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Full text of "The new universal gazetteer, or, Geographical dictionary : containing a description of all the empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, cities, towns, forts, seas, harbours, rivers, lakes, mountains, and capes in the known world ; with the government, customs, manners, and religion of the inhabitants ... ; with twenty-eight whole sheet maps"

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.i-Av      :h 


UNIVERSITY 

OF  PITTSBURGH 

LIBRARY 

THIS  BOOK  PRESENTED  BY 

In  memory  of 

John  KcKlrdy 

/ 


V 


THE  NEW 


Ux\IVERSAL  GAZETTEER 


OR, 


GEOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY. 


VOL.  I. 


THE    NEW  /^/ 

UNIVERSAL   GAZETTEER; 

OR, 

GEOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY: 

COXTAINTNG  A  DESCHIWION  Of  ALL  THE 

EMPIRES,  KINGDOMS,  STATES,  PROVINCES,  CITIES,  TOWNS, 

FORTS,  SEAS,  HARBOURS,  RIVERS,  LAKES, 

MOUNTAINS,  AND  CAPES^ 

IN 

THE    KNOWN    WORLD; 

WITH 

THE  GOVERNMENT,    CUSTOMS,  MANNERS,    AND  RELIGION, 
OF  THE  INHABITANTS^ 

THE 

ExTEMT,  Boundaries,  and  Natur.il  PRODUcnoxs,  qe"  each  Cquntry  ;  rut 

Trade,  Manufactures,  and  Curiosities,  of  the  Cities  and  Towns, 

collected  erom  the  best  autiiors;  their  longitude,  latitude, 

Bearings,  and  Distances,  from  the  best  and  wost 

AUTHENTIC  ChARTS. 

aaiittj  tirtDmtO'.ciijIjt  tDliole  ^\zzx  StBitpd* 
BY  THE  REV.  CLEMENT  CRUTTWELL. 


Second  Editmi. In  Four  Foluvies. 

VOL.  I. 

LONDON : 

PRINTED  FOR  LONGMAN,  HURST,  REES,  AND  ORME,  PATER-NOSTER-ROW, 

AND  CADELL  AND  DAVIES,  STRAND. 

1808. 


\T6t 

v.l 
Cot,  \ 


Printed  by 
Richard  CruttvveH,  St.  James's-Street,  Bath, 

: fc"" 


-^ 


PREFACE 

TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


THAT  part  of  geography  which  is  pecnllaily  adapted  \o  ibo 
compofuion  of  a  work  hke  the  prefent,  is,  perliapi!,  one  of  the 
moft  generally  picafing  in  the  whole  circle  of  human  faience  :  few 
perfons,  who  read  or  hear  of  events,  or  hiftorical  occurrences,  wi}}  be 
fatisfied  without  knowing  tlie  fituation,  and  other  circumftance?  re- 
lating to  the  countries  or  town.-,  in  which  the  feveral  traufav^tions 
took  place;  the  reader  becomes  intereftcd  in  the  event,  and  almoft  a 
party  in  the  fcene  :  all  things  appear  in  his  miud's  eye;  and  as  it 
were  a  fpe(ilator,  in  full  fecurity,  he  beholds  actions,  of  glory  and  ra- 
vages of  war.  Ancient  Geography  is  not  introduced';  it  was  intended 
to  defcribe  the  world  as  it  is ;  and  in  this  refpe<St  the.  prefent  Work 
affords  a  much  greater  degree  of  information  than  arvy  otlier,  at  leaft 
in  the  Englifli  language.  In  every  article,  truth,  accuracy,  and  im-. 
partiality,  have  been  confidered  as  fundamental  principles,  and  in-*, 
variably  purfued  ;  witti  an  endeavour  to  give  of  every  conn  fry,  city, 
or  town,  an  adequate  or  proportionate  account,  with  onlv  fo  much  of 
their  feveral  hiftories  as  might  immediately  concern  their  pohtical  re- 
volutions. A  Gazetteer  that  is  merely  an  abridgen!e!\t,  will,  at  one 
time  or  other,  be  of  liitle  ufe  :  for  who  can  predict  what  fliall  be  the 
moft  important  fpots  of  the  earth,  to  which  public  attention  niav  be 
direfled  ?  Experience,  arifing  from  the  prefent  war,  convinces  ns, 
that  places  of  apparent  infignificance  have  grown  into  celebrity;  while 
their  name,  fituation,  and  connection  with  other  places,  were  before 
almofl  unknown,  or  greatly  fubjetSl  to  mifreprefcntation.  New  dif- 
coveries  in  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic  Seas  have  added  largely  to  the 
nomenclature  of  a  Geographical  Dictionary,  opened  new  fources  of 
tommerce,  and  given  great  room  for  refletSlion  to  the  philofopher, 
he  moralift,  and  the  divine.  The  events  of  Europe  and  America 
have  for  the  laft  twenty  years  been  indeed  important,  producinc- 
changes  in  the  political  Hate  almoft  unheard  of  before.  When  the 
work  was  begun,  America  was  indeed  intlependent ;  but  France  waa 
at  peace,  and  governed  by  a  king.  Every  province  has  lince  been 
called  by  a  new  name,  and  a  country  which  for  ages  was  in  the  habit 
of  almoil  idolizing  its  kings,  has  become  a  republic  and  a  democracy; 
nay  more,  it  feems  to  have  increafcd  in  territory,  in  proportion  to  the 
endeavours  of  oppoling  powers  to  deftroy  it :  the  Rhine  forminp-  the 
boundary  of  its  territory  towards  Germany,  and  Savoy  beinnr  reduced 
to  one  of  its  departments.  The  new  divilions  of  France  itfelfwere 
made  before  the  copy  was  fent  to  the  prels,  and  are  adopted  in  the 
Work ;  but  many  alterations  in  the  political  ftate  of  feveral  parts  of 
its  conquests  have  taken  place,  even  towards  the  clofe  of  the  publica- 
tion fuch  as  the  Netherlands  and  Savoy;  Auftrian  Lombardy  formed 
into  an  independent  itate,  under  the  title  of  the  Cisalpine  liepiibliCi 


Vlll  PREFACE. 

and  Venice,  a  city  which  fo  long  hoafled  of  her  power,  riches,  and 
independence,  rendered  fubjedi  to  the  houfe  of  Auftria.  The  reflec- 
tions made  in  the  courfe  of  the  Work  are  few  ;  every  thing  of  party 
has  been  avoided,  and  every  rehgious  opinion  treated  with  refpe6t. 
To  trace  the  origin  of  nations  and  people  in  this  Work  has  feldom 
been  attempted.  Our  plan  is  to  include  every  part  of  the  known 
world,  that  is  capable  of  defignation  or  defcription;  pointing  out  its 
lituation,  particular  charafter,  its  form  of  government,  or  a  reference 
to  the  government  to  which  it  isfubjeft;  its  commerce,  and  produft- 
ions;  and  the  manners,  drefs,  and  peculiarities  of  the  people,  where 
thofe  are  diftinguilhable  as  a  clafs.  In  laying  down  fituations,  the 
diflances  have  been  carefully  meafured,  and  the  moft  approved,  maps 
and  charts  have  been  confulted  for  the  important  articles,  latitude 
and  longitude.  In  the  accomplilliment  of  thefe  obje6ls,  which  have 
engaged  the  editor's  attention  for  fome  years,  it  was  his  aim  to  ac- 
cumulate all  that  the  prefent  ftale  of  knowledge  affords.  With  this 
view,  therefore,  he  had  recourfe  to  the  moft  approved  and  indifputable 
authorities  ;  to  d'Anville,  de  Lille,  Martiniere,  Moreri,  Robert  de 
Vaugondy,  Sanfon,  Jaeger,  Homann,  Maier,  Magini,  de  Wit,  Mul- 
ler,  Vifcher,  Camden,  Bufchin,  Rennel,  Bernouilli,  Cook,  Dalrymple, 
Berenger,  Dutens,  Arrowfmith,  the  New  Atlas  of  France,  publiflicd 
by  the  the  DireAory  ;  the  Grand  Map  of  Ruflfia,  publiflied  in  the 
RufTian  language,  by  order  of  the  late  emprefs,  &cc.  6:c.  with  all  the 
principal  modern  Voyages  and  Travels.  To  thefe  may  be  added  the 
communications  of  many  gentlem.en  who  ferved  abroad,  have  been 
perfonally  acquainted  with  places  not  generally  known,  or  inipcrfedly 
defcribed,  and  who  have  pointed  out  fources  of  imformation,  fuch  as 
are  not  often  to  be  met  with.  For  the  farther  illuftration  of  the 
Work,  equal  pains  have  been  taken  to  prepare  aferies  of  Maps,  exe- 
cuted at  a  very  great  expence,  and  upon  a  icale  fufficiently  large  to 
conltitute  a  Complete  Atlas.  In  the  body  of  the  Work,  the  lontii- 
tude  is  fixed  according  to  the  maps  from  whence  the  names  of  the 
different  places  were  refpe(Slively  taken.  Thus  Englifli  Maps,  for  the 
moft  part,  fix  their  meridian  at  Greenwich,  or  London  ;  Spain  is  cal- 
culated from  the  Peak  of  Teneritie  ;  while  tlie  geographers  of  France 
univerfally  place  their  meridian  at  Fcno.  In  the  I\laps  of  our  Atlas, 
the  longitude  is  calculated  from  Greenwich.  In  England  and  Wales, 
the  miles  marked  to  denote  the  diftances  arc  Enghfh  flatutc  miles, 
691  to  a  degree.  Every  where  elfe,  unlefs  particularly  exprclfed,  geo- 
graphical miles  (60  to  a  degree)  are  to  be  underflood.  A  league  is 
fuppofcd  to  contain  three  of  thefe  miles  ;  and  one  German,  of  which 
fifteen  make  a  degree,  contains  four  geograpliical  miles. 


PREFACE 

TO  THE  SECOND  EDITION, 

SEVER A.L  years  have  been  fufferedto  elapfe  fince  a  fecond  edition 
of  the  prefeiit  work  had  become  neceflary;  but  particular  cir- 
cumllances,  which  it  would  be  fuperfluous  to  detail,  retarded  the 
publication  till  fcarcely  a  copy  of  the  original  impreffion  is  to  be 
procured.  The  purchafers  of  this  edition  will,  however,  have  no 
caufe  to  regret  the  delay:  the  Author's  attention  has  been  unremit- 
tingly dlreded  to  the  improvement  of  the  work,  and  the  vaft  political 
changes  on  the  continent  have  furniflied  ample  matter  for  additions 
and  alterations. 

Since  the  firli  appearance  of  this  Gazetteer,  the  Map  of  Europe  has 
changed  its  afpeft.  Powerful;  and  at  the  fame  time  independent, 
monarchies  have  almoll  loll  their  political  exiftence;  and  new  em- 
pires, kingdoms,  and  principalities  have  been  created.  In  1798, 
France  was  a  republic,  it  is  now  an  empire,  and  its  limits  have  been 
awfully  extended.  Germany,  which  comprehended  an  alTociation  of 
Hates,  nominally  fubjeA  to  one  empire  is  now  partitioned  into  fcveral 
kingdoms,  federally  connected  with  France,  and  wjth  each  other 
under  the  title  of  the  Confederation  of  the  Rhine.  I'jft  Houfe  of 
Auftria  has  thus  loft  the  afcendancy  which  it  for  fo^tong  a  period 
maintained  in  the  affairs  of  Germany j  and  its  hereditary  archdutchy 
has  been  erc6lcd  into  an  empire  to  make  fome  amends  lo  its  fove- 
reign  for  this  lofs  of  titular  dignity.  The  Cifalpine  Republic  now 
forms  a  large  kingdom  with  the  name  of  Italy,  and  during  the  pro- 
grefs  of  this  work  through  the  prefs,  a  fingle  difaftrous  campaign  has 
llripped  the  Houfe  of  Brandenburg  of  a  large  portion  of  its  territo- 
ries, which  have  contributed  to  the  formation  of  the  new  Kinodoni 
of  Weftphalici,  and  the  Dutchy  of  Warfiw. 

Many  other  important  changes  have  taken  place  in  the  political 
geography  of  Europe,  which  it  is  here  unneceflary  to  enumerate,  and 
which  are  noticed  under  the  refpeclive  heads  to  which  they  refer. 
But  the  Author  feels  it  incumbent  on  him  to  (late,  that  owing  to  the. 
interruptixm  of  our  intercourfe  vvith  the  continent,  it  has  been  found 
difficult,  and  in  fome  cafes  impra6licable,  to  procure  accurate  maps 
of  the  new  territorial  divifions  ]  and  while  alujoft  every  mail  brings 


25  PREFACE. 

intelligence  of  frefh  arrangements,  it  cannot  be  expe6led  that  the 
lateft  of  these  fliould  have  been  invariably  inferted  in  a  work,  the 
mere  printing  of  which  requires  many  months  for  its  completion. 
Even  at  the  moment  of  writing  this  advertifement,  the  krnjrdom  and 
dominions  of  Spain  are  on  the  point  of  being  newly  arranged :  the 
Papal  territories  are  announced  to  be  annexed  to  the  Kingdom  of 
Italy;  and  Etruria  is  to  form  three  departments  of  the  French  Em- 
pire. Such  revolutions  could  not  be  anticipated,  and  it  would  be 
needlefs  to  oiFer  an  excufe  for  confequent  inaccuracies  which  no 
wifdom  could  have  forefeen,  no  caution  could  have  prevented. 

The  very  favourable  reception  of  the  firft  edition  renders  it  necef- 
fary  for  the  Author  to  exprefs  his  gratitude.  In  a  careful  and  minute 
revifion,  he  has  correfted  many  errors,  though  no  doubt,  many  muft 
yet  remain,  infeparable  perhaps  from  an  undertaking  of  fuch  mag- 
nitude and  extent ;  and  the  addition  of  more  than  thirty  thoufand 
frefli  articles  will  evince  his  defire  of  rendering  the  prefent  edition 
deferving  of  the  public  approbation. 

Bathf  June  25,  1808. 

N.  B.  The  Longitude  for  this  Edition  is  to  be  always  underllood 
lirom  London  or  Greenwich. 


PRELIMINARY  OBSERVATIONS. 


'HE  earth  on  which  we  dwell,  is  but  a  fmall  part  of  one  fyftem,  or 
portion  of  the  univerie.  According  to  the  difcover}'-  of  Copernicus, 
approved  by  Sir  Ifaac  Newton,  and  now  luiiverfally  adopted,  tlie  lun  is 
the  centre  of  the  fyltem,  round  which  planets  and  comets  move  in  dilte- 
icnt  periods,  and  at  diti'erent  diltances.  The  diameter  of  tlie  fun,  is  com- 
puted to  be  8C)0rXX)  miles,  his  fuperiicial  contents  2488-101360000,  and  it3 
folid  content  3m)121 7(58400000000  cubic  miles.  The  revolution  round 
its  own  axis  is  performed  in  twentj'  five  days  fi.\  hours. 

Planets  are  celellial  bodies,  which  revolve  round  the  fun  as  a  centre, 
continually  changing  their  pofition,  with  refpeft  to  other  ftars ;  and  fup- 
poied  to  be  opaque  bodies.  Till  lately,  allronomers  obferved  only  fix, 
viz.  Saturn  Jupiter,  Mars,  the  Earth,  Venus,  and  Mercurv.  Mr.  llcrf- 
chel,  a  fev/  years  fince,  difcovered  a  Icventh,  which  in  compliment  to 
his  patron,  the  king  of  England,  he  named  the  Gcorgium  Sidus :  foreign 
allronomcrs,  however,  call  it  by  the  name  of  the  Difcoverer. 

Thefe  planets  move  in  different  orbits  round  the  fun ;  Saturn  in  about 
thirty  years,  Jupiter  in  about  twelve  :  Mars  in  two  :  V^enus,  the  brighteft 
of  the  planets,  is  never  farther  dillant  from  the  fun  than  42  degrees,  and 
performs  its  courfe  in  about  feven  months ;  when  it  precedes  the  lun,  it 
is  a  morning  flar ;  when  it  follows,  it  appears  only  in  the  evening.  Mer- 
cury is  ftill  nearer  to  the  fun  than  Venus,  being  never  diftant  more  thaa 
28  degrees.     The  revolution  of  the  earth  forms  our  year. 

That  the  earth  and  the  reft  of  the  planets  move  round  the  fun  as  a 
centre,  is  evident  from  obfervation  and  rcafon,  nay,  to  mathematical  de- 
inonftration.  Mercury  is  3000  miles  in  diameter,  and  it  contains  282/4400 
fquare  miles,  the  folid  contents  arc  eftiraated  at  1413/200000  cubic  miles. 
Its  dittance  from  the  fun  is  308414(38  miles,  and  its  revolution  round  the 
fun  is  performed  in  eighty-feven  days  twenty-three  hours,  moving  at  the 
rate  of  lUgogQ  miles  and  a  fraction  in  an  hour.  The  diameter  of  Venus 
is  computed  to  be  9330  miles,  its  furface  to  be  equal  to  2/34/2824  fquare 
miles,  and  its  folid  contents  to  be  425250241093  cubic  miles.  Its  diltance 
from  the  fun  is  ()SS.Q148()  miles,  and  its  courfe  round  the  luu  is  performed 
in  224  days,  feven  teen  hours,  moving  at  the  rate  of  802tj5  miles  and  a 
fraction  in  an  hour,  and  turning  round  its  own  axis  in  twenty-four  days 
eight  hours.  The  form  of  the  earth  is  nearly  fpherical,  the  courfe  is  el- 
liptical, and  the  motion  equal  to  (J8243  miles  and  a  fradion  in  an  hour  ; 
its  dillance  from  the  fun  is  computed  to  be()5173000j  the  diameter  is  7.9/0 
miles,  it  furface  contains  I99557259  fquare  miles,  and  its  folid  contents 
are  equal  to  2(350/8559023  cubic  miles.  Mars  is  5400  miles  in  diameter, 
its  fquare  fuperficies  9l608;.'56"  miles,  and  its  folid  contents  82448140400 
cubic  miles.  Its  dillance  from  the  fun  is  145014184  miles.  It  moves 
romid  tlie  fun  in  one  year,  321  days,  feventeen  hours,  at  the  rate  of  55287 
miles  in  an  hour;  its  revolution  round  its  own  axis  is  performed  in  twent)  - 
four  hours  forty  minutes.  Jupiter's  diameter  is  94OOO  miles,  its  fuperiicial 
content  27759077dOO  fquare  miles,  and  its  folid  content  43  189^782400000 
cubic  miles  ;  its  diftanre  from  the  fun  is  49499097(3  miles ;  its  revolutitni 
round  the  fun  is  performed  in  eleven  years,  314  days,  18  hours,  raovii.g 
about  290831  miles  in  an  hour^  and  round  its  own  axis  in  nine  hourl 


Xn  PRELIMINARY  OBSERVATrONS, 

fifty-fix  minutes.  Saturn's  dinrneter  is  78000  miles,  its  fupcriiclal  cors' 
tent  Ipl  ]3'304'100  fquare  miles,  and  its  iblid  content  24847543f20O0OO 
cubic  miles.  Its  diftance  from  the  fun  goygsOlSO  miLs.  Its  courlc 
jound  the  fun  is  performed  in  twenty-nine  years,  167  days,  and  fix  hours, 
Moving  at  the  rate  of  22101  miles  and  a  fraftion  in  an  bosr :  its  rcrolu- 
tion  round  its  own  axis  is  unknown.  Ihe  Georgium  Sidus,  or  the  Herf- 
chel  is  reckoned  to  be  twice  as  large  as  Saturn,  and  is  fuppofed  to  rather 
more  than  eighty- three  years  in  performing  its  revolution  round  the  fun, 
from  which  it  is  farther  diftant  than  any  other  planet  yet  difcovered. 
Mercury  and  Venus  are  called  inferior  planets,  becanfe  they  move  witlirn 
the  earth's  orbit,  and  are  nearer  the  fun.  Mars,  Jupiter,  Saturn,  and  the 
Georgium  Sidus,  are  called  fuperior  planets^  becaufe  tliey  moyc  without 
the  earth's  orbit,  and  are  farther  from  the  fun. 

Eefides  the  feven  primary  planets,  there  are  fecondar}'  planets,  called 
fatellites,  which  move  round  the  primary  planets,  in  the  fame  manner  as 
tbefe  do  i-ound  the  fun.  The  principal  of  thefe  is  the  moon,  the  fatellite 
»f  the  earth  ;  Jupiter  has  four,  Saturn  feven,  and  the  Georgiuoj  Sidus 
two.  The  diameter  of  the  moon  is  2180  miles,  its  diflance  fro/n  th«  earth's 
centre  240000  miles  ;  its-  revolution  round  the  earth  is  perfoirsied  115 
27  days,  feven  hours,  and  forty-tiiree  minutes,  moving  at  the  rate  of  22^1^ 
miles  and  near  an  half  in  an  hour. 

Thr  fixed  stars  are  diftinguillied  from  the  planets,  b}-  their  continual 
twinkling.  Thefe  ftars  never  change  their  fituation  with  regard  to  each 
other,  as  the  planets  do.  For  though  the  revolutions  of  tke  earth  occaiioB 
sn  apparent  motion  of  the  heavens  ;  yet,  if  aay  two  fixed  ftars  be  obferved 
atfeveral  intervals  of  time  they  will  always  be  found  to  preferve  the  fame 
poiition  with  refpeft  to  each  other,  during  the  whole  eourfe  of  the  abfer- 
vation.  I'hefe  ftars  are  all  fuppofed  to  be  funs  3  each  fl:iining  by  its  ovi^a 
light ;  and  each  fituated  in  the  centre  of  a  fyftem,  in  which  planets  revolve 
round  them,  as  round  our  fun.  The  diftance  of  the  fixed  ftars  from  us  is  fo 
great,  that  even  the  neareft  of  them,  which  is  Sirius,  the  dog-ftar,  never 
appears  to  vary  in  its  dimensions  to  our  fight,  though  the  earth,  in  its  an- 
Bv.al  revolution,  is  I95  millions  of  miles  nearer  to  it,  when  in  one  part  of 
its  orbit,  than  when  in  that  which  is  oppofite. 

Comets  are  fuppofed  to  be  folid  opaque  bodies  of  various  magnitudes, 
like  the  planets,  from  which  they  are  diftinguilhed  principally  by  long; 
tranfparent  tails  refembling  a  pale  flame,  and  ilTuing  from  the  part  of  the 
comet  fartheft  from  the  fun  5  they  are  fuppofed  to  move  round  tlie  fun^ 
and  crofs  the  orbits  of  the  planets,  in  all  manner  of  diredions. 

Globes  are  either  terreftrial  or  celeftial ;  a  terreftrial  globe  is  an  artificial 
fpherc,  on  whofe  furface  is  delineated  the  principal  countries  of  the  earth, 
cities,  iflands,  rivers,  &c.  in  their  prop-er  fituation,  with  the  circle^>  ima- 
gined to  be  on  the  furface  of  the  earth.  A  celeftial  globe  is  intended  to 
iiiew  the  fituation  of  the  fixed  ftars  in  their  propi>rtiona.te  diftaaces^  to- 
getlier  with  the  principal  circles  of  the  fphere. 

The  ecliptic  is  a  line  or  circle  in  the  fphere  of  the  fijrs,  under  which 
the  fun  apparently  moves,  and  defcribes  his  yearly  couvfe.  It  is  called 
alfo,  the  fun's  orbit,  or  the  sun's  ivoij  in  the  apj-)arent  motion  from  eaf^ 
to  weft. 

Pole,  the  point  or  cxtrenfity  of  the  earth's  axis :  the  two  gratjd  poles, 
are  the  North  or  Arttic,  and  the  South  or  Antarftic ;  each  of  thefe  are  f)0 
degrees  from  the  equator.  The  altitude  or  elevation  of  the  pole,  is  an 
arch  of  the  meridian,  intercepted  between  the  j^ole  and  the  horizon  ;  this 
altitude  or  elevation  is  the  fame  as  the  latitude  ;  and  the  rule  to  difcover 
it  is  to  obferve  the  greateft  and  the  Icaft  meridian  altitude  of  the  Polav 
ftar,  with  a  quadrant :  fubtraft  the  Icaft  trom  the  greateft,  the  mea«  i\ 
the  altitude  lequii-cd. 


PRELIMINARY    OI?SERVATIONS.  XUl 

The  lono]iurle  of  a  place,  is  An  nrch  of  the  racridlan,  between  one  place 
and  another,  or  the  number  of  degrees  c:ift  or  weft,  from  the  meridian,  or 
imaginary  line,  drawn  through  a  particular  place  from  pole  to  pole. 

The  fituation  of  the  tirft  meridian,  or  that  point  from  which  the  lon- 
gitude is  taken,  is  arbitrarj'-,  and  by  dilfercnt  nations  and  different  geo- 
graphers fixed  differently,  fometinies  ace;^rding  to  accidental  cireumltances, 
it  fecms  to  have  been  a  cuftom  among  the  ancient  geographers  to  place  il 
where  they  fuppofed  was  the  moll  wefterly  point  of  the  habitable  globe, 
and  reckon  the  longitude  only  to  the  eaft.  But  the  places  chiefly  iixed 
on  in  maps  and  lea  journals,  have  been  Greenwich  by  the  EngliJh,  Fcrro 
bv  die  French  and  many  other  nations,  a-nd  the  Peak  of  Teneriffe  by  the 
Dutch  and  Spaniards.  Allronomers  in  general  chcK)fe  their  place  of  ob- 
iervation  for  the  firit  meridian. 

In  this  Gazetteer,  the  longitude  was  at  {irib  taken  fometimes  from 
Greenwich,  at  others  from  Ferro  and  the  Peak  of  Teneriffe,  as  found  in 
tiie  authors  of  m.aps  ftudied  for  the  work,  choofing  rather  this  metlioii 
than  run  the  rilk  of  the  great  number  of  miflakes  which  might  ha^'^ 
been  Incurred  in  reducing  every  one  to  a  common  meridian.  It  is  now 
taken  from  Greenwich. 

The  degrees  of  longitude  are  always  gradually  leffening  from  the  equa- 
tor, as  they  approach  to  either  of  the  poles. 

Latilude — By  latitude  is  meant  the  diliance  of  any  place  from  the  equa- 
tor, whether  north  or  fouth. 

Zodiac — A  fafcia  or  band,  of  which  the  ecliptic  forms  the  centre,  and 
the  extremes  two  parallel  circles,  which  comprehend  or  bound  the  courfe 
of  the  fun  and  planets.  The  fmi  never  deviates  from  the  ecliptic:  the 
planets  do  more  or  lefs  :  their  greatell  deviations,  called  latitudes,  are  the 
meafure  of  the  breadth  of  the  zodiac,  according  to  forae  fixteen,  others 
eighteen,  and  others  twenty  degrees  broad.  The  zodiac  croiiing  the  equa- 
tor ebliquely,  makes  an  angle  of  twent^'-three  degrees,  twenty-nine  mi- 
nutes, which  is  the  fun's  greateft  declination.  It  is  divided  into  twelve 
portions  or  iigns,  each  eontaining  thirty  degrees. 

Zones — Divifions  of  the  fphere,  with  refpeft  to  the  different  degrees  of 
heat  found  in  different  parts,  contained  between  \.x\.  parallel  lines  :  they 
are  termed  torrid,  temperate,  and  frigid.  The  torrid  zone  extends  on 
each  fide  the  equator  to  the  tropics,  that  is,  as  far  as  twenty-three  degrees 
twenty-nine  minutes  of  north  and  fouth  latitude.  The  temperate  zone  or 
zones,  for  there  are  two,  north  and  fouth,  extend  from  Lat.  23. 2C).  to  C»<5. 
31.  The  frigid  zones  occupy  the  remaining  part  of  the  globe  towards  the 
north  and  fouth  poles. 

Nadir — That  point  of  the  heavens  or  the  fphere  which  is  immediately 
finder  our  feet,  drawing  a  ftraight  line  through  the  centre  of  the  earth. 
The  zenith  and  nadir  are  tlie  two  poles  of  the  horizon,  being  each  ninety 
degrees  from  it. 

Zeiuth — The  vertical  point  of  the  heavens  immediately  over  our  head, 
diametrically  oppolite  to  the  nadir. 

Hori-ior, — A  circle  of  the  fphere,  which  divides  the  world  into  two  parts 
or  hemifpheres,  the  one  upper,  vihble  ;  the  other  beneath,  and  hidden  : 
horizon  is  called  rational  or  fenfible ;  the  true  or  rational  horizon  is  a 
circle  whofe  plane  paffes  through  the  centre  of  the  earth,  and  A\hofe  poles 
are  the  zenith  and  nadir,  and  divides  the  earth  into  two  hemifpheres. 
The  fenfible  or  vifible  horizon  is  a  lefs  circle  of  the  Ipherc,  which  divide* 
the  vifible  part  of  the  earth  and  heaven  fiom  that  which  is  invifible. 

Climate — Among  geographers,  is  fuppofed  to  contain  fuch  a  part  of 
the  furface  of  the  globe  as  is  bounded  between  two  circles,  parallel  to  the 
equinoaial  line,  that  the  longeft  day  in  that  part  nearer  tiiepular  circle 
Ihall  exceed  the  longeft  day  in  that  part  nearer  the  equator  by  fome  certain 
Ipac^,  viz.  half  an  hour:  the  beginning  of  tiie  climate  is  reckoned  whea 


XIV  PHELIMINARV    OBSERVATION'S. 

the  day  is  fliorteft.     Climate  is  ufed-  likewife  to  ligp.ify  the  temperature 
ef  tJie  air.     Later  geographers  have  given  a  tabic  of  t  .renty. 


Middle  of 

Longeft  day 

Latitude 

I.  Climate 

12  hours,  30  minute 

;S. 

7.  18.  N.  or  S. 

II. 

13 

15.  36. 

III. 

13.  30 

23.  3. 

IV. 

14 

29.  4y. 

V. 

14.  30 

35. 55. 

VI. 

15 

40.  32. 

VI!. 

15.  30 

44.  -12. 

VI 11. 

10 

48.  15. 

IX- 

17 

53.  4G. 

X. 

18 

75.  44. 

XI. 

19 

00.  3(). 

XII. 

20 

62.  44. 

XIII. 

22 

05.  10. 

XIV. 

24 

65.  54. 

N.Lat. 

Con 

t.Day   Cent.  Night 

S.Lat. 

Cont.Day 

C.  Night 

XV.  66.53. 

31  c 

lays          27  days 

66. 

53. 

30  days 

28 

.   XVI.  Of).  30. 

62 

58 

69. 

bO. 

60 

59 

XVII,  73. 

P3 

87 

73. 

S9 

88 

XVIII.  78.   6. 

124 

117 

78. 

6. 

120 

118 

XIX.  8-i. 

15^ 

148 

84. 

150 

14(; 

XX.  90.  1S8  ISO  90.  178  177 

Equator — A  great  circle  of  the  earth,  which  iurrounds  it  in  the  centre, 
at  an  equal  dilhnice  from  the  north  and  fouth  poles.  It  is  fo  called,  be- 
caufe  when  the  fun  is  on  it,  the  days  and  nights  are  equal,  whence  it  is 
called  the  equino6tial  line,  and  fometlmes  (imply  the  line.  This  line  is 
fuppofed  to  divide  the  fphere  into  two  hemifpheres,  the  north  and  the 
fouth,  from  their  refpeclive  lituations,  and  is  ninety  degrees,  called  de- 
grees of  latitude,  from  each  pole. 

7'ropics — Two  circles  of  the  fphere  fo  called,  fituated  to  the  north  and 
fouth  of  the  equator,  each  at  the  difiance  of  twenty-three  degrees  twenty- 
nine  minutes,  being  the  fun's  greatclf  declination.  That  to  tlie  north  is 
called  the  tropic  of  cancer,  and  that  to  the  fouth  the  tropic  of  Capricorn. 

Ocean — The  immcnfe  body  of  fait  water  which  encompalfes  or  bounds 
the  whole  globe  of  the  earth.  Sometimes  it  is  applied  to  particular  feas, 
as  the  Pciciiic  Ocean,  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  the  Frozen  Sea.  Perhaps 
it  is  not  fynonymous  with  fea,  as  it  would  appear  aukward  and  uncouth 
to  fay,  Mediterranean  Ocean,  Calpian  Ocean,  &:c. 

Sea — In  ojjpofition  to  land,  is  applied  indifcriminately  with  ocean,  to 
lignify  the  whole  immenfe  body  of  fait  water  which  iurrounds  tlie  globe  ; 
but  is  more  particularly,  and  perhaps  more  properly,  applied  to  a  diftinft 
part,  as  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  the  Pjaltic,  the  North  Sea,  &:c. 

Stra't,  or  Straight,  or  Streight-^A  narrow  channel  or  arm,  which  af- 
fords a  pall  age  from  one  fea  to  another,  or  one  gulf  to  another,  as  tlie 
Straits  of  Gibraltar,  between  the  Atlantic  and  Mediterranean  ;  the  Straits 
of  Magellan,  between  the  Atlantic  and  the  Pacific. 

Citannei — A  narrow  fea,  which  either  feparates  an  illand  from  the 
continent,  two  illauds  or  two  continets  from  each  other,  or  forms  a  Icpa- 
ration  between  countiy  and  country,  as  the  Englilh  Channel,  between 
England  and  France  3  the  Briilol  Channel,  between  England  and 
Wales,  &c. 

Road — A  part  of  the  fea  in  which  ftiips  may  anchor,  at  fome  diftance 
from  the  Ihore,  with   dilicrent  degrees  of  fecurity,  according  to  the  dif- 


PRELIMINR.RY  OBSERVATIONS.  XT 

i^rent  fituations,  and  proteftion  from  the  winds,  which  the  neighbouring 
land  may  artbrd,  as  likewife  from  the  ground  on  which  the  anchor  is  cafL 

Gulf- — A  part  of  the  fea,  bounded  by  projeftions  of  land,  perhaps  where 
the  extremities  of  tiie  projecting  points  approach  nearer  to  each  other 
than  in  a  bay :  or  when  Ihut  in  by  illands,  &c.  as  in  the  Gulf  of  Perfia, 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  many  others  ;  though  the  rvile  does  not  always 
hold  good,  the  diftindion  between  gulf  and  bay  does  not  otherwile  feem 
to  be  accurately  afcertained. 

Creek — A  fmall  bay  or  inlet  of  the  fea  in  general,  but  perhaps  more 
properly  applied  to  fnch  as  admit  a  capability  of  landing. 

}jay — A  part  of  the  fea  or  river,  formed  by  a  proje6tion  of  two  ex- 
tremities of  the  land,  and  this  without  refped-t  to  form  or  fize,  fome  being 
very  large,  as  the  Bay  of  Bifcay.  the  Bay  of  Honduras,  &c. 

Lake — A  collection  of  v/ater,  furrounded  by  land  on  all  fides,  and  having 
no  communication  with  the  fea,  except  by  rivers  :  of  tliefe,  fome  are  of 
vaft  extent,  particularly  in  North  America,  fuch  as  Lake  Superior,  the 
largell  body  of  frelh  water  known.  Some  lakes  are  found  filled  with  fait 
wSter,  at  a  confiderable  diilance  from  the  fea  :  fome  lakes  are  not  knowa 
to  have  any  rivers  either  to  difcharge  their  water  or  to  fupply  more. 
Other  lakes  there  are,  which  conftantly  difcharge  their  water  without 
any  vifible  fupply,  and  others  again  receive,  without  any  rivers  being 
difcovered  through  which  their  waters  may  be  difcharged. 

I  •land — A  trafl  of  land  furrounded  by  water,  the  fea,  a  lake,  or  river, 
as  Great  Britain,  Ireland;  Borneo,  Madagafcar,  &c.  New  Holland  is  the 
largeft  ifland  known. 

Isthmus — A  narrow  traCt  of  land  which  connects  two  continents:  the 
nioft  celebrated  are,  that  of  Suez,  which  unites  Africa  to  the  continent  of 
Alia,  and  that  of  Darien,  between  North  and  South  America. 

PeninsKia — A  traCl  of  land  joined  to  a  continent,  or  larger  extent  of 
country,  by  a  narrow  llrait.  Thus  Africa,  joined  to  the  reft  of  the  vaft 
continent  by  the  Ifthmus  of  Suez,  is  a  peninfuia,  fo  likewife  is  South 
America;  and  the  Morea,  or  ancient  Peloponnefus,  united  to  the  reft  of 
Europe  by  the  Ifthmus  of  Corinth,  is  a  peninfuia.  This  term  has  been 
applied  to  the  country  of  Hindooftan,  without  the  charafteriftic  mark  of 
Ifthmus  as  the  union  with  the  continent  is  nearly  equal  in  extent  to  any- 
other  fide  of  the  triangle. 

Cape — A  projection  extending  farther  into  the  fea  than  the  reft  of  the 
land,  with  which  it  is  immediately  connected.  Capes  are  in  general 
places  of  note  to  navigators. 

Proinontoiy — An  elevated  point  of  land,  projecting  into  the  fea,  fy- 
Ronymous  v/ith  headland. 

Mole — A  large  embankment  in  the  fea,  extended  to  break  off"  the  force 
of  the  waves,  and  give  fecurity  to  veflels  at  anchor  in  a  harbour  or  road  ; 
fometinoes  it  has  been  applied  to  the  harbour  itfelf. 


AN 


UNIVERSAL  GAZETTEER, 


AND 


GEOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY. 


A  A 

/f  ^,  a  river  of  SwifTerland,  which  rifes 
»^  near  Gruningen  in  the  canton  of  Zu- 
rich, and  runs  into  the  Greiffenfce  lake. 

yla,  a  river  of  Swifferland,  which  rifes 
near  the  abby  of  Engelberg,  in  the  canton  of 
Underwald,  croffes  that  canton  in  its  whole 
extent,  and  runsintothelake  ofthe  Four  Can- 
tons, a  miles  NE.  Stantz,  oppolite  Gerfau. 

y/,7,  a  river  of  Swiflerland,  v/hich  riles  in 
a  mountain  NW.  of  the  city  of  Lucerne, 
takes  a  northern  direiftion,  forming  two 
fmall  lakes,  pafTcs  by  Lenzburg,  and  iofes 
itfelfin  the  Aar.  about  3  miles  SW.  Brug. 
•  Aa,  a  river  of  France,  which  rifes  near 
Bourthe,a  village  in  the  departmentof  Calais, 
palFes  by  St.  Orner,  after  which  it  divides  in- 
to three  branches,  the  middle  one  of  which 
prefcrves  its  name,  feparates  the  department 
of  the  Straits  of  Calais  from  the  department 
of  the  North,  and  falls  into  the  fea  below 
Gravelines ;  that  which  runs  to  the  left  falls 
into  the  canal  of  Calais;  the  other  to  the 
right  is  called  the  Colme,  and  empties  itfelf 
into  the  canal  of  Dunkirk  and  Mardick. 

y/(7,  a  river  of  Brabant,  which  joins  the 
Dommel  at  Bois  le  Due. 

yLi,  a  river  of  RulTia,  which  runs  into  the 
Baltic  near  Riga. 

j^j,  or  Stee/i'Mycker  Aa.,  a  river  which  rifes 
in  the  ftate  of  Overifiel,  and  palling  by  Steen- 
wycker  divides  into  two  branches,  the  fouth- 
ern  called  the  Old  Aa,  the  other  on  tlie  north 
called  the  Nic-jj  Dkp.,  or  A'mu  Ditch;  both 
of  thefe  ftreams  run  into  the  Gieter  lake, 
which  difcharges  itfelf  into  the  Zuyder  iea, 
Dear  Blockzyl. 

Aa,  or  Walt  Aa,  or  Hanuelte  Aa,  rifes 
near  a  fmall  village  called  Wefterborg,  in  the 
ftate  of  Overiffel ;  pafles  by  Hawelte,a  village 
from  whence  it  receives  its  name,  Meppel, 
&c.;  and  runs  iuto  the  Vccht  at  Swartfluys. 

Vol.  I.  ■  B 


A  A  H 

Aa,  Mujfel  A  a,  \  Both  thefe  rivers  rife  in 
Ruteyi  Aa,  3  the  marfh  of  Bourtang, 
in  the  ftate  of  Overifiel,  on  the  borders  of 
Munfter;  after  a  feparate  courfe  of  about  16 
miles  they  unite  in  one  ftream,  which  takes, 
the  name  of  IVcJlerivold  Aa,  about  5  miles 
S.  from  Winfchotten,  in  the  ftate  of  Gronin- 
gen:  the  VVcfterwold  receives  the  Renfel 
near  a  place  named  Ulften,  and,  after  a  far- 
ther courfe  of  »  miles,  Iofes  itfelf  in  the 
Dollart  bay. 

Aa,  Velllcer  Aa,  a  river  of  Germany, 
which  rifes  near  Velen  in  the  bifhopric  of 
Munfter,  pafles  by  Bocholt,  and  runs  into 
the  Ifl'el  between  Anholt  and  Ulft,  in  the 
county  of  Zutphen. 

Aa  is  a  name  applied  to  many  other  rivers 
in  Germany,  and  the  north  of  Europe,  but 
to  none  of  confequence. 

Aaberirade,  fee  Apenrade. 

Aack,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle. 
Swabia,  and  county  of  Nellenburg,  fituated 
on  a  Iharp  rock  near  the  river  of  the  fame 
name,  3  a  miles  NW.  Conftacce.  Lorig.Z. 
4C.  E.  Lat.  AT'  55-  N. 

Aacb,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rifes  not 
a  great  way  from  the  town  of  Aach,  andf' 
Iofes  itfelfin  the  lake  of  Zeil,  about  a  miles 
SW.  from  Radolfszell.  _         ,      _     „ 

Aach,  a  river  of  Swabia,  which  luns  intp 
the  Danube  at  Ulm. 

Aadcnuh,  a  town  of  Syria,  in  the  pachalio 
of  Aleppo,  3a  miles  NE,  Aleppo. 

Aador,  a  river  of  Africa  in  the  country 
of  Fez,  which  runs  into  the  Seboo,  30  miles 
ENE.  Marmora. 

Aag-Holm,  i.  e.  A^^g  IJlaitd,  a  fmall  ifland 
on  the  coaft  of  Norway.  Lat.  58  N. 
Aaggi-Dagi,  fee  Aggi-Daght. 
Aahus,  or  Ahaus,  a  town  of  Germany  in 
the  bifhopric  of  Munfter,  .pu  tlie  river  *ki, 


A  A  R 


A  A  R 


fr  om  nvinch  Tt  3"eceives  its  name;  it  is  the 
c  ajaital  of  a  difeid,  3  a  miles  NW.  Munfter. 
jLcf/jg:  6.  S7-^  ia/,  52.  9.N. 

jiakirke,2i  town  of  Denmark,  in  the  ifland 
«}f  Bornhohn ;  in  it  is  a  tribunal  of  juftice. 
Aaland-,  fee  Aland. 

Aalborg,  or  Aalbourg,  or  A/burg,  zchy 
"in  North  Jutlard,  about  two  Danifii  miles 
from  the  Cattegat,  on  the  fouth  llde  of  the 
,gulf  of  Lymfort.  It  is  the  fee  of  a  bifhop  ; 
large,  populous,  and,  next  to  Copenhagen, 
the  moft  opulent  town  in  Denmark ;  the 
harbour  fafe  and- deep.  The  principal  arti- 
cles of  commerce  are  herrings,  grain,  hreT 
-arms,  &c.  Long. ').  46.E.  Lat.  57.  ,•;.  N. 

Aalborg,  a  diocefe  of  Denmark,  and  mofl 
northern  part  of  Jutland,  being  a  pcninfula 
nearly  feparated  from  the  reft  of  the  kingdom 
by  the  gulf  of  Lymfort,  a  fmall  part  of  the 
diocefe  only  being  iituated  on  the  Ibuth  of 
the  gulf.  This  province  was  bv  the  ancients 
called  Wendel,  Wandal,  or  Wanfal-Syfrel, 
from  the  diftrit:!:  or  fyffel  of  Wend;  and 
Ibmetimes  Burglum,  from  the  ancient  caftle 
of  Borglum;  is  about  9c  miles  fquare,  and 
contains  13  bailiwicks,  and  177  parifhes. 
The  principal  towns  arc  Aulborg,  Sabie, 
Hioringj  Tyfted,  Nikioping.  The  biihop- 
ric  was  ereAed  in  1065,  and  the  fee  iiril 
fixed  at  Aggerfborg,  ort  the  Lymfort,  v/licre 
there  is  now  a  ferry  calkd  Aggerfunds-fehre. 

Aden,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Swabia,  iituated  in  a  valley  on  tlie  river 
Kocher.  It  was  formerly  Imperial,  being 
firft  made  free  in  1360.  The  Roman  month 
was  38  florins,  and  afieiTment  to  the  Impe- 
rial Chamber  18  rix-doUars,  56  kruitzers. 
40  miks  NW.  Augfburg.  Lo7ig.  9. 8>E.  Lat. 
48.  44.  N. 

Aalfeld,  fee  Alfdd. 

Aais,  or  Als,  a  tov/n  of  Norway,  in  the 
diflrictof  Aggerhuus,64  m.NW.  Chrifliania. 

Aamara,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Barca,  14  miles  S.  Cape  Locca. 

Aavy  a  river  of  France,  which  riics  in  the 
department  of  the  Sarre,  pafies  by  Arem- 
bcrg,  Aldenahr,  5cc.  and  runs  into  the  Rhine 
oppofite  Lintz. 

Aar,  a  river  of  SwifTerland,  which  rifes  in 
th^  Alps  not  far  from  the  fource  of  theRhine, 
andafter  pafling  through  the  lakes  of  Brientz 
and  Tliun,  runs  into  the  Rhine  near  Zurzach. 

Aar-t  or  Aarroe ;  fee  Aaroc. 

Aara,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  province 
of  Hedjas,  25  miles  SW.  Madian. 

Aarau,  fee  Aranu. 

Aavakan^  a  town  of  Aiiatic  Turkey,  in 
the  governmentof Diarbekir,  on  the  Khabur, 
18  miles  SE.llas-ain,  and  53  ENE.  Racca. 
I^ong.  40.  E.     Lat.  36.  21.  N. 

AaHvrg^  or  Aarberc,  a  town  of  Swifr(ir- 
liind,  in  tlie  canton  of  Berne,  fituated  on  an 
illund  formed  by  two  branches  of  the  Aar. 
Tl'.is  towH  with  its  environs  forms  a  baili- 


wick, which  yetpreferves  the  title  of  Comtc 
In  the  franchifes  which  Ulric  the  firft  count 
of  Aarberg  granted  to  the  place  in  1720, 
his  father  Ulric  count  of  Neufchatel  is  cited 
as  the  founder.  Peter  the  grandfon  of  Ulric 
was  one  of  the  nobles  engaged  in  a  war 
againft  the  city  of  Berne  ;  he  kept  and  plun- 
dered the  baggage  committed  to  his  care  at 
the  battle  of  Laupen,  in  1339,  which  decided 
the  war.  From  his  ill  condudt  Peter  was 
compelled  to  mortgage  the  town  and  caff  le 
of  Aarberg  to  the  Bernois,  in  1351.  Hisfon 
Peter  II.  bore  the  title  of  governor  of  the 
Argau  and  Thurgau,  under  the  Duke  of 
Aulfria  ;  and  in  him  the  houfe  of  Aarberg 
became  extintfl  in  1354.  From  the  year 
1397  the  territory  has  been  governed  by  a 
bailiff  from  Berne,  who  refides  in  the  town  ; 
the  ancient  caffle,  v/hich  ffood  on  an  emi- 
nence without  the  Vvalls,  having  been  pulled 
down.  12  miles  NW.  Berne.  Long. -j. 10. 
E.     Lat.  47.  2.  N. 

Aarhiirg^  or  Arbtifg,  a  town  of  Sv/ifTer- 
land,  in  the  canton  of  Berne,  on  the  xlar. 
There  were  ancier.tiv  barons  of  this  name, 
whofe  eftates  palTeQ  to  the  Counts  of  Fri- 
burg,  who  were  forced  to  cede  it  to  the 
Dukes  of  Auflria,  fons  of  the  Emperor  Al- 
bert I.  in  1299.  By  this  family  it  was,  in 
1327,  made  over  to  the  nobles  ofKriechen; 
of  whom  it  was  re-purchafed  by  the  Canton 
of  Berne,  at  the  time  of  the  conqueft  of  the 
Argau,  in  14 15.  ft  is  fortified,  and  defend- 
ed by  a  llrong  caftle  fituated  on  a  rock,  in 
which  is  a  fmall  garrifbn,  commanded  by 
the  bailiff  of  the  diflrid.  27  miles  NNE. 
Berne.    Long.  j.  ^2. F,.  Lai.  47.1:.  1\. 

Aardclsfiord,  a  gulf  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Norway,  in  the  province  of  Stavanger,  and 
a  Httle  to  the  nortii  oftiiattown.  It  isforae- 
times  called  Buckcnfiord. 

Aardeubiirgi  fee  Ardenburg. 

Aurjt,  a  tow^n  of  Norway,  8  miles  S.  Sta- 
vanger, 

Aarhunj,  or  Harhus,  or  Arhiifcn,  a  dio- 
cefe of  Denmark,  in  Nordi  Jutl-ind,  the  ealt 
fide  of  the  peninfula,  towards  the  Cattegat ; 
about  60  miles  in  length,  and  rather  more 
than  30  in  breadth.  The  foil  is  generally 
fertile  :  in  the  interior  of  the  country  ;irc 
many  confiderable  woods  and  lakes,  which 
latter,  as  well  as  tlie  bays  on  the  coaffs, 
abound  in  fifli.  The  principal  river  is  the 
Guden;  the  chief  towns  are  Aarhuus,  Ren- 
ders, Ebcltoft,  and  Scanderborg,  with  304 
pariihcs.  The  {>ilhoprick  was  founded  in 
the  middle  of  the  tenth  century,  but  fup- 
prcffed  during  the  perfecution  of  the  Christ- 
tians  in  980,  the  diftrid  being  annexed  to 
Ripen  till  1065  ;  the  fee  was  brought  back 
to  Aarhuus  by  Sweno  11. 

Aar  bus, or  Harhtis,  or  Arhufen,  a  city  and 
fcaport  of  Denmark,  the  fee  of  a  biihop, 
eredcd  fuit  in  950;  on  a  canal  betwcju  the 


ABA 


ABB 


fea  and  a  large  lake,  which  canal  forms  a  har-  and  enlarged  in  1 725.  It  is  defended  by  can- 

bour,  not  deep,  but   fate  and  commodious,  non,  and  has  always  a  garrifon,     ,^40  miles 

The  town  is  large  and  well  peopled,  pofTefs-  E.  Kolivan,  79 z  ESE.  Tobolfk,     Long.  91, 

ing  a  con{iderable  trade.     48  miles  S.  Aal-  14.  E.     Lat.  54.  N. 

borg.     Lot!?;.  10.  i.'^.E.  Lat.^d.  10.  N.  Ahalak^   a  town  of  Ruflia,   famous  for  a 

Aarof,  a  I'mall  illand  of  Denmark,  in  the  pit^ture  of  the  Virgin  Mary;   much  reforted 

Litde  Belt,  between  Even  and  Slefwick,  with  to  bv  pilgrims.     16  miles  S.  ToboIfl<. 


AhiVi,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  province 
ofKerman,  65  miles  N.  Sirgian. 

Abancay,  a  river  of  Peru,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Maragnon,  about  20  miles  above  its 
jun'ftion  with  the  Apurima.  Long,  73.  14, 
W.  Lat.  la.  8.  S. 

Aban^ay,  or  Abar.gayo,  a  town  of  Peru, 
on  the  river  of  Aban (jay,  and  principal  place 


a  town.  J,o>;g.  9.  4,.  E.  Lai.  t;!;.  16.  N. 

ylaron,  a  fmail  iiland  or  peninfuJa,  on  the 
NW.  coafl:  of  Fiance,  on  which  the  town  of 
St.  Malo  is  built. 

Aaroiillurg,  a  town  of  Pennfylvania,  30 
miles  W.Sunbury.  Lo>ig.  77.3Z.W.  Lat. 
4c.  53.N. 

Aari'jfigai,  ^CQ  Arivaf:gcn. 

Aas,  a  tortrefs  of  Norway,  in  the  country    of  a  jurisdidtion  ;   in   a  country  fertile^  and 
of  Aggerhuus,  20  m.  WSW.  Chriitianfand.      abundant  in  mines.     90  miles  NW.  Cufco. 

Aatas,  a  town  of  Turkeflan,   65   miles    Lat.  11.50.  S. 
SE.  Andegan.  Abancoiirt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 

Aattei\  a  diflrid  of  Arabia,  (ituated  in  the    partment  of  the  North.  3  miles  N.Cambray. 
country  of  Yemen,  about  the  i8th  degree  of       Aban^a,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 

of  Whidah,  22  miles  W.  Sabi. 

Ahavjivar.,  or  Abaaviiuar,  a  province  of 
Upper  Hungary,  which  takes  its  name  from 
a  caffle  about  16  miles  from  CafFovia,  or 
Caflcau,  the  chief  town.  . 

AbanOf  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Paduan, 
anciently  called  Aponum  ;  celebrated  for  its 
warm  baths  :   it  at  prelent  contains  about 


north 

Aha,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Ximo,  6  miles  SSE'.  Nangafaki. 

Aba^  a  mountain  of  Armenia,  whence  the 
rivers  Euphrates  and  Araxes  take  their  fource. 

Aba-Cariuhvi,  a  town  of  AbyfTinia,  -50 
miles  ESE.  Sire. 

Aiach,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  near  the  Da- 
nube, the  birth-place  of  the  Emperor  Henry    3000  inhabitants.    5  miles  SSW.  Padua 


Abarar.er,  or  Abrener;  a  town  of  Perfiaa 
Armenia,  25  miles  E.  Nacfivan. 

_  Abarcal,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira,  15  miles  WNW.  Lamego. 
Abas-abad,  fee  Abbas-abad. 
■Aba/a,  or  Abfa,  a  town  of  European  Tur« 

miles 


II.  Here  is  a  medicinal  fpring,  tfie  v.aters 
of  which  have  thefmell  and  talle  of  rotten 
eggs.  7  miles  SSW.  Ratifbon.  Long,  11. 
57.  E.     y^^/.  48.52.  N. 

Abaco,  or  Liicayotreqiie,  one  of  the  Bahama 
iflands,  about  60  m.iles  long,  and  from  3  to 
•10  broad.  Lc?!g.  77.  4.  W.  Lai.  26.  40.  N.    key,  in  the  province  of  Romania,  15 

Abaccochee,  or  Ccose,  or  H'lgb  Tonv?:  Ri-  SSE.  Adrianople. 
very  a  riyer  of  America,  which  rifes  in  the  Abafcia,  a  country  of  Afia,  bounded  on 
north  of  Georgia,  and  joins  tlie  Oakfulkee  the  north  by  Circaffia,  from  which  it  is  fepa- 
at  Alabama  in  Well -Florida,  when  the  wliole  rated  by  a  branch  of  Mount  Caucafus,  on  the 
liream  takes  the  name  of  Alabama.  Lo?;g.  eafl  by  Mingrelia,  and  elfewhere  by  tiie 
a6.  44.  W.  L<^/.  32.  <;o.  N.     _  Black  Sea  ;  about  120  miles  in  length,  and 

y/ZWij;/,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  fitu-  40  in  breadth.  Sir  John  Chardin  calls  it 
ated  near  the  Schat  al  Arab,  at  its  entrance  Abcas,  and  confiders  it  a  part  of  Circaffia, 
into  the  Perfian  gulf,  40  miles  ESE.  Rafibra.    extending  on  th.c  coaft  of  the   Black  Sea, 


Ahi'-dc;  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  left  bank 
of  theNilc,  o  miles  N.  Abugirge. 

Abafacf?)/,  a  town  of  Abyihnia,  30  miles 
E.  Axum. 

Ahahaner,  a  country  of  Tartarv,  inhabited 
by  the  Monguls,  near  the  Chineie  wall. 

Abarai,  a  country  of  Chineie  Tartary, 
containing  two  ftandards,  which  encamp 
round  fome  lakes.  Lotig.  1 15.  E.  Lat.  44.  N. 

Abai,  a  town  on  NW.  coaft  of  the  illand 
of  Borneo.  Long.  116.  2Z.E.  Lat. 6.  20.  N. 

Abak,  a  river  of  Ruflia,  which  joins  the 
Ifchim  at  Abatzkaia. 

Abakan,  a  river  which  rifes  in  the  moun- 
tains between  China  and  Ruflia,  and  joins  the 
Enifei,  16  miles  S.  Abakanfl<. 
■    Abakanjk,  a  town  of  Rudia,  in  the  govern- 
inentofKolivan,on  theAbakan,bu!lt  in  1707, 

Vol.  I.  B  * 


about  100  miles.  The  manners  of  the  peo- 
ple are  rude  and  barbarous.  VefTels  trade 
there  for  fidns,  Oaves,  and  honey :  there  are 
feveralfeaports :  Anacopia  is  the  chief  town. 

Abajki,  a  town  of  Circaflia,  40  miles  SE, 
Kopiel.  Long.  38.  10.  E.  Lat.  44.  45.  N. 

Abafzhaia,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Tobolfli,  on  the  Ifchim.  128 
miles  SSE.  Tobolfli. 

Abaivi,  i.e.  the  Father  of  Waters;  the 
name  given  to  the  river  Nile  in  AbyfTinia. 

Abb,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  country  of 
Yemen,  on  a  mountain  of  the  fame-  name. 
It  contains  about  800  houfes,  and  is  the  refi- 
dence  of  a  dola  or  governor.  63  miles  NE. 
Mocha.     Long.  44.  15.  E.  Lat.  13.  58.  N. 

Abba  del  Kuria.  a  fmall  idand  in  the  Ara^ 
bian  fea,  50  miies  WSW.  Ijocotra. 


ABB 

Ahlaf-ahad,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irak,  35  miles  NW.  Gnerden. 

Abhas-ahad,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Mazanderan,  5  miles  NE.  Alhref. 

Ahhejiordt  a  fea-port  of  Norway,  {ituated 
on  a  bay  in  the  government  of  Aggerhuus  ; 
48  miles  SW.  Chriftiania.  Lat.  58.  44-  N. 
Abhfnfleter,  or  Butzfleter  Sand,  an  iiland 
in  the  Elbe.  Long.  7. 25.  E.  Lat.  53.  40.  N. 
Abbenfoi,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  dut- 
chy  of  Bremen  :  5  miles  SW.  Buxtehude. 

Abberburyy  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Salop  :  here  was  formerly  a  cas- 
tle; and  an  alien  priory  founded  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  I.  which  was  granted  by  Henry 
VI.  to  All-Souls'  college,  Oxford.  7  miles 
NW.  Shrewfbury.-- 

.^/^/5^r/c;;,  a  village  of  England,  in  the  coun- 
'ty  of  Worcefter,  where  there  are  foinc  me- 
dicinal fprings.     5  miles  N.  Evefham. 

Abbeville,  2.  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  the  Somrne.  It  anciently  belonged 
to  the  Abby  of  Saint  Riquicr,  whence  its 
name;  about  the  year  980  it  was  fortified 
by  Hugh  Capet,  on  accoiint  of  its  advantage- 
ous fituation  on  each  (ide  of  the  navigable 
river  Somme;  after  this  it  flourhhed,  and 
became  the  capital  of  Pontlucu.  Before  tlie 
revolution  it  contained  i?,  pariflies,  and  ie- 
veral  religious  houfcs.  Abbeville  was  the 
native  place  of  Nicholas  Sanfon,  Pierre  Du 
Val,  and  Philip  Briet,  thi  ec  celebrated  geo- 
graphers, lao  miles  NNW.  Paris.  Long. 
1.  55.  E.  Z.rt/.  50.  33.  N. 

Abbeville,  a  county  of  South-Carolina,  in 
North-America. 

Ahbitibbe,  a  lake  of  North-America,  in 
Canada,  330  mites  WNW.  Qiiebec.  J.ong. 
79.  to  80.  W.  Lat.a,%.  40.  to  48.50.  N. 

Abbitibbe,zv\\cx  ot  North-America,  which 

runs  from  the  Abbitibbe  lake  to  Hudlbn'sbay. 

Abbitibbes,  Indians  of  North-America,  lb 

called  from  the  lake  near  which  they  dwell. 

Abbots-Brofnle)\  fee  Bro^nley- Abbots. 

Abbots-Langley,  a  village  of  England,  in 

the  county  of  Hertford;  fo  called  from  its 

being  part  of  the  eftate  of  tlie  Abbot  of  St. 

Alban's.    In  this  place  was  born  Nicholas 

Brakefpear,  aftcrwartls  Pope  Adrian  IV.  io 

miles  NNW.  London. 

Abbotjbury,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Dorfet,  near  the  coalc  of  the  Eng- 
lifh  channel.  It  received  its  name  from  a 
celebrated  abbey,  founded  in  ioz6,  by  Or- 
king,  fteward  to  Canute  king  of  England, 
of  which  but  fniall  remains  exift.  There  is 
a  mfnufa^'ture  of  cotton  ilockings  ;  but  the 
chief  employment  of  the  inhabitants  (whofe 
number  in  1801  was  781)  is  filhing.  The 
market  is  difcontinucd.,  8  miles  WSW. 
Dorchefter,  and  137  W.  London. 

Abby  llland,  a  iinuti  ifland  on  the  fouth- 
weft  coalt  of  Ireland,  in  Kenmare  bay, 
which  at,  low  water  is  joined  to  the  conti- 


A  B  E 

nent.  It  takes  its  name  from  an  abby  found- 
ed on  it  in  the  7th  century,  of  which  there 
are  yet  fome  remains. 

Abby  Milton,  or  Milton  Abbas,  a  village 
of  England,  in  the  county  of  Dorfet ;  fo 
called  from  a  monaftery  of  Benedidines 
founded  by  king  Athelftan;  according  to 
Camden,  to  atone  for  the  murder*  of  his 
brother  Edv/in.  This  houfe  at  the  fuppref- 
fion  was  prefervcd,  and  converted  into  a 
dwelling-houfe,  by  Sir  John  Tregonwell. 
Great  part  of  the  conventual  church  If  ill  re- 
mains ;  but  the  other  parts  v/ere  taken  down 
in  17  7 1,  and  re-built  by  the  Earl  of  Dorches- 
ter, then  Lord  Milton,  ejicept  the  great  hall. 
7  miles  NW.  Blandford,  and  1 10  W.London. 

Abcas,  fee  Abafcia. 

Abcor,  fee  Kur. 

Abcoadc,  a  town  of  Holland,  5  miles  S. 
Amfterdam. 

Abda,  a  province  of  Morocco,  on  the  wefl 
coall:,  towards  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  between 
Cape  Cantin  and  Mogadore. 

Ahdoolgungc,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Benares,  15  miles  N.  Gazypour. 

Abd'ulhoid,  a  townof  Hindooflan,  in  Oude, 
5  miles  N.  Manickpour. 

AbduUna,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Upiva,  bo  miles  NE.  Orenburg. 

Ahdun,  a  tov/n  of  Perfia,  in  Segeffan,  40 
miles  ESE.  Koofliinjee. 

Ahdura,  a  tovv'u  of  Perfia,  in  Segeffan,  30 
miles  ESE.  Koolliinjee. 

Ahea,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Sennaar,  35  miles  SE.  Sennaar. 

Ahead,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  rifcs  near 
.  Tezzut,  in  the  country  of  Algiers,  and  runs 
into  lake  Meigig,  in  Biledulgcrid. 

Aheara,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  province 
ot  Iledjas,  80  miles  N.  Saade. 

Ahcghern,\\  town  ofPeriia,  in  the  province 
of  Farfillan,  30  miles  N,  Schiras. 

Abeik,  a  river  of  Tartary,  which  joins  the 
Sii.un,  and  runs  with  it  into  the  Cafpian  fea. 

Abelin,  a  town  and  caflle  of  Paleftine  ;  a 
heap  of  ruins  gives  the  traveller  reafon  to 
fuppofe  that  it  was  the  ancient  ZabuKm, 
wbich  was  fackcd  and  burnt  by  Ceftus  the 
Roman  general.     8  miles  E.  Acre. 

Abclla,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province- 
of  Cutalynia,  30  miles  N.  Balaguer. 

Abdlad,  a  "fmall  ifland  in  the  Red  Sea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Arabia.     Lat.  19.  59.  N. 

Abcwdiquata,  a  river  of  New  Biunfwick, 
which  runs  into  die  St.  John.  Long.  67.  33. 
W.  Lat.  46.  32.  N. 

Abenakis,  a  town  of  Lower  Canada,  on  the 
river  St.  Fran9ois.  Long.  72. 30.  W.  Lat. 
46.  3.  N.     . 

Abenberg,  a.  town  ofFran^onia,  a  a  miles 
N.  Aichftatt. 

Abenbc'iin,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mount  Tonncno,  4  miles  NW.. 
Worms. 


ABE 


ABE 


Ahenoja,  a  town  of  Spa'n,  in  New  Caftile, 
ao  miles  SW.  Civdad  Real. 

Ahe?trade,  fee  Apenradc'. 

Ahenfper^,  or  Abenjler,^,  a  town  o\.  Bava- 
ria, on  the  Abents  :  20  miles  E.  Ingoldlladt. 
Long.ii.  ^t.E.     /,/?/.  48.  46.  N. 

Abentj,  or  Avihs,  or  Ahjl.,  a  river  of  Ger- 
many, which  runs  into  the  Danube  not  far 
from  Neulladt  in  Ravaria. 

Aberavon,  a  fcaport  town  of  South-Wales, 
in  the  county  of  Glamorgan,  lituated  on  the 
Briftol  channel,  at  the  mouth  of  a  Imall  river 
called  Avon,  with  a  harbour  for  fmall  vefTels. 
Some  large  iron  works  have  lately  been  efta- 
blifhed  there ;  but  the  market  is  difcontinucd ; 
and  the  inhabitants  are  not  more  than  275. 
45  miles  E.  Caermarthen,  and  192  W.Lon- 
don.    Zo;;^.  3.48.  W.     Lat.  s\.2iO.^. 

Aberbrothick,  ox  Arbroath,  a  town  of  Scot- 
land, in  the  county  of  Angus,  on  the  ealtern 
coaft,  near  the  German  fea,  at  the  mouth  of 
a  fmall  river  called  Brothick,  furrounded 
by  an  amphitheatre  of  hills.  It  is  governed 
by  a  provoft,  two  bailies,  dean  of  guild,  and 
a  town  council ;  and,  united  with  Aberdeen, 
Brechin,  Bervie,  and  Montrofe,  fends  one 
member  to  Parliament.  Before  the  year 
17;,6,  Arbroath  was  a  place  of  little  trade, 
and  deftitute  of  manufadures.  Since  that 
time  the  manufadure  of  Ofnaburgs,  and 
other  brown  linens,  has  been  ertabliflied;  as 
likewife  of  fail-cloth,  and  a  particular  kind 
of  brown  Huff,  ufed  chiefly  by  upholfterers 
and  coachmakers;  fo  that  near  jco  looms 
are  employed.  Here  is  likewife  a  tan-yard, 
and  manufacture  of  cotton  and  calicoes. 
The  harbour  is  fmall,  but  commodious 'and 
v/ell  {heltered  ;  the  depth  of  water  is  in  gene- 
ral only  fuflicient  for  vefTels  of  100  tons,  but 
in  fpring  tides  thofe  of  200  tons  may  enter. 
There  belong  to  the  harbour  32  vellels,  in 
the  whole  about  700  tons  burthen,  and  car- 
rying 160  men.  In  the  year  1781  the  town 
was  threatened  by  a  French  privateer  from 
Dunkirk,  and  a  few  fhots  iired ;  but  the  in- 
habitants fpiritedly  fet  the  commander  at 
deliance.  Since  tiiis  a  battery  of  fix  great 
guns  has  been  erefted  to  defend  the  place. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  in  1801  was 
4943,  of  which  1839  were  employed  in 
trade  and  manufactures.  Here  was  one  of 
the  richeft  and  moft  fumptuous  abbies  in 
Scotland,  founded,  in  1178,  bv  William  the 
Lion,  who  was  buried  in  it :  it  was  dedica- 
ted to  ?aint  Thomas  KLckct,  archbifliop  of 
Canterbury,  and  iilled  with  Benedidine 
monks,  brought  from  the  abby  of  Kelfo. 
The  v/alls  of  the  regality  prifon  are  ftill  re- 
maining. 13  miles  S.  Montrofe,  and  473  N. 
London.  Long.  2.  35.  W.  Lat. si-y—  N. 
Aberconivay,  or  Contvay,  a  feaport  town 
of  North-Wales,  in  the  county  of  Caernar- 
von, lituated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Conway. 
It  is  u  town  corporate,  governed  by  an  alder- 


man and  two  bailiffs.    A  great  trade  was 
carried  on  here  formerly,  but  it  is  now  tri- 
fling :  there  is  a  market  on  Friday.    In  1801 
the  number  of  the  inhabitants  was  889.    The 
prefent  town  is  linall,  and  does  not  occupy 
a  third  of  the  ground  inclofed  within  the  old 
walla,  which  are  nearly  perfeift,  and  which, 
together  with  the  caflle,  were  cre<5ted  by 
Edward   1.     The  repeated  infurreftions  o 
the  Welfh  made  the  king  tlnnk  it  necediiry 
not  only  to  repair  fevcraJ  of  his   cafHes  in 
Wales,  but  alfo  to  build  a  tov/n  and  caflle 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Conway,  on  a  fpot 
which  had  formerly  b;,en  fortified  by   llugli 
Earl  of  Chefter,  in  the  time  of  William  the 
Conqueror.  The  fituation  rendered  it  highly 
eligible    for    the   purpofe    of    bridling  fhe 
Welfh,  as  it  commanded  the  river,   and  by 
its  vicinity  to  the  ftrong  pafs  of  Penman- 
maur,  enabled  the  king's  troops  to  occupy 
it  on  the  leaft  commotion ;  thereby  fecuring 
the  road  to  the  mountain  of  Snowdon,  ana 
the  ifle  of  Anglefea.     Here  then,  in  the  year 
1284,  King  Edward  built  the  caflle,  and 
probably  about  the  fame  time  the  town  of 
Aberconway.  Where  the  former  now  flands 
was  an  abby  of  Ciilertian  monks,  founded 
by  Llewellyn  ap  Gcrvas  prince  of  Wales, 
whom  the  king  rf  moved  to  a  monaflery  in 
Denbighfliire,  diflrant  from  thence  about  3 
miles.     23  miles  NE.  Caernarvon,  and  235 
NW. London.  I.o7ig.^.\Y.  Z-7?. 53. 18.N. 
Abercoruy   a  village  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  LinlitJigow.     Here  was  a  monas- 
tery of  Ciftcrtiiins,  founded  by  David  I.  king 
of  Scotland,  in  ii.<o.     It  gives  title  of  mar- 
quis and  earl  to  a  branch  of  the  houfb  of 
Hamilton,  who  have  a  feat  here.    In  1801 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  814.    3  miles 
W.  Quecnsferry. 

Abercorn,  a  town  of  United  America,  in 
the  flate  of  Georgia,  on  the  river  Savannah. 
13  miles  N.  Savannali. 

Ahercouh,  or  Aberkok,  a  town  of  Perfia,  \n 
Farfiflan,  150  miles  SE.Ifpahan,  and  120NE. 
Schiras.  Long.  54. 20.  E.  Lat.  ^o.  ss.  N. 
Abc'>-dir/gy,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Perth.  In  tlie  church-yard  is  a 
monument  of  black  marble  for  William  OJt- 
phant ;  perhaps  that  brave  man,  the  deputy 
governor  of  Stirling  caftle,  who,  whenfum- 
moned  in  tiie  name  of  Edward  I.  to  furren- 
der,  anfwered  tliat  he  had  never  fuorn  fealty 
to  Edward,  but  had  taken  an  oath  to  keep 
the  cafi:le,  and  mull  therefore  wait  the  com- 
mand of  his  fuperior ;  and  who,  when  the 
caftle  wasbeficgcd  by  Edward  in  perfon,  had 
the  courage  to  defend  it  full  three  months, 
though  before  the  commencement  of  the 
fiegethe  retl  of  the  kingdom  had  fubmitted- 
In  this  parilh  was  fought  the  unfortunate 
battle  betv/een  Edvyard  Baliol  and  the  Scot- 
tifli  army,  commanded  by  the  Earl  of  Mar. 
4  miles  S.  Perth. 


ABE 


ABE 


yf^tr/t-f?;;,  a  town  of  Scotland,  and  capital  and  many  of  the  principal  inhabitants  were 

of  the  county  to  which  it  gives  name,  lituated  killed.     The  harbour,  at  the  mouth  of  the 

at  the  mouths  of  the  rivers  Don  and  Dee,  Dee,  was  formerly  injured  and  almoft  block- 

and  divided  into  the  Old  and  New  towns ;  ed  up  by  a  bar  of  fand,  which,  at  the  higheft 

the  former  chiefly  fituated  at  the  mouth  of  tides,  had  never  more  than  13  feet  of  water, 

the  Don,  and  the  latter  at  that  of  the  Dee.  and  was  always  fhifcing  by  the  force  of  if  orms 

It  was  ereded  into  a  royal  burgh  by  Gregory  and  river  floods,  fo  that  few  vtflels  could 

king  of  Scotland,  lir-named  the  Great,  in  the  enter  without  foundings  to  afcertain  the  litu- 

rinth  century;  but  the  original  charter  was,  ation  of  the  bars,  as  well  as  the  depth  of 

with  the  town  itfelf,  burned  by  the  Englifli ;  water.     Thefe  inconveniences  have  been  for 

fo  that  the  oldefl  charter  extant  was  grant-  the  moil;  part  removed  by  the  eredtion,  in 

ed  by  William  the  Lion,  who  had  a  palace  1780,  of  a   pier,  which  extends  1200  feet 


here.  United  with  Aberbrothick,  Montrofe, 
Bervie,  and  Brechine,  it  fends  one  member  to 
Parliament.  About  the  year  1306  or  1307, 
we  are  told  by  Heflor  Boetius,  that  the  citi- 
zens who  had  favoured  Robert  Bruce,  being 
made  defperate  by  the  unwarrantable  beha- 
viour of  the  Englifli  garriibn,  with  a  number 
of  others  furprifedand  putthem  to  the  fword, 
and  deftroyed  the  caftle.  A  party  of  Eng- 
lifli, who  happened  to  be  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, came  immediately  to  revenge  the  dif- 
after ;  but  they  were  met?  and  engaged  by  the 
Aberdonians and  their  aflbciatesin  the  church 
yard  of  St.  Nicholas,  where  the  Englifli  were 
defeated  with  great  flaughter.  In  1333, 
Edward  III.  of  England  fent  a  fleet  of  fliips 
to  ravage  the  eaftern  coaft  of  Scotland,  from 
which  a  body  of  Englifli  troops  landed,  and 


along  tlie  north  fide  of  the  river,  and  a  confl- 
dtrable  way  into  tlie  lea,  at  the  coft  of  about 
18,000].  The  principal  manufafture  of  Aber- 
deen, prior  to  the  yenr  1745,  was  knitted 
Itockings,  which  were  moflly  exported  to 
Holland,  and  from  th'.nce  difperfed  through 
Germany.  After  that  period  the  linen  ma- 
nufadhue  was  introduced,  and  brought  to 
confiderable  perfection.  In  the  article  of 
thread,  particularly  white,  and  coloured 
pound  tlireads,  the  Scotch  Hand  unrivalled. 
Old  Aberdf  en  is  but  a  poor  town ;  the  col- 
lege is  built  round  a  fquare,  with  cloillers  on 
the  fouih  fide.  The  chapel  is  very  ruinous 
within,  but  there  ftill  remains  fome  wood- 
work of  exquilite  workmanfhip.  Hector 
Boethii'.s,  the  firll  principal  of  the  college, 
was  fent  for  from  Paris  to  fill  that  ftation,  at 


by  furprife  attacked  the  town  of  Aberdeen  an  annual  falary  of  forty  marks  Scots,  worth 

in  the  night,  killed  a  great  number  of  the  in-  thirteen  pence  each.     The  fquare  tower  on 

habitants,  and  burnt  and  deftroyed  the  town  the  fide  of  the  college  was  built  by  contribu- 

for  fix  days  together,  in  revenge  for  the  fe-  tions  from  General  Monk,  and  the  officers 

veral  defeats  which  their  countrymen  had  under  him,  then  quartered  at  Aberdeen,  for 

there  received.     In  the  year  1336,  Edward  the  reception  of  fludents ;  of  whom  there 

III.  invaded  Scotland,  and  marched  with  an  are  about  100  belonging  to  the  college,  who 

army  as  far  north  as  Invernefs';  during  which  live  in  it.      The  cathedral  is  very  ancient  ;■ 

time  the  citizens  of  Aberdeen  went  out,  and  no  mere  than  the  two  very  antique  fpires 

.  engaged  a  party  of  Englifh  forces,  who  had  and  one  aifle,  which  is  ufed  as  a  church,  are 

landed  at  Dunnoter,  and  killed  their  general,  now  remaining.   In  the  year  1795,  fixty-one 

In  retaliation,  Edward,  upon  his  return,  at-  Britifli  veire!s,and  twelve  foreign,  arrived  in 

tacked  the  town  of  Aberdeen,  put  the  great-  this  port;  and  eighteen  Britifli,  and  one  fo- 

cft  part  of  the  inhabitants  to  the  fword,  and  reign  vefl'cl,  received  their  cargoes ;  the  for- 

again  burnt  and  deftroyed  the  town  ;  which  mer  amounted  to  about  7000  tons,  the  latter 

'  was  fome  years  after  rebuflt,  and  confider-  to  3250.  The  number  of  inhabitants  in  i8ni 

ably  enlarged.    The  citizens  were  greatly  was  17,597,  of  which  10,450  were  employed 

honoured  by  David  Bruce,  for  their  iteady  in  trade  and  manufaftures.       The  bilhopric 

loyally  and  attachment  both  to  himfelf  and  of  Aberdeen  was  originally  founded  at  Mur- 

his  father.     The  lame  King  David  refided  thlack,  in  the  county  of  BamfF,  by  Malcolm 

for  fome  time  at  Aberdeen,  where  he  eredted  II.  in  the  year  loio,  in  comnK'moration  of  a 


a  m.int,  as  appears  from  pieces  of  money 
coined  there:  and  the  whole  town,  after  be- 
ing rebuilt  as  above,  was  afterwards  called 
the  New  Town  of  Aberdeen,  in  contra-dis- 
tinclion  to  the  Old,  which  had  been  burnt 
down.     In  Septeniber  1644,  during  the  civil 


great  viflory  obtained  by  him  over  the  Danes. 
Beanus  was  by  him  ajipointed  biihop  thereof; 
he  was  the  i;rll  Scotch  prekice  that  had  a 
diocefe  afligned  to  tiim.  This  lee,  having 
continued  12 7' years  at  Murthlack,  was,  iir 
the  year   1137,  tranflated  to  Aberdeen  by 


wars,  the  Marquis  of  Montrofe,  with  about    King  David  I.  who  confirmed  to  it  the  lands 


aooo  men,  approached  Aberdeen,  and  fum- 
moned  it  to  fin  render ;  but  the  magiifrates, 
after  advifiiig  with  Lord  Burleigh,  who  com- 
manded in  the  town  a  force  nearly  equal  in 
»)>;mber  to  the  aflailants,  refufcd  to  comply  ; 
a  battle  cnfucd,  in  whicli  Montrofe  preyaiiedj 


of  Murthlack,  Clovcth,  and  Dunmeth.  Alex- 
ander Kennimouth,  the  lecond  biihop  of  that 
name,  and  lixtcenth  after  th.e  tranflation  of 
the  fee,  fucceeded  about  the  year  1356.  He 
not  thinking  the  church  iuiHciently  beautiful 
for' a  cathedral,  caufcd  it  to  be  pulled  down, 


ABE 

and  laid  the  foundation  of  one  more  magni- 
ficent ;  biit  before  the  work  had  advanced 
fix  cubits  high,  he  was  fent  out  of  the  land  by 
the  king  on  an  embaffy,  and  died  foon  after 
his  return.  The  cathedral  appears  to  have 
remainedunfinilhedtilltheacceffionof  Bifhop 
Henry  Leighton,  in  the  year  1424,  who 
greatly  adv;;nced  that  work,  and  bellowed 
large  fums  of  his  own  for  perfetSting  it.  This 
venerable  pile,  which  fuffered  fo  much  by 
the  Reformation,  did  not  efcape  the  fury  of 
the  covenanters,  in  the  unfortunate  reign  of 
Charles  I. ;  and  there  at  prefent  remain  only 
the  two  ipires,  m  feet  high,  and  the  nave. 
TheKing's  college,  a  neat  and  ftatel y  edifice, 
is  fituated  in  Old  Aberdeen.  It  was  found- 
ed, and  chiefly  built,  by  Bifliop  Elphinflon, 
in  the  year  1500;  but  King  James  IV.  taking 
the  patronage  upon  him,  it  was  called  the 
King's  college,  and  endowed  by  Pope  Alex- 
ander VI.  widi  as  ample  privileges  as  the 
colleges  of  Paris  and  Bologna.  There  are 
in  this  college  a  principal,  a  fub-principal, 
(who  is  alio  one  of  the  regents,)  three  other 
regents,  profefTors  of  philolijphy,  humanity, 
divinity,  phyfic,  Oriental  tongues,  civil  law, 
and  mathematics.  In  New  Aberdeen  flands 
the  Marfhal  college,  founded  by  George  Earl 
Marlhal  in  the  year  1593,  to  which  the  city 
has  added  many  buildings  at  their  own 
charge.  This  college,  which  is  a  diftind 
univerfity  of  itfelf,  contains  a  principal,  pro- 
feflbrs  of  philofophy,  divinity,  mathematics, 
and  phyfic.  It  poffeffes  a  good  library,  wliich 
was  founded  by  the  city,  enlarged  by  the 
gifts  of  feveral  learned  men,  and  furnifiTed 
with  mathematical  inll:ruments.  In  this  city 
is  alfo  a  grammar-fchool,  founded  by  Dr. 
Dune ;  and  a  mufic  fchool.  A  prifon  and 
a  workhoufe  belong  to  the  town,  an  alms- 
houfe,  and  three  hofpitals.  The  market- 
place is  beautiful  and  fpacious,  and  the 
llreets  adjoining  are  handfome.  126  miles 
N.Edinburgh,  510 N.London.  Long.  2.  3. 
W.     LaL  s7.6.'N. 

/Iberdeeiijhire,  or  Man;  a  maritime  coun- 
ty of  Scotland,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
county  of  BamfFand  the  Frith  of  Murray;  on 
the  eaft  by  the  German  fea;  on  the  fouth  by 
the  countiesof  Kincardine,  Forfar,and  Perth; 
and  on  the  weft  by  the  counties  of  Invernels 
and  Bamff :  extending  nearly  83  miles  in 
length  from  north-eafl  and  fouth-weff,  and 
from  10  to  40  in  breadth.  There  arc  feveral 
fubdivifions;  as  Marr,  the  ancient  name  of 
the  county,  to  the  fouth  ;  Strathbogie,  to  the 
weft;  and  Buchan,  to  the  north;  Garioch, 
Tormarton,  and  Alford:  and  it  contains  in 
the  whole  98  pariOies.  The  fouthern  and 
weftcrn  parts  of  the  county  are  mountainous, 
and  not  ib  well  inhabited  as  the  ealt.  The 
foil-,  when  well  cultivated,  is  fruitful,  and 
produces  good  corn :  the  hills  abound  in 
timber,  particularly    oak  and  firj  and  the 


ABE 

yallies  afford   excellent  pafturage.    Th6^ir 
is  plenty  of  game,  black  cattle,  fhecp',  deer, 
and  horfes.     There  are  quarries  of  fjxittcd 
marble,  lime-flone,   and  flate.    The   chief', 
rivers  are  the  Dee,  Don,  Ycdian,  Ugy,  and-^ 
Devon.    The  principal  towns  are  Aberdeen,,, 
(the  capital,)  Old  Aberdeen,  the  two  ro-^^d' 
boroughs  of  Inverary  and  Kintore,  Frr.ier- 
burgh.  Old  Meldrum,  Peterhead,  and  Tur- 
refF.     The  principal  mountains  are  the  Scar- 
cough, in  the  fouth-weft,  bordering  on  Perth- 
fhire,  one  of  which,  from  whence  the  refl 
are  named,   meafiares  3412  feet  in  height; 
Mount  Battock,    on  the  borders  of  Kinc;tr- 
dinefhire,  3465  feet ;  and  the  Mormouth  hills 
on  the  notth-eall  coaft,  not  far  from  the  fea. 
Great  improvemicnts  have  been  made  in  this 
county,  and   manufadures   have  advanced 
very  rapidly.     It  fends  one  m.ember  to  Par- 
liament.   In  1 801,  the  number  of  inhabitants 
was   123,082,   of  which   27,699  were  em- 
ployed in  tradeand  manufadures,  and43,o44 
in  agriculture. 

Aberdour,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  thecoun-  ■ 
ty  of  Fife.  It  has  a  fmall  harbour  for  veffels 
chiefly  employed  in  the  coafting  trade,  and 
is  fituated  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  tho 
Frith  of  Forth.  The  number  of  inhabitants 
in  1801  was  1260,  whofe  principal  bufinefs 
is  the  manufadure  of  coarfe  cloth,  ticking, 
and  hufbandry  tools.  7  miles  E.  Dumfern- 
line.     Z,5//j.  3.  18.  VV.     Z.^/.  56.  3.N. 

Ahcrdoiir,  a  fmall  fifhing-town  of  Scot- 
land, in  the  county  of  Aberdeen.  The  har- 
bour, formerly  ufiid  by  vefiels  to  winter  in, 
has  been  ruined  by  ncglcft.  Near  the  town 
are  the  remains  of  an  ancient  caftle,  called 
Dundargue,  which,  in  1336,  was  held  by  the 
Earl  of  Buchan  for  the  Englifh,  and  was 
taken  by  the  regent  Murray.  In  1801  the 
number  of  inhabitants  was  1304.  8  miles 
W.  Fraferburg,   and  14  E.  Barr^ff.     L,r,ng. 

2.  7.  W.      /><://.  57.  37.  N. 

Aberford.,  or  Abcrforth^  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  v/ell  riding  of  Yorkfliire;  the 
number  of  inhabitants  is  about  650,  and  their 
principal  trade  is  making  of  pins  :  it  has  a  ■ 
market  on  WednefJay.  184  miles  N.  Lon- 
don, 7 1  S.  "Weatherby. 

Abcrfrai':,  or  Aherfronv,  a  town  of  Nordr- 
Wales,  in  the  illand  of  Anglefea,  near  the 
lea,  on  a  river  navigable  for  veffels  of  30  or 
40  tons  burthen;  once  the  refidence  of  the  • 
princes  of  North-Vv''ales.  The  chief  em- 
ployment of  the  inhabitants  is  fifhing.  Their 
number  936.  i?  miles  ESE.  Holyhead,  263 
WNW.  London. 

Abe?-gavc?!ny,  a  town  of  England,  in  die 
county  of  Monmouth,  fituated  m  a  rich  and 
beautiful  vale,  on  a  fmall  river  called  Gaven- 
ny,  near  its  union  with  the  Uflc,  over  which 
is  a  bridge  of  15  arches.-  It  was  fcu!:dcd  in 
the  eleventh  century,  and  once  furrounded 
with  walls.     The  mountains  in  the  ncigii- 


ABE 

boiirliood  abound  in  coal,  iron  ore,  and 
limeftone.  The  town  is  handfome  and  well 
bulk,  but  the  ftreets  are  in  general  narrow 
and  ill  paved ;  it  is  governed  by  a  corpora- 
tion, conliiling  of  a  bailiff,  recorder,  and 
burgefles.  The  chief  trade-is  in  flannels, 
which  are  manufactured  by  country  people 
at  their  own  homes,  and  brought  here  to  lell. 
The  market  is  on  Tuefday.  Here  was  a 
priory  founded  by  Hamelin  Baleon,  or  Bala- 
dun,  companion  to  William  the  Conqueror, 
which  by  one  of  his  fucceffors  was  given  as 
a  cell  to  the  Benedifline  abby  at  Lc  Mans 
On  the  fouth  lide  of  the  town,  about  a  hun- 
dred yards  from  the  river  Uf]<,  are  die  re- 
mains of  a  caille.  It  is  at  prefent  extremely 
ruinous;  though  Leland,  in  his  Itinerary, 
calls  it  a  fair  eaftle.  The  part  remaining^ 
appears  to  have  been  built  fince  the  reign  of 
Henry  II.  when,  according  to  Leland's  Col- 
leftanea,  it  was  taken  by  the  Welfn.  This 
eaftle,  fays  Camden,  has  been  oftener  ftain- 
cd  with  the  infamy  of  treachery  than  any 
other  in  Wales.  According  to  Caradoc's 
Hiftory  of  Wales,  in  the  year  i  lyz  this  cas- 
tle was  furpriied  by  Sitfylht  ap  Dyfnwal  and 
Jefan  ap  Sitfylht  ap  Riryd,  (two  Welih  com- 
manders,) who  made  the  whole  garrifon  pri- 
foners.  And  the  fame  hiftorian  relates,  that 
it  was  again  taken  in  the  reign  of  King  John, 
about  the  year  1215,  by  Llewellyn  prince  of 
Wales,  notwitliftanding  the  anathema  of  the 
Pope,  to  whom  that  king  by  his  fubmilTion 
had  reconciled  h:mfe!f.  The  prefent  pro- 
prietor of  this  eaftle  is  Lord  Abergavenny. 
Abe-gavenny  had  anciently  three  churches, 
there  are  now  only  two ;  and  one  of  thefe, 
dedicated  to  St.  John,  is  almoft  in  ruins. 
St.  Mary's  church  contains  monuments  of 
the  Brcofe  family ;  of  William  Earl  of  Pem- 
broke, who  was  taken  at  the  battle  of  _  Ban- 
bury, and  beheaded  at  Northampton,  in  the 
year  1469;  &c.  Eaftof  the  town  is  Skirid- 
vaur,  or  St.  Michael's  Mount,  on  the  weft 

Eoint  of  which  is  a  chafm,  pretended  to  have 
ten  made  at  the  Crucifixion,  and  much  re- 
forted  to  by  devotees,  who  bring  avv'ay  the 
earth  in  handkerchiefs,  and  even  m  carts,  to 
lay  oil  their  fields.  The  nuniber  of  inhabi- 
tants in  1801  v/as  2573.  4.s  miles  W.  Glo- 
ccfter,  and  143  W.  London.  Long.  3.  W. 
Z^z/.  51.  47.  N. 

Abcrgejnent,  U,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Doubs,  on  a  lake.  8  miles 
S.  Pontarlicr. 

Ahergenient  le  Due,  //,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  die  Cute  d'Or.  10 
miles  E.  Beaune. 

Jlbergeincnt,  Le  Grand.,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Ain.  8  miles  S. 
jNTantua.  ' 

j'!hi:igiicy,  a  fmall  feaport  town  of  North- 
"V^'alcs,  in  the  county  of  Denbigh,  on  the 
|jL*h  fea,  much  frequented  for  fea-bathin^. 


ABE 

In  iSoi,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  174?. 
I  a  miles  E.  Aberconwav,  and  z2,o  NW. 
London.     Long.  3.  40.  W.  Lat.  53. 16.  N. 

Abergnvilb;,  a  village  of  South- Wales,  in 
the  county  of  Cacrmarthen,  where  the  bifhop 
of  St.  David's  has  a  palace.  The  church  was 
made  collegiate  by  Edmund  Beke  bifhop  of 
St.  David's,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.;  the 
revenues  were  bv  Henry  VIII.  transferred  to 
a  college  at  Brecknock,  a  m.  E.Caermarthen. 

Akerkondy,  the  ancisntnamcof  Brecknock. 

Ahcrlady,  a  feaport  town  of  Scotland,  in 
the  county  of  Haddington,  fiitiatedin  a  bay 
on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  Frith  of  Forth,  12  m. 
E.Edinburgh.  Long.  z.  53.W.  Lat.  j6.i.N. 

Aberhnnyy  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Angus,  v/kere  fome  ancient  obe- 
lill<s  were  found,  fuppofed  to  have  been 
erefted  in  memorial  of  a  viclory  obtained 
over  the  Danes.     4  miles  S.  Brechin. 

Abernetky,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Perth,  Jituated  at  the  junftion  of 
the  Ern  and  the  Tay.  It  vv^as  once  the  capi- 
tal of  the  Pids;  and  the  fee  of  a  blftiop  me- 
tropolitan of  Scotland,  which  continued  till 
the  year  840,  w'hen  it  was  bv  Kenneth  III, 
transferred  to  St.  Andrev/'s.  Here  was  a  con- 
vent cf  Ci'.idees,  changed,  in  1272,  to  a  pri- 
ory of  canons  regular.  This  place  is  moll 
remarkable  for  having  one  of  thofe  tall  flen- 
der  conical  towers,  of  which  there  is  only 
one  more  in  Scotland,  that  is  at  Brechin,  al-t 
though  they  abound  in  Ireland;  but  their 
date,  and  the  ufe  for  which  they  were  con- 
ftrufied,  remain  ftill  doubtful,  notwithftand- 
ing  the  refearches  and  inveftigation  of  anti- 
quaries. By  fome  they  have  been  deemed 
watch-towers,  for  difcovering  invaders  at  a 
diftance,  and  communicating  by  fignals  their 
approach :  others  conceive  them  to  have 
been  belfries,  introduced  by  fome  of  the  cru- 
faders  in  imitation  of  the  minaretsofmofques, 
from  whence  the  criers  fummoned  the  peo- 
ple to  prayers;  and  this  they  think  receives 
fome  countenance  from  the  Culdecs,  the 
ancient  religious  order  in  Scotland,  being  at- 
tached to  the  ceremonies  of  the  Greek 
church.  Some  have  fuppofed  them  peniten- 
tiary towers,  the  refidence  of  a  fort  of  her- 
mits, imitators  of  Simon  Stylites.  All  thefe 
conjctilures  are  fupported,  as  ufual,  by  ety- 
mologies. With  refpcd  to  the  inft  fuppo- 
fition,  it  is  objeded  that  they  cannot  have 
been  meant  for  watch-tovv'ers,  fince  they  are 
not  always  placed  on  elevated  fituations, 
commanding  an  uninterrupted  profpecf 
around  them  ;  but,  on  the  contrary,  are  fre- 
quently covered  by  commanding  hills,  par- 
ticularly towards  that  fide  from  wh<;nce 
danger  was  moft  probable.  That  they  were 
imitations  of  minarets  feems  extremely  im- 
probable; the  detefbition  in  which  every 
article  and  circumftance  of  Pagan  worfliip 
was  held  by  the  crufaders,  makes  it  fcarcefy 


A  B  H 


A  B   I 


poflible  they  would  introduce  any  of  tlicm 
into  the  Chriftian  church.  And  for  the  ar- 
gument deduced  from  the  Culdees  following 
the  ceremonies  of  the  Greek,  church,  it  re- 
mains to  be  proved  that  the  Greeks  ufed 
minarets;  befides,  it  is  generally  held  there 
were  no  Culdees  in  Ireland.  The  third  opi- 
nion, namely,  that  there  were  penitential  y 
towers,  feeras,  on  the  whole,  moil  prev.i- 
lent.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants 
was  i.'i^j.     4  miles  SE.  Perth. 

Ahernetbyy  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Murray,  24  miles  S.Forres. 

Aberndky  Water,  a  river  of  Scotland, 
which  runs  into  the  Spey,  near  Abernethy, 
in  Murraylhire. 

Aheryst'vcith,  a  feaport  town  of  South- 
Wales,  in  Cardigan  (hire,  fituated  on  an  eafy 
eminence  near  the  fca,  at  the  mouths  of  two 
rivers,  Yftwitli  and  Ryddol;  but  the  bar  of 
the  haven  being  feldom  pailable  for  large 
veflcls,  it  is  not  a  place  of  much  trade.  There 
are  fome  accommodations,  and  the  declivity 
being  eafy  and  tegular  on  a  fandy  bottom 
is  convenient  for  bathing.  In  1801,  the  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  was  17.?  8.  It  was  an- 
ciently furrounded  with  walls,  part  of  which 
remain ;  but  all  the  facing  Itones  are  re- 
moved. 4-  caille  was  built  here  by  Gilbert 
Strongbow,  as  early  as  the  year  1 107,  which 
was  deftroyed  in  the  year  1142;  and  the 
prefent  ftrudure  v/asereded,  with  penniiTion 
of  Prince  Llewellyn,  by  Edward  I.  in  1277, 
a  few  years  before  his  conquell  of  the  coun- 
try. A  regular  modern  ravelin  is  advanced 
before  the  gateway,  which  was  perhaps 
thrown  up  in  the  protectorlliip  of  Cronnvell. 
The  remains  now  exilling  are  only  one 
gothic  tower,  which  ferves  as  a  feu-mark. 
A  long  ftone  bridge  of  nine  arches  is  built 
over  the  Ryddol;  on  the  other  fide  of  which 
is  a  fteep  hill,  where  Grithth  ap  Rhys  en- 
camped in  the  year  iirji,  and  from  which 
he  was  induced  by  a  manoeuvre  to  defcend, 
and  pafs  over  the  bridge,  when  his  troops 
were  furrounded  by  the  Engliih,  who  had 
been  befieged  by  them  within  the  town,  and 
cut  ofFalmoft  to  a  man.  In  1404,  the  caftle 
was  taken  by  Owen  Glendower.  96  miles 
W.  Worcefter,  and  208  W.  London.  Long. 
4.  20.  W.     Lat.  52.  17.  N. 

Ahejlad,  fee  Afivejiad. 

Abcx,  a  country  of  Upper  Ethiopia;  from 
its  lituation,  bordering  on  the  Red  Sea,  call- 
ed the  coaft  of  Abex.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
eait  by  the  Red  Sea,  on  the  ibuih  by  Abyf- 
linia,  on  the  weft  by  AbylTmia  and  Nubia, 
and  on  the  north  by  mountains,  which  fcpa- 
rate  it  from  Egypt.  It  extends,  by  the  well 
ilde  of  the  Red  Sea,  from  the  17th  to  the 
24th  degree  nearly  N.  Lat. 

AbghcvT.i,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.  25  miles  NNW.  Gnerden.  150 
ENE.  Ispah,iQ. 


Ahhr,  fee  Ehhcr. 

Ahhofii'^ur,  a  town  of  Thibet,  on  the  left 
bank  oV the  Ganges.  ijomilesNlSW.  Siri- 
nagur. 

Ahi  Atrak,  a  river  ofPerfia,  which  croffcs 
the  province  of  Zaweh,  and  runs  into  the 
Cafpian  lea,  jo  miles  NW.  Afhor. 

Ahi  Alufa,  fee  Buvicfa. 

Ab/ad,  a  town  of  Abyffinia.  30  milus 
ESE.  Serka. 

Abiad,  fee  Bahr  Abiad. 

Abiagrajfo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Olona,  on  a  navigable  canal 
made  from  the  Tedno  to  Milan.  12  miles 
SW.  Milan,  and  16  NW.  Pavia.  Long.  8. 
55.  E.     Z/^^45.24.N. 

Ah'iar  Alana,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  th« 
province  of  Hedjas.     33  miles  W.  Ailah, 

Aoi'd,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Yemen.     12  miles  S.  Doran. 

Abighetm,  fee  Ahgherm. 

AbUd,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
of  Halland.     20  miles  N.  Ilelmftat. 

Abin,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Arabia  Felix, 
in  the  country  of  Yemen.    60  m.  NE.  Aden. 

Abingdon,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Berks,  lituated  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Ock  and  the  Thames.  Its  ancient  name  was 
Sheovefliam,  which  was  changed  on  account 
of  an  abby  founded  there  by  Cifl'a  king  of 
the  Well-Saxons.  But  this  abby  had  not 
flourilhed  long  before  it  was  deftroyed  by 
the  Danes.  It  recovered  by  the  liberality  of 
King  Edgar,  and  was  called  Abandune,  /.  e. 
Ahbatt!  oppidum.  Abingdon  is  a  place  of 
conhderable  trad:-,  much  afilfted  by  the  river 
Thames,  navigable  for  barges,  which  c;irry 
goods,  tfpccially  malt  and  corn,  to  London. 
Here  is  likewife  a  manufacfure  of  fail-cloth 
and  facking.  It  is  governed  by  a  mayor 
and  aldermen;  contains  two  pariili churches, 
betides  places  of  worlliip  for  difienters;  and 
has  two  markets  weekly,  on  Monday  and 
Friday,  toll-free.  It  fends  one  member  to 
parliament.  The  fummcr  aflizes  tor  the 
county  of  Berks  are  held  here,  and  the  poll 
taken  for  the  knights  of  the  fliire.  Here 
was  formerly  a  convent  of  black  nuns,  called 
Helenftow,  founded  in  the  year  680  by  Cilia, 
fifter  of  Cadwalla  king  of  Welfex ;  deftroyed 
by  the  Danes,  and  afterwardi  removed  to 
Witharn,  about  10  miles  north  fiom  Abing- 
don, where  the  foundrefs  prclided  as  abbeis. 
In  the  war  between  Offa  and  Kenulph,  the 
nuns  left  it;  and  a  caftle  was  built  there  by 
Offa,  v.  1)0  defeated  Kenulph,  and  made  hira- 
felf  mailer  of  his  dominions.  The  houfe  at 
Abingdon  v/as  re-founded,  in  1553,  by  Sir 
John  Mafon,  for  thirteen  poor  men  and  wo- 
men, and  named  Chrift's  ilofpital.  In  the 
market-place,  which  is  a  handfomc  fquare, 
was  formerly  an  elegant  crols,  built  by  the 
brotherhood  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.  and 
deniolilhed  in  the  civit  wars.    The  market- 


ABO 


A  B  R 


houfe  is  a  ftately  building.  In  iSoi,  the  po- 
pulation was  4356,  of  which  1847  were  em- 
ployed in  trade  and  manufadures.  6  miles 
S.Oxford,  and  56  WNW.  London.  Long. 
3.  16.  W.    /y«r.  51.  40.  N. 

jlbhjgdon,  a  town  in  United  America,  in 
the  ftate  of  Maryland. 

Abion,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Sweden,  in  the  bay 
ofSundfwall. L.o?lg.■^,^.^^.Y^.  Lat.h^.^t,^- 

Abira,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Kerman,  68  miles  ESE.  Sirgian. 

Ahrrelcara,  a  town  of  Egypt,  a6  miles 
KE.  Cairo. 

Abifconn,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Chorafan, 
on  the  river  of  the  fame  name,  10  miles 
N.  Aftarabat,  and  40  W.  Jorjan.  Long.  54. 
5.E.    Lat.  27- lo.'N. 

Abifcomty  a  river  of  Perfia,  which  pafTes 
by  Jorjan  into  the  Cafpian  fea,  about  ao 
miles  W.Abifcoun. 

Abifoy  or  Abijp,,  a  river  of  Sicily,  wliich 
rifes  near  Palazzuola,  in  the  valley  of  Noto, 
where  it  is  called  Ateltara  or  Atellari ;  and 
takes  the  name  of  Abifo,  a  little  before  it 
falls  into  the  fea  between  Syracufe  and  Cape 
Paflaro. 

Abiverd,  or  Baverd,  a  town  bf  Perda,  in 
the  province  of  Chorafan,  240  miles  NNW. 
Herat,  and  350  SSW.  Samarcand.  Long. 
76.  E.     Lilt.  38.  16.  N. 

Abkur'en,  a  river  of  Perfia,  which  runs  ioto 
the  Bend-Emir,  14  miles  SE.  Baiza. 

Ahlac,  or  Ablach,  a  river  of  Germany, 
which  runs  into  the  Danube,  near  Scheer, 
in  the  circle  of  Swabia. 

Ablak,  Al,  fee  Zima. 

Ablaket,  a  town  of  Rufiian  Tartary,  in  a 
ftate  of  decay,  on  a  fiver  of  the  fiime  name. 
J40  miles  SE.  Tobolflc.  Long.  8z.  14.  E. 
Lat.  49-.  20.  N. 

Ablaket,  a  river  of  Rufiian  Tartary,  Vv'hich 
runs  into  the  It  tifch,  near  Kamenogorfka. 

Ablis.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Seine  and  Oife.  7  miles  W.  Dourdan. 

Abiltasi  a  to\'.Ti  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Navarre.     9  miles  S.  Tudclla. 

Ablon,  a  tbv.-n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Paris.     10  miles  8SE.  Paris. 

Abntib,  n  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Nile.  7  miks  S.  Kcne,  and  13 
N.  Kous."     • 

Abo,  a-  feaport  town  of  South-Finland,  and 
capital  of  the  province,  with  a  college  and 
univerfity  ;  erciffcd  into  a  bifliopricin  1226; 
the  inhabiiants  carry  on  a  conliderable  tracie 
in  iinen,  corn,  timber,  provilions,  &c.  In 
1 713,  it  was  taken  by  the  Rullians,  who  com- 
mitted great  diforders  whilft  they  remained 
maficrs  of  the  place  till  1720.  Peter  carried 
away  the  library.  In  1  741,  the  Swcdiih  ar- 
my laid  dov/n  their  arms  to  the  Rullians, 
Vv'hen  Abo  and  ail  Finland  were  ceded  to 
Rullia.  In  1743,  the  city  and  part  of  the 
province  were  ruloieJ  by  tlic  peace,  cJlcd 


the  Peace  of  Abo.    Long.  iz.  7.  E.    Laf. 

60.  28.  N. 

Abo,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country  of 
Fezzan,  inhabited  by  a  people  called  the 
Tibboo.  130  miles  SE.  Mourzouk.  Long, 
16.  ,!;;•  E.     Lat.  26.  20.  N. 

Aboary,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  coail  of 
Guinea,  about  6  miles  from  Anta. 

Abckna,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Sennaar:  30  miles  SE.  Giefira. 

Abonhj,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  Da- 
homey.    Long.<s.y;.  E.     Lat.  7.  so.  N. 

Abondanc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Leman,  fituated  on  the  river 
Drance.    3  miles  from  Geneva. 

Aboras,  fee  Araxes. 

Aborlan,  a  town  of  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Paraguay.  Z-i?;?^.  118.45.E.  Lat. 
9.5.  N. 

Aboro,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdorn 
of  Acra,  on  the  Gold  Coall,  whers  is  a  grand 
market  for  gold,  ivory,  wax.  Sec. 

Aborrono,  a  country  or  diftrift  of  Africa^ 
on  the  Gold  Coaft,  near  the  river  of  Cobra. 

Aboitcais,  a  mountain  of  Arabia,  in  the 
province  of  Hedjas,  where,  according  to  a 
tradition  of  the  Mulllilmen,  Adam  was  bu- 
ried.    -5  miles  flora  Mecca. 

Aboiitllona,  a  lake  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia,  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain  anciently 
called  Olympus.  This  lake  is  above  25  miles 
in  circumference,  and  contains  feveralillands> 
On  the  largefl,  alfo  called  Abouillona,  is  a 
village  bearing  the  llime  name,  which  fome 
modern  travellers  take  to  be  Apollonia,  once 
a  city  of  great  note,  till  the  time  of  Alexis 
Comnenus,  when  it  was  taken  and  deftroyed 
by  the  Turks.     18  miles  SW.  Buria. 

Aboukir,  fee  Abukir. 

Aboura,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
Coall. 

Ahoufaid,  or  Bafaitc,  a  town  of  Egypt,  irj 
the  Elwahor  the  Greater  Oafis.  105  miles 
WSW.Girge.  Long. 30.  lo.E.  Lat.  25 .  47.N. 

Aboiitbejy,d.x.o\v'[\  of  Paleitine, near  Saphet. 

Aboiitig,  fee  Abutlg. 

Abra,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  province 
ofNedsjed.     20  miles  NW.  Jamanui. 

Abra,  a  town  V''i  Afric;-,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Sennaar.     60  miles  WIN  VV.  Gielim. 

Abraha?n,  Heights  of,  the  rocky  and  pre- 
cipitous bank  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in 
Canada,  mounted  by  the  gallant  V.'clf  and 
his  men,  in  1759,  to  the  attack  of  the  city  of 
Quebec,  which  the  heights  commanded. 

~Abravibo,  a  town  ot  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
Coa(f.     27  miles  from  the  fea. 

Abr antes y  a  town  or  city  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Elbamadura,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Tagus.  On  account  of  the  im- 
portancc  cf  its  lltuation  for  the  protedion 
of  the  province  of  Elbamadura,  this  town 
was  lortilied  by  order  of  Peter  II.  It  con- 
tains four  parilli   churches,   an  hofpitul,  a 


A  B  R 


ABU 


poor-houfe,  four  convents,  and  about  .^500 
inhabitants.  The  environs  are  delightful, 
and  famcms  for  the  excellence  of  its  fruit. 
64  miles  NE.  Lifbon.  hong.  7.  ^$.  W.  Lat. 
39.  ai.  N. 

Abrega.,  a  town  of  Iflria,  10  miles  N. 
Rovigno. 

Ahretjha,  a  town  of  the  iHand  of  Cyprus. 
16  miles  NNE.Baffa. 

Ahrenar,  fee  Abara-ner. 

Abretsy  Les,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ifcrc.  3  miles  W.  Pont  de 
Beauvoilin.  Long.  5.  41.  E.  Laf.  45.  33.  N. 

Abrewas,  a  town  of  England,  in  StalFord- 
flilre,  on  the  Trent,  with  956  inhabitants. 
6  miles  NE.  Lichfield. 

Ahriz,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
province  of  Caramania.  27  milesESE.  Erekli. 

Abrobanjay  or  Ahrugkania,  a  town  of 
Tranfilvania,  and  capital  of  a  county  or  dis- 
trii5t  of  the  fame  name.  20  miles  WNW. 
Wcifenburg.  Long.^^.\o.Y..  Laf. 46.20.!^. 

Abroko,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Soke,  on  the  Gold  Coalf. 

Abrolhos,  a.  fhoal  or  bank  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  near  the  coaft  of  Brazil.  Long.  38. 
50.  W.  Lat.  18.22.S. 

Ahrouy  a  river  of  France,-  which  runs  into 
the  Acolin,  a  little  before  its  conflux  with 
the  T.oire. 

Abruzzo,  a  country  of  Italy,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Naples,  anciently  inh.abited  by  the 
Sabines  and  the  Samnites.  It  is  now  divided 
into  Abruzzo  Citra,  and  Abruzzo  Ultra,  the 
river  Pefcara  being  the  boundary. 

Abruzzo  Citra,  or  Abruzzo  on  this  side  of 
the  Pefcara,  a  province  of  Naples.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  north-v/eft  and  weft  by  the 
Abruzzo  Ultra,  on  the  north-eaft  by  the 
Adriatic  Sea,  on  the  fouth  and  fouth-weft 
by  the  Molife,  and  on  the  fouth-weft  by  the 
province  of  Lavora.  The  principal  towns, 
Chieti,  Lanciano,  both  archbifhoprics  ;  Sul- 
mona,  Civita  Borella,  Ortona-a-mare,  billiop- 
rics;  Pefcara,  Francavilla,  &c.  Befidcs  the 
Appenine,  there  are  two  other  mountains, 
called  Monte  Maiella  and  Monte  Cavallo. 
The  rivers  are  the  Pefcara,  Lenta,  Foro,  Mo- 
ro,  Feltrino,  Sangro,  Alinella,  and  Trigno. 
The  air  is  cold,  but  falubrious  ;  the  tops  of 
the  mountains  are  always  covered  with  Inov/. 
The  land  is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat, 
rice,  and  other  grain,  v.inc,  oil,  fruit,  and 
abundance  of  laffron.  In  the  woods  are  a 
great  number  of  deer,  v/olves,  and  bears. 

Abruzzo  Ultra,  or  Abruzzo  beyond  the 
Pefcara,  is  bounded  on  the  north-weft  by 
the  marquifate  of  Ancona  and  the  dutchy  of 
Spoleto,  on  the  f(.)uth-welf  by  the  Sabina 
and  the  Campagna  di  Roma,  on  the  fouth- 
eaft  by  Abruzzo  Citra,  and  on  the  north- 
eaft  by  the  Adriatic  Sea.  The  principal 
towns  are  Aquila,  i/iie  capital,)  Atri,  Campii, 
Civita  di  Pcnna,  Teramo,  and  Civita  di  Calii, 


or  Civita  Ducale.  The  five  firft  are  bKliops'' 
fees.  The  country  is  cold  and  mountainous, 
being  crofled  by  die  Appcnines  ;  but  fertile 
in  corn,  huit,  lafrion,  and  hemp;  and  nou- 
rlOies  a  great  number  of  animals,  both  wild 
and  tame.  The  rivers  arc  the  VeUno,  Tu- 
rano,  Garigliano,  Tronto,  Piomba,  Nora, 
and  Pefcara. 

Abs,  an  ancient  town  of  France,  fn-merly 
the  capital  of  the  Vivarais,  and  the  izt.  of  a 
bifhop ;  now  little,  befides  ruins,  remains  of 
its  ancient  grandeur.  8  miles  NW.  Viviers. 
Absdorf,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
ofChrudim.     8  miles  ESE.  Lcutmifchl. 

Abjherofi,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  province 
of  Schirvan,  on  a  point  of  land  which  forms 
a  harbour  in  the  Cafpian  Sea.  12  miles  E. 
Baku,  and  60  ESE.  Scamachie. 

Abjhirin,  a  river  ofPeriia,  which  runs  inta 
the  Perfian  gulf,  near  Bender  Rigk. 
Abf,  fee  Ahents. 

Abftcinach,  a  town  of  Germanv,  in  the 
circle  of  the  Lower  Rhine.  7  miles  NNE. 
Heidelberg. 

ylbflorff,  a  town  of  Auftria,  7  miles  S. 
Sonnebcrg. 

Abfiorff,  a  town  of  Auftria,  on  the  Zeya. 
5  miles  E.  ZiftersdorfF. 

Ahjtotten,  a  town  of  the  archdutchy  of 
Auftria.     4  miles  S.  Tuin. 

Abfn.^angen,  a  town  of  PrufTia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Natangen.  iz  miles  S.  Konigftjerg. 
Abtenau,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  arch- 
bifliopricofSaltzburg.  20m. SSE.  Saltzburg. 

Abtfginiind,  or  Abfgejniind,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  die  circle  ofSwabia.  6  miles 
SW.  Elwangen. 

Abu-Ait,  or  Selin,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Nile.  4  miles  SE.  Abutige. 
Abu-Arifch,^  a  principality  of  Arabia,  in 
the  country  of  Tehama,  by  the  fide  of  the 
Red  Sea  ;  it  is  entirely  barren,  except  where 
watered  by  rivers,  which  run  from  the  moun- 
tains of  Yemen.  The  principal  places  are 
Abu-Arifch,  and  Gezan  a  leaport. 

Abu-Arifch,  a  city  of  Arabia,  in  a  princi- 
pality of  the  fame  name  ;  it  is  furrounded 
with  walls,  and  is  the  feat  of  a  ftierifFe.  80  m. 
N.  Loheia.  Long.  42.  30.  E.  Lat.  16. 45.  N. 

Abu-Dabea,  a  rocky  iflet  in  the  Red  Sea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Arabia.     Lat.  25.  19.  N. 

Abu-Garib,  a  fmall  illand  in  the  river  Nile. 
15  miles  W.  Dendera. 

Abu-Glrge,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Nile,  the  fee  of  a  Chriftian 
bifliop  ;  fome  place  here  the  ancient  Oxy- 
riachus.  82  miles  S.  Cairo.  Long.  20.  49. 
E.     Z^/.  28,33.  N. 

Abu-Hennis  il  Kejfr,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Nile.  2  m.  S.  Enllnch. 
Abu-l-liani,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Nile.     17  miles  SSE.  Sliabur. 

Abiimandur,  a  village  of  Egypt,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  weftgra  branch  of  die  Nilej 


ABU 

fuppofcd  by  fome  to  be  on  the  fite  of  the 
'ancient  Canopus ;  certainly  of  fome  city,  as 
a  few  rears  fince  upwards  of  30  marble  co- 
lumns were  dug  up  and  removed  to  Cairo. 
J  miles  S.  Rofetta. 

jI'uc  Mtifa,  fee  BurnofiT. 

jlini  Mc-aile,  a  fmali  ifland  in  the  Red  Sea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Arabia.     Lat.  aj.  X9.  N. 

Aba  Schurela,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Red 
Sea,  near  the  coaft  of  Arabia.  Lat.  16. 50.  N. 

Ahii  Schuicha,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Red 
Sea,  near  the  coaft  of  Arabia.  Lat.  27.20.  N. 

Abn  Senany  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Bergoo.    100  miles  E.  Wara. 

Ahu  Sharch.,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Bergoo.     85  miles  SSE.  Wara. 

Abucay^  a  to^rn  on  the  north-weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Mindanao.  Lr>7:g.  laj,  24. 
E.  Lat.  8.  40.  N. 

Ahtid,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  country 
of  Yemen.     1 6  miles  E.  Dsjebi. 

Abufeidey  a  fteepand  craggy  mountain  in 
Egypt,  in  which  are  many  grottos;  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Nile,  oppolite  Monfalout. 

Ahiigur  Htllf,  a  mountainous  ridge  of 
Jliodooftan,  which  forms  the  weftern  boun- 
dary of  Mcwar,  about  10  miles  £.  from  the 
river  Pudder,  with  which  it  runs  parallel. 

Abiihilan,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Sugelmcfili,  on  the  Ghir.  50  miles  NE. 
Sugelmefla. 

Abukabh,  a  mountain  of  Arabia.  5  miles 
SE.  Mecca. 

Abukifi  or  Akoukir,  called  by  Europeans 
Bikiere,  or  Biker,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the 
coaft  of  the  Mediterranean,  built  on  the  iite 
©f  the  ancient  Canopus.  The  fituation  is  on 
a  point  of  land  on  the  weft  fide  of  a  bay, 
at  tlie  mouth  of  what  the  ancients  call  the 
Canopic  branch  of  the  Nile,  but  which  is 
now  ftraitened,  and  almoft  choaked  with 
fond.  Abukir  contains  but  few  inhabitants. 
There  is  a  fmall  port;  and  on  the  point  of 
land  which  forms  it,  a  fortrefs  of  no  great 
ftrength,  in  which  a  torbufhi  refides  with  a 
few  foldiers,  by  whom  a  toll  is  collected 
from  thofe  who  crofs  the  ferr\'.  It  is  a  place 
of  no  trade  ;  and  veil'.:ls  that  frequent  it 
come  there  du'i'Jly  for  the  pai'pofe  of  avoid- 
ing bad  weather.  Off  this  place  a  b;iuie 
was  fought  on  the  iiiftof'  Auguft,  1798,  be- 
tween the  Knglilh  fleet  under  Admiral  Ncl- 
foD,  and  the  French  fleet  under  Admiral 
Brue^'S.  The  French  admiral's  fhip  h:id  120 
guns,  and  above  toco  men  ;  three  had  Soguns 
each  ;  and  nine  had  74.  They  were  drawn 
up  near  the  fhore  in  a  ftrong  and  compac't 
line  of  battle,  flanked  by  four  frigates,  and 
many  gun-boats,  and  protefted  in  the  van 
by  a  battery  planted  on  aihiall  iiland.  Their 
f)tuation,  therefore,  was  extremely  advan- 
tageous for  dciencc  ;  but  tlic  great  danger  of 
an  altack  did  not  deter  the  liriti'.h  admiral 
from  making  the  attenipt.    iiv;  had  as  many 


ABU 

Hiips  of  the  line  as  the  French  commander, 
and  he  ftrengthened  his  line  by  the  intro- 
duction of  a  fhip  of  50  guns;  but  in  ap- 
proaching the  enemy,  the  Culloden  ftruck 
upon  a  flioa},  from  which  fhe  could  not  be  ex- 
tricated before  the  next  morning.    The  ad- 
miral was  ftrongly  defirous  of  breaking  the 
line  of  the  French,  and  furrounding  part  of 
their  fleet;   and  he  ably  executed  his  pur- 
pofe.       At  fun-fet  the  engagement  com- 
menced; and  both  parties  fought  with  great 
fpirit»    While  the  \i6tory  was  yet  undeci- 
ded, Admiral  Brueys  received  two  wounds; 
and,  having   changed  his  fituation,  he  was 
expofedto  a  frefh  fliot,  which  deprived  him 
of  life.    When  the  adion  had  continued  for 
two  hours,  two  of  the  French   fljips  were 
captured  ;  a  third  ftruck  foon  after;  and  the 
whole  van  was  in  the  power  of  the  Englifh, 
who  eagerly  proceeded  to  a  completion  of 
tlieir  viftory.    L'Orient,  the  French  admi- 
ral's fliip,  was  warmly  engaged  with  feveral 
of  the  hoftile  veffels,  when  an  exploljon  in- 
dicated the  danger  of  a  conflagration.    The 
flames  made  a  rapid  progrefs ;  and  all  en- 
deavours to  check  their  fliry  were  jneffe(5^ual. 
Gantheaumejwhohadaflumedthecommand, 
ordeied  the  aew  to  quit  the  fhip,  and  he 
himfelf  feafonably  retired;  but  only  a  imall 
number  efcaped  deftrudion,  when,  a'iout 
four  hours  after  the  commencement  of  the 
conflict,  the  burning  veffel  blew  up  with  a 
dreadful  explofion.    The  engagement  was 
profecuted  at  intervals  till  day-break;  and 
only  two  of  the  French  fliips  of  the  line,  and 
two  frigates,  efcaped  capture  or  deftruf^ion. 
Nine  ihil  of  the  line  were  taken,  and  one 
(befldes  L'Orient)  was  burnt,  her  own  cap- 
tain fctting  fire  to  her.    A  frigate  alfb  was 
burnt  bv  her  commander.     Captain  Hood, 
in  the  Zealous,  purfued  the  retiring  veffels, 
but  he  was  foon  recalled  by  the  admiral,  as 
none  of  the  fhips  could  fupport  him  in  the 
chace.     In  the  Britilh  fleet,  16  ofiicers,  and 
ac2  feanien  and  raarirics,  were  kr!l-d  ;  and 
677  individuals  v/oundcd.    The  French  lofs 
has  been  variouflv  fbued;  but  it  appears  to 
have  been  verv  gr<;at.     Admiral  Neli'on,  in 
confequence  of  this  vidory,  v.'as  honoured 
with  the  title  of  Baron  Nelfon  of  the  Nile. 
I'he  French  held  the  place  till  March  1800, 
wh»en  it  was  taken  by  the  Englifii.     About 
two   miles  from   A^bukir  are  the  ruins  of  ;t 
town  clofe  to  the  fea,  and  part  of  iheni  under 
water,  confidered  as  the  Tapotlris  Pari  a  of 
ancient  F'gypt.    10  miles  NE.  Alexandria. 

Abiil-Kcifufij,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak, 
near  the  Euphrates.  21  miles  NN\^'.  Helbh. 

Ahnlut  a  river  of  the  ifland  Lui;on,  which 
runs  into  the  Chinele  fea.  Long.  131.  38.  E. 
Lat.  18.  33. N. 

Abm/.'ba,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Magadoxa.  45  milcv  SSW.  Brava,  ani 
40  NE.  J[ubo. 


A  B  Y 


A  B  Y 


^'f^wr,  a  mountain  of  Arabia,  in  the  country 
Yemen,  r6  miles  SSW.  Kataba. 

ylbur<fr2a,  a  diftdd:  or  country  of  America, 
fouth  of  Verucua. 

Abury,  a  village  ofEngiand,  in  the  county 
of  WiltSjCelebratedforan  affcmblageoi  huge 
ftonos,  fimilar  to  thoie  of  Stonciienge,  an 
ancient  camp,  and  many  veftiges  of  its  hav- 
ing been  a  place  of  fome  confequcnce,  pro 
bably  united,  or  very  nearly  fo,  to  Cunciio, 
wliichname  appears  m  the  village  of  Kennet. 
6  miles  W.  Marlborough. 

Ahitfchahr,  fee  Bujheer. 

Abiifckurela,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Red  Sea. 

9  miles  from  tlie  coalt  of  Arabia.     Long.  41. 
37.  E.    Z^/.  16.  54.  N. 

Ahuftrt  or  Buf.r,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the 
riglit  bank  of  the  Nile,  on  the  fite  oi  the 
ancient  Bufuis.     13  miles  S.  Manfora. 

Abujir,  or  Tonx>er  of  the  Arahjans,  two 
eminences  witli  forts,  on  the  coalf  of  Egypt, 
near  the  Mediterranean  fea,  20  miles  SW. 
Alexandria.  Long.  19. 50.  E.  Lai.  30. 5 8.  N. 

Ab'dffimm^  a  town  of  Palelline.  6  miies 
NE.  Acre. 

Ahutcka,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs  into 
the  Yana.  Long.  132.  44.  E.  Lai.  66.  30.  N. 

Abuiige,  or  Abntig,  or  Abouiigy  a  town 
of  Egvpt,  fituated  about  a  mile  from  i'm 
left  bank  of  the  Nile  ;  the  fee  of  a  Chriftian 
bifliop,  fuppofed  to  be  the  ancient  Abotis. 
so  miles  SSE.  Siut,  and  170  S.  Cairo. 

Abuyoi^;,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coalt  of  the 
ifland  of  Leyta.  Long.  124.  59.  E.  Lai. 
io.  44.N. 

Ak-ccerderit  a  town  of  PruiTia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Natangen.  3  m-SSW.  Konigfbcrg. 

Abyi  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Well-Bothnia. 

10  miles  S.  Pitea. 

AbyJ/lnia,  a  large  country  and  kingdom  of 
Africa,  about  300  leagues  long,  and  280 
broad;  bounded  on  the  eaft  by  the  Red  Sea, 
on  the  north  by  Nubia,  on  the  v/eft  by  Ni- 
gritia,  and  on  the  fouth  by  Ca^ffraria.  It  is 
divided  into  twelve  provinces,  Mafuah,  'i'i- 
grc,  Samen,  Begemder,  Amhara,  Walaka, 
Gojam,  Damot,  Maitflia,  Dem.bea,  Kuara, 
and  Nara :  the  principal  towns  or  cities  are 
Gondar,  (the  metropolis  of  Abyllinia,)  Dix- 
an,  Axum,  and  Mafuah.  Of  the  rivers,  the 
principal  is  the  Nile.  The  country  is  moun- 
tainous, but  ferule  where  the  land  can  be  cul- 
tivated. The  air  in  the  vallies  is  extremely 
warm,  but  more  temperace  on  the  mountains, 
The  rainyfeafoncontinues from  April  toSept. 
after  which  is  an  uninterrupted  leries  of  fine 
weather.  No  country  produces  a  greater 
variety  of  quadrupeds,  wild  or  tame;  of  the 
latter,  the  principal  are  of  the  cow  kind,  and 
iheep ;  the  wild  fort  are  the  gazel  or  ante- 
lope, jackal,  wild-hog,  elephant,  rhinoceros, 
giraffa,  or  cameleopard,hon,  leopard, hyena, 
Eohur,  faiTa,  feeho,  madequa,  Sec. ;  the  cro- 
codile and  bippopotamos  arc  found  io  all  die 


large  rivers.  Among  the  birds  are  reckon- 
ed feveral  fpecies  of  the  eagle  and  hawk, 
the  golden  goofe,  or  the  goofe  of  the  Nile, 
.\nd  a  vaft  nun)ber  of  others,  which  frequent 
both  the  vallies  and  mountains.  Of  the  in- 
fccls,  the  moft  rcniarkable  is  a  fly,  called 
zimb,  or  tfaltialva,  a  little  larger  than  a  bee, 
which  proves  dreadfully  toimenting,  and 
even  delfructive,  to  every  q.uidruped,  botii 
wild  and  tame,  and  h\>ni  v/liich  they  eaa 
cfcape  only  by  flying  from  tlie  rich  lands  to 
the  de/erts,  during  the  whole  of  the  rainy 
fcafon.  Among  the  vegetable  producfious 
may  be  reckoned  the  papxrus,  the  plant 
ficm  which  paper  was  firii  made  by  the 
Egvptians,  after  the  difufe  ot  hicro5;,lyphics; 
the  balefraa,  or  balm,  called  alio  balm  of  Gi- 
Icad,  the  fa/la,  the  myrrh  tree,  the  enfetf, 
feieral  Ipecies  of  the  mimofa,  the  kol-quall, 
the  rack,  the  coft'ec-tree,  the  wooginos,  cuf- 
fo,  teff,  and  wheat.  The  profelfed  religion 
of  the  country  is  Chrillianity.  The  patri- 
arch of  Alexandria,  in  Egypt,  is  the  head  of 
their  church,  and  confirms  their  billiops,  ad- 
mitting them  into  his  communion.  The 
emperor  of  Abyilinia  muft  in  general  afTumc 
the  prieilhood  before  liis  coronation,  after 
which  he  continues  to  difchargc  the  facer- 
dotal  fuoiftious  on  occafions  of  public  folem- 
nity.  It  is  for  this  reafon,  peihaps,  that  he 
has  been  called  by  the  Europeans  Preiter 
John,  a  title  of  which  no  other  origin  is 
known  ;  it  is  never  given  to  him  by  the  Abyl- 
finians.  Tliis  emj^iie  lies  entirely  in  tlie 
torrid  zone,  yet,  on  account  of  the  great 
rains,  the  forcif  s,  mountains,  and  rivers,  there 
are  diifridts  in  it  as  temperate  as  Spain  and 
Portugal;  but  the  low  fandy  plains  reflecf  a 
heat  inliipportiible  to  any  other  people  than 
the  n-.itivcs.  The  winds  here  are  impetuous, 
the  thunder  awful,  and  the  rains  like  tor- 
rents ;  the  fealbnof  thefc  meteors  is  unwhole- 
foHic,  and  produces  dileafcs.  The  moiffure 
■Mm  heat,  the  vakrable  n:eans  of  fecundity, 
cover  their  meadows  with  grals  always  re- 
newed, and  their  trees  with  blofTom  and  fruits 
at  the  fame  time.  They  promote  the  fpeedy 
vegetation  of  a  kind  of  very  fmall  grain  call- 
ed teif,  of  which  they  make  excellent  bread, 
the  principal  part  of  their  food.  The  Abyi- 
liniansdo  not  tame  their  elephants;  they  re- 
main wild,  and  arc  very  dell ru(5f  ive.  Their 
plains  are  ravaged  alio  by  the  rhinoceros,  as 
well  as  lions  and  tigers.  The  pipe,  a  im- 
gular  bird,  attaches  itielf  to  fportiiricn,  and 
never  leaves  them  till  it  has  pointed  out 
game,  becaufe  it  lives  v.pon  the  offals;  but 
they  muft  take  care  to  follow  it  well  armed, 
as  it  may  fometimes  lead  them  alio  to  a  dan- 
gerous animal,  iuch  as  a  ierpent  or  tigtr. 
Anotiier  bird,  called  moroc,  enables  tfffe  na- 
tives to  difcovcr  honey,  v%'hich  is  made  by  a 
certain  kind  of  bee  below  the  earth.  Abyi- 
linia is  ofkCn  ravaged  by  clouds  of  luCuiU, 


A  B  Y 

y^h'ich  occafion  famine  by  devouring  the 
plants,  and  peftilences  by  their  dead  bodies, 
which  cannot  all  be  burnt  or  interred;  they 
are  eaten  frefh  or  dried,  and  reduced  to  a 
powder,  which  is  afterwards  converted 
into  a  pafte,  but  it  is  not  an  agreeable 
food.  Though  there  are  a  great  many 
Mahometans,  Jews,  and  Pagans,  in  Abyffinia, 
the  Chriftians  are  the  nioft  numerous.  Of 
the  idolatory  of  the  Pagans  very  little  is 
known,  but  it  feems  to  confill  rather  in  fu- 
perftitious  rites  than  in  the  adoration  of 
idols.  The  court  language  is  a  mixture  of 
almoft  all  thofe  of  the-  empire ;  it  is  deficient 
neither  in  expreflion  nor  richnefs.  The  an- 
cient Ethiopic  ftill  retains  its  dignity;  it  is 
emplovcd  in  the  emperor's  letters-patent,  in 
the  public  regifters,  and  in  divine  fervice. 
•The  Abyilinians  (if  we  except  thofe  Ethio- 
pians who  at  Rome  in  the  ';ime  of  Auguftus 
•were  thought  horridly  ugly)  are. well  made; 
they  are  of  a  majeflic  ftature,  rather  brown 
than  fair ;  have  lively  fparkling  eyes,  a  well- 
Ihaped  nofc,  not  at  all  flat,  thin  lips,  and 
very  white  teeth.  Their  dil'pofition  inclines 
them  to  be  virtuous;  they  poflefs  all  the  fim- 
plicity  of  nature,  have  a  great  deal  of  can- 
dour, and  exhibit  every  fign  of  innocence. 
They  rarely  quarrel  with  each  other,  and 
readily  fiibmit  to  the  dccilion  of  the  firft 
arbiter  they  meet.  The  adminiifration  of 
juff  ice  is  neither  tedious  nor  comiplex.  They 
are  extremely  affeifled  in  their  manners,  and 
remarkably  fond  of  drefs.  Their  wives  are 
allowed  to  viiit  their  relations;  thofe  of 
quality  do  not  lay  their  inclinations  under 
rcf^.'aint;  a  privilege  not  very  agreeable  to 
men  of  fuperior  rank,  v>'ho  are  fooliih  enough 
to  marry  them  ;  but  the  relations  compel 
them  to  bear  their  dilgrace  with  patience. 
Thofe  of  common  rank  peiform  ai!  the  !kbo- 
rious  parts  of  donicllic  economy.  There 
are  fome  kinds  of  v/ork  which  the  male 
flaves  rcf'ufe  to  do,  I'sich  as  that  of  grinding 
their  corn,  a  taflc  that  occurs  every  day.  A 
marriage,  to  be  iirm  and  valid,  muft  be  fo- 
lemnized  in  church  ;  it  is  proiiibited  within 
certain  degrees  of  confanguinity,  and  divor- 
ces are  allowed.  They  drink  neither  cider 
nor  wine,  (though  they  might  make  the  lat- 
ter in  abundance,)  but  hydromel,  tlic  b.ifis  of 
which  is  honey  brought  to  a  ftate  of  fermen- 
tation. It  is  not  lorg  fince  they  became  ac- 
quainted wiih  the  tools  employed  in  differ- 
ent arts;  and  for  thefe,  as  wcllas  for  the  art 
Ot  building,  they  wcreindebtedtothc  JefV.its  ; 
before  that  they  could  only  place  one  flone 
above  another  in  an  irregular  manner.  They 
had  no  idea  of  flaiis,  or  of  dill'erent  fl-ories, 
M  !iieh  thcv  call  a  houfe  upon  a  houfe .  Not- 
v/ithftanding  their  few  tools,  thev  had  cloth 
ftufis  exceedingly  weii  woven,  and  jewels  of 
tije  neateil  workmanihip.  They  feldom  tra- 
vel iiito  otiior  couDtriesi   a-iio  eve«  if  tJiey 


A  B  Y 

had  an  inclination  to  do  fo,  they  are  pre- 
vented by  the  Turks  and  the  Galli,  who  keep 
their  frontiers  as  if  in  a  flate  of  blockade. 
They  are  unwilling  alfo  that  the  entrance, 
into  their  country  fhould  be  opened.  They 
depend  on  faftors  for  difpofing  of  their  mer- 
chandize by  exchange,  which  is  neve^in  fa- 
vour of  the  Abyflinians;  fo  that  with  an  in- 
exhaufbible  flore  of  produdlions — fkins,  furs, 
leather,  honey,  wax,  gold,  ivory,  and  aljund- 
ance  offuperffuities,  the  country  is  extremely 
poor.  Abyflinia,  fertile  in  the  animal  and 
vegetable  kingdom,  is  not  lefs  fo  in  the 
mineral.  It  contains  fiber,  but  more  gold, 
and  a  great  deal  of  lead  and  iron;  it  is  not 
faid  that  it  is  deflitute  of  copper  or  tin.  The 
fait,  dug  from  mines,  extracted  from  faline 
fprings,  or  cclleded  in  the  form  of  a  crufl 
in  the  immenfe  plains,  though  very  common, 
is  confidered  as  a  valuable  article;  every 
perfon  carries  a  fmall  bit  of  it  fufpended  in 
a  bag  from  the  girdle.  When  two  friends 
meet,  they  produce  their  bits  of  fait,  and  give 
them  to  each  other  to  lick ;  to  negled:  this 
ceremony  would  be  thought  a  great  incivi- 
lity. The  natural  curiofities  of  Abyflinia 
are  enormous  mountains,  the  rocks  of  which 
exhibit  the  appearance  of  walls,  towers,  and 
cities;  others  fuch  a  fmooth  furfiice  as  ren- 
der them  almoil:  like  a  mirror;  and  fome  hol- 
lowed out  bv  nature,  or  in  which  have  been 
cut  apartments,  churches,  and  palaces.  At 
the  bottom  of  thefe  mountains  are  fteep  pre- 
cipices, where  the  torrents  roll  down  large 
flones  with  a  mofl  tremendous  noife;  and 
on  their  fummits  plains,  the  inacceffible  edges 
of  which  convert  them  into  prifons,  where 
the  firft  children  of  their  kings,  whofe  com- 
petition for  the  throne  was  apprehended  to 
be  produdive  of  mifchief.  were  formerly  ex- 
pofed  to  languifh  in  mifery.  The  beautiful 
rivers  by  which  Abyffinia  is  watered,  flow 
down  from  the  mountains.  The  crown  is 
hereditary,  but  does  not  neceffarily  pafs  to 
the  eldeft.  The  emperor  choofes  for  his 
fuccefTor  one  of  his  children  whonrhe  wifhes 
to  fa\our;  and  this  cuftom  has  frequently 
given  rife  to  civil  wars.  To  prevent  thefe 
a  fcheme  was  deviled,  in  confequence  of 
which  all  thofe  princes  who  had  a  right  to 
the  throne  were  confined  on  the  top  of  a 
mountain  almoft  inacceflible,  where  they 
were  clofely  g.uarded.  This  cuftom  was 
however  abolilhed,  on  account  of  the  indi- 
rect reproacii  of  an  infant.  The  emperor  had 
a  great  fondnefs  for  this  child,  who  was  on- 
ly eight  years  of  age:  one  day,  whilft  he 
was  fporting  with  him,  one  of  his 'courtiers 
approached,  and  obferved  to  the  king  that 
the  child  was  growing  tall;  on  thefe  words 
the  young  prince,  looking  tenderly  at  his 
father,  faid,  "  Have  I  become  big  enough  to 
be  lent  to  the  mountain?"  The  emperor, 
affected  by  this  ajch  apoftrophe,  abolifhed 


A  C  A 

Ac  cuftom,  and  made  his  council  fwear  that 
it  rtiouJd  never  be  re-eftablidicd.  In  imita- 
tion of  Solomon,  from  \vhom[,they  pretend  to 
be  defcended,  the  Abyffinian  emperors  main- 
tain feveral  wives  and  children;  and,  like 
him,  of  different  rclir^ions.  That  they  may 
have  a  ftill  greater  rclemblance  to  him,  they 
allow  each  to  exercife  her  own  religion ;  lb 
that  it  is  not  uncommon  to  fee  around  the 
palace,  or  royal  tents,  mofqucs,  and  pagan 
temples,  clofe  to  a  church.  The  AbylTmian 
annals  contain  an  account  of  the  Queen  of 
Saba's  journey  to  Jeruialem.  Some  circum- 
ftances  in  it  appear  more  like  a  fable  than 
truth,  yet  one  is  inclined  to  give  credit  to  it. 
With  regard  to  the  converfion  of  Queen  Can- 
dace  bv  one  o^  her  eunuchs,  who  was  in- 
ftructed  by  the  Apoftle  Philip,  the  accoi^nt 
correfponds  v/ith  that  given  in  the  gofpel  of 
St.  Luke.  Chriftianity,  however,  did  not 
become  the  prevailing  religion  in  Ethiopia 
till  touards  the  middle  of  the  fourth  century. 
Athanaiius,  the  great  patriarch  of  ^Alexan- 
dria, fent  thither  a  biihop,  whofe  fucceiibr 
is  the  Abuna,  the  only  perfon  in  Abyilinia 
who  exercifes  the  facerdotal  fundion.  It  is 
a  cuftom  obferved  with  a  rigour  which  has 
rendered  it  a  ia\v..  that  tiiis  Abuna  niuft  ne- 
ver be  an  AbyHinian  ;  and  this  circumftance 
affords  the  Alexandrians  the  fure  means  of 
preferving  their  fupremacy.  They,  how- 
ever, frequently  abufe  it;iorin  general  they 
fend  only  ignorant  men,  who  purchaie  that 
office  by  money.  As  they  buy,  they  fell  alfo 
all  the  lucrativepiaces  in  the  church.  There 
is  no  regular  chronology  of  Abyffinian  em- 
perors or  ruiguhs,  but  for  the  lalt  four  hun- 
dred years.  Some  traditionary  hicts,  repre- 
fenting  the  princes  defcended  trom  Solomon, 
who  reigned  before,  are  ftill  preferred.  In 
the  beginning  of  the  tenth  century  the  throne 
was  uiurped  by  a  wom^in,  whofc  poifeiity 
preitrved  it  for  500  years.  But  refpecling 
this  dynafty  we  ha.ve  only  a  few  circum- 
Itar.ccs  ranged  in  a  very  imperfetl  chrono- 
logical order,  which  took  place  after  the  en- 
trance of  the  Portuguefe  into  Abyffmia  under 
the  great  Alphonfo  Albuquerque.  Long.xd. 
to  44.  £.     Lat.  6.  to  20.  N. 

^irt^/,  ariverofPerfia,wh!chransthrough 
the  province  of  Couheftan, palling  byToftar, 
&c.  into  the  Perlian  gulph.  Saphor  king  of 
Perfia  caufed  an  aqueducft  to  be  built  on  this 
river,  to  fupply  the  inhabitants  of  Toftar 
with  water. 

y^ca,  or  ylcha,  a  diftriift  or  country  of 
Africa-)  on  theconiines  of  Lybia,  confifting  of 
tliree  towns  near  each  other.  It  was  for- 
merly populous  and  rich,  but  much  impove- 
rilhedby  wars;  the  principal  produce  is  dates. 

Acahat  AJfollom,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Barca.  6  miles SW.CapeLocca. 

Aca7n,Q>x Akam^  acountryof  Africa,onthe 
£oaft  of  GuiQea,near  thefource  of  the  Voka. 


A  C  A 

Acadia,  fee  Nova  Scotia. 

Acaguiry,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  GciJ- 
conda.  36  miles  NW.  Adoni. 

Acatibaro.,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vinceofMechoacan,3omilesNE.Mechoacan. 

Acanniy  a  country  of  Africa,  Ibuth  of 
Aquambo,  abounding  in  gold.  It  was  once 
an  independent  kingdom,  but  iiding  with 
Dinkira,  in  a  war  againffc  Ahente,  it  v,a5 
overrun  and  made  fubject  to  the  latter. 

Acapalit,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  province 
of  Chiapa.  3am.  NW.  Chiapa  dos  Indios. 

Acaponetat  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince ofChiametlan.  ■^,^  milesSE.Chiametlan. 

Aco.uhIco,  a  feapOrt  town  of  Mexico,  in 
the  Pacilic  Ocean,  with  an  excellent  bay, 
and  the  beft  harbour  on  the  weftern  coail 
of  Spanidi  America,  free  and  open  for  vel- 
fels  of  any  burthen-  A  large  fhip  fails  every 
year  from  this  port  to  Manilla,  the  principal 
of  the  Philippine  Iflands,  carrying  cochineal, 
quickfilver,  cocoa,  but  chiefly  iilver;  and  re- 
turmng  loaded  v/ith  fpices,  muflins,  china, 
lilk,  and  other  products  and  manufadurcs  of 
Afia.  Acapulco  is  only  a  miierable  little 
tov/n,  which  however  is  dignified  with  the 
name  of  a  city,  and  being  fnrrounded  with  a 
volcanic  mwmtain,  the  atmcfphere  is  con- 
ifantly  thick  and  unwholelbme.  The  inha- 
bitants ;n-e  few,  and  ;dmoft  entirely  Africans. 
The  iiarbour  is  fafe,  beautiful,  and  extenfive. 
I>lides  its  being  the  ordinary  port  for  the 
Manilla  galleon  ;  it  ufcd  to  be  frequented  by 
Peruvian  veffels,  which  came  thither  to  buy 
pilch  and  tar,  as  well  as  the  different  com- 
modities of  China  and  Europe.  This  trade, 
houevcr,  the  company  of  Lima  thought  pro- 
per fojne  time  iince  entirely  to  abolifh.  The 
town  ftands  on  a  bay  north-v/efl  from  tht 
road,  formed  by  the  curvature  of  the  coaff, 
and  a  imail  promontory,  on  which  is  an  old 
fort.  Ships  may  ride  at  anchor  two  cables 
length  from  the  fhore,and  be  fheltered  from 
the  Itorm  by  a  point  of  land  fituated  under 
the  fort.  There  is  another  little  bay  in  the 
quarter  of  the  fouth-eaft,  under  a  moun- 
tainous ftripe  of  land,  which  feparates  and 
protedls  the  road  from  the  open  fea.  This 
ftaticn  is  ftill  fafcr  than  the  former,  and 
therefore  frequented  by  fuch  veffels  as  have 
occafion  to  winter  at  Acapulco.  There  is, 
befides,  without  die  roads,  and  about  half 
a  league  from  the  tov/n,  a  creek  of  conuder- 
able  capacity,  which  might  afford  a  good 
harbour  for  fliipping,  atlealt  during  the  fme 
feafon.  The  road  of  Acapulco  is  about  three 
leagues  in  breadth,  but  the  entrance  to  it  is 
too  wide  to  be  put  in  a  proper  pofture  of 
defence.  In  1580,  it  was  taken  and  plun- 
dered by  Sir  Francis  Drake.  240  miles  S. 
Mexico.  Z-y;/r.  loi.  40.  W.  Za/.  17.10.N. 

Acara,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocelc  of 
La  Paz,  on  the  weft  Cdcof  lake  Titiaca.  10 
miks-S.  Ghuciuto. 


A  C  C 

Acaraga,^  river  of  S.  America,  which  joins 
the  Uraguay,  at  the  town  of  Affun)ption. 

Aciiri,  a  cape  and  port  of  S.  America,  on 
the  coall  of  Peru.  The  harbour  is  good, 
but  Httle  fiequented.  Long.  72.  40-  W. 
Lat.  15.  50.  S. 

Acar'u'z,  a  fmall  ifland  in  tlie  Turkifh 
Archipelago.     9  miles  E.  Naxia. 

Acani^,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
the  province  of  Livadia.  40  nnles  NW. 
Lepanto. 

Acafahafilan-,  or  Acafahatlan,  a  town  of 
Me>:ico,  in  tlie  province  Guatimala,  rear 
uie  fource  of  a  river  of  the  fame  name.  The 
neighbourhood  produces farfaparilla,  cocoa, 
ciiliia,  and  excellent  fruit.  60  miles  NE. 
Guatimala. 

AcafnhaJJlan,  a  river  of  Mexico  which 
runs  into  the  Golfo  Dolce.  50  miles  S. 
Vera  Paz. 

Acajdcht'dloji,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Tlafcala.  50  miles  N.  Pucbla 
de  log  Angelos. 

Acatzincrj,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  An;ihual,  v^here  the  Mexicans  were 
defeated  by  the  Spaniards  in  1520. 

Aca^ulta^  a  fcaport  of  Mexico,  in  ihe  pro- 
vince of  Guaiiniala,  on  the  coaft  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean.     70  miles  SE.  Guatimala. 

/icharpour,  or  Akhcrpour.,  a  town  of  Hin- 
dool>an,  in  the  Dooab.  44  miles  S.  Canoge, 
6oSW.Lucknow.Z-^;/^,'".8o.E.  Z(7/.26.2o.N. 

ylcboula,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  tJie  province 
of  Irak.     80  miles  N.  Hamadan. 

Area.,  or  ylcco,  fee  Acre, 

Accijha,  a  chain  of  mountains  in  Afia, 
which  form  a  boundary  between  Paleftine 
and  Arabia  Pttrara ;  very  probably,  in  the 
opinion  of  Dr.  Shaw,  the  fame  with  Maaleh 
Akrabbim,  or  the  Afjcnt  of  Accrabbim, 
mentioned  in  fcripture,  the  moil  northern 
part  being  Mount  Hor. 

Accaba,  i.  c.  the  A/cent,  a  celebrated  pafs 
ever  a  narrow  ridge  of  Mount  Atlas,  in  the 
country  of  Algiers,  between  Conllantina  and 
the  capital,  with  deep  vallies  and  precipices 
on  eacli  fide,  where  the  leail  deviation  from 
the  path  v.ould  be  fatal.  90  miles  W.  Con- 
ftantina,  and  70  ESE.  Algiers. 

Accaha,  or  ddaat  el  Accaha,  a  fortrefs 
of  Arabia  Petrxa,  at  the  northern  extremity 
of  the  callern  creek  of  the  Bahr  el  Accaba, 
or  El.uutic  gulph.  It  was  an  ancient  port  of 
tlic  Kdomites,  and  called  in  fcripture  Ezion- 
gtber;  Ptoloniy  calls  it  Berenice.  Solomon 
ultd  it  as  a  port,  but  the  harbour  is  dilTicult, 
full  of  rocks,  and  unfafe.  150  miles  ESE. 
Suez.     Long.  :,9.  45.  E.    J.at.  2S.  45.  N. 

Aecadia,  a  town  of  Naples  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Principato  Ultra.  20  miles  N.Conza. 

Acrar,  a  river  of  Syria,  which  runs  into 
the  Mediterranean,  12  miles  S.  Tortofi. 

A.\ri!im,  a  town  of  Naples  in  the  pro- 
viiice  of  Balilicata,  19  mili^s  SljE.Accrcuza, 


A  C  II 

Accia,  a  defolate  village  of  Corfica,  once 
the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  removed  to  Mariana. 
13  miles  NNE.  Corte. 

AccolorettOjZtown  of  Italy,  in  the  dutcliy 
of  Spoleto.  7  miles  SW.  Todi. 

Accoviac,  a  county  of  Virginia,  which  re- 
tains its  ancient  Indian  name. 

Accos,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe  of 
Guamanga.  15  miles  SSE.  Nafca. 

Accoury,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Allaha- 
bad.   20  miles  E.  Makoonda. 

Accoiu,  a  town  of  France,  in  ihe  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Pyrennees.  8  miles  S/ 
Oleron. 

AccoivnahyS.  town  of  Plindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.    10  miles  S3V/.  Patna. 

Acerenza,  or  Cirenza,  a  city  of  Naples, 
in  the  Balilicata,  the  fee  of  an  archbifliop. 
It  was  anciently  called  Acheruntia.  80  miles 
E.  Naples.  Long.  15.  58. E.  Z^^/. 40.49. N. 

Accnio,  a  city  of  Naples,  in  the  Principato 
Citra,  fituated  m  a  valley,  furrounded  with 
mountains,  the  lee  of  a  bifhop,  fufFragan  of 
Salerno.  14  miles  ENE.  Salerno.  Long. 
14.  50.  E.    jLrt/.  40.  45.  N. 

Acerra,  a  city  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Lavora,  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fuffragan  of 
the  archbifliop  of  Naples.  This  town  is 
called  the  country  of  Punchinellos;  becaufe 
the  pi:nchinello,  or  droll  of  the  Neapolitan 
comedy,  is  always  fuppofed  to  be  a  native  of 
this  town.  The  ancient  name  \si.%  Acerrxy 
and  it  is  known  in  hiftory  for  having  flood 
a  fiege  againfl  Hannibal.  8  miles  NNE. 
Naples.    Zs;;^-.  14.  13.E.    Z^/.  40.56.  N. 

Ach,  fee  Aack. 

Acka,  a  river  of  Germany  which  rifes 
about  8  miles  S.  from  Kitzbuhl,  in  the  arch- 
blihoprick  of  Saltzburgh ;  and  after  forming 
a  confiderable  lake  called  the  y?/V/'£'«  5ifi7,  or 
Ch'ien  Sea,  it  takes  the  name  of  Altza,  and 
empties  itfelf  into  the  Ifer,  8  miles  S.  of 
Tolz,  in  Bavaria. 

Acha,  a  tov.  n  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe  of 
Cufco.     45  miles  SW.  Cufco. 

Acha,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  which  runs  into 
the  Hz,  8  miles  N.  Ilzftadt. 

Acha,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rifes 
near  Fridberg,  in  the  circle  of  Bavaria,  paiTes 
by  Rain,  and  runs  into  the  Danube  8  miles 
below  Donauwert. 

Achainho,  a  town  of  South-America,  in. 
the  province  of  Quito.  15  miles  E.  Ripbamba. 

Acharpour,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Ba- 
har.     3  miles  NE.  Rotafgur". 

Acharpour,-A.\.o\vn  of  liindooflan,  in Oude, 
28  miles  SE.  Fyzabad.  Long.  82.  ai.  E. 
Lat.  26.  28.  N. 

Achajfesy  a  river  of  France,  v.'hich  runs 
into  the  Rhc)ne,  near  Viviers. 

Achecn,  Atcheeuy  or  Acleff:^  a  kingdom 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  ifland  of  Sumatra^ 
of  a  triangular  form,  and  containing  about 
36C00  fquare  raO&s.  It  is  Ibeltercd  by  a  range 


A  C  II 

of  hills  that  runs  from  a  promontory  to  the 
SP'.  and  another  which  inclines  to  theENE. 
the  lands  between  are  fertile,  and  the  beft 
cultivated  in  the  ifland.  The  government 
is  monarchical,  under  a  king  whom  they  call 
Tuan-kita,  or  mv  matter.  The  inhabitants 
manuf  n^ure  a  fpecies  of  cloth  fron)  cotton, 
of  the  produce  of  the  country,  which  is  uni- 
Teriidly  worn  for  drawers  by  tiie  richer  fort, 
while  the  poorer  people  wear  coarfe  un- 
bleached cloth  from  Madras.  They  likewife 
make  a  filk,  very  handfome,  and  very  dear, 
compared  with  the  flighter  talfatas  of  Ben- 
gal. Thev  alfo  cait  excelloflt  fmall  brafs 
cannon,  called /v7;/Aa'/^(7;  and  fabiicate  cu- 
rious work  of  filhigree  in  gold  and  iilver. 
The  king's  revenue  arifes  chiefly  from  a  duty 
on  exports  and  imports,  amounting  to  near 
1 1;  per  cent.  Befides  this,  he  has  the  rents 
of  ibmc  domains,  and  an  acknowledgment 
from  land  cultivated  with  rice.  The  Achi- 
ncfe  are  in  general  taller,  ftouter,and  darker- 
coloured  than  the  other  people  of  the  ifland; 
more  adive  and  induifrious,  have  more  ge- 
neral knowledge,  and  deal  as  merchants  in  a 
more  extenhve  and  liberal  manner.  They 
are  confidered  as  a  mixture  of  original  Su- 
matrans,  Malays,  and  Moors  from  the  weft 
part  of  India.  In  religion  they  are  Maho- 
metan, and  have  many  mofques  and  prierts. 
They  are  expert  and  bold  failors,  and  em- 
ploy a  multitude  of  vcflcls  in  trade  and  fifh- 
ing,  of  various  forts  and  lizes.  The  govern- 
ment isabfolute,and  the  monarchy  hereditary. 

Acbesn,  a  city  of  Afia,  and  capital  of  a 
kingdom  in  the  north  part  of  the  ifland  of 
Sumatra,  fituated  on  a  ri\er  which  runs  into 
the  il-a,  near  the  north-weft  point  of  the 
ifland  called  Achcen-Head.  The  river  is 
not  large,  and  in  the  dry  monfoon  will 
hardly  admit  the  navigation  of  a  boat.  In 
the  beginning  of  the  iixteenth  century,  when 
the  Portugucfe  firft  landed  on  the  ifland,  it 
was  fubjedt  to  the  king  of  Pedir,  and  com- 
manded by  a  flave  as  governor.  One  of 
thefe  flaves  afterwards  rebelled,  and  Cifablifli- 
ed  Acheen  as  the  capital  ot'  liis  kingdom.  It 
was  formerly  a  celebrated  mart  for  eaftern 
commodities;  but  the  chief  trade  is  now  car- 
ried to  Hindocftan,  from  Vv'hencc  it  receives 
cotton  goods  in  leturn  tor  gold  duft,  i'apan- 
wood,  betel-nut,  patch-leaf  or  coftus  Indicus, 
pepper,  fuiphur,  camphor,  and  benzoin:  by 
European  veffcls,  the  inhabitants  receive 
opium,  iron,  and  fome  other  articles.  Lo7ig. 
95.46.  E.     -Lat.  ^.  iz.'N. 

Acheen-Head,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  Sumatra.  Lo;/g.  ()S'4o.E.  Lat. 
5.  26.  N. 

Achel,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  My- 
fore.  40  miles  E.  Seringapatam. 

Achere  le  Marche,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Loiret.  3  miles  NNW. 
JJeuville  aux  Bois. 

Vol.  I.  C 


A  C  H 

Acheuxy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.  14  miles  NE.  Amiens. 
Ackiackica.,  a  town  of  Mexico,   in  the 
province  of  Tlafcala.     70  miles  N.  Puebla 
de  los  Angelos. 

Achilhcgy  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  near  the  weftern  coaft  of  Ireland,  a 
litde  to  tlie  fouth  of  Achill.  Long.  9.  48.  W. 
Lat.  53.52.  N. 

Achil-head,  a  cape  or  promontory  on  the 
weftern  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Achill.  Long, 
10.  5.  W.     Z/«^53.  51.  N. 

Achill,  an  ifland  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
near  the  weftern  coaft  of  Ireland,  of  a  trian- 
gular form,  and  about  30  miles  in  circum- 
ference. It  belongs  to  the  county  of  Mayo, 
from  which,  to  the  fouth,  it  is  feparated  by 
a  narrow  channel.  ^  miles  SW.  Killalla. 
Long.  9.  52.  W.     Lat.  S3-  38.  N. 

Achiris,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Cinaloa.     24  miles  S.  Cinaloa. 

Achira,  a  town  of  Mogoliftan,  on  the 
frontiers  of  China,  where  Tlmur  Bee  built 
a  fortrefs  in  1396. 

Achita,  a  city  of  Japan,  on  the  north-weft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Niphon.  I^ong.  1^,1. 
38.  E.     Lai.  39.  10.  N. 

Achleutl-L'T!,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
archdutchy  of  Auftria,  on  the  Danube.  10 
miles  ESE.  Ens. 

Ach-iuivt.,  or  Ekmhji,  or  Echmim,  a  town 
of  Egypt,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile,  about 
a  mile  from  the  river,  on  a  fmall  eminence, 
which  feems  to   be  artificial.     A   canal   of 
water,  when  the  river  is  high;  paffes  round 
moft  part  of  the  town.    The  inhabitants  are 
employed  in  the  manufafture  of  coarfe  cot- 
tons    When  Dr.  Pocock  was  there,  it  was 
therefidence  of  the  Prince  of  Achmim,  who 
has  the  title  of  Emir,  or  princeof  the  country, 
and   adted  as  Sheik.     It  is  like  the   other 
Arab   towns,  except    that  the  ftreets   are 
wider ;  the  quoins  of  the  he  ..fes  are  built  of 
burnt  brick,  but  the  other  parts   of  brick 
dried  in  the  fun.     Here  was  a  convent  of  the 
Francifcan  miifionaries.    There  were  about 
aooo  Chriftians  in  and  about  the  town,  200  of 
whom  were  converts  to  the  church  of  Rome. 
There  is  a  large  room  in  the  convent,  where 
as  many  of  their  people  as  pleafe  may  come 
every  night,  and  one  of  the  fathers  is  obligecl 
to  attend,  to  difcouife  with  them,  and  to  an- 
fwer  any  qucftions  they  afl:.     The  miifion- 
aries came  here  lirft  in  the  charader  of  phy- 
licians,  and  were  received  by  the  princes  of 
the  country  into  their  palaces.    Among  the 
fmall  remains  of  antiquity  about  the  town. 
Dr.  Pocock  found  to  the  north  fome  ruins 
of  an  ancient  temple,  of  which  little  remains, 
except  four  large  ftones  that  lie  near  a  hol- 
low ground,  from  whence   probably  they 
dug  the  ftones  for  the  building.     On  one  of 
thefe    is   a    very  extraordinary   fculpture, 
which  has  been  painted,  and  from  which  t!ie 


(' 


A  C  K 

Doftor  concluded  that  it  was  a  temple  de- 
dicated to  the  fun.  Within  fome  ornaments 
there  are  four  circles ;  in  the  inner  circle  is 
a  figiu-e  probably  reprefentingthat  luminary. 
About  loo  yards  higher  to  the  north-eaft 
is  another  great  ruin,  the  flones  of  which 
are  extremely  large.  One  of  thefe  edifices 
might  have  been  dedicated  to  Pan,  and  the 
other  to  the  Sun ;  and  probably  there  might 
have  been  a  third  dedicated  to  Perfeus.  Se- 
veral red  granite  pillars  ftand  in  a  fquare  of 
the  town,  where,  perhaps,  fome  other  an- 
cient building  ftood;  and  in  a  mofque  were 
many  pillars  of  granite  and  other  marble. 
A.bout  two  miles  from  Achniim  is  an  unin- 
habited convent,  called  Derma  doud,  which 
Dr.  Pocock.  calls  the  moft  difmal  retirement 
he  ever  fiw,  and  on  the  oppofite  fide  of  the 
Nile.  The  Doftor  fuppofes  this_  to  be  the 
ancient Panopolis.  200  miles  S.Cairo.  Long. 
31.55.  E.     Zv^/.  26.  40.  N. 

AclK7iry.,?L  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Sligo,  16  miles  WSW.  Sligo.  It  gives 
name  to  a  blihopric,  which  extends  about 
30  miles  fquare,  and  contains  27  parifhes  in 
the  counties  of  Mayo  and  Sligo. 

Achstedc,  or  Akstede,  a  tov/n  of  Gennany, 
in  thedutchy  of  Bremen.  6  miles  N.  Bremen. 

Achstetten,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Swabia.  6  miles  NW.  Augfburg. 

Achtiar,  fee  Sebajiopolis. 

Achtirka,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Charkov.  40  miles  WSW.  Charkov. 

Achtuha.  a  river  of  Ruffia,  which  takes 
Its  courie  from  the  Volga,  about  12  miles 
above  the  town  of  Tzaritzin,  and  runs  paral- 
lel with  that  river  to  Krafnoijar;  near  which 
place  it  joins  it  again,  and  runs  with  it  into 
the  Cafpian  fea. 

Aciar,  a  town  of  Litde  Bukharia,  in  the 
province  of  Acfu.  t,^  miles  SW.  Aciu. 

Ackchova,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.  5  miles  Scala  Nova. 

Ackcll'aufen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
princip;ility  of  Wurzburg.  4  miles  SW. 
Ochfenfint. 

Ackiins  Keys,  two  fraall  illanils  among  the 
Bahamas,  near  the  fouthern  extiemity  of 
Crooked  Ifland.  Lo/ig.  74.  30.  W.  I. at. 
31.  53.N. 

Ackvilm,  fee  Ackviiin. 

Ackeri,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Lower-Saxony,  and  dutchy  of  Magdeburg, 
on  the  Elbe.  6  miles  NW.  Deflau,  and  22 
SSE.   Magdeburg.     Long.  12.  9  E.     Lat. 

Acken,  lee  Aix  la  Chapelle. 

Ackco,  a  town  of  Alia,  in  the  kingdom  of 
Birma,  on  the  Irawaddy.  96  miles  NNW. 
tlangon. 

Acklington,  a  townfliip  of  England,  in 
Northumberland.     8  miles  N.  Morpeth. 

Achxorth^  a  townlhip  of  England,  in  the 


ACQ 

weft-riding  of  Yorkfhire,  with  143a  inha» 
bitants.     8  miles  S.  Wakefield. 

Actiietli,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Schirvan.     6  miles  N.  Baku. 

Acq,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  province  of 
Guanuco. 

Acoba,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in'the  province 
of  Eftramadura.    4  miles  S.  Leiria. 

Acoda,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
Coaft,  near  Cape  Three-Points. 

Acolkuacan,  an  ancient  kingdom  of  Mex- 
ico, of  which  Tezuco  was  the  capital,  now 
a  part  of  Mexico-Proper. 

Acolastre,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Loire,  5  miles  above  Nevers. 

Acolin,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Loire,  6  miles  below  Decize. 

Acoina,  or  St.  Estevan  de  Acoina,  a  town 
of  New-Mexico,  fituated  on  a  mountain,  firft 
difcovered  by  Don  Juan  d'Onate  in  1599, 
when  he  was  kindly  received  by  the  inhabi- 
tants; but  Ibnie  time  afterwards,  fending  his 
nephew  with  a  detachment  to  demand  lome 
fupplles  which  had  been  promifed,  they  fell 
on  them,  killed  the  nephew,  and  6  of  his  men. 
In  revenge  Don  Juan  deftroyed  the  town. 

Aconcagua,  a  river  of  Chili,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean.    Lat.  t^j,.  S. 

Aco>:cagua,  a  village  or  town  of  Chili,  in 
South-America,  which  gives  name  to  a  ju- 
risdiL-lion ;  in  a  fertile  country,  fituated  at 
the  foot  cf  the  Cordeliers,  on  a  river  of  the 
fame  name.  7a  miles  ENE.  Valparayfo. 

ACfOpasi  or  Afoupas,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in 
the  road  from  Schiras  to  Ifpahan.  60  miles 
N.  Schiras. 

Apres,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.     8  miles  NE.  Guarda. 

yhjoresf  fee  Azores. 

Acory,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  the  coun- 
try  ot  Agra.     18  miles  S.  Kooch.  • 

Acos,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
archbifiiopric  of  Lima.   15  miles  SE.  Xauxa. 

Acostaj.ibf,  a  town,,  of  Peru.  30  miles  N. 
Guancavclica. 

Acijua,  a  town  of  Etruria,  celebrated  for 
its  baths.    15  miles  E.  Leghorn. 

AcquadagJia,  a  tov/n  of  the  dutchy  of  Ur- 
bino.     14  miles  S.  Urbino, 

Acqua  de  Corfari^  a  bay  on  the  wefl  coaft 
of  Sardinia.  Long.'i.  },o.Y..  Z.^/'.  39.  38.N. 

Acqua  della  Fico,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
the  province  of  Calabria  Ultra.  15  miles 
W.  Squillace. 

Acqua  Ncgra,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Mincio.  2  miles  NNE. 
Caneto. 

Acqua  Neg7-a.,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  upper  Po,  near  the  con- 
flux of  the  Adda  and  the  Po.  3  miles  W. 
Cremona. 

Acqua  Sparta,  a  town  of  die  Popedomi  ia 
Umbria.    10  miles  W.  Spoleto. 


A  C  R 

Acqua  Viva,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in 
the  Patrimonio.     8  miles  NNW.  Rome. 

Acqua  I' ha,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
country  of  Bari.     9  miles  SSE.  Bitetto. 

Acqtia  Vhct,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
Moliie.     19  miles  W.  Molife. 

Aequo.  Viva,  a  town  of  tb.e  marquifate  of 
Ancona,  at  the  head  of  the  Ragnola,  a  fmall 
river  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Venice. 
10  miles  NE.  Afcoli. 

Acqiianitc,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  Gulfof  Tarento.  Long.  17.  20.  E. 
I.at.  39.  3c.  N. 

Acqiuipi'r.i.'iitf,  a  town  of  the  Popedom, 
in  the  territory  of  Orvieto;  the  fee  of  a 
biihop;  iituated  on  an  eminence,  near  the 
river  Paglia.  9  miles  W.  Orvieto,  and  ^$ 
NNW.  Rome.  Lo7ig.  11.50.  E.  Lat.  42. 
43.  N. 

Acquara,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Prin- 
cipato  Citra.     13  miles  SW.  Cangiano. 

Acqiiaria,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Panaro;  fituated  on  a  mountain 
near  the  river  Panaro,  celebrated  for  its  me- 
dicinal waters.     18  miles.  SW.  Modena. 

Acqui,  a  town  of  Erance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tanaro,  lately  Monferrat,  fitu- 
ated on  the  north  bank  of  the  Bormia ;  it  is 
the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  fuffragan  to  the  arch- 
bifliop  of  Milan ;  and  is  celebrated  for  its 
hot  baths.  It  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards 
in  1745,  and  retaken  by  the  Piedmontefe  in 
1746.  On  AugulT:  13th,  1799,  the  Aulfrians 
were  driven  from  this  town  by  the  French; 
and  the  3d  of  November  roliowing  the 
French  in  their  turn  were  diflodged  by  the 
Auitrians,  with  the  lofs  of  300  men  taken 
prifoners,  and  a  great  number  killed  and 
wounded.  1 7  miles  SS W.  Alexandria,  and 
44  SE. Turin.  Long.2,.i().^.  Z,^/.  44.4.N. 

Acqs,  fee  y/.v. 

Acra,  a  town  of  Flindooflan,  in  the  circar 
of  Condapilly.     16  miles  NE.  Condapilly. 

A^ra,  a  country  of  Africa,  on  the  coaft  of 
Guinea,  S.  of  Aquambo,  to  v/hich  it  is  fubjed;. 

Acra,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  capital  of  a 
country  of  the  fame  name,  where  feveral 
European  ffates  have  forts  and  faclories. 
TLj.v^s^.  o.  14.E.     Zi.?/.  5.  40.  N. 

Acra,  or  Megarifh  UzzJcr,  a  town  of 
Arabi:=,  in  the  province  ot  Neeisjed.  60 
miles  N.  Kajar. 

Acraga,  a  river  of  Sicily,  wliichruns  into 
the  fea,  near  Girgenti. 

Acre,  or  St.  Joi:/i  c/"  Acre,  a  feaport  town 
of  Paleftine,  fituated  at  the  north  angle  of  a 
bay  which  extends  in  a  fenii-circle  of  9  miles, 
as  far  as  the  point  of  Mount  Carmel,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Kardan;ih,  or  ancient  Belus. 
The  ancient  name  was  /Ike,  or  Accoby ;  the 
Greeks  call  it  Ptolcinais.  JofepJius,  in  the 
loth  chapter  of  his  nth  book,  defcribes  the 
iituation  of  this  city :  "  It  Hands  on  the  iea- 
Ihore,  in  a  large  plain,  bounded  on  the  fouth 
Vol.  I.  C 


A  C  R 

by  Mount  Carmel,  on  the  eaft  by  the  moun- 
tains of  Galilee,  and  on  the  north  by  another 
mountain  called  the  Ladder  of  Tyre.  Ac- 
cording to  every  appearance  it  belonged  to 
the  tribe  of  Alher:  but  nothing  gives  us  rea- 
fon  to  fuppole  that  it  ever  was  in  the  hands 
of  the  Ifraelites."  The  ftme  hillorian  adds, 
*'  that  it  was  in  the  pofTefTion  of  Demetrius, 
the  ion  of  Seleucus ;  but  by  treachery  it  after- 
wards fell  into  the  hands  of  Antiochus  Epi- 
phanes.  Being  befieged  fome  time  by 
Alexander  king  of  the  Hebrews,  it  was  takea 
by  that  prince,  and  ceded  to  Ptolemy,  from 
whom  it  pafTed  to  Cleopatra  his  mother.  It 
acquireii  tlie  name  of  Ptolemais  under  the 
kings  of  Egypt,  by  whom  it  was  governed. 
The  Perfians,  under  whole  dominion  it  was 
for  fome  time,  made  it  a  barrier  againft  the 
attacks  of  the  Egyptians."  We  learn  from 
different  medals  that  Ptolemais  was  alfo  a 
Roman  colony.  The  Saracens  rendered 
thenifelves  matters  of  it,  and  called  it  Accuy 
from  one  of  its  firfl  names;  but  after  having 
retained  it  till  1104,  they  were  driven  from 
it  by  the  Chrilf  ians,  from  whom  it  was  taken 
by  Saladin  fultan  of  Egypt,  in  1187.  The 
Chrillians  recovered  it  m  1191,  after  a  fiege 
of  three  years.  Dating  from  this  cpocha, 
it  was  for  the  fpace  of  a  century  pofTefTed 
and  governed  at  the  fame  time  by  nineteen 
fovcreigns  ;  who  were,  Henry  king  of  Jeru- 
falem,  the  king  of  Naples  and  Sicily,  the 
Prince  of  Antioch,  the  Count  of  Jaflta,  the 
Count  of  Tripoli,  the  Prince  of  Galilee,  the 
Pope's  Legate,  the  Prince  of  Tarentum,  the 
King  of  Armenia,  the  Duke  of  Athens,  the 
generals  of  the  armies  of  Florence,  Piia,  Eng- 
land, and  Genoa  ;  and  laftly,  by  the  Grand 
Mafters  of  the  Orders  of  St.  John  of  Jerufa- 
lem,  the  Templars,  the  Teutonic  Knights, 
and  thofe  of  St.  Lazarus;  each  of  whom  en- 
joyed an  abfolute  and  independent  authority 
in  their  different  quarters.  This  diverfity 
of  governors  occafioned,  by  long  divifions, 
its  irreparable  fall  in  1291.  When  it  once 
got  into  the  hands  of  the  mfidels,  it  was  fack- 
ed  and  demoliflied,  never  more  to  rife  from 
its  ruins.  We  read  in  the  Maccabees,  that 
the  people  of  this  city  murdered,  by  the 
treachery  of  Tryphon,  Jonathan  the  brother 
of  Judas  Maccabeus,  with  20,00c  men.  Vef^ 
palian  and  Titus  relided  here  for  fome  time, 
to  make  preparations  for  carrying  on  the 
fiege  of  Jerufalem.  In  the  twelfth  century 
a  general  council  was  held  here,  to  delibe- 
rate refpcding  the  fiege  of  Damafcus.  Acre 
was  vifited  alio  by  the  Apoilles,  and  parti- 
cularly by  St.  Paul,  who  preached  Chrifti- 
anity  m  it.  At  the  time  whefi  Chriltianity 
prevailed  in  this  city,  it  had  a  bifhop,  who 
was  fuffragan  of  Tyre.  Acre  remained, 
long  after  its  ruin,  in  a  miferable  and  defert- 
ed  coodition.  Facca;din  prince  of  the  Dru- 
fes,  whole  ;iiras  coaquercd  iiU  Syria,  in  tlie' 


A  C  R 

"17th  e^rrtury,  attempted  to  ered  fome  edi- 
fices in  it,  and  to  render  it  more  habitable : 
but  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  he  in  feme  mea- 
Ture  deftroyed  the  harbour,  by  filling  it  up 
with  the  rubbifh  of  the  ancient  houfes.  His 
intention  was,  to  prevent  the  Grand  Seig- 
■fior's  galleys  from  approaching  it.  It  may 
be  eafdy  feen  from  the  veftiges  of  this  port, 
now  become  very  narrow,  that  it  muft  have 
been  very  commodious,  and  well  fheltered 
from  the  weftcrn  winds  by  a  thick  wallin 
the  form  of  a  mole,  of  which  fome  remains 
are  ftill  to  be  feen.  It  cannot  be  entered  but 
by  boats,  or  very  fmall  barks.  After  the 
fall  of  Faccardin,  the  city  of  Acre  came  un- 
der the  power  of  the  Ottomans,  who  every 
year  fent  thither  a  governor  chofen  by  the 
pacha  of  Saide.  But  his  power  did  not  ex- 
tend much  beyond  the  city,  bccaufe  the 
neighbourhood  was  inhabited  by  Bedouin 
Arabs,  a  plundering  people,  who  did  not 
even  Ipare  the  Ottomans  themfclvcs.  In 
the  middle  of  the  i8th  century,  Dalier  Omar, 
grown  powerful  by  the  afliltance  of  Ar.ib  for- 
ces, demanded  of  the  pacha  of  Saide  the  per- 
petual command  ofthe city andall  Galilee.  As 
the  pacha  had  no  power  to  grant  his  requelt, 
he  informed  the  Porte,  which  thought  pro- 
per to  comply  with  all  Daher's  commands : 
had  it  oppoled  them,  it  would  have  run  a 
great  rifque  of  lofing  even  the  myr,  or  an- 
nual tribute,  which  the  governor  proniifcd 
to  continue.  Daher,  who  v/ell  knew  how 
much  dependence  was  to  be  placed  on  the 
condcfcenlion  ofthe  Porte,  immediately  re- 
paired the  walls  and  the  citadel  in  the  beft 
manner  he  was  able.  Nothing  is  now  to  be 
feen  of  this  ancient  city  but  the  ihapelefs  re- 
mains of  monuments  ereftcd  in  it  by  the 
Chrilfians.  In  the  weltern  part  are  found 
fome  ruins  of  a  church,  dedicated  to  St, 
Andrew.  The  biiliop's  palace  was  contigu- 
ous to  this  church;  and  the  governor  caufcd 
a  new  one  to  be  urei^ted  on  its  foundation.' 
In  order  to  fill  up  fome  fubterraneous  parts, 
he  ordered  a  great  number  of  marble  ftatues 
and  bufts,  njprelcnting  different  faints,  to 
be  thrown  into  them.  At  a  little  dillance 
thence,  may  be  feen  the  remains  ofthe  har- 
bour for  galleys,  and  thole  of  the  arfenal. 
In  the  lame  fpot  there  was  alfo  a  conlidcr- 
uble  building,  at  prelcnt  almoft  deftroyed, 
which  the  Knight-Templars  ufed  as  an  hof- 
pital:  and  called  the  iron  cajlle,  becaufe  it 
it  had  been  daubed  over,  on  the  (idc  of  tJie 
iea,  with  a  compofition  made  from  the  drofs 
of  tliat  metal.  The  palace  of  the  grand 
martcr  of  the  order  of  St.  Jolin  ofjerulalcm, 
with  the  whole  extent  ofthe  hofpital,  ferves 
for  a  habitation  to  the  chief  of  Acre.  In  thfc 
northern  part  of  this  fquare,  and  near  to  tiie 
gate  of  Na/.arcth,  are  the  ruins  ofthe  church 
and  mon;iftery  ofSt.  Clara.  It  AVas  in  this 
'  memorable  afylura  tliat  ibme  virtuous  virgins 


A  G  R 

mutilated  their  vifages,when  the  city  was  rack- 
ed and  taken,  to  fecure  themfelves  from  the 
brutality  of  thebarbarians ;  who,  findingthem 
only  objeifts  of  horror,  butchered  them  with- 
out mercy.  What  remains  habitable  of  this 
edifice  ferves  as  a  kind  of  barrack  for  a  par- 
ty of  foldiers.  The  few  places  of  religious 
worfliip  to  be  found  in  Acre  at  prefent  are 
of  a  modern  date.  There  are  three  mofques, 
two  churches  for  tlie  Roman  Catholics,  one 
for  the  Greek  Catholics,  another  for  tjie 
Maronites,  and  a  fynagogue  for  the  Jews. 
The  ftreets  of  Acre  are  all  fo  narrow,  that 
when  a  camel  nafl'es  along  the  broadeil  of 
them,  it  is  impoilible  for  any  other  animal 
to  pais  at  the  fame  time.  Cut  ftones  only, 
and  not  bricks,  are  employed  for  conltruL't- 
ing  !hc  houfes.  The  roofs  are  made  flat,  in 
the  iorm  of  terraces,  upon  which  the  inha- 
bitants walk.  In  the  city  there  are  two  ba-, 
zars,  or  markets,  always  well  iiipplied  ;  one 
contains  provilions  of  every  kind,  and  the 
other  is  furnifhed  with  an  affortment  of 
cloths  anil  IhifFs.  In  the  famefpot  tliere 
are  alio  two  pub'jc  baths,  orn;imented  with 
niarbie,  and  preuly  vvell  conftrucfed ;  there 
are  here  liliewifeleveral  cofFee-houfes,  which 
give  it  a  lively  and  agreeable  appearance. 
The  new  city  is  dilfant  only  one  mile  from 
the  ancient  walls;  but  it  will  take  more  than 
an  hour  to  travel  over  the  ground  which 
they  indole.  It  may  ffill  be  perceived  that 
the  firll:  Acre  was  originally  furrounded  by 
atriple  fortilication,  I'eparated  bytv/o  ditches, 
one  of  which  without,  and  the  other  within, 
received  the  vvaters  of  the  fca.  As  they 
were  cut  out  of  the  rock,  fome  parts  of  them 
are  ftill  endre.  At  certain  dillances  tJie, 
walls  were  flanked  with  towers.  After  the 
death  of  Dan.er  Omar,  the  pacha  of  Saide 
removed  the  feat  of  his  government  to  Acre  ; 
XQ  that  it  is  now  called  indiflerently  the  pa- 
chalic  of  Acre,  ur  the  pachalic  of  Saide. 
Tiie  port  of  Acre  is  one  ofthe  befl  litu,ated 
on  tlie  coaft,  as  it  is  fheltered  from  the  north 
and  north-wefl:  winds  bv  the  tou  n  itfelf ;  but 
is  gjeatly  choaked  up  lince  the  time  of  Fac- 
cardin, who  contented  himfc;lf  with  making 
a  landing-place  for  boats.  The  fortirications, 
though  more  frequently  repaired  than  :mv 
other  in  all  Syria,  are  of  no  importance; 
there  are  only  a  few  wretched  low  to^vers 
neartheport,on  which  cannon  are  mounted, 
but  the  rufty  iron  pieces  are  lb  bad,  that 
fome  of  tliem  burft  every  time  they  are  fired. 
Its  defence  on  the  land  fide  is  only  a  mere 
garden-wall  without  any  ditch.  This  coun- 
try is  a  naked  plain,  longer  than  that  of  Sur, 
but  not  fo  wide  ;  it  is  furrounded  by  fmall 
mouniains,  which  make  an  angle  at  Cape 
Blanct),  and  extend  as  far  as  Carmel.  The 
unevennefs  of  the  country  caufes  the  winter 
rains  to  fettle  in  the  low  lands,  and  form 
lakes  which  are  unwholefome  in  funimer 


ACS 

from  their  infeflious  vapours.  In  other  rc- 
fpeds  the  foil  is  fertile,  :ind  both  corn  and 
cotton  are  cultivated  with  the  grcateft  fuc- 
cefs.  Thefe  articles  form  the  bahs  of  the 
commerce  of  Acre,  which  is  becoming  more 
flourilhing  every  day.  Of  late  the  pacha, 
by  an  abufe  common  throughout  all  the 
Turki'h  empire,  has  monopolii'ed  all  the 
trade  in  his  own  Iiands:  no  cotton  can  be 
fold  but  to  him,  and  from  him  every  purchafe 
mull  be  made;  in  vain  have  the  European 
merchants  claimed  the  privileges  granted 
them  by  the  fultan  ;  the  pacha  replied  that 
he  was  the  fultan  in  his  country,  and  con- 
tinued the  monopoly.  Thefe  merchants  in 
general  are  French,  and  have  lix  houfes  in 
Acre,  with  a  conful ;  an  Imperial  agent  too 
is  lately  fettled  there,  and  a  few  years  fince 
a  refident  for  RuHia.  That  part  of  the  bay 
of  Acre,  in  which  fhips  anchor  with  the 
greateft  fecurity,  lies  at  the  north  of  Mount 
Carmel.  The bottomisgoodholding-ground, 
and  does  not  chafe  the  cables;  but  this  har- 
bour is  open  to  the  north-weft  wind,  v/hich 
blows  violently  all  along  the  coaft.  In  17^9, 
great  damage  was  done  by  an  earthquake, 
and  the  year  follovvang  5000  perfons,  near 
one-third  of  the  inhabitants,  were  carried  off 
by  the  plague.  In  May  1799,  the  French, 
under  the  conduct  of  Buonaparte,  laid  liege 
to  this  place ;  but  the  Turks  being  afllfted 
by  a  fmall  party  of  Englifli  under  the  com- 
mand of  Sir  Sidney  Smith,  the  French  were 
repulfed  with  great  lofs,  and  compelled  to 
retreat.  24  miles  S.  Tyre,  and  45.  N.  Jeru- 
falem.     Long.  t,^.  9.  E.     I.at.  32.  50.  N. 

Acri,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Calabria 
Citra.     5  milesE.  Bifignano. 

Acri,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs  into 
the  Gulf  ofTarento.  Long.  16.40.  E.  Lat. 
40.  20.  N. 

Acrbigton,  a  town  of  Eugland,  in  Lan- 
calhire.  In  i"oi,  the  number  of  inhabitants 
was  3077,  of  whom  1600  were  employed 
in  trade  and  manufaflures.  9  miles  E. 
Blackburn. 

Acri  Ilia,  a  town  of  Sicily.  36  miles 
WNW.  Mazara. 

Aero?!,  or  Akron,  a  country  of  Africa,  on 
the  Gold  Coaft,  not  extenlive,  but  fertile, 
and  abounding  in  game.  It  is  divided  into 
two  ftates  ;  one  an  ariftocracy,  the  other 
governed  by  a  king;  united,  but  each  inde- 
pendent of  the  other.  The  Dutch  have  a 
fort  with  two  batteries  in  a  town  called 
Apajn,  or  Apaiig.  The  fituation  is  advan- 
tageous for  trade. 

Acroteri,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Santorin. 
I  mile   WSW.  Scaro.      Long.  25.  24.  E. 
Lat.  36.  27.  N. 
Acs,  fee  Ax. 

Acftca,  a  town  of  Alia,  in  the  kingdom  of 
Cabul.     5c  miles  S.  Cabul. 
Acju^  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in  Na? 


ADA 

tolia,  on  a  fmall  river  which  nms  into  the* 
Sakaria.     20  miles  E.Ifnik. 

Acfu,-x  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  KjtO- 
ha.     15  miles  SE.  Burfa,  and  35  SVV.  Ifnik. 

_  Acfii,  a  town  of  Alia,  and  capital  of  a  pro- 
vince of  Little  Bukharia,  taken  by  the  troops, 
of  Timur  Bee  in  1408.  108  miles  E.  Crili- 
gar.     Z^;/i^75.X5.E.     Z,^./.  43.N. 

Ana,h  town  ofSyria.  3omiles  SE.  Aleppo. 

Afiarn,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  provirce 
of  Adirbeitzan.     120  miles  N.  Tabris. 

A^tas,  a  town  of  Chinefe  Tartary,  in  the 
country  of  the  Eluths.  60  miles  NE.  Tour- 
fan,  and  130  NW.Hami. 

A(io):,  a  village  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Middlefex,  near  which  are  Ibme  medicinal 
fprings,  that  in  the  middle  of  the  i8th  cen- 
tury were  in  confiderable  repute.  In  1801, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  1425.  5  miles 
WNW.  London. 

Aeion-Bzirnell,  a  village  of  England,  in 
Shropfliire.  Here  are  the  remains  of  a  caftle 
in  which  a  parliament  was  held  in  1283,  un- 
der Edward  I.  The  popiilation  272.  7  niiJes 
S.  Shrewfbury. 

AchI,  a  fmall  fea-port  on  the  north  coafl 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  named  by  Co- 
lumbus the  harbour  of  St.  Thomas.  This 
place  the  Englifh  took  by  ftormin  Feb.  1794. 
8  miles  SSW.  Cape  Francais. 

Acul  L\  a  town  on  the  fouth  coaii:  of 
St.  Domingo.     10  miles  SW.Les  Cayes. 

^t-«/;//^,  a  town  of  Mexico.  30  miles  N. 
Mexico. 

Acwmdi,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  theAbruz- 
zo  Ultra,  on  the  weft  (ide  of  the  Tronto. 
17  miles  NW.  Aquila.    Loiig.  13.  30.  E. 

//<://.  42.45.  N. 

Acy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Ailhe.     3  miles  SE.  Soi/lbns. 

Aday  a  town  of  Circaffia.  15  m.N.  Anapa. 

Ada,  a  town  of  xifiatie  Turkey,  in  the 
province  of  Natolia,  about  3  miles  from  the 
river  Sakaria,  in  the  road  from  Conftanunc- 
pie  to  Ifpahan,  chiefly  Inhabited  by  Arme- 
nians.   40  miles  W.  Angiira. 

Adacs,  or  Adaejfes,  a  Spanifh  fettlement  io  ' 
New-Mexico,  not  far  from  the  borders  of 
Louiiiana,  containing  about  60  mean  houfes. 
It  is  lituated  on  an  eminence,  and  defended 
with  pallifadoes.  450  m.  NW.New  Orleans. 
Long.  93. 45.  W.     Lat.  32. 3.  N. 

Adaguefa,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  prov.  of 
Aragon,  on  the  Verp.    12  m.  NW.Balbuftro. 

Ada] a,  a  river  of  Spain,  that  runs  into  the 
Duero  between  Simaiicas  and  TordelJJlaj. 

Adak,  one  of  the  Fox  Iflands  in  the  Noith 
PacificOcean.  /.57/J.18  ^.4.E.  Zi?r.,-3.4©.N. 

Adalavigur,  a  town  of  Hlndooilai.,  in  the 
county  of  Agra.     la  miles  S.  Agiti. 

Adatgucz, or  Adahi-rus,  a  tv^v.'n  of Curdif-    ' 
tan,  on  the  nonh  cc:'il  of  aie  i..ke  of  Van. 
15  miles  E.  Aklat. 

Adalia^  a  diilrict  ot  Egypt,  where  oiJy   ■ 


ADD 

one  houfe  is  found,  in  which  a  bey  with  a  few 
foldiers  collefts  the  tribute  to  be  fent  to  the 
pacha,     a  miles  NE.  Cairo. 

Adam,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  the 
province  of  Moldavia.  lo  miles  NNW. 
Galatz.    Long.  27.  56.  E.    Lat.  45-  58.  N. 

Adam^-Bridgey  a  ledge  of  rocks  extend- 
ing about  30  miles,  between  the  north  coaft 
of  Ceylon  and  the  coall  of  Coromandtl. 

Adam's  Creek,  a  river  of  North-Carolina, 
which  runs  into  Pamptico  -Sound.  Long. 
76.  5>W.     Z^/34.  55.N. 

Adam's-Peak,  a  mountain  in  the  ifland  of 
Ceylon;  fo  called  by  Europeans,  and  by  the 
natives  Hamalel ;  about  60  miles  from  t'x' 
coaft,  and  vifible  by  vefTels  at  lea  aboutas 
far  from  the  land.  The  Gentoos  often  vifit 
it  as  pilgrims,  being  perfuadedthat  the  place 
is  holy.  3a  miles  S.  Candi.  Long.  80.  43. 
E.    Lat.T.G.^. 

Adatnancctta,  a  town  of  Hindooi'hin,  m 
thi  Myfore.  5  miles  SV/.Darampoory,  20 
S.  Salem. 

Adn^nasi  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Cordova.     18  miles  NE.  Cordova. 

Adamsdorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Upper-Saxony,  and  New  Mark  of 
Brandenburg.     3  miles  E.  Lippehne. 

Adana,  a  feaport  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  and 
capital  of  a  government  in  that  part  known 
by  the  name  oi  AladuUa-,  fituate  on  the  river 
Scihoun,  near  the  pafs  of  Mount  Taurus, 
formerly  known  by  the  title  oi  PyLv  Ciliclce; 
it  is  defended  by  a  caftle  on  a  rock,  and  is 
the  relidence  of  a  pacha.  The  inhabitants 
are  compofed  of  Greeks,  Armenians,  Turks, 
and  Jews;  and  the  town  lying  not  above  10 
or  I  a  miles  from  the  fea,  is  much  relorted 
to  from  other  towns  for  the  purchafe  of  wine, 
corn,  and  fruits.  In  v.'inter  the  air  is  healthy, 
but  towards  April  it  becomes  unwholefome, 
when  fuch  inhabitants  as  can,  retire  more  in- 
land. 170  miles  SSW.  Sivas,  and  150  SE. 
Cogni.    Long.  :;)S.  6.  E.    Lat.  37.  N. 

Adana,  a  river  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  wliich 
runs  into  the  Mediterranean  a  little  below 
the  town  of  Adana.  This  river  is  alfo  called 
S'lhon.  Its  mouth  is  in  Long.  t,^.  17.  E.  Lat. 
36.  48.  N. 

Adarcand,  or  Aderkand,  a  town  of  Grcat- 
Bukharia.    40  miles  SW.  Kogend. 

Adafa,  a  town  of  Abyllinia.  70  miles  S. 
Gondar. 

Adat,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Niphon.     30  miles  N.  Nanibu. 

_  Adavced,  a  town  of  Ilindooflan,  in  the 
ttirciirof  Cuddapa.  10  miles  W.  Combam. 

Adaunipoiir,  a  town  of  IJengal,  in  the  cir- 
par  of  Burdwan.  36  miles  SSE.  Burdwan. 
Long.  88.  iS.  E.  Lat.  jz.  42.  N. 

Adayci,  fee  Adacs. 

Adboronv,  a  town  of  Pa!cll:ine,near  Saphet. 

Adda,  a  river  which  lifcs  in  the  Mount 
l^rauiis,  in  the  country  of  the  Grifons,  and 
runs  into  the  Po  near  Cremona. 


A  D  E 

Adda  and  Oglio,  a  department  of  Italy, 
formed  of  part  of  the  Bergamafco.  It  con- 
tains 169,410  inhabitants,  who  elect  la  re- 
prefentatives. 

Addar,  a  iort  of  Bengal,  in  the  circar  of 
Nagpour.     24  miles  NW.  Doefa. 

Adder  V/ater,  a  river  of  Scotland,  formed 
by  two  branches  called  tlie  Black  and  White 
Adder.  The  former  of  thefe  ftreams  rifes 
in  Berv/icklhire,  about  10  miles  W.  Green- 
law ;  tlie  latter  in  the  fouth  part  of  Hadding- 
tonPaire:  about 9 milesE.Dunfe  thefe flresms 
uniteto  fr.rm  the  vVdder,  which,  alter  an  eait- 
erly  courfe  of  10  miles,  falls  into  the  Tweed 
a  miles  above  Berwick. 

Addingham,  a  tov/nfliip  of  England,  in 
the  \wtii.  riding  of  Yorklhire,  on  the  Wharf. 
In  1 801,  the  population  was  1157,  of  thefe 
488  were  employed  in  trade  and  manufac- 
tures.    5  miles  S.  Skipton. 

Addijon,  a  county  of  Vermont,  in  the 
United  States  of  America. 

Adehiau,-i  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
n?^t-  of  Kalifh.     25  miles  SSW.  Kaliflr. 

*AdehuU,  a  town  of  Sv/iflerland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  Lucerne,  on  the  lake  ofSempach.  7 
miles  jMW.  Lucerne. 

Adeca,  a  town  on  the  fcuth-wefl  coail  of 
the  ifland  of  TencrifFe. 

Adeenagur,  or  Ajhenagur,  a  town  of  A.iia, 
in  the  Cabulllfan,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river 
Karaeh.  50  miles  ESE.  Cabul,  and  75  NE. 
Ghizni.     Long.  69.  ■},$'  E-  I'at.  34,  15.  N. 

Adeenapoury  a  town  of  KindooHan,  in  the 
country  of  Lahore.  56  miles  NE.  Lahore. 
Long.  74.48.  E.     Lat.  3a.  12.  N. 

Adegein,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lys.     15  miles  E.  Bvuges. 

Adel,  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  In  the  country 
of  Ajan.  The  inhabitants  are  white,  but 
they  become  gradually  browner  towards  the 
fouth.  There  are  among  them  a  great 
many  negroes,  and  in  the  back  part  ot  the 
country  Bedouin  Arabs,  all  Mahometans, 
mortal  enemies  of  the  Abyllinians,  and  inte- 
refted  in  being  fo,  becaufe  they  enrich  them- 
felves  by  the  plunder  they  take  from  them. 
They  are  no  lefs  hoftile  to  the  Europeans, 
againft  whom  thev  carefully  Ihut  every  en- 
trance into  Abyflinia,  h'om  a  dread  that  this 
harrafl'ed  empire  might  call  in  foreigners  to 
defend  it  from  their  incuriions.  The  King 
of  Adel  is  under  the  protedion  of  the  Grand 
Seignor,  but  without  being  tributary.  His 
kingdom,  which  v/as  formerly  extenfive, 
contains  feveral  cities;  and  it  is  faid  to  have 
been  founded  by  an  Abyfllnian  prince  of  the 
royal  blood,  who  efcapcd  from  the  prifon 
in  which  he  was  confmed.  To  maintain  his 
power,  he  became  a  P/Iahometan.  Being  an 
a[)ofl:ate  and  periecutcd,  he  had  two  motives 
lor  entertaining  a  motral  hatred  to  his  coun- 
trymen ;  which,  being  tranfmitted  to  his  der 
fcendants,  is  the  more  formidable,  as  it  is 
advantageous  to  them.    The  country  ex- 


A  D  E 

tends  about  600  miles  in  length  ;  the  princi- 
pal towns  are  Adel,  Zeila,  Auga-Gurclla, 
and  Barbera.  The  chief  trafhc  confilts  in 
gold-dull,  ivory,  frankincenfe,  and  Oaves. 

j4delherg,-Mo\vn  ofGcrniany,in  the  duchy 
of  Wurtemberg.  6  miles  SE.  Schorndorff. 
5  N.  Goppiagen. 

j4dc//>erg,ov  j^Jc/Jper^idtown  o^Gzrm!LX\Y, 
in  Lower-Carniola,  iituated.on  a  mountain, 
near  the  river  Alben.  la  miles  ENE.Tricfte. 

Adelfors,  atownof  Swcden,inthe  province 
ofSmaland.  Zo//^.  15.4.E.  Lut. ^i.tG.^. 

AdclJdorfyiL  town  of  Germany,  in  princi- 
pality of  Ciilmbach.  2  m.SE.MarktErlbach. 

Addforfi  a  town  of  Bavaria.  7  miles  SW. 
Forcheim. 

Addgiaust  fee  Adalguez. 

Adellof,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
ofSmaland.  Zo?/^.  14.  29.E.  /.d'/.jS.  i.  N. 

Adeliiiansfelden,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  of  Swabia.  6  miles  W.  Elwangen. 

Adcltiau,  or  Odebio^  a  town  of  Poland,  in 
the  palatinate  of  Kalifli.  20  miles  SW.Kalifh. 
Long.  17.  ■},^.  E.     Lat.  51.  30.  N. 

Adelphi,  or  Fratclli,  four  fmall  iflands  in 
the  Grecian  Archipelago,  about  7  miles  ESE. 
Scopelo.     Long.  24.  4.E.     Lat.  39.  22.  N. 

Aden,  a  fmall  ftate  of  Arabia  Felix,  bound- 
ed on  the  fouth  by  the  Indian  ocean,  on  the 
weft  and  north  by  the  dominions  of  the  Imam, 
and  on  the  calf  by  the  country  of  Jafa.  It 
was  formerly  fubjei5t  to  the  Imam,  but  from 
the  year  1730,  it  has  been  governed  by  an 
independent  fcheich. 

Adeti,  a  feaport  of  Arabia,  and  capital  of 
a  lordlhip,  in  the  country  of  Yemen  ;  with  a 
good  harbour  on  the  Arabian  fe;i,  but  little 
commerce.  It  is  lituatcd  at  the  foot  of  a 
barren  mountain,  and  ftrongly  fortified :  near 
it  is  a  lohy  rock,  fteep  and  difticult  of  accefs. 
The  inhabitants  are  fupplied  with  provilions 
from  theadjacentcountry,and  from  the  coaft 
of  Africa.     Long.  j^^.Y..     Lat.  12.  40.  N. 

Adcnorc,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  Car- 
natic.     5  miles  S.  Volconda. 

Adenda,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  empire 
of  Morocco,  and  province  olTenifena. 

Aderauipar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Travancore.     t,^  miles  NE.  Porcah. 

Addrhorgt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Ifircle  of  Uppcr-Saxony,  and  dutchy  of  Po- 
merania.     9  miles  NW.  Stettin. 

Adcrcan,  a  town  of  Perfla,  in  the  province 
of  Lurillan.     60  miles  NE.Laar. 

Aderkan,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
ofFarlillan.     135  miles  S.  Schiras. 

Aderkand,  fee  Adarcajid. 

Aderno,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of 
Demona,  fituated  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Etna. 
It  was  anciently  called  Adranuvi,  and  built, 
it  is  faid,  by  tlie  elder  Dionyfms.  In  the 
city  was  a  temple  dedicated  to  Adranus,  the 
tutelar  god  of  the  Siculi  ;  whither  natives 
and  foreigners  flocked  at  itatcd  times  to  make 


A  D  I 

their  offerings,  and  implore  the  proteiftion 
of  the  deity.  JElian  tells  us  that  a  thoufand 
malHfF  dogs  were  conftantly  kept  here, 
which  would  fawn  on  benefacftors  to  the 
temple ;  conduct  drunken  perlbns  home  in 
the  night;  but  fall  on  thieves,  and  tear  theni 
in  pieces.    17  miles  WNW.  Catania. 

Adcrjlehen, atownof  Germany,in  thepiin- 
cipalityofHalberitadt.  i6m.SE.Halberltadt. 

Adcrvau,  a  mountain  of  Periia.  60  jniles 
NE.  Suiter. 

Adeypour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Mewa't  country,     t,^  miles  W.  Cotputly. 

Adgadtia,  a  town  on  the  ifland  of  Guan, 
one  of  the  Mariana  ifles,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Adgigimge,  a  town  of  Hindooft.in,  in 
Oude.     34  niiles  SW.  Lucknow. 

Adbergat,  a  town  of  Syria,  on  the  frontiers 
of  Arabia. 

Adjaf/iali,  a  town  of  Imiretta.  Z5  miles 
SSVV.  Cotatis. 

Adjazzo,  fee  Ajazzo. 

Adje-dee,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  rifes  in 
the  fouthern  part  of  the  country  of  Algiers, 
and  aftera  courfeof  25omiles,  generally  eaft, 
runs  into  the  lakeMelgig,  in  Bileduigerid. 

Adjerud,  or  Adjeroufe,  or  Ajentd,  a  for- 
trefs  or  fquare  cafile  of  Egypt,  in  which  is  a 
garrifon  of  Turkifli  loldiers,  on  the  lite  of 
the  ancient  Heroopolis;  part  of  the  road  lead- 
ing from  Adjerud  is  in  a  hollow  way  which 
fbme  have  thought  to  be  die  canal  of  Trajan. 
10  miles  N.  Suez. 

Adige,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  rifes  in  the 
Alps;  palTes  by  Tyrol,  Brixen,  Trent,  Ve- 
rona, and  runs  mto  the  Adriatic  fea  24  miles 
S.  Venice.  This  river  was  known  to  the 
ancients  by  ihc  nAma  oi  Athejis  ;  the  Ger- 
mans call  it  Etscb. 

yldigetfo,  a  river  which  branches  off  from 
the  Adige  in  the  Polefmo  de  Rovigo,  and, 
palfing  the  town  of  Rovigo,  joins  tlie  main 
river  about  10  miles  below. 

Adji,  a  river  of  Hindooftan,  which  rifes 
in  Bahur,  joins  the  Jellinghy,  about  10  miles 
weft  of  liiflienagur  in  Bengal,  and  with  it 
forms  the  Hoogly. 

Adignur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     15  miles  \Y.  Bcder. 

Adiiifdh-,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.     9  miles  SE.  Artaki. 

yldjodin,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  fu- 
bah  of  IMoultan,  on  the  Setledge.  115  miles 
E.  Moultan, 90  S.Lahore.  Lcig.  73. 30. E. 
Lat.  30.  21.  N. 

Adirbeitzan,  aprovinceof  Perfia,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Georgia,  on  the  eait  by  the 
Cafpian  Sea,  on  the  fbuth  by  tlie  provinces 
of  Ghilan  and  Irak,  and  on  the  weft  by  Ar- 
m.enia.  The  chief  towns  are  Tabris  ani 
Schamache.  This  conftitutes  a  part  of  the 
ancient  Media. 

Ad'ifalavi,  a  town  of  Abyfiinia.  13  ?  milcj 
SSW.  Gondar. 


ADM 


ADM 


Adjunte,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dow- 

Katabad.     15  miles  WNW.JafEerabad. 

AdUga,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Nile.     2  miles  S.  Damietta- 

Adlijberg,  a  town  of  SwifTcrland,  in  the 
canton  of  Lucerne.     13  miles  V/.  Lucerne. 

Adlifv-iily  a  town  cf  Swifferland,  in  the 
canton  of  Zurich.     4  miles  S.  Zurich. 

Adl-vja?tg,  a  town  of  Auftria.  9  miles  SV/. 
Steyr. 

yLiHiral'' s  Co-ce,  a  creek  in  the  bay  of  For- 
mofa,  on  the  eaft  lide  of  Newfoundland. 

Admiralty-Bay^  a  bay  on  the  north  coafl: 
of  Tavai  Poenan:raou,  the  fouthernmoft 
ifland  of  New  Zealand,  between  Cape  Ste- 
phens and  Cape  Jiickfon. 

Admiralty-ljlaiid!,  a  number  of  {inall 
iflands  at  the  entrance  of  Admiralty-bay,  in 
New-Zealand,  difcovered  by  Lieut.  Cook, 
in  1769.     Long.  \%^.z.V'J.  L^/f.  40.  48.  S. 

Adni!ralty-.lj!n?:dj,  a  clufiier  cf  iflands  in 
the  Eaftern  li-dian  Ocean,  difcovered  by 
Capt.  Carteret  in  the  year  1767.  The  in- 
habitants came  off  in  canoes,  and  beginning 
to  throw  their  darts  and  lances  agauift  tlie 
crew  of  Capt.  Carteret's  fnip,  he  ordered 
feme  (hot  to  be  fired,  by  which  two  or  three 
of  the  Indians  were  killed.  They  appear 
to  be  the  fame  kind  of  people  met  with  at 
New-Ireland,  of  a  very  dark  copper  colour, 
nearly  black,  with  woolly  heads  powdered. 
They  chew  bc:etle-.iut,  and  go  quite  naked, 
txcept  fome  rude  ornaments  about  thejr 
legs  and  arms.  Their  lances  were  pointed 
■\vith  a  bluifli  flint.  One  ot  then-  canoes  was 
taken,  which  was  50  feet  in  length,  made  out 
of  one  tree,  with  an  outrigger;  in  it  were 
found  fix  fifh,  a  turtle,  foine  yams,  a  cocoa- 
nut,  and  a  bag  full  of  a  fniall  kind  of  apple 
or  plumb,  of  a  fwcetifhtafte  and  farinaceous 
fubflance.  Thefe  iflands  li^emed  to  be  be- 
tween twenty  and  thirty  in  number,  with  a 
beautiiu)  appeararce.  On-"  ifland,  along  the 
fouth  fide  of  which  thevefl'J  iailed,was  about 
54  miLs  in  length  from  cail  ',0  weft.  Long. 
of  the  center  146.  44.  E.  Lai.  2. 18.  S. 

Admi.  alty-ljlandy  a  large  ifland  in  the 
North  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  wefl  coafl  of 
North-America, between  King  George  Illd's 
Archipelago  and  the  continent:  84  miles  in 
lengthfrom  north  to  fouth,  andaboiit  25  miles 
broad  for  as  much  as  50  miles  in  'he  center, 
aftersvards  leflening  gradually  towards  each 
extremity.  Mr.  Wiiidbcy,  one  of  Captain 
^Vancouver's  mates,  in  his  obfervations  on 
this  ifland,  remarks,  that  notwithflanding  it 
fecmed  to  be  compofed  of  a  rocky  fiibftance, 
covered  with  little  foil,  and  that  chiefly  con- 
(ifting  of  vegetables  in  an  imperfcifl  ftate  of 
diflblution,  yet  it  produced  timber,  which  he 
con'idcred  as  fliperiorto  c-ny  before  noticed 
on  this  fide  of  America.  He  alio  ftates,  that 
ii  his  two  lafl  excurfionsfeveral  places  were 
Iccn,  whcrctheoccan  was  evidently  incroach- 


ing  very  rapidly  on  the  land,  and  that  the 
low  borders  extending  from  the  bafe  of 
mountains  to  the  fea  fide  had,  at  no  very 
rem.ote  period  of  time,  produced  tall  and 
ftately  timber;  as  many  of  their  dead  trunks 
were  found  fl:anding  erect,  and  ftill  rooted 
fall:  in  the  ground,  in  different  ftages  of  de- 
cay; rhofe  being  the  mofl;  perfect  that  had 
been  the  1  ;afl:  fubjefc  to  the  influence  of  the 
fall  water,  by  which  ihcv  were  furrounded 
on  every  flood  tide,  f  uch  has  been  the  in- 
croaclmient  of  the  fea  on  thefe  fliores,  that 
the  fli:)ri.er  ftumps  ;n  fome  inflances,  at  low 
water  mark,  were  eyen  v/ith  or  below  the 
furface  of  the  fea.  Long.  2z-.  10.  to  226. 
31.  E.     Lai.  t;'^.  ?..  to  cS.  24.j'. 

Adf/urairy-Jaiet,  a  deep  narrow  gulf  in 
the  Gulf  of  New-Georgia,  difcovered  by 
Capt.  Vancouver,  who  in  1792  erefted  a  tent 
on  ihore  for  the  purpofi;  of  making  fome 
agronomical  obfervations,  and  repairing  the 
top-fail  yard;  and  picciied  on  a  Ipot  near  a 
village,  if  it  mav  be  fo  dignified,  ?s  it  ap- 
peared the  moll;  lowly  and  meaneft  of  its 
kind.  The  beft  of  the  huts  were  poor  and 
miferable,  conftruded  fomething  after  the 
fafhion  of  a  foldier's  tent,  by  two  ci  ofs  flicks 
about  five  feet  high,  connedled  at  each  end 
by  a  ridge-pole  from  one  to  tlie  other,  over 
fome  of  which  was  thrown  a  coarfe  kind  of 
mat,  over  others  a  few  loclb  branches  of 
trees,  fhrubs,  or  grafs ;  none  nowever  ap- 
peared to  be  conflrufted  for  proieding  them 
either  againfl  the  heat  of  fummcr,  or  incle- 
mency of  the  winter.  In  them  were  hung 
up  to  be  cured  by  the  fmcke  of  the  fire, 
clams,  mufcles,  and  a  few  other  kinds  of 
fifh,  ieemingly  intended  for  their  winter's 
fubfiftcnce.  The  clams  perhaps  were  not 
allreferved  for  that  purpole,  as  we  frequently 
faw  them  ftrung  and  worn  about  the  neck, 
which,  as  inclination  diredfed,  were  eaten 
two  or  three,  or  a  half  dozen,  at  a  time. 
This  ftation  did  not  appear  to  have  been 
preferred  for  the  purpofe  of  fifhing,  as  we 
law  few  of  the  people  fo  employed;  nearly 
the  whole  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  village, 
which  confifled  of  80  or  100  men,  women, 
and  children,  were  bufily  engaged,  like 
fwincj  rooting  up  a  beautiful  verdant  mea- 
dow, in  quell  of  a  fpecies  of  wild  onion,  and 
two  roots,  which  in  appear;mce  and  talfe 
greatly  refembled  the  faranne,  particularly 
the  largefl  ;  the  fize  of  the  fmalleft  did  not 
much  exceed  a  large  pea.  Thefe  people  in 
their  perfbns  were  ill  made,  and  much  be- 
fmeared  wjth  oil  and  other  paints,  particu- 
larly with  a  red  ochre,  and  a  fort  of  a  fhi- 
ning  chaffy  mica,  very  ponderous,  and  in 
colour  much  refembling  black  lead ;  they 
likewife  poflefTed  fljme  ornaments,  efpecially 
fuch  as  were  made  of  copper,  the  article 
moft  valued  and  efteemed  amongfl  them. 
The  dogs  belonging  to  this  tribe  of  Indians 


ADO 


ADS 


were  numerous,  and  much  refemble  thofe  of 
Pomerania,  thoun;h  in  general  fomewhat 
laiger.  They  were  all  (horn  as  cloic  to  the 
fkin  as  flieep  are  in  England ;  and  lb  com- 
paft  were  the  fleeces,  that  large  portions 
could  be  lifted  up  by  a  corner  without  cau- 
hng  any  feparation.  They  were  conipol'cd 
of  a  mix*^urc  of  a  coarfe  kind  of  wool  with 
very  fine  long  hair,  capable  of  being  i'pun 
into  yarn.  This  gave  Capt.  Vancouver  rea- 
fon  to  believe  tliat  their  woollen  clotiiing 
might  in  part  be  compoi'ed  of  this  material 
mixed  with  a  finer  kind  of  wool  from 
fome  other  animal,  as  their  garments  were 
all  too  Sne  to  be  mimufaiflured  irom  tlie 
coarfe  coating  of  the  the  dog  alone.  The 
abundance  of  thefe  garments  amongftthefew 
people  met  with  indicates  the  animal,  trom 
whence  the  raw  material  is  procured,  to  be 
very  common  in  this  neighbourhood;  but  as 
they  have  no  one  domdHcated  excepting 
the  dog,  their  lupply  of  wool  for  their  clo- 
thing can  only  ht  obtained  by  hunting  the 
wild  creature  that  produces  it ;  of  which  no 
information  could  be  obtained.  Long.  2;, 7. 
38.  to  237.  48.  E.  Lat./^-j.  20.  to  4P..  12. N. 
Admontt  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Stiria.  6 
miles  NE.  Rottenmann. 

Admuncotta,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Barram^aul  country.  6  miles  S.  Darcn:!poury. 
Ado,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Sweden,  between 
the  Baltic,  and  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  eatl  of 
Aland.  Long.io.\\.Y..  jL;?/.  60.  19.  N. 
Adot  a  linall  ifland  of  Sweden,  in  the  gulf 
of  Bothnia,  near  the  coall  of  Finland.  Long. 
22.  3 I.E.     Z/i?/.  63.  44.  N. 

Adohfurt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  ofHohenlohe.  2  m.SVV.  Ohringen. 
Adolf  seek,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  the  Upper  Rhine,  and  lordfliip  of  Id- 
ilein,  belonging  to  the  houle  of  Nallau.  8 
miles  W.  Idftein. 

Adorn,  or  Thcton,  a  town  of  Hungary, 
(ituated  on  the  Danube.  12  miles  S.  Off  en. 

Adorn,  a  country  of  Africa,  in  the  interior 
part  of  the  Gold  Coail,  on  the  river  Sama. 

Adoni,  a  circar  of  Hindooflan,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Golconda,  fituated  on  the  foutii  fide 
of  the  Tungebadra,  to  the  north  of  the 
Myfore. 

Adoni,  a  town  of  Hindooll:an,  which  gives 
name  to  a  circar  in  the  country  of  Golconda. 
188  miles  N.  Seringapatam,  and  130  SSW. 
Hydrabad.  Long.  j^.i^.^.  Zir^/".  15.  37.  N. 
Adonis,  a  river  in  Africa,  which  rifes  in 
the  mountains  SW.  of  Tetuan,  and  runs  in- 
to the  fea  between  Arzilla  and  Tangier. 

Adorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  Vogt- 
land.  4  miles  S.  Oelfnitz.  Long.  12.  16. 
E.     Lat.  50. 15.  N. 

Adou,  or  ^laquas,  a  country  of  Africa, 
on  the  well  coalf,  between  the  rivers  Lagos 
and  Sueiro  d'Acofta. 


Adonr,  a  river  of  France,  which  difcbargcs 
itfelf  into  the  Bay  of  Bifcay  at  Bayonne. 

Adra,  a  river  of  European  Turkey,  in  Ro- 
mania, which  runs  into  the  Mariza  at  Adria- 
nople. 

Adra,  a  town  of  Syria.  15  miles  NE. 
Damafcus. 

Adra,  a  feaport  town  of  Spain, on  the  coafl 
of  the  Mediterranean, in  the  kingdom  of  Gre-        ' 
nada,  defended  by  a  If -ong  citadel.  45  miles 
SE.  Grenada.  Long.  3. 10.  E.  Lat.  36.  4.  N. 

Adra,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  the  province  of 
Grenada,  which  runs  into  the  Mediterranean 
near  the  town  of  Adra. 

Adragno,  a  town  of  Sicily.  20  miles  ENE. 
Mazara. 

Adramiti,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
N;!tolia,  fituated  on  the  call:  coafl  of  a  bay  » 
of  the  Archipelago,  called  the  gulf  of  Adra- 
miti. It  was  anciently  a  city  ofMyfia,  call- 
ed Addrnv:yitiipn,  and  was  founded  by  a 
colony  of  Athenians.  70  miles  N.  Smyrna. 
Loiig.z'j.'E.    Z^?/.  39.30.  N. 

Adrana,  a  town  of  Perfiajin  the  province 
of  Irak.  '  30  miles  E.  Hamadan. 

Adria,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Polefin  de  ' 
Rovigo,  on  the  Tartaro.  It  gives  name  to 
the  gulf  or  fea  called  the  Adriatic,  and  was 
formerly  a  place  of  confiderable  grandeur 
and  confequence:  it  is  yet  the  feeofa  bifliop, 
but  much  reduced  by  frequent  inundations; 
and  tlie  inhabitants  are  chiefly  flfhermen. 
Adria  was  taken  by  Hannibal,  when  he  made 
his  irruption  into  Italy.  15  miles  E.  Rovigo. 
Long.  12.  2.  E.     Lat.  45. 2. N. 

Adriampatam,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in        -^ 
Tanjore,  on  the  coafl.  32  miles  SE.  Tanjore. 

Adria  nople,  or  Andri7iople,'XZ\Vj  ofEuro- 
pean  Turkey,  in  Romania;  thefee  ofa  Greek 
arehbifliop,  under  the  patriarch  of  Conflan- 
tinople,  fituated  on  the  river  Marifa.  It  re- 
cdved  its  name  from  the  Emperor  Adrian, 
who  founded  it.  In  the  year  323,  a  battle 
was  fought  near  it  between  the  Emperor 
Conflantine  and  Licinius,  in  which  die  latter 
was  defeated.  Another  battle  was  fought 
here  between  the  Emperor  Valens  and  the 
Goths,  when  the  Romans  were  utterly  de- 
feated, with  the  lofs  oftwo-thirdsof  thearmy, 
and  the  death  of  the  emperor.  In  the  reign 
of  Conffantine  VIII.  it  was  taken  by  the  Bul- 
garians; and  finally  wrelledfrom  theChrifl- 
ians  in  the  year  1360,  by  Amurath  I.  114 
miles  WNW.  Conftantinople.  Long.zt.io.-  ' 
E.     /-«/.  41-41.  N. 

Adrianopoli,  fee  Ar^yro  Cajlro. 

Adriatic  Sea,  a  gulf  of  the  Mediterranean 
fea,  between  Greece  and  Italy,  extending 
from  Lat.  40.  to  45.  55.  N.  There  are  many 
iflands  in  it,  and  many  bays  or  Jmall  gulfs  on 
each  coatf .  It  is  alfocallcd  the  Gulf  of  Venice. 

yldsjar,  a  town  of  Arabia,  on  the  fouth 
coalf  of  the  Perfian  gulf,  inhabited  by  the 
MuliUim,  a  numerous  tribe  occupying  the 


A  D  V 

eour-try  between  Lachf;i  and  Oman.  80  miles 
iJE.  ElCatif.  Lo7ig.  48.  ao.E.  Lat.  26.  8.  N, 
Ad-jenture  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth-eaft 
coall  ot  New-Holland,  difcovered  in  1773 
by  Capt.  Furneaux,  who  fays,  "  Ave  lay  iiere 
five  days,  which  time  was  employed  in 
wooding  and  watering,  which  is  eafily  got, 
and  overhauling  the  rigging.  W^e  found 
the  country  very  pleafant ;  the  foil,  a  black, 
rich,  though  thin  one.  The  lides  of  the 
^,i^s  covered  with  large  trees,  and  very 
thick,  growing  to  a  great  height  before  they 
branch  off;  they  are  all  of  them  of  the  ever- 
green kind,  different  from  any  I  ever  faw; 
the  wood  Is  very  brittle,  and  ealily  fplit;  there 
is  very  little  variety  efforts,  having  feen  but 
two;  the  leaves  of  one  are  long  and  narro^v, 
and  the  feed  (of  which  I  got  a  few)  is  in 
the  fhapc  of  a  button,  and  has  a  very  agree- 
able fmcll.  The  leaves  of  the  other  are  like 
the  bay,  and  it  has  a  feed  like  the  white- 
thorn, with  an  agreeable  fpicy  tafte  and 
fmell.  Out  of  the  trees  we  cut  dov/n  for 
fire-wood  there  iiTued  ibme  gum,  which  the 
furgcon  called  gimi-lac.  The  trees  are 
moftly  burnt  or  Icorched  near  the  ground, 
fcccaiioned  by  the  natives  fetting  fire  to  the 
underwood  in  the  moil;  frequented  places ; 
snd  by  thefe  means  tliev  have  rendered  it 
taly  walking.  The  land  birds  we  fiw,  are 
n  bird  like  a  raven  ;  fome  of  the  crow  kind, 
black,  v/ith  the  tips  of  the  feathers  of  the  tail 
and  wings  u'hite,  their  bills  long  and  very 
flharp;  fijme  paroquets,  and  feveral  kind  of 
fmall  birds.  The  fe;i-fov,'l  are  ducks,  teal, 
and  the  flieldrake,  v/ith  a  white  bird,  about 
the  fize  of  a  large  kite,  of  the  eagle  kind. 
As  for  beaifp,  we  faw  but  one,  which  vv^as  an 
opofTum;  but  we  obferved  the  diing  of  fome, 
which  wc  judged  to  be  of  the  deer  kind. 
The  lifli  in  the  b<iy  are  fcarce;  thofe  v.-e 
caught  v/crc  mofrly  iharks,  dog-ffh,  and  a 
iiA^  called  by  the  feamen  nurli;s,  like  the 
dog-iiih,  only  full  of  little  white  fpots;  and 
fome  lifh  not  unlike  fprats.  The  lagoons, 
which  are  brackifh,  abound  v.ith  trout,  and 
feveral  other  forts  of  lifh.  While  we  jay 
here,  we  faw  feveral  fmckcs  and  large  fires 
about  8  or  10  nulcs  to  the  north,  but  ciid  not 
"ftcai:iy  of  the  natives;  though  they  freciuently 
come  into  tliis  bay,  as  tlicre  were  Icveral 
wij^wanis  or  luus,  where  we  found  foine 
kvis  and  nets  made  with  grafs,  ii".  which  T 
imagine  ihcy  carry  their  provilions  and  other 
?,rcei]:iries.  In  one  hut  we  found  the  fione 
they  Ihikt;  lire  with,  ai^dlindcr  made  of  bark ; 
.>lli>ii  fi^car,  which  was  made  fliarp  at  one  end. 
Thclv;  things  wc  brought  away;  lca\ingin 
the  room  of  ihcm  medals,  gun'-liints,  a  few 
nails,  and  an  old  empty  barrel  with  the  iron 
hoops  CM  it.  Theyjcem  to  be  qifuc  igno- 
f.ii:f  of  every  fort  of  metal.  The  boughs,  of 
v.hieh  their  huts  arc  made,  are  either  broken 
cc  iplit,  ar.d  ticdtocvcihcr  with  yrals  in  a  cir- 


A   D  V 

cular  form,  the  largeft  end  lluck  in  the 
ground,  and  the  fmaller  parts  meeting  in  a 
point  at  the  top,  and  covered  with  fern  and 
bark ;  fo  poorly  done,  that  they  will  hardly 
keep  out  a  fhower  of  rain;  in  the  middle  is 
the  lire-place,  furrounded  with  heaps  of  muf- 
cle,  pearl,  fcallop,  and  cray-fifli  fhells ;  w  hich 
appeared  to  be  their  chief  food,  though  we 
could  not  find  any  of  them.  They  lye  on 
the  ground,  on  dried  grafs,  round  the  fire; 
and  they  feem  to  liave  no  fettled  habitation, 
as  their  houfes  feem  built  only  for  a  few  days, 
but  wander  about  in  fmall  parties  from  place 
to  place  in  fearch  of  food,  and  are  aftuated 
by  no  other  motive.  We  never  found  more 
than  thicc  or  four  huts  in  a  place,  capable 
of  containing  three  or  four  perfons  each  on- 
ly; and  what  is  remarkable,  we  never  faw 
the  leail  marks  of  either  canoe  or  boat,  and 
it  is  generally  thought  they  have  none;  be- 
ing altogether,  from  what  we  could  judge, 
a  very  ignorant  and  v/retched  fet  of  people, 
though  nati\  es  of  a  country  capable  of  pro- 
ducing every  necefTary  of  life,  and  a  climate 
the  finefl  in  the  world.  We  found-not  the 
leafl  fign  of  minerals  or  metals."  Mr.  An- 
derlbn,  furgeon  to  the  Refolution,  who  was 
here  with  Capt.  Cook,  in  the  year  1777, 
fays,  "  at  the  bottom  is  a  beautiful  fandy 
beach,  which  feenis  to  be  wholly  formed  by 
the  particles  wafhed  by  the  fea  from  a  very 
fine  white  fand-ftonc,  that  in  many  places 
bounds  the  fliore.  This  branch  is  about  two 
miles  long,  and  is  ey.cellently  adapted  for 
hauling  a  fcine.  Behind  this  is  a  plain  or 
flat  with  a  brackifli  lake,  (lunning  in  length 
parallel  Mith  the  beach,)  where  we  caught 
v/ith  rods  many  whitiOi  bream,  and  fome 
fraall  trout.  The  other  parts  of  the  coun- 
try adjoining  the  bay  are  quite  hilly;  and 
both  thofe  and  the  Hat  are  an  entire  foreft 
of  very  tall  trees,  almofl  impalTable  through 
f!)rubsand  fallen  trees;  except  on  the  lides 
of  the  hills,  where  the  trees  are  thinner.  In 
the  vallies  between  the  hills  t!}e  water  drain- 
ing down  from  their  fides  formsfcme  brooks, 
fuiiicient  indeed  to  fupply  us  with  water,  but 
by  no  means  of  that  fize  we  might  exped  in 
lo  extenflve  a  country.  Upon  the  v^'hole,  it 
has  many  marks  of  being  naturally  very  dry. 
The  heat  too  is  great,  and  it  was  remarked, 
that  birds  were  feldom  killed  an  hour  or  two, 
before  they  were  co\eved  with  fn-:all  mag- 
gots. No  mineral  bodies,  nor  indeed  ffones 
of  any  other  fort  but  the  v/hite  fand-ftone 
already  mentioned,  were  obferved:  amongfl 
the  vegetable  produe^iors,  there  is  not  one 
we  could  find  which  afforded  the  lm;dlefl 
fubfiftence  for  nian.  The  only  quadruped 
we  got  was  a  fort  of  opolfum,  about  twice 
the  fize  of  a  laige  rat.  The  kangaroo  alfo, 
doubtlefs,  inhabits  here,  as  the  natives  we 
met  had  Ibme  pieces  of  their  ficins;  and  we 
alfo   faw   many  animals   run   through  the 


AEG 

thickets,  which  from  their  (ize  could  be  no 
other.  Tlierc  arc  fcveral  ibrts  of  birds,  but 
all  fo  fcarce  and  fhy,  that  they  arc  evidently 
much  harraffed  by  the  natives  :  the  principal 
forts  are  large  brown  hawks  or  eagles ; 
crows,  yellowifli  paroquets,  and  large  pige- 
ons. Some  large  black  fnakes  were  fcen  in 
the  woods;  and  we  killed  a  large,  hitherto 
unknown,  lizard,  fifteen  inches  long  and  fix 
round,  elegantly  clouded  with  black  and 
yellow,  belides  a  fmall  fort  of  a  brown  gild- 
ed colour  above,  and  rufty  below.  The  fea 
affords  a  much  greater  plenty,  and  at  leaft 
as  much  variety,  as  the  land.  Infci^ts,  though 
not  numerous,  are  her:  in  conliderable  va- 
riety. Amongll  them  are  grafshoppers, 
butterflies,  and  feveral  forts  ot  fmall  moths, 
finely  variegated.  There  are  two  forts  of 
dragon-ilies,  gad-flies,  camel-flies;  feveral 
forts  of  fpidcrs,  and  fomc  fcorpions;  but  the 
laft  are  rather  rare.  The  moft  troublefome, 
though  not  very  numerous,  tribes  of  infeds 
are  the  mufquitoes;  and  a  large  black  ant, 
the  pain  of  whofe  bite  is  intolerable  daring 
the  fliort  time  it  lafts.  The  mufquitoes, 
alfo,  make  up  the  deficiency  of  their  number 
by  the  fcverityof  their  venomous probofcis." 
/-!?/;^.  147.  29.E.    Led.  .\T,.  21.  S. 

Ad-jenture  Ijhind,  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean.     Long.  144.  18  W.     Lat.  17.5.S. 

Adiunmiip.,  a  village  of  Palelline,  in  the 
road  from  Jerufalcra  to  Jericho;  anciently  a 
town  belonging  to  the  tribe  of  Judah.  Mr. 
Mariti  calls  it  a  place  favourable  to  robbers, 
where  many  travellers  have  lofl  their  lives. 
Near  it  arc  ftill  to  be  feen  the  ruins  of  a  large 
kan,  or  inn,  built  of  cut  Itone.  It  is  called 
the  Samaritan  kan  ;  becaufe  it  is  believed 
that  the  Samaritan  carried  hither  the  unhap- 
py man  v/ho  had  been  wounded.  In  me- 
mory of  this  nol;le  aftion,  a  fmall  chapel 
was  formerly  erected  near  it,  at  which  pious 
travellers  were  accuftomed  to  flop  and  pray. 

Adiir,  a  river  in  England,  which  rifes  in 
the  weald  of  Suflex,  paltes  Steyning,  &c.  and 
runs  into  the  fea  at  Nev/-Shcreharn. 

Aduvieh,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Nik.     5  miles  S.  Cairo. 

yldzcl,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Riga.     20  miles  SW.  Dorpat. 

Adzaneta,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia, 
lituated  on  a  mountain  w  hich  extends  to  the 
frontiers  of  Arragon.  25  milesSW.Penifcola. 

Adzud,  or  Aifchud,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Moldavia.  9  miles  \^'SW.  Birlat. 
Z.c/;;^.  26.49. E.     /-^^.46.3.N. 

Adziil,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Walachia,  on  the  river  Jalonitza,  a  little 
before  it  joins  the  Danube.  5  miles  E.  Ja- 
lonitza, and  6   NW.  Kirfova. 

Acdhclzen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Bavaria,  celebrated  for  its  medicinal 
baths.    4  milts  S.  Traunlicin. 

.^i^ga,  fee  Ega. 


A  F  G 

Aegean  Sea,  now  generally  called  the  Ar- 
chipelago. 

Aelen,  fee  Aigle. 

Acljh^  fee  Ahjl. 

Aerdlng,  or  llrding.,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Lower  Bavaria.  14  miles  S.  Landfhu't, 
and  17.  NE.  Munich.  Long.  11.  ^2)'  E. 
Lat.  48.  15.  N. 

Aefchaek,  oxEfckack,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  circle  of  Swabia.  In  948,  when  tlic 
Duke  of  Swabia  laid  wafte  Lindau,  this  place 
fuffcrcd  greatly.     3  miles  N.  Lindau. 

Aefchy.,A.to\\'v\  of  Swiflerland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  Berne.     6  miles  SE.  Spietz. 

Adh-,  fee  Ath. 

Ad/hflifig,  a  town  of  Mainland,  the  prin- 
cipal Shetland  ifland.  11  m.  NW.  Kirkwall. 

Aevjkata,  a  town  of  Ruflian  Siberia,  fitu- 
ated  on  tiie  Irtifch.     60  miles  NW.  Tara. 

Afdii;:,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus, 
otherwife  called  Aiti/iio,  or  Andinio.  This 
was  one  of  the  four  cities  built  by  Ptolemy 
Philadelphus,  in  honour  of  his  filler  Arlinoe. 
16  miles  SW.  Batfa. 

Affang,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Auftria. 
9  miles  W.  Steyr. 

Affar,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  country  of 
Yemen.     60  miles  E.  Loheia. 

AJjarl:,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
the  pro\mce  of  Romania  on  the  Mariza. 
45  miles  SE.  Philipopoli. 

Ajfeln,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Weftpha- 
lia.     30  miles  WSW.  Brilon. 

Affleek^i  Canal,  (lb  called  out  of  compli- 
ment to  Admiral  Affleck,)  an  inlet  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  an  ifland 
v\^hich  is  lituated  to  the  north-welt  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales's  Archipelago.  Long,  (of 
the  entrance)  226.  15.  E.     Lai.  56.  7.  N. 

AJle/jk, '2.  town  oi  Germany,  in  Stiria.  6 
miles  N.  Pruck. 

Affjioo,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  countiy 
of  Sahara.     120  miles  NE.  Tombuiftoo. 

ylffon.v,  a  tovv^n  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
ofYaffon.     Z.^//^.  9.50.E.     Z.'?/.  16.  N. 

AfganiJIan,  a  name  given  to  the  moun-, 
tainous  country  between  Pcrlia  and  the  In- 
dus. The  people  deduce  their  origin  from 
Afghan,  a  fon  of  Japhet.  They  were  for- 
merly divided  into  two  principal  tribes,  one 
of  which  lived  in  the  mountains,  under  the 
general  name  of  Afghan;  and  the  other  on 
the  plains  to  the  fouthward,  diftinguiflied  by 
the  name  of  Balouche.  In  the  reign  of  111 
macl  Samani,  towards  the  end  of  the  9th  cen- 
tury, a  numerous  colony  of  Afghans  having 
quitted  the  country  of  Kandahar,  a  third 
tribe  was  formed  in  Hafarai,  the  eaftern 
part  cf  Herat.  The  latter  took  the  name  of 
Abdollees;  and  foon  after  embraced  tlie  Ma- 
homedan  religion,  which  they  communica- 
ted to  the  reft  of  their  nation,  who,  like 
themfelves,  had  till  that  time  profefil'd  the 
Magian  religion.    In  the  beginning  of  the 


A  F  G 


A  F  G 


eleventh  century,  the  tribe  of  Cligi,  the 
moil  numerous  and  powerful  of  the  three, 
v/as  almoft  entirely  deftroyed  by  the  cele- 
brated Mahomed,  founder  of  the  dynafty 
of  the  Gaznavids.  This  prince  had  efta- 
bfiHied  the  feat  of  his  empire  at  Ghizr.i,  in 
order  to  be  nearer  the  Indies,  which  he  in- 
tended to  conquer  ;  but  having  been  obliged, 
in  one  of  his  fuccefsfu!  campaigns,  to  return 
fuddenly  to  his  capital,  he  took  only  a  fmall 
body  of  troops  with  him,  and  ordered  the 
reft  to  follow  by  flow  marches.  His  army 
was  returning  in  feparate  detachments,  load- 
ed with  the  I'poil  of  the  nations  they  had 
fubdued,  when  the  temptation  of  booty  raifed 
him  new  enemies.  The  Cligis,  knowing 
that  his  troops  muftpafs  through  theirmoun- 
tains,  waited  for  them  in  the  defiles,  and 
fuccefsfuliv  defeated  feveral  different  bodies 
of  Mahomed's  army.  Thefe  Afghans,  how- 
ever, were  no  ftrangers  to  the  valour  and 
poAver  of  the  prince  whom  they  had  thus 
offended;  but  as  the  winter  was  near,  they 
concluded  he  would  not  attempt  to  revenge 
himfelf  till  towards  the  ipring,  when  they 
determiined  to  retire  into  that  part  of  their 
mountains  which  was  Icail  acceflible;  and 
if  the  enemy  could  reach  them  there,  they 
fhould  at  leafl  be  able  to  oppofe  him  the 
better.  Thisreafbning  was  plaufible  enough, 
but  Mahomed  eluded  the  difficulty;  for  he 
no  ibonei  received  the  news  of  the  defeat  of 
his  army,  than  he  aflcmblcd  the  beif  of  his 
troops,  and  notVv'iihflanding  the  rigour  of 
the  fealbn,  he  entered  the  country  ofCan- 
dahar  with  fuch  expedition,  that  the  news  of 
his  march  had  not  reached  the  enemy.  The 
Cligis,  having  l>een  compelled  by  the  feveriiy 
of  the  winter,  theirmountainsbting  extreme- 
iv  cold,  had  defcended  into  the  plains,  where 
they  divided  their  plunder;  Mahomed  at- 
tacked them  brifkly  on  every  lidc,  and  made 
io  terrible  a  fiaughter,  that  their  whole  race 
was  nearly  extirpated.  The  country  was 
at  length  re-peopled  by  a  fmiill  number  of 
families  who  had  made  their  efcape  into  the 
muunVLiins;  hut  it  wa.s  fo  thinly  inhabited  for 
{()me  ages,  thi.tti'carce  any  mention  was  made 
of  thcle  people  under  the  follov/ing  dynaff  y; 
And  It  Vv'as  not  till  the  reign  of  Timiir  Bee, 
tliat  they  appeared  as  numerous  and  formi- 
dable as  ihey  did  before  their  memorable  de- 
feat, 'I'he  Alxloilees,  havir.g  quitted  the 
country  ofCandahar  200  years  before,  were 
not  involved  in  the  fame  calamity.  Being 
free  from  any  foreign  yoke,  they  were  yet 
governed  by  their  ovv'n  laws,  till  towards  the 
beginning  of  the  17th  century,  when  the 
Ubefk  Tartars  having  made  an  irruption. in- 
to the  province  of  Herat,  tliis  tribe,  though 
.-imounting  to  ;,o,coo  families,  v/as  obliged 
to  have  rccourie  to  Abbas,  who  then  fat"  on 
the  throne  of  Po;  ih.  This  ]M-ince,  funiamcd 
T've  Great,  took  them  uuder  his  prctedtion, 


and  marching  \V!<-h  his  troops  againft  the 
ufurpers,  compelled  them  to  retire.  Whe- 
ther owing  to  gratitude  or  neceflity,  the 
Abdollees,  till  then  independent,  became 
tributary  to  their  deliverer;  and  the  only 
condition  they  infiffed  on  was,  that  the 
government  of  their  country  fliould  be  con- 
ferred on  none  but  an  Abdollee,  chofen 
from  among  their  chief  men.  Candahar 
was  then  under  the  protedfion  of  the  Mo- 
gul. Abbas  the  Great  having  given  fonje 
umbrage  to  the  fons  of  Myrza  Boyram, 
governor  of  the  province,  thefe  young  lords 
entered  into  a  fecret  treaty  with  Akbar 
emperor  of  Kindooflan,  and  fubmitting  to 
his  government,  opened  their  gates  to  a  body 
of  5000  horfe,  which  this  monarch  fent  to 
their  affirtance.  Akbar  kept  pofTefTion  of 
this  province  dui-'ng  his  life  ;  but  upon  the 
fucceffion  of  his  fon  Jehanghir,  Shah  Abbas 
returned  thither  with  an  army  of  jcooomen, 
•and  notwithflanding  the  mofl  vigorous  re- 
fiflance  he  made  himfelf  mafter  of  the  capital, 
the  government  of  which  he  committed  to 
one  of  his  generals.  The  Cligis  followed  the 
fate  of  their  country;  and  the  Abdollees  hav- 
ing fubmitted,  the  whole  nation  was  united 
once  more  under  the  doininion  of  Perfia.  In 
this  ficuation  things  continued  for  many 
years,  till  Ali  Merdan  Khan  having  by  his 
immenfe  riches  excited  the  jealoufy  and 
avarice  of  the  cruel  ShahSeffie,  grandfbn  and 
fucceflbr  of  Abbas  the  Great,  was  obliged, 
for  his  own  prefervation,  to  deliver  up  the  for- 
treis  and  country  to  the  Mogul.  Shah  Seffie, 
it  is  prefumed,  recovered  and  again  loll  this 
kingdom :  be  that  as  it  may,  it  fell  once 
more  into  the  hands  of  the  Indians,  at  which 
time  the  Cligis  were  not  Icfs  than  50,000  fa- 
milies, and  formed  the  principal  part  of  its 
inhabitants  :  but  they  fbon  had  reafon  to  be 
di;]atisfied  v/ith  their  new  maflers.  Thefe 
people,  according  to  their  ancient  cuifomj 
lived  for  the  moll  part  in  tents;  their  ordi- 
nary occupation  was  feeding  their  flocks; 
but  fuch  as  went  into  townS;  were  employed 
in  the  moft  menial  and  laborious  cfiices. 
Thefe  circumitancesj  and  the  tribute  which 
they  paid  for  the  right  of  paifurage,  ren- 
dered tliem  fo  contemptible,  that  the  name 
ofCligi  became  proverbial  of  reproach  among 
the  Indians  of  Candahar.  Of  all  offences, 
coniempt  is  the  hattfefltobe  foi^given.  Thefe 
Afghans,  not  finding  among  people  of  the 
liime  religion  as  themlelves  thofe  Ibntiments 
of  humanity  which  had  been  ihewn  them  by 
the  Perhans,  whom  they  coniider  as  heretics, 
rcfivcd  once  more  to  change  maflers.  With 
th.is  view  they  fent  a  fecret  deputation  to  the 
court  of  Perfra,  to  invite  Shah  Abbas  II.  to 
take  poflelfion  of  the  province,  which  he  did. 
Shah  Abbas  being  now  dcfrrous  of  acknow- 
ledging the  ferviccs  which  the  Afghans  had 
done  hiniia  different  expeditions, diftributed 


A  F  R 

rewards  among  their  chiefs,  and  reduced  the 
tribute  which  had  been  annually  paid  by 
thole  people.  They  continued  faithful  to 
their  new  mailers  till  the  end  of  Suliman's 
reign,  and  even  during  the  hrft  years  ot  that 
of  his  fon  HufTein,  that  is,  fo  long  as  they 
were  treated  as  fubjccls,  and  not  as  fla\cs  : 
but  the  cruelty  and  avarice  of  the  Pcrfiun 
governors  having  alienated  the  people's 
minds,  in  the  beginning  of  the  i8th  century 
the  Afghans  were  once  more  ripe  for  a  re- 
volt. In  the  year  1708,  they  chofe  MirVais 
for  their  king:  nor  was  this  ail;  thes-  after- 
wards aflually  invaded  Perfia,  under  Mir 
Mahmud,  fon  of  Mir  Vais,  with  fuch  fuccefs, 
that  the  conqueror  was  crowned  with  the 
royal  diadem  as  king  at  Ifpahan,  in  the 
year  1722. 

Africa,  one  of  the  four  principal  divifions 
of  the  globe,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
Mediterranean;  on  the  eaft,  by  the  ifthmus 
of  Suez,  the  Red  Sea,  and  the  Indian  Sea;  on 
the  fouth,  by  the  fouthern  Indian  Ocean  ; 
and  on  the  weft,  by  the  Atlantic.  Tt  extends 
from  37.  4.  ?>.I,atitude,tQ  Lat.  37.  N.  about 
4300  miles;  the  greatefl: breadth,  from  Cape 
Verd  to  Cape  Guardafui,  3500  miles.  Its 
form  has  been  compared  to  a  pyramid,  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  being  fuppofcd  the 
fummit,  and  the  northern  coaft  along  the 
Mediterranean  its  bafe.  Africa  may  very 
properly  be  divided  into  four  parts;  iirft,  the 
country  of  the  whites,  which  includes  Fgvpt, 
the  ftates  of  Barbary,  and  Sahara  or  tlie  De- 
fert;  fecondly,  the  country  of  the  blacks,  in 
which  are  included  Nigritia,  Guinea,  and 
Nubia  ;  thirdly,  Ethiopia,  which  is  fabdi- 
vided  into  Upper,  or  Abyinnia,  and  Lower, 
which  contains  the  country  of  Ct)ngo,  Mo- 
caranga,  and  Zanguebar;  and  fourthly, 
the  iflaods  round  the  coaft  of  Africa,  (viz.) 
Malta  in  the  Mediterranean,  the  Canaries, 
Cape  de  Verd  Iflands,  and  St.  Thomas  in 
the  Atlantic;  Madagafcar  and  Socotora  in 
the  Indian  Ocean.  Tht)agh  fituated  for  the 
moft  part  under  the  torrid  zone,  and  the  cli- 
mate very  hot,  the  coafts  are  well  peopled, 
and  divers  parts  of  the  interior  country  not 
lefs  lb:  the  heat,  which  is  infupportable  to 
a  ftranger,  a  native  hears  v/ithout  inconveni- 
ence; ibme  diftri(Sfs  are  exceedingly  abun- 
dant, where  lingular  plants  are  found,  and 
where  numerous  flocks  feed  in  rich  paftures; 
while  under  the  fame  latitude  are  vaft  de- 
ferts  covered  with  burning  fand.  Among 
the  animals  found  there  are  the  lion,  ele- 
phant, tyger,  panther,  rhinoceros,  giraffa  or 
cameleopard,  camel,  zebra,  antelope,  wild 
horfe,  jerboa,  fea-horfe,  civet  cat,  &c.;  di- 
vers kinds  of  apes,  crocodiles,  oftriches,  and 
ferpent?,  fome  of  an  enormous  fize;  eagles, 
with  an  infinite  variety  of  other  birds,  infects, 
and  fifh.  There  are  mines  of  fait,  white, 
grey,  and  red;  antimony  is  found  in  their 


AG  A 

lead  mines;  divers  mountains  produce  ful- 
phur;  but  the  riches  moft  fought  for  by  other 
nations  are  their  mines  of  gold  and  iilver. 
The  principal  objefts  of  conmierce  with 
Africa  are  whean,  dates,  .fruit,  Ibme  medici- 
nal plants,  the  wines  of  the  Canaries  and  Cape 
Verd  Illands,  gum,  gold-duff,  ivory,  fpices, 
pepper,  to  wl)ich  may  be  added  the  traffic 
for  il.ives  for  the  Weft-Indies.  The  princi- 
pal rivers  of  Africa,  arc  tlie  Niger,  Senegal, 
Gambia,  Zaira,  Coanza,  and  Nile;  the  prin- 
cipal mountains  are  the  Atlas,  the  mountains 
of  the  Moon,  and  the  Sierra-Leona. 

Africa,  a  fcaport  town  of  Tunis,  on  the 
coaft  of  Barbary.  90  miles  SE.  Tunis. 
Loiig.^  ir.  ID.  E.  Lat.  :,S'  30.  N. 

Aft  an,  a  river  of  Arabia,  which  runs  into 
the  Pcrhan  Gulf.    36  miles  SE.  El  Catif. 

Afva,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Baltic,  between 
the  ifland  of  Aland  and  the  coaft  of  Finland. 
Lo?ig,  20.  5 1.  E.    Lat.  60.  29.  N. 

Af^Mcjlad,  a  mine-town  of  Sweden,  in  the 
province  of  Dalecarlia  ;  originally  a  copper 
work  only,  but  enlarged  to  a  town,  with  a 
church,  and  a  royal  poll-houfi;:  fmall  copper 
money  is  coined  here.  10  miles  SE.  Hede- 
mora.     Lojig.  i6. 14.  E.  Lat.  60.  6.  N. 

Afzia,  fee  Ainpcdes. 

Af:^ulgur,  a  town  of  Afia,  in  the  country 
of  Almora.  20  miles  NNW.  Collipour. 

Agadak,  one  of  the  Fox  Iflands  in  the  N. 
Pacific  Ocean.  Loug.jc):;.'^.  Laf.^T,.  3  <;.  N. 

y^gadc's,ii  town  of  Africa,  and  capital  of 
tlie  county  of  Aflrjn,  which  includes  feve- 
ral  fmallcr  kingdoms  or  ilates  of  Nigritia. 
200  nriles  N.  Caflina.  Lo/ig.  i  •;.  E.  Lat, 
20.  5.  N. 

Agaie,  a  fmall  feaport  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Var,  on  the  coafl  of  the 
Meditcrrjinean.  9  miles  from  Frejus. 

Agakevial,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  Irak. 
35  miles  S.  Cafhan. 

Agalicpour,  a  river  of  Syria,  which  runs 
into  the  Mediterranean,  12  miles  SSW. 
Alexandretta- 

_  Agallegu,  or  Gallega,  an  ifland  in  the  In- 
dian lea,  near  the  coaft  of  Madagafcar. 
I^'ing.  54.  8.  E.  Lat.  10.  12.  N. 

Agaif/a,  a  fea-port  on  the  N.  coaft  of  tlie 
ifland  of  Cyprus,  probably  the  ancient  Arii- 
noe,  25  n)ijes  N.  Uaffa. 

Agauis,  a  fniaU  ifland  on  the  E.  coaft  of 
Ceylon,  with  a  town.  Loiig.  88.  E.  Lat. 
6.  45-  N. 

Agatiuji,  fome  fmall  iflands  in  the  Grecian 
Archipelago,  near  the  coall  of  Natolia. 
Long.  23.  39.  E.     Lat.  39.  2.  N. 

Agapia,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  iu 
Moldavia.     7  miles  SSE.Niemecz. 

Agapkonc-ju,  a  river  of  Siberia,which  runs 
into  the  Frozen  Ocean,  Long.  1^;.  14.  E. 
Z^/.  71.55.  N. 

Agara,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Sivas.     7  miles  \V.  Tocat. 


AGE 

^gat\ifondiiy2iX.ovjxi  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Dacca.     37  miles  NNE.  Dacca. 

Jigaree,  a  town  of  Africa,in  the  country  of 
Sahara.     130  miles  SE.  Gadamis. 

Agaro7i,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  Car- 
iiatic.  15  miles  NW.  Tiagar. 

ylgant7n,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Myiore.     6  miles  ESE.  Bangalore. 

jigathon,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus, 
IJtuated  on  the  north  coalT:.  16  miles  N. 
Famagufta. 

Agathonlftt  a  fmall  ifland  of  the  Grecian 
Arciiipelago,  about  3  miles  S.  from  theifle  of 
bamos.     Long.  25.  56.  E.    Lat.  37.  25.  N. 

Agalon,  a  imall  ifland  in  the  EngHlli  Chan- 
nel, near  the  coaft  of  France.  Long.  3.  30. 
W.    Zrt/.48.  49.N. 

Agatovt  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Benin,  on  the  Formofa.  12  m.  SW.  Benin. 

AgaJhhoH,  or  Agatoboli,  fee  Athaholi. 

Agaton,  or  Gattcn,  or  Goto,  a  town  of 
Africii,  on  the  coaft  of  Guinea.  80  miles  S. 
Benin. 

A'/at!i,or\e  of  the  Fox  iflands,  in  the  north 
I'aciiic  Ocean.  LoJig.  175. E.  Lat.  r,2.  30. N. 

AgiiH,  a  fmall  kingdom  of  Africa,  depen- 
dent on  ihe  Emperor  of  Abyllinia. 

Agaya,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  province 
of  CuHacan.     70  miles  NE.  St.  Miguel. 

Agayas,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifiand  of  Lugon.  Long.  120.  45.  E.  Lat. 
16.  42.  N. 

Agde,  a  feaport  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Herault ;  before  the  revo- 
lution, the  fee  of  a  billiop,  founded  in  the 
fifth  century.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
merchants  and  lailors.  It  is  fituated  on  a 
peninfula,  or  a  point  of  land,  near  to  the 
Gulph  of  Lyons,  between  the  mouth  of  the 
Herault  and  the  Jake  of  Thau.  21  miles  NE. 
Narbonne,  198  S.  Paris.  Long.  3.  37.  E. 
Lat.  43.  19.  N. 

Agca,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province  of 
Irak.  100  miles  E.  lipahan,  and  50  WSW. 
Gnerdcn. 

Agcduhna,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Barca.  80  miles  NNW.  Angela. 

Agcii,:\  citv  of  France,  and  capital  of  the 
department  of  the  Lot  and  Garonne  ;  iitu- 
ated  on  the  Garonne,  in  a  fertile  country;  it 
was,  before  the  revolution,  the  capital  of  a 
couiitrv  called  the  Agenois;  and  the  lee  of  a 
biTnop,  founded  in  the  fourth  century.  In 
1.-84,  this  town  declared  for  the  League;  and 
was  taken  for  the  king  in  1491,  by  the 
Comte  de  la  Roche.  Julius  Ccefar  Scaliger 
pniflifed  phyfic  in  this  city,  and  his  fon 
Jolrph  was  born  here  in  1540.  70  miles  E. 
Bourdeaux.  Long.o.  42.  E.  Lat.  44.  12.N. 

yfgcT,  a  lin;ill  ifland  of  Denmark,  in  the 
Balnc,  ntar  the  coaft  of  Lapland.  Long. 
11.31.E.    Lat.  54.  37.  N. 

Ager,  a  river  of  Aufirin,  which  runs  into 
the  Tiaum,  about  3  rniles  N.  Schwann^atu 


A  G  I 

jfger,  atown  of  Spain, in  Catalonia,  fituated 
at  thefootof  amountain.  12  m.  N.  Balaguer. 

Agercite,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Tra- 
vancore,  fituated  on  a  bay  of  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Malabar.  20  m.  N.  Anjenga. 

/^^'■^i'r,  or  y^^<fr,  a  river  of  Germany,  which 
fifes  near  Neuftadt,  in  the  county  of  Mark, 
and  runs  into  the  Sieg,  2  miles  W.  Siegberg. 

Aggerhiius,  a  bailiwick  of  Norway,  and 
one  of  the  five  principal  governments  of  the 
kingdom,  which  takes  its  name  from  a  caftle 
fituated  on  a  bay  about  3  miles  welt  from 
Anflo  or  Chriftiania,  the  caftle  of  which  is 
the  general  refidence  of  the  governor. 

Aggcrsoe,  ■Aim?L\\  ifland  of  Denmark,  in 
the  Greater  Belt.  6  miles  S.  Corfoer.  Long. 
II.  12.  E.  Lat.  s^.  12.  N. 

Aggeriiitovjn  of  Hindooftan,  inVifiapour, 
20  miles  SW.  Vifiapour. 

Agg'i,  a  river  of  Perfia,  which  runs  into 
the  Aras,  10  miles  S.  Nacfivan. 

Agg'ile,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  40  miles  ENE. 
Konigiberg. 

Aggifu,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Moful.   45  miles  N.  Tecrit. 

Aggspah,  a  town  of  Auilria,  on  the  Da- 
nube.    36  miles  W.  Vienna. 

AghaJoe,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Kerry, anciently  abifliop's  fee,  now  united 
with  Ardfert ;  an  archdeaconry,  and  the 
ruin  of  a  church  in  tliis  place,  v^ith  a  round 
tower,  are  all  the  memorials  of  the  bifhopric 
that  remain.     3  miles  NNW.  Killarney. 

Aghao,  fee  I{ao. 

Aghenljh,  an  ifland  of  Ireland,  in  the  river 
Shannon.     16  miles  below  Limerick. 

Aghgeh,  a  towir  of  Abafcia,  on  the  coaft 
of  the  Black  Sea.    8  miles  S.  Anakopia. 

Agkifi,  fee  Agveh. 

Aghi  Daghi,  a  mountain  of  Armenia.  40 
miles  NW.  Erzerum. 

AghiDaghii  a  mountain  of  AfiaticTurkey, 
in  Natolia.    15  m.  NW.  Aphiom  Karahifar. 

AgJmiJh-Point.,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Ireland,  in  the  county  of  Galway.  Lcng.f), 
I.  W.  Lat.  Si.  8.  N. 

Aghrhn,  a  viUage  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Galway.  On  the  13th  July  1691,  a  bat- 
tle v/as  fought  near  this  town  between  the 
Irifh  foldiers  of  James  II.  under  the  com- 
mand of  General  St.  Ruth,  and  the  Englifh 
under  the  command  of  General  Ginckle  ; 
in  v.'hich  the  latter  obtained  a  complete  vic- 
tory. Genera!  St.  Ruth  and  4000  men  were 
killed,  and  6co  taken  prifoners ;  of  the 
Englifh  only  about  800  were  killed.  39  miles 
N.  Limerick,  and  28  £•.  Galway. 

Agbris-Pointy  a  cape  of  Ireland,  on  the 
north  coaft  of  the  county  of  Sligo.  11  m. 
W.  Sligo.   Lotig.  9,  22.  W.  Lat.  54. 17.  N. 

Agia  LiUtra,  a  town  of  EuropeanTurkey, 
in  the  province  of  Macedonia.  19  miles  SE. 
S.iloniki.    Long.  34.  a8.  E.  Lat.  40.  j.  N. 


A  G  L 

AgiajGluck,  fee  Ajafalv.ck. 

Agimere,  a  fubah  of  Hindooflan,  bounded 
on  the  eaft  by  Agra,  on  the  north  by  Delhi, 
on  the  fouth  by  Guzerat,  and  onthe  weft  by 
the  fandy  deferts  which  arc  between  it  and 
the  Indus.  It  is  of  coniiderable  extent,  and 
contains  many  fmaller  ftates  or  governments; 
as  Agimere  proper,  Rampcur,  Joodpour, 
kantampour,  Joinagur,  Bapfwaleh,Nagore, 
and  Bikanecr. 

Agi7nere,\\  city  of  Hindooftan,and  capital 
of  a  fubah  of  the  fame  name  ;  iiuiated  in  a 
pleafant  valley,  furroundcd  on  ail  lides  by 
high  mountains.  It  is  fix  miles  In  circumfe- 
rence, and  defended  by  v/alls,  towers,  and  a 
ftrong  foftrefs.  In  ioa2,this  city  was  lacked, 
and  the  country  laid  wafte,  by  Mahmood  I. 
king  of  Ghizni.  In  the  beginning  of  the  i  yth 
century,  the  emperor  Jehangir  kept  his  court 
here.  170  miles  WSW.  Agra;  178  SW. 
Delhi.    Long.  75.  zc.  E.  Lat.  26.  35.  N. 

Aglncourt,  or  rather  Azincour,  a  \  ilhige  of 
France,  In  the  department  of  the  Straits  of 
Calais,  near  which  Henry  V.  king  of  Eng- 
land, v/ith  an  army  of  22,000  men,  gained  a 
complete  vidlory  over  an  army  of  6o,oco 
Frenchmen.  The  lofs  of  theEngiifh  an'.ount- 
ed  to  about  1700  private  men,  and  the  duke 
of  York,  the  king's  uncle ;  while  the  lofs  on 
the  fide  of  the  French,  befides  120  lords  car- 
rying banners,  and  feveral  princes  of  the 
blood,  amounted  to  8000  gentlemen  of  fami- 
ly, and  2000  private  men  killed,  and  14,000 
made  prifoners.  The  battle  was  Fought  the 
a5th  of  Ovflober  1415.  7  miles  N.  Hefdin, 
and  II  E.  Montreuil. 

Agin/ka,-^  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs  into 
the  Uda.  Long.  98.  14.  E.  Lat.  52.  20.  N. 

Agioi  Gregorio,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Me- 
diterranean, near  the  coaft  of  Natolia.  28 
miles  ESE.  Satalia. 

Agioi  Sdrcvita,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Candy.     16  miles  S.  Settia. 

Agioi  Surento,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  Albania,  on  the  coafloppoiite  the  ifland 
of  Corfu.  Long.  50.  6.  E.  Laf.  2;^.  50.  N. 

Agioi  Stepham,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey, 
in  Natolia,  near  the  fea  coaft.  5  miles  N\Y. 
Cape  Chelidoni. 

Agioloi  Baf^rcJ/eck,  or  Haz-Oghii-Bezar- 
zicb,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roma- 
nia. 40  miles  N\V.  Varna,  and  127  I>£. 
Adrianople. 

■^S'fp^'b'^i  ^  towu  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Congo. 

Agla,  or  AguiLz,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Fez,  near  the  river  Guarga. 

Aglafouii,  a  tov/n  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in 
Katolia.     8  miles  SW.  Ift>arteh. 

Aglia,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Dora,  late  the  marquifate  of 
Ivrea.     7  miles  S.  Ivrea. 

Agli-bajhi,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.    15  miles  E.  Alah-Shehr. 


AGO 

Agkne,  a  river  of  Pruflia,  which  runs  into 
the  Minnie,  near  Procculs. 

Agjmt._  or  Ag7i!af,  a  town  of  Africa,  In  the 
empire  of  Morocco,  iituated  on  the  weftern 
decifi'ity  of  Mount  Atlas,  near  a  river  of  the 
iumc  name.  This  town  gives  name  to  a 
province  wf.ich  forms  part  of  ancient  Mau- 
ritania; and  was  once  a  populous  city,  fur- 
rounded  with  walls.  The  foundation  is  at- 
tributed to  the  ancient  Africans  ;  and  It  is 
ailiirted,  that  when  the  Almoravidcs  palfcd 
frcjm  Numidia  into  Barbary,  here  were  6oco 
houles  ;  but  that  It  declined  by  the  incrcafe 
of  Morocco.  It  is  plcaJhntly  iituatcd,  but  at 
prefent  chiefly  Inhabited  by  gardeners,  pot- 
ters, and  labourers.    18  miles  SE.  Morocco. 

Agnioudejhu)?/,  or  Ameijlna?!,  a  town  of 
England,  in  the  county  of  Bucks,  in  the 
road  from  London  to  Aylefbury.  In  1801, 
the  number  of  Inhabitants  was  ai.-io,  of 
whom  1 198  were  employed  in  manufadures 
of  lace,  lacking,  and  cotton.  It  fends  two 
members  to  parliament;  market  on Tuefday. 
26  miles  NW.  London.  Lojig.  o.  38.  W. 
Lat.  51.  40.  N. 

Agfiadello,  or  Aignadelhy  a  village  of 
Italy,  In  the  department  of  the  Adda,  near 
wiiich  Louis  XI  I.  king  of  France,  de- 
feated the  Venetians,  commanded  by  tb.e 
Comte  de  Pcccliane,  in  May  1-09.  In  Au- 
guft  1706,  another  battle  was  fought  in  the 
fame  place,  when  the  duke  of  Vendome  de- 
feated Prince  Eugene.  It  is  f  tuated  in  acanal 
between  the  Adda  and  Serio.  12  m.  N.Lodi. 

Agnam,  fee  Goumel. 

Ag7iano,  a  remarkable  lake  of  Naples,  In 
tlie  country  of  Lavora,  about  three  miles  in 
circumference;  on  the  verge  of  which  are 
warm  baths,  called  the  baths  of  Agnano,  or 
more  ufually  the  baths  of  St.  Germain  ;  and 
the  Gi-otto  del  Cane,  the  vapours  of  which 
prove  filial  to  animals  held  too  long  over  it. 

Agnettin,  a  town  of  Tranfilvania,  on  the 
river  Herpach,  or  Hoprach.  10  milesWNW. 
Fogaras. 

y^^;z5,  atown  of  the  Helretian  republic,  In 
thebulliwick  of  Lugano.  3  m.  SW.I.ugano. 

AgtWy  or  i-'(7/;7^-,  a  river  of  Naples,  which 
runs  into  the  fea.  7  or  8  m.iles  N.  PuzzuoH. 

Agmn,  a  tov/n  of  Sicily,  between  Leontini 
and  Catania,  now  In  ruins. 

Agnona,  or  Anglo7:a,  a  town  of  Naples,  lo 
the  Abruzzo  Citra.  9  m.  SSE.  Civlta Borella, 

Ago,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the  ifland 
ofLu9on.  Lo7ig.\%Q.  ifi.Y..  Lat.  16.48.N. 

Agoada,  fee  Felusjs. 

Agoas  Bellas,  a  town  of  Portugal,  In  the 
provInceofEftramadura.  icm.  NE.I  homnr. 

Agoasde  Moura,  atown  of  Portugal, in  the 
provmceofEftramadura.  13  m.  NE.  Setuvai. 

Agoas  Oue7itas,2.  town  of  Portugal,  In  the 
prov.  ofEftramadura.  2im.ENE.Abrantes. 

Agohei,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  province 
of  Tremecen.  10  miles  from  Oran. 


AGO 

.^goga,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
ofWhidah,  on  the  Jakin.  i8  miles  SSW. 
Siab. 

j^s;ogna,tee  Gogna. 
'    Agogliaflro  or  Aguilajlro,  a  fmall  ifland  in 
the  Mediterranean.     3  miles  N.  from  cape 
Barbarolfa,  in  the  ifland  of  Sardinia. 

Agon,  an  ifland  of  Sweden,  in  the  gulph 
of  Bothnia,  with  a  good  harbour.  Lo7ig.  1 7. 
14.  E.  Lat.  61.3Z.N. 

Agonna,  a  country  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
coafl:,  adjoining  to  Acron  and  Aquambo. 

yfgW^,  atown  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
ofGeba.    ao  miles  W.  Geba. 

Agoree,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Benares,  i^  miles  W.  Bidzikur. 

Agojla,  or  AuguJIa.,  a  fea-port  on  the  SE. 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of 
Noto.  This  town,  built  by  the  Emperor  Fre- 
derick II.  near  the  ruins  of  the  Greek  city  of 
Megara,  covers  a  fmall  lov,'  peninfula,  joined 
to  Sicily  on  the  north  fide  by  a  long  caufe- 
■way.  On  each  hand  are  exteniive  falt-ponds. 
This  projedion  forms  a  very  fine  harbour, 
opening  to  a  fouthern  expofure,  but  fliel- 
tered  by  tlie  points  of  the  coaft  from  both 
■".vind  and  fwell;  ithas  ninefatlioms  of  water 
in  almofl:  every  part.  A  ruinous  citadel 
guards  the  land  gate  ;  and  three  forts,  buih 
on  little  iflands,  defend  the  entrance  of  the 
port.  The  country  along  the  oppolite  fliore 
is  beautifully  diversified  in  its  culture.  The 
Order  of  Malta,  when  poflefibrs  of  large 
t'fl:ates  near  Lentini,  eftabliflied  magazines  at 
Agofta  of  falt-meat,  bifcuit,  and  flour,  for 
tile  fupjjly  of  their  fliips,  which  continually 
pafled  between  the  iilands.  This  gives  a 
little  animation  to  the  place,  whicli  is  fcarceiy 
yet  recovered  from  thedevallation  caufed  in 
it  by  the  earthquake  of  169.?.  More  than  a 
third  of  the  inh.ibitants  wei  e  ci  uflied  to  death 
by  tiie  falling  of  tlicir  houfes  ;  the  motion  of 
the  earth,  or  fubtcrraneous  vapours,  fet  fire 
to  thepowder  magazine  in  the  citadel,  which 
blew  up,  and  added  dcfolation  to  defolation; 
the  water-forts  were  Iplitiollieirfoundadons, 
and  tlie  light-houie  thrown  iieadlong  into 
the  fea.  Since  that  tremendous  day,  the  town 
has  been  rebuilt  on  a  regular  plan,  with  low 
houfes  to  prevent  miichicf,  whenever  another 
ihcck  faail  happen.  18  miles  N.  Syracule. 
J^OTig.  15.  14.  E.  Lat.  37.  16.  N. 

Agojla,  an  ifland  in  the  Adriatic,  near  the 
toalt  of  Dalmatia,  about  18  miles  in  circum- 
ference, 9  miles  SVV.  from  the  ifland  of  Cur- 
zola.    Lo?!g.  18.  12.  E.  Lat.  43.  2.  N. 

ylgot,  a  iinall  ifland  in  the  Englifli  Chan- 
nel, near  the  coafl:  of  France.  Long.  ^.  i\. 
W.  Lat.  43.38.  N. 

Agon,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country  of 
W'hidah.     5  miles  N.  Sabi. 

Agonna,  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
coalt,  about  41^  nulcs  in  extent  from  mount 
Diabola  to  the  kingdom  of  Aquambo. 


A  GR 

Agoufa,  a  fea-port  of  the  ifland  of  Paros. 
Lo7ig.  25. 19.  E.  Lat.  37.  7.  N. 

Agoiit,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Tarn  near  Rabefteins. 

Agoyama,  a  Irnall  ifland  in  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia.  Loftg.  17.  84.  E.  Lat.  61.  33.  N. 

Agra,  a  fubah  or  province  of  Hindoofl:an, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  province  of 
Delhi,  on  the  eaft  by  Oude,  on  the  fouth  by 
Malwa,  and  on  the  weft  by  Agimere  ;  about 
175  miles  in  length,  and  not  much  lefs  in 
breadth. 

Agra,  a  city  of  Hindooftan,  and  capital  of 
a  province  of  the  fame  name,  fituated  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  the  river  Jumnah.  It  began  to 
increafe  in  the  i6th  century,  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  emperor  Acbar,  who  [called  it 
Acbarabad;  and  in  the  17th  and  beginning 
of  the  1 8th  century,  was  one  of  the  largell 
and  moft  celebrated  cities  of  India,  being  14 
miles  in  circumference;  regularly  fortified  in 
the  Indian  manner,  with  a  fine  citadel,  built 
of  red  freeftone.  This  city,  and  a  confider- 
able  traft  of  country  round  it,  are  in  the 
hands  of  an  Hindoo  people  called  Jates;  who, 
in  the  reign  of  Aurungzebe,  firft  appeared 
as  a  gang  of  banditti  under  a  bold  leader 
called  Chura  Mun ;  and  taking  advantage  of 
the  growing  weaknefs  of  the  empire,  after 
the  death  of  Aurungzebe,  eftabliflied  them- 
felves  among  the  hills  of  Narwa,  andfpread 
their  depredations  even  to  Agra.  They  are 
governed  by  arajah,whcfe  annual  revenues 
are  about  two  crores  of  rupees.  In  Oftober 
1803,  Agra  was  taken  by  afTault  by  theBritifh 
under  General  Lake.  92  miles  SSE.  Delhi. 
Long.  78.  28.  E.  Lat.  27.  15.  N. 

Agraganfk,  a  fortrefs  of  Ruffia,  in  the 
government  of  Caucafus,  fituated  on  a  point 
of  land,  which  extends  into  the  Cafpian  fea. 
65  miles  N.  Derbend.  Lc7ig.  49.  44.  E. 
Lai.  43.  5.  N. 

Agraifer,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
36  miles  NE.  Manickpour.  Long,  82. 17.  E. 
Lat.  26.  8.  N. 

Agrakova,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Archangel,  fituated  on  the  coaft  of 
the  White  Sea.  68  miles  W.  Archangel. 

Agraji/,  or  Z,agrab,  a  town  of  Croatia,  the 
fee  ofabifliop,  fulFragan  of  Colocza.  145  m. 
S.Vienna.    Long.  it.  16.  E.  Lat.  46.  N. 

Agratuont,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
fituated  on  a  mountain,  near  a  fmall  river, and 
capital  of  a  difb'id.  iom.NE.Balaguer,and 
8  NW.  Cervera.  Long.  o.  57.  E.  Lat.  41. 
45.  N. 

Agreda,  a  tov/n  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile, 
on  the  frontiers  of  Aragon,  on  the  fite  of  the 
ancient  Gracchuris.  9  miles  SW.Taracona. 

Agreda,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
country  of  Popayan.  40  miles  N.  Quito. 

Agri,  a  river  of  Naples,  wliich  runs  into 
the  Gulf  of  Tarcntum,  at  Pelicaro. 

Agria, fee  Eilau. 


AG  U 


A  H  L 


Agriga/},  or  If.atid  of  Xiivier,  one  of  the        -Uglier,  a  town  of  Morocco,  built  by  the 
Liidrones  or  P/I;iriana  iOands,  in  tlie  North    Purtuc;uefe,  who  have  long  lince  forfaken  it. 


Pacific  Ocean,  48  miles  in  circumference; 
it  is  mountainous,  and  has  feveral  volcanoes. 
Long.  146.  E.     Lilt.  19.  40.  N. 

Agrhmiitc,  or  Agrojuonte.,  a  town  oF  Na- 
ples, in  the  province  of  Balilicata.  8  miles 
W.  Turfi. 

Agrio7n:hy  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
in  tlie  pruvif'coof  Thcifaly,  which  runs  into 
the  fca  near  Zciton. 

Agrop'.ii,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Prin- 


Near  Cape  Aguer. 

Aguejlo,  fee  Coinmendo. 

Aguier  de  Bsira,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Beira.  21  miles  NE.  Vifeu. 

Aguigua?!,  or  the  IJland  of  Holy  Afigehy 
in  the  Paciiic  Ocean,  nine  miles  in  compafs, 
mountainous,  but  plealant,  and  formerly  well 
inhabited.  I'his  feems  to  have  been  the 
ifland  thatCapt.  Funnel  touched  at  in  1730, 
when  the  people  came  off  in  their  boats,  and 


cipato  Citra,  on  the  call  lide  of  the  Gulf  of    furniflicd  him  with  fifh,  eggs,  yams,  pota- 


toes, and  other  refrefhments.  He  offered. 
to  pay  them  in  money,  which  they  looked 
at,  and  refufed,  making  figns  that  they  would 
be  better  plealed  with  tobacco,  which  was 
given  them.  To  one  poor  Indian  who  went 
on  board  they  offered  a  glafs  of  brandy,  and 


Salerno.  ,^0  miles  NW.  Policaftro.  %% 
miles  SSE.  Salerno.  Long.  \£,.  ^t^.l^.  Lat. 
40.  ^^.  N. 

Agjui,  or  Oeg-iva,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the 
Gold  Coall,  .between  Cape  Coaft  and  Elmi- 
na;  containing  about  200  houfes. 

Agua  dj  Pao,  a  town  of  St.  Michael,  one    he  feeing  them  drink  it  freely,  ventured  to 
of  the  Azore  iflands.  fwallow  fome  of  it,  but  immediately  tumbled 

Agna  de  Poxes,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the    down  as  if  he  had  been  dead,  flaring  with 
province  of  Alentejo.     15  miles  S.  Evora.         his  mouth  open;  upon  which  they  put  him 

Aguaeatlan,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro-    on  board  his  own  prow,  recommending  him 
vince  of  Guafteca.     60  miles  S.  Panuco.  to  the  care  of  his  countrymen,  at  the  fame 

Agtuda,  a  river  of  Peru,  which  runs  into    time  giving  tliem  to  underftand,  he  would 


the  Pacific  Ocean,  Z,^/*.  24.48.S. 

Aguada,  a  fortrefs  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
country  of  Soonda,  on  the  coaft.  5  miles 
NW.  from  the  ifland  of  Goa. 

Agnadc,  a  river  in  America,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Darien,  which  runs  into  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  Lat.  6.  N. 

Agtiada  de  St.  Bras,  or  Vlees-Bay,  a  bay 
of  the  Indian  Tea,  on  the  coafc  of  Caffraria. 
Lori^.  39.  10.  E.     Lat.  34.  <;.  S. 


come  to  himfelf  in  a  little  time.  12  miles 
SW.  Tinian. 

Aguilar,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre.  11 
miles  SW.  Eftella. 

Aguilar,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Cordova.     32  miles  S.  Cordova. 

Aguilar  del  Campo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Old-Caftile.  40  miles  NW.  Burgos,  and  65 
ENE.  Leon.  Lofig.4,.  9.  W.  Lat.  42.47.  N. 

Agul,  a  river  of  Ruflia,  which  runs  into 


Aguada  de  Salda-ia.,  a  gulf  on  the  coaft  of    the  Kan.  Long.  95.  24.  E.  Lat.  52,.  16.  N. 


Africa.     45  miles  N.  Table-Bay. 

Aguadir  Tovi.t,  a  town  of  Morocco,  in 
the  province  of  Sas.  39  miles  S.  Santa-Cruz. 

Aguan,  a  river  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Honduras,  which  runs  into  the  Spa- 
nifh  main,  60  miles  W.  Cape  Camaron. 

A  guano,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
Audience  of  Quito.    20  miles  S.  La  Laguna. 

Agiiar,  a  town  of  Bihar,  in  the  circar  of 
Tyroot.     42  miles  E.  Darbungah. 

Aguatlan,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Xalifco.  30  miles  SE.  Compoffella. 

Aguaiviri,  fee  Avaviri. 

Agnatulco,  a  i'e.:port  town  of  Mexico,  in 
the  province  of  Guaxaca,  100  miles  SSE. 
Guaxaca.     Long.  97.  43.  W.     Lat.  16..  N. 

Agveh,  or  Aghiji,  a  tov/n  of  Afiatic  Tur- 
key, in  Natolia,  on  the  Black  Sea.  10  miles 
E.Erekli. 

Agueira,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.     21  miles  ENE.  Lamcgo. 

Aguelaon,  one  of  the  Laccadive  illands,  in 
the  Indian  fea.  Lo?ig.  73.  25.  E.  Lat.  ii.N. 

Agueperfe,  or  Aigueperfe,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  Puy-de-dome,  in  the 
diftrict  of  Rioni.     ii  miles  NNE.  Riom. 

Vol.  I.  D 


-i^^«;;a?,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Benin.     15  miles  SW.  Benin. 

Agiijarca,  a  town  of  Afia,  in  Mocaum- 
pour.     72  miles  W.  Mocaumpour, 

Ahar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  circar 
of  Gohud.  28  miles  S.  Narwa,  192  SE. 
Agimere.     Zw/^.  78.  30.E.  /.(J^  25. 14.  N. 

Aha/a,  or  Alja,  fee  Lackfa. 

Ahaus,  lee  Aakus. 

A'nditn,  a  town  ofPerfia,  in  Segeftan.  30 
miles  SSW.  Candahar. 

Ahdi>tgar,2i  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude, 
on  the  Dewa.    40  miles  SSE.  Goorackpour. 

Agadeep,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ben- 
gal.    31  miles  NNE.  Burdwan. 

Aheedo,  a  diftridt  on  the  north-eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Owhyhce. 

Ahsnu!,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  lake  Bathen. 
8  miles  W.  Benifuef. 

Aher,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Adirbeitzan. 
20  miles  N.  Tabris. 

Ahkooly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Myforc.     5  miles  S.  Chinna  Bakibarum. 

Ahlen,  fee  yllen. 

Ahlden,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Lower-Sdxony,  and  principality  ofLunc- 
burg,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Aller,  witii  a. 


A  I  A 

Y>alace  where  Sophia  Dorothea,  confort  of 
George  I.  king  of  England,  refided  from 
the  year  1694  to  1726,  after  the  reparation 
from  her  hufband.  20  miles  N.  Hanover. 
Long.  9.  40. E.     Lat.  52.  49- 

Ahterjledt,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Bre- 
men.    10  miles  S.Stade. 

Ahmirahad,iL  circar  of  Bengal,  furrounded 
on  all  fides  by  Dacca,  near  the  gulf  of  Ben- 
gal; about  40  miles  long  and  10  broad. 
CoHnda  is  the  chief  town. 

Ahoni,  a  feaport  town  of  Africa,  on  the 
4:oaft  of  Benin. 

jihr,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province  of 
Adirbeitzan.     39  miles  N.  Ardebil. 

Ahr,  a  river  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle,  which  runs  into 
the  Rhine,  2  miles  above  Remigen. 

Ahrahan,  fee  Arabatt. 

Ahrber^,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Aichftatt.  3  miles  SW.Ohrenbau. 

Ahrenfbock,  a  town  of  the  dutcliy  of  Hol- 
ftein.     12  miles  NNW.  Lubeck. 

Ahre?isdorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  tlie 
Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  6  miles  SSE. 
Potzdam. 

Ahrireah,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  Ben- 
g:J.     10  miles  W.  Purneah. 

Ahrouni,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  tlie 
province  of  liiffar,     2,5  miles  W.  Hiflar. 

Ahriveikr,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  PJiine  and  Mofelle,  formerly 
in  the  electorate  of  Cologn,  on  the  yihr, 
celebrated  for  its  wine.  24  miles  NW.  Cob- 
lentz.     Long.  7.  3.  E.    Lat.  50.  25.  N. 

Ai'ifa,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province  of 
Kernian.     60  miles  NW.  Kabis. 

Ahfa,  fee  Aha/a. 

Ahfa,  or  Aha/a,  fee  Akiiazi. 

Ahtarcen,  a  town  of  Syria.  1 6  miles  N. 
Aleppo. 

Ahuarka,  a  river  of  Quito,  \\  hich  runs  in- 
to the  Napo,  25  m.  NW.  St.  Jofef  de  Huates. 

/Ihuazt,  or  Ahivcts,  or  Havifa,  a  town  of 
Perfia,  in  the  province  of  Chuliftan,  on  the 
Karafu.  This  town  with  its  territory  is  in- 
dependent of  the  Sophy  of  Perfia,  and  go- 
verned by  one  of  the  defcendauts  of  Maho- 
met, called  Maula,  who  coins  money,  and 
exercifcs  other  marks  of  regality.  45  miles 
SW.  Suffer.  40  N.  BafTorah.  Long.  48.5:^. 
E.     Zw/.  46. 10.  N. 

Ahun^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depai  t- 
ment  of  the  Creufe.    8  miles  S.  Gueret. 

Ahuriguran,  a  town  of  Alia,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Cabul.    5  miles  S.  SufFa. 

Ahus,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
of  Schonen,  fituatcd  on  the  river  Helgc.  6 
miles  SSE.  Chriltianiladt. 

Ahwwan,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Comis.    30  miles  SSW.  Damegan. 

Alvwat  river,  fee  Karafu. 

Aia,  or  AlUa,  a  river  of  it;ily,  which  unites 
vitl)  the  Tiber  19  miles  above  Rome. 


A  I  A 

Ajah'ira,  or  Agavira,  a  town  of  South- 
America,  in  Peru.  105  miles  S.  Cufco. 

Ajaccioi  or  Ajazzo,  or  Adjazzo.,  a  town 
of  Coifica,  and  principal  place  of  a  diftridt, 
in  the  department  of  the  Liamone,  fituated 
on  the  north  fide  of  a  gulf,  to  which  it  gives 
name,  on  the  wefl  coafl  of  the  ifland.  The 
town  is  populous,  and  by  fome  confidered 
as  the  capital  of  the  ifland.  It  is  the  native 
place  of  Napoleon  Buonaparte.  33  miles 
SW.  Corte.    Zw^.8.  53.E.  Z^/.  41.  46.N. 

Aia-ka-la,  a  fortrefs  of  Turkifh  Armenia, 
on  Mount  Aras.  6  miles  SE.  Anifi,  and  60 
W.  Erivan. 

Ajivnati,  a  tov/n  of  the  principality  of 
Imiretta,  on  the  Rione.  10  miles  SE.  Cotatis. 

AiiV:,  or  Ajen,  a  country  on  the  eaftern 
coaft  of  Africa,  extending  from  Magadoxa 
to  Cape  Guardafui,6oo  miles.  Lat.  2  to  la 
N.  It  is  divided  into  feveral  ftates  or  king- 
doms ;  the  principal  of  which  are  Adel,  or 
Zeila,  and  Magadoxa.  All  the  eaflern  coail 
of  Ajan  is  faid  to  be  fandy  and  barren  ;  but 
to  the  north  the  country  becomes  more  fer- 
tile, producing  an  abundance  of  all  forts  of 
provilions,  in  which  it  drives  a  great  com- 
merce ;  and  more  particularly  in  an  excel- 
lent breed  of  horfes,  in  high  requeff,  which 
foreign  merchants  take  in  exchange  for  filks, 
cottons,  and  other  cloths. 

Ajaiuiba,  a  tovv'n  of  Cyprus.  16  miles 
SSW.  Famagulla. 

Aiandwin,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.     24  miles  WSW.  Sinob. 

Aiar-Cazra,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia. 
S^  miles  E.  Saganian. 

Aiai,  a  tov/n  of  Turkeilan.  45  miles  NE. 
Turkefian. 

Ahis,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Nato- 
lia, anciently  called  Therma;  celebrated  for 
its  warm  baths.     25  miles  W.  Angura. 

Aids,  or  Ajajpj,  a  feaport  town  of  Afiatic 
Turkey,  in  the  government  of  Marafch,  in 
a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  called  the  Gulf 
of  AjalPo;  celebrated  for  its  warm  baths. 
This  is  liippol'ed  to  be  the  ancient  -///«/.  36 
miles  SSW.  Marafch,  and  20  N.  Alexan- 
dretta.     Long.  36.  5.  E.     Lat.  36.  45.  N. 

Ajafaluck^x  village  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia,  inhabited  by  a  few  Turkiih families. 
Here  are  feen  a  neglcded  calfle,  a  grand 
mofque,  and  broken  aqueduft,  with  mean 
cottages  and  ruinous  buildings,  interfperfed 
among  wild  tlnckets.  Many  of  the  fcattered 
ftruetures  are  fquare  with  domes,  and  have 
been  baths.  The  callle  is  a  large  and  barba- 
rous editice,  with  fciuare  towers ;  within  it 
are  a  few  huts,  an  old  mofque,  and  a  great 
deal  of  rubbilh,  abounding  with  fcorpions. 
The  mofque  is» built  partly  of  flone,  and 
partly  of  veined  marble  polilhed.  The  two 
domes  are  covered  with  lead,  and  adorned 
with  cref cents;  in  a  court  is  a  fountain,  die 
bruken  columns  arc  the  remains  of  a  portico. 


A  I  C 

The  aqueducH:  conveyed  water  from  Mount 
Padyas  ;  and  among  the  pedcftals  is  found 
th&name  of  Atticus  Herodes,  whofe  ftatue 
it  fupported.  The  ruins  of  this  place  have 
been  taken  erroneouOy  for  Ephefus.  This 
city  ilourifhed  chieilv,  if  not  folely,  under 
the  Mahometans,  and  probably  it  was  found- 
ed in  the  i;,th  century,  fome  of  the  ruins  of 
Ephefus  b:;ing  brought  thither  for  materials. 
Timur  Bee  came  h.ither  in  1402,  after  taking 
Smyrna,    zi  miles  NNE- Ephefus. 

yl'nih,  a  tov/n  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
province  of  Natolia.     33  miles  W.  Angura. 

yiijfinali,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Archipelago. 
12  miles  W.  Pergamo. 

ylil),  a  town  of  Bavaria.  6  miles  NW. 
BurgEberach. 

Aicha,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  (ituated  on  the 
Paar.  12  miles  ENE.  AugPourg.  Lotig.  u. 
2.  E.     /..//.  48.25.  N. 

Akt'hcrg^  a  town  of  Stiria.  4  miles  SSE. 
Fridbcrg. 

Akhbcrg^  a  town  of  Auflria.  8  miles  N.W. 
ElFerding. 

Aichkirchen,  a  town  of  Auftria.  7  miles 
WNW.  Schwannaftat. 

A/chlbeig,  a  town  of  Carinthia.  1 2  miles 
WSW.  Willach. 

Aihlhig,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Man- 
gauld.  22  miles  SE.  Munich,  and  18  SSW. 
Waiferburg. 

AichJIadt,  or  Aichfidt,  or  Ekhjlett,  a  city 
of  Germany,  in  the  circle  of  Franconia,  on 
the  Athmul,  lately  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  who 
was  a  fovereign  prince.  It  was  originally 
a  cloifter  founded  by  St.  Wilibald ;  and  houfes 
being  built  near  formed  a  town,  wliich  ob- 
tained its  name  from  the  valt  rocks  about  it: 
in  the  middle  of  the  8ch  century  it  was  crcifi:- 
ed  into  a  bilhoprick,  towards  the  endow- 
ment of  which  Count  Suigger  gave  part  of 
his  eftatc;  and  in  the  13th  century  it  was 
further  enriched  by  the  Count  of  Hcrf  h- 
berg,  who  bequeathed  to  it  the  whole  coun- 
ty. The  bifhop  ufcd  to  lit  in  the  council  of 
imperial  princes,  between  tlie  bilhops  of 
Worms  and  Spire;  and  at  the  circle  diets, 
b.'tween  the  margraves  of  Culmbach  and 
Anfpach,  His  matricular  valuation  v/as  246 
tiurins,  and  his  Roman  month  284  rix-dollars, 
14-i  kruitzers.  In  1704,  this  citv  rcfufcd  to 
itdmit  the  French  troops ;  but  being  after- 
w  irds  taken  by  furpriie,  the  garrifon,  con- 
filling  of  900  Bavarian  recruits,  were  put  to 
the  fword,  and  the  town  given  up  to  be 
plundered.  In  1796,  the  French  general 
Defaix  attacked  this  town,  and  levied  on  it 
a  contribution  of  300,000  florins.  The  bi- 
fhopric,  which  extended  40  miles  in  length, 
and  21  in  breadth,  was  given  among  the  in- 
demnities to  the  Elector,  now  King  of  Ba- 
varia. 32  miles  NNE.  Augfburg,  Long. 
II.  8. E.  Z<«/.48.  48.  N. 
Vol.  I.  D  » 


A  I  G 

Aichjladt,  Oher,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  of  Franconia,  on  the  Altmuhl.  3 
miles  W.  Aichlfadt. 

Aicht,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  princi- 
pality of  Bayreuth.     9  miles  SE.  Bayreuth. 

Aiclhab,  or  Gaidhah,  a  town  and  feaport 
of  Nubia,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Red  Sea. 
Long.  T,(i.'^.     Z,,?/.  22. 12.N. 

AUiuy  a  diftrid  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
fouth-weft  part  of  Natolia,  of  which  Smyrna 
is  the  chief  city. 

Aidiujhick,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia,  on  the  fea  of  Marmora.  6  miles 
SE.  Artaki,  70  WNW.  Burfa.  Lo7ig.  27. 
40.  E.     Lat.e,o.  12.  N. 

Aidona,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of 
Noto.     4  miles  NE.  Piazza. 

Ajetto,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ci- 
tra,  with  a  confiderable  figniory,  which  has 
the  title  of  dutchy.    9  miles  SW.  Cofenza. 

Aleta,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ci- 
tra.     7  miles  NW.  Scalea. 

Aigen,  a  town  of  Auflria,  on  the  confines 
of  Bohemia.  24-  miles  NW.  Steyregg,  105 
W.Vienna.  Z,^^^/^-.  13.54. E.  Zrrz/.  48.  33.  N. 

Aigendiah,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus, 
18  miles  SSW.  Famagufta. 

Aiglaiide,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Channel.  12  miles  NE. 
Coutances. 

Aigls  (L^  J,  a  town  of  France,  and  capital 
of  a  diftrict,  in  the  department  of  Orne,  on 
the  Rille.  Here  the  Dukes  of  Normandy 
had  a  caftle.  21  miles  NE.  Sees,  2,2,  NE. 
Alengon.     Long.o.j^z.Tl.     Zi?/.  48.  46.N. 

Aigk  ( L\)  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
intotheLoir,betweenChateaudunandCloye. 

Aigle,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  with  a  caffle, 
in  the  canton  of  Berne,  formerly  a  lordfhip, 
but  at  prefent  under  the  jurifdidfion  of  the 
canton,  fituated  on  a  fmall  river,  wliich  run$ 
into  the  Rhone  about  a  league  below  it. 
Here  are  faline  fprings  and  falt-works.  36 
miles  ENE.  Geneva.  Long.  18.50.  E.  Lat. 
46.  22.  N. 

AJigur,  a  town  of  HindoOiian,in  the  cir- 
car  ofBundelcund.  25  milesE.  Chatterpour. 

AJ!!:;:a',  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  Su- 
bah  of  Agra.     40  miles  SSW.  Canoge. 

Aign,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  the  arch- 
bifliopric  of  Salzburg, ;  near  it  is  a  medicinal 
fpring.     2  miles  SE.  Saltzburg. 

ylignan,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Gers.     2,0  miles  W.  Auch. 

Aignay  le  Due,  a  town  of  France,  in  tl;e 
department  of  the  Cote  d'Or.  12  miles 
SoE.  Chatillon. 

Aigre,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Charcnte.  16  miles  N.  Angou- 
lefme. 

AigrcfcuUle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Loire.  10  miles  S. 
Nantes. 

Aigueperfe^  fee  Agueperfe. 


A  I  L 


A   I  N 


jl'tgues,  a  river  of  France,  which  empties 
itfeif  into  the  Rhone,  near  Orange. 

Aigues-Mortes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Gard.  From  hence  St. 
Louis  failed  to  Africa  in  1248  and  1169.  iz 
miles  ESE.  Montpelier. 

Aigues-Vhes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Gard.  15  miles  NE. 
Montpelier. 

Aiguebelle,  atown  of  France,  in  thedepart- 
mentof  the  Drome.  6m.SE.  Montelimart. 
Aiguebdlo,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mont  Blanc,  fituated  on  the 
river  Arc.     15  miles  E.  Chambcrry. 

AiguiHofii  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne,  i  z  miles 
NW.  Agen. 

Aigui?:es,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Var.  1 6  miles  NE.  Barjols. 
Aigiirande,  a  tovv'n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Indre.  25  m.S.  Chateauroux. 
Aijalton,  a  town  of  Syria,  fituated  in  a 
mountainous  but  fertile  country,  where  one 
of  the  great  families  of  the  Maronite  Sheiks 
rciides.     2>5  niiles  S.  Tripoli. 

A'ikes,z  town  of  TranfiKania.  18  miles 
NE.  Claufenburg. 

A'tkniam,  a  river  of  Paleiline,  Vv'hich  rifes 
in  Antlibanon,  and  runs  into  the  lea,  9  miles 
N.  Acre. 

Aikoy  a  fmall  ifiand  of  Sweden,  in  the  gulf 
of  Bothnia,  near  the  eaft  coaft.  Lorig.  21. 
10.  E.     Lat.  61.  13.  N. 

Ailak,  a  town  of  Arabia  Petrsea,  at  the 
north-well  extremity  of  the  Bahr  el  Accaba. 
called  in  the  fcriptures  Elotb  and  Elath: 
and  in  profane  hiftory  Elana.  It  V\'as  a 
feaport  of  the  Edomites,  with  a  better  and 
more  convenient  harbour  than  that  of  Ezion- 
geber,  and  long  time  a  ftation  for  veffcls 
failing  to  the  Indian  ocean.  It  was  taken 
from  the  Edomites  by  David;  and  his  fon 
Solomon  fent  fhips  thence  to  Ophir.  It  is 
now  in  ruins,  with  only  a  tower  or  fortrefs 
in  which  a  governor  rehdes.  xo8  miles  E. 
Suez.     Long.  c,o.  t,."^.     Z-^/.  aS.  55.  N. 

Allan,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs  into 
the  Penzinflcaia  gulf,  near  Oklanflc. 

Aillant-far-Tholon,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  die  Yonne.  7  miles  NW. 
Auxerre. 

Aillas,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde.     6  miles  NE.  Bazas. 
Aillf,  a  tov.ii  of  France,  in  the  dep.irtment 
of  the  Sommc.     q  miles  SSE,  Amiens. 

Ailly  le  haute  Clo'chfr,  a  village  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Somme.  15  miles 
WNVV.  Amiens. 

AHfa,  or  Elfa,  a  fmall  rocky  ifland  in  the 
Frith  of  Clyde,  near  the  weft  coaft  of  Scot- 
land, of  a  conical  form,  covered  on  the  top 
with  heath  and  a  little  grafs.  It  is  not  in- 
linbited  by  any  human  creature,  but  affords 
refuge  to  an  immenfc  number  of  fea-fowl, 


^vhlch  breed  on  it,  and  is  flocked  with  rab- 
bits, and  a  few  goats.  It  is  the  property  of 
the  Earl  of  Caflilis,  and  is  rented  at  25!.  fter- 
ling  a  year;  the  tenants  paying  their  rent 
from  the  feathers  of  the  different  fea-fowl, 
and  from  the  folan  geefe  that  breed  on  it, 
and  the  rabbit-flcins.  The  ifland  is  a  fine 
objecft  all  around  that  coaft,  and  a  mark  for 
fhips  either  coming  in  or  going  out  of  the 
Frith  of  Clyde.  There  is  an  old  ruinous 
caftle  en  it  about  a  third  part  up  the  rock, 
faid  by  Campbell,  in  his  Political  Survey  of 
Britain,  to  have  been  built  by  Philip  II.  of 
Spain,  but  on  what  authority  is  not  known. 
Long.  5 .  8 .  W.  _  Z^/.  5  5 .  1 8 .  N. 

Ahnakan,  a  river  o{  Siberia,  which  runs 
into  the  fea  cf  Ochotflcoe.  Long.  139.  14, 
E.     Lat.  54.  40.  N. 

Annen,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
ofSavolax,  to  the  north  of  LakeSaima. 

Ahnhesahiik,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
Coaft.     'Lor.g.:s.(i.^K    Lat.  6.  jo.'N. 

y'linw,  or  Aymo.  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie 
department  of  Mont  Blanc.  i3  miles  ENE. 
M&uf}''cr. 

Aifnotler,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Upper  Vienne.  ao  miles  SE. 
Limoges. 

Ain,  a  department  of  France,  bounded  on 
the  north  by  the  departments  of  the  Saone 
and  Loire  and  the  Jura  ;  on  the  eaft,  by  Swif- 
fcrland  and  Savoy,  now  the  department  of 
Mont  Blanc ;  on  the  fouth,  by  the  Rhone, 
which  feparates  it  from  the  department  of 
the  Ifere ;  and  on  the  v/eft,  by  the'river  Saone, 
which  divides  it  from  the  departments  of  the 
Indre  andLosre,  and  the  Suone  and  Loire; 
about  45  miles  from  eaft  to  weft,  and  from 
30  to  45  north  to  fouth.  This  department 
is  compofedofa  part  of  Burgundy,  contain- 
ing, before  the  revolution,  the  counties  of 
Gf^x,  Dumbes,  and  BrelTe.  Bourg  en  BrefTc 
is  the  capital. 

Ain,  a  river  of  France,  which  gives  name 
to  one  of  the  departments.  It  rifes  in  Mount 
Jura,  near  Nozeroy,  and  runs  into  the  Rhone 
15  miles  above  Lyons. 

Ain,  a  town  of'the  Arabian  Irak.  90  miles 
W.  Bafibra. 

Ain-Ecficfe,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Algiers. 
24  miles  WSVV''.  Burg  Hamza. 

Ain-Charin,  a  village  of  Pr.lefline,  inha- 
bited by  Arabians,  where  the  recclets  of  Je- 
rufalem  and  Bethlehem  Ibnietimes  go  to  ce- 
lebrate mafs.  A  little  to  the  weft  they  fhew 
the  ruins  of  a  church  and  a  monaftery, 
whicli,  acccMdingto  tradition, wereoriginally 
the  abode  of  Zacharias  and  Elizabeth;  they 
fhew  likewife  a  grotto,  in  which  they  pre- 
tend the  Blefied  Virgin  pronounced  the 
Magnificat.     5  miles  from  Jenifalem. 

Ain  Haroof,  a  town  of  the  defert  of  Sy- 
ria, where  tl;ere  is  a  well  of  water.  150  mile's 
SSE.  Aleppo. 


A  I  O 


A   I  S 


j^in  al  Fctwiah,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Al- 
giers,   la  miles  W.Conftantina. 

ji'm  Gebel,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Diarbekir.     40  miles  SW.  Moful. 

y//>;  Gitrai?;,  a  town  of  Algiers.  18  miles 
SSE.  Burg  Haniza. 

ylifi  elGraah,  a  town  of  Algiers.  25  miles 
SSE.  Burg  Hamza. 

ji^in  on  Haide,  a  town  of  Algiers.  15  miles 
S.  Tezzoute. 

^in  ul  Konm,  a  warm  fpring  in  the  defert 
of  Syria,  the  water  of  which,  it  is  faid,  was 
once  conveyed  10  miles,  by  means  of  an 
aquedudl,  to  a  city  now  in  ruins,  called  Guf- 
fel  ul  Bain.     100  miles  ESE.  Aleppo. 

Ain  el  Mufa,  ^i.e.  the  ivell  of  MofesJ  a 
fountain  of  frefla  water  in  Arabia  Petrsea.  ic 
miles  SE.  Suez. 

Ahi  Mylfa,  a  town  of  Algiers.  28  miles 
SSW.  Bona. 

Aiv  el  Trah,  a  town  of  Algiers.  20  miles 
SSE.  Conftantina. 

Ain  Verde?!,  fee  Rafain. 

Ainad,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  province  of 
Hadramaut.  Long.^S'SO.Y..  Z.'?/.  18.25. N. 

Ainarga,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus. 
8  miles  NNE.  Baffa. 

Ainay-le-Chuteau,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Allier.  24  miles  NW. 
Moulins. 

Abler ev tile,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meufe.  3  miks  SW.  Dun, 
and  16  NNW.  Verdun. 

Aiiie-boli,  or  Ineholi,  a  tov/n  of  Afiatic 
Turkey,  in  Natolia,  on  the  Black  Sea.  80  m. 
W.  Sinob.  Lo7ig.  iz-  28.  E.  Lat.  42.  25.  N. 

Aineh-Ghul,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia,  taken  by  the  Turks  in  1298.  ^o 
miles  SSE.  Burfa,  and  30  S.  Ifnik. 

Aimk-Ghul,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natoha,  on  a  lake.     13  miles  S.  .ilahlhehr. 

Ainhour,  a  town  of  Syria,  on  a  river  of  the 
fame  name.     8  miles  S.  Balbcck. 

Aiiicdl,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Stiria.     8  miles  N.  Cilley. 

Ainodl,  or  Sot^Jlia,  a  citadel  of  Lower  Car- 
niola.    5  miles  NW.  Rudolphfwerth. 

Ainfa,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  fitu- 
ated  on  the  river  Ara,  near  its  conflux  with 
the  Cinca.  This  town  was  once  the  capital 
of  thefmall  kingdom  ofSobrarve.  18  miles 
N.  Balbaibo..  Long.  o.  6.  E.  Lat.  42. 16.  N. 

Auijlie,  a  difbici  of  Yorkfhirc,  lying  to 
the  fouth-weil  of  the  city,  and  containing 
many  townfliips  and  villages,  with  a  popula- 
tion of  7547,  of  which  manufaiStures  employ 
865,  while  2889  are  employed  in  agriculture. 

Ainzarba,  fee  Ar.zarha. 

Ajoavi,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  Farfiflan.  30 
miles  N.  Iftakar. 

Aiomana,  a  town  of  European  Turkey* 
in  the  province  of  Macedonia,  on  the  gulf 
of  CalTandra.  49  miles  SE.  Saloniki.  Long. 
2^.30.  E.     Z^/.  40.  i;.  N. 


Ajodtn,  fee  Adjodin. 

Aiona,  a  mountain  of  Eti'aria.  15  miles 
SW.  Florence. 

Ajos,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Sweden,  in  the 
north  part  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long,  24. 
24- E.    Z^/.  65.38.N. 

Aios  CoJiJiantinos,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Candy.     32  miles  SE.  Canea. 

Aioufdcka,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Candy, 
near  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Gortynia.  a 
miles  N.  Mctropoli. 

Ajonues,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which  runs 
into  the  MilTouri,  Long.  97.  W.  Lat.  40. 
54.  N. 

Air,{^ez  Ayr.  ' 

Airanoy  a  town  of  Italy,  ic  miles  SE. 
Como. 

Airdric,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the  county 
of  Lanark.  9  miles  E.  Glafgow,  and  28  W. 
Edinburgh. 

Aire,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Landes,  fituated  on  the  Adour ;  be- 
fore the  revolution  the  fee  of  a  bifhop.  It 
was  taken  by  Ctaflijs  Caefar's  lieutenant,  and 
obtiiined  the  name  of  Vicus  jftdii.  It  was 
alfo  called  Aturtim,^ViA  Aturoijium  Chit  as. 
^  miles  SE.  Mont  de  Marfan.  Long.  o.  12. 
W.  Lai.  43.  42.  N. 

Aire,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  tlie  Straits  of  Calais,  fituated  on  the  Lis,  in 
the  midft  of  a  niorafs.  This  town  is  ffrong; 
and  in  the  vear  164 1,  it  was  taken  from  the 
Spaniards,  v/ho  retook  it  foon  after.  In  1676, 
it  was  again  taken  by  the  French,  after  a  ■ 
fiege  of  live  days,  and  ceded  to  France  by 
the  peace  of  Nimcguen.  In  1710,  it  wasbe- 
fieged  by  the  Duke  of  Marlborouj^h;  the 
trenches  were  opened  on  the  12th  of  Sep- 
tember, and  the  garrifon,  confifling  of  3628 
men,  furrende;ed  on  the  loth  of  November, 
having  loft  4000  men  during  that  time:  the 
lol's  of  the  bcfiegers  was  6000.  35  miles 
SE.  Calais.  Long.  a.  29.  E.  Lat.  jo. 
38.   N. 

/hre,  fee  Are. 

Airola,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  ITri.     21  miles  S.  AitoriF. 

Airon,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Loire  near  Decife. 

Airth,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  die  county 
of  Stirling,  near  the  Forth.  6  miles  SE.  Stir- 
ling, and  28  W.  Edinburgh. 

Airvault,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  two  Sevres.  10  miles  NNE. 
Partenay. 

Alfa,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  kingdom  of 
Aragon,  in  a  valley,  to  whrch  it  gives  name. 
7  miles  N.  Jaca. 

Aisck,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rifes^ 
near  Burg  Bernhcim,  in  the  principality  of 
Culmbach,  and  runs  into  the  Rednitz,  3  miles 
NW.  Forcheim. 

Aisch,  a  town  of  Eavaria.  12  niles  S. 
Baniberg. 


A  I  X 


A  I  Z 


Aife^  or  Lalfs,  a  river  of  France,  which 
runs  into  the  Orne,  o  miles  above  Caen. 

Aifean,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Jeraappe.    3  miles  ESE.  Chatelet. 

Aifcrcj,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cote  d'Or.    6  miles  SSE.  Dijon. 

Aifey-le-Dicc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Cote  d'Or.  7  miles  SW. 
Chatillon. 

Ajiedabad,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irak.  65  miles  NNE.  Hamadan, 

Aijka,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  iiland  of 
Niphon.    40  miles  SE.  Je:fen. 

Aifne,  in  Latin  AxoJia,  a  river  of  France, 
which  gives  name  to  a  department;  it  rifes  in 
Champagne&joins  the  Oife  near  Compiegne. 

Aifne,  a  department  of  France,  bounded 
on  the  north  bythe  department  of  the  North, 
on  the  eaft  by  the  departments  of  V.\t  Marne 
and  the  Ardennes,  on  the  fouth  by  tlie  de- 
partment of  the  Seine  and  Marne,  and  01: 
the  weft  by  the  departments  of  the  Oife  and 
the  Straits  of  Calais;  about  70  miles  in  length 
from  north  to  fouth,  and  from  22  to  45  in 
breadth  from  eaft  to  weft.  This  department 
is  compofed  of,  what  before  the  revolution 
was  a  part  of  Picardy,  the  Laonnois,  and 
SoifTonnois.    Laon  is  the  capital. 

Aifu,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Niphon.    30  miles  S.  Nambu. 

Aitati,  a  mountain  of  Ruflla,  in  Tobolflc. 
Long.  69.  14.  E.  Lat.  49.  40.  N. 

ylitofia,  fee  Aytona. 

Aitterhack,  a  river  of  Auftria,  which  runs 
into  the  Traun,  2  miles  above  Wels. 

Aitrach,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rifes 
in  the  eounty  of  Waldburg,  and  runs  into 
the  Iller,  7  miles  SW.  Memmingen. 

Ajuducky  a  mountain  of  Perfia,  E.  of  Jaron. 

Aj  ukzernuck,  a  town  of  Grand  Buckharia. 
6  miles  NW.  Cojend. 

Aix,  a  city  of  France,  and  capital  of  the 
department  of  the  Mouths  of  the  Rhone; 
before  the  revolution,  it  was  the  capital  of 
Provence,  the  feat  of  a  parliament,  and  the 
fee  of  an  archbifliop  ;  it  is  fituated  on  a  plain 
near  the  river  Arc.  Aix  was  founded  about 
630,  by  Scxtus  Calvinus,  theRoman  general, 
and  from  its  warm  fprings, called  Aqiue  Sex- 
tie,  and  was  the  fee  oi'  a  biiliop  as  early  as 
the  year  878.  It  was  ruined  by  the  Saracens, 
but  afterward  rebuilt.  A  parliament  was 
mftiuittvl  in  1501,  by  Louis  XII.  and  in  the 
rcign  of  Louis  XIV.  it  was  confiderably  en- 
larged. 45  miles  SE.  Avignon.  Long.  5. 
48  E.  Lai.  42. 31  N. 

Aix,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  Mont  Blanc,  late  Savoy,  (ituated  on  the 
lake  of  Bourqct,  with  a  fmall  diRria,  to 
which  the  tiilc  ofMarquilate  is  annexed: 
its  iiiedicinal  waters  are  much  in  repute  ;  the 
batiis  are  laid  to  have  been  ereded  by  the 
Ko.nans.  12  miles  N.  Cl;anibtry.  Long. 
J.  48.  Ldt.AS-AO.K. 


Aix,  an  ifland  near  the  wefl:  coaft  of 

France,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  between  the 
ifle  of  Oleron  and  the  continent.  It  was 
taken  by  the  Englifli  in  the  year  1757,  but 
foon  after  abandoned.  12  m.  SSW.Rochelle. 
Long.  1 .  8.  W,  L  at.  46.  5 .  N. 

Aix-en-Othe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aube.  15  miles  W.Troyes. 

Aix-la-Ckape'.le,  a  city  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Roer;  before  the  revolu- 
tion, it  was  an  imperial  citv  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  of  Weftphalia;  built  by  Serenus 
Granus,  a  general  of  the  Emperor  Adrian, 
about  the  year  124  ;  and  from  the  hot  waters 
found  there,  called  Aquis  Graniim.  Charle- 
magne v/as  fo  charmed  with  its  htuation  that 
he  chofe  it  for  his  refuience;  and  it  was  cal- 
led Aix-la-Chapelle  on  accoui^.t  of  the  devo- 
tions which  Charlemagne  commonly  paid  at 
the  folema  feafrs  in  the  great  church  of  No- 
tre Dame,  which  he  caufed  to  be  built  and 
endowed,  and  where  he  lie?  interred.  Kis 
fword,  with  the  belt,  and  liis  book  of  the 
Goi'pcls  in  letters  of  gold,  are  ftill  preferved, 
and  were  till  lately  made  ufe  of  in  the  coro- 
nation of  the  kings  of  the  Romans.  It  was 
decreed  by  the  golden  bull  that  the  emperor 
muft  here  receive  the  firft  crown;  but  this 
has  not  always  been  abided  by.  The  trade 
of  the  city  is  confiderable,  cfpecially  in 
cloth;  and  the  waters  are  in  great  reputati'.in. 
In  1614,  this  city  was  put  under  the  ban  of 
the  empire,  on  ac:ount  of  fome  religious  dis- 
sentions.  In  1668,  a  peace  between  France 
and  Spain  was  here  concluded,  as  was  like- 
wife  that  which  terminated  the  war  of  fuc- 
ceffion  in  1748.  Several  councils  have  been 
held  here.  In  1792,  Aix-la-Chapelle  was 
taken  by  the  French;  who  were  driven  from 
it  on  the  3d  of  March,  1793,  by  the  Prince 
of  S:;xe  Cobourg,  after  a  battle,  in  which 
they  loft  4000  killed,  and  1600  taken  prifon- 
ers.  In  1794,  the  French  made  themfelves 
mafters  of  it  again,  and  it  has  fince  the  peace 
of  Luneville  been  ceded  with  its  diftrict  to 
the  French  Republic,  and  is  made  the  capi- 
tal of  the  department  of  the  Roer.  52  ports 
NE.  Paris,  and  5  NE.  Liege.  Long.  ,5.54. 
E.  Lat.  50.  52.  N. 

Aix  d'Anguillon,  or  Aix  Dam-Gilon,  a 
town  of  France,  in  the  department  of  the 
Cher,  in  the  diftrift  of  Bourges.  9  miles  NE. 
Bourges. 

Aixe,a.  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Upper  Vienne,  in  the  diftriift  of  Limo- 
ges, on  the  Vienne.  6  m.  WSW.  Limoges. 

Ai-yac-conte,  a  diilri»5l:  of  Africa,  in  the 
eaftern  province  of  Algiers,  which  takes  its 
name  from  a  fountain  near  the  centre  of  it; 
feveral  fragments  of  Roman  highways  and 
ruins  are  fcattercd  about  it.  Ihe  fountain 
and  village  are  30  miles  W.  Conftantina. 

Aizenay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Vendee.    30  miles  S.  Nantes. 


A  K  £ 


A  K  O 


Akalat  fee  Accaha. 

Akacan,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  joins 
thejudoma.  Long.  139.39.  E.  jLd/.6o.  8.N. 

Akai',  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Niphon.     60  miles  SW.  Mcaco. 

Akalgori,  a  town  of  Georgia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Carduel.  30  miles  NW.  Tellis.  20 
SE.  Gori. 

Akalzike,  or  Akeljla,  a  town  of  Afiatic 
Turkey,  in  the  government  of  Satabago,  on 
the  Kur.  It  is  fortified  with  double  walls 
and  towers,  and  contains  within  the  walls 
about  40c  houfes,  inhabited  by  Armenians, 
Turks,  Georgians,  Greeks,  and  Jews.  The 
Chriftians  have  two  churches,  and  the  Jews 
a  fynagogue.  90  miles  NNW.  Erivan,  and 
100  SW.  Teflis.    Long.  44.  6.  E.  Lat.  40. 

55-  N. 

Aka7}iapet,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.  30  miles  NE.  Bomrauzepollam. 
25  SE.  Calaftri. 

Akanimhna,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the 
Ivory  coaft,  near  Cape  Apollonia. 

Akanfas,  a  town  of  Louiiiana,on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Miflillippi,  where  it  is  joined  by 
the  river  Akanfas. 

Akanfas,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which  runs 
into  the  MifTilTippi.  Long.  91.26.  W.  Laf. 
33.  52.  N. 

Akar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  Car- 
natic.     32  miles  N.  Bomrauzepollam. 

Akara,  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of  Canda- 
har.     25  miles  E.  Paifhawar. 

Akara.  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Lac.  10 
miles  SE.  Sura. 

Akafaki,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  fouth 
coaft  of  the  iiland  of  Niphon.  100  miles  E. 
Meaco,  and  140  WSW.  Jedo. 

Akaji,  a  town  of  Arabia  Deferta.  70  miles 
E.  Jerufalem. 

Akato,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Niphon.    36  miles  W.  Meaco. 

Akheik-baha,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.  20  m.  NW.  Eikifliehr,  and  32 
NNW.  Kiutaja. 

Akchala,  or  Akekala,  a  town  of  Turkifh 
Armenia,  in  the  government  of  Erzerum. 
24  miles  WNW.  Erzerum. 

Akchara,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irac,  on 
the  Tigris.  30  miles  NW.  Bagdad. 
Akeby,  a  town  of  Paleftine,  near  Saphet. 
Akens  Rock,  a  rock  in  the  North-Atlantic 
ocean,  weftward  of  Tory  ifland.  It  is  re- 
prelcnted  to  be  in  the  form  of  a  horfe-flioe, 
with  one  fide  longer  than  the  other,  about 
four  feet  below  the  furface  of  the  water,  and 
covered  with  fea-weed.  Z-!?//^-.  9.  53.  W. 
Laf.  55. 19.  N. 

Akennan,  or  Bielgorod,  a  town  of  BefTa- 
rabia,  lituated  on  the  coaft  of  the  Blick  Sea, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Dneifter.  In  1790,  this 
town  was  taken  by  the  Ruffians.  68  miles 
SW.  Otchakov,  and  65  SE.  Bender.  Long. 
JI.14.  E.  Lat,  46.  8.  N. 


Akerjlcat,  a  village  of  Holland.  In  1799 
it  was  taken  by  the  Englifti.  5  miles  S 
Alkmaer. 

Ahrfimd,  a  bay  of  the  North  Sea,  on  the 
coaft  of  Norway.  30  miles  WNW.  Frede- 
rickftadt. 

Akhifar,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  on  the 
fcite  of  the  ancient  Thyatira.  40  miles  SE. 
Pergamo.   Long.  27.49.  E.  Lat.  38. 15. N. 

Aki,  a  province  of  Japan,  in  the  weftern 
part  of  Niphon,  with  a  town  of  the  fame 
name. 

Akill,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Nato- 
lia, on  the  Black  Sea.  25  miles  ENE.  Con- 
ftantinople.  Long.  29. 33. E.  Lat./^i.  15. N. 

Akily,  or  St.  Cobns,  one  of  the  Shiant 
iflands  among  the  Hebrides.    Long.  6.  19. 

w.  y..7/.  57.53.  N. 

Ak'dondi,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  rifes 
from  a  lake  in  the  country  of  Matamba,and 
runs  into  the  Zaire.  60  miles  NE.  from 
Sundi  in  the  kingdom  of  Congo. 

Ak'nn,  a  country  of  Guinea,  bordering  on 
Aquambo,  which  abounds  in  gold. 

Akindatori,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  iflc 
of  Niphon.     22  miles  SE.Mogami. 

Akijiki,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifle.of 
Niphon.     160  miles  W.  Meaco. 

Ak'mreck,  a  tovi^n  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.     24  miles  ESE.  Kaftamoni. 

Akkably,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
ofTwat.  Lofig.  /\.2,o.  E.  Lat.z'^y.  16.  N. 

Akkar,  a  river  of  Syria,  which  rifes  near 
the  town  lb  called  in  Mount  Bargylus,  and 
runs  into  the  Mediterranean,  5  miles  N. 
Orthofa. 

Akkar,  a  town  of  Syria,  fituated  on  Mount 
Bargylus,  in  the  pachalic  of  Tripoli,  fup- 
pofed  by  Dr.  Shav/  to  be  the  Ker  of  the 
fcriptures.  The  environs  are  pleafant,  and 
abound  with  excellent  fruit,  zo  miles  E. 
Tripoli,  and  66  NNW.  Damafcus.  Long. 
36.  10.  E.  Lat.  34.  33.  N. 

Akkasy  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Tavaftland. 
20  miles  NW.  Tavafthus.  Long.  23.  39.  E. 
Lat.  61.  II.  N. 

Akkia,,  an  ifland  in  the  North  Sea,  near 
the  weft  coaft  of  Eaft  Greenland.  Long.  46. 
W.  Lat.  60.  38.  N. 

Akkiall,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Romania.     8  miles  E.  Burgas. 

Aklat,  or  Khalat,  a  town  of  Curdiftan,  in 
the  government  of  Van,  on  the  north-weft 
coaft  of  Lake  Van.  The  chief  employment 
of  the  inhabitants  is  catching  and  curing  fifli. 
80  miles  WNW.  Van.  Lo7ig.  41.  22.  E. 
Lat.  38.  2,5-  N. 

Akbh,  a  town  of  Syria,  on  the  borders  of 
the  defert.     30  miles  SE.  Aleppo. 
ylkmvn,  fee  Achmrm. 
Ako,  A  tov/n  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Niphon.     100  miles  S.  Jeifen.    ■ 

Akolhigan,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Celebes, 
in  Buggcfs  bay.    Lat.  z.  5.  S. 


ALA 


ALA 


yikonulah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  Ala,  {Jl,)  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  pro- 
province  of  Berar.     44  miles  S.  EUichpour,  vince  of  Hedjaz.    40  miles  N.Valdicora. 
and  104ENE.  Aurungabad.     Long.-jT.  ZS'  Alaha,   or  Alava,   a  fmall  province  of 
E.  Lat.  20.  37.  N.  Spain,  once  a  part  of  the  ancient  Cantabria, 

Aquedan,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold  and  one  of  the  three  Merindads  of  Bifcay.  It 

Coaft,  with  a  Dutch  faftory.  is  bounded  on  the  north  and  weft  by  Bifcay, 

Akrida,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  on  the  foutii  by  Rioxa  and  Navarre,  on  the 

Macedonia,  lituated  on  the  Drino.  120  miles  eaft  by  Guipufcoa.    Its  length  is  about  eight 

NW.  Saloniki,  and  130  SE.  Ragufa.   Lo?ig.  or  ten  leagues,  and  its  bre;idth  fix  orfeven. 

ao.  50.  E.    Lat.  41.  46.  N.  The  land  is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat  and 

Akfchiajka.,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  RufTia,  barley,  with  feveral  kinds  of  fruits,  and  the 

4.8  miles  S.  Doroninflc.  wine  is  tolerably  good.     In  it  are  mines  of 

Akfcrai,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Ca-  iron,  and  excellent   fteel,  in  which  a  confi- 

I'amania.     In   1402,  it  was  taken  by  Timur  dcrable  trade  is  carried  on.     'I'he  people  in 


Bee.  60  miles  NE.  Konieh,  160  S.  Sinob. 
Long.  34.  E.  Lat.  38.  57.  N. 

Akjhai.,  a  river  of  Alia,  which  rifes  in 
Mount  Caucafus,  and  runs  into  the  Cafpian 
Sea,  18  miles  S.  Terki. 

Akjh:hr,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia,  anciently  called  Antioch  in  Piiidia. 
In  i402,itwastakenbyTimurBec.  60  miles 
jSTW.  Konieh,  and  200  SE.  Conftantmople. 
Long.  31.  16.  E.  Lat.  38.  27.  N. 

Ak/hejhakr,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in 


temper  and  manners  aie  between  the  Cata- 
lans and  Bifcayners,' inclining  lather  to  the 
latter.  The  kings  of  Navarre  were  anciently 
ftiled  kings  of  Alaba.  When  the  Moors 
conquered  the  country,  they  eftablifhed 
themfelves  in  the  valley  of  Burunda,  and  in 
836  elL\1ed  a  chief,  whom  they  called  the 
king  of  Alaba.  While  the  kings  of  Navarre 
wer:  in  poileirion  of  the  country,  they  held 
it  commonly  by  governors.  Alphonfo  king 
of  Caltile,  having  made  himleif  mafler  of 
NatoliaJI"  on  the  Black  Sea.  90  miles  E.  Con-  the  capital  and  fume  other  places,  united  it 
ftantinople,  and  28  NW.  Boji.  Lo?ig.  31.  to  his  crown,  but  did  not  hold  it  long,  before 
10.  E.   Xi^/.  41. 15.N.  with  other  conquefts  it  fubmitted   to   the 

Akfiai,dr  river  of  Armenia,  which  runs  kings  of  Navarre,  except  the  towns  of  Vitto- 
into  the  Aras.  riaandTrevigno.     In  die  year  1 212,  i*:  was 

Akjicat,  a  town  of  Turkeftan,  in  the  dis-  again  conquered  by  Alphonfo  IX.  king  of 
tridt  of  Fergana,  on  a  river  which  runs  into  Caftile.  This  frequent  change  of  malteis 
the  Sihun.  80  miles  SE.  Tafhkund.  Long,  inducedthe  inhabitants,  in  the  year  1331,10 
66.  30.  E.  Lat.  42.12.N.  afTemble  in  the  plains  of  Arriaga  near  Vitto- 

Akforein,^.  town  of  Egypt,  on  thefciteof  ria,  to  choofe  a  prince  who  fliould  be  pow- 
the  ancient  Thebes.  Mr.  Brown  thinks  this  erful  enough  to  prote^l  them  ;  v.'hen  they 
word  and  Luxor   to  be,  corruptions  of  El    fixed  on   Alphonfo  XI.  under  whom  they 

were  united  to  the  crown  of  Caftile,  with  a 
refervation  of  piivilcges,  which  they  yet  en- 
joy. The  principal  towns  are  Yittoria,  Sal- 
vatiera,  and  Trevigno. 

Alabama,  a  river  of  Weft-Florjda,  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  Abacooche  and  Oak- 
fufkee,  at  the  town  of  Alabama,  and  becom- 
ing the  principal  branch  of  the  Mobile. 

Alabatna,  a  town  of  Weft-Florida,  at  the 
union  of  the  Abacoochee  and  Oakfufl<ee. 
Lcvg.  86.  44.  W.  Lat.  32.  5c.  N. 

Ilahajlc.--  Rocks,  a  range  of  rocks  among 


60  miles 


Cufjur.     See  Luxor. 

Akfu,  fee  Ac/i. 

Akfuma,  a  town  of  Turkeftan. 
NE.  Taraz. 

Aktala,  a  town  of  Georgia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Carduel.'  70  miles  S.  Teflis. 

Aktamar,  a  town  of  Cardiff  an,  on  a  fmall 
ifland  in  the  lake  Van.  20  miles  WSW. 
Van. 

Aktati,  a  fmall  town  of  RulFia,  in  the  go- 
vernment, of  Tobolflv.  Long.  71.  E.  Lat. 
49.20.N. 

Akveri,^X.oym  of  Turkifh  Armenia,  on    the  Bahamas,  along'the  E.'coaft  of  Eleuthera 
theKur.ig  miles  E.  Akalzike.  Alabat,  a  fmall  ifland  in   the  Indian  Sea, 

///v^;w,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of    near  the  eaft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Lu§on. 


ong.  ■i()2. 


Niphon.    50  miles  S.  Achcta 

Akun,  one  of  the  Fox.  iflands.    /, 
44.  E.  Lat.  54.  10.  N. 

Akunpour.  a  town  of  Hindooftan  in  Oudc, 
on  ihe  left  bank  of  the  Dewa.  15  miles  ESE. 
Fyzabad. 

Akurla,  a  town  of  Peifian  Armenia.  27 
miles  SSE.  Frivan. 

•    Akutan,  one  of  the  Fox  iflands.     Long. 
193.  4.E.  Lat.  53. /po.N. 

Ala,  a  town  of  japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Ximo.     18  inilesNE.  Naka.     '  ■•    ••  •  ■ 


Long.  122.  30.  E.  Lat.  14.  27.  N. 

Alaberti,  a  town  of  Hmdoolfan,  in  the 
fubah  of  Delhi.    20  miles  SW.  Delhi. 

Ahihlac,  fee  '^Lirna. 

Alacranes,  a  range  of  rocks  in  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  near  the  coaft  of  Yucatan.  Long. 
90.  \o.  W.  Lat.  22.  36.  N. 

Aladan,  or  Alada,  a  clufter  of  linall  iflands 
in  the  Mergui  Archipelago,  near  the  coaft  of 
Siam.  The  principal  are  Auriol's,  Chriffie's, 
Graham's  Ifland,  and  Alexander's  Peak. 
Z5.';^^  97. 53.  E.  Z..'//.  7.  20.  N. 


ALA 

^ladjiani,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia,  on  the  Black  Sea.  50  miles  SE. 
Sinob.  Long.  35.  50.  E.  Lat.  41.  4®.  N. 

Aladua,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  province 
of  Hedjas.     100  miles  NVV.  Mecca. 

y^ladulia,  a  country  of  Afia,  called  by  the 
Turks  Dulgadir,  or  Dulladir;  formerly  an 
independent  kingdom,  but  now  a  province 
of  Turkey,  and  fouthern  part  of  the  country 
called  Roum  ;  compofed  of  the  two  govern- 
ments of  Marafch  and  Adana.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  government  of  Sivas,  on 
the  eart  by  that  of  Diarbckir,  on  the  fouih 
by  Syria  and  the  Mediterranean,  and  on  the 
■well  by  Caramania.  The  principal  towns 
are  Marafch,  Malatiah,  and  Adana. 

Alacjos,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Leon.     30  miles  E.  Salamanca. 

Alafocr.s,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.    6  miles  NNE.  Vifeu. 

Alaftaroy  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  go- 
vernment 'of  Abo.  34  miles  NNE.  Abo. 
Long.  22.  41.  E.  Lat.  60.  58.  N. 

Alagia,  fee  Knifwvaz. 

Alagnon,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Allier,  between  Brioudcand  Iflbire. 

Alagoa,  a  town  of  St.  Michael,  one  of  the 
Azore  iflands*' 

Alagoa,  fee  Lagoas. 

Alagoti,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Tagus  a  little  above  Alcantara. 

Alagon,  a  town  of  Spiiin,  in  Aragon,  on 
the  Xalon,  near  its  union  with  the  Ebro. 
12  miles  NVV.  SaragolFa. 

Alagore,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Myfore.     23  miles  E.  Seringapatam. 

Alagranza,  fee  Aldgranza, 

Alah-Daghi,  a  mountain  of  Afiatic  Tur- 
key, in  Caramania.    40  miles  S.  Konieh. 

Alah-Daghi,  a  mountain  of  Aliatic  Tur- 
key, in  Natolia.     is  miles  S.  Boli. 

ALih-Shehr,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.  This  was  the  ancient  Philadelphia, 
one  of  the  principal  cities  of  Myfia.  It  is 
nov/  meanly  built  and  thinly  inhabited,  but 
fpreading  to  a  confiderablc  extent  on  the 
flopes  of  two  or  three  hills.  Many  parts  of 
the  ancient  walls  remain,  but  w.th  large 
chafms;  and  fome  ruins  of  an  amphitheatre 
are  flill  vifible.  It  is  the  fee  of  a  Greek 
biihop.  65  miles  E.  Smyrna.  Long.  28. 
i/.E.  Lat.  38.24-  N. 

Alajarvh  a  toy/n  of  Sweden,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Wafa.  60  miles  E.  Wafa. 
Long.  23.  41.  E.    Lat.  62.  59.  N.. 

Alaigne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  theAude.    6  miles  NW.  Limoux.. 

Alais,  a  town  of  France,  and  prmcipal 
place  of  a  diftricl:  in  the  department  of  the 
Gard,  known  to  the  Romans  by  the  name  of 
Alefia ;  and  Csfar,  by  its  capture,  became 
niafler  of  Gaul.  It  is  fituated  near  the  river 
Gard,  at  the  foot  of  the  Cevennes.  It  is 
large  and  populousj  and  before  the  revalu- 


ALA 

tion  was  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  ereeTed  in  1692. 
The  inhabitants  were  among  the  firft  of 
thofe  who  embraced  the  Reformation,  and 
the  town  was  taken  by  Louis  XIII.  On  the 
28th  of  July,  1792,  this  town  fell  the  rage  of 
civil  commotion,  in  the  maiTacre  of  Ibme  of 
the  inhabitants.  Near  the  town  are  Ibme 
vitriolic  fprings.  7  ports  N.  Montpellier, 
and  79  S.  Paris.    Long.  4.  E.  Lat.  44.  8.  N. 

Alaki,  or  Salaki,  a  port  of  Egypt  in  the 
Red  Sea,  anciently  called  Berenice  Pan- 
Chryfos.  Long.  38.  28.  E.  Z^/.  20.  40.N. 

Alakiah,  a  imall  ifland  in  the  Nile,  with  a 
village.    36  miles  N.  Syene. 

Alaku,  a  town  of  Ferfia,  in  the  province 
of  Adirbeitzan.     50  miles  NVV.  Tabris. 

Alajuagan,  or  Conception,  one  of  the  Ma- 
riana or  Ladrone  iOands,  about  18  miles  in 
circumference,  and  12  miles  from  Guguan. 

Alauian,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne.    9  miles  NE.  Nion. 

Alanibari,  a  town  of  the  principality  of 
Guriel,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  which  runs 
into  the  Black-Sea.    15  miles  S.  Puti. 

Alameda,  atov^^n  of  New  Mexico.  60  m. 
S.  Santa  Fe. 

Alamsra,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Eftramadura.  8  miles  NE.  Leyria. 

Alaviilla,  a  town  of  New  Mexico.  100 
miles  S.  Santa  Fe. 

Ala)i,  a  river  of  North-WaIes,which  pafTes 
by  Mold,  and  runs  into  the  Dee  near  Holt. 

Alan,  or  Camel,  a  river  of  England,  which 
rifes  a  little  to  the  north  of  Camelford,  and 
runs  into  the  fea  two  miles  below  Padftow. 

Alanche,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mouths  of  the  Rhone.  12  miles 
S.  Aix,  and  6  NE.  Marfeilles. 

Aland,  or  Alandt,  an  ifland  belonging  to 
Sv.edcn,  in  the  Bakic,  about  120  miles  in 
circumference,  encompafTed  with  fmall 
iflands  and  rocks;  it  was  anciently  inde- 
pendent, but  now  makes  part  of  Finland. 
This  ifland  was  taken  by  the  Ruffians,  in 
1 7 14;  and  again  in  i743,but  a  large  bodyof 
Swedes  being  fentfrom  Stockholm  defeated 
the  Ruffian  troops,  in  number  about  1200, 
killing  the  greater  part,  and  making  the  refl 
prifoners.  Call:elholm  is  the  principal  place. 
Long.  20.  E.    Lat.  60.  18.  N. 

Aland,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  runs 
into  the  Elbe,  near  Snakenburg,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Lunenburgh. 

Alandrod,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Alentejo,  defended  by  a  caftlc.  ij 
miles  W.  Xerumenha. 

Aland's-Idaf,  a  ftrait  or  channel  between 
the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  and  the  Baltic,  which 
leparates  the  ifland  of  Aland  from  the  con- 
tinent of  Sweden. 

Aland' s -Bay  y-xh-x^  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
fouth  coaft  of  Ireland,  between  Waterford 
harbour  and  Tramore  bay.  Long.  7.  5.  VV. 
Z-^/.  J2.8.  N. 


A  I.  A 

AlandJJja^e,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coall  of 
tfie  ifie  of  Aniack.    8  miles  S.  Copenhagen. 

Alanvuer.,  fee  Alanquer. 

Alanieh,  a  town  of  Afiatfc  Turkey,  in 
Caramania,  near  the  mouth  of  a  river  which 
runs  into  the  Mediterranean.  It  was  founded 
by  a  Seljuk  fultan  on  the  fite  of  Coracelium, 
an  ancient  city  of  Ciiicia.  In  this  port 
Pompey  fhut  up  the  pirates,  and  compelled 
them  to  furrender.  no  miles  SS"VV.  Konieh. 
Long,  21.  29.  E.  Lat.  36.  34.  N. 

Alapaev,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Perm,  on  the  river  Tagil.  80  miies 
KN£.  Ekaterinburg.  Lo'iig.  61.'  14.  Lat. 
j8.  N. 

Alar  a,  a  river  of  Afiatic  Turkey  in  Cara- 
mania, which  runs  into  the  Mediterranean, 
10  miles  W.Alanieh. 

Alaracha,  fee  Lai-acha. 

Alarcon,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caftile. 
This  town  was  built  in  the  year  11 78,  and 
about  thirty  years  after  was  taken  by  tiie 
Moors.  In  the  reign  of  Alphonfo  IX.  it  was 
recovered  by  the  Chriftians  underFcrdinand 
Martinez  de  Zevallas,  who  in  confequence 
took  the  furname  of  Alarcon.  33  miles  S. 
Cuen9a.  Long.  z.  12.  W.  Lat.  39.  38.  N. 

Aldro,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Majorca. 
5  miles  NNE.  Palma. 

Alarot  a  river  of  Naples,  Avhich  runs  into 
the  Mediterranean,  near  Cape  Stilo. 

Alaru,  a  town  of  Peifia,  in  the  province 
of  Adirbeitzan.  20  miles  SE.  Ardebil. 

Alajcha,  a  peninfula  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
North-America,  extending  into  tlie  North 
Pacific  Ocean.  Zw/i,'-.  196  to  202.  E.  Lat. 
55  to  5  7. N. 

Alas,  a  town  on  the  weft  coall  of  the 
idand  of  Sumatra.  Z^;/j-.  102.  35.  E.  Lat. 
4-  15-  S. 

Alajfac,  a  tovv'n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
njent  of  the  Correze.  7  miles  NKW.EiiNe, 
ind  12  W.  Tulle. 

A /at  a,  a  town  ot  Abyflinia,  on  the  Nile. 
25  miles  SSW.  Gondar. 

Atalaviaha,  or  Oltavia'ivLriv,  a  river  of 
America,  which  croiTcs  the  State  of  Ccoigia, 
and  runs  into  the  iea,  60  miles  S.  of  tl:e 
river  Savanna. 

Alatii',  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Simbirf]<.  80  miles WNW.Simbirik. 
Lofig.j,(u  ij^.^,  Z^/A  54.4-^.N. 

Jllator,^  liver  of  Ruiiia,  wiiich  runs  into 
the  Sura,  near  Alativ,  in  the  government  of 
Simbirfk. 

Atatri,  or  Alatro,  a  town  of  the  Campag- 
r.a  di  Uoma,  and  the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  iiiimcdi- 
•.ucly  under  the  pope.  40  miles  ESE.  Rome, 
and  53  NW.  Capua.  Long.  13.  14.  E. 
/^//.  41.43.  N. 
ALkh,  fee  Alaha. 

Alaurh,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  il,e  Mouths  of  liic  Rhone.  5  miles 
NF.Maiicill^. 


ALB 

Alaviejka,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Eaft- 
Bothnia.  30  miles  S.  Braheftad.  Long.  24. 
13.  E.    Lat.  64.  ID.  N. 

A/avo,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Wafa.  60  miles  SE.  Wafa.  Lo/zg. 
23.  26.  E.  Lat.  62.35.N. 

A/aujI,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
audience  of  Quito.    30  miles  S.  Riobamba. ' 

A/au,  or  A/t,  a  river  wliich  rifes  in  the 
NE.  part  of  Tranfylvania,  on  the  borders  of 
Moldavia,  and  runs  into  the  Danube  oppo- 
lite  Nicopoli  in  Bulgaria. 

A/aziea,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs 
into  the  Frozen  Ocean,  Long.  142.  14.  E. 
Lat.  72.40.N. 

Alaziejko'i.,  a  fettlcment  of  Siberia,  on  the 
river  Alazeia.  90  m.  WNW.  NizneiKovin- 
flvoi.    Loag.  144.  14.  E.  Lat.  69.  40.  N. 

Alb,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rifes  three 
rniles  WNW.  Wildbad,  in  the  circle  of  Swa- 
bia,  and  runs  into  the  Rhine  about  5  miles 
WNW.  Durlach. 

Alba,  a  city  of  France,  and  principal  place 
of  a  dillrid:  in  the  department  oftheTana- 
ro,  late  duchy  of  Montferrat,  on  theTanaro. 
It  was  anciently  a  celebrated  municipal  city 
and  Roman  colony,  in  the  country  of  the 
Ligurians,  and  called  Alba  Pompeia.  In  the 
decline  of  the  Roman  empire  it  became  fub- 
jed  to  the  Goths  and  Lombards.  After 
Charlemagne  had  deftroyed  the  power  of 
the  latter,  Alba  enjoyed  repofe  till  the  ninth 
century,  when  the  Saracens  made  an  irrup- 
tion into  Provence  and  the  frontiers  of  Italy, 
and  burned  Alba.  Ey  the  great  exertions 
principally  of  Rohon  bifhop  of  Afti,  the 
city  foon  recovered,  and  fixed  on  a  republi- 
can form  of  government,  choofing  a  fupreme 
magiftrate  annually,  under  the  title  of  po- 
deftat.  In  tliis  flate  it  flourifhed  greatly, 
till  the  fad:ions  of  the  Guelphs  and  Gibelins 
Iprcad  divifions  among  the  inhabitants,  and 
induced  them  to  fubmit  to  the  government 
of  llrangers  ;  becoming  fucceflively  fubje<5i: 
to  the  Marquis  of  Moniferrat,  the  Comtes.  of 
Provence,  (who  became  kings  of  Naples,)the 
Vifcounts  of  Milan,  the  (Englith)  Duke  of 
Clarence,  the  Piinces  of  Acliaia,of  the  houfe 
of  Savoy,  the  Marquis  of  Saluzzo,  the  Duke 
of  Mantua,  and  the  King  of  Sardinia,  from 
whom  it  was  ceded  to  the  French  Republic, 
by  whole  troops  it  was  taken  in  April  1796. 
It  was  ercftcd  into  a  biflioprick  as  early  as 
the  year  352.  Alba,  before  the  revolution, 
contained  three  parochial  and  ihree  other 
churches,  befidcs  the  cathedral,  and  feven 
convents  for  the  religious  of  bolh  i(.'xes.  It 
was  the  birth-place  of  theEmpcror  Pertinax, 
and  Pope  Innocent  1.  18  miles  SE.  'I'urin. 
Long.  7.50.E.  J^at.  44.40.  N. 

Alba,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province  of 
Abruzzo  Ultra.    17  miles  S.  Aquila. 
Alba-'Jiilia,  fee  IVciffcnihnrg. 
Alba-'Ri'galisy  fee  Stubl-H'i'flierfibiirS' 


ALB 


ALB 


Alhacete,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Murcia,  lituated  in  a  ferule  country  pro- 
ducing corn,  wine,  and  oil ;  and  much  fre- 
quented, efpecially  by  merchants  and  men 
of  trade.  The  chief  manufadturcs  are  in 
iron  and  fteel  brought  from  Alicant,  which 
gives  to  the  inhabitants  an  appearance  of 
indullry  and  wealtii.  8  miles  NW.  Chin- 
chilla, and  80  SV\'. Valencia.  Long.  a.  a.  W. 
jL^/.  38.  5 I.N. 

Albach,  ox  Alb  til  a,  a  river  of  the  Grifons, 
which  runs  into  the  Rhine  nearTuffis. 

Alhachfi-n,  or  Albajhi,^  town  of  Germany, 

in  the  circle  of  Weftphalia.  3  m.  N.  Corvey. 

Albachia,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 

marquifate  of  Ancona.     10  miles  VVNW. 

Tolentino. 

Albacuin,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Nicaragua,  on  the  river  Yare.  150 
miles  W.  Segovia  Nueva. 

Albuck,  a  town  of  Curdiftan,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Van.  50  miles  SSE.  Van,and 
no  SW.  Tabris. 

Albadra,  two  fmail  iflands  in  the  Indian 
Sea.  L,otig.  46.  3c.  E.    Lat.  9.  30.  S. 

Alhaladejo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New-Cas- 
tile.   18  miles  S.  Cuen^a. 

Alban,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  the  Tarn.     15  miles  ESE.  Alby. 

Albairella,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Prin- 
cipato  Citra.    20  miles  SE.  Salerno. 

Albaiiia,  a  province  of  European  Turkey, 
comprehending  the  ancient  Illyricum  and 
Epirus,  (ituated  on  the  coall:  of  the  Adriatic; 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Servia  and  Dalma- 
tia,  on  the  call:  by  Macedonia,  on  the  fouth 
by  Livadia,  and  on  the  well  by  the  Adriatic. 
Its  length  is  about  eighty  leagues,  and  its 
breadth  about  twenty.  It  was  formerly  an 
independent  kingdom  ;  _and  the  lail  prince, 
John  Caflriot,  called  Scanderberg,  who  at 
his  death  bequeathed  his  kingdom  to  theVc- 
netians  :  but  they  being  unable  or  unwilling 
to  defend  it,  it  has  from  that  time  been  under 
the  dominion  of  the  Turks,  except  a  iiiKiU 
part  on  the  coaft,  which  was  left  to  the 
Venetians,  and  was  divided  by  them  into  fan- 
giacks,  or  governments.  The  land  is  fer- 
tile, but  thinly  peopled,  and  badly  cultivated. 
The  inhabitants  are  in  general  excellent 
horfemen,  and  form  fome  of  the  beil:  troops 
in  the  Grand  Seignior's  army.  The  principal 
towns  are  Durazzo,  Scutari,  Drivallo,  Dul- 
cigno,  Croya,  Cataro,  Antivari,  &c. 

Albantticorio.'n  town  of  the  ifle  of  Samos. 
9  miles  W.  Cora. 

Albaii^i  a  town  in  the  Campagna  di 
Roma,  the  fee  of  a  biiliop,  held  immedi- 
ately under  the  pope;  built  near  the  ruins  of 
the  ancient  Alba,  celebrated  for  the  conteil 
between  the  Horatij  and  the  Curiatij.  14 
miles  SSE.  Rome,  and  8  W.  Veletri. 

Albam,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
oftheSerio.    5  miles  E.  Bergamo. 


Alhano,  a  town  of  Naplo?,  in  the  province 
of  Otranto.     4  miles  WNVW  Oituni. 

Alb.cJno[ioli,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Albania,  or  the  Drin,  near  the  borders  of 
Macedonia,  formerly  the  capit.d,  but  now  a 
mean  place,  without  walls.  4a  miles  E. 
Aleflio,  60  SE.  Durazzo. 

^i-'Z/'iV/zj',  adiftriift  of  Scotland,  more  ufually 
called  Breadalbane. 

Alba?iy,  a  county  of  New- York,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  county  of  Saratoga,  on 
the  eall  by  the  river  Hudibn,  on  the  ibuth 
by  the  county  of  Green,  and  on  the  weft  by 
the  counties  of  Schoharie  and  Montgomery. 

Albany,  a  city  of  United  America,  and  ca- 
pital of  a  county  of  the  Hime  name,  in  the 
flate  of  New- York,  lituated  on  the  weft  fide 
of  Hudfbn's  river  ;  firft  fettled  by  the  Dutch. 
It  contains  iico  houles,  and  about  6000  in- 
habitants. 1 60  miles  N.  New-York.  Long. 
74.  7.0.  W.  Lat.^z.  36.  N. 

yllbivazin,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon, 
lituated  on  a  mountain,  furrounded  by  the 
Guadalaviar,  The  Romans  called  it  Lcbe- 
tuni  and  Turia,  and  it  is  reckoned  one  of  the 
moft  ancient  towns  of  Spain.  In  1577,  it 
was  ereded  into  a  bifhoprick,  and  endowed 
With  an  annual  income  of  6000  ducats.  It  is 
but  thinly  inhabited,  and  principally  cele- 
brated for  tlie  wool  produced  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, reckoned  the  fineft  in  Aragon. 
In  iai9,  Roderick  de  Lizana,  a  powerful 
nobleman,  fled  to  this  town,  and  flood  a 
fiege  of  two  months  againft  the  forces  of 
the  king  of  Aragon,  who  were  compelled  to 
retire.  In  1284,  it  was  taken  by  the  king. 
75  miles  S.  Saragoffa,  and  120  E.  Madrid. 
Long.  I.  20.  W.  Lat.  40.  34.  N. 

Albarada,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Vero- 
ncie.    15  miles  SE.  Verona. 

Albardi,  a  mountain  of  Piedmont,  near 
Aofta. 

Alba!,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot.     9  miles  W.  Cahors. 

Albafano,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Albania.  45  miles  ESE.  Durazzo,  and  150 
SW.  Sophia.  Long.  20.  15.  E.  Lat.  41. 
30.  N. 

Albatera,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia. 
20  miles  SW.  Alicant. 

Albay,  a  town  on  the  eaft  fide  of  the  ifle 
of  Lucon.  Long.  133.  50.  E.  Lat.  13. 
17.  N. 

Albayda,  or  Alvclda,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Old  Caftile.    6  miles  from  Logrono. 

Albazin,  a  town  of  Chinefe  Tartary,  for- 
merly a  fortrefs  built  by  the  Ruffians,  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  Saghalien.  It  was  taken 
and  deflroyed  by  the  Chinefe  in  1680,  and 
foon  evacuated,  when  it  was  rebuilt  by  the 
Ruffians.  The  Chinefe  made  another  at- 
tempt to  take  it,  but  were  unllicccisful.  By 
the  treaty  of  Nertchinf]<,  in  1689,  it  was 
ceded  to  China. 


ALB 


ALB 


/illjt,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruz20 
Ultra.    15  miles  S-  Aquiia. 

Jllhe,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rifes  in 
the  Black  Foreft,  and  runs  into  the  Rhine, 
3  miles  above  LauflFenburg. 

Jllhe,  a  riv^r  of  tlie  dutchy  of  Lunenburg, 
•^'hich  runs  into  the  Aller,  near  Re':hem. 

Albe.,  a  river  in  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Sarre,  at  Sarre-alb. 

Albec,  a  river  of  SwiiTerland,  wliich  runs 
into  the  Rhine,  near  Furffenau. 

Alher^a^  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia.  6 
miles  SSW.  Lerida. 

Jilheck,  or  Alhe^,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  territory  of  Ulrn,  fituated  on  the 
Froz.  On  the  nth  of  Odober  1805,  the 
French  were  worfted  near  this  place  by 
the  Auflrians.  5  miles  NE.  Ulm,  and  8 
WNW.  Augiburg.  Long.  10.  4.  E.  Lat. 
48.  ft9.  N. 

Albsgna,  a  river  of  Etruria,  which  runs 
into  the  lea  near  Orbitello.  Long.  11.  la. 
E.  Lat.ii2.  34.  N. 

Albckirk,  a  town  of  Holland.  4  miles 
SW.  Medemblick. 

Albeit  a  river  which  rifes  nearBormio,  and 
runs  into  the  Rhine  near  Bergun. 

Albsynarh,  a  county  of  the  ftate  of 
Virginia. 

Albe7!2arh,  fee  Atwiale. 

Allh'viarlejOVit  of  the  counties  of  North 
Carolina. 

Albeinark-Sou7id,  an  inlet  of  the  fea,  on 
thi;  eaft  coafl:  of  United  America,  in  Kr,ith- 
Carolina,  at  the  mouths  of  the  rivers  Roa- 
noke, Meherring,  Nottaway,  &c. 

Albert,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Inner-Car- 
riola.    2  miles  NW.  Cirknitz. 

Alhen-Seey  a  lake  of  Auflria.  1  %  miles 
VV.  Windiili-Garten. 

Albengc7,  or  Albcj7gua,  a  ftrong  feaport 
town  of  Genoa,  the  fee  of  abinicp,"iuflragi-.n 
«>f  the  archbiiliLp  of  Genoa.  The  town  was 
burnt  bv  the  Pifans  in  1171;,  but  J'oon  re- 
built ;  the  enviions  are  fertik-,  but  the  air  is 
unwholclbme.  ;,o  miles  SW.  Genoa,  and 
J 2  NE.  Oneglia.  L»>ig.  8.  2.  E.  Lcir. 
44-   N. 

Alb^jiga,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
Genoa,  oppoiite  flie  town  of  Albcnga;  it  is 
ajl'o  called  C'^liifuinu 

Albenqnc,  (//)  a  town  of  Fip.ncc,  «,  the 
department  of  the  Lot.  7  nules  SSE.Lahois, 
and  20  NNE.  Montauban. 

AlU-rcL',  a  nvcr  of  Spain,  wliicji  u.ns  into 
the  Tagus  a  lilile  alx.ve  Tah.v.ra. 

Alberdorf,  a  town  of  Ai  Ifria,  on  the  ri- 
ver Bulkau.     7  mile;;  E.  Schiaitenial. 

Albcrg,  a  moaritain  of  Gcimai-.y,  caff  of 
the  lake  ofConftans. 

Albci?ii,(  Civialof)  an  inlet  of  the  N(Mth 
Pacilic  Ocean,  on  lliei'oulh-weif  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  (;^u;uia  and  Vancouver.  Lo} g.  2J5. 


Alhsrcnty  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Capitanata.  Smiles  SSE.  Volturara. 

Albert,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.  It  is  fometimes  called 
Avcre,  or  Encre.  25  miks  NE.  Amiens, 
J 2  NW.  Peronne. 

AAhelhoff,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meurte-    9  miles  NNE.  Dieuxe. 

Albefzii,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Walachia.  70  miles  NE.  Buchareff.  50 
\Y.  Ibrail. 

Albilrcjl  Point,  a  craggy  cape  of  Nev- 
Zealand.    i^;7^r,  1S4.42.W.   Lat.:},Z.^,S. 

Albi,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  Mont-Blanc,  late  Savoy.  9  m.  NNE.  Aix. 

Albi,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province  of 
Albruzzo  Ultra.     6  miles  W.  Celano. 

Albiafii,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold- 
Ccalf. 

Albi?!,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diilri(ff,  in  the  department  of  the 
Aveiron.  18  miles  NW.  Rhodez.  Long.z. 
20.  E.     Lat.  44.  31.  N. 

Albin,  or  Alpen,  a  town  of  SwiiTerland, 
in  the  Vaiais.     22  miles  E.  Sion. 

Albion,  a  name  fometimes  given  to  the 
iiland  of  Great-Britain. 

Albion,  Neiv,  a  country  of  North-Ame- 
rica, on  thecoaff  of  I  he  North  Pacific  Ocean, 
extending  from  the  30th  degree  of  north 
latitude  to  the  38th;  the  eaftern  limits  are 
unknown.  This  name  was  firff  applied  by 
Sir  Francis  Drake,  and  has  been  fince  re- 
newed by  Captain  Vancouver.  The  mifTion 
of  St.  Domingo,  founded  by  the  Spaniards, 
is  the  moll:  fouthemmoft  of  their  fctilements 
in  New  Albion;  and  it  is  alio  to  be  under- 
ftood  as  the  molT:  Ibuthevn  of  thofe  that  are 
confdeied  as  new  eftabliihments,  from  ha- 
ving been  formed  fublequent  to  the  year 
1769,  when  the  expeditions  by  fea  and  land 
were  undertaken  to  fettle  Monterrey  and  St. 
Diego.  x\t  this  period  their  ncrth-weftern- 
molt  pofietlion  on  this  coaft  was  Vellicata; 
and  S.inta  Maria,  on  the  coaft  of  the  penin- 
fula,  in  the  gulf  of  California.  Until  that 
time  thefe  two  miifious  had  formed  a  kind  of 
north-uefttrn  barrier,  or  frontier,  to  the 
Spanifh  Mexican  colonics;  but  the  rapid 
ftrides  that  RulTia  was  then  making  in  fub- 
je61ing  to  its  govtrnment  the  countries  bor- 
dering on  the  north-wcftern  part  of  the 
North  Pacihc  O'cean,  awakened  the  appre- 
heniions  and  roufed  the  jcalouly  of  thcSpa- 
nilli  court;  and  in  conlequcnce  of  the  alarm 
thus  given,  thole  expeditions  weie  under- 
taken. Since  that  time  all  the  new  diabliih- 
nien's  have  been  formed,  and  the  million  of 
Velicata  removed  fomc  leagues  to  the  north- 
welfward,  nearer  the  exterior  coaft  of  Cali- 
fornia. The  new  fettlements  are  divided 
into  four  different  counties,  or  rather  are 
placed  under  four  diftiniSt  jurifdii^tions,  of 
wliich  Moutcrrey  is  the  principal,  a^d  the. 


ALB 

tftablifhed  rendcnce,  as  well  of  the  gtv 
vernor,  who  is  captain -^jeneriil  of  the  pro- 
vince, as  of  the  father  prehdentofthe  Fran- 
cifcan  order  of  mlflionaries.  In  each  ol  the 
divifions  is  fixed  one  military  port  only, 
called  the  picfidio,  poverneJ  by  a  lieutenant, 
who  has  under  him  an  enfi^n,  with  fjrjeants, 
corporals,  &c.  Although  the  jurifdidion  of 
the  governor  extends  over  the  whole  pro- 
vince, yet  the  refpeftive  commanders  at  the 
feveral  prefidios  are  invefted  with  great 
authorities  in  ordinary  matters  relative  to 
their  civil  or  military  jurifdidion;  but  they 
fcera  to  have  very  little  influence  or  concern 
in  any  thing  that  appertains  to  the  miflions 
or  ecclefiaftical  government,  which  appears 
to  be  wholly  under  the  authority  and  ma- 
nagement of  the  holy  fathers.  The  moll 
northern  prefidio  is  that  of  St.  Francifco, 
which  has  under  its  authority,  or  more  pro- 
perly fpeaking,  under  its  protedion,  the 
milHons  of  St.  Francifco  and  Santa  Clara. 
The  next  in  fucceffion  fouthward  is  that  of 
Monterrey,  the  capital  of  the  province;  un- 
der which  are  the  milfions  of  Santa  Cruz,  La 
Soledad,  St.  Carlos,  Sr.  Antonio,  St  Louis, 
and  Santa  Rofa  laPuriffima.  The  next  and 
fmaller  dividon  is  that  of  Santa  Barbara. 
Although  this  prefidio  and  million  v/ere  not 
erefted  until  the  year  1786,  the  Spaniards 
had,  prior  to  that  time,  refided  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood for  four  or  five  years,  in  fmali 
huts  and  tents.  Belides  the  million  of  St. 
Barbara,  the  prefidio  has  under  its  ordinary 
authority  that  of  Buena  Ventura,  founded  in 
the  year  1784,  and  the  Pueblos  de  los  An- 
gelos,  formed  in  1731;  which  latter,  C.ipt. 
Vancouver  was  told,  was  fubjeft  alia  to  the 
controul  of  the  prefidio  of  St.  Diego,  the 
fourth  and  fouthernmoft  of  thefe  new  fettle- 
ments.  This  prefides  over  the  million  of  St. 
Diego,  founded  with  the  prefidio  in  the 
year  1770;  over  St.  Tjan  Capiilrano,  St. 
Gabriel,  ind  St.  Miguel.  The  laft  is  not  of 
thcFrancifcan  order,  but  forms  the  northern- 
mof-tof  the  Dominican  milfions.  The  reJi- 
l^ious  of  this  order  extend  their  miflions 
fouthward,  not  only  along  the  exterior  coaii, 
but  alfo  over  the  whole  cf  the  peninfula; 
and  are  under  the  regufuions  of  the  prefidio 
at  Loretto,  which  is  the  only  military  ella- 
blilhment  to  the  fouth  of  St.  Diego,  on  the 
peninfula  of  California.  "  The  climate  of 
the  country  is,"  iays  Capt. Vancouver,  *'  by 
our  own  experience,  as  well  as  by  the  infor- 
mation we  obtained,  fjbjed  to  muchdroupht. 
The  rainy  fealbn  is  from  the  month  of  De- 
cember to  March,  the  autumn  in  general 
being  very  dry;  and  although  in  the  early 
part  of  our  vifit  the  preceding  year  we  had 
ibme  rain,  yet  we  experienced  an  almolt 
uninterrupted  feries  of  fine  weather,  with  a 
clear  atmofphere.  On  quitting  Monterrey 
ttje  jjreceding  year,  I  had  made  fomi  re- 


A  L  B 

marks  on  the  heat  and  cold  at  that  time*, 
but  [  had  no  opportunity  of  making  any  frefU 
experiments  for  this  purpofe  on  our  late  vifit. 
Our  climate  atfcawas  much  more  uniform; 
the  niea^n  iieight  of  the  mercury  in  the  ther- 
mometer was  about  6z'.  without  varying 
more  than  5'".  in  elevation  or  depreffion; 
though  in  a  few  inftances  for  an  hour  or 
two  in  the  day  the  heat  was  oppretlive,  and 
fome  of  the  nights  were  extremely  cold. 
The  mercury  in  the  barometer  was  alfo  very 
uniform,  not  defcending  lower  than  29  in. 
9(s-ioths,  or  riflng  above  ,30  in.  a^-rothr. 
Nor  did  the  ihores  indicate  their  being  fubjtft 
to  frequent  itorms,  or  hard  gales  of  wind, 
though  it  is  imagined  that  the  wind  fome- 
times  blows  very  ftrongfrom  the  fouth-eafl, 
weft,  and  north-weft,  at  the  diftance  of  a 
fev/  leagues  from  the  coaft,  from  the  heavy 
billows  that  roll  in  thefe  diredtions,  and 
break  with  great  fury  on  the  fliore.  The 
north-weft  winds,  however,  are  by  far  the 
moll  general,  and  occafion  great  dilbculty 
in  paffing  along  thefe  fliores  to  the  north- 
ward. The  praftice  of  the  Spaniards  is  to 
ftand  a  great  diftance  into  the  ocean,  until 
thev  reach  far  to  the  northward  of  the  pa- 
rallel of  the  port  whither  they  are  bound,  and 
then  fteer  for  the  land;  but  flom  our  obfer- 
vations  during  the  time  we  were  navigating 
thefe  fliores,  ll;ch  a  precaution  did  not  appear 
neceflliry.  The  abfence  of  rain  in  the  dry 
fealbn  is  in  fome  nieafure  compenfated  by 
the  dews.  Thefe  frequently  fall  very  hea- 
vily, and  tend  to  preferve  the  produdions 
of  nature  from  being  entirely  deftroyed, 
though  not  in  fufficient  quantity  to  keep  in 
conftant  action  the  fprings  of  vegetation; 
hence  the  dreary  afped:  of  the  country  ia 
moft  fituations,  which  is  further  increafed 
by  the  general  Icarcitv  of  running  water,  as 
the  whole  country  aftords  but  a  few  fmal? 
llreams.  The  country,  however,  did  not 
feem  whoilv  deilitute  of  this  valuable  article, 
tliough  it  did  not  frequently  difcover  itfelf 
en  its  furface  ;  and  I  entertain  little  doubt, 
that  by  digging  wells  to  a  proper  depth,  a. 
fufhcient  and  excellent  fupply  for  all  do- 
meflic  purpofes  would  be  obtained  in  molt 
places.  The  Spaniards,  though  pofl'effmg 
this  very  extenflve  and  fertile  trad  of  land, 
have  not  turned  it  to  any  profitable  advan- 
tage, notwithftanding  that  the  foil  may  be 
rich  and  luxuriant,  at  leaft  in  the  parts  fe- 
leded  by  the  Spaniards  for  their  fetdements- 
Thefe  were  obtained  with  little  trouble  in 
clearing  the  ground,  as  fpaces  of  great  ex- 
tent were  f )und  nearly  free  from  trees  or 
ftirubs,  and  equally  rich  in  foil  with  thole 
parts  that  produced  their  lofty  timber-trees 
and  luxuriant  forefts.  This  fertility  of  foil 
feems  to  cxift  with  little  variation  through 
the  plains  and  valleys  of  the  interior  country, 
extending  in  fome  places  to  the  water's  edge 


,    '■  '  ALB 

on  tlie  fea-coaft.  The  pueblos  differ  mate- 
ri.illy  from  either  the  millions  or  the  prjefi- 
dios,  and  inay  be  better  expreffed  by  the 
name  of  villages  or  towns;  bein^r  unfup- 
ported  by  any  other  proteftion  than  that  of 
the  perfons  who  refide  there.  Thefe  are  for 
old  Spanifli  or  Creole  foldiers,  who  having 
ferved  their  refpeflivc  turns  of  duty  in  the 
millions,  or  in  the  prefidios,  become  entitled 
to  exemption  from  any  farther  military  fer- 
vices,  and  have  permiffioo  either  to  return 
to  tl'.cir  native  country,  or  to  pafs  the  re- 
mainder of  their  lives  in  thefe  villages.  Mofi: 
of  thefe  foldiers  arc  married,  and  havefami- 
lies;  and  when  the  retirement  of  the  pueblos 
is  preferred,  grants  of  land,  with  fome  ne- 
celTary  articles,  are  given  them,  to  commence 
their  new  occupation  of  hufbandry,  as  a 
reward  for  their  former  fervices,  and  as  an 
incitemcRt  to  a  life  of  indiiftry;  v/hich,  witli 
the  afHitance  of  a  few  of  the  friendly  and 
well-difpofed  natives,  they  carry  into  elfeft 
with  great  advtmtage  to  their  families.  Fer- 
tile fpots  are  always  chofen  for  planting 
thefe  colonics,  by  cultivating  whicii  they  are 
foon  enabled  to  raife  corn  and  cattle,  fufli- 
cicnt  not  only  for  their  own  fupport,  but  for 
the  ilipply  of  the  wants  of  the  millions  and 
prefidios  in  their  neighbourhood.  Being- 
trained  to  arms,  they  early  inftruct  the  riling 
generation,  and  bring  them  up  to  the  obedi- 
ence of  military  authority,  under  the  laws  of 
which  they  themfelves  continue  to  be  go- 
verned. Thefe  pueblos  generally  conhft  of 
about  thirty  or  forty  old  foldiers  v/ith  their 
families,  who  may  be  confdered  as  a  fort  of 
militia  of  the  country,  and  as  afRlliing  in  the  . 
increafe  of  its  population,  which,  as  iar  as  it 
refpeds  the  Spaniards,  is  yet  in  a  very  hum- 
ble ftate.  The  mode  originally  adopted, 
and  flnce  confbantly  purfued,  in  fettling  this 
country,  is  by  no  means  calculated  to  pro- 
duce any  great  increafe  of  white  inhabitants. 
The  Spaniards,  in  their  millions  and  preli- 
dios,  being  the  two  principal  diftimflions  of 
Spanilh  inhabitants,  lead  a  confined,  and  in 
moll  refpe(^s,  a  very  indolent  lite;  the  reli- 
gious part  of  the  fociety  within  a  cloifter, 
the  military  in  barracks.  The  introduiflion 
of  chriftianity  among  the  nations,  the  cul- 
tivation of  their  minds,  and  making  them 
difciples  ot  the  Uomifh  church,  being  wholly 
entruftcd  to  the  religious  of  the  refpciftive 
orders,  none  of  thofc  Indians  are  fufFered  to 
be  employed  in  the  prelidi^s,  butfuch  as  are 
particularly  recommended ;  to  whom  the 
olhcers  who  give  them  employ  are  obliged 
to  pay  a  certain  daily  fum  of  money,  accord- 
ing to  the  fervice  received;  whilll  at  the 
fume  time  the  fithcrs  have  hundreds  at  their 
command,  who,  when  employed  by  them, 
are  rewarded  with  the  produce  rtfulting  from 
the  labours  ot  fuch  ot  their  own  ibciety  as  are 
engaged  in   agriculture,   in  manufavluring 


ALB 

their  woollen  garments,  or  in  gardening. 
Thefe  are  the  payments  by  which  the  wages 
of  the  carpenter,  the  fmith,  the  mafon,  and 
other  mechanics,  are  fatisfied;  and  as  they 
have  few  perfons  of  thefe  trades  ambngft 
themlelves,  the  whole  of  fuch  bufinefs  is  per- 
formed by  the  Indians,  under  the  immediate 
inftru6tion  and  infpeftion  of  the  reverend 
fathers,  who  by  thefe  means  alone  have 
erei5led  all  their  fabrics  and  edifices.  Thefe 
benevolent  fathers  are  the  corporeal  as  well 
as  fpiritual  phyficians  of  all  the  Indian  tribes 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  millions.  The 
number  of  the  natives  at  this  period,  who 
were  faid  to  have  embraced  the  Roman-Ca- 
tholic perfualion  under  the  difcipline  of  the 
Francifcan  and  Dominican  orders  of  miflion- 
aries  in  New-Albion,  and  throughout  the 
peninfula  of  California,  amounted  to  about 
twenty  tlioufand ;  and  they  were  eftimated 
at  an  eighth  or  tenth  of  the  whole  native 
population  of  thofe  countries.  The  miffion- 
aries  of  the  Francifcan  order,  who  extend 
their  functions  no  further  fouth  than  St. 
Diego,  ad  in  all  cafes  under  the  particular 
direction  of  their  college,  a  branch  of  which 
i:^  eflablilhed  at  Mexico,  with  which  a  con- 
itant  correlpondence  is  kept  up,  and  by 
which  their  condud;  appears  on  all  occafions 
to  be  regulated ;  and  they  feem,  in  mofi:  re- 
fpefts,  nearly  independent  of  military  fub- 
jedtion.  The  number  of  Spanilb  forces  be- 
tv/een  St.  Francifco  and  St.  Diego,  including 
both  ellablifliments,  and  occupying  an  extent 
in  one  line  ofupv/ards  of  4^0  nautical  miles, 
docs  not  amount  to  three  hundred,  officers 
included ;  and  from  St.  Diego  to  Loretto  not 
above  one  hundred  more.  There  are,  for 
the  protection  of  the  millions,  lixteen  Domi- 
nicans to  the  fouth  of  Diego,  and  thirteen 
Francifcans  to  the  north.  Of  the  former 
each  million  is  guarded  by  five  foldiers  only, 
while  for  the  latter  ten  or  twelve  are  ap- 
pointed, there  being  more  danger  to  be 
apprehended  from  the  Indians." 

yf/l)is,  a  town  of  SwilTerland,  in  the  canton 
of  Zurich,  where  in  1799  the  French  had  a 
camp.     T,  miles  SW.  Zurich. 

Albifola,  a  town  of  the  Ligurian  Republic. 
5  miles  NE.  Savona. 

Albo,  a  river  of  Africa,  on  the  eaftern 
boundary  of  the  Gold-Coall:. 

Albona,  a  town  of  Iftria,  lituated  at  the 
foot  of  a  mountain  near  the  Gulph  of 
Carnero.  16  miles  E.  Rovigno;  38  SSE. 
Triefte.    Zo;/^.  14.45.  E.     Z.?;^.  45. 15.  N. 

Alhona,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs  into 
the  Po,  9  miles  ESE.  Luniello. 

Albof2>iiil,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Grenada.     18  miles  ENE.  Motril. 

Albor,  or  Alvor,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Algarva,  with  an  old  caftle, 
where  John  II.  king  of  Portugal  died  in  the 
ycitr  1495.    3  miles  W.  Lagos. 


A  L  C 


AL  C 


yHhoran^  an  ifland  in  the  Mediterranean, 
near  the  coall:  of  Fez.  Long.  %.  3j.  W. 
Lat.  36.  N. 

Alhorg^  fee  Aalhorg. 

Albtrough,  fee  Al&orough. 

Alhount,  fee  Auburn. 

Alboiizeme,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  coaffc 
ofBarbary.  Lo;ig.z. S4-^-   i-r?;.  35. 10.  N. 

Albrechtaiv,  a  town  of  Prulfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Oberland.    ao  m.E.  Marienwerder. 

Albrcchtfperg,  a  town  of  Audria.  9  miles 
W.  S.  Polten. 

Albreda,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Barra,  on  the  Gambia.    18  miles  S.  Barra. 

Alhret,  a  town  of  France  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Landes;  before  the  revolution, 
capital  of  afmallcountry  in  Gafconv-  i?  m. 
SSW.  Bazas,  and  la  N.  Mont  de  Marfan. 

Albrightotu  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Salop,  on  the  borders  of  Stafford- 
fliire.     8  miles  NW.  Wolverhampton. 

Albufit-r-t,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarva, 
near  the  fca.  rzm.E.VillaNovadePouimao. 

Albufn-L-!,  a  lake  on  the  eaflern  coail  of 
Spain,  in  Valencia,  which  communicates  with 
the  Mediterranean  by  means  of  fluices.  It 
fupplies  the  markets  of  Valencia  with  fifli, 
particularly  eels.  At  certain  fcafons  it  is 
much  reforted  to  by  fportfmen,  to  take  and 
{hoot  wild-fowl,     ic  miles  S.  Valencia. 

Albuglet,  X  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  cad: 
branch  of  the  Nile.     10  m.  SS  W^  Damietta. 

Albuhat,  a  town  of  Egypt.  30  miles  SE. 
^ianfora. 

Albiiia,  fee  Albach. 

Albunucla^,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Grenada,     iz  miles  E.  Alhama. 

Albuola,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  tlie  province 
of  Baillicata.     8  miles  S.  Potenza. 

Albuquerque,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Eftrama- 
dura,  on  the  frontiers  of  Portugal,  defended 
by  a  caftle  fituatcd  on  a  mountain  ;  the 
inhabitants  carry  on  a  coofiderable  trade  in 
wool  and  cloth-  In  1705  it  was  taken  by  the 
Portuguefe.  20  miles  N.  Badajos,  and  40  S. 
Alcantara.     Long.  7.W.     Lat.  39.  10.  N. 

Albuqiierqiu,  a  rock  in  the  Spanifh  Main, 
near  the  coaftof Honduras.  Long.%i.  6.\V. 
Lat.  12.  N. 

Alhurz,  or  Albnrz  Couh,  an  eaflern  name 
of  Mount  Caucafus. 

A!by,  a  city  of  France,  and  principal  place 
of  a  dill:ri(5t,  in  the  department  of  the  Tarn. 
Before  the  revolution,  it  was  the  capita!  of 
a  fmall  country  in  Upper  Languedoc,  called 
The  Albigeois,  the  fee  of  an  archbifliop,  and 
a  royal  tribunal  of  juftice.  It  is  fituated  on 
the  Tarn,  ao  miles  N.  from  Caftres,  38  NE. 
Thouloufe.  //^«^.  z.  13.E.  /-i^/.  43.55.  N. 

Alby,  a  village  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  York,  faid  to  have  been  a  Roman  city, 
called  Derventes.     10  miles  NE.  York. 

Alcagar  Cegtcer,  or  Zegiier,  or  Seguar,  a 
town  and  fortrels  of  Africa,  on  the  coaft  of 


Fez,  built  by  Almanfor  II.  between  Tangiers 
and  Ceuta.  It  was  taken  by  Alphonlb  king 
of  Portugal,  in  die  year  1458,  but  abandoned 
foon  after.    Long.  5. 36.  W.  L:Jt.  35.  48.  N. 

Alcat^ar  de  Giu'tc%a.tovjn  of  Spain,  in  New 
Cartiie.     20  miles  from  Cuen9a. 

Alcijgar  Jo  Sal,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Eftramadura,  fituated  on  the 
river  Caldaon,  eighteen  miles  from  the  fea, 
on  the  confines  of  Alentejo,  anciently  called 
Salachia  Im.pcratoria,  defended  with  walls 
and  a  caffle,  which  pafles  for  impregnable ; 
it  contains  650  houfes,  the  inhabitants  of 
which  arc  chiefly  employed  in  making  fait. 
38  miles  SE.  Lifbon,  and  26  E.  Setuvjil. 
Long.i.iz.W.    Z(7/.  38.  22.N. 

ALagar-qulber,  or  Alcagar-quiver,  a  town 
of  Africa,  in  the  empire  of  Morocco,  and 
pro^ince  of  Garb,  fituated  on  the  river  Lucos, 
founded  by  Jacob  Almanfor,  fourth  king  of 
the  Almohades,  on  the  fpot  where  he  was 
hofpitably  received  by  a  fiiherman,  when  he 
had  loft  himfelf  in  hunting.  In  1503,  it  was 
befieged  by  the  Portuguefe  without  fuccefs; 
and  in  1378,  Sebaftian  king  of  Portugal  loft 
his  life  in  a  battle  with  the  Moors,  near  this 
town.     36  miles  S.  Tangiers. 

Alcagar  de  San  yuan,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Ncw-Cailile.     43  miles  SE.  Toledo. 

Alcacava,  a  town  of  Morocco,  in  the  pro- 
vince ol  Darah.     100  miles  SE  Morocco- 

Alcagovas,  {As,)  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alentejo.     14  miles  SW.  Evora. 

y^ikala  de  los  Gaztiles,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
tlic  country  of  Seville,  fituated  on  a  moun- 
tain, furrounded  on  all  fides  by  a  beautifiil 
and  fertile  plain,  with  an  ancient  caftle.  10 
miles  ENE.  Medina  Sidonia. 

Alcala  de  Gnardiara,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
the  country  of  Seville,  on  the  Guardiara.  i  z 
miles  NE.  Seville. 

Alcala  de  Henarcs,  an  ancient  town  of 
Spain,  fituated  on  the  river  Henares,  the  fee 
of  a  bifliop,  fuffragan  of  Toledo.  Its  Roman 
name  was  Covipiutam;  and  in  the  early  ages 
of  chriftianity  it  was  ctMz^  Alcala  de  S.Jufl^ 
from  a  devout  man  of  that  name,  who,  with 
his  brotherPafteur,  fuffered  martyrdom  near 
the  walls  of  the  town,  under  a  Roman  perfect 
named  Dacianus.  It  received  the  name  of 
Alcala  de  Henares,  from  the  river  which 
furrounds  its  walls.  It  is  a  place  of  fome 
confiderable  trade,  the  ftrects  are  tolerably 
wide,  and  the  houfes  well  built-;  but  the  prin- 
cipal thing  on  which  it  prides  itfelf  is  the 
univerfity,  the  moft  confiderable  in  Spain, 
next  toSalamanca,  hounded  at  firft  by  Sancha 
kingof  Caffile,  in  1253  ;  and  afterwards  more 
fully,  in  the  beginning  of  the  i6th  century, 
by  Cardinal  Ximenes.  Here  it  was  that  the 
Cardinal  printed  his  celebrated  Polyglott 
bible  in  1499,  called  from  the  place  the 
Complutenfian  Polyglott;  in  the  printing  of 
v.'hich  the  bell  copies  that  could  be  procured 


A  L  C 


A  L  C 


were  confulted,and  fome  of  the  moft  learned 
men  of  the  time  employed  to  prepare  the 
work  for  the  prcfs,and  fuperintend  the  print- 
ing; among  whom  were  Demetrius,  a  native 
of  Ciete,  Antony  of  Nebiifia,  I.opez  Aftu- 
niga,  Ferdinand  Pintian,  profefTors  of  the 
G reek  and  Latin  languages ;  Alphonfo,  a  phy- 
Gcianof  Alcala;  PaulCoronel,  and  Alphonfo 
Zamora,  converted  Jews,  celebrated  for  their 
knowledgeof Hebrew.  Seven Hcbrewmanu- 
fcripts  alone  coft  four  thoufand  gold  crowns, 
not  to  mention  the  variety  of  others ;  in  fhort, 
no  care  was  omitted,  and  no  coft  fpared  by 
the  prelate,  to  fend  forth  this  magnificent 
work.  Befides  the  expence  of  this,  which 
coft  him  a  prodigious  fum,  and  building 
the  univerlity,  he  endowed  it  at  his  death 
with  fourteen  thoufand  ducats  per  annum. 
The  country  round  is  fertile,  pleafant,  and 
well  cultivated ;  and  without  the  walls  is  a 
fountain,  called  Corpa,  the  water  of  which 
is  fo  good,  [o  pure,  and  of  fo  excellent  tafte, 
that  the  kings  of  Spain  have  taken  it  into 
their  own  power,  and  let  it  out  to  farm,  and 
ufe  the  water  themfelves  at  Madrid.  John  I. 
king  of  Caftile,  died  here  in  the  year  1390; 
the  emperor  Ferdinand  was  born  here  in  1563; 
and  Cardinal  Ximenes  lies  here  interred  in 
the  chapel  of  the  college  which  himfelf  foun- 
ded. 12  miles  E.  Madrid,  and  44  NE. 
Toledo,     /.o/;^.  3.  42.\V.     Zi//.  37.  43.N. 

j^lcala  Real,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Jaen,  built  on  a  mountain,  the  afcent 
of  which  is  rugged  and  difficult ;  but  the  en- 
tirons  produce  excellent  wine  and  fruit.  36 
miles  SE.  Cordova,  and  1 8  S  W.  Jaen.  Long. 
4.  10.  W.     Lat.  37.  43.  N. 

Alcala  del  Rio,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
country  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadaliquiver.  6 
miles  above  Seville. 

Alcmno,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of 
Mazara,  near  the  Gulf  of  Caliel-a-Mare. 
This  town  was  built  in  828,  on  a  fertile  hill 
called  Bonifacio,  by  a  Saracen  named  Adel- 
camo,  or  Halcamo,  lieutenant  of  the  calif,  as 
apl.ice  of  retreat,  if  uiifuccelsful;  but  in  the 
tune  of  the  emperor  Frederic  II.  it  was  re- 
niovtrd  to  the  plain  where  it  now  ftands.  3 
m.trom  the  fea-coaft,  and  25  SW.  Palermo. 

AkanhcJe,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eftra- 
madura.     19  miles  SW.  Thoniar. 

Alcani,  or  Alkan,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on 
the  weiK'i  n  branch  of  the  Nile.  -lo  miles 
NNW.  Cairo. 

Alccinitz,  or  Alcaniz,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
the  kingdom  of  Aragon,  near  the  frontiers 
of  Catalonia.  46  miles  SE.  SaragofTa.  Lo}ig. 
o.  ii.W.     Z.?/*. 41.  10.  N. 

AUanizos,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Leon,  on  the  frontiers  of  Portugal. 
37  miles  W.  Zamora. 

Alcantara,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ertramadura,  andchief  place  of  the 
Older  of  knights  of  that  name.  It  is  lituated 


in  a  fertile  coiintrv  on  the  river  Tagus,  and 
takes  its  name  (which,  in  the  Moorifh  lan- 
guage, fignifies  a  ffone-bridge)  from  a  cele- 
brated old  bridge  built  over  the  river  in  the 
time  of  Trajan,  at  the  expence  of  feveraJ 
Lufitanian  nations,  200  feet  high,  670  in 
length,  and  28  in  breadth,  on  which  account 
it  was  that  the  Moors  built  the  city  in  this 
place.  The  order  of  Alcantara  was  ftiled,  at 
its  firft  inft:itution,  that  of  St.  Julian ;  and  was 
founded  in  1156,  under  theaufpices  of  Don 
Suero  Fernandes,  and  Don  Gomez  Fernan- 
des  Banientos,  two  gentlemen  of  Salamanca. 
Thefe  two  brothers  refolved  to  take  up  arms, 
and  to  afTociate  with  themfelves  fome  nobles 
of  their  country  in  their  projefl  againft  the 
infidels.  Ordono  bidiop  of  Salamanca  con- 
firmed their  plan,  got  it  approved  by  Pope 
Alexander  III.  and  enjoined  the  knights  to 
the  obfervanceof  the  rules  of  St.Benedift.  It 
was  not  until  the  year  1219,  that  their  prin- 
cipal houfe  was  transferred  to  Alcantara, 
when  they  gave  that  name  to  their  order. 
Alphonfo  VII.  promifed  them  poffeflion  of 
every  thing  they  fhould  take  from  the  infi- 
dels. This  order  is  not  fo  rich  a?  formerly, 
but  it  ftill  pofTefTes  33  commanderies,  four 
alcaydies,  and  four  priories,  which  annually 
produce  8o,oco  ducats.  In  1706,  Alcantara 
was  taken  by  the  Earl  of  Galway  for  King 
Charles,  and  the  garrifon,  confifting  of 
4000  men,  made  prifoners  of  war.  130 
miles  "VVSW.  Madrid,  and  115  SSW.  Sala- 
manca.    Long.  6.  43.  W.     Lat.  39.  40.  N. 

Alcantara,  or  Alcantarilla,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  the  province  of  Seville,  not  far 
from  the  Guadalquivir.  The  Romans  built 
a  bridge  near  the  town,  to  pafs  the  roarihes 
formed  by  the  river,  which  is  ftill  remaining. 
It  was  fhut  in  at  each  end  with  a  gate,  over 
which  was  a  tower.     14  miles  S.  Seville. 

Alcantarilla,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Al- 
garva.     15  miles  E. Villa  Nova  de  Portimao. 

Alcantarilla,  fee  Cantarilla. 

Alcaraz,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New-Caftile, 
fituated  on  the  river  Guardamena,  and  fur- 
rounded  with  mountains,  called  Sierra  de 
Alcaraz,  defended  by  acaftle.  In  1213,  this 
town  was  taken  from  the  Moors  by  Alonzo 
king  of  Caftile,  after  a  fiege  of  two  years.  In 
165 1,  having  feme  time  before  been  taken  by 
the  French,  about  the  middle  of  January  the 
inhabitants  informed  the  governor  of  Lerida 
that  the  caftle  might  be  furprifed;  accord- 
ingly he  lent  a  party  in  the  night,  who 
fcalcd  the  walls  without  oppofition,  and  the 
French,  refufing  quarter,  were  ail  put  to  the 
fword.  The  caftle  was  of  great  confequence, 
and  commanded  the  town.  54  niiles  E.  Civ- 
dad  Real,  105  miles  SSE.  Madrid.  Long, 
2.  52.W.    Z^7/.  38.5^,.  N. 

Alcana,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
ofAlaba.     9  miles  E.  Vittoria. 

Alcarria,  fee  Algarria, 


A  L  C 

Alcatracfs,  an  ifland  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Long.  I02.  30.  W.     Lat.  i6_.  3.  N. 

Alcatraces,  a  laiall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coafl  of  Brazil.  Long.  45.  40.  W. 
Lat.  33.  50.  S. 

Alcatras,  a  rocky  ifland  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coafl:  of  Africa.  Long.  14.  ao.  W. 
Lat.  10.  5.  N. 

Alcaudete,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Cordova,  in  the  road  from  Cordova 
to  Jaen.     18  m.  W.  Jaen,  30  ESE.  Cordova. 

Alcejler,  or  Alncejler,  an  ancient  town  of 
England,  in  the  county  of  Warwick,  fituated 
at  the  union  of  the  rivers  Aln  and  Arrow. 
In  1 801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  1625. 
The  principal  manufiiflure is  making  needles. 
The  market  is  onTuefday,  and  conliderable 
for  corn.  8  miles  NW.  Stratford-on-Avon, 
and  102  NW.  London. 

Alcah,  fee  Tajhkiind. 

Alchaphah,  a  mountain  of  Syria,  inhabited 
by  Armenians.     18  miles  W.  Antakia. 

Alcira,  fee  Algezira. 

Alcken,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Mofelle.    9  miles  SW.  Coblentz. 

Alcmaer,  or  Alk7?iaer,  a  handfome  city  of 
Holland,  fituated  near  Schermeer,  one  of  the 
largeft  lakes  of  North-Holland,  and  not  much 
more  than  three  miles  from  the  fea;  with  a 
canal  into  the  Ye,  and  from  thence  to 
Amflerdam.  Its  magiflracy  is  compofed  of 
four  burgomafters,  an  efcoute,  a  grand  offi- 
cer, and  feven  echevins,  chofen  by  the  vro- 
edfchap,  or  large  council  of  twenty-fou*'. 
In  the  regifler  of  this  city  is  preferved  an 
account  of  a  public  fale  for  the  benefit  of  the 
orphans,  when  about  120  tulips  produced  the 
fum  of  90,000  florins.  Many  of  the  flowers 
had  particular  names;  the  Admiral  of  Enck- 
huyfen  fold  for  5200  florins,  the  Viceroy  for 
4203,  and  two  others  named  Braban^ons  for 
3800.  The  land  about  Alcraaer,  which  was 
formerly  full  of  moraffes,  has  been  drained, 
and  is  now  become  very  rich  paflure  and 
meadow  land,  from  which  are  produced 
great  quantities  of  butter  and  cheefe.  On 
the  2d  of  Odober  1799,  this  town  was  taken 
by  the  Englifli,  but  loon  abandoned.  On 
the  i8th,  a  treaty  of  capitulation  was  figned 
at  the  fame  place  between  the  Duke  of  York 
and  the  commander  of  the  French  and  Bata- 
vian  army.  24  miles  NNW.  Amflerdam. 
Long.  i^.  21. 'E.    Lat.  sz.  3^'^' 

Alcmaer,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaflern 
Indian  Sea,  near  the  coaft  of  Java,  in  light 
of  Batavia. 

Alcmaer,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  on  the  north  coafl  of  New-Guinea. 
Long.  135.  46.  E.     Lat.  3.  53.  S.  _ 

Alcobaga,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eflra- 
madura,  between  two  fmall  rivers  called 
Alcoa  and  Ba^a.  Alphonfo  Henriquez  made 
a  vow,  when  palTing  by  this  place  to  the  fiege 

Vol.  I,  £ 


ALp 

of  Santarem,  that,  if  fuccefsful,  he  wouIdT 
found  a  monaftery  on  the  fpot ;  which  he 
accordingly  did,  and  richly  endowed  it; 
and  it  has  been  the  general  fepulchre  of  the 
Portuguefe  kings  from  that  time;  its  annual 
income  is  laid  to  exceed  2o,cool.  flerling. 
A  manufadure  of  cambric  was  cffablifhed 
fome  years  fince.  Here  is  an  old  Moonfh 
tower,  but  of  no  great  confequence.  ao 
miles  NE.  Peniche,  and  17  SSW.  Leyria. 

Alcocer,  fee  Puehla  (TAlcocer. 

Alcoentre,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eilrama* 
dura.     17  miles  SW.  Santarem. 

Alcolea,  a  town  of  Spikn,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Aragon,  on  the  Cinca.  15  m.  S.  Balbaflro. 

Alcolea,  a  tov.n  of  Spain,  in  Andalulia, 
near  the  Guadalquivir.  6  miles  K.Carmona. 

AlccTickely  a  fortrefs  of  Portugil,  in  Eftra- 
madura.  It  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards  un-- 
der  Don  John  of  Auflria  in  1661,  and  again 
in  1709  ;  but  fince  ceded  to  Spain  with  Oli- 
ven^a  and  a  fmall  diffrid.  12  m.  S.  Oliven^a. 

Alcouchetc,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the 
Tagus,  in  Eftramadura.    10  miles  ]$.  Lifbon» 

Alccve.idasy  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New-Caf^ 
tile.     10  miles  N.  Madrid. 

Alcoiitivhox  Alcoyti7ny  atovn  of  Portugal, 
in  Algarva,  fituated  on  an  ifland  in  the  Gua- 
diana  :  it  is  fmall,  but  defended  by  one  of  the 
bell  caftles  in  the  kingdom.  30  miles  NNE, 
Tavrri.    Long.  7.  24.  W.    Lat.  37.  u6.  N. 

Alcoy,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province  of 
Valencia,  on  a  river  of  the  fame  name.  24 
miles  SSW.  Gandia,  and  20  N.  Alicant. 

Alcudia,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Valencia.     8  miles  NW.  St.  Felipe. 

Alcudia,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Majorca, 
on  the  north-eafl  coall,  with  a  confiderabk 
bay,  to  which  it  gives  name,  in  which  is  good 
anchorage  in  four,  five,  and  fix  fathom  wa- 
ter.    Long.  3.  E.     Lat.  39.  50.  N. 

Alcudiay  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Fez.     12  miles  WNW.  Melilla. 

Alcusfar,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Aragon.     12  miles  N.  Balbaftro. 

Aldan,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  rifes  on 
the  borders  of  China,  Long.  125.  E.  Lat. 
SS'  50.  N.  taking  a  north-eafl  courfe  to  Lat. 
63.  when  it  changes  its  dourfe  to  WNW. 
and  at  Long.  138.  30.  E.  Lat.  63.  35.  N. 
joins  the  Lena. 

Aldbcroiigh,  a  feaport  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  with  a  commodious 
harbour  for  filhermen.  The  fea  has  hereto- 
fore made  conflderable  encroachments  on 
the  town.  It  is  a  corporation,  and  return* 
two  members  to  Parliament.  It  has  two 
markets  weekly.  The  number  of  inhabitants 
is  about  800.  93^  miles  NE.  London,  48 
NE.  Colchelter. 

Aldborough,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
Wefl-Rif'.ingof  Yorkfliire,  on  the  river  Oule, 
formerly  a  Roman  llation,  and  a  magnificent 
town,  little  velliges  of  which  are  now  rili- 


A  L  D 

ble;  it  fends  two  members  to  Parliament. 
In  i8oi,the  number  of  inhabitants  was  only 
445.    I J  miles  NW.York,&  20,-  N.  London. 

y^lde,  or  Olde,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  weft: 
coafl:  of  Norway.  Long.  5.  10.  E.  Lat. 
61.  i^N.  . 

/lldea  de  Atalha,  a  town  of  Portugal,  m 
Alentejo.     5  miles  S.  Arronches. 

Aldea  de  Araguria,  a  town  of  Brafil,  in 
the  government  of  Goyas,  on  the  river  To- 
cantins.     Long.  j<).  46.^.    Lat.  xo.io.S. 

Aldea  de  Carajas,  a  town  of  Brafil,  on  tJie 
river  Negro.     1 70  m.  W.  Fort  Rio  Nep^ro. 

Aldea  de  Ctirua-vafu,  a  town  of  Bralil,  in 
the  government  of  Goyas.  Z(j«^.  53.  51. 
.W.    Lat.  12.  10.  S. 

,  Aldea  dos  hidios^  a  town  of  Brafil,  in  the 
government  of  Ilheos.     10  miles  S.  llheos. 

•  Aldea  de  Tapiiyas,  a  town  of  Bralil.  300 
miles  SW.  St.  Salvador. 

Aldea  Gallega,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Eftramadura,  fituated  in  acreekof  theTagus. 
4;  miles  SE.  Liibon. 

Aldea  el  Muro,  or  Aldea  del  Poo,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile,  on  the  frontiers  of 
Aragon,  fuppofed  to  be  the  Auguftobriga  of 
Ptolemy.     6  miles  E.  Soria. 

•  Aldea  de  Panuco,  a  town  of  Brafil,  in  the 
government  of  Goyas.   %^s  m.  N.  Villa  Boa. 

Aldea  delR'!o,2.  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Cordova,  fituated  on  an  eminence, 
on  the  fouth  lide  of  the  Guadalquivir.  i% 
miles  WSW.  Andujar,  24  NW.  Cordova. 

AJdea  de  Sahante  de  Cux,  a  town  of  Bralil, 
in  the  government  of  Goyas.  300  miles  N. 
Villa  Boa. 

Aldego,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  rifes  near 
Montebello,  in  the  Vicentin,  and  lofes  iifelf 
intheAdige,betweenZerpanoandAlbaredo. 

Aldenahry  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle.  30  miles 
NW.  Coblentz,  and  20  S.  Cologn.  Long. 
6.  50,  E.     Lat.  50.  35.  N. 

AUenaii,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle.  30  miles  S. 
Cologn,  and  20  W.  Andernach.  Long.  6. 
48.  E.     Lat.  50.  29.  N. 

Aldenberg.,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Berg.     12  miles  NE.  Cologn. 

Aldenhurg,  a  trnvn  of  Gernmny,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Anhalt  Bcrnburg.  2  miles  N. 
Bernburg. 

Aldeiil)oven,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Roer.  3  miles  WSW. 
Juliers.     7.';;;^'.  7.  12.E.  Z.^/.  /jo.  53.  N. 

Aldcrburgh,  a  town  or  conliderable  manu- 
fai.^uring  vi'i;'.ge  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Vv"ilts.  2^  miles  SE.  Salifbury. 

Alderholm,  an  iiland  of  Sweden,  at  the 
mourii  of  the  tiver  Gcilc,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia.  On  it  are  an  iron  wcighing-houfe, 
a  Avharf  for  landing  and  loading  deals,  a 
cufloni-houfe,  dock,  arfenal,  and  rjagazine. 
io  miles  N.  Stockholm.    Lat.  60.  40.  N. 


ALE 

Alderney,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Englifli 
Channel,  feparated  from  the  coaft  of  France 
only  by  a  narrow  channel  of  the  fca,  called 
the  Race  of  Alderney ;  about  four  miles  long 
from  eaft  to  weft.  It  has  a  harbour  for  i'mall 
veffels  only,  on  the  fouth  fide.  There  are 
many  rocks  near  the  ifland,  and  the  paffage 
of  the  Race  is  particularly  dangerous  in 
ftormy  weather.  22  miles  NE.  Guernfey, 
10  WNW.  La  Hogue.  Long.  3.  25.  W. 
Lat./^().  30.  N. 

Alderney,  Nenv,  fee  Ourry^s  IJlajjd. 

Alderfefs  Strait,  a  channel  on  the  Mergiii 
Archipelago,  between  St.  Sufanna  and  the 
Two  Kelfals.     Lat.  10.  38.  N. 

Aldourie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Invernefs,  near  the  north-eafl  coalt  of 
LochNefs;  v.here  the  royalifts  under  the 
Marquis  of  Montrofe  obtained  a  victory  over 
the  Scotch  covenanters,  on  the  15th  of  May, 
1645.     5  miles  SW.  Invernefs. 

Aldingen,  a  town  of  W'urtemberg,  on  the 
Neckar.    5  miles  ENE.  Stutgard. 

Aldjlatt,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  the  province 
of  Oberland.     5  miles  N  W.  Preufchmark. 

Aldjlone,ox  Aldjlone-Moor,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  fituated 
on  a  hill  near  the  river  Tyne,  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Northumberland.  The  parifh  is  fmall  j 
buton  accountof  the  lead-mines,exceedingly 
populous.  In  1 801,  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants was  3626.  The  lands  are  held  on  leafe, 
granted  in  the  beginning  of  the  laft  century, 
for  I  coo  years,  at  prefent  under  the  gover- 
nors of  Greenwich  hofpital ;  being  part  of  the 
forfeited  eilates  of  thcEarlof  Derwentwatcr: 
more  than  loco  hands  are  employed  in  the 
lead  works.  The  town  has  a  plentiful  mar- 
ket, held  weekly  on  Saturday.  19  miles  from 
Penrith,  and  304  N.  London. 

Aldudei,  mountains,  part  of  the  Pyrenees, 
in  the  country  of  Lower  Navarre,  between 
Pampeluna,  and  St.  Jean  Pi^  de  Port. 

Ale,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  runs  into 
the  Tiviot,  3  miles  NNW.  Jedburgh. 

Alece,  a  river  of  Naples,  in  CalabriaUltra, 
whicli  runs  into  the  fcanear  Cape  Spartivento. 

Ahd,  a  river  of  Wales,  which  runs  into 
tlic  Elwy,  in  Denbighfliire. 

Alefcora,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus. 
10  miles  S.  Baffa. 

Alcgranza,  one  of  the  Canary  iflands;  it  is 
fmall,  high, and  rocky;  uninhabited,  barren, 
and  dtltitute  of  water :  the  Inhabitants  ot  the 
other  iflands  go  thither  at  certain  times  to 
gather  orchilla.  Long.  13.  20.  W.  Lat. 
29.  30.  N. 

Alcgre,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Loire.  \%  miles  SE. 
Brioudc,  13  NE.  Le  Puy-en-Velay. 

Alegrete,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alentejo, 
on  the  Caia.     7^  miles  SE.  Portalegre. 

Alekieva,  a  river  of  Ruflia,  which  lifes  in 
the  government  of  Archangel,  and  ruiis  into 


A  L  Ei 

the  Frozen  Sea,  Long.  5?.  14.  E.  Lat. 
68.  5- N. 

Alekfandrov,  fee  Aley:androv. 

Akkfcjfhoi,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment ot  Simbirfk.  90  miles  SSE.  Sim- 
birik.     Lo)!^.  so.  14.  E.     Lat.  S3-  I5.  N. 

Akkfiepjloe,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Saratov-  no  miles  NE. Saratov. 

Alekfm,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Tula,  on  the  Occa.  27  miles  NE. 
Kaluga.    Long.  26.  44.  E.    Lat.  54.  44.  N. 

Alek/tn,  a  town  of  European  Turkey  in 
Walachia.    48  miles  NE.  Buchareft. 

Alekfopol,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Ekaterinoflav,  on  the  Bereftovia.  52 
miles  NNW.  Ekaterinoflav.  Long.  34.  24. 
E.     Lat.  49.  N. 

Alejubadiiy,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
Myfore.  5  miles  ESE.  Seringapatam,  and 
45  S.  Bangalore. 

AL'mouth,  fee  Alnemouth. 

Alftnparve,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic,  belonging  to  the  Jaghire,  on  the 
coaft  of  Coromandel.  This  town  was  taken 
by  the  Britifli  in  1 760,  and  the  garrifon  made 
prifonersof  war.  50  miles  S.Madras.  20 
N.  Pondicherry. 

Alempigon,  or  Red-Stones  Rlver^  a  river 
of  Canada,  which  runs  into  lake  Superiour, 
Long.27.  S4.W.     i.a/.48.48.  N.  _ 

A/en,  a  river  of  North-Wales,  which  runs 
into  the  Dee  four  miles  from  Wrexham. 

A/en,  or  Ah/en,  or  A/em,  a  town  of  Ger- 
*nany,inthebifliopricof  Munfl:er.  13  m.  SSE. 
Munfter.    Long.-j.zT.^.   Z^?/.  51.  40. N. 

A/enango,  a  town  of  Mexico.  70  miles 
S.  Mexico. 

A/enby,  a  town  of  Norway.  50  miles  S. 
l)rontheim. 

A/enqon,  a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the 
department  of  the  Orne,  on  the  river  Sarte. 
It  was  originally  a  fimple  chateau,  belong- 
ing to  the  houfe  of  Bellefme  andPerche,  who 
were  vaflals  to  the  dukes  of  Normandy,  as 
well  as  to  the  kings  of  France.  It  was  after- 
wards credted  into  a  county  and  a  dutchy, 
and  became  an  appenageof  the  crown.  In 
1118,  it  was  taken  by  Henry  I.  king  of  Eng- 
land, but  not  held  long.  It  was  alfo  taken 
by  Henry  V.  The  lace-manufafture  is  confi- 
derable.  z\  pofts  S.  Seez,  23^  WSW.Paiis. 
Long.  o.  10.  E.     Lat.  48.  26.  N. 

A/endin,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  empire 
of  Morocco. 

Alengicl!.,  or  A/enjik,  a  town  and  fortrefs 
of  Perfia,  in  the  province  of  A.dirbeitzan.  It 
was  taken,  in  1386,  byTimurBec  ;  and  again 
in  1 40 1,  after  a  fiege  of  two  years,  by  the 
fame  enemy,  who  ordered  the  governor  to 
be  put  to  death  for  his  brave  defence. 

A/ene,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Dowla- 
tabad.     8  miles  E.  Calianne. 

A/enquer,  or  Alc^iquer,  a  town  of  Portu- 
gal, lituated  on  an  eminence,  by  the  fide  of 


ALE 

a  river  which  runs  into  the  Tagus.  It  con. 
tains  five  parifli-churchcs  and  three  convent*. 
The  name  is  faid  to  be  derived  from  an  an- 
cient temple  of  the  Alani,  called  Alenker- 
Kana.     18  miles  NNE.  Lifljon. 

A/enJieig,  a  town  of  Auflria.  4  miles  S. 
Bohmifli-Waidhoven. 

A/ent,  a  town  of  Auflria.  4  miles  WNW. 
Baden. 

A/entejo,  ox  A/ejntcjo,  a  provinceof  Por- 
tugal, lituated  between  the  rivers Tagus  and 
Guadiana,  bordering  on  Spain,  about  thirty- 
fix  leagues  long,  and  tliirty-four  broad;  fo 
named  from  Alem  beyond,  and  Tejo  the 
Tagus.  Although  it  is  from  its  fertility 
called  the  granary  of  Portugal,  it  is  the  leafl 
populous  province  of  the  kingdom,  con- 
taining only  4  cities,  105  towns,  and  358 
pariflics,  with  about  33,935  inhabitants.  The 
thin  population  probably  arifes  from  its  being 
always  the  feat  of  war  with  Spain.  It  con- 
tains a  great  many  fortrefl'es,  and  maintains 
ten  regiments  of  infantry,  belldes  four  of 
cavalry,  which  are  conftantly  recruited  in 
the  province.  The  lands  are  faid  to  be  ill 
cultivated ;  and  the  roads,  through  the  bad- 
nefs  of  the  police,  every  where  full  of  vaga- 
bonds and  beggars.  The  principal  towns 
are  Evora,  Elvas,Campo-Mayor,  Portalegre, 
Villa-Viciofa,  Efiremos,  Moura,  Caflello-de- 
Vide,  Mouraon,  Serpa,  and  Aronches. 

A/eppo,  or  Ha/eh,  a  city  of  Syria,  and 
capital  of  a  pachalic  of  the  Ottoman  empire, 
fituated  partly  on  the  plain,  and  partly  on 
two  or  three  rifing  grounds:  it  is  encom- 
pafi'ed  with  walls  of  hewn  fl:one,  which  are 
thought  to  be  moflly  of  the  Mameluke 
building;  thefe  walls  are  not  above  three 
miles  in  circumference;  but  the  fuburbs, 
efpecially  thofe  to  the  north,  are  exten- 
five ;  fo  that  the  whole  is  not  lefs  than  live 
miles  in  circuit.  Aleppo  is  generally  thought 
to  be  the  old  Beroea :  and  the  few  marks  of 
antiquity  that  remain,  fufficiently  prove  it 
to  be  an  ancient  town.  Marble  pillars  are 
frequently  found  at  a  conliderable  depth  in 
the  earth  to  the  north-eaft  of  the  cafllc,  where 
the  old  town  probably  flood.  One  of  the 
hills  to  the  north  of  the  town  fecms  to  be 
raifed  by  art  into  a  high  mount,  on  v/iiich  the 
cafHe  of  Aleppo  flands ;  and  the  fois  is  near 
half  a  mile  in  circumference.  The  ftreets 
and  bazars,  or  fliops,  are  laid  out  like  thofe 
of  Damafcus.  It  is  efteemed  one  of  the  clean- 
efl  and  beft-built  cities  throughout  theTurk- 
ifh  dominions;  thehoufes  are  of  hewn  fiee- 
flone,  and  fome  of  the  mofques  and  kans 
are  very  magnificent.  Several  of  the  for- 
mer have  large  domes,  but  thefe  are  raifed 
fo  little  above  the  buildings,  (which  are  not 
high  enough  in  proportion  to  their  lize,)  that 
they  appear  low  and  flat,  though  built  at  a 
great  expence.  The  Jews  and  Chrillians  of 
the  country  live  in  yiie  of  the  fiaLurbs,  ar.d 


ALE 

the  Franlcs  in  one  quarter  of  the  city.  The 
houfes  are  all  terraced  over,  fo  that  they  can 
go  from  houfe  to  houfe  on  the  tops  of  them, 
there  being  no  partitions  eredted;  and  the 
air  of  Aleppo  is  fo  fine,  than  the  inhabitants 
lie  on  the  tops  of  the  houfes  during  the  fum- 
nier  feafon.  On  the  north  and  weft  fides  of 
the  town,  at  a  fmall  diftance,  runs  the  river 
Caie,  which,  though  a  little  dirty  ftream,  yet 
paffmg  through  the  gardens  renders  them 
very  pleafant.  This'river  is  loft  in  a  morafs, 
about  four  miles  to  the  eaft  of  old  Aleppo. 
The  gardens  produce  agreatvariety  of  fruit; 
there  are  fmall  houfes  in  them,  to  which  com- 
pany often  retire  for  fome  weeks  in  the  fum- 
mer,  and  they  may  be  hired  at  anytime  for  a 
partyof  pleafure.  On  whatever  fidethe  cityis 
^approached,  its  numerous  minarets  and  domes 
prefent  an  agreeable  profpecl  to  the  eye.  In 
the  time  of  Omar,  the  c;iftle  flopped  the 
progrefs  of  the  Arabs  for  feveral  months,  and 
v/as  at  laft  taken  by  trerxhery ;  but  at  prefent 
would  not  be  able  to  refift  the  feebleft  afTault ; 
its  flight  wall,  lovv/  and  without  a  buttrefs,  is 
in  ruins ;  its  little  old  towers  are  in  no  better 
condition;  and  it  iias  not  four  cannon  fit  for 
fervice,  excepting  a  culverine,  9  feet  long, 
taken  from  the  Perfians  at  the  fiege  of  Baflb- 
rah.  350  Janifaries  who  fliould  form  the  gar- 
rifon,  are  bufy  in  their  fhops,  and  the  Aga 
fcarcely  finds  room  ia  it  to  lodge  his  retinue. 
It  is  remarkable  that  this  An;a  is  named  im- 
mediately by  the  Porte,  whicli,  ever  fufpi- 
cious, divides  as  much  as  poffibie  the  different 
offices.  Within  the  walls  of  the  caftle  is  a 
well,  which  by  means  of  a  fubterraneous 
communication  derives  its  water  from  afpring 
a  league  and  a  quarter  diftant.  In  the  envi- 
rons of  the  city  are  a  number  of  large  fquare 
ilones,  on  the  top  of  which  is  a  turban  of 
ftcne,  which  are  fb  many  tombs.  There  are 
pniny  rifing  grounds  near  it,  which  in  cafe 
of  a  fiege  would  very  much  affift  the  ap- 
proachesof  the  aflkilants.  Aleppo,  therefore, 
cannot  beefteemeda  place  of  importance  in 
war,  though  it  be  the  key  of  Syria  to  the 
north ;  but  conlidcred  as  a  commercial  city, 
it  has  a  different  appearance.  It  is  the  em- 
porium of  Armenia  and  Diarbekir;  fends 
caravans  to  Bagdad,  and  into  Perfia;  and 
communicates  with  the  Pcrfian  guif  and 
India  by  BafTorah,  with  Egypt  and  Mecca 
by  Damafcus,  and  with  Europe  by  AJexan- 
dretta  and  LatalJa.  Commerce  is  principally 
canied  on  by  barter.  The  chief  commo- 
dities are  Mw  or  fpun  cottons;  linens,  clum- 
fi I y  fabricated  in  the  villages;  iilk  ftufFs,  ma- 
nufadured  inthcdty;  copper;  coarfe cloths; 
goats'  hnir  from  Natolia;  the  galf-nuts  of 
Curdiftari;  and  the  mcrchandij?.e  of  India, 
fuci)  as  fhawls  and  muflins;  and  piftachio- 
nuts,  of  the  growth  of  the  neighbourhood. 
The  articles  lupplied  byEurope  are  theLan- 
gueduc  cloths,  cochineal*  indigo,  fugar,  an4 


ALE 

other  groceries.  The  coffee  of  America, 
though  prohibited,  is  introduced,  and  ferves 
to  mix  with  that  of  Mocha.  The  French 
have  at  Aleppo  a  conful  and  feven  counting- 
houfes,  the  Englifti  and  Venetians  two,  and 
the  merchants  of  Leghorn  and  Holland  one. 
The  emperor  appointed  a  conful  there  in 
1784,  in  the  perfon  of  a  rich  Jew  merchant, 
who  fhaved  his  beard  to  afl'ume  the  uniform 
and  the  fword.  Ruflia  has  alfo  fent  one  very 
lately.  Aleppo  is  not  exceeded  in  extent 
by  any  city  in  Turkey,  except  Conftanti- 
nople,  Damafcus,  and  Cairo,  and  perhaps 
Smyrna.  The  number  of  inhabitants  is  com- 
puted at  25  0,000;  and  both  Turks  and  Chrift- 
ians,  are  with  reafon  efteemed  the  moft  ci- 
vilized in  all  Turkey;  and  the  European 
merchants  no  where  enjoy  fo  much  liberty, 
or  are  treated  with  fo  much  refpedt.  The 
air  of  Aleppo  is  very  dry  and  piercing,  but 
at  the  fame  time  falubrious  for  all  who  are 
not  troubled  with  afthmatic  complaints.  The 
city,  however,  and  environs,  are  fubject  to  a 
lingular  epidemic  diforder,  which  is  called  the 
ring- worm,  or  pimple  of  Aleppo;  it  is  in 
faft  a  pimple  which  is  at  firft  inflammatory, 
and  at  length  becomes  an  ulcer  of  the  lize 
of  the  nail.  The  ufual  duration  of  this  ulcer 
is  one  year;  it  commonly  fixes  on  the  face, 
and  leaves  a  fear,  which  disfigures  almoft  all 
the  inhabitants.  It  is  alleged  that  every 
ftranger  who  refides  there  three  months  is  at- 
tacked with  it;  experience  has  taught,  that 
the  beft  mode  of  treatment  is  to  ufe  no  re- 
medy. No  reafon  is  affigned  for  this  malady, 
but  it  is  fufpeffed  to  proceed  from  the  qua- 
lity of  the  water.  Every  body  has  heard  of 
the  pigeons  of  Aleppo,  which  fer\'e  as  cou- 
riers at  Alexandretta  and  Bagdad.  This 
ule  of  them,  which  is  not  fabulous,  has  been 
laid  afide  for  the  laft  forty  or  fifty  years,  be- 
caufe  the  Curd  robbers  killed  the  pigeons. 
The  manner  of  fending  advice  by  them 
was  this:  they  took  pairs  which  had  young 
ones,  and  carried  them  on  horfeback  to  the 
place  from  whence  they  wifhed  them  to  re- 
turn, taking  care  to  let  them  have  a  full  view. 
When  the  news  arrived,  the  correfpondcnt 
tied  a  billet  to  the  pigeon's  foot,  and  let  her 
loofe.  The  bird,  impatient  to  fee  its  young, 
flew  oft"  like  lightning,  and  arrived  at  Aleppo 
in  ten  hours  from  Alexandretta,  and  in  two 
days  from  Bagdad.  It  was  not  dillicult  for 
them  to  find  their  way  back,  fince  Aleppo 
may  be  difcovered  at  an  inimenfe  diftance. 
This  pigeon  has  nothing  peculiar  in  its  form 
except  its  noftrils,  which  inftead  of  being 
Imooth  and  even,  are  fwelled  and  roughs 
Aleppo  was,  in  the  year  638,  taken  by  th^ 
Saracens  from  the  emperor  Heraclius.  In 
1401,  it  was  taken  by  Timur  Bee,  after  a 
bloody  battle,  in  which  the  Syrians  were  to- 
tally routed,  and  the  city  was  given  up  to 
pillage :  the  calUe  made  a  (light  defence,  aud 


ALE 


ALE 


was  afterwards  razed  to  the  ground.    The    ing,  which  appearei  *c  liave  been  achurdu 
pachalic  of  Aleppo  extends  from  the  Eu-    15  miles  S.  Aleppo 


phrates  to  the  Mediterranean;  its  principal 
produce  is  wheat,  barley,  and  cotton;  but 
the  greateft  part  of  the  lands,  though  natu- 
rally fertile,  are  uncultivated.  In  the  ancient 
regillers,  they  enumerated  3,200  villages, 
while  at  prefent  they  fcarcely  find  400. 
ajo  miles  N.  JerufaJem.  Lo7tg.  37.  16.  E. 
Lat.  zs-  47-  N. 

jilcppo,  (Old)  or  Kenajferhn^  a  town  of 
Syria,  fuppofed  by  Dr.  Pocock  to  be  Chalcis, 
the  ancient  capital  of  the  diftriift  of  Chaici- 
dene.  Its  true  Arabian  name  is  KenafTerim. 
The  Arab  writers  alfo  call  the  northern  part 
of  Syria  by  this  name,  according  to  their  di- 
vilion  of  the  country;  and  the  gate  of  Aleppo 
that  goes  out  this  way  has  the  fame  appel- 
lation. Probably  the  Arabs,  finding  Chalcis 
a  flourifliing  city,  might  make  it  the  capital 
of  the  northern  part  of  Syria,  and  call  the 
diftrid  by  the  fame  name  that  the  natives 
originally  gave  the  city — the  Greeks  pro- 
bably impoling  another  name,  ufed  only  by 
themfelves.  It  was  a  confiderable  city  in 
the  time  of  the  ancients,  being  the  ftrong 
hold  of  the  extenfive  country  called  Martyas. 
Its  remains  are  fituated  about  a  mile  fouth 
of  the  river  of  Aleppo,  which  is  called 
the  Caie,  and  runs  at  the  foot  of  the  hills 


Aler^  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  joins  the 
Atiga  at  Aleurfka. 

Aleria,  a  town  of  Cor'L  1.  It  was  for- 
merly a  confiderabic  city,  and  the  fee  of  a 
bii'hop,  fuiFragan  of  tlic  .ichbifhop  of  Pifa; 
but  has  been  abandoned  on  account  of  its  un- 
healthy lituation,  and  is  reduced  to  about  ten 
houfes  and  a  church.     20  miles  SE.  Cortc. 

Alejhnry,  fee  Aylc'ffury. 

AUjJjajn,  or  Aylcjo^un.,  a  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  near  the  river 
Thyrn,  with  a  market  on  Saturday,  and  1667 
inhabitants.  1 2  miles  N.  Norwich,  and  \%i 
NNE.  London. 

Alejhetm,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Anfpach.  f,  m.NW.Weiflemburg. 

Alejta,  a  town  of  the  iiland  of  Sardinia, 
and  iee  of  a  bifliop,  fuffragan  of  Oriftagni. 
ao  miles  NE.  Oriltagni. 

Alejjone,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.  20 
miles  NW.  Larifla. 

AleJfa72o,  a  city  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Otranto,  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fufl'raijan  of 
Otranto.  la  m.  SSW. Otranto,  and  199 ESE. 
Naples.     Long.  18. 16.  E.     Lat.  40. 12.  N. 

AleJJlo,  a  town  of  European  lurkey,  in  the 
province  of  Albania,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Drin;  the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  fuffragan  of  Du- 


which  are  between  this  place  and  the  city,  razzo.  96  m.  SE.  Ragufa;  12  N.  Durazzo 

The  courfe  of  the  river  feems  formerly  to  Long.  19.  36.  E.    Lat.  1^2.  12.  N. 

have  been  on  a  lower  ground  nearer  the  old  Alct,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 

city,  and  to  have  been  carried  higher  in  order  of  the  Aude,  near  the  Pyrenees,  on  the  river 

to  water  fome  lands.     As  this  place  was  Aude;  before  the  revolution,  the  fee  of  a 

called  Chalcis  ad  Belum,  it  is  not  unlikely  bifliop,  fuffragan  of  the  Archbifhop  of  Nar- 

that  Belus  was  the  name  of  the  river,  unlcls  bonne.    4  miles  S.  Limoux;  32  WSW.Nar- 

it  was  tlie  name  of  the  mountains  near  it,  bonne.     Long.z.  21.  E.     Lat.  42.  59.N. 

which  are  now  called  Sheik  Aitc.  There  are  Alevaia,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs 

remains  of  the  foundations  of  the  city  walls,  into  the  Ptnzlnflcoi  fea.    Long.  157.  14-  E. 

which  are  about  ten  feet  thick ;  they  are  not  Lat.  62^  N. 

above  a  mile  in  circumference,  and  were  built  Aleurjkii,  a  town  of  Siberia,  at  the  conflux 


with  fquare  towers  at  equal  diflances.  At  the 
fouth-eafl  fide  of  the  city  is  a  raifed  ground, 
on  which  are  foundations  of  an  ancient  caflle, 
which  was  about  halfa  mile  in  circumference, 
and  they  fay  that  there  are  three  walls  in  it : 
all  now  is  a  confufed  heap  of  ruins,  except 
on  the  north-eaft  lide  without  the  town,where, 
onan advanced  ground, there  are  foundations 
of  an  oblong  fquare  building,  which  might 
be  a  temple.  There  is  a  high  hill  to  the  wefl 
of  the  city,  on  which  the  fortrefs  probably 


of  theAgila  andAler.  64m.NE.Nertchinfk 
Aleutian  IJlands^  a  range  of  iflands,  in  the 
North  Atlantic  Ocean,  fituated  to  the  vvefl  of 
the  continent  of  North-America,  belonging^ 
to  Rufiia,  and  valuable  chiefly  for  the  ikins  of 
animals  found  there,  particularly  the  lea-otter ; 
extending  near  700  miles  from  eaft  to  well, 
from  Long.  169.  to  183.  E.     Lat.  $1'  N» 

Alexaw,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayenne.   7  m.  SW.  Maycnne. 
Alexander.,  Bay  of,  a  bay  on  tjie  eaft  coaft 


flrood,  which  conftituted  the  great  defence  of   of  the  Cafpian  Sea,  io  called  from  a  Kuflian 


ill  this  country :  on  the  top  of  it  there  are 
three  or  four  very  fine  large  cifterns,  like 
arched  vaults,  cut  down  in  the  rock,  with  a 
hole  in  the  top  to  draw  up  the  water,  and 
fteps  down  to  them  on  one  fide;  there  is 
likewife  9.  mofque  on  a  mount,  which  is  the 
higheft  part  of  the  hill,  where  Dr.  Pocock 


officer   of  that  name.      Long.   71.    ij.  E. 

Z^^;-.  43.  37.N. 

Alexander  s-Peak,  a  gr.cupof  tlirce  lUands 

amongft  thofe  called  Aiadin  Ifland..-,  in  the 

Mergui  Archipelago.     Lat.  9.  8.  Is. 

Alexandretta,  or  Scanderoon,  a  feapcrt  o^ 

Syria,  in  the  pachalic  of  Aleppo,  and  par, 
law  fome  fragments  of  Chriftian  Greek  in-  ticuhuiy  connedted  with  that  city;  rather  a. 
fcriptions ;  and  at  the  eaft  end  of  the  mofque  village  than  a  town,  in  v/hich  (fays  a  tvave]^ 
are  the  tbundations  of  a  ftmicircular  build-    ler)  tombs  are  more  numerous  than  houil's. 


ALE 

The  only  inducement  which  merchants  have 
to  trade  there,  is  the  goodnefs  of  the  anchor- 
age, the  beft  on  the  coall";  for  the  air  is  ex- 
ceedingly unwholefome,  and  the  inhabitants 
are  every  year  vifited  with  an  intermitting 
fever,  of  a  malignant  kind,  principally  from 
May  to  September;  but  the  town  is  never 
wholly  exempt  from  this  dreadful  peftilence. 
It  is  faid  the  place  was  formerly  ruined  by 
the  Grand  Seignior's  conftantly  landing  his 
army  here  for  the  Perfian  wars;  and  that  be- 
fore that  time  the  country  being  drained  and 
%vell  improved,  the  air  was  not  bad.  A  faifior 
for  each  European  nation  that  trades  this 
way  refidcs  here,  and  the  trade  is  the  only 
fupport  of  the  place.  About  half  a  mile  to 
the  fouth  of  the  town,  there  is  an  oiStagon 
caftle  well  built  of  hewn  ftone,  the  walls 
of  it  are  low,  but  each  fide  is  defended  by  a 
tower;  it  is  called  the  callle  of  Scandeiiieg, 
or  Alexander ;  and  feems  to  have  been  built 
by  the  Mamelukes,  who  were  the  beft  archi- 
teifts  in  thefe  parts,  and  probably  the  defign 
of  it  was  to  hinder  tlie  landing  of  the  Ottoman 
forces :  to  the  north  of  it  there  is  an  old  fquare 
tow.:i,  which  is  now  inaccelTible,  by  reafon 
of  themorafs.  30  m.  N. Antioch,  and 70NW. 
Aleppo.  Lotig.  36.  15.  E.  Lat.  36.  36.  N. 
Alexandria^  (called  by  the  Turks  Scatide- 
ria,  or  Efcanderia,')  a  famous  city  and  fea- 
port  of  Egypt,  built  by  Alexander  the  Great, 
332  years  before  Chrift,  when  he  returned 
fromconfulting  the  oracle  of  Jupiter  Ammon, 
on  the  fpot where  Rhacotis  flood;  and  as  the 
honour  of  being  the  capital  of  the  kingdom 
'»vas  removed  from  Memphis,  it  was  after- 
wards not  confidered  a  part  of  any  province, 
but  with  its  territory  formed  a  diflinff  go- 
vernment by  itfelf.  It  is  faid,  that  Alexandria 
was  wafhed  on  two  fides  by  the  water,  to 
the  north  by  the  fea,  and  to  the  fouth  by  the 
lake  Mareotis;  and  that  the  other  two  fides 
were  each  a  kind  of  ifthmus,  or  neck  of  land 
between  the  water,  about  7  fladia  in  length; 
on  which  account  each  of  thefe  fides,  efpe- 
cially  that  to  the  weff,  was  called  Heptafta- 
dium.  The  outer  walls  round  the  old  city 
are  very  beautifully  buijt  of  hewn  ftone,  and 
feem  to  be  very  nncient;  al!  the  arches  being 
true,  and  the  workmanfliip  very  good.  They 
are  defended  by  femicircular  towers,  ;io  feet 
diameter,  and  about  130  feet  ^part ;  at  each 
of  them  are  ftairs  to  afcend  up  to  the  battle- 
ments, there  being  a  walk  round  on  the  top 
of  the  walls,  built  on  arches.  Thefe  walls 
as  they  now  (land  feem  to  have  encloled  all 
the  city,  except  the  palace  of  the  kings  to 
the  north-eaft.  Tlie  inner  walls  of  the  old 
city,  which  feem  to  be  of  the  middle  ages, 
are  mucli  ftrongerand  higherthantheothers, 
ilnd  deiended  by  large  higli  towers.  There 
are  particularly  two  very  large  well-built 
toweis  to  the  north-weft  towards  the  new 
City  on  tlie  ilrand.    VVJiai  was  without  thefe 


ALE 

walls,  and  the  fite  of  the  palace,  was  prolja- 
bly  the  fuburbs  of  the  city,  which  Dr.  Pocock 
fuppofes  in  procefs  of  time  to  have  been 
walled  in,  extending  down  to  the  canal ; 
and  thefe  fuburbs  fo  walled  in  began  to  be 
looked  on  as  a  part  of  the  city  itfelf.  The 
palace,  with  the  fuburbs  belonging  toit,  was  a 
fourth  part  of  the  city ;  within  its  diftrid  was 
the  mufeum  or  academy,  and  the  burial-place 
of  the  kings,  where  the  body  of  Alexander 
was  depofjted  in  a  coffin  of  gold,  which  be- 
ing taken  away,  it  was  put  into  one  of  glafs ; 
in  which  condition  it  is  .probable  Augus- 
tus took  a  view  of  the  corpfe  of  that  great 
hero,  and  with  the  utmoft  veneration  fcatter- 
ed  flowers  on  it,and  adorned  it  with  a  golden 
crown.  When  Alexandria  was  no  longer 
the  refidence  of  kings,  it  is  natural  to  fuppofe 
that  their  palace  in  time  fell  to  ruin,  and 
that  the  materials  were  removed  to  the  part 
of  the  city  that  was  inhubit.ed,  and  probably 
ufed  to  build  the  inner  walls ;  though  along 
by  the  fea  there  are  ftill  great  remains,  and 
on  the  fliore  are  feen  feveral  pieces  of  por- 
phyry, and  other  fine  marbles,  where  the 
ancient  palace  ftood.  Under  the  palace 
was  the  private  enclofed  port  of  the  kings, 
which  might  be  oppofite  to  the  great  round 
tower  at  the  fea;  where  fhips  now  fometimes 
come  to  anchor,  and  where  the  Turks,  till 
within  a  century,  obliged  all  foreign  fhips  to 
ride,  not  fuffering  them  to  anchor  under  the 
caftle.  In  this  part  alfo  was  the  ifland  An- 
tirrhoda,  in  which  was  a  palace,  ana  a  fmall 
harbour  or  bay.  This  ifland  feems  to  have 
been  entirely  deftroyed  by  the  fea,  and  pro- 
bably was  oppofite  to  the  obeliflcs,  where 
there  are  ftill  great  ruins,  and  where  fine 
pillars  are  often  dug  up.  Over  thefe  places 
ftood  a  theatre  ;  and  afterwards  the  part  of 
the  city  which  took  its  name  from  Neptune, 
where  there  was  a  temple  dedicated  to  him, 
probably  about  the  corner  of  the  bay.  In 
this  dillridt  alfo  Antony  built  his  Timoni- 
um,  to  which  he  retired  in  difguft  after  his 
misfortunes.  Next  to  this  was  the  Casfa- 
rium,  where  the  temple  of  Casfar  is  fuppofed 
to  have  been  ;  in  which,  according  to  Pliny, 
fome  obelillcs  were  ereded.  Further  on  was 
the  emporium,  or  market-place.  Then  fol- 
lowed docks  for  the  fhipping  ;  over  which 
was  the  ancient  city  Rhacotis,  with  a  fort  of 
fuburb  round  it,  called  Bucolis,  becauie  it 
was  chiefly  inhabited  by  herdfmen.  There 
was  a  communication  between  the  ports  by 
two  bridges;  at  the  caufeway  to  the  ifland, 
that  began  at  the  north-weft  corner  of  the 
town,  and  at  the  Heptaftadium  to  the  weft, 
which  was  one  of  the  necks  of  land  made  by 
the  fea  and  the  lake.  Within  this  wetlerri 
port,  anciently  called  Ewiojlus,  and  now  the 
Old  Port,  was  the  port  Cihotiu,  from  which 
there  was  a  navigable  canal  to  the  lake ;  and 
there  is  now  a  canal  or  tofl'c  along  by  the 


ALE 

walls  from  the  canal  of  Canopus  to  the  fepj 
by  which  the  water  runs  into  the  fe:i 
from  the  great  canal  at  the  overflow  of  the 
Nile.  When  any  fhips  that  do  not  belong 
to  the  Turks,  by  ftreis  of  weather  are  obliged 
to  go  into  the  old  port,  they  mull  remove 
into  tlie  other  as  loon  as  they  have  an  oppor- 
tunity, that  being  the  harbour  allotted  for 
Chriftian  vellels.  The  ftreet,  which  ex- 
tended the  whole  length  of  the  city,  from 
the  gate  of  Necropolis  to  the  gate  of  Cano- 
pus, is  faid  to  have  been  loo  feet  wide ;  and 
doubtlefs  had  in  it  niany  magnificent  build- 
ings, as  appears  from  the  granite  pillars  ftill 
remaining  in  two  or  three  parts.  Among 
them  was  the  Gymnafium,  or  public  fchool, 
to  which  there  were  porticos  in  extent  about 
half  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  The  Forum,  or 
court  ot  judicature,  was  probably  another 
building  in  this  magnificent  ftreet.  It  is 
faid,  that  the  two  chief  ftreets  of  Alexandria 
croffed  themielves  at  right  angles.  The 
moft  extraordinary  remains  are  the  cifterns, 
which  are  built  under  the  houfes,  fupported 
by  two  or  three  ftories  of  arches  on  columns, 
in  order  to  receive  the  Nile  water  by  the 
canal,  as  they  do  at  this  day.  This  canal  of 
Canopus  comes  to  the  walls  near  Pompey's 
pillar,  having  run  to  the  weft  of  it.  It  has 
a  pafl'age  under  the  walls,  and  from  that  part 
a  fofl'e  has  been  cut  along  the  outfide  of  the 
walls  to  the  lea;  but  the  water  is  not  only 
conveyed  to  the  cifterns  from  the  cannl  as  it 
there  enters  the  city,  but  alfo  before  from 
feveral  parts  of  the  canal,  bypaffages  under 
ground,  to  the  higher  parts  of  the  city.  The 
water  is  drawn  up  by  a  windlafs,  and  carried 
in  leather  bags  on  camels  to  the  houfes. 
Before  the  Nile  fills  them  again,  the  v/ater 
in  many  parts  is  not  good,  owing,  perhaps, 
to  their  not  being  kept  clean  ;  for  in  Ibme, 
particularly  in  that  which  belongs  to  the 
Latin  convent,  the  water  is  always  good. 
It  is  this  canal  which  makes  Alexandria  a 
part  of  Egypt;  for  from  its  fituation  without 
the  Delta,  it  really  belongs  to  Lybia.  The 
old  city  is  entirely  ruined,  and  the  materials 
carried  away  to  build  the  new.  Excepting 
a  very  few  houfes  at  the  Rofetta  and  Bagnio 
gates,  there  are  only  fome  few  mofques  and 
three  convents  within  the  old  walls.  This 
city  was  taken  from  the  Chriftians  by  Amrou 
Ebn  el  Aas,  general  of  the  califf,  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  iixth  century,  after  a  fiege  of  14 
months, in  v/hich  he  loft  :;3,ooo  men.  It  then 
contained  4000  palaces,  400Q  baths,  iico 
venders  of  vegetables,  and  40,000  Jews,  who 
paid  tribute,  &c.  but  what  is  ftili  more  to  be 
regretted  in  its  lofs,  the  library,  in  which 
fuccefiive  kings  had  collected  more  than 
400,000  manul'cripts,  all  of  which  were 
ordered  to  be  deftroyed  by  this  ignorant 
Arabian.  The  pillar,  commonly  called  Pom- 
pey's Pillar,  is  lituated  on  a  fmull  height, 


ALE 

about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to  the  fouth  of  the 
walls.  Various  are  the  opinions  of  the  learned 
concerning  the  founder  of  this  pillar,  and  the 
purpofe  for  which,  it  was  eretfled.  The  moft 
probable  is  that  of  the  lejirncd  Dr.  White, 
who  fuppofes  it  to  have  been  part  of  the 
Serapion,  or  Temple  of  Scrapis,  built  by 
Ptolemy  Philadelphus;  which  temple  was 
deftroyed,  and  a  Chriftian  church  erefted 
on  its  fite,  in  tlie  reign  ofArcadius.  This 
famous  pillar  is  of  red  granite.  Dr.  Pocock 
found  the  whole  height  by  the  (hadow  to  be 
114  feet.  At  the  fouth-weft  corner  of  the 
city  is  a  large  caftle  with  a  few  foldiers  in  it ; 
no  Europeans  are  admitted  there.  In  the 
gates,  efpecially  that  of  Rofetta,  are  many 
fine  pieces  of  granite;  and  in  every  part  of 
the  city  are  feen  fragments  of  columns  of 
beautiful  marbles,  all  ib  many  remains  of  the 
grandeur  and  magnificence  of  the  ancient 
city.  The  new  city  is  built  on  the  ftrand 
to  the  north,  without  the  walls,  on  the 
ground  that  feems  to  have  been  left  by  the 
fea,  and  makes  a  very  mean  appearance.  In 
feveral  houfes  built  round  courts  on  porticos, 
they  have  placed  a  great  variety  of  pillars, 
moftly  granite,  which  were  the  ornaments 
of  the  ancient  city.  The  old  city  was  doubt- 
lefs in  a  flourifliing  condition  when  the  trade, 
of  the  Eaft-Indies  was  carried  on  that  way 
by  the  Venetians;  and  its  decay  may  be 
dated  from  the  time  the  p^lTage  was  difco- 
vered  by  the  Cape  of  Good-Hope,  at  which 
period  the  commerce  took  another  channel  j 
but  \yhen  the  trade  of  coffee  and  other  com- 
modities in  fome  meafure  revived  about  a 
century  ago,  the  prefent  city  began  to  rife 
out  of  the  ruins  of  the  old.  A  modern  tra- 
veller fays,  Alexandria  now  exhibits  very 
few  marks  by  which  it  could  be  recognized 
as  one  of  the  principal  monuments  of  the 
magnificence  of  the  conqueror  of  Afia,  the 
emporium  of  the  eaft,  and  the  chofen  thea- 
tre of  the  far-fought  luxuries  of  the  Roman 
triumvir  and  the  Egyptian  queen.  Its  decay 
doubtlefs  has  been  gradual ;  but  fifteen  cen- 
turies, during  which  it  has  been  progrelTive, 
have  evincecl  its  ancient  opulence  by  the 
flownels  of  its  fall.  The  prefent  walls  are 
of  Saracenic  ftrutSfure,  and  therefore  can  de- 
termine nothing  with  refpect  to  the  ancient 
dimenfions  of  the  city.  They  are  lofty, 
being  in  fome  places  more  than  40  feet  in 
height,  and  apparently  no  v,here  fo  little  as 
20.  But;  though  liiblfantial  and  flanked  with 
towers,  they  could  offer  no  refiftance,  unlefi 
itwereagainft  the  Mameluke  cavalry, which 
alone  the  inhabitants  fear,  and  accordingly 
keep  them  in  Ibme  repair.  They  alio  fur- 
nilh  a  fufficientfecurity  againft  the  Bedouins, 
who  live  part  of  the  year  on  the  bank  of 
the  canal,  and  often  plunder  the  cattle 
in  the  neighbourhood.  The  few  fi'-H:k» 
and  herds  which    are    deltined  to    lup* 


ALE 

ply  the  wants  of  the  city,  are  paftured  on 
the  herbage  of  which  the  vicinity  of  the 
canal  favours  the  growth,  and  generally 
brought  in  at  nigiit,  when  the  two  gates  are 
fliut,  as  they  alfo  are  whenever  it  is  known 
that  hoftile  uibesare  encamped  near  them. 
Thcie  Saracenic  walls  prefent  nothing  curi- 
ous except  Ibme  ruinous  towers  ;  and  the 
only  remains  of  the  ancient  city  worth  no- 
tice is  a  colonnade,  near  the  gate  leading 
to  Rofetta,  of  which  however  only  a  few  co- 
lumns remain ;  and  what  is  called  the  amphi- 
theatre, on  the  fouth-eafl,  a  riling  ground, 
whence  is  a  fine  view  of  the  city  and  port. 
Of  the  fingular  fuburb  filled  Necropolis,  or 
*'  The  City  of  the  Dead,"  no  remains  exift. 
It  cannot  be  fuppofed  that  the  ancient  city 
fliould  ha"e  occupied  only  the  fmall  fpace 
contained  within  the  prefent  inclofure.  The 
priiline  wail  was  certainly  far  more  exten- 
[ive  than  the  prefent ;  yet  even  of  this  only 
an  inconhderable  portion  between  the  two 
ports  is  nov/  filled  with  habitations.  What 
remains  is  laid  in  gardens,  which  fupply  fuch 
fruits  and  vegetables  as  are  fuited  to  the 
climate  and  foil,  and  the  natives  are  moft 
accuftomed  to  ufe  for  food;  or  left  wafte, 
and  ferving  as  a  receptacle  for  offal  and  rub- 
bifh,  being  in  part  rendered  unfit  for  culture 
by  the  ruins  which  cover  the  furface  to  a 
Confiderable  depth.  For  though  it  be  not 
Tiow  poiiibie  to  determine  the  aricient  boun- 
daries of  the  city,  or  affign  with  precilion 
the  fite  of  its  more  remarkable  edifices,  the 
the  veftige  of  former  magnificence  yet  re- 
main. Heaps  of  rubbifh  are  on  all  fides 
vifible,  whence  every  fliower  of  rain,  not  to 
riention  the  induftry  of  the  natives  in  dig- 
ging, difcovers  pieces  of  precious  marble,and 
fometimes  ancient  coins  and  fragments  of 
fculpture.  The  harbour  on  the  eaft,  fliled 
the  Nd'vj  Port,  which  in  all  appearance 
could  never  have  been  a  very  good  one, 
from  tlie  rocky  nature  of  the  bottom,  has 
the  farilier  difadvantage  of  partaking  in  the 
agitation  of  the  fea  when  certain  winds  pre- 
vail. The  European  vefTels  which  frequent 
it,  are  however  enabled,  with  fome  precau- 
tions, to  lie  at  anchor  fecurelv,  to  the  num- 
ber of  about  twenty.  They  are  confined  to 
this  finall  fpace,  which  bears  no  propor- 
tion to  the  who'e  extent  of  the  harbour, 
by  the  ihallownefsof  the  water,  which  feems 
in  fomc  degree  the  effefts  of  great  quanti- 
ties ofballait  that  from  time  to  time  have 
'  been  clilcharged  within  its  Jimics.  The 
Tuikilh  government  paid  no  regard  to  this 
pra^icc,  which  yet  in  the  Ind  mufl  render 
the  port  ufc'lcfs.  The  Old  Port  allotted  to 
the  Mahomcdans  is  fpacious,  though  fbmc- 
what  of  Ids  extent  tlian  the  other.  There 
Ifs  throughout  a  depth  of  five  or  fix  fathom, 
and  ni  many  places  more  ;  the  anchorage  is 
iienM.iiIy  fl'cure.    The  city  extends  along 


ALE 

a  part  of  the  iflhmus  and  the  peninfula,  to 
the  eaflern  extremity  of  which  is  fituated  a 
fort,  where  it  would  feem  may  formerly 
have  flood  the  Pharos.  This  fort  is  now 
ruinous,  and  is  joined  with  the  continent  by 
a  mole  built  of  Itone,  and  in  which  are 
wrought  arches  to  weaken  the  efFeds  of  the 
water.  It  has  been  fheltered  by  a  wall  on 
the  wefl  fide,  now  alfo  ruinous.  The  houfes, 
which  are  chieffy  mafonrv,  are  commonly 
of  more  than  one  flory,  and  well  adapted  to 
the  mode  of  living  among  the  inhabitants. 
Though  rain  occafionally  fkll  in  the  autumn, 
a  ffat  roof  is  found  to  anfwer  every  pur- 
pofe  of  fecurity  from  tlie  weather,  and  ac- 
cordingly it  is  the  general  form  of  the  dwel- 
ling-houfes.  Of  the  deep  and  capacious 
refervoirs  which  preferved  the  waters  of  the 
Nilcj  during  the  annual  fubfidcnce  of  that 
river,  and  of  which  there  was  probably  a  fe- 
ries  continued  from  one  to  the  other  extre- 
mity of  the  city,  not  more  than  feven  remain 
fit  for  ufe.  1  he  elevation  of  the  city  above 
the  level  of  t'  e  fea  is  fmall,  and  it  feems  very 
diflacult  to  render  it  capable  of  offering  any 
formidable  reliflance  to  an  external  enemy. 
The  foil,  wherever  a  vegetable  mould  is  dis- 
coverable, is  light,  and  favourable  to  any 
Jcind  of  culture;  but  it  has  apparently  been 
brought  there  for  the  purpofe,  as  the  natu- 
ral foil  feems  wholly  unfit  fot  cultivation, 
being  throughout  either  fand  or  ftone.  The 
orange  and  lemon  are  found  in  gardens  here, 
but  not  in  great  quantities.  The  dates  are 
good,  though  not  of  the  moft  efteemed  kind, 
yet  they  are  found  the  mofl  profitable  arti- 
cle that  the  owner  of  the  ground  can  culti- 
vate. The  chief  monuments  of  antiquity 
remaining  are  the  column  termed  Pompey's 
pillar,  and  the  obelifli.  There  is  alfo  a 
f'arcophagus,  or  cheft  of  ferpentine  marble 
in  the  great  mofque,  which  is  ufed  for  a 
ciff-ern.  The  population  coiififls  of  Maho- 
mcdans of  various  nations;  Greeks  in  confi- 
derable numbers,  who  ha\e  a  church  and 
convent,  containing  only  three  or  four  reli- 
gious, but  agreeably  fituated  on  the  higheft 
ground  among  the  gardens ;  Armenians, 
who  have  alfo  a  church  ;  and  a  few  Jews, 
who  have  their  f  ynagogue.  The  whole  per- 
haps may  not  amount  to  lefs  than  ao,ooo 
fouls.  There  happened  a  plague  in  1796, 
which,  it  is  fitid,  carried  off  one  half  of  the 
inhabitants.  This  ellimateis  poflibly  exagge- 
rated, but  no  doubt  it  thinned  them  fo  much, 
that  at  prefent  they  cannot  be  near  fb  nume- 
rous. The  houfes  of  the  European  confuls 
and  mercJiants  arc  all  near  together,  call  of 
the  city,  and  clofe  to  the  fea  ;  they  aflbci- 
ate  with  each  other,  drefs  and  live  as  in  Eu- 
rope ;  unlefs  by  their  mutual  animofities, 
perfedlly  undifturbed.  The  revenues,  of 
Alexandria,  under  the  Ptolemies,  are  Hated 
at  ia,joo  talents,  which  at  193I.  ijs.  tlie 


ALE 

talent,  is  little  lefs  than  two  millions  and  a 
half  fterling.  At  this  time  it  is  thought 
that  they  do  not  exceed  4,500  purfes,  or 
125,000!.  The  commerce  of  Alexandria  is 
more  confiderable  than  that  of  Damietta. 
All  exports  to  Europe,  or  imports  from 
thence,  are  made  at  the  former.  The  whole 
of  tlie  timber  for  houfe  or  iliip-building  is 
brougiit  from  Candia,  or  the  Archipelago. 
The  cooper,  manufadured  or  rough,  of 
which  the  confumption  is  large,  from  Con- 
ftantinople;  coffee  and  rice,  raw  leather.  Sec. 
are  exported  to  that  and  other  places.  The 
na^igatlon  from  Alexandria  to  Rofetta  is 
conducted  in  fmall  vefiels  of  from  fifteen  to 
fifty  tons  burthen,  which  depofit  their  goods 
at  Rofecta,  whence  they  are  embarked  in 
boats  of  another  form,  and  conveyed  to 
Cairo.  Among  the  articles  of  native  pro- 
duce, confiderable  quantities  of  which  are 
taken  by  the  Frank  merchants  in  return  for 
the  goods  of  their  refpedive  countries,  are 
faffion,  or  cartha;mis  tinfloris,  which  is  cul- 
tivated in  Egypt;  and  fcnna,  which  chiefly 
comes  by  way  of  Suez,  but  fome  portion  of 
which  is  alfo  produced  in  Nubia,  and  near 
the  firft  cataracf.  The  confumption  of  broad 
cloth  of  Egypt  ufed  to  be  about  800  bales. 
Red  coral  is  imported  from  Leghorn;  glais, 
beads,  &c.  from  Venice.  Glafs  for  lamps  or 
phials,  is  made  at  Alexandria,  both  green  and 
white:  they  ufe  natron  in  the  manufadure, 
inftead  of  barilla  ;  and  the  lov/  branches  of 
the  Egyptian  coaft  afford  plenty  of  excel- 
lent land.  On  the  5th  of  July,  1797,  the 
French  under  Buonaparte  took  this  city  by 
aflault.  In  March,  i8or,  the  Britifli  troops 
landed  at  Aboukir,  and  defeated  the  French 
in  two  bloody  battles,  in  one  of  which  the 
brave  General  Abercromby  was  killed.  The 
city  held  out  for  Ibme  time,  but  at  length 
furrendered  to  the  conquerors.  Lo?ig.  30. 
5.E.     Lat.  31.  16.  N. 

AL'xa?idria,  2.  town  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  in  Virginia,  on  the  right  fide  of 
the  Potomac.  80  miles  N.  Richmond,  and 
10  S.  from  the  new  city  of  Wafhington. 
Long.  77.  lo.W.  Lat.  38.54.  N. 

Jlkxandria,  a  town  of  New  Jerfey,  on  the 
^Delaware.  28  miles  W.  New  Brunfwick. 
Long.  75.  4.  W.  Lat.  40.  I.  N. 

Alexandria.,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Ekaterinoilay.  70  miles  W. 
Ekaterinoflay,  and  150  SW.  Kiev.  Long. 
32.  54.  E.  Lat.  48.  25.  N. 

Ale-xandrla,  a  town  of  Ruflian  Poland,  in 
the  palatinate  of  Volhynia.  50  miles  ENE. 
Lucko.    Long.  26.  20.  E.  Lat.  50.  45.  N. 

Alexandria  de  la  Paglia,  a  city  of  France, 
and  capital  of  the  department  of  Marengo  ; 
lately  the  capital  of  a  fmall  ftate  of  Italy, 
called  the  Alexandrin,  belonging  to  tlie  king 
o+" Sardinia.  It  has  a  caftle,  built  in  11 78, 
and  is  named  from  Pope  Alexander  ill.  who 


ALP 

ereded  it  into  a  bifliopric  under  the  arch- 
bifhop  of  Milan,  and  endowed  it  with  many 
privileges,  and  an  income  of  io,coo  livres. 
It  was  taken  by  Prince  Eugene  in  1 706,  after 
a  liege  of  three  days.  It  was  taken  by  the 
French  in  1745>  and  retaken  the  following 
year  by  the  King  of  Sardinia,  to  whofe  do- 
minions it  was  annexed  by  the  peace  of 
Utrecht.  In  1796,  it  was,  with  other  towns, 
put  into  the  hands  of  the  French,  as  an  hos- 
tage of  peace  between  the  King  of  Sardinia 
and  the  Republic.  In  1799,  it  was  be- 
fieged  by  the  Auftrians  under  General  Bel* 
Icgarde,  and  after  a  bombardment  of  fixteen 
days,  the  French  General  Gardanne,  having 
expended  his  ammunition,  capitulated,  and 
the  garrifon,  amounting  to  2400  men,  fur- 
rendered  prifoners  of  war.  44  milesE. Turin, 
and  38  SW.  Milan.  Long.  8.  40.  E.  Lat. 
44.  57- N. 

Alexandrin,  a  fmall  country  of  Italy,  in 
the  dutchy  of  Milan,  in  the  environs  of  Ale«- 
dria  de  la  Paglia,  to  which  it  owed  its  name. 
It  is  now  ceded  to  France,  and  forms  the 
department  of  Marengo. 

Alexaiidrov,  a  town  of  RufTia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Caucafus.  48  miles  WNW. 
Ekaterinograd.  Long.  32.  26.  E.  Lat.  44. 
38.  N. 

AL'xandro-c,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Vladimir.  48  miles  E.  Mofcow. 
Long.  38.  44.  E.  Lat.  2,$.  45.  N. 

Alexandrovjhaia,  a  fortrcfa  of  RulTia,  in 
the  government  of  Ekaterinoflav,  on  the 
Dneiper.  40  miles  below  Ekaterinoflav. 
114  miles  NE.  Cherfon.  Long.  2,^-  14.  E. 
Lat.  47.  35.  N. 

Alexandrovjliaia,  a  fortrefs  of  RufFia,  in 
the  government  of  Ekaterinoflav.  72  miles 
NVV.Cheribn.  63NNW.Otchakov.  Long. 
31.  14. E.  Z^/.  47.45.  N. 

Alexin ta,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Servia.     18  miles  NNE.  NifTa. 

Alexo-xvice,  fee  Olkoivitz. 

Alfacar,  a  town  of  Spain.  5  miles  NE. 
Grenada. 

Alfachs,  or  Alfaquesj  a  feaport  town  of 
Spain,  on  the  coall  of  the  Mediterranean, 
in  the  province  of  Catalonia,  fituated  on  an 
ifland  of  the  fame  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Ebro.  9  miles  S.  Tortofa.  i^o/?^.  o.  37.  E. 
Lat.  40.  34.  N. 

Alfaha,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  borders 
of  Egypt.     100  miles  W.  Syene. 

Alfaha,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Nile.     15  miles  SW.  Gherri. 

Alfandego  da  Fe,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Tras  Os  Montes.  12  miles 
N.  Torre  de  Moncorvo. 

Alfaro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile, 
near  the  Ebro,  on  the  borders  of  Navarre.  7 
miles  E.  Calahorra,  and  9  N\V.  Tudela. 

Alfaya,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Sierra-Leone.    80  miles  SV/.  Tcejuboo. 


A  L  G 


A  L  G 


ytlfdyafesi  a  town  of  Portucal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  neira,  lituated  on  an  eminence,  on 
the  contiftes  of  Sr^iin:  though  walled  and 
defended  with  a  ciiftic,  it  contains  only  one 
parifii,  and  about  two  hundred  inhabitants. 
150  miles  NE.  Lifbon.  Long.  6.  33..  W. 
Lat.  40.  9.  N. 

Alfeld,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy 
of  B;ulen.     4  miles  N.  Neidcnau. 

Alfeld,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bifii.op- 
ric  of  H.ldeflidm,  on  the  Leine.  .■^o  miles 
S.  Hanover  ;  15  S.  Ilildeflieira.  Long.  9. 
jo.E._  Z^/.  51.58.  N. 

Alfcldha,  a  mountain  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince cf  Kcrman.     36  miles  S.Sirgian. 

Atfeo,  a  river  of  Sicily,  which  runs  into 
the  lea  at  Syracufa. 

Alft'o,  or  Carbon,  a  river  of  the  Morea, 
•which  runs  into  the  Mediterranean,  6  miles 
W.Olympia. 

Alfere,  a  town  of  Arabia.  73  miles  S. 
Medina. 

Alfidcna,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Citra.  15  miles  SSE.  Sulmona.  42  N.Capua. 

yllfan,  a  town  of  Nubia.  40  miles  SW. 
Gherri. 

Alfontes,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarva* 
10  m.  W.  Louie. 

Alford,  a  town  of  Englanc},  in  the  county 
of  Lincoln,  about  (ix  miles  from  the  fea.  It 
hr-s  a  market  on  Tuefd.ty.  3c  miles  E.  Lin- 
coln; 138  N.  London.  Long.  0.52.  W. 
Lat.  53.  14.  N. 

Alford,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Aber- 
decnfhire.  Alford, pronounced  Awford,  was 
probably  in  ancient  times  a  place  cf  fooie 
confcquence,  as  a  conliderablc  diftriL^-,  in- 
cluding this  and  fuur  other  pariihes,  is  called 
the  county  of  Alibrd.  It  is  now,  however, 
but  a  mean  village.  In  this  parilli  a  batt!e 
was  fought  between  the  royalifts  under  the 
Marqnis  of  Moi.trofc,  and  the  covennnters 
under  Genera!  Bailie,  in  wr.ich  the  latter 
weie  defeated  ;  but  the  royaiifts  fufftreJ  a 
great  lofs  in  the  deiuh  of  Lord  Gcrdon, 
cldeitfon  of  the  Marquis  (iflLiiuley,  who 
•«'as  killed  by  a  random  (hot,  in  the  purluit, 
near  a  large  ftone  on  the  field  of  battle, 
which  is  itill  pointed  out  by  the  country 
people.     15  miles  W.  Inverary. 

Alfrcton,  a  tov.n  of Epgl.ind,inthe  county 
of  Derby.  It  h;is  a  confide;  ithle  corn  market 
held  on  Fiiday,  thotigh  in  the  charter 
gianted  for  Monday.  In  1801,  the  number 
of  inhabitants  was  z.:oi,  of  which  756  \xz\<'. 
employed  in  trade  and  n.anufaeHurts.  15 
miles  N.  Derby  ;  and  i.ii  N.  London. 

yVfit,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Helfingland. 
30  miles  W.  Sodeiiiamn. 

Atfur.dcio,  A  town  of  Portugal,  in  yVlcn- 
tcjo.     6  miles  SW.  Ikja. 

Algiiir.U,  AlgaykLi,  or  Argogllola,  a  fea- 
port  town  of  Corlica,  in  the  department  of 
Ciclo,ca  l};c  wefi.  coall,  at  the  mouth  of  the 


river  Aregno.  6  miles  NNE.  Calvi ;  58 
SW.  Bartia. 

Algaira,  or  Aliara.,  a  river  of  Spain, 
which  joins  the  Gabriel,  a  little  before  its 
conflux  with  the  Xucar. 

Algarria,  or  Alcarria,  a  province  of 
Spain,  being  a  part  of  New-Caftile,  fituated 
between  the  Tagus  and  Old-Caftile.  The 
chief  places  are  Madrid,  Toledo,  Alcaiade 
Hcnares,  and  Guadalaxara. 

Algarva,  tlie  moft  fouthern  province  of 
Portugal,  anciently  a  kingdom  ;  bounded  on 
,tlie  weft  and  fouth  by  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
eaft  by  the  Guadiana,  which  feparates  it 
from  Spain,  and  on  the  north  by  Altentejo. 
It  is  mountainous,  but  fertile.  The  principal 
towns  are  Silves,  Tavira,  Lagos,  Faro,  &c. 

Algas,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Matarana,  near  Nonafpe,  in  Aragon. 

Algenicfi,  or  Atge^Jiefn,  a  town  ot  Spain, 
in  Valencia,  near  which  grow  great  quanti- 
ties of  what  the  people  there  call  Pita ;  of 
which  they  make  cordage,  and  the  Catalans 
fpin  a  thread  fine  enough  for  lace.  It  is 
iituatcd  not  far  from  the  river  Xucar.  18 
miles  S.  Valencia,  and  15  NNW.  Gandia- 
Long.  o.  30.  W.  Lat.  39.  14.  N. 

yilgejheim,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  the  Lower  Rhine.  14  m.W.  Mentz.. 

Algcziras,  a  feaport  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Andalulia,  on  the  coaft  in  the 
ftraits  of  Gibraltar,  formerly  a  conliderablc 
port,  but  now  gone  to  decay.  Moreri  is  of 
opinion  that  this  place  was  the  ancient  Car- 
teia,  which  fo  frequently  occurs  in  ancient 
writers.  After  the  battle  between  Cjefar  and 
the  fons  of  Pompey,  when  the  latter  were 
defeated  at  Munda,  the  youngeft  went  tcv 
Cordova,  while  the  elder  retired  to  Carteia, 
v/here  he  had  a  fleet.  The  ill  treatment 
v.'iiich  Cordova  experienced,  made  the  inha- 
bitants of  Carteia  apprehend  the  fame,  and 
induced  them  to  deliver  up  tl;e  unfortunate 
foldJer  to  the  conqueror,  and  accordingly 
they  feized  him  for  that  purpcfe  ;  but  his 
friends,  by  their  bravery,  after  a  bloody 
engagement,  delivered  him  from  them,  and 
put  him  on  board  a  vcilcl,  though  much 
wounded.  In  ccuvfc  of  time  the  Moors 
became  mafteis  of  the  town,  which  they 
prel'erved  a  long  time,  and  fortified  it,  as 
being  a  place  of  great  conitiquence  when 
bringing  over  troops  from  Africa.  After 
Alphonib  XI.  king  cf  Caftile,  united  with 
tb.e  otjjcr  Clirilfian  kings  of  Spain,  had 
defeated  the  Moors  in  a  celebrated  battle 
ibught  near  Tariffa,  he  v/as  determined  to 
befiege  Algeziras,  and  he  carried  it  the  25th 
ol  March  1344.  It  is  agreeably  iituated  on 
a  gentle  Hope  clofc  by  the  fca-lidc.  A  very 
liti  ie  river  (the  Miel)  which  rifcs  in  the  neigh- 
bouring ir.ountaius,  walhcs  the  right  iide  of 
Algcziias,  and  gently  runs  on  into  the  iea. 
Upon  its  right  bank  is  a  (hudl  dock-yard. 


A  L  G 

the  dimenHons  of  which,  although  propor- 
tioned to  the  bed  of  the  river,  arc  llifficient 
for  the  building  of  barks;  it  was  made  ufe 
of  for  the  conltruftion  of  fome  gun-boats, 
which  made  fo  poof  a  figure  at  the  fiege  of 
Gibraltar.  At  the  time  of  frcihes,  this  river, 
or  rather  rivulet,  has  water  enough  to  float 
the  little  vefTels  to  the  lea,  which  is  diflant 
but  a  few  paces.  Near  this  place  are  the 
ruins  of  the  old  citadel  of  Algeziras,  where 
the  Moors  rtill  defended  themielves  for  fome 
time  after  the  city  was  taken.  This  filled 
the  fame  ground  as  the  modern  town  of  the 
fame  name.  Algeziras,  as  well  as  St.  Roche, 
was  peopled  at  the  beginning  of  the  prefent 
century  with  Spaniards  from  Gibraltar,  who 
would  not  live  under  the  dominion  of  the 
Englifli.  In  order  to  draw  thither  the  refu- 
gees, the  privileges  Algeziras  nov/  enjoys 
were  granted.  The  Spaniards  are  feparated 
from  their  old  country  by  two  leagues  of  fea, 
in  which,  during  the  late  war,  fevera!  of 
them  found  their  tombs,  while  endeavouring 
the  conquefl  of  the  native  place  of  their 
forefathers.  Algeziras  is  watered  in  a  man- 
ner which  feems  to  be  referved  for  important 
places  ;  water  being  wrought  to  it  from  the 
diflance  of  a  quarter  of  a  league,  by  a  new. 
aquedud  built  with  hewn  ffone.  7  m.  from 
Gibraltar.    Long.  5.  32.  W.  Lot.  36.  9.N. 

Algczirut  or  Jllzira,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  on  an  illand  in  the  Xucar.  ao 
miles  S,  Valencia. 

Algezur,  or  jiljezur,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Algarva,  at  the  mouth  of  a  finall  river, 
near  the  Atlantic  ocean.   17  m.  NW.  Lagos. 

Algkem'i,  a  country  of  Africa,  on  the 
Slave.  Coaft. 

Alghteri^ox Algeri,  or  Algieri,  a  populous 
cityof  Sardinia,  fituatedon  a  mountain,  near 
the  weftern  coaft ;  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fulfra- 
gan  of  the  archbil'liop  of  SafTari.  79  m.N  W. 
Cagliari.  Lo;/^. 8.  35.E.  Z^/.4o.3i.N. 

Algienta,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Olona,  on  the  Lambro.  10  m. 
N.  Milan. 

Algiers,  a  country  of  Africa,  on  the  fouth 
coafl  of  the  Mediterranem,  forming  a  conii- 
derable  part  of  the  ancient  Mauritania  Tin- 
gitana,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Medi- 
terranean, on  the  eafl  by  Tunis,  on  the  well 
by  Morocco,  and  on  the  fouth  by  the  Atlas : 
about  460  miles  in  length  from  eafl  to  well, 
and  from  40  to  100  in  breadth.  This  coun- 
try, fertile,  but  ill  cultivated,  is  divided  into 
three  provinces,  viz.  Thmlan,  or  Tremecen, 
Titterie,  and  Conftantina;  over  each  of 
which  a  bey  or  viceroy  is  appointed  by  the 
Dey,  who  governs  with  a  defpotic  power  in 
his  jurisdiction,  and  is  occafionally  ainiled 
with  troops :  befldes  tliefe  grand  diviiions 
are  many  fubordinate  diflrifts,  named  from 
the  towns  which  are  their  refpedfive  capitals. 
The  government  of  the  Algeiines  is  norai- 


A  L  G 

nally  by  aDey  and  council,  called  the  dou- 
wan  or  divan,  compofed  of  thirty  (what  Dr. 
Shaw  calls)  Yiak  bafliees,  whole  confent  is 
necefTary  to  affitirs  of  conlequcnce :  but  even 
in  Dr.  Shaw's  time,  their  convention  was  a 
mere  matter  of  form,  and  they  were  I'um- 
moned  rather  to  ratii^y  than  debate.  The 
dey  is  chofen  out  of  the  army,  nor  is  the 
elei^fion  confined  to  officers  of  luperior 
rank,  but  the  lowell  inferior  h;is  a  right  to 
be  candidate  for  the  vacanc  throne  :  and 
it  has  not  unfrequently  happened,  that  the 
new  dey  could  plead  no  otner  qualihcation 
than  putting  to  death  his  predecelibr.  The 
adminillration  of  juftice,  fimilar  to  the 
other  Turkifh  governments,  is  in  the  hands 
of  a  cadi,  who  has  been  educated  moft 
ufually  at  Conllantinople,  or  fome  other 
pubHc  feminary  or  univerjity  ;  but  affairs  of 
great  conlequence  are  laid  before  the  dey, 
or  fome  of  his  principal  olhcers  of  the  flate, 
who  fit  in  the  gate  of  the  palace  for  that 
purpofe  :  debtors  are  detained  in  priibn  till 
the  choufes  or  bailiffs  f  eize  on  their  efl'eifts 
and  fell  them  :  if  the  fale  be  not  equal  to  the 
debts,  heis  difcharged;  if  they  produce  more 
than  enough,  thefurplus  isgiven  to  the  debtor. 
Small  crimes  are  punifhed  by  the  baitinado 
from  50  to  1000  llrokes,  according  to  the 
enormity  of  the  offence;  coining  is  punifned 
by  cutting  off  the  hands;  murder,  by  burn- 
ing alive  ;  other  punilhments  are  impaling, 
hanging  by  the  neck,  or  tin  owing  on  hooks 
fixed  to  the  walls,  from  which  tlie  criminals 
fometimes  break  and  fall  on  others;  fufferin^ 
the  moll  exquifite  tortures;  the  weftern 
Moors  life  the  horrid  puniih-aent  &f  fawing 
criminals  afunder,from  thehead  downv/ards. 
The  naval  force  of  this  flate,  which  was 
formerly  fo  terrible  to  trading  nations,  was, 
in  1732,  not  very  important;  about  6  ihips 
from36  to^o  guns,  with  fome  brigs  and  row- 
boats.  The  European  princes  prudently  at 
leall,  if  nothonourably, purchafe  theirfriend- 
fliip  and  forbearance  by  flipulatedfumsof  mo- 
ney. When  Mr.Cole,  the  Englilhconf  a!,  com- 
plained of  the  injuiies  which  the  Britiih  mer- 
cnani-lhips  had  luflered  from  their  corlairs, 
he  was  aufwcred  by  the  dey,  "  that  the  Al- 
gerincs  were  a  company  of  rogues,  a.ui  that 
he  himfelf  was  their  captain."  The  whole 
of  their  military  at  that  time  confill  .d  of 
6500  Turks  and  Cologlies,  of  which  2000 
were  computed  to  be  pail  fervicc,  wr.A  icco 
empfjyed  in  garrifon  duty  :  the  Cvjloglies  are 
the  Ions  ofTui  k'ih  foldiers  fettled  m  Algiers. 
Belides  thef;are  zcoo  M'^ors,  horlc  and  foot, 
called  Zwowah.  By  fomenting  duifi:)ns 
among  the  Ar.ibian  princes,  and  exalpera-. 
ting  one  family  againlt  anotiier,  thefe  Tuvk- 
i!h  troops  are  enabled  to  numtain  their 
ground  againfl  all  oppolitton.  To  makeup 
deficiencies  ui  the  armv,  cruifing  veiTels  are 
fcnt  annujilly  to  the  Levant,  y/hcrc  ihey  ea-r 


A  L  G 


A  L  H 


{^age  recruits,  confifting  of  fliepherds,  ou.t- 
iws,  and  vagabonds.  MahomctBafhawjwho 
vas  dey  in  the  year  1730,  hitd  no  fhame  to 
own  that  his  father  fold  neats'  tongues,  and 
his  mother  the  tongues  of  fliecp. 

Algiers^  a  city  of  Africa,  and  capital  of  a 
country  of  the  fame  name;  fituated  on  the 
coaft  of  the  Mediterranean,  and  built  on  the 
fide  oi  a  mountain, on  which  are  ere(5tcd  forts 
for  its  defence.  The  town  is  fuppofed  to 
containabout  150,000  inhabitants,  and  15,000 
houfes.  It  was  taken  from  the  Chrittians  by 
tlie  corfair  Barbarofl'a,  in  15 16.  It  was  burn- 
ed by  the  Englifh  in  1655,  and  in  1670; 
Charles  V.  befieged  it  without  fuccefs  in  1 688 ; 
and  in  1783,  it  was  again  bombarded  by  the 
Spaniards.  Algiers,  (which  for  feveral  ages 
has  braved  the  greateft  powers  of  Chriften- 
dom,)  fays  Dr.Sliaw,  is  not  above  a  mile  and 
half  in  circuit.  The  Turks  call  it  Al-Jezeire 
el  gazic,  that  is,  Algiers  the  IV wlike.  It  is 
Situated  upon  the  declivity  of  a  hill  that  faces 
the  north  and  north-eaft,w  hereby  the  houfes 
rife  fo  gradually  abovecach  other,  that  there  is 
fcarce  one  but  has  a  full  profpect  of  the  fea. 
The  walls  are  weak  and  of  little  defence,  un- 
leis  where  they  are  further  iecured  by  fome 
additional  fortiiications  which  aie  chiefly  at 
the  gates.  The  calfaubah  or  citadel,  built 
upon  the  higheft  part  of  the  city  towards 
the  Ibuth-weft,  is  of  an  octagonal  figure; 
each  of  the  fides  in  view  having  port-holes 
or  embrailires  defended  with  cannon.     The 

t)ort  itlfilf  is  of  an  oblong  figure,  i  to  fathom 
ong,  and  80  broad.  The  ealtern  mound 
of  It,  which  was  formerly  the  ifland  that 
gave  name  to  the  city,  is  well  fecured  by 
feveral  fortifications.  The  round  caftle,  built 
by  the  Spaniards  while  they  were  malfers  of 
the  ifland,  and  the  two  remote  batteries,  are 
faid  to  be  bomb-proof.  I'licre  is  very  little 
within  the  city  deferving  the  attention  of 
the  curious.  Upon  the  tower  of  the  great 
mofque  are  Ibme  broken  inlcriptions,  bu^t  the 
letters,  though  of  a  fufiicient  fize  to  be  fcen 
at  a  diffance,  are  aJl  fo  filled  up  with  lime 
and  whitewaflr,  that  Dr.  Shaw  could  never 
particularly  diflinguilh  them.  It  is  faid  to 
have  been  formerly  called  Mcfgaiia,  from 
an  Afiican  family  of  that  name.  Its  pre- 
ient  n;ime  fignifies  in  their  language  ike 
Ijland;  and  was  given  to  it  from  being^jn  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  ealtern  mound  of  the 
harbour;  which  before  the  Turkifh  conqueif 
was  fevered  from  the' continent.  In  their 
public  letters  and  records  they  Itile  it  Al- 
"Jczcire  Mcg_crhicy  i,  c.  the  ifland  in  tlie 
Weft,  to  dilfniguilii  it  fioni  a  city  of  the  fiime 
name,  near  the  Dardanelles,  m  the  Archipe- 
lago. The  hills  and  valleys  round  Algiers 
arc  all  oyer  beautified  with  gardens  and 
country-feats,  whilher  the  inhabitants  of 
bef.cr  filliion  retire  during  the  heats  (;f  the 
fj^mniei  llafoii;  they  are  little  y/hiie  houfes, 


/haded  with  a  variety  of  fruit-trees  and  ever- 
greens, which,  befides  the  fhade  and  retire- 
ment, afford  a  gay  and  delightful  piofpeft 
towards  the  fea.  The  gardens  are  all  weli- 
ftocked  with  melons,  fruit,  and  pot-herbs  of 
all  kinds;  and  (what  is  chiefly  regarded  in 
thefe  hot  climates)  each  of  them  enjoys  a 
great  command  of  water,  from  the  many 
rivulets  and  fountains  which  every  where 
abound  in  this  fituation.  The  fountain  water 
ufed  at  Algiers,  univerfally  efteemed  for  ex- 
cellency, is  brought  through  a  long  courfe 
of  pipes  and  conduits  from  die  fame  fources. 
Long.  3,  30.  E.     Lat.  36.  42.  N. 

Algoiires,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince ofBeira.  3  miles  NW.  Cartel  Rodrigo. 

Algon,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Sweden,  on  the 
weft  fide  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.  18. 
a6.  E.     Lat.  61,.  9.  ^■ 

Algonquinsy  Indians  of  North-America, 
inhabiting  about  Lake  Ontario. 

Algoiv,  a  country  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Swabia;  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
Danube,  on  the  eaft,  by  the  Leek,  on  the 
weft,  by  the  Hegaw  and  the  Lake  of  Con- 
ftance,  and  on  the  fouth,  by  the  county  of 
Tyrol.  It  includes  the  marquifate  of  Bur- 
gau;  the  counties  of  Bregentz  and  Montfort ; 
the  territory  of  the  bifhop  of  Augfburg;  the 
abby  of  Kempten ;  of  the  counts  ot  Fugger, 
Wafdburg,Konigfeck,andMindlehenn,with 
the  cities  of  Augfburg,  Kempten,  Memmin- 
gen,  Ifny,  Lindau,  Biberach,  and  Wangen. 

Algo-zo,  a  town  of  Poitugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tras  os  Monies,  ao  miles  WSW. 
Miranda  de  Duero. 

Algrijlan-Head,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coafl 
ofScodand.  Z.c/;^'-.  5.  44.  W.  Lat.sJ-A^.'N. 

A!ha}7:a,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Grenada, 
fituated  on  the  river  Motril,  in  a  valley  far- 
rounded  with  mountains.  It  is  by  fonie  fup- 
pofed to  have  been  built  by  the  Moors, 
while  others  give  it  a  more  remote  origin, 
confidering  it  to  be  the  ancient  Artigis  Julia. 
Near  it  runs  a  fmall  river  or  brook,  called 
Motril,  which  joins  the  Rio  Frio  not  far  off. 
It  is  fupplied  with  water  by  an  aquedud, 
ere6led  by  the  Moors,  and  which  ftill  re- 
mains. About  a  quarter  of  a  league  from 
the  town  are  celebrated  warm  baths,  ufed 
both  externally  and  internally.  The  water 
is  pure  and  clear,  the  tafle  not  difagrecable. 
The  kings  of  Spain  have  eroded  a  grand 
building  for  the  ufe  of  invalids,  with  baths  of 
free-ftune  regulated  to  diflerent  degrees  of 
heat;  and  houfes  are  built  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  company,  who  refort  thither  in 
fl'ring  and  autumn,  particularly  in  tiiemonths 
of  March  and  September,  as  well  for  amufe- 
ment  as  for  health:  a  little  above  the  baths 
are  frightful  rocks,  whence  iifues  the  Rio 
Frio,  fb  called  from  the  extreme  coldnefs  of 
its  waters;  it  falls  with  a  mighty  noife  on 
feveral  natural  caica^cs  from  rock  to  roc^. 


A  L  I 

and,  mixing  with  the  wafte  water  of  the 
baths,  runs  towards  the  lea.  25  miles  SW. 
Grenada.     Long.  a.  46.  W.  _  Lat.  37.  N. 

Alkama.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Cordova,  near  the  Sierra  Morena,  iup- 
pofed  by  Ibme  to  be  the  ancient  Phornacis. 
a.7  miles  N.  Cordova. 

Alhama  le  Scca,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Grenada,  fituated  on  the  river 
Almeria.     10  miles  NNW.  Almeria. 

Albania^  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Ebro,  near  Alfaro. 

Alhambra,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon. 
7  miles  N.TerueJ. 

Alhavihra,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  joins 
the  Guadalaviar  at  Teruel. 

Alhamrud,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Mazan- 
deran,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  the  Cafpian  fea. 
30  miles  W.  Fehrabad.  Long.  52.  30.  E. 
Za/.  35.48.  N. 

Alhandra,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eftra- 
madura,  on  the  Tagus.  15  miles  NE.  Li(bon. 

Alkanges,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Eftrama- 
dura.    In  914,  it  was  taken  by  the  Moors. 
9  miles  N.  Merida. 
.  Alahuatiy  fee  Hernias. 

AlhatiVy  a  river  of  Natolia,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Sakkaria,  8  miles  S.  Araeria. 

Alhaurin,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Grenada. 
18  miles  SW.  Malaga. 

Aikaus,  a  town  of  Pruffia.  4  miles  S.  Culm. 

Alhome,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Cinaloa.  80  m.  WNW.  Cinaloa. 

Alhos  Vedrosy  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Eftramadura,  on  the  Tagus.  6  miles  SE. 
Lifbon. 

Aii,  a  town  of  Georgia,  in  the  province 
of  Carduel.    50  miles  W.  Teflis. 

Aiiabad,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Mazanderan.     30  miles  SSE.  Fehrabad.  . 

Aljaki,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
of  Kiev,     ao  miles  SE.  Czerkafy. 

Alianelb,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Bafilicata.     27  miles  E.  Potenza. 

AlianoySi  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province' 
of  liafilicata.     23  miles  SE.  Potenza. 

Alia?io,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Lavora.     2  miles  W.  Gaeta. 

-^A'^«/Xw,  a  fort  of  RufTia,  in  the  govern- 
ment ofKolivan.  120  miles  SSW.  Kolivan. 
Long.  i<).  2,A.'£..     Lat.  s2-50-'^' 

Aliapettay  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bar- 
ramaul.    aS  miles  S.  Darempoory. 

Aliabali,  an  ifland  in  the  Cafpian  fea,  near 
the  wertcoafl.  Long.dZ.d.Y..  //W/'.  39.5.N. 

Alifbaniy  or  Alibinali,  a  town  of  Arabia. 
140  miles  SE.  Amanzirifdin. 

A/iheg-kcvi,  a.  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Bulgaria.     24  miles  E.  Siliftria. 

Alica yZtown  of Etruria.  29  miles  WSW. 
Florence. 

Alicant,  a  feaport  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  in  the  province  of  Valencia, 
i^tthe  bottom  of  the  gulf  to  which  ^t  gives 


A  L  I 

name.  Some  authors  fuppofe  it  to  be  the 
ancient  Illicum  ;  wliile  others,  among  whom 
is  Morcri,  lay  that  this  town  was  the  ancient 
Alone  of  Ptolemy,  and  that  the  ancient  Illi- 
cum is  now  Elchc.  The  Moors,  when  in 
pofTeffion  of  tiie  country,  took  confiderable 
pains  to  fortify  Alicant,  and  maintained  it  in 
a  flouriihing  ilate  till  1264,  when  it  was  taken 
from  them  bv  James  I.  king  of  Aragon. 
It  afterwards  fell  into  decay,  fo  diat  in  the 
year  15 19  it  v/as  only  a  fmall  village,  there 
being  not  above  lix  houfes  (according  to  Vi- 
ciana)  on  the  fpot  where  the  city  nov/  itands; 
but  in  1562  the  number  amounted  to  more 
than  1000.  The  circumftanccs  which  moft 
contributed  to  this  prodigious  increafe  were 
the  means  madeufe  of  by  the  inhabitants  to 
fecure  them  from  the  enterprifes  and  ravages 
of  the  corfairs :  they  employed  a  part  of 
their  property  in  making  (trong  fortifications 
by  the  lea  fide.  Several  famous  pirates,  fup- 
ported  by  the  Moors,  thencruifed  in  the  Me- 
diterranean; Dragut  and  Barbarofia  fpread 
univerfal  terror.  Alicant  being  rendered  a 
place  of  fafety,  and  capable  of  defence,  in- 
duced the  merchants  of  Carthagena  and  the 
environs  to  cftablifh  thcmfelves  there;  theft; 
were  followed  by  feveral  other  merchants 
from  Milan  and  Genoa ;  and  the  concourfe 
of  natives  and  flrangers  foon  gave  both  fame 
and  profperity  to  the  city,  which  is  well- 
built  and  populous.  The  bay  is  ihcltered 
on  the  eafl  fiy  Cape  dc  l;i  Huerta,  and  to  the 
wefl  by  Cape  St.  Paul  and  the  ifland  of  Ta- 
barca.  Vclfels  anchor  about  a  mile  from 
the  mole,  in  fix,  Jeven,  ciglit,  and  ten  fathom 
water,  and  may  enter  and  go  out  witii  any 
wind.  The  mole  is  large  and  commodiou?. 
of  circumflances  which  have  contributed  to 
the  riches  and  commerce  of  Alicant,  the 
chief  IS  the  duties  of  entry  being  lefk  there 
tlian  at  Valencia  and  Carthagena.  This  di- 
niinifhed  the  commerce  of  thofe  two  cities 
in  favour  of  the  former,  from  which  all  the 
veffels  that  carry  on  the  trade  between  Spain 
and  Italy  are  fitted  out.  The  commerce 
confiits  in  barilla,  antimony,  alum,  anifecd, 
cummin  feed,  dried  fruit,  wool,  and  wine, 
particularly  that  called  Tent  or  Alicant.  Of 
961  vefl'els  which  anived  at  this  port  in  the 
year  1782,  fix  hundred  were  Spanifh,  the 
greater  part  Cataloniuns.  Linens  from  Fraice, 
Swiflerland,  and  Sileiia,  and  camblets  and 
.woollens  from  France,  arc  the  chief  imports. 
The  mountain  on  which  the  caflle  is  built, 
and  at  the  foot  of  Vi/hich  the  city  flands,  is 
formed  of  white  earth,  and  being  vifible  a 
great  way  at  fea,  ferves  as  a  guide  to  pilots. 
The  bay  of  Alicant  is  faid  to  have  been  the 
famous  gulf  of  Ilici,  lb  called  from  a  Roniau 
colony,  nov/  Elche;  but  the  declining  ih-te 
of  that  port,  and  the  improvementof  ATica.ir, 
gave  it  the  name  it  now  l)ears  ;  it  begins  \X. 
Cape  St.  Martin,  aud  terminates  at  Caps 


A  L  I 


ALL 


Pa^os.  In  the  year  1705,  this  town,  refufing 
to  acknowledge  the  Archduke  Charles  as 
king,  was  bombarded  by  the  Englifh,  and 
taken  bv  ftorm.  In  the  month  of  Decem- 
ber, 1708,  it  was  befieged  by  the  troops  of 
King  Philip,  under  the  command  of  Cheva- 
lier d'  Asfelt;  but  no  advantages  being  gain- 
ed for  three  months,  the  chevalier  ordered 
a  rock  to  be  undermined,  and  in  the  hollow 
aoo  barrels  of  gunpowder  to  be  conveyed. 
The  governor  of  the  town,  Syburg,was  in- 
formed of  this,  and  fummoned  to  furrender: 
after  refufing  three  times  to  capitulate,  the 
explofion  took  place,  and  buried  the  gover- 
nor, and  many  of  the  officers,  with  .^6  of  the 
centinels,  in  the  ruins.  Notwithftanding 
which,  Colonel  d'Albon,  who  fucceeded  to 
the  command,  refolved  to  defend  the  place 
to  the  laft  extremity;  but  the  fleet  which  ar- 
rived not  being  able  to  afford  the  garrifon 
any  relief,  he  was  obliged  to  furrender  on 
the  5th  of  April,  1709.  '58  miles  S.  Valencia, 
and  6a  NI''^E.  Carthagena.  Long.  o.  24.  W. 
Lat.  38.  3i'.  N. 

Alkant,  a  town  of  Ceylon,  near  the  weft 
coalf.     10  miles  S.  Calitoor. 

Aitcata,  or  Licata,  or  Leccata,  a  feaport 
town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of  Mazara. 
This  town  is  pleafantly  fituated  by  the  fea- 
flde,  partly  on  a  hi!!,  and  partly  at  the  foot 
of  the  hii!.  In  1553,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Turks,  affifted  by  the  French.  It  is  fup- 
pofed  to  be  on  the  fite  of  the  ancient  Phin- 
tia,  built  by  Phintias,  a  tyrant  of  Agrigentum, 
and  contemporary  of  Pyrrhus,  who  brought 
hidier  the  inhabitants  of  Gela,  whicli  he  had 
deftroyed._  18  miles  ESE.  Girgcnti,  and  60 
SW.Catania.  Lo7ig  13.50.E.  Z,c/.3 7. 11. N. 

Alice-,  fee  Akce. 

Alicia:, -iiiown  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Grenada,  celebrated  for  its  medicinal  wa- 
ters and  baths.     12  miles  from  Grenada. 

Alicuri,  or  Alrcudi.,  one  of  the  Lipari 
iflands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the  coaft 
of  Sicily  ;  it  isfmall,  and  inhabited  by  fiflier- 
men.    15  miles  W. Lipari.  Long.  14.  zi.  E. 

Lai.  ;:;8.  37.  N. 

Aljczira,  iee  Algezira. 

Alifi,  a  tov.n  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Lavoia,  anciently  called  Alifa»;  the  fee  of 
a  billiop.     5  miles  N.  Capua,  32  N.  Naples. 

y//4r(7,  a  river  of  Hindooll:an.  which  runs 
into  the  fea  near  Carvvar. 

Ali^'.uiy,  one  of  the  fmaller  Philippine 
iflands,  near  the  north  coatl  of  Mindanao, 
low  and  woody.  Long.  123.  29.  E.  Lat. 
9-51.  N. 

AUhaviwan,  a  tov/n  of  Afiatic  Turkey, 
in  tile  government  of  Mofiil,  on  tlie  Tigris. 
20  miles  S.  Mofiil. 

Alima,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  rifcs.  in 
the  province  of  Mechoacan,  and  runs  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  ImI.  19.  20.  N. 
Al:7f.'p.ip(,/i,  a  town  en  clic  wcli  corJl:  of 


the  ifland  of  Mindanao.  Lc?7g.  122.  3.  E; 
Lat.  7.  N. 

Ali-Musjid,  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of 
Candahar.     18  miles  NNW.  Paifliawar. 

Alinagore,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     10  miles  W.  Tricolore. 

Alingsahs,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Weft- 
Gothland,  built  by  the  inhabitants  of  Nylo- 
defe,  when  that  town  was  deftroyed  by  the 
Danes  in  161 1 :  here  are  manufaftures  of  filk, 
woollen,  and  tobacco.  5  miles  S.  Bahus. 
Long.  12.  !().'£..     //«/.  57.58.  N. 

Alife,  or  Alife  Ste.  R'eyne,  a  town  of 
France,  in  t!ie  department  of  the  Cote  d'Or. 
8  miles  NE.  Semur-en-Auxois. 

Alivarcoiirchy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  21 
miles  W.  Tinevelly. 

Alixeuy  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ardcche.     6  m.  ENE.  Valence. 

Aljuharota,  or  Aljurahoca,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Eftramadura,  near  which  Juan  I. 
king  of  Portugal,  obtained  a  fignal  victory 
over  the  king  of  Caftile,  on  Auguft  14th, 
1383.  According  to  Mariana,  the  army  of 
the  Portuguele  confifl:ed  of  2200  horfe,  and 
io,coo  foot ;  the  Caftilians  were  more  nume- 
rous, but  the  Portuguefe  were  drawn  up  in 
a  narrow  place,  with  deep  moraffes  on  each 
fide,  where  they  v/ere  attacked  by  the  ene- 
my, contrary  to  the  advice  of  fome  of  the 
principal  commanders.  The  Caftilians  loft 
10,000  men,  and  among  them  many  of  great 
quality.  The  king  of  Caftile,  who  com- 
manded in  perfon,  fled  to  Santarem,  whence 
he  failed  to  Spain.  A  monaftery  was  after- 
wards built  in  memory  of  this  vidtory,  called 
Batalha.     10  miles  S.  Leyria. 

Aljucen,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Eftramadura. 
7  miles  N.Merida. 

Aljucen,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Guadiana,  near  Merida. 

AljuJIrel,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vmce  of  Alentejo.     16  miles  WSW.  Beja. 

Aljujlrel,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eftrama- 
dura.    4  miles  W.  Thomar. 

Alkaijlv\  a  fortrefs  of  the  Arabian  Irak. 
106  miles  W.  Bagdad. 

Alkamare,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irak.     8  miles  E.  Bagdad. 

Alkan,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Nile.     19  miles  S.  Shabur. 

Alketh,  one  of  the  Pelew  iflands,  in  the 
North  Pacific  ocean. 

Alki,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Sanore.     18  miles  WNW.  Darwar. 

Alkitigton,  a  townfliipof  England,  in  Glo- 
cefterfliire.     7  miles  NE.  Berkley. 

Alkinacr,  fee  Akniacr. 

Alia,  a  town  of  the  Tyrolefe,  on  the 
Adige,  taken  by  the  French,  in  September, 
1796.     17  m.  S.  Trent,  and  18  N.  Verona. 

Alia,  or  Alle,  a  river  of  PrufTia,  which 
rifes  from  a  lake  in  the  fouth  part  of  the 
bifhopric  of  Ermeland,  pafl'qs  by  Allenftejn, 


A  T.  L 


ALL 


Guttftadt,  Heilfberg,  Bartenftein,  Schlppen- 
beil,  Fridland,  Allenburg,  &c.  and  joins  the 
Pregel  at  Welau. 

AUadorf.,  a  town  of  Germanv,  in  the 
principalityof  Culmbach.  7  ni.E.Wunfcidel. 

Mlahabad,3i-pxo\incco[  Hindooftan,  about 
160  miles  in  lengtli,  and  120  in  breadth; 
bounded  on  the  ealt  by  the  province  of  Bul- 
bar ;  on  the  north,  by  Oudc;  on  the  fouth, 
by  Berar ;  and  on  the  weft,  by  Malwa  and 
Agra.  The  principal  cities  are  Allahabad, 
Benares,  and  Jionpour,  In  1798,  this  pro- 
vince was  ceded  to  Great-Britain. 

Allahabad,  a  city  of  Hindooftan,  founded 
by  Acbar,  ftanding  on  the  point  of  land 
which  it  forms  at  the  confluence  of  the  Gan- 
ges and  Jumna;  a  (ituation  beautiRil  as  it  is 
commodious,  and  ip  the  feafon  ot  the  year, 
when  the  flow  of  water  is  fpaciousand  rapid, 
exhibits  a  fcene  of  uncommon  grandeur.  To 
this  facred  fpot  a  large  afiembly  of  Hindoos 
rcfort  at  an  annual  period,  to  wafti  away 
their  fins.  Thefe  pilgrims,  who  are  laid 
under  contributions  for  participating  fhis  in- 
dulgence, furnifh  the  yearly  fam  of  about 
50,000  rupees  to  the  vizier's  treafury.  The 
fort  of  Alliihabad,  which  is  built  offtone, 
occupies  a  large  fpace  of  ground,  and  has 
been  amply  fupplied  with  i'uperb  and  ufeful 
buildings,  whether  for  promoting  the  plea* 
fures  or  conveniences  of  life.  The  imperial 
palace  is  ahandfome  ftru<fLure;  the  infide  of 
its  upper  room  is  conftruded  of  marble  of 
variegated  colours,  and  neatlyadjufted;  from 
this  apartment  the  lord  of  the  world  (  as  he 
is  entitled  by  his  fubjc6i:s)  hath  a  diftindl 
view  of  twelve  dift"erent  fuits  of  female  apart- 
ments. In  the  palace-yard  ftands  a  round 
pillar  about  forty  feet  high,  conhftrng  of  an 
entire  ftone,  which  coarfely  relembles  por- 
phyn.',  and  feems  covered  with  an  infcription 
in  the  ancient  Hindoo  charaders  ;  but  the 
letters  are  fo  much  impaired  bv  the  ravages 
of  time,  that  they  are  become  illegible.  The 
eredion  of  this  monument  is  attributed  to 
Beemlliyne,  whom  the  Bramins  fay  was  in 
his  day  a  powerful  chief,  and  one  of  the 
principal  \yarnors  in  the  Mhah-Bharit.  The 
Mahometans,  who  as  furioully  deftroyed 
every  monument  and  curious  veftige  not 
expreflive  of  their  dodrine,  as  they  were  ac- 
tuated by  a  blind  zeal  in  its  propagation  and 
fupport,  endeavoured  to  claim  the  conftruc- 
tion  of  this  pillar,  and  over  the  Hindoo  record 
they  have  engraved  the  names  of  many  of 
their  emperors  (ince  the  time  of  Babr.  This 
pillar,  which  bears  the  niark  of  great  anti- 
quity, clearly  evinces  that  Allahabad  was  a 
p'ayC  of  importance  long  before  the  asra  of 
the  Mahometan  conquelt  of  India.  Mons. 
D'Anville,  the  celebrated  French  geogra- 
pher, feems  to  fix  here  tl:e  fite  of  the  ancient 
Pdlibothra.  About  a  mile  to  the  eaftward 
of  the  town  ftands  the  tombof  fultar.  Khufro, 


in  the  mldft  of  a  fpacious  garden,  enclored 
with  a  high  wall,  and  wcllfiupplied  with  a 
variety  of  llowers  and  fruit-trees,  but  which 
from  want  of  culture  look  rugged  and  banen. 
The  building  is  nearly  a  fquare,  raifed  from 
the  ground  by  a  low  night  of  ftcps,  and  has 
a  vaulted  roof  in  the  form  of  a  dome,  whole 
outfide  is  covered  with  tile  of  a  line  clay, 
ftained  with  a  diverllty  of  colours,  on  whicK 
the  reflection  of  the  fun  produces  a  pleaiing 
effeft.  The  Allahabad  diilri^fts  once  paid 
into  the  royal  treafury  a  revenue  ot  between 
feventy  ana  eighty  lacks  of  rupees,  but  fuch 
is  the  impoverilhed  and  depopulated  ftate  of 
the  vizier's  country,  that  it  is  at  this  day  re- 
duced to  a  fourth  of  that  amount.  Shaifta 
Khan,  who  was  appointed  by  Aurunzebe  to 
govern  the  provinces  of  Bengal  and  Bahar 
after  the  death  of  Amir  Jumlah,  left  many 
monuments  of  his  liberality  in  the  vicinity  of 
Allahabad.  300  miles  S.  DcUii,  and  222  SE. 
Agra.     Long.lz.  s-Y..     Z<7/.  25.  27.  N. 

Allaire,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Morbihan.    8  m.  SE.  Rochefort. 

AUali!,  a  mountain  of  Nubia,  on  the  coaft; 
of  the  Red  Sea,  weft  of  Aidab. 

Allahiaiidara,  a  river  of  Thibet,  which 
runs  into  the  Ganges,  20  miles  S.  Siranagur.. 

AHmip,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  tlie  Meurte.     9  miles  S.  Toul. 

Allan^  a  river  of  Scotland,  v/hich  runs  in- 
to the  Frith  of  Forth  near  Stirling. 

Allan  Water,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which 
runs  into  the  Tweed  a  mile  NW.  Melrole, 
in  RoxburgflMre, 

Allancke,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cantal.  7  miles  N.  Murat,  and 
12  NNW.  St.  Flour. 

^//ArwiiV,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Afturia.  28 
miles  W.  Oviedo. 

All  I  pour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
ic  miles  E.  Budayeon. 

Allariz.,  x  town  of  Spain,  in  Gallicia.  8 
miles  S.  Orenfe. 

Allafiinga,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  ciicar 
of  Nagpour.     40  miles  S.  Doefa. 
■  Alh,  fee  Alia. 

Alleegah^  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  eaft  ^rn 
province  of  Algiers,  on  a  river  of  the  fame 
name,  w'.iere  are  found  fomc  conliderable 
ruins,     ac  mile;  E.  Coniiantina. 

Alleegah,  a  river  of  Algiers,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Seiboufe  near  H;uTimam-Mcf!i3Uteen. 

Allegany-)  the  name  given  to  one  of  the 
counties  in  Penfilvania. 

Allegany,  or  Ohio,  a  river  of  North-Avne- 
rica,  which  rifesin  the  Allegany  mountains, 
in  the  ftate  of  New-York,  and  runs  into  the 
MilTiilippi.     ^zcOhio. 

Allegany  Moiuitains,  mounrain'-of  North- 
America,  which  e^iend  from  Hudfon's  river 
to  Georgia,  in  broken  ridges,  under  different 
names.        ' 

■AlUgany  Crsek^  a  river  cf  Pennfylvania, 


ALL 


ALL 


^vhich  runs  into  the   Skuylktl.     Long.  76. 
55.  W.     Z^/.  40.  18.N. 

AUeinans,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
irent  of  the  Lot  and  Garonne,  on  the  Drot. 
28  miles  NNW.Agen. 

Allen,  a  river  of  England,  which  rifes  in 
Dorfetfhire,  and  runs  into  the  Stour. 

Allen^  a  bog  of  Ireland,  in  King's  County 
and  Kildare. 

Allenau,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  province 
ofNatangcn.  27  miles  SE.  Konigfberg. 

Alleiihaclh  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Henneberg.  5  milesE.Smalcalden, 

Allenburg,  a  town  of  Prudia,  in  the  pro- 
vinr-e  of  Samland  on  the  Alia.  30  miles  SE. 
Konigfberg.  L&ug.  21. 12. 'E..  Lat.  sn.^o.'N. 

Allendale,  a  townfhip  of  England,  jn  Nor- 
thumberland. In  1 8c I,  the  population  was 
1003,  beiides  2496  in  the  parifh.  6  miles 
S.  Hexham. 

AUendorf,  a  town  of  Germany,in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Lower  Hefle,  on  the  Werra.  24 
miles  W.  Mulhaufen,  and  45  WNW.  Er- 
furt.    Long.  ().  sS.E.    Z(?/.  51.  16.N. 

AUendorf  an  der  Ltmide,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Upper-HelTe.  6  miles  NE.  GielTen, 
and  8  S.  Marburg.  Lo7ig.  8.51.  E.  Lat. 
50.  40.  N. 

Allefi's-Key,  a  fmall  ifland  among  the 
Bahamas.  Zc//;^.  78.  48.  W.  Z-^^.  26.40. N. 

Allenjlein,  or  Oljlineck,  a  town  of  Pruffia, 
in  the  province  of  Ermeland,  on  the  Alia.  60 
miles  S.  Konigfberg.  76  ESE.  Dantzick. 
I^ong.  2C.  25.  E.     JLat.  ^^^  ^o-  N. 

Alleti's-Tcivn,  a  town  of  New  Jerfey.  8 
miles  NE.  Norden-Town. 

Allien'' s-Tonvn,  a  town  of  Penfylvania. 
Lotig.  75.  30  W.     Lat.  40.  2,5-  N. 

Alkntrop,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Weftphalia,  on  the  Sorbeck.  9 
miles  S.  Arenfburg. 

Aller,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rifes  in 
the  dutchy  of  Magdeburg;  pafl'es  byLune- 
burg,  Gifhorn,  Zell,  &c.  and  joins  theWefer 
a  little  below  Verden. 

y///f;-,  a  village  of  England,  in  Somerfet- 
fhire,  where  there  are  ruins  of  an  ancient 
chapel,  in  which  Godrun  the  Danilh  king 
was  baptized.  In  1645,  ^  battle  was  fought 
rear  this  place  between  the  royaliif  s  and  the 
parliament  troops.     6  miles  S.  Bridgewater. 

Allnjlerg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principnlity  of  Ncuburg.  16  miles  S.  Nu- 
remberg, and  32  N.  Neuburg. 

Allcit(.n^  a  town  of  England,  in  the  weft 
ndiiig  of  Yoikfliire.  In  1801,  the  manu- 
tadurcs  employed  469  of  the  inhabitants. 
5  milts  SE.  Bradford. 

Allcitcn,  fCLipelJ  a  town  of  England,  in 
tUt.'  Weil  riding  ot  Yorkfhire.  ■^  m.  N.  Leeds. 

Allertou,  (North)  Hcq  North-Allerion. 

Allerfjhcini,  a  town  of  Germany,  and  ca- 
pitiil  ot  a  bailiwick  in  the  principality  of 
Ottu-,gcn.    5  miles  S.  Oettin^eo. 


Allertfperg,  a  town  of  Auftria.  7  miles 
N.  Bavarian-Waidhoven. 

Allefam,  a  town  of  Corfica,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Golo.     13  miles  ENE.  Corte. 

Allevard,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ifere.  1 8  miles  NNE.  Grenoble. 

Allex,  a  town  of  France  in  the  department 
of  the  Drome.     10  miles  S.  Valence. 

A  I  Her,  a  river  of  France,  which  gives  name 
to  one  of  the  departments.  It  rifes  near 
Chiiteau-Neuf  de  Randon,  in  the  department 
of  theLozere,  and  joins  theLoire  three  miles 
W.  Nevers. 

Allier,  a  department  of  France,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  departments  of  the  Cher 
and  the  Nyevre,  on  the  eafi:  by  the  depart- 
ments of  the  Saone  and  Loire,  and  Rh6ne 
and  Loire,  on  the  foutli  by  the  department 
of  the  Puy  de  Dome,  and  on  the  weft  by  the 
departments  of  the  Creufe  and  the  Cher ;  60 
miles  in  length  from  eaft  to  weft,  and  2,5  in 
its  mean  breadth  from  north  to  Ibuth ;  the 
river  Allier  crofl'es  it  in  the  centre  from  fouth 
to  north.  This  department  is  compofed  of 
what,  before  the  revolution, was  called  Bour* 
bonnois.     Moulins  is  the  capiral. 

All  g.itor  i?/orr,  a  river  of  North-Caroling 
which  runs  into  Albemarle  Sound.  Long. 
76.  20.  W.     Lat.  35.  56.  N. 

AlUghur,  a  fortrefs  of  Hindooftan,  which 
in  1 803  v.as  taken  by  the  Britifti  troops  under 
the  command  of  Mr.  Lucan ;  the  lofs  of  the 
captors  was  very  confiderable. 

AUigunge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ro« 
hiltund.     7  miles  SW.  Barelly. 

Allignnge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ro- 
hilcund.     20  miles  W.  Ferruckabad. 

AUigunge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
24  miles  W.  Gooracpour. 

Alitgimge,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  circar 
of  Curruckpour.    8  miles  S.  Cuiruckpour. 

AUigunge,  fee  Scwan. 

Allinghery,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     38  miles  SW.Arcot. 

Allinghy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
province  of  Dindigul.    30  m.  SW.  Dindigul. 

Allinaugur,  a.  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
province  of  Allahabad.  20  m.  N.  Gazypour. 

Allitory,  a  town  of  Hindooftan  \n  the 
Carnatic.     5  miles  SW.  Tritchinopoly. 

Alloa,  or  A  I lonv  ay,  a  feaport  town  of  Scot- 
land, in  Clackmannfhire,  on  the  north  lide 
of  the  Forth.  It  is  the  moft  confiderable 
port  in  the  Forth,  with  three  feet  greater 
depth  of  water  in  the  harbour  thati  on  the  bar 
of  Lcith.  The  water  at  neap  tides  rifes  frorti 
12  to  15  feet,  and  at  fpring  tides  from  17  to 
22.  The  quay  is  built  of  rough  hewn  ftone 
in  a  fubrtantial  manner,  and  runs  within  the 
land,  forming  a  fmall  creek.  A  little  above 
the  haibour  there  is  an  excellent  dry  dock, 
capable  of  receiving  vefTcIs  of  burden.  Op» 
pofite  the  dock  there  is  a  great  depth  of 
"water,  with  good  anchorage,  and  fufticient 


ALL 

fpace.  Above  the  dock  is  a  ferry  acrofs  the 
Forth,  called  the  Craig-Ward,  or  King's- 
Ferry,  v/here  two  coniplete  piers  have  been 
built,  one  on  each  fide  the  river,  which  ren- 
ders it  a  fate  and  commodious  paiTage  at  all 
times  of  the  tide.  Alloa  contains  about  _^  400 
inhabitants,  and  has  two  markets  weekly,  on 
Wednefday  and  Saturday.  The  ftreets  are 
narrow  and  irregular,  except  one,  which 
runs  ftrait  to  the  harbour.  Weft  of  the  ferry 
is  a  ^lafs-hou fc  for  making  bottles.  Here 
are  alio  manufidures  of  linen,  muflin,  ropes, 
and  nails;  and  a  foundery.  The  port  has  a 
regular  cuftom-houfc,  and  feveral  creeks  be- 
longing to  it.  The  (hips  and  veflels  amount 
to  115,  their  tonnage  to  7241,  employing 
about  500  men.  The  chief  trade  is  in  coal, 
of  which  50,000  tons  are  annually  fent  to 
places  within  the  Forth,  and  to  towns  on  the 
call  and  north  coafts  of  Scotland.  The  col- 
lieries of  Alloa  have  been  long  eftabliflied, 
and  the  number  of  perfons  belonging  thereto 
is  upwards  of  coo.  Near  the  town  is  the 
tower,  the  relidence  of  the  reprefentatives  of 
the  family  of  Marr,  built  before  the  year 
ifioo,  and  lately  repaired,  a  miles  NW. 
Clackmannan,  and  31  NW.  Edinburgh. 
Long.  :,.  48.  W.    Lat.  56.  8.  N. 

Allrjii,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  weft  fide  of 
the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.  18.36.  E.  Lat. 
63.  ii.N. 

Allones,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  rifes  in 
Galicia,  and  runs  into  the  fea,  Long.  9. 
12.  W.     Lat.a.Z'  16.  N. 

Alloor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  Car- 
natic.     16  miles  N.  Nellore. 

A'dore,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Berar. 
15  miles  S.  Itchapour. 

Alios, -i.  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Lower  Alps.  4  miles  N.  Colmars, 
and  9  S.  Barcelonette. 

Alloui',  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Charente,  on  the  Gharente.  6 
miles  W.  Confolent. 

Allv^ay  Creek,  2,  river  of  New  Jerfey, 
which  empties  itfelf  into  the  Delaware. 

All'Jiv,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  Tyne  between  Hexham  and  Ncwcaftle. 

All  Saints^  Bay,  oxBahia  da  Todos  Santos, 
a  bay  of  South-America,  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil,  fecure  and  large  enough  for  a  fleet 
of  ihips.  Long.  38. 50.  W.  Lat.  13.  10.  S. 
^  All-Saints''  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  North  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  on  the  coaft  of  New-Albion. 
Long.  243.  38.  E.     Lat.  31.  44.  N. 

Alljladt,  fee  Alfladt. 

AllJletU  ft-'e  Altjladt. 

Allidsje,  a  town  of  Arabia.  14  miles  ENE. 
Beit  el  Fakeh. 

Allum,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  Car- 
natic.     IT  miles  NW.  Palamcotta. 

Allunihaddy,  fee  Alemhaddy. 

Allwnch'u/id,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Allahabad.    16  miles  NW.  Allahabad. 

Vol.  I.  F 


A  L  M 

Allumpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  iu 
Bengal.     25  miles  W.  Midnapour. 

Allung-Cidhmg,  a  town  of  Hindooftan, 
in  Baglana.     18  miles  S.  NalTuck. 

y///«/',atown  of  Ceylon.  15  m.NE.Candy. 
Long.  81.  2.  E.     Lat.  7.  56.  N. 

Allygunge,  a  town  of^  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Purneah.   25  miles  NNE.'Purneali. 

Allygunge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  ia 
Oude.    40  miles  E.  Bahraitch. 

Allyna^riim,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  ia 
the  provmce  of  Dindigul.  15  miles  N. 
Ootampaleam. 

Allypour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
xircar  of  Gohud.     30  miles  WSW.Gwalior. 

Alnuiga7if  fee  Almazan. 

Ahnagaran,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Spair» 
in  the  province  of  Murcia,  near  the  Medi- 
terranean. It  is  famous  for  its  fine  red  earth, 
without  any  mixture  of  fand,  which  is  a  prin- 
cipal ingredient  ufed  in  Spanilh  fnufF,  to  give 
it  that  fine  colour  and  foftnefs  to  the  hand, 
and  to  fix  itsvolatility.  It  is  Ibmetimes  called 
after  the  name  of  the  village,  but  more  com- 
monly Almagre  ;  and  is  likewife  ufed  in  the 
glafs-houfe  of  St.  Ildephonfo,  inftead  of  tri- 
poli,  to  give  the  laft  polifii  to  glafs.  The 
neighbourhood  of  Alma^aran  likewife  affords 
another  finguhrity,  and  that  is  the  whitft 
ftone  called  plume-alum,  or  pscudo  ajbcjios, 
which  is  a  matter  truly  falinc,  tafting  and 
diflblving  in  water  likf  alum,  and  cryftalli- 
zing  in.  form  of  feathers ;  from  whence  its 
name,  being  found  thus  in  grottos,  where 
aluminous  minerals  pafs.  The  other  matter 
to  wliich  the  name  of  plume-alum  has  been 
given,  is  nothing  elfe  but  a  friable  amianthus 
or  afbeftus.  Near  Alma^aran  the  remains  of 
a  filver  mine  are  to  be  feen,  which  formerly 
is  reported  to  have  yielded  great  quantities 
of  filver.  18  miles  W.  Carthagena,  24  S. 
Murcia.     Lo^g.  i.  26.  W.     Lat.  37.  33.N. 

Almada,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Viiia- 
pour.    25  miles  ENE.  Bhagalcotte. 

Almada,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Tagus,  oppof  jlc  Lifbon. 

Almaden,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  La  Mancha.  I'he  quickfilvcr  mine  of  Al- 
maden is  the  moft  ancient  we  knov/  of  m  the 
world.  The  two  brothers  Mark  and  Chris- 
topher Fugger,  of  Augfburg,  had  a  grant  of 
this  mine,  and  were  to  furnilh  the  king  yearly 
with  4500  quintals  of  mercury ;  but  not  being 
able  to  make  good  their  engagements,  or  for 
fome  other  reafons  beft  known  to  thcmfelves, 
they  gave  it  up  in  1635,  as  well  as  the  iilver 
mine  of  Guadalcanal,  which  was  likewife  in 
their  hands ;  vet  thefe  Germans  made  fuch  a 
fortune  in  Spain,  as  to  leave  great  riches  to 
their  heirs,  who  now  Hoiirifh  in  Germany, 
railed  to  the  higheft  dignities,  being  Counts 
of  the  Roman  Empire,  and  pcfTefFcd  of  confi- 
derablc  eftates  in  the  circle  of  Swabia.  Their 
opuknce  was  fo  confpicuous  us  to  becoine  a 


A  LM 

■proverbial  expreflion  in  Spain,  Ser  rico  coma 
un  Facar  to  be  as  rich  as  a  Fugger ;  a  finiile 
■we  find  in  Don  Quixote.  The  church,  with 
great  part  of  the  village  of  Almaden,  confift- 
mg  of  above  three  hundred  houies,  ftands 
upon  cinnabar ;  and  the  inhabitants  are  chief]  y 
■fupporte^  by  the  profits  of  the  mine,  which 
lies  in  a  hill  of  fandy  rock,  forming  two  in- 
clined planes,  with  a  craggy  rock  on  the 
fummit,  ftudded  with  fpecks  of  cinnabar, 
which  no  doubt  were  the  firft  tokens  that 
led  to  the  dtfcovery  of  the  mine.  In  other 
parts  of  the  hill  fmall  beds  of  flate  appear 
with  veins  of  iron,  which  on  the  furface 
follow  the  direftion  of  the  hill.  Some  im- 
properly  call  thefe  fuperficial  veins,  for  there 
are  fuch  in  the  adjacent  hills,  where  no  cin- 
nabar was  ever  fulpedted  to  exilt,  and  all  the 
country  abounds  in  mines  of  iron ;  what  is 
more  remarkable,  in  the  very  mine  of  Alma- 
den pieces  are  fometimes  found,  in  which 
the  iron,  quickfilver,  and  fuli)hur,  are  fo 
mixed  together,  as  not  to  form  a  different 
body.  The  neighbouiing  hills  are  of  a  (inii- 
Jar  kind  of  rock  to  that  of  Almaden,  and 
furnifli  the  fame  forts  of  plants;  which  lliews 
that  cinnabar  does  not  exhale  thofe  poifon- 
cus  vapours  fome  have  imagined,  nor  are 
they  obnoxious  to  vegetation  or  mankind. 
A  miner  may  fleep  in  fecurity  on  a  ftratum 
of  cinnabar,  and  above  forty  forts  of  ufual 
plants  thrive  and  run  to  feed  within  tlie 
prccinifts  of  the;  twelve  furnaces  where  the 
mineral  is  roafted.  The  felons  who  work 
there  feel  no  inconvenience  from  it,-  and  do 
nothing  more  than  wheel  about  the  earth  in 
barrows;  yet  many  of  them  arefo  crafty  as  to 
counterfeit  paralytic  and  other  complaints, 
to  impofe  on  the  benevolent  difpofition  of 
thofe  who  vifit  the  mine.  Each  man  cofts 
government  about  eight  reals  (two  (liiilings) 
per  day;  they  art-  better  fed  than  any  labour- 
ing man,  fell  half  their  allowance,  and  enjoy 
good  health;  yet  from  a  principle  of  com- 
panion are  only  made  to  work  three  hours 
a  day;  and  the  public  think  their  condition 
fo  infinitely  wretched  as  to  be  little  fhort  of 
death.  In  the  precin(51:s  of  Almaden  there 
are  twelve  furnaces,  called  the  twelve  apos- 
.  tie;' ;  each  can  receive  about  200  quintals, 
including  good  and  bad  flone,  which  in 
three  days  will  produce  about  forty  quintals 
of  quickfilver.  Three  days  more  are  re- 
quired to  repair  the  furnace,  and  to  place 
every  thing  properly;  fo  that  four  out  of 
the  twelve  are  always  in  adion,  except  du- 
ring the  violent  heats  of  die  fumnier,  when 
a  fufpenlion  from  labour  is  conlideredneccf- 
'fary  and  unavoidable.  Mariana  fays,  *'  no 
country  yields  more  vermillioo  than  Spain, 
cfpcciailv  about  Almaden,  a' town  anciently 
called  Sifipnre."  39  miles  SW.  Civdad  Real, 
44  N.  Cordova. 
AlrnadiiTj  fee  A?nadia. 


A-LM 

Almaden  de  la  Plata.,  a  town  of  Spain,  itst 
Seville,  on  the  river  Colar.  32  m.  N.  Seville. 

Almadie,  or  Almodie  Point.,  a  cape  or 
headland  on  the  north  fide  of  Cape  Verde. 
Lat.  14.  50.  N. 

Alinadra,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarva. 
4  miles  W.  Lagos. 

Ahnadro7iis,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fez,  not 
far  from  Cape  Spartel.  10  miles  S.Tangiers. 

Almaij^ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New-C  affile, 
the  chief  place  -of  the  order  of  Calatrava.  9 
miles  ESE.  Civdad  Real. 

Ahnagiier.,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  country  of  Popayan,  on  the  river  Cauca. 
36  miles  S.  Popavan.  Long.  76.  32.  W. 
'Lat.z.'N. 

Almali,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in  Na- 
tolia.  42  miles  SW.  Satalia.  Long.  29.  42. 
E.    Z-.7/.  36.38.  N. 

Ahnanchery,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     11  miles  N.  Bomrauzepoliam. 

Al?nandrel,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
Chili,  on  the  fea  coaft. 

Ahnanejli,  a  town  of  Walachia.  50  miles 
E.  Tergozyl. 

Alnuv/for,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fez,  on 
the  river  Cuir,  near  the  fea.  10  miles  SW. 
Sallee.    Lo7ig.  6.  50.  W.    Lat.  n.  45.  N. 

Ahnanza,  a  town  of  Spain,  fituated  in  a 
fertile  plain  of  the  province  of  Murcia,  on 
the  frontiers  of  Valencia.  This  plain  is  re- 
markable for  a  battle  fought  here  in  the  war 
offuccelfion,  on  the  25th  of  April  1707.  The 
Duke  of  Berwick  was  in  the  field  with  the 
army,  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  returning 
into  Caflile;  and  when  joined  by  the  troops 
he  expe<5ted,  to  proceed  in  the  conqueil:  of 
the  kingdom  of  Valencia.  The  Marquis  de 
las  Minas  and  the  Earl  of  Gahvay,with  about 
16,000  horfe  and  foot,  began  the  campaign 
early,  in  hopes  of  deftroying  the  Spanifh 
magazines,  and  covering  the  kingdom  of 
Valencia.  They  did  deltroy  feveral  maga- 
zines, which  they  had  better  have  kept,  fince 
they  afterwards  refolved  to  befiege  the  cai^le 
of  Villena.  It  was  a  place  of  little  ftrcngth, 
and  no  great  confequence,  yet  the  Duke  of 
Berwick  marched  to  relieve  it,  for  he  knew 
the  allies  wanted  fublil1:ence,  and  thought 
their  retreat  before  him  would  raife  the  fpi- 
rits  of  his  foldiers,  and  add  reputation  to  his 
arms.  The  Earl  of  Galway  was  for  fighting, 
and  prevailed  upon  the  other  generals  to 
come  into  his  opinion,  and  they  accordingly 
attacked  t!ie  Duke.  The  Englifh  troops  at 
the  beginning  of  the  aiTfion  penetrated  thro' 
the  centre  of  the  Spanifh  army ;  but  the  Spa« 
nifli  cavalry  having  broken  the  Portugueze, 
and  the  French  infantry  making  a  dreadful 
fire  upon  their  flanks,  the  army  of  the  allies 
was  at  laft  broken,  and  when  it  was  almoll 
diirk  began  their  retreat.  Colonel  Hill  car- 
ried off  the  remains  of  thirty-two  battalions 
towards  tlie river Xucar, which,  if  they  could 


A  L  M 

have  palTcd,  they  might  have  been  fafe ;  but 
as  they  marched  in  ihe  niorning,  as  foon  as  it 
was  h'j^ht,  and  had  fought  ti!!  it  v/as  dark, 
their  niuguc  obliged  them  to  halt;  and  this 


A  L  M 

Almeudrokjo.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Eftra- 
madura.     12  miles  S.  Merida. 

Ahncrla,  a  feaport  town  of  Spain,  jjn 
the    province   of  Grenada,   commodioufly 


flop  gave  the  Spaniards  an  opportunity  to  fituated  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Almeria; 
Hinound  them,  fo  that  they  were  obliged  to  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  futfragan  of  Grenada, 
furrender  prifoners  of  war.  In  ihort,  the  When  in  pofTeifion  of  the  Moors,  it  was  a 
viiflory  was  complete;  there  was  a  great  place  of  great  ftrength,  and  a  harbour  for 
number  killed  and  v/oundcd,  feveral  thou-  corfairs.  In  the  year  1 147,  it  was  attacked 
fands  were  taken  prifoners,  many  of  whom  by  the  Spanifli  Chriliians,  affifled  by  the 
were  French,  who  had  entered  into  the  fer-  licet  of  the  Genoefe,  and  at  length  taken  by 
vice  of  the  allies  after  the  defeats  of  Hochftatt  ftorm.  20,000  Moors  were  compelled  to 
and  Ramilies;  and  who,  returning  to  their  pay  a  ranfom,  and  the  town  was  given  up  to 
ftandards,  replaced  thofe  who  had  fallen  in  plunder.  The  Genoefe,  it  is  faid,  Vv^ere  re- 
the  battle.  The  Marquis  de  las  Minas  was  warded  by  a  diftribution  of  a  fingle  emerald 
dangcrouflv  wounded,  and  his  miflrcfs,  in  of  greater  value  than  the  reft  of  the  booty, 
the  garb  of  an  Amazon,  killed  by  his  fide,  which  has  from  that  time  been  preferved  in 
The  Earl  of  Gal  way  had  two  cuts  acrofs  his  the  treafury  of  the  city  of  Genoa.  By  fome 
face,  which  hindered  him  from  feeing  or  authors,  it  is  faid  that  this  emerald  was  ob- 
giving  orders.  120  ftandards,  with  all  the  tained  at  the  taking  of  Malaga;  and  by 
artillery  and  baggage,  were  taken.  About  others,  at  the  taking  of  Casfarea.  There  is 
half  a  mile  eaft  ofthe  town,  in  the  midil:  of  a  a  manufaiSf  ure  of  falt-petre  at  Almeria,  which 
plain,  is  a  fquare  obeliflc  of  ftone,  thirty  feet  is  fent  to'Grenada  to  undergo  afecond  pro- 
high  ;    the  pedeftal  is  furrounded  by  three  c^efs.  45  miles  S.  Baza,  and  54  SE.  Grenada. 


fteps,  on  it  are  engraved  infcriptions  in  Latin 
and  Spanifli  to  commemorate  the  viftory. 
Almanfa  contains  1600  inhabitants,  a  church 
-of  tolerable  architetfture,  and  eight  convents. 
On  the  top  of  a  fteep  rock  are  the  remains 
of  a  very  large  Moorifh  caftle.  15  miles 
NNW.  Villena,  and  54  SVv'.  Valencia.  _ 

Alv'.miza,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
pf  Leon.    26  miles  E.  Leon. 

Alviarazt  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Eflrama- 
dura,  on  the  Tagus.  18  miles  SSE.  Placen- 
tia,  and  24  ESE.  Coria. 

Ahnafary,  a  tov/n  of  Ruflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Tauris,  v/here  the  Cham  ofthe 
Crimea  had  formerly  a  palace. 

Alniattngen,  a  village  of  Helvetia,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne,  where,  in  1799,  the  Swifs 
were  defeated  by  the  French.  3  m.  S.  Berne. 

Al}?iazai!,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caflilc, 
on  the  Duero;   remarkable  for  being  the 


Lo7!g.  2,  41.  W.     I. at.  36. 50.  N. 

Ah)wria.,  or  Naotlan,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
in_  the  province  of  Tlafcala,  near  the  mouth 
of  a  river  which  runs  into  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico. _  50  miles  N.  Vera-Cruz,  and  150  E. 
Mexico.  Loiig.  97. 30.  W.    Lat.  20. 18.  N. 

Ahneyrbn.,  or  Aimer  in,  a  to  wn  of  Portugal, 
in  Eftramadura.    3  miles  SE.  Santaren. 

Ahneyda,  or  AUneida,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  the  province  of  Beira,  on  the  frontiers  of 
Spain.  This  town  is  well  fortified.  There 
are  two  gates,  a  caftle  in  the  middle  of  the 
town,  and  fome  handfome  barracks.  In  1663, 
a  fevere  battle  was  fought  near  the  town,  be- 
tween the  Spaniards  and  the  Portuguefe.  In 
1762,  Almeyda  was  taken  by  the  Spaniard?. 
113  miles  NE.  Lifbon.  Long.  6.  35.  W. 
Lat.  40.  30.  N. 

Ah7nranf-:-Bay,  fee  Amlra^ie-Bas. 

Abnirayite  Rii\.'r,  a  river  of  Weif-Florid.t, 


place  where  the  treaty  of*,peace  was  fettled    v/hich  runs  into  Penfacok  Bay,  Long.  £7 
between  Henry kingofCaftile,  and  Peter  IV.    3.  W.     L^/.  30.  37.N 


kingof  Aragcn,  in  1.175.    16  miles  S.  Soria. 

Ahnazaran,  fee  Aiinagara^r:. 

Ahne,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  runs 
into  the  I.ippe,  near  Elfen,  in-thc  bifhopric 
ofPaderhurn.  <       . 

,    Ahnedhia,  a  town  of  Moroc£o,  on  Mount 
.Atlas.  90  miles  from  Morocco,  now  in  ruins. 

Almeida,  fee  Almeyda. 
.'-  Ahndoo,  a  town  of  Holland,  in  the  flate 
of  OverifFel :  fituated  on  the  branch  of  the 
Regge.     20  miles  ENE.  Deventer. 

Ali?ien,  a  town  of  Holland,  in  the  county 
of  Zutphen,  fituated  on  the  Berckel.  6  m. 
E.  Zutphen. 

Almendra-i  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.     6  m.  NW.  Caflel-Rodrigo. 

Ahnendro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Seville.    18  milesNNE.  Ayaniontc. 

F   i 


Almiron,  a  town  ofthe  iflc  of  Candy.  6 
miles  NW.  Retimo. 

Almijj'a,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Dalmatia.  Almiffa,  called  Omilh  bytheScla- 
vonians,  is  perhaps  the  Onxum  of  ancient 
geographers,  and  not  the  Pcguntium,  as  is 
commonly  believed.  It  lies  at  the  foot  of  a 
very  high  rock,  on  a  level  point  of  land  which 
is  bathed  by  the  Cettina  and  the  fea.  There 
are  no  veftiges  of  good  antiquity  about  Al- 
miffa ;  but  fome  fragments  of  vales,  tiles,  and 
infcriptions  found  at  Starigrad,  that  is,  the 
old  city,  are  indications  of  an  ancient  Roman 
fettlement.  Almiffa,  together  with  its  terri- 
tory, forms  a  part  of  the  dioccfe  of  Spalatro. 
It  has  a  feminary  of  Sclavonian  priefrs,  des- 
tined to  leryc  in  the  parifli  churches  of  Po^- 
liza,  and  ia  the  iflund  where  the  Sclavo.}:c 


A  L  M 

liturgy  fubfifts.  AlmilTa  was  a  n  eft  of  pirates 
in  thofc  ages  of  war  and  blood,  when  circum- 
flances  formed  the  temporary  charader  of 
nations,  and  fometimcs  led  them  from  the 
principles  of  humanity  to  barbarous  ferocity. 
The  current  of  the  river,  hid  as  it  were  be- 
tween high  rocks,  and  the  difficulty  of  pur- 
fuing  them  through  dangerous  banks  of  fand, 
with  which  the  mouth  of  it  is  embarrafled, 
<vere  no  doubt  flrong  temptations  to  the 
Almifliins  in  the  time  of  anarchy,  when  they 
were  fubjcds  or  allies  of  the  Narentans ;  and 
even  latterly,  when  they  lived  under  the 
Henegof  St.Saba.  But  in  thefedays  they  are 
totally  changed.  The  air  of  AliriifTa  would 
iJfe  very  unwholefome  on  account  of  the 
marfhes  formed  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cettina, 
had  not  nature  provided  the  icmedy  in  a  fiefli 
wind  that  rifes  about  midnight  in  all  fea- 
fons;  and  blowing  from  between  the  fteep 
and  narrow  bank  of  the  river,  diifipates  the 
unhealthfui  exhalations:  ncverthelefs  the 
Alniifiiins  are  fubjed^  lo  agues  in  the  hot  fea- 
fon.  The  territory  of  AlmifTa  runs  15  miles 
along  the  fhore,  and  although  not  cultivated 
withmuchllcill,  produces  excellent  wine;  the 
goodnefs  of  the  foil  fupplyingthe  deftc^ls  of 
cultivation.  The  mofcadello,  and  old  pro. 
fccco  of  AlmilTa,  and  in  general  all  the  v/inea 
made  there  with  any  tolerable  care,  dcf'erve 
a  place  at  the  niceft  tables.  1 6  m.  S.  Spalatrd. 

ylltnoJit;  Point,  fee  Abnadie  Point. 

j/lhiodovnr,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon, 
9  miles  SW.  Hucfca. 

Ahuodcvar,  a.  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alen- 
icjo.    9  miles  S.  Ourique, 

AlnwJyZ'ar  del  Cinnfo,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  La  Mancha,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra-Mo- 
rcna,  with  a  calllc,  where,  in  the  14th  century, 
Don  Frederick,  fon  of  Henry  II.  king  of 
Callilf",  was  confined,  and  ended  his  days 
niifernbly.     18  miles  S.  Civdad-Renl. 

yl'.moaovar  del  Pinar,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  N(-W-Caftile.     25  miles  ESE.  Cucn^a. 

Ah'/'J,  a  town  of  Prullia,  in  Natangen. 
^\  miles  SW.  Raftenburg. 

j-llm'jtiacid.,  a  townof  Spain,  in  Old  Caftilc. 
t;  niiles  SE.  Toledo. 

ylhicuacid,  a  town  of  Spain.  15  m.  S.  Leon. 

Ahuond,  a  rivcT  of  Scotlar.d,  tvhich  runs 
into  the  Fiith  of  Forth,  5  miles  \\'.  Leith. 

Ahmnd,  A  river  of  Scotland,  which  rifes 
in  tJu-  CJrampion  hiih',and  runs  into  thcTay. 

/Ibncjidbury,  a  town  of  England,  in  tlie 
Well-Riding  of  Yorklhire,  with  3751  inha- 
liitants,  of  which  upwards  of  toco  are  em- 
plo\rd  in  nunuiaiffures.  am.S.Huddcrsficld. 

Almonif,  a  river  of  Spain,  wiiich  runs  into 
the  Tagus,  itot  far  fron\  Truxillo. 

^'//.7/o;//t',  a  town  of  Sjiain,  in  the  province 
of  Seville.     1.5  miles  SE.  Moguer. 

Alniora,  ■*.  country  of  Alia,  between  the 
a  ouHtains  of  Thibet  and  liindooitiin,  noith 


A  L  N 

of  the  province  of  Rohilcund.  The  principal 
towns  are  Rarrpour  and  Coflipour.  The 
fouthern  part  of  this  country  is  annexed  to 
the  fubah  of  Oude. 

Almoria,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  rifes  in 
the  Sierra-Nevada :  about  6  miles  S.  Guadix, 
and  runs  into  the  Meditciranean,  near  Alme- 
ria;  it  is  called  at  firfl  Britduy,  but  changes 
its  name  a  little  above  Alhama  le  Seca. 

Alfnout,  a  town  of  Periia,  in  the  province 
of  Mazanderan.     90  miles  SW.  Fehrabad. 

Abnjhaden^  a  town  of  Arabia.  80  miles 
NE.  Hagiaz. 

Abtijladti  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince  of  Smaland.  3  miles  from  the  Baltic, 
and  4  E,  Chriilianfladt. 

Abniidevar.)  fee  Abaodovar. 

Abnmda,  a  town  of  Flindooftan,  in  the 
circar  oi  Cicacole.    14  m.  SW.Vizianagram, 

Almunecar^  a  feaport  tov/n  of  Spain,  in 
the  province  of  Grenada,  on  the  Mediter- 
ranean, with  a  good  harbour,  defended  by 
a  flrong  citadel  and  garrilbn.  The  citadel 
was  built  bv  the  Mooriih  kings,  and  v.as 
uled  as  a  prifon  for  their  fons  and  brothers, 
when  fufpected  of  any  defigns  againfl  the 
flate.  Some  fuppofe  it  to  be  the  Manoba  of 
Ptolemy.  32  miles  E.  Malaga,  and  36  SSW. 
Grenada.    Loig.  3.  54.W.     Lat.  36.42.  N. 

Abnnnha,  or  Alnnwia,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Aragon,  near  theXiloca.  la  miles  NE. 
Calataiud. 

Al/niis,  or  Abmns,  a  town  of  Afiatie 
Turkey,  in  the  goverViment  of  Sivas.  20 
miles  NE.  Tocat. 

Abnuthie^  a  fea-port  on  the  call  coafl  of 
Scotland,  in  the  county  of  Angus.  7  miles 
S.  Montrofe. 

Abiapeji,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Doneg.il.  19  miles  NNE,  Baly- 
fliannon. 

Alne,  a  river  of  England,  which  rifes  in 
Warwickfhire,  and  runs  into  the  Arrow  at 
Alcefter. 

AbiCy  a  river  of  England,  which  rifss  in 
Northumberland,  and  runs  into  the  German 
Sea  at  Alnemouth. 

Alnevioiith,  or  Alanoufh,  a  feaport  town 
of  England,  for  fmall  vcflels,  in  the  county 
of  Northumberland,  which  carries  on  a  con- 
fidcrable  trade  with  Holland.  In  1801,  the 
population  was  350.  4  miles  SE.  Alnewick, 
and  ij  N.  Morpeth.  Zj;//^.  i.  35.W.  Lijt. 
SS'  2,?-N. 

Abie-'.vick,  or Alunvick,  atown  of  Engltind, 
in  Northumberland,  lituated  on  the  north  lide 
of  a  hill  near  the  river  Alne.  The  town  is 
well  built,  with  a  weekly  market  on  Saturday, 
and  in  1801,  contained  4719  inhabitants;  the 
quartcr-ieiiions  and  county  courts  are  held 
here,  and  it  returns  two  members  to  parlia- 
ment. It  was  anciently  fortified,  and  veftiges 
of  the  wall  arc  vifible,  and  three  gates  were 
Ibmc  years  Cnce  alniolt  entire*     Oo  the 


A  L  O 

fouth  fide  of  the  river,  oppofltethe  town,  is 
Alnwick  caitle,  anciently  from  its  fituution 
confidered  as  impregnable.  It  is  fuppofcd 
to  liave  been  firil  founded  by  the  Romans, 
but  no  part  of  the  original  ftruflure  is  now 
remaining.  It  was  a  place  of  great  ff  rength 
in  the  reign  of  William  Rufu«,  when  it  flood 
a  fiege  ag.'.inft:  Malcolm  III.  king  of  Scot- 
land, who  loll  his  life  before  it,  as  did  alfo 
Prince  Edward,  his  eldeft  fon.  An  ancient 
record  informs  us,  that  the  caftle,  too  ftrong 
to  be  taken  by  aflault,  being  cut  off  from  all 
hopes  of  fuccour,  was  on  the  point  of  fur- 
rendering,  and  relieved  by  a  ftratagem.  One 
of  thegarrifon,  completely  armed,  prefented 
himfelf  in  a  fuppliant  manner  before  the 
king,  with  the  keys  of  the  caftle  tied  to  the 
end  of  his  fpear,  as  if  offering  to  furrender 
up  the  pofTellion.  Malcolm  coming  haftily 
forth  to  receive  them  was  mortally  wounded, 
and  the  alfailant  efcaped  in  the  confufion ; 
the  ion  advancing  to  revenge  his  father,  re- 
ceived likewife  a  wound  that  proved  mortal, 
and  the  fiege  was  raifed.  A  crofs  was  eredled 
on  the  fpot  where  the  king  was  killed.  In 
the  following  century,  William  III.  king  of 
Scotland,  (called  the  Lion,) as  he  laid  fiege  to 
this  caft:le,  was  furprifed  and  taken  priloner 
by  a  party  of  Englifli,  who  came  to  its  relief. 
Margaret  of  Anjou  garrifoned  this  caftle 
with  300  Frenchmen,  which  after  the  battle 
of  Towton  were  gallantly  brought  off  by  the 
Earl  of  Douglas,  when  the  fortrefs  was  fur- 
rendered  to  the  Earl  of  Warwick.  Before 
the  Norman  conqueft,  the  caftle  and  depen- 
dencies belonged  to  Gilbert  Tyfon,  a  great 
baron,  who  was  flain  fighting  on  the  fide  of 
Harold ;  it  came  afterwards  to  a  Norman 
chief,  of  the  name  of  Vefcy,  who  married  a 
daught;er  of  Tyfon.  It  has  long  been  in  the 
poffeflion  of  the  Percys,  and  is  now  a  feat  of 
the  head  of  that  family,  the  Duke  of  Nor- 
thumberland. An  abbey  of  Premonftraten- 
fian  canons  was  founded  here  in  1147,  hy 
Euftace  St.  John.  30  miles  S.  Berwick,  305 
N.London.  Z?/;^.  1.34.W.  Z^/.jj.  23.  N. 

Ainey,  an  ifland  of  Er^gland,  in  the  river 
Severn,  remarkable  for  an  interview  between 
Canute  the  Dane,  and  Edmund  Ironfide; 
near  the  city  of  Glocefter. 

Alnok,  a  imall  ifland  near  the  coaft  of 
Sweden,  in  Sundfwall  bay,  with  a  town  of 
the  fame  name.  5  miles  NE.  Sundfwall. 
Long.  1"].  iT,.^..    Zrf/.  62.24.  N. 

Alloviayo,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  jurifdic- 
tion  of  Guamalie. 

Alond.',d.n  ifland  in  the  Arabian  fea,near  the 
coaft  of  Adel.     Lo;ig. 4n.E.  Laf. 11. ^z.'N. 

Along,  a  riverofAfia,  which  runs  into  the 
GulfofSiam.  Long.  1 00. zi.Y..  Lai.^. 40.'N. 

Along,  a  town  of  Lower  Siam,  on  tlie 
river  fo  called.     30  miles  NNW.  Ligor. 

Alonia,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  fea  of  Mar- 
mora.    Long.  2j.  2^.E.    Z««/.  40.  22.  N. 


ALP 

Aloo,  Straits  of,  a  part  of  the  Eaftern 
Indian  fea,  between  theillands  of  Lomajlem 
and  Pantar. 

Alopha,  a  river  of  Syria,  which  runs  into 
the  Mediterranean.     2  miles  S.  Bayrcut. 

Alora,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Grenada,  taken 
from  the  Moors  in  1484.  13  miles  S.  Ante^ 
quera,  and  18  NW.  Malaga. 

Alove,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dowla- 
tabad,  on  the  Godavery.    30  m.  E.  Nander. 

Aloren,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.zz.i^.E.  Lat. 
(>Z-  35-  N. 

Alorno,  a  town  of  Concan.    8  m.  N.  Goa. 

Aloft,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  tlie  Scheld,  on  the  Bender.  In  the  year 
1576,  this  town  was  taken  and  facked  by 
the  troops  which  had  revolted  from  Spain. 
Six  years  after,  it  was  taken  bv  th?  Duke 
of  Alen^on,  brother  of  Henry  II].  king  of 
France,  whom  the  ftates  of  the  confederate 
provinces  had  called  to  their  afliftance.  It 
afterwards  fell  into  the  power  of  the  EngliHi, 
by  whom  it  was  fold  to  the  Duke  of  Parma. 
In  the  year  1 667,  Louis  XIV.  became  mafter 
of  it,  and  reftored  it  to  Spain,  but  not  before 
the  fortifications  were  deftroyed.  In  the 
year  1 706,  it  furrendered  to  the  Duke  of 
Marlborough.  Its  magiftracy  formerly  held 
jurifdidion  over  172  villages.  I3  nfiles  SE. 
Ghent,  and  15  NW.  BrufTels.  Long.  o.  4.  E. 
/-^7/.5o.5  7.  N. 

Alpahao,  a  town  of  Portugarl,  in  Alentejo. 
14  miles  NNW.  Portalegre. 

Alpedrtnha,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Beira.  13  miles  NNE.  Caftei- 
Bran  CO. 

Alpedriz,  a  town  of  Portugal,  io  Eftra- 
madura.     8  miles  SW.  Leyria. 

Alpken,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Roer,  heretofore  belonging  to 
the  electorate  of  Cologn.  In  1586,  it  was 
taken  by  the  Spaniards  under  the  Duke  of 
Parma.  8  miles  SW.  Wefel,  and  50  NNW. 
Cologn. 

Alpkonfo,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea. 
Long,  s 4.  50.  E.     Lar.  7.  4.S. 

Alpignan,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Po,  on  the  Dora.  5  miles 
W.  Turin. 

Alpuach,  a  town (J"SwiffeiIand,  in  the  can-, 
ton  of  UnderwaldeiT.     6  miles  S.  Lucerne. 

Alpon  Vecchio,  a  river  of  Italy,  which 
runs  into  the  Adige,  a  little  above  Albaredo. 

Alpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Vifiar 
pour.     25  miles  NNE.  Sollapour. 

Alps,  a  ridge  of  mountains  which  com- 
mence on  the  coaft  of  the  Mediterranean, 
near  Monaco,  between  the  ftate  of  Genoa 
and  tiie  county  of  Nice,  and  terminate  at  the 
Gulf  of  Carnero,  in  the  Adriatic.  Tiiey 
are  called  by  different  names  in  diftorent 
parts.  The  maritime  Alps  extend  from  Vado 
tv  the  iburcg  of  the  Ya^r — the  Cottian,  ftonj 


A  L  R      - 

Ae  fource  of  the  Var  to  Sufa— the  Or.Ttkn 
occupy  the  fpaceto  Mount  S*.  B-r.i.irJ — 
the  Pennine  from  thence  to  Si.  Gothard — 
the  Rhetian  from  St.  Gothard  to  tbePiava; 
—from  thence  to  litria  they  take  the  name 
of  the  northern  or  Carn'.c  Alps.  There  are 
6ther  loc  J  appellations. 

^ips.  Higher,  a  department  of  Frande, 
formed  of  the  country  before  called  Dau- 
phige;  the  principal  towns  are  Gap  the  ca- 
pital, Bripri(;on,  and  Embrun. 

/lips,  Loivcr,  a  department  of  France, 
formed  of  the  county  of  Provence.  The 
principal  towns  are  Dipne  the  capital,  Bar- 
celonette,  Caftellane,  Sifteron,  and  f  orcal- 
■quier. 

Jlps,  Mar'd'wie,  a  department  of  France, 
formel  of  the  ci-dcvant  county  of  Iv  ice,  and 
principality  of  Monaco. _  The  principal 
towns  a,e  Nice  the  capital,  Monaco,  Le 
Pujet,  and  Thenieres.- 

yUps,  S'-.uthcrn.,  mountains  in  the  fouthern 
part  of  New-Zealand. 

•  Alpfec,  a  lake  ol  Swifferland,  being  a 
continucTtion  of  the  lake  of  Lucerne. 

AlpHxaras  Los,  mountains  of  Spain,  in 
the  kiijgdom  of  Grenada,  extending  from 
Vtlez  to  Almeria,  being  about  51  miles  in 
length  from  call  to  weft,  and  33  in  breadth 
from  novtli  to  fouth ;  and  fo  high,  liiysVeirac, 
that  their  fummits  are  viiible  not  only  from 
Gibraltar,  but  likewife  from  the  coaft  of 
Africa,  between  Ceuta  and  Tangiers.  They 
are  divided  into  eleven  dillrids,  called  in  the 
language  of  the  country  (v/hich  is  a  ftrange 
compound  of  Arabic  and  Spanifli)  Taas,  and 
in  Spaniflt  Cabc^as  de  Partido.  The  inha- 
bitants are  dcfccnded  from  the  Moors,  who 
Iiave  embraced  Chriftianity,  butftill  prticrve 
the  manners,  the  habit=;,  tlie  language,  and 
the  induftry  of  their  forefathers.  No  part 
of  Spain  is  fo  well  peopled;  they  reckon  120 
villages  and  haiTllcts  in  ihefe  Taas.  They 
cultivate  the  mountains  with  gr^atcarc,  and 
{<:\\  great  quantiucs  of  excellent  wine  and 
tVnit  .it  Vclez,  Malaga,  and  other  towns  on 
the  coatl^  from  wi'.cnce  they  are  exported 
to  dtfFercnt  p;;rts  of  the  world.  Among  the 
r-itural  curioiiucs  they  tcil  of  a  fountain 
which  die-,  the  thread  of  linen  or  lilk  black 
tli:  inft.mtitis  plunged  in;  and  a  cavern,  the 
ixh.iiatiun  of  v/hich  is  fo  malignant  as  to  dc- 
ftroy  all  aniniais  v/hich  approach  the  moutli. 
The  ancient  name  was  Monies  Solis. 

jiln;  M  Itching,  a  river  of  England,  which 
rifcs  near  Alresford.  By  means  of  a  large 
pond  as  a  refcrvoir,  loci<s,  and  afjucdufts, 
this  river  wa-s'  made  navigable  for  barges 
and  light)  rs,  ti om  Southarr.oton  to  this  town- 
but  'or  fevcrrd  centuries  the  navigation'  has 
readied  nc  farther  than  Wincheftcr.  It  is 
nolt  [generally  calf  d  Itching,  efpecially  a 
f.v  miles  below  Alresford.  The  head' of 
tl'f  pond  ^as  part  cf  ;i  Koman  way. 


A  L  S 

Alresfrird,  a  town  of  England,  in  Hahip- 
fhire,  with  a  weekly  market  on  Thurfday; 
and  T132  inhabitants,  as  numbered  in  1801, 
of  which  817  were  employed  in  trade  and 
nianufaftures.  On  the  agrh  of  March,  1644, 
a  battle  was  fought  near  this  town,  betv/een 
the  Royaliils  conr.manded  by  Lora  Hopicn, 
and  the  Parliament  forces  under  Sir  William 
Waller,  in  which  the  latter  had  the  advan- 
tage. In  1 7 10,  it  v/as  bu-ned  dow.n  v/ith 
both  ma'.ket-houfe  and  church.-'  Old  Aires- 
ford  is  a  -'iliage  a  little  to  ti-e  north.  S  miles 
NE.  Winchclter  j  ai:d  58  CW. London. 

Alroc,  a  fmall  :iland  in  the  No;  ch  fca,  near 
the  coaft  of  futia^u-1,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Gulf  of  Korfcns.    Long.  ic.  30.  E.    Lat. 

55'  52-  1^''-. 

Alface,  oefore  the  laf-  .  evolution,  was  a 
province  of  France,  bounded  on  the  eail  by 
the  Rhine,  on  the  fouth  by  SwifTerland  and 
part  of  Franche  Comp»e,  on  the  v.  ell:  by 
Lorraine,  and  on  the  north  by  the  Palatinate 
of  the  FJiine;  and  accounted  one  of  the 
mofl  fertile  countries  in  Europe.  It  was 
divided  into  Upper  and  Lower  Alface. 
Strafburg  was  confidered  as  the  capital  of 
the  whole.  It  anciently  belonged  to  the 
kings  of  France,  till  the  time  of  tlae  emperor 
utho  I.  Otho  III.  eredfed  it  into  a  land- 
graviate,  and  it  was  vefted  in  the  houfe  ot 
Auftria.  By  the  treaty  of  JMunfter,  in  1648, 
it  was  reftored  to  France,  and  farther  con- 
firmed by  th:  peace  of  Rvfwick.  By  the 
late  divilion  of  France,  thii.  country  forms 
two  departments,  the  Upper  and  Lower 
Rhine;  Colmar  is  the  capital  of  the  former, 
and  Str.tfburgh  of  the  .latter. 

Alfafs;  a  river  of  Arm.enia,  which  runs 
into  the  Aras,  44  miles  SE.  Erivan. 

Alf.jf',  a  town  of  Perfian  Armenia,  on  a 
river  of  the  fame  name.  42  m.  SSW.  Erivan, 

Alschaufcn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Swabia,  and  county  of  Wehrin- 
gen.  Here  was  a  Teutonic  commandery, 
part  of  whofe  provincial  was  reckoned 
among  the  prelates  of  the  empire,  and  held 
a  feat  on  the  bench  of  Swabian  counts, 
but  did  not  appear  at  the  Diet.  The  Ro- 
man month  was  60  florins,  and  the  afTefT- 
nient  loi  rix-dollars,  45  kruitz.ers.  By  the 
peace  of  Luneville,  A'lchaufen  was  given  to 
the  cleeT.or  of  Bavaria.     9  miles  S.  Buchau- 

A/fc?:,  an  ifland  belonging  to  Denmark, 
in  the  Baltic,  near  the  coaft  of  Slefwick,  to 
which  it  belongs  :  ftsparated  from  the  main 
land  by  a  narrow  channel,  called  Alfend- 
Sund,  or  Aliin-Sund;  18  miles  long,  and  6 
wide.    Z.c;;^.  9.  55.  E.   y^^?/.  55.N. 

Alfcti,  a  town  or  rather  church  village  of 
Sweden,  in  the  province  of  Jamiland,  on  ari 
arm  of  Lake  Storfio.  22  miles  NW.  Oiler- 
fund.     Loug.  13.  45.  E.    L.it.  63.  22.  N. 

Alfciiz,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment uf  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle, lately  belong-^ 


ALT 

ing  to  the  principality  of  NafTau  Weilburg. 
7  miles  S.  Creutznacii,  and  40  NW.  Man- 
heim.  Long.  7.  47.  E.  Lat.  49.43.N. 

Alfenz,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Nahe,  a  miles  SW.  Creutznach. 

Alifddt  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Upper 
Heffe;  it  was  formerly  a  rich  and  flourifliing 
town,  and  one  of  die  firft  of  the  country 
which  received  the  confeflion  of  Augfburg. 
50  miles  NE.  Frankfort  on  the  Maine,  and  18 
E.Marburg.  Long.  9. 15. E.  Lat.  50.40. N. 
Aljhajh.,  a  province  of  Grand  Bukharia,  on 
the  banks  of  the  Sihun,  about  Lat.  43.  N. 

Alflieda,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Smaland,  with  a  gold  mine  in  its 
neighbourhood. 

Aljheln,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Mount  Tonnerre;  heretofore  in  the 
palatinate  of  the  Rhine.  10  miles  N.  Worms. 

Aljiii-Su?id,  or  Alfen-Sonnd\  a  narrow 
channel  which  feparates  the  illand  of  Alfen 
from  the  main  land  of  Denmark. 

Aljitz,  a  riverwhich  pafTesby  Luxemburg, 
and  runs  into  the  Sour,  nearDicrich. 

Aljleben,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Anhalt-Deffau,  on  the  Saal.  9 
miles  SSVV.  Bernburg.  Long.  11.  5a.  E. 
Lat.  J  I.  40.  N.    ' 

Aljleben,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Wurzburg.  4  miles  E.  Konig- 
fiiol'en  in  der  Grabfeld. 

Aijladt,  or  Aljladten,  fee  Altenjladt. 

Aljladt,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  Oberland. 
14  miles  S.  Ofterrode. 

Aljladt,  or  Alftett,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  principality  of  Eifenach.  28  miles  NNE. 
Erfurt.     Long.  11.  30.  E.  Lat.  51.  41.  N. 

Aljler,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of theRhineandMofelle.  4  miles NW.Bonn. 

Aljler,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  runs 
into  the  Elbe,  near  Hamburg. 

Alftetten,  fee  Altjlctten. 

Aljlon,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Hclfingland. 
2)1  miles  W.  Soderhamn. 

Aljlon,  a  town  of  North-Carolina,  on 
Little  river,  not  far  from  thefea.  20  miles  W. 
Brunfwick.  Z-i;;j7.  78.31;.  VV.  Z<7/.33.54.N. 

Aljon  Moor,  lee  Aldjlone. 

Alfvjangen,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Cour- 
land.     10  miles  W.  Goldingen. 

Alt,  a  river  of  England,  which  rifes  in 
Lancafliite,  and  runs  into  the  Irifn  fea,  7 
miles  W.  Ormflcirk. 

Alt-Clojler,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Bremen.     12  miles  SE.  Stade. 

Alt,  fee  Alaut. 

Alt  Ranjladt,  fee  Ratijladt. 

Alta,  a  tov/n  of  Sweden,  in  Hclfingland, 
on  the  frontiers  of  Geftricia. 

Alta-gracia,  a  town  of  South- America,  in 
the  government  of  Buenos  Ayres,  and  pro- 
vince of  Cordova.    20  miles  SSW.  Cordova. 

Altamaba,  a  river  of  Georgia,  formed  by 
Vhe  unioii  of  Occonee  and  Oiikniulge  at  Air 


ALT 

tamaha,  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long, 
81.  30.  W.     i-i-//.  31.  20.  N. 

Altuifiaha,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  Georgia, 
at  the  union  of  the  Occonee  and  Oakmulge. 
Long.  83.  W.     Lat.  i:,.  54.  N.  _ 

Alta7ntra,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Galicia, 
on  the  river  Tamara.-  It  gives  a  title  of 
comte  and  grandee  of  Spain.  15  miles  W. 
St.  Jago  de  Compoflclla. 
_  Altamura,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Bari,  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines. 
6  miles  NE.  Gravina. 

Altara,  a  town  of  Genoa.  5  miles  N. 
Savona. 

Altare,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Stura.  17  miles  SSE.  Gorzegno. 

Altavella,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Prin- 
cipato  Ultra.     7  miles  S.  Benevento. 

Altavilla,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Prin- 
cipato  Citra.    18  miles  SE.  Salerno. 

Altaura,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Paduan. 
4  miles  S.  Montagnano. 

Altay  Moiuitains,  a  mountainous  ridge 
which  feparates  Ruffia  from  ChinefeTartary, 
between  the  rivers  Irtifch  and  Enifei.  They 
are  part  of  a  great  chain  which  extends  with 
little  interruption  from  Lake  Aral  to  the 
Pacific  Ocean. 

Altchirch,  lee  Altkirch. 

Altdorff,  fee  Altorff. 

_  Altca,  a  leaport  tov/n  of  Spain,  in  the  Me- 
diterranean, on  the  foui  h-eall  coalt  of  Valen- 
cia.  _  24  miles  NE.  AKcant,  and  50  S.  Va- 
lencia. Long.  o.  12.  W.  Lat.  38.  36.  N. 

Alte-Fehr,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Rugea. 
3  miles  WSW.  Bergen. 

Alten,  or  Altcnbotten,  a  gulf  of  Norwayj 
on  the  coaft  of  Finmark,  in  the  government 
ofWardhus. 

Altena,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Scheld.     14  miles  NE.  Dendermond. 

Altena,  fee  Altona. 

Altcnau,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Grubenliagen,  near  the  fource  of 
the  Ocker,  in  the  Ilarz  foreff.  8  m.  S.Goflar. 

Altcnau,  or  Altena,  a  town  of  Germany,  . 
in  the  county  of  Mark,  on  the  Lenne.     30 
miles  NE.  Cologn,  and  3^    E.  Dulleldorp. 
Z^;/^-.  8.  3.E.  i.^/.  51.  I4.IN1. 

Altenau,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rifes 
near  Helmftadt,  in  the  dutchy  of  Wolfenr 
buttel,  and  runs  into  Ocker,  the  near  the 
city  of  Wolfei/buttel. 

Altenhecken,  or  Alten  Be i ken,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  the  bifhopric  of  Paderburn.  3 
miles  E.  Lipplpring. 

Altenberg,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Stiria.     8  miles  S.  Voitfburg. 

Altenberg,  a  town  of  Germaiiy,  in  the 
circle  of  Erzgcburg.     18  miles  S.  Drefden. ' 

Altevhurg,  a  town  of  Germany, .in  the 
dutchy  of  Stiria,  on  the  Sann.  8  miles  SSW, 
Windiili  <5ratz. 

Altpiburg,  or  Oldenburg,  a  town  of  G.er- 


ALT 

■manv,  in  the  dutchy  of  Holllein,  on  a  tlver 
vliich  runs  into  the  h^t'ic,  about  9  miles  to 
the  north-eaft.    Lai.<;4'i^-^- 

Jltenk-rnhe'ni},  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
priiicipahty  of  Culmbach.  8  miles  SW. 
JWarkt  Erlbach. 

Altenburg.,  or  Ovar,  a  town  of  Hungary. 
In  the  year  "15  29,  this  town  was  taken  by  the 
Turks;  and  in  16©^,  it  was  burned  by  them. 
In  16x9,  it  was  much  injured  by  Bethlen 
Gabor.  17  miles  S.  Prelburg,  40  SE.  Vien- 
pa.    Z-'^i'.  7.3.  I5.E-    -^^^47-56.  N. 

jiltenb:ir^,  a  town  of  Germany,  and  capi« 
tal  of  a  principality  to  which  it  gives  name, 
in  the  circle  of  Upper  Saxony,  large  and 
jKjpulous  •.  anciently  imperial,  and  capital  of 
tiie  coun-ry  of  PleilP  1,  at  leaft  as  early  as 
1172  ;  a.id  the  emperors  after  made  the  cas- 
tle a  p'a:r.  of  refidence;  and  from  this  caftle 
the  yo:ng  princes  Erneft  and  AlLcrt,  the 
founrl^rr.  of  the  twc  principal  branches  of 
the  houl'-  of  Saxony,  were  carried  off  by 
Kunz  va  ■  KfcaiFungin  1455.  Thetowii-houfe 
is  a  Hately  ftrudture;  and  among  other  pub- 
lic buildings  are,  a  Magdalen,  or  a  place  of 
tdiioation  for  children  of  decayed  families; 
ahoufe  of  the  Teutonic  knights;  a  gymnafi- 
um,  founded  in  17c.-!,  with  a  good  mufeum 
and  library ;  anorphan-houfc;  and  prilbn.  In 
I -^oR,  Frederick  margrave  ofMeillen  made 
himfelfmafter  of  it,  after  which  it  palled  to 
the  h(/ufe  ofSaxony.  In  1430,  it  was  burned 
by  the  Huilices ;  a'ld  in  1632,  taken  by  the 
Impcrialilts.  20  miles  S.  Leipfic,  and  52  W. 
Dreiden.  Long.  12.  21.  E.  Lat.  52.  59.  N. 

Altenburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchv  if  iiaden.  2  miles  NW.  Brufchal, 
and  9  dSK.  Spire. 

Altenhurg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principiiity  of  HelFe.  2  miles  NW.  Wetzlar, 
and  2  NE.  Uraunfcls. 

■  Altenburg.,  a  town  of  the  county  of  Tyrol. 
9  miles  NE.  Ciurns. 

AtUnhurg,  a   town  of  the  archdutchy  of 
Auftria.     2  miles  SV,\  Horn. 
•    Ahc-.ihurg,  Teul^cbi  a  town  of  the  arch- 
dutchy of  Auftria,  ntar  Hainburgh.  ' 

Altfiibur:!,  a  town  ot  Pnilfia,  m  the  pro- 
vince of  Obcrland.    2  miles  NW.  Liehnuihl. 

Aitenda7nlach,  a  town  ot  Germany,  in  the 
rnunty  ol  Hepqebej-g.  ^  m.  NN  W.  Schku- 
fiagcn.  '   • 

Altendirn^  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
<iutc-hy  of  Wcltplialia.  37  miles  e!  Cologn. 
X(>'.7.  8.  ».  E.     Lat.  s-i-'A-i^.    '    ' 

Altciijllilo:,  a  town  of  Girmany,  in  the 
principality  of /Viifpacii.    7  miles  NE.  Roth. 

Alltnic,'!!,  w  to.vn  of  Geimahy,  ill  the 
prir'Cifali;  \  o:  W'ertheim.  8  ni.E.  Wertheiifl. 

ylUcnHflLtSy  a  town  of  Gerniany,'  in  Carin- 
thia,  witfi  i,  citadel,  on  the  Gurck.  4  mileS 
KE.  Vtit. 

Attfiiliniii,  a  tr.wn  of  the  archdutchy  of 
/  uflria,  on  the  Dauub j.     1 2  niiles  £.  i^iofz. 


ALT 

Altenkirchen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Sayn.  On  the  ifl  of  June,  1796, 
the  French  republican  general  Klcber  lur- 
prifed  the  van  of  the  Auflrian  army,  under 
the  Prince  of  Wurtembcrg,  near  this  town, 
and  totally  defeated  it,  with  the  lofs  of  2400 
killed,  and  3000  taken  prilbners.  On  the 
9th  of  September,  in  the  fame  year,  the 
French  were  defeated  afrer  a  fevere  engage- 
ment, near  the  fame  place,  by  the  Austrians 
under  General  Hotze,  when  the  French 
general  Marceau  was  killed.  15  m.ilesNNE. 
Coblentz._    Long.  7.  29.  E.  Lat.  50.  38.  N. 

Altenkirchen,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Ru- 
gen.     16  miles  N.  Bergen. 

Alten7narckti  a  town  in  the  dutchy  of 
Stiria.     14  miles  NE.  Rottenmann. 

Alten?narckt,  a  town  of  Aullria.  4  miles 
SW.  Baden. 

Altcnviarcktt  a  town  of  Aullria.  24  miles 
£.  Steyregg,  58  W,  Vienna. 

Altennuvckt,  a  town  of  the  archbifliopric 
of  Salzburg.  26  miles  NW.  Salzburg,  and 
9  NNW.  Traunftein. 

AlUnr'tef,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Friburg.     6  miles  S.  Gruyeres. 

ylltenfuiig,  a  town  of  Germany,  belong- 
ing to  the  elefforate  of  Baden,  in  the  Black 
FOrefl:,  on  the  Nagold.  24  miles  SW.  Stutt- 
gart, and  32  E.  Strafburg.  Long.  8. 10.  E. 
Lai.  48.  34.  N. 

Alteiijladt.,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Sulzbach.  7  miles  E/ Weiden. 

Altaijladt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Feldkirch.   2  m.  NW.  Feldkirch. 

Altenfladt,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Olmutz.  32  miles  N.  Olmutz.  Long. 
16.48^  E.  Lat.  50.  3.  N. 

AUenJladt,  a  town  of  Germany,  belong- 
ing to  the  city  of  Ulm.  13  miles  N.  Ulm, 
and  25  E.  Stuttgart. 

Altenjleig,  a  town  of  Aullria.  ss  rnil<^s 
NW.  Vienna.  Long.  15.  13.  E.  Lat.  48. 
42.  N. 

Altenjlcin,  a  citadel  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Wurzburg.  8  miles  NNE. 
Ebern. 

Altentrop,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Wefl- 
phalia.  8  miles  W.  Greyenllein,  and  50 
E.  Dufleldorp. 

Allenivi'id,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  the  I-owcr  Rhine.  15  miles  N. 
Coblentz,  and  26  SE.  Cologn. 

Alter  do  Chaon,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Alcntejo.  This  town  was  built 
by  the  Romans,  and  anciently  called  Eltcr. 
\^  miles  W.  Portalegre,  and  84  ENE. Lis- 
bon,    Long:  7.26.  W.  Lat.  :,^.  8.  N.    ' 

Alter  Pedro/a,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alentejo.     5  miles  S.  O  Crato. 

y//rcr£',  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Scheld.     12  miles  W.  Ghent. 

Alter  to,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria  Cl* 
tra.     17  miles  ENE.  Colenza.     ' 


ALT 


ALT 


jihermaufen,  a  town  of  Bavaria,.  i8  miles 
SW.  Bamberg. 

Altejfan.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Po.     3  miles  N.  Turin. 

Althaiis,  a  town  of  Prullia,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Culm.     4  miles  S.  Culm. 

Alihce,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayenne.  i  %  miles  SSW.  Laval. 

Althclvi.,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  8  miles  E. 
Branau,  and  ly  SSW.  PalTau. 

AUkeiiny  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Culmbach.  4  m.  WSW.  Neulfat. 

Althoff,^  town  of  Priiflia,  in  the  province 
of  Oberland.     5  miles  W.  Holland. 

Altier,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lozerre.  15  miles  E.  Mende. 

Altilia,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ci- 
tra.     II  miles  S.  Cofenza. 

Althi,  a  mountain  of  Siberia.  140  miles 
SSE.  Biifk.  Long.  87. 14. E.  Lat.  50.  ^<{.  N. 

Altiiio,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ci- 
tra.     9  miles  S.  Lp.ngiano. 

Ahvijhi-,  fee  Teldjloe. 

Alfishofen,  a  town  of  the  Helvetian  Re- 
pubfc,  in  the  canton  of  Lucerne.  17  miles 
NW.  Lucerne. 

Altkeikut,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Oberland.  5  miles  ENE.Ortelfburg. 

Altkirchf  a  town  ot  France,  and  chief  place 
of  a  diftrid,  in  the  department  of  the  Upper 
Rhine,  fituatcd  on  an  eminence,  near  the  ri- 
ver ill.  15  miles  W.  Bale,  and  27  S.  Colmar. 
Long.  7.  ID.  E.     Lnt.  47.  8.  N. 

Altkirchen,  fee  Altenkircken. 

Altinansdorf,  a  town  of  Germany,,  in  the 
principality  of  Wurzburg.  4  miles  E.  Ge- 
roltzhoten. 

Altvianjlehu  a  town  of  Bavaria,  iz  miles 
NE.  Ingoldlladt. 

Alt:nark,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  Pomerelia. 
9  miles  SSE.  Marienburg. 

Alt7nuhl,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rifes 
near  Berg-Bernheim,  in  the  margraviate  of 
Culmbach,  and  runs  into  the  Danube  at  Kel- 
heim,  in  Bavaria. 

Altfnuhlmunjlcr,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  17 
miles  NNE.  Ingoldftadt. 

Altmiinfler.,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  8  miles 
SE.  Aicha,  and  20  NW.  Munich. 

Altnaii,  a  town  of  the  Helvetian  Republic, 
in  theThurgau.    5  miles  SE.Conftance. 

Alto  Rhxtia,  a  mountain  of  the  Grifons, 
near  the  town  of  Tofiano. 

Alto  MontCt  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     10  miles  SW.CaHano. 

AltOHf  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  H;i.nts,  on  the  river  Wye,  in  the  road  from 
London  to  Southampton,  with  a  market  on 
Saturday.  It  is  fmall,  having  about  2026  in- 
habitants, with  fome  manufadfures  of  drug- 
gets, fcrges,  &c.  In  the  time  of  the  civil 
wars  Lord  Hopton  ported  here  a  body  of 
troops,  which  being  furprilbd  by  a  detach- 
ment fiora  the  army  of  Sir  William  Waller, 


the  royalifts  retired  to  the  church,  but  liid 
not  time  to  barricade  the  doors,  and  were 
compe'led  to  throw  down  their  nrms  and 
aflc  for  quarter,  which  was  granted;  and  it 
was  alfo  offered  to  the  colonel,  but  he  re- 
fufcd,  and  was  killed  on  the  i'pot-  18  miles 
ENE.  Winchefter,  and  47  WSW.  London. 

Allona,  or  Altj)ia,  a  feaport  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  dutchy  of  HoHtein,  belonging 
to  Denmark,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe, 
in  a  fituation  favourable  for  commerce.  The 
town  contains  about  3000  houfes,  and  fcve- 
ral  churches  for  different  feJts  ofChrirtians, 
a  Jews'  fynagogue,  and  about  25,000  inha- 
bitants. Variety  of  manufafturcs  arc  carried 
on,  with  a  confiderable  commerce,  and  three 
docks  for  building  fhips  ;  and  it  is  the  port 
for  the  Danifli  Eafl-India  Company.  In 
1 7 13,  it  was  burned  by  the  Swedes  under 
Count  Steinbock  ;  but  has  fmce  been  rebuilt 
and  furrounded  with  w'alls.  2  miles  W. 
Hamburg. 

Altorffy  or  AlJorff,  a  town  of  SwiiTeriand, 
in  the  canton  of  Uri,  of  which  it  is  the  chief 
place,  fituated  qp  the  river  Rufs,  where  it 
empties  itfelf  into  the  lake  of  the  Four  Can- 
tons. In  this  town  the  tyrant  Gefler  ex- 
pofed  his  hat  to  be  faluted;  which,  with 
other  enormities,  laid  the  foundation  of  the 
liberties  of  Swilferland ;  and  near  this  town 
the  cantons  of  Uri,  Schwitz,  and  Underwald, 
agreed  to  a  perpetual  alliance,  that  ferved  as 
a  bafe  for  the  illulf  rious  confederation  which 
enfued.  In  1798,  a  large  body  of  Swifa 
were  defeated  here  by  the  French.  20  miles 
SE.  Lucerne,  and  ^Z  S.  Zurich.  Long.  8. 
27.  E.     Lat.  j,G.  50.  N. 

Altorff,  or  Altdorff,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  territory  of  Nuremberg.  It  confilis 
principally  of  one  large  ftreet  called  the 
Markt,  with  leveral  fmall  ones,  containing  in 
the  whole  about  210  houfes;  the  adminis- 
trator refides  in  an  ancient  citadel.  It  has  an 
univcrfity,  firft  founded  as  a  gymnafium  in 
1575.  In  1448,  it  was  Iformed  by  the  Mar- 
grave Albrecht,  and  half  burned  down.  In 
the  1 6th  century  it  was  often  taken,  and 
almoft  ruined,  by  Albrecht  the  younger.  12' 
miles  ESE.  Nuremberg,  and  34  ENE.  An- 
fpach.  Long. i\.  20.^,  Lat.^g.z^.^- 

AltorjftA  town  of  Swifferland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  Zurich.     13  miles  E.  Zurich. 

Altorff,  or  Altdorff\  an  imperial  town  of 
Germany,  in  the  circle  of  Swabia,  which  is 
taxed  at  the  yearly  fum  of  28  florins.  5 
miles  N.  Ravenfpuig. 

Altorf,  a  town  of"  Hungary,  on  the  Zips. 
18  miles  N.  Lcutch. 

y^ltos,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  Para- 
guay.    40  miles  NE.  /VfTumption. 

Altr'mghain,  or  Altrincknui,  a  town  of 
England,  in  the  county  of  Cheller,  fituated 
on  a  canal,  whicii  ruris  froni  Manchetfer  to 
Runcorn,  Warrington,  &c.    It  has  a  weekly 


A  I.  V 

m.iikct  on  Tuefday.  In  1801,  the  number 
of  inhabitants  was  1692,  of  which  359  were 
employed  in  trade  and  manuf.iclures.  7  miles 
SD.  Manchefter,  and  180  NW.  London. 

Altfuhl,  a  town  of  Hungary.  In  1678, 
Count  Tckely  took  it  by  rtorm.  6  miles 
SSW.  Newfohl,  and  88  ENE.  Prefburg. 

Altjlatt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  mar- 
graviate  of  MefTein,  near  Stolpen. 

A^jlatty  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  ^cbin.     7  miles  SE.  Feilfritz. 

Aljled,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bifliop- 
ric  .of  Munfler.     5  miles  MW.  Ahus. 

Altjletten,  or  Aljlettcji^  a  town  of  SwiHer- 
!aDd,irutheUpperRhinthal.  7  m.E.Appenzel. 

Alijtdtefiy  a  town  of  SwiiTerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Zurich.  In  1443,  this  town  was 
burned  by  tlie  troops  confederate  againft 
Zurichi     3  miles  \V.  Zurich. 

Altun-Ktipri,  a  town  of  Curdiftan,  at  pre- 
fent  the  capital,  and  the  rcfidenceof  a  pacha  ; 
lituated  on  the  river  Altun,  which  runs  into 
the  Tigris.  90  miles  SE.  Moful.  Long.^T,. 
20.  E.  Z^/.  35.45.  N.       •     ■ 

Aliuft-Su,  a  river  of  Afia,  which  runs  into 
"        llic  Tigris,  10  m.  above  Tecrit,  in  Curdiftan. 

Altun-Tajh,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
■        Katolia.     20  miles  NW.  Kuitaja. 

/Utivarp,  a  town  of  Anterior  Pomeranin, 
e.n  th;  i'riich  HafFe.      7  m.  E.  Uckcrmundc. 

Altivajfer,  a  town  of  Silclla,  in  the  princi- 
pality'efSchweidnitz.  2  m.N.  Wpldcnburg. 

Ahzennit,  a  tovv'n  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  the  Ix)wer  Rhine.  5  miles  SE.IIanau. 

Allztyy  or  Alzey,  atov/n  of  France,  in.the 
department  of  Mont  Tonnere,  late  belong- 
ing to  the  P.ilatinatc,  on  a  brook  which  runs 
into  the  Saltz.  21,  miles  NW.  Worms.  Long. 
8.  j.E.     /.^//.  49.  43.  N. 

jlku,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  province 
of  Beira.     8  miles  NW.  I.amcgo. 

Alv^ya.  town  of  Cochin.  18  miles  ESE. 
Cranganore. 

Aha  de  Alijla,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old 
Caltilc,  not  far  from  Zamora. 

Alva  de  Tormesy  a  tomi  of  Spain  in  the 
country  of  Leon,  and  province  ot  Salam.mca, 
on  the  frontiers  of  Eftraniadura.  24  miles 
SSE.  Sal.mianca. 

AhtillaJiiy  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alen- 

ttjo.     16  miles  N.  Ourique. 

.  Akanua,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 

V        of  C;ui|)uicoa.     9  miles  S.  Vittoria. 

\  Ali-ar,  a  town  of  Hindooltan,  in  Mcwat. 

60  miles,  SSW.  Delhi,  and   20  NNE.  Cot- 

|)Utiv.       LOJ!^.}-.  10.  E.    /.,//.  2  7,  46.  N. 

Alvurpdo,  a  town  of  M(.xico,  in  the  pro- 
vince (  t  CJuaxaea,  lituuLed  at  the  mouth  ofa 
xivcr  of  the  fame  name.  4c  miles  SSE.  Vera 
Cruz.     Lou^.  96.  36.  W.    L.n.  1 8. 40.  N. 

Alviiradoy  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  riles 
about  40  miles  S\V.  Ouaxaca,  and  runs  into 
the  (Julf  of  Mexico.  Lou;^.  96.  54.  W. 
I.ttl.ii.  40.  N. 


A  L  Z 

Ahcyazer,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Ei^Ta- 
madura.     13  miles  N.  Thomar. 

Ahechurch,  a  town  of  England,  in  Wor- 
ceftcrlhire.     5  miles  NE.  Bromfgrove. 

Alved,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Eaft  Goth- 
land.    Lo7ig.  15.  44.  E.     Lat.  58.  13.  N. 

Alvelda,  lee  Albayda. 

Ahcrca,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eftrama- 
dura.     II  miles  NNE.  Lifbon. 

Aherd,  a  tov/n  of  Periia,  in  the  province 
of  Mazanderan.  60  miles  SSW.  Fehrabad. 

Alvenio,  a  mountain  of  Etruria.  10  miJes 
N.  Borgo  San  Sepulchro. 

Alverthorp,  a  townihip  of  England,  in  the 
welt  riding  of  Yorkfhire,  near  Wakefield. 
In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  3105, 
of  whom  773  were  employed  in  trade  and 
manufadures. 

Ahertoii.,  a  town  of  England,  in  StafFord- 
flaire,  with  800  inhabitants.  4  m.  E.  CheadJe. 

Alvidoiia,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     9  miles  NE.  Caflano. 

Alvignano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Lavora.    10  miles  E.  Capua. 

Alvijo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  countiy 
of  Lavora.  6  m.  E.  Sora,  60  NNW.  Naples. 

Alvito,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alentejo. 
18  miles  SSE.  Evora. 

Ahor,  fee  Albor. 

Ahoredo,  an  ifland  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coall:  of  Paraguay.  Long.  49.  16.  W. 
Lat.  27.  43.S. 

Alvoniinha,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eftra- 
madura.     22  miles  SSW.  Levria. 

Ahvara,  a  town  of  Hindoolfan,  in  the 
circar  of  Gohud.     12  miles  W.  Gwalior. 

Akveil,  a  lake  of  Swifierland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  Berne,  7  miles  long,  and  i-^  wide.  7 
miles  SE.  Arau. 

Ahvcn,  a  river  of  North-Wales,  which 
runs  into  the  Dee,  7  miles  NNE.  Bala. 

Akvifiden,  a  town  of  the  Helvetian  Repub- 
lic, in  Utznach.     3  miles  N.  Utznach. 

Aly?uohiiu,  or  Alyncohan,  a  town  of  Ilin- 
doolian,  in  Guzerat.  loc  miles  NE.  Surat:, 
and  32  ESE.  Champancev. 

Alytha,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Perthfhire, 
ercfted  into  a  burgh  or  barony  by  James  III. 
Tlie  parilh  is  extcndve,  and  part  of  it  lies 
in  the  county  of  Angus.  In  i8oi,thenum. 
her  of  inhabitants  was  2536.  5  miles  NE. 
Brail-Gowric. 

yUza,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  whieh  runs 
into  the  Inn,  6  miles  E.  Ncw-Oetting. 

Akato,  a  town  of  Italy.  4  miles  S.  Como. 

Akbach,  a  town  of  Aulhia.  4  miles  W. 
Schwannallatt. 

Akcy,  fee  Altzcy. 

Alzira,  lee  A/gezira. 

Ahira,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  fitii- 
ated  on  an  illand  of  the  Xucar.  ao  miles  S. 
Valencia. 

Akon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment.oftlie  Ga;d.     15  miles  NNE. Lodeve. 


A  M  A 


A  M  A 


Alzon-,  a  river  of  France,  v/hich  runs  into 
the  Gard,  about  3  miles  btlcjw  Uzes. 

Alzonne,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  deptirt- 
Dient  of  the  Au.le.  8  miles  W.CarcafTonne, 
10  E.  CaflclnaU''arY. 

.   Aw,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Mazanderan. 
25  miles  S.  Fehrabad. 

Ama,  fee  Hania. 

Aina-,  or  Hama,  a  town  of  France,  in  ti^e 
department  of  the  Ourte.  8  miles  SW.  Liege. 

Amaha,  a  town  of  Japan,  ico  miles  ENE. 
Meaco. 

Aviachetrum,  a  town  of  Hiodooftan,  in 
Marawar.     30  miles  SW.  Tanjore. 

Amack,  an  iilind  of  Denmark,  divided 
from  Zealand  by  a  narrow  channel,  over 
wliich  are  iwo  bridges,  which  form  a  com- 
munication with  tiie  city  of  Copenhagen. 
It  contains  fevcral  villages,  and  near  800  in- 
habitants. 

Amacufia,  an  ifland  and  principality  pf 
Japan,  with  a  town  of  the  lame  name,  near 
the  coaft  of  the  illandofXimo.  Long.x%^. 
15.  E.     Zfl/.  31.35.  N. 

Amada.,  a  town  of  Japan.  63  miles  N. 
Meaco. 

Avmdan,  fee  Hamadati, 

Amadahaz,  atown  of  Hindooftan,  jnDow- 
latabad.     23  miles  SW.  Amednagur. 

Amadia,  a  forlrefs  of  Curdiftan,  in  the 
government  of  Sherezur,  built  on  a  lofty 
mountain.  It  is  large,  populous,  and  com- 
mercial ;  with  a  bazar  in  the  centre,  inhabited 
by  rich  merchants.  It  is  governed  by  a  bey 
or  prince,  who  is  indepenoent,  and  can  raife 
about  900  horfe.  160  miles  NW.  Sherezur, 
and  50  SSW.  Betlis.  Lcnig.  41.  32.  E.  Lat. 
37.  20.  N. 

AmageVf  fee  Aviak. 

Ainaguano,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
th.e  audience  of  Quito.   10  miles  S.  Quito. 

Amagur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Berar. 
T,^  miles  N£.  Nagpour. 

Amailkii.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Tv/o  Sevres.  9  miles  SE. 
BrelTuire. 

Amal,  a  fea-port  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Thailand,  on  the  Wenner  lake,  with 
a  good  harbour.  Lat.  59.  N. 

Amalae'jat  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs 
into  the  Frozen  Ocean,  Long,  128.  14.  E. 
Lat.  Ti.  10.  N. 

An/aUgan,  or  IJland of  Conception^  one  of 
the  Mariana  Iflands,  about  18  miles  in  cir- 
cumference. Long.  145.  38.  E.  Lat.  18.  N. 

Airhdfi,  or  Ainalpki^  a  feaport  town  of 
Naples,  in  the  Principato  Citra,  iituated  on 
the  well  coalt  of  the  Gulf  of  Salerno,  the  fee 
of  an  archbilhop.  In  the  eleventh  century, 
this  place,  celebrated  for  its  trade  and  riches, 
with  a  population  of  50,000  cuizens,  was 
opprefTed  by  the  Normans,  and  facked  by 
the  Pifans;  lince  v/hich  time  it  has  never 
recQvered,   but  gradually   declined.    The 


number  of  inhabitants  is  hardly  above  1003 
firtiermcn.  However,  it  contains  a  cathedral 
and  an  arfenal.  10  miles  SW.  Salerno,  and 
:^^  S.  Bencvento.  Long.  14.  22.  E.  Lat.  40. 
35.  N. 

Amavia,  a  town  of  Algiers.  60  miles- 
SSE.  Conilantina. 

Aman,  a  feaport  town  of  Morocco,  on 
the  Atlantic,  between  Cape  Ger,  and  Cape 
Cantin. 

A?nan,  a  country  in  the  ifland  of  Sumatra, 
about  the  centre  of  the  ifland. 

Amanahad,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
fubah  of  Delhi.     8  miles  SE.  Tannafar. 

Amiihay.,  a  river  of  Paraguay,  whicW 
runs  into  the  Parana. 

Amancc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Saone.  iz  miles  W. 
Luxeuil,  and  16  E.  Juffey. 

Amance,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meurte.  9  miles  S.  Chateau 
Sahns,  5  miles  NE.  Nancy. 

Amancot,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Cah- 
lore.    12  miles  E.  Ballaufpour. 

Amancotih,  or  Aviankoh,  or  Echkilge,  a 
flrong  town  of  Perlia,  in  Chorafan.  It  fur- 
rendered  to  Timur  Bee,  after  he  had  takeri 
Herat.     10  miles  S.  Herat.  » 

Aniangafacki,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the 
ifland  of  Niphon.     t,^,  miles  SW.  Meaco. 

A?fianguchi,  a  town  of  Japan,  and  capital 
of  the  kingdom  of  Nangaro,  and  one  of  the 
richeil  towns  of  the  whole  empire.  215 
miles  SW.  Meaco.  Long.  lao.  34.  E.  Lat. 
34.  N. 

A?nambo,  a  river  of  Surinam,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,  Lat.  5.  57.  N. 

A7na?itea,  a  feaport  town  of  Naples,  on 
thewefl  coaft  of  Calabria  Citra.  1 2  miles  S"\'\\ 
Cofenza.   Long.  16.  17.  E.  Lat.  39. 15,  N. 

Amantlan,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Mechoacan.  105  miles  WNW, 
Mechoacan. 

Amanu,  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of  Mo» 
caumpour.    10  miles  S.  Mocaumpour. 

Amanutkaun,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Lahore.     15  miles  SE.  Lahore. 

Avianzirifden.,  a  town  of  Arabia,  44© 
miles  E.  Mecca,  and  584  NE.  Mocha. 
Long.  67.  30.  E.  Lat.  20.  25.  N. 

Aniaonos,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  audience  of  Quito.  20  miles  NE.  St. 
Joachim  de  Omaguas. 

A7napal[a,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pror- 
vince  of  Nicaragua,  htuated  on  an  ifland  on 
the  north  fide  of  the  entrance  into  the  gulf 
Amapalla,  or  Fonfeca.  Long.  87.  30.  W. 
Lat.  13.  20.  N. 

Amapalla,  a  large  bay  or  gulf,  on  the 
weft  coaft  of  America,  between  the  pro- 
vinces Guatimala  and  Nicaragua,  communi- 
cating with  the  Pacific  Ocean  by  a  large 
opening  or  mouth.  It  is  nearly  60  miles  m 
length,  and  from  9  to  30  in  breadth.    It  is 


A  M  A 


A  ISI  B 


cjlled  the  Gulf  of  Jlniapalla.^  from  tlie 
town  and  iHand  of  that  name.  It  is  alfo 
Cillcd  the  GtilfofFonJccii.  ico  m.  NVV. 
Leon.     Long,  gg.  56.  W.  Lat.  13.  %o.  N. 

Aiiiiipet,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  tlie 
Carnatic.     lo  miles  SW.  Trichinopoly. 

/h?iiirj,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak.,  no 
miles  N\V.  Baiforah. 

yhi?arante,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Entre  Duero  e  Minho,  on  the 
liver  Tamaga.  33  m.  SE.Braga.  30.ENE. 
Oporto.    Long.  7.  41.  W.  Lrt.  41.19.  N. 

jimaratoor,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  My- 
forc.  I  a  miles  ENE.  Nagamungalum. 

y1  maraud^  a  townof  Hindoollan,  in  Bahar. 
70  miles  S.  Patna. 

Amaranfpour-,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.    40  miles  S.  Budayoon. 

Amarchetta,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Colconda.     18  miles  N.  Rachore. 

Af^iargofo,  a  river  of  Bralil,  whicli  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,  Lat.  5.  S. 

Amargura.,  fee  Gai-dners  IJlcvid. 

yh.naroLulz,  a  mine  town  of  Bralil,  in  the 
government  of  Goyas.  80  miles  NNE.ViUa 
15'ja. 

yhmnanaye,  a  river  of  America,  which 
n'les  in  the  Cordeliers  Mountain,  and  aher  a 
cnurfe  of  1,200  miles,  joins  the  river  of  the 
Amazons,  in  Lat.  5.  S. 

Ai?uifiiy  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  Ifle  of 
Kiphon.     8  milesESK.  Jedo. 

AviafatruJii^  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Marawar,  on  the  coail.  10  miles  N.  Tondv. 

ADiafia,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Katolia,  fituatcd  on  the  river  Kizilermak, 
vhich  runs  into  the  Black  Sea  ;  furrounded 
bv  lofty  and  rugged  mountains.  It  is  a  large 
;md  populous  town;  the  hod'es  are  moll^y 
oi  wood,  but  Ibnieareof  ilone.  As  the  greater 
part  of  the  inhnbitants  are  Chriftians,  there 
IS  but  one  mof(jue.  In  the  environs  they 
cultivate  vines,  of  the  fruit  of  which  wine 
is  made  much  refcmbling  iiieriy.  It  is  faid 
to  be  the  native  place  of  the  geographer 
Strabo.  jco  m.  E.  Conllantinople.  Long. 
36. 12.  E.     Lat.  40.  40. 

Aiitiifrch,  or  Avh'flros,  a  town  of  Afiatic 
Turkey,  in  Natoli;i,  fituated  on  a  point  of 
land  projci.'ling  into  the  Blaek  Sea.  100 
hiiles  W.  Sinob,  and  150  ENE.  Conffantino- 
ple.    Long.  32.  24-  E.  Lilt.  42.  20.  N. 

AmaJJia,  a  town  on  tiie  Ibuth-ealt  coafl 
of  the  jiland  of  Timor.  Long.  i2j.  2;.  E. 
Lat.  9.  1 8.  S. 

Arnatiquii,  a  gulf  in  tlu'  b.iv  of  Honduras, 
between  Cape  Three  Points  and  Dolce  (]ulf. 
Li^n^.  89.  W.  /„//.  15.  24.  N. 

At/iatitlan,  a  town  cjf  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince ofGuatimala.  ic  miles  SI'.  (Juatimala. 
J-07i^.  92.  zh.  W.    J. at.  14.  2o»  N. 

/■ivia'td,  a  town  of  Nai)les,  in  Calabria 
Ci:ra,  on  a  rivtr  of  the  i'.inig  nime.  7  miles 
SF.Nicidh-o.     •  ■    .,•    .  ;,    ,  -^^ 


AvK-jfo,z  river  of  Naples,  which  difcharges 
itfelf  into  the  lea,  3  miles  S.  St.  Eufemia. 

Amatrkr,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.  13  miles  N.Aquila.  Long.  1^.20. 
E.  Lat.  42.  34.  N. 

Aniatta  do  Brazil,  a  town  of  South-Ame- 
rica, in  the  country  of  Brazil,  and  govern- 
ment of  Fernanibuca. 

Antatta-foa,  or  Toofooa-AiKa.,  or  Kamcty 
an  ifland  in  the  Southern  Pacific  Ocean,  dis- 
covered bv  Captain  Cook  in  1774,  about  15 
miles  in  circumference,  and  2,1  niiles  from 
Anamooka.     See  Toofooa. 

AniaxiSiu,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Leuca- 
dia.     i  miles  8.  Santa  Maura. 

Amaya,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Leon.  In  714,  it  was  taken  by  the  Moors, 
who  found  in  it  great  booty.  28  miles 
NNW.  Burgos. 

A7}!aya,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  province 
of  Culican.    65  miles  E.  Culiacan. 

Aj/nizors,  a  river  of  Soutli-America,  one 
of  the  lavgeft  in  the  world.  It  runs  a  coiirfe, 
from  v/eft  to  eaft,  of  about  3000  miles,  and 
receives  about  200  other  rivers,  many  of 
which  have  a  courie  of  1500  or  1800  miles, 
and  fome  of  them  not  inferior  to  the  Danube 
or  the  Nile.  The  breadth  of  this  river  at  its 
mouth,  where  it  difcharges  itfelf  by  feveral 
channels  into  the  ocean,  almoft  under  the 
equator,  is  150  miles;  and  1500  miles  from 
its  mouth,  it  is  30  or  40  fathoms  deep.  In 
the  rainy  feafon  it  overflows  its  banks,  and 
waters  and  fertilizes  the  adjacent  country. 

Amazonia,  a  country  of  South-America, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  New  Grenada 
and  Guiana,  on  the  eaft  by  the  Atlantic 
and  Brazil,  on  the  fouth  by  La  Plata,  and  on 
the  well  by  Peru;  400  leagues  in  length, 
and  320  in  breadth;  inhabited  by  Indian 
nations. 

And'a,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  cir- 
car  of  Gohud.     24  miles  NW.  (iohud. 

Amha,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Bcrar. 
25  miles  ENE.  Aurungabad. 

Aniba  B/Jhoi,  a  town  of  Egypt.  2  miles 
S.  Enfeneh. 

Arnha  DorLi,  a  town  of  Abyffinia.  65 
miles  SE.  Ciondar. 

Amha  Kejhem,  a  town  of  Abyllinia.  140 
miles  SE,  Gondar. 

Amha  Legot,  a  town  of  AbyfTinia.  90 
miles  SE.  CJondar. 

Amha  Sa/c'm,  a  town  of  Abyllinia^  3.5 
miles  SSE.  Sire. 

Awhi/  Sanat,  a  town  of  AbylTmia.  60 
miles  SE.  Sire. 

Amha  Sil,-A  town  ofAbyfiinia.  140  miles 
SE.  Clondar. 

Ambacko,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
ifl.ind  ol  Celebes,  in  Tolo  bay.  Long.  121. 
.<;i.  E.  Lat.  2.  20.  S. 

A?nhiigauw,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  iri, 
G'JZerat.     i8  miles  b.  Dunanipour. 


A  M  B 


AM  B 


A^nlajeedurgam,  a  town  of  Hindoo- 
ftan,  in  Mylbre.  15  miles  E.  Chlnna  B.ila- 
barum. 

Amhala,  a  town  of  Cochin,  ao  miles 
NE.  Cranganore. 

Ambary  a  town  of  Karafm.  30  miles 
S.  Urkonje. 

Ambares,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde.  jra.NE.  Bourdeaux. 

Amburpet,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gol- 
conda.     7  miles  E.  Hydrabad. 

Atnburry,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Mai- 
\va.     15  miles  NE.  Bopaltol. 

At?ibaivee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gu- 
zerat.     15  miles  NE.  Chitpour. 

Ajfihazecy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Vienne.  10  miles  NE. 
Limoges. 

Aribcer,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
fubah  of  Agra.     4  miles  N.  Jeypour. 

Ambeezes,  fee  Ambozes. 

Ajtthtli,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Canara. 
30  miles  ESE.  Mangalore. 

Amber.,  fee  Ammcr. 

Amber  Bay,  or  Bay  a  del  Efpir'ifu  SaKfoy 
a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  Honduras,  Long.  88. 
50.  W.    Lat.  19.  42.  N. 

Amberg,a.  town  of  Bavaria,  in  the  Upper 
P;Jatinate,  fituated  on  theVils,  at  the  bottom 
of  a  hill,  defended  with  ditches,  ramparts, 
and  baftions-  Here  is  a  chateau  of  the 
king,  a  cathedral,  a  handfome  collegiate 
churcli,  and  three  convents.  In  a  mountain 
near  the  town  is  an  iron  mine.  In  the  year 
1703,  this  town  was  feized  by  the  Emperor, 
the  eledor  being  put  under  the  ban  of  the 
empire.  In  1743,  it  was  taken  by  the  Aus- 
trians;  it  was  taken  by  the  French  in  the 
campaign  of  1796  ;  and  in  the  iame  year  a 
levere  battle  was  fought  here  between  the 
Auftrians  and  the  French,  in  which,  though 
the  latter  kept  the  field,  they  may  be  faid  to 
have  been  defeated  ;  for  from  that  day  their 
progrefs  was  Hopped,  and  their  retreat  from 
Bavaria  immediately  followed.  32  miles  N. 
Ratift)on,  and  92  N.Munich.  Lo7ig.  11.50. 
E.  Lat.^().  25.  N. 

Ambergrcaje-Key,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
bay  of  Honduras,  near  the  coaft  of  Yucatan. 
Long.  88.  48.  W.  Lat.  18.  50.  N. 

Amber'u'u,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ain.  24  miles  NE.  Lyons, 
4  W.  St.  Rambert.  Long.  5.  26.  E.  Lat. 
45- I5-N. 

Ambert,  a  town  of  Frajice,  and  chief  place 
ofadiftriifl,  in  the  department  ofPuy-de- 
Dome,  lituated  on  the  river  Dore.  20  miles 
E.Jlfoire,  2>o  SE.  Clermont,  Long.  3.  48. 
E.  I.^f.  45.33- N. 

Affibierle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rh6nc  and  Loire.  8  miles 
KW.  Roanne. 

y^wW,  one  ofthefm;illcr  Philippine  lilands, 
with  a  volcano,  1165^  the  iijand  of  Lubaa. 


Amhhrmv,  or  Be/aiv,  one  of  the  Molucca 
Iflands,  about  12  miles  in  circumfercnce- 
2  leagues  S.  Bourro. 

A?id>Ucote,  a  town  of  England,  in  StafFord- 
fiiire,  containing  about  1000  inhabitants.  7 
miles  S.  Wolverhampton. 

Ainbl-ipJe,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Weftmorcland,  near  the  lake  cal- 
led Winander-Meer.  It  has  a  market 
weekly,  held  on  Wodnefday.  Near  it  are 
the  veftiges  of  an  ancient  city,  called  Am- 
boglana,  where  many  Britilli  and  Roman 
antiquities  have  been  found.  In  1801,  the 
number  of  inhabitants  was  538.  13  miles  N. 
Kendal,  and  271  N.London.  J^ong.  3.  3. 
W.  Lat.  54.  27.  N. 

Ambleteufe,  a  feaport  town  of  France,  in 
the  EngliOi  channel,  in  the  department  of 
the  Straits  of  Calais.  James  II.  king  of 
England,  landed  at  this  place  in  1688,  when 
he  left  England,  after  the  arrival  of  the 
Prince  of  Orange.  4  miles  S.  Boulogne* 
Long.  I.  42.  E.  Lat.  50.  48.  N. 

AnihJcve,  a  river  of  France,  which  pafTcs 
by  Stablo,  Malmedv,  &c.  and  runs  into  the 
Ourte,  TO  miles  N.  Durbuy. 

Aniboifa,  a  town  of  Madagafcar,  in  An- 
tongil  bay.     Lq)ig.  50.  5.E.  Lat.  15.30.  S. 

Amborje,  a  town  of  France,  and  principa! 
place  of  a  diltiiv^,  in  the  department  of  tlie 
Indre  and  Loire.  On  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
Loire,  near  this  town,  a  conference  Vv'as  hci  J 
between  Cloviskingof  the  Franks,  and  Ala- 
ric  king  of  the  Goths.  In  1469,  Louis  XI. 
inftiiuted  the  order  of  St.  Michel  at  this 
town.  12  miles  E.  Tours,  18  S*V.  Blois. 
Long.o.  34.  E.  Lat.  47.  21. 

yltnboifac,  a  town  of  Madagafcar,  in- 
Antongil  bay.  Long.  50.  10.  E.  Lat.  15- 
12.  S. 

yhubon,  a  town  of  France  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Morbihan.  9  miles  SE.  Vannes* 

Ambooak,  a  town  of  Bengal,  28  miles  E- 
Burdwan.    i>w/^.  88.  28.E.  Lat.  z^.i:-^^. 

A?Jibooah,^io\jn  of  Bengal.  lomilesSSW. 
Calcutta.    Zw/n^.  88.  21.  E.  L/?/.  22.25.  N- 

Amboong,  a  town  on  the  north-weft  co;rft 
of  the  ifland  of  Borneo.  Long.  116-  24.  %t 
Lat.  6.  16.  N. 

Amboor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bara- 
maul,  at  the  foot  of  the  Eaftern  Gauts, 
where  there  is  a  pafs  to  Muglee.  30  milts 
W.  Arcot.  Long.-^'i.  c,\.Y..  //«/.  12.47. N. 

Amborpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  21  miles 
SSE.  Kiihenagur. 

Aniboten,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Cour- 
land.     24  miles  S.  Goldingen. 

A?Jiboton,  one  of  tlie  fmall  Philippine 
Iflands,  near  the  fouth  coaft  of  Mindanao. 
Long.  iix.  8.  E.    Lat.  12.  15.  N. 

^//vi'v^tir  Emboid,  a  tov.'n  of  Africa,  and 
capital  of  the  "kingdom  of  C^yor.  75  miles 
irom  Cape  de  Vetdc.  Long.  16.  i«.  W. 
Lat'  Jj.  15.  K. 


A  M  B 


A  IV]  B 


AhMule.,  a  town  on  the  fouth-caft  coafl 
of  the  idand  of  Madagafcar.  Long.i^d.  45. 
E.    Z-^/.  2,5.8.  S. 

Anihourncj^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ain.  27  miles  NE.  Lyons, 
and  4  NW.  St.  Ranibert.  Long.  5.  26.  E. 
/.^/.  46.  I.N. 

Ainhoff  or  Perth  Aiuhoy,  a  city  of  United 
America,  in  the  ftate  of  New-York,  and 
county  of  Middlefex,  fituated  on  a  neck  of 
la'.id,  between  Rariton  river,  and  Arthur 
Kuli  Sound  ;  it  lies  open  to  Sandy  Hook,  and 
has  one  of  the  beft  harbours  in  the  United 
i^tatc?.  168  miles  from  New-York,  and  168 
from  Pliiladelphia.  Long.  74.  50.  W.  Lat. 
40.  .•^5.  N. 

Amhopia,ox\t  of  the  Molucca  iflands,  in 
the  Eaflern  Indian  Ocean,  compofed  of  two 
peninfulas,  one  called  Hitoe,  the  other  Ley- 
timor.  The  monfoons  are  exactly  the  con- 
trary here  to  what  they  are  along  the  iflands 
of  Java,  Borneo,  Bali,  Lomboc,  Sumbawa, 
the  weft  coafl  of  Celebes,  &c.  for  v/hen  the 
fouth-eafl  monfoon  prevails  at  thofe  places, 
it  is  accompanied  by  fine,  dry,  and  plealant 
weather,  on  which  account  this  feafon  is 
called  the  p;ood  monfoon  ;  whereas  it  is  then 
ti)c  bad  feafon  at  Amboyna,  Ceram,  Banda, 
the  eafl  coaft  of  Celebes,  and  on  the  coun- 
tries and  feas  lying  between  them  ;  it  then 
rains  almoit  incefi'antly,  accompanied  by 
violent  thunder  and  lightning,  and  fudden 
whirlwinds  ;  but  all  this  ceafcs  and  turns  to 
the  fineil:  weather,  upon  iia^-ing  pafled  the 
Itrait  which  fcparates  Saleyer  from  Celebes. 
Many  rivers  precipitate  themfelves  into  the 
bay  of  Ambovna  from  the  mountains,  tho' 
they  only  defcrve  that  appellation  during 
the  rainy  or  bad  monfoon;  for  in  the  good 
feafon  t«ey  are  mere  rivulets,  and  many  of 
■them  are  nearly  dry.  Minerals  are  not  met 
with  here,  though  fome  of  the  hills  yield 
abundance  of  good  brimffone,  with  which 
their  whole  furtace  is  incruffatcd.  There  is 
one  in  particular,  on  the  peninfula  of  Hitoe, 
which  is  famous  on  that  account,  and  is 
thence  called  Wawani,  or  Biimtlonc-hill. 
"  A  conception  may  be  formed,"  fays  Va- 
lentyn,  "  oi  the  great  plenty  of  timber  trees 
•*it  all  kinds  at  Amboyna,  for  the  conllruc- 
tion  of  ihips  and  houfes,  and  for  the  fmelt 
-iud  niofl  coftly  articles  of  furniture,  from 
..t.'iccircun^HancethatMr.Rumphins,  (autlwr 
0}  the  Moitus  Amboincnfis,)  had  procured  a 
little  cabinet  to  be  made,  which  was  inlaid 
with. nearly  four  hundred  forts  of  only  the 
chdiccll  and  handfomeft  woods;  and  which- 
togcther  v  ith  oiIkt  ciiriohues,  that  g.ntle- 
.ni.m  ftnt  as  a  prtlcnt,  in  the  year  1682,  to 
tiie  great  Duke  of  Tufcany,  Cofmo  the 
Third.  Iftlicn  there  arc  lb  nianv  forts  of 
fine  choice  woods  fit  for  veneering,  how 
many  niuJl  the  common  Ibrts  be!"  He 
particulai  1  y  delci  ibes  agrtat  number,  among 


which  are  feveral  different  fpecies  of  the 
ebony-tree,  the  iron-tree,  the'cafuarina;  the 
wild  clove-tree ;  the  famana-tree,  which  is 
a  baflard  fort  of  teak ;  the  nani-tree,  which 
yields  a  timber  that  is  almoft  imperifhable, 
the  Chinefe  ufe  it  for  anchors  and  rudders, 
it  withffands  all  weathers,  and  yields  but 
flowly  to  the  powerful  agency  of  fire  ;  it  is, 
however,  on  account  of  its  hardnefs,  very 
difficult  to  be  wrought;  the  cajoe-languit 
tree,  which  has  received  the  proud  title  of 
the  tree  of  heaven,  or  of  the  firmament,  as 
it  feems  to  lift  its  lofty  and  fpreading  fum- 
mit  to  the  clouds;  &c.    At  the  conclufion 
of  his  account  of  the  trees  of  Amboyna,  he 
afTures  the  reader  that  the  moft  laborious 
exertion  of  a  long  life  would  not  fuflice  to 
become  acquainted  with  all  the  trees  which 
grow  on  the  lofty  and  woody  mountains, 
the   extenfive  and  inpenetrable   forefls   of 
Amboyna;  and  that  the  vaft  number  which 
he  has   noticed,  fcventy-two  of  which  he 
gives  reprefentations  of,  are  but  a  fmall  por- 
tion_  of  the   whole.     Of  the  produdls  of 
the  country,  confidered  as  articles  of  trade, 
the  firll  rank  is  occupied  by  its  Ifaple  com- 
modity, cloves.     Befides  the  clove,  nutmeg- 
trees  likewife  grow  here  with  tolerable  lux- 
uriance ;    but  they    are  all   deftroyed   by 
orders  of  the  government,  whenever  they 
are  found.     Sago  is  an  article  of  flill  greater 
utility,  if  not  of  profit ;  coffee  likewife  grows 
here  in  flifHcient  luxuriance  to  encourage 
the  Amboynefe   in  the    cultivation   of   it. 
Fruits  and  vegetables  for  food  or  refrefliment 
are  but  fcarce.    The  fliaddock,  which  is  by 
no  means  as  good  as  atBatavia,  a  few  fweot 
oranges,  mangoes,  mangofteens,  the  bilem- 
bing,  and  water-melons,  are  almoft  the  only 
fruits,  and  they  are  not  very  abundant.   The 
few  vegetables  which  grow  here,  require  infi- 
nitely more  attention  in  rearing  them  than 
at  Batavia.    The  woods  are  filled  with  deer 
and  with  wild  hogs,  the  flefh  of  which  ani- 
mals is  almofl  the  only  meat  that  is  eaten 
here.   The  moft  noxious  animals  are  fnakes, 
of  which  there  are  feveral  forts  in  the  woods 
and  fields.     The  Amboynefe  are  of  a  mid- 
dling fize,  rather  thin  than  otherwife  ;  their 
colour  is  nearer  approaching  to  black  than 
to  brown  ;  both  men  and  women  have  regu- 
lar features,  and  among  the  latter  there  are 
very  many  who  are  handfome.    Neither  the 
thick  lips  nor  the  deprcffed  nofes  are  feen 
here.    They  are  indolent  and  effeminate, 
and  both  want  and  violence  prove  but  feeble 
motives  to  incite  them  to  labour.    The  Am- 
boynefe were  in  former  times  idolaters,  but 
the  Javanefe,who  began  to  trade  hitherin  the 
latter  end  of  the  15th  century,  endeavoured 
to  dilfeminatethe  doiffrinesof  Mahomet  herej 
and  tliey  luccceded  lb  well,  that  in  the  year 
15 15,  that  religion  was  generally  received. 
The  Portuguefe  arriving  here  in'  the  meuQ 


AM  B 

time,  endeavoured  likewile  to  make  tlie  Ro- 
man Catholic  religion  agreeable  to  the  inha- 
bitants, and  to  propagate  it  amongil  them  ; 
which  in  particular  took  place,  according  to 
Rumphins,  in  the  year  1532,  on  the  penin- 
fulaof  Leytimor  ;  but  thole  of  Hitoe  have, 
to  the  prefentday,  remained  firmly  attached 
to  tlie  Mahomedan  faith;  whence,  in  contra- 
diftindion  to  theLeytimorefcjtheyare  called 
Moors.  When  the  Dutch  came  to  Amboy- 
na,  and  the  Portuguefe  were  expelled  from 
the  ifland,  the  Proteftant  religion  was  gra- 
dually introduced  ;  yet  the  unpleadng  reiult 
of  thefe  frequent  changes  of  religion,  has 
been,  as  might  naturally  be  expciSted,  that 
from  blind  idolaters  they  have  firll  become 
bad  Roman  Catholics,  and  afterwards  worfe 
Proteftants.  The  inhabitants  of  Ambnyna 
feem,  from  time  immemorial,  never  to  have 
b<.;en  united  vmder  one  head ;  but  as  the  nioft 
ancient  account?  and  traditions  relate,  each 
hegrec  or  village  was  governed  by  its  own 
cliief.  It  is  trtie  there  have  been,  and  there  are 
at prelent, unions  of  fouror  five  negrecsundcr 
one  chief,  but  they  are  the  leaft  m  number: 
among  thefe,  the  principal  is  Nouflanivel, 
whofe  rajah  or  king  has  tliree  other  negrees 
under  his  dominion.  Thefe  chiefs  are  dis- 
tinguiflred  into  three  ciafies,  or  ranks;  thus 
there  are  rajahs  or  kings;  pattis,  who  may  be 
laid  to  be  dukes  or  earls;  and  oran  cayos, 
which  flgnifies  as  much  as  rich  men.  Their 
chiefs,  however,  do  not  poirefs  an  abfblute 
authority;  every  negree  has  given  a  council 
to  their  chief,  confiiling  of  the  oldclt  and 
moll  refpedable  men  of  the  village,  who  are 
called  oran  touas,  that  is,  elders ;  and  the 
rajah  patti,  or  oran  cayo,  of  the  negree  is 
bnimd  to  confult  with  them  at  the  caleeuw, 
or  council-hali,  on  all  the  concerns  of  the 
community.  Befides  feveral  little  fervices 
which  the  common  people  are  obliged  to 
perform  for  thefe  chiefs,  the  lafl  have  like- 
wife  an  income  proceeding  from  the  crops 
of  cloves,  which  the  Dutch  Eaft-India  Com- 
pany have  bellowed  upon  them  ;  the  Com- 
pany pay  for  every  bhar  of  55c  lbs.  weight 
of  cloves,  56  rix-dollars,  or  154  gilders,  and 
8  ftivers ;  but  of  this  the  planters  receive 
only  51  rix-dollars,  the  rertvaining  five  being 
divided  among  the  village  chiefs,  three  being 
allotted  to  the  rajah,  patti,  or  oran  cayo, 
one  and  a  half  to  the  oran  touas  or  elders, 
and  one-half  rix-dollar  to  the  marinhcs.  The 
Chinefe  who  frequent  this  ifland  are  fev/, 
and  dwell  in  a  ftreet  at  Amboyna,  which  is 
called  after  them,  where  they  keep  their 
fhops  with  all  forts  of  provifions,  &c.  for 
fale.  There  are  ftill  many  defccndunts  of 
the  Portuguefe  here,  who,  when  their  coun- 
trymen were  forced  to  give  up  the  dominion 
of  the  ifland,  chofe  to  remain  under  the  go- 
vernm.ent  of  the  Dutch.  The  principal  Am- 
boynefe    Chriitiaos  ilUi   bew  Portuguefe 


A  M  B 

names,  which  their  anceftors  received  :-.t 
th  ;ir  baptifm  ;  but  the  Portugele  language  is 
lefs  fpoken  here  than  in  any  other  part  of 
In1i;i,  and  tlie  number  of  the  above-men- 
tioned defcendants  of  Portuguefe  is  net 
large.  The  Dutch,  who,  in  the  year  i6oj-, 
under  the  command  of  their  Admiral  Ste- 
phcnVander  Hagen,  took  the  caftle  of-Vi£lo- 
riLi,  which  was  the  chief  fettlement  of  the 
Portuguefe  upon  the  ifland,  are  novv*  here 
abfolute  maltcrs.  The  common  Europeans, 
both  ioldiers  and  meclianics,  have  very  little 
opportunity  of  earning  any  money  here-, 
;ind  their  pay  affords  them  little  elle  than 
fago,  and  at  mofl  rice,  with  a  little  tifh,  for 
food;  and  water,  fwgwire,  or  arrack,  for 
drink.  The  foldiers  make  a  very  fliahby 
appearance;  their  uniform  is  made  of  blue  * 
linen,  and  hangs  in  tatters  about  tliem,  with- 
out fhocs  or  llockings,  excepting  indeed 
the  body-guards  of  the  governor;  they  at- 
tend the  parade  barefooted  and  are  badly 
difciplined:  to  this  pifture  may  be  added, 
an  unhealthy,  dropfical,  and  feeble  habit  of 
body,  oocaiioned  by  the  immoderate  ufe  of 
fagwire,  to  which  too  is  attributed  the  cir- 
cumflance  of  their  all  having  fwoln  .md  ul- 
cerated legs  ;  though  t!us  latter  complaint  is 
as  nk  among  the  failors  and  mechanics,  us 
among  the  military:  their  number  is  ntver 
complete,  notwithilanding  the  flippiies  that 
are  lent  every  year  from  Batavia.  There 
are  very  few  women  here  born  of  European 
fathers  and  mothers;  but  there  are  a  great 
number  of  a  mixed  race,  as  many  Europeans 
take  Indian  women  for  concubines,  whole 
children  are  afterwards  legitimated  and  in- 
corporated into  the  European  nation.  At 
Am.bovna,  the  children  of  European  fathers 
and  Indian  mothers  are  called  Mixtices, 
who  are  of  an  olive  complexion  ;  the  chil- 
dren of  a  Mixtice  and  an  European  are 
called  Poeflices;  andthofeof  a  Poefticeand 
an  European  are  Caftices,  who  are  nearly 
as  fair  as  Europeans;  after  which  no  dillinc- 
tion  is  m.ade,  but  the  children  proceeding 
from  farther  unions  are  reckoned  among  the 
Europeans.  The  chief,  if  not  the  fole  advan- 
tage derived  to  the  Company  from  the  pof- 
fellion  of  Amboyna  and  its  dependencies  is 
the  solledion  of  cloves,  and  the  mafliery  of 
this  article  to  the  excluflon  of  all  other 
nations,  bv  v/hich  they  are  enabled  at  piea- 
fure  to  raife  or  lower  the  pricS.'  This  gave 
rife,  at  an  early  period  after  the  cbnquell  of 
the  ifland,  to  much  jealoufyand  animofity 
betv/een  the  Dutch  and  the  EngliiTi,  and 
thefe  difputes  did  not  terminate  with  the  ex- 
puHion  of  the  latter  fromthe  ifland,  but  were 
made  a  pretence  many  years  ufterwards  for 
declaring  war  againft  the  Republic ;  they 
v.ere  not  fin:i!ly  fettled  tillthe  conclufion  of 
the  peace  of  Breda,  in  the  year  1667.  The 
Corftpany  would  not,  howtverj  have  fuc- 


A  M  B 

reeded  in  Securing  to  themfelves  the  exclu- 
five  trade  in  this  fpice,  which  is  fpontane- 
ouflv  produced  in  ail  the  adjacent  Molucca 
ifiands,  had  they  not  endeavoured  wholly 
to  transfer  and  confine  the  cultivation  of  it 
to  Ambovna;  partly  by  Ibbduing  the  princes 
of  thoie  ifiands  by  force  of  arms,  and  pre- 
fcribing  to  tlicm  fucii  conditions  of  peace 
as  they  found  convenient,  the  principal^  of 
Avhich  had  relation  to  the  clove  trade,  efpe- 
ciallywith  refpeft  to  the  kings  of  Ternate, 
Tidore,  Machian,  and  Bachian,  compelling 
them  not  to  fell  any  cloves  produced  in  their 
dominions  to  any  other  nation  ;  and  partly 
Iw  forcing  them,  about  the  middle  of  the 
laft  century,  to  deftroy  all  the  clove  trees 
which  grew  in  their  territories,  for  which 
they  were  to  receive  an  equivalent  in  money. 
In  17-6  and  1777,  the  whole  ertabliinment 
-dt  Ambovna  cciiiiited  of  52  in  civil  emplov- 
metits,  .T  clergymen,  28  lurgeons  and  afiift- 
ants,  4^  belonging  to  the  artillery,  174  fea- 
nicn  an«.l  marines,  65  7foldicrs,  and  iii  me- 
chanics, in  all  107 1  Europeans,  belides  59 
natives  in  the  Company's  fevvicc.  This 
iiland  v/as  taken  by  the  Engliih,  under  the 
command  of  Rear-Admiral  Rainier,  on  Fe- 
bruary the  16th,  1796.  In  thetreafury  were 
found  81,112  rix-dollars,  snd  among  the 
fiorcs  515,940  pounds  weight  of  cloves. 
J^o??^.  12S.  30.  E.  Jjat.  3.  30.  S. 

A7^!hcs7i(!  1  a  town  and  capital  of  the  iiland 
{o  called,  lituated  on  the  r.crth-wcft  coaft 
of  Levtimor,  orfouthtrn  peninlula  :  it  forms 
an  oblong  fquare,  about  300  rods  in  length 
and  100  in  breadth  ;  the  llreets  crofs  each 
other  at  ri^ht  angles.  Of  the  public  build- 
ings, the  Dutch  and  Malay  churches  were 
both  much  damaged  and  nearly  deftroyed 
by  a  violent  earthquake  in  the  year  1755, 
the  former  in  fo  far  that  it  was  forced  to  be 
pulled  down,  in  order  to  be  entirely  rebuilt. 
'J'he  houic  of  the  governor,  which  was  for- 
merly the  Company's  cloth  warehoufe,  and 
is  ftill  known  by  that  name  in  their  books, 
has  not  much  to  recommend  it ;  its  appear- 
nnce  is  mean,  and  there  are  few,  and  thofe 
very  indifferent,  rooms  in  it.  The  houfes 
are  in  general  of  one  llory,  many  oftliem 
are  built  of  wood,  and  almofl  all  are  co\ered 
with  a  tap  ;  this  mode  of  building  is  adopted, 
becaiife  of  the  dreadful  and  frequent  earth- 
quakes to  which  this  country  is  fubjecft.  The 
houfes  are  commodious  enough,  according  to 
the  cuUom  of  the  country,  but  have  not  a 
very  ck-Kant  appearance.  Inl>ead  of  glafs, 
hames  of  matted  cane  are  ul'ed  for  the  fake 
ot  air,  and  likewife  to  five  expencc.  The 
chief  if  not  the  only  fortrefs  which  the 
Company  have  at  Amhoyna,  is  the  cafklc  or 
loit  ;  which,  after  it  was  rebuilt,  was  called 
Ni  w  Vi^ftoria,  as  the  old  ibrt  io  called,  which 
had  been  1  recfled  by  the  Portuguefe,  being 
au  ublong  fc^uare,  with  four  baltions,  was  io 


A  M  B 

much  damaged  by  the  earthquake  of  the 
year  1755,  that  it  was  tl:ought  more  eligible 
X.V  build  an  entire  new  fort,  than  to  repair  the 
old  one.  It  itands  clofe  to  the  water  fide, 
exadlly  oppofite  the  road  where  (hips  com- 
monly lie  at  anchor. 

Amhozest  three  round  iilands  in  the  At- 
lantic, near  the  coaft  of  Africa,  which  give 
name  to  a  country  on  the  continent  of  Lean- 
go.  At  a  dillance  they  appear  like  rocks, 
yet  are  populous  and  fertile,  and  the  fur- 
rounding  fca  yields  plenty  cf  fifh.  The 
inhabitants  form  a  kind  of  democracy,  and 
chiefly  live  by  incurfions  on  their  neigh- 
bours. That  part  of  the  continent  called 
Ambozes,  is  a  mountainous  trad  between 
the  rivers  Real  and  Camerones;  the  foil  is 
fertile,  and  yields  moit  of  the  produftions  of 
Guinea,  except  the  palm,  which  however 
flouriflies  in  the  ifiands.  Lat.  4.  15.  N. 

Amhras,  or  0:nras,  a  town  of  the  coun- 
try of  Tyrol.    4  miles  E.  Innfpnick. 

Amlravetty,  a  river  of  Hindbollan,  which 
rifes  8  miles  SE.  Coimbetore,  and  runs  into 
the  Cauvery,  8  miles  ENE.  Caroor. 

Anihrejiury,  or  Awejliiry,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  of  Wilts,  built  on  the  fpot 
where  a  number  of  Britons  were  treache- 
roufly  murdered  by  Hcngifl:  the  Saxon. 
In  the  reign  of  Edgar,  a  fynod  was  held 
here  ;  and  in  the  year  995,  Elfrid  was  here 
eleded  archbifhop  of  Canterbury.  A  mo- 
naftery  is  faid  alfo  to  have  been  founded  in 
this  place  for  300  monks,  in  the  time  of  the 
Britons,  by  one  Ambrius,  an  abbot,  or  by 
Aurelianus  Ambrolius,  vv'hich  was  deflroyed 
by  Gurmund,  or  Ceaulin.  In  the  year  980, 
Alfrida  or  Ethclfrida,  widow  of  king  Edgar, 
founded  a  convent  of  Benedidine  nuns,  in 
\yhich  Eleanor,  queen  of  Henry  II.  was  bu- 
ried. Here  is  a  fine  feat  belonging  to  the 
Duke  of  Queenfberry,  granted  to  fome 
French  nun.,  about  the  year  1795.  The 
celebrated  Mr.  Addifon  was  a  native  of  this 
place.  Not  far  from  Ambreflniry  is  a  Ro- 
man camp,  the  eafl  fide  800  paces  in  length, 
and  the  weft  280,  defended  on  both  fides  by 
the  Avon;  the  area  about  forty  acres.  In 
1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  721. 
7  miles  S.  Salifbury,  78  W.  London.  Long. 
1.46.W.  Z«/.  51.  lo.N. 

Ambrieres,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de-. 
partment  of  Mayenne.  6  miles  N.  Mayenne, 
and  4  WSW.  Laffay.  Loig.  o.  31.  W. 
Lat.  48.  24.  N. 

Ambrisy  or  Anibrijl,  a  river  of  Africa, 
which  rifes  in  Congo,  and  runs  into  the 
Atlantic,  fouth  of  the  Zaire,  Lat.  7.  40.  S. 

yhnbrojis,  a  clufter  of  fmall  ifiands  in  the 
Spanifli  ijiiain,  near  the  coafl  of  Daricn. 
Long.  77.  50.  W.    Lat.  8.  58.  N. 

yli;ihru>i,  fee  Emhrnn. 

Ai)ihrym,  one  of  the  newHebndes  ifiands, 
io  tlie  South  Pacific  Ocean,  about  jo  miles 


.  A  M  E 

}ri  circumference.    Long.  i68.  12.  E.  Lht. 
16.  10.  S. 

yl'ubs,  fee  Ahenfs. 

Amchitchr,  one  of  the  Fox  iflands,  In  the 
T>Jorth  Pacific   Ocean.     Long.  178.  i4"  £• 

yl!ueapah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnal ic.     i%  miles  E.  Tanjore. 

j4mec a, 2.  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  province 
of  Guadalajara.    40  miles  SW.  Guadalajara. 

Amcd^  or  Aniida,  fee  Diarhekir. 

Ariicdahiid,  a  city  of  Hindcioftan,'  and 
capital  of  the  Mahratta  country  of  Guzerat, 
on  the  river  Mehindry,  which  Is  navigable 
to  the  gulf  of  Cambay.  It  was  anciently  a 
magnificent  city,  and  celebrated  for  its  vaft 
commerce  in  iilk,  velvets,  tapeftrles,  and 
feveral  other  productions  of  India.  It  was 
founded  by  Tatar  Ahmed,  one  of  fourteen 
Mahometan  princes,  fucceffors  to  liiltan 
Mahomet.  The  mofque  and  tomb  of  the 
founder  are  built  of  ftone  and  marble,  the 
laft  of  exqulfite  workmanflilp.  The  walls 
of  the  citv  are  yet  remaining,  they  are  fix 
miles  in  circumference,  and  contain  twelve 
gates.  At  this  time  not  a  quarter  of  the 
fpace  within  the  walls  is  inhabited,  and  no- 
thing but  the  veftiges  of  the  fuburbs  are  to 
be  feen.  In  the  year  1780,  it  was  attacked 
bv  the  Britlfh  under  General  Goddard,  and 
after  a  vigorous  refiftance,  taken  by  ftorm. 
108  miles  N.  Surat,  and  200  SW.  Aglmere. 
Lo!/g.  72.  40. E.  Lat.  %T,.  N. 

Aviednagiir,  a  country  or  fubah  of  Hin- 
dooftan,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Candeifli 
and  Malwa,  on  the  well  by  the  Gatte  or 
Ealiagat  mountains,  on  the  fouth  by  Beja- 
pour  or  Vifiapour  and  Tellingana,  and  on 
the  call:  by  the  province  of  Berar. 

Amednagur,  a  city  of  HIndooftan,  and 
capital  ot  a  province  or  fubah  of  the  lame 
name,  fituated  at  the  foot  of  the  Balagat 
mountains.  In  1600,  this  city  was  taken  by 
Acbar;  and  in  1707,  the  celebra^icd  Aurun- 
zeb  died  here  :  in  Auguff  i8c.^,  it  was  taken 
by  the  Britlili.  105  miles  NNW.  Viilapour, 
and  62,  NE.  Poonah.  Long.  74.  52.  E. 
Z.?/.  17.6.  N. 

Amccnahad,  or  Ajninahad,  a  tov/n  of  HIn- 
dooftan, in  the  county  of  Lahore.  30  miles 
N.Lahore.  Z-5«^.  73.40.  E.  Z^:?/.  32.10.  N. 

yiniedpour,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in 
OrlfTa.     34  miles  S.  Cattack. 

Avidra,  a  town  of  Portugal,  In  Eftrama- 
dura.     15  miles  N.  Thomar. 

Am-Eis,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Carin- 
..thia,  on  the  Drave.  5  m.  WSW.  Lavamund. 

Auiclandi,  an  ifland  in  the  German  Ocean, 
about  6  miles  N.  from  the  main  land  of  Fries- 
land,  12  miles  long,  and  3  wide.  Long.  6. 
12.  E.  Lat.  sz-  30.  N. 

Amelhuren^  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifhoprick  of  Munfter.  6  miles  S.  Munfter. 
,   A-nielta,  a  county  of  Virginia,  in  Nyrth- 

VOL.I 


A  iM  E 

America,  which  furnlihed  1115  men  to  tha 
national  militia. 

Amelia.,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  In  the 
dutchy  of  Spoleto,  fituated  on  a  mountain 
betv/een  the  Nera  and  the  Tiber;  the  fee  of 
a  biiliop,  held  immediately  from  the  Pope. 
14  miles  S.  Todi,  and  18  SSW.  Spoleto. 
Lcn^.  13.  19:  E.  Lat.  42.  ^S-  N. 

Amelia,  a  town  of  Virginia,  28  miles  SW. 
Richmond.  Long.  78.  13.  W.  Lat.  37. 
22.  N. 

_  Amelia,  a  town  of  South-Carolina,  on  a 
river  which  runs  into  the  Santa.  30  m.  SE. 
Columbia.  LoTig.  80.  40.  W.  Lat.  33.38. N. 

AiKcndolaia,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.  %  miles  W.  Bova. 

Aviendolara,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Cala- 
bria Citra.    14  miles  NE.  Cailano. 

Avienehurg,  a  town  of  Upper  Hefie.  5 
miles  ESE.  Marpurg,  and  48  NNE.  Mentz. 

Anieny,  one  of  the  Laccadlve  iflands,  fitu- 
ated In  die  Indian  Sea.  Long.  yz.  30.  E. 
Lat.  II.  37.  N. 

An/er,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  runs 
into  the  Neckar,  two  miles  E.  Tubingen. 

An/er,  a  town  or  Spain,  in  Catalonia.  10 
miles  W.  Gerona. 

A?nerga,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs 
into  the  Aldan,  Long.  135.  14.  E.  Lat, 
62. 10.  N. 

Anieria,  a  tov^'n  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Na- 
tolla.  72  miles  E.Kutaja.  Long.  33.  14.  E. 
Lat.  39.  25.  N. 

America,  the  largeft  grand  divlfion  of  the 
known  world,  bounded,  as  far  as  yet  has 
been  difcovered,  on  all  fides  by  the  ocean, 
and  extends  from  the  80th  degree  of  north 
latitude  to  the  56th  fouth,  and  from  the  35th 
to  136th  weft  longitude  from  Greenwich.  It 
is  divided  into  NortJi  and  South-America, 
united  by  an  ifthmus,  called  the  ifthmus  oi 
Daricn,  which  in  the  narroweft  part  is 
fcarcely  fixty  mOcs  acrofs,  about  the  feventli 
degree  of  north  latitude.  North-Amcrici 
comprehends  the  countries  of  Labrador  or 
New-Britain,  Canada,  Nova-Scotia,  the  Uni- 
ted States,  Louifiana,  Mexico,  New-Mexico, 
and  California,  with  the  iflands  of  Nev/found- 
land.  Cape  Breton,  St.  John,  the  Bermudas, 
the  Bahama,  and  the  Weif-India  iflands. 
South-America  is  divided  into  New  Grenada, 
Terra  Firma,  Guiana,  Amazonia,  Brazil, 
Paraguay,  Patagonia,  Chili,  and  Peru.  To 
Chriftopher  Columbus  Europe  is  indebted 
for  a  difcovery,  v/hicli  has  been  the  fource 
of  fo  much  riches  and  commerce.  His  firil 
voyage  was  in  1491.  Ncvcnhelefs  it  re- 
ceived its  name  from  Amei  icus  Vcfpucii.s,  a 
Florentine,  who  difcovered  the  continent 
fouth  of  the  line,  in  1497.  Under  the  fame 
latitude  the  cold  of  America  is  much  greater 
than  in  the  countries  of  Europe  ;  it  i&almoft; 
inlupportiibic  in  Labrador,  though  under  ihc 
fame  latitude  as  EngUpd  ;  it  is  much  greater 
G 


AM  E 

in  Canada  than  Prance,  which  is  not  farther 
from  the  pole ;  and  the  winter  of  Pennfylva- 
Tlia  is  much  more  fevere  than  that  of  Por- 
tugal,  though    under  the    fame    climate, 
Korth- America  contains  few  mountains;  in 
the  countries  beft  known,  the  Apalachian  or 
Allegany  are  the  chief;  but  in  South-Ame- 
rica, the  mountains  called  Andes,  or  Corde- 
lieres,  furpafs,  both  in   extent  and  height, 
thofe  of  the  other  parts  of  the  globe  ;  their 
length  from  the  Ifthmus  of  Darien  to  the 
Straits  of  Magellan,  is  not  lefs  than   1500 
leagues,  dividing  the  whole  of  South-Ame- 
rica into  eaft  and  weft ;   and  their  greateft 
height  20,608  feet  above  the  level  of  the  fea. 
The  rivers  Mifliffippi,  Ohio,  Oubache,  Hud- 
fon,Delawar,  Penobfcot,  St.  Lawrence,  and 
others  equal  to  the  Danube  or  the  Rhine, 
have  tlieir  fource  in  North- America.    In 
South-America  are  two  of  the  largeft  rivers 
in  the  world,  the  Amazons,  and  La  Plata,  be- 
fides  the  Oroonoko,  Para,  Uraguay,  and  many 
others.    Some  of  the  lakes  of  North-Ame- 
rica may  be  called  feas  of  frc(h  water.    A 
continent  fo  vaft  muft  naturally  be  various  in 
its  foil  and  productions.    In  the  mofl  nor- 
thern and  moft  fouthern  parts  the  countries 
are  cold,  fterile,  and  defert;  while  in  the 
center  Nature  feems  to  have  amaffed  her 
treafures ;  here  are  found  the  richeft  metals, 
minerals,  medicinal  plants,  fruits,  and  trees, 
known  no  where  elfe ;  diamonds,  pearls, 
emeralds,    amethifts,    and    other  precious 
ftones,  are  produced  in  fuch  abundance  as 
to  leffeo  their  value ;  with  other  articles  of 
inferior  price,  but  more  utility,  as  cochineal, 
indigo,  falt-petre;  logwood,  mahogany, and 
other  taluable  woods;  pimento,  rice,  ginger, 
cotton,  medicinal  balfams,   Peruvian  bark, 
niechoacan,faflafras,  tamarinds,  calTia, tobac- 
co, furs,  amber,  and  many  roots  and  plants 
unknown  before  the  difcovery  of  this  new 
world.     In  the  midft  of  this  abundance, 
America  wanted  a  great  many  things  ufeful 
and  ncccflary.  The  Europeans  found  neither 
corn,  wine,  nor  oil^  the  inhabitants,  for  the 
moft  part,  ate  only  roots  and  fruits;  their 
only  drink  water;  they  had  neither  flieep, 
goats,  cows,  affes,  or  horfes.    The  infects 
•re  numerous  and  ofTenfive;  their  reptiles, 
many  of  them  venomous,  and  their  bite  mor- 
t;il.    The  birds  of  America  are  faid  to  be 
kfs  beautiful  than  thofe  of  Afia  and  Africa, 
but  their  notes  are  more  melodious  and  more 
varied.    The  feas,  the  lakes,  and  the  rivers, 
are  remarkable  for  the  variety  and  number 
of  their  lifh.    The  native  Americans  in  gene- 
ral are  of  a  copper  colour,  their  hair  black, 
thick,   long,  and  without  curl ;  in   ftaturc, 
till,  ftrais  and  well  proportioned;    their 
vilUgc  broail,  and  features  regular,  but  often 
di^lipured  by  the  means  they  ufe  to  appear 
morp  beautiful  or  more  terrible ;  their  vices 
are  inWniibiiit)',  h^udiids  of  hcait,  aad lore 


A  M  H 

of  revenge ;  their  virtues  are  courage,  at-- 
tachment  to  their  country,  and  a  conftant 
fentiment,  which  renders  them  always  con- 
tented with  their  condition  ;  their  principal 
enjoyments  feemto  be  dancing,  gaming,  and 
drinking.  Subordination  feems  very  imper- 
fevft;  their  chiefs  have  little  authority,  efpe- 
cially  in  peace ;  wars  are  frequent;  and  their 
fpirit  of  revenge  makes  them  often  commit 
atrocious  actions.  From  this  general  defcrip- 
tion  of  the  American  natives,  we  muft,  how- 
ever, except  the  two  empires  of  Mexico  and 
Peru.  As  to  their  religion,  they  all  feem 
more  or  lefs  to  have  an  idea  of  k  fuperior 
and  invifible  being,  and  a  future  ftate.  If 
this,  however,  be  the  charafter  of  the  unedu- 
cated Indians,  Europe  has,  from  her  cities, 
furnifhed  colonies,  fome  of  which  have,  and 
the  reft  in  time  will,  become  independent 
ftates;  and  rival,  if  not  excel,  the  old  world 
in  commerce  and  in  arts;  but  thefe  times 
cannot  probably  be  near. 

Amerongetiy  a  town  of  Holland,  in  the 
ftate  of  Utrecht.  In  1672,  it  was  burntby 
the  French,  but  afterwards  rebuilt.  1 4  miles 
ESE.  Utrecht. 

Avierpoiir^  a  town  of  Afia,  in  the  country 
of  Morung.  no  miles  NE,  Patna.  Longi, 
87.  a.  E.    Lat.  16.  37.  N. 

Amerpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  5  miles  S, 
Noony. 

A7tierfchtay  or  Aviafia,  a  defert  of  Ara- 
bia, in  the  province  of  Hedjaz,  north  of 
Yemen. 

Amsrsfort,  a  town  of  Holland,  in  the  ftate 
of  Utrecht,  on  the  Embs.  After  the  death 
of  William  III.  king  of  England,  the  popu- 
lace rofe  againft  the  magiftrates,  dcpofed 
them,  and  eleded  new  ones  The  States- 
General  fent  deputies  to  reduce  them  to 
obedience,  but  met  with  little  fuccefs,  till 
they  fent  troops  and  artillery;  they  made 
fome  examples,  and  one  of  the  new  burgO- 
matters,  the  chief  author  of  the  inftirredion, 
was  hanged.  In  1672  and  1795,  Amersfort 
was  taken  by  the  French.  3s  miles  SSE. 
Amfterdam,  and  16  N.  Utrecht.  Long.  5. 
4.  E.   Lat.  $1.  IS.  N. 

Amerjham^  fee  Agmondcjlmyn. 
An:etz,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mofclle.  9  miles  WNW.  Thion- 
ville,  and  o  SE.  Longwy. 

Avicville,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  valley 
of  Aofta,  near  the  Doria.    ^  miles  W.  Aofta. 
Amgiuftiaia,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Rullia, 
on  the  Amga.     100  miles  SE.  Yakutlk. 

Ayngovg,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.    30  miles  E.  Oudighir. 

Aj?:hara,  a  country  of  Abvllinia,  divided 
into  36  diftri»fls.  In  it  are  difcovered  mines 
of  copper,  tin,  and  lead. 

Ainhcrjl  IJIatiJ,  a  fniall  ifland  at  the  eaft- 
ern  end  of  Lake  Ontario.  L<^t?^.  77.  W. 
L<^f.  44.  6.  N. 


AMI 

Amherjl.,  one  of  the  Magdalen  iflands  in 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Long.  6i.  30. W. 
Lat.  46.  15.  N. 

ArnherJ},  a  county  of  Virginia.  It  fent 
869  men  to  the  national  militia. 

A?riherJ!,  a  town  of  New  Hampfhire.  a» 
miles  S.  Concord. 

Amherjl,  a  town  of  Virginia.  75  miles  W. 
Richmond.  Lon^.jff.i^.W.  /,<?/.  3 7.40. N. 

Amice,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  eaft  coaft  of  Africa.    Lat.  10.  35.  S. 

AmicuUurgam,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.     I »  miles  NW.  Bangalore. 

Ainida,  fee  Diarbekir. 

Amiens,  a  city  of  France,  and  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Somme.  Before  the 
resolution,  it  was  the  capital  of  Picardy,  the 
fee  of  a  bifhop,  fufFragan  of  the  archbilhop 
of  Rheims.  The  origin  of  this  city  is  un- 
Jcnown ;  it  was  anciently  called  Samorabriva, 
Samorabriga,  and  Ambianum,  (ah  ainbienti- 
itisaquis,)  being  fituated  on  (everal  branches 
of  the  Somme,  which  run  through  it.  In 
the  year  1597,  this  city  was  taken  by  the 
Spaniards;  fome  foldiers  were  fent  from  the 
governor  of  Dourlens,  in  the  difguife  of  pea- 
fants  going  to  fell  fruit,  and  gained  admit- 
tance on  Sunday  March  loth;  being  foon 
followed  by  other  troops,  the  city  furren- 
dered.  It  was  foon  after  befieged  and  re- 
taken by  theFrench,  afTiftedbyfomeEnglifh, 
under  the  command  of  General  Biron.  The 
definitive  treaty  of  peace  between  England 
and  France,  including  Spain  andtheBatavian 
republic,  was  figned  here  in  March  i8oa. 
Peter  the  hermit,  who  preached  the  crufades, 
Jean  Riolan,  a  celebrated  phyfician,  and 
Rohault,  the  philofopher  and  mathemati- 
cian, were  of  this  place.  106  miles  S.  Calais, 
90  N.Paris.  Long.i.xi.'i..  Z<^/.  49.53. N. 

AniilgancOf  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Tucuman.     20  m.  N.  Rioja. 
^  Aminadab,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
tince  of  Chufiftan.     6  miles  N.  Jezdciift. 

A^ninahad,  fee  Ameenabad. 

Aminagtir,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  circar 
ofMidnapour.     43  miles  NW.  Mirlnrpour. 

Aminaigpollaju,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.     ao  miles  W.  Tritchinopoly. 

Aminagunge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.     14  miles  S.  Fyzabad. 

Avimfto,  a  town  of  Sv/eden,  in  Anger- 
manland.     54  miles  N.  Hernofand. 

_  Ainirahad,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Chittigong.    14  m.  SSE.  Iflamabad. 

Amirnnte  Bay,  a  gulf  or  bay  on  the  north 
coaft  of  thelfthmus  of  Dar!en,in  the  province 
ofVeragua,    /,5«^  82.30.  W.  Lat.cj.  s."^. 

Ainirpour,^  to^n  of  Hindooftan  in  Oude. 
10  miles  S.  Lucknow. 

Amiftonves,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Konigingratz.  10  m.  WSW.  Biezow. 

Amiterno,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra,  Id  ruins.    4  loiJes  N.  Aquila. 


A  MM 

Ami  fur,  a  town  of  Con  can.  38  mil  to 
N.  Gheriah. 

Aimfty,  a  town  of  Hindooftah,  in  Oude. 
18  miles  SE.  Lucknow.  Long.  81.  2,1.  £♦ 
Lat.  lb.  40.  N. 

Amitiir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Allahabad.     16  nnles  N.  Jionpour. 

Aviierra,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Malwa. 
ZS  miles  ESE.  Manfwarah. 

Amlah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dowla- 
tabad.     28  miles  SW.  Amcdnagur. 

Amlav,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  tha 
ifland  of  Panay.  Long.  122.  ^S- ^'  Lat, 
II,  10.  N. 

Amlech,zx.ovin  of  Germany,  in  tiie  countf 
of  Pludcntz,  on  the  Lech,  near  its  fource, 
9  miles  ENE.  Pludentz. 

Ajniiak,  one  of  the  Fox  iflands,  in  the- 
North  Pacific  Ocean.  Lotig.  iSj.  14.  E, 
Lat.  s^;.  30.  N, 

Amlivch,  a  fcaport  town  of  North- Wales, 
in  the  north-eaft  corner  of  Anglef  y,  origi- 
nally nothing  more  than  a  fmall  fifliing-town;- 
its  prefent  confequenpe  arifcs  entirely  from 
the  connexion  it  has  with  the  great  copper- 
mines  in  its  neighbou.liood,  which  have 
within  forty  years  increafcd  its  population 
from  200  to  5CC0.  Of  thefe,  by  far  the 
greater  part  confifts  of  the  families  of  the 
workmen  employed  in  the  mountain  and 
fmelting-houi'es,  who  amount  to  about  1300. 
The  port  of  Amlwch  is  an  excavation  out  of 
the  foiid  rock,  fufficiently  large  to  riceive 
thirty  veflrls  of  200  tons  burthen,  made  at 
the  expence  of  the  Anglefea  Copper  Com- 
panies, for  the  convenience  of  their  ihipping. 
At  high  water,  vefl'els  of  the  above-men- 
tioned tonnage  can  lie  clofe  to  the  quay,  and 
receive  the  ore  or  metal  for  exportation, 
but  when  the  ebb  takes  place,  the  port  is 
dry.  Tl  e  Pc^ris  mountain,  which  meafures 
a  mile  in  length,  and  half  a  mile  over,  rifes 
to  the  fouth-eaft  of  the  town,  at  fomething 
lefs  than  two  miles  from  it.  Its  appearance 
is  wafte,  wild,  and  barren  in  the  extreme ; 
not  a  ve.^igeof  green  is  fecn  on  its  parchecl 
and  fcarified  furface,  all  vegetation  being 
precluded  by  the  faJphurcous  fumes  which 
adfe  from  thercafting  heaps  and  I'melting- 
hcufes,  and  extend  their  deftrudtive  efieifts 
for  miles  around.  The  number  of  inhabi- 
tants, in  1801,  was  4977. 

Atnman,  a  town  of  Paleftine,  anciently 
the  capital  of  the  Ammonites,  cal'ed  ia 
fcripture  Rabbah  Ammon,  before  which 
Uriah  loft  his  life  in  the  fiege,  when  it  wa'^ 
taken  by  Jcab.  In  profane  hiftory  it  was 
called  Philadelphia.  In  t!ie  reign  of  Hera- 
clius,  the  governor  of  this  pliicc  lent  a  veft: 
and  other  magnificent  prcfcnts  to  Maiiomet, 
for  which  he  was  crucified  by  the  emperor's 
orders.  It  is  now  the  principal  place  of  a 
dtftrid.  52  miles  ENE»  Jerulklem,  ■^**Jf- 
36.  j;.  E.  Ltat.  i\,  is^  K. 


A  M  O 

'  '  Am^mro^  a  whti  of  Japan,  in  die  iflaiid 
6{  Niphon.   40  """i'^^  SW.  Ofara. 

Ainmcr,  or  J^nher,  a  river  of  Bavaria, 
which  rifes  on  the  borders  ot  Tyro!,  and 
runs  into  the  Ifer,  near  Mofburg.  In  its 
progrcfs  the  water  fpreads,  and  about  5 
miles  north  of  Weilhaim,  forms  a  confider- 
able  lake  called  Ammerfee. 

jm?ner,  a  mountain  of  Atnca,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Algiers,  which  gave  q^me  to  a  tribe 
of  Arabs,  eall  of  Oran. 

Ammercoti  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  iitua- 
ted  on  the  Cagger,  in  a  fandy  defcrt,  138 
miles  NE.  NufTerpour,  and  %sb  S.  Moultan. 
i,oǤ-.  70.  E.  -L^^  25.  40.  N. 

Amimren,  a  town  ot  France,  in  the  de- 

pirtment  of  the  Lower   Meui5,  late  in  the 

dutchy  of  Juliers.  6  miles  ENE.  Ruremor,d. 

A}nmerfee,2L\'^V.t  of  Bavaria,  twelve  miles 

long,  and  three  broad.    18  m.  SW.  Munich. 

Afumerfpach,  a  river  of  Auftria,  which 

.runs,  into  the  Erlebach,  near  the  Erlaph  fee. 

Amviertfchnvir,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 

department  of  the  Upper  Rhine.    4  miles 

NW.  Colmar.  . 

Amtnomofack,  (Lo-vcr,)  a  river  ot  New 
Hampihire,\vhich  runs  into  the  Gonnedticut, 
Lo?ig.  72.  W.  Laf.  44-  10.  N. 

Animomofack,  ( Upper,)  a  river  of  New 
Hampfhire,  which  ruasinto  the  Conncfticut. 
LoTig.  71.  30.  W.  Lid.  44.  33'N._ 

Amnol,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
so  miles  NNE.  Chuprah. 

Avwary,  a  town  of  liindcoftan,  in  Bag- 
lana.     15  miles  NNE.  Amednagur. 

Amrjus,  a  town  of  Paleftine,  anciently 
Emmaus,  or  Araaus;  and  when  the  Holy 
Land  was  in  poficffion  of  the  Chriftians,  the 
fee  of  a  biihop,  fuffragan  of  Csefarea.  Mr. 
Mariti  fays,  this  is  not  the  Emmaus  where 
•  our  Saviour  appeared  after  his  relurrcftion  ; 
but  ho  lays  it  is  the  fame  as  Nicopolis, 
which  Mr.  D'Anville  places  at  Emmaus. 

Amocrang,  a  town  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Celebes,  in  a  bay  to  v/hich  it 
gives  name.     Lofig.   124.  iz.  E.    Lat.  o. 

Aviocr,  fee  Ai)iur. 

Ainol,  or  A>nul,  or  Amu,  a  city  of  Alia, 
in  Grand  Bukharia,  on  tlic  left  bank  of  the 
river  Jihon,  which  is  there  called  Amol.  It 
is  large,  populous,  and  commercial.  In 
1 39Z  it  w  as  taken  by  Timur  Bee.  150  miles 
W.  Sarmacand,  and  300  N.  Herat.  Long. 
60.  40.E.  /,(7/.  39.  30.N. 

yf/W,  atown  ofPciJia,  in  the  province  of 
Mazanderan,  fituatcu  in  a  plain  at  the  foot 
of  Mount  Taurus,  where  Alexander  en- 
camped and  rcfrelhed  his  army.  Here  are 
.  the  ruins  of  an  ancient  fortrels  very  Ilrong 
and  regular,  the  walls  of  brick  of  great 
thickncfs.  The  inhabitants  date  its  founda- 
tion 4000  years  back,  and  fay  it  has  been 
repaired  every  two  ccnluries.    Here  is  likc- 


A  M  O 

wife  an  ancient  palace,  in  which  the  cele- 
brated Shah  Abbas  frequently  relided.  Thi 
number  of  inhabitants  is  hardly  more  than 
1000,  who  are  chiefly  employed  in  manufac- 
tures of  cotton.  In  the  neighbourhood  are 
fome  iron-mines  and  cannon-foundries.  1 20 
miles  ENE.  Cafbin.  Long.  52. 15.  E.  Lat. 
36.  40.  N. 

Atfio?!a,  or  Lmnoiia,  a  department  of  the 
kingdom  of  Italy,  compofed  of  parts  oi  the 
ci-devant  Romagna.  It  contains  105,000 
inhabitants,  who  elefl:  twelve  deputies. 
Faenza  was  fixed  on  as  the  capital. 

A?!io?ia,  or  Lamojia,  a  branch  of  the  river 
Po,  which  runs  into  the  Adriatic,  5  miles 
N.  Ravenna. 

Aniond,  a  river  of  South-Wales,  which 
runs  into  the  Ll-.vghor.  = 

Afnond,  fee  Almond. 

A?ndneburg,  fee  Amenehurg. 

A?noody  a  town  of  Hindooifan,  in  Guzc- 
rat.  51  miles  N.  Surat,  and  58  S.  Ameda- 
bad.    Long.  73.51.E.  Lat.  21.59.  N. 

Amooty,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Allaha- 
bad. 8  miles  N.  Corah. 

A?nora,  a  tov/n  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  on 
the  Tigris.     120  m.  SE.  Bagdat. 

Atfiorbach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  the  Lower  Rhine.  20  miles  NE. 
Heidelberg,  and  12  SW.  Weriheim. 

Amorifcogln,  a  river  of  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Kennebeck,  in  the  province  of 
Main.      Long.  69.  48.  W.    Lai.  43-  5  7-  N. 

A7norgo,  anciently  Aniorgos,  an  ifland  in 
the  Grecian  Archipelago,  ten  miles  long, 
and  three  broad.  The  inhabitants  manufac- 
ture a  kind  of  ftufFdved  red,  called  Amorgo 
ftuffs.  It  is  well  cultivated,  and  produces 
more  corn,  oil,  and  wine,  than  is  enough  for 
home  confumption.  Long.  25.  50.  E.  Lat. 
36-53-N. 

Amorgo  Potdo,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Archi- 
pelago. 6  miles  W.  Amorgo.  Long.  25. 
44.  W.    Lat.  36.  45.  N. 

Amoria,  a  town  of  Aflatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia,  oh  the  Sakaria.  50  miles  SW. 
Angiira-. 

Aviorica,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Serio.     9  miles  N.  Bergamo. 

Amofapc,  a  tov/n  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe  of 
Truxilio,  near  tlie  fea.    ao  m.  N.  Payta. 

Amoro,  a  town  of  Abyffinia.  20  miles 
WSW.  Mine. 

Anion,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
pient  of  the  Landes.  15  miles  S.  Tartas, 
and  T3  SSW.  St.  Sever. 

Amou,  fee  Amol. 

Amcuah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
45  miles  E.  Goorackpour. 

Avioul,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
province  of  Coimbetore.  18  miles  N.  Dara- 
porum. 

AmouL'c,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oudc, 
8  miles  S.  Corah. 


AMP 

Amour, 1  town  of  Nubia.  laj  miles  S. 
Chiggre. 

Ai/ioura,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  fouthern 
part  of  Algiers,  furroundcd  with  walls.  i6o 
miles  S.  Algiers.  Lo7ig.  3.  48.  E.  Lat. 
34.  II.  N. 

Amoy.,  lee  Etnony. 

Amoyaviha,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Tucuman.  50  miles  NW. 
St.  Fernando. 

Ainpaga,o\ u'lmpafa,  a  town  on  tlie  north- 
eaft  coaft  of  Africa,  in  the  Indian  fea,  depen- 
dent on  the  Portuguefe.     15  miles  S.  Patta. 

Amparacs,  a  town  ot  Peru,  in  the  diocefe 
of  La  Plata.    10  miles  NW.  La  Plata. 

Ainpata,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Tucuman.     15  miles  SE.  Rioja. 

Aaipaziia,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  BefTarabia,  on  the  Jalpug  lake.  35  miles 
ENE  Galatz. 

Ampedsst  or  Afzla,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
fea  of  Marmora.  Long.  27.  23.  E.  Lat. 
40.  26.  N. 

A?/!pezo,  a  town  in  the  county  of  Tyrol, 
ceded  to  Auftria  by  the  Venetians  in  1505. 
12  miles  S.Bruneck. 

A»!pfing,  a  village  of  Bavaria  on  the  Ifer- 
In  1.^2-2,  a  battle  v/as  fought  here  between 
Frederick  of  Auftria  and  the  Emperor  Louis 
IV.  in  vvhich  the  former  v/as  defeated  and 
taken  prifoner.     15  miles  S.  Dingelfingen. 

AiJ!pkptus,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  12  miles 
ESE.  Roanne,  and  15  W.  Villefranche. 

Ai/iplitz,  a  town  of  Lov/er  Lufatia,  with 
a  citadel.     5  miles  S.  Guben. 

Ampola,  a  river  of  America,  which  rifcs 
in  Georgia,  and  runs  into  the  Alabama,  in 
Weft-Florida.  Laiig.  87.  11.  W.  Lat.  32. 
34.  N. 

Aiupojla,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on 
the  Ebro.    7  miles  S.  Tortofa. 

Ampt  1)111,  a  town  ot  England,  in  the 
conntrv  of  Bedford.  It  lias  a  weekly  market 
on  Tuefd;iy,  and  in  1801  contained  1234 
inhiibitants.  12  miles  N.  Dunftable,  and  45 
N.  London. 

Aiupiuiia,  a  fm.all  place  of  Spain,  in  the 
country  of  Leon.  In  the  time  of  the  Goths 
it  was  a  conliderable  city,  and  the  fee  of  a 
bifliop.     10  miles  N    Valladolid. 

Anipiirias,  a  fcaport  town  of  Spain,  and 
capital  of  a  diftricf,  called  Ampurdan,  in 
Catalonia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Fluvia.  It 
was  anciently  the  fee  of  a  bifliop:  and  in 
the  time  of  the  Romans,  a  place  of  great 
'note,  in  the  country  of  the  Indigetani.  Po- 
libius  calls  it  Emcorias;  Strabo  and  Stevens, 
Emconon;  Livy  calls  it  Emporias,  and  fays, 
that  it  confifted  ot  tv/(j  towns  divided  by  a 
wall,  one  inhribited  by  Greeks  from  Phoccea, 
the  country  of  the  Marll-illois;  the  ot'ier  by 
Spaniards.  After  the  defeat  c.f  the  fons  of 
Pompcy,  a  colony  of  Romans  was  placed 


A  M  S 

here  likewife,  and  the  whole  by  degrees  ho- 
came  Roman  citizens.  Near  it  Cata  gained 
an  important  vidtory  ever  the  Spaniards,  in 
the  year  befiire  Cfirift  159.  According  to 
Valerius  Antrus,  in  Livy,  the  iofs  was  50,000. 
Cato  fays,  a  great  number,  but  docs  not  ex- 
prefs  how  many.  15  m.  E.  Gerona,  58  NE. 
Barcelona.     Long.  2. 53.  E.  Lat.^z.  lo.N. 

Ainra,  a  river  of  Sweden,  which  rifes  in 
Jampland,  and  joins  the  Ragimda,  17  miles 
E.  Stugun. 

Aiiira,  a  town  of  Bengal.  12  miles  E. 
Noony. 

Amran,  n  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen.  20 
miles  NW.  Sana,  and  90  E.  Loheia. 

Amras,  a  caftle  or  pa 'ace  of  the  county  ' 

of  Tyrol,  fituated  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain. 
2  miles  SE.  Innfpruck. 

Ainrautty,  lee  OmrauHy. 

Anircly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guze- 
rat.     9  miles  NE.  Junagur  . 

A7nre7i,-x  tcv/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guze^ 
rat.     25  miles  NE.  Noanagur. 

Ainrooahy  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
45  miles  S.  Nidjibabad. 

Amromoe,  an  ifland  in  the  Germtm  Ocean, 
near  the  weft  coaft  of  Denmark.  Long.  8. 
23.  E.     Z.^/.  54.  40.  N. 

Anirun,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guzerat. 
45  miles  SW.  Gogo. 

A?!!rus,  a  town  of  EgT,-pt,  on  the  riglit 
branch  of  the  Nile.     36  miles  S.Faoua. 

Amrutsur,  fee  Cuckgroo. 

An/fuerg,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Uri.     7  miles  S.  AltorfF. 

A^nschelherg,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  tlie 
circle  of  Beiaun.  18  miles  S.  Beraun,  34  S. 
Prague.     Zw/^.  14.  28.E.     i/?/'.  49. 42.  N. 

Amfohig,  a  village  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Foreil:s,  late  dutchy  of  Lux- 
emburg ;  where,  on  the  1 2th  of  Auguft,  1792, 
a  battle  was  fought  between  the  French  and 
the  armies  of  Auifria  and  Pruilia,  in  which 
4500  of  the  combined  forces  were  killed,  and 
3000  taken  prifoners,  with  30  pieces  of  bat- 
tering cannon, and  all  the  baggage;  ^loo  emi- 
grants were  fliut  up  in  Longwy;  the  French 
had  900  killed  in  the  a6tion,  near  Longwy. 

AiJ/Jhl,  a  liver  of  Holland,  which  joins 
the  Ye  at  Amlferdam. 

Amjlclveen,  a  town  of  Holland.  6  miles  S. 
Amfterdam. 

AiHsterdain,  a  city  of  Holland,  and  al- 
though not  the  feat  of  government,  tlio 
largeif  in  the  kingdom,  fitUrited  on  the  river 
Amftel,  at  its  conflux  with  the  river  Ye, 
or  Wye,  which  forms  a  port  capable^of  re- 
ceiving 1000  large  veiTels,  about  fix  miles 
from  the  Zuyder  Sea.  It  takes  its  name  from 
Amftel  and  Dam,  being,  as  it  were,  the  dam 
or  dyl:e  of  tlie  Amftel.  In  die  beginning  of  - 
the  thirteenth  century,  it  was  the  rehctence 
of  a  few  fiilicrmen;  but  foon  aftei',  growing 
populous,  the  Earls  of  Holland  gave  it  tjje 


A  M  S 

tide  and  privileges  of  a  city;  and  In  the  year 
X490,  it  was  furiounded-by  a  wall  of  brick 
Jby  order  of  Mary  of  Burgundy,  to  d.fenl 
it  from  the  incurfions  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Utrecht,  who  had  quarrelled  with  the  Hol- 
anders.  Ic  was  nearly  burned  down  by  an 
accidental  fire  loon  ai^ter  it  was  walled.  •  In 
15 1 2,  it  was  beHeged  by  the  people  orGuel- 
dei land,  who  fet  lire  to  the  veffels  in  the 
harbour,  but  failed  in  their  defign  of  taking 
the  city.  In  the  year  15*5,  J~Hn of  Leyden, 
the  pretended  kingof  Mnnilar,-gC)t  into  the 
city  in  the  night-time,  attacked  the  town- 
toufe,  and  defeated  thofe  who  made  a  r.'f-lt- 
iance ;  at  length,  however,  the  inh.ibitants 
recovering  from  the  confterndtiop,  in  which 
they  were  at  Hrft  thrown.  barricadeH  tiie 
avenues  to  the  market-place  with  packs  of 
"wool  and  hops,  which  put  a  ftop  to  tlifeir 
fury  till  L.-;e  day  appeared;  when  t^e  ii  lur- 
gents,  to  the  amount  of  about  600,  rtiired  to 
the  town-houft,  and  vv-ere  there  almon;  to  a 
man  \u'c  to  death.  About  ten  \eau-;  alter 
there  was  another  tumult  raifed  b,  a  parcel 
of  fanatics,  men  and  women,  who  :arj  about 
the  ftreets  naked,  and  a.temptea  co  i-Kike 
thtmfeives  mafters  of  the  tuvn-houfe ;  tl^cir 
fhrieks and  howlingsahr in.dthe u;hab;tantj>, 
who  foon  feized  the  greater  part,  anci  ci'.af- 
tifed  them  as  they  defcrvcd.  It  was  «/ne  of 
the  la!l  cities  that  jo  neH  the  cor.fcJe.acy, 
and  embiaced  the  refonntd  religion  ;  a^d 
when  It  was  be':eged  by  tl;e  HolUndert  jn 
15 7?,  one  article  ui  the*  cap.tilation  wa&  a 
free  exercifeof  the  Roman-Cathoiic  religion; 
but  thifi  was  not  pbiers  ed ;  tor  foon  after  the 
Pruteftants  drove  away  the  Popilli  clergy, 
monks,  a"d  nuns,  from  the  city,  broke  down 
the  images,  and  deftioycd  the  altars.  It  has 
hee"-  frequently  enlarged,  particularly  in  the 
"yci^rs  1593,  1595,  1601,  1612,  1650,  and 
1675  ;  at  which  lall  date  it  was  extended  to 
Its  prefent  fize,  and  j'urrounded  by  a  wall, 
and  a  large  ditch,  to  fcct  wide,  full  of  run- 
ning water ;  the  wall-:  were  fortiiied  with  a6 
baltions;  there  are  eight  gates  towards  the 
land,  and  one  towards  tjie  water.  The  city 
at  prefeht  is  fuppoied  to  contain  450,000 
inhabitants;  „nd  is,'  without  doubt,  one  of 
the  richefl  and  mofl  flourifhirig  cities  in  the 
World.  '  Being  (ituan^d  in  a  marfliy  country, 
the  foiiiidatidn  of  the  whole  is  laid  on  piles 
oftimbei  driycninto  the  t'arth,  clofc  to  each 
otjier,  and  clanipi  d  tt^get  ,tr  with  iron ;  the 
form  is  femicircular,  the  ftfeets  are  in  ge- 
neral \vcll  pavetl.  T|itre  are  three  prodi- 
cious  fluigcs,  ;ind  a  great  number  of  ttone 
pi  idges  over  the  canals,  whicii  crofs  the  city 
in  nviny  p^urts,  and  render  the  ftreets  clean 
and  plekfant;  the  canals  arc  deep,  thcjr  fides 
arc  Imed  v/itli  iicwri  ifone,  and  h^ve  gene- 
rallv  rows  of  tiers  planted  on  each  fide.  The 
ftri'jif  canal  is  called  the  Amarack,  which  is 
hirmed  by  ilwj  waters  of  the  Amftel,  into 


A  M  S 

which  the  tide  flows,  and  on  the  fideS  arc 
two  large  quays ;  this  canal  has  feveral 
bridges;  the  principal  is  that  next  the  fea, 
called  Pont-Neuf,  or  New-Bridge,  600  feet 
long,  and  70  broad,  with  iron  balluftiades 
on  ei'ch  fid'" ;  it  has  36  arches,  and  from  it  is 
an  excellent  profpefl  both  of  the  city,  the 
port,  and  the  Wye.  The  port  is  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  in  lenj^lh,  and  about  a  thou- 
fand  paces  in  bre^ddi,  and  always  iiiled  v;ith 
a  multitude  of  veffel: ;  tovards  thr  fides  of 
the  haven,  the  city  is  enclofed  by  large  piles 
driven  into  the  giound,  joined  by  beams 
placed  horizontally;  and  lying  low  would 
be  conflantlv  liable  to  inundations,  if  they 
had  not  fecured  themfelves  by  dykes  and 
fluices.  The  fladthoufe,  where  public  bu- 
lineis  is  conducled,  is  elfeeined  one  of  the 
fineli  fl  1  uf tares  in  the  univcrie ;  it  is  a  fquare 
building  of  freeilone,  uhcfe  front  is  283 
feet  lonjj;,  the  depth  of  its  lidcs  2^5  ^^^t.;  90 
feet  high  in  front,  116  to  the  top  of  the  cu- 
pola. The  great  hall  is  particularly  irrgni- 
ficent.  Inc'eed  ail  the  chambers,  in  gene,  al, 
are  adorned  with  beavititu!  Iculptures  by  the 
befl  rraflers,  and  paintings  by  Rembrandt, 
Reubens,  Vandyke,  &c.  Und.  r  the  Itadt- 
houie  is  ^n  exten five  vault,  wherein  are  kept 
th-;  riches  <;f  the  bank  of  Amfterdam,  the 
doors  of  which  are  faid  to  be  cannon-proof, 
and  aie  nevtr  opened  but  in  the  prefence  of 
one  of  the  burgomaflers.  At  the  oouom  of 
the  Hadthoi  'e  are  the  prif -ns  both  for  cri- 
minals and  debtors ;  and  die  guard-room  for 
the  citizens,  where  the  keys  of  die  city  are 
locked  up  evei  y  night.  At  the  end  of  the 
great  hall  is  the  chamber  of  the  echevins, 
or  fchepens,  where  civil  caufes  are  tried. 
This  inimenfe  fabric,  hke  the  refl  of  the 
city,  is  built  on  piles,  14,000  being  employed 
for  that  purpcfe  only.  The  archite<5t  was 
John  Campen,  who  made  the  model  in  1648, 
and  the  firff  ftone  was  laid  the  28th  of  0<5fo- 
ber  the  fame  year:  the  expence  to  make 
the  whole  complete  is  faid  to  have  been 
3,ooo,oool.  The  bourfe,  or  exchange,  is  of 
freeilone,  and  built  in  the  year  1615,  on  aooo 
piles;  its  length  aoo  feet,  and  its  breadth 
124.  The  academy,  formerly  a  convent,  is 
a  goodly  building:  there  are  eleven  churches 
belonging  to  the  eflablifhed  religion,  and  one 
for  the  Englifh  Prefbyterians;  all  other  feds 
may  have  churches,  except  the  Roman-Ca- 
tholics, who  meet  in  private  houfes,  but  ar^ 
not  interrupted.  The  Jews  have  two  fyna- 
gogues,  the  one  for  the  Portuguefe,  the  other 
for  the  German  Jews;  the  Porti.guefe  Syna- 
gogue is  in  particular  a  fine  building ;  lome 
of  the  churches  are  handfome  ftruftures. 
Befides  thefe  there  are  feveral  hofpitals,  or 
houfes,  for  orphans,  for  poor  widows,  for 
fick  people,  and  for  the  inlane,  all  well  re- 
gulated. The  rafp-houfe,  fb  called  from  the 
origiDal  puuifhnaeat  being,  that  of  rafping 


A  M  S 


AMS 


Crafil  wood,  is  a  work-houfe,  or  brideWcll    bear  artns,  but  were  obliged  to  contribute  tcK 
for  men;  and  if  they  will  not  perform  the    the  maintenance  of  the  city -guard,  which 


talk  allotted,  they  are  put  into  a  cellar  into 
which  water  runs,  to  the  rifk  of  being  drown- 
ed, if  they  do  not  tonltantly  keep  pumping 
it  out.  There  is  hkewife  a  fpin-houfe  for 
loofe  women,  where  they  are  compelled  to 


confifted  of  1,400  foldiers  j  as  alfo  to  the 
night-watch,  which  patroled  the  ftrccts,  and 
proclaimed  the  hour.  Although  all  religious 
fcfts  were  tolerated  at  Amllerdam,  Calvi« 
nifts  alone  were  adnjitted  to  a  (hare  of  the 


atone,  m  fomc  degree,  by  Ipinning,  8tc.  the  government.  JLong.^.no.t..  Z.<7f.5a.25.N. 

immoralities  they  have  been  guilty  of.    All  Antiterdam^  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North- 

the  hofpitals  are  kept  exceedingly  clean,  and  Sea,  near  the  north-weft  coaft  of  Spitfbercen. 

are  fupported  partly  by  voluntary  contribu-  Here  the  Dutch  formerly  ufed  to  boil  their 

tions  put  into  the  poor's  boxes,  fixed  up  in  whale  oil,  and  the  remains  of  fome  conve* 

alJ  parts  of  the  city,  and  partly  by  a  tax  on  niences  crefted  by  them  were  feen  by  Capt 


all  public  diverfions.  Before  Holland  was 
conftituted  a  kingdonT,the  city  was  governed 
by  a  fenate,  or  council,  called  Vroedfchap, 
which  confilled  of  36  fenators,  who  enjoyed 
their  places  for  life ;  and  when  any  of  them 
died,  the  remainder  chofe  another  in  his 
Head.  This  fenate  elefted  the  deputies  who 
were  fent  to  the  ftates,  and  appointed  the 
chief  magiftrates,  called  echevins,  or  fche 


Phipps  in  1773.  Once  they  attempted  to 
form  a  fettlement,  and  left  ibme  people  to 
winter  there,  who  all  perifhed.  Dutch  veflels 
ftill  refort  thither  at  the  latter  end  of  the 
whalefilhery.  Low^- 0.12.E.  /.<?/.  7 9. 4 6. N. 
Amiterdamy  an  ifland  in  the  Indian  Sea. 
The  veflel  which  went  out  with  Lord  Ma- 
cartney and  his  fuite  to  China  in  1793,  found 
here  Ibme  men,  left  by  an  American  veflel 


pens,  and  burgomafters.  The  number  of  for  the  purpofe  of  colledling  the  fkins  cf  feala 
echevins  were  twelve,  outof  which  four  were  and  fea-lions,  with  which  the  fhores  abound, 
chofen  ever\'  year,  and  called  burgomafters    According  to  Dr.  Gillan,  this  ifland  was  the 


regent;  three  of  thefe  were  difcharged 
every  year,  to  make  room  for  thiee  others, 
one  of  the  four  remaining  in  office,  as  being 
beft  acquainted  with  the  routine  of  bulinefs, 
who  prtiided  the  firft  three  months  of  the 
year,  each  of  the  others  preliding  3  months 
in  turn:  they  appointed  to  inferior  offices 
which  became  vacant  during  tlieir  regency  ; 
difpofed  of  the  public  revenues,  and  fuperin- 
tcnded  public  works,  and  every  thing  re- 


produft  ot  fubterraneous  fire;  and  bore  evi- 
dent maiks  of  volcanic  eruption  in  cvfr-,  .^  rt 
of  it.  On  the  weft  and  fouth-weft  fides  there 
are  four  fmall  cones,  regularly  formed,  with 
craters  in  which  the  lavH  and  othci  voi:  -nC 
fubftances  have  every  appeaiance  ot  recent 
formation.  The  heat  continues  ftill  fc  g  tat, 
and  fuch  a  quantity  of  cluftic  vapours  ilTues 
through  numbcrlefs  crevices,  that  there  can 
be  no  doubt  of  their  having  been  very  lately 


iating  to  the  welfare,  peace,  and  ornament  in  a  ftate  of  eruption.     A  great  crater,  on 

of  the  city:  in  their  hands  weie  lodged  the  the  eaftern  fide,  now  full  of  water,  is  by  fur 

keys  of  the  bank.    The  college  conlifted  of  the  largcft  here,  or  perhaps  elfewhere,  and 

nine  burgomafters,  or  echevins,  who  werefole  isof  ,m  aftonifhing  fize,  confider^bly  exceed- 

judges  of  all  criminal  matters  without  ap-  ing  in  diameter  thofe  of  Etna  and  Vcfuvius 


peal;  but  in  civil  caufes  there  might  be  an 
appeal  to  the  council  of  the  province.  There 
v/ere  likewife  two  treafurers,  an  efcoutc  or 
bailiff,  and  a  penfionary.  The  bailiff  con- 
tinued in  office  three  years ;  had  the  charge 
of  criminals,  profecuied  them,  and  took  care 


The  quantity  of  matter  to  be  thrown  up, 
which  required  fo  wide  an  orifice  for  its  paf- 
fige,  and  the  force  with  wliich  fuch  ma'-ter 
was  impelled,  in  order  to  overcome  the  re- 
fiftaiice  of  the  fupei  incumbent  earth  and  fi  i, 
muft  have  been  prodigious.    The  foil  every 


that  the  fentence  of  the  law  was  put  in  exe-    wherebeinglightand  lpongy,andtu!!  oi  hcles 


cution  againft  them.  The  penfionary  was 
the  minifter  or  counfellor  of  the  magiftrates, 
well  verfed  in  the  laws,  who  made  public 
harangues,  and  took  care  of  the  interefts  of 
the   city.    The  city  of  AmfterdaiTj  contri 


formed  in  it  by  fea  Ivrds  for  neits,  is  v ..  s 
troublefor^e  to  walk  upun  :  'he  t -ot  breaks 
th.ough  the  fvrface,  and  finks  djc'i  at  every^ 
ftep.  There  is  jne  phice,  ne^i  the  centre  ■.  f 
the   ifland,  excendi.g  about  .wo  hurd'-ed 


buted  to  the  public  ex penc:s  above  ^0,000  yards  inlength,aridibmt\vrij  Lfsm breadth, 

livres  per  day,  bcildes  thi  excife  of  beer,  where  particulai  ca.;tion  is  n»iC'-il.rv  >  iwait.- 

fleth,  and  corn,  which  in  the  whole  amounted  ing  ov^-i  it.  From  tl.is  ipot  a  ii:>t  fn  Ih  ipr    g 

to  above  i,6oo,oool.  fterlinj^  a  year;  more  is  fuppofed  to  dei ive  its  iuurc:-,    fip-.i'ic  its 

than  was  paid  by  all  the  reft  of  the  provinces  wav  through  the  iDteifticcs  ut    Ic  lava  to. 

put  together,  and  yet  it  bore  but  afitth  rank  the  g'c;  t  e   .cer,  and  buiitijig  out  a  \\**'-z 


in  the  affembly  of  the  ftates  of  Holland ;  with 
this  diftiuiSfion,  that  other  cities  fent  two 
members,  while  Amfterdam  fent  four.  The 
mlHtia  of  Amfterdam  were  ccirifuierable, 
amounting  in  the  whole  to  about  ij,ooo; 
Jews  and  Anabaptifts  were  not  permitted  t^ 


above  the  w.  ter  covering  its  bottom.  The 
he.'.t  in  ttiis  upper  fpot  is  too  great  to  admit 
ot  vegetation      The  luriu      ^^c.ve^  h 

a  kind  of  n".ud;0)    pilte,   forincJ    >  .i 

afties,  nioifter^ed  by  fte.i.n  ccnfta.  tly  rJ^ng 
from  beiow.    Wlien  the  mud  is  removed. 


A  M  U 

the  vapour  ifliies  forth  with  violence,  and  in 
fonie  p^irts  copiouny.     Tliis  mud  is  Icalding 
hot.     All  the  fprings  or  vefervoirs  of  hot 
water,  excepting  one  only,  were  brackiih. 
One  fpring  derives  its  fource  from  the  high 
ground  and  ridges  of  the  crater:  the  water 
in  it,  inilead  of  boiling  upwards  through  the 
ftones  and  mud,  as  in  the  other  fprings,  flows 
downwards  with  conliderable  velocity,  in  a 
fmall  colleded  itream.    Its  tempisrature  has 
been  found  not  to  exceed  112  degrees;  the 
hand  could  be  eafily  kept  in  it  fov  a  conli- 
derable time:  it  is  a  pretty  ftrong  chalybe- 
ate.    The  fides  of  the  rock  whence  it  iluics, 
and  of  the  cavity  iuto  which  it  fall?,  are  in- 
crufted  with  ochre  depofitcd  from  it.    This 
water  was  ufed  by  the  feamen  found  upon 
the  ifland.   They  felt  no  inconvenience  from 
its  ufe  ;  and  habit  had  reconciled  them  to  its 
tade.    The  length  of  the  illand,  from  nonh 
tofouth,  is  upwards.of  four  miles ;  its  breadth, 
from  eail  to  well,  about  two  miles  and  half; 
and  its  circumference  eleven  miles,  compie- 
hending  a  lui  face  of  about  eight  fquare  miles, 
or  5IZ0  acres,  alriiolT:  the  v/Uoh  of  v^'hich  is 
covered  with  a  fertile  fcil.    The   ifland  is 
ipaccciilblc,  except  on  the  eaft  fide,  where 
the   great  crater  firms  a  harbour,  the  en- 
trance to  which  is  deepening  annual lly,  and 
might,  by  the  aid  of  art,  be  made  fit  for  the 
paifage  of  large  fhips.    The  tides  run  in  and 
out  at  the  rate  of  :hree  nii'es  an  hour,  and 
rife  perpendiculaily  eight  or  nine  feet  on  the 
full  and  change  of  the  moon :  their  diretfion 
is  fouth-cafl:   by  fcmth,   and  north-eaft  by 
north.    A  northerly  wind  makes  the  highelt 
tide.    The  v.\ucr  is  eight  or  ten  -"athoms 
deep  almoft  clof'c  to  the  edge  of  the  crater. 
Lo»q:.  76. 54.  E.^    Lai.  :8. 42.  S. 

Amstcrdaw,  fee  'Ton;  atahoo. 
■    'Amsterdam,  a  fmali'  ifland  in  the  gulf  of 
IVIanar,  near  the  weft  coafl  of  Ceylon.  Long. 
8.  I.  E.    Lat.  9.  50.  N. 

yhmtosi,  a  plact;  ^dx  SwifTerland,  in  the 
■canton  of  Appcnzeil,  on  the  frontiers  of 
Rhinthal!,  where  ihe  Appenzellois  vanquifli- 
cd  Frederick  duke  of  Aulbia,  in  the  year 
1^0^.  A  chap.l  was  built  on  the  fpot,  to 
'^■rcforve  tbo  incmory  of  this  glorious  event, 
Hud  they  have  an  annivcrfary  fermon  on  the 
(>rc.dion_,  Oil  the  sd  of  May, old  llile.  4  miles 
SW.  Kcincck. 

JiusMtviy  a  town  of  Auflria.  In  iScr, 
the  Atifiiians  and  I'aiflians  were  defeated  by 
the  Trench.  8  mile.sSVV.  Ips. 
_  Aiuti,  a  river  of  VVelf-Florida,  wliich  runs 
nito  the  Iberviilc,  Long.  91.  4.  W.  Lat. 
'JO.  22.  N. 

J'n  '-ell,  a  tovn  of  Wurtemberg.     8  m. 
t.  Ravcnfburg, 

Aiinicu.,  a  krge  lake  of  Brazil.     60  miles 
•E.  from  lakeParima. 

Ai,!ul,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs  into 
t/.c  Tcbu,  4$  miles  ESE.  Abakanfk. 


ANA 

Amul,  fee  Ainol. 

Amur,  a  river  which  rifes  in  Chlnefe  Tar- 
tary,  Long.  109.  14.  E.  Lat,  49.  N.  It 
paffes  by  NertchinfK,  where  it  takes  the 
name  of  Schilka;  ic  is  joined  by  the  Argun, 
^t  Long.  121.  and  by  the  Songari  Oula,  at 
Long.  131.  iMt.  48.  where  it  takes  the  name 
of  Saghalien,  and  runs  into  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  oppoilte  the  ifland  of  Saghalien, 
Long.  142.  14.  E.  Lat.  ij^.  N. 

Ainuri  ,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Alaba.    5  miles  N.  Ordui;a. 

Aj/iuscO)  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Leon.  10  miles  N.  Palencia. 
Ameuveah,  fee  Jihcn. 
Annvell,  a  village  of  England,  in  the  coun- 
ty or  Herts,  in  v/hich  is  the  fpring  that  fup- 
phes  the  New  River  with  water,  afhlled  by 
a  cut  from  the  river  Lee :  this  new  ri'-er  or 
canal  v/as  defigned  by  Sir  Hugh  Middleton, 
in  the  year  1606,  to  fupply  a  part  of  the  city 
of  London  with  water.  The  undertaking 
v/as  highly  beneficial  to  the  public,and  is  now 
become  eKcee:)ingly  fo  to  the  proprietors. 
21  rr;i!c3  N.  London,  and  i  SW.  Ware. 

Aiu-Lvell,  a  town  of  New- Je:  fey.  21  m. 
SW.  New-Brunfwick. 

Aviyab,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
32  miles  N>  Manickpour. 

Ana,  or  Anna,  a  town  of  Arabia  Deferta, 
fituated  on  the  Euphrates,  in  a  mountainous 
but  fertile  country,  which  produces  abun- 
dance of  curn,  olives,  dates,  oranges,  lemons, 
pomegranates,  figs,  &c.  It  contains  about 
tour  thoufand  houl'eS;  few  above  one  Itory, 
and  is  a  general  refort  of  the  Arabian  rob- 
bers, who  v/atch  the  caravans  which  pafs  to 
and  from  Bagdad,  Damafcus,  Aleppo,  Sec. 
In  1393,  it  was  taken  by  Timor  Bee.  260 
miles  E.  Dam.ifcus,  and  220  SE.  Aleppo. 
Long.  41.  15.  E.     Lat.  34«  N. 

Ana,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
of  Savolax.     80  miles  NNE.  Nyflot. 

Anacarpt,  a  town  of  the  illand  of  Capri, 
confifling  of  a  few  ftreets,  a  church,  and  a 
convent.  Near  it  is  a  caille,  fituated  on  a 
frightful  precipice. 

Anacur,  or  Nuachir,  a  town  of  Syria. 
The  meaning  of  tlie  name  is  as  much  as  to 
fay,  a  thing  cut  out  with  a  pair  of  fciffars; 
and  it  was  given  to  it  from  the  neighbouring 
road,  cut  out  of  the  fulid  rock.  Some  wri- 
ters pretend,  that  this  road  was  made  by 
Alexander's  army ;  but  more  generally  it  is 
afccibed  to  the  Romans.  Hovvever  this  be, 
it  is  remarkable  only  for,  the  obftacles  over- 
come in  its  formation ;  for  it  is  extremely 
narrow,  unequal,  and  even  dangerous.  6 
miles  N.  Acre. 

Anadir,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  rifes  in 

a  lake.  Long.  169.  E.    Lat.  68.  20.  N.  and 

runs    into  the  Anadirflcaia  gulf,  in  Long. 

177.  34.  E.  /..;/.  65.  N. 

Anadirjhiia  Gulf,  a  bay  of  tlie  Worth 


ANA 


A  N  B 


Pacific  Ocean,  on  the  coall:  of  Siberia,  ex- 
teiidinc^  From  CapcApoitoiaThadeiii, /-o;/^. 
178.  E.  Lat.  68.N.to  the  ifland  of  St.  Law- 
rence.  Long.  187.  E.   I, at.  68.  25.  N. 

Anadir fkoi,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the  river 
Anadir.  It  was  taken  by  the  Ruffians  in 
1701.     JLjwt;'.  165.  14.  E.     Lat.G6.~^. 

AnadoU-liisar,  a  name  given  by  the 
Turks  to  that  caftle  of  the  Dardanelles, 
lituatcd  on  the  Aliatic  ilde  of  theHcllefpont. 

Ap.nf.uox  Dar  B:ydA,  a  town  of  Africa 
on  the  weftern  coaft  oi  Morocco,  which  for- 
merly belonged  to  the  Portuguefc,  and  was 
then  very  populous,  being  lltuated  in  one  of 
the  nioll  beautiful  parts  of  the  kingdom.  It 
has  a  fniall  port,  but  the  whole  is  now  a  heap 
of  ruins.     30  miles  SW.  Salee. 

Anagada,  fee  Ar.^gada. 

Anag/ii,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Campagna 
di  Roma,  the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  immediately 
under  the  Pope.  11  miles  W.  Alatri,  and 
28  S£.  Rome. 

Anahiiac,  a  name  of  the  country  of  Mex- 
ico, before  its  conqueil  by  the  Spaniards. 

AnaJA-taba,  a  town  of  Bra'il,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Para,  fituated  on  tlie  north  fide 
of  the  ille  of  Marajo.  20  miles  E.  Parana. 
Long.  51.  16.  W.     Lat.  o.  12.  S. 

Anahpia,  a  town  of  the  country  of  Abaf- 
cia,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Black  Sea.  40  miles 
W.  Ilgaur.     Long.  39.   45-  E.      Lat.  43. 

30.  N. 

Afialat'rja,  a  fmall  ifland,  near  the  north- 
weft  point  of  the  illand  of  Ceylon. 

Anam,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
Coaft.    Long.  I.  40.  W.  Lat.  5. 26.  N. 

jhiamahja,,  or  jfaj/iij/ia,  a  town  of  Africa, 
on  the  Gold  Coaft,  where  the  Englifti  have 
a  tort ;  the  country  about  is  fertile,  and  pro- 
duces plenty  of  corn,  but  the  principal  trade 
is  in  gold  and  flaves.  Long.  1.40.  W.  Lat. 
5.  16.  N. 

Anahas,  fee  Andavias. 

Ananiooka,  fee  Annaniooka. 

Anan/fagiir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  country  of  Viliapour.  51  miles  E.  Bad- 
damniy,  and  100  E.  Viliapour.  Long.  76. 
33.  E.  Lat.  16.  8.  N. 

Atiana,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Alaba.     16  miles  SSW.  Orduna. 

Ananes,  three  fmall  illands  in  the  Grecian 
Archipelago,  about  3  leagues  SW.  of  the 
ifland  of  Milo.      Long.  24.  5.  E.  Lat.  36. 

31.  N. 

Ananpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
province  of  Bcdnore.  20  miles  SE.  Bednore, 
and  120  NW.  Seringapatam.  Long.  75.  3. 
E.  Lat.  13.  35.  N. 

Ananpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gu- 
zerat.     10  miles  W.  Noopour. 

Ananpour y  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles  N. 
Midnapour. 

A/uintapour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.    13  miles  E.  Cuddapa. 


Avanfafagarnny  a  town  of  IlindooJTan,  in 
Golconda.  10  miles  NW.  Warangolc. 

Anantafapilly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  circar  of  llajamundry.  18  miles  W. 
Rajamundry. 

Anantoor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ear- 
ramaul.     iz  miles  NE.  D.irempoory. 

ylnantpciir,^  town  of  Hindoullan,  inMy- 
forc.  In  i783,itwas  taken  by  tlie  Briti(h,and 
no  quarter  given.  The  feverity  exercifed  to- 
wards the  garrilbn  is  apologifed  for  by  the 
detention  of  a  flag  of  truce  which  Majof 
Campbel  had  Tent  with  a  fummons  tofurren- 
der.  Hyder  Ali  here  made  a  depot  of  his 
riches.  It  was  afterwards  reftored  to  Tip- 
poo.  In  1 791,  it  was  taken  by  the  Rlahrat- 
tas.  8j  miles  NE.  Chitteldroog,  and  140 
NNE.  Seringapatam.  Long.  77.  28.  E. 
Lat.  14.  45.  N. 

Ananuri,  a  town  of  Georgia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Carduel.    40  miles  NNW.  Teflis. 

Anapa,  a  tov/n  of  CircdTia,  on  a  bay  of 
the  Black  Sea,  called  Sundgik  bay.  70  miles 
ESE.  Theodofia.  Long.  37.  10.  E.  Lat. 
44-  40.  N. 

Anapapooly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
province  c-f  Corinbetore.  z%  miles  NW- 
Daraporum. 

Anapcs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  North.     3  m.  E.  Lille. 

Anaphi,  fee  Naniphio. 

Anargk'iai a  town  of  Mingrelia, about  tv/o 
miles  from  the  Black  Sea,  built,  as  they  lay, 
on  the  fite  of  an  ancient  tov/n  called  Hera- 
clea.  9  miles  NW.  Cotatss.  Long.  41.  6. 
E.  Lat.  42.  40.  N. 

Anarodgurra,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cey- 
lon.    65  miles  N.  Candi. 

Anajlamia,  a  con'iderable  feaport  town 
of  Japan,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland 
of  Niphon.  The  principal  commerce  is  in 
wood. 

Anatajan,  one  of  the  uninhabited  La- 
drone  iftands.  25  leagues  N.Tinian.  Long, 
I4j.  50.  E.  Lat.  i6.  42.  N. 

Anatolia,  fee  Natolia. 

Anattoni,  an  ifland  in  the  Southern  Pacific 
Ocean, and  moftfouthern  of  thofe  called  New 
Hebrides.    Long.  i-jp.  4.  E.  Lat.  20.  3.  S. 

Anaurapiicu,  a  river  of  South-America, 
which  runs  into  the  river  of  Amazons. 

Anaivd,  a  lake  of  North-America.  Long. 
III.  50.  Lat.  60.  35. 

Ana'-jjncethad,  a  lake  of  North-America. 
Long.  103.  W.  Lat.  62.  N. 

Anazarha,  fee  Anzarha. 

Anhar,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  on 
the  Euphrates.  In  632,  this  tov/a  was  taken 
by  Caled,  lieutenant  of  Omar.  It  was  re- 
built by  Abul  Abbas  Saffah,  the  firft  caliph 
of  the  houfe  of  AbalTid^-s.  i^  miles  W. 
Bagdad,  and  200  S.  Moful.  Long.  43.  2. 
E.     Lat.:,i.xs.^. 

Anhar y  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia,  in  tlic 


A  N  C 

Impdom   f>f  Balk.    70  miles  SSW.  Balk. 

jnhcrtftr,  fee  Ammtfur. 
jir.bord,^  town  otPeilia,  in  flie  province 
of  Choi;<lkn.     150  miles  KE.  Mciliid. 

Ancacato^  a  town  of  Per. 1,  in  the  diocefe 
of  La  Paz.     60  miles  N.  Po'oii. 

Ancaon,  a  town  of  Pi»i Hig;:!,  in  the  pro- 
vince cf  Peira.     5  miles  SE  Coimbra. 

Avcaya/io,  a  town  of 'lie  Popedom,  in  the 
jnarquila.e  cf  Anconn,  fituaLcdon  the'l'ronto. 
6Biiies  E.Afcoli. 

Aucajler^  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
coimtv  of  Lincoln,  which  \^d^  formerly  a 
Rorr'an  fi-ation,  many  vc-ftiges  of  which  are 
ftow  vifibh.  5  railes  W.  Slcafovd,  and  7 
J4NE.  Grantham. 

Ancc,  Grande,  atown  and  bay  on  the  north 
coaft  of  Martinico. 

Ance,  PetHe,  a  town  and  bay  on  the  north- 
weft  ccifc  ot  St.  Domingo.  5  miles  S.  Cape 
Tran^ois. 

AHCinis,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftrift,  in  the  department  ot  the 
Lower  Leire.  It  vas  one  of  th°  nine  ar.cscnt 
baronies  of  Bretagne,  belonging  to  the  Jiohle 
houfe  of  BeJiupe-Chabot.  It  isfituaied  on 
the  Loire.  4^  jofts  NE.  N.^^ntes,  and  48^ 
SW.  Pans.    Long.i.s  W.  /,.?/.  47.22.  N. 

Ancerville^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meufe.  3  miles  E.  St.  Di- 
zier,  anrf  9  SSW.  Bar-!e-duc. 

AnccrvUley  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partiventof  the  Mofelle.  10  miles  Vv"NW. 
Morbange,  and  ic  ESE.  Met?.. 

Amhay  a  town  of  Georgia,  in  the  province 
of  Satabago.     f>i  miles  SW.  Akalzika. 

Anchediva.,  fee  Angedizui. 

Anchitty,  or  And  itty  dttrgarn,  a  fort  of 
Myforc,  which  was  taken  by  the  Britilli 
troops  in  1799.     ^5  miles  Covcriporam. 

AKchduic-y  a  river  of  England,  which  rifes 
in  Lincolnflrire,  near  Market-RaJfen,  becomes 
nitvigable  at  Glanhird-Biiggs,  whence  it  pur- 
ities a  flrait  norlhtrly  com  fe  to  the  Humbcr. 

Anchor IJlamly  an  iftand  near  the  fouth 
entrance  of  Du(T<y  bay,  on  the  coail  of 
Ncv.-Zcaiand,  with  a  haibour  on  the  north 
toaft,  which  Captain  Vancouver  thinks  ii;'- 
citre,  and  may  be  foiuid  convenient  when 
vefl'tls  are  by  accident  prevented  from  gain- 
ing F.'cilc  harbour.  It  is,  however,  inconve- 
nteni  to  put  to  fea  from  it,  owing  to  its  nar- 
row limits,  great  depth  of  water,  and  a 
funken  rock  at  its  weltcrr>  entrance.  l.o>i<^. 
j66.  16.  E.  /w^/.  45.46.  S. 

Aiichcr  Point yA  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Korih-Ameiica,  and  eaft  fide  of  Cook's 
Inlet.     Long.  208  48.  E.  J. at.  59.  39.  N. 

Afiureni,  n  town  ui'  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of.  Tt  as  Os  Montes.  ic  miles  W. 
Torre  dc  M oncer vo. 

Aiitiviiey  a  towb  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
'rreitof-tbeTwo  Sevres.  16^  m.  SSE.  N-utt. 


A  N  C 

An  cut  ■■.tie.,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calitbrij 
Ultra.     7  miles  SSE.  SquUlace. 

Ancifci  de  McT.corvo,  a  town  of  Etruriaj 
near  the  Arno.     10  miles  SE.  Florence. 

Ancizan^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
men't  of  the  Hither  Pyrenees,  15  miles  SSE. 
Bagneros. 

jinckerhltz,  a  tov/n  of  Pruflia,  In  Pome* 
ralia.     30  miles  WN',V.  Dantzick. 

AiicLvn,  a  feapoft  town  of  Germany,  irj 
Hither  Pomerania,  on  die  Peene,  anciently 
called  Tanklim  or  TangHm.  It  began  to 
be  buik  in  the  yc;i.r  11 88,  five  years  alter  the 
fortrels  of  Grofzv'in,  near  the  fpot,had 
been  defirayed  by  the  Danes.  It  has  a  ter- 
ritory an'->exed  to  it  of  about  12  miles  ia 
length,  with  1 7  viliagesj  the  foil  of  which  is- 
good.  It  has  a  ferry  on  the  Frifch  HafF, 
where  there  is  ?.  fci  t,  to  which  all  vefiels 
pafling  pay  a  toll  for  the  fervice  of  the 
town.  The  country  on  the  oppbfitefide  of 
the  Pee-.ie  belongs  to  S\\  edilh  Pomerania. 
In  1713,  Anciam  was  pillaged  by  the  Riif- 
Ijans.  In  1757  and  1758,  n  was  taken  by 
the  Swedes.  44  miles  NW.  Old  Stettin, 
36  SSE,  Stralfund.  Xw^.  13.  4 I.E.  LaU 
j3.  54-  N. 

Ariclni,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Na- 
toKa.    4  miles  S.  Palatlha. 

Ancohef;  or  Ayik'.bar^  or  GcU  Rh^r,  a 
river  of  Africa,  wliich  runs  into  the  Atlantic* 
between  the  Gold  Coaft  and  the  country  of 
Axim  ;  there  is  a  good  harbour  at  its  mouth. 
Long.  o.  40.  W.  Led.  4.  48.  iSt. 

Ancc/ii,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  Baglana. 
18  miles  S.  Junere.  • 

Anon  {El,)d.  town  of  Peru,  near  the  coait. 
20  miles  N.  Lima. 

Ancch'ay  a  province  of  the  Popedom,  with 
the  title  of  marquifate,  in  the  eflates  of  the 
church,  bounded  on  the  north  and  eaft  by 
the  Adriatic,  on  the  louth  by  Unibria  and 
Abruzzo  Ultra,  and  on  the  weft  by  the 
ducchy  of  Uibino.  The  air  is  grofs,  but 
the  land  fertile ;  about  66  miles  long,  and 
48  wide.  Along  the  coaft  towers  arc  built, 
witli  cannon,  to  keep  oft'  corlairs.  The 
chief  rivers  are  the  Fiuraelino,  Afpido,Tingo 
orTenna,  Ragnola,and  Tronto.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Ancona,  Alcoli,  Camerino, 
Feimo,  JeJi,  Loretto,  Macerata,  Monte 
Alto,  Olimo,  &c. 

Ancona,  a  city  and  feaport  ia  the  Adrinticy 
and  capital  of  a  marquifate,  in  the  Popedom, 
faid  to  have  been  built  by  fome  Syracufans, 
who  Med  from  the  tyranny  of  Dionyfius. 
A  part  of  the  lower  town  was  deftroyed 
by  the  Goths,  but  rebuilt  by  Narfcs.  In  thi? 
tenth  century  it  was  ravaged  by  the  Sara- 
cens. In  the  beginning  of  1797,  it  was 
taken  by  the  French  republic,  and  1200  of 
the  Papal  troops  made  pnlbners,  with  a  great 
(juantity  of  cannon,  and  arms  of  all  ibrts; 
it  Leing  one  of  the  Pope's  chief  arfcnais. 


AND 

In  I799>  it  was  blockaded  towards  the  Adri- 
atic by  the  united  fleets  of  Ruflia  and  Tur- 
key, aflifte  '>  by  Auftria ;  and  on  the  land 
fidt  bcfieged  by  fome  Italian  troops,  under 
the  command  of  a  Cifalpine  general,  named 
Lahooz.  Their  efforts  for  the  greater  part 
of  the  fummer  were  unavailing,  till  after  the 
funender  of  Rome  and  Civitii  Vecchia,  Ge- 
neral Frolich  arrived  with  ibme  imperial 
troops.  A  forty  was  made  in  the  night  of 
the  9th  of  O«ftober,  by  which  the  beliegers 
fulfered  greatly,  and  General  Lahooz  was 
killed.  On  the  arrival  of  Gen.  Fro'ich,"  the 
place  was  regularly  inverted,  and  batteries 
railed,  to  protcft  the  works.  On  the  17th 
of  Oftober  the  trenches  were  opened,  and 
on  the  loth  of  November  the  French  Gene- 
ral Mounier  feeing  the  defences  deftroyed 
and  the  provifions  exhaufted,  ofFcred  to  ca- 
pitulate, and  on  the  13th  furrendered,  when 
the  garrifon,  conlllting  of  3000  men,  were 
allowed  to  return  to  France,  on  condition  of 
not  ferving  again  till  exchanged.  The 
French  in  the  uege  loft  about  600  men,  and 
the  allies  30c.  The  conquerors  found  near 
600  pieces  of  cannon,  and  in  the  harbour 
tliree  (hips  of  the  line,  and  fome  (loops.  The 
population  is  eftimatcd  at  20,000.  It  is  a 
free  port,  with  a  convenient  harbour  ;  the 
chief  exports  are  grain,  wool,  and  (ilk.  It 
is  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  immediately  under  the 
pope.  On  the  mole  is  a  beautiful  triumphal 
arch  of  marble,  ereded  to  the  emperor 
Trajan.  107  miles  NNF.  Rome.  Lofig. 
13.  35.  E.  Lat.  43.  36.  N. 

Attcotia,  a  town  of  Abyflinia.  170  miles 
SSE.  Gondar. 

Ancoraymest  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  dio- 
cefe  of  La  Paz.     70  miles  NN  W.  La  Paz. 

Ancram,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Rok- 
burghfhire.  Soon  after  the  death  of  James 
V.  a  battle  was  fought  here  between  the 
Engliih  and  the  Scotch,  in  which  the  latter 
were  vidorious.    3  miles  N.  Jedburgh. 

Ancre,  or  Encre.,  lee  Albert. 

Ancry,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  pro- 
Tince  of  Berar.     43  miles  NNE.  Nccrmul. 

Ancy  le  Due,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  3  miles 
N.  Marcigny  les  Nonains. 

A7icy  le  Franc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Yonne.  24  miles  E. 
Auxcrre,  and  9  miles  SE.Tonnerre. 

Andaguaylas,  a  town  of  Peru,  and  capital 
of  a  diltrid  in  the  diocefe  of  Guamnnga. 
The  territory  is  large,  and  abounds  in  cattle, 
corn,  fruit,  and  fugar.  About  20  miles  from 
the  town  there  w^s  formerly  a  rich  (ilver 
mine,  now  filled  with  water.  60  miles  ESE. 
Guamanga.  100  miles  WNVV  Cufco. 

Andaloufa,  a  town  of  Algiers,  on  the  fea 
Coaft.     15  m.  W.  Oran. 

Andahtfia,  a  province  of  Spain,  d  vidcd 
into  Upper  and  Loww ;  Upper  Andalufia 


AND 

comprehends  the  kingdom  of  Grenada; 
Lower  Andalufia  comprehends  three  king- 
doms, Jaen,  Cordova,  and  Seville.  Confi- 
dered  as  a  particular  province,  it  is  moft  wes- 
terly of  the  fouthern  part  of  Spain;  and  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Eftramadura  and 
La  Mancha,  on  the  eaft  by  Murcia,  on  the 
fouth  by  the  fea  and  the  Straits  of  Gibral- 
tar, and  on  the  weft  by  Portugal:  1 70  miles 
in  its  utmoft  length  freni  Ubeda  to  Aya- 
monte,  and  about  rSo  wide.  Lower  Anda- 
lufia is,  without  doubt,  one  of  the  finefl 
countries  of  Spain,  the  richeft  and  moft  fer- 
tile; with  a  lar^>e  extent  of  fea  coaft,  inclu- 
ding the  very  flourifhing  cities,  Seville  and 
Cadiz.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Guadal- 
quiver,  Xenil,  Odier,  or  Odiel,  and  Rio 
Tinto.   For  Upper  Andalujia,  fee  Grenada. 

Andalufia  Neiv,  fee  {Spanijl}^  Guiana. 

Andaman,  two  iflands  fo  called  in  the 
Gulf  of  Bengal,  the  Great  and  Little.  The 
Great  Andaman  ts  about  50  leagues  long, 
and  8  wide.  The  Little  Andaman  is  about 
8  leagues  in  length,  and  5  in  breadth.  The 
inhabitants  are  or  a  gentle  harmlefs  difpofi- 
tion,  and  employ  themfelves  in  cultivating 
their  lands;  tliey  raife  great  plenty  of  rice 
and  fruit,  which  they  fell  to  European  vefTels 
that  pafs  that  way.  "  All  that  voyagers 
have  related  of  uncivilized  life,"  fays  Major 
Symes,  "  feems  to  fall  (hortof  the  barbarifm 
of  the  people  of  Andaman.  The  natives  of 
New-Zealand  and  Terra  del  Fuego  are  in 
a  relative  ftate  of  re(inement  compared  to 
thefe  ifl^nders.  The  population  of  Great 
Andaman,  with  all  its  dependencies,  hardly 
exceeds  2000  or  2500  fouls,  difperfed  in 
fmall  focieties  along  the  coafts,  or  on  the  lefTer 
idands  in  the  harbour,  never  penetrating  far 
inland.  Their  whole  employment  feems  to 
be  climbing  the  rocks,  and  roving  along  the 
lea-coaft,  for  a  precariousmealoflilb;  which, 
in  tempeftuous  weather,  they  often  leek  in 
vain.  In  ftature  they  feldom  exceed  five 
feet;  their  limbs  difproportionably  flender, 
bellies  protuberant, fhoulders  high,  and  heads 
large;  their  hair,  which  (hcws  them  of  the 
negro  origin,  is  woolly;  their  nofes  are  flat, 
and  their  lips  thick;  their  eyes  are  fmall  and 
red,  and  their  flcin  of  a  deep  iboty  black; 
with  countenances  exhibiting  a  degree  of 
wrctchednefs,  and  a  honid  mixture  of  fero- 
city arid  famine.  They  are  quire  naked ; 
but  two  young  women  who  were  allured  by 
the  temptations  of  fifh  on  board  an  Engliih 
vefTel,  were  careful  of  their  chaftity.  They 
have  but  few  implements,  and  thole  of  the 
rudeft  fort;  a  bow  about  four  or  five  feet 
long,  the  ftring  made  of  the  iibre  of  a  tree, 
or  a  flip  of  bamboo,  with  an  arrow  of  teed, 
headed  with  fifh  bone,  or  or  wood  hardened 
in  the  fire,  is  their  principal  w  pon  ;  hefiues 
this  they  have  a  wooden  Ipe^.  fharph  point- 
ed, and  a  (hield  made  of  the  bark  ot  a  tree. 


A  N  D 

TIic  numero'.'=^.  bays  and  crcelis  abound  with 
lilli,  which  they  lpc;ir  and  fuoot  with  fur- 
priling  dexterity.  They  are  likev/ij'e  laid 
to  bi  furniir;ed  with  hand-nets  and  baflcetP. 
A  few  diminutive  Iwine  arc  f.'.idto  be  ieen, 
and  but  few.  Their  habita'.ions  confift  of 
fo\ir  fticks  rtuck  in  the  ground,  which  are 
bound  together  at  the  top<  and  faftcned 
acrols  by  others,  to  which  branches  of  trees 
are  fulpended ;  an  opening  is  left  on  one  fide 
juft  large  enough  to  enter,  and  leaves  com- 
pcfe  the  bed.  Being  much  annoyed  by  in- 
fetfts,  b  the  morning  tiiey  plalter  themfelves 
over  with  a  fort  of  mud,  v/hich  hardening 
in  the  fan  forms  a  kind  of  armour,  'J'heir 
devotion  is  paid  to  the  lun  and  the  moon, 
5.nd  to  the  genii  of  the  woods,  waters,  and 
mountains.  Although  their  cliief  food  be 
£lh,  yet  they  will  eagerly  feize  on  whatever 
prcfents  itfelf.  Lizards,  guanas,  rats,  and 
ihake?,  are  not  refufed.  Birds  are  not  nu- 
merous; but  among  the  rocks  is  found  that 
bird  called  Salangone,  whofe  neits  are  fo 
higli-prized  and  valued  by  the  Chinefe."  It 
15  by  il)me  fjppofed  that  they  are  canibals, 
but  this  is  not  clearly  proved  ;  and  if  it  be  fo, 
Jrlajor  Symes  thinks  it  may  be  owing  to  the 
want  of  other  food  rather  than  natural  de- 
pravityl  The  Great  Andaman  lies  in  Long. 
52.40.  to  93.  15.  E.  and  Lat.  11.  22.  to  X2,' 
y^.  N.  The  little  Andaman  lies  about  10 
itagiies  S.  of  the  other. 

Anda}?iau,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fezzan. 
165  miles  E.  Mourzouk. 

_  Andavias,  a  town   of  Pevfja,  in  the  pro- 

tince  of  Chuliifan.     130  miles  W.  Ifpahan. 

Andamas,  Greats  a  group  of  iDandsin  the 

Chinefe  fea.   Loji^[.  105.  56.  V..  Lat.  3.  N. 

/'.ndinnas,  Liitle,   three  Imall   iflands  in 

the  Chinefe  fea.  Long.  106.  E.  /W.3.56.N. 

Amlainas,  South,  a  cluiferof  Imall  iflands 

hi  the  Chinefe  fea.  Long.  106.  az.  E.     Lat. 

X.  2 I.N. 

Andaincr,  a  range  of  mountains  in  Bile- 
ddgcrid,  E.  of  Fighig. 

Jndath'.gur,  fee  Aincdmigur. 
A/idanc:,  a  tov/n  of  Fiance,  in  the  depart- 
itu-nt  of  the  ArdCchc,  on  the  lllione.     ao 
Billes  N.  Valence,  and  12.  N.Tournon. 

Andiira-A,  a  tov/n  of  ^ip.iii;,  in  the  country 
of  (Grenada.  18  miles  jS'W.  Almeria. 
Andaraa.,  fee  Hlndcrabi. 
Andayc,  u  feaport  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lov/er  Pyrenees,  near  the 
D'.oiLth  of  the  iViuafiba,  on  ihc  holders  of 
Spain,  with  ftrong  fortillcations.  5  miles 
SVV.St.  Jean  dc  Luz. 

Atidul y  atown  of  Hindoc  flan,  in  the  cir- 

cir  of  I'.ilfah.     30  miles  LNE.  Bilfah,  120 

S.  Agra.     Lcjig.  78.  1  z.  E.  Lat.zi,.  -■./>.  N. 

All  ice' lid,  a  town  of  Balk,  in  thejihon. 

60  miles  SSW.  Balk. 

An.u'.r,  a  town  of  the  Helvetian  Repub- 
lic, in  the  (/liiojis.     "i  miles  SSW.  TulL. 


'A  N  D 

AvJegan,  or  Ferganah,  a  tov/n  cf  Tutr- 
keilan,  and  capital  of  a  diftrid  called.Ferga- 
nah,  within  the  confines  of  Chinefe  Tartary, 
on  a  river  Avhich  runs  into  the  Sihon.  210 
miles  NNE.  Samareand.  Long.  67.  30.  E. 
Lat.  42.  18.  N. 

AndelU  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  North  Coaft.  7  m.  E.  St.  Brieuc. 
Andcljingen-,  a  tov/n  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Zurich,  on  an  eminence,  near  the 
Ihur.     17  miles  NNE.  Zurich. 

Andclle,  a  river  of  France,  which  nins  in- 
to the  Seine,  about  10  miles  above  R.ouen. 

Andelot,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Marne,  on  the  river  Roug- 
non.    ID  miles  NNE.  Chaumont. 

Aadi'lfpach,  a  river  of  Germany,  which 
runs  into  the  Danube,  near  Scheer. 

Andcly  le  Grand,  a  town  of  France,  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  diftrict,  in  the  department  of 
Eure.  This  place  was  fortified  by  Pdchard 
I.  king  of  England.  In  the  reign  of  John  it 
was  taken  by  the  French.  17  miles  NNE- 
Evreux.   Long.  t.  30.  E.    Lat,  40. 15.  N. 

Andenes,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North  fea, 
near  the  coafl  of  Norway,  with  a  town. 
Lat.  68.  30.  N. 

A/idcfpahain,  a  town  of  Hindooitan,  in 
Coimbetore.  19  miles  NNW.  Daraporun>. 
j'lndera,  fee  Ijsndera. 
AndiTjb,  a  town  of  Ufbeck  Tartary,  fltu- 
ated  at  tlie  foot  of  the  mountains  w^hich  fe- 
parateindiu  andPeriia  from  Great  Bukhari:-}. 
Merchants  who  travel  from  Bukharia  to  In- 
dia muif:  pafs  by  this  town,  the  countries  be- 
ing every  where  elfe  feparated  bv  inaccefs- 
ible  mountains.  130  miles  E.  Balk.  Long. 
6S.  40.  E.  Lat.  36.  3.N. 

ylnd.'r-Efcb.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Forefts,  late  dutchy  of  Lux- 
emburg.    7  milts  S.  Luxemburg. 

shukrlech,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Dyle.  In  1 792,  a  battle  was 
fought  here  between  the  Auftrians  atui 
French,  in  v/hich  the  latter  were  vidorious. 
3  miles  S\V.  Bruffels. 
Anderviatt^  fee  Urferen. 
Andfniach,  a  town  of  Prance,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle,  hereto- 
fore a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle  of  the 
Lower  Rhine,  and  eleift orate  of  Cologn. 
It  was  formerly  imperial ;  and  a  toll  was  ex- 
aefed  from  veffels  palhng  the  Rhine,  for  the 
fupport  of  the  walls.  Andernach  was  one 
(if  the  fortreffes  which  Drufus  ereded  to 
keep  the  Germans  in  awe ;  and  at  one  of  the 
angles  of  the  wall  is  an  ancient  tower,  laid 
to  have  been  built  bv  him.  In  1632,  it  w;!S 
bcf;egcd  by  the  Swedes  ;  and  after  three davs 
the  garrifoii,  conliuing  of  800  men,  furren- 
dered.  In  1702,  it  was  taken  by  the  Prince 
of  Ilclfo.  Before  this  town  was  annexed  to 
France,  it  was  an  annua!  cultoni  on  St.  Bar- 
tholomew's day  to  preach  in  the  market- 


AN  D 


AND 


p]acea  fefmon  againft  the  inhabitants  of 
I,iiif^;  and  it  any  of  the  hitter  town  liad  u*. 
that  time  been  feen,  niilchiei  or  death  would 
mofl;  hkely  h.ivc  been  the  confequcnce.  The 
caufe  is  faid  to  have  been  this :  In  an  engage- 
ment under  the  Emperor  Charles  IV.  the 
people  ofLintz  ma/Tacred  thofe  of  Rhcineck. 
and  Andernach,  except  a  fcv/  whom  they 
fent  home  depriv'ed  of  their  ears.  Tlie  trade 
is  prmcipally  in  tiles,  timber,  and  mill-ftones, 
conveyed  by  the  Rhine,  near  which  the  town 
ftands.  In  its  neighbourhood  are  three  ir.e- 
dicinal  fprings.  6  miles  NW.  Coblentz,  and 
a5  SSE.  Cologn.  Long.  7.  20.  E.  Lat. 
50.  29.  N. 

Anderfk'onx),  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  the 
ifland  of  Zealand,     i  mile  SE.  Slagelfc. 

A?2dcrfon''s'  IJlandf  a  fmall  illand  in  the 
North  Pacific  Ocean;  fo  called  by  Capt. 
Cook,  in  memory  of  Mr.  Anderlbn,  ibrgcon 
of  the  Rcfolution,  who  died  near  it  in  1778. 
Long.  167.  40.  W.    Lat.  63.  10.  N. 

Anderfon^s  Creeks,  a  river  which  rifes  in 
the  weftern  territory  of  United  America, 
and  runs  into  the  Tenaflee,  Long.  ."7.  14. 
W.  Lat.  37.  46.  N. 

.  yf/A/ii'j-,  mountains  of  South-America.  This 
ridge  begins  in  the  Terra  Magellanica,  the 
f<5utherhmofl  part  of  South-America,  tra- 
vcrfes  the  kingdom  of  Chili,  the  provinces 
of  Buenos-Ayres,  Peru,  and  Quito;  where 
contradling  themfelves  as  it  were  for  a  paf- 
fage  through  the  iilhraus  of  Daricn,  they 
again  expand  their  ample  dominions,  and 
continue  their  courfe  through  the  provinces 
and  kingdoms  of  Nicaragua,  Guatimala, 
Cofta  Rica,  Terra  Firma,  Mexico,  &c.  with 
feveral  arms  for  ftrengthening,  as  it  were, 
the  conjundion  between  the  northern  con- 
tinents oi  America.  In  the  province  o'f 
Quito,  the  Andes  form  a  double  chain ;  and 
between  thefe  two  ridges  the  city  of  Quito, 
nnd  a  large  extent  of  fertile  land,  are  litu- 
ated.  The  mountains  v/hich  form  the  An- 
des extend  above  5000  Englifli  miles  in 
length:  nor  is  their  height  Icfs  remarkable 
than  their  extent;  their  fummits  are  always 
covered  with  fnov/,  even  in  the  midll  of  the 
torrid  zone.  In  many  of  them  are  volca- 
noes, and  in  the  greater  part  of  them  mines 
of  the  moft  precious  metals. 

Andefage,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  10  miles 
NE.  Agen. 

Andeze'iom:,  or  Dcderzeioiv,  a  town  of 
Poland,  in  the  palatinate  of  Cracov.-.  52 
miles  SSW.  Cracow. 

Aiidgeh  Biirun,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  Natolia,  in  the  Black  Sea.  Long.  35.  22. 
E.     Lat.  41.  27.  N. 

Andian,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia.  15 
miles  N.  Valhgcrd. 

Andicotta,  a  town  of  Ilindoofiran,  in  Cali- 
cut.    II  miles  N£.  Pauiany. 


AndjeiiaVt  fee  Angcvan, 

Andigtara^  a  town  of  Grand  Rukfnri.'ti 
on  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  xio  miles  E. 
Termed,  and  120  W.  Badakfluin. 

Andigiaray  a  river  of  Grand  Bukharia, 
which  runs  into  the  Harrat,  oppollte  Arhcnz- 

Andijaiui,  fee  Aiidegan. 

Andilla,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Valencia.     18  miles  from  Alicant. 

Andlaii,  a  river  of  France,  which  rifes 
near  the  town  fo  called,  and  runs  into  the 
111,  near  Fegertheim,  in  the  department  of 
the  Lower  Rhine. 

Aiidlau,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Rliine,  fituatcd  on  a 
infyuntain,  and  defended  by  a  caltlc.  18  miles 
SSVWStraihurg,  8  NVv".  Schlettltatt.  L77ig, 
7.  30.  E.     Lat.  48.  24.  N. 

Ando^  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North  Sen, 
near  the  coalf  of  Lapland.  Lat.  68.  24.  N. 

A/idoas,  a  town  of  Soulh-Amcrica,  in  the 
audience  of  Quito.    80  miles  E.  Macas. 

Andonldi,  a  tuv/n  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Caibari,  on  the  river  St.  Domiiigo.  Lat. 
4-52.N. 

A/idony,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  4.  30.  N. 

Andora,  a  town  of  Genoa,  a  miles  NE. 
Oncglia. 

Andorf,  a  town  of  German  v,  in  the  pi'in- 
cipality  of  Cnlrabach.  4  miles  S.  Marckt 
Erlbach. 

Andorno,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sella,  lately  in  the  lordfiiip  of 
Vercelli.  ijm.NNE.Ivrea,  a5NVv^Ven:elii. 

Andorra,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Cataloni^ 
fituated  in  a  valley,  to  which  it  gives  name, 
in  the  county  of  Cerdagne;  the  vailty  is  fur- 
rounded  with  die  Pyrenees,  and  made  for- 
merly a  part  of  the  county  of  Foix,  to  which 
it  joins;  it  is  fertile,  and  watered  by  a  liiiall 
river,  called  Balira,  %\'l-!ich  runs  inlo  the  Se- 
gra.     9  miles  N.  Urgel. 

Andojilla,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre.  6 
miles  from  Calahorra. 

Aihiova-,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Hants,  on  the  Imall  river  Anton,  which 
rifes  in  the  fcrelf  of  Chute.  It  is  faid  to  have 
received  its  iirft  charter  from  King  John; 
but  theprefent  corporation,  under  Elizabeth, 
is  compofed  of  a  bailiff,  recorder,  burgefies, 
&c.  The  chief  manufacture  is  that  of  flial- 
loons  and  malt.  From  its  iituation  on  tiie 
great  v/eflern  road  to  Exeter  and  Plymouth 
it  ha?  forae  good  inns.  In  1801,  the  number 
of  inhabitants  v/as  3304,  of  which  "1257  were 
employed  in  trade  and  manufaflures.  One 
member  is  fent  to  the  Briiifli  Parliament ; 
and  there  is  a  market  weekly  on  Saturday. 
The  neighbourhood  v/as  well  knovvn  to  the 
Romans;  and  near  it  they  had  ac;;mp,  on 
Quariy-Hill,  and  another  on  Brehill,  where 
their  fitesmav  be  traced,  many  of  the  trenches 
not  being  filled  up.     It  was  by  the  Saxcas 


AND 

«ftHcd  Andeafaran.  The  chuTch  of  St.  Mary 
was  by  William  the  Conqueror  given  to  the 
Abbv  of  St.  Florence  at  Saumur  in  Anjou; 
and  it  became  a  cell  to  that  monaftery  till  it 
w^fs  di{f  Ived  by  Henry  V.  who  gave  it  to 
\Vi  ichefter  colleq'e.  In  this  town,  in  the 
year  89;;,  Ethelred  king  of  England  adopted 
Anlaf  the  Dane.  Andover  fuffered  much 
in  :hc  civil  wars  between  Stephen  and  the 
Emprtfs  Matilda.  1 8  miles  ENE.  Salifbury, 
65  W.  London. 

yhdcver,  a  town  of  Maffachufets,  on  the 
McTmack.     25  miles  N.  Taunton. 

Andover,  p  town  of  New  Jerfey.  16  miles 
W.  Morris-Town. 

Aiidouille.  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mayenne,  near  the  river 
Ernce.     6  miles  N.  Laval. 

Andoyaco,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  province 
of  Lima.     32  miles  SE.  Xauxa. 

Atidozero,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  go- 
Tcrnmentof  Olonetz.  70m  NW.Povenetz. 
Andozerihi,  a  town  of  RufEa,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Olonetz.     44   miles  NNW. 
Pctrozavodlk. 

Andra  Jerba,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bal.ar,    6  miles  N.  Ramgur. 

Andrache,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Majorca. 
10  miles  W.  Palma. 

Andragiry.,  a  river  of  the  ifland  of  Suma- 
tra, which  gives  name  to  a  kingdom  or  pro- 
vince, and  runs  into  the  fea  on  the  eaft  coaft, 
Lat.  o.  30.  S. 

A?}diahy  a  town  of  Bengal.  1 2  miles  N  W. 
Ramgur. 

Aadranwi,  or  Anderutn,  a  town  ofSweden, 
in  the  province  of  Schonen :  it  has  fome  con- 
iiderable  alum-works.  14  miles  S.  Chriftian- 
fladt.     Long.  14.  4.  E.     Lat.  55.  48.  N. 

Andragiihitka^  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft 
•f  Madagafcar.  Long.  a,-i.  <;o.  E.  Lat. 
a3.i6.S. 

Andrea,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Upper-Gui- 
fiea,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  river 
Mefurado,  and  8  miles  from  its  mouth.  It 
contains  about  forty  or  fifty  houfes ;  its  prin- 
cipal riches  arc  palm  wine  and  rice;  they 
trade  alfo  in  ivory  and  flaves. 

Andreajhergy  fee  St.  Andreas  Berg. 

Andreevna,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  "the  go- 

ve:  nmcntof Ekaterinoflay.  48  m.SSE.Ekate- 

rinoflav.    Long.  32.  14.  E.    Lat.  47.  50.  N. 

Ar.drench,  or  Androna,  a  town  of  the  de- 

fert  of  Syria.    30  miles  SSE.  Aleppo. 

Andrahan,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Madagafcar,  in  Antongil  Bay.  Long.  50. 
aj.  E,     Lat.  15.  20.  S. 

Andres,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in  Na- 
tolia.     60  miles  E.  Angura. 

Andrctfa,  atown  of  Naples,  in  Principatro 
Ultra.     6  miles  N.  Conza. 

Andrevjkaia,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  Siberia , 
in  the  Frozen  Ocean.  Long.  96,  14.1:. 
Lat.  76.  20.  N» 


A  N  E 

Andrew* s  Bay,  a  bay  in  the  Straits  of  Ma- 
gellan, on  the  coaft  of  Patagonia.  9  miles 
SW  Wood's  Bay. 

Andria,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Bari ,  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fuffragan 
of  the  archbirtiop  of  Trani.  It  is  fltuated  in 
a  valley,  about  four  miles  from  the  coaft  of 
the  Adriatic.  This  town  was  founded  by 
Peter  the  Norman,  and  obtained  its  name 
from  the  antra  or  caverns  in  which  the  inha- 
bitants refided  before  the  town  was  built. 
Ifabella  of  England,  confort  of  the  Emperor 
Frederick,  lies  buried  here.  5  miles  WSW. 
Trani.  Long.  16  ao.  E.  Lat.i,\.  16.  N. 
Andria,  a  town  of  Afia,  in  Daghellan. 
90  miles  NNW.  Derbend. 
Andrhiople,  fee  Adrianople. 
Andrapotcra,  fee  Indrapour. 
Andro,  (anciently  Atidros,)  one  of  the 
moft  beautifial  and  fertile  iflands  of  the  Greek 
Archipelago.  It  produces  oranges*  citroni^ 
grapes,  olives,  jujebs,  pomegranates,  figs,  &c. 
but  its  principal  riches  arife  from  (ilk.  The 
ifland  pays  about  55,000  crowns  a  year  to 
the  Port :  it  is  governed  by  an  Aga,  who  re- 
fides  in  the  ifland.  Befides  A.ndros,  the  ca- 
pital, there  are  twenty-fix  fmall  towns  and 
villages.  It  is  about  24  miles  long,  and  6 
broad.  Long.  24.  50.  E.  Lat.  37.  50.  N. 
Andro,  the  capital  of  the  ifland  fo  called^ 
fltuated  on  the  eaft  coaft.  Long.  45.  a,  £. 
Lat.  37.  46.  N. 

Andro  Vecchiot  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Andro.     10  miles  NW.  Andro. 
Androna,  fee  Andreneh. 
Androuiga,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus. 
16  miles  N.Famagufta. 

Andres  JJlandsy  or  IJles  del  Efpiritu  Santo, 
a  range  of  Iflands  among  the  Bahamas, 
extending  about  80  miles  from  N.  to  S. 
Lo?!g.  Tj.  to  78.  15.  W.  Lat.  44  to  25^ 
20.  N. 

Andrufa,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  ia 
the  Morea.     20  miles  NE.  Naverin. 

Andrnjpjv,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Smolenlk;  noted  foT  a  treaty  made 
here  in  1667,  between  Ruflia  and  Poland. 
la  miles  S.  Smolenfk. 
_  Atidijero,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Farfiftan,  on  the  coafl  of  the  Per- 
fian  Gulf.  Long.  51. 12.  E.  Lat.  %%.  a8.  N. 
Andugan,  fee  Ar.degan. 
Andujar,  or  Anduxar,  a  town  or  city  of 
Spain,  in  the  province  of  Jaen,  fituated  in  a 
plain,  on  the  Guadalquivir,  over  which  is  a 
bridge.  It  is  built  on  the  ruins  of  the  ancient 
town  called  Aiidujar  el  Viejo,  which  was 
the  Illurgis,  or  Iliiturgis,  or  Forum  Julium, 
of  the  Romans.  It  is  large  and  rich,  de- 
fended with  a  caftle,  and  adorned  with  fome 
beautiful  churches  and  convents.  The  en- 
virons  abound  in  wheat,  wine,  oil,  honey, 
divers  forts  of  fmit  and  game.  21  miles  N\\J. 
Jaen.  Long.  4.  8.  W.    Lat.  38.  9.  N. 


AN  G 


A  N  G 


Anduhca,  a  town  of  Bengal.  lo  miles  N. 
Ki  ftienagur. 

Anduzc,  a  town  of  France,- in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gard.  ao  milcii  NW.  Nifniics, 
and  7.  SW",  Alais. 

Andycotet  a  town  of  Bengal.'  35railes  E.- 
Dacca. 

Ansd  (Bel)  a  town  of  Nubia.  45  miles 
8.  Chiggre. 

Ancdour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Madu- 
ra,    ao  miles  W.  Madura. 

A'lt'gada  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on 
the  coail  of  Patagonia,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Rio  de  los  SauceSc     Lat.  44.  45.  S. 

Anegada^  or  Anagada,  an  ifiand  in  ti"ie 
Weft-Indies,  fo  low  as  to  l.e  almolt  covered 
with  the  fea  iii  high  tides.  Lcng.  64.  rii. 
W.    Lai.  rg.  38.  N. 

Aneio,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
ofOtranto.     8  miles  SW.  Brindiii. 

Ansmary  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  i;i 
Cara:;aania,  on  a  point  of  land  which  pro- 
jefls  into  the  Mediterranean,  oppolite  the 
iHand  of  Cyprus.  120  miles  S.  Koaieh. 
Long.  32.  30.  E.     Lat.  36.  15.  N. 

Ane.ran,  a  town  of  North-Carolina,  near 
Cape  Fear  River.     6  miles  N.  Biunf.vick. 

Aneriy  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  illand  of 
Niphon.     95  miles  W.  Meaco. 

Atics,  a  river  of  Canada,  wliich  runs  into 
the  St.  Lawrence,  Long.  jz.  zo.  W.  Lai. 
46.  i7-  N. 

Anei,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  deiiart- 
mcRt  of  the  Eure  and  Loire,  near  the  Eure. 
8  miles  NNE.  Dreux. 

A;:L'i,  a  town  of  Helvetia,  in  the  canton  of 
Berne.     17  miles  WNW.  Berne. 

Anfanty  a  town  of  PerGa.  30  miles  NW. 
^areng. 

Anfdldc?!,  a  town  of  Franconia.  12  miles 
NW,  Anfpach. 

Anjiloquuty  iee  Filoquia. 
Aiifoy  a  town  of  Italy,     ao  miles  NNE. 
Brefcia. 

Angady  a  barren  defert  of  Africa,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Algiers,  84  miles  long,  and  54 
wide,  formerly  the  well  part  of  the  province 
of  Tremccen,  in  the  road  to  Fez.  There 
are  a  few  villages  or  towns,  inhabited  by 
Arabs,  the  chief  of  which  are  Guagida, 
Tenzegzet,  and  Zezil. 

Angamally,  a  town  of  Cochin.  t,i  miles 
E.  Cranganore. 

Angarnarca,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  au- 
dience of  Lima.     3a  miles  NE.  Riobamba. 

Angan,  or  Arigar,  or  Hindsjam,  a  fmall 
ifland  in  the  Periian  Gulf.  Lat.  26.  37.  N. 

Angaueery  a  town  of  Hindooftan  in  Gu- 
zerat.     13  miles  NW".  NafFuck. 

Angaiitoky  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Ceylon. 
25  miles  SE.CoIumbo. 

Angara,  a  river  of  Ruffia,  v/hich  rifes  in 
the  lake  Baikal,  and  runs  into  the  £nil"ei; 
sot  fax  from  the  towQ  of  EiuleUlc, 


Angara,  Verc'^,  a  river  of  Siberia,  whiA 
rur.^  in'o  the  B^iik.il  Lake.  Long.  108.30. 
E.     Lat.  ss-  10.  N. 

AKgtva,^  town  of  Thibet,  ao  miles 
,NNW.  Dharnifaleh. 

.  .  Angaraei,  a  town  of  Peru,  and  capital  of 
a  diiirid,  in  the  biilioprick  of  Guannnga. 
The  air  is  pure,  and  foil  fertile.  The  inha- 
bitants raife  a  great  number  of  cattle.  39 
miles  S.  Guamang*. 

Angarrja,  or  Angaziga,  or  Coniora,  en's 
of  the  Comora  iflands,  in  the  Indian  fea, 
arc  miles  from  the  coaft  of  Africa.  It  is 
Inhabited  by  Moors,  who  traftic  with  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  continent,  and  feveral  of  tiie 
ifiands  in  the  eaii,  by  means  of  their  fruiiG 
and  otiier  prodiiftions  of  the  ifland,  bartei- 
ing  them  for  ciiicocs  and  other  cotton  ma- 
nufactures. The  bread  ufed  in  thefe  iflan(|p 
is  made  of  the  kernel  of  cocoa  nuts,  boiled 
or  broiled,  and  covered  v/ich  honey:  their 
drink  is  palm  wine,  and  a  juice  extradted. 
from  tiie  fuear-cane,  which  they  ie.ive  to 
fjrrnent;  or  the  milk  uf  the  cocoa-nut.  They 
never  let  ftrangers  fee  their  women,  v/ithout 
a  permiilion  from  their  chiefs,  or  an  order 
brought  bv  die  flianger  himfJf ;  many  of 
them  fpeak  and  write  die  Arabic  language 
v.'ith  facility,  and  fome  even  underfland  tha 
Portuguefe  tongue :  this  advantage  they 
derive  from  their  trade  in  the  Mozambi<jue 
Straits,  which  they  carry  on  in  vcBcls  of 
about  t.;rty  tons.,  They  build  their  houfcs 
with  ilone  and  lime,  mtdc  from  calcined 
oyiler-ihelis,  with  which  they  cover  their 
walls  and  roofs;  their  windows  are  fliadcd 
by  the  leaves  of  the  palm-tree,  which  pro- 
teft  them  at  the  fame  time  from  the  violence 
of  the  rain,  and  the  excefiive  heat  of  the  fun. 
The  government  of  this  ifle  is  ariftocratiail, 
and  is  conduced  by  ten  of  its  princij>al  in- 
habitants.   Long. /!)■},.  20.^.    Z/<//.  11.40.S. 

Angaruvi,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bar- 
ramjtj.    23  miles  N.  Namacul. 

Augafn,  an  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea,  eaft- 
ward  of  Madagafcar,  Long.  58.  lo,  E. 
Za/.  17.S. 

Angaziga,  fee  Angareja. 

Angediva,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Canara,  much  frequented 
by  the  Portuguefe  in  their  early  voyages  for 
refitting  their  vcffcls,  and  refrefliing  their 
crews.  Almeydab;:ilta  ftrongfort.  44miles 
S.  Goa.    Lo7ig.  73.  53.  E.  Lat.  14.  46.  N, 

Angela,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.     12  miles  NNE.  Aveiro. 

Angel,  a  river  of  Wcftphalia,  which  rifes 
near  Alen,  and  runs  into  the  Embs  Dear 
Munftcr. 

Angelana,  a  town  of  Perfia,  In  the  pro- 
vince of  Irak.     25  miles  N.  Com, 

A'gell,  a  river  of  North* Wales,  which 
runs  into  the  Douye. 

Angibiismiy  a  town  of  ^wed^jn,  in  the  go* 


A  N  G 

Tcrnmcnt  of  Abo.  ai  miles' ESE.  Abo. 
//Wi^.  2 •2.  44.  E.  I,at.  60.  19.  N. 

An:;:cLs  Los,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in 
the  province  of  New  Navarre.  205  miles  S. 
Cafa  Grande. 

yln^elos,  fee  Puehla  dc  hs  Angelos._ 

Aiigelos.,  Los,  a  town  of  South-America,  In 
Chili.     50  miles  SE.  La  Conception. 

Angelas,  Los,  a  town  of  Paraguay.  360 
miles  "S£.  Alfumpcia. 

Angcly,L\  a  town  of  France  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Jemappe,     4  miles  SW.  Charlcroy. 

Angsiiila,  a  fmall  illand  at  the  eaft  en- 
trance of  the  Straits  of  Sunda.  Ijong,  106. 
^8.  E.    Lnt.s,^^.  S. 

Anger,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Stiria. 
i;  miksNNE.Gratz. 

Anger,  a  town  of  Auftria.  8  miles  S. 
St.  Poken. 

A:rgL'rAp,  a  river  of  Pruffia,  which  rifes  in 
a  lake  near  Goidap,  and  joins  the  Inller, 
near  Iniferburg,  to  form  the  Pregel. 

Angerhdch,  a  river  of  Germany,  which 
runs  into  the  Havel,  near  Patfdam. 

Angtrhurg,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  on  a  lake, 
to  which  it  gives  name,  in  the  province  of 
Cartenland,  defended  by  a  callle.  $$  miles 
SE.  Konigfnerg,  40  E,  Hcilfperg.  Long. 
ai.55.E.  A/7/.  54.7-N. 

Angcrec-Polnt,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Java,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river 
called  Angerce.  L,o::g.  105.  47.  E.  Lai. 
6.  2.S. 

Angcrnmnn,  a  river  of  Sweden,  which 
rifes  in  the  Lappmark  of  Afelc,  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Norv/ay,  a'ld  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia,  Long.  17.  50.  E.   L.at.  6?,.  .58.  N. 

jlngcrvianv.lar.d,  a  province  of  Sweden, 
boundeil  on  ihe  north  by  Bfothnu  and  Lap- 
l.ind,  on  thr".  call  by  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  on 
thcfouth  byMedelpad,  and  on  the. well  by 
Jcmptland,  and  a  linall  part  of  Norway:  it 
is  'full  of  mountains  and  forcils  ;  about  80 
miles  iliuare. 

Angcrinund,  a  town  of  tlie  dutchy  of 
Courland-  16  miles  NE*  Piltyn.  Long.  zz. 
14.  E.     Z.'//.  5  7.  4.  N. 

Aiigcnuimd,  a  town  of  Gcrm.any,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Berg.     7  miles  N.  Dufilldorp. 

Avgcrmund,  (Ncv:,)  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  Uckermark  of  Brandenburg.  18  miles 
S.  Prenzlow,  and  40  N.  Berlin.  Long.  14. 
.I.E.  Z.;/. 53.  I.N. 

Angerc,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Citra.     II  miles  WNW.  Salerno. 

Angcrorl,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Berg.     9  miles  N.  Dufieldorp. 

A-gcrs,  a  city  of  France,  and  capital  of 
the  deparimtnt  'of  the  Mavne  and  Loire, 
Jituatcd  on  the  Mayne.  Before  the  revolu- 
tion, it  wa:;  the  capital  of  Anjou,  and  fee  of 
a  bifhnp  ludVagan  of  Tours,  wiih  16  parilh 
churchcv,  bvfiues  a  cathedral  and  feveral 
KOfiVents.  Aa  univcrlltv  was  founded  in  ll:c 


A  N  G 

year  1:46,  and  an  academy  of  the  belles 
lettres  in  16S5.  The  fin'l  walls,  built  by 
John  king  of  England,  and  count  of  Anjou, 
were  dcflironed  by  Louis  VIIL  whofe  fon 
rebuilt  them  in  their  prefent  form,  in  the 
year  1232.  The  caftle  is  built  on  a  rock, 
and  was  originally  defigned  as  a  defence 
againll  the  Englifn,  afier  Anjou  was  furren- 
dered  to  France ;  the  houfes  arc  all  covered 
with  flate,  furnifiied  by  ijuarries  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood. They  compute  30,000  inhabi- 
tants in  Angers.  In  1202,  it  was  taken  by 
the  French  :  in  1206,  it  was  retaken,  and 
ordered  to  be  burned  down  by  King  John; 
however,  he  afterwards  repaired  and  fortified 
it.  In  1230,  it  was  again  taken  by  the  French. 
In  1793,  it  was  feized  by  the  royalif!-s  of 
Vendee,  but  not  held  long.  loJ  poff  s  ENE. 
Nantes,  and  2,S  SW.  Paris.  Long.  o.  28.  W. 
Lat.Ai-  28.  N. 

Angerfee,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Cour- 
land.     32  miles  E.  Goldingen. 

Angerfo^^iowii  of  Sweden,  in  Helfingland, 
70  miles  WNVv .  Hudwikfv/all. 

Angerum,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bar- 
ramaul.     23  miles  N.  Namacul. 

Angcrvllle,  a  towd  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Seine  and  Oile.  10  miles  S. 
Eflarapes,  and  43  S.  Paris. 

Angcrvuls,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Seine.  7  miles  NE. 
Montivillicrs. 

Angcvan,  or  Andgevcvi,  a  town  of  Perlia, 
in  the  province  of  Irak.    60  m.  SSE.  Cafbin. 

Aiighlsra,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Olona,  on  the  eaft  fide  of  Lake 
Maggiora,  erected  into  a  compte  by  the 
emperor  Wenceilaus,  in  1397,  and  had  for- 
merly powerful  lords  of  its  own,  who,  be- 
fidcs  the  town  of  Anghiera,  were  pofl'effed 
of  Arona,  Domo  d'Olcella,  Margozzo,  and 
fbme  others,  with  a  diftri6l  fertile  and  well 
peopled.  30  miles  NW.  Milan.  LoHg.%. 
27.  E.  A?;.  45.  38.  N. 

Angkiari,  a  town  of  Italy  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mincio,  near  the  Adige.  In 
March  1799,  tlie  French  v/ere  defeated  by 
the  Auffrians,  near  this  town.  They  loft 
2000  men  in  killed  and  wounded,  ana  600 
prifoners,  with  11  pieces  of  cannon,  and  32 
tumbrels.  The  Poliih  legion  ofDombrow- 
fky,  compofed  chiefly  of  Auftrian  deferters, 
were  allowed  no  quarter.  %  miles  NW. 
Legnano. 

Angiia,  a  town  of  Perfia.  30  miles  W. 
Schiras. 

Angijiri,  an  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Engia, 
on  the  coall  of  Greece,  about  7  miles  in  cir- 
cumference. Long.  23.  22.  E.  Lat.  37. 
41.  N. 

An<^itola,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  rife* 
in  Calabria  Ultra,  and  runs  into  the  gulf 
of  Fufemia.  8  miles  N.  Monteleonc.  Long. 
16.  38.E.  t,ut,  30.  47.  N. 


A  N  G 


A  N  G 


Angla,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guze-  curfes,the  pooY  refources  of  barbarous  fuper- 

tJLt.     17  miles  S.  Amedabad.  ftition.     But  before  he  had  well  effedted  his 

jingle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-  concjueft,  he  was  recalled  by  a  general  infur- 

ment  of  Vendee.     lo  miles  WSW.  Lu9on.  rection  of  the  countries  behind  him,  under 

y/«cf/(f,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-  the  conduct  of  that  famous  heroine  Boadicea, 

mcnt  of  Vienne,  on  the  Creuie.     20  miles  E.  or  Bonduca;  which  procured  the  remnant  or 

Poitiers.  the  Druids  a  fhort  refpite  of  fifteen  years, 

Anglen,  or  Augelcn,  a  fmall  country  of  when  the  ifland  was  again  attacked,  and  to- 

Denmark,  in  the  dutchy  of  Slefwick,  from  tally  reduced,  by  Julius  Agricola.    To  the 

16  to  20  miles  in  length,  and  little  lefs  in  whole  of  this  relation,  given  us  by  one  of  the 

breadth  ;  fituated  between   Flenfburg    and  moft  accurate  Roman  hiftorians,  the  nume* 

Slefwick ;  it  belongs   for  the  moft   part  to  rous  monuments  of  their  facrcd   rites,  the 

the  duke  of  Slefwick-Gottorp.     Many  au-  ancientnamesofplaces,and  many  other  indu- 

thors  fuppofe,  that  from  the  people  of  this  bitable  as  well  as  indelible  chara(5ters,  afford 

fmall  country  the  Englifh  originated  ;  being  concurrent  teftimonies.     To  thefe  we  may 

called  in  to  aflift  the  Britons  againft  invaders  probably  add,   the  very  old  and  common 

from  Norway,  they  in  procefs  of  time  be-  Britifh  faying,  Mo?i  Ma7n  Gy7?/rie ;  Mon, 

came  mafters  of  the  country,  and  gave  it  the  the  mother,  or  nurfc,  of  Wales :  for  though 

name  it  now  bears,  England.  this  is  uliially  underftood  of  its  fertility,  yet 

Angler,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia.    9  it  feems  to  be  more  applicable  to  its  being 


miles  WSW.  Gerona. 

Angles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
mentoftheHerault.  9milesWNW.St.P0ns 


the  refidcnce  of  the  Druids,  whom  the  pri- 
mitive unconquered  Britons  held  to  be  the 
parents  of  fcienceand  guardians  of  fociety. 


Anglefea,  a  county  and  ifland  of  North-  After  this  conquefl,  Mona,  as  a  part  of  the 

Wales,  in  the  Irifh  fea,  feparated  from  the  province  fliled  BritannicaSecunda,  remained 

main  land  b\'  a  flrait  or  narrow  channel,  fubje(5t  to  theie  prudent  and  powerful  peo- 

called  77'!?  Menai.  This  ifland  was  known  to  pie,  who  have  alfb  left  fome  remains,  though 

the  Romans  by  the  name  of  Mona,  v/hich  is  not  of  public  or  private  buildings,  yet  of 

evidently  no  more  than  foftening  the  Britifh  coins,  urns,  and  utenfils,   abundantly  fuffi- 

appellation  Mon,  or  Tir  Mon,  the  fartheft  cicnt  to  manifeft  they  once  refided  m  this 

land.     It  was,  indeed,  in  regard  to  this  of  ifle.    When  the  Romans  entirely  abandoned 

Britain,  another  ifle,  and  in  reipcift  to  fitua-  our  country,  the  natives  feem  to  have  refu- 

tion,  the  remotefl   from  the  continent.    It  rned  that  kind  of  government  under  which 

had  a  fecond  name,  alfo  derived  from  its  they  had  lived  before  they    came  hither, 

being  almoft  entirely  covered  with  wood,  At  leaft  it  is  certain,  that  many  princes  were 

and  this  was,  Fri-Touil;  or  as  the  moderns  acknowledged  at  one  and  the'fame  time,  in 

write  it,  I'fiys-Dywylh,  t\it  Shady  Ifland  ;  different  parts  of  the  ifland.    Amongft  thefe, 

and  though  now  a  very  open  country,  yet  Cafwallon-law-hir   fixed  his    regal  feat  in 

that  it  was  once  in  this  condition,  appears  Mona;  though  the  family  name  v/as  not  taken 

plainly  from  the  number  of  large  trees  that  from  him,  but  from  his  fon,  who  was  called 

are  dug  up  therein,  and  which  confcquently  Malgwyn  Gwynedd,  and  fucceeded  in  the 

mufl  have  grown  there.   It  was  this  that  in  a  beginning  of  the  flxtli  century  ;  from  whom, 

very  peculiar  manner  recommended  it  to  the  in  a  direct  line,  fprung  Cadwailader,  the 

Druids ;   who,  when  driven  by  the  Roman  lafl  king  of  the  Britons.     This  monarch, 

conqueror,  from  among  the  Britifh  people,  finding  himfelf,  after  many  flruggles,  unable 

as  enthufialtic  lovers  of  liberty,  and  confc-  to  refill  the  fupericr  arms  of  the  Saxons,  re- 


quently  enemies  to  their  power,  took  flielter 
in  this  fhadyifle  ;  whence  it  was  called  by  a 
third  name,  Tn-js-y-Cedeirn,  that  is,  the 
Ifland  of  Heroes.     Here  they  were  in  hopes 


tired  to  Bretagne,  or  Britanny,  in  France. 
His  dependents,  however,  continued  to  rule 
in  Whales;  and  Roderic  Vaur,  i.  e.  Roderic 
the  Great,   who  wore  the  princely  diadem 


of  remaining  in  peace  ;  but  the  Roman  am-  about  the  middle  of  the  ninth  century,  and 

bition  knowing  no  bounds,  Caius  Suetonius  was  contemporary  with  king  Alfred,  made 

Paulinus,  having  overcome  the  Oidovices,  that  divifion   of  power  which  fubfilfed  as 

who  inhabited  the  adjacent  country,  refolved  long  as  the  Britons  continued  free.   Accord- 

alfo  to  pafs  over  into  Mona,  and  to  extirpate  ing  to  this  inllitution,  the  pre-cnunence  was 

the  Druids,  who  had  chofen  it  for  their  re-  given  to  the  prince  of  North-Wales,  whole 

treat.     With  this  view  he  prepared  fiat-bot-  capital  he  eflablifhed  at  Aberffraw,  in  this 

tomed   boats  for  tranfporting  his  infantry,  ifland;  and  the  other  two  princes  of  South- 

the  horfe  being  able  to  fwhn  over  the  nar-  Wales  and  Powis  paid  the  fame  tribute  to 

row  ftrait  that  divides  this  ifle  from  the  con-  him,  that  he  did  to  the  king  of  London  ; 

tinent;  and  by  the  vigour  and  valour  of  the  for  fo  the  Britons  ftiled  the  chief  monaich 

Roman  forces,  eafily   overthrew  a  race  of  of  the  Saxons.   This  divilion  we  find  recog- 

unarraed  people,   who  oppofed  him  only  nized  and  confirmed  bv  the  laws  ofHowcI 

Ufith    cries,   execrations,    and  unavailing  Dha,  i.  e.  Howel  the  Good.    Under  thefe 
Vol.  I.                                         H 


A  N  G 

princes,  without  doubt,  this  ifland  was  in  its 
moft  flourilhing  condition  ;  and  may,  with 
great  probability,  be  affirmed  to  have  had  at 
the  leaft  thrice  as  many  inhabitants  as  it  has 
at  prefent.  One  cannot  well  luppofe,  that 
this  could  have  happened  without  the  affift- 
ance  of  commerce;  which  will  appear  ilill 
the  more  likely,  when  we  are  told  that 
AberfFraw,  though  now  an  inconfiderable 
villaj>;e,  was  then  a  diftinguiflied  port,  as  it 
is  ftill  an  improvable  maritime  place.  As 
there  are  very  few  remains  of  the  Britifh  his- 
tory within  or  indeed  long  after  this  period, 
it  is  no  great  wonder  that  we  are  deflitute, 
even  in  a  point  of  fuch  importance,  of  more 
pofitive  proofs :  there  is,  however,  orie  fa<5t 
which  has  happilyefcaped  oblivion, and  adds 
a  degree  of  certainty  to  our  fuppofition  ;  it  is, 
tliat  Madoc  ap  Owen,  fon  to  the  famous 
Owen  Gweneth,  prince  of  North-Wales, 
finding  the  country  in  confufion,  and  his 
brother  embarked  in  a  civil  war,  put  to  fea 
with  a  fmall  fquadron,  on  board  of  which 
were  fuch  as  were  inclined  to  follow  his  for- 
tunes; and  lleering  due  weft,  having  Ireland 
to  the  north,  arrived  in  an  unknown  coun- 
try ;  from  whence  he  afterwards  returned, 
and  made  fo  favourable  a  report,  that  he 
carried  away  with  him  a  numerous  colony, 
of  whom  never  any  more  was  heard.  What 
rumber  of  ihips  compofed  his  firft  fquadron 
we  are  ignorant,  but  the  laft  confifted  of 
ten  fall ;  and  he  is  prcfumed  to  have  difco- 
vered  America,  three  hundred  years  before 
Columbus.  This  affertion,  true  or  falfe, 
tends  to  prove,  that  in  thefe  days  the  coun- 
try was  well  inhabited,  had  fome  Ihare  of 
uade,  and  a  maritime  force.  As  to  the  mo- 
dern name  of  Anglefea,  or  Anglefey,  i.  e. 
the  Englilh  Ifland,  it  is  not  eafily  to  be 
traced.  Bcda,fpeaking  of  this,  and  of  Mann, 
calls  them  the  Menarian  iflands;  repre- 
fents  this,  which  he  calls  the  moft  Ibuthern, 
as  bv  much  the  largeft,  moft  fertile,  and  beft 
inhabited;  and  afliires  us  they  both  paid  tri- 
bute to  Edwin  king  of  Nortliumberland. 
In  the  Saxon  chronicle  we  find  Angleiba; 
but  then  it  relates  to  a  tranlaftion  after  the 
Norman  conqueft.  That  the  Saxons  might 
covet  and  much  affcft  fo  iine  a  country, 
and  defireto  polTels  this,  with  fo  many  other 
rich  provinces,  of  which  they  had  defpoiied 
the  Jkitons,  we  may  eafily  conceive  ;  but 
that  from  this  appellation  it  Ihould  be  re- 
garded as  ever  being  in  their  hands  as  a  pof- 
Jcliion,  hillory  affords  us  no  warrant  to 
affirm.  The  moft  probable  account  of  the 
matter  is,  that  the  Angles  in  their  very  firft 
^ittenipts  on  Britain,  might  land  upon,  and 
niiikc  lome  imprelfion  here,  which  mduced 
diem,  by  way  of  claim,  to  c;dl  it  their  i/land. 
Jiut  Cafwallun,  difcerninghow  commodious 
if  was  for  his  purpoil',  and  believing  the 
B;  iions  could  not  chulc  a  better  retreat  than 


A  N  G 

the  ifle  in  which  the  Druids  fought  fhelter, 
began  to  provide  for  its  fecurity;  and  left 
his  pofterity  the  means,  as  well  as  gave  them 
the  advice,  to  defend  it  againft  the  Norwegi- 
ans, Irifh,  Normans,  and  all  invaders ;  which, 
after  his  example,  they  gallantly  performed, 
and  raifcd  various  monuments  (fome  ot 
which  l^ill  remain)  of  their  vicflories.  Hence, 
though  known  to  its  natives  only  by  the 
appellation  of  Mon,  the  name  of  Anglefey 
was  common  amongft  the  Saxons,  and  from 
them  pafled  to  the  Normans,  and  fo  to  us. 
As  the  renown  of  the  princes  of  North- 
Wales  began,  fo  it  ended,  in  this  ifle. 
For  here,  under  Llewelyn  ap  Gryfhth,  (die 
laft  of  thefe  princes)  the  army  of  king  Ed- 
ward I.  which  pafTed  the  ftraits  of  Menai 
over  a  bridge  of  boats,  in  the  very  fame 
place  where  Julius  Agricola  had  entered 
the  ifland,  was  defeated  with  great  lofs. 
But,  notwithftanding  this  promifing  vidiory, 
very  foon  after.  Prince  Llewelyn  and  his 
brother  David  were  both  (lain.  This  mo- 
narch, the  better  to  maintain  his  conqueft, 
built  and  fortified  the  town  of  Beaumaris,  in 
this  ifland  ;  erecting  alfo  the  ftrong  calfle 
of  Carnarvon,  on  the  oppofite  fide ;  and, 
to  conciliate  the  minds  of  his  new  fubjefts, 
declared  his  fon  Edward,  born  in  the  place 
laft-mentioned.  Prince  of  Wales.  But  as 
the  king,  for  his  farther  fecurity,  made  large 
grants  of  land  to  many  of  the  Englifh  no- 
bility, new  feuds  enfued,  in  which  multitudes 
of  the  Welfh  perilhed.  When  by  degrees 
they  became  in  fome  meafure  reconciled  to 
the  Englifh  dominion,  their  loyalty  proved 
at  leaft  as  fatal  as  their  former  fpirit  of  dil- 
content ;  for  having  fhewn  a  ftrong  attach- 
ment to  Richard  II.  and  his  heirs,  this  ex 
pofed  them  to  the  refentnient  of  the  Houfe  of 
Lancafter,  who,  through  the  courfe  of  three 
reigns  perfecutcd  them  with  unrelenting 
fevcrity;  and  amongft  m.any  other  rigorous 
laws,  prohibited  the  breeding  their  children 
to  learning,  or  apprenticing  them  to  trades  ; 
whence  it  is  eafy  to  apprehend  how  thefe 
countries  can)e  to  be  depopulated,  their  inha- 
bitantslefiicivilized,  and  even  their  beft  impro- 
ved lands  rendered  defolate.  But  upon  the 
acceflion  of  Henry  VII.  who,  by  the  father's 
fide,  was  of  Britifh  blood,  and  who  chiefly 
by  the  courage  of  thefe  his  countrymen,  was 
railed  to  the  throne,  they  met  with  better 
ufage.  Henry  VIII.  divided  Wales  into 
counties,  and  gave  that  denomination  to 
Anglefey,  allowing  it  to  fend  two  members 
to  Parliament,  one  a  knight  of  the  fnire,  and 
tlie  other  as  a  burgefs  for  Beaumaris.  An- 
glefey is  furrounded  on  every  fide  by  the 
Ivifh  fea,  except  on  the  i'outh,  where  it  is 
divided  troiu  the  continent  by  what  is  fome- 
tuv.cs  called  the  Strait,  and  fbmetimes  the 
river  Menai,  Aqua  Mena,  Mtn-au,  in  Britiili 
the  NiUTow  Water ;  ftrctchiivg  from  tail  to 


A  N  G 

veil  the  whole  bre;-dth  of  the  ifland,  in  fome 
places  deep,  in  others  Hiallow,  and  even 
furdablc  ;  whence,  though  with  very  little 
foundation,  it  has  been  doubted  whether  this 
was  always  an  ifland.  The  form  of  the 
country  is  very  irregular,  nieafuring  in 
length  from  fouth-eaft  to  north-weft  twenty- 
four,  in  breadth  about  eighteen,  and  in  cir- 
cumference between  llxty  and  feventy  Eng- 
lifh  miles.  The  climate  is  mild  and  tempe- 
rate, though  fomewhat  incommoded  by 
iiiifts  riling  from  the  fea  in  autumn,  when 
agues  are  in  that  feafon  pretty  frequent. 
The  foil  is  much  better  than  it  promifes  to 
the  eye  ;  for  notwithft.inding  it  is  marfhy  in 
fome  places,  and  ftony  in  others,  yet  it  is 
wonderfully  fertile,  maintaining,  in  this  re- 
I'pcdV,  the  charadcr  it  anciently  obtained  of 
being  the  granary  of  Wales.  It  is  alio  very 
iinely  diverfitied  with  hills  and  valiies, 
though  the  face  of  the  country  is  in  general 
more  level  than  moft  of  the  neighbouring 
counties ;  and  the  pafture  upon  the  hills 
is  efteemed  as  excellent  as  the  grain  pro- 
duced in  the  arable  grounds.  In  confequence 
of  its  being  fprinkled  with  hills,  it  is  not 
only  more  wholefome  and  pleafant,  but  alfo 
infinitely  better  watered  than  it  otherwife 
would  have  been;  having,  befides  brooks  and 
IcfTer  ftreams,  no  fewer  than  twelve  rivalets, 
among  which  are  Kevenney,  Alau,  and  Frau, 
that  may  with  more  propriety,  perhaps,  be 
lliled  rivers  ;  which  fome  or  other  of  them 
run  into  the  fea  on  each  fide  of  the  iile, 
uffording  thereby  to  all  parts  of  the  country 
a  due  proportion  of  moifture.  The  fhore 
alfo  is  fo  indented,  that  there  are  every 
where  bays  and  creeks,  fome  that  are,  fome 
that  have  been,  and  all  of  them  might  be 
rendered  very  beneficial  to  the  inhabitants. 
The  fituation  of  the  whole,  in  refpeft  to 
other  countries,  islikewife  admirable;  being 
equally  convenient  and  well  difpofed  for 
driving  a  coaft  trade  with  the  north-weft 
part  of  England,  the  fout!i  of  Scotland,  the 
eaft  fide  of  Ireland,  the  Ifle  of  Mann,  all  the 
coafts  of  North  and  South  Wales,  and  very 
commodious  for  foreign  commerce.  The 
products  of  this  ifle  are  various  in  name, 
and  many  of  them  valuable  in  their  nature. 
In  the  bowels  of  the  earth  are  found  ochre, 
fand  for  making  glafs,  potter's  clay,  fullers- 
earth,  mill-ftones,  marble,  and,  above  all, 
copper  in  great  abundance.  In  i8ci,  the 
number  of  inhabitants  was  33,806,  of  which 
a,6i4  were  employed  in  trade  and  manufac- 
ture, and  9,766  in  agriculture. 

Anglefola,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
lo  miles  WNW.  Cervera. 

Anglefqueville,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lower  Seine.  16  miles 
N.  Rouen. 

Anglurei  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Marae.    9  miles  SSE.  Sezanne. 

Ha 


A  N  G 

Angol,  fee  Angoy. 

Angol,  or  Filla-ik-los  Infantes,  a  town 
of  South-America,  in  Chili,  on  the  Biobbio. 
50  miles  SE. Conception.  Long.  y%.  37.W. 
Lai.  37. 10.  S. 

Angola,  a  country  of  Africa,  formerly 
called  dhonda.,  or  Ambonda,  and  afterwards 
Dongo,  but  now  generally  Angola.  It  is 
fituated  to  the  fouth  of  Congo,  between  the 
8th  and  i6th  deg.  of  fouth  latitude,  inclu- 
ding Benguela,  nxing  the  fouth  extremity 
at  Cape  Negro.  The  Portuguefe  have  con- 
fiderable  pofTeffions  in  this  country,  and  in 
fome  of  the  provinces  are  great  numbers  who 
profefs  Chriftianity  ;  the  reft  are  idolaters. 
The  countryproducesmillet,beans,  orang:s, 
lemons,  and  other  fruits :  the  animals  are 
hmila.r  to  thofe  of  other  parts  of  Africa. 
The  chief  traffic  with  the  Europeans  is  for 
flaves. 

Angola,  a  town  of  Hindooftao,  ia  Gol- 
conda.    45  miles  W.  Rachore. 

Angora,  fee  Angui-a, 

Angordyah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  18  rail* 
NE.  Mahmudpour. 

Angostura,  a  town  of  South-America,  ia 
the  kingdom  of  Grenada,  on  the  Madalena. 
140  miles  N.  Santa-Fe  de  Bogota. 

Angouk,  a  river  of  Syria,  which  runs 
into  the  lake  of  Antioch,  (fometimes  cal- 
led the  lake  of  Angoule,)  10  miles  NNE. 
Antioch. 

Angoidcine,  a  city  of  France,  and  capital 
of  the  department  of  Charente;  before  the 
revolution,  the  capital  of  Angoumois,  and 
fee  of  a  billiop,  futfragan  of  Bourdeaux.  Ic 
is  fituated  on  a  rock,  near  the  river  Charente. 
It  contains  twelve  pariihes,  and  about  8000 
fouls.  This  place  is  called  in  Latin  Incu- 
lifina;  and  was  known  in  the  time  of  die 
emperor  Honorius,  who  abandoned  Aqui- 
taine  to  the  Goths.  In  11 76,  it  was  taken  by 
Richard  fon  of  Henry  II.  king  of  England, 
and  compelled,  to  uirrender  at  difcretion. 
In  1568,  it  was  taken  by  the  Proteftants  under 
Admiral  Coligni,  when  great  fevcriiies  were 
ufed,  and  the  cathedral  nearly  dcftroyed. 
The  catliedral  was  rebuilt  in  1628.  lyi 
pofts  NNE.Bourdcaux,and  58!  SSW.  Parish 
I^ong  0.  14.  E.  Lat.  45.  39.  N. 

Angoipuoh,  before  the  revolution,  a  coun- 
ty of  France,  bounded  on  the  eaft  by  Limo- 
lin  and  Marche,  on  the  north  by  Poitou,  on 
the  weft  by  Saintonge,  and  on  the  fouth  by 
Perigord,  from  45  to  54  miles  in  length, 
and  about  45  or  46  broad.  Its  principal 
rivers  are  the  Charente  and  the  Touvre ; 
there  are  many  iron  mines  in  the  province, 
and  the  ore  is  eafily  wrought;  and  the  land 
is  fertile  in  corn,  faffron,  wine,  and  fruits. 
Befides  the  capital  Angouleme,  tlie  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Cognac,  Jarnac,  Chateau* 
neuf,  and  Rochefoucaut.  This  county  was 
eredcd  by  Clovis,  after  defeating  the  Qothsv 


A  N  b 

Angottftrina,  a  tcnvn  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  eaftern  Pyrenees,  on  the 
frontiers  of  Spain.  4  miles  NE.  Puycerda, 
and  ^  W.  Mont  Louis.     . 

JngQutchii,  a  town  of  Thibet.  10  miles 
S.  Dharnifaleh. 

A?igoxc!,  a  clufter  of  fmall  iflands  in  the 
India  Sea,  near  the  coafl  of  Africa.  Lat. 
16.  24.  s. 

Ango-^a,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  rifes  in 
the  Mozambique,  and  runs  into  the  Indian 
Sea.     Lat.  16.  ic.  S. 

Ajigcy,  a  country  of  Africa,  and  formerly 
a  province  of  Congo,  between  Congo  and 
the  river  Zaire.  It  gained  its  indegendence 
by  the  aflillance  of  the  Portuguefe.  The 
chief  towns  are  Bomangoy  and  Cabenda. 
The  people  are  favage,  and  the  land  little 
cultivated;  the  coatts  abound  with  fifli,  and 
the  forefts  with  apes  and  other  animals. 

A?!graj  a  feaport  town  on  the  fouth  fide 
of  the  iflandof  Tercera,  one  of  the  Azores, 
of  which  it  is  the  capital ;  (ituated  about  the 
middle  way  of  the  longefl:  diameter,  on  the 
edge  of  the  fea,  and  at  the  bottom  of  the 
harbour,  formed  by  a  point  of  land  called 
Monte  de  Brazil.  The  town  is  well  built 
.ind  populous,  and  is  an  epifcopal  fee,  under 
the  jurifdiction  of  the  archbifnop  ofLilbon. 
It  hath  five  parilhes,  a  cathedral,  four  mo- 
nafteries,  as  many  nunneries,  bcfides  an  in- 
quilition  and  a  bilhop's  court,  which  extends 
its  jurifdiction  over  all  tlie  Azores,  Flores, 
and  Corvo.  Angra  is  furrounded  by  a  good 
wall  and  dry  ditch,  of  great  depth  and 
breadth,  and  defended  by  a  ftrong  caftle, 
rendered  famous  by  the  iniprifonment  of 
king  Alphonfo,  by  his  brother  Peter,  in 
the  year  1668.  We  arc  told,  that  the  town 
derives  its  name  from  Angra,  a  creek,  bay,  or 
Itation  for  fliipping ;  this  bay  being'  the 
only  convenient  harbour  in  all  the  Azorei': 
for  this  rcafon,  chiefly,  it  is  diat  the  Portu- 
guefe have  fo  carefully  fecurcd  and  fortified 
thefe  iflands ;  their  fituation,  and  particu- 
larly this  bay,  being  fo  commodious  for  the 
rcfreflimeni  of  their  Brazil  flota  and  Eaft- 
India  iquadrons.  This  port,  which  opens 
from  tlie  eaft  to  the  foutli-wcil,  is  not  above 
tour  ciiblcs'kngtli  in  breadth,  and  not  two 
of  good  bottom,  according  to  Frezier.  How- 
ever, ihips  may  ride  in  great  fafety  here 
during  fur  funimcr  weather,  becaufe  then 
t-nly  gentle  wuids  breatlie  from  the  well  to 
tlie  north-north-wcll: ;  but  as  foon  as  the 
winter  begins,  the  ftorins  are  fo  furious,  that 
the  only  fafety  for  ihipping  is  putting  with 
•all  expedition  to  lea.  Happily  thefe  llorms 
;tre  preceded  by  infallible  tokens,  with  which 
long  experience  has  made  the  inhabitants 
peife(511y  acquainted.  On  thele  occafions, 
the  pico  or  peak  is  overcalt  with  clouds,  and 
grows  exceedingly  dark  ;  but  what  tlicy  re- 
pute tlic  moil  certain  criterion  is  the  flutter- 


A  N  G 

Ing'and  chirping  of  flocks  of  birds  round  the 
city  for  fome  days  before.  At  Angra  are 
kept  the  royal  magazines  for  anchors,  ca- 
bles, fails,  and  all  forts  of  ftores  for  the  royal 
navy,  or  occafionally  for  merchantmen  in 
great  diftrefs.  All  maritime  affairs  are  un- 
der the  infpedlion  of  a  certain  officer,  called 
defembargador,  who  hath  fubordinate  offi- 
cers and  pilots  for  conducing  (hips  into 
the  harbour,  or  to  proper  watering-places. 
The  Englifh,  French,  and  Dutch  have  each 
a  conful  lefiding  here,  though  their  com- 
merce with  this,  or  any  of  the  Azores  iflands, 
be  but  inconfiderable.  Long.  37.  14.  Lat. 
38.  38-  N. 

Angra  dos  Reyes,  a  town  of  South  Ame- 
rica, in  Brazil,  (ituated  at  the  bottom  of  a 
large  bay,  to  which  it  gives  name.  65  miles 
SW.  Rio  Janeiro.     Lat.  24.  3.  S. 

Angra,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  15  miles  S.  from  Cape  St. 
John.  Europeans  find  here  elephants' 
teeth,  wax,  and  fome  flaves. 

Angra  dos  Cavelos,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic, 
on  the  coaft:  of  Africa.    Lat.  24.  ro.  N. 

Angra  da  Conceifo,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic?, 
on  the  coaft  of  Africa.    Lat.  25.^. 

Angra  de  Falulo,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on 
the  coaft  of  Africa,  fouth  of  Cabo  Roxo. 
Lat.  12. 10.  N. 

Angra  Fria,  a  river  of  Africa,  v/hich 
runs  into  the  Atlantic.     Lat.  19.  10.  S. 

Angra  de  Gonzalo  de  Sintra,  a  bay  of 
the  Atlantic,  on  the  weft  coaft  of  Africa. 
Lat.  22.  ^};.  N. 

Angra  Grande,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Africa.     Lat.  27.  20.  S. 

Angra  do  Ilbeo,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Africa.    Lat.  23.  28.  S. 

Angra  dos  Ilheos,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic, 
on  the  weft  coaft  of  Africa.  Lat.  27.  35.  S. 

Angra  dos  Ilheos,  a  fmall  illand,  near  the 
weft  coaft  of  Africa.     Lat.  27.  S. 

Angra  de  Negro,  a  bay  on  the  \veft  coaft 
of  Africa.     Lat.  14. 50.  S. 

Angra  Pcquena,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa.   Lat.  26.  2,0.  S. 

Angra  dos  Ruyvos,a.  bay  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa.     Lat.  24.53.  N. 

Angra  de  St.  Antonio,  a  bay  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  Africa.     Lat.  21.9.  S. 

Angra  de  St.  Maria,  a  bay  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  Africa.     Lat.  li.  10.  S. 

Angra  dot  Volfas,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa.    Lat.  28.  t,<,'  S 

Angrab,  a  river  of  Abyflinia,  which  runs 
into  the  Tacaze.     30  miles  S.  Sire. 

Angrogna,  a  parifli  of  Piedmont,  watered 
by  a  river,  to  which  it  gives  name,  for  the 
moft  part  mountainous,  but  producing  ex- 
cellent fruit,  particularly  ohefnuts.  It  is  a 
valley  furrounded  by  immcnfe  mountains,  to 
which  accefs  is  only  by  two  pafles.  At  the 
village  called  La  Tour,  the  old  barde  or  val- 


A  N  G 

ley  preachers  ufed  to  officiate,  and  (it  youths 
for  the  miniftry, before  the  reformation, with- 
out obilrudion. 

Angson^  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  weft  fide  of 
the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.  20.  38.  E.  Lat. 
63.  4i.N. 

Angucah,  a  town  of  Abyflinia,  on  a  river 
cf  the  lame  name.    50  miles  E.  of  Axim. 

Angstooy  a  town  ot  Thibet.  75  miles 
N.  Jemlah.  Long.  81.  ai.  E.  Lat.  31. 
48.  N. 

Angiidar  Key,  fee  Cjyo  Grande. 

Angu'tano,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caf- 
tile.     7  miles  S.  Najara. 

Anguilla,  or  Snake's  Ifiand,  an  ifland  in 
the  Wefl-Indies,  above  30  miles  in  length, 
and  3  in  breadth.  The  Englifli  fettled  here 
in  1650.  It  owes  its  name  to  its  (hape,  and 
is  the  moll  northerly  of  the  Caribbees.  60 
miles  N.  St.  Chriftopher's.  Long.  63.  W. 
Lat,  18.  2 I.N. 

AnguillayOn^  of  the  Bahama  iflands,  about 
10  mijes  long,  and  5  broad.  A  great  num- 
ber of  rocks  and  iflcts  lie  to  the  north-well 
of  the  ifland,  called  the  Anguilla  Bank,  or 
Cayos  de  los  Poques.  Long.  78.  50.  W. 
Lat.  13.  36.  N. 

Agmllara.,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Paduan. 
6  miles  NNE.  Rovigo.     1 6  S.  Padua. 

Anguillara,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in 
the  Patrimonio,  fituated  on  a  fmall  river 
near  the  lake  of  Bracciano.  11  miles  NVV. 
Rome. 

Anguille  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland.  Long.  i<).m,W.  Lat.  47. 
j6.N. 

Angulty,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
sore.    32  miles  E.  Sera. 

AnguilliaJ}ra,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, about  five  or  lix  miles  circumfe- 
rence, near  the  eaft  coaft  of  Sardinia.  Long. 
9.  57.  E.  Lat.  40. 1.  N. 

Angutidada,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old 
Caftile,  on  the  Ebro.     8  miles  N.  Calzada. 

Angura,  or  Enguri,  or  Ankeri,  or  An- 
^cra,  or  Ankora,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey, 
m  Natolia,  formerly  the  celebrated  Ancyra, 
Sl  fortrefs  or  callle  cf  the  Tedlofages.  In 
the  reign  of  Nero  it  was  made  the  metropo- 
lis of  Galatia.  Caracalla  was  a  great  bene- 
f"a«^or  to  it,  and  in  his  time  it  was  called  An- 
toniana.  The  prefent  town  is  built  nearly 
on  the  fite  of  the  antient  city,  and  is  one  of 
the  beft  of  Natolia.  The  caftle  is  like  a  town, 
and  inhabited  by  Turks  and  Chridians. 
The  air  is  reckoned  dry  and  falutary  to 
perfons  of  afthmatic  conftitutions,  but  pre- 
judicial to  thofe  of  a  fanguine  habit.  The 
walls  are  ill  built,  of  ancient  ftones  put  to- 
gether with  mud;  and  there  are  but  tew  re- 
rpains  of  ancient  buildings.  It  is  governed 
by  a  pacha  or  cadi.  The  inhabitants  are 
elliraated  at  80,000;  of  which  70,000  are 
Mahometans,  and   10,000  Chriilians,   who 


A  N  G 

have  among  them  fcvcn  churches.  It  is  tl:c 
fee  of  a  Greek  and  of  an  Armenian  arch- 
bifhop.  The  principal  manuf::  fturcs  are 
thofe  of  woollen  and  goat's  hair  ;  cf  thi:> 
hair  it  is  fi.dthat  fhawjshuvebeen  made  equal 
to  thofe  of  Cachemire.  Poppies 'are  much 
cultivated  for  the  purpofcof  making  opium, 
and  the  fale  of  wax  amounts  to  2000  piaf- 
tres  yearly.  It  furrendered  to  the  Saracens 
in  the  reign  of  Heraclius  It  was  beliegcd 
and  taken  by  Timur  Bee,  in  1402,  after  de- 
feating Bajazet,  and  taking  him  prifoner,  in 
a  battle  fought  near  it.  112  miles  ESE. 
Conftantinople.  Long.  33.  18.  £.  Lat.  40^ 
4.N. 

Angvsy  or  Forfar,  a  county  of  Scotland, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Aberdeenfliire,  on 
the  north-eaft  by  Kincardinefliire,  on  the  eaft 
by  the  German  Ocean,  on  the  louth  by  the 
Tay,  which  divides  it  from  the  county  of 
Fife,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  county  of  Perth- 
It  is  about  40  miles  in  length  from  north  to 
fouth,  and  30  from  eaft  to  weft.  This 
county  and  that  of  Kincardine  were  an- 
ciently  a  part  of  the  Pidtifli  kingdom,  and 
known  under  the  general  name  of  Horejlia, ' 
or  Forejlia.  Upon  the  extindion  of  that 
government  by  Kenneth  U.  about  the  year 
851,  he  divided  this  difti  1*51  into  two  fhires, 
and  beftowed  them  upon  his  two  brothers, 
Eneas  or  Angus,  and  Mearns ;  and  from 
thefe  brothers  Angus  and  Mearns  received 
their  names.  The  country  is  divided  in 
many  places  by  hills  of  coniiderable  eleva- 
tion, forming  valleys  or  glens  between  them,- 
which  receive  their  names  from  the  rivers 
which  run  through  them.  All  the  rivers  of 
the  county  arife  in  the  northern  parts  ;  and 
all  (except  the  Ifla,  which  runs  W.  in  the 
valley  of  Strathmore,  to  fall  into  Tay) 
empty  themfelves  into  the  German  Ocean, 
towards  the  S.  and  E.  There  are  a  few 
lakes  in  the  county;  but  none  are  of  any 
remarkable  extent.  Angusfhire  contains  five 
royal  boroughs,  viz.  Dundee,  Arbroath, 
Montrofe,  Brechin,  and  Forfar,  with  the 
fmall  towns  of  Glammis  and  Kirriemuir, 
which  are  all  employed  in  the  linen  manu- 
facfture.  It  contains  alfo  53  parifhes,  in 
many  of  which  a  confiderablc  quantity  of 
cloth  is  made.  The  foil  of  the  low  country 
is  various,  but  generally  fertile.  Agricul- 
ture is  much  attended  to,  and  making  rapid 
ftrides  to  improvement ;  the  produce  in 
v/heat  and  barley  is  generally  fir  more  thau 
fufficient  for  the  conilimption  of  the  county ; 
but  it,  in  molt  feafons,  requires  a  fupply  of 
oats.  There  are  a  number  of  black  cattle 
reared  in  the  county,  and  a  few  flieep  arc 
reared  on  the  mountains.  There  is  little 
wood  of  great  age  in  this  county,  except  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  fomc  ancient  feats; 
but  a  number  of  very  fine  young  plantations 
ef  larix  and  Scots  fir  are  lately  kid  out  on 


A  N  J 


A  N  J 


aimoft  every  eftatc.  The  inhabitants  on 
the  conft  are  well  fupplied  with  Engliih  and 
Scottifh  coal ;  but  in  the  more  inland  parts, 
peat,  turf,  and  furze,  form  the  principal 
fuel.  There  are  many  mofles  of  confidera- 
ble  extent.  Angusfhire  pofleffes  very  few 
valuable  minerals.  Freellone  abounds  in 
moft  parts  of  the  county,  and  there  are  fe- 
reral  limc-ftone  quarries.  Lead  has  been 
fcund  in  one  place,  but  in  very  inconllder- 
able  quantity.  The  valued  rent  of  the 
county  is  fiated  in  the  county  books  at 
171, 6,361. ;  and  the  real  land  rent  is  efti- 
mated  at  122,000!.  Population,  in  1801, 
97,127.  The  principal  towns  are  Forfar, 
Montrofe,  and  Dundee. 

Anhalt^  a  principality  in  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Upper  Saxony,  about  60  miles  long, 
and  5  broad  ;  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
dutchy  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  eaft  by  the 
deflorate  of  Saxony,  on  the  fbuth  by  the 
county  of  MansfieLI,  and  on  the  weft  by  the 
principality  of  Halbei  ftadt.  The  foil  is  good 
and  fertile  in  grain  and  hops.  There  are 
mines  w'.iich  yield  lead,  copper,  filvcr,  iron, 
coals,  fulphur,  vitriol,  akirn,  faltpetre,  and 
"Other  minerals.  Beer  forms  a  confiderable 
article  of  trade.  It  takes  its  name  from  an 
old  caftle,  now  gone  to  decay.  The  houfe 
of  Anhalt,  one  of  the  moft  illuflrious  in 
Germany,  is  divided  into  f  jur  branches,  viz. 
Anhalt  DefTiu,  Anhalt  Bernburg,  Anhalt 
Cothen,  and  Anhalt  Zerbft,  fo  named  from 
fcveral  towns,  their  refpedive  capitals.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Elbe,  the  Milda  or 
Mulda,  the  Saala,  the  Whipper,  the  Seike, 
&c.  The  four  branches  have  only  one 
voice  at  the  afTcmbly  of  the  diet,  and  the 
vote  is  given  by  the  eldeft.  The  revenues 
in  the  whole  are  faid  to  amount  to  about 
6oc,coo  rix-dollars.  The  Roman  month 
is  188  florins;  and  the  Chamber  tax  243  rix- 
dollars,  47  kreutzers.  The  population  of 
the  principality  is  elHmated  at  ico,ooo. 

j^nhembi,  ariver  of  Brazil,  which  runs  into 
the  Parana. 

jinholty  or  Aenholt-,  a  town  of  Germany, 
capital  of  a  lorc'fliip,  belonging  to  the  prince 
of  S;'.lm,  on  the  Old  IfTcl  The  lor.lfhip, 
•which  is  of  no  great  extent,  lies  between  the 
bifhoprick  ofMuivftcr,  dutchyof  Clevcs,  and 
county  of  Zutphen,  and  gives  a  voice  at 
thejmpcrird  diet.  Its  Roman  month  was  iz 
florins ;  but  it  was  iwt  afleiled  in  the  ma- 
tricula,  nor  to  the  Imperial  Chamber.  20. 
miles  E.  Nmuguen,  Loiig.(i.%%.  ^L.  Lat. 
51-  54-  N. 

An/clt,  an  ifland  of  Denmark,  fituatcd 
in  the  Cattegat,  (urrounded  with  land  banks, 
and  dangcroub  tu  fpamen,  for  which  rcalbn 
there  is  a  light-houfc  on  it.  Long.  11.  25' 
3%  Lat-sd-  ,-!8.  N. 

Anja^  a  lake  of  I.ittlc  Dukharia,  about  60 
fnilc;  r.i  circumlcronce.  .^o  mi|cs  S.Hotcin. 


Anjala,  a  town  of  Sv/edcn,  in  Tavaft- 
and,  on  the  borders  of  RufTia.  78  miles. 
ESE,  Tavafthus.  Long.  26.  54.  E.  Lat 
60.  40.  N. 

Anian  Straits,  between  the  NE.  extre- 
mity of  Afia,  and  the  NW.  extremity  of 
America.     See  Becrhig'i  Straits. 

Aniane,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Herault.  13  miles  WNW. 
Montpeiier,  and  11  ESE.  Lodeve.  Long.  21. 
15. E.     Z«/.43.  41.N. 

Anjaneer,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bag- 
lana.     10  miles  NW.  Nafl'uck. 

Anjar,  a  town  of  Syria,  between  Aleppo 
and  Alexandrecta. 

Anico,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Po.  9  miles  NW. 
Cremona. 

Anicid,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Myfore. 
iS  miles  S.  Bangalore. 

Anjecarry,  2l  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore.   23  miles  ESE.  Chinna  B  ilabarum. 

Ajijenga,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Tra- 
vancore,  where  the  Englifh  btiilt  a  fort  in 
1695.  It  is  htuated  at  the  mouth  of  ariver, 
but  the  water  is  not  deep  enough  for  large 
vefTels.  The  chief  trade  is  for  pepper  and 
long  cloths.  40  miles  NW.  Travancore. 
Long.  76.  40.  E.    Lat.  8   4c.  N. 

Anistxs,  a  town  of  France.  3  miles  NW. 
Paris. 

Ajukan,  or  Ingkcrjfian,  a  -town  of  Africa, 
on  the  Gold  Coaft,  where  the  Englifti  and 
Portuguefe  have  both  a  f aflory  ana  fort. 

Animally,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Coimbetore  country.  t,5  miles  W.  Dara* 
porum,  and  1 8  S.  Coimbetore.  Long.  7  7 .  E- 
Lat.  ic.  40.  N. 

Anim'iie,  ox  Aninie,  a  town  of  Africa,  in 
the  empire  of  Morocco,  htuated  at  the  foot 
of  the  Atlas.  3^  miles  E.  Morocco. 

Anjoan,  fee  "Joiuuia. 

Anioia^  a  town  of  Naples.  13  miles  SE. 
Nicotera. 

Anjou,  before  the  revolution,  a  province 
of  France  ;  90  miles  in  length,  and  60  in 
breadth  ;  bounded  on  the  north  by  Maine, 
on  the  weft  by  Bretagne,  on  the  fouth  by 
Poitou,  and  on  the  eaft  by  Touraine.  The 
chief  towns  were  Angers,  la  Flechc,  Cha- 
teau Gontier,  Saumur,  Bauge,  Montreuil, 
Beilay,  BrifFac,  &c.  It  is  watered  by  a  great 
number  of  rivers,  but  fix  only  are  naviga- 
ble ;  the  Loire,  which  runs  through  the 
middle  of  the  province,  the  Vienne,  the 
Thoue,  the  Loir,  the  Mayenne,  and  the 
Sarte.  The  climate  is  temperate,  and  the 
country  diveifihed  with  hills,  plains,  and 
forefts,  of  which  they  reckon  2i2>  of  oak  and 
beech.  The  productions  of  the  land  are 
wines,  (chiefly  white,)  wheat,  rye,  barley, 
oats,  flax,  hemp,  almonds,  chefnuts,  and 
moft  kinds  of  fruit.  It  feeds  a  great  num- 
ber of  oxen,  cows,  and  (heep.    Coals  arc 


ANN 


ANN 


8ug  in  feveral  parifhes.  There  are  quarries 
of  marble  and  f  reeftone,  and  the  beft  flate  in 
the  kingdonj.  The  commerce  of  Anjou 
conlilts  principally  in  wine,  brandy,  grain, 
cattle,  cloth,  ftufFs,  ironmongery,  Sic.  The 
departments  of  Mayne  and  Loire,  the  Sarte, 
and  the  Mayenne,  contain  a  part  of  this 
province. 

^ni/iy  a  town  of  Turkifh  Armenia,  in  the 
government  of  Kars.  40  miles  E.  Kars,  and 
40  W.  Erivan. 

jiniva.  Gulf  oft  a  bay  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  iiland  of  Saghalien.  Long.  144.  so. 
E.     Ldt.  46. 10.  N. 

jiniza,  a  town  of  Arabia.  300  miles  NW. 
Janiama. 

Antzyk  Ckuteait,i\.oviTi  of  France,  m  the 
department  of  the  Aifne.  8  miles  NE.  Soif- 
fons,  and  10  SE.  Chauny. 

Ankapillyi  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cicacole.    5  m.  NE.Coffimcotta. 

Atikapillyy  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Rajamundry.  zom.W.Rajamundry. 
Ankei-j  a  river  of  England,  which  riles 
about  i^  mile  SW.  of  Hinkley  in  Leicefter- 
ihire,  and  joins  the  Tame  at  Tamworth  in 
Warv.'ickfhire. 

Ankerjieldt  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Rofs- 
fhire.    4  miles  S.  Tain. 

Ankeveejiy  a  town  of  Holland,  in  the  ftate 
of  Utrecht.    %  miles  SW.  Naerden. 

Auhtti,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Anhalt,  fo  near  to  Zerbft,  as  to 
be  called  a  fuburb  to  that  city,  but  has  a 
corporation  of  its  own. 

Anlauter,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  which  runs 
into  the  Schwarzach,  near  Greding,  in  the 
bilhopric  of  Aichftadt. 

Ankzy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Nyevre.     15  miles  E.  Nevers. 

Anmaiitagoody,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Marawar.  30  miles  N.  Rumanadporum,  and 
60  S.  Tanjorc. 

Ami  Arundel,  a  county  of  Maryland,  one 
of  the  United  States  of  America,  containing 
aai9  free  males  above  18  years  of  age,  in 
the  year  1782. 
Anna,  fee  Ana. 

Anna,  or  North-Anna,  a  river  of  Virginia, 
which  rifes  in  the  Green  Mountains,  and 
joining  another  branch,  called  South-Anna, 
•takes  the  name  of  York  river.  Long.  77. 
35.  W.    Zfl/.  37.53.  N. 

Annaberg,  a  town  of  Auftria.  4  miles 
E.  EfFerding. 

Annaberg,  or  St.  Annaberg,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  the  circle  of  Erzgcburg,  fituated 
on  the  Schreeberg  mountain,  on  the  borders 
of  Bohemia,  which  owes  its  rife  to  fome  f»lver 
mines  in  the  neighbourhood.  It  was  firft 
founded  by  George  duke  of  Saxony,  in  1496. 
Maximilian  I.  the  following  year  end&wed 
it  with  confiderable  privileges,  and  in  1503, 
it  was  walled  round,    in  1 604,  it  was  burned 


down  by  (bmc  incendiaries,  but  was  foon 
rebuilt.  The  ancient  name  was  Schrecken- 
berg,  i.  e.  Frightftjl  Mountain ;  and  changed 
to  Annaberg,  or  St.  Ann's  Mountain,  from  a 
prefent  made  to  the  church  by  Barba, daugh- 
ter of  Calimir  king  of  Poland,  of  St.Ar.n's 
fingers.  14  miles  S.  Chemnitz,  38  SW. 
Drefden.  Long.iz.s^.E.  /««?/.  50.30.  N. 
Annaboa,  or  Aimabon,  a  fmall  ifiand  ia 
the  Adantic,  near  the  coaft  of  Africa,  v/ell 
ftocked  with  cattle,  and  abounding  in  fruit ; 
th,e  land  lofty,  and  generally  covered  with  a 
mift.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  dcfcen- 
dants  fromPortuguefe  andChriftian  negroes. 
It  was  difcovered  by  the  Portugucfe  on  new 
year's  day,  whence  its  name.  Long.$.  30. 
E.    Lat.  I.  32.  S. 

Annaburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in,  the 
eleftorate  of  Saxony.  It  was  anciently  cal- 
led Lochau,  and  owes  its  prefent  name  to  a 
hunting  feat,  built  in  1572,  by  theEleftreis 
Ann.  The  town  ftands  on  an  ifiand,  formed 
by  a  new  canal.  18  miles  SE.  Wittemberg, 
45  NNW.  Drefden.  Long.  13.  9.E.  Lat. 
51.  46.  N. 

Antiachuan,  fee  Annagh  Uan.  > 

Annagh,  an  ifiand  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Ireland,  about  five  miles  in  circumference, 
between  the  ifle  of  Achil,  and  the  main  land 
of  the  county  of  Mayo.  Long.  9.  39.  W. 
Z^/.  53.58.  N. 

Annagh,  a  fmall  ifiand  of  Ireland,  in  Lough 
Conn,  in  the  county  of  Mayo.  8  miles  from 
Killalla. 

Annagh  Ifiand,  a  fmall  peninfula  on  the 
weft  coaft  of  Ireland.,  in  thecoimty  of  Mayo. 
Long.  9.  54.  W.    Lat.  54. 15.  N. 

Annagh  Uan,  or  Annachuan,  a  fmall 
ifiand  on  the  fouth-weft  coaft  of  the  county 
of  Galway.  aa  miles  W.  Galway.  Long. 
9.38.  W.  /.«/.  53. 18.  N. 
An72a7nally,  fee  Animally. 
Annamooka,  or  Rotterdam,  one  of  the 
Friendly  Iflandsi  n  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 
This  ifiand  was  difcovered  by  Tafiiian,  in 
1643,  who  landed,  and  was  hofpitably  re- 
ceived; he  called  it  Rotterdam.  It  is  of  a 
triangular  form,  each  fide  whereof  is  about 
three  and  a  half  or  four  miles.  A  Hilt- 
water  lake  in  the  middle  of  it  occupies  not 
a  little  of  its  fiivface,  and  in  a  manner  cuts 
off  the  SE.  angle.  Round  the  ifiand,  that  is, 
from  the  nordi-weft  to  the  ibuth,  round  by 
the  north  and  eaft,  lie  fcattered  a  number  of 
fmall  ifles,  fand-banks,  and  breakers.  The 
fight  could  not  reach  their  extent  to  the 
north,  and  it  is  not  impoifible  that  they  reach, 
as  far  fouth  as  Amff:erdani  or  Tongatabou., 
Thefe,  together  with  Middleburg,  or  Eaoo- 
wee,  and  Pylftart,  make  a  group,  containing 
about  three  degrees  of  latitude,  and  two  of 
longitude ;  named  by  Capt.Cook  the  Friendly 
Iflands,  or  Archipelago,  as  a  firm  alliance  and 
fiicndlliip  feenied  to  fubfift  among  tbsir  in«. 


ANN 

habitants;  and  their  courteous  behaviour  to 
{grangers  entitled  them  to  that  appellation  ; 
under  which  we  might  perhaps  extend  tliis 
group  much  farther,  even  down  toBofcawen's 
and  Kepple's  Ifles,  difcovered  by  Captain 
Wallis,  and  lying   nearly  under  the  fame 
meridian,  and  in  the  latitude  of,  15.  s3-  S. 
for  from  the  account  given  of  the  people  of 
thefe  two  ifles,  they  feem  to  have  the  fame 
fort  of  friendly  difpofition.    The  inhabitants, 
produflions,  See.   of  Rotterdam,  and  the 
neighbouring  ifles,  are  the  fame  as  Tonga- 
tabou.    The  people  of  this  ifle  feem  to  be 
more  afFecfted  with   the  leprofy,  or  fome 
fcrophulous  diforder,  than  any  elfewhere. 
It  breaks  nut  in  "the  face  more  than  any  other 
part  of  the  body.     Capt.  Cook  faw  feveral 
•whofe  faces  were  ruined  by  it,  and  their 
nofes  quite  gone.     Some  of  the  houfes  differ 
from  thofe  of  the  other  ifles:  being  enclofed 
or  walled  on  every  fide  with  reeds  neatly 
put  together;  but  not  clofe.     The  entrance 
is  by  a  fquare  hole  about  a|  feet  each  way. 
The  form  of  thcfe  houfes  is  an  oblong  flquai  e ; 
the  floor  or  foundation  every  way  fhorter 
than  the  eve,  which  is  about  four  feet  from 
the  ground.    By  this  conflru(5fion,  the  rain 
that  falls  on  the  roof  is  carried  off  from 
the  wall,  which  otlierwife  would  decay  and 
rot.    The  road  is  on  the  north  fide  of  the 
ifle,  jufl:  to  the  fouthward  of  the  fbuthern- 
mott  cove?  for  there  arc  two  on  this  fide. 
The  bank  is  of  fome  extent,  and  the  bottom 
free  from  rocks,  with  25  and  20   fathoms 
water,  one  or  two  miles  from  the  fhore.  Fire- 
wood is  very  convenient  to  be  got  at,  and 
eafy  to  be  fhipped  off;  but  the  water  is  fo 
brackifh,  that  it  is  not  worth  the  trouble  of 
carrying  it  on  board,  unlefs  one  is  in  great 
diflrefs  for  want  of  that  article,  and  can  get 
no  better.    There  is  however  better,  not 
only  on  this  ifle,  but  on  others  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood ;  for  the  people  brought  fome  to 
the  fhips  in  cocoa-nut  fliells,  which  was  as 
good  as  need  be;  but  probably  the  fprings 
are  too  trifling  to  water  a  ihip.     Lofig.  1 74. 
31.  W.     Lat.  20.  15.  S. 

Annafi,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the  county 
of  Dumfries,  (ituated  on  the  left  bank  of  a 
river  of  the  fame  name,  near  its  entrance 
into  the  Solway  Frith,  containing  about  500 
inhabitants,  with  fome  trade  in  wine  and 
corn:  veflclsof  250  tons  can  fiil  within  half 
0.  mile  of  the  town,  and  vcflcis  of  60  tons  can 
come  up  to  the  bridge.  Here  was  anciently 
a  caiUc,  demolilhed  by  order  of  Parliament, 
after  the  acceflion  of  James  VI.  to  the  crown 
of  England.  In  the  reien  of  Edward  VI. 
tliis  town  fuffcred  greatly  by  the  Englifli, 
under  the  command  of  Wharton,  lord'  pre- 
fidcnt  of  the  Marcfics,  by  whofe  order  the 
church,  which  hud  been  fortified  by  the 
t^cots,  was  dcftroycd,  and  the  town  burned. 
Aj)iian,  united  with  Loci^mabcD,  Kickcud- 


A  N  N 

bright,  Sanquhar,  and  Dumfries,  fends  one 
member  to  parliament.  In  1801,  the  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  was  2.570.  14  miles  SE. 
Dumfries,  and  56  S.  Edinburgh.  Lat.  ss> 
2.  N. 

Annan,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  rifes 
in  the  north  part  of  the  county  of  Dumfries, 
about  three  miles  north  from  Moffat,  and 
runs  into  Solway  Frith,  about  two  miles  be^ 
low  Annan. 

Annandaltt  a  difl:ri(ft  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Dumfries,  fituated  on  both  fides  of 
the  river  Annan,  from  which  it  receives  its 
name.  It  was  anciently  a  part  of  the  Roman 
province  of  Valentia,  and  many  Roman  an- 
tiquities are  yet  remaining:  it  afterwards 
became  a  lordfhip  of  the  Bruces.  It  is  now 
a  marquifate  in  the  family  of  Johnflone. 
I/meflone  and  coals  are  found  in  confider- 
able  quantities. 

Annapolis.,  a  city  of  America,  and  capital 
of  the  ftate  of  Maryland.  It  was  firfl  called 
Severn,  the  name  of  the  river  at  the  mouth 
of  which  it  was  built ;  the  commerce  is  not 
very  confiderable.  The  houfes  are  g.ne- 
raily  large  and  elegant.  The  defign  of  thofe 
who  planned  the  city,  was  to  have  the  whole 
in  the  form  of  a  circle,  with  the  ff  reets  like 
rays  beginning  with  the  Stadt-houfe.  The 
principal  part  of  the  buildings  are  arranged 
agreeable  to  this  plan.  The  Stadt-houfe  is 
the  nobleft  building  of  the  kind  in  America. 
22  miles  E.  Wafliington.  Lo7ig.  76. 42. W» 
Z.«/.39.  3.N. 

Annapolis,  a  feaporttown  of  Nova-Scotia, 
fituated  on  the  eafl  fide  of  the  bay  of  Fundy. 
The  harbour  is  large,  fafe,  and  commodious ; 
but  the  entrance  is  narrow  and  difficult, 
through  a  ftrait,  called  The  Gut  of  Annapolis  ; 
the  currents  and  tides  oblige  mariners  to  ufe 
the  utmofl  precaution.  In  the  middle  of  the 
harbour  is  an  ifland,  called  Goal  Ijland,  and 
every  where  found  from  four  to  five  fathoms 
water.  80  miles  W.  HaUfax.  Long.ds- ^o. 
W.     Lat.  44.  50.  N. 

Annatom,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides.  30 
miles  SE.  Tanna.  Long.  170.  4.  E.  Lat, 
so.  10.  S. 

Ame  Goomha,  a  town  of  Thibet.  5^  m. 
S.  Painom  Jeung. 

Ayinebaut,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure.  6  miles  SE.  Pont 
Audemer,  and  25  NNW.  Evreux. 

Annecy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Mont  Blanc,  lately  capital  of  the  Ge- 
nevois,  fituatedon  a  fine  lake,  to  which  it  gives 
name,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Sier,  which 
paffes  through  it.  It  is  the  fee  of  a  bifhop, 
removed  from  Geneva  at  the  reformation, 
whofe  diocefe  likewife  included  Faucigny, 
Chablais,  and  Gcx.  The  lake  is  above  ten 
miles  long,  and  not  quite  three  wide.  In 
1630,  Annecy  was  taken  by  the  French,  and 
again  in  1690.      19  miles  S.  Geneva,  ai 


A  N  S 

i^NE.  Chambery.    Zo;?^-.  5.  57.  E.    Lat. 
AS'  56.  N. 

A/iTitcyt  (Old,)  a  village,  formerly  a  con- 
Cderable  town.    i\  mile  NE.  Annecy. 

Armety  one  ot"  the  fmaller  Scilly  iflands, 
about  I  mile  W.  from  St.  Agnes  illand. 

Anninipigy  fee  iV.  Ann. 

Amiitpour^  a  town  of  Bengal.  24  miles 
NNW.  Kifhcnagur. 

Annobon.,  fee  Ajinahoa. 

Armonay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardiche.  12  miles  NW. 
Tournon,  and  11  N.  Privas.  Long.  6.  50. 
E.    Lat.AiZ'  »J-N. 

Aiitiot,  or  ^/7o^,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
-department  of  the  Lower  Alps.  6  miles 
W.  Entrevaux,  and  9  NE.Caftellane.  Long. 
6>49.  £.    Z-^/.  48.  57.  N. 

Antiounahj  a  town  of  Algiers,  in  the  road 
from  Conftantina  to  Bona.  32  miles  E. 
Conllantina. 

Annundada  Pointy  a  cape  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  Africa.    Lat  15.  30.  S. 

Anopjheer,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
50  miles  ESE.  Delhi.  Long.  78.  38.  E. 
Lat.  28.  20.  N. 

AmHa  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  Long.  76.  ^Z'  W. 
Lai.  18.  19.  N. 

Anove,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caftile. 
X2  miles  NE.  Toledo,  and  22  S.  Madrid. 

AnoupeLlouyniou,  a  range  of  mountains  in 
Afia,  dividing  Aracan  from  Birmah 

Anpoiir^  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Can- 
deifli.     1^  miles  SSW.  Burhanpour. 

Anrodgurry.,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
3a.rramaul.    35  miles  SSE.  Darcmpoury. 

An/a,  or  Alfai  a  river  which  partes  by 
Aquilea,  in  Friuli,  and  runs  mto  the  Adri- 
atic, between  Grado  and  Marano. 

Anfauviilersy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Oife.    5  m.  SSE.  Bretuil. 

Anfe.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.     1 2  m.  N.  Lyons. 

Anfe  di  Beiiaudet,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic, 
on  the  coaft  of  France.  Long.  4.  2.  W. 
Lat.  47.  51.  N. 

An/d  de  Dinanty  a  bay  of  the  Atlnntic,  on 
the  coaft  of  France.  Long.  z.  %^.'\V .  Lat. 
48.  15.  N. 

Anfd  de  PlereU  a  bay  of  the  Englifii  Chan- 
nel, on  the  coaft  of  France.  Long.  2.  16. 
W.    i:.^/.48.37.N. 

Anfe  de  67.  BrieuCy  a  bay  of  the  Englifh 
Channel,  on  the  coaft  of  France.  Long. 
2.  35.W.    £«/.  48.  34.  N. 

AnsgUy  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Diarbekir.  ^^  miles  NNVV. 
Diarbekir. 

Anjloy  fee  Chrijiiania. 

Anfoy  lee  Rocca  di  Anjo. 
,    Anfognay  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Cadorin. 
a  miles  S.  Cadora. 

^nfont  an  inland  county  of  North-Carolina. 


ANT 

An/en's  BaV)  a  fmall  bay  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Norfolk  Ifland,  with  .1  fandy  beach.  TliC 
landing  is  tolerably  good  in  Icttled  weather, 
with  a  Imooth  fea :  but  as  the  interior  parts 
of  the  ifland  are  very  difhcult  of  accefs 
from  thence,  no  Ihip's  crews  had  ever  land- 
ed there. 

An/on' s  or  Lord  Anjon^s  It  land,  an  ifland 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  This  illand  is  by  Bou- 
gainville called  Bouca.  Lang.  153.  30.  E. 
Lat.s.is.S. 

Aiifpachy  or  Onohhachy  a  marquifate  or 
principality  of  Germany,  in  the  circle  of 
Franconia,  bounded  by  the  principality  of 
Bayreuth,  and  the  bifliopric  of  Bamberg  and 
Wurzburg.  The  foil  is  fandy,  but  tolerably 
fertile,  and  produces  conliderable  quantities 
of  corn  and  tobacco.  There  are  iron  mines, 
and  feveral  medicinal  fprings.  The  prin- 
cipal rivers  which  water  this  country,  are 
the  Retzat,  Rednitz,  the  Almuhl,  the  Jaxt, 
the  Sulz,  and  theTauber;  a  fmall  part  of  it 
lies  on  the  Mayn,  which  produces  good 
wine.  The  principal  towns  are  Anfpach, 
Schwabach,  Roth,  Gunzenhaufen,  Wafler- 
trudingen,  Heilfbrun,  and  Feuchtwang.  The 
numberof  inhabitants  iseftimated  at2i5, 256. 
The  principality  of  Anfpach  was  fold  to  the 
King  of  Pruflia  m  1 791,  by  the  late  Margrave 
Chriftiern  Frederick  Charles  Alexander,  who 
married  Lady  Craven,  and  died  in  England, 
at  a  feat  he  had  purchafed  near  Newbury, 
Berks,  in  January  1806. 

Anjpachy  a  city  of  Germany,  and  capital 
of  the  principality  fo  called,  in  the  circle  of 
Franconia,  fituatea  on  the  Retzat.  13  miles 
SW.  Nurcmburg.  Lo7tg.  10.  2,Z'  E.  Lat^ 
48.  12  N. 

AnJIruthery  a  feaport  town  of  Scotland, 
fituated  on  the  eaftern  part  of  the  county  of 
Fife,  towards  the  German  fea.  It  is  divided 
by  a  fmall  river  into  two  towns,  Eafter  and 
Weller,  both  Royal  burghs,  united  with 
Pittenweem,  Kilrenny,  and  Crail,  to  fend  one 
member  to  Parliament:  the  harbour  is  capa- 
ble of  receiving  only  fmall  veiftls.  Twenty 
veffeis,  amounting  in  the  whole  to  1172  tons, 
are  eirkployed  in  the  commerce  of  this  place; 
and  conliaerable  quantities  of  fifh  are  caught 
and  fent  to  Cupar,  Edinburgh,  and  Glafgow; 
though  none  of  the  inhabitants  come  under 
the  denomination  of  fifhermen,  except  in  the 
herring  feafon,  when  four  boats  are  fitted 
out,  and  manned  by  the  tradelmen  of  the 
place,  and  fome  marmers.  25  miles  NNE. 
Edinburgh.  Long.z.^^.W.  Lat.  56.12.  N. 

AnJIyy  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Leicefter.    4  miles  SW.  Mount-Sorrel. 

Antay  HantayAnfen,  acanton  or  province 
of  Africa,  about  30  miles  in  length.  It  is 
well  watered,  and  produces  excellent  rice, 
maize,  fugar-canes,  oil,  and  palm  wine,  pine- 
apples, oranges,  and  lemons.  Elephants  arc 
numerous,  and  among  reptiles,  are  ferpcnts 


ANT 

ef  an   enormous  fize.    Lon^.  j.  to  3.  W. 
/,<?#.  li'oout  4.  40.  N. 

jiiita'',  a  town  of  Syria,  fuppofed  to  be 
the  ancient  Anthchia  ad  Taurum,  in  Coma- 
jjena,  which  was  erefled  into  a  fmall  king- 
<Iom  hy  the  Romans,  when  they  made  the 
roll  of  Syria  a  province.  This  town  is  (itii- 
ated  on  two  hills,  and  the  vaticy  between 
them,  and  is  about  three  miles  in  circumfe- 
rence; the  fmall  river  Sejour  runs  by  the 
town,  and  is  conveyed  to  tlie  higher  parts 
of  it  by  aquedufts,  carried  round  the  hills 
■which  branch  out  from  the  river  above  the 
town:  there  are  many  fine  i'prings  that  rife 
about  this  place.  The  airof  Antab  isefteemed 
to  be  very  good;  the  people  live  moftly  on 
the  hills,  and  have  their  (hops  in  the  valley; 
thefe  being  built  at  the  foot  of  the  hills,  and 
having  ilat  roofs,  one  infcnfibly  defcends 
upon  them,  and  the  covered  ftreets  which 
lie  between  them  ;  fo  that  it  furprifes  any 
one,  when  he  Hippofes  he  is  walking  on  the 
ground,  to  look  down  through  holes,  which 
give  light  to  the  ftreets  beneath,  and  fee 
people  walking  under  his  feet.  There  is  a 
ftrong  old  caftle,  on  a  round  hill,  with  a 
<feep  foffe  about  it,  cut  out  of  the  rock. 
Within  the  fofTe  there  is  a  covered  way,  and 
from  this  the  hill  is  cafed  all  the  way  up 
■with  hewn  ftone.  They  have  here  a  conli- 
derable  manufatfture  of  coarfc  ftamped  ca- 
IcoesJ  The  Chrillians  are  all  of  the  Arme- 
nian communion.  They  have  a  church  here, 
and  fpeakTurkin-i,  as  they  do  in  almoll:  all 
the  villages  between  Aleppo  and  Antab;  and 
flrom  this  place  northward  the  Arabic  lan- 
guage is  not  fpoken.  Many  medals  are 
found  here,  which  prove  the  antiquity  of  the 
city;  they  are  chiefly  of  the  Syrian  kings, 
and  lome  alfo  of  the  kings  of  Cappadocia. 
A.0  miles  N.Aleppo,  and  ijo  SW.  Diarbek. 
J^oug.  ^-j.  35.  E.     Lat.  36.  zj.  N. 

Antakia,  lee  Antioch. 

Antallat  fee  Satalia. 

ArifnrJro,  a  town  of  Aftatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia,  fituated  in  the  gulf  of  Adramitti. 
J 2  miles  VVNW.  Adramitti. 

Antiiptu  A  town  of  Syria,  near  Aleppo, 
t.ikeii  bv  Timur  Ike  in  1400. 

Antaralik  Fiord,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Weft-Greenland.  /.(J/A,^  49.  45.W.  Lat. 
64.  40.  N. 

Ar.tc,  L\  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Diveat  Colliba-uf,  in  thedepartment 
of  the  Calvados. 

Aiitfgtiuto,  a  town  of  Italy.  4  m.  \\'NW. 
Drefeia. 

■  yhitequi-ra,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  king- 
d(ini  of  (Jrenada,  built  by  the  Moors,  on  the 
ruins  of  the  ancient  Singili.i,  divided  into 
parts  or  (juarterr.,  one  of  which  is  (ituated 
on  a  hill  much  above  the  rcit,  where  are  the 
ca'ftic,  and  tiie  Iiouics  of  the  Nobility ;  in  the 
nc:ghbou:ln;odarequairicsof  excellent  ftone 


ANT 

for  building,  and  great  quantities  of  natural 
fait,  enough  to  furnifh  the  province.  In  14 10, 
this  tov/n  v/as  taken  by  Ferdinand,  fon  to  Mar- 
tin, king  of  A  ragon,  from  the  Moors,  by  ftcrm' 
26  milles  NNW.  Malaga,  and  54  ■'-V,  Gre- 
nada.    Z/W/^"".  4.  47.  W.    Z^/.  37.  6.  N. 

Anteqttera,  fee  ^uaxaco. 

Antcr,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  S 
miles  SSW.  Korna. 

A?itcrly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Caa- 
dcifli.     10  miles  S.  Burhanpour. 

AnthoTj,  fee  Fillet tc  d""  Anthon. 

Anthony  Cave' 5  ijland,  an  ifland  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Lcng.  152.  jo.  E.  Lat. 
3. 10.  S. 

Aiitlmiy^s  Nofe^  a  lofty  headland  of  New- 
York,  on  Hudfon's  river,  a  little  to  the  north 
ot  Weft-Point. 

AnthoJiy's  Killy  a  branch  of  the  Hudfon's 
river,  above  the  Mohawk  river. 

Aiitibesi  a  feaport  town  of  Fi  ance,  in  the 
department  of  the  Var,  and  chief  place  of  a 
canton,  in  the  diftri^l  of  Graife.  It  was  the 
fee  of  a  bifhop  in  the  firft  ages  of  Chriftia- 
nity,  but  removed  by  Pope  Innocent  IV.  to 
GrafTc,  in  the  year  1150,  on  account  of  the 
piratical  Moors  of  Africa  and  Spain,  who 
level  al  times  facked  the  town,  and  plundered 
the  inhabitants.  The  harbour  is  only  capa* 
b!e  ol  receiving  fmall  veft'els.  In  the  year 
J  746,  this  town  was  befieged  on  the  land 
fide  by  the  Auftrians,  and  at  fea  by  tlie 
Englifli,  It  was  bombarded  from  the  26th 
of  December  till  the  30th  of  January,  but 
without  fuccefs;  and  though  the  town  was 
half  reduced  to  afhes,  it  held  out  tiM  relieved 
by  Marfhal  Belleifle.  4  pofts  SW.  Nice, 
132  S8E.  Paris.    Long.  7.  11.  E.     X^//.  43* 

AnticoJIi,  an  ifland  of  North-America,  is 
the  mouth  of  die  river  St.  Lawrence,  about 
80  miles  in  length  from  eaft:  to  weft,  and  in 
the  middle,  where  wideft,  about  20,  but  gra- 
dually lefJening  towards  each  end;  the  foil 
is  liindy,  and  in  general  barren.  Long.  61. 
30.  to  64.  12.  W.  Lut.  49.  10.  to 49. 46.  N. 

yhitietum,  a  river  of  America,  which  riles 
in  Pennfylvania,  and  runs  into  thePotomack, 
in  the  ftate  of  Maryland,  Long.  77. 46.  W. 
J,at.  39.  26.  N. 

Aiitigareeaky  a  fmalJ  ifland  in  the  Eaftern 
Indian  fea,  near  the  coaft  of  Concan.  30 
miles  N.  Ghcriah.  Long.  72.  j8.  E.  Lat, 
1 7.  10.  N. 

Antignanay  or  Antinjatut,  a  town  of  Iftria. 
3  miles  NNE.  Pedena. 

Anfigny,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Friburg.     8  miks  SW.  Friburg. 

Antigone.,  or  Antigonia,  one  of  the  Prince's 
iflands,  in  the  fea  of  Marmora.  Long.  aS. 
54.  F.     /v^//.  40.  53-N. 

Antigua^  an  ifland  of  the  Weft-Indics> 
which  IS  upwards  of  fifty  miles  in  circum- 
lercncc,  and  contains  59,838  acres  of  grounjlj 


AK  T 

of  which  34,000  are  appropriated  to  the 
growth  ofiiigar,  and  parturage annexed;  its 
other  principal  commodities  are  cotton,wool, 
and  tobacco.  Antigua  is  divided  into  fix 
pariflies,  and  eleven  diftritfts  ;  and  contains 
fix  towns  and  villages,  St.  John's,  (the  capi- 
tal,) Parham,  Falmouth,  Willoughby-Bay, 
Old-Road,  and  James-Fort;  of  which  the 
two  firft  are  legal  ports  of  entry.  No  iHand 
in  this  part  of  the  Weft-Indies  can  boaft  of 
fo  many  excellent  harbours.  Ofthefe,  the 
principal  are  Englifh  Harbour  and  St.  John's, 
both  well  fortified ;  and  at  the  former,  the 
Biitifla  government  has  eftablifhed  a  royal 
navy-yard  and  aifenal,  and  conveniences  for 
careening  (hips  of  war.  Long.  61.  a8.  W. 
J^at.  17.  12.  N. 

Antilibartosi  mountains  of  Afia,  eaft  of 
Libanu?.  They  arc  in  faft  a  continuation  of 
the  fame  chain. 

Antilles,  a  name  given  by  foreign  geogra- 
phers to  fome  of  the  Weft-India  iflands ;  but 
in  the  application  they  are  not  agreed,  nor 
in  the  meaning  of  the  word ;  being  by 
fome  applied  to  the  Caribbean  iflands;  by 
others  divided  into  the  Greater  Antilles, 
comprehending  under  this  name,  Cuba,  Hif- 
paniola,  Jamaica,  and  Porto  Rico  ;  and  the 
Lefs,  comprehending  Aruba,  Curagoa,  Bo- 
nair,  Mar^aretta,  and  Ibmc  others  near  the 
coaft  of  South-America.  The  laft  has  been 
moft  generally  received,  though  perhaps 
both  improper, 

Antitht,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Navarre,     ij  miles  from  Balbaftro. 

Antimilo^  ox  Remom'doy  a  fmal!  ifland  in 
the  Grecian  Archipelago.  15  miles  NW. 
Milo.    Long.  24  .25.  E.    Lat.  36.  .50.  N. 

Antioch,  or  Antakia,  a  town  of  Syria, 
founded  by  Antigonus,  who  fucceeded  Alex- 
ander in  Syria,  and  by  him  called  Antigonia. 
Selcucus,  after  his  conqaeft  of  Antigonus, 
did  not  think,  this  fituation  ftrong  enough 
for  the  capital  of  his  kingdom,  therefore  he 
deftroyed  the  town,  and  with  the  materials 
built  another  city,  which  he  named  Anti- 
echia,  in  honour  of  his  father.  Antioch  is 
remarkable  for  its  extraordinary  fituation,  as 
well  as  for  having  been  one  of  the  moft  con- 
fiderable  cities  of  the  eaft.  It  was  the  reli- 
dence  of  the  Macedonian  kings  of  Syria  for 
feveral  hundred  years;  and  afterwards  of 
the  Roman  governors  of  that  province,  fo 
that  it  was  called  die  queen  of  the  eaft.  It 
is  alfo  remarkable  in  ecclefiaftical  hiftory, 
for  being  the  fee  of  the  great  patriarchate  of 
the  eaft,  in  which  St.  Peter  firft  fat ;  it  was 
here  that  Paul  and  Barnabas  feparated  for 
the  work  of  the  gofpel,  the  latter  embarking 
for  Cyprus.  This  city  is  often  mentioned 
in  the  Aifts  of  the  Apoftles ;  and  here  the 
difciples  of  Chrift  firft  obtained  the  name  of 
Chriftians,  fo  that  it  was  cailed  the  eye  of 
the  eaftern  church.    It  was  here  that  the 


A  NT 

great  Germanicus  fell  a  facrifice  to  the  jea*« 
loufy  of  Tiberius,  being  poifoned  bv  Pifo, 
by  order  of  the  tyrant.  Many  of  the  em- 
perors, when  they  came  into  the  eaft,  pafTed 
a  confiderable  time  in  this  city,  and  Lucius 
Verus  in  particular  fpent  four  fummcrs  at 
Daphne,  near  this  place,  pafling  his  winters 
at  Antioch  and  Laodicea.  The  exaft:  fitu- 
ation of  the  city  is  ftill  to  be  feen  ;  fince  the 
old  walls  are  {landing,  and  fome  of  thcni 
which  are  built  with  the  greateft  ftrength, 
are  perfedly  entire :  but  the  greater  part 
are  much  (battered  by  earthquakes,  which 
have  been  violent  and  fi  equont  at  this  place. 
In  the  year  1097,  this  city,  at  that  time  in 
the  pofTefTion  of  the  Turks,  was  beficged  by 
the  Chriftian  army,  engaged  in  the  crufades, 
amounting  to  three  hundred  thoufand  men, 
befides  women  and  children.  The  lord  of 
Antioch  at  that  time  was  named  Acian,  of 
the  family  of  the  Sultans  of  Perfia,who  had 
collcded  a  large  army  for  its  defence.  It 
held  out  till  March  IC98,  when  it  was 
granted  by  the  council  of  Chrifl:ian  princes 
to  Bohemond,  prince  of  Tarento.  This  prin- 
cipality of  Antioch,  like  that  of  EdefTa,  was 
independent  of  the  crown  of  Jerufalem, 
though  it  was  always  confidered  as  in  fome 
meafure  connefted  with  it.  From  Bohe- 
mond it  defcended,  by  the  right  of  fuccef^ 
fion,  to  his  poflerity,  who  pofTefTed  it  till 
A.D.  1269,  when  it  was  taken  by  the  Sara- 
cens of  Egypt  from  the  other  Bohemond, 
who  was  the  laft  prince  who  had  it  under 
his  dominion.  Many  remains  of  its  ancient 
grandeur  and  magnificence  may  be  ftill  ^tzn 
I'cattered  here  and  there  among  heaps  of 
ruins,  but  a  great  part  of  its  walls  were 
thrown  down  by  an  earthquake  in  the  year 
1759.  According  to  fome,  the  city  of  Ant 
tioch  ftands  in  the  fite  of  the  city  of  Riblah, 
in  which  Nebuchadnezzar  refided,  when 
Zedekias,  the  laft  king  of  Judah,  was  con- 
duced before  him.  This  city,  anciently 
renowned  for  the  luxury  of  the  inhabitants, 
is  now  no  more  than  a  ruinous  town ;  whofc 
houfes,  built  with  mud  and  ftraw,  and  nar- 
row and  miry  ftreets,  exhibit  every  appear- 
ance of  niifery  and  wretchednefs.  Thcfe 
houfes  are  fituated  on  the  fouthern  bank  of 
the  Orontes,  at  the  extremity  of  an  old  de- 
cayed bridge :  they  are  covered  to  the  fouth 
by  a  mountain,  upon  the  flope  of  which  is  a, 
wall,  built  by  the  Crufaders.  The  diftancff 
bctween  the  prefent  town  and  this  mountain 
may  he  about  400  yards,  which  fpace  is  oc- 
cupied by  gardens  and  heaps  of  rubbifh,  but 
prefent  nothing  interefting.  Notwithftand- 
ing  the  unpolilhed  manner  of  its  prefent  in- 
habitants, Antioch  was  better  calculated  than 
Aleppo  to  be  the  emporium  of  Europeans. 
By  clearing  the  mouth  of  the  Orontes,  which 
is  eighteen  miles  lower  down,  boats  might 
have  been  towed  up  the  river,  but  not  have 


ANT 

failed  up  ;  its  current  is  too  rapid.  Antioch 
is  governed  by  a  waiwode,  under  the  pacha 
of  Aleppo,  but  appointed  by  the  Porte. 
About  9  miles  from  it  is  a  large  lake,  which 
abounds  with  fifli,  efpecially  eels.  It  is  the 
ice  of  a  Greek  patriarcli.  50  miles  WN  W. 
Aleppo.    Lo/ig.  36.  18.  E.     Laf.  36. 6.  N. 

jintioche,  ( Fertids  dc,)  ji  channel  in  the 
Atlantic,  near  the  coall  of  France,  between 
thciiland  of  Re,  and  the  idand  of  Aix. 

Antiochctta)  a  town  of  illiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  fca-coall  of  Caraniania.  88  miles  S. 
Cogni,  55  WSW.  Selefke.  Long.  32. 30.  E. 
Lat.  ;,6.  6.  N. 

ylntioquitiy  a  town  of  South-America,  and 
capital  of  a  province  in  the  \  ice-royalty  of 
New-Grenada,  on  the  river  St.  Martha.  This 
province  is  highly  celebrated  for  its  gold 
mines.  170  miles  N.  Santa  Fc  de  Bogota. 
Long.  74.  30.  W.     Lat.  6.  50.  N. 

Antioquia,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  government  of  Choco.  30  miles  NW. 
Santa  Fe  de  Antioquia. 

ylutiparos,  one  of  the  Greek  iflands  in 
tlie  Archipelago,  about  fixteen  miles  in  cir- 
cumterence.  In  it  is  a  remarkable  grotto, 
much  admired  and  fpoken  of  by  travellers, 
^r.d  by  ibme  produced  in  evidence  of  the 
\egetation  of  Ifones.  The  ancient  name  of 
this  ifland  was  Oliaros ;  the  p;  elent  takes  its 
i)amc  from  its  iituation  oppoiite  Paros,  from 
which  it  is  only  about  four  miles  to  the  weft. 
Lang.  25.  13.  E.     Lat.  37.  2.  N. 

Antipaxn,  or  Autipackfuy  a  fmall  ifland 
in  the  Greci.m  Archipelago,  a  little  to  the 
i'outh  of  Paxu. 

Antipinoy  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  pro- 
fince  of  Saratov,  on  the  Volga.  100  miles 
S.  Saratov. 

Antipfyra,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Grecian 
Archipelago,  a  miles  from  the  ifland  of 
Jlpfera.     Lons-  25-  Zo-  E.     Lat.  38.  42.  N. 

Anthaurus,  araountain  of  Afiatic  Turkey, 
being  a  continuation  of  Mount  Taurus,  ex- 
pending to  the  Euphrates. 

Antivar'tt  a  town  ot  European  Turkey,  in 
Albania.  It  is  flroug,  but  thinly  inhabited. 
It  was  anciently  tlie  fee  of  an  archbilliop, 
vpder  the  firit  kings  of  Dalmatia;  but  when 
ihat  kingdom  was  deftioyed,  it  fell  to  the 
Venetians,  from  whom  it  was  taken  by  the 
Tur!;s  in  the  Litter  end  of  the  i^th  century, 
in  whofe  polfcllion  it  yet  remains.  8  miles 
aNW.  p,uu:igno,  38  SE.  Ragufa.  Llti^.  lii. 
J  I.E.    JL^j?.  42.25.  N. 

AntUJlori\  ii,  towu  gf  Auftria.  6  miles  E. 
Entzcrliorf^'. 

^ntoiir^y  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
micnt.  ut  the  Jemappe,  near  the  Scheldt.  4 
miles  E.  Tournay. 

Anion,  or  TtJ,  a  river  of  England,  which 
files  about  ten  miles N.ofAndovcr,inHamp- 
fhirc,  and  being  in  its  courfe  increafed  by 
feverul  ltrt„:r'j^  expav;id3  at  Rcdbr^idgCj  an-.l 


ANT 

takes  the  name  of  Southampton  water  till  it 
joms  the  Channel  at  Spithead, 

Antongil  Bay,on  theealf  fide  of  the  ifland 
ofMadagafcar.  Z.5h^.49.2.E.  Lat.is.^o.S. 

y^///d/;zj7'5r)',  atownof  Hindooflan,  in  Berar, 
20  miles  W.  Mahur. 

Antonienberg,  one  of  the  highefl  parts  of 
the  Swifs  Alps,  in  the  Valais. 

Antonne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
mcnt  of  the  Dordogne,  on  the  Ille.  5  lailes 
E.  Perigueux.  --x 

Anionc-vj,  a  town  in  the  paktinate  of 
Minfli.     1 6  miles  SSE.  Mozyr. 

Antony.,  a  town  of  France.  6  miles S.  Parisv 

Antounagan,  a  river  of  North -America, 
which  runs  mto  Lake  Superior,  on  the  Ibuth 
fide,  Lat.  89.  45.  W.  46.  22.  N. 

ylntraigne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardeche.    10  m.  W.  Privas, 

Antrain,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ille  and  Vilaine.  ai  mile^ 
NNE.  Rennes,  and  12  SE.  Doi. 

Antrim^  a  maritime  county  of  Ireland,  iri 
theprovinceof  Ulfter;  bounded  on  the  north 
and  ealf  by  the  fea,  on  the  fouth  by  the 
county  of  Down,  and  on  the  weft  by  that 
of  Londonderry;  45  miles  in  length  from 
north  to  fouth,  and  24  from  ealt  to  weft ; 
the  principal  towns  are  Belfaft,  Carrickfer- 
gus,  Antrim,  Lifburn,  Ballymena,  and  Bal- 
lymoney.  The  principal  river  is  the  Bann. 
The  number  of  houies  are  computed  at 
21:922,  and  the  number  of  inhabitants  are 
160,000.  Fire  members  are  returned  to  the 
imperial  parliament,  viz.  two  for  the  county, 
and  for  Belfalt,  Lifburn,  and  Carrickfergus, 
one  each. 

Antrim^  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  the  fame  name,  lituated  at  the  north-eafi 
of  Lough  Neagh,  from  whence  is  a  commu- 
nication to  the  fea  northward  by  the  Bann, 
and  caftward  by  the  river  called  Sis-?mle 
IVatcr,  and  fouthward  by  the  Newry  canal. 
It  is  a  place  of  ibme  trade,  a  corporation,  and 
before  the  union  fcnt  two  members  to  the 
Irifli  parliament.  In  June  1 798,  Antrim  was 
taken  poffeffion  of  by  the  rebels,  but  they 
were  loon  driven  from  it.  12.  miles  NW. 
Belfaft,  43  SE.  Londonderry,  and  84  N» 
Dublin.     J^ong.  6.  6.  W.    Lat.  54.  43.  N. 

Antrim,  a  town  of  New-Iiamplhire.  70 
miles  NW.  Bofton. 

Antro/ogo,  a  town  of  Naples,  and  pro- 
vince of  Balilicata.     11  miles  NE.  Venola. 

Antros,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
France,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Garonne,  on 
which  the  t-jwer  of  Cordovan  is  built.  Long, 
i.W.     Z.z/.  45.  38.N. 

Antrum,  a  mountain  of  Swiffcrland,  in 
the  Valais,  a  part  of  the  Alps,  which  may  be 
pafltjd  Irom  the  Valais  into  the  Milanefe. 

Antjha,  a  town  of  Turkilh  Armenia,  in 
the  government  of  Erzerum.  25  miles  NNE, 
Ifpira.,  ^ 


ANT 

Antulh,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment ofthe  Sa6ne  and  Loire.  5  m.  S.  Autun. 

Ant^verp,  a  city  of  France,  and  capital  of 
the  department  or  the  TwoNethes.  Before 
the  union  ofthe  Netherlands  with  France,  it 
was  the  capital  of  a  marquilate.  It  is  fituatcd 
in  a  large  plain,  on  the  eallern  fide  of  the 
Scheldt,  which  has  here  fufficient  depth  and 
width  to  admit  vefTels  of  great  burthen  clofe 
to  the  quay ;  and  even  bv  means  of  canak  cut 
through  the  town,  vefTels  may  be  brought 
to  unload  at  the  very  doors.  The  commerce 
of  this  city,  rather  more  than  two  centuries 
ago,  was  uiperior  to  that  of  anv  other  ft  ate 
of  Europe,  2,500  merchar.t-veflels  arriving 
in  its  port  in  one  year;  and  it  is  recorded  in 
the  annals  ofthe  place,  that  the  value  of  the 
merchandize  imported  in  the  year  1550 
amounted  to  one  hundred  and  thirty-three 
millions  of  gold :  and  as  a  proof  of  the  riches 
and  magnificence  of  its  merchants,  they  re- 
late that  a  certaii.  merchant,  named  John 
Daens,  having  lent  the  emperor  Charles  V. 
a  million  of  gold,  invited  him  to  dinner; 
when,  after  a  royal  entertainment,  he  threw 
the  emperor's  bond  into  the  (ire,  made  of 
cinnamon.  But  fince  that  time,  when  the 
United  Provinces  threw  off  the  yoke  of  tlie 
Spanilh  government,  having  got  pofTeflion 
ofthe  entrance  of  the  Scheldt,  they  built 
forts  on  the  lides,  and  funk  obilruftions  in 
the  channel  to  prevent  a  free  navigation; 
in  conl'equencc  of  which  the  commerce  of 
Antwerp  was  ruined,  and  grafs  grew  be- 
fore the  warehouies  of  thofe  who  had  been 
the  greatefl  merchants  in  the  univerfe.  It 
is  ftill  however  a  large  and  handfome  citv, 
and  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fufTragan  of  the 
archbifhop  of  Malines.  The  ilreets  are  in 
general  wide  and  llraight,  and  furrounded 
by  a  wall  and  regular  fortifications;  the  ci- 
tadel, of  a  pentagon  form,  was  built  by  or- 
der ofthe  Duke  of  Alva,  on  a  riling  ground, 
to  keep  the  citizens  in  av.-e.  During  the 
civil  wars,  in  the  fixteenth  century,  this  city 
fuffcred  confiderably.  In  ij66,  the  Proreft- 
ants  pillaged  the  churches  with  ex.trcme 
fury.  In  1576,  the  Spanifli  foldiers  muti- 
nied on  account  of  their  pay,  joined  the 
rebels,  furprifed  the  city,  and  made  dread- 
ful (laughter  of  the  inhabitants  ;  the  town- 
houfe,  and  many  other  magnificent  build- 
ings, with  fix  hundred  houfes,  were  burnt  to 
afhes,  and  upwards  of  ten  thoufand  perfons 
killed  and  wounded.  This  calamity  began 
on  the  4th  of  November,  and  the  pillage  of 
the  city  continued  three  days.  In  the  year 
1585,  the  city  took  part  with  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  and  was  commanded  by  Philip  de 
Marnix,  baron  of  Stfe.  Aldegonde,  v/ho  had 
been  the  prince's  confidential  friend,  and 
one  in  whom  the  citizens  efpccially  repoled 
great  faith.  The  Prince  of  Parma  was  at 
that  time  general  of  the  Spanilh  forces,  and 


A  NU 

laid  (iege  to  Antwerp.  Never,  they  Tay, 
was  a  place  better  attacked,  or  better  defendi 
ed ;  but  at  the  end  of  a  year,  being  driven  to 
great  diftrefs  for  the  want  of  prov.lions,  the 
beiieged  were  obliged  to  capitulate,  and  the 
fovereignry  ofthe  king  of  Spain  was  again 
acknowledged  at  Antwerp.  Af.er  this" the 
Protellants,  to  avoid  the  government  of  an 
arbitrary  Catholic  prince,  removed  with  tlicir 
families  and  ettl 6ls  to  Amiteid  ini  and  other 
places,  where  they  might  be  al;  jwcd  liberty 
of  conf'cicnce,  and  a  free  excrcife  of  thefr 
religion.  This  was  the  iirll  blow  to  the 
connncrce  of  Antwerp,  and  from  t  is  time 
that  of  Amfterdam  incrcafed,  which  laft  city 
it  is  faid  ufed  every  underhand  method  in 
its  power  to  prevent  afliitance  being  given  to 
her  rival  during  the  fiege.  At  the  treaty  of 
Munfter,  when  a  peace  was  concluded  be- 
tween Philip  IV.  and  the  United  Provinces, 
when  the  independence  of  thoft;  provinces 
was  acknowledged  and  guaranteed,  Antwerp 
feenis  to  have  fallen  a  facrifice  for  a  peace- 
offering;  for,  by  an  article  of  that  treaty,  it 
was  agreed  that  no  large  merchant-vdrd 
(hould  fail  to  Antwerp,  without  firll  unload- 
ing her  cargo  in  one  ofthe  ports  of  Holland, 
from  whence  the  merchandize  niigh.t  be  con- 
veyed to  Antwerp  in  barges  or  fniall  veffels. 
This  gave  a  death-blow  to  its  commerce, 
(ince  v^hich  it  has  never  revived.  The  late 
emperor  Jofeph  made  a  pretence  of  again 
opening  the  navigation  of  the  Scheldt;  but 
for  want  of  refijlution,  con  dud,  or  power, 
thefcheme  proved  abortive.  The  late  threat- 
ened plan  of  opening  the  Scheldt  by  the 
French,  \vhich\vas,  at  ieafl,  the  often (ible 
real'on  for  England's  taking  up  aims  is  well 
known.  The  navigation  was  declared  free 
in  the  month  of  Auguft,  1794.  Antwei'p 
was  taken  by  the  French  in  November  1792, 
and  the  citadel  furrendered  prifbners  of  war 
the  29th  of  that  month;  the  French  evacu- 
ated it  in  March  foilon'ing.  In  July  1794, 
it  furrendered  to  the  republicar.  troops  agnin. 
31  ports  W.  Luxemburg,  and  44  N.  Paris. 
Long.  4.  22.  E.     LciLi;!.  14.  N. 

y^/!/tc'.,  a  tosvn  of  Arabia,  in  the  province  of 
Nedsjed.     73  mjles  NE.  Kariatain. 

Anvcrfa,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Citra.     4  miles  W.  Sulmona. 

Anui  Bolfche,  a  river  of  PaifHa,  which  runs 
intothcKollma,  24  m.E.Niznei  NGvinil]<oi. 

yluui  Siicho!,  a  river  of  RufTia,  which 
runs  into  the  Kolima,  27  miles  E.  Niznei 
Novimncoi. 

Jnvill  If.and,  an  ifland  in  the  Gulf  of 
Georgia,  00  the  wcfl  coaft  of  North- Ame" 
rica,  riifcrovered  by  Capt.  Vancouver,  and  fo 
called  from  the  (hape  of  a  mountain  which 
forms  the  ifland.  Long,  of  the  eaft  point 
237.  3.  E.     Lat.  49.  30.  N. 

AnuiJ'kaia,  a  fortrci's  of  RufTia.  50  rr.iieS 
WN W.  m%.  Long,  83,  J4.,E.  Z,<7/.  52.N. 


A  O  1§ 

Atnmdpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Cuzerat,    48  miles  NE,  Junagur. 

An<weilcr^  a  town  of"  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mont  Tonnerre,  on  the  Qweich, 
formerly  belonging  to  the  diitchy  of  Deux 
Fonts,  but  ceded  to  France  by  the  peace  of 
Weftphalia.  8  miles  W.  Landau.  Long. 
%.  E.    Lot.  49. 13.  N. 

Anzit  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Bafilicata.  8 
miles  SE.  Potenza. 

Anza,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs  into 
the  Tofa  near  Ugogna. 

Anzarha,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
the  government  of  Adana,  anciently  called 
Anazarha-i  and  afterwards  Cxfarea  Augufta. 
in  1130?  a  battle  was  fought  near  this  town 
in  a  plain  called  Prat.um  Palliorurfi,  between 
the  Chriftians,  under  the  command  of  Bo- 
hemond  prince  of  Antioch,  and  the  Saracens, 
under  Rhodoan  lord  of  Aleppo,  in  which 
the  former  were  defeated,  and  their  com- 
mander killed.  It  was  very  early  ere(5\ed 
iVo  a  bilhop's  fee.  30  miles  NE.  Adana, 
and  30  WSW.  Marafch.  Loig.  2,$.  45-  E. 
Lat.:,i.  4.N. 

Anzergetti,  or  Oujlourgeti,  a  town  of  the 
principality  of  Guriel,  fituated  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  country,  and  called  the  capital. 
76  miles  SW.  Cotatis.  Lcfig.  41.  40.  E. 
Laf.  41.  45-  N. 

Afixern/a,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
Ifhe  province  of  Popayan,  on  the  river  Cauca. 
160  miles  N.  Popayan.  Lo}7g.  75.  10.  W. 
Lat.  4.  54.  N. 

Anzerpach,  a  river  of  Auflria,  which  runs 
into  the  Danube,  2  miles  below  Tulln. 

Aiizy  le  Due,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  4  miles 
N.  Marcigny. 

Aiiziko,  acountry  of  Africa,  divided  from 
Congo  bv  the  river  of  Zaire.  The  people 
are  defciibed  as  the  eaters  of  human  flefh, 
Nvhicli  they  publicly  expofe  on  their  Iham- 
bles  for  f;ile. 

Anznki,  oxAnznqiiiaina.,  a  ftron.g  town  of 
Japan,  in  the  ifl  ind  of  Niphon,  on  the  eaft 
coail  of  the  Lake  of  Meaco.  80  miles  NE. 
Men  CO. 

Avzudos,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  Spanifh  Main.  Lcfig  82.  50.  W. 
Lat.  10.5.  N. 

Acciys,  or  Aoyz,  a  town  of  Spain  in  Na- 
varre, (ituatcd  on  the  river  Yrate.  10  miles 
-NW.  Sangucfa,  and  12  E.  Pamplona. 

Acdcr,  a  river  of  Fez,  which  runs  into  the 
Saboc,  20  miles  E.  Mamora. 

Aochiini,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
x^omof  Algiers,  between  Tenezand  Sercelles. 

Aocs  Creek,  a  river  of  New  Jerfcy,  which 
runs  into  the  Delaware.  Lor/g.  75.  36.  W. 
X,af.  39.  ,^0. 

Aoo?h!/',  a  town  cf  Africa,  on  the  Slave 
Coaft.^    J.o//g.  c.  5.  W.     Lai.  c.  56.  N. 

Aijur,  a  city  of  France,   and  principal 


A  P  A 

place  of  a  diftrit^,  in  the  department  of  the 
Doria.  Before  the  conquefl:  of  Piedmont^by 
the  French,  it  was  a  city  of  Savoy,  Ctuatea 
at  the  foot  of  the  Pennine  and  Greek  Alps, 
which  join  in  this  place  in  a  valley,  to  which 
it  gives  name,  on  the  grand  Dona;  the  val- 
ley is  about  thirty  miles  in  length,  and  fertile 
in  pafturage  and  fruit.  It  was  anciently  in- 
habited  by  the  Salaffes,  who  having  commit- 
ed  divers  hoflilities  againft  the  Romans, 
were  fubdued  by  Terentius  Varro,  and  feve- 
ral  thoufands  taken  prifoners ;  refervingfome 
to  adorn  his  triumph,  he  fold  the  reit  for 
flaves:  and  the  Emperor  Auguftus  fent  thi- 
ther a  Roman  colony  with  fome  Praetorian 
foldiers,  whence  the  town  obtained  the  name 
of  Augufla  Prastoria.  It  was  alfo  called 
Augufta  Salaffiarum.  Some  call  it  Cordelia, 
from  Cordellus,  the  fon  of  Stratillus;  others 
Oftium,  becaufe  it  was,  as  it  were,  the  gate 
or  pafs  from  Germany  to  Gaul.  On  the 
decline  of  the  Roman  empire,  when  tlie  bar- 
barians invaded  Italy,  this  country  became 
fubjed  firft  to  the  Goths,  then  to  the  Lom- 
bards, and  the  latter  chofe  Aofta  for  the  car 
tal  of  a  dutchy,  at  the  fame  time  that  they  ] 
named  Turin  the  capital  of  another  dutchy. 
On  the  deftruftion  of  the  kingdom  of  Lom- 
bardy,  Aofta  came  under  the  power  of  the 
French  and  the  Burgundians;  from  whom  it 
pafied  to  the  Marquis  of  Ivrca,  lieutenant- 
general  of  the  army  of  the  German  emperor, 
on  the  confines  of  Italy.  It  came  at  length 
to  the  houfe  of  Savoy,  cither  by  grant  or  de- 
fcent.  The  town  is  furrounded  with  a  wall, 
which  is  much  decayed.  It  is  the  fee  of  a 
bilhop,  llifFragan  of  the  archbifhop  of  Ta- 
rcntaile.  Befides  the  cathedral,  it  has  one 
collegiate  and  three  parifh  churches.  There 
are  feveral  veftiges  of  Roman  grandeur,  fuch 
as  the  remains  of  an  amphitheatre;  a  trium- 
phal arch,  erededtothe  honour  of  Auguftus 
Casfar,  &c.  On  the  6th  of  September,  1799, 
the  French  drove  out  the  Auftrians;  but  m 
O(5tober  following  the  Auftrians  obtained  pof- 
feflion  of  it  again.  2-;  m.  NW.  Ivrea,  and  50 
NNVV.Turin.  Lcng.y.i-j.E.  Lat.^s-3^-'^' 

Aojh,  a  town  of  Syria,  near  the  fea,  the 
reddence  of  a  Maronite  patriarch.  35  milei 
S.  Tripoli. 

Aq/k,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Drome,  fituated  on  the  Drome. 
15  miles  S.  Valence,  and  2  SE.  Creft. 

Aouakel,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Red  Sea, 
near  the  coaft  of  AbyfTuiia.     Lat.  15. 14.  N. 

Aotitos,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
the  province  of  Romania.  44  miles  WNW. 
Burgas. 

Aoiiz,  a  town  of  Arabia  Petra;a,  near  the 
Red  Sea.     95  miles  S.  Calaat  el  Moilah. 

Aoyca,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre.  10 
miles  NW.  Pampeluna. 

Apalachia,  fee  St.  Mark. 

Apalachia,  a  feapou  town  of  Florida,  fiw- 


APE 

ated  in  ab'ay  or  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  fame 
name.     130  miles  E.  Penlacola. 

Apalachkola,  a  river  of  America,  which 
rifes  in  the  north  part  of  Georgia,  in  the 
Apalachian  mountains.  It  was  called  at 
firll  Chatahcochce,  or  Cata-ucki*;  and  fcrnis 
the  boundary  line  between  (ieorgia  and 
Weft-Florida,  till  it  arrives  at  lat.  31.  where 
it  joins  the  Flint  river,  and  takes  the  name  of 
Apalachicola.  It  now  forms  a  boundary  be- 
tween Eaft  and  Weft  Florida,  and  runs  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico.  Long.  84.  50.  W. 
l^at.  29.  52.  N. 

Apalachc  Bay,  a  large  bay  in  the  gulf  of 
Mexico.   Long.  84.  30.  W.  L/zt.  2<^.  50.  N. 

Apalackiccla,  a  town  en  the  river  io  called, 
in  Eaft-Florida.    roo  miles  NE.  Penfacola. 

Apam,^  or  Apayig,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
county  of  Akron,  on  the  Gold  Coaft,  where 
the  Dutch  built  a  fort,  principally  inhabited 
by  fifliermen.  The  iituation  is  laid  to  be 
convenient  for  commerce. 

Apaimai  fee  Haniah. 

Apam'is,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  the 
fee  of  a  Greek  bifiiop.  It  was  anciently 
failed  Apamca,  and  is  iituated  on  the  Mean- 
der, now  Mindra.    roo  miles  W.  Eficihifiar. 

Apanoryyiia,  or  Apamreju'ia.,  a  cape  and 
town  on  the  north-weft  coaft  of  the  ifland 
of  Santorin.  6  miles  NNW.  Scaro.  Long, 
15.  14.  E.  Lat.  36.  38.  N, 

Apart,  a  town  on  the  north  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Lu9on.  Long.  121.  44.  E.  Lat. 
18-  29.  N. 

Aparu,  a  river  of  Brafii,  which  runs  into 
the  Parana. 

Apaffi,  a  river  of  Circaflia,  which  runs 
snto  the  Cuban.     75  miles  E.  Taman. 

ApaJJh,  a  town  of  the  province  of  Mexico. 
41  miles  N.  Mexico. 

Aputchin,  a  town  of  Kamtchatka,  on  the 
Avatcha.     27  miles  W.Avatcha. 

Apchov,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cantal.     12  miles  N.  St.  Flour. 

Apcheroii,  fee  ApJJjeron. 

Ape,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Perfian  Gulf, 
f  miles  \V.  Bender  Rigk. 

Apee,  one  of  the  new  Hebrides,  about  60 
miles  in  circumference,  lituated  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean.  Long.  168.  31.  E.  Lat.  16. 
45.  s. 

Apeibo,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
of  Dalecarlia.  Long.  13.  56.  E.  Lat.  60. 
iS.  N. 

Apelche,  or  Apelfcehuel,  a  town  of  Holland, 
in  theftate  of  Freifland.  36  m.  S.  Lewarden. 

Apenhiirg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
the  Old  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  22  miles 
W.  Stendal,  9  SSE.  Salzwedel.  Lo?ig.  12. 
J23.  E.  Lat.  52.  40.  N. 
,  Apennines,  a  chain  of  mountains  of  Italy, 
extending  from  the  Alps  in  the  ftate  of 
Genoa,  to  the  fouthern  extremity  of  the 
liingdom  of  Isljiplss.    Thyugh  this  whole 


A  P  O 

chain  goes  by  the  general  name  of  Apcnninc, 
it  takes  different  names  in  diiTerent  places; 
as,  Monte  Scmola,  in  the  ftate  of  Genoa; 
on  the  confines  of  Nice,  Monte  Acuto; 
Jikev.'ife  in  the  ftate  of  Genoa,  %"<„ite  iier- 
gera,  or  Bergora,  near  Savona,  &c. 

ylppcnnina,  Department  of,  a  'i-iiion  ^f 
the  kingdom  of  Italy,  formed  o^  part  of 
the  dutchy  of  Modena,  including  the  piin- 
eipalities  of  MaIi^i,  Canara,  and  Carfagnano. 
It  contains  abcv.t  70,820  inhabita  ,  w'if> 
elcc^l  fix  deputies.  MafTa  is  the  capital.  A 
part  of  tliis  department  has  bceu  transferred 
to  Lucca. 

Apenradf,  or  Abenrade,  a  feaport  town 
of  Dcnmar];,  in  the  dutchy  of  Sltf wick,  li- 
tuated at  the  bottom  of  0  bay,  furrour.dtd 
with  hills,  which  form  a  good  harbour,  deep 
and  Iccure.  The  inhabitants  are  inueh  erri- 
ployed  in  fifliing;  it  is  bef  dcs  a  place  of 
confiderabie  trade.  Long.  9.  26.  E.  Lax, 
55.  .VN. 

Apfdjlaf,  a  river  of  Thuringia,  which 
runs  into  tlie  Gera,  5  miles  S.  Erfurt. 

Aphiovi ^Kara-krJJ'ar,  or  Kara-hijfur,  a 
town  of  Allatic  Turkev,  in  Natolia,  fituatcti 
on  the  Mindra.  This  tovs/n  was  anciently 
called  Prynmefia.  It  is  about  3  miles  io 
circumference,  and  built  at  the  foot  of  fomc 
mountains  round  a  high  rock,  on  the  top  of 
which  is  a  fortrcfs.  It  is  a  great  thorough- 
tare,  a  place  of  confidcrable  trade,  and  the 
rcfKicnoe  of  a  pacha.  Kerc  are  ten  ir.ofques. 
Among  the  inhabitants  are  a  few  Armeni^ms, 
but  neither  Jews  or  Greeks.  The  principal 
inanufi'fture  is  tliat  of  carpets.  This  town 
was  taken  by  the  Turks  in  1288,  and  here 
Othman  Hrft  took  the  title  of  Sultan,  or 
EmperoroftheOthmans,  in  1301;  and  it  v/as 
forfometirnc  the  capital,  till  the  feat  of  en'.- 
pire  was  removed  to  Jegnilhehn.  56  miles 
S.  Kiutaj;i,  and  162  E.  Smyrna.  Long.  -,o- 
26.  E.  Lat.  38.  21.  N. 

Aphrone.,-i.  mountain  of  Algiers.  i2  miles 
W.  Boujeiah. 

Apiao,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  South  Paci- 
fic Ocean,  near  the  coaft  of  Chili.  Lat.  44. 

5-S. 

Ap'ice,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Principa- 
tro  Citra.     7  miles  ESE.  Benevento. 

Apidano,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
which  runs  into  the  Peneus,  near  Larifla. 

Aplcheck,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Mark.     3  miles  S.  Dortmund. 

Apioga,  a  diftricl  of  the  kingdom  of  W'hi- 
dah,  on  the  Slave  Coaft,  in  Africa,  where  a 
regular  mr.rkec  is  held  for  fiaves,  cow?, 
flieep,  goats,  birds,  apes,  cloth,  cotton,  ca- 
licoes, iilk,  ftuffs,  china,  mercury,  gold  in 
duft  and  ingots,  Src. 

Apo,  one  of  the  fm^llcr  Philippine  iflands, 
between  MindoraandtheCalamianes.  Long,, 
123.  10.  E.  Lat.  9.  Z3.  N. 

A^o  Steals,  in  the  Eaftern  Indian  Sea,  hz- 


A  P  P 

tween  Mindora  and  the  Calamianes.  About 
38  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.  and  8  in 
breadth.  Long.  no.  36.  E.  Lat.  12.  47.  N. 

Apolda,  or  /Ipolleda,  a  town  of  Germany, 
/       in  the  principality  of  Weimar.  8  miles  NE. 
Wein-iar.    40  SW.  Leipfic.    Long.  11.  30. 
E.  irf/.  50.  56.N. 

Apolohamha,  a  town  of  South-America,  and 
capital  cf  a  jurifdi^ftion  in  the  government 
of  Bueno?-Ayres.  ao  miles  SE.  Caravaya, 
and  ii;6  SE.  Cufco. 

Apoh-Baniba,  a  jurifdi<5lion  of  Peru  in  the 
bifhoprick  of  Cufco,  compofed  of  feveral 
Indian  towns  and  villages,  under  a  major-ge- 
neral and  Francifcan  miflionaries. 

Apoma,  a  town  of  Mexico,  ih  the  province 
ot  Culiacan.    50  miles  N.  Culiacan. 

Apommeria,  fee  Apamnnia. 

Apoo,  a  fmall  idand  in  the  Eaftern  Indian 
Sea,  near  the  fouth-weft  coaft  of  Palawan. 
Lonv.  117.  27.  E.  Lat.  8.  5.  N. 

Apojlola  Thadeia,  a  cape  on  the  eafl:  coaft 
rf  Siberia,  at  the  weft  end  of  the  Anadirfkoi 
gulf,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean.  Long, 
178.  14.  E.  Lat.  63.  N. 

Apojlolesj  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  South  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  near  the  fouth-weft  coaft  of 
Terra  del  Fuego.     Z/^^  53. 10.  S. 

Appack,  or  Appagh,  a  town  of  Africa,  in 
the  country  of  Whidah,  on  the  Slave  Coaft. 
50  miles  ENE.  Grand  Popo. 

Appalachian  Mountains^  fee  Allegany 
M-'tintahis. 

Appatox,  a  river  of  Virginia,  in  North- 
America,  which  runs  into  James  river,  6 
jnilcs  NE.  Biandford. 

Appa?u)iv  Pollam,  a  town  of  Hindooftan, 
in  Barramaul.     9  miles  SSW.  Darempoury. 

Appar,  a  tovm  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Borneo.  Zo«^.  116.  30.  E.  Lat. 
3.  6.  S. 

Appel,  a  river  in  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Nahe,  near  Creutznach, 

Appeldoon,  a  town  in  Holland,  in  the 
tlcpartnicnt  of  Gueldres.  13  miles  NW. 
Ziitphcn. 

Appenzel,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  canton,  to  which  it  gives 
name.  40  miles  E.  Zurich.  Long,  <).  21- 
E.     Lat.  47.  17.  N. 

AppL'nrel,  one  of  the  cantons  of  SwiiTer- 
I;ind,  furrouoded  by  the  Rhinthal,  and  the 
lands  belonging  to  the  abby  of  St.  Gal;  about 
thiity  milts  in  length  from  eaft  to  weft,  and 
from  eighteen  to  twenty-one  in  breadth ;  the 
whole  countrv  is  a  mafs  of  hills  and  moan- 
tains.  It  is  divided  into  twelve  communi- 
ties, fix  of  which  are  Proteftant,  and  fix 
Roman  Catholic.  It  forms  the  thirteenth 
canton,  being  the  lift  in  the  union.  The 
climate  is  gcncraOv  cold,  and  fubjedt  to  fud- 
dcn  changes.  At  the  treaty  of  union  in  1597, 
they  reckoned  2781  men  able  to  bear  arms 
among  the  Catholics,  and  63  a  j  among  Uie 


A  P  P 

Proteftants ',  at  this  time,  they  eftimate  thtf 
population  to  be  13,000  fouls  of  the  former, 
and  38,oooofthe  latter,  5 1,000  in  the  whole; 
a  furpriling  number  for  a  country  of  no  more 
than  1 80  fquare  miles,  and  great  part  of  that 
compofed  of  glaciers,  inaccefiible  rocks,  and 
precipices. 

Apfiano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lario.  30  miles  NNW.  Milan. 
6  SW.  Como. 

Appida7?iifchkeny  a  town  of  PrufFia.  9  m. 
SE.  Gumbinnen. 

AppignanOf  a  tovv^n  in  the  marquifate  of 
Ancona.  18  miles  SSW.  Ancona.  Long» 
13.  24.  E.  Lat.  43.  24.  N. 

Appio,  a  mountain  of  Genoa,  at  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  Appennines. 

AppL'  //land,  a  fmall  uninhabited  ifland 
of  North-America,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 
Long.  (^cf.^.W,  Lat.  48.  10.  N. 

Appleby,  or  Apulhy,  a  tov/n  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Weftmoreland,  a  corpora- 
tion and  a  borough,  which  fends  two  mem- 
bers to  the  Britim  parliament;  fituated  near 
the  river  Eden.  It  has  a  free  grammar^' 
fchool,  endowed  with  a  falary  of  laol.  a 
year;  there  is  likewife  an  hofpital  for  thirteen 
widows.  Appleby  is  the  county  town,  and 
the  aflizes  are  held  there  every  year  in 
Auguft.  It  is  fuppofed  to  have  been  the  an- 
cient Aballaba.  In  1314,  it  was  deftroyed 
by  the  Scots.  The  number  of  inhabitants  in 
1801  was  711.  30  miles  S.  Carlifle,  and 
266^  N.  London, 

Applccrofs,  a  village  and  fca  port  of  Scot- 
land, fituated  on  a  bay  to  which  it  gives 
name,  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the  county  of 
Rofs.  5  a  miles  W.  Dingwall.  Long.  j. 
49.  W.  Lat.  57.  36.  N. 

Applcdofp,  a  fea-port  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Devon,  in  Barnftaple  bay, 
where  the  D;i.nes  landed  under  Hubba,  in 
the  time  of  Alfred.  It  contains  about  1800 
inhabitnnts.  10  miles  W.  Barnftaple,  and 
301  W.  London. 

Applcdore,  a  tov/n  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Kent,  on  the  river  Rother,  for*, 
mcrly  a  fea-port,  but  now  reduced  to  a  fmall 
place.  9  miles  W.  New  Romney,  and  54 
ESE.  London. 

Applejhai:',  u  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Hants,  celebrated  for  its  annual 
fheep  fair.     4  miles  from  And  over. 

Applctrcc  River,  a  river  of  South-Caroli- 
na, which  runs  into  theKeowe.  Long.  8a. 
38.  W.   Lat.  34.  II.  N. 

Applefon  IViJli,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
North  Riding  of  Yorkihire,  on  the  Willi. 
8  miles  N.  Northallerton. 

Appokt  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  province 
of  Dinagepour.'   38  miles  SSE.  Dinagepour. 

Appoo,  one  of  the  mouths  of  the  river 
Ava,  which  runs  into  the  Eaftcrn-Indian 
Sea.    Long.  97.  Er  Lat,  16.  40.  N. 


A  Q  U 

Approuak,  ox  Approuage^  a  river  of  South- 
America,  in  tlie  country  of"  Guiana,  which 
runs  into  the  fca,  Long.  52. 46.  W.  Lat. 
4.  30.  N. 

Approuak,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  C(^untry  of  Guiana,  (ituatcd  at  the  mouth 
of  a  nver  of  the  fame  name. 

Aprei'ioiit,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Vendee.'  iij  miles  N.  Sables 
(I'Olonne,  and  7  SE.  Challans. 

Aprcy,  a  town  or  France,  in  department 
of  the  Upper  Marne.     8  m.  SW.  Langres. 
Aprtgliair,,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Cala- 
bria Citra.     7  milts  SE.  Cofenza. 

Aprio,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Romania,  the  fee  of  a  Greek  archbilliop,  fi- 
tuated  on  the  Larifla.  10  miles  E.  Tra- 
janopolis. 

Apfa,  or  Hapfala,  a  town  of  European 
Tui  key,  in  Romania.  18  m.  SE.  Adrianople. 
Ap/hercn,  a  peninfula  of  Perfia,  in  the 
province  of  Schirvan,  which  projects  into  the 
Cafpian  Sea;  celebrated  for  its  naptha 
fprings;  a  Iktlc  to  the  NE.  of  Baku. 

Apt,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal  place 
of  a  diftritf  ,in  the  department  of  the  T-louths 
of  the  Rhone  ;  before  the  revolution,  the  fee 
of  a  bifiiop,  fultragran  of  Aix ;  the  cathedral 
is  faid  to  be  one  of  the  oldell  in  France,  and 
a  council  was  held  here  in  1365.  It  is  fi- 
tuatcd  on  the  river  Calavon.  27  miles  E. 
Avignon,  and  20  N.  Aix.  Long.  5.  28.  E. 
Lat.  43.  50.  N. 

Aptba,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Dowla- 
tabad.     ^8  milesWNW.  Poonah. 

Apuriniac,  a  river  of  Peru,  which  rifes 
from  a  lake  a  little  north  of  Arequipa,  and 
afterwards  joining  thcEnc,  with  feveral  other 
rivers  forms  the  Ucayale.  Lo7ig.  73.  40.  W. 
Lat.  10.  JO.  S. 

Apure,  a  river  of  South-America,  v/hich 
rifes  near  Pamplona  in  Nev/  Grenada,  and 
after  an  eaftcrly  courfe  of  about  350  miles, 
runs  into  the  Oroonoko,  Long.  65.39.W. 
Lat.  7.  to.  N. 

Aqtiafirte  Harbour,  a  port  on  the  eaft 
coaft  of  Newfoundland,  fouth  of  Ferriland 
Harbour. 

Aqua,  a  province  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Guinea,  on  the  Gold  Coaff,  bounded  on 
the  fouth  by  the  country  of  Fantin,  on  the 
norih-eaff  by  Dinkira,  and  on  the  well  by 
the  river  of  Ciiam.a,  or  St.  John. 
Aqua,  Iffc.  fee  Acqua,  <z^c. 
Aquajfo,  a  tov/n  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
Coalt,  where  there  is  a  Dave  market,  to  the 
weft  of  Cape  Coafl  Caflle. 

Aquadcckton,  a  river  which  runs  from 
lake  Winnipifiogee,  in  New  Hampfhire,  to 
the  Merrimack. 

Aqualla,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Soko,  on  the  Gold  Coafl. 

Aquail,  a  tovvn  of  the  kingdom  of  Meek- 
ley,  58  miles  \\  .  Muanypour, 
Vol.  I.  1 


A  Q  U         ,     .. 

Aquakirnwk,  a  town  of  New  Jeriey>  On 
the  Pafaic.     10  miles  NNW.  New- York. 

Aquamboe,  a  country  of  Africa,  on  the 
eafl  fide  of  the  Volta,  in  tlie  part  called  the 
Gold  Coaft,  of  which  it  occupies  about  20 
miles,  and  ten  times  tiiat  length  into  the 
inland  parts.    It  is  one  of  the  greateft  mo- 
narchies on  the  coail  of  Guinea.     Bofman 
f-iys,  that  the  coafl  is  divided  into  a  number 
of  petty  royalties,  but  all  of  them  fubjcift  to 
the  king  of  Aquamboe,  who  indifcriminately 
exerciies  an  unlimited  authority  over  them 
and    his   meaneft   fubjefts.     Mis    defpotic 
power  gave  rife  to  a  proverbial  laying,  that 
there  are  only  two  ranks  of  men  at  Aquam- 
boe, the  royal  family  and  the  Haves.     The 
natives  of  this  country  are  haughty,   turbu-^ 
lent,  and  warlike;  and  their  power  is  for- 
midable to  the  neighbouring  kingdoms.  Ail 
the  tributary  nations  are  miferably  infefted 
bv   the    incurfions    of    the    Aquamboans. 
Whole  armies  enter  tlie  adjacent  territories, 
take  whatever  they  like,  and  meet  with  no 
oppoGtion  from   the  inhabitants;  who  are 
fenfible  from    experience,    that    the   king 
would  not  fail  to  puniih  any  refiltance  of- 
fered to  his  troops,  efleeming  that  an  indig- 
nity offered   to  his  crown.     In  Bofman's 
days,  the  fupreme  power  was  divided  be- 
tween the  father  and  the  fon,  the  former 
retaining  the  greater  fhare  of  authority.  The 
Englifli,    Dutch,  and  Danes  have  each  of 
them  forts  at  Acra,  which  may  be  looked 
upon  as  the  bell  on  the  whole  coafl.     It 
would  be  no  unreafonable  conjefcure,  thdt 
the  companies  trading  hither  might  be  fa- 
tal, by  their  contrary  interefts  and  rivalfhip; 
to  the  general  commerce,  but  experience 
proves  it  otherwife.      The   abundance  of 
gold  and   flaves  is   indeed  fo   great,  that 
neither  is  in  danger  of  wanting  a  fufficient 
proportion,  and  each  is  flocked  with  com- 
modities which  the  other  has  not,  a  circum- 
flance  which  often  tends  to  promote  trade. 
At  Acra  alone  more  gold  is  frequently  re- 
ceived than   on  the  whole   coafl   befides ; 
and  its  extenfive  commerce,  would  be  ftill 
greatly  enlarged,  but  for  the  pcrpetual.quar- 
rels  between  the  natives  of  Aquamboe  and 
Akem  ;  the  latter  pretending  to  a  feudal  fo- 
vereignty  over  the  former,  in   confequence 
of  which  they  demand  an  annual  tribute,- 
v/hich  the  former  refufe  paying.    The  chief 
bufinels  ot  the  people  is  trade,  agriculture, 
and  war;  employments  almofl  incompati- 
ble in  other  countries,  but  here  perfectly 
confiftent,  v.here  war   promotes  trade  by 
increaiing  the  number  of  flaves  and  prif^n- 
ers,    who  are   obliged   to    labour  for  the 
Aquamboans,  while  they  are  maintained  by 
them.     This  people  are,  therefore,  by  in- 
terefl   and    inclination,  much   addicted  to 
arms.    Though  the  foil  is  fertile,  yet  pro- 
vilions  generally  fall  fjort  towards  the  end 


A  Q  U 

of  the  year,  and  they  are  forced  to  fupply 
themfelves  from  other  countries.  The 
number  of  flaves  fold  here  is  at  Icaft  equal 
to  what  are  difpofed  of  on  tlie  whole  coall 
belides,  not  excepting  Ananiboa.  When 
the  Aquamboans  are  at  war  with  a  neigh- 
bouring nation,  every  man  fit  to  bear  arms 
enters  the  field,  till  the  feafon  requires  they 
fhould  return  to  their  civil  employments; 
then  a  certain  number  are  detached  to  cul- 
tivate the  ground,  and  fell  their  prifoners, 
while  the  reft  are  employed  in  oppofing 
the  enemy.  Thofe  who  are  of  a  more  tur- 
bulent warlike  difpofiiion,  enter  into  the 
lervice  of  neighbouring  nations,  who  are  at 
•war  with  others,  if  their  own  country  fhould 
happen  to  be  at  peace,  which  feldom  is  the 
cafe.  Among  the  fijhermen  on  the  coaft 
there  are  few  warriors. 

Aqiiataccioi  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs 
into  the  Tiber  about  a  mile  from  Rome. 
/Iquatuko,  fee  Agiiatulco. 
Aqudaont  one  of  the  moft  eafterly  of  the 
Laccadive  iflands,  in  the  Eaft-Indian  Sea. 
Long.  73.  a6.  E.  Lat.  10.  44.  N. 

Aqulf  or  Aquita,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the 
fouth  part  of  the  ifland  of  Niphon. 
Aq'.d-,  fee  Acqui. 

Aqulgniy  or  Acquigni,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Eure.  3  miles 
from  Louviers. 

Aquiavilcoy  a  river   which  runs  into  the 
gulf  of  Mexico.    Long.  96.  30.  W.  Lat. 
.  18.  30.  N. 

Aqul/a,  a  city  of  Naples,  in  the  Abruzzo 
Ultra,  fituated  on  a  mountain,  near  the  river 
Pefcara;  the  fee  of  a  biihop,  fuffragan  of 
the  archbifliop  of  Chieti,  but  fubjed  only  to 
the  Pope.  In  the  year  1703,  gre't  damage 
was  done  by  an  earthquake,  2400  perfons 
perifhed,  ana  1500  were dangeroufly wound- 
ed ;  Soo  were  fwallowcd  up,  together  with 
t!ie  church,  in  which  they  had  taken  refuge  ; 
the  greatell  part  of  the  houfes  were  thrown 
dcnvn,  and  the  walls  of  the  town  much  da- 
maged. In  1744,  Aqaila  was  taken  by  the 
Aultrians;  and  in  1797,  it  furrendered  to  the 
'.  French.  50  miles  N£.  Rome,  and  93  N. 
Naples.  Long.x^.  25.  E.  Lat.  s,%.  19.  N. 
Aqiuleia.,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  country 
,  of  Friuli,  formerly  very  rich  and  Hourifliing, 
the  fee  of  a  patriarch,  bat  now  in  a  ftate  of 
decay.  It  was  taken  and  lacked  by  Attila 
in  452.  It  was  again  taken  by  the  Duke  of 
Bavaria,  in  946.  18  miles  SSW.  Goritz,  and 
20  S.  Friuli.  Long.\:^.22.V..  Lat.  45.51.N. 
ylquhi,  a  town  on  the  Ibiith  coaft  of  the 
iflar.d  of  St.  DomingtV.  40  ni.  vV.  Jaquemel. 
Aq-unali,  a  river  of  the  Further  Calabria, 
which  runs  into  the  fea  near  Cro'ona. 

Aquifip,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  country 
of  Lavora,  once  the  fee  o'f  a  bKhip,  hut  now 
reduced  toafuiall  place,  an  i  its  fee  united  to 
Par.curvo.  ijmSSE.iiora,  48  N.  Naples. 


ARA 

■    Aquttaine,  fee  Guietine. 

Aquizeha,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs 
into  the  Orio,  a  little  below  Tolofo,  in  the 
country  of  Guipufcoa. 

Ara,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  joins  the 
Cinca  at  Ainfa. 

Araba,  a  river  of  Perfia,  which  runs  into 
the  Arabian  Sea,  Long.  65.  40.  E.  Lat. 
25.  30.  N. 

Araban,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Urfa,  on  the  Khabur.  76 
miles  SE.  Urfa.  Long.  40.  E.  Lat.  36. 
20.  N. 

Arohety  or  Orohet,  a  fea  port  town  of  Ruf^ 
fia,  in  the  province  of  Tauris,  on  the  bor- 
ders of  the  Sea  of  Azoph.  In  177 1,  it  was 
taken  from  the  Turks  by  the  Ruffians,  and 
moft  of  the  garrifon  put  to  the  fword.  60 
miles  SE.  Perekop,  Long.  25'  14-  E«  Lat. 
45.24.  N. 

Arabia,  one  of  the  moft  confiderable 
countries  of  Alia,  is  bounded  on  the  weft  by 
the  Red  Sea,  the  Ifthmus  of  Suez,  Paleftine, 
and  Syria ;  on  the  north  by  the  Euphrates, 
on  the  eaft  by  the  gulf  of  Perfia  and  the  fea, 
and  on  the  fouth  by  the  Straits  of  Babelman- 
deb  and  the  fea.  Europeans  have  divided  it 
into  three  parts,  named  from  their  fuppofed 
qualities,  Arabia  Deferta,  Arabia  Petraca, 
and  Arabia  Felix.  Among  the  Arabians, 
thefe  names  are  not  known :  that  which  we 
call  Arabia  Deferta,  they  term  Nedsjed; 
Arabia  Petrjea,  is  denominated  Hedjas;  and 
in  Arabia  Felix,  we  find  the  kingdoms  of 
Yemen,  Hadramaut,  Oman,  and  Lachfa, 
Arabia  extends  from  Lat.  12.  30.  to 
31.30.  N.  and  from  Long.  34.  to  50  E. 
about  1350  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  120 
from  E.  to  W.  All  thofe  people  who  mna- 
bit  the  three  Arabias,  are  diftinguifticd  by 
the  appellation  of  Arabs;  they  are  known 
alfo  by  other  particular  names,  fuch  as  thofe 
of  the  Iflimaelites,  the  Hagarenians,  the 
Scenites,  the  Saracens,  and  the  Bedouins 
The  Arabs  boaft  of  being  defcended  from 
Ifhmael,  the  fon  of  Abraham  and  H:igar; 
and  on  this  account  they  have  acquired  the 
demomination  of  Ifiimaelites  and  Hagare- 
nians.  Scenites  fignily  people  who  live 
under  tents;  and  by  Saracens  and  Bedouins, 
are  underftood  robbers  and  wanderers.  At 
prefent,  however,  all  thefe  names  are  con- 
founded under  that  ot  Bedouin  Arabs.  Thefe 
people  derive  all  their  fubfiftence  trom  their 
flocks,  from  hunting,  and  from  what  they 
acquire  by  plunder.  They  acknowledge 
no  fjvereign  but  the  emirs  of  their  tribes, 
who  are  tiieir  natural  princes,  and  lo  wIkmti 
they  pay  ob.dience.  They  have  alfo  fchieks 
or  chiefs,  who  are  perluns  of  an  advanc  d 
age,  wb.omthey  often  confult,  and  v.hole 
advice  they  follow.  As  there  are  no  fixed 
judges  air.ong  the  Arabs,  thefe  fclncks  fup- 
ply their  pLice,  and  from  their  dctermina-  j 


i 


AHA 

t\on  there  is  no  appeal.  Thefe  Arabs  follow 
the  religion  of  the  Mahometans,  and  after 
their  example, obfervecircumcifion,  ablution, 
the  faft  of  the  Raman'an,  and  prayer.  They 
however,  very  feldom  agree  with  the  Turks ; 
which  fully  proves,  that  to  be  of  the  fame 
relif^ion  is  not  a  futHcient  bond  to  bind  men 
togtther.  Too  proud  of  the  high  nobility 
which  they  afcribe  to  thcmfelves,  they  con- 
fider  the  Turks  as  baftards,  and  as  the  ufurp- 
ers  of  their  natural  heritage.  The  Arabs  are 
of  a  middle  ftature  ;  their  complexions  are 
brown,  ov/ing  to  the  climate;  and  they  have 
always  a  grave  and  melancholy  air.  By  being 
accuftomed  to  every  kind  of  fetigue  at  an 
early  period  of  life,  they  acquire  a  remark- 
able fhare  of  refolution  ;  and  on  this  account 
have  a  ferocious  afpeft.  Misfortunes  give 
them  no  pain ;  and  they  derive  no  pleafure 
from  proiperity,  becauie  they  receive  with 
refignation  from  the  hand  of  God  both  good 
and  evil.  Equally  infenlible  to  the  cries  of 
their  children,  and  to  the  tears  of  their 
wives,  their  vifages  exhibit  no  kind  of  alter- 
ation whatever.  They  feldom  laugh,  and 
never  weep:  to  do  either  in  their  opinion 
fhews  great  weaknefs  ;  and  on  this  account 
'  they  have  very  little  efteera  for  a  man  who 
weeps  or  laughs  too  much.  It  is  neceflary, 
therefore,  for  the  Europeans  to  affeft  great 
indifference  when  amongft  them,  and  to 
imitate  their  ferious  and  melancholy  be- 
haviour :  with  a  little  attention  in  this  re- 
fped,  one  may  eafily  gain  their  friendlhip 
and  efteem.  The  Arabs  who  live  in  the 
deferts  are  entirely  ignorant  of  the  arts. 
There  are  fcarcely  any  of  them  who  can 
read  or  v/rite,  ana  few  even  who  cultivate 
the  earth.  They  employ  themfelves  rather 
in  conducting  their  flocks  to  pafture,  or  in 
riding  on  horfeback.  Though  polygamy 
is  permitted  to  the  Arabs  by  the  law  of  Ma- 
homet, which  they  follow,  it  is  rare  to  iee 
them  have  more  wives  than  one  at  the  fame 
time:  they  however  do  not  efteem  them 
fo  much  as  the  reft  of  the  Mahometans. 
One  of  the  principal  diverfions  of  thefe  peo- 
ple is  the  meidan,  which  takes  its  name  from 
the  fpot  where  they  generally  enjoy  it;  for 
meidan  is  a  Perfian  word  that  iigniiies  a 
plain.  This  diverfion  conlifls  in  different 
agreeable  evolutions  and  manoeuvres,  per- 
formed on  horfeback;  and  generally  takes 
place  atEafter,  or  when  they  celebrate  their 
marriage,  and  the  birth  and  circumcifion  of 
their  children.  They  often  amufe  them- 
felves in  playing  chefs;  but  they  do  this 
only  at  their  hours  of  relaxation.  They 
are  fo  far  from  ufing  cards,  that  they  are 
not  even  acquainted  with  them.  They  arc 
much  diveited  with  the  found  of  mufical 
inftnaments,  arnl  particularly  with  that  of 
Certain  flutes  made  of  reeds,  which  they  ac- 
company with  the  noife  of  fome  drums. 

I 


A  k  A 

They  have  profcfTed  dancers,  both  men  and 
women,  whofe  geftures  are  immodef!  and 
lafcivious ;  to  fee  them,  one  would  be  in- 
duced to  believe  that  on  fiich  occaHons  only 
they  are  permitted  to  laugh.  The  plea- 
fure of  fmoaking,  fo  common  even  among 
the  women,  is  alfo  one  of  the  amufemen^s 
of  the  Arabs,  who  may  be  feen  fitting  from 
morning  to  night  with  their  pipes  in  their 
mouths.  The  drefs  of  the  Arabs  confifls 
only  of  a  white  robe  bound  round  with  a 
broad  leathern  girdle,  which  may  be  llrait- 
encd  or  flackened  at  pleafure,  bv  means  of 
a  ffrong  buckle,  or  a  large  claip,  with  a 
few  Imaller  ones.  Winter  and  fummer  they 
wear  a  large  cloak,  lli-ipcd  black  and  white, 
and  made  of  the  hair  of  goats  or  of  fome 
other  anim;J.  In  winter  they  ufe  it  to  fe- 
cure  themfelves  from  the  cold  and  rain,  and. 
in  fummer  to  fcreen  them  from  the  heat  of 
the  fun.  They  wear  nothing  on  their  heads 
but  a  kind  of  red  cap,  furrounded  with  a 
piece  of  cloth  of  the  fame  colour,  or  inter- 
mixed fometimes  with  white,  which  forms 
all  its  ornament.  Their  emirs  or  princes 
drefs  in  the  fame  manner,  except  that  their 
cloaks  are  for  the  moft  part  all  black.  They 
wear  flippers,  after  the  manner  of  theTurksj 
but  they  are  generally  in  half  boots,  in  or- 
der that  they  may  be  ready  at  all  times  to 
mount  on  horfeback.  Some  Arabs  who  are 
employed  in  agriculture,  inftead  of  flippers 
wear  only  two  foles  of  leather  fail:ened  under 
the  foot  at  the  toe  and  the  heel,  and  forming 
a  kind  offandal.  Their  drau'ers  are  made 
of  linen,  and  defcend  to  the  lower  part  of 
the  leg.  Thefe  Arabs  have  no  habitations 
but  tents,  which,  with  their  flocks,  they 
tranfport  from  one  country  to  anotlier,  and 
ereff  in  thofe  places  where  they  find  the 
greatefl  abundance  of  paflurage  and  water. 
They  generally  flop  in  rallies,  taking  al- 
ways the  precaution  to  place  fome  of  their 
tents  on  the  funimit  of  a  neighbouring  hWly 
to  prevent  their  being  furprifed  by  different 
tribes,  who  ate  their  enemies.  Belldcs  this# 
being  on  the  Avatch,  they  are  enabled  to  fall 
unexpeftedly  on  travellers,  whom  they 
are  contented  to  rob,  without  offering  them 
any  perfonal  infult.  Thofe  who  are  attacked 
by  them  muft  not  make  any  obllinate  refift' 
ance;  for  if  they  do,  they  will  be  in  great 
danger  of  lofing  their  lives.  The  riches  of 
the  Arabs  conflft  in  cattle,  which  fjpply 
them  with  fiefh,  milk,  butter,  and  wool,  the 
principal  articles  that  they  have  occafion 
for,  as  they  defpife  luxury  of  every  kind* 
What  they  value  moft  is  their  fine  horles, 
and  efpecially  thofe  which  are  fwift  in  run- 
ning. The  features  of  the  Arab  women 
are  remarkably  beautiful  when  they  are 
young  ;  but  they  foon  become  disng'ired  by 
certain  black  fpots  Hke  patches,  which  they 
make  in  their  fages  wiih  a  fharp  pointed 


A  R  A 

iron.  They  mark  uith  the  fame  colour 
their  lips  and  eye-l:i(he?,  by  mixing  with 
the  paint  employed  for  that  puvpofe  a  cer- 
tain fubftimce  which  they  call  coliaftiri. 
According  to  the  general  cuftom  of  the 
Levant,  they  die  their  nails  and  the  palms 
oftheii-  hands  yellow.  Young  girls  make 
an  opening  near  one  of  the  noftrils,  into 
which  they  put  a  clove ;  this  appears  to 
them  to  be  a  peculiar  beauty.  The  Arab 
women  wear  only  a  plain  robe  after  the 
Turkiili  manner,  and  fcarcely  ever  cover 
their  heads.  Their  cloaks  refemble  thofe 
of  the  men:  but  there  are  only  a  few  of 
them  who  ufe  drawers,  according  to  the 
cuftom  of  poliflied  people  in  the  Eaft.  They 
ornament  their  hair  with  ftrings  of  fmall 
glafs  beads  of  different  colours ;  on  their 
legs  and  arms  they  wear  bracelets  of  the 
fame,  and  have  rings  made  of  metal  on  their 
fingers.  The  principal  occupation  of  the 
Arab  women  is,  to  take  care  of  the  tents 
in  which  they  lodge,  to  provide  water,  to 
prepare  food,  to  milk  their  flocks,  and  to 
make  butter  and  cheefe.  They  likewife 
manufaflure  the  cloth  neceffary  for  cover- 
ing their  tents.  As  there  are  no  longer 
any  phvficians  among  the  Arabs,  the  care 
of  the  fick  is  committed  entirely  to  the 
hands  of  the  women.  The  Arabs  make 
very  little  ufe  of  bread.  Their  ufual  food 
is  roots,  honey,  milk,  butter,  mutton,  and 
the  flefh  of  their  camels,  and  birds  which 
they  may  catch  alive;  becaufe  it  is  an  ar- 
ticle of  the  Mahometan  law  to  kill  thofc 
.animals  which  they  eat,  and  to  extrad  their 
blood.  They  confume  a  great  deal  of  rice-, 
pardcularly  in  a  ragout  called  pilau,  which 
ferves  them  for  a  repaft  in  the  evening  and 
morning.  The  Arabs  have  another  kind  of 
food,  which  appears  to  us  iHll  more  fingu- 
Jar  :  this  food  is  the  flefli  of  loculfs,  which 
thev  coliecft  in  the  feafon  when  they  pals 
thro'theircountry;  andhaving  taken  off  their 
heads,  put  them  into  leathern  bags,  with  a 
certain  quantity  of  fait:  when  they  eat 
them,  they  cut  them  into  flices.  Amongil 
the  various  beverages  of  the  Arabs,  water 
holds  the  firfl:  rank;  becaufe,  by  the  law 
of  Mahomet,  they  are  forbidden  to  drink 
wine.  They  make  fuch  a  condnual  ufe  of 
coffee,  that  thofe  who  can,  drink  it  almofl: 
fitevery  hour  of  theday,  but  in  finall  (|uan- 
tities  and  without  fugar.  I'hcy  compofe 
another  kind  of  drink  with  roots  and  the 
juK  (.;  of  th'-  fligar-cane,  and  ofgrapcs  mixed 
with  water.  They  have  alio  a  third,  made 
wiih  an  inhiflon  of  barley,  which  has  a  great 
refcmblance  to  our  beer.  Hofpitalit"v  is 
fi- niuch  honoured  among  tlic  Arabs,  that, 
without  regard  to  religion  or  country, 
fhey  receive  in  their  tents  every  traveller 
who  applies  to  them,  and  take  the  fime 
care  of   his  llrvaJU  and  his   Jiorie\     The 


A  R  A 

Arabs  pafTed  from  the  deferts  of  Arabia  to 
Syria  and  Paleftine  in  the  fixth  century;  and 
iince  that  period  they  have  flill  more  or  lefs 
prcferved  their  footing  in  thefe  countries. 
All  the  inhabitants  of  the  coafts,  or  of  the 
interior  parts,  who  fpeak  the  Arabic 
language  only,  are  comprehended  under 
their  name.  They  are,  however,  not  all 
defcendants  of  thefirfl:  migration;  properly 
fpeaking,  they  are  a  mixture  of  all  nations 
and  of  all  religions.  Some  of  thofe  who 
inhabit  the  cities  of  Paleftine,  though  ori- 
ginally from  Arabia,  are  neverthelefs  more 
polifhed  than  the  reft  of  their  countrymen. 
The  greater  part  of  thofe  real  Arabs  who 
are  fixed  in  cities,  do  notfuffer  their  beards 
to  grow  till  they  are  advanced  in  years:  but 
the  other  inhabita"nts  of  the  deferts  never 
cut  theirs  at  all.  They  carry  their  rcfpedt 
for  the  beard  i'o  far,  that,  to  touch  it  when 
they  fwear,  is  as  iblemn  an  oath  as  that  of 
the  ancient  gods  when  they  fwore  by  the 
river  Styx.  They  take  great  care  to  keep 
it  clean;  and  it  maybe  eaiily  gueffed  that 
they  confider  it  as  agreat  affront  .when  any 
one  pulls  them  by  this  venerable  ornament. 
A  refped:  for  the  beard  is  equally  prevalent 
amongft  the  Turks  and  all  the  Chriffians  of 
the  eaft.  In  fome  provinces  of  Arabia,  the 
heat  is  exceffive;  but  in  this  country,  as  in 
nioft  others,  the  varying  degrees  of  eleva- 
tion, the  relative  fituations  of  places,  and 
the  nature  of  the  foil,  occafion  conliderable 
varieties  of  temperature.  In  the  deferts, 
diverfiiied  here  and  there  only  by  bare  rocks, 
and  in  thefe  flat  plains,  there  is  nothing  to 
foften  the  fun's  rays,  but  all  vegetables  are 
burnt  up,  and  the  foil  is  every  where  redu- 
ced to  fand.  In  the  interior  country,  the 
teniperature  of  the  atmofphere  is  very  dif- 
ferent. The  great  ranges  of  lofty  moun- 
tains attract  vapours,  and  thefe  falling  down 
in  plenteous  rains,  cool  the  air  and  quicken 
vegetation.  The  cold  occafioned  by  the 
height  of  the  country,  produces  fldls  of 
fnow,  but  this  never  lies  long  upon  the 
ground.  The  rainy  feafbns,  which  are 
regular  in  the  countries  between  the  tropics, 
are  diverfiiied  here.  Weftward,  in  Yemen, 
the  rainy  feafon  comes  on  in  the  month  of 
June,  and  terminates  in  the  middle  of  Sep- 
tember. In  the  eaftern  part  of  thefe  moun- 
tains, thofe  rains  fall  betv/een  the  middle  of 
the  month  of  November,  and  the  middle  of 
February.  In  Hadramaut  and  Oman,  to 
the  fouth,  the  rainy  feafon  Lifts  from  the 
middle  of  February  to  the  middle  of  April. 
Thefe  regular  rains  render  the  vallies  lying 
among  the  mountains  fertile  and  delightful. 
Arabia  enjoys  the  profpcft  of  conll:ant  ver- 
dure, not  but  that  moft  of  the  trees  (hcd 
their  leaves,  and  the  annual  plants  widier, 
and  are  reproduced;  but  the  interval  be- 
tween the  fall  of  the  leiif  in  one  year,  and 


A  R  A 

the  reproduiftion  of  new  leaves  for  the  next, 
is  fo  fhort,  that  the  change  is  hardly  ob- 
fervable.  Continual  verdure  is  peculiar  to 
thofe  countries  in  which  there  are  no  froits, 
but  a  rainv  fealbn  inftead  of  our  winter. 
From  the  lingular  local  fituaiion  of  ArabiLi, 
the  inequalities  in  the  nature  of  its  lands 
may  without  farther  information  be  infer- 
red. Thefe  inequalities  are  indeed  very 
remarkable;  on  one  fide  are  frightful  de- 
ferts,  and  on  the  other  fertile  and  delightfnl 
vales.  The  fandy  belt  which  encircles  this 
peninfula,  is  almoif  entirely  barren,  and  pre- 
fents  one  unvaried  pi6ture  of  defolation. 
This  belt,  denominated  Tehama,  begnis  at 
Suez,  and  extends  round  the  whole  penin- 
fula to  the  mouth  of  the  Euphrates.  It 
bears  every  mark  of  having  been  anciently  a 
part  of  the  bed  of  the  fea.  It  contains  large 
llrata  of  filt,  which  in  fome  places  even  rife 
up  into  hills.  The  produfts  of  Arabia  are 
coitce,  manna,  aloes,  caffia,  fpikenard,  fran- 
kincenfe,  myrrh,  and  other  valuable  gums  ; 
cinnamon,  pepper,  cardamom,  oranges,  le- 
mons, dates,  pomegranates,  figs,  and  other 
fruits  ;  honey  and  wax  in  plenty  ;  and  in 
their  feas,  thev  have  great  quantities  of  the 
beft  coral  and  pearls.  In  Arabia  are  abund- 
ance of  all  the  domeftic  animals  common  in 
hot  countries.  The  Arabians  breed  horfes, 
mules,  affes,  camels,  dromedaries,  cows, 
buffaloes,  flieep,  and  goats.  In  the  fertile 
provinces,  wild  fowls  are  fb  plentiful,  that 
they  are  fold  at  a  trifling  price.  Of  all 
their  domeflic  animals,  it  is  well  known 
that  the  Arabians  put  the  greatelf  value  on 
their  horfes.  Of  thefe  they  have  two  great 
branches,  the  Kadifchi  whole  defcent  is  un- 
known, and  the  Kochlani,  of  v/hom  a  writ- 
ten genealogy  has  been  kept  for  two  thou- 
fand  years.  The  Kadifchi  are  in  no  better 
eliimation  than  our  European  horfes,  and 
are  ufually  employed  in  bearing  burthens, 
and  in  ordinary  labour.  The  Kochlani  are 
referved  for  riding  folely.  They  are  highly 
eileemed,  and  confequently  very  dear.  I'hey 
are  laid  to  have  derived  their  origin  from 
king  Solomon's  ftuds:  however  this  may 
be,  they  are  lit  to  bear  the  greateft  fatigue, 
and  can  pafs  whole  days  without  food. 
They  are  alio  faid  to  fliew  uncommon  cou- 
rage againft  an  enemy:  it  is  even  aiferted, 
th-it  when  a  horfe  of  this  race  finds  himfelf 
wounded,  and  unable  to  bear  his  rider  much 
longer,  he  retires  from  the  fray,  and  con- 
veys him  to  a  place  of  fecurity  If  the  rider 
fall  upon  the  ground,  his  horfe  remains  be- 
(ide  him,  and  neighs  till  afliltance  is  brought. 
Among  the  wild  animals,  are  rock  goats,  ga- 
zelles or  antelopes,  jerboas,  monkeys  with- 
out tails,  leopards,  ounces,  wild  boars, 
wolves,  and  foxes;  tame  fowls  are  very 
plentiful,  and  all  forts  of  poultry  in  great 
abundance :    eagles,  f^Ucons,  and  vultures, 


A-R  A 

are  met  with  in  Arabia  ;  there  are  Jeverd 
forts  of  ferpents,  Ionic  noxious  and  fome 
innocent,  but  the  moft  formidable  is  that 
called  bxtan,  a  fmalHlender  creature,  whofe 
bite  is  inftant  death.  Among  the  infex'ls 
may  be  reckoned  locuffs,  which  are  (bnie- 
times  brought  from  the  deferts  of  Lvbia  in 
fucli  multitudes,  as  to  darken  the  air,  and 
appear  at  a  diftance  like  clouds  of  fmoke. 
The  noife  they  make  in  flying  is  frightful 
and  ftunning,  like  that  of  a  water-fall 
When  fuch  a  fwarm  falls  upon  a  field,  it  is 
wafl:ed  and  deipoiled  of  its  verdure.  The 
pulfe  and  date  trees  fufi'cr  greatly  from  the 
locufts  ;  but  the  corn,  cither  ripe  or  nearly 
fo,  is  too  hard  for  their  ofe,  and  they  are 
obliged  to  i'purc  it.  A  fmall  infefl,  named 
Arda,  of  the  bulk  of  a  grain  of  barley,  is 
another  fcourge  of  Arabia,  and  of  hot  coun- 
tries in  general.  On  account  of  fome  gene- 
ral refemblance,  many  travellers  reprcfent 
this  infect  as  an  ant,  and  fpeak  of  it  under 
this  name.  Its  inftin(5t  difpofes  it  to  travel 
only  by  night,  through  a  fort  of  galleries, 
which  it  forms  as  it  proceeds,  of  fat  earth  ; 
after  reaching  the  end  of  its  journey,  it 
corrodes  and  dcftroys  every  thing,  victuals, 
clothes,  and  furniture.  They  live  and  work 
together  like  ants. 

ylrah-hifar,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  jn 
the  province  of  Natolia ;  near  it  are  the  rains 
of  fome  ancient  city,  fuppofed  tobeAlinda, 
the  rclidenceof  Ada  queen  ofCaria.  38  m. 
NW.  Mogla. 

Arahazar'i,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Caramania.   16  miles  NE.  Alameh. 

Arabia  Dcferta^  or  Nedsjed^  alio  called 
Berii  ArbiJJan  or  Bcriara,  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  Syria,  on  the  north-eaft  by  Syria 
and  the  Arabian  Iiac,  on  the  eafb  by  the  Per- 
fian Gulf, on  thcfouth-eail: and ibuth  bv  Ara- 
bia Felix,  and  on  the  weif  by  Arabia  Petrcea 
and  Syria.  This  country  is  for  the  moll 
part  defert,  being  interfered  almofi  every 
where  by  high  barren  mountains,  and  many 
of  its  plains  nothing  but  great  lands  and 
heaths,  through  fome  of  vv'hich  neither  men, 
bealf  s,  birds,  trees,  grafs,  or  piilbare  are  to 
be  feen  ;  the  lands,  however,  that  lie  to  the 
eaft  along  the  river  Euphrates,  afford  both 
plants  and  food  for  the  inhabitants  of  fome 
cities  and  tov/ns  feated  on  tliat  p;vrt ;  and 
there  are  fome  plains  and  vailics  that  feed 
great  numbers  of  iheep,  gaus,  and  other 
fmall  cattle,  which  love  to  browse  xipon 
luch  dry  lands  ;  but  larger  cattle,  except 
camels,  can  find  here  no  lliWiftence.  The 
method  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  defert  is 
to  leek  after  freih  pallures  near  rivers,  m:c5, 
orotlier  places,  where  tiiey  can  find  water  tor 
themlelves  and  cattle  ;  and  when  they  have 
cleared  the  ground,  to  loo'k  out  fur  another. 
They  acknowledge  no  otlier  guvernmevit 
than  that  of  their  own  enurs  or  prLfices; 


A  R  A 

and  feldom,  if  ever,  have  any  comnieice, 
much  Icfs  alliance,  with  the  Turks  and 
Moors,  whom  they  look  upon  as  bollards, 
and  the  uiurpers  of  their  inheritance.  Their 
emirs  have  each  of  them  a  certain  number  of 
Sjheiks  under  them,  according  to  the  ex- 
tent of  their  dominions.  Some  of  thel'e 
Arab?,  by  the  name  of  Bcdoui,  have  fpread 
themielves  as  far  as  Egypt,  roving  from  place 
to  place  with  their  wives,  children,  and  cat- 
tle. The  children  go  quite  naked,  the  wo- 
men v/ear  a  kind  or  long  blue  fhift,  and  the 
men  a  coarfe  Imen  jacket,  reaching  down  to 
their  knees.  They  all  profefs  the  Maho- 
metan religion,  but  give  themfelves  little 
trouble  about  the  difputed  meanings  of  the 
Alcoran.  They  have  neither  lavv's,  lawyers, 
nor  judges,  amongft  them.  The  Scheiks 
reconcile  all  their  differences,  and  the  emir 
is  the  only  perfonto  whom  they  appeal  from 
their  fentence.     Ana  is  the  capital. 

Arabia.  Pdtr^a,  or  iheStom,  called  by  the 
Arabs  Heujas,  is  bounded  on  die  N.  by 
•Syria,  on  the  E.  by  Arabia  Deferta,  on  the 
S.  by  Arabia  Felix,  on  the  W.  by  the  Red 
Sea,  and  on  the  NW.  by  Egypt ;  its  exfent 
from  north  to  fouth  is  computed  to  be  i8o 
miles,  and  from  ealt  to  well  150.  It  was 
called  Petrxa,  or  Stony,  from  its  rocks, 
though  fonie  rather  derive  it  from  Petra,  its 
ancient  capital,  now  commonly  fuppoled  to 
be  Harach  or  Horac,  lying  on  the  iil:hmus, 
near  the  frontiers  of  Egypt.  Though,  in 
moll  refpecfts,  it  much  refembles  Arabia  De- 
ferta, for  its  ftony,  Tandy,  and  barren 
ground  ;  yet  it  yields,  in  fome  parts,  fuffi- 
cient  nourilhment  for  cattle,  whole  milk, 
and  camel's  flelh,  is  the  chief  food  of  its  in- 
habitants. There  are  fome  other  parts 
which  are  ouite  uninhabited  and  impaflable. 

Arabia  Felix,  by  far  the  moll  conlidera- 
b!c  of  the  three,  was  called  Felix,  or  Happy, 
according  to  A.mmianus  Marcellinus,  be- 
caufe  it  abounded  in  corn,  cattle,  vines,  and 
odoriferous  fplces  of  all  kinds.  It  was  alfo 
called  Sacred,  on  account  of  the  fine  gums 
and  aromatic  woods  employed  in  facrifices, 
which  It  produced.  I'Jiis  part  of  Arabia 
contains  the  kingdoms  of  Yemen,  Jladra- 
mant,  Oman,  and  Lafcha,  with  other  fmaller 
Itatcs. 

Arabian  Ijlands,  two  fmall  iflands  in  the 
Mediterranean,  near  the  coafl  of  Egypt.  7 
miles  S\V.  Alexandria,  i.owy-.  10.6.E.  Lat. 
Ji.  7.N. 

Arabkir,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
govern ment  of  Sivas,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Euphiates.  It  is  well  built,  populous,  and 
the  chief  pi  ice  of  a,  c'illrii^t.  100  miles  E. 
Sivas,  and  80  SW.  Erzerum.  Lonv.  •jq.  10. 
W.  y.«/..,.,.  15.N.  ^      ■ 

Arabi,  Gulf  of,  a  large  bay  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, OK  the  coait  of  Egypt,  well  of 
Akxand'  ia.  Long.  20.30.  E.  Lat.2,0.  jo.  N. 


A  R  A 

Aracacari,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coaft  of  Brazil.     Lat.  26.  20.  S. 

Aracagi,  a  town  of  Brafil,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Para,  on  the  Ifle  of  Maranon.  10 
miles  St.  Luis. 

Aracati,  or  Arrakan,  or  Recaar,  a  coun» 
try  of  Alia,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Mecki 
ley,  on  the  eaft  by  Birmahj  on  the  fouth  by 
Pegu,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  Bay  of  Bengal ; 
about  510  miles  long,  and  from  20  to  200 
broad.  The  air  is  good,  the  country 
abounds  with  meadows  and  pafture  lands, 
well  v.'atered  x/iih  rivers  and  brooks ;  the 
plains  are  exceedingly  fertile,  and  the  moun.. 
tains  green  all  the  year  round  ;  though  from 
Augult  to  Odober,  v/hich  is  their  v/inter, 
the  weather  is  for  the  m.oft  part  wet  and 
ftormy.  It  produces  great  quantities  of 
rice,  cocoa-nuts,  bananas,  oranges,  and 
many  other  kinds  of  excellent  fruit.  Thq 
people  of  Aracan  trade  very  little  by  fea ; 
what  trade  they  have  is  brought  home  to 
them  by  merchants  of  diftant  countries ; 
the  principal  articles  of  fale  are  lead,  tin, 
fticklack,  elepants,  elephants'  teeth,  'and 
fometimes  precious  ftoncs.  This  commerce 
is  carried  on  by  the  Mahometans,  Avho  are 
fettled  here  in  great  numbers.  The  inhabi- 
tants are  idolaters,  and  worfliip  devoutly 
their  images,  made  of  clay  baked  in  the 
ilin.  This  country  is  by  the  natives  called 
Yee-Kein.  In  1 783,  it  was  conquered  by  the 
king  of  Birmah,  and  annexed  to  his  do- 
minions. The  principal  city  is  Aracan  ; 
and  the  principal  river  bears  the  fame 
name. 

Aracan,  a  city  of  Afia,  and  capital  of  a 
country  of  the  fame  name,  containing  about 
100,000  inhabitants :  a  river,  called  alfo 
Aracan,  runs  through  it,  and  waters  the 
ftreets  by  means  oi  feveral  arms  or  ca- 
nals, into  which  it  is  divided.  The  houfes 
are  very  low  ;  that  of  the  king  is  very  large 
and  richly  ornamented.  240  miles  SE.  Cal- 
cutta,    /.c.v^-.  93.E.  Za/.  20. 38.N. 

Aracan,  a  river  of  Alia,  which  runs  into 
the  Bay  of  Bengal  about  27  miles  below  the 
city  of  Aracan. 

Aracari,  a  town  of  Brafd,  on  the  river 
Negro.     80  miles  W.  r  ort  Kio  Negro. 

Arcati-Merim,  a  river  ot  Bralil,  which 
runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  41.  16.  W. 
Lat.  3.5-8. 

Aracati- A(lu,2i  river  of  Brafil,  which  nms 
into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  41.  10.  VV.  Lat. 
3.6.  S. 

Aracena,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Andalulia;  lituated   near  the  Sierra  Mo- 
rena,  in  the  country  of  Seville,  with  a  callle 
on  an  eminence.     30  miles  NNW.  Seville,  • 
Long.  6. 20.  W.   Lat.  37. 43.  N. 

Aracay,  a  river  ot  Bralil,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lotig.  34.  31.  W.  Lat.  (<♦ 
50.  S.  ■ 


A  R  A 

Aracha  (V ).,  fee  Laracha. 

Arachova,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
irj  the  province  of  Livadia.  6  miles  N. 
$alona. 

Araclea,  fee  Herakli. 

Arad,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Ma- 
rofch,  which  divides  it  into  Old  and  New 
Town.  A  fortrefs  ftands  on  a  peninfula, 
formed  by  a  bend  of  the  river,  the  works  of 
which  are  Itrong,  and  within  the  walls  are 
the  governor's  houle,  a  convent,  and  church 
of  Francifcans,  with  feme  (hops.  In  the 
year  1685,  a  battle  was  fought  near  this 
town  between  the  Germans  and  the  Twrks, 
in  which  the  latter  were  defeated,  7000 
men,  all  that  remained  alive,  being  made 
prifoners.  24  miles  N.  Temefvar,  and  195 
SE.  Prefburgh.  Lotig.  21.  3.E.  Lat.  46- 
II. N. 

Arady  or  E?wehbi  Salachh^  one  of  the 
Bahhrein  iflands,  in  the  Perfian  Gulf.  Long. 
48.  6.  E.  L«/.  26.25.  N. 

Arifdi,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Na- 
tolia.     10  miles  NW.  Kaftamoni. 

Araesy  a  maritime  town  of  Brafil,  in  the 
province  of  Matto.  Long.  s%-  30.  W.  Lat. 
18.  S. 

Arafat.,  a  mountain  of  Arabia,  about  four 
or  five  miles  from  Mecca. 

Arafaxa,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Weft 
Bothnia,  on  the  river  Tornea.  32  miles  N. 
Tornea. 

Aragon,  a  country  which  was  once  an  in- 
dependent kingdom ;  but  is  now  united  with 
Spain,  and  forms  a  very  confiderable  part 
of  that  monarchy.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  Pyrenees,  which  feparate  it 
from  France,  on  the  north-weft  by  Navarre, 
on  the  weft  by  Caftile,  on  the  fouth  by  Va- 
lencia, and  on  the  eaft  by  Catalonia.  It 
contains  feventy  towns,  only  eight  of  which 
are  conliderable,  viz,  Saragoffa,  Albarazin, 
Balbaftro,  Calataiud,  Daroca,  Jacca,  Tara- 
^ona,  and  Teruel.  The  rivers  are  the  Ebro, 
Cinca,  Segra,  Gallego,  Ifuela,  Xalon,  Xi- 
loca,  Aragon,  and  fome  other  fmall  ones. 
The  air  is  pure  and  ferene,  but  it  often  wants 
water,  having  neither  fprings  or  wells,  fo 
that  the  principal  fupply  is  from  rain  prc- 
ferved  in  cifterns.  The  country  is  gene- 
rally dry,  fandy,  mountainous,  andftony. 
Some  of  the  v;Ulies  are  however  very  fertile, 
and.  produce  wheat,  flax,  faffron,  grapes, 
olives,  and  other  fruits;  fait  mines  abound; 
and  it  is  fuppofed  that  mines  of  filver  were 
wrought  formerly,  as  we  read  that  the  lio- 
man  general  Marcellus  exaded  from  this 
country  a  contribution  of  300  talents  of  that 
metal,  and  Gracchus  deftroyed  300  towns, 
a  proof  of  the  wealth  and  multitude  of  the 
inhabitants. 

Aragon^   a  river  of  Spain,   which  rifes  in 
the  Pyrenees,  partes  by  Jacca,  Swguefa,  ^c. 


A  R  A 

and  runs  Into  the  Ebro  between  Calahorra 
and  Tudela. 

Aragon,  a  town  of  Arabia.  100  miles 
ESE.  Sanaa. 

Aragiia,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Cumana. 

Arahaly  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Seville.     27  miles  ENE.  Seville. 

Arajee,  a  town  of  Abyflinia.  95  miles 
SSE.  Umi. 

Arakeery,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fbre.  In  1791,11  was  taken  by  Eail  Corn- 
wallis.     8  miles  E.  Scringapatam. 

Araly  a  lake  or  inland  fea  of  Alia,  in  the 
country  of  the  independent  Tartars,  about 
250  miles  long,  and  130  broad.  The  Tar- 
tars have  turned  the  courfe  of  the  rive;  Si- 
hon  and  Gihon,  from  the  Cafpian  lea  to  this 
lake,  to  prevent  the  incroachments  of  pi- 
rates. Zow^.  57.  to  61.  E.  Lat.  42.  45. 
to  46.  40.  N. 

Aram,  a  town  of  Arabia.  38  miles  NE. 
Chamir. 

Araf/iafcheva,  a  town  of  Ruflla,  in  the 
government  of  Tobolfk.     90  m.  S.  Tobolflc. 

Ara7nbauk,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     34  miles  N.  Bomrauzepollam. 

Ara??iieh,  a  town  of  Egypt.  8  miles  S. 
Dendera. 

Aramits,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Pyrenees,  on  the  Vert. 
7  miles  SW.  Oleron. 

AraniOy  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Chili,  near 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  30  miles  S.  La  Con- 
ception. 

Aramont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gard,  on  the  weft  fide  of 
the  Rhone,  8  miles  below  Avignon. 

Arampali,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ma- 
dura ;  a  place  long  celebrated  for  its  manu- 
faftures,  which  formerly  employed  2000 
looms  ;  the  trade  is  now  confiderable. 

Ara?nroy,  fee  Ermiiro. 

Aran,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.     100  miles  N.  Ifpahan. 

Aranaj,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  intcv 
the  Agra  two  miles  below  Pampeluna. 

Arance,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ain.     8  m.  E.  Ambronay. 

Aranda  de  Ebro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Ara- 
gon, on  the  Ebro.     19  m.  NW.  Calataiud. 

Aranda  dc  Diicro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Old  Caftile,  on  the  Duero.  90  miles  N. 
Madrid,  and  35  S.  Burgos, 

Arandcn,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Here,  lo  miles  S.  St.  Sorlin, 
and  28  E.  Vienne. 

Arandore.  a  town  of  the  illandof  Ceylon. 
22  miles  SSW.  Candy. 

Arang,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Borneo.     iLo;/^.  116.  30.  E.    Lai. 

Arangbera,  one  of  the  Biiugos  iflands,  m 


A  R  A 

the  Atlantic,  at  the  mouth  of  the'river  G  rande, 
near  the  coall  of  Ahica. 

Jranha,  a  town  ot  Portugal,  in  Eftraina- 
dura.     1 2  miles  NE.  Leyria. 

Aranjucz^  a  village  and  royal  palace  of 
Spain,  in  New  Caflile,  fituated  on  the  Ta- 
gus,  chiefly  built  within  60  or  70  years; 
whoever  chufes  to  build  houfes  here  may 
have  a  free  gift  of  the  ground  from  the  king, 
on  condition  of  conforming  to  the  general 
plan.  The  ftreets  are  broad  and  parallel, 
and  interfedt  each  other  at  right  angles  : 
the  houfes  are  of  two  ftories  in  height,  and 
are  all  painted  white,  with  green  doors  and 
llrutters.  The  principal  church,  which  has 
a  convex  colonnade,  is  built  in  the  great 
fqur.rc;  Sabitini  was  the  architect.  This 
fquare  is  furrounded  by  porticos;  four  large 
arched  gates  form  the  entrance,  and  in  the 
middle  is  a  handfome  fountain,  which  co- 
piouflv  ILjiplies  the  town  with  water  :  theie 
are  two  other  churches  in  Aranjuez.  Here 
is  a  new  amphitheatre  for  the  bull-ti|^hts,li_ke 
that  of  Madrid  ;  it  is  built  of  brick  with 
wooden  feats  ;  the  inner  circle,  or  area,  is 
J  60  feet  in  diameter.  The  royal  palace  is  a 
fquare,  and  has  21  windows  in  front,  and  a 
turret  at  each  end  ;  but  there  is  nothing  re- 
markable either  in  its  exterior  or  interior 
parts,  except  fome  good  paintings.  18  miles 
ISIE.  Toledo,  and  30  S.  Madrid.  _ 

ylrafijuez,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Cofta  Rica.  32  miles  S.  Cofta 
Rica. 

Arannos,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  9 
miles  from  St.  Eftevan. 

Aranta,  a  feaport  town  of  Peru,  in  the 
jurifdiflion  of  Arequipa;  the  harbour  is  deep, 
but  the  entrance  narrow.  30  miles  SW. 
Arequipa. 

Aranyvar,  a  fortrefs  of  Tranfylvania,  on 
the  north  fide  of  the  Maros.  18  miles  SW. 
Millenbich,  and  20  SSW.  Carlfburg. 

Arapari-puai,  a  town  of  Brafil,  in  the 
pfovcrnment  of  Para,  on  the  Guanapu.  170 
miles  WSVV.  Para. 

Arapijo^  a  town  of  Brafil,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Para,  on  the  river  of  the  Amazons. 
18  miles  WSW.  Curupu. 

Arjr,aa\'a,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  rifes 
in  Lat.  18  S.  and  after  a  northerly  courfe 
of  near  8oo  miles,  runs  into  the  Tocantins 
river,  Lat.  ^.  40.  S. 

Aiaq'ta,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon.  12 
miles  NNW.  Jaca. 

Araqiul,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre. 
15  miles  \^^  Pampeluna. 

Arnranga,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,'  I^at.  29.  45.  S. 

Anirat,  a  mountain  of  Armenia,  between 
Caucafus  and  Taurus,  vtr-;  lofty  and  Iteep  ; 
the  liimmit  is  inacccHib'e,  and  always  co- 
vered with  fnow.    It  is  by  fonic  fuppofed  to 


A  R  A 

be  the  finie  on  which  Noah's  Ark  refted 
after  the  flood.    60  m.  S.  Erivan. 

Aj-ariba,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs 
into  the  fea  near  Fernambuco. 

Aras,  or  Erh,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the 
province  of  Schirvan.  50  miles  N.  Scha- 
machie,  and  130  SSE.  Teflis. 

Aras,  a  river  of  Afia,  anciently  called 
Araxes.  It  rifes  in  Mount  Ararat,  feparates 
Armenia  from  the  province  of  Adirbetzan, 
and  joins  the  Kur,  near  Javat,  in  the  province 
of  Schirvan. 

Arafeng.,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.     30  miles  S.Cafbin. 

AraJJl.,  a  town  of  Genoa  ;  it  is  a  place  of 
fome  trade,  and  well  peopled  ;  veffels  are 
to  be  hired  here  for  Genoa,  or  any  part  of 
Italy.     Long.  8.  E.  Lat.  44.  4-  N. 

^/-^//i<a'/)(?j-i;i>iy,  alarge  lake  of  North-Ame- 
rica.    Zvo;;^.  III.  30.  W.   Zi2/.  61.  50.  N. 

Araticu,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs  into 
the  Guanapu,   70  miles  W.  Para. 

Aravacoui'chy,  fee  Arrii-acmirchy. 

Arauco,  a  fortrefs  of  South-America,  in 
Chili,  fituated  near  the  mouth  of  a  river,  in  a 
valley  to  which  it  gives  name.  The  inha- 
bitants of  the  valley  are  Indians,  called  Arau- 
ques,  who,  in  the  vear  1599,  took  and  burnt 
the  town  and  fortof  Valdivia,  and  threatened 
the  reft  of  the  country.  The  Spaniards  con- 
cluded a  peace  with  them  in  1650.  20  miles 
S.  La  Conception. 

Araco,  a  river  of  Chili,  which  runs  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean,   Lat.  37.  9.  S. 

Aravita,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Cordova.     40  miles  E.  Cordova. 

Araiv,  a  town  of  Sv\fifrerland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  Berne,  on  the  right  fide  of  the  Aar, 
from  which  it  receives  its  name,  in  a  fertile 
country  ;  it  contains  about  1700  fouls.  The 
principal  manufadures  are  cotton,  cotton- 
ftuffs,  printed  linens,  cutlery,  and  tanning. 
The  diets  and  aflemblies  of  the  Protcftant 
cantons  are  generally  held  here,  and  the 
avoyer  of  the  town  is  perpetual  fecretary. 
The  Counts  of  Hapfburg,  and  their  fuccef- 
fors,  the  Dukes  of  Auftria,  had  a  caifle  in 
Araw,  which  was  demolifhed  by  the  inhabi- 
tants, and  the  town-houfe  ereded  out  ot  its 
materials.  The  inhabitants  are  Protcftants. 
21  miles  SE.  Bale,  and  30  NNE.  Berne. 
Lotig.  7.  54.  E.  Lat.  47.  23.  N. 

Araivari,  a  river  of  South-America,which 
crofles  Guiana,  and  empties  itfclf  into  the 
Atlantic.  By  the  peace  of  1801,  it  was 
agreed,  that  the  Ibuth  bank  flaould  belong 
to  the  Portuguefe,  and  the  north  bank  to 
the  French,  and  the  navigation  open  to  both 
nations.     I^at.  of  the  mouth,  i.  50.  N. 

Aran.vHl,'A  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Can- 
dcilh.     6  miles  SE.  Chuprah. 

y//Yf.v,-?,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Orio  ixi  Tololu. 


ARE 

-/Iray,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  runs 
from  Loch  Awe  to  Loch  Fine. 

Arczatiha,  a  river  of  Braiil,  which  runs 
into  the  Ailantic,   Lat.  28.  20.  S. 

Arba,  an  iiland  in  the  Gulf  Carnero,  near 
the  coall  of  Dalmatia,  about  :^o  miles  in  cir- 
cumference. By  the  archives  of  tlie  com- 
munity of  Arba,  it  appears,  that  in  the  nth 
century  goidand  (ilk  were  not  rare  among  the 
inhabitants.  Arba  was  fubjecl  to  the  kings  cf 
Hungary  ;  afterwards  it  became  dependent 
on  the  Venetian  feudatories,  and  at  lall:  was 
taken  under  the  immediate  dominion  of  the 
moll:  fcrene  republic,  by  which  a  governor 
was  appointed,  who  had  the  title  of  count 
and  captain.  The  number  of  people  on  the 
ifland  does  not  much  exceed  3000  fouls, 
diftributed  in  a  few  pariflies,  which  might  be 
officiated  by  a  fmall  number  of  priells. 
There  arc  three  convents  of  friars,  and  as 
many  of  nuns,  befldes  60  priefts,  who  have 
a  very  fcanty  provifion.  The  climate  of 
Arba  is  none  of  the  happieff ;  the  winter 
fealon  is  horrid,  efpecially  when  agitated 
by  the  violent  northerly  winds,  which  fomc- 
times  transrorm  the  intermediate  feafbns 
into  winter,  and  caufe  the  liimmer  itfelf  to 
difappear.  Thefe  furious  winds  do  great 
damage  to  the  ifland,  particularly  in  the 
winter  and  ipring.  A  few  years  ago,  about 
12,000  fheep  perifhcd  in  one  night  of  cold 
in  the  common  paftures  of  the  mountain, 
•where,  according  to  the  cuftom  over  all 
Dalmatia,  they  are  left  in  the  open  air  the 
whole  year  round.  The  appearance  of  the 
ifland  is  exceedingly  pleafant,  nor  perha[)S 
is  there  another  in  Dalmatia  that  in  this  re- 
fpedl  can  be  compared  to  it.  On  the  eaft 
it  has  a  very  high  mountain,  at  the  foot  of 
which  the  reil:  of  the  ifland  is  extended  to 
the  v/eil:ward,  divided  mto  beauciful  and 
fruitful  plains,  interfperfed  with  little  hills, 
fit  to  bear  the  richefl:  products.  At  the  ex- 
tremity that  looks  to  the  north,  a  delightful 
promontory,  called  Loparo,  flretches  itfelf 
the  fea;  it  is  crowned  with  little  hills,  which 
almofl  quite  indole  a  fine  culdvated  plain. 
Near  this  promontory  are  the  two  fmall 
iflands  of  St.  Gregorio  and  Goli,  very  ufe- 
fiii  to  fliepherds  and  fifliers.  The  coafl  of 
Arbi  that  faces  the  Morlachian  moun- 
tains, is  quite  fteep  and  inacceflible,  and 
the  channel  between  them  is  extremely 
dangerous,  being  expofed  tQ  furious  winds, 
and  without  a  fingle  port  on  either  fide 
of  the  channel.  There  are  feveral  har- 
bours in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  city 
of  Arba,  by  which  the  trade  of  the  b^fl 
part  of  the  iiland  is  facilitated.  Among 
the  moll:  remarkable  curiofities  of  the  ifland, 
the  inhabitants  are  proud  of  the  head  of 
Sc.  Chriilofano,  their  protestor ;  but  the 
lovers  of  facred  antiquity  will  find  fome- 
ihing  much  more  lingular  in  the  three  heads 


AR  B 

of  Shadrach,  Mcfliach,  ^nd  Abednego, 
which  are  venerated  here  with  great  devo- 
tion. Four  of  the  principal  gentlemen  are 
keepers  of  the  lanftuary,  and  to  their  care 
the  precious  records  of  the  city  are  alfo 
committed  ;•  among  thefe  records  there  is  a 
tranfaaionofMXVIIL  by  which  the  city  of 
Arba  promiles  to  tha  Doge  of  Venice,  Ot- 
tone  Orfcolo,  a  tribute  of  fome  pounds  de 
fda  fcrica,  wrought  filk,  and  in  the  cafe  of 
contravention  \iO\xx\iA%  de  aiiro  (j/rf  ~5  ofgold. 
In  the  laft  age  there  was  a  learned  bilhop 
of  Arba,  named  Otawix  Spaderi,  who  Vv'ould 
not  permit  the  relique?;  of  St.  Chrilfofane 
to  be  expofed  to  the  public  veneration,  on 
the  folemnity  of  the  faints'  day,  becaufe  he 
doubted  of  their  authenticity.  The  mob 
role,  and  was  going  to  throw  him  down 
from  the  top  of  the  hill  on  which  the  cathe- 
dral Hands ;  nor  did  the  tumult  ceafe  after 
the  day  was  pall:.  The  government  fent  an 
armed  veiTel  to  deliver  the  prelate  from  the 
danger  he  was  in  ;  and  the  pope  thought 
proper  to  give  him  a  more  tractable  fpoufe 
in  Italy.  The  foil  of  Arba  is  not  the  fame 
in  every  fituation  ;  nay,  it  would  be  diflicuit 
to  find  a  country  where  there  is  fo  great  a 
variety  in  lb  little  fpace.  The  iflnnd  of 
Arba  would  have  every  thing  requifite  for 
the  fubfilfence  of  its  fmall  population,  if 
the  land  was  cultivated  by  a  people  more 
induftrious.  It producesjhowever, firev/ood, 
of  which  many  cargoes  are  annually  fent  to 
Venice;  corn,  oil,  excellent  wine,  brandy,. 
and  filk  ;  they  feed  the  filk-worn)s  with 
leaves  of  the  black  mulberry  :  it  alio  exports 
hides,wool,  fheep,  hogs,  and  horles  of  a  good 
breed.  There  is  alfo  abundance  of  good 
fait  made  in  the  ifland ;  and  the  fifliing  of 
tunny,  mackarel,  and  fardines,  notwithftand- 
ing  it  is  man  ;ged  in  a  flovenly  and  awkward 
manner,  makes  no  inconliderable  article  of 
trade.  Yet  with  all  thefe  natural  products, 
the  ifland  is  very  far  from  being  rich,  or 
even  in  a  tolerably  flourilhing  ftate,  becauie 
there  is  much  land  left  uncultivated,  and  the 
pealants  are  lazy.  Arba  v/as  ceded,  with  the 
relief  the  republic  of  the  Venetians,  to  Aui- 
tria.     Lr/iig.  14.  51.  E.  Zi?/.  44.59.  ^• 

Arba,  a  tovv^n  on  the  ifland  fo  called,  is 
the  fee  of  a  biihop  ;  it  contains  a  cathedra!, 
a  collegiate  church,  with  about  1400  inha- 
bitants, chiefly  employed  in  agriculture, 
fifliing,  and  the  manufai^lure  of  fait  from 
fea  water.     Long.  14.  57.  Lat.  45.  N. 

Arbaal,  a  town  of  Algiers.  15  miles  SSE. 
Oran. 

Arbaej?!,  a  town  of  Arabia.  12  miles  N. 
Zebid. 

Arbeca,  a  town  and  callle  of  Spain,  in 
Catalonia.    10  miles  E.  Lerida. 

Arbegen,  a  town  of  Tranfilv;inia.  7  miles 
N.  Stoltzenberg. 

Arbsrgt  Arburg,  fee  AarbergySc  Aarburg. 


ARC 

Arlcf^acht  a  town  of  Auftrla.  6  miles 
S\V.  Zwetl. 

Jrbejiaal,  a  town  of  Auftria.  5  miles 
N.  Brugg. 

ylrhiai  a  river  of  Etruria,  which  runs  into 
tbe  Ombrone,  near  Buenconvento. 

Arhica,  a  town  of  Sp  in,  in  Navarre. 
30  miles  WNW.  Pam^jeluna. 

ji>-h'J,  fee  Erbll. 

Arbi),  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Gironde.  17  miles  SE.  Bour- 
deaux. 

Arboga,  or  Arhogcn,  a  town  of  Sweden, 
in  'VVciimanland,  remarkable  for  a  fynod 
held  there  in  1297,  under  Nicolas  arch- 
biihop  oiUpfal.  It  is  fituated  on  a  naviga- 
ble canal,  which  runs  into  the  Malar  lake. 
65  miles  W.  Stockholm.  Long.  ij.  39.  E. 
i-^^t.  59,  55.  N. 

Arbois,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
in;intof  ji;ra,  and  principal  town  of  the  dis- 
tri(fl,  celebrated  for  the  excellent  wine  made 
in  its  environs.  General  Pichegru  was  a 
native  of  this  town.  24  miles  NNE.  Lons 
le  Saunier.  Lo?jg.  5.  51.  E.  Lat.  46. 
54.  N. 

Arhon,  a  town  of  Helvetia,  in  the  Turgow, 
fituated  on  the  fouth  iide  of  the  Lake  of 
Conftance.  The  principal  part  of  the  inha- 
bitants are  Proteifants.  This  place  is,  in 
Antoninus'  Itinerary,  named  Arber  Infelix; 
andtlie  caftle  in  which  the  Obervogt  refides, 
is  faid  to  have  been  built  by  the  Romans. 
It  was  once  a  free  town  under  the  proteftion 
of  the  dukes  of  Swabia,  but  when  Conrad 
the  laft  unfortunate  duke  w^s  put  under  the 
ban  of  the  empire,  tlic  tov/n  was  fold,  and  in 
the  thirteenth  century,  it  was  purchafed  by 
the  bilhop  of  Confta.ice.  7  niiles  N.  St.  Gall, 
and  14  SE.  Confhince.  Long.  9.  27.  E. 
Lat.  47.  30.  N. 

Arh'-jii,  fee  Areho. 

Arbmic,  atov.'n  of  Arabia,  in  the  province 
of  Hedjas.     100  miles  NW.  Mecca. 

Arboucave,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Landes.  12  miles  SE.  St. 
Sevjr,  and  13  IINK.  Orthez. 

Arbra,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Hellingland, 
S4  miles  NW.  Sodtrhamn. 

Ahre  Croche.,  an  iflitnd  in  the  north  part 
ot  lake  Michig.in,  in  Uppci  Canada.  Lon-j. 
ts-  i«-W.  I'^t.  45.  3.5- N. 

Arbrcjle,  fL\J  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Rhone  and  Loire,  o  m. 
NW.  Lyons. 

ArbnciU?,  lee  Aherbrothtck. 

Arc  en  Bano'is^  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
<7cpartment  of  the.. Lower  Marne.  14  miles 
NVr.  Langres. 

Arc  fur  Tillc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Cote  d'Or,  on  the  river 
Tillc.     7  miles  EN£.  Dijon. 

Arc,  a  river  yf  Savoy,  which  runs  into  the 
Ifcvc.    la  miles  from  Montmelian. 


ARC 

Arc,  a  river  of  France,  which  pafles  near 
Aix,  and  lofes  itfelf  in  the  lake  of  Martigues, 
in  the  depcutment  of  the  mouths  of  the 
Rhone. 

Area,  a  town  ©f  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Marafch.  ao  miks  W. 
Malatla. 

Arccihay,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  16  miks  N.  Cul 
de  Sac. 

Arcadia,  a  feaport  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  the  Morea,  in  a  gulf  to  which 
it  gives  name,  open  to  the  Mediterranean 
fea.  In  1770,  this  town  was  taken  by  the 
Ruffians,  under  Prince  Dolgorucki,  with 
200Q  Turks  prifoners,  and  three  pieces  of 
cannon.  40  miles  NW.  Mifitra,  and  18  N. 
Navarin.     Long.  21.34.  E.  Lat.  37.22.N. 

Arcalia,  a  town  on  the  weft  qpaft  of  St. 
Domingo.     12  miles  N.  Port-au-Prince. 

Arcangeles,  a  town  of  Paraguay.  300  ni, 
E.  Allumptron. 

A-rcano^  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  lira, 
W.  Udina. 

Areas,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile, 
anciently  the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  removed  to 
Cuenca.     9  miles  S.  Cucn^ca. 

yf;-c.vfj-,  afmall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coaft  of  Guinea.  Long.  14.  40.  W, 
Lilt.  J  I,  S.lv. 

Areas,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Mex^ 
ico.     Long.  92.  38.  W.  Lat.  19.  50.  N. 

Arec,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Lavora. 
15  miles  S  Sora.  52  NNW.  Naples. 

Arcelsi ,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart* 
rrient  of  .he  Eaftern  Pyrenees.  la  naJles  SE. 
Perpignan,and  12  ENE.  Ceret. 

Arces,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eaftern  Pyrenees.  31  m.  SSW. 
Perpignan,  and  6  SW.  Ceret. 

Arck,  or  Arco,  a  town  of  the  county  of 
Tyrol,  on  the  Sarca,  witl^.a  citadel  on 
a  mountain.  It  was  built  as  early  as  11 75, 
by  the  lords  of  Arch  or  Bogen,  and  is  die 
capital  of  a  county  founded  by  the  cn.peror 
Sigiiinund  in  1413.  In  1 703,  this  place  liif- 
fertd  much  by  the  French.  12  miles  W» 
Trent.     Long.  lo.  47.  E.  Lat.  45.53  N. 

Archachcra,  or  Zivagee,  a  town  of  Con- 
can,  on  the  coaft.    30  miles  S  Severwdroog, 

Archangel,  or  Arckangeljk,  a  feaport  town 
of  Ruilia,  and  capital  of  the  government  to 
which  it  gives  name.  All  the  necefi'aries  of 
lite,  meat,  game,  and  great  varieties  of  excel-, 
lent  iifli,  are  in  the  greateft  plenty,  and 
cheap.  It  is  fituated  in  the  Dwina,  about  24 
miles  from  the  White  Sea.  There  is  a  regu- 
lar pdft  between  Archangel  and  Peterft)urg, 
and  what  perhaps  may  appear  remarkable, 
great  quantities' f»f  mutton  and  beef  are  fent 
to  the  markets  of  Petcrft)urg  during  the 
winter.     Zs?;^-.  38.  56.E.   Z^?/.  64.  40.  N. 

Archangcljkoc,  the  government  of  Arch-, 
angel,  a  province  of  Rulfia,  io  named  fvoia 


ARC 


ARC 


its  capital.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
the  Frozen  Sea,  on  the  ealt  by  the  govern- 
ment of  Tobolflc,  on  the  foiith  by  the  go- 
vernment of  Vologda  and  Olonciz,  and  on 
the  weft  by  the  dominions  of  Sweden;  and 
extends  from  lo7!g.  27.  to  67.  E.  laL  6z.  to 
70.  N.  The  country  ir.  cold,  marfliy, 
woody,  and  mountainous ;  the  oilier  prin- 
tipal  towns,  bclidcs  Archangel  are  Kola, 
Oneg,  Pineg,  and  Mczen.  The  principal 
rivers  are  the  Dwina,  tlic  Voklcha,  the 
Mezen,and  the  Petchora. 

Archangeljk,?^  town  of  Ruflra,  In  the  go- 
vernment of  F.katerincflav,  on  the  Bog. 
17c  miles  W.  Ekaterinoflav.  Long.  10.  44. 
E.  Lat.  48.  30.  N 

Archa>igeljkoi.,  a  town  of  RulTia,  in  tlie 
government  of  Irkutlk,  at  the  conflux  of 
the  Tangui  and  the  Oka.  116  miles  NE. 
Udinik.    Long.  101.44.E.  Lat.ss.^o.^. 

Arckangdjk'Ai  a  town  of  Ruilia,  in  the 
government  of  Kollrom.  124  NNE.  Kof- 
trom.     Zii/;_^.  4;,.  44.E.     /w^/.  59.  15.N. 

ArchangeljWh  a  town  of  Rulha,  in  the 
government  of  Vologda.  90  miles  NE. 
Vologda.  Long.  41.  58.  E.  Lat.  60.  ^s-^'^' 

Arche,  (L\)  a  town  ol  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Correze.  6  miles  SW. 
Brive. 

Arched  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaft- 
ern  Indian  fca,  near  the  ifiand  cf  Paraguay. 
Long.  117.  57.  E.  Lat.  0.  15. N. 

Arch<:nioia:ain.,  lee  Ajhniunain. 

Archi,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Abruzzo  Citra.     8  n)ilcs  S.  Lanciano. 

Archiacy  a  town  ot  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Charente.  15  miles  S. 
Saintes.    Long.  o.  13.  W.  Lat.  45.  32.N. 

Archidona,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Grenada,  with  a  caltle  of  con- 
fiderabJe  antiquity.  This  town  was  made 
ftrong  by  the  Moors,  and  at  the  time  of  the 
fiege  of  Antequera,  fupplied  with  a  ftrong 
garrifon,  ftores,  and  amraur.ition,  which  en- 
abled them  to  lay  wafte  the  country,  and 
carry  away  all  the  proviiions  from  the  Cal- 
tilian  troops.    9  m.  E.  Aniequera. 

Archidona,  a  town  of  South-America, 
built  by  the  Spaniards,  in  the  province  of 
Quito.  80  miles  SE.  Quito.  Long.  76.  48. 
W.  Lat.  o.  45-  S. 

Archipelago,  apart  of  the  Mediterranean 
fea;  bounded  on  the  norti  by  Romania,  on 
the  eaft  by  Natolia,  on  the  w-lt  by  Livadia 
and  the  Morea,  and  on  the  louth  by  the 
ifland  of  Candy.  It  was  formerly  called  the 
JEgean  fea.  It  diyrdes,  as  lar  as  it  extends, 
Europe  from  Afia,  and  belongs  equally  to 
both  :  of  the  many  iflands  v;  hich  it  con- 
tains, thofe  which  are  neartft  the  coaft 
of  Natoha,  are  called  Aliatn.;  the  reft  are 
coplidered  as  belongii;g  to  Europe.  Up- 
wards of  forty  of  theie  illands  are  leckoned 
iconfiderabie.    There  are  many  bays  and 


haibours  on  the  coafts  of  each  fide,  as  well 
as  in  feveral  of  the  iflands.  'Inhere  are  alio 
many  rocks  foifud  in  the  Archipelago. 
Long.  23.  t<>37. E.  Lat.  :■,<,.  :^c.  t040.  40.  N- 

Archipcldgo,  is  a  term  loolely  applied  to  a 
group  of  iflands,  in  any  ftrait  or  narrou'  fea. 

Archipelago  do  Bourbon-,  the  Society 
Iflands,  fo  called  by  Bougainville. 

Archipelago  of  the  Great  Cycladeu  the 
New  Hebrides,  lb  called  by  Bougamville. 

Archlebou,  a  town  jr  M-^ravia,  ui  ilie  circle 
ofBrunn.     17  miles  SE.  Brunn. 

Archi'winnipy  Sea,  a  large  gulf  of  the 
North  Sea,  wliich  commiUiicates  with  ilud- 
fon's  bay,  by  means  of  H..zard  gulf. 

Archjbojen,  a  town  of  Fianconia,  in  the 
principality  of  Anfpach.  3  m.  E.  Creglingen. 

ylrcis  f-ur  Auhe,  a  town  of  France,  ui  the 
department  of  the  Aube,  and  principal  place 
ot  a  diiirict.  15  miles  N.  Troves.  Long. 
4.14-  E.  Lat.  4%.  33.  N. 

Arcifa,  a  town  ot  Italy,  in  the  department 
oftheOlona,     10  miles  W.  Como. 

Arco,  fee  Arch 

Arco,  a  town  of  Si  uly,  in  the  valley  of 
No  to.     5  miles  N.  Noto. 

Arcoe,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  ftraits  of  Ma- 
lacca.   Long.  100.  35. E.  Lat.  a- 54.  N. 

Arcole,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  Ve-  ' 
ronefe;  where,  m  Nov..-mber  1796,  a 
bloody  battle  was  fought  between  the  Auf- 
trians  and  the  Frencii,  in  v/hich  the  former 
were  defeated,  lofliig  5000  priio.iers,  bclides 
a  great  number  of  killed  aud  vvuiiaded.  The 
lois  on  the  fide  of  the  Frirnch  was  likewiie 
great.  This  battle  is  thought  to  have  ?.ter- 
mined  the  fate  of  Italy.  15  mdes  ESE. 
Verona. 

-<^nw/^,  a  village  ofpomerania,  in  the  ifland 
of  Rugen, anciently  a  cit,y.  20  n).  N.  Bergen. 

Arcanato,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Olona.     18  m.  W.  Milan. 

Arconcey,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Cote  d'Or.  5  miles  N. 
Arnay  le  Due. 

Arcos,  or  Arcof  de  la  Frofitera,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  tiie  country  of  Seville,  fltuatcd  on 
a  iharp  rock  near  die  Guadalete,  tortii.ed. 
by  art  and  nature,  in  1338,  a  battle  was 
fought  near  this  town  between  a  detachment 
of  Chriiiiians  and  Moors,  when  tne  iaiter 
loft  500  men,  with  n.ucli  booty,  of  which 
they  had  before  piundeied  ihe  country. 
Soon  after  the  main  armies  Ci.gaged,  whea 
the  Mours  were  cumpleiely  deieated;  ac- 
cording to  fome,  ti^ieir  lols  amounted  to 
lojoco  riien,  vvidi  all  their  ten  s  and  bag- 
g;-ige.  The  ancient  name  of  this  town  was 
Arc':ihriga.  40  miles  S.  Sevifle,  and  17  N. 
Meuuia  Sidonia.     Long.  5.  ^i.  W»   Lat. 

36.  43-  ^'. 

Arcos,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile,  on 

the  borders  of  Arc.gon,  on  the  river  Xalon, 
9  milts  above  Medina  Cell. 


ARC 

j^rcos,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  province 
of  Beira.     12  miles  SSE.  Pefquiera. 

Jj-cos  Los,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre. 
13  miles  S.  ERella. 

Arcos,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Buenos-Ayres.  60  miles  NW. 
2ueno?-Ayres. 

Arcot,  a  city  of  HindooiLan,  and  capital  of 
the  Carnatic,  fituated  on  the  river  Paliar  ; 
anciently  called  Arcati  Regla  Sorx,  and 
Sor^z-ynandalam.  It  is  of  great  extent ;  the 
fort  is  a  mile  in  circiiniference,  with  walls 
and  ditches.  In  a  difpute  among  fome  of 
the  native  princes  of  India,  Colonel  Clive, 
v/ith  a  fmall  party  of  EngliCh,  took  polfef- 
iion  of  Arcot,  in  1751,  for  Mabonnned  Ali 
Khan,fon  of  Anawerdi  Khan,  the  nabob  of 
Arcot,  who  had  been  killed  in  battle.  The 
French  attempted  to  wreft  it  from  him,  but 
vere  compelled  to  raifc  the  fiege.  In  1760, 
in  a  quarrel  with  the  nabob,  it  \\'c\z  taken  by 
Colonel  Coote,  after  defeating  the  Trench  at 
Wandewaih  ;  and  the  garrifon  furrendered 
prifonersof  war,  after  the  batteries  had  been 
opened  againfi;  it  from  the  2d  to  the  (>\\\  of 
Jebruary.  In  1780,  Hyder  Ally  befieged 
Arcot,  but  after  a  few  days  relinquiflied  his 
defign.  On  the  icth  of  September  he 
attackedColone!  Bai!lie,at  the  head  of  a  very 
inferior  force.  The  acflioii  lafted  feveral 
hours,  at  length  the  Britifli  v/ere  entirely 
defeated;  all  the  Europeans' were  killed  or 
taken  prifoners,  with  about  2000  feapoys 
left  dead  on  the  field.  Colonel  Baillie  was 
ina(^  prifoner  with  feveral  other  officers. 
Coin^'letcher,  Captains  Rumfevand  Powel, 
v^ere  killed.  After  the  battle,  Hyder  again 
attacked  Arcot,  and  took  it  on  the  30th  of 
October.  55  miles  WSW.  Madras,  and  65 
1^JNW.  Pondicherry.  Lojig.  79.  30.  E. 
Lat,  13.  50.  N. 

Arcs,  (L-'s,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Var.   10  miles  W.  Frejus. 

Arcneily-A.  town  of  France,  celebrated  for 
the  excellence  of  its  water,  conveyed  to 
Paris  by  an  aquednd  conftruded  in  1624  by 
order  of  Queen  Mary  de  Medicis,  from  a 
dcfign  of  De  Brofie.    3  miles  S.  Paris. 

Ai-J,  a  river  of  German  y,  which  rifes  near 
Wehen,  in  the  principality  of  Naiiau  Saar- 
bruck,  and  runs  into  the  Laim  at  Dietz. 

Ardit,  a  town  of  European  Tiukcy,  in 
Romania.     60  miles  S.  Eilippopoli, 

Ardii,  a  river  of  European  Turkey,  whirh 
runs  into  the  Mariza,  16  m.  IS'.Trajanopoli. 

Ard,/cl\-r,  or  Ardcig^^cr,  a  tov/n  of  A^uilria, 
near  the  Danube.     10  miles  SW.  Ips. 

/h-dagh,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Longford,  which  gives  name  to  a  biihop- 
ric,  nbout  lixty  miles  in  length,  and  from  5 
to  18  in  bivadth,  inehiding  37  pi-riflies  i.n 
the  counties  oi  Cuvan,  Leiirim,  Sligo,  Ros- 
conuMon,  Longford,  andWeltmcatlr^  There 
is  i;o  tathsdraJ,  or  cpifcoprJ  place  of  icli- 


A  R  D 

dence.  It  ha.s  been  ufually  united  with  Ki!- 
more;  but  in  1 741,  was  annexed  to  the  arch- 
bilhopric  of  Tuam.  5  miles  SE.  Longford. 

Ardal,  a  town  of  Norway.  7  2  miles  N. 
Chriltiania. 

Ardales,  fee  Hardales. 

Ardauoudjee,  a  town  of  Turkifli  Armenia, 
in  the  government  of  Kars.  40  miles  N. 
Kars,  and  90  NE.  Erzeium.  Long.  43. 1$. 
E.  Lat.  40.  44.  N. 

Ardatov,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Simbirfic.  90  W.  Simbirfk.  Long, 
45.  44.  E.  Lat.  54.  45.N. 

Ardatov,  a  tov/n  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Nize  Gorodficoi.  60  miles  SSW. 
Niznei-Novgorod.  Long.  43.  4.  E.  LaU 
50.20.  N. 

Ardbraccan,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Meath,  formerly  the  fee  of  a 
biihop,  now  Called  the  bifhop  of  Meath.  5t 
takes  its  name  from  St.  Braccan,  who  pre- 
fided  over  the  abbey  here  in  the  middle  of 
the  7th  century.  .In  886,940,  99-2,  103 1» 
and  1 133,  it  was  laid  walfe  by  the  Danes. 
In  1 64 1,  it  was  a  place  of  ilrength,  and  the 
bifliop  of  Meath  had  a  palace  here. 

A;  debil,  or  Ardevil,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in 
the  province  of  Adirbeitzan.  This  is  one  of 
the  mofl  ancient  and  celebrated  towns  in 
Perfia,  fituated  in  the  midft  of  a  large  plain, 
furrounded  on  all  fides  by  the  mountains, 
which  form  a  kind  of  amphitheatre.  Arde- 
bil  has  been  the  refidence  of  many  kings : 
it  is  an  open  town,  without  walls ;  the  grand 
fquare,  c?.lled  Meidan,  is  large,  with  a  grand 
caravanfera  and  various  conveniences  for 
merchants  who  frequent  the  city  from  Tur- 
key, Tartary,  Hindoollan,  and  other  coun^ 
tries;  and  near  it  is  a  bafar,  in  which  are 
fold  the  moft  precious  merchandize  of  die 
country,  produce,  and  manufacfuTe,  as  v/ell 
as  other  articles,  European  and  Afiatic.  In 
one  of  the  churches  is  the  tomb  of  Schek 
Scfi,  a  celebrated  faint,  which  is  an  invio- 
lable afylum,  and  conftantly  vifited  by  pil- 
grims from  all  parts  of  Perfia.  Caravans  are 
frequently  going  to  and  from  Conftantino]ile 
and  Smyrna.  56  miles  E.  Tabris.  Long.j^';. 
30.  E.  Lat.  38.  5.  N. 

ArdcUl  I^itlle,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the 
province  of  Farfilfan.     54  miles  N.  Schiras. 

jlrdecmi,  a  tov/n  of  Pcrlia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.  15  miles  SSVv\  Gnerden,  and  140 
E. Jfpahan. 

ArdJcke.,  a  river  of  France,  which  gives 
name  to  one  of  the  departments,  and  rifes 
9  miles  from  Langogne,  and  runs  into 
the  Rhone,  about  3  miles  above  Pont  St.. 
Efpiit. 

Ardcche,  a  department  of  France,  bound- 
ed on  the  north  by  the  department  of  the 
Rhone  and  Loire,  on  the  eaft  by  the  Rhone, 
which  feparatcs  it  from  the  department  of 
the  Diomc,  on  thefoutli  by  the  dcpiurtmeut. 


A  RD 

ol  the  Gcird,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  depart- 
ments of  the  Lozere  and  the  Upper  Loire ; 
about  65  miles  from  north  to  fouth,  and 
from  15  to  32  in  breadth,  from  eaft  to 
weft.  Before  the  rcvokition,  it  was  a  pro- 
vince of  Languedoc,  called  Vivarais.  Pri- 
vas  is  the  capital. 

Ardee,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
o\  Louth.  It  is  a  corporation  town,  and 
before  the  union  it  fcnt  members  to  parlia- 
ment, ic  ni.SW.Dundalkjand^^N. Dublin. 

Ardc'i,  or  ArJon,  a  cou.itry  of  Swifier- 
land,  and  one  of  the  bailiwicks  of  the  Valais. 

Ardenbtirg,  or  Rodsnhurg,  a  town  of  Flan- 
ders, and  foi  merly  one  of  the  moft  confidcr- 
able  towns  of  the  country.  In  1604,  this 
town  was  taken  from  the  Spaniards  by 
Prince  Maurice  of  Naflau,  and  the  garrifon 
furrendered  prifonersof  war.  12  miles  NE. 
Bruges,  and  6  SE.  Sluys.  Lotig.  3.  17.  E. 
Lat.si.  18.  N, 

Ardcnelle,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Coimbetore.  24  miles  N.Dami- 
Gotta,  40  S.  Scringapatam.  Long.  76.  SS' 
E.  Lat.  11.53.  N. 

'Ardennes,  a  "foreft  of  Germany  and  Frar  ce, 
comprehending  all  the  country  between 
the  Meufe  and  the  Rhine,  or  according  to 
others,  all  between  the  Rhine  and  the  Scheldt; 
what  now  remains  is  fituated  principally  on 
both  fides  the  Meufe,  from  Montmedy  to 
Liege. 

Ardennes  t  a  department  of  France,  bound- 
ed on  the  north  Ijy  part  of  Hainau,  Liege, 
and  Luxemburg,  on  the  eaft  by  Luxem- 
burgand  the  department  oftheMeufe,  on  the 
fouth  by  the  department  of  the  Marne,  and 
on  the  weft  by  the  department  of  the  Ainfe; 
about  50  miles  from  north  to  fouth,  and  45 
from  eaft  to  weft.  It  is  the  north  part  of 
what  was  before  the  revolution  called  Cliam- 
pagne.     Mezieres  is  the  capital. 

/Irdenno,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Valteline. 
5  miles  NE.  Morbegno. 

Ardenfan,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
AladuHa.     38  miles  NW.  Arzingan. 

Ardenjkerry,  a  rock  in  the  No.th  Sea, 
near  the  ifland  of  North-Uift.  Long.  7.  20. 
W.  Lat.  ji.  4-  N. 

Arder,  fee  Ardra. 

Ardero,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     7  miles  S.  Gierace. 

Ardejh,  2l  town  of  Pcrfian  Armcnia,on 
the  Aras.    15  miles  S.  Erivan. 

Ardfcrt,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Kerry.  It  gives  title  to  a  bifliop,  wiiofe 
diocefe  extends  over  the  whole  county  of 
Kerry,  and  part  of  the  county  of  Cork.  It 
was  anciently  the  capital  of  the  county, 
with  an  univerflty  in  high  credit.  A  monas- 
tery was  founded  here  in  the  6i.h  century, 
which,  together  with  the  town,, was  burned 
"down  in  1089.  In  1 151,  it  was  again  burned 
by  Cormac  O'CuUen,  aud  again  in  11 79, 


A  R  D 

when  it  Is  fuppofed  the  old  abbey  was  en- 
tirely confumed.  In  1253,  ^''"^  \ox<\  of 
Kerry  founded  another  monaftery  for  Fran- 
cifcans,  of  which  th-ere  are  fome  remains. 
The  town  is  now  very  much  reduced;  yet 
before  the  union,  it  fcnt  two  members  to 
parliament.  The  fee  is  united  to  Limerick. 
4  miles  NmV.Tralefi. 

Ardgii,  or  Arfifch,  a  river  which  rifes  in 
the  mountains  between  \^'alachia  and  Tr;m- 
fylvania,  about  10  miles  SE.  Hermanftadt, 
paffes  by  Kordedeardl,  Pitefzt-,  liutroi,  Sec. 
and  runs  into  the  Danube  near  Mireni. 

Ardglafs,  a  feaport  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Down,  fituated  on  a  promontory 
which  projefls  into  the  Irifli  fea.  It  was 
formerly  a  place  of  ftrength  and  importance, 
but  at  preient  contains  little  veftiges  of 
ftrength  or  fplendour,  with  a  ruined  cliurch, 
and  but  few  houfes.  5  miles  SE.  Downpa- 
trick.     Long.  5.  29.  W.     Lat.  54.  15.  N. 

Ardia,  a  town  of  It.ily,  in  the  Canipagna 
di  Roma,  on  a  fmall  river,  near  the  Medi- 
terranean.    5  iv.iles  S.  Albano, 

Ardiere,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  theSa6ne,in  the  principality  of  Dombes. 

Ardlla,  a  river  which  rifes  in  Spain,  and 
empties  itfelf  into  the  Guadiana,  near  Mou- 
ra,   in  Portugal. 

Ardingay,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     20  miles  N.  Ongole. 

Ardingay,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ma^ 
rawar.     20  miles  SE.  Trumian. 

Ardjolee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
province  of  Allahabad.  15  _m.  S.  Sohajepour. 

ArdiSi  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  ofDiarbekir,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Tigris.     30  miles  NNW.  Diaibekir. 

ArdiJIan,  a  town  of  I'erlia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irak;  80  miles  NNE.  Ilpalian. 
Long.  53.  E.     Lat.  33.  20.  N. 

Ardivoran  Bead,  the  northern  extremity 
of  the  ifland  of  North  Uiff-  Long.  7.  20. 
W.     Zf?/.  57.41- N. 

Ardlen,  a  town  of  Abafcia.  44  miles 
WSW.  Anakopia. 

Ardinore,  a  leaport  town  of  Ireland,  in 
the  county  of  Waterford,  in  a  bay  to  whi:h 
it  gives  name.  This  is  faid  to  have  been  a 
bilhop's  fee;  and,  the  remains  of  two  churches 
are  yet  vifible.  Here  is  alfo  a  fine  round 
tower,  ICO  feet  high,  and  45  in  circumference. 
Smiles  SVr.  Dungarvon.  Zj//^.  7.  41.  E. 
Z.^?/.  35.57.  N. 

Ardmore  Head,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Skye.  Long.  6.  3S.  W. 
Lat.  s-i-  37'  N. 

Ardniore  Head,  a  cape  on  thefontli  coaft 
of  Ireland,  in  the  county  of  Waicrford. 
Long.  7.41.  E.     Lat.  51.  56.  N. 

ArdmurkejihhBay,  a  bay  on  the wefl  coaft 
of  Scotland.  Long.  ^.f,i,.\\[ .  Z^/.5  6.  2  8.N._. 

ArdnaglaJ),  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Ireland,  und  noiihern  coaft  of  the  county 


A  R^    ,  > 

oFSKgo.     6  miles  SW.  Sligo.    Long.%.z<^- 
W.    Lat.  54.  i6  N. 

Ardoisi  a  mourtaia  of  Nova-Scotia.     la 
Bilks  NW.  Halifax. 

Ardona,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Capitanata. 
32  miles  N.  Afcoli. 

Ardore,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     6  miles  S.  Gierace. 

Ardoii  D.tgbi,  a  mountain  of  Aiiatic  Tur- 
key, in  Caramania.     25  miles  S.Erekli. 

Ardra,  or  Arder,  a  town  of  Africa,  and 
capital  of  a  kingdom,  on  the  flave  coafi:.  The 
country  is  reprefented  as  extenfive,  popu- 
lous, and  fertile,  but  not  much  known.  It 
is  fituated  on  the  eafl  fide  of  the  Volta,  and 
the  air  is  efteemed  unwholcfomc  to  Euro* 
pears  ;  the  manners  of  the  inhabitants,  pro- 
ductions, &c.  are  fimilar  to  thole  of  Whidah. 
Long.  I.  52.  E.     Lat.  6.  36.  N. 

Ardre,  a  river  of  France,  which  joins  the 
Loire  at  Nantes. 

.  Ardres,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
inent  of  the  Straits  of  Calais.  It  was  taken 
bv  the  Spaniards  in  1596,  and  reftored  tv/o 
years  after  at  the  peace  of  Vervins.  Be- 
tween Ardres  and  Guines,  was  the  celebrated 
meeting  of  Henry  VIII.  of  England,  with 
Francis  I.  king  of  France,  in  1520.  a  polls 
SE.  Calais,  and  3  NW.  St.  Omer. 

Ardrci,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Puy  de  Dome,  on  a  fmall  river 
nthich  runs  into  the  Allier.     9  m.SW.IlToire. 

Ardrojfan,  a  parifii  of  Scotland,  in  which 
the  town  of  Saltcoats  is  fituated;  it  takes  its 
name  from  a  fmall  promontory  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  the  county  of  Ayr,  called  Ardrofl'an 
Point,  which  terminates  in  a  ridge  of  rocks 
running  into  the  lea,  12  miles  NNW.  Ayr. 
Long.  4.  39.  W.     Lat.  t^.  42.  N. 

ArdJlJx',  ice  Argick. 

Ardjlraiv,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  tlic  county 
of  Tyrone,  anciently  the  fee  of  a  bifhop. 
In  1 198,  the  tov/n  was  plundered,  and  the 
church  deftroyed,  by  Sir  John  de  Courcy. 
6  miles  S.  Strabane. 

Ate,  fee  Aire. 

Arebalo,  fee  Arevah. 

Arc'uico,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Porto 
Rico.     30  miles  from  the  town  of  St.  John. 

Aieho,  cr  Arbon,  a  town  of  Africa,  and 
capital  of  Benin,  large  and  well  peopled, 
en  the  river  Formola.  The  Englifli  and 
Dutch  have  fa(Eforics  here.  60  miles  from 
the  fea.   .Lo/.-g.s-  8.  E.  Lat.  5.  58.  N. 

Aieca,  fee  Larck. 

Arech,  or  Ilarench,  a  fortrcfo  or  caftlc  of 
Syria.  In  1 149,  it  was  taken  by  the  Saracens, 
and  foon  afur  retaken  by  Baldv.in  III.  king 
of  Jcruliilem.     \%  miles  from  Antioch, 

Arecke,  a  tov^n  of  South-America,  in  tlie 
province  of  Buenos-Ayrcs.  1 20  m.iles  N'^V. 
Biicnos-Ayrcs. 

Arecusa,  a  town  oT  jiip-n,  in  the  ifland  of 
Niphcn.     10  milci  W^.  Jcdo. 


ARE 

Ared,  (El,)  a  ridge  of  mountains,  which 
crols  Arabia  Deferta  from  NE.  to  SW. 

Aregy  or  Arrack,  a  town  of  Kindooftanj 
in  Vifiapour.    8  miles  ESE.  Merritch. 
Areck,  L\  fee  Larek. 
Arekea,  fee  Ark'iko. 

Ar ember gy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle,  late 
capital  of  a  dutchy  of  the  fame  name  in 
the  circle  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  fituated  on 
the  Ahr,  in  the  Eiffel.  The  principality 
was  erecfed  by  Maximilian  II.  in  favour  of 
John  de  Ligne,  lord  of  Barban^on,  who 
took  the  name  of  Arem.berg.  The  dutchy 
paid  48  florins  for  a  Roman  month,  and  81 
crov/ns  60  kreutzers  to  the  Imperial  cham- 
ber. At  the  fettling  of  the  indemnities  in 
1804,  at  Ratilbon,  it  was  decreed,  that  the 
Duke  fhould  receive  an  equivalent,  and  be 
introduced  into  the  college  of  princes.  60 
miles  SSW.  Bonn,  and  26  S.  Cologn.  Long, 
6.  44.E.    Z./3/.  50.  32.  N. 

Arena,  a  river  of  Sicily,  which  runs  into 
the  fea  near  the  town  of  Mazara. 

Arc?iay  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     16  miles  E.Nicotera. 

Arenal,  a  tov.'n  of  South-America,  in  the 
government  of  Tucuman.  66  miles  N.  St, 
Miguel  de  Tucuraan. 

Arendonck,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Two  Nethes.  6  miles  E. 
Turnhout,  and  12  NE.Herentals. 

Arendfce,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  Old 
IMark  of  Brandenburg,  on  the  fide  of  a  lake, 
formed  by  an  earthquake  in  811.  18  miles 
NW.  Stcndal,  10  NE.  Salzwedel.  Long, 
11.  },$.  E.     Lat.  52.  47.  N. 

Arenoe,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North  Sea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Norway.     Lat.  70.  6.  N, 

Arens,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on 
the  coaft.     24  miles  NE.  Barcelona. 

ylrensherg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Weftphalia,  v/ith  a  calile,  the 
capital  of  a  county,  heretofore  incorporated 
Avith  the  electorate  of  Cologn.  It  is  fituated 
on  the  Rficr,  and  is  divided  into  the  old  and 
new  town.  48  miles  NE.  Cologn,  and  40 
SSE.Munftcr.  Lc7ig.2>.T.'E.  Lat. 51.23.1^. 
Arensherg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Schauenberg.  5  miles  N.  Rlnteln. 
Arensherg,  a  fcaport  town  of  Ruflia,  fitu- 
ated on  the  ifiand  of  Ezel,  in  the  Baltic. 
96  miles  SW.  Revel. 

Arensherg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Mecklenburg.  7  miles  NW. 
Furftenbcrg,  8  S.  Slrelitz. 

Arensherg,  a  town  of  Holftein.  16  miles 
NE.  Ham.burg. 

Arenshcek,  a  town  of  Holftein.  12  miles 
NW.  Lubcck,  8  SSW.  Eutln. 

Arenjhvalde,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Ncv/  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  94  miles  NE. 
Berlin,  50  NNE.  Kulf  rin.  Lcng.  15.  29.  E. 
Lat.  53.  14.  N, 


A  k  P 


A  R  G 


Arcnfts,  two  fmall  iflands  in  the  Eaftern 
Indian  fea.    Long.ii^.ii.V..  Lat. 5.  i^'S. 

AreHufa,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     16  miles  W.  St.  Severina. 

Arequipay  a  diftridl  of  Peru.  The  climate 
is  good,  and  the  land  fertile,  and  always 
covered  with  grain  and  rich  verdure;  the 
abundant  paftures  fupport  great  quantities 
of  cattle.  The  principal  towns  are  Arequipa 
and  Aranta. 

Arequipa,  a  town  or  city  of  Peru,  the  fee 
of  a  bilhop,  erefted  in  1609.  The  town 
was  founded  by  Francis  Pizarro.  The  houfes 
are  well  built,  and  the  number  of  inhabitants 
computed  at  40,000.  Near  it  is  a  volcano, 
and  the  country  is  fubjedl  to  frequent  earth- 
quakes; but  this  evil  feems  tdbe  overbalanced 
by  the  mildnefs  of  the  climate,  and  the  beauty 
and  fertility  of  the  country  round  about. 
180  miles  S.  Cufco,  340  NW.  La  Plata. 
Long.  71.  48.  W.     Lat.  16.  30.  S. 

Ares,  a  town  in  the  county  of  Tyrol.  1 1 
miles  S W.  Tyrol. 

Arefche,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Jura.     6  miles  E.  Arbois. 

Aresgol,  fee  Arzenv. 

Arefkula,  a  town  ot  Sweden,  in  Jamtland. 
50  miles  NW.  Frofon. 

Arevaliib,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs 
into  the  Adaja,  a  little  above  Arevalo. 

Arevalo,  or  Arebalo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Old-Caftile,  on  the  confines  of  Leon,  be- 
tween the  rivers  Adaja  and  Arevalillo.  18 
miles  SE.  Medina  del  Campo. 

Arevalo,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
illand  of  Panay.  Long.  122.  40.  E.  Lat. 
10.  45-N. 

Arozlho,  a  town  in  the  ifland  of  Porto 
Rico.     9  miles  from  St.  John. 

Arczzo,  a  town  of  Etruria,  the  fee  of  a 
bifliop,  fufFragan  of  the  archbifhop  of  Flo- 
rence, but  exempt  from  his  jurifdiiJtion.  In 
the  time  of  the  Romans,  it  v/as  a  place  of 
confiderable  trade  ;  and  when  Scipio  paU'ed 
into  Africa,  this  town  fupplied  hi;:  army  with 
120,000  bufhels  of  wheat.  In  i8oi,anirre- 
gular  army  of  Tufcan  infurgents,  among 
whom  the  people  oi  this  town  particularly 
diilinguifhed  themrdves  for  their  hatred  of 
the  French,  was  defeated  by  the  ttcops  of 
the  Republic,  the  town  was  taken  by  alfault, 
and  a  great  number  o{  the  inhabitants  put 
to  the  Avord.  25  miles  ENE.  Sienna,  and 
34  SE.  Florence.  Long.  11.  50.  E.  Lat. 
4>  28.  N. 

Arfadag,  a  mountain  of  Arabia,  much 
vericratcd  bv  the  Muflulmen,  as  the  fpot 
where  Abraham  went  to  offer  up  his  Ion 
Ifaac:  they  fay  too,  that  the  Angel  Gabriel 
tirft  appeared  to  their  proph.et  on  this  Ipot. 
30  miles  from  Medina. 
'  Arf:va,  one  of  the  fni^ller  Shetlandidands, 
near  the  Ibuth  coaft  of  Yell.  Long.  1.20. 
W.     jLtf/.  60.47.  N. 


Arfnalle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de'part- 
mcnt  of  the  Allier.  12  raiics  E.  Culfct,  and 
12  S.  Donjon. 

Afoits  Jerfoi,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  in  the 
Lapmark  of  Pitea.     60  miles  W.  Pitea. 

Arga,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  rifes  in  Na- 
varre, and  runs  into  the  Aragon,  near  Pcralta. 

Arga  Taghi,  mountains  of  Afia,  between 
Great  and  Little  Bukharia. 

Argana,  or  Argeenah,  a  town  of  Afiatic 
Turkey,  and  capitrdof  a  principality  of  die 
fame  name,  in  the  government  of  Diarbekir, 
fituated  on  a  mountain  abounding  v^ith  me- 
tallic ores,     so  miles  NW.  Diarbekir. 

Argana,  a  town  of  Turkifh  Armenia,  i? 
miles  SSW.  Erzerum. 

Argaficy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mofelle.  9  m.  S.  Tiiionville, 
and  5  N.  Metz. 

Arganda,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New-Caftile. 
12  miles  SE.  Madrid. 

Arganil,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  prc- 
vince  of  Beira.     16  miles  E.  ci;imo;.i. 

Argao,  a  town  on  the  eail  coaft  of  Sibu. 
Long.  123.39.  E.     Lat.  10.  18.  N. 

ArgaroJJ'ii,  a  river  of  Savoy,  which  runs 
into  the  Here,  3  miles  NW.  Monftier. 

Argajth,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Simbirfls;,  64  miles  WSW.  Sim- 
buik.     i-57;j?-.  46.  44.  E.     Lat.^s-N. 

Atgau,  lee  /hgoiv. 

Arge,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  on  tlie 
Tigris.     1 70  miles  N W.  Bali'ora. 

Arge,  a  river  of  Lithuanian  Pruffa,v/hicll 
runs  into  the  Nemonin,  4  m.  NW.  Wipe. 

Argeles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-* 
ment  of  the  E:iftern  Pyrenees,  near  the  Me- 
diterranean Sea.     12  miles  S.  Perpignm. 

Argellez,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftriJl,  in  the  department  of  the 
Higher  Pyrenees.  20  miles  SSE.Pau.  Lo?jg, 
0.3.  W.     Z^i".  43.N. 

Argen,  a  river  of  Swribia,  which  rifes  ia 
two  branches,  ab-jut  7  miles  N.  Conftance, 
and  runs  iiito  -he  lake,  5  '■'■iles  E.  Buchow. 

Argenret,  a  tovv^n  of  France,  in  the  dtpart- 
men  of  the  Calvados.  15  miko  W.  Lifieux, 
and  7  ESE.  Caen. 

Argenfels,-^  town  and  caftle  of  Germany, 
in  the  circle  of  the  Lower  Rhine.  17  miles 
NNW.  Coblentz, 

Argent ,  or  ylrgerJz,  a  river  of  France, 
which  runs  into  the  il-:\  near  Frejiis. 

Argent,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  tiie  depart- 
ment of  the  Cher.  12  miles  W.  Chatillon 
liir  Loire,  hi  d  4.  N.  Aubigny. 

Argenta,  a  river  of  AlbaPia,  v/hich  runs 
into  the  Adriatic,  6  miles  N.  Burazzo. 

Argentac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Cvrrezc.     12  ra.  SE.  Tulle. 

Argen.tan,  a  town  of  Fnmce,  and  princi- 
pal place  of  a  diftri'^l,  in  the  dcparvment  of 
the  O.-ne.  12  miles  S.  Faiaife,  and  18  N. 
Alen^on.     Long.  o.  3.  E.  Lat.  48.  44.  N. 


A  R  G 

Ar^entaro.  a  mountain  of  Bulgaria.     30 

miles'N.  Nifla. 

Argenti^aii,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partm^ent  of  the  Ouvte,  hue  in  thedutchy  of 
Limburg.  In  16345  it  was  taken  by  the  Spa- 
niards.    6  miles  W.  Dalem. 

Argenteidli  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Seine  and  Oife.  8  miles 
NW.  Paris. 

Argenteiul,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Yonne.     8  m.  S.  Tonnerre- 

Argent taly  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle,  formerly 
belonging  to  the  dutchy  of  Simmern.  40 
miles  E.Treves,  and  4  SE.  Simmern.  Long. 
7.  2>5-  E-     Lat.  49.  58.  N. 

ArgeJitiera,  an  ifland  in  the  Grecian  Ar- 
chipebgo,  anciently  called  Cinolis,  and  by 
the  modern  Greeks  K'lmoli.  The  appella- 
tion of  Argentiere,  or  Argentiera,  it  obtain- 
ed from  the  French  corfairs,  who  frequented 
it  on  account  of  its  lilver  mines,  not  wrought 
for  fear  or  the  Turks.  It  is  about  18  miles  in 
circumference,  and  feparated  from  Milo  by 
a  narrow  ftrait.  The  fice  of  the  country  is 
rockv,  and  the  foil  for  the  moft  part  barren. 
Some  fields  of  rye  and  cotton  arefeen,  with 
a  few  vines,  olive  and  mulberry  trees.  The 
inhabitants  are  taxed  by  the  Porte  at  15,000 
or  T  6,000  piaftres,  which  they  have  great  dif- 
ficulty to  raife.  Long.  24.  42.  E.  Lat.  36. 
47.  N. 

Argentiera,  a  town  oi^  Italy,  in  the  Cado- 
rin.     II  miles  NNW.  Cadora. 

Argentiere,  ( U )  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Higher  Alps,  on  the  Du- 
rance.    9  miles  N.  Mont  Dauphin. 

Argoitine,  or  Argentiere,  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  Mont  Blanc, 
near  the  Arc.  16  miles  ESE.  Chambcry, 
13  miles  N.  St.  Jean  de  Maurienne. 

Argentina,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra,  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines.  10  milts 
SW.  Bifignano. 

Argenton,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diHriift,  in  the  department  of  the 
Indre,  on  the  Creule  15  miles  SSW.Cha- 
teauroux,  and  18  W.  la  Chatre.  Long.  i. 
25.  E.     Lat.  46.  35.  N. 

Argenton  le  Chutean,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Two  Sevres,and 
dlftiict  ofThouars.  20  miles  N.  Partenay, 
and  8  W.  I'Jiouars.  Long.  o.  z-^.W.  Lut. 
46.  59.  N. 

Argenton  Ics  Egl/fes,  a  town  of  France, 
i-i  the  department  of  the  Two  Sevres.  4 
miles  N.  Thouars,  and  8  miles  NE.  Argen- 
ton Ic  Chateau. 

Argeutc  fur  Laval,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Mayenne.  4  miles  E. 
Laval. 

Argcntcfous  Vitre,  a  town  of  France,  in 
'the  department  of  the  Ille  and  ViUaine.     7 
miles  I^JN£.  la  Oacrchc. 


A  R  G 

Argieh,  or  Ardfche,  a  town  of  the  Arabi- 
an Irak,  on  the  Euphrates.     25  m.  N.  Sura. 

Argilly,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cote  d'Or.     15  miles  S.  Dijon. 

Argiro  Caliro,  or  Ad>  ian:pk,  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Epiro,  on  the  VojulTa, 
anciently  called  Antigonia.  45  miles  SE. 
Valona.    Long.  20.i<).E.    /-:?/.  40. 15. N. 

Argiro  Ca/Iro,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  Livadia.  27  miles  NNW.  Lepanto. 
Long.  21.  42.  E.     Lat.  38.  58.  N. 

Argis,  a  mountain  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in 
Caramania,  a  little  to  the  north  of  Kaifaria. 

Argifch,  a  town  of  Walachia,  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Tranfylvania.  50  miles  SE.  Her- 
manftadt,  and  45  W.  Tergovitza. 

Argifch,  a  town  of  Curdiflan,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Van,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  on 
the  north  coaft  of  Lake  Van.  45  miles  NW 
Van,  and  140  SE.  Erzerum.  Long.  43. 10. 
E.     Lat.  38.  :,s-  N.       _ 

Argite,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Engia, 
near  the  coafl:  of  Greece.  16  miles  E.  En- 
gia.    Long  23.  54.  E.     Lat.  37.  42.  N. 

Arglas,  a  town  of  Ireland,  on  the  eafl 
coafl  of  the  county  of  Down.  6  miles  SE. 
Dovv^npatrick. 

Argkre,  a  town  of  Ilindooffan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     16  miles  SW.  Tiagar. 

Argo,  (anciently  Argos,)  a  town  of  Tur- 
key, in  the  Morea,  once  the  capital  of  a 
kingdom  in  the  Peloponnefus,  faid  to  have 
been  founded  as  early  as  the  time  of  Abra- 
ham. It  was  taken  by  Cleomenes  king  of 
Sparta,  and  by  Philip  king  of  Macedon.  In 
the  third  century  it  was  burned  by  theHeridi. 
After  the  fall  of  the  Roman  empire  it  follow- 
ed the  fate  of  the  Morea,  and  was  taken  from 
the  Venetians  by  the  Turks  under  Mahomet 
JI.  It  is  much  reduced  from  its  ancient 
fplendour,  but  ftill  the  fee  of  a  Greek  bifhop, 
and  defended  by  a  citadel.  20  miles  S.  Co- 
rinth, and  64  SSE.  Lepanto.  Lo7ig.  22.47. 
E.     L^/.  37.  48  N. 

Argol,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-" 
ment  of  Finifterre.  6  miles  NW.  Chateau- 
Iln,  and  16  N.  Quimper. 

Argon,  fee  Fornicfa. 

Argotida,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     20  miles  NW.  Chittoor. 

Argonne,  a  country  of  France,  before  the 
revolution  about  64-  miles  in  length,  between 
the  r.Ieufe,  the  Marne,  and  the  Aifne ;  St. 
Mcnehold  was  the  capital. 

Argojioli,  a  feaport  in  the  ifland  of  Cepha- 
lonia,  and  the  beff  in  the  illand,  the  reddence 
of  a  proveditor;  the  port  is  large,  but  the 
anchorage  not  firm.  8  miles  WSW.  Ce- 
phalonia. 

/Irgongcs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  tiie  Channel.  i2m.S.Avranches. 

Argo^v,  or  Argau,  a  country  of  SwifTer- 
lard,  fituated  on  the  river  Aar,  including  a 
conliderable  part  of  the  cantou  of  Berne.  It 


A  R  G 


A  R  G 


was  confifcated  to  that  ft-ate,  by  the  excom-  the  crown,  in  1740  and'  1741.    About  6 

munication  of  Frederick  duke  of  Aultria,  miles  SE.  of  this  place  is  a  mountain  of  beau- 

and  (ince  confirmed  by  his  fucceflbrs.  tiful  preen  jafper,  but  io  mixed  with  com- 

y/r^«,  atownofSyria.  5  m.  SE.Damafcus.  men  rtone,  that  it  is  rare  to  find  any  large 

ylrgucdas,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  piece  quite  tranfparcnt,  and  without  flaws. 

7  miles  from  Tudclla.  _  In  the  neighbourmg  wafte  are  fevcral  fait 

y/r^^t"//,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-  lakes,  one   of  which  is  upwards  of  three 

mcnt  of  the  Lower  Seine.     18  miles  NE.  verlfs  in  circumference,  and  produces  great 

Rouen,  9  WNW.  Gournay.  quantities  of  good  common  fait,  which  floats 

y^r^'-?//'/;,  an  idand  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  on  the  furftce  of  its  water.     130  miles  E« 

coaft  of  Scnegambia,  30  miles  SE.from  Cape  Ncrtfchinflc.  Long.  i2o.i/i.E.Laf.so.so.'N. 


Blanco.  It  was  difcovered  by  the  Portu- 
guefe,  who  built  a  fort  here  in  1444.  It  has 
a  conilderable  bay  and  a  fort.  Lo7:g.  16.  20. 
W.  J^at.  20.  2.1.  N. 

Argiaiy  or  ylrgunin,  or  Ergonc,  a  river 
which  riles  from  a  take  in  Chineie  Tartary, 
called  Coulon  Nor  or  Dalai,  fituated  lo/i'^. 


Argy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Indre.     10  miles  E.  Chatillon. 

Argyie,  a  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
foulh-weft  coaft,    22  miles  W.  Shclburn. 

Argyle,  a  town  of  New-York,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Hudfon. 

ArgyleJIjire,  or  county  of  I  fiver  my,  a  ma- 


419.  14.  E.  lat.  49.  and  joins  the  Amur  in    ritime  county  of  Scotland,  bounded  oh  the 


iong.  131. 14.  E.  lat.  s^:-  This  river  forms  the 
boundaries  of  the  Ruffian  and  Chinefc  em- 
pires, accordingto  the  treaty  of  Nertfchinf]-:: 
in  this  river  there  is  a  good  pearl  fifiicry,  and 
feveral  filvcr  mines  near  its  banks. 

Argtmjkoi,  atownofRuffia,  in  the  go- 
vernment ofIrktun<,  on  the  confines  of  Chi- 
na. The  fartheft  fort  of  the  Ruffians  to- 
wards the  eaft,  on  the  Mongalian  frontiers 


north  by  the  county  of  Invcrnefs,  on  the  eaft 
by  the  counties  of  Perth  and  Dumbarton,  on 
the  fouth  by  the  Irilh  Sf  a  and  the  Frith  of 
Clyde,  a'nd  on  the  weft  by  the  Caledonian 
orNorth-Adaniic;  about  1 12 milesin  length, 
and  42  in  breadth.  It  is  divided  into  fix  dif- 
trids,  Kintyre,  Cowal,  Morven,  Knapdale, 
Lorn,  and  Argyie  Proper.  It  Vv'as  anciently 
c\.i]\QdiArgathalia.,-A.vAm7idiQ.  a  part  of  the  Ca- 


firft  built  in  1682,  on  the  eaft  bank  of  tb.e  Icdonian  kingdom;  while  the  greateft  part 
Argvtn,  for  the  convenience  of  levying  the  of  Scotland  was  fubjeft  to  the  Romans  and 
tribute  payable  by  the  Tungufians,  who  in-  the  Pids.  It  was  greatly  infefted  by  free- 
habit  thefe  parts;  but  rebuilt  in  1689,  on  the  hooters;  the  deeds  of  Fingal  and  his  heroes 
weft  fide  ot  that  river.  It  is  wellgarrifoned;  are  chiefly  confined  to  this  fpot,  and  many 
and  carries  on  a  confiderablc  trade  with  the  memorials  of  antiquity  bear  teftimony  to  the 
Mongals.  The  country  round  it  is  very  fer-  warlike  fpirit  of  its  inhabitants.  In  this  dil- 
tile,  and  the  air  healthy;  but  fo  cold,  that  trid  the  feudal  fyftcm  remained  longeft 
even  in  fummer  the  earth  in  many  places  is  unchanged.  The  ambition,  the  wants,  or 
rot  thawed  above  two  or  three  feet  below  the  quarrels  of  a  chief,  were  fufficient  to  em- 
the  furface.  The  territory  of  Argunfic  is  broil  the  neighbourhood  in  war.  In  thefe 
frequendy  vifited  with  flight  fliocks  of  an  difputes  the  weakeft  party  was  obliged  to 
earthquake  in  the  fpring  and  about  the  be-  fubmit,  till  time  or  opportunity  enabled  him 
ginning  of  winter;  and  its  inhabitants,  be-  to  take  the  field  againft  his  antagonift.  At 
iides  the  venereal  difeafe,  with  which  both  this  time  Argylefhire  feemed  by  no  means 
young  and  old  of  both  fexes  are  miferably  to  form  a  part  of  what  may  be  properly 
fuTii^ted,  are  very  fubject  to  epilepfies.  The  called  the  kingdom  of  Scotland.  The 
Chinefe  erefl:  new  pillars  every  year  on  the  Macdonalds  of  the  Ifles,  having  fubdued  the 
eaftcrn  bank  of  tlie  Argun,  to  mark  the  neighbouring  chieftains  by  their  powerful 
limits  of  their  frontiers.  Not  far  from  A r-  clan,  aflumed  regal  authority,  held  parlia- 
gunflv  are  the  Argunfl<ian,  or,  as  they  are  nients,  and  enadted  laws.  Robert  Bruce 
ibmetimes  called,  the  Nertfchii-lkian  JTilver  king  of  Scotland,  upon  his  being  eftabliflied 
mines.  The  fnielting-houfes  belonging  to  upon  the  throne,  endeavoured  to  bring  them, 
them  ftandon  the  little  river  Tufatki.  The  under  fubordination.  He  travelled  into  that 
ore  does  not  lie  deep,  though  it  is  found  in  p;irtof  his  dominions,  fubdued  the  rebellious 
maflcs  or  ftrata ;  nor  does  any  great  profit  clans,  and  curbed  their  dilpofition  to  pbn- 


arife  from  thefe  mines,  which,  however,  an 
fwer  the  expence  of  working  them.  One 
pound  of  fine  fi'iver,  extracted  from  this  ore, 
contains  the  value  of  two  ducats  and  a  half 
of  fine  g'>ld,  which  has  a  beautiful  colour. 


der,  by  building  fortrefics,  and  placing  in 
them  llrong  garrifons.  From  this  time  the 
tlannilh  attachment  began  to  flucken.  The 
Highlanders  were  employed  in  Erglifli  wars, 
and  the  chieftains  taxed  their  dependants  to 


and  is  exceidingly  malleable.     Twenty-fix  procure  the  luxuries  ofthe  low  country,  ;ind 

hundred  and  Ibme  odd  pounds  of  pure  (ilver,  to  defray  the  expence   of  attending  upon 

and  twenty-leven  pounds  of  fine  gold,  both  their  fbvereign.     Thi3  innovation,   and  the 

which  were  the  produce  of  this  mine,  were  new  mode  of  life  which  w;is  introduced,  dif- 

delivered  in  at  St.  Pewrfourg,  for  the  ule  of  folvcd  the  ties  of  friea.ilhip;  and  to  entorec 
Vol.  I.                                                  K 


ARI- 

ebedience  it  became  requifite  to  haverecourfe 
to  penal  laws.  Thus  was  the  feudal  dclpo- 
tifm  eilablilhed,  which  enabled  every  baron 
to  punidi  his  vaffals  at  his  picafure,  without 
trial  and  without  redrefs.  To  remedy  this 
flagrant  evil,  juries  were  afterwards  intro- 
duced; but  the  influence  of  the  chief  was 
fufficient  to  bias  their  condud:.  In  iliort,  till 
parliament  reformed  this  defpotic  fvtlem,  in 
1748,  by  aboliihing  thefe  abominable  juris- 
dictions, gibbets  were  eresilcd  on  almoil 
every  eilate,  on  v/hich  the  vaifals  were  exe- 
cuted without  reniorfe.  Since  thereforma- 
tion  of  thefe  abuies,  the  WelLcrn  Highlands, 
and  Argylefhire  in  particular,  arc  wonder- 
fully improved.  Protection  to  property, 
and  liberty  to  the  vaffal,  has  introduced  that 
emulation  in  induftry_  and  agricultural  im- 
provement, which  will  ultimately  render 
Argvielbire  perhaps  one  of  the  mofl  valuable 
provinces  of  the  Britifii  empire.  The  fur- 
face  of  this  county  is,  like  the  other  parts  of 
the  Highlands,  mountainous,  bleak,  and  un- 
comfortable to  the  view,  covered  v/ith  heath, 
and  in  fome  places  exliibiting  rugged  and 
bare  rocks,  piled  on  one  another  in  dreadful 
diforder.  The  coaft  is  rocky ;  but,  Indented 
with  navigable  bays  and  lakes,  it  affords 
fafer  harbours  for  ftii'ppingThe lakes  ;ibound_- 
ing  with  myriads  of  ti!h,  the  mountains  af- 
fording pafture  to  numerous  herds  of  black 
cattle  and  Ibccp,  the  heaths  with  game,  and 
the  bowels  of  the  earth  teeming  with  the 
wealth  of  copper,  iron,  and  lead  mines;  we 
may  anticipate,  at  no  great  diftance,  the 
time  when  Argylefliire  will  become  a  great 
commercial  county.  But  notwithltanding 
thefe  advantages,  the  Kiglilands  labour  un- 
der many  great  obflacles  to  improvement. 
A  number  of  iflands  are  attached  to  this 
county,  of  which  the  chief  are  Tyrie,  Coll, 
Mull,Iila,  Jura,  Staffa,  Icohn-kill,  &c.  which 
willbefeverallydejcribed  under  each  article. 
ArgyJe  gives  the  title  of  Duke  and  Earl  to 
the  chief  of  the  family  of  Campbell,  one  of 
■the  moft  powerful  of  the  Scottifli  nobiHty. 
The  county  is  moftly  peopled  with  this  clan  ; 
and  many  gentlemen  have  feats  who  count 
themfclves  allied  to  tlv;  duke.  Argylefliire 
lends  one  member  to  ParlirLmcnt,  who  is 
generally  a  near  relation  of  the  Duke.  The 
valued  rent  of  the  county  is  149,595!.  10s. 
.Scots,  and  the  real  rent  ii-z, 752!.  fterling. 
in  I  Sol,  the  number  of"  inhabitants  was 
71,859,  of  which  4196  v/ere  eniployed  in 
trade  and  manul'aduresj  and  19,188  in 
ag'.iculturc. 

Arhcpk.,  or  ylrhnng,  or  /Irhufigrerai,  a 
town  of  Balk,  on  the  Harrat.  42  miles  NE. 
Balk. .  Long.  66.  40.  E.     Lnt.  37.  N. 

Arhev.^,  a  river  of  Algiers,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Shcllif,  7  niiles  W.  Mejerdah. 

Ari,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Citra. 
J  niiJes  SE.  Civita  di  Chieti. 


ARI 

Aria,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  tlie  ifland  of 
Ximo.     18  miles  SSE.  Nangafaki. 

Ariaria,  a  town  or  village  of  Afiica,  near 
Tunis,  where  are  the  remains  of  a  magnifi- 
cent aquedu(5t. 

Aria?icop(Wg,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
the  Carnatic.     3  miles  S.  Pondicherrv. 

Ariaao,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Po,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Po,  24  miles  NE.  Ferrara. 

Aria?w,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Princi- 
pato  Ultra,  built  upon  the  uneven  fummit  of 
a  mountain,  with  an  exteniivc  look-out  on 
all  fides;  but  expofed  to  every  blafl  that 
blows.  It  does  not  appear  to  be  fo  old  as 
the  time  of  the  Romans,  therefore  may  be 
fuppofed  to  owe  its  rife  to  the  demolition 
of  fome  neighbouring  town,  and  to  the  ad- 
vantages its  iituation  afforded  for  difcovery 
and  defence.  It  is  but  a  poor  place,  with- 
out trade  or  manufactures,  having  declined 
ever  fjncc  the  defolation  cauled  by  an  earth- 
quake in  the  year  1456.  It  reckons  about 
14,000  inhabitants,  and  no  lefs  than  twenty 
parifti  churches  and  convents,  befldes  an  ill- 
endowed  cathedral.  The  v/ine  of  Ariano  is 
pale,  like  red  champagne,  which  it  alfo  re- 
fl'mbles  In  a  certain  tartnefs,  exceedingly  re- 
frefhing  in  hot  v/eather.  Below  the  tov/n 
is  a  Dominican  convent,  which  within 
the  laft  hundred  years  has  been  thrice  re- 
built, after  being  thrown  to  the  ground  by 
eartliquakes.  The  laff  and  moft  deflru*5iive 
happened  in  the  year  1732,  fatal  to  all  the 
country  that  lies  along  tlie  eaftern  verge  of 
the  Apennines.  In  order  to  fecure  a  retreat, 
in  cafe  of  future  accidents,  which  from  their 
fituation  they  have  every  reafon  to  expcft, 
thefe  fathers  have  conftru6ted  a  Ifnall  build- 
ing of  wood,  the  parts  of  v/hich  being  join- 
ed together  with  lirong  iron  chains,  are 
contrived  lb  as  to  have  a  proper  play;  and 
by  yielding  to  the  ofcillatory  motion  of  the 
earth,  return  eafily  to  their  equilibrium.  15 
miles  E.  Benevento,  43  NE.  Naples.  Lciig. 
15.  E.     Z^?/.  41.8.  N. 

Ar'ica,  a  feaport town  of  PerU;  and  capital 
of  ajurifdiciion  in  the  diocefc  of  ArequiiTa, 
with  a  good  harbour,  open  to  the  Pacific 
Ocean ;  in  this  port  the  lilvcr  from  the  mines 
of  Potofi  is  Hiipped  for  Europe.  In  the  be- 
ginning of  the  year  1578,  Sir  Francis  Drake 
entered  the  bay,  and  made  a  prize  of  up- 
wards of  forty  bars  of  lilvcr,  each  weighing 
twenty  pounds.  Near  it  is  a  mountain  of 
rock-falt,  great  quantities  of  whicli  are  dug 
and  lent  to  all  parts  of  the  coaft.  210  miles 
NW.  La  Plata.  Long.  70.  26.  W.  Lai. 
18.  26.  S. 

Aricara,7\.  town  ofBrafil,  on  the  Xingi. 
90  miles  WSV7.  Para. 

Aricari,  a  river  of  Guiana,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Atlantic,  Long,  s-i-  46.  W.  Lat. 
.  ao.  N. 


A  R  I 


A  R  L 


Aricuru,  a  town  of  Brafil,  In  the  govern- 
ment of  Para,  on  the  Guanapu.  IZ5  miles 
WSW.  Para. 

Aridajia,  a  town  of  Arabia.  lo  miles 
SW.  Mecca. 

Androv.g^  or  Ancifongi  a  town  of  Afia,  in 
the  country  of  Thibet,  j^z  m.N.  Catman- 
du.     J-cag.  84.45.  E.     I.af.  29.  50. N. 

Arlelorc,  a  town  of  Hindooltan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     20  miles  N.  Tanjore. 

Arieri,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Adriatic,  near 
the  coaft  of  Italy.     9  miles  N.  Venice. 

Arief!Z7,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince cfLavora.  14  miles  KE.  Naples. 

Arjeplogt  a  tov^n  of  Swedilli  Lapland. 
105  miles  WNW.  Pitea.  Long.  17.  30.  Ej 
Lat.  65.57.  N. 

Arigas.,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  Su- 
matra.    jL?;/^.  96.  19.  E.     Lat.  2,.  ^-.f).!^, 

Arignn,  iron  mines  and  v/orks  of  Ireland, 
in  the  county  of  Leitvim,  near  Lough-Allen. 
14  miles  SE.  Sligo. 

Arignano,  a  town  of  Etruria,  on  the  river 
Arno,  between  Florence  and  Arezzo. 

Ar'ig/jay,  a  tov.n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper-Garonne.  15  miles  W. 
Rieiix,  and  9  NNE.  S.  Gaudens. 

Arima,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  a  country  of 
the  fame  name.  Long.  129.  24.  E.  Lat. 
31.45.N. 

Arinkill,  fee  Warangols. 

Arhithosi  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Jura.     7  miles  S.  Orgelet. 

Arkla,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Princlpato 
Ultra.     14  miles  WSW.  Benevento. 

Arjona,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Andaluiia,  on  the  Rio  Frio.  6  miles  S. 
Andujar. 

Aric'v.'jra,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  Lap- 
mark  of  Tornea.  Long.  25.  34.  E.  Lat. 
69.  3c.  N. 

Aripo,  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  the  weft 
coaft.     80  miles  NNW.  Candi. 

Aris,  a  town  of  Prullia,  in  the  province  of 
Natangen.  1 7  miles  SW.  Lick,  86  SE.  Ko- 
nigftierg.  Long.  22.  13.  E.  Lat.  53.37.  N. 

Ari/ida,  a  townof  Hindooftan,  in  Myfore. 
40  miles  E.  Chinna-Balabarum. 

Arijh,  (El J  a  town  of  Egypt,  near  a 
gulf  of  the  Mediterranean,  to  which  it  gives 
name,  in  the  road  from  Catieh  to  Gaza. 
This  place  is  famous  for  the  furrender  of  the 
French  army  to  the  Bri:ifli  andTurks,  chiefly 
under  the  conduct  of  Sir  Sidney  Smith.  The 
terms  of  the  capitulation,  from  fome  circum- 
ftance  or  other,  were  not  agreed  to;  and  the 
French  remained  in  Egypt  for  fome  time 
after.  36  miles  SE.  Gaza,  and  158  NW. 
Cairo.     Long.  32.  10.  E.    Lat.  31. 4.  N. 

Arifniincra,  a  town  of  Syria.  12  miles 
N.  Hamah. 

Arifpe,  a  town  of  New-Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  New  Navarre.  160  miles  SSE. 
•Cafa  Grande,     /..r.'.  30.  .30.  N. 


Arltzar,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  iu 
Bulgaria.     10  miles  S.  Viddin. 

Arjusgunge,  a  town  of  Bengal.  7  miles 
ENE.  Curruckpour. 

Arjuzan,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Landes.     11  miles  N.  Tartas. 

Ariza,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon.  14 
miles  W.  Calaiaiud. 

Arka,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Ala- 
dulia.  21  miles  W.  Malatia,  and  70  NE, 
JSIarafch. 

Arkadinjkaia.,  a  town  of  Ruffian  Tartary, 
in  the  country  of  the  Kol^icks,  on  the  river 
Medveditza.  240  m.ilcs  NE.  Azoph,  and 
124  SW.  Saratov.  Long.  43.  4.  E.  Lat. 
SO.  10.  N. 

Arkaveh,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
the  government  of  Trebifond,  on  the  Black. 
Sea.    35  miles  ENE.  Rizeh. 

Arkavia,  or  Arxavia,  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  W"alachia,  on  the  borders 
of  Tranfylvania.  18  miles  SSE.  Hermanftadt. 

Arkel,  a  town  of  Holland,  on  the  Ling, 
whicli  gives  name  to  a  diitricfl.  3  miles  N, 
Gorcum. 

Ai  ki,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Golconda, 
20  miles  ESE.Calherga. 

Arklko,  or  Arkeeko,  or  Areekca,  or Erklk^, 
afeaport  of  Abyilinia,  on  t!ie  Red  Sea,  litu- 
ated  at  the  bottom  of  the  bay  of  Mafuah. 
Lojig.  39.  45.  E.  Lat.  15.  32.  N. 

Arkingartkdah',  a  town  of  Eng'nnd,  in  the 
North  Riding  of  Yorkfliire.  8  miles  N, 
Afl<rigg, 

Arkit-kan,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Caramania.     i3  miles  E.  Akfliehr. 

Arkhiu,  a  feaport  tov/n  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Wicklow,  with  a  haibour  for 
fmall  veflels.  In  May,  1798,  this  town  was 
attacked  and  partly  deftroyed  by  tlie  in- 
furgents,  who  were,  however,  difperfed  with 
great  lofs ;  and  they  were  again  defeated 
near  the  town  on  the  loth  of  June.  12  miles 
S.  Wicklow.  Long.  6.  W.  Lat.  52.  48.  N. 

Arkloiu  Bank,  fjnd-banks  in  l!ie  Irifti  Sea, 
about  10  miles  in  length,  but  hardly  one  in 
breadth  :  5  miles  frum  the  coaft  of  Ireland, 
the  tovvn  of  Arklow  being  nearly  oppofite 
the  centre. 

Arle,  2l  town  of  Germa'^v,  in  the  bi- 
fliopric  of  Salzburg,  10  miles  SW.  Radftadt, 
and  38  SSE.  Salzburg. 

Arl  (Grofs),  -A  river  of  Germany,  which 
runs  into  the  Salza,  6  miles  SW.  from  St. 
John,  in  the  bifhopric  of  Salzburg. 

Arl  ( KL'in),  a  river  of  Germany,  which 
runs  into  the  Salza,  near  the  tov/n  oi:  St. 
John. 

Arlanc,  or  Aidant,  a  town  of  Fran:c,  in 
the  department  of  Puy  de  Dome.  9  miles 
S.  Ambeit. 

Arlanza,  a  river  of   Spain,    which  runs 
into  the   Pifuerga,  between  Palencia   and 
Valladolid. 
K  a 


A  R  L 

ArUnzdy  a  town  of  Spaio,  in  Old  Caftile, 
ts  mPes  S.  Burgos. 

ArLvizoHy  a  river  of  Spain,  which  joins 
the  Arlanza,  near  Palenzuela. 

jlrlay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Jura.    5  miles  N.  Lons-le-Saunier. 

Arlher'Ty  a  part  of  the  Rhaetian  Alps, 
\vhich  feparates  the  county  of  Tyrol  from 
the  counties  of  Bregentz,  Pludentz,  Feld- 
kirch,  and  Montfort. 

Arle,  a  river  of  Denmark,  whith  runs  into 
the  North  Sea,  4  miles  S.  Bredftede. 

Arlen,  a  town  of  the  county  of  Tyrol,  on 
a  mountain.    8  miles  NW.  Landeck. 

Arks,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eaft  Pyrenees.  18  miles  SW. 
Perpignan.  Z,o«^.  a.  43.E.  Zrt/.  4z.27._N. 

Aries,  a  citv  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftrift  in  the  department  of  the 
Mouths  of  the  Rhone;  before  tlie  revolution 
it  was  the  fee  of  an  archbilhop.  Many  coun- 
oils  have  been  held  here,  particularly  one  in 
314,  againft  the  Donatills.  The  country 
round  it  is  fertile,  and  produces  corn,  wine, 
manna,  oil,  and  fruit  of  various  kinds,  but 
fubjeA  to  inundations.  There  are  ieveral 
monuments  of  antiquity  yet  remaining,  par- 
ticularly an  amphitheatre  and  an  obelillc. 
Aries  was  a  conflderable  place  when  Julius 
Ca:far  warred  againft  the  Gauls.  _  Conllan- 
tine  was  much  plcafed  with  the  fituation  of 
Aries,  and  for  fome  time  made  it  the  feat  of 
empire.  Eurlc,  king  of  the  Vifigoths,  made 
it  his  refidence.  It  was  fometime  the  royal 
city  of  the  Burgundian  kings,  and  the  king- 
dom called  aifo  the  kingdom  of  Aries. 
Frederick  II.  granted  the  citizens  the 
privilege  of  chooling  their  own  archbi- 
fiiop,confuIs,  and  podeftat;  and  it  became  a 
republic  of  fuch  power,  that  the  ftate  of 
Genoa,  and  other  cities,  fought  for  its  al- 
liance ;  but  this  independence  continued 
only  3  7  years.  In  the  14th  century  it  was 
given  by  the  emperor  to  the  dauphin  of 
France,  who  reigned  afterwards  as  Charles 
Vl.  Seven  ports  NNW.  Marlcilles,  and  86 
SSE.  Paris.  Lotig.  5.  43.  E.  Lat.  43.  40.  N. 

Arlcffga,  atownof  Italy,  in  thePaduan. 
8  miles  NW.  Padua. 

Arlejhcim,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Rhine.  3  m.S.  Bale. 

Arlciix,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  North.  In  1354,  Charles  king 
of  Navarre  was  confined  here  in  a  call:le, 
being  removed  hither  from  tho  caille  of  Ga- 
illard,  after  being  taken  prlfoner  by  the 
French  king  ai  R(,uen.    8  m.  NW.Cambray. 

Arlier,  a  rown  of  liindooftan,  in  Myfore. 
15  miles  NNE.  Ouflbr, 

Arlivglniiy  a  town  of  united  America,  in 
the  ftate  of  Vermont.     10  m.  N.  Bennington. 

Arlou,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  tlie  Forclfs  ;  before  the  revolution 
belonging  10  the  Comtc  of  Chiiii,  aanc.\ed 


ARM 

to  the  dutchy  of  Luxemburg,  fituated  on  an 
eminence,  near  the  fource  of  the  Semoy.  On 
the  9th  of  June,  1793,  the  Auftrians  were 
defeated  near  this  town  by  the  French,  un- 
der General  Laage,  with  the  lofs  of  an  im- 
menfe  quantity  of  military  flores;  and  on 
the  28th  of  April,  1794,  the  town  was  taken 
by  General  Jourdan.  13  miles  NW.  Lux- 
emburg.    Z(5«^.  5.  28.E.     Z-iz/.  49.  53.  N. 

Arljlo,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
of  Tavaftland.  ^5  nnles  ESE.  Tavafthus. 
/.o;;^.  26.  3.E.    Z(7/.  16.  44.  N. 

Arly\  a  river  of  Savoy,  which  runs  into 
the  Ifere,  near  Conflans. 

Ar7ii  Ifland,  a  fmall  illand  at  the  eafl  en- 
trance of  the  ftraits  of  Sunda.  Long.  106. 
30.E.     JLrt/.  5.45.N. 

Arma,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Popayan,  on  a  river  which  runs 
into  the  Cauca,  zoo  miles  N.  Popayan,  and 
84  S.  Santa  Fe  de  Antioquia.  Long.  74.56. 
W.     /,«/.  5.25.N. 

Annaghf  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ulfter;  bounded  on  the  north  by 
the  county  of  Tyrone  and  Lough-Neagh,  on 
the  call  by  the  county  of  Down,  on  the  fouth 
by  Louth,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  counties 
of  Tyrone  and  Monaghan :  25  miles  from 
north  to  fouth,  and  15  from  eaft  to  weft; 
about  283  fquare  miles.  It  contains  21,983 
houfes,  and  the  inhabitants  are  eftimated  at 
120,000.  The  linen  manufacture  flourilhes  in 
this  county;  the  principal  towns  are  Armagh, 
Lurgan,  Blackwater-Town,  and  Portadown. 
The  face  of  the  country  is  diverfified  with 
hills,  but  the  foil  is  fertile,  and  generally 
well  cultivated.  Two  riiembers  are  lent  to 
the  imperial  Parliament  for  the  county,  and 
one  for  Armagh. 

Armagh,  a  city  of  Ireland,  and  capital  of 
the  county  fo  called,  the  fee  of  an  archbi- 
fhop,  who  is  lord  primate  of  all  Ireland.  St. 
Patrick  founded  the  fee  in  the  year  444. 
This  city  was  much  decayed,  but  by  the 
munificence  of  Lord  Rokeoy,  late  archbi- 
fhop,  it  was  confiderably  incrcafed;  he 
built  a  handfome  palace,  and  a  noble  houle 
for  the  fchool,  which  is  a  royal  foundation; 
to  which  he  added  a  public  library  for  the 
promotion  of  fcience.  He  alfo  creded 
an  obfervatorv,  with  a  liberal  income  for  an 
aftronomer,  fecuring  the  endowments  by 
feveral  a6ts  of  the  legiflature.  Armagh  was 
feveral  times  plundered  by  the  Danes.  It 
was  plundered  by  Sir  John  De  Courcy ;  and 
ixi  1642,  was  fet  on  fircbySir  Phelim  6'Neil. 
It  fends  one  member  to  Parliament.  62  miles 
N.  Dublin,  and  46  SSE.  Londonderry. 
Long.  6.  3.;.  W.     Lat.  54.  21.  N. 

Anuagia,  a  town  of  Arabia.  68  miles  S. 
Cathem. 

Anungnac,  a  province  of  France,  fo  call- 
ed before  the  late  new  divifion,  bordered  on 
the  eallby  Langucdoc,  on  the  north  by  Age- 


A  R  M 

»ois  and  Condomois,  on  the  well  by  C;if- 
cony,  and  on  the  foiith  by  Bigorre  and  Bt am ; 
it  is  about  66  miles  in  length,  and  48  in 
breadth,  divided  into  Upper,  towards  the 
Pyrenees,  and  Lower,  towards  Gafcony. 
The  land  is  tolerably  fertile,  and  the  com- 
merce conderable  in  biandv»  wine,  wool, 
flax,  &c.  It  is  now  the  department  of  the 
Gers.     Auch  is  the  capital  city. 

Anna7)icr.,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Bcira.    10  miles  S.  Pcl'quiera. 

^/v«<;?//tY,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Armangon,  near  St.  Florentin,  in  the 
department  of  the  Yonnc. 

Annancon,  ox  ArynanfoTty  a  river  of  France, 
which  riles  near  Semur-en-Auxois,  and 
runs  into  the  Yonne,  near  Ivigny. 

Armavir,  a  town  of  Perfian  Armenia,  on 
the  Aras.     30  miles  WSW.  Erivan. 

Ar?/!egon,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     28  miles  S.  Nellore. 

ArtueriifTi  town  ofMingrelia.  30  miles 
SE.  Ilgaur. 

Arrnoiia,  a  country  of  Afia,  bounded  on 
the  weft  by  the  Euphrates,  on  the  fouth  by 
Diarbekir,  on  thigpaft  by  Perfia,  and  on  the 
north  by  Georgia.  The  country  is  very 
healthy,  the  climate  temperate,  and  the  foil 
rich  and  fertile,  efpecially  in  the  midlands 
and  vallies,  but  is  much  taken  up  with  moun- 
tains, efpecially  among  the  frontiers;  yet 
thefe  produce  very  good  pafture,  and  the 
reft  plenty  of  corn,  wine,  and  fruits  of  all 
forts.  The  people  are  robuft  and  induftri- 
ous;  their  lands  are  well  cultivated,  and  fe- 
vcral  mechanic  arts  and  manufaif  ures  are 
carried  on  by  them  to  good  advantage.  The 
only  misfortune  is,  they  lie  too  much  out  of 
the  way  of  trade  to  reap  all  the  benefit  they 
otherwife  would  do  if  more  commodioufly 
lituated  for  it.  However,  they  employ  thcm- 
felves  in  weaving  of  tapeftry,  and  fcveral 
forts  of  ftufFs,  which  they  vend  abioad ;  the 
reft  follow  agriculture.  The  inhabitants, 
though  under  a  Turkilh  government,  are  at 
prefent  moitly  Chriftians,  but  accufed  of 
Eutychianifm.  Armenia  was  anciently  in- 
habited bj  the  defcendants  ot  Hul,  or  Chul, 
the  fon  ot  Aram,  who,  it  is  fuppofed,  called  it 
by  the  name  of  their  progenitor:  whence 
came  the  name  of  Armenia,  or  Ar.imenia, 
Aram-Minni,  the  Leller  Aram,  or  Syria. 
Others  think  it  fo  called  from  a  Hebrew 
word,  fignifying  high  ;  bccaufe  this  country 
l:cs  high,  and  its  mountains  are  the  higheft 
ut  all  thiscaftcrn  trai^t.  A  third  etymon  is 
from  the  Hebrew  Har  Minni,  or  the  moun- 
tain of  Minni;  which  lalf  was  a  kingdom 
mentioned  by  Jeremiah  with  thofe  of  Ararat 
and  Afchenaz.  Ar.irat  is  thougl-.t  to  be 
likewif;  the  Hebrew  name  of  Armenia,  by 
molt  of  the  ancient  interpreters;  fo  tiiat 
where  Mofes  lays,  "  that  the  ark  refted  on 
^hc  mountains  of  Ararat,"  and  where  the 


ARM 

two  fons  of  Sennacherib  are  faid  to  have  fled 
into  the  land  of  Ararat,  after  the  murder  of 
their  father,  they  underftand  it  of  the  land 
and  mountains  of  Armenia;  though  this  is 
more  likely  to  be  Baiftria.    Tigranes,  one  of 
the  kings  of  Armenia,  greatly  extended  his 
dominions  on  every  fide,  and  added  the  pro- 
vinces of  Syria,  Phcenice,  and  Media;  but 
upon  being  defeated  by  Lucullus  in  the  Mi- 
thridatic  wars,  tiie  Armenians  were  again 
driven  homeward,  and  their  kingdom  rc- 
ftrained  to  Armenia  Major.  Mark  Anthony 
afterwards  took  their  king  Artavafdes  pri- 
foner,  andfent  him  to  Rome  in  golden  fetters ; 
and  Trajan  reduced  the  whole  country  into 
a  Roman  province.     But  it  afterwards  re- 
covered its  liberty,  and  we  find  it  governed 
by  its  own  kings  in  the  reign  of  Conftantine 
the  Great;  and  fome  time  after,  though  they 
were  then  feudatories  to  the  emperors  till 
687,  when  they  were  fubdued  by  the  Sara- 
cens.    Thefe  held  it  till  the  irruption  of  the 
Turks  or  Turkomans,  out  of  Scythia,  who 
made  themfelves  maftcrs  of  this  province, 
and  gave  it  the  nameof  Turcon.ania.    This, 
happened,  according  to  fome,  in  the  year 
755;  bur  according  to  others  not  till  884. 
But  whilft  the  Turks  were   employed  in 
other  conquells,  the  Armenians  took  the 
opportunity  of  recovering  their  liberty,  and 
fet  up  fome  new  kings  of  their  own.    Thefe 
\yere  fubdued  by  the  Tartars,  but  not  fo  ex- 
tirpated but   that  there  ftili   remained  fome 
of  them  ;  and  one  of  them  fucceeding  to  the 
throne  of  Perfia,  made  Armenia  a  province 
of  that  kingdom  in  1472.     But  it  was  again 
partly  conquered  by  the  Turks  undei  S'elini 
I.  in  1515,10  that  ever   fince  the   weftcrn 
part  has  continued  fubjed  to  the  Tur^r, ,  tnd 
the  eaftcrn  to  the  Perfians.    TheTuikifli 
inhabitants  of  this  country,  though  infnior 
in  number  to  the  Chriftians,  arc  pofTtfl-.  •]  of 
fome  of  the  richeft  and  faireft  territories  on 
each  fide  the  Euphrates,  but  with  this  differ- 
ence, that  inftcad  of  being  tibfoiute  mafters, 
as  they  formerly  were,  they  are  now  tribu- 
tary to  the  Ottoman  Porte,  or  raiher  enjoy 
a  flradow  of  liberty  und-  r  it;  and  hence  pro- 
ceeds their  ancient  way  of  leading  a  paftoral 
life  in  tents,  and  fliifting  their  liabitations. 
They  are  tall  and  ftout,  of  a  fwarthy  com 
plexion,  flat  nolcs,   Iquare  flicts ;  but  their 
women  ar^.'  generally  very  handiijme  and 
well  fhaped.     They  are  governed  by  tlieir 
own  chiefs  and  laws,   and  profefs  ihe  Mo- 
hammedan religion,  bur  do  not  iroubie  them- 
felves   muc'i    about   the   oblervance    of  it, 
Being   naturally  addided  to  plunder,  they 
would  do  a  great  deal  of  mifchief  to  com- 
mtrce  were  it  not  for  the  care  ot  tic  Furk- 
ifh  baihis  to  keep  them  in  order;  .or  as  the 
tribute  pai.i  by  ilie  caravans,  and  the  num- 
ber of  paffengers,  make   the  moll  confi  ^'er- 
ablc  branch  of  their  income,  it  is  their  inio» 


ARM 

rcfl:  to  preferve  the  roads  as  free  and  fafc  as 
they  can.     In  other  refpeds  they  wink  at 
many  irregularities  in  their  way  of  Hfe;  as, 
their  frequent  inroads  upon  the  Curdes,  the 
Arabs,  and  other  neigiibouring  nations,  that 
own   no   fubjcdion   to  the  Porte.     Thefe 
Turks,  a  hardy  race,  excellent  horfemen, 
courageous  and  enterpriling,  fpread  thera- 
felves  likewife  towards  the   eaft,  e%-en  into 
Perfia.     They  are  computed   altogether  to 
amount  to  about  one  hundred  thoufand  fa- 
milies.    The  name  of  Armenians  is   aUb 
given  to  thofe  who  were  tranfported  into 
levera!  parts  of  Pc:rfia  by  Shah  Abas;  and 
more  particularly  to  that  celebrated  colony 
of  Armenians  who  dwell  at  Zulfa,  one  oi 
the  fuhurbs  of  Ifpahan.    Thefe  Armenians, 
and  in  general  all  thofe  who  apply  thein- 
fclves  to  trade,  which  they  raake_  their  chief 
bufincfs,  are  civil  and  polite,  with  a  great 
deal  of  good  fcnfe  and  honefty.     They  are 
not  only  in  a  great  meafure  matters  of  the 
whole  of  the  trade  of  the  Levant,  but  have 
-alfo   a  p.rcat    fuare   in  that  of   the   moft 
confiderabie   towns   in    Europe;    for   it   is 
very  common  to  me;t  with  fome  Arme- 
nians at  Leghorn  and  Venice,  in  Engla.nd, 
and  in  Holland ;  whiHt,   on  the  other  lide, 
they  travel  into  the  dominions  of  the  Grand 
Mogul,  Siam,  Java,  the  Philippine  iflands, 
and  all  over  the   eaft    except   China.     It 
is  not  agreed  among  the  learned  under  what 
Abas  king  of  Perfia  th.e  colony  of  Zulfa 
was    tranfported  to  Ifpahan,    and  fettled 
^   where  it  now  is ;  but  it  is  very  certain  that 
Shah  Abas  the  Great,  in  order  to  fecure  the 
conqueil  of  Armenia,  which  he  had  taken 
from  the  Turks,  removed  into  Perfia  the 
firll  Armenians  that  ever  fettled  there ;  and 
about  thirty  thoufand  families  of  them  were 
tranfported  into  theprovince  of  Ghilan  only, 
from  u'hence  the  fiiieJl  Perfian  iilks  come. 
He  alfo  caufed  allthc  inhabitants  of  Zulta, 
a  large  city  of  Armenia,  to  fettle  at  Ifpahan ; 
whence  the   new  Zulfa   of  Perfia  took   its 
name.    This  Zulfa  is  now  the  center  of  all 
the  commerce  of  the  Armenians;  and  it  is 
to  the  iiimc  Shah  Abasthefe  people  owe  their 
■    genius  and  capacity  for  trade,  which  did 
but  very  little  pppei'.r  till  their  tranfmigra- 
'  tion  into  Perfia;  and  as  Abas  the  Great  had 
rio  other  view  but  to  enrich  his  country,  and 
•  v/as  fcniible  he  could  not  compafs  that  de- 
lign  but  by  the  means  of  trade,  he  caft  his 
C'jcs  upon  filks  as  the  inoft  precious  com- 
inodity,  and  upon  the  Armenians  as  the  mofl 
proper  people  to  difpol'c  of  it.     ]n  (lion,  the 
Armcrii.tn'g,  v/ho  were  but  hufoandmen,werc 
by  him  turned  into   rricrch.ants,  and  thefe 
nierchanis   arc   become   fbme   of  the  moff 
nblc  and  moil  celebrated  tradersinthe  world. 
Jirzcrum  is  the  capital  uf  Armenia. 
•   AniK'iit,  or  Ernioit,  or  Eckd  Moiifa,  a 
tcwu  ol  Egypt,  on  vhe  left  bankof  tiie  Nile; 


A  K  N 

fuppofed  to  be  the  ancient  Hermonthris. 
Here  are  the  ruins  of  a  temple.  i6  miles 
N.  Afna. 

Armentequi,  or  Arnienza,  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  the  country  of  Alava,  once  a  city 
and  fee  of  an  archbiihop,  but  now  only  a 
fmall  place,     i  mile  from  Vittoria. 

Anuentierest  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  North,  fituated  on  the  Lys. 
It  was  taken  and  retaken  feveral  times  in  the 
wars  between  France  and  Spain.  Louis 
XIV.  dtilroyed  the  fortilieations  in  1667. 
22  miles  E.  St.  Omers,  and  7  W.  Lille. 

Armciito,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Bafl- 
licata.  It  was  anciently  a  city  of  Lucania, 
called  Grumenturn,  and  in  the  yearof  Rome, 
662,  v/as  taken  by  Iform.  20  miles  SSE. 
Potenza. 

Anmt,  a  town  on  the  iHand  of  Nouffa 
Laout,  one  of  the  Molucca  Iflands. 

Anuillasi  a  town  of  Spain  in  Aragon.  44. 
miles  S.  Saragolla. 

Ar?n!ra,  a  feaport  town  of  European 
Turkey,  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  Gulf  of  Volo, 
on  the  coaft  of  Theffal  y.  10  miles  S.  Volo. 
Lo}:g.  23.  9.  E.  Lat.  39.  ao.  N. 

Ann'ira,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
Guiana.    12  miles  from  Cayenne. 

Aniilro,  a  towu  of  the  ifland  of  Candy, 
with  a  caffle  garrifoned  by  Janiflaries.  25 
miles  SE.  Canea. 

Armky,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  Weft 
Riding  of  Yorkfliire.  .  In  1801,  the  popula- 
tion was  2695,  of  which  750  were  employed 
in  manufa6tures.     2  miles  W.  Leeds.    . 

Annelid.,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Scio, 
with  a  caltle  to  protect  it  from  corfairs. 

Armo7ia,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Negro- 
ponte.     2  7,  miles  SE.  Negroponte. 
Anuotte,  fee  Avert. 

An?!fen,d.x.o\\"c\  of  Germany,in  the  county 
ofVerden.     7  miles  ESE.  Verdcn. 

Ann/dale  Head,  a  cape  on    the   north 
coaft  of  Scotland.   Long.  3.  56.  W.    Lat.  . 
j8.  36.N. 

Ar?nttydet2,  or  Ariianudei:,  a  ftrong  fea- . 
port  town  of  Holland,  fituated  on  the  eait- 
ern  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Walcheren.  It  was 
anciently  confiderabie  enough  to  be  divided 
into  the  old  and  new  town;  the  conve- 
niences of  the  port,  with  the  depth  of  water, 
and  its  proximity  to  the  fea,  drawing  a  great 
deal  of  commerce  to  it.  The  fea  has  feve- 
ral times  done  confiderabie  damage,  parti- 
cularly in  1438.  In  1571,  it  was  furroundcd 
with  walls,  and  had  the  privileges  of  a  city 
granted;  the  trade,  chiefly  in  fait,  is  now 
not  confiderabie.  Its  harbour  being  choaked 
up,  the  fea  is  made  navigable  by  means 
of  a  canal  to  Middleburg,  from  which  Ar- 
muyden  is  diftant  3  miles  E.  and  6  NNE. 
fromFlufhing.  Zo;4Sf.3.42.E.  L^^.ji.Si-N. 
Ar7ia,  a  town  of  Kiuralin.  300  miles 
N.  Urkonje. 


A  R  N 


A  R  N 


Arna,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  capital  of 
a  di{lrii51:  in  the  Lybian  defcrt,  inhabited  by 
4  people  called  Tibboo.  210  miles  S.  Au- 
gela.     Long.  24.  E.  Lat.  36.  N. 

Artias,  a  town  ot  Sweden,  in  Angcrman- 
land.     5a  mile?  NNE.  Hernol-md. 

Arnau,  or  HojVvmcy^  a  town  oi"  Bohemia, 
in  the  circle  of  Konigingratz,  on  the  Elbe. 
9  miles  N.  Konigingratz.  Long.  15.  3;. 
E.  Lat.  50.  27.  N. 

Ar/iauJ  Bcligrad,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Albania.  Arnaud,  or  Arnaut,  is 
the  name  given  by  the  Turks  to  the  province 
of  Albania.     40  miles  NE.  Valona. 

Arnaid,  a  town  ot  Hindoolfan,  in  Bagla- 
fia,  o\\  the  coall.     20  miles  N.  BafTeen. 

Ami's,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  province 
of  Oberland.    4  miles  SSW.  Ofterrod. 

Araanv,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  Natangen. 
4  miles  E.  Konigfberg. 
•  ylrmiy  le  Due,  ox  Ar nay  fur  Arroiix,^ 
town  of  France,  and  principal  place  of  a 
diftridl,  in  the  department  of  the  Cote  d'Or, 
near  the  Arroux.  On  the  20th  of  February, 
1792,  the  aunts  of  Louis  XVI.  were  flopped 
by  the  municipality  of  this  town,  in  their 
journey  to  Italy ;  but  after  fome  delay,  were 
permitted  to  proceed.  25  miles  SW.  Dijon, 
and  24  S.  Semur  en  Auxois.  Lo?ig.  4..  32. 
E.  Lat.  47.  7.N. 

Arndal,  a  leaport  tov/n  of  Norway,  in 
the  diocefe  of  Chriftianfand,  lituated  on  a 
rock  in  the  river  Nid,  with  depth  of  water 
llifficient  for  the  largeil  vefTels.  Long.  8. 
44.  E.  Lat.  ^%.  27.  N. 

Arndorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Sultzbach.     4  miles  E.  Kcnmat. 

Arndoif,SLto\yx\  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipalitv  of  Bayreuth,  near  the  Nab.  18 
miles  ESE.  Bayreuth. 

Amfburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  Old 
Mark  of  Brandenburg,  on  the  Elbe.  50 
miles  W.  Berlin.  Long.  12.  6.  E.  Lat. 
52.48.N. 

Arnedo,  a  fcaport  of  Peru,  with  a  good 
harbour,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean.  27  miles 
N.  Lima.  Lo?ig.  76.  54.  W.  Lai,  11. 
33.  N. 

Armdo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  CaiHle. 
3  miles  S.  Calahorra. 

Arnce,  a  town  of  Hindooftan  in  the  Car- 
Tatic.  In  1 751,  the  lonof  Chundaiiilicb,  the 
French  raja  of  Tanjore,  was  deferited  near 
this  town  by  the  Britifh  under  Col.  Clive; 
and  in  1754,  this  town  v/as  taken  by  Capt. 
Kirkpatrick.  14  m.  S.  Arcot,  and  52  NW. 
.'''ondicherry.  Lor.g.  79.  30  E.  Lat.  12. 
40.  N. 

Arnee,  a  tov/n  cf  Hindooftan,  m  the  Jag- 
hire.     20  miles  N  Madras. 
Anienniyden,  fee  A'tnuydcn. 
Amen,  or  Arnon,  a  town  of  Swiflerland, 
in  the  Valais.     35  miles  E.  Sion. 

Amsncia,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Bifcay, 


formerly  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  removed  to 
Vittoria. 

Amcjl'io,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Bari.    7  miles  WSW.  Andria. 

Arnfch,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  dut- 
chy  of  Stiria.      10  miles  SE.  Landfberg. 

Arngatz,  a  mountain  of  Alia,  which  formj; 
as  it  were  a  boundary  between  Turkifli  and 
Perfian  Armenia. 

Arn'^itzcs,  a  town  of  Walachia.  42  miles 
SSE.  Hermanftadt. 

Arnhaufcn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Pomcrania.  24  miles  NW'.  New 
Stettiii;  34  NE.Stargard.  Long,  15.51.E. 
Lat.  $T,.  49.  N. 

Amhanfen,  a  town  of  Franconia,  in  the 
principalityof  Wurzburg.  2  m.  S.KiiTmgen. 

Ari:l;cini,  a  city  of  Holland,  and  capital 
of  the  department  of  Guelderland,  fituated 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  near  its  union 
with  thclifel;  large,  f1;rong,  and  populous; 
formerly  one  of  the  Hanfe  Towns.  In  15S5, 
this  town  was  taken  from  the  Spaniards  by 
the  Count  de  Meurs,  a  commander  of  the 
Dutch  States.  In  1672,  it  w^as  tiken  by 
the  French  under  Marflnl  Turenne  ;  and  in 
January  1795,  it  was  taken  by  the  French  re- 
publicans. 30  miles  E.  Utrecht,  and  45  SE. 
Amflerdam.     Long.  5.  37.  E.  Lat.  52.  N. 

Amo,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  rifes  in  the 
Appcnnine  Mountains,  pafles  by  Florence, 
Pila,  o:c.  and  enters  the  Mediterranean  la 
miles  N.  Leghorn,  and  4  below  Pifii,  to 
which  place  it  is  navigable  for  fmall  veflels. 
Long.  10.  16.  E.     Lat.  43.  40.  N. 

Arnold,  a  town  of  England,  in  Notting- 
hamfliire.  In  1801,  the  population  was 
27685  of  which  1742  were  employed  in 
trade  and  manufadures.  4  miles  N.  Not- 
tingham. 

Amoldfgrun,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Vogtland.     4  miles  E.  Oelfnitz. 

Amoldjlei'i,  or  Arlfrein,  a  town  of  Ca- 
rinthia.     7  miles  SW.  Willach. 

Arnon,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Clier,  not  far  from  Vierzon. 

Amofora,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Prin- 
cipato  Citra.     12  miles  SE.  Salerno, 

Arnota,  a  town  of  Walachia.  18  miles 
\V.  Kimnick. 

Arnoya,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Minho,  near  Rivadavia,  in  Gailicia. 

Arnoya,  a  river  of  Portugal,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,  Lor.g.  t^.  7.  W.  Lai,  33. 
25.  N. 

Amjlnirg,  a  tov/n  and  caftle  of  Germany, 
in  the  county  of  Schwartzburg  Rudolltadt. 
3  mile's  SE.  Sonder'haufcn. 

ylr:'fcurg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Solms-Braunfels,  with  a  rich  ab- 
bey, taken  by  the  French  in  1792.  3  miles 
S.  Alunzcnberg,  and  6  SSE.  Gielien. 

Arnfdorf,  a  town  of  Pruilia,  in  the  proi 
vince  of  Oberhpd*    11  miles  S.  lioUanJ. 


Alio 

Arnfdorf,  a  town  of  PrufTm,  in  the  pro- 
▼ince  of  Ermeland.  15  miles  W.  Hcilfperg. 

Annfeld^  a  town  of  Germany,  In  the  cir- 
cle of  Erzgeburg.     5  miles  S.  Wolkenftein. 

Arnjhaug,  a  citadel  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Neufladt.     i  mile  S.  Ncuftadt. 

ArnJJje'mi,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mount  Tonnerre,  late  in  the 
Palatinate  of  the  Rhine.  3  miles  NVV. 
Worms,  and  14  SSW.  Mentz. 

Anijladt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  ofSchwartzburt?;,  on  the  Gera,  over 
which  is  a  bridge  of  fix  arches.  Among 
the  public  buiidingsare  a  caftlewith  a  chapel, 
apalaceereftedin  1 732,  three  parifli  church- 
es, and  a  town-houfe.  12  miles  S.  Erfurt, 
and  20  SW.  Weimar.  Lo?ig.  11.  3.  E.  Lat. 
50. 48.  N. 

Arnjk'in,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Mansfeld.     7  miles  N.  Mansfeld. 

Ar/y'Iein,  a  town  ofPrufTra,  in  Natangen. 
20  miles  S.  Brandenburg. 

Arnjiein,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
fliopric  of  Wurzburg.  20  miles  NNE. 
Wurzburg.  Long.  10.  li.E.  Lat.  50.  2.N. 

Anijlorf,  a  town  of  Auftria.  6  miles  \Y. 
Mauttern. 

ArufxvaUe,  fee  Are7ipv:a!de. 

Arnffce,  fee  Aranifce. 

Aro,  a  river  of  Spam,  which  runs  into  the 
Mediterranean,  6  miles  S.  Palamos. 

Aroan,  or  Jirooan.,  a  town  of  Africa,  in 
Sahara,  where  fait  is  found.  150  miles  N  W. 
Tombuftou.  Lmg.o.\i.'\L.  2-^'/.  18.48. N. 

Arcbay  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Benin,  on  the 
Jormofa.  30  miles  SW.  Benin.  Lot2g.  4. 
40.  E.     Lat.  5.  45.  N. 

Aroche,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Seville,  on  the  frontiers  of  Eflramadura, 
Situated  near  a  chain  of  mountains,  to  which 
it  gives  name,  that  extends  along  Spaniili 
Eftramadura  to  the  frontiers  of  Portugal. 
^6  miles  NW.  Seville. 
''  Aroe,  or  Pnlo  Arot;  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
Eaflerp  Indian  Sea.  Long.  loj.E.  Lat.  2. 
28.  N.' 

AroUagc,  or  Arroukhage,  a  city  of  Perlia, 
and  capical  of  a  dilfrid  to  which  it  gives 
name,  in  the  province  of  Segeltan.  ico 
miles  S.  Candanar.  Long.  65.  40.  E.  Lat, 
,31,  20.  N. 

Aroljl-iiy  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Waldeck,  on  the  Aar,  with  a  palace  of 
the  Prince.  29  miles  SSE.  Paderburn,  and 
38  WSW.Gottingcti.  LoTig.().i.^.  Lat. 
J  I.  20.  N. 

ylroj'uiz,  a  town  of  Frnnce,  in  the  dcpart- 
pient  of  Jur;i.     14  miles  S.  Orgelet. 

Aron,  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.     6  miles  from  CaHian. 

Arena,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  ti^c  Gi>gna,  on  the  fide  of  a  hill,  hoar  the 
l^cft  coall  ol  lake  Maggiora;  the  Environs 
are  exceedingly  fertile,  and  its  winbs  much 


A  R  P 

fought  for.  13  miles  SSE.  Domo  d'OfcelJa, 
and  17  NNW.  Novaru.  Lo}:g.  8.  32.  E. 
Lat  45.  46.  N. 

Aronchest  or  Ar ranches,  a  town  of  Portu- 
gal, in  Alcntejo;  it  is  walled  and  defended 
with  a  caftlc,  though  only  one  parifh,  with 
about  600  inhabitants.  In  1661,  it  was  taken 
by  the  Spaniards  under  the  command  of 
Don  John  of  Auftria.  It  was  taken  during 
the  late  war,  and  reltored  in  1801,  by  the 
peace  of  Badajoz.  95  miles  E.  Lifbon. 
Long.  7.  3.  W.   Lat.  38.  58.  N. 

Aroiide,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Oife,  oppofite  Compiegne. 

Arcnee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  cir- 
car  of  Gohud.     28  miles  N.  Narwa. 

Aronia,  Plains  of,  a  fpace  of  Arabian  Irac, 
where  in  1733,  the  Turks  were  defeated  by 
the  Pcrfians.     30  miles  N.  Bagdad. 

Aroo,  an  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  Indian  Sea,  ^ 
about  i?,o  miles  long,  and  i;^  broad.  Long^- 
134.  42.  to  135.  30.  E.  Lat.  5. 5.  to  7.5.  S* 

Arooan,  fee  Aroan. 

Aropilly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
My  fore.     20  miles  S.  Bangalore. 

Aros,  a  town  of  ScoLiaud,  in  the  ifland  of 
Mull,  where  a  poft-office  has  been  eftablifhed. 

Aro/vay,  or  Sanwhiuat^  a  town  of  the 
ifland  of  Madura. 

Arqfcia,  or  Arozia,  a  river  which  crofTes 
the  Genoefe  territory  from  N.  to  S.  and  runs 
into  the  Mediterranean  at  Albenga. 

Arofcn,  fee  Wejleraks. 

Arouca,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.     27  miles  SW.  Lamego. 

Aroukortchin,  a  country  of  Tartary,  near 
the  great  wall  of  China. 

Aronvay,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
8  miles  SSW.  Arrah. 

Arp,  a  liver  of  Circallia,  which  runs  into 
the  Cuban,  Lat.  44.  46.  N. 

Arpcria,  a  town  or  village  of  Naples,  in 
Principato  Ultra.    6  miles  SSW.  Benevento. 

Arpajon,  or  Arpajou,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Seine  and  Oife. 
16  miles  S.  Paris. 

Arpakavi,  a  valley  of  Armenia,  near 
Erivan,  where,  in  1735,  the  Turks  were  de- 
feated by  the  Perfians  under  Kuli  Kan.  The 
Seraflcier  Kupro\ili,  who  commanded  the 
Turks,  fell  in  the  field  with  many  other  ge- 
nerals. About  2o,oco  men  were  killed  and 
made  prifoners. 

Arpa-Ju,  a  river  of  Perfia,  between  Erivan 
and  Tauris. 

Arpenburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Old  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  9  miles  S. 
Saltzwedel. 

Arpi  L'y  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Capi- 
tanata.     14  miles  SW.  Manfredonia. 

ArpinOf  a.  town  of  Naples,  in  the  country 
of  Lavora;  anciently  Arpinum;  the  native 
place  of  the  celebrated  Romans,  Marias  and 
Cicero.  iom.SE.Sora,and55  NNW  .Naples, 


A  R  R 


A  R  R 


Arpiir^  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of  N;i- 
paul.     12  miles  S.  Ciumandu. 

Arqiia,  a  town  of  Inily,  in  the  P.iduan, 
where  the  celebrated  Petraicli  was  buried. 
xo  miles  S.  Padua. 

Jlrqiul,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Polefino  de 
Rovigo,     6  miles  m.  S.  Kovigo. 

Arquata, -iX-Ov^w  of  Genoa,  fituatcd  on  the 
Scrivia;  it  was  a  lief  of  the  empire.  25 
miles  N.  Genoa. 

Arqiiata,  a  town  of  the  Marquifate  of 
Ancona.     10  miles  SW.  Alcoli. 

Arque,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Straits  of  Calais.  3  miles  SE. 
St.  Omer. 

Arquefio?!,  a  river  of  France,  which  paf- 
fes  by  Jugon,  in  the  department  of  the 
North  Coafts,  and  runs  into  the  Englifh 
Channel,  Long.  2.  7.  W.  Lat.  48.  2i3'  N- 

Arques,  a  river  of  France,  which  pafTes  by 
the  town  of  that  name,  in  the  department  of 
the  Lower  Seine,  and  runs  into  the  Englifh 
Channel  near  Dieppe. 

Arqiiesy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine.  In  1589,  Henry 
IV.  gained  here  a  complete  vidory  over 
the  League.     3  miles  SE.  Dieppe. 

Arqties,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aude.     9  miles  SE.  Limoux. 

Arr,  town  of  Hindooftan,  near  Baglana. 
aj  miles  N.  Junere. 

Arra,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  tlie 
government  of  Diarbekir.     30  m,  W.  Urta. 

ArracaiJ,  fee  Aracan. 

Arracourt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meurte.  j  miles  SSE.  Mar- 
fal,  and  5  S.  Chateau  Salins. 

Arracijf'e,  a  feaport  of  Brazil,  in  the  cap- 
tainfliip  of  Fernambuco.  It  wasconfidered  a 
ftrongplace,  butwas taken, in  1595, by  James 
Lancafter,  who  with  fcven  Engliih  veflels 
made  himfelf  mafter  of  the  town  and  caftle 
with  a  confiderable  booty;  lince  that  time, 
It  has  been  more  flronglv  fortified.  Lai. 
8.  20.  S. 

Au-rackf  fee  Areg. 

Arrades,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Tunis,  celebrated  for  its  baths. 

ylrradoH,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart* 
ment  of  Morbihan.     3  miles  SW.  Vanne?^ 

Arregiit,  a  town  of  Arabia, in  the  province 
of  Nedsged.     10  miles  SW.  Khaibar. 

ArragoTi,  fee  Ar-jgor.. 

Arrah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  and  capital 
of  Boujepour,  a  circar  in  the  fubah  of  Bahar, 
between  the  Soane  and  the  Ganges.  30 
miles  WN  W.  Patn.i,  88  E.  Benares.  Lovg 
84.  49-  E.  Lat.  25.  3.:;.  N. 

Arrcjh,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  Mecran,  on 
the  coaft  of  the  Arabian  Sea.  140  miles  W. 
Tatta.    Long.  65.  E.  Lat.  25.  25.  N. 

Arrah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  province 
<if  Torce.     10  miles  W.  Toree. 


Arra'i,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  tlic  province 
of  Tootomi,  or  Jenliju.     iic  SW.  Jedo. 

ArraJi,  a  province  of  Perlia,  (ituated  bei 
tween  Georgia,  Adirbeitzan,  and  Sehirvan  ; 
it  is  furrounded  with  mountains. 

Arrnn,  an  iliand  on  tlie  welt  coaft  of  Scot- 
land, in  the  Frith  of  Clyde,  of  an  oval  form, 
twenty  miles  in  length,  and,  where  broadcll, 
twelve  wide ;  containing  fcveral  villages,  and 
about  fcven  thoufand  inhabitants;  the  centre 
oi  the  ifland  is  mountainous,  on  a  part  oi 
which,  called  GoatJiclJ,  exceedingly  fteep, 
have  been  found  topazes,  and  pebbles  capa- 
ble of  poliih.  There  are  feveral  lochs  and 
rivers,  where  falmon  are  caught;  and  many 
forts  of  fifli  abound  on  the  coafts.  The  in- 
habitants raife  a  number  of  cattle,  fheep,  and 
goats.  The  climate  is  fevere  but  healthy. 
Long.  5.  4.  W.  Lat.  ^s-  27.  N, 

Arran  IJlands,  or  South  Arran  IJlands^ 
three  iflands  near  the  welt:  coaft  of  Ireland, 
in  the  Atlantic,  at  the  mouth  of  Gal  way  bay, 
extending  about  ten  miles  in  length,  from 
north-weft  to  Ibuth-eaft.  Long.  9.  30.  to 
9.  42.  W.  Lat.  s^'  2.  to  s?,'  8-"n. 

Arranmort^,  an  ifland  on  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  north-weft  coaft  of  Ireland,  about  fc\cn 
miles  in  circumference.  Long.  8.  25.  W. 
2.^/.  55.N. 

Arranrnore,  one  of  thelargeft  of  the  fouth 
Arran  Ifland^-,  about  five  miles  long,  and  two 
broad.     Long.  9.  37.  W.  Lat.  53.  6.  N. 

Arras,  a  city  of  France,  and  capital  of  the 
department  of  the  Straits  of  Calais,  fituatcd 
on  the  Scarp,  called  Origiacum  by  Ptolemy, 
and  by  Caviar,  AttrebatE.  It  is  large  and 
regularly  fortified.  Before  the  revolution, 
it  was  the  fee  of  a  bidiop,  fuftiagan  of  Cam- 
bray,  and  the  capital  of  Artois.  In  1477,  it 
was  taken  by  Louis  XI.  and  in  1493,  by  the 
Emperor  Maximilian.  In  1640,  it  was  again 
taken  by  the  French,  and  annexed  to  France. 
In  1654,  it  held  out  againit  the  Spaniards. 
The  fortifications  are  the  work  of  Vauban. 
27  miles  NW.  Cambray,  and  130  N.  Paris. 
Long.  2.  51.  E.  Lat.  50.  17.  N. 

Arrats,  a  river  of  France,  which  rwnz 
into  the  Garonne,  about  two  miles  NW. 
Auvlllard,  in  the  department  of  the  Lot  and 
Garonne. 

Arranrah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  circar 
of  Burdwan.  14  miles  N.  Burdwan.  Long- 
88.  E.  Lat.  22.  33.  N. 

Arrayal  do  Rio  das  Almas,  a  town  of  Bra- 
zil, in  the  government  of  Goyas.  4s  miles 
NNE.  Villa  Boa. 

Arrayal  de  AJianpgaon,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
in  the  government  of  Goyas,  on  the  river 
Tocantin.     340  miles  NNE.  Villa  Boa. 

Arrayal  de  Ponatc,  a  town  of  Bfazil,  in 
the  government  of  Para,  oh  the  river  To- 
cantin.    210  miles  S.  Para. 

Arrayal  de  Cardofo,  a  town  of  Brafil.  xo^ 
miles  gW,  St.  Salvador. 


A  R  R 

JrrtVjal  de  Meyaponfe,  a  tcv/n  of  Brafil, 
in  th..  government  of  Matto  Groffo.  •i^s 
miles  SSE.  Villaboa. 

Arrajal  dc  Maygir.te,  a  town  of  Br-ifil, 
in  ilic  government  of  Goyas.  75  miles 
SSE.  Vill.iboa. 

jirrayal  de  S.  An?'a,  a  town  of  Rrafil,  m 
the  govemmcnt  ot  Goyas.  95  miles  SSW. 
Vilhibai. 

Arrayal  Velho,  a  tcv-n  of  Brafil,  in  the 
rovevument  of  Minas  Geraes.  50  miles 
SW.  Viilarica. 

Arrayolos,  a  town  of  Portiiga!,  in  Alentejo. 
10  miles  N.  Evor;;. 

Arrecife  Largo,  a  reef  of  rocks  in  the  bay 
cf  Honduras,  near  the  coafl:  of  Mexico. 
LoHZ.  88.  30.  W.    Lot.  16. 30.  N. 

Arreauy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Higher  Pyrenees.  1 3  niiles  SE. 
Eagneres  en  Bigorre,  and  23.  SSE.  Tarbcs. 

Arrens,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Higher  Pyrenees,  on  the  Ga- 
ipnae.    8  miles  S  vV.  Argellez. 

ArreJIan,  or  Reftancs,  a  town  of  Svria. 
The  S;iracens  took  this  town  by  treachery  in 
the  7th  century.     30  niiles  S.  Hamah. 

Arrewoay,  a  town  on  the  welt  coail  of  the 
ifiand  of  Celebes.  Lang.  119.  15.  E.  Lat. 
o.  58.  S. 

Arrscma,  a  village  of  Tunis,  in  which  re- 
ji-.uin  fome  of  the  ruins  of  ancient  Carthage. 
6  mik's  N.  Tunis. 

Arricge,  a  river  of  France,  Vvhich  rifes  in 
the  Pyrenees,  pafles  by  Foix,  Pamiers,  Sa- 
•varden,  St.  Gabtjlle,  &c.  and  joins  tli.e  Ga- 
Tf-Mie  about  2  miles  irom  Tculoufe.  Gold 
is  found  in  feveral  parts  of  this  river,  parti- 
cularly near  Pamiers.  It  gives  name  to  one 
of  the  departments  of  tlie  new  diviiion  of 
Trance. 

Arriege,  a  department  of  France,  bounded 
pn  the  north  and  north-well  by  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Garonne,  on  the  eaft  by 
the  department  of  the  Audc,  on  the  fouth- 
ealt  by  the  depaitment  of  the  Eaitern  Pyre- 
nees, and  on  the  fouth  andlouth-welt  by  the 
Pyrenees,  which  feparate  it  from  Spain  -^ 
9bout5o  miles  in  length,  and-36  in  breadth. 
This  department  is  compcicd  cf  what,  be- 
fore the  revolution,  was  c.iilcd  Coi'fcranj 
and  Foix.  The  river  Arriegf  crciTcs  it  troni 
iouth  to  north.    Taralcon  is  the  capital. 

Arrjaie.!,  a  mountain  of  France,  in  tiie  de- 
partment of  the  Calvados,  remarkable  for 
the  refbrt  of  birds  of  prey,  fuch  as  eagles, 
falcons,  kites,  ikc.    3  niilLS  fiom  Falaife. 

An'igno,  a  town  of  tlie  iflr.nd  of  Corfica. 
8  miles  E.  C>.U  i. 

Arrrm,  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  the  province 
of  Adirbeitzan.   90  miles  SE.  Tabris. 

ylrrion,  or  Carriojit  a  river  of  Spain, 
which  runs  into  the  Pifuerga,  near  its  union 
■with  t!;e  Diiero. 

Avrijluiii^  a  fmall  ifhiuci  in  the  Atlantic, 


A  R  S 

near  the  coaft  of  Portugal.  Long  8. 55- W. 
Lat.  37.  14.  N. 

Arrif\  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar, 
20  miles  S.  Patna. 

Arrivacourchy,  a  town  and  fort  of  Hin- 
dooifan,  in  Mylbre.  In  1790,  it  was  taken 
by  the  Britifli,  under  Genera!  Meadows  ; 
and  in  1799,  ceded  to  Great-Britain.  20 
miles  E.  Daraporum,  and  23  N.  Dindigul. 
Long.  T].  s^"  E.    Lat.  10.  45.  N. 

Arro,  Ca/ud&f,  an  inlet  of  the  North  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia,  on  the 
weilcoalf  of  North-America,  eaft  of  Quadra 
pnd  Vancouver's  ifland.  Long.  zt,-;.  9.  E. 
Lat.  4.  2  S.N. 

Arrce,  an  ifSand  of  Denmark,  in  the  Bal- 
tic, containing  three  p:\rifhesand  many  gen- 
tlemen's feats  ;  it  is  mountainous,  but  inier- 
fjckd  with  fertile  valiies.  It  lies  fouth  of 
the  iiland  of  Funen,  and  welt  of  Langeland. 
Long.  ID.  20.  E.  Lat.  54.  S2>'  N. 

Arroe,  lee  Aroe. 

Arroja  de  St.  Serz'a?i,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Eltramadura.     3  miles  S.  Merida. 

ArrcjoloSi  fee  Arrayolos. 

Anon,  or  Avon,  a  river  of  France,  which 
runs  into  the  Loire,  near  Decize. 

Arronckes,  fee  Aronckes. 

Arrone,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs  from 
lake  Bracciano  to  the  Mediterranean.  Long. 
12.  li.E.  Zrf/.  41.  53.  N. 

Arrones,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre* 
7  milesS.Eftella. 

Arros,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
tlie  Adour,  near  Aire,  in  the  department  of 
I/andes, 

Arron,  -a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Eure  and  Loire.  20  miles  SSW., 
Chartrcs. 

Arroukage,  fee  Arackhage. 

Arroya  de  Elnwdina,  a  town  of  South- 
America,  in  the  government  of  Buenos 
Ayres.     165  miles  NNW.  Buenos  /lyres. 

Arroya  de  Paben,  a  town  of  South -Ame- 
rica, in  the  government  of  Buenos  Ayres. 
180  miles  NNW.  Buenos  Ayres. 

Arroya  dd  Ramallo,  a  town  of  Soutli- 
Amenca,  in  the  government  of  Buenos 
4yit's,    150  niiles  NNW.  Buenos  Ayi es. 

Arrou\,  a  river  of  France,  which  riles 
near  Ai  nay  le  Due,  and  runs  into  the  Loire 
betu'cen  Digoin  and  Mottc  St.  Jean,  in  the 
department  of  the  Saone  and  Loire. 

Arron.Vi  a  river  ot  England,  which  runs 
into  the  Lug,  near  Leominller,  in  Hereford- 
ihire. 

Arro-vj,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs  frora 
Lough-Arrow  to  the  lea,  5  m.  SW.  Sligo. 

Arro-vja/.i,  a  town  of  Ilirjdooitan,  in  the 
circar  of  Benares.     8  miles  NNW.  Benares. 

Ars,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Creule.     5  miles  NW.  Aubuflbn. 

Arj,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into  the 
fca  near  cape  Finillcrre,  in  Gy.licia. 


A  R  S 


ART 


Arsf  a  town  on  the  fouth-wcfl:  cnafl  of  i!ie 
ifland  of"  Re.  6  miles  W.  St.  Martin  de  Re. 
Long.i.  zj.  W.   Lat.  46.  12.  N. 

Arf.icc,  a  town  of  Syria,  in  the  pacl'.alic 
of  Aleppo,  fuppoied  to  be  the  ancient  Min- 
niza.    16  miles  NNW.  Aleppo. 

y/zy^/cA/c"/,  the  lame  with  Soloraon'slflands, 
lb  named  by  Surville,  in  1769. 

Arfago,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  JMilanefe. 
12  miles  N.  Milan. 

Arfchot,  or  AerJl:hoU  'a  townof  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Dyle,  lituated  on  the 
Demer,  creeled  into  a  dutehy  by  the  empe- 
ror Charles  V.  in  the  vear  1533.  2c  miles 
SE.  Antwerp,  and  7  NE.  Louvain.  Long. 
4.  29.  E.  Lat.  24.  25.  N. 

AiJee-\vah,zlo\vn  of Hindooftan, in Orifla. 
30  miles  SW.  Surgooja. 

Arfeinini^  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Sardinia. 
7  miles  SW.  Cagliari. 

^'yfci!,  an  illand  in  the  Red  Sea.    Lat.  24. 

Arji';:,  a  river  of  Turkifh  Armenia,  which 
runs  into  the  Euphrates,  ne.ir  ilija., 

Arfciidckan,  fee  Arzengan. 

Arfiriiia,  a  linall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coall  of  Africa.  Long.  16.  W. 
Lat.  19.  30.  N. 

Arficl,  fee  Arfur. 

Arjiera,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Vicentin. 
20  miles  N.  Vicenza. 

Arjk,  a  town  of  Rullia,  in  the  government 
of  Kazan.  40  miles  NNE.  Kazan.  Long. 
49.  34.  E.  Zi?/.  56.  20.  N. 

Arfojfa,  or  Refafa-en-kejhavi-,  a  fortrefs 
of  Syria.  70  miles  SE.  Aleppo.  Long.  1%. 
50. E.  Lat.zs.  38.  N. 

Arfona,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Feltrin. 
5  miles  N.  Feltri. 

Arfonval,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aube-     23  miles  E.  Troyes. 

Arjbus,  a  town  of  Syria,  near  the  fea 
coall.     15  miles  S.  Alexandretta. 

Afja,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  province 
ot  Schirvan,  on  the  Kur.  40  miles  SSW. 
Scamachie. 

Arf'uida,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Gcflricia. 
15  miles  SW.  Gefle. 

Arfur.,  or  ArJ'uf,  or  AJJor,  or  Arfid,  a 
feaport  town  of  Syria,  in  which  is  a  fortrefs, 
with  a  garrifon,  and  a  mofque.  It  was  here 
that  Solomon  laid  the  foundations  of  the 
city  of  AlFor  or  Arfid,  which  afterwards 
changed  its  name  to  ApoHonta.  AiTur,  after 
experiencing  ail  the  horrors  of  war,  and 
being  tvvice  deftroyed,  was  rcp.iired  by  vVulus 
Gabinius,  governor  of  Syria  and  Judea. 
Godfrcyof  Bouillon  befieged  it,  after  caking 
Jerufaleai,  without  effect  ;  but  it  was  taken 
by  his  liiccefior  Baldwin  I.  In  1265,  it  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  Turks.  It  is  a  poor 
place,  though  dignified  with  the  title  of  city. 
10  miles  N.  Jaffa.  Long.  11,  2.  E.  Lat. 
32.  13.  N. 


Arfuray  a  fnr.'ll  ifland  in  the  GrceidH. 
Archipelago.     30  miles  N.  Pelagnili. 

Art,  fee  U?:terart. 

Arta^  a  river  of  Albania,  which  runs  into 
the  gulf  of  Arta,  near  the  town  fo  called. 

Aria,  or  Larta,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  the  province  of  Albania,  near  a 
gulf  to  which  it  gives  name.  The  inliabi- 
tants  carry  on  a  confiderable  trade  in  tobac- 
co and  ikins.  The  gulf  is  on  the  eaff  ildc 
of  the  Adriatic^  100  miles  NW.  Livadia. 
360  WNW.  Confiantinople.  Long.  ai.  8. 
E.     Lai.  39.  30.  N. 

Artaki,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Na- 
tolia,  on  the  fouth  coafl:  of  the  fea  of  Mar- 
mora. 45  miles  E.  Gallipoli,  and  90  SW. 
Conftantinople.  Long.z-].  34.  E.  Lat.  40k 
18.  N. 

Artakui,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in. 
Romania.     48  miles  NW.  Giillipoli. 

Arta'a,  a  town  of  Georgia.  40  miles  S. 
Tellis. 

ArtaniTja,  a  tov/n  of  Rudia.  120  miles 
SSE.  Tc;bolIlv. 

Art  an,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Ca- 
ramania.     24  miles  S.  Akicrai. 

Artj):a,  or  Ortana,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Navarre,     15  miles  from  PampcJunu. 

Artani,  a  town  of  Turklfli  Armenia,  ay 
miles  S.  Akalzike. 

Artaviva,  a  tov/n  of  Mingrelia.  no  m. 
NE.  Trebifond. 

Artasate,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Armenia, 
on  the  river  Araxes,  now  in  ruins.  15  miles 
S.  Erivan. 

Artc?!ay,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart.- 
mentof  the  Loiret.    11  miles  N.  Orleans. 

Artern,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Mansiiekl,  on  the  Unitrutt.  10 
miles  SW.  Eifzleben,  and  29  NNE.  Erfurt, 
Long.  11.22.  E.  Lat.  51.  23.  N. 

Artha,  a  river  of  South-V7ales,  which 
runs  into  the  fea,  10  miles  S.  Aberifl;with. 

Arthes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Pyrenees.  15  miles 
NW.  Pan. 

y'lrthiir  Kail,  or  Nev^ark  Bay,  fee  N^nj::- 
ark  Bay. 

Artibonite,  a  river  of  St.  Domingo,  which 
rifes  in  the  mountain  of  Cibao,  and  runs  into 
the  fea  a  little  to  the  N.  of  Mnrne  au  Diable. 

Artik-ahad,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
the  gov.;rnment  of  Sivas.  12  m.  SSE.  Tocat. 

Artingal,  one  of  the  Pelew  iflands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean. 

Artinguny,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Marawar.    6  miles  E.  Ramanadporum. 

Artifch,  fee  Argifch.        '     _  ' 

Artogna,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 

Artoif,  a  province  of  i  ranee  before  the 
mcnt  of  the  Benaco.  12  miles  SS\^^ 
Breno. 

revolution,  bounded  on  the  north  by  F];pa 
ders,  on  the  weft  and  foutli  by  Picardy,  and 


A  R  V 

«n  the  caft  by  Hainaut  and  the  Camhrefis ; 
jibout  75  mites  in  length,  and  36  in  breadth. 
The  commerce  is  principally  in  grain,  wool, 
colcftcd,  oil,  and  hemp.  It  was  one  of  tiie 
firlt  countries  conquered  by  the  French,  and 
was  crci^cd  into  a  comtc  by  St.  Louis,  and 
given  to  one  of  the  princes  of  the  blood.  It 
is  novv'  principally  included  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Straits  of  Calais. 

Artoljhehn,  a  town  of  Fiance,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Rlune.  5  miles  SE. 
Schlectilat. 

jlrtoiiy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Loire.  17  m.SW.Nantes. 

Arto72ne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Puy  de  Dome.  15  miles  N.  Cler- 
moct,  and  7  N.  Riom. 

Artoi,  a  town  of  Little  Bukharia.  25 
milt;s  W.  Cafligar. 

/Irtou.ie,  a  town  of  Svria,  in  a  plain  cal- 
led Zaal  Artoude.     15  miles  N.  Damafcus 

Artro,  a  river  of  North-Wales,  which 
nms  into  the  fea  a  little  below  Llanbeder, 
in  Merionedifhire. 

Artjb,  a  river  of  Grand  Bukharia,  which 
runs  into  the  Sir,  near  Otrar. 

jh-stjo,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
ofNyland.  Lofig.zG.  :■..  E.  Lat.  60.  44.  N. 

Artvani,  a  town  of  Turkilh  Armenia,  in 
tlie  government  of  Kars.    60  miles  N.  Kars. 

A?-tzhacb,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  runs 
into  the  Enns,  4  miles  S.  Reiffling,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Stiria. 

Artzhcrg,  a  town  of  Auftria,  near  the 
Enns.     12  miles  SE.  Steyr. 

Arva,  a  town  and  caifle  of  Hungary, 
which  gives  name  to  a  county.  14  miles 
N.  Rofenberg. 

Arva,  a  river  of  Hungary,  which  runs 
into  the  Waag,  11  miles  N.  Arva. 

ylrvnl,  a  town  of  Hindoolfan,  in  B;diar, 
on  t!ic  Soane.     35  miles  SSW.  Patna. 

Arvasi  a  mountain  ofSpain,  bet v/ecn Leon 
and  Qviedo. 

Arnba,  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  the  province 
oi  Mecran,  nearu  cape  of  the  fame  name,  on 
tne  Indian  Ocean.   90  miles  E.  Mecran. 

Arnba,  w  Ornbii,  a  linall  ifland  in  the 
Well-Indies,  near  the  coaif  of  Terra  Firma, 
.d>out  15  rnilcs  in  circumference.  42  miles 
AV.  Curaflba.     Long.  6«).  '^o.  W.    ]-ai.  10. 

:,9.N. 

Aruajrfr,  d,  town  of  Brr.fil,  in  the  govcrn- 
nrcMt  oi"  Para,  ou  the  Guauapa.  140  miles 
WvSW.  Para. 

ArtLColarct^  a  town  of  Hindoolfan,  in 
.Myfbre.     10  miles  N.  Avdenelle. 

Armh,  \\  town  of  France,  in  the  deparN 
iiient  of  tlic  Lower  P.^  renees,    i  \  m.  S.  Pau. 

-7/c.v,  a  river  of  bluvoy,  which  riles  in  the 
AIl)s,  and  runs  into  the  Rhone  near  Oenev,;. 

Arvcrt,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  C'harein,e.  0  miles  S. 
Mareni'iC^. 


A  R  Z 

Ar-ucrf,  or  Armotte,  a  fmall  ifland  Qn  ^ 
the  welt  coaft  of  France,  near  the  mouth  of  I 
the  I'iver  Seudre.  i 

Arvicifo,  a  town  of  Naples,  on  the  eaft 
coatl  of  Calabria  Ultra.    4  miles  S.  Stilo. 

Arvidsjanr,  a  town  of  Swedifh  Lapland, 
75  miles  W.  Pitea.  Lofig.  38.  32.  £► 
Lt//.  65.28.  N. 

Anin,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  lea  at  Little-Hampton  in  SufFex,  cele- 
brated for  Its  mullets. 

Aruna,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Ximo.     25  miles  S.  Nangafaki. 

Aruna  Fiord,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Iceland.    Ltft.  60.  N. 

Arufidtl,  a  town  of  England,  on  the  river 
Arun,  which  gives  it  its  name  :  it  is  a  cor- 
poration and  borough  town,  fending  tv/o 
members  to  the  Britilh  Parliament :  the  cor- 
poration conlifts  of  a  mayor  and  twelve 
burgelFeSj&c:  it  has  twomarketsweeklyjon 
Thurfday  and  Saturday.  Vefiels  of  100 
tons  can  come  up  the  river  to  the  town.  On 
the  north-eafl:  part  of  the  town  Ifands  the 
caftle,  which  confers  the  honour  of  earldom 
on  its  owner  without  creation,  the  property 
of  the  duke  of  Norfolk.  It  has  always  been 
a  place  of  ftrength  ;  a  garrifon  was  placed 
here  to  preferve  it  for  the  fcrvice  of  Charles 
I.  but  compelled  tolurrcndcrto  Sir  William 
Waller  in  1643.     ^3  miies  S.  London. 

Arundel,  a  town  ot  America,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Main,  belonging  to  the  ftate  of 
Mailachullet. 

ArvorcJo,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coaft  of  Brahl.     Lat.  28.  30.  S. 

Ar-jores,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Africa.  Long.  36.  E- 
Lat.  17.  iQ.  N. 

Ants,  a  town  of  Egypt.  8  m.  NW.  Cairo. 

Arn.vai:gcn,  a  town  and  caftle  of  Swifler- 
land,  in  the  canton  of  Berne,  iituatcd  on  the 
Aar.     12  miles  E.  Soleure. 

yirys.,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  FriuH.  lo 
miles'  WSW.  Palma  la  Nuova. 

Arzcic,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Pyrenees.  15  m.N.  Pau. 

Arzauhis,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Nize-Gorodfkoi.  48  miles  S.  Niz- 
nci-Novgorod.  Long.  43.  34.  E.  Lat.  55. 
20.  N. 

Arza7uio,  a  tOAvn  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Finifterre.     5  m.  ENE,  Quimperlc, 

Arzburg,  a  town  of  Gernjany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Bayreuth.     7  m.  E.  Wunfiedel. 

Arzcrgan,  or  Avzcndgian,  or  Arzingaiiy 
a  town  of  Aliatic  Tuikey,  in  the  goverumcnt 
of  Erzerum,  on  the  Euphrates.  45  miles 
W.  Erzerum,  and  120  NE.Sivas.  Long.  y^. 
5C.  E.    Zi?/.  39.  40.  N. 

Arzerc,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Paduan. 
9  miles  SE,  Padua. 

Arzeriun,  fee  Lrzcruvi. 

Arzcs)  a  town  of  thcilland  ofCypruSjfor, 


ASA 

merly  a  confiderable  city,  and  fee  of  a  Greek 
bi(hop,  but  lince  the  pofrclfion  ot  the  iOund 
by  tlic  Turks,  reduced  to  the  condition  of 
a  village. 

y//-2t'xy,  a  feaport  town  of  Algiers,  anci- 
ently known  under  the  name  o'i  Arfenaria. 
The  inhabirants,  when  Dr.  Shaw  was  there, 
made  ufeol  brackifh  water  from  wells  which 
lay  lower  than  the  fea;  but  he  thinks  that 
better  water  had  been  conveyed  anciently 
into  cilierns,  of  which  feveral  then  remained, 
and  were  converted  into  dwelling-houles  by 
the  inhabitants.  A  great  many  ancient  ca- 
pital bafes  and  fliafts  of  pillars  lay  icattcrcd 
about,  and  feveral  fepulchral  infcriptions, 
with  Roman  names.  About  5  miles  from 
the  coaft  are  fome  valuable  fait  pits.  16  m. 
E.  Oran.  Long.  i.  E.  Lat.  5.52.  N. 

Arzignano,  a  town  of  luily,  in  the  Vicen- 
tin.    15  miles  WSW.  Vicenza. 

jfirzilLiy  a  feaport  town  of  M;>rocco,  on 
the  coafl  of  the  Adantic,  iirft  built  by  the 
Romans.  It  was  anciently  fubjedl  to  the 
Goths,  from  whom  it  was  taken  by  the  Ma- 
hometans, who  held  it  till  it  was  taken  and 
burned  by  the  Engliih,  at  tlie  folicitation  of 
the  Goths.  After  that  it  remained  waiie 
and  uninhabited  for  thirty  years.  It  v/as 
rebuilt  by  the  califs  of  Cordova  with  greater 
magnificence  than  before.  In  1470,  it  was 
taken  by  Alphonfb  king  of  Portugal;  but 
abandoned  about  the  end  of  the  1 6th  century. 
15  miles  S.  Tangiers.  Long.  6.  W.  Lat. 
ZS-  3o._N. 

Arzilla,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runi  into 
the  Adriatic,  a  little  N.  of  Fano. 

Arzingur,  a  town  of  Ilindooilan,  in  Gu- 
zerat.     8  miles  N.  Damaun. 

Arzua,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Galicia.  12 
miles  E.  Compoltclla. 

^/,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Jamtland,  near 
lake  Storfio.  ^  miles  N.  Oflerfund,  and  90 
li\Y.  Sundlwall. 

A/a,  a  river  in  the  archdutchy  of  Auftria, 
which  runs  into  the  Danube,  a  miles  N. 
Efferding. 

Afabra,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Aragon,  near  Morillo. 

Afad,  a  town  of  Pcrlia,  in  Farfiflan.  57 
miles  SW.  Yefd. 

Afad-abadi  a  tov/n  of  Perfia,  in  the  Irak, 
on  the  frontiers  of  Kurdiftan,  large  and  well 
peopled      70  miles  NW.  Ilamadan. 

Ajangaro,  a  town  of  South- America,  in 
the  diocefe  of  La  Paz,  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
lake  Titiaca.  i;,n  miles  NNW.  La  Paz. 
LoTig.  69.  W.  Lat.  15.  T,^.  S. 

Afaralic,  a  town  of  Chineie  Tr.rtary,  in 
the  province  of  Hami.     50  m.  NW.  Ilami. 

Afarna,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Jaiinland, 
on  the  Liunga.  84  miles  W.  Sundfwall. 
Long.  14.  7.  E.  Lat.  62.  38.  N. 

Afaro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  tiie  vallcv  of 
Noto.     8  miles  S.  Nicofia. 


A  S  C 

Afjs,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
ofSchonen.  Long.  iz.^o.'E.  Lat.  ^C.ii.K, 

Ajlscky  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  the 
bilhoprie  of  Munlfer,     4  miles  SE.  Aahus, 

Ajhcn,  or  Agadcs,  a  country  of  Africa, 
fituated  to  the  wcit  of  Bornou,  and  nordi  of 
Calhna,  Long.  9.  to  i6.  E.  Lat.  19. to  23.  N, 

Ajk'tyic^  Hajh-t. 

Ajbroit,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  South  Goth- 
land.    6  miles  N.  Wardberg. 

Ajlutrg,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart* 
raent^of  the  Rocr.  6  nulcs  E.  iVicurs,  and 
18  W.  L)uifburg. 

AJcaln,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Pyrenees.  12  miles  troni 
Bayunne. 

Aj'calon,^  town  of  Paiefline,  fituated  on 
the  fea  coalf.  This  was  one  of  the  live 
fatrapics  of  Egypt.  At  the  tiine  when  the 
Chrilfian  princ>.s  took  J-.-rufaieuj ;  it  was  in 
the  hands  of  tlie  caliph  of  Egy]jt,  and  was 
the  only  lo^v•n  which  made  a  powerful  op- 
pulition  to  their  arms;  for  it  was  not  redu- 
ced till  the  year  115  2,  in  the  re;gn  of 
Baldwin  III.  it  was  ceded  to  SaTadin, 
wlien  the  Chnltians  loft  Jeruialeni;  and 
again  taken  in  119 2,  by  I<ichard  I.  king  of 
England.  Frederick  li.  emperor  and  kin^ 
of  Jeruliilem,  coufign-d  the  fortrefs  by  a 
diploma,  to  the  care  of  tiie  knights  of'St. 
Jonn  of  Jeruialeni;  which  diploma  was  cjn- 
lirnicd  by  his  Ion  Conrad,  king  of  tlie  lio- 
mans.  iiwas  liowever  abandoned,  with  the 
rell  of  the  holy  land.  It  is  now  reduced  to 
a  mean  place,  like  ucher  cities  lubjed  to  the 
'i'urks.  14  miles  N.  Gaza,  and  30  SW. 
Jeruialeni.  Z^/vi'-.  34.47.E.  Z^/.  31.  3S.N. 

Ajl-ara,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  province 
of  Simoodfuke.     95  mihs  N.  Jedo. 

Afcoujaoti,  an  ifland  of  the  Atlantic. 
Long.  6,0.  W.   Lat.  20.  25.  S. 

Afctfujion  Ijla/id,  an  illand  in  the  ocean, 
between  Africa  and  Bralil,  diicovered  by 
Triilram  Acuna,  in  1508,  on  HolyThurfday, 
whence  the  name;  about  60  miles  in  cir- 
cumference; mountainous,  fandy,iand  barren, 
few  places  being  lit  for  tillage.  It  is  chieliy 
valuable  to  the  homeward-bound  Ihipping, 
on  account  of  its  excellent  harbour,  and  the 
vaft  quantities  of  fea-fowl,  filh,  and  turtle, 
which  are  found  in  it,  as  vv'ell  as  ibme  gtAits, 
v/hofe  llefli  is  not  inferior  to  mutton  in  Iweet- 
ncf:,  and  dehcacy.  In  the  crevice  of  a  rock 
there  is  a  place  called  by  the  failors  Th 
Pojl-Ojjicc,  where  Ihips  leave  letters  for  each 
othcivihut  up  in  a  well-corked  bottle,  whicli 
the  next  that  comes  breaks  open,  and  leaves 
another  in  its  Head.  Captain  Cook,  whu 
ffjpped  here  in  1775,  fays,  the  ifland  of 
AfceDbon  is  about  10  miles  in  length,  in  the 
dirciition  of  north-weft  and  fouth-ealf,  and 
about  five  or  lix  in  breadth.  It  (hews  a  fur- 
f  ice  conipofed  of  barren  hills  and  vallits,  on 
the  moii  yl  wliith  not  a  Ihrub  vr  pluut  1?  tw 


A  S  C 

be  fcen  for  fcveral  miles,  and  where  we 
found  nothing  but  ftones  and  fand,  or  rather 
flags  and  allies  ;  an  indubitable  fign  that  the 
ifle,  at  fome  remote  time,  has  been  deftrcyed 
by  a  volcano,  which  has  thrown  up  vafi: 
heaps  of  ftones,  and  even  hills.  A  high 
mountain  at  the  fouth-eaft  end  of  the  iile, 
feems  to  be  left  in  its  original  ftate,  and  to 
have  efcaped  the  general  deftruclion.  Its 
foil  is  a  kind  of  white  marl,  which  yet  re- 
tains its  vegetative  quali\ies,  ard  produces  a 
kind  of  purflain,  fpurge,  and  one  or  two 
graffes  :  on  thefe  the_  goats  lubfill,  and  it 
is  at  this  part  of  the  ifle  v/here  thev  are  to 
be  found,  as  alfo  land-crabs,  Vvhich  arefu'd 
to  be  very  good  ;  I  was  told,  that  about  this 
part  of  the  ifle  is  fome  very  good  land,  on 
which  might  be  raifed  many  neceflary  arti- 
cles; and  fome  have  been  at  the  trouble  of 
fowing  turnips,  and  other  ufeful  vegetables. 
Long   14.  28.  W.  Lat.  8.S. 

Afce>iJion  B^y,  in  the  gulf  of  Honduras, 
on  theeaft  coaft  of  Yucatan.  Long.  88.  j6. 
W.  Lat.i().  :,o.N. 

Jfck,  ox  Jfcha,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  a 
lordfliip  of  the  fime  name,  between  the 
principality  of  Culmbach  and  Bohemia. 
Bcfidcs  the  town  of  Afch,  this  lordl'hip  con- 
tains about  20  villages.  It  belongs  to  Baron 
Zedwitz,  under  the  en.iperor  of  Auftria,  as 
king  of  Bohemia.  12  miles  ESE.  Hof,  and 
iI\NW.Eger.  Lorig.Ti,  16.  E.  Lat.  ^o.io. 

/Ifcka,  a  town  ol  AuftriajOn  the  Danube. 
6  miles  N.  EfFerding. 

^Jchach^  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
fhopric  of  Wurzburg.  6  miles  N.  KiHingcn, 
and  33  N.  Wurzburg. 

A/chaff,  a  fmr.ll  river  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  which  runs  into 
tiio  Mayno  ncarStockftadt. 

Z'fchffjjeiib-.irg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Franconia.  It  was  formerly  Im- 
perial ;  it  afterwards  belonged  to  the  arch- 
biflrop  of  Mtntz,  and  is  now  the  capital 
cf  that  Elc6ror,  who  took  the  tide  of  Elec- 
tor of  Afchaffenburg,  with  fuch  of  the 
territory  as  was  left  after  the  indemnities, 
and  l-,as  a  mrignificent  palace  iituatcd  on  an 
eminence  near  the  P/Iayne.  In  1796,  it  was 
taken  by  the  French  with  fome  magazines 
belonging  to  the  Auftrians.  In  1800,  it  was 
taken  again.  In  1802,  at  lettling  the  indem- 
nities; it  was  decreed,  that  the  archbiihop 
for  the  future  ihould  only  be  fiilcd  Eledor 
of  Ai'chafTenburg,  and  Count  of  Wetzlar  ; 
that  he  fhould  ilill  officiate  as  arch-clian- 
c-jilor  ot  the  empire,  and  hold  his  office  at 
RatiiLon.  10  miles  SE.  Francfort,  and  .■;6 
E.  P.Iintz.     Long.  9.  7. E.  Lat.  49. 58. N. 

yljll'ara,  lee  Oj'ara. 

j,'!jlhaiifen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Swabia.     8  m.  N.  Ravenfnurg. 

^Ifdc^  a  town  of  Germany,  in  tlie  Vogt- 
IukU,    15  miles  S.  Plauen. 


A  S  E 

Afchenghijko'i,  a  fortrefs  of  Siberia,  on 
the  confines  of  China.  130  miles  SSW.  Se- 
linginflc. 

ylfchercd,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Wurzburg.  6  miles  N.  Ca- 
rolftadt. 

ylfchsrjlehen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Halberftadt,  on  the  Eine, 
It  contains  three  churches,  and  was  once  the 
capital  of  the  county,  with  Hanfeatic  pri- 
vileges, but  has  fuffered  much  by  fire  and 
v/ar  ;  here  is  a  falt-work,  but  unprofitable. 
16  miles  SE.  Halberftadt. 

/^fchivoj?!fre,  a  lake  of  Pruflia.  40  miles 
SE.Konigfberg. 

jlfclojfer,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  South 
Gothland.     12  miles  N.  Wardberg. 

^•f/V^,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Cat:ilonia,  on 
the  Ebro.     30  miles  from  Tortcfa. 

AfcoU,  or  Afcoli  de  Satriano,  a  town  of 
Kaples,  in  the  province  of  Capitanata,  the 
fee  of  a  bifhop,  fuflragan  of  Benevento. 
This  town  was  almoft  deflroved  by  an 
earthquake  in  1399.  h-.  miles ENE.  Naples, 
and  25  SSE.  Luce.  a.  Long.  15.  30.  E.  Lat» 
41.  8.  N. 

ylfcoli,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
marquifate  of  A-icona,  iituated  on  a  moun- 
tain, near  the  Tronto ;  the  fee  of  a  biihop, 
immediately  under  the  Pope.  48  miles  S. 
An  con  a.     Long.  13.  36.  E.  I,at.  42.  46.  N. 

Afcona,  a  town  of  Swiilerland,  in  the 
bailiwick  ofLocarno,  on  the  Lake.  2  miles  S. 
Locarno. 

Afcoytia,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipufcoa, 
on  the  river  Urola.     6  miles  E.  Placentia. 

/Ifcrib  IJlands,  a  chain  of  fmall  iflands, 
in  Loch  Snizort,  near  the  north  coaft  of  the 
IfleofSkie.  Long.6.'z%.\Y.  Lai. sj. 27.!^^. 

A/e,  fee  Orontes. 

Afebhi,  a  town  of  Egypt.  32  miles  N. 
Habaich. 

Affe-ahad,  a  town  of  Cabuliftan.  ■^^  ra. 
S.  C-ibul. 

Afeejgur.,  a  town  ofHindooftan,  in  the 
Car.dcifh.  15  miles  NNE.  Burhampour,  and 
85  S.Indore.  Zc>w5-.76. 28. E.  Zr?/.  21.  33. N. 

Afcur:,  a  tov/n  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Chufiftan.     90  m.  SW.  Ifpahan. 

Afflc,  a  tov/n  of  Swedilh  Lapland,  and 
capital  of  a  province  called  the  Lapmark  of 
Afele :  it  has  a  church  of  wood,  built  by 
order  of  Chriftiana  queen  of  Sweden.  The 
Lapmark  is  bounded  on  the  north-weft  bv 
Norway,  on  the  eaft  by  the  Lapmark  of 
Umea,  on  the  fouth  by  Angermannland, 
and  on  the  fouth-weft  by  Jamtland.  85 
miles  W.  Umea.  Long.  17.  4.  E.  Lat  64. 
12.  N. 

Afenariga,  a  town  of  the  Ifle  of  Cyprus. 
8  miles  E.  Larnica. 

ylfcrrado,  a  river  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba, 
which  runs  into  the  Spanifh  Main,  on 
the  luuth  coa^f.  Long.  76. 40.  W.  Lat.  20.N. 


ASH 

Aft-rraJore:,  rocks  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
near  the  coait  of  Nicaragua.  Loi:g.ZZ.  ^. 
W.  Lat.  12.  45.  N. 

Aferradorci,  L"s,  two  rocky  iflcts,  near 
the  Ibuth  coalt  of  the  Ifle  ot"  Cuba.  J^o;:i^. 
76.  a.  W.  Ldt.  20.  I.N. 

Asfaca,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  Mecran.  100 
miles  NNE.Kich. 

Asfa7iy  fee  Osflv:. 

Asfdd  la  Villc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Ardennes.  13  miles  N. 
Reims. 

AsfuKy  a  town  of  Egypt,  fuppofcd  by 
D'Anville  to  have  been  anciently  called  Al- 
phunis,  or  Afphynis  ;  according  to  Norden, 
it  was  a  tolerably  handfome  town,  with  a 
niofque.     4  miles  N.  Arment. 

Ajha,  a  town  of  Aullria.  4  m.  N.  EfFerding. 

Ajhut  a  river  of  Auftria,  which  runs  into 
the  Danube,  2  miles  N.  Efferding. 

Ajhah,  a  town  of  Syria,  in  the  defeit.  150 
miles  SE.  Aleppo. 

Ajhaja  Tujla,  fee  Soli. 

Ajhavjillei,  a  river  of  New-Hampfhire, 
which  runs  into  the  Connecticut,  Long.  72. 
a6.  V»'.  Lat.  42.  45.  N. 

Ajhaiif  a  river  ot  Germany,  which  runs 
into  the  Lechte,  near  Zell. 

Ajhhonrn,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Derby,  on  the  eaft  iide  of  the 
river  Dove,  on  the  borders  of  Staft'ordihirc  ; 
it  has  a  weekly  market  on  Saturday  ;  and  it 
contains  about  2000  inhabitants.  10  miles 
NW.  from  Derby,  and  139  NNW.  London. 

Ajbburgan,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia,  45 
m.  W.Balk.  Long.  64.30.  E.  Lat.  36  44.  N. 

Ajhhurton^  a  town  cf  England,  in  the 
county  of  Devon,  in  a  valley,  with  hills  to 
the  north  and  fouth.  It  is  an  ancient  bo- 
rough, and  returns  two  members  to  the  Bri- 
ti{h  Parliament.  It  is  one  of  the  fourftan- 
rary  towns  of  Devonshire,  and  has  mines  of 
tin  and  copper  in  its  neighbourhood.  It 
has  tv.'O  markets  weekly  ;  one  on  Tuelday, 
chiefly  for  wool  and  yarn,  for  the  convve- 
rience  of  the  ferge  manufadure  carried  on 
in  the  town;  and  on  Saturday  for  provilions. 
In  1 801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  3080, 
of  which  267  were  employed  in  trade  and 
manufa-flures.  19 1  miles  WSW,  Exeter,  23^ 
ENE.  Plymouth,  and  i9'2^  W.  London. 

Ajhhiinikam,  a  tov.'n  of  MafTachufets.  45 
miles  WNW.  Boiton, 

Ajhby  de  la  Zouch,  a  town  of  England,  in 
the  county  of  Leiceller,  near  the  borders  of 
Derbyihire,  with  a  weekly  market  on  Sa- 
turday. The  number  of  its  inhabitants,  in 
i8or,  was  2674  ;  and  the  principal  trade  is 
making  malt.  12  miles  S.  Derby,  and  115 
K.  London. 

Aihdov,  or  AJJif7gdon,  a  village  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  of  EiTex  ;  in  1016,  Ed- 
mund Ironlide  met  here  a  terrible  defeat 
from  the  Dane.  4  m.  NE.  Saffron-Waldcn. 


ASH 

AJIjdiivn,  a  vcaCc  of  land,  near  I  Hey,  -m 
Berklhire ;  a  battle  was  fought  hert  between 
the  Saxons  and  the  Danes,  in  which  the 
latter  were  defeated,  chiefly  through  the 
condud  of  Alfred. 

Ajjsr^.  or  Albtrf,or  EJliref,  ox  Afirefy 
a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Mazandcran,  where 
Shah  Abbas  had  a  palace,  iltuatcd  in  a  bay 
of  the  Caipian  S-.-a.  15  miles  liSE.  Fchrabad. 


E.  Lat. 


:2.N. 


Ajhfera,  ke  Esfcrc. 

Ajhford-iX  town  of  England,  in  thecounty 
of  Kent,  fituated  on  the  river  Stour.  It  has 
a  monthly  market  for  cattle,  on  the  firlt 
Tuefday,  and  weekly  market  on  Saturd;iy, 
for  corn,  &c.  In  iSoi,  the  number  of  inha- 
bitants was  2151,  of  whom  1357  were  em- 
ployed in  trade  and  manufadures.  27  miies 
ESE.  Rochelter,  i%\  NW.  Hithe,  and  57 
ESE. London.  Long.  o.  52.E.  Lat.  ^i.  9.  N. 

A/'/jJordy  a  town  of  Conncviticut.  20  miles 
E.  Hertford. 

Ajbhara,  a  tov/n  of  Perfia,  in  Cliorafan. 
130  miles  W.  Herau 

AJhipoo,  a  river  of  South-Carolin '.  wh'ch 
runs  into  the  Allandc,  L'.ng.  80.  3o.W.Zr/?/, 
33.25.N. 

Ajhlpco,  a  town  of  Soutli-Carolnia,  on  a 
river  lb  called.  Lon7.  80.  26.  VV.  jL;?/.  32. 
46.  N. 

Ajbing  Key,  a  fmall  lov/  ifland  on  the 
Spanifh  Main,  on  the  Molquito  fhore.  Long. 
82.  35.  W.  Lat. 11.  30.  N. 

yljbley,;x  river  of  Noith-Anieric;!,  which 
runs  into  the  lea  on  the  fouth-welt  hde  ot 
Charles  Town,  in  South-Carolina,  Long.  79. 
52.W.  Zr//.  32.4.1N. 

Ajbky  nver,  a  river  of  "Weft-Florida, 
which  runs  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Long. 
84,  2o.Wj     Lat.  29.  58   N. 

Ajbnion,^.  town  of  Egypt.    8  m.  N.  Bafta. 

AJbnmnein.,  or  Archcvinnahi,  or  /Ifcoinu- 
nci/2,  a  tov/n  of  Egypt,  which  gives  name  to 
a  conliderable  diitricf  of  which  it  is  the  ca- 
pital ;  it  is  built  on  the  ruins  of  a  city 
which  Dr.Pocockfuppoles  to  be  the  ancient 
Hcrmopo'is,  or  city  of  Mercury.  3  miles  N. 
Meloui,  and  118  S.  Cairo.  Long.  31.  10.  E. 
Lat.%Z.  lo.N. 

AJhnmii-Tanah.  a  town  of  Egypt,  fituated 
on  a  canal  of  the  Nile,  called  the  canal  of 
Aihrnan-Tanah,  wirich  runs  into  the  lake 
Menzaleh,  and  af  erwards  into  the  Medi- 
terranean, at  Dibch.  This  canal  is  fup- 
pofed  to  be  that  v/hich  the  ancients  called 
Mendelian.  12  miles  E.  Manlbra,  and  ao 
S-.  Damietta. 

AJbnagur,  fee  Aden.agnr. 

Ajhor,  a  town  of  Pcriia,  in  Chirafan.  120 
miles  Vv'NW.  Mcfhid.  Long.  54.  20.  E. 
Lat.T^T.si'l^' 

AJhovL'J,  or  ^Jhy  Head,  a  cape  of  Den- 
mark on  the  eait  coait  of  Jutland.  I^'j-  g' 
ic.  7.  E.  Lat.ss   45.  N« 


A  S  I    - 

4Jliov!r,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Derby;  in  1801  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants was  2 1 19.     8  m.  NNE  Wirkfworth. 

AJh-onrie-vion-kar,  a  cape  of  Algiers,  pro- 
ieding  into  the  Mediterranean.  Long.  5. 
J3.E.  /W/.37.N. 

Ajhciity  a  town  of  Syria.  25  miles  S. 
Tripoli. 

Ajhref,  fee  AJloeref. 

Alhta,  a  town  of  ilindooftan,  in  Malwa. 
38  miles  ENE.  Ir.dore. 

Ajhtican,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia.  ao 
miles  W.  Sarniarcand. 

AJhtev.-undcr-Line,  a  town  of  England, 
in  Lancafhire,  on  the  Tame.  In  i8oi,the 
number  of  inhabitants  within  its  parifli  was 
15,632,  of  which  18,635  were  employed  in 
trade  and  manufacture.  9  m.E.  Manchefter. 

Ajhtonin  Makesfield,  a  town  of  England, 
In  Lancafliire.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inha- 
bitants was  3696,  of  which  1620  were  cm- 
ployed  in  manufaiflures.  8  miles  NNW. 
Warrington. 

Aj'hiik,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Moful,  on  the  Tigris.  25 
miles  SE.  Tecrit. 

AJia,  one  of  the  quarters  of  the  world,  and 
inferiur  in  fize  only  to  America,  furpafling 
in  extent  Europe  and  Africa  taken  together, 
lies  to  the  call  of  Europe.  It  was  fo  called, 
if  we  are  to  believe  the  Greeks,  curious  in 
fearching  after  the  etymology  of  words, 
from  Aha,  daughterof  Oceanus  and  Thetis; 
others  fay,  that  it  derived  its  name  from 
Alius,  the  Ion  of  Atys  king  of  Lydia ; 
while  Bochart  is  of  opinion,  that  it  took  its 
rame  from  the  Phcenician  word  Afi,  (ignify- 
ing  the  middle  :  but  all  this  is  mere  con- 
jedure.  1'his  part  of  the  world  has  the  ad- 
vantage of  Iiaving  been  the  refidence  of  the 
iirft  man,  ai^dof  having  fent  colonies,  which 
have  peopled  the  reft  of  the  world.  Here 
man  received  the  laws  from  God,  and  here 
tl'iC  Saviour  of  mankind  pafl'cd  the  Vv'hole  of 
hjs  mortal  life  ;  many  of  the  greateft  em- 
pires have  been  eftablilliLd  in  this  part  of 
the  world  ;  jirft,  the  empire  of  the  Chal- 
deans or  Afiyi ians  ;  then  that  of  the  Medcs, 
founded  by  Arbaces,  which  ended  in  Afty- 
ager, ;  from  whom  it  was  removed  to  the 
Periians  by  Cyrus,  until  the  death  of  Da- 
rius; tlicn  to  tlie  Greeks  or  Macedonia'-.s, 
under  Alex:mdcr  the  Great  ;  after  him,  the 
I'arthians,  the  Periiims,  the  Turks,  and 
Saracens,  and  the  Mcguls,  have  each  been 
powerful.  At  piefcnt  it  is  divided  into 
feven  principal  parts,  Afiatic  Turkey,  Ara- 
bia, Perlia,  India,  China,  Tartary,  and  Si- 
beria :  to  which  m.iy  be  added  a  great  num- 
ber of  iflands,  fuch  as  the  iflands  of  Japan, 
the  Ladrone  iflands,  the  Philippine  iflands, 
the  Moluccas,  Amboyna,  Banda,  Celebes, 
Borneo,  Sumatra,  Java,  Ceylon,  Andaman, 
JVicobar,  Maldivc,5cc.    Aliuis  bounded  on 


A  s  r 

the  north  by  the  Frozen  Sea,  on  the  eafl:  by' 
the  North  Pacific  Ocean  and  the  fea  of 
China,  on  the  fouth  by  the  Indian  and  Ara- 
bian Seas ;  on  the  welf  it  is  feparatcd  from 
Africa  by  the  Red  Sea,  and  the  Ifthmus  of 
Suez;  and  from  Europe  by  the  Archipelago, 
the  Straits  of  Gallipoli,  the  Sea  of  Marmora, 
the  Straits  of  Conftantinoplc,  the  Black  Sea, 
and  from  thence  by  an  imaginary,  line  to 
the  Frozen  Ocean,  between  60  and  70  de- 
grees of  E.  Long,  from  London.  Its  fup- 
pofed  extent  is  about  4800  miles  from  the 
Straits  of  Gallipoli  in  the  weft  to  the  eaftern 
fhore  of  Tartary,  and  near  4500  from  the 
fouthern  extremity  of  Malacca  to  the  Frozen 
Ocean.  There  muft  be  a  great  variety  of 
climates  in  a  country  of  fo  vaft  an  extent, 
as  well  as  foil  and  produce ;  yet,  on  the 
whole,  if  we  except  part  of  Arabia  and  Tar- 
tary, and  fome  of  the  more  northern  tracks, 
it  is  in  general  rich  and  fruitful,  and  ibme 
parts  of  it  exceedingly  fo  The  principal  re- 
ligions are  Mahometanifm  and  Paganifm  ; 
to  which  may  be  added  Chriltianity  of  the 
Greek  church,  and  the  dodlrinc  of  Zoroaf- 
ter;  the  principal  languages  are  Arabic,  Per- 
lic,  Tartaric,  Chinele,  Japonefe,  Malayan, 
and  Malabaric. 

Ajta,  a  town  of  Peru,  near  the  coafl.  54 
miles  NNW.  Pico.     Lat.  12.  S5-  N- 

Aftago,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Vicentin, 
and  the  principal  place  oi' the  Setie Communis 
or  Seven  Communes,  which  occupy  the  nor- 
thern and  mountainous  parts  bordering  on 
the  Tyrolefe.  The  foil  i?  in  general  fo  very 
unprodudtive,  that  it  yields  fcarcely  provifion 
for  two  months,  notwithftanding  all  the  ex- 
ertions of  the  inhabitants,  who  are,  in  this 
diftriiS,  more  than  40,000  in  number.  The 
c:ily  good  article  produced  here  is  grafs, 
which  is  of  an  excellent  quality,  and  grows 
in  great  abundance  in  the  vales  and  on  the 
mountains,  in  the  centre  of  the  hills.  In 
virtue  of  the  prerogatives  obtained  both  in 
ancient  and  modern  times,  from  the  Republic 
of  Venice;  tf.cfc,  and  the  thirteen  communes 
of  Verona,  (who  are  allbof  German  defcent,) 
are  permitted  to  graze  their  numerous  flocks 
in  the  flat  provinces,  on  this  fide  the  Mincio; 
fo  that  their  fmall  cattle,  conliffing  of  above 
100,000  fiieep,  often  pals  the  winter  in  the 
plains  of  Verona,  Vicenza,  Padua,  the  Pole- 
fin,  Trevifan,  and  the  Friuh.  The  inhabi- 
tants of  thefe  communes  are  governed  by 
their  own  courts,  confifting  of  two  judges, 
and  a  lecretary  for  every  commune,  who 
hold  their  fittings  at  Afiago.  Highway 
robbery  and  murder  are  crimes  unknown  to 
thefe  fpirited,  v/arlikc,  and  honeft  Germans. 
They  fpeak  a  language  fomewhat  refem- 
bling  the  Saxon  dialed,  except  two  com- 
munes, who  arc  laid  to  fpeak  Italian,  which 
however  they  do  not,  except  to  ftrangers. 
They  intermarry  among  themfelvts  only. 


I 


ASK 

All  are  continually  under  arms,  without  the 
ie.ill  dillini^tion  of  age  or  rank:  they  are 
occalionaily  drilled  by  officers  chjlcn  among 
their  refpcftive  members,  and  are  always 
ready  to  defend  their  frontiers  and  narrow 
pafles.     ao  miles  N.  VicenziJ. 

AfiLxno,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  the  Selia,  heretofore  in  the  lordlliip 
ofVercelii.     4  miles  S.  Vercelli. 

yJfiakurJ,  a  town  of  Curdiftan.  25  miles 
NN\V.  Van. 

Aficnto,  or  JlJantc,  a  country  of  Africa, 
call:  of  the  Gold  Coaft.  Alicnto  the  capital, 
(ituatcd  Long.  o.  30.  W.     Lat.  8.  20.  N. 

Afikala,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Tavallland. 
3 :;  miles  ENE.  Tavafthus.  Long.  25. 18.  E. 
L.jt.  61.  13.  N.  ] 

AjUlo,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
government  of  Buenos  Ayres,  on  lake  Titi- 
aca.     15  miles  W.  Afangaro. 

Afinara,  a  fmall  iHand  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, near  the  NW.  coaft  of  Sardinia,  about 
thiity  miles  in  circumference,  fertile  and  po- 
pulous. In  the  mountains  are  great  numbers 
of  wild  boars,  deer,  buffaloes,  and  falcons. 
/.5/;^.  8.  23.E.     Z-^/.  41.  5.  N. 

Ajlndlo,  a  river  of  Naples,  v/hich  runs 
into  the  Adriatic,  Lofig.  14.  32.  E.  Lat. 
42.  10.  N. 

AJr,  Al,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irac.     30  miles  S.  Nehavend. 
Afiref,  lee  Ajhcref. 

Ajlia,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the  circar 
of  C'.cacole.    25  m.  NW.  Ganjani. 

Ajlafy,  a  town  of  Abafcia,  at  the  mouth  of 
a  river  near  the  Black  Sea.  loom.  NNW. 
An  ikopi;i.  Z<!7//j.  37.  40.  E.  /.tz/.  44.  6.N. 
yljJu-aton,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  tb.e  county 
of  Limerick,  on  the  river  Deal.  It  was  ibr- 
mcrly  a  large  town,  lurrounded  by  walls. 
In  the  17th  century  here  was  a  caflle,  be- 
longing to  the  earls  of  Dcfmond.  It  is  now 
much  decayed,  but  till  the  union  fent  two 
members  to  parliament.  14  miles  SW. 
Limerick. 

Ajlsr-ATitkretn,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Chu- 
fiilan.     20  miles  S.  Toller. 

AJld'o,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Jamtland. 
30  miles  N.  Froibn. 

Ajlerfiuid,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Nericia, 
on  the  Wetter  lake.  Long.  14.  36.  E.  Lat. 
58.  5  ^-.N. 

Ajli^:c,  a  fmall  Ifland  of  Denmark,  near 
the  north  coaft  of  Zealand.  Long.  11.  31. 
E.     Za/.  54.  54.  N. 

Ajli'je,   a  finall  ifland  in  the  North  Sea, 

near  the  coaft  of  Norway.    Lat.  60.  2  7.  N. 

AJkola,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 

of  Nyland.      10  miles   N    Borgo.     Long. 

25.  34.  E.     Lat.  60.  3.  N. 

AJkrig,  a  town  of  England,  in  tlie  North 

Riding  of  Yorkfhire,  with  a  weekly  market 

on  Tuefday,  and  about  760  inhabitants.     40 

miles  NW.  Boroughbridge,  243  N.  London. 

Vol.  I,  L 


A  S  O 

Ajlana,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Malwa# 
26  miles  E.  Sagur. 

Ajling,  or  yejjinizc,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Carniola,  on  the  Save.  16  miles  SSW. 
ClagenRirt. 

Aflo,  fee  Ajjblo. 

AjJtpnan,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Panay.  Long.  122.  5.  E.  Lat. 
10.  42.  N. 

/Ifmooz,  a  town  of  the  Helvetian  Republic, 
in  the  Griions,  on  the  Rhine,  oppofite  to 
the  pafs  of  Lucienfteig,  where  the  French 
threw  a  bridge  acrofs  the  river  in  1798. 

Asnay  or  £f?i(.'h,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the 
Nile.  It  is  a  large  place,  and  the  refldencc 
of  an  Arabian  fclieik,  liippofed  to  be  on  the 
flte  of  the  ancient  Latopolis.  There  are 
fome  remains  of  a  temple.  304  miles  S« 
Cairo.    Long.  i,2,.  22.  ¥..     Lat.  25.  "N. 

Afna,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  coaft  of 
Tripoli.  30  miles  S.  Colbcne.  Long.  16. 
2S.  E.     Lat,  30.  50.  N. 

y////<.7,  a  town  of  Bengal.  18  miles  NW. 
Nagore. 

Afnabadt  a  town  cf  Hindooftan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     4  miles  NE.  Darore. 

Afnah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bengal. 
15  miles  NW.  Birboom. 

Afnaha,  a  town  of  Hindoofl-an,  in  OrifTa, 
4.0  miles  NW.  Harriopour. 

Afiieah,  a  tovv'n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
58  miles  SSE.  Boglipour. 

Afiileres,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
mentoftheUpperVienne.  lom.NW.Bellac. 
Asnik,  a  towm  of  Grand  Bukharia,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Balk.     60  miles  E.  Balk. 

Aso,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  oi 
Niphon.     60  miles  N.  Jedo. 

Asola,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  the  Benaco,  on  the  Chiclii.  20  miles  SSE*' 
Brefcia. 

Asolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Trevifiin, 
near  the  river  Mulbne.  It  is  furrounded  with 
walls  and  gates,  and  upon  the  top  of  the 
hill  ftands  a  fpacious  citadel :  here  are  a  few 
remains  of  P.oman  aqueducts.  Afolo  was  a 
municipal  town  under  the  Romans;  it  came 
afterwards  under  the  dominion  of  the  empe- 
rors of  Germany,  who  cauled  it  to  be  go- 
verned by  vicars  of  the  empire;  but  their 
opprefFive  conduff  induced  the  inhabitants 
to  fubjeft  themfelves,  in  1337,  to  the  re- 
public of  Venice.  By  a  decree  of  the  21ft 
of  July,  1742,  of  the  republic  of  Venice,  the 
town  was  declared  independent:  fbme  of 
the  inhabitants  were  ennobled,  and  qualified 
to  become  knights  of  the  order  of  Malta, 
and  their  church  was  erc^fted  into  a  cathe- 
dral. The  diftridi  belonging  to  the  town  is 
thirteen  miles  in  lengtli  from  eatl  to  weft, 
and  twelve  miles  from  north  to  fouth,  and 
contains  21,000  fouls.  45 m'IcsNE. Verona, 
and  15  NW.  Trevigio.  Lo'ig.  11.  jj.  E. 
Lat,  45.  5c.  N. 


ASP 

'■  "      j^sona,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  rifes  in  the 

Apennines,  and  runs  into  the  Adriatic,  lo 

■     miles  SE.  Fermo.  .     ,     -n     4 

Asofiufo,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  illand 
ofNiphon.     85  miles  N.  Jedo. 

Asophy  fee  Azoph. 

.     Asotida,  a  town  of  yVfrica,  in  the  country 

ofA(I)Cii.     480  miles  S.Mourzouk,  and  320 

N.Cailina.    Long.ii-^o.E.  Lcit. 21^40.^. 

/ '.       _Aioupas,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Farliltan. 

tz  miles  N.  Schlras. 

AspdSh,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  the  princi- 
pality of  Aichftatt.     3  miles  NE.  Spalt. 

Aspach,^  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Gotha.     3  miles  W.  Gotha. 

yf/piT/f!,  a  townof  x\uftiia,  izm.E.Steyr. 

Aspalaga,  a  town  of  Weft-Florida.  Long. 
S4.  35.W.     Lrt/".  30.42- N.        • 

As  pang,  a  town  of  Auftria.  1 7  miles  S. 
Ebcnfurth. 

Afparh',  a  town  of  Auftria.  10  miles  SE. 
Laab. 

Aspas,  a  tov/n  of  Perlla,  in  Chuliftan. 
45  miles  NW.  Iftachar. 

Aspas,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Jamtland. 
100  miles  NW.  Sundfvvall.  Lo/ig.  14.  u. 
£.     Laf.  63.  io..N. 

Aspi',  A  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  lltuated 
on  the  Elda.     12  miles  W.  Alicant. 

Aspe  Vhjo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia. 
10  miles  W.  Alicant.  -     :, 

Asperg,  fee  Hohen  Asperg. 

Asperen,  a  town  of  Holland,  fituated  on 
the  Linge,  famous  for  a  long  fiege  which  it 
held  out  againft  the  Gueldrians,  under  the 
condudt  of  Charles  d'Egmont,  the  laft  duke 
of  Gueldres,  in  1517.  The  ftout  and  long 
reliftance  made  by  the  beheged  fo  enraged 
tJie  Duke,  that  when  he  had  made  himfelf 
mafter  of  the  town,  he  put  every  inhabitant 
to  the  fword,  wit'iout  regard  to  age  or  fex. 
IS  miles  S.  Utrecht,  and  22  E.  Rotterdam. 

Asperjhirch,  a  town  of  Auftria.  5  miles 
SE.  Peyerbach. 

Asperjiorf,  a  tov/n  of  Auftria.  a  miles 
NE.  Sonneberg. 

Aspet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Garonne.     6  miles  SE. 
'     St.  Gaudens. 

Afpeyticft  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipufcoa, 
on  the  Viola.     15  miles  S.  St.  Sebaftian. 

Aspida,  a  river  which  rifes  in  the  Marqui- 
.     fate  of  Ancona,  and  runs  into  the  Adriatic, 
/>c//^^  13.  42.  E.     /.«/.  43.  27.  N. 

Aspiran,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dcpart- 
^     nient  of  Herault.     6  miles  N.  Pezenas. 

As  pis,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  coaft  of 
Tripoli.    J.rj„^.  15. 50.  E.     Lat.  31.  15.  N. 

Aspoe,  a  Ihiall  ifland  of  Sweden,  in  the 
Baltic.     2  miles  SW.  Carlfcron. 

Asprcirmit,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meufe.    4m.SE.  St.  Mihiel. 

Asprcn/ont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Maiitimc  Alpsj  in  the  county 


ASS 

of  Nice,  on  the  left  fide  of  the  Var.    tn 
1742,  it  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards,  and  in 
1744,  by  the  French  and  Spaniards.  6  miles  , 
N.  Nice. 

Afpres  les  Vaynes,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Higher  Alps,  ij 
miles  W.  Gap. 

Ajpfo,  a  mountain  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     8  miles  NW.  Gierace. 

A/pro,  or  Afpro-PrAaino,  a  river  of  Eu- 
ropean Turkey,  which  runs  into  the  fea, 
28  miles  W.  Lepanto. 

Ajproniji,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Grecian 
Archipelago,  near  the  weft  coaft  of  Santo- 
rini,  anciently  called  Theralia.  Long.  2j» 
23.  E.  Lat.  36.  30.  N. 

Afprojpizzla,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key.   10  miles  SSW.  Livadia. 

A/pull,  a  townfliip  of  Lancaniire,_  near 
Manchefter.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inha- 
bitants was  1253,  of  whom  831  were  em- 
ployed  in  manufactures. 

jlfrail,  an  ifland  in  Lake  Menzaleh.  li 
miles  SE.  Damietta. 

Ajfa  Nagga,  a  town  of  Nubia,  no  miki 
S.  Chiggre. 

AjJ'a,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cephalonia. 
16  miles  NNW.  Cephalonia. 

Affa,  a  river  of  Morocco,  v/hich  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  29.  36.  N. 

A£ab,  an  ifland  in  the  Red  Sea,  near  the 
coaft  of  Abyflinia,  anciently  called  Saba. 
The  channel  between  the  ifland  and  the 
continent  is  called  the  road  of  Allab.  Lat. 
I3-3-N. 

AJJlii,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  province  of 
Oomi,  or  Omi. 

AJfam,  a  country  of  Afia,  bounded  en  the 
north  by  Thibet,  on  the  weft:  by  Flindooltan, 
on  the  fouth  by  Meckley ;  the  eaftern  boun- 
daries are  not  known.  The  people  of  this 
country  are  reprefented  as  bound  by  no  re- 
ligion or  rules  but  thofe  of  their  own  inclina- 
tions. In  1665,  the  country  was  invaded  by 
an  army  of  Aurungzebe,  to  punifli  fome  pi- 
racies committed  in  the  towns  bordering  on 
the  Burrampooter,  and  the  king  was  driven 
from  his  kingdom :  but  the  vidorious  army 
fuffered  greatly  from  the  periodical  rains 
which  furprifed  them,  and  they  could  with 
difficulty  get  back  to  Bengal.  The  foil  is 
replete  with  nitre,  and  great  quantities  of, 
gunpowder  are  manufadured.  Affam  was 
conquered  by  the  Mogul  emperor.  Shah 
Jehan,  in  1638. 

Affain  Choky,  a  town  of  Aflam,  on  the 
Burrampooter.     32  miles  E.  Rangamatty. 

A[rau.,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Diarbekir.  40  miles  from 
Diarbekir. 

Ajfan,  a  town  on  the  north-weft  coaft  of 
Sumatra.     Lo?;g.  99.  57.  E.  Lat.  3._5.N. 

Ajfancalec,  a  town  of  Armenia,  built  on  a 
fharp  rock  iu  the  midlt  of  a  plain,  furrcundei 


A.S  S 

.with  walls,  and  defended  with  towers  r.nd  a 
citadel,  in  which  is  kept  a  ganifon:  a  Iniall 
day's  journ^v  from  Erzerum. 

/Ijfciqui?!  Creek,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
runs  into  York  river,  l-ong.  77.  22.  W. 
Lat.  .17.  42.  N. 

/IJfarit,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Romania.     44  miles  ESE.  Filippopoli. 

ylifiirpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Cutch,  at  the  moutii  of  the  Indus. 
2,^  miles  W.  lioogcbooge,  and  105  SE.  Tat- 
ta.     Long.  68.  27.  E.    Lat.  23.  17.  N. 

yl_[jlitJegue,  an  ifland  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coail  of  Llexicn,  about  20  miles  long 
and  two  broad.  Zj;;^'-.  75.20.  W.  Zrr/.^S.N. 

JlJTciimen,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  40  miles  SE. 
Ivonigfberg. 

A[ra\vo^c)vio7i  Ir.lcty  a  narrow  channel  be- 
tween two  fmall  iflands  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coall  of  Virginia.  Long.  75.  30.  W. 
/,.;?/.  3  7- 48.  N. 

JJfa-wdlly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Mc- 
vj-AX.  18  miles  SW.  Oudipour,  and  no 
NW.  Ougein.     Long.  74.  25.  E.   Lat.  24. 

y^IJfele  Ber  anger,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Mayenne.  3  m.  E.Evron. 

Affc  le  Bolfvc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Sarte.  8  miles  SSW. 
Alencon. 

Affeen,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  tlie  province 
of  Lariftan.     10  miles  N.  Gamhron. 

Ajfeet,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Oude.' 
16  miles  S.  Budayeon. 

A[Telcu,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
iliopric  of  Paderburn.   9  m.  SE.  Paderburn. 

AjJ'cler  Sand,  an  ifland  in  the  Elbe,  be- 
low Hamburg.  Long. c). 26.  E.  />r7.''.53.42.N. 

Aj/l'/o,  or  y///5,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Far- 
fiftan,  on  the  north  coafl:  of  the  Periian  gulf. 
130  miles  S.  Schiras.  Long.  5  2.  25.  E.  Lat. 
27.  26.  N. 

Affeni-,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  capital  of 
Ardra.  Jn  the  beginning  of  the  i8th  cen- 
tury, this  town  was  deftroyed  by  the  king 
of  Dahomy. 

Affon,  or  Lajfeni,  a  town  on  the  north 
coalt  of  the  ifland  of  Java.  Long.  in.  21. 
E.  Lat.  6.  42.  S. 

Ajjem-Kalafi,  or  Afynkalaji,  a  forlrefs  of 
Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Natolia,  founded  on  the 
ruins  of  the  ancient  Jafus.  Lotjg.  27.  32. 
E.    Lat.  37.  18.  N. 

Ajjin,  a  town  of  Holland,  and  capital  of 
the  quarter  of  Drent,  in  the  ftate  of 
Overylsel.  20  miles  NNW.  Covorden,  and 
II  S.  Groningcn.  Long.  6.  24.  E.  Lat. 
52.58.  N. 

AjfcnJi,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  fu- 
bah  of  Delhi.    25  miles  W.  Pannyput. 

Ajjeneboyne,  a  river  of  North-America, 
which  runs  into  Lake  Winnipeg.  Long. 
97.  W.  Lat.  $0.  30.  N. 

Ajjenede,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 

L  2, 


ASS 

ment  of  the  Schtld.     1  mile  SW.  Sas  dc 
Ghent. 

AJfcnketm,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Solms  Rudclheim,  at  the  conflux 
of  the  Wetter  and  the  Nidda.  1 1  miles  NE. 
Franckfurt   on  tlie  Mayn,    and   28   ENE, 
Mcntz.     Long.  8.  48.  E.    Lat.  50.  19.  N. 
AJJens,  a  fcaport  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
^vcll  coall  of  the  ifland  of  Fyen,  with  a  liar- 
hour  in  the  Little  Belt.     In  1535,  this  town 
was  burned  down  by  Rantzee,  general  of 
Chrirtian  III.  Long.Q.s\.Y..  Z«;; 55.  2 o.N. 
AJlradoes,  fee  Ajjerradorcs. 
Ajfcrigo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     7  miles  NE.  Aquila. 

AjTcro  Babe,  a  town  of  Nubia.  110  miles 
S.  Chiggre. 

AJTes  Ears,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Chinefs 
Sea.     Lo?ig.  114.  7.  E.    I,at.  21.  ss-  N. 

Ajjeivan,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Moul- 
tan.     24  miles  W.  Adjodin 

y//^iiv7;/,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
25  miles  W.  Lucknow.  Long.  80.  52.  E. 
Lat.  26.  49.  N. 

AJliJ,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oudc, 
25  miles  W.  BiflLwia. 

AJfieu,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  road  from 
Mourzouk  to  Agades.  200  miles  S.  Mour- 
zouk.    Lo?ig.  13.  E.    Lat.  24.  45.  N. 

Aftn,  a  tov^'n  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Sivas.  20  miles  S.  Amafia. 
AJJinea,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  feparates 
the  gold  coaft  from  the  ivorv  coaft,  and  runs 
into  theAtlantic,  Long.^.W.  Lat.  5.  10. 
N.  At  its  mouth  is  a  town  or  village  of  ths 
fame  name. 

/Ijjinipoils,  a  tribe  of  Indians  in  North- 
America,  originally  a  part  of  the  Nawdow- 
eiflies,  from  whom  they  feparated,  but  yet 
fpeak  their  language. 
Aj/lngdon,  fee  Ajhdon. 
^^y/,atownofthePopedom,inthedutchy 
ofSpolcto,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop.  15  miles  W-- 
Nocera,  20  NNW.  Spoleto.  Lang.  12.  30- 
E.   Lat  43.  3-  N. 

Ajjita,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Ximo.     22  miles  W.  Udo. 
Afnit,  fee  Siut. 

Affb,  ovAjJos,  afeaport  of  Afiatic  Turkey* 
in  Natolia,  in  the  gulf  of  the  iEgean  Sea,  to 
which  it  gives  name.  32  miles  W.  Adramiti* 
Long.  2(^>.  E.  Lat.  39.  38.  N. 

Ajfory,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  dr- 
ear of  Gohud.     10  miles  SSW.  Labaar. 

Ajforkk,  a  town  of  I'hibet.  60  miles  S. 
Gangotry. 

A^lfoni,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  courrtry  of 
Wbidah,  on  the  Slave  Coaft.  Long.  4.  39. 
E.  Lat.  7.  5.  N. 

Ajfo^M,  a  tov/n  of  Afi  ica,  in  the  country  of 
Whidah.     18  m.iles  WNW.  Sabi. 
Ajfaan,  or  Ajjbuan,  fee  Syerie. 
AJfnery,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Rthac 
12  miles  S.  Gayab*- 


AST 

Aifmnpthiu  a-  town  of  South-America,  and 
'  capital  of  a  province  in  Paraguay,  fituated  in 
a  fertile  coiintvy,  on  the  river  Paraguay,  the 
fee  ofa  bifliop,  and  refidence  of  a  governor, 
appointed  by  the  King  of  Spain,  under  the 
viceroy  of  Buenos  Ayres.  Long.  58.  50.  W. 
Lrd.  25.  30.  S. 

Affamptiont  a  town  of  Canada.    14  miles 
N.  Montreal. 

Affiimpiiony  or  Ajjongon^  one  of  the  La- 
drone  iilands,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean, 
rear  the  coaft  of  California;  according  to 
Feroufe,  about  nine  miles  in  circumference: 
the  higlieft  point  about  200  toifes  above  the 
'  levelo'f  the  fea;  he  fays  it  would  be  difficultto 
conceiveamore  horrible  place.  /.<?/.  2 8. 4. N. 
Affrnvptioji,  a  town  of  New  Mexico.  50 
miles  E.Sumas. 

Affamption,  a  river  of  Canada,  which  runs 
into  the  St.  Lawrence  oppolite  Montreal. 

Ajfuviption.,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian 
Sea.     Long.  47.  15.  E.  Lat.  9.  45.  S. 
AJfuuiptryn,  a  town  of  New  Grenada,  70 
^    miles  ENE.  Tunja. 

AJfy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Oife.     8  miles  S.  Crefpy. 

AJia,  a  town  of  Holland,  in  the  dutchy  of 
Guelderland.     4  miles  SE.  Culemburg. 

Ajla,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  empties  itfelf 
into  the  Bay  of  Bilcay  at  Villa  Vicioia. 
.    .  AJla,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  jurifdidion 

of  Lima.     65  miles  SSE.  Pifco. 
V  Afta,  a  town  ofliindooilan,  in  Viliapour. 

16  miles  S.  Currer. 

Ajlahat,  a  town  of  Ferfian  Armenia,  on 
the  Aras.  It  is  a  fmai!  town  but  neat,  and 
each  houfe  fupplied  with  a  well  of  water.  In 
the  environs  they  cultivate  great  quantities 
of  ronas,  the  roots  of  vx'hich  are  ufed  in 
dying  the  red  colour  of  the  Indian  chintzes, 
calicoes,  &c.     20  miles  SE.  Nacfivan. 

Afiabora,  a  river  of  Nubia,  which  runs 
into  the  Red  Sea,  Lat.  18.  6.  N. 

AJjanCy  a  town  of  Chinefe  Tartary,  in  the 
province  of  Hami.     20  miles  NW.  Kami. 

Ajiara,  a  river  of  Ferha,  which  runs  into 
the  Cafpian  Sea,  Lat.  38.  ■^<,.  N. 

AJhtra,  a  town  of  Perlia,  and  capital  of  a 
diflrid  or  province,  whofe  governor  is  in- 
dependent of  Ghilan  and  Schirvan,  on 
the  river  Afrara.  70  miles  N.  Redid,  and 
looE.Tabris.  /,«;?/^.  49.E.  Z^//.  38.  20.N. 
_  AJlarah.'it,  a  town  of  Peifi;i,  in  the  pro- 
vince, of  Segcftan.  100  miles  N.  Zarcng, 
and  220  V/NW.  Candai:ar. 

Ajlamc,  a  fmall  province  of  France,  be- 
fore the  late  divilion  of  the  country,  (ituated 
jn  Gafcony,  about  24  miles  fcjuarc;  Mirande 
was  die  capital. 

AJIi'F,  a  tov.-n  of  Ilindooftan,  in  CJoond- 
wanah.     54  miles  W.  Nagj^our. 

Ajlec,  a  town  ofliindooilan,  in  Dowlata- 
Wid.     50  miles  ESE.  Aurungabad. 

AJlevabaJ,  or  E^crabaa,  \\  townof  Pcrlia, 


AST 

and  capital  of  a  diftrid  to  which  it  gives' 
name,  fituated  at  the  fouth-eafi:  end  of  the 
Cafpian  Sea,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river,  which 
forms  a  bay  very  convenient  for  trade.  Mr. 
Hanway,  in  his  travels  into  Perfia,  faw  at 
the  weft  end  of  the  town  on  each  lide,  a  py- 
ramid of  flone  whitened  over  and  full  of 
niches;  thel'e  pyramids  were  about  16  or  30 
feet  in  diameter  at  thebafe,  rifmg  gradually 
in  a  point  at  near  40  feet.  On  the  top  of 
each,  a  fingle  human  head  was  placed,  and 
moft  of  the  niches  were  filled  with  other 
heads,  cut  off  after  a  rebellion  againft  Nadir 
Shah.  This  place  was  deftroyed  by  Timur 
Bee.  300  miles  NNE.  Ifpahan.  Long.  54. 
o  E.  Lat.  36.54.  N. 

AJIeriveiii,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Oberland.     6  miles  E.  Ofterrod. 

AJiefan,  or  County  of  Afti,  a  country  of 
Italy,  bounded  on  the  weft:  by  the  principa- 
lity of  Chieri  andCarmagnola,  on  the  north 
by  the  Vercellois,  on  the  call:  by  the  Vercel- 
lois  and  the  Alexandrin,  and  on  the  fouth 
by  the  marquifate  of  Gorzegno ;  about  25 
miles  long,  and  10  broad.  It  was  once  a  re- 
public, but  was  afterwards  annexed  to  the 
dutchy  of  Piedmont,  and  is  now  a  part  of 
France. 

yljli,  a  city  of  France,  and  capital  of  the 
department  of  the  Tanaro,  late  a  city  of 
Piedmont,  fituated  near  the  rivers  Barbo  and  _ 
Tanaro;  and  capital  of  a  country  called  y/j--' 
tefan,  or  county  oi  Ajli.  The  furrounding  ; 
country  is  agreeable  and  fertile,  interfperfcd  ( 
with  fmall  hills,  embellifliing  the  feats  of  the 
nobility  and  gentry.  There  are  fprings  in  1 
the  neiglibourhood,  from  whence  they  get 
fait.  Alfi  was  not  generally  kno\vn  before 
the  year  1103,  when  Alaric  king  of  the 
Goths,  having  been  defeated  by  Stilico,  the' 
inhabitants  of  Afli,  or  the  Romans,  who 
held  a  garrifon  in  that  tov^'n,  condudfed 
thitber  the  infants  and  wives  of  that  prince, 
with  the  mofl  precious  of  the  fpoil  taken 
from  him.  It  is  the  fee  of  a  blfliop,  fuffra- 
gan  of  the  archbiihop  of  Milan,  erected  'in 
tlie  year  365.  Befides  the  cathedral,  it 
contains  upwards  of  thirty  other  churches, 
parochial  and  conventual.  It  was  taken  by 
the  French  in  1703,  and  retaken  by  the 
Duke  of  Savoy  in  1704.  Again  the  French 
took  it  in  1746,  but  loft  it  to  the  King  of 
Sardinia  in  1747.  24  miles  E.Turin,  and 
20  W.  Alexandria.  Long.  8.  a.  E.  Zj/. 
44.  50.  N. 

Ajlovna^  a  town  on  the  north  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Candy.     12  miles  E.  Retimo. 

yZ/'/or^'-i^?,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Leon,  fituated  in  a  plain,  on  the  fiiiall 
river  I'uei  ia  ;  it  is  neither  large  nor  popu- 
lous, but  firong  both  by  nature  and  art;  and 
the  lee  of  abifliop,  fufFiagan  of  Compofteila. 
'I'he  cathedral  is  lb  filled  with  ecclelialtics, 
as  to  be  cuiled'the  City  of  Prieils.  la  714"}  tl\i.s 


AST 

dty  was  burned  by  the  Moors ;  and  in 
985,  it  was  taken  and  plundered  by  the 
ikme.  According  to  Flores,  the  country 
about  Ailorga  was  called  the  territory  of 
the  Mauregatos,  a  pcc^ple  given  to  com- 
merce, and  celebrated  tor  integrity.  Their 
women  retain  a  drefs  lo  ancient  that  its 
origin  is  not  known,  but  the  nioft  remarka- 
ble in  all  Spain.  Don  Alonlb,  king  of 
Leon,  Ovicdo,  Sec.  who  reigned  about  the 
midjdie  of  the  8th  century,  had,  by  a  woman 
of  obfcure  birth,  an  illegitimate  fon,  called 
Maurego ;  fomc  years  after,  on  the  death 

.  of  Alonfo,  his  grandfon  Alonfo  II.  being 
placed  on  the  throne,  Mauregato  laid  his 
claim,  and  by  affillance  from  the  Moors,  ob- 
tained the  crown  of  Leon,  and  to  reward 
his  friends,  he  gave  them  lands  round  Alfor- 
ga;  from  thefe  Moors  the  Mauregatos  are 
fuppofed  to  be  defcendants.  a8  miles  W. 
Leon.     Long.  6.  25.  W.  Laf.  42.  33.  N. 

AJ}ova,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  Sea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Africa.  Long.  68.  E.  Lat. 
10.6.  S. 
AJlrnha.i,  a  tov/n  of  Perfia,  in  Chorafiin, 

•on  the  borders  of  Balk.     70  m.  ENE.  Herat. 

AJirachan,ox  AJiraka/:,  a  city  of  Afia,  and 

"the  lee  of  a  biihop,  fituated  on  an  ifland  at 

•the  mouth  of  the  Volga,  in  the  Ruffian  go- 
vernment of  Caucafus,  about  52  miles  from 
the  Cafpian  Sea.  It  is  three  miles  in  circum- 
ference, furrounded  with  a  wall.  Peter  the 
Great  defigned  it  lor  the  centre  of  com- 
merce, and  the  greateft  mart  of  the  world. 
Its  lituation  is  well  calcuhited  for  fuch  a 
grand  delign,  being  as  it  were  the  boundary 
of  Afia  and  Europe  By  means  of  the  Caf- 
pian lea,  and  the  Volga,  merchandife  may 
be  brought  from  Perfia,  Armenia,  India,  &c. 
and  conveyed  to  the  ports  of  tlie  Baltic ;  and 
vice  ver-fa.     It  is  inhabited  by  Rullians,  Ar- 

.menians,  Greeks,  P'erfians,  EngUib,  French, 
Indians,  and  Jews.  Prodigious  quantities  of 
ialt  are  made  in  its  neighbourhood.  Fi(h 
of  many  forts  are  plentiful  and  good  ;  and 
the  melons  produced  here  equal  thole  of 
Perfia.    The  buildings  are  chiefly  of  wood, 

.except  the  cathedral,  and  a  few  other 
churches.  Aftrachan  was  formerly  the 
capital  of  a  kingdom,  in  the  extenfive 
country  of  Capchac,  and  was  called  Hadji 
Terkan.  It  was  conquered  by  Genghis 
Khan ;  and  afterwards  by  Timur  Bee, 
who  took  it  in  1^,95.  The  dominions  ex- 
tended as  far  as  Mofcow.  Iwan  Bafiio- 
witz  took  this  city  from  the  Tartars  in  the 
year  1554.  In  1670,  it  was  icized  by  the 
rebel  Stenkorazin  ;  bat  he  foon  after  fuf- 
fcred  death  at   Molcov/.     In  the  environs 

,arefeveral  large  vineyards,  from  which  is 
nude  Ibme  wine,  very  good  drank  on  the 
fpot,  but  it  v.'ill  not  bear  carriage.  About 
a  mile  below  the  town  are  large  l;d^-work'■; 

■.and  a,  little  above,  munufadurcs  of  gunpow- 


A  T  A 

der  and  faltpetre.  The  Mahometan  Tar. 
tars  live  without  the  town.  The  cliicf  trade 
with  Perfia  is  carried  on  by  AriiiCnians.  330 
miles  SSE.  Saratov,  1040  SSE,  Peterlburg. 
Lotig.  47-  44-  E.  Lat.  4.6. 1 3.  N. 

Ajircnahadi  a  town  of  Bengal.  30  miles 
E.  Calcutta. 

Ajlrop,  a  village  of  England,  in  North- 
amptonihire,  noted  fur  a  medicin.  I  fairing. 
5  miles  W.  Brackley. 

Aflrim'i,  a  village  near  NajJes,  wiicre  the 
king  has  a  park,  formi^d  of  a  volcanic  hafin, 
enclofed  with  a  wall  abcMit  f  .ur  miles  and  a 
half  in  circumference,  in  which  wild  hoqs 
are  preLrved  for  chafe.  In  1542,  Alphonlo 
I.  gave  a  grand  entertainment  to  thj  em- 
peror Frederick  III.  vv'hen  a  regale  was  pro- 
vided for  6a,ooo  peribns. 

AJlru^i  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
flioprick  of  Ofhabruck.  4  m.  N-  Ofnabruck. 

AjJuragamkook,  a  lake  of  Lower  Canada. 
240  miles  NE.  Quebec.  Long.  67.  .25.  W. 
Lat.  ^Q.  25.  N. 

AJiuria,  a  province  of  Spain,  bounded  on 
the  north  by  the  fea,  on  the  eaft:  by  Bifeav, 
on  the  fouth  by  Oid  Cailile  and  Leon,  and 
on  the  weft  by  Galicia.  Its  It ni;,th  about 
144  miles,  and  breadih  44.  The  face  of 
the  country  is  rug:j;ed,  and  tovvards  the 
faith  arc  the  mountains,  which  divide  it 
fiom  Leon  and  Old  Cafhie,  branches  of  the 
Pvi  ences,  covered  w  ith  vafl  foreffs ;  yet  t;;e 
foil .  produces  a  fufficiency  of  corn,  g. -'at 
quantities  of  fruit,  and  exC'dlent  wins. 
There  are  alio  mines  of  gold  and  vermilion. 
Th?  horles  of  this  nountrv  are  in  L',rea.c 
efreem.  The  principal  towns  arc  Oviedo, 
Santillanaj  and  St.  Andero.  The  eldett  ion 
of  the  king  of  Sp.iin  takes  the  tide  of 
prince  of  Aliuria,  and  bears  the  arms  of  the 
country. 

Afn.,  a  town  of  Sv/edifii  Lapiani.  16  ni. 
NW.  Lulea. 

Afu?;i,  or  Offion,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the 
fearoaft  of  tl^e  kingcfom  of  Auel.  60  mi!e;s 
S.  C;.pe  Gardatui. 

Afii}iatz,  a  town  of  Walachia.  8  miic^ 
E.  Buchareft. 

Afuvipour,  a  to'vn  of  BengJ.  36  miles 
S.  Calcutta. 

AfivaJ,  a  town  ur  Arabia.  2?  rr:]':^  ./. 
Saade. 

. y/i'A/w, i  town  of  Peonfylvania.  ic  '-.i'-* 
NNW.  Philadelphia. 

Ajyjit  Points  01  I\>u}  ^tolr^  a  cape  of  the 
weft  coall  of  SccLind.  in  .he  county  of  Su- 
therland.   Lj.ig.  r.  18.  W.  Z.-?/*.  3&.  i3,.N. 

Afyuka Uifi,  .lee  Ajjl  .'/i  KalafJ. 

Aiulhii:,  a  tov/i!  of  N^exico,  in  the  pi' - 
vince  oi  Culiacan.     30  miles  N.  CthiVr.n. 

Ataca--c:,  ox  St.  Francis  d' Atacii>u:i.  a 
town  of  Peru;  35Tiiilea  fjom  the  Pitci.'i.': 
C  ce.v  I,  and  principal  place  of  ifk . jur!.Kl:  ■ 
tioa  on  the  bordeii  of  Chili :  thcibd   'i^i 


A  T  F 


A  T  II 


Ibftie  parts  fertile,  in  others  fandy  and  bar- 
ren. 150  miles  SvV.  La  Plata.  Long.  69. 
1.6.  W.  Lat.  2I.45-N. 

AtacajueSi  iee  Tacamcs. 

Atakkeui,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Nato'ia.     44  miles  NW.  Eregri. 

Atal.iya,  a  town  of  St.  Domingo.  30  m. 
S.  Cape  Fran^ais. 

Ataljya  de  Mcigoufa,  a  town  of  PortUr 
ga',  in  the  province  of  Ellramadura,  con- 
taining about  aoo  inhabitants,  with  one 
parilh.  It  is  defended  by  a  fortrefs  on  an 
eminence  difficult  of  accefs.  6  miles  S.  Tho- 
jnar,  and  18  NVV^  LUbjn. 

Atalaya  Sortelka,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Bcira.  13  miles  NE.  Calfcl 
Bran  CO. 

Atanmt,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irac.     40  miles  NE.  Cafbin. 

Atapuera,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caf- 
tile,  near  Burgos.  In  1053,  a  battle  was 
fought  here  between  Don  Garcia  king  of 
l>Ja\  arre,  and  his  brother  Don  Ferdinand,  in 
which  the  former  was  defeated  and  flain. 

Ataroly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
fubah  of  Delhi.    4am.  SE.  Secundara. 

Ataxora,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre. 
iz  miles  from  Olita. 

Atbara,  iee  Tacazze. 

Atchlrjlioi,  a  town  of  RuHia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Tobolili,  oa  the  Irtifch.  aS  m. 
SE.Omil-. 

AiehinfK,^  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Tobolfk,  on  the  Tchulim.  424  m. 
SSE.  Tobolfc.  Z>5;/^.  89,  36.  E.  Lat.  sd' 
ao.  N. 

Atchekatch,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
.the  government  of  Trebifond,  on  the  Black 
Sea.     ij  miles  SW.  Trebifond. 

Ati-he/icoH,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  50  m. 
E.  Travancore. 

Aichera-ivauk,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
the  jaghire.     10  miles  SW.  Carangoly. 
■  Areca,  a  town  of  Spain,  in    Aragon,  on 
the  riv  r  Xalcn.     6  miks  W.  Calatiaud. 

A  elLi.  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Bafilicata, 
at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines.  37  miles  W. 
Katera.     Long.  15.  43.  E.  Lat.  40.  53.  N. 

Attelliira,  or  Atellari,  a  river  of  Sicily, 
which  runs  into  ihe  fca  between  Syracule 
and  Cape  Paffaro.  Long.  15.  5.  E.  Lat, 
36.  4  J.N. 

Artencgnl,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Ceylon. 
AS  miles  SW.  Candi,  and  25  NE.  Columbo. 

Ateiui,  a  town  of  Naples,  on  the  river 
Negro,  in  the  Principato  Citra.  10  miles 
W.  Marfc;)  Nuovo. 

Alenar.go,  a  town  of  Mexico.  80  miles  S. 
Mexico. 

_  Atcni,  a  town  of  Georgia,  in   the  pro- 
vince of  Carducl,     15  ni  :  s  S.  Gori. 

Atir,  a  fort  of  Hindool^an,  in  Allahabad. 
38milgs  WSVy.  Allahabai. 
■    4^Jicb^  or  Etjik.t  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the 


eaft  coafl  cf  the  Nile,  and  chief  place  of  a 
diitritft,  thought-  to  be  the  ancient  Aphro- 
ditopolis  35  miles  S.  Cairo.  Lctig.  31.  8. 
E.  Lat.  2y.  28.  N. 

Atk,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  Jemappe,  formerly  a  city  of  Hainaut,  on 
the  Dendcr;  it  was  yielded  to  France  by  the 
treaty  of  Aix-la-Chapelle  in  1668,  and  then 
fortified  by  Vauban  ;  but  reftored  to  the 
Spaniards  by  the  treaty  of  Nimeguen,  in 
1678.  The  French  laid  liege  to  it  in  May 
1697,  under  the  command  of  Marechal  Ca- 
tinat,  and  thirteen  days  after  the  trenches 
were  opened,  the  town  farrendercd;  but 
the  fam.e  year  it  was  reftored  to  Spain.  Sep- 
tember 16th,  1706,  the  allied  army  invefted 
the  place,  under  the  command  of  Field-Mar- 
flial  Oveikercke,  with  64  pieces  of  cannon, 
and  42  mortars.  On  the  ill  of  October,  the 
governor,  Comte  de  St.  Pierre,  was  obliged 
to  capitulate,  and  with  his  troops  furrender 
prifoners  of  war,  being  conduced  to  Berg- 
op-Zoom  and  Breda.  The  Dutch  remained 
in  pofT.fiion  till  the  year  17 16,  when  it  was 
given  up  to  the  emperor.  In  the  year  1 745, 
this  town  was  bombarded  by  the  French, 
under  the  command  of  Marlhal  Saxe,  and 
taken  after  a  fhort  fiege ;  only  14  of  the 
garrifon  were  killed,  but  many  of  the  inha- 
bitants. It  was  ceded  to  France,  with  the 
reft  of  Hainaut,  by  the  peace  of  Leoben.  9 
miles NW.  Mons,  and  4 1  E.Tournay.  Long. 
3.36.  E.  Lat.  50.  37.  N. 

AthaboU,  or  Agajioholh  a  toyn  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  Romania,  on  the  coaft  of 
the  Black  Sea.  68  miles  NE.  Adrianople. 
Long.  27.  39.  E.  Lat.  42.  27.  N. 

Atkapefcon.v,  a  lake  of  North-Americii, 
100  miles  long,  and  from  10  to  30  wide. 
Long.  110.  W.  Lat.  $^.  N. 

Athboy,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Meath,  a  borough,  which,  before  the 
Union,  returned  two  members  to  the  Irilhc 
Parliament.     20  niiles  NW.  Dublin. 

Athec,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayenne.     3  miles  N.Craon. 

Athelncy,  Ijle  of.,  is  a  riling  fpot  of  ground 
In  the  county  of  Somcrfet,  iurrounded  by 
the  river  Thone,  over  which  is  a  bridge. 
This  fpot,  which  was  anciently  environed 
with  impaffible  marlhes  and  moraffes,  will 
be  ever  memorable  for  the  retreat  of  king 
Alfred  from  the  fury  of  the  Danes,  who, 
in  tumultuous  numbers,  had  overrun  the 
eaflern  part  of  his  dominions.  The  re- 
gifter  of  Athelney  fets  forth,  that  Alfred, 
after  having  bravely  encountered  his  ene- 
mies for  nine  fuccellive  years,  was  at  length 
reduced  to  the  necellity  of  fleeing  from 
ihem,  and  taking  refuge  in  the  Ifle  of 
Athelney.  The  place  that  lodged  him  was 
a  fmall  cottage  belonging  to  St.  Athelwine, 
forme,  ly  an  hermit  here,  the  fbn  of  king 
Jiynegjliiis.    lifter  his  emorfioa  from  this 


A  T  H 

retirement,  and  the  total  defeat  of  his  ene- 
mies, he  founded  a  mona'lery  for  Benedic- 
tine monks  on  the  fpot  v/hich  had  given  him 
flielter,  endowing  the  eftablifliment  with  the 
whole  ifle  of  Athclney,  exempt  from  taxes 
and  all  burdens,     i  mile  ENE.  Taunton. 

Atkcnak,  a  town  of  Alia,  in  Turkifii  Ar- 
menia, on  the  Black  Sea.  7  miles  W. 
Trebiibnd. 

Athenas,  a  town  of  Egypt.  5  miles  W. 
Benifuef. 

Aihc;u\  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Princi- 
pato  Citra.     18  miles  N.  Policaltro. 

Atkeiiry,  a  borough  town  of  Ireland,  in 
the  county  ot  Galway,  which,  before  the 
Union,  fent  two  members  to  the  Iriih  Parlia- 
ment. In  the  year  3  3 15,  a  battle  was  fought 
near  this  town  between  the  Englifh  and  the 
Irifli,  in  v.hich  the  former  were  victorious. 
In  1599,  the  Irifli  put  all  the  inhabitants  to 
the  fword,  becaule  they  were  adopting  the 
Englifli  cuftoms.     10  miles  E.  Galway. 

Athensy  a  city  of  Greece,  now  called  Se- 
tines,  the  capital  of  Livadia,  a  province  of 
European  Turkey.  At  one  time  one  of  the 
lirlt  cities  of  Greece,  or  perhaps  of  Europe, 
the  feat  of  learning,  arts,  and  arms.  It  is 
now  the  fee  of  a  Greek  archbifhop,  with 
feveral  churches ;  butinconfiderable,  if  com- 
pared with  its  ancient  fplendour:  it  contains 
about  fifteen  or  fixteen  thoufand  inhabitants, 
chiefly  Greeks.  It  was  taken  by  Mahomet 
II.  in  the  year  1455  :  the  Venetians  took  it 
from  the  Turks  in  1464  and  1687,  but  were 
compelled  to  abandon  it,  and  the  Turks  are 
now  mafters  of  it  with  tiie  reft  of  the  coun- 
try :  the  chief  articles  of  trade  are  fi!k, 
wax,  wool,  and  oil.  It  is  a  feaport,  and 
fituattd  on  the  north-eaft  coafl  of  the  gulf 
of  Engia,  in  the  Archipelago,  with  a  lafc 
and  large  harbour ;  the  entrance,  which  is 
narrow,  is  commanded  by  the  citadel,  the 
ancient  Acropolis.  60  miles  SE.  Livadia, 
and  304  SW.  Conftantinople.  Long.  23.53. 
E.  Lat.:^Z.  2.N. 

Atherfidd  Point,  a  cape  on  the  fouth 
coaft  of  the  Ifle  of  Wight,  with  rocks  and 
fKoals  near  it.  Long.  i.  13.  W.  Lat.  50. 
36.  N. 

Atherjlon,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Warwick,  (ituated  near  the  An- 
ker, on  the  borders  of  Leicefterfliire,  con- 
taining about  2690  inhab'tants,  748  of  whom 
are  employed  in  manufactures  of  hats,  rib- 
bons, ihalloons,  &c.  It  has  a  market  on 
Tuefday.  Richard  III.  held  a  council  v.-ith 
his  nobles  here,  the  night  before  the  b;utle 
ofBofworth.  13  miles  N.Coventry,  and 
104  ISTNW.  London. 

Atherfion,  a  town  of  England,  fituated  on 

the  river  Stour,  in  the  county  of  Warwick, 

on  the  borders  of  Worcefterfhire.   3  miles  S. 

Stratford-upon-Avon. 

Aihcvtin^  a  town  of  England,   in  Lan- 


A  T  I 

cafhire,  with  3249  inhabitants  of  whom  mord 
than  half  were  emj-jloycd  in  manufacfures. 
In  1643,  General  Fairfax  was  defeated  near 
this  town  by  the  royalifls.  7  miles  SW. 
Bolton. 

Athlc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sommc.     (1  m.  SSE.  Peronne. 

Athikeera,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Mal- 
wa.     22  miles  N.  Seronge. 

At  his,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
oftheOrne.     13  miles  SW.  Falaile. 

Athlone,  a  town  of  Ireland,  lltuated  on 
the  river  Shannon,  in  the  county  of  Wcfl- 
meath.  It  fends  one  member  to  the  Impe- 
rial Parliament.  In  the  year  1690,  after 
the  battle  of  the  Boync,  this  town  being 
garriibned  by  troops  of  King  Jaujes,  King 
William  detached  Lieutenant-General  Dou- 
glas to  beliege  Athlone ;  but  after  loiing 
400  men,  the  greater  part  by  ficknefs,  he 
raifed  the  liege  after  eight  days.  On  the 
19th  of  June,  1 69 1,  General  Gincle  appeared 
before  the  town  ;  and  on  the  30th,  became 
mailer  of  the  place,  t^x,  miles  W.  Dublin. 
Lon^.  7.  50.  W.  Lat.  53.  20.  N. 

Atkol,  a  dillrid  of  Scotland,  forming  the  . 
northern  part  of  the  county  of  Perth,  bound- 
ed on  the  north-weft  by  Jnvernefslhire,  on 
the  north  by  Aberdeenfhire,  on  the  ealc  by 
Forfarfliire,  and  on  the  fbuth  by  the  reft  of 
Perthiliire,  the  chief  .town  is  Blair,  called 
Blair-Athol. 

Atkoljicnford,  or  Atl.eljlaneford,  a  village 
in  Scotland,  in  Haddingtonfliire.  Home, 
the  author  of  Douglas,  was  minifter,  and 
Blair,  author  of  the  Giave,  was  a  native  of 
this  parilh.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inha- 
bitants v/as  897.     4  m.  NE.  Haddington. 

Athos,  or  Monte  Santo,  a  lofty  mountain 
of  Greece,  in  Macedonia,  on  a  peninfula,  at 
the  mouth  of  ihe  Gulf  of  ContelTa.  It  is 
inhabited  by  Greek  monks,  who  have  {o-scn 
convents  built  like  forts.  It  is  faid  to  call 
its  fliadow  as  far  as  the  ifland  of  Stalimene, 
or  Lemnos,  upwanis  of  40  miles.  L.ong,^\. 
30.  E.  Z^/.  41.8.N. 

Athy,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county  of 
Klldare.  Before  the  Union  it  fent  two 
members  to  the  Irifli  Parliament.  The  af- 
fizes  for  the  county  are  held  at  Naas  and 
Athy  alternately.  40  miles  W.  Wicklow, 
and  12  N.  Carlow.    Long.  7.  i.W.  Lat. 

52.  59.  N.  r  ■        ■ 

Atiii,  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  the  Irac.  ij 
miles  NW.  Sava,  and  70  E.  Ilamadan. 

Atiutis,  a  lin;ill  illand,  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coaft  of  Eraiil.  Long.  50.  36.  Lat. 
o.  5.  S. 

Atichy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Oife.     8  miles  E.  Compicgne. 

Aiico,  a  town  of  Peiu,  m  the  biiliopric  of 
Arctiuipa,  on  the  coaft.  50  miles  NNW. 
Camana.     Lat.  15.  36.  S. 

Alien'- a,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  C  iftilj^ 


A  T  L 

ifjith.  an  ancient  caftic,  fituated  among  the 
mountains,  called  Sierra  D'Atien9a.  20  m. 
N.  Siguen^a. 

Atlno^  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Lavora,  for- 
merly the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  which  was  fup- 
fupprefled  bv  Leo  III.  10  miles  N.  Aquino, 
and  I  a  SE.  Sora. 

Atiggio,  a  town  of  the  marquifite  of 
Ancona.     12  miles  S.  Camerina. 

AtipaUh  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  My- 
fore.     8  miles  NW.  OulTocr. 

At:ra,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  Pa- 
raguay.    50  miles  NE.  Afl'umption. 

Atkafijiiia,  a  river  of  Weft-Florida,  which 
runsiiuo  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  LoKg.  84.  i6w 
W.  /.£?/.  29.56.  N. 

Atkan,  one  of  the  Fox  Iflands,  in  the 
Jvforth  Pacific  Ocean.  Long.  186.  29.  E. 
i^/.  53.:,6.N. 

AtkverU  a  town  of  Turkifh  Armen}3.  21 
milf  s  E.  Aca'zike. 

Ailanfic  Ocearu  a  name  given  to  the  fca 
■".vhich  lies  between  Eu-ope  and  Africa  to  the 
eaft,  and  America  to  the  weft. 

Atlas,  Great  and  Little,  mountains  of 
Africa :  the  Great  Atlas  extends  from  the 
ideftrt  of  Barca,  240  miles  weft  of  Alexan- 
dria, to  the  coalt  of  the  Atlantic  fca,  to 
which  it  gives  name ;  but  often  changes  its 
Tiame,  according  to  the  multitude  of  coun- 
tries it  runs  through,  and  the  plains  and  val- 
lies  by  v.'hich  it  is  inteilcfted:  it  is  called 
by  the  natives  Ayduacal.  The  Little  Atlas 
extends  from  the  Straits  of  Gibraltar  to 
Bona,  in  the  country  of  Algiers,  and  is  called 
by  the  natives  ErrifF.  Both  thefe  are  of 
I'uch  vaft  height,  and  for  the  moft  part  co- 
vered with  ihow,  as  to  be  feen  at  a  great 
diftance  off  at  fea.  The  higheft  parts  and 
moft  difficult  of  accefs  are  thofe  which  run 
along  the  confines  ol  the  kingdom  ofTre- 
mecen,  and  the  coldeft  thofe  that  bound 
the  dominions  of  Morocco.  As  to  the  ge- 
nerality of  the  reft,  they  enjoy  a  much 
kinder  climate,  are  not  only  inhabited  by  va- 
rious tribes  of  B^.icbers,  Arabs,  and  other 
African  pec-ple  ;  but  in  many  places  are  well 
cultivated  and  fertilized,  with  a  number  of 
towns  and  villages  difpeifcd  in  them,  well 
inhabited,  and  ftored  with  abundance  of 
cattle  ;  though  in  many  of  thele  they  are 
obliged  not  only  to  retire  into  dieir  caverns 
all  the  winter  feafon,  which  is  there  very 
long,  but  to  take  in  with  them  all  their  nu- 
merous herds,  which  would  otherwile  pe- 
jriOii  with  cold.  Dr.  Shaw  fays,  that  thq 
Ati.ij  is  not  of  that  extraordinary  height 
or  bigncfs  which  have  been  attributed  to  it 
by  the  ancients,  being,  as  far  as  he  law, 
larcly  ever  equal  to  fume  of  the  moft  lofty 
mountains  o  Grtai-Biitain,  and  perhaps 
can  no  where  ftand  in  competition  with  Lx- 
A'ps  or  Apennines.  If  we  can  conceive,  .ri 
ail'  cafy  alcent,  a  number  of  litde  hills 


AT  R 

ufually  of  the  perpendicular  height  of  four 
or  five  hundred  yards,  with  a  fuccenion  of 
feveial  groves  and  ranges  of  fruit  and  foreft 
trees,  growing  one  behind  another  upon 
them  ;  and  if  to  this  profpe(5l  we  fomeumes 
add  a  rocky  precipice  of  fuperior  crriinence 
and  more  difficult  of  accefs,  and  place  on 
the  fide  or  fummit  of  it  a  mud-walled  village ; 
wc  fliall  then  have  a  juft  and  lively  piduie 
of  Mount  Atlas. 

Atlenburg,  ox  Attdnburg,  a  townofGer- 
niany,  in  tlie  dutchy  of  Lauenburg,  en  the 
Elbe.     4  miles  W.  Lauenburg. 

Atitin,  a  town  of  RulTia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Tobulflc,  on  the  Oby.  Lung.  67. 
14.  E.  Lat.  62.  5.  N. 

AtHni,  a  river  of  R-ulTia,  which  runs  into 
the  Oby,  at  a  town  of  the  fame  nan.e. 

Atlifco,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  province 
of  Tiafcala,  fituated  in  an  extenfivt  plain, 
to  which  it  gives  name.  20  miles  WSW. 
Pucbia  de  los  Angelos. 

Aiolonljco,  a  tov/n  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  iNew-Bifcay.  140  miics  KW.Du- 
rango. 

Atoci,  or  Attoivin,  or  Atto^v  ay,  or  To'W!^ 
one  of  the  largeft  of  the  Sandwich  Iflands,  i 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  thuty  nfiles  in 
length  from  eaft  to  v/eii,  with  a  good  road 
and  anchoring-place  on  the  fouth-weft  fide 
of  the  idand,  called  IVymoa  ;  it  is  fuppofed 
to  contain  54,000  mhabitants.  Capt.  Van- 
couver reprobates  the  abandoned  behaviour 
of  the  women  of  this  ifland  when  he  vifited 
it  in  1790,  very  dilrerent  from  what  he 
found  in  his  former  vifit  with  Capt.  Cook, 
which  he  attributes  to  the  vilits  of  civilized 
voluptuaries.  Lo?ig.  200.  20.  E.  Lat.  21. 
5  7-   N. 

Atony,  fee  Huttany. 

Atquar,  a  town  of  iHindooftan,  in  Pat- 
naud.     10  miles  S.  Timerycotta. 

Atougla,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eftra- 
maduia,  ijiuated  on  an  eminence  near  the 
leai;  opjxifite  the  rocks  called  Barlings.  3 
milci  E.  Penichfc^ 

Atrato,  a  riveripf  South-America;  rifes  in 
the  lower  part  of  f^be  province  of  Chocos, 
and  runs  into  the  Gulf  of  Darien,  Long.  77. 
6.  W.  Lat.  8.  N. 

Atrl,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo  Ul- 
tra, dte  fee  of  a  biffiop,  united  with  Penna. 
ID  miles  E.  Teramo,  and  28  NE,  Aquila. 
Long.  13.  58.  E.  Lat.  42.  32.  E. 

Atrib,  a  village  of  Egypt,  on  the  eafl 
branch  of  the  Nile  ;  built  at  the  extremity 
of  what  appear  to  be  the  ruins  of  a  con- 
fiderable  city;  they  are  1200  yards  long, 
and  800  wide.  Large  blocks  of  marble  are 
frequently  dug  up  near,  which  the  inha- 
bitants conveit  to  lime.  3  miles  N.  iVnit- 
Kamar. 

Atribe,  a  town  of  Egypt,  o".  the  leftiide 
of  the  Nile.    5  miles  N  W.  Achmim; 


ATT 


A  T  U 


Jitfchiid,  fee  Adzud. 

Atlhar,  a  town  of  Little  Bukharia.  80 
miles  ENE.  Acfu. 

Atfnianzdorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  eircle  of  the  Lower  Rhine.  4  miJcs  E. 
Eif:rt. 

Atracoor,  a  town  of  Hindoo'l'an,  in  the 
Canriiic.     .30  miles  NNW.  Nell>jre. 

Attalia,  fee  Scitaiu.', 

Attaje,  a  fmall  illand  in  the  Indian  Sea, 
near  the  eail  coall  o':  IMadaj.;afcar.  Long. 
50.  .:o.  E.  Lnt.  16.  10.  S. 

Attavegy  a  {"iMall  idand  among  the  He- 
brides, near  the  no'th  coall:  of  Skir.  4 
miles  SE.  Ru-hiinilh. 

A'-cgodi-,  a  town  of  the  ifland  ot  Ceylon. 
25  m.les  S8VV.  Candi. 

Aitenby,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  tlie  ifland 
of  Oc  land. 

Att^ndornt  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Welfphidia,  at  the  conllux.  of  the 
Bigyc  and  the  Jenne.  It  was  formerly  one 
ol  die  Hanfe  ttnvns.  45  miles  ENE.  Coiogn, 
and 54  We.W.  Caffel."   Long.Z.z.Y..  Lat. 

Attcihove,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partmencof  tiic  Dyie.     3  miles  NE.Landen. 

AtterkLia,  a  town  of  Gern.anv,  in  the 
archdutchy  of  Auflria.  6  miLs  NW.  Ent- 
ztrfforff. 

Attcrcliffe,  a.  town  cf  England,  in  the 
Weil  Ridmg  uf  Yor^.iliire.  In  1801,  the 
number  of  inhabitants  was  2281.  a  miles 
SE.  Sheffield. 

Attern,  a  town  cf  Hindoafban,  in  the 
fubah  of  Agra,  on  the  Chumbul.  42  miles 
SSE.Agra.  Zw;^.  78.  58  E. />.?/.  26.45.  N. 

Attcry,  a  river  of  England,  whieh  rifes  in 
Cornwali,  and  runs  into  the  Tamar,  near 
Launcefton. 

Attia,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Segeflan.  25 
miles  W.  Ilarra. 

Attkanieonets,  Indians  of  Canada,  inha- 
biting about  kng.  75.  W.  lat.  48.  N. 

Attlgny,  a  town  of  France,  and  ie;!t  of  a 
tribunal,  in  the  department  (-f  Ardennes.  6 
miles  N\7.  Vouzieres,  and  18  S.Mezicres. 

Atttgong,  a  town  of  Hijidooflan,  in  Ail.i- 
habad.     12  miles  NW.  Currah. 

Atilky  fee  CiijVllo  PelUgiino. 

An'niiis,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Friuli.  9 
miles  NE.  Udina. 

A-ttleborough,  a  town  of  North-America, 
in  the  Itate  of  the  Maflachuletts,  near  which 
magnetic  iron  ore  is  tound.  30  miles  SW. 
JBolton. 

AttU'boroHgb,  an  ancient  town  of  England, 
in  tliC  county  of  Norfolk,  with  a  weekly 
market  unThurfday,  and  1333  inabitiints. 
15^  miles  SSV/.  Norwich,  and  93-1  NNE. 
London. 

Attnangy  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
archdutcny  of  Aulfria.  i  mile  WSW. 
Schwaanaitadt. 


Atteck,  a  city  of  Afia,  and  capital  of  a  pro- 
vince of  the  fame  name,  built  on  the  fitc  of 
the  ancient  Taxda,  at  the  conflux  of  a  river 
of  the  fame  name  with  the  Indus,  there  cal- 
led the  Nilab.  In  1581,  Acbar  ordered  a 
fortrefs  to  be  built  here.  140  miles  NW. 
Lahore,  and  158  N.  Moulun.  Long.  71. 
12.  E.  Lat.  33.  6.  N. 

Attack,  a  river  of  Afia,  which  joins  the 
Indus  at  the  city  of  Attoek. 

Atto/fgy^town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guze- 
rat.     20  miles  S.  Gogo. 

Attoor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Dindigul.     6  miles  SSW.  Dindigu). 

Attore,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Barra- 
maul.  It  is  a  ilrong  place,  and  defends  a 
p  d"s  from  the  Barramaul  country  to  tiie 
Carnatic.  50  miles  N.  Tritchinopoly,  and 
70  NW.  Pondicherry.  Long.  78.  47.  E. 
Lat.  II.  40.  N. 

Attouahy  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Allaha- 
bad.    38  miiles  WSW.  Allahabad. 

Attn,  one  of  the  Fox  iilands,  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean.  //0/7_^.  173.  44.  E.  Lat.  $2,. 
20.  N. 

Attuie,  a  town  of  Arabia.  76  m.  WSW. 
Saade. 

Attyahy  a  circar,  or  province  of  Bengal, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Burbazzoo,  Caug- 
mary,  and  Dacca,  on  the  eafl  by  Dacca, 
and  on  the  well;  by  Bettooriah  ;  about  <o 
mdes  in  length,  and  from  10  to  20  broad. 
Pucculoe  and  Attyah  are  the  chief  towns. 

AifyalyZ  town  of  Bengal,  and  one  of  tlie 
chief  towns  in  tl;e  province  of  Attyah.  6 
miles  W.  Pucculoe,  and  54  ESE.  Nattore. 
Long.  90.  E.  Lat.  24.  10  N. 

Atiiedy  or  Aiuet,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in 
E:.ft  Gothland;,  v/itli  fome  good  mines  in  tlte 
neighbourhood.     18  miles  SE.  Lindkoping. 

Atun-xau-:a,  a  town  of  Peru,  and  capital 
of  a  jurisdidion  to  which  it  gives  name. 
The  land  is  fertile  in  grain  and  fruit,  and 
watered  by  the  river  called  Xauxa,  on  the 
banks  of  wliich  are  excellent  paftures  and 
meadows,  whicli  nourifli  a  great  number  of 
cattle.  The  ccnmierce  is  confiderabie,  from 
its  fertility,  its  filver  mines,  the  induflry  of 
its  inhabitants,  and  its  fituation,  lying  in  the 
road  of  communication  between  the  niari- 
timc  provinces  with  Cufco,  Paz, la  Plata,  occ. 
70  mdes  E.  Lima.  Long.  75.  48.  W.  Lai. 
II.45-S. 

Atuncagnar,  a  village  of  South-America, 
in  the  juriididi.in  of  Cuenca,  famoiis  for  its 
fertility,  and  the  tiealures  fiippofed  to  be 
buried  in  the  earth.  One  of  the  incas  is 
laid  to  have  built  there  a  n)agnificcnt  tem- 
ple, whofe  walls  v/ere  covered  with  gold, 
which  was  carried  off  and  hidden  ;  and  we 
aie  told  that  remains  ot  temples,  a  palace, 
and  a  fortrefs,  are  yet  vililJe. 

Atancolta,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  dio- 
ccfe  of  La  Paz.    15  miles  N.  Chuciiito. 


A  V  A 


A  V  A 


Atunffljl.1,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  In 
?>atoiia.     iS  miles  SSE.  Kiutaj;i. 

j-lturi,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Bcflbrabia^     2S  miles  S.  Bender. 

/icivloiPs  Keys,  four  or  five  fmall  iHands 
aiiiong'  tlic  Bahan:!as ;  one  of  them  about 
i-r  miles  in  length,  the  others  very  hijail. 
LiJ!j{.  73.  40.  W.  Lat.  23.  8.  N. 

Atzmnli  H  town  of  Japan,  in  tile  illand  of 
i\Mphon.     100  miles  \'v'.  Mtaco. 

All,  a  town  of  Auitria.  6  miles  N.  Ge- 
nuine] en. 

All,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lower  Bava- 
lia.     13  miles  NW.  Mofburg. 

Ava,  a  river  of  Aiia,  called  alfo  ISIcnan- 
ili;;/,  which  rifcs  in  the  mountains  of  Tlubet, 
snd  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Bengal  by  abun- 
dance of  mouths  or  divided  llreams,  about 
X^//.  16.N. 

Ava,  Qx  Aivignva.  a  town  of  Aha.  and  for- 
merly capital  of  Ava,  or  Birma,  on  n  river  of 
liie  lam.e  name.  It  vv-as  divided  into  upper 
and  lower  city,  both  fortified:  the  lower 
WHS  about  four  miles  in  circumference,  pro- 
tee'^ted  by  a  wall  30  feet  high,  with  a  deep 
i*nd  broad  ditch;  an  embankment  of  earth 
iupports  the  v/all  v/ithin.  The  upper  town, 
M'hich  may  be  called  the  citadel,  does  not 
exceed  a  mile  in  circumference,  and  is  much 
llronger  and  more  compad  than  the  other. 
'I  he  walls  are  now  mouldering  to  decay, 
and  great  part  of  the  timber  of  which  the 
houfes  weie  built  carried  away  to  found  a 
new  town,  called  Umvierapoora.  Nume- 
rous temples  are  falling,  and  the  few  houfes, 
built  of  brick,  become  the  abode  of  bats. 
Among  the  public  buildings  is  one  called 
Shoegunga,  in  which  it  was  neceifary  for 
every  officer  invefted  with  a  conmiiilion  to 
take  the  oath  of  allegiance.  Long.  95.  58. 
E.  I.at.  21.  51.  N. 

Ava,  a  country  of  Afia,  fo  called  from  its 
ancient  capital,  but  more  properly  iTfAw/;;^?, 
;md  now  generallv  Birvmh.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  north-welt  by  Caifay,  on  the  north 
hy  mountains  and  fbme  fniall  independent 
ilates,  on  the  north-eait  by  China,  on  the 
cait  by  Siam,  on  the  Ibuth  by  Pegu,  and  on 
the  ioutb.-wcff  by  Aracan.  In  a  war  between 
the  king  of  Pegu  and  Siam,  in  the  i-th  cen- 
tury, the  king  of  Ava  being  called  to  the 
.-iflilfanre  of' the  former,  after  defeating  the 
Si.imeie,_put  to  deaththe  king  of  Pegu,  and 
:uidcd  his  dominions  to  his  own.  In  1-44, 
the  Pegucrs  began  to  throw  off  the  yoke  ; 
:tnd  in  1752,  Ava  b-ecamc  the  habjei^t  Ifate; 
bur  l-Vgu  only  maintained  a  luperiority  for 
a  few  years;  ibr  in  1759,  the  capital  was 
taken  by  Alompra,  the  new  king  of  Birmah, 
and  the  empire  transferred  to' Birmah:  lb 
that  the  Birman  empire  extends  from  the 
torders  ol  Chii'M  and  Thibet  to  Quedah. 
'I  he  tov/n  is  now  hardly  in  exigence,  the 
f  .ucjuls  b^irg  removed  to  form  tlie  nev 


city  of  Ummerapoora.    The  religion  of  the 
Birmaus  is  Hindoo;  not  followers  of  Brail- 
ma,  but  iedaries  of  Boodh,  which  latter  is 
admitted  by  all  Hindoos  as  the  ninth  Avatar, 
or  dcfcent  from  theDcity,  in  the  capacity  of 
preferver :  he  refcnrjed  the  doctrines  con- 
tained in  the  Vedas,  and  ieverely  cenfured 
the  lacriilce  of  cattle,  or  depriving  any  b;u:g 
of  life.  He  is  called  the  author  of  happmefs; 
his   place   of  refidence   was  difcovered  at 
Gaya  in  Bengal,  by  the  iiluil:riou3  Amara, 
renowned   amonglf    men,  who  caufed  an 
image   of  the  fupreme  Boodh  to  be  made, 
and  worfhipped  it.     Gctma,  or  Goutura,  or 
Gaudma,  is  laid  to  have  been  a  philofopher, 
and  to  have  liourifhed  2300  years  ago;  he 
taught  in  the  Indian  fchools  the  heterodox 
religion   and   philolcphy  of  Boodh.     The 
image  that  reprelents  Boodh  is  called  Gaud- 
ma,  or  Goutum,  wnich  is  the  commonly  re- 
ceived appellation  of  Boodh  himfelf :  this 
image  is  the  primary  objed  of  worlhip  in  all 
the  countries   between  Bengal   and  China. 
This  religion  is  faid  to  have  iiril:  rifen  in 
Ceylon,  and  thence  through    Aracan  eaft- 
ward     Their  laws  iikewiie  are  fuppofed  to 
be  derived  from  the  Cingalefe.  The  govern- 
ment is  in  the  hands  of  a  king,  whole  will 
is  abfolute,  and  power  undelined.    The  chiefs 
minifters  of  Ifate  are  called  woongees,  and 
the    next  in  authority  woondocks.     The 
Birmans,  in   features,   rather  refemble  the 
Chinefe  than  the  Hindoos  ;  the  women  are 
in  general  fairer  than  the  women  of  Hindoo- 
flan,  but  not  fb  delicately  formed  ;  they  are 
however  well  made,  and  in  general,  incHned 
to  corpulence :  their  hair  is  black,  coarfe, 
and  long.     The  men  aix  not  tall,  but  a6live 
and  athletic ;  tliey  pluck  out  the  hair,  inflead 
of  ihaving  their  beards  with  a  razor;  and 
they  tattow  their  thighs  and  arms  in  a  vari- 
ety of  fan'aftic  fliapes  and  figures.     They 
are  not  io  cleanly  in  their  perfbns  as  the 
Hindoos,  among  whom  daily  ablution  is  a 
religious  as  well  as  a  m.oral  duty.    Marriages 
are  not  contraftcd  before  the  age  of  puberty, 
and  the  contract  is  purely  civil ;  polygamy 
is  forbidden,  but  concubinage  is  allowed  to 
a  certain    extent.      Divorces   are   allowed 
under  particular  circun:ltances,  but  the  pro- 
eels  is  attended  with  great  ex/ljnce.    Wives 
are  rarely  unfaithful.   'I"he  women  arc  gene- 
rally indultrious  ;  and  in  the  higher  ranks  of 
life,  the  female  fervants  are  employed  iii 
"  the  various  labours  of  the  loom,"  weaving 
b^ing  chiefly  a  female  occupation.     When 
a  man  dies  intellate,  three-fourths  of  his  pro- 
perty go  to  his  children  born  In  wedlock, 
but  not  in  equal  proportions,  and  one-fourth 
to  his  widow.    They  burn  their  dead,  unlefs 
the  deceafcd  is  a  pauper,  i;i  which  cafe  the 
body  is  either  buried,  or  calt  into  die  river. 
The  population  is  uncertain  ;  but  the  num- 
ber oi  citiesj  towns,  and  villages,  withou.!; 


A  V  A 

ihcludmc!;  Aracan,is  eftiinated  at  8000;  from 
which  Major  Synics  calculates  the  number 
of  inhabitants  at  14,500,000,  and  including 
Aracan,  17,000,000.  Every  man  i';  l.able  to 
be  called  upon  for  his  military  ler\  ices,  but 
the  regular  eltabliflimeiit  isfiiiall,  befides  the 
immediate  attendants  on  the  king  ;  the 
royal  magazines  are  faid  to  be  well  lurniih- 
ed  with  arms  in  caie  of  emergency.  In 
their  food  the  Birmans  are  mcjre  grols  than 
the  Hindoos,  abllaining  only  from  domelHc 
animals,  but  eagerly  I'eeking  tor,  and  eating 
game;  and  the  poorer  fort  readily  feed  on 
rcpLiles,  fuch  as  lizards,  Ihakcs,  guanas,  iScc. 
The  climate  is  healthy,  and  the  ibil  in  gene- 
ral fertile,  producing  wheat,  and  all  the  va- 
rious grain  of  India,  fugar,  indigo,  cotton, 
and  the  tropical  fruits,  in  high  perfedion. 
Befides  the  teak-tree,  there  is  almoll  every 
other  fort  known  in  India.  In  the  northern 
part,  tov/ards  the  borders  of  China,  there  are 
mines  of  gold  and  filver,  and  lome  likewife 
of  diamonds,  rubie.-,  and  fapphires.  The 
trade  with  China  is  exteniuc;  the  principal 
article  is  cotton,  belidcs  which  the  Chinefe 
purchafe  amber,  ivory,  precious  iloncs,  bec- 
tle-nuf,  and  edible  birds-nells :  for  which 
the  Birmans  receive  in  return  raw  and 
wrought  hlks,  velvets,  gold  leaf,  preferves, 
paper,  and  fome  articles  ot  hard-ware.  The 
Birmans  have  no  coin  ;  filver  in  bullion  and 
lead  is  the  current  money  of  the  country  : 
"weight  and  purity  are  the  ftandard  of  value. 
A  treaty,  forming  a  connei^ion  of  trade  be- 
tween the  Enghih  Ealf-India  Company  and 
the  court  of  Birmah,  was  fettled  by  Major 
Symes  in  the  year  1795. 

Jlva,  a  town  of  Ahatic  Turkey,  in  Cara- 
mama.     12  miles  N\V.  Alanieh. 

Availlct  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Vienne.  15  miles  E.  Civray, 
and  18  SSW.  Montmorillon. 

Aval,  or  Bahhre'ni,  an  illand  in  the  Per- 
■fiari  gulf,  the  largeil  among  the  clulf  er  called 
Bahhrein,  famous  tor  its  pearl  tifhei  y.  It  is 
of  an  oblong  form,  about  30  miles  in  length, 
and  where  broadeft,  iz  wide,  but  grov.'ing 
narrower  gradually  towards  each  end.  It 
contains,  befides  the  town  of  Bahhrein, 
which  is  fortilied,  about  60  poor  villages. 
LiOiig.  48.  4.  E.  Lat.  26.  36.  N. 

Avalas,  a  town  of  Servia.  la  aiilcs  S. 
Belgrade. 

Avaloii,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Yonne,  and  principal  place  of  a 
diftriiit,  lituated  on  the  river  Cou'in,  It  is 
a  tov/n  ot  confide! able  trade  in  grain,  wine, 
and  cattle;  with  a  cloth  manutaiftoty.  In 
J359,  this  place  was  taken  and  pillaged  by 
the  Englilh  under  Edward  III.  23  miles 
SSW.  Auxerre,  and  50  S.  Troyes.  Long. 
4.  E.  Lat.  47.  29.  N. 

Avatiatok,  one  of  the  Fox  iflands.  Lo?ig. 
J89, 14.  E-  Lat,  54-  ij'  N, 


A  U  R 

Azara,  a  town  ofSvria.  4  miles  E.  Saidc. 
Avaray,  a  town  of  1'' ranee,  in  the  depart- 
ment ot  the  Loir  and  Cher,     ij  miles  N£. 
Blois. 

Auarcavellca,  fee  G;iar:iaiiga. 
Ai-aro,    a   town    of  Hindoolhtn,    in   the 
country  of  Soonda.     14  miles  NE.  Goa. 

Azuitcha,  or  Avatscha-,  a  ieaport  town  of 
Kamtchatlcha,  on  the  noiih  ^i\>\>i.  of  the  har- 
bour of  St.  Peter  and  Paul,  called  A-catchj. 
Bay.     Lc/ig.  is^.  4.  E.  I,aL  S3.1>i. 

Avai'Ji/a,  a  town  of  B radii,  on  the  river 
Negro.     220  miles  \V.  Fort  de  Rio  Negio. 

_  Avavhi,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  tlic 
diocefe  of  La  Paz.  75  miles  W.  Caravavu, 
and  jf>  N.  Chucuito.  "  , 

Au/',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bifliop- 
ric  of  Wurzburg,  on  the  river  Gollach.  jn 
miles  S.  Wurzburg,  and  28  NW.  Anfpach'. 
Lo;!g.  10.  10.  E.  i^at.  49.  37.  N. 

Aubagne,^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  mouths  of  the  Rhone.  9 
miles  E.  Marfeilles,  and  15  SSE.  Aix. 

Aubais,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  rienart- 
ment  of  the  Gard.  3  miles  SE.  Sommi'eres, 
and  ,0  SW.Nifmes. 

Aubf,  a  -iver  of  France,  wliich  rifes  near 
Auberive,  m  the  department  of  the  Upper 
Marne,  pafles  by  Ferte  fur  Aube,  Bar  fur  1 
Aube,  Dicnvillc,  yircis,  &c.  and  joins  the 
Seine,  7  miles  below  Mery.  It  gives  name 
to  a  department,  which  it  waters. 

Aube,  a  department  of  Fi-an.:e,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  department  of  tlie 
Marne,  on  the  ea'll:  by  the  department  of  the  " 
Upper  Marne,  on  the  fouth  by  tlie  depart- 
ments of  the  Yonne  and  the  Cotc-d'Oi-,  on 
the  fouth-wclt  by  the  depai  tment  of  the 
Yonne,  and  on  the  north-well  by  the  depai  t- 
ment  of  the  Seine  and  Marne;  about  ,5 
miles  fiom  caft  to  well,  and  48  from  noidi 
to  ibuth.  It  is  compo!i;d  of  pare  of  Cliam- 
pagne.    Troyes  is  tlie  capital. 

AiibenastW  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardcche.  10  miles  SVv\ 
Privas.    Loyig.  4,  30.  E.  Lat.  44.  3 7.  N. 

Atihenton,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aifhe.  %  7  miles  N£.  Laon, 
and  10  E.  Vervias. 

ylubcrg,  a  town  of  Auflria,  on  the  nonh 
fide  of  die  Danube,  oppofite  Lintz. 

Aubenve,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Marne,  on  the  Suippe. 
15  miles  N.  Chalons. 

Auberive^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Maine.  12  miles 
SW.  Langres. 

Anbcrive,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Iliire.     5  1  idles  S.  Vienne. 

Aubcrock',  a  village  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  ;hc  Dorilogne.  In  1344,  the 
Frencli  were  dcteaied  by  the  Enghih,  with 
great  lofs,  near  this  piace.  6  miics  E.  Peri- 
fiucux. 


A  V  A 


A  V  A 


Atunfnjlj,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  In 
?>'atoiia.     iS  miles  SSE.  Kiutaj.i. 

/Itiirit  1  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Jjcflorabia-     23  miles  S.  Bender. 

At-Tjlod''s  Keys,  four  or  five  fmall  iHands 
air;ong  tlic  Bahan:!as ;  one  of  them  about 
15  miles  in  length,  the  others  very  fiiiall. 
Long.  73.  40.  W.  Lat.  23.  8.  N. 

Atzain':.,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  illand  of 
Ts'iphon.     100  miles  W.  Mt:ico. 

All,  a  town  of  Auftria.  6  miles  N.  Ge- 
mundcn. 

All,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lower  Bava- 
ria.    I  a  miles  KW.  Molburg. 

Ava,  a  river  ot  Afia,  called  alfo  I\Ievan- 
ki'.u,  which  riles  in  the  mountains  of  TJiibet, 
and  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Bengal  by  abun- 
dance of  mouths  or  divided  Itreams,  about 
X^//.  16.N. 

Ava^  or  yluagnva.  a  town  of  Alia,  and  for- 
merly capital  of  Ava,  or  Birma,  on  a  river  of 
the  lame  name.  It  was  divided  into  upper 
and  lower  city,  both  fortified:  the  lower 
was  about  four  miles  in  circumference,  pro- 
tecfced  by  a  w;i!l  30  feet  hiyh,  with  a  deep 
ind  broad  ditch;  an  embankment  of  earth 
iupports  the  wall  within.  The  upper  town, 
which  may  be  called  the  citadel,  does  not 
exceed  a  mile  in  circumference,  and  is  much 
Itrongernnd  more  compadl  than  the  other. 
'I  he  wails  are  now  mouldering  to  decay, 
and  great  part  of  the  timber  of  which  the 
houl'es  we!  e  built  carried  away  to  found  a 
new  town,  called  Ummcrapoora.  Nume- 
rous temples  are  falling,  and  the  few  houfes, 
built  of  brick,  become  the  abode  of  bats. 
Among  the  public  buildings  is  one  called 
Shoegunga,  in  which  it  was  neceifary  for 
every  officer  inveftcd  with  a  conmiiiiion  to 
take  the  oath  of  allegiance.  Long.  95.  58. 
E.  Lat.  21.  51.  N. 

Ava,  a  country  of  Alia,  fo  called  from  its 
ancient  capital,  but  more  properly  iJ-fAw/;//^?, 
;ind  now  generally  Binuah.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  north-welt  by  Callav,  on  the  north 
by  mountains  and  fome  fmall  independent 
li.ites,  on  the  north-eall  bv  China,  on  the 
call  by  Siam,  on  the  Ibuth  by  Pegu,  and  on 
tlic  louth.-wcft  by  Aracan.  In  a  war  between 
the  kmg  of  Pegu  and  Si;;m,  in  tiie  1 7th  cen- 
tury, the  king  of  Ava  being  called  to  the 
.-'flilhince  of/ the  former,  after  defeating  the 
Siameicjput  to  death  the  king  of  Pegu,  and 
added  his  dominions  to  his  own.  In  1-44 
the  Pegucrs  beg;in  to  throw  oif  the  yoke  ; 
•and  m  1752,  Ava  h,ecamc  the  fubjea  Hate; 
but  Pegu  only  maintained  a  fuperionty  for 
a  kw  years;  for  in  1759,  the  capital  was 
taken  by  Alompra,  the  new  king  of  Birmah, 
and  the  empire  transferred  to^ Birmah:  lb 
that  the  Birman  empire  extends  from  the 
lordtrs  oi'  China  and  Thibet  to  Quedah. 
1  he  town  IS  now  haidly  in  exillence,  the 
f.  .utuuls  bv;irg  removed  to  form  tlie  r.ev 


city  of  Ummerapoora.    The  religion  of  the 
Bsrmaiis  is  Hindoo;  not  followers  of  Brah- 
ma, but  iedaries  of  Boodh,  which  latter  is 
admitted  bv  all  Hindoos  as  the  ninth  Avatar, 
or  defcent  from  theDeity,  in  the  capacity  of 
preferver :  ho  refcrnied  the  doctrines  con- 
tained in  the  Vedas,  and  feverely  cenfured 
the  lacriijce  of  cattle,  or  depriving  any  L-ii:g 
of  life.  He  is  called  the  author  of  happmefs; 
his   place   of  reiidence  was  difcovered  at 
Gaya  in  Bengal,  by  the  iiluilrious  Amara, 
renowned   amongll:    men,   who  caufed  an 
image   of  the  fupreme  Boodh  to  be  made, 
and  v/orlhipped  it.     Gctma,  or  Goutum,  or 
Gaudma,  is  faid  to  have  been  a  phiiofopher, 
and  to  have  t^oundied  2300  years  ago;  he 
taught  in  the  Indian  fchools  the  heterodox 
religion    and   philofcphy  of  Boodh.    The 
image  that  reprelcnts  Boodh  is  called  Gaud- 
ma, or  Goutum,  wnich  is  the  commonly  re- 
ceived appellation  of  Boodh  himielf :   this 
ima.ge  is  the  primary  object  of  worlhspin  all 
the  countries   between  Bengal   and  China. 
Tliis  religion  is  faid  to  have  firft  rifen  in 
Ceylon,  and  thence  through   Aracan  eaft- 
ward     Their  laws  likewife  are  fuj^pofed  to 
be  derived  from  th.e  Cingalefe.  The  govern- 
ment is  in  the  hands  of  a  king,  whole  will 
is  abfolute,  and  power  undelined.    The  chief 
miniflers  of  ftate  are  called  woongees,  and 
the    next  in  authority  woondocks.     The 
Birmans,  in   features,   rather  refemble  the 
Chinefe  than  the  Hindoos  ;  the  women  are 
in  general  fairer  than  the  women  of  Hindoo- 
ftan,  but  not  fb  delicately  formed  ;  they  are 
however  well  made,  and  in  general,  inchned 
to  corpulence :  their  hair  is  black,  coarfe, 
and  long.     The  men  are  not  tall,  but  a6tive 
and  athletic ;  diey  pluck  out  the  hair,  inlbead. 
of  lliaving  their  beards  with  a  razor;  and 
they  tattow  their  thighs  and  arms  in  a  vari- 
ety of  fan'aftic  fhapes  and  figures.     They 
are  not  fo  cleanly  in  their  perfons  as  the 
Hindoos,  among  whom  daily  ablution  is  a 
religious  as  well  as  a  m.oral  duty.    Marriages 
are  not  contraftcd  before  the  age  of  puberty, 
and  the  contract  is  purely  civil  ;  polygamy 
is  forbidden,  but  concubinage  is  allowed  to 
a  certain    extent.      Divorces   are   allowed 
under  particular  circumltances,  but  the  pro- 
ceis  is  attended  with  great  ex<l.jnce.  ■  Wives 
are  rarely  unfaithful.   The  women  arc  gene- 
rally indultvious  ;  and  in  the  higher  ranks  of 
life,  the  female  fervants  are  employed  \\\ 
"  the  various  labours  of  the  loom,"  weaving 
being  chiefly  a  female  occupation.     When 
a  m.an  dies  inteuate,  three-fourths  of  his  pro- 
perty go  to  his  children  born  in  wedlock, 
but  not  in  equal  proportions,  and  one-fourth 
to  his  widow.    They  burn  their  dead,  unlefs 
the  deceafed  is  a  pauper,  in  which  cafe  the 
body  is  either  buried,  or  call:  into  die  river. 
The  population  is  uncertain  ;  but  the  num- 
ber oi  cities,  towns,  and  villages,  \vithov.s 


A  V  A 

ihcludmcT  Aracan,is  eftimated  at  8000;  from 
which  M.Lj'oi"  Synies  calculates  the  number 
of  inhabitants  at  14,300,000,  and  including 
Aracan,  17,000,000.  Everyman  is  i  able  to 
be  called  upon  for  his  military  fer\  ices,  but 
the  regular  eilablifiimciit  isfmall,  befides  the 
immediate  attendants  on  the  king  ;  the 
royal  magazines  are  laid  to  be  well  lurnlHi- 
ed  with  arms  in  cale  of  emergency.  In 
their  food  the  Birmans  are  more  grols  than 
the  Hindoos,  abilaining  only  from  domclHc 
animals,  but  eagerly  lecking  tor,  and  eating 
game;  and  the  poorer  fort  readily  feed  on 
reptiles,  fuch  as  lizards,  ihakcs,  guanas,  &c. 
Tlse  climate  is  healchy,  and  the  foil  in  gene- 
ral fertile,  producing  wheat,  and  all  the  va- 
rious grain  of  India,  fugar,  indigo,  cotton, 
and  the  tropical  fruits,  in  high  perfedion. 
Befides  the  teak-tree,  there  is  almolf  every 
other  fort  known  in  India.  In  the  northern 
part,  tov/ards  the  borders  ol  China,  there  are 
mines  of  gold  and  fiber,  and  iome  likcwife 
of  diamonds,  rubie.-,  and  fapphircs.  The 
tr-ade  with  China  is  extcnave;  the  principal 
article  is  cotton,  belides  which  the  Chinrfe 
purchafe  amber,  ivory,  precious  Hones,  bee- 
tle-nut, and  edible  birds-nells :  for  which 
the  Birmans  receive  in  return  raw  and 
wrought  lilks,  velvets,  gold  leaf,  preferves, 
paper,  and  fome  articles  ot  hard-ware.  The 
Birmans  have  no  coin  ;  filver  in  bullion  and 
lead  is  the  current  money  of  the  country: 
■weight  and  purity  are  the  llandard  of  value. 
A  treaty,  forming  a  conne(5tion  of  trade  be- 
tween the  EngUih  Ealt -India  Company  and 
the  court  of  Birmah,  was  fettled  by  Major 
Symes  in  the  year  1795. 

Jl'ja,-2L  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Cara- 
mama.     12  miles  NW.  Alanieh. 

Ai'jtlle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Vienne.  15  miles  E.  Civray, 
and  18  SSW.  Montmorillon. 

ylihil,  or  Bahhrein,  an  illand  in  the  Per- 
fian  gulf,  the  largeft  among  the  cluficr  called 
Bahhrein,  famous  tor  its  pearl  filhery.  It  is 
of  an  oblong  form,  about  30  miles  in  length, 
•and  where  broadefl,  12  wide,  but  grov,fing 
narrower  gradually  towards  each  end.  It 
contains,  befides  the  town  of  Bahhrein, 
which  is  fortilied,  about  60  poor  villages. 
Lo)ig.  48.  4.  E.  Lat.  26.  36.  N. 

A-oalas,  a  tov.^n  of  Servia.  la  miles  S. 
Belgrade. 

Avalon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Yonne,  and  principal  place  of  a 
diftridt,  htuated  on  the  river  Coulin.  It  is 
a  town  of  conildeiable  trade  in  grain,  wine, 
andcatde;  with  a  cloth  manutaifioiy.  In 
1359,  '^'^'^  place  was  taken  and  pillaged  by 
the  Englilh  under  Edward  III.  23  miles 
SSW.  Auxerre,  and  50  S.  Troyes.  Long. 
4.  E.  Lat.  47.  29.  N. 

Avanatok,  one  of  the  Fox  iflands.  Long. 
J89, 14.  Il«  Lat,  54-  ij'  N. 


A  U  P> 

Aviva,  a  town  of  Svria.  4  miles  E.  Saidc. 
Aviiuiy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loir  and  Cher.     12  miles  N£. 
Blois. 

Auarca-jflica,  fee  G:uv:iaii^a. 
Aiuuoy   a   town    of  Hindoolhm,   in  the 
country  of  Soonda.     14  miles  NE.  Goa. 

Aviucba,  or  Avatscha^  a  ieaport  town  of 
Kamtchatlcha,  on  die  noMli  IJde  of  the  har- 
bour of  St.  Peter  and  Paul,  called  Avatchu 
Bay.     Long.  158.  4.  Y..  Laf.si-^- 

Avavida,  a  town  of  Bnilil,  on  the  river 
Negro.  _  220  miles  \V.  Fort  de  Rio  Negro. 
Avavhi,  a  tov/n  of  South-America,  in  tlic 
diocefe  of  La  Paz.    75  miles  W.  Caravava, 
and  76  N.  Chucuito.  '  , 

y/.v/',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bidiop- 
ric  ot  Wurzburg,  on  the  liver  Gollach.  17 
miles  S.  Wurzburg,  and  28  NW.  Anfpach. 
Long.  10.  10.  E.  Lat.  49.  37.  N. 

Aubagne,^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  mouths  of  the  Rhone.  9 
miles  E.  Marfeilles,  and  15  SSE.  Aix. 

Aiibais,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gard.  3  miles  SE.  Sommi'eres, 
and  ic  SW.  Nifmes.  •' 

Aube,  a  :  ;ver  of  France,  wliich  rifes  near 
Auberive,  m  the  department  of  the  Upncr 
Marne,  pafles  by  Ferte  fur  Aube,  Bar  fur  ) 
Aube,  Dicnvillc,  Arcis,  &c.  and  joins  the 
Seine,  7  miles  below  Mery.  It  gives  name 
to  a  department,  which  it  waters. 

Aubc^  a  department  of  Fran,:-,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  departm.-nt  of  the 
Marne,  on  the  eail:  by  the  department  of  the 
Upper  Marne,  on  the  fouth  by  tiie  dep;;rt- 
ments  of  the  Yonne  and  the  Cutc-d'Or,  on 
the  ibuth-wclL  by  the  department  of  the 
Yonne,  and  on  the  north-well:  by  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Seine  and  Marne;  about  55 
miles  fiom  calf  to  welf,  and  48  from  north 
to  ibuth.  It  is  compoied  of  part  of  Cham- 
pagne.    Troyes  is  the  capital. 

Aubenas,  a  town  of  Frimce,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardcche.  10  miles  SW. 
Privas.    Lo7ig.  4.  30.  E.  I^at.  44.  37.  N. 

Aubenton,  a  toum  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aifne.  27  miles  NE.Laon, 
and  10  E.  Vervias. 

Aubcrg,  a  town  of  Auflria.on  the  north 
llde  of  die  Danube,  oppolite  Lintz. 

Aubcr:te,  a  town  of"  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Marne,  on  die  Suippe. 
15  miles  N.  Chalons. 

Aubirhcy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Marne.  12  miles 
SW.  Langres. 

Anbcr'ive,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Here.     5  u.iles  S.  Vienne. 

Auberock',  a  village  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  ;  he  Dordogne.  In  1344,  the 
French  were  defeaied  by  the  EngLlh,  v^ith 
great  lofs,  near  this  place.  6  mues  £.  Periv 
gucux. 


A  U  C 

Ai'l)eferre,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Charente.  i8  miles  SE. 
Eaihcfieux,  and  21  S.  Angoulefrae. 

Auhett'i^  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  uito 
tliC  Seine,  near  Rouen. 

Auhc-jUiiers,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
p#rtn:ent  of  the  Somme.  13  m.  SSE.  Amiens. 
Atibevilliers,  (LssJ  a  town  of  France. 
3  miles  NNE.  Paris. 

Auhiere!,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Puy  de  Dome.     3  m.  £E.  Clermont. 
Aubers,  (Les,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
depariuient  of  the   two   Sevres.      6  miles 
ENE.  Chatillon  fur  Sevres. 

ylubiet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gers.     9  miles  E._Au.ch. 

AtLbi<^7iy,  .Mown  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Straits  of  Calais.  8  miles 
WNW.  St.  PoL 

Auhigny,  a  tov/n  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  dillriiSt,  in  the  department  of  the 
Cher.  18  miles  NW.  Sancerre,  and  2a  N. 
Bourges.  Long.  2.  31.  E-  Lat.£,~i.  29.  N. 

Aboudange,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meurte.  2  miles  S.  Mor- 
hange,  and  6  NNE.  Chateau-Salins. 

AuboHHc,  a  town  of  Sv/iilerland,  in  the 
canton  ot  Berae,  and  capital  oi  a  bailiv/ick 
in  the  Pays  de  Vaud.  11  miles  WSW. 
Laui'anne.  X^?/^. 6.  13.E.  Z/^?.  4^).  30.  N. 
Ai'J>JJadt.,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Wurzburg.  3  miles  NW.  Ko- 
cigflvofen. 

AubtirgtTitow'Xi  of  Germany,  in  ihe  coun- 
ty of  Diepholz.     6  miles  E.  Diepholz. 

Auburn,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  coun- 
ty ol:  Wilts,  fituatc'd  on  the  river  Kennet, 
on  the  borders  of  BerkHiire.  A  conliderable 
iufl:ian  manufaftnre  is  carried  on  here,  but  a 
market  which  it  formerly  had  is  diful"ed. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  is  1280.  7  miles 
£.  Marlborough. 

Azibiilfon,  a  town  of  France,  and  chief 
.place  of  a  dillrict,  in  the  department  of  the 
,Creuic.  18  miles  SE.  Gucret,  -.md  42  "VV. 
Clermont.  Lo>ig.  1.  i^.lL.  LaL  4^.  <;2.'N. 
yl'fca,  a  town  of  Balk,  on  the  borders  of 
;Per{ia.     170  miles  SSW.  Balk. 

A:igagureln,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Adcl.  Long.  42.  19.  E.  Ldt. 
8.  58.N. 

Atich,  a  citv  of  France,  and  capital  of  the 

department  of  Gcrs.    Beiore  die  revolution, 

the  capital  of  Armagnac,    and    I'ec  of  an 

■flrchbiihop,  who  had  the  title  of  Priinato  of 

Aquitaine;   and  was  the  metropolis  of  all 

Galcony,  with   a  revenue  of  1255000  Jivres. 

-The  cathedral  was  cfteemed.one  of  the  moll 

heautiiul  of  all  France.    It  Ifands  on  a  moun- 

..  tain  near  the  Gers.   89  pofts  S.  Paris.  Long. 

,^.  39,E.  /.<'//;.43.  38.  N. 

Aiichl'iblay,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Kin- 
•  cardint-fhiiv,'  witli  a  celebrated  market  for 
I'ack  cattle  and  hcrles,  heki  weekly  from 


A  U  E 

Michaelmas  to  Chriftmas.     10  miles  NW. 
Inverbervie, 

Aucl't'j-rarder,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in 
Perthfhire,  once  a  royal  burgh,  but  long 
lince  disrranchifed.  Kear  it  are  the  remains 
of  a  cafiJe,  ufed  as  a  hunting  feat  by  Mal- 
colm Canmore.     15  miles  SSW,  Perth, 

Auchtermnchty,  a  town  of  Scotland,  and  a 
royal  burgh,  in  the  county  of  Fife,  go- 
verned by  bathes  and  council,  but  without 
the  privilege  of  vot'ng  for  members  of  Par- 
liament. Here  are  manufactures  of  linen, 
and  about  2060  inhjibitants.  3  miles  N. 
Falkland. 

Anchiirin,  one  of  the  fmaller  Hebrides, 
near  ihe  call:  coaft  of  Iky.  Long,  s-  57-  W. 
LaL  55-46.  N. 

Auche  en  Braye,  a  village  of  France,  Id 
the  department  of  the  Lower  Seine.  In 
1077,  a  battle  was  fought  here  between  Wil- 
ham  I.  king  of  England,  «nd  his  fon  llobert, 
in  which  the  king  was  wounded.  2  miles 
E.  Gcurnay. 

Aiidc,  a  river  of  France,  which  rifes  in  the 
Pyrenees,  paffes  by  Quilan,  Alet,  Limoux, 
Carccdfonne,  &c.  and  empties  itfelf  into  the 
Mediterranean,  about  10  miles  E-Narbonne. 
It  gives  name  to  a  department,  through 
which  it  flows. 

Aude,  a  department  of  France,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  departments  of  the 
Tarn  and  the  Herault,  on  the  eail  by  tire 
Mediterranean  Sea,  on  the  fouth  by  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eaffern  Pyrenees,  and  oa 
the  well  by  the  departments  of  the  Arriege 
and  the  Upper  Garonne,  c,^  miles  from 
ealt  to  welt,  and  40  from  north  to  fouth. 
This  department  is  com.pofed  of  a  part  of 
Languedoc,  The  river  Aude  crofi'es  it  from 
Ibuth-wclf  to  north-call:.  Carc;tflbnne  is  tlie 
capital. 

ylndenes,  an  iiland  in  the  North  Sea,  about 
thirty  miles  long,  and  ten  broad  ;    40  miles 
from  the  coalt  of  Norv/ay.   Lat.  69.12.  N. 
Anderfier,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Invernefs.     9  miles  NE.  Invernefs. 

Audi:rne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depai  t- 
ment  of  Finilferre,  lituated  in  a  bay  of  the 
Englidt  Channel,  to  which  it  gives  name. 
16  miles  W.  (luimpei".  Long.  4.  27.  W. 
Lat.  48.  3.  N. 

Andhxourt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ujiper  Rhine.  4  miles  ESE. 
Montbeliard. 

AndrnUk,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
parment  of  the  Straits  of  Calais.  10  miles 
NW.  St.  Omer. 

Aadun  Ic  Rovian,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Mofelle.  10  miles 
W.  Thionville. 

Ave,  a  river  of  Portug;>!,  which  runs  into 
the  lea,  near  Villa  de  Conde,  in  the  province 
gf  Fntre  Duero  e  Minho. 
Aus,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  runs  into 


AVE 

the  Wefer,  3  miles  S.  Nienburg,  in  the  circle 
of  Weftphalia. 

Aue,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle  of 

Erzgeburg.     17  miles  S.  Chemaitz,  10  SE. 

Zwicka.     Long.  iz.  40.  E.    Lai.  so.  34.  N. 

Aiit;,  a  river  of  Lower  Saxony,  which  runs 

into  the  Fuhfe,  2  miles  SSE.  Zell. 

Aue,  a  river  which  nfes  in  feveral  branches 
in   the  principality  of  Calenberg,  and  runs 
into  the  Leche,ncar  Neulladtam  Rubenberg. 
yhehcry,  fee  Abury. 

Avegos,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro 
vince  of  Beira.     16  miles  SW.  Lamego. 

Avebcu,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vinceof  Chiamctlan,  20m.  SSE.  Chiametian. 
ylvein,  a  town  of  Fiance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Forefts.  In  16,14,  the  Spaniards 
were  defeated  here  by  the  French.  6  miles 
N.  Rochefort. 

Avclras  ds  Baixas,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Eitramadura.    15  miles  SSVv'.  Sa'^ureni. 

Avclras  cie  C'lvia,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Ellramadura.     1 1  niiles  S W.  Santarcm. 

Avciro,  or  Braga?iga  Nova,  a  feaport 
town  of  Portugal,  in  the  province  of  Beira, 
fituated  in  a  fnrall  gulf  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Vouga:  the  harbour  is  only  lit  f)r  veirels  of 
moderate  lize.  The  chief  trade  is  Iklt,  of 
which  great  ciuantities  are  made  in  its  envi- 
rons. 33  miles  S. Oporto,  and ii6N.Lifbon. 
Lo::g.  8.  34.  W.     Lat.  40.  40.  N. 

Aveiroii,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Tarn,  11  miles  below  Montauban. 

Avelroji,  adepartmcnt  of  France,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  department  of  the  Can- 
tal,  on  the  eaft  by  the  departments  of  the 
Lozere  and  the  Garde,  on  the  fouth  by  the 
department  of  the  Tarn,  and  on  the  well  by 
the  department  of  the  Lot;  about  65  miles 
in  length,  and  45  in  breadth  :  compofed  of 
that  province  which,  before  the  revolution, 
was  C'iWt^  Rouergue.  Rhodez  is  the  capital. 
Avelini,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  pro- 
vince ofSoonda.     14  miles  S.  Goa. 

Az'eI/a,d.io\vn  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Lavora,  built  in  a  delightful  lituation,  com- 
manding a  view  as  far  as  Naples.  The  town  ' 
and  caftle  give  name  to  a  family  defcended 
from  the  ancient  dukes  of  Auftria.  Not  far 
from  it  are  the  ruins  of  Abella,  celebrated 
by  Virgil  for  its  honey  or  apples,  as  it  is 
varioufly  written  Abellae  Malifers;  or  MeiU- 
ferje ;  and  the  environs  of  the  prefent  Avclla 
produce  both  apples  and  honey,  excellent 
and  abundant.     15  miles  E.  Naples. 

A-jcHlm,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Prin- 
cipato  Ultra,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  with  a  reve- 
nue of  about  60G0  ducats  (H25I.  ftcrling)  a 
year:  the  number  of  inhabitants  is  eftimatcd 
at  8  or  io,oGO.  It  was  nearly  deftroyed  by 
an  earthquake  in  Sept.  1694.  The  magiftracy 
confifis  of  a  Syndic  and  four  Eletti,  all  an- 
nual; which  olHces  are  engroRcd  by  a  cer- 
taia  number  of  families  of  fome  diftindion, 


AVE 

that  neither  intermarry  nor  affociate  w'th  thr 
burghers.      The   Prince  of  Caracciola  has 
eltates  here  to  the  yearly  value  of  ao,ooo 
ducats,  (3,750!.)  of  which   two   thoufand 
arife  from  duties  on  the  dye  of  cloth,  which 
is  made  of  various  qualities  and  colours,  but 
chiefly  blue.    The  fccond  article  of  trade  is 
maccaroni,  and  palfe  of  many  kinds,  which 
being  of  an  excellent  quality,  is  in  high  repute 
all  over  the  country.     Wooden   chairs  are, 
aifo  made,  and  Ibid  here  in  great  cjuantities. 
Avellino  abounds  with  provifions  of  every 
fort ;  each  if  rect  is  fupphed  with  wholelbmc 
water;  the  wine   is  but  indillercnt.      The 
foil  of  this  diltridf,  which  conlilb  chicllv  of 
volcanic  lubllances,  produces  little  corn,  buC 
fruit  in  abundance,  of  which  the  apple  is 
defervedlyheld  in  great  clfeem.     The  molt 
profitable,  however,  of  all  its  fruit-trees,  is 
the  hazel.     Nut  or  filbert  buflies  cover  the 
face  of  the  valley;  and  in  good  ye^irs,  fays 
Mr.  Swinburne,  bring  in  a  profit  of  6o,ooq 
ducats,  iijSjol.     Thefe  bulhes  were  origi- 
nally imported  into  Italy  from  Pontus,  and 
known  among  the  Romans  by  the  appella- 
tion of  Nux  Pontica,  which  in  proccl's  of 
time  was  changed  into  that  of  Nux  Avellana, 
from  the  place  where  they  had  been  propa- 
gated with  the  greateil  fuccefs.     Ne;ir  ths 
town  of  Avellino  is  the  convent  of  Monte 
Virgine,   fituated  on  a  wild  mountain.     In 
Pagan  times,  this  mountain  was  facred  to 
the   mother  of  the  gods,  who   had  here  a. 
lumptuous  temple,  of  which  four  columns 
of  marble  are  employed  in  the  prefent  fabric. 
In  the  mufeum  of  the  convent  is  preferved 
a  haf lb-relievo,  reprefcnting  a  boy  with  a 
cornucopia,  a  ferpent  twined  round  a  fig- 
tree,  and  a  tripod,  emblems  of  the  wodhip 
of  Cybele.     In  the  year  11 19,  the  mountain 
was  refcued  from  the  patronage  of  the  mo- 
ther of  the  falfe  gods.by  William  of  Vercelli, 
who  founded  this  abbey,  and  dedicated  it, to 
the  mother  of  Chriit.     Charles  king  of  Hun- 
gary, prince  of  Salerno,  fbn  ot  Charles  the 
Second,   granted  to  thefe  fathers  a  patent, 
by  which  he  forbade  all  falt-lifli  to  be  ex- 
pofed  to  fale  in  the  fair  of  Salerno,  till  the 
af^ents  of  Monte  Virgine  had  made  their 
provilion  ;  a  privikge  they  enjoy  to  this  day. 
li  miles  S.  Bencvento,  and  aj  E.  Naples. 
Long.  14-39.  E-     Lat.  40.  54.  N. 

Aveu,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  runs  into 
the  Forth,  near  Inverkeithing. 

Avenay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Marne,  fituated  on  the  river 
Marne.  4  m.  NE.  Epernay,  and  15  V/NW. 
Chalons  fur  Marne. 

Avcncha,  a  town  of  tlic  Helvetian  Repub- 
lic, in  the  canton  of  Berne,  on  the  fouthern 
extremity  of  lake  Mjra,  anciently  the  ca- 
pital of  the  Hclveti,  and  calied  Aventicum. 
In  the  time  of  Julius  Caefar,  it  was  in  its 
greateft  ijlory,  but  the  Helvetian?  buiaed  it 


-     A  U  F 

u-hen  they  left  their  homes,  and  re -built  it 
on  thtir  return.  Vefpafian  made  it  a  Roman 
colony.  It  was  demoliflied  by  Attila,  and 
has  fuifered  many  ravages  at  different  times. 
Its  former  g'andeur  may  be  judged  of  from 
the  manv  ruins  and  the  antiquities  which 
have  been  difcovered.  When  Chriffianity 
was fhft  eilablifhed  in  the Vaudois, Avenches 
vas  erecled  into  a  bifhopric,  but  the  fee  was 
afterwards  removed  to  Lauf  uine.  It  is  now 
finall,  and  part  of  the  ancient  city  is  culti- 
vated for  grain  and  tobacco.  i8  miles  SW. 
Berne,  7  NW.  Friburg.  Long.  6.  51.  E. 
Z,^/.  46.55.  N.  _ 

Aner,  a  river  of  Lithuania,  which  runs 
into  the  Pregel,  12  miles  W.  Infterburg. 

Auerhach,  a  town  of  (icrmany,  in  the 
Vogtlarid.  14  m.  S.  Zwickau,  60  ^VSW. 
Drefden.    Lo!:g.  12.  ZS'^-   Z-^/.  50.28. N. 

j-iuerhnch,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
intotheV;liefs,in  thedepartmentof  the  Sane. 

Avenw,  a  fulphurous  lake  of  Naples,  in 
•  the  country  of  Larora,  about  600  yards  in 
diameter,  near  Puzzucli. 

'  Az-erdt  IJ,  an  inkt  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
near  the  north  coalt  of  Bougainville's  Ifland. 
Z,cvg.  154.  49-  E.     l^at.  5.  31.  S. 

Avero?2,  an  ifland  in  the  North  Sea,  near 
the  coafc  of  Norway.     Laf.  6 ;.  6.  N. 

Az'ernakCe,  an  ifland  of  Denmark,  near 
the  fouth  coaft  of  Fven,  about  4  miles  long, 
and  at  each  end  a  mile  broad,  Ku  much  nar- 
rower in  the  centre.  Long.  10. 18.  E.  Lat. 
SS'  a-  N. 

Avcrfa,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Lavora,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  fuffragan  of 
Naples.  10  miles  N.  Naples,  8  E.  Capuu. 
Long.  14-  I.  E.     Lat.  41.  N. 

Ai-cr/lcrg,  a  town  of  Germanv,  in  Jvlid- 
dle  Carnioia.     11  miles  NE.CJrknitz. 

Averto,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Gulf  of  Ve- 
nice, near  the  coaft  of  Friuli.  Long.  13.  3;. 
E.  Lat.  41,.  46.  N. 

Aves,  fee  Bird  IJJands. 

Avc'f.i,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs  into 
the  Adriatic,  near  Rimini. 

Ai'cjh,  or  Os,  a  town  of  Turkefran,  near 
the  Sir.     80  miles  SSE.  Andegan. 

Avefne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Straits  of  Calais.  9  miles  W. 
7^rras. 

Ai'ifiies,  a  ffrong  town  of  France,  in  the 
d'jr^n't'iit'nt  of  the  North,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftrid.  It  is  fituated  in  liai- 
naut,  on  the  finall  rivCr  Hefpie,  and  was 
ceded  to  France  by  the  Spaniards  in  1659. 
Thefortiiications  were  repaired  by  Vauban^ 
7  polls  E.  Cambrav,  and  24  and  a  half  NNE. 
Paris.     Long.  4.  F.  l,at.  50.  7.  N. 

A'cejlad,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Dalecar- 
lia,  wheie  theie  is  a  copper  work,  and  a 
mint  for  copper  money,  near  Fahlun. 

Anfis('s,;\  river  of  Francop.ia,  which  pafTcs 
by  Konigsfeld,  and  runs  iuio  th(;  \\'ila-t. 


AUG 

AuffiCs,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
fhopric of  Bamberg.     3  miies  SW.  Holfeld. 

Avi'zzano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra,  containing  about  27CO  inhabitants.  6 
miles  SW.  Celano,  and  18  S.  Aquila.  Long. 
13.  32.  E.  Lat.  41.  58.  N, 

Aiifedo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     21  miles  WSW.  Aquila. 

Affay,  a  town  of  Fiance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine.     18  m.  N.  Rouen. 

A:tfkir<.h,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Octtingen.    13  m.  N.Nordlingen. 

Auge,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Aube,  near  Anglure,  111  the  department 
of  the  Maine. 

Aufany,  an  ifland,  in  the  lake  of  Zu- 
rich ;  it  is  fmall,  but  has  two  churches. 

Augt'Ia,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  capital  of 
a  diltrift,  in  the  country  of  Tripoli,  well 
known  in  the  time  of  Herodotus  :  it  is  about 
a  mile  in  circumference,  the  ffrects  narrow 
and  dirty,  and  the  houfes  ill  built  of  lime- 
llone.  The  territory  is  abundant  in  dates. 
4'  o  miles  W.  Cairo,  and  400  ENE.  Mour- 
zouk.     Long.  22.  25.  E.  Lat.  29. 35.  N. 

Augher,-a.\\\\?,<gQ  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Tyrone.  It  had  formerly  a  caffle,  which 
vas  taken  and defl:royed,  in  1689,  by  a  de- 
tachnunt  from  the  garrifon  of  Londonderry, 
under  the  command  of  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Lloyd.     4  miles  NE.  Clogher. 

Augicourt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Saone.  13  miles 
NW.  Vefouil. 

Augczas,  a  Imall  ifland  of  Africa,  on  the 
coaft  of  Mozambique. 

Augsburg, or  Aiijhuigt'A  city  of  Germany,- 
fituated  in  a  fertile  and  delightful  country, 
b.:iween  the  rivers  Lech  and  Wertach, 
which  unite  not  far  from  it ;  it  is  furround- 
cd  with  ramparts,  walls,  and  ditches.  It  is 
thefeeofabiihop,hiffragan  of  the  archbifliop 
ofMentz.  Befides  the  cathedral,  it  has  fix 
Koman  Catholic  churches,  and  fixLuthera.n. 
There  are  fcverai  hofpitals,  and  other  cha- 
ritable foundations.  The  burghers  are  com- 
puted to  be  60C0.  The  magilfracy  confifts 
of  45,  of  whom  31  are  patricians,  four  re- 
lated to  patricians  by  marriage,  five  mer- 
chants, and  five  tradefmcn ;  the  council  is 
formed  of  an  equal  number  of  Lutherans 
and  Roman  Catholics.  The  trade  of  Augs- 
burg was  once  very  great,  and  is  now  con- 
fiderable.  In  the  diet  of  the  empire,  itpol- 
fefTed  the  fecond  place  of  the  imperial  cities 
of  Swabia,  and  was  afl'efl'ed  in  the  matricula 
at  507  rix-dullars,  twenty  kruitzers  and  a 
half.  The  biibop  was  a  prince  of  the  em- 
pire, and  lat  and  voted  in  the  college  of 
princes  betwixt  the  bifliops  of  ConlTance 
and  llildeflieim  ;  his  revenue  was  eflimated 
at  100,000  rix-dollars.  Ar.gfturgwas  called 
by  the  Romans  Aiguffa  Vindelicorum  :  its 
origin  is  uncertain  j  but  among  the  gre^t 


A  V  I 


A  V  r 


men  who  contributed  to  its  magnificence, 
they  reckon  Lucius  Cornelius  Balbus,  wlio 
was  made  a  Roman  citizen  by  Ponipey  ;  M. 
Titus,  a  famous  orator  ;  Quintiiius  Varus ; 
Drufus,  brother  to  Tiberius ;  and  Auguftus, 
who  made  it  a  Roman  colony.  It  was  i'eve- 
ral  times  lacked,  and  was  entirely  demo- 
ifhedby  Attila  king  of  the  Huns,  but  not- 
withllanding  its  difalfers,  it  became  one  of 
the  finefl  cities  of  Germany.  Augfburg 
will  ever  be  famous  on  account  of  theCon- 
fedion  of  Faith  prcfented  here  by  Luther 
and  Melandhon,  in  1530,  to  the  emperor 
Charles  V.  and  the  princes  of  the  empire. 
It  has  fourteen  gates,  all  handfome ;  the 
llreets  are  larger,  longer,  wider,  and  more 
airy  than  thofe  of  Nuremberg,  Francfort, 
Coblentz,  Cologne,  Sec.  but  more  thinly  in- 
habited. The  fortifications  are  not  of  much 
account.  The  epil'copal  territories,  which 
lie  fcattered  between  the  rivers  Lech,  Her, 
and  Danube,  were  among  the  indemnities, 
agreed  on  at  the  peace  or  Luneville,  given 
to  the  Eledor  of  Bavaria.  The  bifhop  held 
his  court  at  Augfburg,  but  his  principal  rc- 
fidence  was  at  Dilingen.  35  miles  NW. 
Munich.    LoJig.  10.  ^:^.  E.  Lat.  48.  17.  N. 

Angst, -x  village  of  Swifl'erland,  near  the 
Rhine;  once  a  celebrated  city,  cAXt&AuguJla 
Rauracormn.     6  miles  below  Bale. 

Augnjla.,  a  town  of  North-America,  and 
capital  of  the  flate  of  Georgia,  lituated  on 
the  fouth-weft  bank  of  the  river  Savannah. 
In  1 78 1,  it  was  taken  by  the  Britifli.  Long. 
81.56.  W.    Z^^.3:,.  21.N. 

Aiigujla,  fee  Agojia. 

AugujJa,  a  river  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba, 
which  runs  into  tlie  Spanhh  Main,  Long. 
74.50.  W.  Lat.  20.  ic.  N. 

A ugtijl a, -A  coMutsj  of  Virginia,  in  North- 
America,  which  fent  1375  men  to  the  na- 
tional militia,  in  the  year  1781. 

Auguftana,  a  town  of  Croatia,  a  i  miles 
S.  Agram. 

Auguficnhurg,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in 
the  dutchy  of  Slefwick.  6  m.  E.  Sonderborg. 

Augujieiibiirg^  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  county  of  Schwartzburg.  3  miles  E. 
Arnftadt. 

Augujioiv,  a  town  of  Pruflian  Poland,  in 
the  palatinate  of  the  Bielil';.  56  miles  NW. 
Bielflc. 

Augufnifhurg,  a  citadel  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  of  Erzgebirg.    7  m.  E.  Chemnitz. 

Aug:iJ}iLll)runn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  marquifate  of  Meiflen,  near  Radeberg. 

Aiihaff,  a  town  of  Auflria.  6  miles 
SSW.  Ips. 

Auhr,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  province 
ofOberland.     5  miles  SW.  Liebmuhl. 

Ayjan,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Arderbeitzan.     22  miles  S.  Tabris. 

Aviano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  28 
miJes  W.  Udinu,  15  ESE.  BeJluno. 


AviceCi  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  audience  of 
Lima,     jo  miles  NW.  Leon  de  Guanuco. 

Avido,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkcv,  on  tlie 
coaft  of  the  Ilellelpont,  with  a  callJe  to  de- 
fend the  ftrait,  anciently  Abydos.  17  miles 
SW.  Lampiaki.  Long.  26.  28.  E.  Lat. 
40.  7.  N. 

Aujejl,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Chrudim.     5  miles  N.  Politza. 

Aujejl,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circ'c 
of  Leitmeritz.     24  miles  N.  Prague. 

AnjijrizjA  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Chrudim.     5  miles  W.  Leitmeritz. 

AvigUano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Otranto.     7  miles  E.  Otranto. 

yhigliano,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Po,  late  in  the  marquifiitc 
of  Sufii,  fituated  on  a  hill,  near  the  Cottian 
Alps,  in  an  open  and  expofed  (ituation ;  the 
air  is  wholefome,  and  the  land  about  it  fer- 
tile; the  town  is  fortified  and  defended  with 
a  caftle.  It  contains  three  pariili  churches, 
and  fcveral  religious  houles.  11  miles  W. 
Turin,  and  12  ESE.  Sufa. 

Az'igHonc,  a  tov/n  of  Naples,  in  the  Bahli- 
cata.     13  miles  W.  Oppido. 

Avignon,  a  city  of  France,  and  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Vauciufe,  fituated  on 
the  ealt  fide  of  the  Rhone.  Before  the  re- 
volution it  was  the  capital  of  a  fovereignty, 
and  belonged  to  tlie  Pope,  whole  legate  re- 
fided  there,  and  the  fee  of  an  archbilhop, 
erected  in  the  year  1475.  Avignon  was  the- 
refidence  of  feveral  Popes  fuoceirively,  from 
1307  to  1377.  In  738,  it  v%'as  taken  by  the 
Moors;  and  in  1226,  it  was  taken  from  the 
Albigenies  by  the  king  of  France.  It  was  at 
the  beginning  of  the  revolution  declared  a 
part  of  France,  and  Ibme  dreadful  ma/Tacres 
happened  at  the  time.  In  1797,  the  aliena- 
tion was  faui.'^ioned  by  Pdpe  Pius  VJ.  31 
pofts  WNW.  Nice,  and  86  S.  Paris.  Loiig. 
4- 53- 2-     Z.i'/.43.56.  N. 

/Ivignonet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Garonne.  20  miles 
SF,.  Touloufe,  Ji'nd  4  SE.  Villcfranche. 

A-jHj,  a  tov/n  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftiie, 
the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  lialFiagan  of  Compollells, 
fituated  on  the  river  Adaja,  in  a  large  plain, 
furrounded  with  mountains,  and  plantations 
of  fruit-trees  and  vines:  the  cloths  m:ide 
here  are  luppofed  to  equal  thofe  of  Segovia- 
It  has  an  univerlity,  and  they  reckon  3000 
houfes.  The  v/alls  are  flanked  with  towers. 
In  the  year  1000,  this  town  was  dcl1:ruyed 
by  the  Moors.  50  miles  NW.  Madrid,  and 
<:4  SE.  Salamanca.  Z-w-j^.  5.  W.  Lat./^o, 
4J.N. 

Av/Li,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
government  of  Quitos.  2,s  J-iie's  NE.  Ar- 
chidona, 

Avila,  or  Aviles,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Affuria,  near  the  3av  of  Bifcav.  ij  mile? 
N.  Ovledo. 


A  U  L 

j^vila  Fuente,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old 
Caftile.     1 8  miles  Se'govia. 

Av'ui-,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  die  cir- 
car  of  Coimbetore.  24  m.  NE.  Coimbetore. 
Avino,  a  town  of  North- America,  in  the 
province  of  New-Galicia,  where  the  Spani- 
ards have  a  filver  mine,  between  Durango 
und  FJlerena. 

jjziora,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Ca- 
ramania.     60  mi]e'^  NE.  Tocat. 

Jvis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alentejo,  the 
chief  place  of  the  Knights  of  the  Order  of 
Avis,  to  which  it  gives  name.  9  miles  NW. 
J'^rtremon. 

yhifckf  .a  river  of  Bohemia,  which  runs 
i>to  the  Muldaw,  near  its  fource. 

Avlje,  a  town  of  Trance,  in  tl^e  depart- 
n^.ent  of  the  Doria,  on  the  Grand  Doria.  8 
miles  W.  Aofta. 

ylvijb,  a  tov/n  of  Naples,  in  Lavora.  6 
miles  E.  Sora. 

Av'ize,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
•  ment  of  the  G^rd.    18  miles  S.  Reims. 

At'.kiand-Bijhop,  or  Bijhop' s-Ankland,  a 
town  of  England,  in  the  county  ot  Durhani, 
near  the  rivers  Wear  and  Gaunlefs;  it  takes 
its  name  from  a  palace  belonging  to  the 
the  Bifliop  of  Durham,  who  is  the  lord  of 
the  manor.  A  calico  and  muflin  manufic- 
ture  has  been  lately  eftabliihed  here.  la 
1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  v/as  1961, 
■  of  whom  ;,ji  were  employed  in  manufac- 
ture. The  market  is  on  Thurlday.  10 
riilcs  SS^V^  Durham,  and  25 1  N.  London. 
Long.  I.  42.     Lat.  54.  46.  N. 

AuLi,  or  Avola,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the 
valley  of  Noto.     3  miles  NE.  Noto. 

Aulas,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gard.   2  miles  NW.  La  Vigan. 
Aidara,  a  town  of  the  fouth  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Imbro. 

Aulapaladurgaii,  a  town  of  Hindooflan, 
in  Myfore.  15  miles  SW.  Dalmachcrry. 
Aidcejler,  fee  AlceJItr. 
Auldearn,  a  town  of  Scotland,  and  burg 
of  a  baronv,  in  the  county  of  Nairn.  Near 
this  place  Montrofe  was  attacked  by  Gen. 
Urrcy,  at  the  head  of  4000  Covenanters, 
blithe  drove  them  off  the  field,  and  obtained 
a  complete  viftory.     3  miles  SE.  Nairn. 

Aulendorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle'  of  Swabia,  and  barony  belonging  to 
a  branch  of  the  hoiife  of  Konigfcgg,  fitua- 
ted  on  the  Schus.  8  miles  N.  Ravcnfpurg. 
Z.5;;r.  9.  4c.  E.  Zi?/.  47.  56.  N. 

Aulftta,z  town  of  Italy,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Naples,  in  the  province  of  Principato  Ci- 
tra.  4  miles  WSW.  Cangiano,  31  SE.  Sa- 
lerno. Long.  15.  26.  E.  Lat.  40.  29.  N. 
^  Aulick,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bifhop- 
rlck  of  N.iuniburg.     6  miles  N-  Zeitz. 

AuHagat,  a  lake  of  Peru,  about  50  miles 
long,  and  8  broad,  which  communicates 
v,itli  I.akcTiuaca  by  means  of  a  river,  v/hofe 


A  U  N 

courfe  is  about  120  miles  fouth-eaft.     7® 
miles  W.  La  Plau. 

AilLnc,  a  town  cf  the  ifland  of  Corfica. 
4  miles  N.  Tallano. 

Auinay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Calvados.     43  m.  SW.  Caen. 

Aidon,  fee  Fohva. 

Avlcna,  fercile  plainsofPalefiin?,, through 
which  the  Jordan  paiTes  into  the  Dead  Sea. 

A 'lips,  or  /laps,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Var.  10  miles  NE.  Bar- 
jols.  and  25  WNW.  Frejus. 

A  alt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Somme      15  milts  W.  Abbeville. 

Auni  Sail],  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak. 
15  miles  W.  Sura. 

Auvia,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Neuifadt.  44  miles  SSW.  Leipfick,  and 
6  ESE.  NeuRadt.  Long.  11.  53.  E.  Lat. 
50.38.  N. 

Aunia  IVen'igen,  a  town  of  Germany. 
3  miles  SE.  Auma. 

Auniale,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower-Seine.  20  miles  SW. 
Dieppe,  and  32  NE.  Rouen.  Long.  i.  48. 
E.     Lat.  49.  46.  N. 

Aumonan,  a  town  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  illand  of  Lugon.  Long.  122.  24.  E. 
Lat.  14.  22.  N. 

yluniont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lozerre.  15  miles  NW.  Mende. 

Aiuiiootina,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Myfore.    17  miles  WSW.  Periapatam. 

Aiini'jre,  a  fniall  circar  or  province  of 
Bengal,  between  Rajemal  and  Raujelfiy. 

Auniore,  a  town  of  Bengal,  and  chief  town 
of  a  circar  of  the  fame  name.  25  miles  S. 
Rajemal,  36  NNW.  Moorlhedabad.  Long. 
87.  56.  E.   Z,i7/.  24.  37.  N. 

Ann,  a  town  of  Periia,  in  the  province  of 
Scgcftan.     130  miles  SSE.  Zareng. 

Aunay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Nyevre.   9  miles  N.  Moulins. 

Aunay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower-Charente.  8  miles  NE. 
St.  Jean  d'Angely.  ^ 

Aundar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  i^  Bahar. 
30  miles  NW".  Chuprah.     Long.  84«  4-  E. 

Z^/.  26.5.N. 

Anne,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  fea  near  Plymouth. 

Auneaii,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eure  and  Loire.  In  1587,  a 
party  of  Germans  advancina;  to  afiift  the  Hu- 
guenots, under  the  king  of  Navarre,  were  de- 
feated near  this  tovv'n.    12  miles  E.  Chartres. 

AunboJ},  fee  Unhcfl. 

Auneuil,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Oife.  5  miles  SSW.  i'eauvais. 

Aunh,  a  country  of  France ;  before  the 
revolution,  bounded  on  the  eaft  and  fouth 
by  Saintonge,  cf  vvhich  it  was  formerly  a 
part,  on  the  well  by  the  fea,  and  on' the 
north  by  Poiton,  and  comprehends  the  ifles 


A  U  R 


A  UR 


of  Rt- and  Oleron:  the  land  is  fertile,  and  ./^«mc/',  a  town  of  Gcrmsny,  in  the  prln- 

.j)roduces  great  quantities  of  corn  and  wine;  cipality  of  Aichftatt.  3  mile;;  W.  Herrieden- 

it  is  well  waccrcd  by  t'ne  rivers  Sevre  and  ^.7r^(r/^,5«r/Z'(;/i;;;^/,  a  town  of  Germany, 

Charente,  by  the  means  of  which,  and  its  in  the   marggravate  of  Anfpi'Ch.     6  miles 

feapvirt,   it  carries  on  a  coniiderable  com-  S.  Schwabach. 


merce,  efpecially  in  lalt,  which  is  fuppofcd 
to  be  the  bcif  in  France.  It  is  now  the  de- 
partment oFthe  Lower  Charente. 

Aar.tao,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the  coaft. 
200  miles  S.  Valdivia.     Lat.  42.  50.  S. 

Avogliy-x  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  province 
of  Adirbeitzan.  50  miles  SE.  Tabris. 

Av'Afc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sartc.  1 2  miles  from  La  Flcche. 

Ahuoe,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Denmark,  near 
■  the  fouth-weft  coalt  of  Zealand.  Long.  1 1. 
46.  E.     Z.//.  55.,5.N. 

Avon,  a  river  of-  Scotland,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Dee,  near  Banchoryteinan,  in  Kincar- 
dinefiure. 

Avon,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  runs  into 
the  Clyde,  near  Hamilton,  in  Lanerkfhire. 


A  :>-ach,  Frauen,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in 
the  principality  of  Ciilmbach,  on  the  Aurach,. 
a  miles  SSW    Erlang. 

Aurach,  Roth,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  margraviate  of  Anfpach.  5  miies  S. 
Schwabach. 

Aurach,  Veits,  a  town  of  Germany,  its 
the  margraviate  of  Anfpach.  6  miles  SW. 
Schwabach. 

AiirainviHe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mearte.     6  milirs  N.  Toul. 

Auran,  a  town  of  Syria.  60  miles  S. 
Damafcus. 

Avranchcf,  a  city  of  France,  and  principal 
town  of  a  diltridt,  in  the  department  of  the 
Channel,  fltuated  on  a  mountain,  near  the 
river  See.     Before  the  revolution,  it  was  the 


Avon,  a  river  of  South-Wales,  which  runs    f^e  of  a  bifliop,  fuffragan  of  Rouen ;  befides 
into  the  Briftol  Channel,  6  miles  S.  Neath,    the  cathedral,  it  had  three  paridies,  a  con- 


in  Glamorgan  Oiire. 

Avon,  or  Avonvane,  a  river  of  North- 
Wales,  which  rifes  near  Bala,  and  joining 
the  Mawdock  near  Dolgelly,  runs  with  it 
into  the  Lifh  Sea  at  Barmouth. 

Avon,  Little,  a  river  of  England,  which 
runs  into  the  Severn  near  Berkley,  in  Glo- 
ceftcrfhire. 

Avon,  Lcnvcr,  a  river  of  England,  which 
rifes  near  Wotton-BafTet,  in  Wiltfliire,  paffes 
by  Chippenham  to  Bath,  v/here  it  becomes 


vent,  a  public  fchool,  a  college,  and  an  hof- 
pital.  Avranches  is  a  very  ancient  town, 
and  was,  before  the  county  of  Bretagne  was 
united  to  the  crown  of  France,  called  the 
Boukvard  of  t  rancc ;  yet  theBretans  made 
themlelves  mafters  of  it,  and  deftroyed  the 
fortifications  in  the  year  1203.  The  forti- 
fications were  rebuilt  in  the  reign  of  St.  Louis. 
19  pofts  S.  Cherburg,  and  37I  W.  Paris. 
Long.  I.  17.  W.     Lat.  48.  41.  N. 

Auras,  a  town  of  Silefia,  in  the  principa- 


navigable  for  barges  of  fifty  tons  to  Briftol,  lity  of  Breflau,  fituated  near  the  Oder.     \z 

and  thence  to  join  the  Severn  at  Kingroad,  miles  NW.  Breflau.  Long.  16.  30.  E.  Lat. 

Avon,  Upper,  a  river  of  England,  which  51. 13-  N. 

rifes  in  Northaniptonfhire,   paifes  through  Auray,  a  feaport  town  of  France,  in  the 

Staff. jrdfhire  and  VV^orcefterfiiire,  and  joins  department  and  on  the  gulf  of  Murbihan, 

the  Severn  at  Tewkefbury,in  Glocellerfliire.  and  principal  place  of  a  diftrivfl,  at  the  mouth 

Avojola,  a  river  of  Piedmont,  which  runs  of  a   river  of  the  fame  name.     In  1364,  a 

into  tlie  Cervo,  2\  miles  W.  Buronza.  battle  was  fought  near  this  place  between 

Avoyalli,   a   river  of  Louifiania,    which  the  Count  de  Montfort,  ailifted  by  fonic 

branches  off  from  Red  River,  and  after  a  Englifh  under  Lord  Chandos,  and  Charles 

courfe  of  about  25  miles,  enters  the  fame  de  Blois,  in  which  the  former  obtained  a 

river  again.       Lofig.    91.    50.   W.     Lat.  complete  victory,  and  the  caflle  of  Auray 

31.  21.  N.  was  ceded  to  the  conqueror.     In   1379,  ^^ 

Aupach,  a  river  of  Bohemia,  which  runs  was  taken  _  by  the  French.     10  miles  Wv 


into  the  Eger,  near  Carlfbad 

Aupitjhach,  a  river  of  Thuringia,  which 
runs  into  the  Grumbach,  5  m.E.  WeifTenfels. 

Aiips,  fee  Aidps. 

Auquila,  a  town  of  Mexico, in  the  province 
of  Guadalajara.     2a  miles  E.  Purification. 

Aurach,  a  river  of  Franconia,  which  runs 
into  the  Rednitz,  3  miles  S.  Erlang. 

Aurach,  a  town  of  CJermany,  in  the 
county  of  Waldburg.  9  m.  ENE.  Wurzach. 

^«ri?<r/',  a  town  of  FrancoTiia,  in  the  bi- 
Ihopric  of  Bamberg,  on  the  lUe.  3  miles 
SW.  Bamberg. 

_  Aurach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Wurzburg.  .;  m.  SW.  Kiflingen. 

Vou  I. 


Vannes.    Long.  2.  s?)-  W.  Lat.  47.  40.  N. 

Aura)',  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into' 
the  Engiiili  Channel,  Long.i.^o.^.  Lat. 
47.  34.  N. 

Aurhach,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in. the  Up- 
per Palaiinate.     30  miles  NE.  Nuremberg. 

Aurhach,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rifes 
4  mile;;  S  Hachenburg,  inthecouii'ycf  Sayn, 
and  runs  into  the  Lahn,  about  2  miles  above 
Nafiiiu. 

Aur^'urg,  a  town  and  caflle  of  Bavaria. 
4  miles  N.  KutFstein. 

Aure,  a  river  of  France,  which  run-  into 
the  Euro,  near  Anet. 

Aurect  a  town  of  France,  ui  the  d^parfe- 
M 


A  U'  R 

ment  of  the  Upper  Loire.    9  miles  SV/.  St. 
Etienne,  and  4  N.  Moniftrol. 

Aurcfs,  fee  Jibhel  Aurefs. 

Aureite,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Eure,  near  Bourges. 

Anna,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Gulf  of  Engia. 
13  miles  WSW.  Coluri. 

Auriac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Garonne.  17  miles  SE. 
Touloiij^,  and  18  WSW.Caftres. 

^'/rjfvi^atownofEaft-Friefland.  12  miles 
NE.Embden,  Lcjtg.j.-.o.'E.  Lat.sj,.i6.^. 

Auriga,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Valteline. 
ii  miles  SSW.  Bormio. 

Aurignac,  atown  ofF ranee,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Garonne.  3  3.  miles  SW. 
Touloufe,  and  10  NE.  St.  Gaudens. 

Aurigfiy,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Englirti 
Channel,  belonging  to  France,about  20  miles 
N.  from  Jerfey,  and  7  W.  Cape  La  Hogue. 
Long.  2.  9.    Lat.  49.  43-  N* 

Aiirillac,  a  town  of  France,  and  prmcipal 
place  of  a  diftricT:,  in  the  department  of  the 
Cantal ;  before  the  revolution,  the  capital  of 
Lower  Auvergne.  It  is  lituated  in  a  fertile 
valley,  on  the  Jordane.  65  polls  S.  Paris, 
Long.  2.  3 I.E.    Lat.AA-  SS-}^' 

Avrille,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Mayne  and  Loire.  3  m.N.  Angers. 

Aurkl,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mouths  of  the  Rhone.  12 
miles  SE.  Aix,  12  NNE.  Marfeilles. 

Anriol's  Ifland,  one  of  the  Aladiniflands, 
about  12  miles  in  circumference.  Lat.  9. 
22.  N. 

Auripa,  a  town  of  North-Finland.  62 
miles  SSE.  Biorneborg. 

Anritk,  or  Uhrt,  a  town  of  the  New 
Mark  of  Brandenburg,  on  the  Oder.  6  miles 
S.  Francfort. 

Auro'n;  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cher.    7  miles  NW.  Sancoins. 

Atiroznninjhr,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  16 
miles  S.  Pafl'au. 

Auron,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Eure,  near  Bourges. 
■    Anro?iza,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Cadorin. 
7  miles  N.  Cadora. 

Aurora,  a  town  of  New-York,  in  the 
county  of  Cayuga,  on  the  Lake  of  Cayuga, 
and  10  miles  S.  Cayuga. 

Aurora  IJland,  an  ifland  among  the 
New-Hebrides,  in  the  South  Paciiic  Ocean, 
about  12  miles  in  circumference;  difcovered 
by  Koggewin  m  1722.  It  affords  plenty  of 
frefh  water  and  wood;  and  there  is  a  fmall 
bay  on  the  north-weit  coaft.  Long.  168. 
12.  E.    Zrf/.  15.8.S. 

Auros,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde.     5  miles  NE,  Baza' . 

AicrouK,  a  town  of  France,  in  ihe  depart- 
ment of  the  Lozerrc.  -ij  miles  N<  M^cqde. 

Auruvioor,  atownof  Ilindooflun,  in  Dow- 
I;iu.b;iJ.     r8  miles  N.  Indelovoy. 


A  U  S 

.  Aurung,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ruttunpour.    15  miles  E.  Raypour. 

Aurungahad,  one  of  the  largeft  and  moll 
populous  cities  of  India,  and  capital  of  a 
fubah  called  by  the  fame  name,  in  the  Dec- 
can.  It  is  lituated  in  a  plain,  almofl  fur- 
rounded  with  mountains;  and  owes  the  great- 
eft  part  of  its  grandeur  and  magnificence  to 
Aurungzebe,  who  made  it  his  place  of  refi- 
dence,  and  furrounded  it  with  walls  and  baf- 
tions,  changing  its  name,  which  was  Kitkt, 
to  the  prefent.  He  built  alfo  a  grand  palace, 
likewife  furrounded  with  walls  and  gates  of 
entrance.  The  country  about  produces  mil- 
let, v/heat,  and  other  provifions,  but  notfuf- 
ficient  for  the  immenfe  number  of  inhabi- 
tants. 545  miles  S,  Delhi,  and  515  S,  Luck- 
now.     Long.  76.  2.  £.  Lat.  19,  45,  N. 

Anrungabad,  a  circar  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Deccan,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Can- 
deifh,  on  the  eaft  by  the  circar  of  Ellich- 
pour,  on  the  fouth  by  the  Godavery,  and  on 
the  v/eftby  Baglana. 

Anriingahunder,  a  branch  of  the  Indus, 
which  divides  from  it  near  the  town  of  Au- 
rungabunder,  and  runs  into  the  fea,  Long. 
67.  12.  E.  Lat.  23.  50.  N. 

Aurangabu?ider,  a  town  of  Hindooftan, 
in  the  province  of  Tatta,  on  the  Indus.  2>S 
miles  S.  Tatta. 

Aurungpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  16  miles 
SSW.  Silhet, 

Aia-y,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
14  miles  NW.  Bahraitch. 

Aufcke,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Leitmeritz.  8  miles  ENE.  Leitmeritz. 
Long.  14.  25.  E.     Lat.  50.  2i2>-  N. 

Aiijh,  a  town  of  Turkeftan.  70  miles  E, 
Toncat. 

Anfuerry,  one  of  the  fmall  Orkney  iflands, 
a  miles  N.  Stronfa.     Z^/.  58.54.N. 

Aufpitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle 
of  Brunn.  42  miles  SSW,  Olmutz,  and  114 
SE. Prague.  Lo7:g.i6.Ao.'E.  Lat. 4S.  S4-'^- 

Aujpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Oudipour.     45  miles  S.  AlTawully. 

Aufquitta,  fee  Pulo  N'lamo. 

AuJJ'ee,  a  town  of  Stiria.  4.8  miles  WNW. 
Judenburg. 

AuJJee,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle 
of  Olmutz.  1 2  miles  NNW.  Olmutz.  Long. 
16.  5.vE'     Lat.  49,  43- N. 

Aujfergefdd,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Prackatitz.  6  miles 'W.Winterberg. 

•^'{U'Si  or  Aujli,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  m 
the  circle  of  Leitmertiz,  on  the  Elbe.  In  the 
neighbourhood  is  made  a  red  wine  called 
Podskalsky,  fwcct  and  ftrong,  but  ufually 
foul;  and  it  will  feldom  keep  a  year.  In  1426, 
this  town  was  dreadfully  ravaged  by  the 
Taborites.  In  1 759, Prince  Henry  of'PrufTi.} 
dcftroyed  the  Auftrian  magazines  here.  10 
miles  NW.  Lcitmeritzv  Loni^.  14.  5.  E. 
Lat.  ^o.  40.  N. 


A  U  S 


A  U  S 


All/},  a  village  of  England,  in  the  ccunty 
of  Glocefter,  on  the  left  fide  of  the  Se\  cm, 
v/hence  is  a  paflage  boat  or  ferry  to  the  op- 
poiite  flaore  in  Glocellerlhire,  and  thence 
acrofs  the  Wye  toChepftow,  in  Monmouth- 
fliire.  Auft,  anciently  Auil:  Clive,  fituated 
on  a  crap;gy  and  high  cliff,  has  long  been 
celebrated  for  the  pafTage  into  Wales.  A 
remarkable  event  is  faid  to  have  taken 
place  here.  Edward  the  Elder  came  to  Aull 
Clive,  and  Leolin,  petty  Prince  of  Wales, 
to  Betheflcy,  or  Beachley,  on  the  oppoiite 
fiiore  ;  and  the  latter  being  backward  to 
confer,  and  not  cro.Ting  the  Severn,  Edv/ard 
went  over  to  him.  As  foon  as  Leolin  faw 
him,  and  knew  him,  he  threw  off  his  robe 
of  fiiate,  and  went  into  the  water  up  to  his 
breall:,  and  embracing  the  boat,  faid,  "  Moft 
wife  king,  your  condefcenfion  has  overcome 
my  pride,  and  vour  wifdom  triumphed  ever 
my  folly;  tread  upon  that  neck  which  I  had 
fnollfliiy  lifted  up  againft  you,  and  io  you 
fluill  enter  the  land  which  your  goodnefs  has 
this  day  made  your  own."  He  then  took 
him  on  his  flioulders,  and  made  him  lit  there 
on  his  robe,  and  did  him  homage  with  his 
hands  joined,  iz  miles  N.  Briftol,  and  6  S. 
Chepftow. 

Aujl,  a  river  of  Aufi:ria,compofed  of  two 
ftreams,  called  the  Feld  Auft,  and  the  Wald 
Auft,  which  rife  on  the  borders  of  Bohemia, 
and  unite  near  Schwertbcrg.  It  afterwards 
runs  into  the  Danube,  2  miles  below  Mau- 
thaufen. 

AaJIchara,  a  town  of  Bengal.  23  miles 
ESE.  Ramgur. 

Aiijliflitz,  or  Slaivkoiv,  a  town  of  IMora- 
via,  in  the  circle  of  Brunn.  In  the  17th  cen- 
tury, this  town  was  almofl  deflroyed  by  the 
Swedes.  In  1805,  a  battle  was  fought  near 
Auflerlitz,  between  the  French,  commanded 
by  the  Emperor  Napoleon,  and  the  united 
forces  of  Auifria  and  Rullia,  both  whofe 
emperors  were  prefent.  The  French 
were  vidilorious,  and  the  lofs  of  the  allies 
(chicdy  the  Ruilians  fuffered)  is  faid,  by  the 
French  account,  to  have  amounted  to  22,000 
killed  and  wounded,  and  20,oco  prifoners. 
But  the  whole  lols  of  the  Ruffians  in  the  cam- 
paign was  uatcd,  at  Pcterfburg,  at  no  more 
than  17,000.  The  two  Ruilian  generals 
who  commanded,  Kutuzow  and  Buxhovden, 
were  wounded,  with  a  great  number  of  infe- 
rior rank;  feveral  were  killed,  and  many 
taken  prifoners.  100  pieces  of  cannon,  and 
45  ftandards,  fell  into  the  hands  of  tlie 
French.  12  m.  ESE.  Brunn,  and  112  ESE. 
Prague.     Lorg.  16.  45.  E.  Lat.  49.  8.  N. 

Aujlevold,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North  Sea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Norway.     Lat.  60. 2.  N. 

AuJlt?C s  Creek,  a  river  of  Georgia,  which 
runs  into  the  Savannah,  Long.  81.  16.  W. 
Lat.  3z.  14.  N. 

M 


AnJIralasia,  a  name  propofed  to  be  ap- 
plied to  thofe  countries  which  lie  fouth  of 
Afia,  including  New  Holland,  Papua,  or 
New  Guinea,  New  Britain,  New  Ireland, 
New  Caledonia,  New  Zealand,  and  Van 
Diemen's  Land,  with  the  iflands  of  Solo- 
mon, Arroo,  the  New  Hebrides,  &c. 

Anjlralia  del  Efp'iritu  Sivito,  fee  Terra 
AtiJIralis  del  Efpiritu  Sa72to. 

Aujlria,  a  country  of  Germany,  bounded 
on  the  noith  by  Bohemia  and  Moravia,  on 
the  caft  by  Hungary,  on  the  fouth  by  Styria, 
and  on  the  well:  by  the  archbifhopric  of 
Saltzburg  ;  the  river  Ens  divides  it  into  Up- 
per and  Lower.  Vienna  is  the  capital  of  the 
latter,  and  Lintz  of  the  former,  the  whole 
637,000  fquare  miles;  and  in  1784,  the  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  was  1,582,395.  It  exceeds 
all  other  provinces  of  Germany  in  the  ferti- 
lity of  its  foil,  abundance  of  its  paflures, 
and  beauty  of  the  country  ;  corn,  wine,  and 
fruit,  every  where  abound.  The  inhabitants 
are  polifhed,  intelligent,  and  warlike.  Auf^ 
tria,  called  by  the  Germans  Ooftrich,  or  the 
eaflern  kingdom,  fo  fituated  with  refpeft 
to  the  Franks  was  the  Pannonia  Supe- 
rior of  the  ancients.  After  the  Romans  it 
became  part  of  the  kingr'om  of  Bavaria,  was 
created  a  marquifate  by  the  Emperor  Otho  I. 
and  a  dutchy  by  Frederick  BarbarofTa. 
The  emperor  Rodolphus,  of  the  houfe  of 
Hapfburg,  feized  Aultria  from  Othogar  king 
of  Bohemia,  who  was  fain  in  a  battle  near 
Vienna.  This  emperor  laid  the  foundation 
of  the  grandeur  of  the  prefent  houfe  from 
which  moff  em.perors  of  Germany  have 
fince  been  chofen,  and  it  was  erefted  into 
an  archdutchy,  a  title  then  peculiar  to  itfelf. 
The  archduke  was  veffed  with  the  privilege 
of  exemption  from  the  ban  of  the  empire, 
fo  that  even  the  emperor  himfelf  cannot  dif- 
eize  him  of  his  eftate ;  and  in  cafe  of  the 
failure  of  male  ifTue,  the  Iitifband  of  the 
eldeft  daughter,  who  fucceeds  to  the  inheri- 
tance, may  enjoy  the  dignity  and  privi- 
leges of  the  archduke,  of  which  thefe  are 
very  extraordinary,  viz.  to  receive  the  in- 
velT-iture  of  his  dominions  gratis,  and  on 
horfcback,  habited  in  a  royal  inantle,  with  a 
baton  of  command  in  his  right  hand,  and 
an  archducal  coronet,  with  two  points,  on 
his  head;  which  invel^iture  is  alfo  to  be  fup- 
pofed  as  granted,  if  not  performed  after 
three  times  demanding  it.  Auffria  in  genera! 
is  reckoned  a  plentiful  country,  and  produces 
a  great  quantity  of  corn  and  pallure,  bcfidcs 
allother  neceffaries;  buttheairisnotthe  moft 
wholefome,  the  Lower  Auftria  efpecially, 
being  fubjed  to  noiibmc  vapours  and  agues. 
Here  is  wine  enough  both  for  confumption 
and  exportation  ;  yet  it  is  fupplied  with 
other  rich  wines  from  Hungary  and  Italy; 
fo  that  at  Vienna  there  are  no  kfo  than  thirty 
fovcral  ibits.     They  have  not  plenty  of 


A  U  S 

black  cattle,  and  therefore  are  fupplied  with 
great  part  of  their  beef  from  Hungary.  The 
Danube  and  other  rivers  fupply  them  with 
fifli,  particularly  of  two  forts,  quite  unknown 
to  us,  viz.  the  fchieden,  which  Gefner  calls 
liiurus,  and  is  larger  than  a  pike  or  falmon, 
and  the  haufons,  a  much  larger  tilh.  Auftria 
fo  abounds  with  towns,  villages,  and  coun- 
try feats,  as  well  as  monafteries,  caftles, 
and  pleafure-houfes,  on  both  fides  of  the 
Danube;  and  there  are  fuch  numbers  of  peo- 
ple of  quality  in  it,  becaufe  of  the  imperial 
court  fo  long  lixed  at  Vienna;  that  fome 
have  reckoned  in  it  one  hundred  families  of 
counts  and  barons,  and  one  hundred  and 
eighty  knights,  who  had  votes  in  their  diet. 
The  inhabitants  are  gay  and  polite,_  arc  fond 
of  honour,  which  they  Itrive  to  acquire  by  the 
arts  and  fciences,  or  by  arms;  and  there  is 
no  conutry  in  Germany  where  foreigners 
are  more  courteoufly  entertained.  The  gen- 
try of  Auftria  (and  of  all  the  hereditary  do- 
minions too)  are  fo  fond  of  the  title  of  count, 
that  they  folicit  it  as  eagerly  as  if  it  was  a 
great  eftatc ;  though  the  greateft  privilege 
it  brings  them  is  a  mere  chimera,  and  there- 
fore it  is  well  for  theni  that  the  dilpatch  of 
their  patents  cofts  but  little.  Thcfe  new 
created  counts  may  be  faid  to  hold  the  fame 
rank  among  the  ancient  counts  of  the  em- 
pire, as  the  king's  fecretaries  in  France  did 
among  the  gentlemen  of  good  families:  as 
for  gentlemen,  they  are  fo  common  in  Aus- 
tria, that  there  are  fcarce  any  others  to  be 
feen,  efpecially  at  Vienna ;  all  the  agents  of 
the  court  procure  themfelves  a  title,  diough 
it  gains  neither  them  nor  their  wives  any 
rank  among  the  chief  of  the  nobility.  The 
burghers  and  commonalty  mimic  nobility. 
Auftria  is  diftinguiilied  by  geographers  into 
Upper  and  Lower,  and  indeed  it  is  naturally 
divided  by  the  river  Ens,  which  fall  into  the 
Danube.  All  the  right  fide  of  that  river 
towards  Hungary  is  called  Lower  Auftria, 
or  below  the  Ens ;  and  that  on  the  left  hde 
of  it  tovv'ards  Bavaria,  ts  called  Upper  Auf- 
tria, or  above  the  Ens.  The  latter,  according 
to  Mr.  Hubner,  is  60  miles  iquarc,  and  con- 
tains 17  cities,  .^,1  market-towns,  and  217  no- 
blemen's feats.  Its  capital  city,  and  the  place 
vherc  the  ftatesof  this  divilion  ail'emblc,and 
the  feat  of  its  regency,  is  Lintz.  Lower  Auf- 
tria, according  to  iMr.  Hubner,  contains  45  ci- 
ties, 2  20  market-towns,  44  convents,and,:;6;  3 
vill.iges.  Thettates  ofthisdiviiion  furnifh  the 
emperor  with  between  7  and  8oo,oool.a  year, 
h.iides  loojoool.andlometimes  150,000!. by 
way  of  free-gift.  Vienna  is  the  capital.  To 
this  auguif  houl'e  likewife  belong  Stiria,  Ca- 
rinthia,  Ciriiioia,  Bohemia,  Moravia,  part  of 
Siielia,  Hungary,  part  of  Poland  under  the 
name  of  the  kingdom  of  Galitz  or  Galicia, 
and  Lodomiri-i,  Sclavonia,  Tranfylvania, 
Croatia,  Morlachia,  Bolhia,  part  of  "Scryia, 


A  U  T 

and  part  of  Walachia.  In  1804,  F.TiOcis  II. 
emperor  of  Germany,  ere^fted  his  dominions 
into  an  hereditary  empire,  and  was  accord- 
ingly crowned  emperor  of  Auftria. 

Auflria,  a  circle  or  divifion  of  Germany, 
including  Auftria  Proper,  Styria,  Carinthia, 
Carniola,  the  counties  of  Tyrol  and  Goritz, 
and  the  bi!hoprics  of  Trent  and  Brixen. 

Auftria,  a  village  of  Friuli.  At  this  place 
a  council  was  held  in  the  15th  century,  cal- 
led by  Benedi(5t  XHL  the  ejefted  Pope;  near 
Aquileia. 

Antarra,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
county  of  Allahabad.     16  m.  N.  Callingar. 

Aiitasi  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  province 
ofNesjed.     65  miles  NE.  Mecca. 

Ante  Rive,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Garonne,  on  the 
Arriege.     15  miles  S.  Touloufe. 

Auiefdge,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  9  miles 
KNE.  Agen. 

Auteria,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
province  of  Ruttunpour.  25  ii^'-l^s  NW. 
Ruttunpour. 

Autenonu,  a  tov/n  of  Rudian  Poland,  in 
the  palatinate  of  Kiov.  18  miles  Vv^SW- 
Bialacerkiew. 

Authic,  ariver  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  fea,  8  miles  north  from  the  mouth  of 
the  Somme.  It  fcparates  the  department  of 
the  Straits  of  Calais  from  the  department  ot 
the  Somme,  about  its  whole  courfe. 

Aiithion,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Loire,  2  miles  Si  Angers. 

Author,,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure  and  Loire.  18  miles 
WNW.  Chateaudun. 

Autire,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
Sevre,  a  litde  below  Maillerais. 

Autifo?!,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Saone.  15  miles  S. 
Belan(;on. 

AutoU^  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile. 
3  miles  from  Calahorra. 

Aiitiiine,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Oife,  near  Verberie. 

Autrecourt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meufe.  4  miles  SSE.  Cler- 
mont, and  II.  SW.  Verdun. 

Autrench,  a  river  of  Canada,  which  runs 
into  Lake  Huron.  Long.  82.  20.  W.  Lac. 
43.  6.  N. 

Aidrey,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Saone.  3  m.  NW.  Gray. 

Autricourt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Cote  d'Or.  8  miles  N.- 
Chatillon  fur  Seine. 

y!:ilf\y,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ardennes.     9  m.  W.  Varennes. 

yL'tinau  rally,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.    5  miles  N.  Muglee. 

Autiui,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  ii  diitri(it,  in  the  department  of  the 


A  U  W 

Sa6ne  and  Loire;  before  the  revolution  the 
capital  of  a  diflricft,  called  the  Antutiois, 
fituated  near  the  river  Arroux,  ?t  the  foot 
of  three  mountains,  from  whence  ifTue  iix 
fprings,  that  well  fupplv  the  town  with 
water.  It  v/as  the  lee  of  a  biihop,  whole 
diocefe  extended  over  upwards  of  fix  hun- 
dred parifhes ;  befides  the  cathedral,  it  con- 
tained eight  parilh  churches  and  leveral  reli- 
gious houfes.  Autun  was  the  capital  city 
of  the  CEdui,  called  Bibrafte,  and  near  it  the 
Helvetii  were  defeated  by  Julius  Csfar.  It 
was  made  a  Roman  colony  by  Auguflus, 
and  called  after  him  Augujlodmuan,  and 
many  veltiges  are  yet  vifible  of  Roman  niag- 
niiicence.  i8^  polfs  WSW.  Befanc^on,  and 
35|SSE. Paris.  Long.js,.%'i,.'^.  Lnt.^^.^'j.'N. 
Aiitui'o'u,  a  fmall  country  or  diftrid  of 
France,  before  the  revolution,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Burgundy,  round  the  city  of  Autun, 
which  was  the  capital.  It  is  now  included 
in  the  department  of  the  Saone  and  Loire. 

Autz,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Courland. 
36  miles  SSE.  Goldingen. 

Auvaillc,  a  town  ol  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ourthe,  on  the  Ambleve;  be- 
fore the  revolution,  in  the  dutchy  of  Lim- 
burg.     14  miles  S.  Liege. 

Alive,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Marne.  13  m.  ENE.  Ciialons. 
Aicverfie,  before  the  revolution,  a  pro- 
vince of  France,  bounded  on  the  eaft  by 
Forez,  on  the  Ibuth  by  Rouergue  and  Ge- 
vaudan,  on  the  weft  by  Limoges  and 
Marche,  and  on  the  north  by  Bourbonnois : 
about  120  miles  long,  and  90  broad;  it 
v/as  ufually  divided  into  Upper  and  Lower; 
the  climate  of  the  latter  is  very  temperate, 
but  the  former  is  very  cold,  the  clouds  hang- 
ing on  the  mountains  the  greateft  part  of 
the  year.  Lower  Auvergne,  called  alio 
Li?nagne,  produces  wine,  corn,  hemp,  &c. 
and  in  the  pafture  ground  they  fatten  pro- 
digious quantities  of  cattle,  which  are  fent  to 
Paris,  Lvons,  and  other  places.  There  are 
mines  of  iilver,  iron,  lead,  and  coals.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the Allier,  the  Dordognc, 
and  the  Alagnon,  and  among  the  principal 
mountains  are  the  Puy-Dome,  Mont-d'Or, 
and  Cantal.  Clermont  is  the  capital  town. 
It  now  forms  the  two  departments  of  the 
Cant;;!  and  Puy  de  Dome. 

Aiivergnie,  a  town  of  SwifTerland.  3  miles 
S.  Neufchatel. 

Auv'illard,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne,  in  the 
diltriil  of  Valence,  on  the  Garonne.  13  m. 
SE.  Agen,  and  z  S.  Valence.  Long.  o.  59. 
E.  Lat.  44.  3.N. 

Auvillers-les-f'jfgesy  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Ardennes,  jo  miles 
WNW.  Ixlezieres. 

Auvj,  a  town  of  Auftria,  fituated  on  th 
Danube.     10  miles  WSW.  Grein. 


A  W  A 

Amval,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  wlicre,  on 
the  6'>.  of  May  1757,  a  battle  was  fought 
between  the  Aul'o  ,  "is  and  tlie  Prullians; 
the  latter  commanded  by  the  king  in  perlbn. 
The  Auftrians  had  20,000  men  icilk.!;  the 
Pruflians  loft  nearly  as  many,  but  took 
145000  prifoners.      2  miles  NW.  Prague. 

Auxcre^  ?.  city  of  France,  and  caprital  of 
the  department  of  the  Yonne,  fituated  on  llie 
fide  of  a  hill,  near  the  Yonne,  which  wadics 
part  of  the  walls.  Before,  the  revolution,  it 
was  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  fuffragan  of  Sen;-, 
and  capital  of  a  countiy  called  Auxerrois, 
It  was  anciently  govern  .d  by  its  own  counf^. 
The  cath  dral  has  nothin;.--  remarkable,  but 
the  epiicopal  palace  was  confidered  one  of 
the  moil  beautiful  in  Fian:;.  It  contained 
twelve  pariflaes,  fevcralreiiginis  houfes,  !WO 
hofpitals,  Sac. ;  the  inb.af  iiants  about  16, coo. 
In  1358,  this  city  was  taken  by  theEngii/h, 
but  was  two  years  afterward-^  retaken  by  the 
French.  40^  pofts  NNW.  Lyons,  and  21-^ 
SSE.  Paris.  Lor/g.  3.  40.  E.  Ldt.  j  7.  48.  N. 

Auxerrois,  before  the  revcluticn,  a  country 
of  France,  in  the  not  thern  par^  of  Burgun- 
dy, bounded  on  the  calf  and  north  by  Cham- 
pagne, on  the  weft  by  Nivernois,  and  on  the 
Ibuth  by  the  reft  of  Burgundy.  It  is  about 
27  miles  long,  and  15  broad.  Auxcrre  is 
the  capital.  It  now  forms  a  part  of  the  de- 
partment of  the  Yonne. 

Auxois,  before  the  late  divifion,  a  country 
of  France,  in  Burgundy,  of  v/hich  Semur-en- 
Auxois  was  the  capital.  It  now  forms  a 
part  of  the  department  of  the  Cote-d'Or. 

Auxoii,  a  tov.ri  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aube.  13  miles  S.  Troyes,  and 
4  N.  Ervy. 

Auxomic,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cote-d'Or,  and  ieat  of  a  tribu- 
nal, in  the  diitriJl  of  St.  Jean  de  Lofne,  fitu- 
ated in  a  plain,  near  the  eaft  fide  of  the 
Saone.  The  town  is  furrounded  with  a 
double  wall,  built  the  latter  end  of  the  17th 
century.  18  miles  S.  Gray,  and  16  ESE. 
Dijon.     Lo72g.  5.  26.  E.  Lat.  47.  11.  N. 

Aiixy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Straits  of  Calais.     9  m.  SSE.  Hcfdin. 

Auzance, -A  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Creufc,  fituated  on  a  hill,  lur- 
rounded  with  ponds.  25  miles  ESE.  Gueret. 
and  9  S.  Evaux. 

Auzen,  or  Tigrc,  a  town  of  Abyflinla. 
105  miles  SE.  Sire,  and  180  NE.  Gondar. 

Atizils,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aveiron.     15  m.  NW.  Rhodez. 

Auzon,  a.  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Loire,  on  the  Allier.  30 
nuies  NW.  le  Puy,  and  6  N.  Brioude. 

Avj,  a  town  «.f  Germany,  in  the  county 
ofBregentz.     aj  miles  SE.  Bvcgentz. 

A'-mli,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  province  of 
Irak.     80  n;iles  S.  Cafbin. 

//-u./,  a  town  of  Japan,  and  ca|)ltal  of  a 


A  X  B 

province  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of 
Xicoco.  Long.  131.  19.  S.  Lat.  3.3.4j;.N. 

Av^a,  a  town  of  Japan,  and  capital  of 
a  province,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland 
of  Niphon.  85  miles  S.  Jedo.  Long.  140. 
4.  E.  Lat,  34.  24.  N. 

Anuuy  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Ximo.     62  miles  N.  Nangafaki. 

Aivahazari,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Caramania.    15  miles  NIS^W.  Alanieh. 

Anioafu  or  AivnJfi,  an  ifland  of  Japan, 
near  the  f^juth  coall  of  Niphon,  about  60 
miles  in  circumference.  Long.  133.  44-  E. 
Lat.  34.  30.  N. 

A--^joc7jl,  a  town  of  Japan,  and  capital  of  an 
ifland  of  the  fame  name.  Long.  133.  43-  E* 
Lat.  34'  30.  N. 

Anvasima,  one  of  the  fmall  Japanefe 
ifland'?.     7  miles  E.  Sado. 

A^watfka,  fee  Avatcha. 

A-vjatti,  a  town  of  Hindoofl:an,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     8  miles  SE.  Carmulla, 

An.vchar,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Adirbeitzan.     150  miles  SVV.  Tabris._ 

Aive,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  runs  into 
the  Loch  Etive,  near  Bunawe. 

A^M^,  a  river  of  Holftein,  which  runs  into 
the  Elbe,  7  miles  above  Gluckftadt. 

Aive,  fee  Auc. 

Anueri,  or  Overa,  or  Oefe^  a  kingdom  of 
Africa,  dependent  on  Benin,  with  a  town  of 
the  fame  name,  in  the  river  Formc.fa. 

A'-iVeri,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  capital  of 
a  country  of  the  fame  name.  40  miles  S. 
Benin.     Long.  7.  19.  E.  Lat.  6.  12. N. 

Aiveri,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlandc,  Lat.  6.  N. 

Awin  Fa,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  rifes 
in  lougli  Ea,  in  the  county  of  Donegal,  and 
runs  into  the  fea,  7  miles  N.  Killebegs. 

A-uole,  a  river  of  Syria,  which  rifes  in 
Mount  Libanus,  and  runs  into  the  Mediter- 
ranean, near  Sidon. 

Aivmore.  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ben- 
gal.    25  miles  S.  Ilajcmul. 

Ax,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Arricge,  on  the  Arriege.  27  miles 
W.  Piades,  and  13  SE.  Tarafcon. 

y/y,  a  river  of  England,  which  rifes  in  the 
fouth-wefl  p.irt  of  the  county  of  Dorfct, 
ioon  after  enters  Devonfliire,  pafles  by  Ax- 
ininfter,  and  runs  into  the  Englifu  channel, 
a  little  below  AxiViOuth.     7  miles  W.  Lyme. 

Ax,  a  river  of  England,  which  rifles  in 
Wookey-Hole,  near  Weils,  in  the  county  of 
Somerfct,  and  after  palling  by  a  few  villages 
and  '.he  town  of  i'^.  xbridge,j-uns  into  the  Bris- 
tol Channel,  about  8  m.  below  that  laft  place. 

Axat,  or  Azat,  a  town  of  l^rance,  in  the 
department  of  the  Aude,  on  the  Aude.  25 
n:i!es  S.  CarcafTonne,  and  5  SSE.  Q^il'an. 

Axherg,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Nericia. 

AxbridgCt  a  t;.wa  of  England,    in   the 


A  Y 

county  of  Somerfet,  near  the  river  Ax,  con- 
taining 190  houfes,  and  about  820  inabi- 
tants,  a  number  of  whom  are  employed  in 
knitting  ftockings.  It  has  a  weekly  market 
on  Saturday,  and  is  a  corporation  town, 
confiiting  of  a  mayor,  recorder,  aldermen, 
and  burgefl'es.  It  is  faid  to  have  fent  repre- 
fen'catives  to  parliament  formerly.  17  miles 
SW.  Eritlol,   132  W.  London. 

Axel,  a  town  of  Flanders,  ftronglv  forti- 
fied, and  the  chief  place  of  a  jurifdiflion, 
which  extends  over  tv/elve  villages.  Philip 
the  Good  took  it,  and  razed  its  walls,  which 
were  afterv/ards  repaired.  In  1586,  it  was 
taken  from  the  Spaniards  by  Maurice  prince 
of  Naifau,  and  in  1747,  it  was  taken  by  the 
French.  27  miles  W.  Antwerp.  Long.  i. 
45.  E.  Lat.  SI-  18. N. 

Axem,  or  Axbn,  a  country  of  Africa,  on 
the  Gold  Coaft,  with  a  town  of  the  fame 
nanie  ;  the  country  is  fertile,  and  well  cul- 
tivated, producing  great  quantities  of  rice, 
water  melons,  pine-apples,  cocoas,  oranges, 
yams,  and  palm-oil.  Among  the  animals  of 
the  country  are  fbeep  in  great  numbers,  and 
apes,  with  pigeons,  and  varieties  of  wild- 
fov^l.  The  Portuguefe  and  Dutch  have 
eftablilhments  in  the  country.  Lo7tg.  3.  20. 
W.  Lat.  5.  8.  N. 

Axens,  a  town  of  the  county  of  Tyrol.  9 
miles  SW.  Infpruck. 

AxholiH,  an  ifland,  formed  by  the  rivers 
Trent,  Idle,  and  Dun,  in  the  north-weft 
part  f  f  the  county  of  Lincoln,  about  twenty 
miles  in  circumference,  with  three  villages 
on  it,  near  '-.he  mouth  of  the  Trent. 

Axhpoli,  fee  Rajfwat. 

Axriiiiifler,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Devon,  on  the  river  Ax,  celebrated 
for  a  carpet  manufaflure,  wrought  of  any 
fize  in  one  piece,  with  needles,  by  women. 
There  are  likewife  manufadures  of  broad 
and  narrow  cloth,  cotton  tapes,  and  druggets. 
The  nimnber  of  inhabitants  of  the  town  and 
paiilh  2154.  It  has  a  market  weekly.  a6 
miles  E.  Exeter,  and  147  W.  London. 

Axmouth,  a  town  or  village  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Devon,  iituated  on  the 
coaft,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ax,  with  a 
large  bay.  Six  miles  SSW.  Axmiafler,  153 
W.  London. 

Axiim,  a  town,  or  rather  the  ruins  of  a 
town,  faid  to  have  been  once  the  capital  of 
Abyflinia.  In  one  fquare  Mr.  Bruce  found 
forty  obelif]<s,  each  foimed  of  a  fingle  piece 
'  of  granite,  with  Iculpturcs,  but  no  hierogly- 
phics. 40  miles  E.  Sire.  Z,c;;_f.  38.  50.  E. 
Lat.  14. 10.  N. 

Ay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
oftheMarne.  12  miles  S.  Rheims,  and  9 
NE.  Epernay. 

Ay,  or  Piilo  Ay,  one  of  the  Banda  Iflands, 
in  'he  Indian  Sea,  about  9  miles  in  circum- 
ference, where  the  Dutch  have  built  a  fort. 


A  Y  L 

Ayamonte,  a  feaport  town  of  Spain,  fitu- 
ated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Guadiana,  on  the 
frontiers  of  Portugal,  with  a  good  haven,  in 
the  gulf  of  Cadiz,  fmall  but  well  fortified, 
and  defended  bv  a  callle  on  a  rock.  34 
miles  WSW.  Seville.  Lor.g.'].  36.  W.  Lat. 
37.ia.N. 

Ayainorte,  a  tows  of  Portugal,  in  Alen- 
tejo.     3  miles  NW.  Minfirt. 

Ayavnla,  a  town  of  Weft-Florida,  on  the 
river  Adilcy.  Long.  84.  10.  W.  Lat.  30. 
ao.  N. 

Ayaivnreo,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     20  miies  W.  Vellore. 

Ayaya,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Chiametlan.  95  m,  N.  Chiametlan. 
Ayhar,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on 
the  river  Arag'Jn.  In  the  year  1451,  a  bat- 
tle was  fought  here  between  John  king  of 
Caftile,  and  his  fon  Don  Carlos,  in  which 
the  latter  was  defeated  and  taken  prifoner. 
3  miles  S.  Sanguefi. 

Aybling,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Upper 
Bavaria.     26  miles  SE.  Munich. 
Aycha,  fee  Buh. 

Aycotta,  a  tc)wn  of  Cochin.  3  miles  S. 
Cranganore. 

Ayj  Slieri-i,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North 
Sea,  near  the  coaft  of  Lapland.  Long.  40. 
5c.  E.  Lat.  69.  50. N. 

Ayeinpct,  a  tou'n  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     4  miles  NE.  Tanjore. 

Ayen,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Correze.  14  m.  SSW.  Uzerches. 
Ayer  Bongy,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Sumatra,  with  a  good  harbour, 
and  a  market  for  gold  and  pepper  ;  but  lit- 
tle frequented.  Long.  98.  40.  E.  Lat.  o. 
24.  N. 

Ayer  Dicket,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Sumatra.  Long.  \oi.  !%.'£. 
Lat.  2.  42.  S.  / 

Ayer  Rajah,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Sumatra.  Long.  100.  38.  E. 
Lat.  I.  55.  S. 

Ayerba,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Aragon,  on  the  Gallego.  32  miles 
N.  Saragofia,  and  16  S.  Jaca. 

Ayguaca,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe 
of  Truxillo.     70  miles  NE.  Piura. 

Aylcjlniry,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Buckingham  ;  fituated  in  a  plea- 
fint  and  fertile  plain  called  the  Vale  of  Aylef- 
bury,  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  county.  It 
is  an  ancient  town,  being  taken  from  the 
Britons  by  the  Saxons,  under  Culhwolf,  in 
the  year  572.  In  the  reign  of  WiUiam  the 
Conqueror,  it  v/asa  royal  manor,  and  granted 
to  William  of  Ayiefljury,  on  condition  of 
finding  ftraw,  or  liiter,  for  the  king's  bed, 
and  three  eels  for  his  table  in  winter  ;  in 
fummer,  ftraw  for  the  bed,  fweet  herbs  for 
the  chamber,  and  tv/o  green  geefe  for  the 
iSijlc.    This  provilion  was  to  be  made  three 


AYR 

tjmes  a  year,  if  he  came  fo  often.  It  is  not 
incorporated,  but  fends  tv.o  mcmbrvs  to 
parlian^ent,  and  has  a  good  market  on  Sa- 
turday. At  the  bottom  of  the  market-place 
is  the  county  gaol.  The  qu'v  -leffions 
for  the  county  are  h'-ld  here,  and  the  Lent 
afiizes.  In  the  town  and  parifli  are  about 
700  houfes.  At  the  north  end  of  the  town 
there  was  a  houfe  of  grey  friars,  f  'inded  by 
James  e;'rl  "  Ormond,  in  ti\e  leign  of 
Richard  II.  There  were  like  wife  two  hof-  : 
pitals.  In  1 8c I,  the  r. -amber  of  inhabitants 
Avcre  3186.  17  miles  SE.  Buckingham,  and 
40  WNW.  London.  Long.  o.  5C.W.  Lat. 
51.49-  N. 

Aylejlvry  IJlavd,  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  ibuth  cuaft  of  Cape  Breton.  Long,  60'. 
45.  W.  Lat.  45.  30.  N; 

Ayksford,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Kent,  on  the  Mcdway,  over  which 
is  a  ftone  bridge.  The  ancient  namcofthi'; 
place  was  SaiffenJghabaii,  but  it  is  faid  to 
have  been  changed  from  a  bloody  baitle 
fought  here  between  the  Britons  and  the 
Saxons,  or  Angles,  and  called  Anglesford, 
whence  came  Aylesford.  A  monaftery  of 
Carmelites  was  founded  here,  in  the  reign  of 
Hjnry  II.  by  Lord  Grey  of  Codnor,  great 
part  of  which  remains  converted  into  aman- 
fion-houie  belonging  to  the  Earl  of  Ayles- 
ford. A  hofpital  ior  poor  men  yet  remains. 
Near  the  village  are  three  large  ftones,  one 
placed  on  the  other  two  cnlled  Ket's  Coity- 
houfe  ;  io  named,  in  the  rpinion  of  Cam- 
den, from  Catigern,  killed  ihere  in  the  bat- 
tle with  the  Sax.ons.  3  miles  N.  Maidftone. 
33  E.  L'  ndon. 

Ayllon,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftilc^ 
28  miles  NW.  Siguenza. 
Ayhnoufb,  fee  Alueviouth. 
Ayljhav!,  fee  Alcjham. 
Ayniaracs,  a  town  ot  Peni,  and  capital  of 
a  jurifdiifticn,  in  the  diocefe  of  Cufco.     80 
miles  S.  Cufco. 

Ayinargacs,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gard,  fituated  in  a  marfny 
country,  which  renders  the  accefs  to  it  diili- 
cult.  15  miles  W.  Aries,  10  S.  Nifmes. 
Aymouth,  lee  Eycnioutk. 
Aynae,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot,  and  diftricl  of  Figeac.  li 
miles  NNW.  Figeac. 

Ayora,  a  town  ot  Spain,  in  tl:ie  province 
of  Valencia.    25  miles  W,  St.  Felipe: 

ytyoayo,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe  oi 
La  Paz.     37  miles  S.  La  Paz. 

Ayr,  or  Air,  a  feaport  town  ofScotl.ind, 
and  capital  of  a  county  to  which  it  gives 
name.  This  place  was  creeled  intu  a 
royal  borough  by  William  the  Lion,  about 
the  year  1180,  and  united  with  Campbel- 
town, Inverary,  Irvine,  and  Rothfay,  it 
fends  one  member  to  parliament.  It  \(;is 
anciently  called  Erigena^  and  isplcafan;'-^ 


AYR 

fituated  on  a  tongue  of  land,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Ayr,  where  it   runs  into  the 
Frith  of  Clyde:  \.\vi  river  Doon  eniers  the 
Clyde  very  near.    It  was  formerly  a  place  of 
tr..de,  but  the  great  trade  of  Glaf^^ow  has 
proved  injurious  to  Ayr.    The  fiiore  is  flat 
an  ^  (liallow,   and  the  entrance  of  the  river, 
which  forms  the  harbour,  is  fubjed  to  a  bar 
of  fand,  which  is  often  thrown  a-crofs  the 
ftream,  and  the  water  never  rifes  above  iz 
feet ;  but  the  channel  is  thought  capable  of 
being  deepened.    There  are  etecled  two  re- 
fledlinglight-houfesto  condud  vefTels  f.ifcly 
into  the  harbour.    There  are  great  plenty 
of  falmon  in  the  two  rivers,  the  fiOimgs  of 
which  rent  at  upwards  of  200I.      BeJides 
the  falmon-fidiery,  the  fand-banks  on  the 
coaft  abound  with  all  kinds  of  white  fifli, 
and  one  or  r,vo  companies  are  eftabliihcd 
here  for  curing  them.     Thz  principal  trade 
carried  on  is   the  exportation  of  coal  to_ 
Ireland,  in  which  nearly  2000   tonnage  ot 
veflels  are  annually  employed.    There  is  an 
extenlive  manufii61:ure  of  leather  and  foap. 
Ayr  was  in  ancient  times,  however,  not  only 
diflinguiflied  for  trade,  but  alfo  for  military 
Itrenyth.     Here  the  heroic  exploits  of  Sir 
W.  Wallace  began,  and  here  Edward  I. 
fixed  one  of  his  nioft  powerful  garrifons. 
Oliver  Cromwell,  too,  judging  it  a  proper 
place  to  build  a  fortrefs,  took  poficfRon  of 
the  old  church,  and   converted  it   and  the 
neighbouring  ground  into  a  regular  citadel. 
Qnone  of  the  mounts,  within  the  walls  of 
this  foitrefs,  flood  the  eld  caftle  of  Ayr, 
mentioned  in  ancien;:  hiftories,  and  the  old 
church,  die  tower  of  which   itill  remains, 
noted  for  the  meeting  of  the  Scottifh  parlia- 
ment, when    Robert  Bruce's   title    to    the 
throne  was  unanimoufly  confirmed.  In  i8or, 
the    papulation    of  the    town   and   parifh 
amounted  to   5492.     60   miles  SW.  Edin- 
burg.    Long.  4.  29-  W.  Laf.  55.  32.  N. 

ytyrjhirs,  a  maritime  county  in  Scotland, 
pounded  on  the  north  by  the  county  of  Ren- 
frew, on  the  caftby  the  fhires  of  Lanerk  and 
Dumfries,  on  the  fbuth  by  Galloway,  and 
on  tlie  weft  by  the  Irifh  channel  and  the 
Frih  of  Clyde.  Its  extent  in  length  is  about 
h5  m;les,  and  about  36  in  breadth.  It  is  di- 
vided into  three  great  bailiagts  or  ftewart- 
rie^-,  which  bear  the  names  of  Kyle,  Cun- 
nii.gh.am,  and  Carrick.  Thefe  divifions 
are  not  altogether  artiiieial  ;  the  river  Ayr, 
en  wliich  is  the  town  of  Ayr,  fDrming  the 
fcparation  between  Carrick  and  Kyle  (or 
Ayrlhirc  Proper),  and  the  river  Irvine  (at 
the  mouth  of  which  is  a  borough  of  the 
{■xrox  name)  is  the  limit  betv-zcen  Kyle  and 
Cunningham."  Thefc  diflri(5t3  are  very  dif- 
fcrc..'  from  each  other  in  appearance.  Car- 
ric'<,'';!nd  tiie  interior  parts  of  Kyle,  are 
h.ountainous,  and  more  fitted  for  pafture  ; 
;!viiile  the  coall  of  Kyle,   and  the  greater 


AYS 

part  of  Cunningham,   exhibit  a  fine  kvel. 
country,  interfperfed  \vith  numerous  villages 
andto^ns.     The  fea  coali  is  moftly  fandy, 
with  funk  rocks,    pofklling  feveral    good 
harbours.      The   ifland  of  Ailfa  is   in  this 
county,    prom  the  ridge,  of  v^'hich  the  moun- 
tains of  Carrick  are  a  part,  rife  almof!:  all 
the  rivers  of  the  fbuth  of  Scotland.     The 
Tv/eed,  the  Efk,  the  Niih,  the  Annan,  the 
Urr,  S:c.  flow  to  the  eaf-t  and  fouth;  while 
the  Stinchar,  the  Girvan,  the    Doon,   the 
Ayr,  and  the  Lugar,  pouring  ii, to  the  Irifh 
channel,  intetfecl:  the  county  o:  Ayr  with 
their  copious  ftreams.      Bcfides  thefe,  the 
Irvine  and  other  fmaller  rivulets  water  the 
more  northerly  parts  of  the  county.     Ayr- 
fnire  has  tv/o  royal  boroughs,  viz.  Ayr  and' 
Irvine  ;  and  feveral  populous  towns  and  vil- 
lages, of  which    Kilmarnock,  Beith,  Salt- 
coats, Kilwinning,  Largs,  Girvan,  and  Bal- 
lantrae,  are  the  chief.     Ayrfhire  is  fitted  in 
every  refpeit  for  the  carrying  on  of  trade, 
and  the  extenfion  of  agricultural  improve- 
ments.    Ayrfhire,  belides  the  inexhaufl:ible 
feams  of  coal  with  which  it  abounds,  pof- 
feffes  feveral   other  valuable  minerals ;    as 
freeffone,  limeftone,  ironil:one,  feveral  rich 
ores  of  lead  and  copper.     A   few  curious 
fpecimens  are  ;  Ifo  to  be  found  in  the  hills  of 
Carrick,  of  agates,  porphyries,  and  of  calca- 
reous petrifadions.    Antimony  and  Molyb- 
daena  have  been  found  ;  and  in  feveral  parts 
that    pecies   of  whetflone,  known  by  the 
nan;e  of  Ayr-ffone,  with  plenty  of  marl  in 
moft  of  the  lakes.    The  valued  rent  of  Ayr- 
fhire is  eftimated  at  191,6051.  Scots,  and  the 
real  rent  amounts  to  105,8001.  llierling.    In 
1 801,  thenumber  of  inhabitants  was  84,306, 
of  whom  42,045  were  employed  in  trade  and 
manufaftures,  and  33,185  in  agriculture. 

y/jr,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  riles  on 
the  borders  of  Lanerkfhire,  crofles  the 
county  to  which  it  gives  name,  and  runs 
into  the  Frith  of  Clyde,  near  the  town  of  Ayr. 
Ayr,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Aifne,  near  Grandpre. 

Ayr  Head,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Scotland.  Long.  4. 40.  V^.  Z^/.  55.28.  N, 
Ayrjines,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the    Somnie.      9   miles  SSE, 
Abbeville. 

Ayr  poor,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Sumatra.  Z^^j;-.  101.38.  E.  Lat. 
3.  U.S. 

Ayrs  Toiv?!,  a  town  of  New  Jerfey.  10 
miles  S.  Burlington. 

Aysgartk,  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
Weit  Riding  of  Yorkfliire,  on  the  river  Ure, 
near  a  grand  pi(5furef(:iue  waterfall,  called 
Ayfgarth  Force.  I'he  whole  river,  which 
is  of  confiderable  breadth,  pouis  down  an  ir- 
regular and  broken  ledge  of  rocks  in  fe- 
veral places,  in  a  fine  hollow  i'urrounded  by 
liills,  covered  with  trees.     Over  the  river  ^ 


I 


A  Z  E 

a  bridge  of  one  arch,  which  vifes  thirty  feet, 
and  Ipans  fcventy-t-,vo.  The  bridge  is  over- 
grown -.vithivy,  and  hason  it  the  date  i5,;9, 
though  probably  the  picior.t  ihiidurc  is  more 
modem.     4  iiiiiesE.  Alkri;^g. 

^hjlingen,  a  town  of  CTcrmany,  in  tnc 
diocele  of  Au'^fDurg.  3  ni.  S3\V.  Diilipgcn. 

ylytei! ill  illy:  a  town  of  Hindooltan,  in  My- 
forc.     7  miles  S.  Colar. 

Antony  a  townlliip  of  England,  in  the 
Norlh  Riding  of  Yorkfliire,  with  865  iiiha- 
bitants,  chicily  employed  in  manufactures. 
3  miles  NE.  Stokefley. 

ylytcii,  lee  Eyeton. 

Aytor.a,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  C;itaioiiia,  near  the  Segrc.  6  miles  SSW. 
Lcrida. 

Aytura,  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
NE.  Rogoiiatpour.     Lojig.  86.  3.  E.  Lat. 

Ayiitla,  a  nver  of  Mexico,  which  runs  into 
the  Paciiic  Ocean,  Lat.  14.  SS-'^-, 

Azai,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Niphon.     50  miles  NKW.  Nambu. 

Azagra,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on 
the  Ebro.     6  miles  from  Calahorra. 

Azallaijhc,  a    town    of  Egypt,   on  the 
coaft  of  the  Red  Sea.    8o  miles  SSE.  Cofeir. 
Aztviibujera,  a  town  of  Portugal,   in  El- 
tramadura.     7  miles  W.  Santarem. 

Azamor,  a  town  of  Morocco,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Duquella,  on  the  river  Morbeys, 
near  the  fea,  but  not  convenient  for  com- 
merce, as  the  entrance  of  the  river  is  dan- 
gerous. It  was  taken  by  the  Portuguele  in 
the  year  15 13,  but  abandoned  at  the  end  of 
the  fame  century.  80  miles  N.  Morocco. 
Long.  8. 15.  W.  Lat.  i:,.  2o_.  N. 

Azor,-^  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  province 
of  Hadramaut.  76  miles  SE.  Amanzirifdin. 
Azarcolla,  fee  Azialcollar. 
Azarcdoy  a  feaport  town  of  South-Ame- 
rica, in  the  bay  of  Spiritu  Santo,  on  the  coail 
of  Brazil,  a  celebrated  port  for  lugar.  Long. 
40.  10.  \V.  Lat.  20.  18.  S. 

Azafiy  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  empire  of 
Morocco,  on  the  coaif  of  the  Atlantic.  120 
miles  NW.  Morocco.  Long.f^.zb.W.  Lat. 
33.40.  N. 

Azay  le  Feron,  a  town  of  France,  m  the 
department  of  the  Indre.     26  miles  W.Cha- 
.  teauroux,  and  9  SSE.  Chatillon. 

Azay  le  Rhicau,  a  tcv.n  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Indre  and  Loire.  In  the 
reign  of  Charles  YI.  this  town  was  taken  by 
the  Burgundians,  but  lijon  after  retaken  by 
the  Dauphin.  12  miles  SVV. Tours,  and  4 
NE.  Chinon. 

Azeitaon,  a  town  of  Portug;il,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Eilramadura.  5  m.  NNV/.  Setiual. 
Azivi.,  or  Ajh/i,  a  town  of  Africa,  and 
capital  of  Adra,  on  the  Slave  Cuall,  about  48 
miles  from  the  fea.  It  was  almou  delboyed 
by  the  King  of  Dahomy,  in  1724. 


A  Z  O 

Azera'iUes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meurtc.  9  miles  SE.Lunc- 
ville,  and  7  SW.  blamont. 

Azerbaijaun,  ic;e  Ads;',  vltzau. 
Azcuchal,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Eftrama- 
dura.     16  miles  SSW.  M.rida. 

Azgar,  a  province  of  the  kingdom  of" 
Fez. 

Azialcollar,  or  Azarcolla,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  the  country  of  Seville.  19  miles  NW. 
Seville. 

Azelar,  a  town  of  AHatic  Turkey,  in  Na- 
tolia,  between  ConIl:antinople  and  Tocat. 

AzUk,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aude.  16  miles  NNW.  Nar- 
bonne,  and  13  ENE.  Carciiflbne.  Long.  2. 
44.  E.  Lat.  43.  17.  N. 

Azhn^tr;  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Alla- 
habad. "84  miles  NE.  Allahabad.  Long.iis. 
23.  E.  Lat.  26.5.  N. 

Azimnagur,  a  town   of  Bcng;d,   in  th& 
province  oT  Hciogly.     15  miles  S.  Calcutta. 
Azhngtmgc,  a  town  of  Bengal,     ij  miles 
ESE.  Moorfhedabad. 

Azhnpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Al- 
lahabad.    36  miles  N.Gazvpour. 

Azhiipcur,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Dacca,  on  an  ifland  m  the  Ganget,. 
5c  miles  S.  Dacca. 

Azincourt,  fee  Aglnourt. 
Azinhago,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eilra- 
madura.    II  miles  NNE.  Saritarem. 

Azio,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
the  province  of  Livadia.  64  miles  NE. 
Lepanto. 

Azinerigunge,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Bengal.     38  miles  SW.  Silhet.  _ 

Az7ialcar,ar.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lufia.-    21  miles  from  Seville. 

Azoguci,  a  town  of  Qiuto.  10  miles  NE. 
Cuenza. 

Azopk,  a  town  of  RuHia,  fituated  at  the 
eaftern  extremity  of  a  large  lake,  or  inland 
fea,  called  the  Sea  of  Azoph,  at  the  inoutli 
of  die  Don.  It  was  taken  from  the  Turks, 
and  fortified  by  Peter  the  Great,  emperor  of 
Rullia,  in  the  year  169^5;  but  in  1711,  he 
was  compelled 'to  abandon  it  to  the  Turks, 
and  by  a  treaty  of  peace  made  b  I7i9>  the 
fortifications  were  demolifhed.  By  another 
treaty  in  1774,  it  was  ceded  toRuffia.and 
has  fince  been  put  into  a  better  ibite  of  de- 
fence. The  pofftfiion  of  this  place  induced 
the  Emprefs  Catherine  to  extend  her  do- 
minions between  the  Don  and  Kuban,  to  the 
Cafpian  Sea.  320  miles  E.  Otchakow,  368 
SVv'.  Saratov,  812  SSE.  Peteifburg.  Long. 
39.  14.E.  Lat.  Aj.'N. 

Azoph,  Sea  cf,  a  large  lake,  or  inland  fea, 
in  Tartavy,  fituated  in  the  dominions  of 
Ruflia  ;  about  210  miles  in  lenuth,  and  from 
43  to  60  in  breadth  ;  it  communicates  VNith 
the  Black  Sea,  nearly  in  the  centre.  It  is 
called  alio  Palus  JNlxotis,  and  Zabach  Sea, 


A  Z  O 


A  Z  Z 


Lor.^.  34.  30.  to  39.  30.  E.    Lat.  4.^-  zc.to 
}j.  to.  N. 

y'.zores,  Terceras,  or  IVeftem  IJlav.ds-,  in 
the  Atlantic,  which  fome  defcribe  as  be- 
longing to  Africa,  fome  to  America,  and 
others,  perh,-^ps  upon  better  grounds,  to 
Eurcpe;  called  Azores  from  flightsof  hawks 
whicli  the  firft  difcoverers  faw.  They  are 
nine  in  nuinber,  and  their  names  are  Ter- 
tcra,  St.  Michael,  Fayal,  Gratiofa,  St. 
George,  Pico,  Corvo,  Flores,  and  St.  Ma- 
Ices.  They  were  formerly  called  the  Fie- 
iTiiHi  Tfles,  as  fiippofed  to  have  been  difco- 
vered  by  a  Flcmifh  nierchant,  who,  in  his 
Toyage  to  Lifbon,  anno  144^,  or  as  others 
tl:ink,  in  1449,  was  driven  io  far  to  the  weft 
bv  a  ftorm,  as  to  fall  in  with  the  Azores, 
which  he  found  uninhabited.  Upon  his  ar- 
rival at  Lifbon,  he  gave  fiich  hints,  relating 
to  his  adventure,  as  were  fufficient  to  engage 
that  then  entcrprifing  court  in  a  farther  dif- 
coveiy,  which  iucceeded  to  their  wifli.  An- 
tonio Gonzalo,  in  his  Hiftory  of  the  Difco- 
veries  of  the  AVorld,  fays,  that  the  great 
Don  Henry,  prince  of  Portugal,  thought 
this  fo  confiderable  an  acquiiition  to  the  for- 
mer difcoveries  he  had  made,  that  he  went 
sn  pcrfon  to  take  polTeflion  of  the  Azores,  in 
1449.  Davity  affirms,  that  the  Fleraifli 
merchants,  on  the  part  of  their  countryinan, 
icnt  a  colony  thither,  Vv-hich  fettled  in  Fayal, 
v.'here  their  defcendants  continue  to  this 
day.  In  proof  of  .this  affcrtion,  it  is  urged, 
that  a  river  in  this  ifland  is  called  by  the 
Portugucfc,  Pvio  or  Ribcra  dos  Flamingos. 
All  the  others  are  undoubtedly  inhabited  by 
Pcrtuguefc,  under  a  governor  of  that  nation, 
icfiding  at  Angra,  the  capital  of  Tercera, 
and  indeed  of  all  the  Azores.  In  fpirituals 
they  are  under  the  jurifdiiftion  of  the  bifhcp 
of  the  Azores,  whofc  capital  refidcnce  is 
in  the  ifland  of  St.  Michael.  In  the  year 
1457,  the  inhabitants  had  a  grant  from  Al- 
phonfoV.  exempting  their  trade  from  all 
duties  to  any  of  the  ports  of  Spain  and  Por- 
tugal ;  and  feveral  other  immunities  and 
piivilegcswere  granted  to  this  favourite  co- 
jony.  There  are  feveral  fmaller  iflands  to 
tl'.e  north-v.vti,  one  of  which  Kircher  affirms, 
emerged  all  of  a  Hidden  out  of  tl)e  fea,  at  a 
place  where  lifhcrmcn  ufcd  to  found  120 
fc'.t  water.  At  flrib  tliis  ifland  appeared 
in  form  of  a  group  of  rocks,  fillir.g  up  a 
fpace  of  live  or  fix  acres  of  ground  ;  but 
afterwards  enlarged  to  as  many  miles  in  ex 
tent.  'I'his  event  was  preceded  by  earth- 
quakes  for  near  eight  days  ;  afi.r  which  a 


violent  fire  broke  out  through  thefurface  of 
the  fea,  flaming  up  to  the  clouds,  and  vo- 
miting oyt  prodigious  quantities  of  ^^.t^^l, 
earth,  ftones,  and  minerals,  appearing  at  a 
diftance  like  large  fleeces  of  wool,  and  fall- 
ing down  agatn  to  the  farface  of  the  \vater, 
upon  which  they  fwam  in  a  concrete  form. 
This  was  followed  by  the  emeriion  of  the 
rocks  we  have  mentioned,  and  by  fome 
others  of  greater  height,  which  were  broke 
in  pieces  by  another  fhock  of  an  earthquake, 
and  then  united  into  one  folid  mafs,  with 
the  fcum  Iwimming  on  the  top  of  the  water. 
The  Terceras,  or  Azores  Iflands,  are  dif- 
ccvered  a  great  way,  at  ninety  miles,  fays 
Frezier,  by  a  high  mountain  called  the  pico, 
or  peak,  of  the  Azores,  of  a  conical  form, 
like  the  peak  of  TenerifFe.  All  writers  al- 
low that  the  Azores  enjoy  a  clear  ferene 
fl<:y,  and  wliolefome  pleafant  climate  ;  and 
that  they  are  fertile  in  corn,  wine,  fruits, 
and  quadrupeds,  both  wild  and  tame.  Their 
greateit  inconvenience  is  their  being  fubjesft, 
like  the  Canaries,  to  violent  earthquakes, 
as  well  as  to  the  fury  of  the  v/aves,  which 
frequently  do  an  incredible  deal  of  mifchief 
to  the  inhabitants,  by  overflowing  the  lov/ 
grounds,  and  fweeping  olr  whole  fields  of 
grain  and  folds  of  cattle,  breaking  down 
their  fences  and  overturning  their  boufes- 
Long.  35.  to  33.  W.    Lat.  36.  to  40. N. 

Azrah  hen  Aran.,  a  town  of  the  Arabian 
Irak,  on  the  Tigris.  15  miles  NNW.  Korna. 

Azrakt  a  river  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  which 
runs  into  the  Euphrate-s,  6  m.  NE.  Semifat. 

Aztailan.,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  16.  20.  N- 

Azua,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  the 
Ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  Long.  71.  56.  E. 
Z.^r.  18.  16.N. 

Aztiaga,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  prc*- 
vince  of  Eftramadura.     9  miles  SE.  Llerena- 

Azinnar,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Alentejo.     5  r.--.  WNW.  Aronches. 

Azurar,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Entre  Duero  e  Mine.  16  miles  SW. 
Braga. 

Azurar  a,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ueira.     6  miles  SE.  yileu. 

Azyris,  a  town  of  Africa.,  on  the  coaft  of 
Barca.  65  miles  E.  Curin.  Long.  32.  ;c. 
E.  Z^/.3=.35.N. 

Azzoglio,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sella,  lately  belunging  to  the 
principality  of  Maflerano.  6  niiks  NNE^ 
Mail'erano. 

Azzurbauejau?:,  fee  Adirbcitzaiu  ■ 


B. 


BAB 

7)^,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country  of 
Jj  Adra,  on  the  Slave  Coaft,  where  the 
Dutch  have  a  fadory. 
Baadcn,  fee  Baden. 

Baadjled,  or  Batjlcd,  a  feaport  town  of 
Sweden,  in  the  province  of  Skonen,  fituated 
in  a  bay  of  the  C  itteeat.  lo  miles  N.  En- 
gelholm,  and  i6  S.  Hahnftadt.  Lofig.  12. 
4j.  E.   Lat.  56.  28.  N. 

Baagoe,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Denmark,  in  the 
LittleB-lt.    Z57.'^.  9.  49.E.  Z.i?/'.  5j.  19.N. 
Baag^,e,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Denmark,  be- 
tween the  iflands  of  Zealand,  INIuen,  and 
Falfter.     Long.  12.  -i,.  E.  Lat.  54.  56.  N. 

Baa^viara,  a  town  of  Bengal.  50  miles 
SE.  Dacca. 

Baaker,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Dongola,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile. 
30  miles  WNW.  Dongola. 
Baalk'it,  fee  Balheit. 
Baar,  a  landgraviate  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Swabia,  annexed  to  the  principality 
of  Furftenbcrg.     It  is  lituated  at  the  lource 
of  the  Danube  and  the  Neckar,  near  the 
Black  Foreft.  It  includes  the  towns  of  Furs- 
tenberg,  Donauefchingen,  Blumberg,  Huf- 
iingen,  and  a  few  others. 
Baar,  fee  Bar. 

BaatCy  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of  Meck- 
ley.     75  miles  W.  Munnypour. 

Bah,  a  town  of  Syria.  25  miles  SW. 
Bambouch. 

Bah  a,  or  Temis-jary  or  To^'i'rfvar,  a  town 
of  European  Turkey,  in  the  province  of 
Bulgaria,  on  a  bay  of  the  Black  Se;i,  called 
the  gulf  of  Baba,  celebrated  for  its  knives 
and  fword-bladcs.  This  is  generally  conii- 
dcred  as  the  ancient  Tomi,  the  place  of 
Ovid's  banilhment  and  death.  6?  miles 
ENE.  Siliftria.  Long.  28.  38.  E.  Lat.  44. 
40.  N. 

Baba,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
jurifdi(5licn  of  Guayaquil.  30  miles  N. 
Guayaquil. 

Babachoka,  one  of  the  Biflligos  iflands,  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Africa. 

Bababoya,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
New  Grenada,  the  chief  place  of  abailiwick, 
and  extenfive  jurifdicftion;  the  country 
about  it  's  low,  and  fabjefl  to  inundations, 
but  fertile  in  cocci,  cotton,  rice,  and  fruit. 


BAB 

Bahabi,  a  town  of  Ferfia,  in  the  province 
of  Kerman.     90  miles  SE.  Sirgian. 

Babai'!,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Chorafan.     60  miles  W.  Herat. 

Babanon,  or  Balbanon,  a  town  of  the 
kingdom  of  Cambcja,  on  the  river  Camboja. 
Long.  105.  10.  E.  Lat.  12.  17.  N. 

Babatfcha,  or  Bahaffka,  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary.    6  miles  SSE.  Canifcha. 

Babapow  ,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Oude. 
20  miles  S.  Kairabad. 

Babb!n,-A.to\\ix\  of  Pomerania,  in  the  ifland 
of  Rugen.     12  miles  N.  Bergen. 

Babein,  a  town  of  Egypt,  buii't  en  the  ru- 
ins of  an  ancient  city.    6  ni.\V.  Afnmuncin. 
Babein,  a  tonm  of  Perl'ia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.     80  miles  SE.  Ifpahan. 
Babelahouad,  foe  Derhend. 
Bahelza,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     36  miles  N.  Oudighir. 

Babd-Mandcb,  a  narrow  itrait  betv/een 
the  Indian  Ocean  and  the  Red  Sea,  formed 
by  the  projefting  land  of  Arabia  in  Alia, 
and  Abylfinia  in  Africa. 

Bahel-Mandeb,  an  ifland  in  the  ftraits  fo 
called,  at  the  entrance  of-  the  Rtd  Sea,  be- 
tween the  coaft  of  Ar;,bi:i  on  the  caft,  and 
the  coaft  of  Abyillnia  Oii  the  weft ;  about  five 
miles  in  circumference,  but  barren,  and  al- 
moft  uninhabited.  Long.  44.  jo.  E.  Lat, 
44.  28.  N. 

Babetihaufdn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Swabia  ;  a  lo^dfhip  belonging  to  the  counts 
of  Fugger,  on  the  Gunz.  26  milcS  WSW. 
Augfburg,  and  16  SE.  Ulra.  Long.  ic.  13. 
E.  Lat.A'i-  8.N. 

Bahenhaufcn,  fee  Bobcnhanfen. 
Babcnjkoi,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Archangel.    90  miles  SSW.  Kola. 

Baber,  an  ifland  in  tlie  Eaftern  Indian  Sea, 
about  forty  miles  in  circumference.  Long. 
130.  40.  E.   Lat. -J.  i,\.^. 

Bahgainn,  a  tjwn  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     22  nules  N.  Poonah. 

Bab'i,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftrrn  Indian 
Sea,  near  the  v/eft  coaft  of  Ceram.  Long. 
128.  3.  E.  Lat.  3.  5.  S. 

Babia,  a  river  of  Ruilian  I-apland,  which 
runs  into  the  VVhite  Sea,  6  miles  S.  Pialhza. 
Babka,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Minflc.     8  miles  E.  Mozvr. 


BAG 

fi.wpi,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
of  I,iiblin.  This  place  is  remarkable  for  a 
focietv  or  club  inftituted  by  Sigifmund  Au- 
guftus  king  of  Poland,  for  the  promotion  of 
■witj  mirth,  and  good  humour,  and  ludicrous- 
ly called  the  commonwealth  of  Babin.  8 
miles  SW.  Lublin. 

Babin,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
ofBracIaw.     28  miles  NE.  Braclaw. 

Bahin,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
of  Belez.     36  miles  E.  Belez. 

Eab'niovitfcki,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Mogiley.  60  niiles  N.  Mogiley, 
and  308  S.  Peterfburg.  Long.  30.  14.  E. 
Laf.  54.  52.  N. 

Bahitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Czaflau.     5  miles  WNW.  Teutfch  Brod. 

Baho,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country  of 
Whidah.     10  miles  NW.  Sabi. 

Bahocfa,  a  town  ot  Hungary,  former]  y  forti- 
fied, but  now  difmantled.  22  m.SSE.Canifcha. 

Bahoaif,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Oife.     2  miles  ESE.  Noyon. 

Bahora,  a  town  of  Auftrian  Poland,  in 
Galicia.     12  miles  S.  I>emberg. 

Baboul,  fee  Bulls-,  Bay  of. 

Bahra,  a  town  of  Hindooifan,  in  Guzerat. 
51  miles  NE.  Junagur. 

Bcihra,  a  tov/n  of  North-America,  in  New 
Navarre.     205  miles  S.  Cafa  Grand. 

Bnkn,  or  Fulo  Bahn,  a  fmail  ifland  in  the 
gulf  of  Siam,  near  the  coaft  of  Camboja. 
Lon'j;.  103.  48.  E.  Lat.  9.42.  N. 

Babuan,  a  fmall  iiland  in  the  Sooloo  Ar- 
chipelago.  Zwi^tf.  120.30.  E.  Zi?/.  5.20.N. 

Babunl'or,  a  Icaport  of  Africa,  on  the 
copH:  ot  Zangucbar,  nearly  on  the  Equinoc- 
tial line. 

Bnbufo,  a  fmall  iiland  in  the  Red  Sea,  near 
the  coaft  of  Egypt.     Lat.  24.  47.  N. 

Babuyan,  an  ifland  in  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  and  the  moft  northerly  of  thofe  cal- 
led Babuyanes,  about  twenty  m.iles  in  cir- 
cumference. /,5;;^'-.  122.2.E.  Zi^/.  19.39. N. 

Babuyanes,  a  clufler  of  fix  or  feven  fmall 
iilands,  about  thirty  miles  north  of  the  ifle 
cf  LugoD,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  One  of 
the^ii  contains  about  500  inhabitants;  the 
chief  produce  is  wax,  ebony,  bananas,  co- 
coas, and  plantains.  The  chief  of  the  iflands 
crcl5abuyan,Camiguen,  Calayan,  Dalupiril, 
,)nd  Fuga,  with  a  few  ifkts.  Long.  121.35. 
to  122.  5.  E.    J.at.  18.  58.  to  19^42.  N. 

Viahvyca,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Culiacan.    ^1?  milcsNNE.  Cuii.ican. 

Bacdtla  Jaretia,  a  river  oiSicily,  which 
runs  into  the  fca  on  the  eaft  coafi,  Long. 
16.  14.  Y..  Lat.  37.  19.  N. 

Baca,  fee  Baza. 

Ba.  acay,  a  town  on  the  wefl:  coafl  of  the 
ifland  "fNtgros.  Long.  122.  15.  E.  Lat. 
9.  4».  N. 

Bacaducb't,  a  town  ol'  Noith-Amcrica,  in 
N'-w  Navarre.  240  miles  S::E.  Cala  Grande. 


BAG 

Bacaivi,  a  town  in  the  ifland  of  Salfete,  ! 

near  the  coaft  of  Concan,  of  which  the  Por-  | 

tuguefe  were  a  long  time  in  pofTeilion,  but 
were  driven  av/ay  by  the  Mahrattas. 

Bacalal,  a  lake  of  Mexico,  in  the  province 
of  Yucatan,  40  miles  long,  and  16  broad. 
36  miles  SW.  Valladolid. 

Bacalan,  a  tov/n  of  Great  Bukharia.  45  M 
m.  W.  Anderab,  and  145  ESE.  Balk.  Long.  fl 
6?.  40.  E.  Lat.  ;^i>.  12.  N. 

Bacalan,  a  mountain  of  Great  Eukharia. 
120  miles  E.  Balk. 

Bacavi,  a  town  of  North-America,  in  New 
Navarre.     165  miles  NW.  Cinaloa. 

Bacanao  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth  coafl  of 
the  ifle  of  Cuba.  Long.  74.  59.  W.  Lat. 
20.  6.  N. 

Bacanora,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Hiaqui.    50  miles  N.  Riochica. 

Bacapa,  a  town  of  North-America,  in 
New  Nnvarre.  120  miles  SW.  Cafa  Gi  ande.  1 

Bacarach,  or  Bacarat,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  Mount  Tonnerre,  lately 
belonging  to  the  Lower  Palatinate,  at  the 
foot  of  a  mountain  called  Voiifoerg.  It  is 
fuppofed  to  have  its  name  corrupted  from 
Baccki  Ara;  the  altar  of  Bacchus.  The 
wine  produced  in  its  neighbourhood,  is  in 
great  requeft.  Baccharach  was  lb  completely 
pillaged  by  the  troops  of  Louis  XIV.  in 
1689,  that  the  French  commander,  the  night 
before  he  left  town,  had  nothing  to  fleep  on 
but  flraw;  which  was  next  day  employed  to 
burn  it  down.  48  miles  N.  Deux-Ponts,  23 
S.  Coblentz.   Long.  7.  40.  E.  Lat.  ^o.  2.N. 

Bacarat,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meurte.    12  miles  SE.  Luneville. 

BacarJo,  a  town  of  Genoa.  8  miles  NNE. 
Vintimiglia. 

Bacafere,  a  town  of  Bengal.  Here  is  a 
hot  fpring.     6  miles  S.  Nagore. 

Bacca-Serai,  or  Bakfcifaral,  a  town  of 
Ruflia,  in  the  government  of  Tauris,  once 
the  chief  city  of  Crim  Tartary,  and  refidence 
of  the  Han  or  Kan,  (ituated  on  the  river  Ka- 
barta,  about  20  miles  from  the  fouth  coaff. 
i--ong.  2,^.  6.  E.   Lat.  44.  27.  N. 

Baccano,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
Patrimonio.     12  miles  S.  Nepi. 

Baccanore,  a  town  of  Canara.  14  miles 
S.  Barcelorc. 

Bacc'igUone,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  crcfTes 
the  Paduan,  and  joins  the  Po  at  its  mouth. 

Bacciuii,  a  village  of  Holland,  which,  in 
1799,  was  twice  or  thrice  taken  and  retaken. 

Bacegotty,  a  town  of  Thibet.  38  miles 
NN\\\  Linnagur. 

Bach,  or  Bacs,  or  Bach,  or  Batka,  a  town 
of  Lower  Hungary,  about  4  miles  from  the 
north-weft  lide  of  the  Danube,  and  20  from 
the  conflux  of  the  Drave  and  Danube.  It 
w  as  formerly  more  confidei  al-le  than  it  now 
is,  ha\ing  been  the  fee  cfubli'hop,  fuffragan 
of  Cclocza;  but  now  united  to  that  fee.    ao 


BAG 

miles  NE.  Funfkirchen,  and  75  S.  Buda. 
JLcfig.  19.  10.  E.    Lat.  46-  iS.  N. 

Bachaajh,  h  firirJl  ifland  among  the  wef- 
tern  iflands  of  Scotland,  near  the  north-ea(t 
coaft  of  North  Vift.  Long.  7.  3.  W.  Lat. 
57-37-N. 

Biichara,  a  town  of  Bengal.  34  miles 
NW.  Boglipour. 

Bachehrie,  La,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
dep.irtment  of  the  Dordogne.  la  miles  N. 
Sariat. 

Bachelor'' s  River,  Vi  river  of  South-Ameri- 
ca, which  runs  into  a  bay,  to  which  it  gives 
name,  on  th'2  north  fide  of  the  Straits  of 
Magellan.  This  river  has  a  bar  at  its  mouth, 
which  renders  the  entrance  fomewhat  dan- 
gerous. Lciig.of  the  mouth,  73.  ^z.  W. 
Lat.  S7>.  38.  N. 

Bachian,  one  of  the  Molucca  iflands  in 
the  Eaftern  Indian  Sea.  The  (hape  is  that  of 
a  double  oval,  with  an  ifthmus  in  the  centre, 
and  widening  towards  each  end:  about  ^^ 
miles  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  from  6  to  15 
broad.  It  is  fertile  in  fago,  fruits,  and  all 
the  neceflarics  of  life.  Bachian  was  formerly 
a  diftinft  kingdom,  and  very  potent.  It 
produced  the  beil  cloves  in  the  Moluccas; 
but  was  ruined  by  the  inhabitants  through 
neglcvS.  They  had  an  alliance  with  the 
Portuguefe  and  Spaniards,  who  eftabliOicd 
garrilbns  there;  but  in  1610,  they  were  dif- 
pofTefTed  by  the  Dutch,  who  built  other  forts, 
and  obtained  a  liberty  to  trade  without  pay- 
ing cuftoms.  The  principal  town  is  Sabon- 
go.    Long.  127.  33.  E.  Lat.  o.  30.  S. 

Bachlul,  a  river  of  Moldavia,  which  runs 
into  the  Zila,  10  miles  SE.  Jaili. 

Bachviut,  a  town  of  Ruifia,  in  the  province 
of  Ekaterinoflav.  104  miles  NNW.  Azoph, 
and  112  E.  Ekaterinoflav.  Long.2,T-  44.  E. 
Lat.  48.  25.  N. 

Bacho,  a  river  of  North-Wales,  which 
runs  into  the  Severn,  near  Llanidios,  in 
Montgomery  (hire. 

Bacbolkz-jOr  Vonchotfch,z  town  of  Poland, 
in  the  palatinate  of  Sandomirz.  20  miles  S. 
Radora. 

Bachu,  fee  Baku. 

Bacidu,  or  Baj/idere,  a  town  at  the  weft 
end  of  the  ifland  of  Kifmich,  in  the  Perfian 
gulf,     Lat.  26.  38.  N. 

Back,  or  Dutch7i/an^s  Cap,  one  of  the 
fmall  wcifern  iflands  of  Scotland,  among 
the  duller  called  TrefhaniOi.  Long.  6.  27. 
W.    Z.^/.  56.  29.N. 

Back  River,  a  river  of  Maryland,  winch 
runs  into  the  Chefapeak,  Long.  76.  ■},f^.  W. 
Lat.  59.  12.  N. 

Backe,  a  town  of  Swedifli  Lapland.  42 
miles  SSE.  Afcle. 

Backerguuge,  a  town  of  Bengal.  70  miles 
S.Dacca.    Long.cjo.zG.^.  Lat. 22.  t,^.!^. 

Backnang,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  S'.vabia,  and  dutchy  of  Wurtera- 


B  A  D 

berg,  on  the  Muhr.  3  miles  E.  Marpach, 
and  12  NE.  Stuttgart.  Long.  9.  30.  E. 
Lat.  48.  58.  N. 

Baco,  a  town  of  Mindoro,  one  of  the 
Philippine  iflands,  fituatcd  on  the  north 
coalh  It  is  the  capital  of  the  ifland,  and 
rcfidencc  of  a  Spanifh  judge.  The  environs 
are  well  watered  by  fprings  from  mountains, 
which  are  covered  with  farfaparilla.  Long. 
121.  5.  E.  I, at.  13.  18.  N. 

Bacofcn,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
ofBoleflaw.    5  miles  NNE.  Jung  Buntzlau. 

Bacon,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Segeltan.     80  miles  NNE.  Zareng. 

Bacon,  a  town  on  the  caft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Lu^on.  Long.  125.  5.  £.  Lat.  13. 
20.  N. 

Bacon'' s  IJJand,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Chi- 
nefe  fea.     Long.  113.  5.  E.  Lat.  11.  13.  N. 

BacotiC)  a  town  of  Etruria.  28  miles  NE. 
Florence. 

Bacongen,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland   of  Sumatra.     Long.  96.  58-  E. 

Z,i?/.2.  52.  N. 

Bacras,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  tlie  kingdom 
ofSennaar.  25  miles  ESE.  Stnnaar.  Long. 
34.  E.  Lat.  12.35.S. 

Bacre,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  Sierra 
Leone  country.  Long.  12.  11.  W.  Lat.  8. 
40.  N. 

Bafiriani,  a  tov/n  of  the  principality  of 
Georgia.     60  miles  N.  Teflis. 

Bacuachi,  a'  town  of  Mexico,  in  New 
Navarre.-   135  miles  S.  Cafa  Grande. 

Badagis,  a  town  of  Perfia^  in  Koraftn. 
40  m.  N.  Fuflieng. 

Badagry,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Benin. 

Badajos,  or  Badajox,  a  town  of  Spain,  and 
capital  of  Eftramadura,  litaatcd  on  the  Gua- 
diana,  on  the  frontiers  of  Portugal :  tlie  fee 
of  a  bifliop  ;  it  was  built  by  Auguftus,  and 
by  him  called  Pax  Augufti.  In  11 79,  being 
then  in  pofl'effion  of  the  Moors,  Bad.ijos 
was  attacked  by  Alonzo  king  of  Portugal, 
at  that  time  eng.iged  in  war  with  Ferdinand, 
king  of  Leon.  Alonzo  v/r.s  repulfed,  and 
himfelf  wounded  and  taken  prifoner  by  Fer- 
dinand, who  came  to  the  relief  of  the  tov/n. 
Two  years  after  it  was  taken  by  Ferdinand, 
and  the  government  given  to  a  Moor,  who 
foon  afterv.'ards  rebelled.  In  1233,  it  flirren- 
dered  to  Alonzo  king  of  Leon;  and  in  1396, 
to  the  Portuguefe.  The  fortifications  are 
not  very  ftrong,  yet  it  ftood  two  lieges;  one 
againft  the  Portuguefe,  in  1658,  and  another 
againft  the 'Enghfli  and  Dutch,  fupported 
by  a  confidcrable  corps  of  Portuguefe;  ir» 
1 705.  82  miles  NNW.  Sevifle,  49  S.  Al- 
cantara.    Long.  6.  47.  W.  Lat.  38. 49.  N. 

Badakjhan,    or  Badajhkan,    a   town   of 
Afia,  and   capital  of  a   diftriv.^   in    Gicat-  • 
Bukharia.     It  is  not  large,  but  ftrong,  well 
built,  ;;nd  populour.,  lituatcd  at  the  foot,  uf 


BAD 

fome  lofty  mountains,  in  which  gold,  fdver, 
and  n;bies  are  found.  Its  princes  have 
ibnu times  been  independent.  150  n;ilesE. 
Ballc.     Lor!g.()%.  50.  E.  Lat.  37.  20.  N. 

Badnlojia,  a  feaporttown  of  Spain,  in  Ca- 
i;i!onia.  Lord  Peterborough  landed  here 
■with  the  Emperor  Charles,  in  1704.  4  niiles 
KE.  Barcelona.  Long.  2.  7.  E.  Lat.  4i> 
25.  N. 

Badavi,  fee  Budayoon. 
■     Badamgur,  fee  Badcnigur.  _ 

Badajhicoupy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Myfurc.     28  miles  S.  Seringapatam. 

Badajka.  a  town  of  RuOia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Jrkutfk,  on  the  river  Augara.  80 
miles  NNVV.  Irkutflc. 

Baddanmiy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Viliapoiir.  80  miles  S.  Vifiapour. 
Long.  75.  40.  E.  Lat.  16.  10.  N. 

Badda7-ee,  a  town  oFHindoouan,  in  Bahar. 
40  niiles  NNV.''.  Diubungah.       Long.  91. 
13.  E.  Lat.  26.  4.?.N. 
BadclorM,  fee  Badalona. 
Badcluf  iee  Badilou. 

Badelnudfahs,  a  long  narrow  fandy  tra6t 
of  land  of  Sweden,  in  the  province  of  Weft- 
mannland,  where  the  Danes  were  totally 
defeated  in  152 1. 

Baden,  or  Bade,  a  grand  duf  chy  and  elec- 
torate of  Germany,  in  the  circle  of  Swabia. 
Jt  is  divided  into  two  princ  palities,  that  of 
Paden-Eaden,  or  Baden-Hochberg,  and  Ba- 
den-Dui!ach.  Baden-Baden  is  btamded  on 
the  weft  by  the  Uhine,  (though  a  fmall  part 
lies  on  the  weft  lide  of  that  river,)  on  the 
rcrth  by  Baden  Durlach,  on  the  eaft  by 
Wiu-temberg,  and  on  the  fouth  by  the 
Brifgaw.  The  principal  tov/ns  are  Raftadt, 
Baden,  f!ttingen,  Steinbach,  and  Stolhofen. 
The  margrave  of  Baden-Baden  is  a  fovereign 
prince,  and  has  a  vote  in  the  college  of 
princes.  The  eftahliihed  religion  is  Roman 
Catholic.  Baden-Durlach  is  bounded  on 
the  north  by  the  palatinate  and  bifliopric  of 
iSpire,  on  the  eaft  by  Wurtemberg,  on  the 
Icuth  by  Baden-Raden,  and  on  the  weft  by 
tiie  Rhine.  The  principal  towns  are  Dur- 
lach, Pforzheim,  Muhlburg,  and  Emmendin- 
gen.  This  prince  enjoys  two  votes  in  the 
college  of  princes  of  the  empire,  viz.  one 
tor  Baden-DuruTch,  tl\c  other  for  Hochberg. 
The  reigning  prince  and  his  fubjefts'profefs 
l>uthera!iifm.  The  marquifate  of  Baden  is 
afielled  at  566  florins  for  a  Roman  month, 
ami  taxed  to  the  Imperial  chamber  349  rix- 
dollars.  By  the  treaty  of  Luneville,  Baden 
was  conftitutcd  an  clcL^orate  of  the  empire, 
and  erc>^lcd  into  an  archdutchy. 

Baden,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Swabia,  and  capital  of  Baden,  celel^raied 
for  its  hot  baths,  called  by  the  ancients 
Thermic  Infciiores,  (ituatcd  on  uneven 
ground  among  Ivills.  In  1688,  the  town 
was  burned  dov/n  bv  the  French.    %%  miles 


BAD 

iNE.  Strafburgh,  36  W.  Stuttgart,  and  40 
SSW.  Heidelberg.  Long.  8.  i8-  E.  Lat. 
48.  46.  N. 

Baden,  a  county  or  bailiwick  of  Swifter- 
land,  in  Argow,  formerly  an  independent 
county,  but  now  ful  je(51  to  the  cantons;  lying 
on  both  fides  the  Limmat ;  bounded  on  the 
weft  by  the  river  Aar,  on  tlie  north  by  the 
Rhine,  and  on  the  Ibutlr  by  the  Reufz,  about 
21  miles  long,  and  9  wide.  The  foil  is  fer- 
tile, and  in  general  abounds  in  grain  and 
fruit.  The  mountains  yield  excellent  free- 
ftone,  marble,  and  iron  ore.  The  greater 
part  of  the  inhabitants  are  Roman  Catholics. 
The  principal  town  is  Baden. 

Baden,  or  Uppe?-  Baden,  a  town  of  Swif- 
ferland,  and  capital  of  a  county  fo  called, 
fituated  on  the  Limmat.  It  is  the  refidence 
of  the  bailiff,  who  is  appointed  by  the  can- 
tons of  Zurich,  Berne,  and  Claris,  alter- 
nately;  the  two  former  appoint  for  feven 
years,  but  Glaris  only  for  two.  Divers  mo- 
numents teftify  the  antiquity  of  this  town  ; 
and  the  virtue  of  its  mineral  waters  have 
been  long  known.  The  dukes  of  Auftria 
had  formerly  a  caftle  here,  where  they  re- 
fided  when  they  vlfited  their  eftates  in  Hel- 
vetia, till  it  was  taken,  with  the  whole  coun- 
try, from  Duke  Frederick,  in  the  year  1415. 
The  baths  are  conftrufled  on  both  fides  of 
the  Limmat,  and  form  a  fcparate  town,  half 
a  mile  below  the  other.  The  waters  are' 
warm  and  abundant,  fupplying  two  large 
public  refervoirs  for  the  ufe  of  the  poor;  be- 
fides  2CO  private  baths.  27  miles  SE.  Bale, 
14  NW.  Zurich.  Long.  8. 12.  E.  Lat.  47. 
24.  N. 

Baden,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  arch- 
dutchy of  Auftria,  on  the  river  Schwocha, 
celebrated  for  its  warm  baths,  of  which  they 
reckon  nine  difl'erent  in  number;  the  town 
is  v/alled,  and  contains  three  churches,  iz 
miles  SSW.  Vienna.  L'Jng,  16.  14.  E.Lat. 
48.2.  N. 

Badenally,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Myfore.     21  miles  S.  Seringapatam. 

Badei.cch,  a  diftrid  of  Scotland,  in  the 
eaft  part  of  the  county  of  Invernefs,  about 
36  miles  long,  and  24  broad. 

Bademichl,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Nev/  Navarre.  125  miles  S. 
Calii  Grande.  Long.  iia.  50.  W.  Lat.  36. 
40.  N. 

BadewveeUar,   a  town  of   Germany,   in 
the  circle  of  Swabia,  which  gives  name  to  a 
lordlhip  in  the  dutchy  of  Baden,  much  fre- 
quented for  its  hot  baths.     2  miles  S.  Saltz-- 
burg,  and  5  E.  Briftch. 

Baderal'y,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Vlfi- 
pour.     17  miles  SW.  Raibaug. 

Bade) gut;  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
fubah  of  Delhi.     26  miles  W.  Delhi. 

Baderpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circai  of  Gohud.    10  miles  W  Goh,ud. 


E  A  E 


B  A  F 


Badey,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  tlic  province  of 
Choiafan.     140  miles  NW.  Ilcrat. 

Badguyn.,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     6  miles  SSW,  Oudighir. 

Badia,  a  town  of  Etruria.  17  miles  N. 
Florence. 

Badia,  a  town  of  Etruria.  15  miles  W. 
Voltera. 

BadiayLa,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Polc- 
fino  de  Rovigo,  formerly  called  Caflello 
Piazzone  :  it  is  an  open  town,  but  populous 
and  wealthy,  fituated  on  a  branch  of  the 
Adige.     15  miles  WSW.  Rovigo. 

Bad'ia  di  Mofa,  a  town  of  maritime  Auf- 
trla,  in  Friuli.     9  miles  NE.  Gemona. 

Badlhouy  or  Badelu-,  a  town  of  Africa,  and 
capital  of  a  county  north  of  Gambia,  fituated 
to  the  eaft  of  Ban  a.  Long.  15.  W.  Lat. 
13.40.  N. 

Badifige?!,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Old  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  7  miles  W. 
Stendal. 

Bjdjoura,  fee  Bag'mra. 

Badkis,  or  Paji?i,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the 
province  of  Chorafan.  36  miles  N.  Herat. 
JLong.  60.  27. E.  Lat.  35.  30.  N. 

Bado,  a  river  of  the  ifland  of  Lucon, 
which  runs  into  the  fea,  Long.  120.  38.  E. 
Lat.  18.  10.  N. 

Badodj,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  fu- 
bah  of  Delhi.     35  miles  SW.  Delhi. 

Badogi,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  on  the  north 
coaft  of  lake  Bielo,  in  the  government  of 
Novgorod.     196  miles  NE.  Novgorod. 

Badou,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Slave 
Coaft.     10  miles  NW.  Grand  Seilre. 

Badour,  a  town  of  HindooiVan,  in  Bahar. 
65  miles  SSW.  Patna. 

Badracbillmn,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Golconda,  on  the  Godavery.  73  miles  NW. 
Rajamundry,  ijo  E.  Hydrabad.  Long.  81. 
10.  E.  I^at.  17.  50.  N. 

Badrai,  a  town  ot  European  Turkey,  in 
Moldavia.  10  miles  N.  Stephanowze,  5  a 
N.  Jaffi. 

Badravn,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
16  miles  SSW\  Patna. 

Badronuly,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gu- 
zerat.     16  miles  E.  Surat. 
,  Badnick,  fee  Budderuck' 

Badjhawpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Benares.     24  miles  WSW.  Jionpour. 

Badjhijt  Bay^  a  bav  on  tlie  coaft  of  Pata- 
gonia, in  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  Long.  74. 
Z4.  W.  Lat.  53.  35-S. 

Badulato,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     14  miles  SSE.  Squiilace. 

Badule,  a  town  of  Ceylon.  54  miles  SE. 
Candi,  3a  W.  Trincoli. 

Badus,  a  mountain  of  the  Grifons.  18 
miles  SSE.  Altdorf. 

Badnjhy  a  town  of  Turkifti  Armenia.  10 
miles  N.  Mofal. 

Baedoo,  a  country  of  Africa,  fituated  to 


the  SE.  of  Bambares,  and  fubjcJl  to  the  king 
of  that  country. 

Bacn,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Moldavia.  16  miles  NNW.  Nicmecz. 

Baena,  fee  Vacna. 

Buerivaldc,  a  town  of  Prudian  Pomera- 
nia.  8  miles  W.  New  Stettin.  Long.  16. 
13.  E.  Lat.  SI-  45- N. 

Baeriva'dc,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Nev/ Mark  of  Brandenburg.  13  m.NNW. 
Cuftrin,  and  42  ENE.  Berlin.  Long.  13. 
35.  E.  Z,r/.  52.52.  N. 

Bact,  ice  Batt. 

Baeza,  or  Baegci,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Jaen.  It  was  anciently  the  fee 
of  a  bilhop,  removed  to  Jaen  in  the  year 
1219.  In  tlic  year  1146,  this  city  was  taken 
from  the  Moors  ;  in  1407,  the  Moors  l;:id 
fiege  to  it  v/ith  a  vaft  army,  and  burned  the 
fuburbs,  but  were  unable  to  make  tliemfelvcs 
mafters  of  the  town  at  that  time  ;  they  fuc- 
ceeded  foon  after,  and  held  it  till  in  the  year 
1489  it  was  recovered  after  a  long  fiegc  by 
King  Ferdinand.  Long.  3.  35.  W.  Lat. 
38.4.  N. 

Baeza,  a  town  of  Snutli-America,  in  the 
.audience  of  Quito,  built  in  the  year  1559, 
by  Giles  Ramira  dAvalo,  and  once  the  ca- 
pital of  the  province  of  Qliixos,  nov/  reduced 
to  a  fmall  village.     24  miles  SSE.  Quito. 

Baez'illoy  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  CafliJc. 
9  miles  from  Valladolid. 

Bafa,  or  Bofo,  or  B-jfon,  a  town  of 
Africa,  on  the  Grain  Coaft.  6  miles  SE. 
Sanguin.     Long.  8.  52  W.  Lat.  5.  10.  N. 

Bajjli,  a  feaport  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Cyprus,  fituated  on  the  v/eft  coaft,  near  the 
place  where  New  Paphos  ftood  ;  it  is  on  a 
rocky  eminence,  in  a  narrow  plain  on  the 
fea,  which  is  feparated  from  the  great  plain 
by  fbme  lov/  rockv  cliffs,  which  might  an- 
ciently be  waihed  by  the  fea  before  New 
Paphos  was  built.  Thefe  cliiFs  are  now  full 
of  fepulchral  grots,  which  doubllefs  were 
made  for  the  ufe  of  the  city.  To  the  weft 
of  the  town  there  is  a  point  of  land,  and 
the  old  port  was  to  the  fbuth-eaft  of  it,  in 
an  angle  made  by  a  fmall  promontory,  and 
was  fheltered  by  piers,  built  out  into  the 
fea,  fome  remains  of  which  are  ftill  to  be 
feen.  The  city  feems  to  have  been  to  the 
eaft  and  north  of  the  port ;  and  Dr.  Pocock 
obferved  a  very  large  foffe  cut  out  of  the 
rock  to  the  north  of  the  old  town,  where 
probably  tliey  dug  their  ftones  for  building. 
There  are  feveral  lofty  rooms  hewn  out  of 
the  rock,  and  many  fmall  apartments ;  one 
of  them  feems  to  have  fervcd  for  a  large 
ciftern,  there  being  a  hole  in  t;ie  top  to 
draw  up  the  water,  and  ftairs  down  to  it  cut 
out  of  the  rock;  it  is  probable  this  was 
filled  in  winter  by  an  aqueduft  from  the 
mountains,  of  which  there  arc  fome  remains 
near  the  town ;    by   this  means  the   city 


B  A  F 

piijrht  be  flipplied  with  good  water  in  the 
funimcr  time,  of  which  there  is  a  great  'car- 
city  i'l  the  iiland.  To  the  north  of  th-  port 
there  are  fome  (igns  of  an  ancient  temple, 
on  a  ground  raif-l  by  art.  Half  a  furlong 
tT  t'-eca^!-  of  this  there  are  foundations  of  a 
f  nailer  bull  Jin  :i  ')f  hewn  ftone  near  the  cor- 
ner of  the  port,  wh'ch  mightbe  either  a  tem- 
plf ,  or  othci  public  bijil'iog.  Farther  to  the 
call  are  the  remains  of  a  large  church,  which 
prnStbly  was  the  caihedral;  and  feens  to 
have  been  built  on  the  foundations  of  a  great 
temple  ;  for  there  are  fome  very  large  pil- 
lars of  grey  granite  new  ftanding  near  if, 
thev  are  about  three  feet  in  diameter,  and 
finely  poliOied  ;  both  the  temples  were  no 
doubt  dedicated  to  Vcr,us,  for  whofe  wor- 
fhip  this  city  was  famous.  This  place  pro- 
babU  began  to  be  conliderabie,  when  Pto- 
lemy, the  fonofLagus,  d.^molilhed  Citiuni, 
and  remnved  the  inhabitants  to  this  city  :  it 
was  almoft;  entirely  deftroyed  by  an  earth- 
quake, but  was  rebuilt  by  Auguftus,  and 
called  Augulla  in  honour  of  him.  Near  the 
ciftern  before  mentioned,  there  is  a  church 
under  ground,  cut  out  of  the  rock,  dedicated 
to  the  feven  (leepers  ;  and  in  the  town  there 
are  ruins  of  fevcral  churches  and  houfes, 
moft  of  which  are  uninhabited.  This  city 
is  famous  in  facred  hiftory,  for  being  ho- 
noured with  the  prefence  of  St.  Paul ;  and 
en  account  of  his  having  here  converted 
Sergius,  the^overnor  of  the  ifland,  to  Chriit- 
ianity.  Half  a  mile  to  the  eaft  of  this  place 
is  the  new  tov/n  of  BafFa,  where  the  governor 
relidcs  ;  new  Paphos  being  now  called  Old 
Bafia,  and  is  inhabited  only  by  a  few  Chrilf- 
ians,  and  by  a  fmr.ll  garrifon,  in  a  caftle  at 
the  port.  There  was  anciently  at  New 
Paphos  a  celebrated  meeting  once  a  year 
for  the  worfliip  of  Venus,  from  which  place 
they  went,  fixty  fladia  in  proceffion,  to  the 
Temple  of  Venus  at  the  port  of  Old  Pa- 
phos; where,  according  to  the  fables  of  the 
ancients,  that  goddcfs,  who  is  faid  to  have 
been  born  of  the  froth  of  the  fea,  came 
aniore  on  a  fiiell.  The  ruins  of  the  city, 
called  by  the  ancients  New  Paphos,  are  now 
known  by  the  nam.c  of  Old  Baffa,  where 
there  is  a  fmall  village  of  the  iame  name, 
ubout  a  mile  to  the  fouth  of  EafFa.  There 
arc  an  ;iga  and  fome  janizaries  who  live  at 
the  fort  in  tliis  place.  62  miles  WSW. 
Nicotia.  Lci'g.  32.  jj.  E.  Lat.  34. 
.56.N.__ 

B-iffm^j  Bay,  a  gulf  of  North-America,  fo 
Called  from  B.dlin,  an  Kngliihman,  who  dif- 
covcred  it  in  1616;  extending  about  750 
miles  from  eafl  to  weft,  and  180  from  north 
to  fouth.  l.oug.  45.  to  85.  W.  Lat.  70.  to 
79.  N.  nearly. 

//;,;,/;/•(.•/•',  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
province  of  Aladulia,  on  the  Black  Sea.  25 
milti  NW.  SamibuD, 


BAG 

Bajfou,  fee  Bafa. 

Bafruih,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Mazanderan.     14  miles  E.AmoI. 

Baga^  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Catalonia,  anciently  a  town  of  the  Ili- 
turges,  and  c:J!rd  Bergufia,  fituated  in  a. 
mountainous  country,  near  the  Lobregat.  16 
i'liles  NE.  Solfona. 

Baga,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
ofBulnm,  on  the  Scherbo.  Lj::g  10.  30. W, 
Lat.  7.  30  N. 

Bagel  Rey,  a  fm.all  ifland  near  the  eaft 
coaft  of  Luccn.  Long.  124.5.  E.  Lat.  13, 
27. N. 

Bagachiimpa-,  a  town  of  Bengal.  18  m. 
S.  Palamow. 

BagalacTiy  a  kingdom  of  the  ifland  of 
Java,  eaft  of  Sookapoora. 

Ba'^a^-'afit,  a  tov/n  of  Bengal.  14  miles 
NW.^NaL1<i. 

Bagaviaiiogy  a  fmall  iiland  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean.  Z>wij.  124. 39.E.  Lat.\\, 
18.  N. 

BagaTi,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
the  province  of  Servia.     20  miles  N.  Nifla. 

Baganga,  a  town  of  fiie  Iiland  of  Min- 
danao, fituated  on  the  eaft  coaft:.  Long. 
126.  lo.  E.  /-rt/.  7.  27.N. 

Baga-itza,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  joins  the 
river  Parma,  at  the  city  of  Parma. 

Baganzola,  a  tov/n  of  Italy,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Parma,  on  the  river  Pai  ma.  4  miles  N. 
Parma. 

Bagafka}-,  a  fmaU  ifland  in  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia,  on  the  eaft  coaft.  Long.  21.  13. 
E.  Lat.  61.  48- N. 

Bagaty  a  tov/n  of  France.  3  miles  W. 
Paris. 

Bagata,  one  of  the  fmaller  Phiilippine 
iflands,  near  the  fouth  coaft  of  the  iftand  of 
Lugon.     Z(?;/_2-.  123.  38.  E.  /.«•/.  12- 57.  N. 

Baghat,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
province  of  Sehaurunpour.  3a  miles  SW. 
Merat. 

Bag^ar.  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
27  miles  SSE.  Bahar. 

Bagdad,  a  city  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  on 
the  eafl  fide  of  the  Tigris.  It  is  computed 
to  be  about  one  tiioiifand  five  hundred  paces 
in  length,  feven  cr  eight  hundred  in  breadth, 
and  three  thuufard  in  circumference.  Its 
walls  are  of  briLk,  with  terraces,  and  large 
towers  at  proper  diftances,  in  form  of  baf- 
tions,  and  defended  by  about  fixty  pieces 
of  cannon.  The  caftle  is  large,  and  fianked 
by  fome  fmall  towers  with  cannon  ;  and  the 
garrifon  ufually  confifts  of  nine  hundred 
foot,  four  thoufand  horfe,  and  fixty  gunners. 
Tljc  inhabitants  are  thought  to  be  about 
fifteen  thoufand,  including  thofe  who  Jive 
in  a  fuburb,  on  the  otlv  r  fide  of  the  Tigris, 
at  the  end  of  rhe  biidge  of  boats,  which  is 
undone  every  night  10  prevent  a  furprize. 
Bagdad  was  built  out  of  the  ruins  of  the  Old 


BAG 


BAG 


Seleucia,  by  Mohiimnicd  II.  caliph  of  the 
Saracens,  who,  in  762,  made  it  the  capital  ot" 
his  kingdom.  It  loon  became  a  wc.ihhy 
and  populous  town,  and  continued  lb  till 
the  middle  of  the  thirteenth  century,  when 
the  famous  Kalloon,the  Tartar,  put  an  end 
to  it  by  the  death  of  the  caHph  and  iiis 
M'holc  family,  and  by  taking  and  dellroy- 
ing  this  metropolis.  It  loon,  however,  re- 
covered itfcif;  but  (mce  it  has  been  taken 
from  the  Periians  bv  the  Turks,  it  ret;iins 
very  little  of  its  ancient  (plendour.  It  Itill, 
rotwitiiftanding,  continues  to  be  a  pliice  of 
good  refort  for  all  the  commodities  of  Na- 
tdlia,  Syria,  Damai'cus,  Conftantinople,  Ara- 
bia, Perfia,  and  India ;  but  is  not  fo  popu- 
lous and  opulent  as  when  the  Periians  held 
it.  The  number  of  inhabitants  is  about 
40,000.  300  miles  NNW.  BalPora,  180  SE. 
Moful.     Loj!g.  4-^.  45.  E.  Lnf.  ;,2.  zo.  N. 

Bjge  le  Ckiltd,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  ofthe  Ain.  9  miles  S.  Pont  de 
Vaux. 

Bageau,  a  fmall  illand  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, near  the  coalt  of  France.  Lo7}g.  6.26. 
E.  Lat  43.  N. 

BngeleivjHg,  a  fmall  ifland  among  thofc 
called  Calaur  Iflands.  Lorjg.  120.  38.  E. 
jLat.  6.  25.  S. 

Bagenbon  Head,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  in 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  county  of  Wexford.  Long.  6.  52.  W. 
Lat.  52.  9.N. 

Bagehdon,  or  Baggcntitiy  a  village  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  ofGloucefter,  near  which 
a  battle  is  laid  to  have  been  fought  between 
the  Britons  and  Saxons,  in  the  year  556.  3 
miles  N.  Cirencefter. 

Bagera,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in 
the  province  of  Diarbekir.  14  miles  SSE. 
Harran. 

Bagerajfofi,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Allahabad,  on  the  Ganges.  30  miles  E. 
Gazypour. 

Bagcrvjan,  a  town  of  Turkifli  Armenia, 
10  miles  NNE.  Racca. 
■  Bagefa,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak,   on 
the  Tigris.    38  miles  NW.  Bagdad. 

Baggai,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Algiers,  anciently  called  Bagafi.  48  miles 
SSE.  Conftantina. 

Baggur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.     29  miles  SSE.  Bahar. 

Bagghobn,  a  fmall  ifland,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia,  near  the  well  coaft.  Lor.g.  21.42. 
E.  Lat.  65.  20.  N. 

Baggoah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  milesENE. 
Oliapour, 

Bagh  IViiffa,  a  town  of  Alia,  in  the 
country  of  Cabul,  on  the  Kameh.  55  miles 
Se.  Cabul. 

Baghermi,  fee  Begarniee. 

Baghilan.  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  Chorafan. 
(.0  miles  NE.  Herat. 
Vol.  I. 


Bag'ia,  a  town  of  Pcrda,  in  the  province 
of  Farfiftan.     izomiks  NE.  Sciiiras. 

Bagis-ah,  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Chorafan.     15  miles  N.  M-fchid. 

Ba.gtta>i,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  tlie  pro- 
vince ot  Segeftan.     no  miles  N.  Zareng. 

Bagiara,  or  Badjoura,  a  tov/n  of  Egypt, 
with  a  harbour  for  boats,  on  the  Nile,  fup- 
pofed  by  fome  to  be  the  ancient  Diofpolis. 
25  miles  S.  Girge. 

Baglana,  z  co\\x\ny  o[  India,  fituated  be- 
tween the  countries  of  Arungnb,  d,  Guzcrat, 
and  Candeifh.  It  is  exceedingly  mountain- 
ous, but  fertile  in  many  places. 

Bagidar,  a  town  of  Bengal.  6  miles  E. 
Dinagepour. 

Bagna,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
the  province  of  Servia.     20  m.  NE.  Parakin. 

Bagna  Cai-allo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lower  Po,  on  the  Seno, 
24  miles  SSE.  Ferrara. 

Bag?iagar,  fee  Hydrnhad. 

Bagnald,  a  town  of  France.  3  miles  E, 
Paris. 

Bagnalnka,  fee  Bajijaluka. 

Bagnara,  a  feaport  town  of  Naples,  in 
Calabria  Ultra,  deftroyed  by  an  earthquake 
in  the  year  1783.     14  miles  W.  Oppido. 

Bagnarea,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
Patrimonio,  the  fee  of  abilhop,  held  imme- 
diately under  the  Pope.  6  miles  S.  Orvieto. 
Long.  12. 10.  E.  Lnt.  42.  38. .N. 

Bagneres  de  Luchon,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Upper  Garonne, 
near  the  fource  ofthe  river  Garonne,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Pyrenees.  It  has  fome  medici- 
nal fprings.  60  miles  SW.  Thouloufe,  and 
7  S.  St.  Gaudcns. 

Bag?! ares  en  Bigorre,  a  town  of  France, 
and  principal  place  of  a  diftridf,  in  the  de- 
partlnent  ofthe  Higher  Pyrenees,  fituated 
on  the  Adour;  celebrat(fH  for  its  baths  and 
mineral  waters,  which  are  much  trequented 
in  fpring  and  autunm.  10  miles  S.  Tarbcs, 
and  25  SE.  Pau.  Long.  o.  14.  E.  Lat,  43. 
4.  N. 

Bagneux,  a  town  of  France.  4  miles  SSW. 
Paris. 

Bag7ii,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Romania.     40  miles  W.  Fdippopoli. 

Bagni,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Lavora.  8 
miles  S.  Sczza. 

Bagii'u  or  Aqua,  a  tov/n  of  Etruria.  1.5 
miles  E.  Leghorn. 

Bagni,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Macedonia,  on  the  river  Vardar.  44  miles 
NNE.  Akrida. 

Baj^ni  delta  Porretra,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  depanment  of  the  Reno,  celebrated  for 
its  baths.     18  miles  S.  Bologna. 

Bagno,  a  town  of  Etruria.  28  milesENE. 
Florence. 

Bagnola,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mclla,  8  miles  S.  Brelcia. 
N 


BAH 

BagnoJas,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Catalonia,  anciently  called  Aquae 
Voconis.     10  miles  NNW.  Gerona. 

Bagficlsy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gard.  6  miles  S.  Pont  St. 
Efprif.. 

Bagv.ols  les  Bains,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Lozerre.  8  miles  E. 
Mcnde. 

Bagnotarj,  a  river  of  the  ifland  of  Lu(;on, 
which  runs  into  the  Chinefe  Sea,  Long, 
I20.  45»E.  Lat,  17.  15.  N. 

Bdgnuolo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Prin- 
cipato  Ultra.     la  miles  W.  Conza. 

Bago,  a  re  wn  on  the  well  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Ncgi OS.  hong.  122.  s4-^'  hat. 
II.  O.N. 

Bagollno,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Benaco.     24  miles  N.  Brcfcia. 

Bcigoncotty,  a  town  of  Thibet.  15  miles 
S.  Gangotri. 

Bagoue,  a  town  of  Hindooffan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     6  miles  N.  Oudighir. 

BagongnenoHy  two  of  thcLacadiveiflands, 
in  the  Eaftern  Indian  Sea,  lying  near  each 
other.     Long.  71.56.E.  Lat.  11.  N. 

Bagora,  a  town  of  Hinduoffan,  in  Bahar. 
ao  miles  NNW.  Chuprah.  Zw/^.  84.41. 
E-  Laf.  26.  2._  N. 

Bdgoros,  a  liver  of  Brafil,  which  runs  into 
the  Adantic,  Lat.  22.5.  S. 

Bagroo,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  rifes  in 
Guinea,  and  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long, 
11.40.W.  Z<7/.  7.  40.  N. 

Bagru,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Agi- 
merc.  20  miles  SW.  Jyepour. 

Bagszi-lar,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Bu;;;;aria.  20  miles  NE.  Ternova,  and  42 
SSE,  Rufcck. 

Bagwii:,  afmall  ifland,  in  the  Eaff -Indian 
Sea,  near  the  north  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Bor- 
neo.    Lo7ig.  118.  :<)y  E.  Lmt.  6.  2.  N. 

Bagui,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Niphon.     20  miles  W.  Nolo. 

Bagupour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gu- 
zerat.     27  miles  E.  Surat. 

Bagufronv,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Guzeiat.     18  miles  E.  Junagar. 

Bah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Agra.     30  miles  SE.  Agra. 

Iial\iy  a  town  of  Nubia.  50  miles  SE. 
Sennaar. 

Buhalatolisy  a  fmall  ifland,  in  the  Eaft- 
Indian  Sea,  near  the  Eaft  coaft  of  Borneo. 
I-ong.  118.  2 I.E.  Lat.  5.45.N. 

Bahama,  or  Lucaya  Ijlands,  in  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  near  the  eaft  coaft  of  North- 
America,  one  of  which  was  the  hrlt  land 
difcovered  by  Columbus,  on  the  ifland  called 
by  the  Indians  Guanahani ;  Columbus  gave 
it  the  name  of  St.  Salvador,  but  made  no 
fcttlenient.  Captain  W.  Sayle,  in  1667, 
bcmg  bound  to  Carolina,  was  forced  among 
thcfc  illunds,  which  jrave  him  an  opportu- 


B  A  H 

nity  of  examining  them  carefully,  particu- 
larly a  large  ifland  to  which  he  gave  his 
own  narne ;  but  fince  called  Providence. 
From  the  report  he  made,  grants  were  made 
to  proprietors,  but  the  government  was  re» 
ferved  in  the  hands  of  the  crown.  There 
are  a  great  number  of  thefe  iflands ;  fome 
fay  500,  but  many  mere  rocks,  and  others, 
on  account  of  the  difficulty  of  the  naviga- 
tion, little  known.  The  principal  are  Ba- 
hama, Eleuthera,  Lucayoneque,  Yuma  or 
Exuma, Providence,  and  Guanahani.  They 
are  in  general  fertile,  with  a  foil  (imilar  to 
South-Carolina.  They  were  taken  by  the 
Spaniards  in  the  year  1782,  but  retaken  the 
year  following.     LoJig.  73.  to  81.  W.  Lat. 

22.  to  27.  N. 

Bahama,  the  chief  of  the  Bahama  iflands, 
which  gives  name  to  the  whole,  63  miles' 
long,  and  about  9  wide.  Though  this  ifland 
is  well  watered,  the  foil  fertile,  and  the  air 
ferene,  yet  it  is  inhabited  only  by  few  peo- 
ple, who  fubfift  by  felling  neceffaries  to  ihips 
which  the  currents  drive  on  their  coafts.  It 
formerly  produced  guaiacum,  farfaparllla, 
and  red  wood  ;  all  which  the  Spaniards  are 
faid  to  have  deftroyed.  57  miles  from  the 
coaft  of  Eaft -Florida.  Long.  78. 10.  to  80. 
24.  W.  Lat.  26.  40.  to  o.-].  5.  N. 

Bahama  Straits,  the  narrow  fea  between 
the  coaft  of  America,  and  the  Bahama 
iflands,  135  miles  long,  and  46  broad;  ge- 
nerally called,  and  hetter  known  by  the 
name  of  the  Gulf  of  Florida. 

Bahama  Bank,  Great,  a  land  extending 
from  near  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  Lat.  22.  20. 
to  the  Bahama  iflands,  Lat.  26.  15.  N. 

Bahama  Bank,  Little,  a  fand  which  lies 
to  the  north  of  the  ifland  of  Bahama. 

Bahar,  a  country  of  Hindooftan,  bounded 
on  the  eaft  by  Bengd,  on  the  north  by 
Nepal  and  Morung,  on  the  fouth  by  OrifTa, 
and  on  the  weft  by  Oude  and  Allahabad  ; 
2JO  miles  from  north  to  fouth,  and  2cc  from 
eaft  to  weft.  It  is  divided  into  feveral  fmal- 
ler  provinces  or  circars,  fuch  as  Bahar  Pro- 
per, Boujepour,  Rotas,  Bettiah,  Tyroot, 
Hajipour,  and  Sarun.  It  produces  wheat, 
rice,  peafe,  &c.  but  the  principal  article  of 
export  is  falt-pctre.  The  province  or  cir- 
car  of  Bahar  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
Ganges,  on  the  eaft  by  Curruckpour,  on  the 
fouth-eaft  by  Ghidore  and  Moy,  on  the 
fouth  by  Ramgur  and  Palamow,  and  on  the 
weft  by  Rotas  and  Boujepour.  Patna  is  the 
capital. 

Bahar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  and  once 
the  capital  of  a  country,  to  which  it  gives 
name  ;  remarkable  for  the  number  of  mag- 
nificent funeral  monuments.  30  miles  SE. 
Patna,  and  220  NW.  Calcutta.  Lo7!g.  85. 
45.  E.  //^/.  25.  14.N. 

Bahar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
22  miles  N.  ManickiX)ur. 


Bah 

l^ahar,  or  Bi.izery  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the 
province  of  Kernian.     40  m.  SE.  Sirgian. 

Baharbur.dy  a  province  or  circar  of  Ben- 
gal, bounded  on  the  E.  by  Rangamatty, 
and  Curribarry,  on  the  ibuth  by  Patladali, 
on  the  weft  by  Rungpour  and  Bajoohow; 
about  25  miles  long,  and  16  broad.  Olia- 
pour  is  the  chief  town. 

Baharoiv,'x  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Birboom.    8  miles  N.  Nagore. 

Bakaryy  a  town  of  Nubia.  15  miles  NE. 
Sennaar. 

Bahas,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  near 
the  Red  Sea.  16  miles  NNW.  Loheia. 
Lat.  15.  59.  N. 

Bahatrkally,  a  town  of  Cochin,  with  a 
pagoda.     2;  miles  SSE.  Cochin. 

Bahbelt,  iee  Balbeit. 

Bahbelgong,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Baglana  country,  on  the  Godavcry.  66 
miles  E.  Nadlick,  and  65  W.  Aurungabad. 
Long.  74.  52.  E.  Lat.  19.  43.  N. 

Buhder-gitfige,  a  town  of  Hindooil-an,  in 
Oude,  on'the  left  bank  of  the  Ganges.  6 
miles  NW.  Manickpour. 

Bahdergimge,  a  town  of  Bengal.  30 
NNE.  Purneah. 

Bahiiareally,  a  town  of  Bengal.  13  miles 
SSE.  Midnapour. 

Bakdy,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Allaha- 
bad.    16  miles  N.  Jionpour. 

Bahheret  Liit,  the  Dead  Sea,  fo  called  by 
the  Arabians. 

Bahhrein,  aclufter  of  idands  in  the  fouth- 
wefl  corner  of  the  Perfian  gulf,  near  the 
coall:  of  Arabia,  celebrated  for  their  pearl 
filliery.  The  chief  of  thefe  iflands  are 
Aval,  or  Awal,  otherwife  called  Bahhrein, 
from  the  name  of  its  principal  town  by 
much  the  largeft,  Samalie,  and  Arad  or 
EnncbiSalehhjbelides  i'everalfmaller.  Thefe 
iflands  once  belonged  to  the  Portuguefe ;  bat 
when  they  were  driven  from  the  gulf,  the 
iflands  were  feized  by  the  Shech  of  Lachfa, 
who  was  foon  compelled  to  furrender  them 
to  the  governor  of  Ormuz,  by  whom  it  w.is 
ceded  to  Perfia.  The  Perfians  and  Arabs 
have  been  alternate  maflers,  and  at  prefent 
they  belong  to  the  Shech  of  Buflieer.  They 
have  been  long  celebrated  for  their  pearl 
filhery,  and  are  fo  to  this  day  ;  but  as  a  tribe 
of  Arabs  pay  no  duty,  the  revenue  arifing  to 
the  Shech  is  much  Icfs  confiderable  than  it 
formerly  was,  amounting  together  with  that 
of  dates  to  about  a  lack  of  rupees  annually  ; 
not  more  than  fufficient  to  fupport  the  forti- 
fications, and  maintain  the  garrifon  and  offi- 
cers. The  inhabitants  of  the  iflands  are 
Shiites,  and  fpeak  the  Arabic  language. 
Mr.  Niebulir  fays,  he  was  aifured  by  ieveral 
perfons,  that  about  thefe  iflands,  at  fome  dis- 
tance from  the  coaft,  at  the  depth  of  two 
fathoms  and  a  half,  they  had  found  good 
fpring  water,  and  that  the  fifliermen  fre- 

N;i 


BAH 

qucntly  dived  to  the  bottom  of  the  giilf  to 
filltheir  bonles.  Zo//^.48.E.  Lat.  26.  45.  N. 

Bahhrein,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Aval, 
in  the  Perfian  gulf;  and  being  the  chief 
town,  the  whole  ifland  is  alfu  called  Bahh- 
rein. The  Perlians  come  hither  to  acquire 
the  Arabian  language,  fo  that  it  is  called  the 
univcrfity  of  the  Shiites.  It  is  fortified,  and 
contains  a  garrifon.  Lcjig.  43.  20.  E. 
Z-^/.  36.  34-  N- 

Bahhrein,  fee  yfval. 

Bahia,  or  Bahia  de  Todos  Scjfitos,  a  fea- 
port  of  Brafil,fituatcd  on  the  right  fide  of  All- 
Saints'  Bay,  the  fee  of  an  arclibifliop.  The 
metropolitan  church  is  conflrudfed  of  Euro- 
pean marble,  and  richly  ornamented.  Be- 
fides  this,  there  are  feveral  other  churches, 
a  college,  and  many  chapels  and  mon;ifte- 
ries.  It  is  the  relidcnce  of  a  governor  ge- 
neral, whofe  power  is  nearly  abfolute. 
There  are  feveral  forts  and  batteries  to 
defend  the  city.  The  troops  of  the  city 
ainount  to  about  5000;  and  the  inhabitants 
of  the  city  and  fuburbs  to  more  than  ioo,ooo> 
of  whom  30,000  are  whites,  30,000  people 
of  colour,  and  the  reft  negroes.  The  reve- 
nues of  government  are  partly  derived  from 
thehigh  duties  on  merchandize;  the  import 
duties  amount  to  near  30  per  cent,  and  fome 
of  the  exports,  efpeciaily  thofe  of  tobacco, 
are  very  high  ;  but  the  principal  fource  of 
income  is  from  the  produce  of  the  gold  and 
diamond  mines,  and  the  Brafil  wood,  which 
pals  folely  through  the  hands  of  government. 
The  chief  trade  is  with  Lift»on  and  Oporto, 
in  which  about  50  veflels  are  employed. 
Thefe  veflels  fupply  the  colony  with  Euro- 
pean and  Indian  manufatSures,  wine,  iiour, 
bacalhao,  cheefe,  fait,  &c.  and  receive  in 
return  cotton,  fug^ar,  coffee,  tobacco,  and  a 
variety  of  woods,  gums,  and  balfams.  The 
province  or  government  of  Bahia  occupies 
50  leagues  of  coaft,  chieliy  in  the  environs 
oi  the  bay. 

Bahia,  a  province  of  the  ifland  of  Lucon 
or  Manilla,  which  takes  its  name  from  a  lake 
fo  called,  90  miles  in  circumference. 

Bahia  das  Ahdeas,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic, 
on  the  weft  coaft  of  Africa.    Lat.  15.  50.  S. 

Bahia  de  Cor  be:,  fee  Philippine  Bay. 

Bahia  Farta,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Africa.  10  miles  S. 
Benguela. 

Bahia  fin  Fo7ido  ,{Qt  Bottomlefs  Bay. 

Bahia  Longa,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa.     Lat.  10.  46.  S. 

Bahia  de  Todos  Santos,  fee  /Ill-Saints 
Bay. 

Bahia  da  Torre,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Africa.     Lat.  11.  50.  S. 

Bahikand,  atown  of  Pcrfia,in  the  province 
of  Chorafan.    15  miles  W.  Neflapour. 

Bahira,  or  Rif,  the  northern  diftriil  of 
Egypt*  which  extends  from  the  divilioa  yf 


BAH 

the  Nile  into  the  eaft  and  weft  branches,  on 
both  fides  to  the  Mediterranean.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Alexandria,  Rofetta,  Dami- 
.  etta,  Mcnuf,  Manfoura,  Tineh,  Catieh,  and 
i''aoua. 

Bahlingen,  a  town  of  ^^'urtembcrg,  on 
the  Eyach.  lo  miles  NE.  Rothweil,  and 
-,6  S.  Stuttgart.     Long.  8. 53.  E.     Lcit.  48. 

Bakvwr,  a  town  of   Bengal,     ai    miles 
•    IsW.  Dinagcpour. 

Baku,  or  Bahnai,  a  town  of  Hinder  Po- 

merania.     20  miles  SSW.  Stargard,  32  N. 

.  Cuftrin.     Long.  14-  50- E.  Lat.  si-  10. N. 

'  Bahoo,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Laliore, 

15  miles  SE.  Junimoo. 

Bahooan,  a  Imall  ifland   in   the  Sooloo 
•Archipelago.     Lor.g.   120.  58.  E.  Lat.  6. 
9.  N. 

Baho(yr,  a  town  of  Hmdooftan,  m  the  Car- 
natic.     8  miles  S.  Pondicherry. 

Bahr  el  Ahiad,  i.  e.  tke  White  River,  a 
river  of  Africa,  which  Mr.  Brown  and  fome 
others  fuppofe  to  be  the  principal  itream  of 
the  Nile,  rather  than  the  eaftern  branch, 
whofe  fource  was  vifited  by  Mr.  Bruce. 
According  to  late  difcovcries,  it  appears  that 
the  Bahr  el  Abiad  rifes  in  the  country  of 
Donga  from  the  mountains  of  the  Moon, 
called  Al  Komri.  Mr.  Horneman  was  in- 
formed that  tliis  river  was  a  continuation  of 
the  Niger;  but  this,  Major  Rennel,  whofe 
r.uthority  is  of  great  weight,  will  not  admit. 
It  joins  the  Ethiopian  Nile  at  Toutti,  in 
.  Nubia. 

Bahr  Balavie,  or  Bahr  Bellcmah,  \.  e. 
Sea  ivithcHt  I'/ater,  a  valley  of  Egypt,  in 
which  is  fuppofcd  to  liave  been  a  canal  of 
comnumication  between  lake  Mseris  and 
lake  Mareotis.  In  this  valley  eagle  Ifoncs 
are  found;  and  the  rocks  appear  in  liich 
ihapcs,  that  the  inhabitants  fay  they  are  pe- 
trified fliips. 

Bahr  Ihn  Minghi,  fee  Sh^cih  lake. 

Bahr  Jofeph,  fee  Kalits  il  Minhi. 

Bahr  el  SoivJa,  the  lake  of  iVntioch. 

Bahra,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  province 
of  Palamow.     20  miks  NNE.  Palamow. 

'  BahrabaJ,  a  town  of  Pevfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Choral.in.     10  miles  N.  Sebfvar. 

Bahraitch,  a  province  of  Oude,  bounded 
on  tlie  no.th  by  Thibet,  on  the  ealt  by 
Goorackpour,  011  the  louth  by  Oude  Pro- 
l)cr,  and  on  the  welt  by  Kairabad,  from 
both  lalt  of  which  it  is  fcparatcd  bv  the 
Dewah  or  Gogra ;  about  120  miles  long, 
and  70  broad.  Bahraitch,  or  Burriagc,  is 
the  caj^ital. 

Bahraitch,  a  town  of  Bengal,  and  capital 
of  a  circar  in  Oude.     52  miles  NW.  Fyza- 
biiil,  and  236  ESE.  Delhi.     Long.  82.  E. 
,.     I.at.  27.  N. 

._   ,  Bahr?!,  or  Beraun,  a  town  of  M>-ravia,  in 
the  circle  of  Oliiiut^.     J4  ml  NE.  Ohiiutz. 


B  AH 

Bahrenlurg,  a  town  of  Germany,  'in  tlie 
circle  of  Weflphalia,  and  county  of  Hoya, 
on  the  river  Suhlingen.  14  miles  WSW. 
Hoya. 

Bahugotfy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Moultan.  10  m.  NE.  Toulomba. 
Bahus,  or  Bohus,  a  province  or  govern- 
ment of  Sweden,  bounded  on  the  north  by 
Norway,  on  the  eaft  and  fouth  by  Weft 
Gothland,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  North 
Sea.  It  takes  its  appellation  from  a  fortrefs 
built  on  a  rock  in  the  Gotha  Elbe,  about  the 
year  1309,  by  Haquin  IV.  king  of  Norway, 
with  which  country  it  pafled  to  the  kings  of 
Denmark,  by  whom  it  was  ftrongly  fortified. 
In  1658,  by  the  treaty  of  Rofcbild,  it  was 
ceded  to  Sweden.  The  land  is  fertile,  and 
much  interieded  by  rivers  and  lakes,  which 
yield  plenty  of  excellent  fifli.  The  princi- 
pal commodities  for  exportation  are  fifh, 
wood,  pitch,  lime,  tallow,  and  hides.  The 
fortrefs  is  near  Konghell,  10  miles  N. 
Gothd)urg. 

Bahyfaivanny,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Agimere.     15  miles  S.  Jalour. 

Baja,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  river 
Danube.  50  miles  NNW.  Peter  Waradin, 
83  S.  Buda. 

Baia,  or  Baias,  or  Bai.r,  an  ancient 
town  of  Naples,  in  the  Campania,  now  the 
province  of  Lavora,  fituated  in  a  bay  of  the 
gulf  of  Naples,  and  celebrated  as  one  of 
the  moft  delicious  places  in  Italy,  or  accord- 
ing to  Horace,  in  the  world :  the  port  was 
deep  and  Iheltered  from  winds,  and  the 
tov/n  built  dole  to  it  on  the  fea  lliore.  It 
is  laid  to  derive  its  name  from  Baius,  one  of 
the  companions  of  Ulyfles,  who  was  buried 
there.  The  vaft  number  of  illuftrious  Ro- 
mans who  reiided  here,  rendered  it  rich  and 
flouriihing ;  but  the  Lombards,  and  after- 
wards the  Saracens,  deftroyed  it  fo  com- 
pletely, that  nothing  remains  ot  the  town 
but  fome  low  cottages,  and  the  pavement  of 
a  itreet  extending  along  the  Ihore.  Don 
Pedro  de  Toledo,  viceroy  under  Charles  V. 
erc(5ted  a  caftle  on  a  hill  to  defend  the 
entrance  of  the  harbour ;  and  rather  more 
than  a  century  fince  a  fmall  fort  was  built 
in  the  lea,  which  is  joined  to  the  fliore  by  a 
bridge,  a  miles  W.  Pozzuolo,  and  11  W. 
Naples. 

Balabad,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  ill 
Natolia.     28  miles  SE.  Kaftamoni. 

Baiac,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Na- 
tolia.    30  miles  SE.  Kiutaja. 

Bajapoiir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
glana,  on  the  Godavcry.  20  miles  E.  Bah- 
belgong. 

Baias,  or  Bai.r,  a  town  of  Syria,  fituated 
at  the  NE.  corner  of  the  bayof  Alexandrettr, 
generally  believed  to  be  the  ancient  Ifl'us. 
There  is  a  little  bay  to  the  north  of  the  town, 
whcie  there  are  ruins  of  an  ancient  port,  in 


B  A  I 


B  A  I 


which  the  fhips  might  polTibly  lie  ftcuio  in 
former  times  ;  bat  now  it  is  ;i  very  bad  har- 
bour, being  much  expoled  to  the  ibntli-vvef!: 
winds,  uhich  are  very  dangerous;  on  the 
fouth  hde  of  it  tliere  is  a  mountain  torrent, 
which  comes  from  that  opening,  by  which 
there  is  an  afcent  to  the  gates  of  Amanus; 
this  is  the  middle  way  of  the  three  mentioned 
into  Cihcia.  The  bed  of  this  torrent  is  fup- 
pofed  to  have  been  the  bounds  between  Ci- 
licia  and  Syria,  with  thofe  who  make  all 
fouth  of  Illus  to  be  in  Syria.  Cicero  men- 
tions in  one  of  his  epilfles,  that  he  was  here 
called  Irnperator,  after  he  had  gained  a  vic- 
tory. The  plain,  to  the  well  of  the  moun- 
tains in  which  Baias  Hands,  is  not  above  a 
mile  wide,  but  is  a  line  Ipot;  and  the  gar- 
dens about  Baias  are  the  bell  in  all  thefe 
countries,  inlbmuch  that  Aleppo  is  fupplied 
with  oranges  and  lemon-;  from  this  place: 
they  have  a  tolerable  trade.  To  the  north 
of  Baias  is  the  famous  pafs  into  Afia  Minor. 
The  plain  in  which  Baias  ftands  is  about 
two  miles  long;  at  the  fouth  end  of  it  there 
is  a  riling  ground  or  low  hill,  over  which 
there  is  a  road  for  about  a  mile,  that  leads 
into  a  plain  three  quarters  of  a  mile  wide, 
and  about  a  mile  and  a  half  long,  having 
the  mountains  to  the  eait,  and  the  fea  to  the 
weft;  at  the  fuuth  end  of  it  are  fome  low 
hills  which  extend  four  miles  to  the  Ibuth, 
almoft  as  far  as  Scanderoon.  This  Dr.  Po- 
cock  takes  to  be  the  very  plain  in  which 
Alexander  vanquiflied  Darius. 

BajijziJ,  a  town  of  Turkiili  Armenia. 
50  miles  SSW.  Erivan,  and  140  E.  Erzerum. 
L,ong.  43.  45.  E.  hat.  39.  24.  N. 

Biubachta,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the  river 
Irtifch.     72  miles  NVV.  Tara. 

Baibai,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Leyta.  I'Oiig.  124.  40.  E.  Lat. 
JO.  42.  N. 

Baibazar,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia,  on  the  Sakaria.  46  miles  W.  An- 
gora, and  40  S.Buli.  Long.  32.  19.  E.  Lat. 
39.  48.  N. 

Biziboul,  a  town  of  Turklfli  Armenia.  45 
miles  S.  Trebifond. 

Baiboicrdi,  a  town  of  Turkifh  Armenia, 
on  the  Black  Sea.  45  miles  N.  Erzerum, 
and  75  ESE.  Trebifond.  Long.  40.  51.  E. 
Lat.  40.41.  N. 

Baiburt,  a  town  of  Turkifh  Armenia.  70 
miles  SE.  Trebifond. 

Baicha,  two  rivers  of  Siberia,  fo  called, 
which  run  into  the  Turuchan.  One  32,  the 
other  56  miles  NW.  Turuchan flc. 

Baidcah,  a  valley  of  Egypt,  in  the  great 
road  from  Cairo  to  Suez,  which  Dr.  Shaw 
thinks  was  the  road  which  the  children  of 
Ifrael  took  in  their  departure  from  Egypt. 
Suez  is  iituated  at  the  northern  exircmiiy. 

Baidha,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  province 
©flledjas.     30  miles  N\V.  Vadilkova. 


Baidj'ck'i!,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  I.ithuanin, 
on  the  north  fide  of  the  Pi(ia.  4- miles  E. 
Gumbinnen. 

Bate  Frapxaife^  fee  Frerich  Bay. 

Bajei/iddi-y  fee  Begcmbcr. 

Bajera,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Diarbekir.  30  miles  SSE. 
Orfa. 

Bajctpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  26  miles 
ENE.  Calcutta. 

Bajctpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  42  miles 
NE.  Dacca. 

Bajctpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
ENE".  Nagore. 

Baigar,  a  town  of  Afia,  in  the  country 
of  Gaur.     45  miles  NW.  Bamian. 

Baigncs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depaft- 
ment  of  the  Charentc.  8  miles  S.  Barbefieux. 

Baigncanx-lcs-yicifs,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Cote  d'Or.  15 
miles  NE.  Semur  en  Auxois. 

Baiguvignv.ge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.     20  miles  W.  Fyzahad. 

Bajitpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.  60  miles  ESE.  Hajypour.  Long.Zb. 
26.  E.  Lat.  25.  22.  N. 

Baikal,  a  lake  of  Siberia,  or  inland  fea; 
320  miles  in  length,  and  20  in  breadth,  in- 
terfperfcd  v/ith  illunds.  It  contains  a  great 
many  fiih,  pariicularlv  fturgeons,  pikes,  and 
fea-dogs.  In  the  environs  arQ  feveral  ful- 
phureous  fprings,  and  in  one  part,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  ri\  er  Barguzin,  it  diieharges  a 
kind  of  pitch,  which  the  inhabitants  purity. 
The  water  is  Iwcet,  tranlparent,  and  ap- 
pears at  a  diftance  green  like  the  fea.  Per- 
lons  who  travel  from  Siberia  to  China,  ci  jfs 
this  lake,  and  are  often  frightened  by  rlie 
violent  Itorms  which  happen,  parti-'.ilarly 
from  September  to  May  ;  from  J;:ni:;iry  to 
April  it  is  frozen  over.  ?/Iany  rivers  run 
into  it,  but  the  Angara  is  the  only  one  by 
which  it  fccmsto  dileharge  its  waters.  Lo?!g. 
io4.toiic.  E.    Z/<7/.  51.20    to  55.  20.  N. 

Baikal'jva,  a  town  of  kullia,  in  tiie  go- 
vernment of  Kolivan.  iizni.  SSE.Abakanik. 

Bailaca)!,  a  town  of  Porfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Adirbeitzan,  rebuilt  by  Timur  Bee. 
ICO  miles  N.  Tabris. 

Bailan,  a  to^^■n  or  village  of  Syria,  built  on 
the  declivity  of  two  mountains  ;  the  liouies 
are  fo  difpofedthat  the  terraces  of  the  lower 
ferve  as  Itreets  and  courts  to  thofe  above. 
It  lies  on  the  road  from  Alexandretra  to 
Aleppo,  and  is  much  commended  for  the 
iklubrity  of  its  air.  9  miles  E.  Alexandretta, 
and  20  N.  Antioch. 

Bailde?!,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  Wefl 
Riding  of  Yorkfliire.  In  1801,  the  number 
of  inhabitants  was  1719,  of  whonv454  were 
employed  in  trade  and  manufactures,  j 
miles  N.  Bradford. 

Bailcfi,  a  town  of  Walachia,  on  the  Da-. 
nube.     -JO  miles  SE.  Viddin. 


B  A  I 

Balky' i  Cr£^/{,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
runs  into  James  River,  LoJig.  77.  27.  W. 
Lat.  37.  14.  N. 

■  Baiileau  I'EtK-quey  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Eure  and  Loir.  .  4 
miles  NW.  Chartres. 

Baillce,  a  town  of  Fiance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayenne.  13  miles  NE.  Cha- 
teaugontier. 

Ballleul,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  North  ;  it  was  formerly  forti- 
fied, but  is  now  without  defence.  9  miles 
ESE.  Caflel,  and  13  WNW.  Lille. 

Ballleul,  a  town  ot  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sarte.  6  miks  from  La  Fleche. 

Bailyborougk,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Cavan.  14  miles  SE.  Cavan,  and 
42  NW.  Dublin. 

Baillyhurg,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Weltmannland. 

Bahndpour,  a  town  of  HIndooflan,  in 
Vifiapour.     14  miles  E.  Sattarah. 

Baiii,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftrid,  in  the  department  of  the 
Ille  and  Vilaine.  ^^  miles  SW.  Vitre,  and 
16  S.  Rennes.    Long,  i.  36.  W.    Lat.  47. 

Baiu  Conga,  a  river  of  Hindoofl-an,  which 
runs  into  the  Godavery,  in  the  Nizam's 
cointry.  Long.  80.  15. E.  Lat.  18.  48-  N. 

Bahider,  a  town  of  Aiiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.    44  miles  E.  Boli. 

Bahidt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Swabia,  on  the  Schuls,witha  princely 
nbbey,  founded  in  1240.  This  abbey  pays 
four  florins  for  a  Roman  month,  and  is 
tiMedto  the  chamber  of  Wetzlar,  i3rix-dol- 
lars,  46  kreutzers.  6  miles  NNE.  Ravenf- 
burg.     Long.  9.  42.  E.  Lat.  4  7- 54-  N. 

Baine,  a  river  of  England,  in  Lincoln- 
fliire,  which  paifes  by  ihett>wns  ofllorncaf- 
tlc,  Tatterfal,  &:c.  and  joins  the  Vv'elland 
near  the  lall-mcntioncd  town. 

Bainetta,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Stura,  on  the  Orobio.  6  miles 
SE.  Coni,  and  8  AVSW.  Mondovi. 

Bains,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Voiges.  7  miles  W.  Plonibiers, 
and  9  SE.  Darney. 

Bajo  de  Comboi,  a  Imall  ifland  in  the  Ca- 
libbean  Sea.  Lo?jg.  77.  36.  W.  Lat.  15. 
26.  N. 

Bajo  Nuevo,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Carib- 
bean Sea.  L(.ng.  7S.  36.  W.  Lat.  15-  54.  N. 

Bajolo,  a  can;;],  formed  of  a  branch  ot  the 
JVlincio,  wiiich  furrounds  the  city  of  Mantua. 
-  Baioiniii,  lee  Baym.a. 

Bajoohoiw  a  province  of  Bengal,  bounded 
en  the  north-tall:  by  Rungpour,  on  the  eaft 
Bahaibund,  and  cllewhcre  by  Goragot : 
about  13  miles  long,  and  10  broad.  Jalal- 
gunge  is  the  chief  town. 

Ba'ipia,  a  town  ot  New  Mexico,  in  New 
Nuvarre.     i(xs  miles  SW.  Cafa  Grande 


.     B  A  I 

Balrout,  or  Bayreuth,  2  feaport  towTi  of 
Syria,  anciently  Berytus.     Augullus  placed 
here  a  Roman  colony,  and  called  it  after  his 
daughter,  with  the  epithet  of  Happy,  nam- 
ing it  Colonia  Felix  Julia.     This  town  was 
taken  from  the  Saracens  by  Baldwin,  king  of 
Jerufalem,  after  a  vigorous  fiege,  in  the  year 
1 1 II,  and  was  retaken  by  Saladin  in  1187  ; 
it  was  often  taken  and  retaken  during  the 
holy  war.    This  city  was  anciently  a  place 
ofltudy,  more  efpecially  of  the  civil  law; 
and  particularly  about  the  time  that  Chrilti- 
anity  began  to  be  pubiickly  eftabliflied.     It 
is  fituated  over  the  fea,   on  a  gentle  riling 
ground,  on  the  north  fide  of  a  broad  pro- 
montory.   The   gardens  on  the  hanging- 
ground  over  it  have  a  beautiful  appearance. 
The  old  port  is  a  fmall  bay,  and  was  well 
fecured  by  ftrong  piers,  which  were  deftroy'- 
ed  by  Falkr  el  Din,   or  Fecker  Dine,  who 
had  poflcflion  of  this  city  ;  and  his  fuccef. 
for?,  the  princes  of  the  Drufes,  have  moft 
of  them  been  governors  of  it,  till  the  Turks 
thought  proper  to  take  it  out  of  their  hands. 
It  ftill  continues,  however,  to  be  the  empo- 
rium of  the  Maronites  and  the  Drufes,  wherft 
they  export  their  cottons  and  hlks,  almoft 
all  of  which  are  deflined  for  Cairo.  In  return 
they  receive  rice,  tobacco,  coflf"ee,  andfpecie, 
which  they  exchange  again  for  corn.    This 
commerce  maintains  near  6000  perfons.  The 
dialed  cf  the  inhabitants  is  the  moll:  corrupt 
of  any  in  the  country  ;  it  unites  in  itfelf  the 
twelve  faults  enumerated  by  Arabian  gram- 
marians.   The  port  of  Bairout  is  choaked 
up  with  fands  and  ruins.    The  town  is  fur- 
rounded  by  aXvall,  the  foft  and  fandy  ftone 
of  which  may  be  pierced  by  a  cannon-ball 
without  breaking  or  crumbling,  which  was 
unfavourable  to  the  RuiTians  in  their  attack; 
but  in  other  refpeds  this  wall  and  its  old 
towers  arc  dtfencelefs.   Two  inconveniences 
will  prevent  Bairout  from  ever  becoming  a 
place  of  ftrength  ;  for  it  is  commanded  by 
a  chain  of  hills  to  the  ibuth-eafl:,  and  is  en- 
tirely deffitute  of  water,  which  the  women 
are  obliged  to  fetch  from  a  well  at  the  dif- 
tance  of  half  a  quarter  of  a  league,  though 
it  is  but  inditTerent.     By  digging,  in  order 
to  form  refervoirs,  fubterraneous  ruins  have 
been   difcovered,  by  which  it  appears  that 
the  modern  town  is  built  on  the  ancient  one. 
Bailout  is  the   chief  town    of  the  Drufes, 
Zc;;^.  35.  32.  E.  Z^/.  33.  4j.  N. 

Baiji,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Garonne,  near  Aiguillon. 

Bait,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
30  mites  W.  Fyzabad. 

Baitnah,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Algiers.    50  miles  Conftantina. 

Baiffida,  a  town  of  Paleltine,  about  two 
miles  from  the  lake  of  Tiberias,  anciently 
called  Bethlaida.    Here  are  ruins  of  a  largq 


B  A  K 


B  A  K 


ciftern,  a  church,  and  other  buildings,  az 
miles  ESE.  Acre. 

Baix,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ardcche.     7  miles  SE.  Privas. 

Baiza,  a  town  of  Per(i;i,  in  the  province 
of  Farfiftan.     25  miles  NE.  Schiraz. 

Baize,  a  town  of  tlie  county  of  Tyrol.  8 
miles  S.  Trent. 

Baize,  fee  Baifc. 

Bakal,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Upha.   96  miles  WNVV.  Upha. 

Bakalarzc'x'et!,  a  town  of  Lithuania.  50 
miles  NW.  Grodno. 

Bakiaii  a  large  town  of  Afia,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Burmah,  or  Ava,  lituated  on  the  river 
Ava. 

Bake-Bakc,  a  country  of  Africa,  depend- 
ent on  Anziko. 

Baker,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Dongola,  on  th?  left  bank  of  the  Nile.  27 
miles  WSW.  Dongola. 

Baker's  IJJaiid,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  At- 
lantic, near  the  coaftof  Main.  Lo?2g.  68.  2. 
W.  Lat.  44.  I4-N. 

Baker'' s  River, d^nwer of New-Hampfhire, 
which  runs  into  the  Merrimack,  Long.  71. 
40.  W.  Lat.  43.  45.N. 

Bakergan,  a  town  ot  Afia,  in  Karafm,  on 
the  Jihon.     115  miles  SE.Urkonje. 

Bakeu,  or  Bakoixj,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Moldavia,  on  the  Biftritza ;  the 
fee  of  a  biiTiop  of  the  Latin  church.  60 
miles  SW.  JafTy,  135  N.  Bucharell.  Long. 
26.  32.  E.    Lat.B,(i.  36.  N. 

Bakeivell,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Derby,  fituated  near  the  river  Wye. 
It  has  a  weekly  market  on-  Mondays.  In 
1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  1412, 
of  whom  523  were  employed  in  manufac- 
■  tures.  25  m.  N.  Derby,  and  15 1  N.  London. 

Bakipour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  on  the 
Indus.     22  miles  W.  Moultan, 

Bakolarz,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Troki.    44  miles  NW.  Grodno. 

Bakon,  a  large  foreft  of  Hungary,  near 
Vefprin,  where  Andrew  king  of  Hungary, 
in  a  battle  againft  his  brother,' was  forlaken 
by  his  followers,  thrown  down  and  trodden 
to  death  by  his  enemies. 

Bakoi,  a  river  of  Grand  Bukharia,  which 
joins  with  others  to  form  the  Harrat. 

Bakou,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
ofSegeftan.     15  miles  E.  Siabe. 

Barkoz'ar,  fee  Valkovar. 

Bakras,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
ofSennaar.     20  miles  SE.  Sennaar. 

Bakfcifarai,  fee  Bacca-Serai, 

Biikfajkaia,  a  fortrefs  of  RuOian  Tartary, 
in  the  government  of  Caucafus,  on  the  well 
lide  of  the  Ural.     32  miles  N.  Gurev. 

Bakteghian,  a  lake  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Farfiltan.     45  miles  E.  Schiras. 

Baku,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province  of 
gchirvan,  on  the  eaiv  coait  of  the  Cafpian 


fea;  lierc  fliips  can  lie  moored  head  and 
flcrn,  with  their  heads  to  the  fea,  40  fadioms 
off  the  fliore,  within  the  command  cf  two 
ftrong  baftions,  as  alfo  bv  the  fide  of  the 
wall  of  the  northcrmofl  baflion.  In  this 
town  was  a  palace  dellroyed  by  the  Ruffian 
bombs,  in  the  year  1722.  Befure  the  wars 
of  Nadir  Shah,  the  inhabitants  annually  ex- 
ported four  hundred  bales  of  filk.  Baku  is 
laid  to  have  been  built  by  the  Turks:  the 
fortification  is  femicircular,  and  the  two 
points  are  extended  in  the  fea.  It  is  de- 
fended by  a  double  wall,  cf  which  the  in- 
mofl  is  lofty,  for  a  Perfian  fortification.  It 
has  alio  a  ditch  and  redoubts,  which  laftcon- 
flitute  the  greateft  part  of  its  llrcngth : 
thefe  were  made  by  the  Ruffians,  when  they 
were  mafters  of  the  city.  The  ditch  has  no 
communication  witli  the  fen,  being  on  dry 
ground,  as  the  place  ftands  on  a  declivity; 
but  they  can  fill  it  in  twenty-four  hours  by 
water  which  runs  from  the  adjacent  moun- 
tains. As  all  the  country  here  is  impreg- 
nated with  fait  and  fulphur,  the  v/ater,  though 
efteemed  wholefome,  is  very  unpleafimt. 
The  neighbourhood  of  this  city  fapplies 
Ghilan  and  Mazanderan,  and  other  coun- 
tries contiguous,  with  rock-fidt,  brimftone, 
and  naptha.  It  is  the  only  place  near  the 
Cafpian  Sea  that  produces  farFron,  for  v/hich 
it  is  famous.  They  have  alfo  red  v/ino  licre, 
of  a  ftrong  body,  and  well  tafted,  wliich  the 
Armenians  make  at  Shamakie.  The  coun- 
try abounds  in  hares,  deer,  and  antelopes; 
the  ffefh  of  the  laft  is  delicious  food.  Round 
Baku  are  ieveral  lofty  and  cragged  moun- 
tains, on  which  are  very  ftrong  watch-tow- 
ers; thefe  feem  to  have  been  intended  to 
give  alarm  in  time  of  war  of  the  approach  of 
the  Turks,  or  highland  Tartars,  to  the  de- 
predations of  both  whom  this  city  has  been 
cxpoled.  What  they  commonly  call  the 
everlaftirvg  fire,  near  Baku,  before  which  the 
Guebres  offer  their  fupplications,  is  a  phe- 
nomenon of  a  very  extraordinary  nature, 
in  fome  meafure  peculiar  to  this  count ry^ 
and  therefore  deferving  a  particular  d  .I'.rip- 
tion.  This  objeft  of  dc;votion  to  the  Gu--- 
bres  lies  about  10  Englifli  miles  north-cail 
by  eaft  from  the  city  of  Baku,  on  dry  rocky 
land.  There  are  feveral  ancient  tcmpies 
built  with  ftone,  fuppofed  to  have  been  de- 
dicated to  fire;  moft  of  them  are  ?rcJ;ed 
vaults,  not  above  ten  to  fifteen  feet  high. 
Amongft  others  there  is  a  temple  in  winch 
the  Indians  now  worfliip;  near  the  altar, 
about  three  feet  high,  is  a  large  hollow  con", 
from  the  end  of  which  iffuci  a  bine  ilanic, 
in  colour  and  gentlenefs  not  unlike  a  lamp 
that  burns  witli  ipirits,  but  feemingly  more 
pure.  Thefe  Indians  affirm,  that  this  flame 
has  continued  ever  fince  die  flood,  and  they 
believe  it  will  laft  to  the  end  of  the  world; 
that  if   it  was  rclilted  or  fupprclFed   in  tliat 


B  A  L 

place,  it  would  rife  in  fome  other.  Here  arc 
generally  forty  or  fifty  of  thefe  poor  devo- 
tees, who  come  on  a  pilgrimage  from  their 
own  country,  and  fubfift  upon  wild  celery, 
and  a  kind  of  Jerufalem  artichokes,  which 
are  very  good  food,  with  other  herbs  and 
roots  found  a  little  to  the  northward.  The 
earth  round  this  place,  for  above  two  miles, 
has  this  furprihng  property,  that  by  taking 
up  two  or  three  inches  of  the  furface,  and 
applying  a  live  coal  to  the  part  which  is  fo 
uncovered,  it  immediately  takes  fire,  almoll 
before  the  coal  touches  the  earth ;  the  ilame 
inakes  the  foil  hot,  but  does  not  confume 
it,  nor  affecl:  what  is  near  it  with  any  degree 
of  heat.  Any  quantity  of  this  earth  carried 
to  another  part  does  not  produce  this  effedt. 
Baku  was  ceded  to  Ruflia  in  1723,  but  re- 
llored  to  Perfia  in  1735.  45  miles  E.  Sca- 
jnachie.    icj.vj.  49.  59.  E.    LaL  ao.zo.N. 

Bala,  a  town  of  North-Wales,  in  the 
county  of  Merioneth,  fituatcd  near  a  lake  or 
pool  called  Peiiihle  Meer,  or  Pool  of  Bala., 
and  by  the  natives  Lhin  TegiJ.  It  is  a 
town  of  good  trade  for  ftockings,  flannels, 
and  corn,  with  a  weekly  market  on  Satur- 
day. The  affizes  are  kept  here  and  at  Dol- 
52:elly  alternately.  26  miles  NW.  Welfh- 
Pool,  and  195  N^V.  London. 

Balaba,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Bambarra. 
Long.  4.  10.  W.  Lat.  13.  35.  N. 

Balabac,  an  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  Indian 
Sea,  15  miles  in  length  from  north  to  fouth, 
and  about  6  broad.  Lofig.ii'j.ii.^.  Lat. 
7.  59.  N, 

Balahagan,  fee  (Little)  Paterncjlcrs. 

Balachua,  a  town  of  Rullia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Nizegorod,  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 
Volga.  120  miles  ESE.  Peterfburg.  Long. 
43.  5,9.  E.  Lat.  :6.  30.  N. 

Balaconda,  a  town  or  Hindcoftan,  in  Gol- 
et-'nda.     35  miles  N.Indelovoy. 

Batiid,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
country  of  Diarbekir.     20  m.  NW.  Moful. 

Baladag,a  town  ofCircaflia.  50  miles 
ESE.  Theodofia. 

BaliganJ/io.',  a  town  of  RufTia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Irkutsk.  It  is  fituatcd  in  a  plain, 
well  wooded  and  fertile.  The  natives  of 
the  environs  arc  by  the  Rulfians  called  Brat- 
skv,  but  tliey  call  themlclves  Buraty.  30 
miles  NNW.  Irkutsk.  Long.  103.  14.  E. 
Xrt/.  53.45.  N. 

_  Balagat,  or  Bahi-Gattt,  a  country  of  In- 
dia, in  the  Deccan,  extending  along  the 
Gauts,  or  Balagat  Mountains. 

BalagUi'r,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
on  the  Scgi  a,  at  the  foot  of  a  fharp  hill,  in  a 
feriilo  country;  it  contains  one  parifii,  and 
four  convents.  In  the  year  141 1,  when  Fer- 
dinjindking  of  Caltile  was  cledted  king  of 
Ar'ip.<in,the  Count  oflFrgel,  one  of  the  com- 
pCLitory,  thiew  hinilclf  into  this  town,  which 
was  bcficiicd  by  Ferdinand,  and,  through 


B  A  L 

want  of  provifions,  was  compelled  to  fur- 
render,  on  the  promifc  only  of  the  Count's 
life.  He  was  afterwards  imprifoned  for  life, 
and  his  eftatc  confifcatcd.  In  1709,  it  was 
taken  by  Gen.  Staremberg  for  King  Charles, 
and  in  1710  by  the  Duke  de  Yendome  for 
King  Philip.  63  m.  NW.  Barcelona,  219 
NE. Madrid.  Z/0/.'^.o. 40.  E.  Lat./^i.i^-^.'N, 

Balaguiguan,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coall 
of  the  iiland  Samar.  Long.  124.  52.  E. 
Lat.  II.  3j.  N. 

Balah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  20  miles  NNW. 
Dinagepour. 

Balaiticonda,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Mylbrc.     9  miles  S.  Colar. 

Balaklaval,  a  feaport  town  of  RufTia,  in 
the  government  of  Taurida,  on  the  fouth 
coaft  of  the  Crimea,  with  a  harbour  on  the 
Black  Sea ;  called  by  the  Genoefe  Jamboli. 
Long.  33.  14.  E.     Lat.  44.  35-  N. 

Balani,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  In- 
dian  Sea,  near  the  ifland  of  Queda.  Long. 
99.  E.     Lat  6.  35.  N. 

Balamatta,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Bourro.  Long.  126. 17.  E.  Lat. 
3.  12.S. 

Balalpoufy  a  town  of  Hindooftan  in  Oude, 
20  miles  SSE.  Kairabad. 

BaLvnbangan,  an  ifland  in  the  Eaftern 
Indian  Sea,  about  16  miles  long  from  north- 
weft  to  fouth-eaft,  and  from  3  to  6  broad. 
It  is  lituated  between  Borneo  and  Mindanao, 
and  was  ceded  by  the  king  of  Sooloo  to  the 
Englifli  in  1762;  ..nd  in  the  year  following 
it  was  taken  pofleffion  of  by  Mr.  Dalrymple 
for  the  Eaft-India  Company,  under  whom  a 
force  was  lent,  and  a  fettlement  formed. 
In  1774,  the  Soolooans  furprifed  the  fettle- 
ment, and  feized  the  effcfts  belonging  to 
the  Company,  to  the  value  of  926,000  Spa- 
nifh  dollars.  Long.wj.^.lL.  Zi:z/.  7. 17.N. 

Balanihuan,  or  Balanihoang,  or  Palani' 
huan,  a  country  on  the  ealf  part  of  the  ifland 
ot  Java,  governed  by  a  king,  who  is  defpo- 
tic.  It  produces  pepper,  cotton,  rice,  In- 
dian corn,  and  fruit,  in  great  plenty.  There 
are  excellent  paftures,  which  feed  a  great 
number  of  horfes,  antelopes,  buffaloes,  and 
oxen.  The  principal  town  is  of  the  fame 
name,  and  is  lituated  at  the  bottom  of  a  bay. 
Long.  114.  28.  E.    Lat.  8.  28.  S. 

Bdlanigur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
fub,)h  of  Delhi.    30  nfiles  S.  Delhi. 

Balaviut,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Walachia.    38  miles  NE.  Buchareft. 

Balanac,  a  town  on  the  welf  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Luijon.  Long.  120.  48.  E.  Lat. 
17.  12.  N. 

BalanJang,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Celebes,  /-j;;'-.  119,  9.  E.  Lat. 
2.  38.  S. 

Balance,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Englifh 
Channel,  near  the  coaft  of  France.  Long, 
4.53-W.     Lat.^i.is-^' 


'-^•- 


B  A  L 

Balancsy  a  cape  on  the  eaft  of  Iceland. 
hat.  6f.  19. N. 

BMani  IS,  a  town  on  the  eall  coaft  of  the 
ifla;:a  of  Lucan.  Long.  izo.  $<).¥..  I^at. 
13.  48.  N. 

BuUmipa,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifl.uid  of  Ctlcb-s.  L5-v^^  119.  2Z.E.  Lat. 
3.  16.S. 

Balapotir,  a  town  of  H'a.lcoftan,  in  Oudc. 
ao  miles  S.  Kairabad. 

Balarpour,  a  fnvn  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bcrar.     8  miles  S.  Khanda. 

Bahruc,  a  town  of  France,  celebrated  for 
its  mineialfprings,  in  ttie  department  of  fhe 
Heraulc.    12  niiies  h'om  Montpelier. 

BaLiry,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Smaland.  16  miles  E.  Jonkioping. 
Balafckev,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Saratov,  on  the  river  Koper.  90 
miles  W.  Saratov,  and  664  SE.  Peterfourg. 
Lon;^.  4;,.  14.  E-      J-''^t'  5  I-  55-  N- 

Baiijori'i  a  feaporc  town  ot  Hindooftan, 
in  the  country  of  OrifTa,  and  a  place  of  con- 
fiderable  trade,  fi'iuited  on  the  nver  Gonga- 
har,  about  20  miles  from  its  mouth,  in  the 
bay  of  Berigal.  Ship-,  generally  take  pilots 
here  to  condud  them  up  the  Ganges.  In 
1803,  this  twwn  and  diitri^St  were  ceded  to 
Great-Britain  by  the  Rajah  of  Eerar.  104  m. 
SW.Calcutta.  Long.Zi.S'^-  L^d.zi.^o.'N. 
Balatafi:,  a  volcanic  mountain  in  the 
iflana  of  Sumatra. 

Balating,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs  in- 
to the  bay  of  Ail-Saiacs. 

Balutnaby-A.  town  of  Turkifh  Armenia,  on 
the  Black  Sea.  5  miles  S.  Trcbifond. 

Balaton,  a  lake  of  Hungary,  about  50 
miles  long,  and  Irom  i  to  4  broad.  5  miles 
S.  Stuhl-Weillemburg. 

Bala-.v,  a  town  ut  Pruffia,  in  Pomcrclia, 
on  a  lake.     15  miles  SSE.  Marienburg. 

Balayan,  a  diftri6t  or  provmce  of  the 
ifland  of  Luc^on,  with  a  town  cf  the  lame 
name.  Zc//^.  120.  47.E.  Z^?/.  13.  57.N. 
Balbadder,  a  town  of  Hindooft.in,  in 
Oriffa.  28  miles  W.  Balafore. 
Balbanon,  lee  Babanon. 
Balbajlro,  or  Barbajtro,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Aragon,  litu.ited  on  the  Vero,  near  its 
conflux  with  tiie  Cinca,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop, 
whole  diocel'e  extends  over  one  hundred  and 
feventy  pariihes,  eight  convents,  louiteen 
hermitages,  and  nineteen  hul'ijitais.  This 
town  was  taken  by  the  Moovs  m  the  twelfth 
century,  and  erected  into  a  biihopriek;  the 
lee  being  ren;oved  from  Rhoda.  47  miles 
>fW.  Barcelona,  and  30  ENE.  Saragofla. 
LiOKg.  o.  4.  E.  Lat.  41.54.  N. 

Bulbcck,  a  town  ot  Ahatic  Turkey,  in 
Syria,  celebrated  by  the  aiicients  under  the 
name  of  Heliopolis,  fuuated  at  tlie  foot  of 
the  Anti-Libaijus.  There  are  now  to  be 
Icen  large  remains  or  one  of  the  moll  beauti- 
ful temples  in  the  world,  i'uppuicd  to  have 


B  A  L 

been  dedicated  to  t!ie  worfhip  of  tlie  fun ;  both 
the  ancient  and  prefent  name  of  the  plac?-, 
fignilics'  the  City  of  the  Suh  ;  but  b"y  whom 
or  when  built  is  not  accurately  determine-d. 
In  the  time  of  Augullus,  it  was  a  gavrHbn 
town  of  the  Romans;  and  the  prelcnt  tem- 
ple is  faid  to  liavc  been  built  by  Antoninus 
Pius,  inilcad  of  the  ancient  one  gone  to 
decay.  Under  Contiantine  it  was  negieded, 
and  turned  into  a  Chriliian  churcii,  and  con- 
tinued fo  till  the  irruption  of-  the  Arabs  ; 
after  that  the  church  fell  to  decay,  battle- 
ments were  built  round  it,  and  fronrthat 
time  being  expofed  to  the  fate  of  war,  it 
fell  rapid!  V  into  ruins.  The  Hate  of  the  city 
is  not  lels  deplorable  ;  added  to  the  wretched 
government  of  the  Turks,  an  eartluiuake  in 
1759,  completed  its  deftruclion.  The  inha- 
bitants were  computed  at  5000  in_i75i, 
who,  in  1784,  were  reduced  to  lefs  than 
120C,  poor  and  indolent,  cultivating  a  little 
cotton,  maize,  and  water-melons,  for  their 
fubfiftence.  Balbeck  was  taken  by  the 
Arabs,  under  Abu  Obeidah,  general  of  Calif 
Omar,  altera  vigorous  defence.  In  1401, 
it  was  taken  by  i'imur  Bee.  no  miles  S. 
Aleppo,  and  40  NNW.  Bamafcus.  Lo7:g. 
36.  li.E.  Lat.  34.  I.N. 

Balbeit,  or  Baalbcit,  or  Bahheit,  a  town 
of  Egypt,  in  the  Delta,  anciently  called  Bu- 
firh.  Here  Dr.  Pocock  faw  remains  of  a 
temple  of  Ifis.     7  miles  SSW.  Manlbra. 

Balcarry,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the 
fouth  coall  of  the  county  of  Kircudbright, 
declared  by  aft  of  parliament  a  free  port- 
10  miles  ESE.  Kircudbright. 

Balch,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  runs 
into  the  Rhine  at  Cologne. 

i^^r/r/v;(.w/Z-^/,ato\vnof  RulTia,  in  the  go-  • 
vernment  oflrkutfk.  140  m.  S\V.  Doroninlk. 

Balchuyfen,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle.  9  m. 
VV.  Cologne. 

Balduiha,  a  town  of  Kentucky,  on  Sandy 
river.    Z^;/^.  82.30.  W.  Z..7^  37.  4''.  N. 

BaldEagljCnek,  a  river  of  Pennlylvania, 
which  runs'into  the  weft  branch  of  the  Sul- 
quehana.  Long.  77.  30.  W.  Lat.  41-  10.  N._ 

Bald-head,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  ot 
North-America,  in  Norton  Sound.     Long. 
'  198.  18.  E.  Lat.  64.  4,vN. 

Bald-kead,  a  high  rocky  cape  on  the 
fouth-weft  coaft  of  New  Holland,  forming 
the  weft  and  Ibuth  bound.uy  of  King 
George  IJI.'s  Sound.  Long.  118.  i6.  E. 
Lat.  ^5.9.  S. 

Balil-head,  a  fmall  ifland,  near  the  coaft  of 
North-Carolina,  at  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear 
River.     Long.  78.13.  "^^'t  Lat.  xys^-^- 

Bald-Head,  a  cape  of  America,  on  the 
coaft  of  Main,  /.(jz/jj-.  70.  35.W.  Lat.^y.^. 

_B:dd  Mountains,  mountains  of  America,- 
which  bound  the  Tennaffee  State  to  the 
call.     Long.  8z.  is-  ^"^  ■  ^^^-  35'  SO-  N. 


B  A  L 


B  A  L 


JliiJdanen,  or  Bahhineiit  a  town  of  Senii- 
gailia.     i8  miles  E.  Mittau. 

Baldeg^,  a  village  of  Swi/Terland,  in  the 
canton  of  Zurich,  with  a  caftlc,  anciently  a 
town.  It  is  fituated  on  a  lake,  to  which  it 
gives  name.     9  miles  N.  Lucerne. 

Bahienau,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dc- 
yiartment  of  the  Sane,  late  elefrorate  of 
Treves.  6  miles  SE.  Traarbach,  and  36 
SW.  Coblentz. 

Baldenburg.,  a  town  of  PrulTian  Pomere- 
lia.     65  miles  SSW.  Dantzick. 

Balden:.,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
countv  of  Oettingen.  i  mile  SSE.  Zobing. 

BiiUivirr,  fee  Valdiv'ia. 

Baldo,  a  mountain,  part  of  the  Alps,  which 
feparates  the  county  of  Tyrol  from  the 
country  of  Verona.    30  m.  in  circumference. 

Baldock,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
cf  Herts,  fituated  on  the  great  north  road 
from  London  to  York.  It  has  a  good  mar- 
ket on  Thurfdays  for  corn,  particularly  bar- 
ley, of  which  great  quantities  are  made  into 
jTiait,  for  London  and  country  trade.  In 
iSoi,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  1283. 
J!  miles  S.  Bigglefwade,  and  .^7  N.London. 
Jjong.  o.  II.  W.  Laf.  52.0.  N. 

Baldimerty  fee  Baldaneii. 

Bile,  or  Baf.c,  or  Bcjil,  the  name  of  one 
of  the  cantons  of  Swiffcrland,  and  the  ninth 
in  the  order,  and  the  liift  of  thofe  called 
A't'iy-  It  is  about  24  miles  long,  and  rather 
more  than  15  broad,  bounded  on  the  fbuth- 
\iefV,  fouth,  and  fouth-cafl,  by  the  cantons 
of  Soleure;  on  the  north-eall:  by  tlie  terri- 
tory of  Rhenfclden,one  of  the  forefl  towns; 
and  on  the  north-weft  by  France.  Bale  is 
tlie  capita!. 

Bale.,  f  B/Jhopricof,)  heretofore  a  princi- 
pality of  Germany,  in  the  circle  of  the 
Upper  Rhine,  boundetl  on  the  north  by  the 
Sundgaw,  on  the  weft  by  France,  on  tlie 
fuuth  and  eaff  by  the  cantons  of  Bale,  Berne, 
and  Soleure;  beginning  at  the  lake  Bicnne, 
and  crofTmg  Mount  Jura,  it  reaches  almoft 
to  the  city  of  Bale;  about  72  miles  in  length, 
and  48  in  breadth.  A  defeniive  alliance  was 
made  between  the  feven  Roman  Catholic 
cantons,  and  tlie  biiliop  of  Bale,  in  1579, 
■which  was  folemnly  renewed  in  i'  55,  1695, 
and  1712.  According  to  the  matrirula  of 
imperial  contributions,  as  ordered  in  the 
Vear  1512,  thebilliop  ought  to  furnilh  fifteen 
footandtwo  hovfem,en,or  84  florins  monthly, 
at  liis  own  choice.  The  eccieliafticiil  jurii- 
diction  extends  to  the  liiocefes  of  Laulanne, 
Conifancc,  Strafburg,  Toul,  and  Bef;in(^on  ; 
snd  contains  fix  town?,  of  which  Porentrui, 
the  reiidcnce  of  the  bifhop,  and  Delemont 
arc  the  chief;  and  170  fmaller  towns  and 
villages.  The  fee  was  iirff  founded  at  Augft, 
and  from  thence  removed  to  Bale,  'i'he 
biihop  is  tle(5ted  by  the  canons  of  the 
churdi,  i.t'  whom  tlicrc  are  eighteen,  who 


ought  to  be  of  noble  families,  and  Germans. 
After  the  canons  have  made  their  eleftiorf, 
and  their  choice  is  confirmed  by  the  pope, 
the  emperor  inverts  him  in  his  temporalities. 
The  country  is  fertile,  and  a  great  number  of 
forges  are  employed  in  manufaftures  of 
iron  and  fteel.  The  militia  amount  to 
ii,occ,  divided  into  nine  regiments.  It  is 
now  annexed  to  France,  and  forms  part  of 
the  department  of  the  Upper  Rhine.  The 
territory  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine  was, 
in  1802,  given  as  an  indemnity  to  the  Marg- 
grave  of  Baden. 

Bule,  the  chief  place  of  a  canton,  and 
largeft  city  of  SwifTerland,  confifts  of  two 
tov/ns,  built  on  both  fides  of  the  Rhine, 
which  here  forms  a  large  and  deep  ffream, 
on  a  declivity,  favourable  for  navigation,  and 
communicating  with  each  other  by  means  of 
a  bridge,  600  feet  in  length  :  they  are  both 
defended  with  walls,  towers,  and  ditches. 
To  the  largeft  town  are  annexed  five  confi- 
derable  fauxbourgs.  The  cathedral  is  a  fine 
gothic  If  ruiSture,  and  contains,  among  other 
monuments,  the  tomb  of  Erafmus.  There 
are  fix  parochial  churches,  and.  feven  con- 
vents, fecularifed  at  the  reformation.  The 
univerfity  was  founded  in  the  year  1459,  o*' 
1460,  by  pope  Pius  II.  In  the  town-houfe 
and  public  library,  are  feveral  paintings  by 
Hans  Holbein,  a  native  of  this  place.  The 
magifl:racy  is  a  mixture  of  ariftocracy  and 
democracy,  in  which  the  former  preponde- 
rate; a  cuftom  peculiar  to  Bale  is,  that  the 
clocks  of  the  town  are  always  an  hour  too 
faft.  The  environs  are  fertile,  and  the  cli- 
mate fof'ter  than  the  countries  round,  fo  that 
they  fend  early  fruit  and  vegetables  as  an 
article  of  trade  to  the  diftance  of  60  miles. 
Three  melancholy  epochas  are  marked  in 
the  annals  of  Bale:  an  earthquake  in  1,^56, 
which  deftroyed  a  great  number  of  houfes  ; 
and  two  malignant  fevers,  one  in  1344, 
which  carried  oft'  11,000  perfons,  and  ano- 
ther in  1564,  when  7000  died.  In  908,  it 
was  facked  and  burned  by  the  Hungarians. 
The  principal  manufai5tures  are  ribbons,  filk 
fluffs,  painted  linens,  gloves,  and  cutlery. 
The  biibop  has  had  no  power  in  Bale  fince 
the  time  of  the  reformation  in  15 19,  when 
the  bifliop  and  chapter  were  compelled  to 
quit  the  town,  and  rciide  at  Porentrui.  i^\ 
pofts  S.  Strafburg,  and  59^  ESE.  Paris. 
I.ofig.  7.  31.  E.  Z,at. 4j.  4C.N. 

Bdlcapdfnci}/!,  a  town  of  Hindocftan,  on 
the  coaft  of  Malabar.  15  miles  KNVy. 
Tcllichtrry. 

Bidcgii,  a  tow-n  on  the  Ibuth  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Madura.  Long,  ii  ^  24.  E.  Lat. 
7.  12.  S. 

Bahgiim,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     6  miles  N.  Koudur. 

BiddroydurgiUi!y-x  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in 
Mylbre.     35  niiks  W.Sacrapatam. 


B  A  L 

BaUinar,  a  fmall  iiland  in  the  Eaftern  In- 
dian  Sea.    Long.  izZ.  ii.E.  Lat.  7.  18.S. 
Balenia,  a  town  of  the  Helvetian  repub- 
lic, in  the  bailiwick  of  the  Mendrilio.  3  miles 
ESE.  Mendrifio. 

Balejirina,  a  town  of  Genoa,  and  late  a 
fief  of  the  empire.     9  miles  N.  Albenga. 

Balfron,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Stirling- 
fhire.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants 
was  1634,  of  whom  763  were  employed  in 
the  cotton  manufadlurcs.  10  miles  N.  Dum- 
barton. 

BalfruJJy,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  IMazanderan.  It  is  built  in  a  low 
moilT;  ground,  of  an  irregular  form,  about 
i^  mile  in  circumference.  The  houfes  are 
conilructed  of  brick  or  clay,  with  a  flat  roof, 
and  are  generally  fmall  and  mean.  There 
are  four  caravanferas,  and  the  Bazar  forms 
the  principal  ftreet.  20  miles  W.  Fehrabad. 
J^ong.  52.40.  E.  Lat.  35.  55.  N. 

Balgat  a  town  of  PrufFui,  in  the  province 
of  Natangcn,  on  the  Frifch  Haffe.  24  miles 
SW.  Konigfberg.  Long.  19.  59.  E.  Lat. 
54.  ?2.  N. 

Balgaon,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     15  miles  NW.  Koudur. 

Balguda,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
28  m.  E.  Bahar. 

Balbary,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Myfore  country.  68  miles  N.  Chitteldroog, 
and  56  SE.  Bifnap;ar.  Lo7ig.  76.  56.  E. 
Lat.  14.  58   N. 

Bali,  Bally,  or  Littk  Java,  one  of  the 
Sunda  iflands.  75  miles  long,  and  41?  wide, 
iertile  and  well  peopled.  The  principal 
productions  are  cotton,  rice,  ginger,  and 
cloves.  The  number  of  inhabitants  is  faid  to 
be  6co,ooo  ;  it  is  feparated  from  the  eaft  end 
of  the  ifland  of  Java,  by  a  Ifrait,  called 
the  Strait  of  Bali,  or  the  Strait  of  Balla- 
baun,ox  the  Strait  of  Java.  Long.  115, 
E.  Lat.  8.  S. 

Baiidra,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarva. 
4  miles  E.  Sagres. 

Balikcsri,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 

the  province    of  Natolia.      52   milts  NE. 

Pergamo.  Long.i'j.K,ii,.Y..  Z^/.  39.  42.N. 

Balincailach,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 

the  Scotch  ifland  of  Benbecula. 

Balis,  a  town  of  Syria,  on  the  weft  bank 
of  the  Euphrates.     60  miles  E.  AleppK). 

Balis,  a  river  of  Syria,  which  runs  into 
the  Euphrates,  near  Racca. 

Balaife  La,  afeaport  town  of  Louifiania, 
at  the  eaft  mouth  of  the  MifliiTippi.  Long. 
39.  30.  W.  Lat.  29.  6.  N. 

Baljure:",  a  town  of  Bengal.  31  miles 
NW.  Dacca. 

Baliz,  or  IValiz,  a  river  of  Yucatan, 
which  runs  into  the  bay  of  Honduras,  Long. 
87.  50.  W.  Lat.  17.  30.  N. 

Baliz,  a  feapurt  of  Yucatan,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Baliz.     Vefieb  of  burthen  can- 


B  A  L 

not  come  near  the  town,  on  account  of  a  bar 
in  the  river.  The  chief  trade  is  for  logwood 
and  mahogany. 

Balk,  a  city  of  Afia,  and  capital  of  a  coun- 
try or  kingdom  of  the  fame  name  in  Great 
Bukharia,  governed  by  a  prince  of  the  Us- 
beck  Tartars,  who  reigns  over  the  fouthero 
part  of  Bukharia,  and  has  always  preferved 
his  independence.  It  was  -anciently  called 
Ba^ra,  and  Zariafpe,  and  the  country  of 
which  it  was  the  capital,  Baflria.  It  is  the 
center  of  trade  between  the  Mahometan  Tar- 
tars and  the  Indies  ;  large,  handfome,  and 
populous ;  the  houfes  for  the  moft  part  of 
llone  or  brick.  The  palace  of  the  khan  is 
a  large  building  in  the  Eaftern  ftile,  con- 
ftruded  almoft  wholly  of  marble,  of  which 
there  are  feveral  quarries  in  the  neighbour- 
ing mountains.  The  country  is  fertile,  and 
well  cultivated.  When  Jenghiz  Khan,  in 
1221,  made  his  celebrated  irruption,  he 
plundered  it  of  immenfe  riches.  It  is  faid  to 
have  contained  at  that  time  1200  temples, 
behdes  fmall  chapels,  and  200  public  baths 
for  foreign  merchants  and  other  ft  rangers. 
In  1369,  it  was  taken  by  Timur  Bee,  and  in 
1727,  by  Nadir  Shah.  180  miles  S.  Samar- 
cand,  and  250  N.  Herat.  Long.  6j.  30. 
E.  Lat.  36.  44.  N. 

Balkan,  a  mountain  of  European  Turkey, 
which  divides  Romania  from  Bulgaria. 

Balkai,  (Gulf  of,j  di.   large  bay  on  the 

eaft  coail:  of  the  Cal'pianSea.  Lat.  39.  45.  N- 

Balkee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in    the 

country  of  Dov/latabad.     i;  miles  WNW. 

Beder.     i>5«^.  77.  44.  E.    Z^^j*.  17.  54.N. 

Balkee,  a  town  of  IScngal.  8  miles  NW. 
Burdwan. 

Balkerra,  a  town  of  Bengal.  16  miles 
NE.  Kifhenagur. 

Balkifzen,  a  town  of  Bengal,  10  miles 
N.  Burdwan. 

Ball,  a  town  of  Virginia,  on  the  Rappa- 
hanock.  28  miles  SE.  Leeds.  Long.  76. 
39. E.  Lat.  37.49.N. 

Ball's  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Norfolk  ifland,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
which  runs  into  the  land  about  three-quar- 
ters of  a  mile.  The  beach  is  formed  of 
large  loofe  ftones,  which  render  it  danger- 
ous for  boats;  though  it  often  happens  that 
the  landing  is  very  good,  when  the  furf  has 
increafed  lb  much  in  Sydney  bay  as  to  ren- 
der landing  impra(5ticable.  A  good  landing- 
place  was  cleared  away,  but  in  three  months 
the  ftones  were  walhed  in  again,  though 
many  weighed  aoo  pounds  each.  This  bay 
.  is  furrounded  by  very  fteep  hills,  which 
renders  accels  to  the  futilement  difHcuIt. 

Ball's  Pyramid,  a   I'mall   ifland   in    the 

South  Paciiic  Ocean,  difcovered  by  Lieut. 

Ball  in  1788.    Long-irr^.  E.  Z^?/".  31.  35. S. 

Balla,  a  town  of  Bootan.    36  miles  N. 

Beyhar. 


B  A  L 


B  A  L 


Ballahea,  a  fmall  iflan^  in  the  Sou'.h  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  fecn  hy  Captciin  Cook  in  1774, 
near  the  coalt  of  New  Caledonia.  Long. 
164.  23.  E.  Laf.  20.  7.  S. 

Ballabuan, {Straits  of,)or  Straits  ofBalr, 
the  channel  between  the  iflands  of  Java  and 
33ali,  in  the  Indian  Sea. 

J'Jallcidak,  a  town  of  Syria,  in  the  Defert. 
140  miles  ENE.  Darnafcas. 

BullaghiVi  Point,  a  cp.pe  on  the  eafc  ccaft 
of  Ireland,  in  the  county  of  Louth,  the  fouth- 
wefl  entrance  of  Carlinaford  bay.  11  miles 
SE.  Newry.  Lcng.  6.  a-  W.  Lat.  ,-;3.  58.  N. 

Ballaghy,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Derry.     18  miles  S.  Coleraine. 

Ballanghuan,  lee  BaLniihiian. 

BaliantraC)  or  Bullaittire,  a  feaport  tov/n 
of  Scotland,  on  the  welt  coall:  of  the  county 
of  Ayr,  in  the  Fiith  of  Clyde,  containing 
827  inhabitants.  They  have  a  good  falmon 
fiihery  in  the  moutli  of  a  fmall  river  which 
joins  the  Frith  near  the  town.  28  miles 
SSW.  Ayr.   LoJig.  5.  4.  W.  Lat.  ^^,  10.  N. 

Ballapatty,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     i  z  miles  W.  Vencatighery. 

Bulla  pour  y  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Be- 
rar.     15  miles  Akowla. 

Ballard' s-Pr/nitt  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Ireland,  in  the  county  of  Clare.  Long.  9 . 
32.  W.   L^^.  52.42. N. 

Ballas,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Nile.     10  miles  S.  Dendr.i. 

Ballafiir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  belong- 
ing to  the  Mahrattas.     32  miles  E.  Poonah. 

Balk,  fee  BaiUcul. 

Balleeoonghaiu,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Sooloo 
Archipelago.  Loug.ito.d.Y-..  Lat. ^.lo.'N. 

Balloiberg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
electorate  of  Mentz.     2  m.  NW.  Krautheim. 

Ballaijladt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Anhalt  liernburg.  18  miles 
SW.  Ikrnburg,  27  NE.  Nordhaulen.  Long. 
II.  25.E.     /.rt?.  51.  45.  N. 

Balliroy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  tlie  Calvados.  18  miles  S.Caen, 
and  7  SSW.  Baycux. 

■    Balliangnut,   a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Calicut.     _5-  miles  S.  Paniany. 

Balli?iio!:cy,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Antrim.  23  miles  N.  Antrim, 
and  ;,o  E.  Londonderry. 

Ball'miorc,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  thecounty 
of  Weicmeath,  On  the  8th  of  June,  1691, 
this  town  was  taken  bv  General  Ginckle,  for 
King  William  III. ;  and  the  garrifon,  which 
.  conlifted  of  780  men,  widi  259  volunteers, 
ilirrenderetl  at  dill'reiion.  In  1798,  it  was 
burned  by  the  military  to  diltrefs  the  rebels. 
10  miles  N.  Athlonc. 

Balli>i,AX.o\vn  of  Bengal.  5  m. S.Calcutta. 

Btiliina,  a  town  of  JiJand,  in  thecounty 
of  Mayo,  on  the  Mo\;.  In  Auguft  1798, 
this  place  was  taken  b\-  the  French  under 
Humbert.     6  m.  S.  Killalla,  jo  N.  Caillebar. 


Ballinacourty  Point,  a  cape  on  the  foiith 
coaft  of  Ireland,  in  the  county  of  Waterford, 
and  north  fide  of  Dungarvon  bay.  4  miles 
E.  Dungarvon. 

Ballinahinch,  a  town  of  Ireisnd,  in  the 
county  of  Dov/n ;  where,  in  June  1798,  the 
rebels  were  defeated.     12  miles  S.  Belfaft. 

BalUnakill,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  Queen's 
county,  which  before  the  union  fent  two 
members  to  the  Iriih  parliament.  14  miles 
W.  Carlov/,  and  18  S.  Portarlington. 

BalUnakill  Harbour,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic, 
on  the  weft  coalt  of  Ireland,  fo  called  from  a 
village  in  Gal  way.  40  miles  NW.  Gal  way. 
Lc/n^9-58.E.     Z^A  53.  34.  N, 

B allinajTiellig,  a  bay  on  the  fouth-weft 
coaft  of  Ireland,  and  county  of  Kerry.  Lo7ig. 
ID.  6.  W\    Lat.  51.46.N. 

ij^?/////;y7!/t',  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Galway.     30  miles  W.  Gal  way. 

Ballinrobe,  or  Ballinraal,  a  town  of  Ire- 
land, in  the  county  of  Mayo.  15  miles  S. 
Caftiebar. 

Ballintoy,  a  feaport  town  of  Ireland,  on 
the  north  coaft  of  the  county  of  Antrim, 
with  a  tolerable  good  bay ;  there  is  a  coal 
mine  in  the  neighbourhood.  20  miles  N. 
Ballymena.    Lojig.d.iz.W.  Lat.ss-iA'^. 

Ballifore,  a  river  of  Hindooftan,  which 
branches  off  from  the  Ganges,  paffes  by 
Colna,  Gopaulgunge,  &c.  and  being  joined 
by  feveral  other  rivers^  changes  its  name  to 
Hooringottah. 

Ballifors,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Dacca.     21  miles  NW.  Dacca. 

Balliteague  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  louth  coaft 
of  Ireland.    Z/O/;^.  6.  45.W.  Zi:?/.  52. 13.N. 

BalUtnngky,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Kilhenagur.  21  miles  S.  Moor- 
Ihedabad,  75  N.  Calcutta.  Long.  88.  23.  E. 
Lat.  23.  19.  N. 

Ballitunghy,  a  town  of  Bengal.  22  miles 
S.  INIoorlhedabad. 

Ballock,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Sooloo  Ar- 
chipelago;    Long.\z\.^z.Y..  Lat.6.j,2.'N. 

Ballock  Rocks,  rocks  on  the  north-well 
cuaft  of  the  ifland  of  Ila. 

Ballogijlan,  a  diftri^ft  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Delhi,  of  an  oval  form,  about  80 
miles  long,  and  from  20  to  30  broad  ;  the 
extremity  about  20  miles  weft  from  Delhi. 

Ballon,  atown  of  Francc,in  the  department 
of  the  Lower  Charente.     9  m.  SE.  Rochelle. 

Ballon,  a  tov.n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sarte.  10  miles  NE.  Ifc  Mans, 
and  16  S.  Alencon. 

Balluah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  1 7  miles  SE.. 
Gor.igot. 

Balluan,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
fubali  of  Lahore,     ao  miles  SW.  Lahore. 

Ballucas,Las,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Eftra- 
m.idura.     22  miies  NNW.  Palencia. 

Balluntce,  a  town  of  Hiudouilan,  in  OrifTa. 
13  miles  SE.  Cattaek.  ■   "  ...      .  .  • 


B  AL 


B  A  L 


Biillyi  or  Pulo  Bally,  an  ifland  in  the 
Eaftern  lea,  about  two  miles  in  circumference, 
wiih  Kcod  anchorage  on  the  call:  fide,  in  iz 
or  I :  faibom.  .  It  is  Icparattd  trom  the  weft 
coati:  of  Bacbian  by  a  channel  about  iive 
miJos  widf".     Lat.  o.  30.  S. 

j6,7//y,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
ifland of Loxnbock.  Z(5;/^'.ii6.  lo.E.  Lat. 
8.  :;6.S. 

Bally,  fee  Bali. 

Bnllyhay,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Mcnaghan.     9  miles  S.  Mon;;ghan. 

Ballyaumoiu,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Wexford;  where,  in  Tune  1798, 
the  rebels  were  defeated.  5  miles  S.  New- 
borough. 

^tf//yt-i7/?/<;',at,ownof  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Antrim,  (ituated  on  the  call  fide  of  a  bay 
to  which  it  gives  name,  with  a  good  pier  : 
there  is  a  colliery  near  it.  30  miles  N.  An- 
trim.    Lo>!g.  6.6.  W.    /-(^/.  55.  12.  N. 

Bally-Coiton  Bay,  a  bay  in  St.  George's 
Channel,  on  the  Ibuth  coall  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Cork,  north-well:  coaft  of  Bally- 
Cotton'  Kland.  Long.  7.  58.  W.  Lat. 
51.  51.  N. 

Bally-Cotton,  an  ifland  in  St.  George's 
Channel,  on  the  fouth-weft  co:ill:  of  Ireland. 
Z/0«^.  7.  59.  W.     Zii?/.  51.  50.  N. 

BallydcrosUn  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  Ibuth-weft 
coaft  of  Ireland.  Long.  9.  34.  W.  Lat. 
51.  27.  N. 

Bally donegan  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth-weft 
•  coaft  of  Ireland.  Long.  10.  W.  .L,at.  si. 
3>N.-    . 

Ballyela  Bay,  a  bay  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
on  the  weft  coaft  of  Ireland,  iz  rnilcs  SE. 
South-Arran  Iflands.  Long.  9.  ao.  W. 
Lat.  54.  53.  N. 

Bally feris  Point,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  on  the 
coaft  of  Down.  Lotig.  <^.^2,.\\.  Lat.  s^. 
33.  N.  ■  ■" 

Bally gelly  Head,  a  cape  on  the  caft  coaft 
of  Ireland,  in  the  Irifh  Sea.  Lov.g.  5.  44.  W. 
/y^/.  54.  54.N. 

' Ballyhaura,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Cork.-    21  miles  N.  Cork. 

Ballyheigh,  fee  Kerry  Head.. 

Ballylany,  a  fmall  illand  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  near  the  weft  coaft  of  Ireland.  I^ong. 
ic.  16.  W.     /y^/.  53.  23.  N. 

Ballyinenak,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Antrim.     10  miles  N.  Antrim. 

Ballyqnhitin  Point,  a  cape  on  the  eaft 
coaft  of  the  county  of  Down,  in  Ireland,  in 
the  Irifh  Sea,  at  the  eaft  of  the  entrance  into 
Strangtord  Lough.  7  miles  E.  Downpatrick. 
Long.  5.  26.  W.     Lat.  54.  19.  N. 

Ballyjljannon,  a  feaport  town  of  Ireland, 
fituated  in  a  bay  to  wiiich  it  gives  name,  open 
to  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Erne,  in  the  county  of  Donegal,  with 
a  good  harbour,  and  conliderablc  trade. 
Before  the  union,  it  was  aborough  town,  and 


returned  .two  rnembers  to  the  Iiilh  parlia- 
ment. 40  mifes  SW.  IvOndonderry.  Long* 
S.a.W.  -Zs/.  54.31.  N.- 

Ballyvcighan  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  weftern 
coafl:  of  Ireland,  and  north  part  of  tire  county 
ofClafg,  in  Galway,bay.  Long.  9.'6.W. 
Lat.':;},.  7.N. 

Balmalay'A.  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom ofBornou.     65  miles  N.Kanem. 

Babnavnit,  a  town  of  Afiatie  Turkey,  in 
the  province  of  Natolia.  12  miles  W.  Ka- 
rahilar. 

Bahne,  La,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mont  Blanc.     6   miles  NVV*.  <. 
Annecy. 

Bahncradah,  a  town  ofPerfin,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Choralan.     32  miles  SW.  Esferan. 

Bahnerino,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Fifc- 
fiiire,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tay,  oppoflte 
Dundee,  with  a  fmall  inconvenient  harbour. 
8  miles  NW.  St.  Andrew's. 

Bahnuccio,  a  town  of  Italy.  20  m.  NNW. 
No  .'ara. 

Balnakyk,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  a  bay 
on  the  v/eft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Lewis. 
Long.  7.  3.  W.  Lat.  ,58.  8.  N'. 

Balncol,  fee  Bagnolas. 

Balodc,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Car- 
deilh.     27  miles  S  W.  Burhanipo'.u". 

Balog,  a  town  of  Hungaiy.     20  miles  E.  ' 
Altfol. 

Balola,  a  tovv'n  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  the  Biafares.     15  miles  NE.  Biguba. 

Baloly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dowla- 
tabad.     35  miles  ENF).  Oudighir, 

Balongo,  three  iflands,  in  the  bay  of  Ben- 
gal, near  the  coaft  of  Aracan.  Long.  93.  to 
93-  20.  E.  Lat.  19.  50.  to  20.  5.  N. 

Balookaii,2L  town  of  Minduoflan.  7  miles 
N.  Lahore. 

Balor,  a  town  on  the  e:ift  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Lugon.  Long.  122.  5.  E.  Lat. 
15.  18.  N. 

Balotc,  a  tov/n  on  the  e;ift  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Mlndoro.  Long.  121. 15.  E.  Lat. 
13.  3.  N.      , 

Baloii,  a  town  of  Armenia.  25  m.  NW. 
Cars. 

Baku,  a  country  or  kingdom  of  Africa, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Egypt,  on  the  weft 
by  Nubia,  on  the  eaft  by  the  Red  Sea,  and 
on  the  louth  by  Abyflinia  :  180  miles  in 
length,  and  120  in  breadth.  The  Inhabitants 
arc"  Mahometans,  but  tlic  country  is  not 
well  peopled. 

Batoury,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  the 
province  of  Agra.    4c  miles  W.  Dhoolpour. 

Baloi'.ry,-A.  town  of  Hindooihiri,  inBahai. 
28  miles  E.  Bahar. 

Baloygunge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Gurry"  Mundellih,  on  the  Ncrbudda.  7 
uYles  NW.  Mundellah. 

Baljhira,  a.  town  of  Bengal.  •  j<  miles  N. 
Calcutta. 


B  A  L 

Bahcinit  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  eaft  coafl  of 
the  ifland  of  Colonfa.  Long.  6. 7.  W.  Lat. 
56.  6.  N. 

Bals,  ariver  of  Weft  Greenland,  which  runs 
Inrothe  fea,  Lo?ig.  50.  lo.W.  Lat. 6^. 2,0.'^. 

Bah  Fiord,  a  bay  on  the  ealt  coaft  of  Ice- 
laud.    Z^/.  6j.8.N. 

Balfano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Bari.     7  miles  S.  Baii. 

Baljar,  El,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  audience  of  Quito.    70  m.N  Guayaquil. 

Balfat,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  jurifdidion 
of  Caxamarca,  near  the  river  Maragnon. 
4a  miles  N.  Caxamarca. 

Balfas,  a  town  of  the  province  ofDarien. 
25  miles  SW.  St.  Maria  du  Darien. 

Baljly  Clift,  a  high  land  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  England,  between  Qrford  and  Harwich. 

Baljhadnk,  a  town  of  Circaffia.  50  miles 
W.  Eflcikcfek. 

Balfora,  fee  Bajfora. 

Baifora,  a  town  of  Kemaon.  24  miles  N. 
Burtapour. 

Balfin,  a  fmall  ifland,  on  the  weft  lide  of 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.  17.  22.  E.  Lat. 
6I.44-N. 

Baljial,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Solcure.     10  miles  NE.  Soleure. 

Balta,  one  of  the  fmaller  Shetland  iflands, 
rear  the  eaft  coaft  of  Unft.     Long.^.  2.W. 

■  Bait  as,  a  town  of  Courland.  20  miles  E. 
Seelburg. 

Baltchlmkin,  the  eaftern  name  of  the  Black. 
Sea. 

Baltchutzko,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Kolivan. 

Baltduk,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  a  gulf  of 
the  Black  Sea.  12  miles  NE.  Varna.  Long. 
28.  E.  Lat.i,T,.  22.  N. 

Baltcrjhdm,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Wurzburg.  2  miles  W.  Aub. 

Balfick,  an  inland  fca,  on  the  north-weft 
part  of  Europe,  formed  by  the  coafts  of  Swe- 
den, Rullia,  Courland,  Pruffia,  Germany, 
and  Denmark  :  there  are  a  great  number  of 
iflands  in  this  fca.  Aland,  which  is  lituated 
in  tlie  nonliern  part,  and  divides  it  from  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia  ;  Dago,  and  P^fel,  or  Oefel, 
near  the  coafl  of  Ruflia ;  Gotliland,  and 
Oeland,  belunging  to  Sweden;  Rugcn,  apart 
of  PomcraPiia  ;  Bornholm,  Falfter,  Moen  or 
lyiona,  and  Laland,  belonging  to  Denmark; 
bclides  a  number  of  other  fmaller  ones  ;  the 
iflands  of  Zealand  and  Funen  leparate  it 
from  the  Cattcgat  Sea.  The  length,  from 
fouth-wcft  to  north-eaft,  ratlicr  more  than 
600  miles  ;  and  its  breadth  between  Sweden 
and  G^-rmaiiy  about  75  miles,  but  in  fomc 
places  15c.  The  general  paflage  for  vcflels 
from  the  North.Sea  intothcBrJtic,  is  through 
a  narrow  paflage  between  the  coaft  of  Swe- 
den and  the  illand  of  Zealand ;  and  a  toll 


B  A  L 

is  paid  by  vefTels  to  the  king  of  Denmark, 
for  the  purpofe  of  maintaining  light-houfes, 
as  a  guide  for  mariners  in  the  night.  Seve- 
ral large  rivers  empty  themfelves  into  the 
Baltic,  as  the  Dwina,  the  Oder,  the  Viftula, 
the  Rega,  the  Perfante,  the  Niemen,  &c. 
which  give  a  degree  of  freflinefs  to  the 
water,  and  probably  make  it  more  liable  to 
be  frozen,  which  it  generally  is  for  3  months 
in  the  winter,  io  as  completely  to  hinder  its 
navigation.  It  is  obferved,  that  a  current 
always  runs  from  this  fea  through  the  Sound 
to  the  Atlantic. 

Baltiijkoi,  or  Port  Baltic,  a  feaport  town 
of  Ruflia,  in  the  government  of  Revel,  on  the 
fouth  coaft  of  the  entrance  into  the  gulf  of 
Finland.  36  m.  W.  Revel, and  140  NNW. 
Riga.     Long.  23.  24.  E.  i^at.  59.  16.  N. 

Balthnore,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Cork,  with  a  good  harbour,  fitu- 
ated  on  the  eaft  ilde  of  a  bay,  to  which  it 
gives  name.  It  was  fonnerly  a  place  of 
trade,  but  being  plundered  by  the  Algerines 
in  163 1,  it  has  never  recovered  itfelf.  It  is 
however  a  corporation,  and  before  the  union 
a  borough  town,  which  fent  two  members 
to  the  Irifli  parliament.  13  miles  S.Bantry. 
i.£i«ij-.  9. 16.  W.  Zrt/.  51.  27.N. 

Baltimore,  the  moft  northerly  county  of 
the  ftate  of  Maryland,  on  the  weft  lide  of 
Chef  ipeek  Bay. 

Baltiinore,  a  feaport  town  of  North-Ame- 
rica, in  the  ftate  of  Maryland,  fituated  in  a 
creek,  at  the  extremity  of  chefapeek  Bay. 
It  is  reckoned  the  fourth  in  fize,  and  fifth  in 
trade,  in  the  United  States.  It  contains  nine 
churches,  and  about  12,000  inhabitants;  a 
creek  divides  it  into  two  parts,  Baltimore 
Town  and  Fell's  Point;  to  the  latter  of  which 
large  veflels  can  fail,  but  only  fmall  veflels 
come  up  to  the  town.  45  miles  NE.  Ana- 
polis.     Long.  76.  46.  W.  Lat.  39.  17.N. 

Baltimore,  North,  a  town  of  New-York, 
on  the  left  bank  of  Hudfon's-Bay.  13  miles 
S.  Albany. 

Balttnglafs,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Wicklow.  In  1798,  a  battle  was 
fought  here  between  the  royalifts  and  infur- 
ger.is,  in  which  the  latter  were  defeated, 
and  100  killed  ;  of  the  royahfts  fome  were 
wounded,  but  none  killed,  a  7  miles  S.  Naas, 
and  25  W.  Wicklow. 

Baltriim,  an  ifland  in  the  German  Ocean, 
near  the  coaft  of  Eaft  Friezland  ;  about  four 
miles  long,  and  i^  broad.  Long.  7.  10.  E. 
Lat.  ^■},.  40.  N. 

Balifckik,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Bulgaria,  on  a  gulf  of  the  Black  Sea.  18 
miles  NE.  Varna.  Long.  28.  8.  E.  Lat. 
43.45.N. 

Balturta,  a  fait  lake  of  Afiatic  Ruflia,  in 
the  government  of  Orenburg.  144  miles' 
SW.  Uphu,     Long.s%.  4.  £•  Lat.  50.  N. 


BAM 


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Bakz,  a  tow  n  of  Pruffivi,  Li  the  proviccc 
of  Oberland.     9  miles  W.  Paflcnheim. 

Baltzcrs,  ;i  town  of  the  Grifons,  on  the 
Rhine.    6  miles  N.  Miiyenfeld. 

Balve,  a  town  of  Germany,  and  feat  of  a 
bailiwick,  in  the  dutchy  of  Wertphalia,  fitu- 
ated  ontheHohn.  10  miles  SW.  Arenfbcrg, 
and  38  KE.  Cologne.  Long.  7.  52.  E.  Lat. 
51.  17.  N. 

Baljgaiio.,  a  town  on  the  weft  coafl  of  the 
ifl.ind  of  Celebes.  Long.  119.  30.  E.  Lat. 
O.J.N. 

Bain,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province  of 
Kerman.     130  miles  ESE.  Sirgian. 

Ba??iada,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe 
of  La  Paz.     loc  miles  S.  Potofi. 

Bamalotty,  a  town  of  Thibet.  6  miles  S. 
Sirinagur,  and  12N.  Deuprag. 

Bainankoi,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Loango,  and  province  of  A^goi. 

Baniha,  a  province  of  the  kingdom  of 
Congo,  north  of  Angola  ;  where  the  moun- 
tains begin,  in  v/hich  are  found  the  mines  of 
lilver  and  other  metals,  which  reach  to  An- 
gola. The  country  is  rich,  and  carries  on  a 
conliderable  tralhc  in  flaves.  The  animals 
found  are  elcphants,^ftags,  buffaloes,  tigers, 
civets,  and  paroquets.  The  inhabitants  are 
numerous,  Urong,  and  v/arlike ;  they  are 
governed  by  a  prince  or  general,  called 
Mani. 

Ba7)iha,  a  town  in  a  province  of  the  fame 
name,  large  and  populous,  governed  by  a 
duke  ;  about  220  miles  from  the  fea,  in  the 
pofleffion  of  the  Portyguefe.  75  miles  SSW. 
St.  Salvador.     Long.  13.  52.E.  Lat.j.z.S. 

Bawba,  a  village  of  Old  Cartile,  anciently 
called  Gueritum,  and  once  the  fee  of  a  bi- 
fliop.     10  miles  WNW.Valladolid. 

Bainha,  fee  Cuenca. 

Ba7nhaki,  a  town  of  Georgia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Carduel.     15  miles  SW.  Lore. 

Bambainarca,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  ju- 
rifdidtion  of  Patas,  or  Caxamarquilla. 

Bajnhan,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Nile. 
4a  miles  SSE.  Afna. 

Bajnbanglo,  a  town  on  the  north-weft 
coafl  of  the  ifland  of  Lu^on.  Long.  120.  42. 
E.  Lat.  18.41.  N. 

Bainbara,  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  wliofe 
territories  are  on  each  fide  of  the  Niger, 
fituated  to  the  eaft  of  the  Ludamar  and 
Kaarta.     Sego  is  the  capital. 

Baf?iberg,  a  bifhopric  and  principality  of 
Germany,  in  the  circle  of  Franconia  ;  it  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  principality  of 
Coburg  and  the  Vogtland;  on  the  eafl  by 
Brandenburg,  Bayreuth,  and  the  elhites  of 
Nuremberg ;  on  the  fouth  by  the  eflates  of 
Nuremberg,  and  the  principality  of  Schwart- 
zenberg;  and  on  the  weft  by  tlie  bifnopric  of 
Wurtzburg  ;  about  60  miles  in  length,  and 
40  in  breadth.  The  foil  is  rich  and  fertile, 
producing   grain   and  fruit  in   abundance, 


faxFron,  and  liquorice;  and  ncnr  the  city  of 
Bamberg  in  particular,  figs,  lemons,  and 
oranges  ;  the  inhabitants  raife  a  great  nuiw- 
bcr  of  cattle.  The  principal  i  ivers  are  the 
Mavn,  which  rifes  in  this-  principality,  the 
Rotach,  the  Itz,  and  the  Rcdnitz,  befides 
fmaller  ones.  The  principal  towns  are 
Bamberg,  Forcheim,  Ebermanfladt,  Weif- 
chcnfeld,  Kupferberg,  Lichtenfcls,  and  Vil-,' 
feck.  At  the  diet  of  the  empire,  the  Liniop 
takes  the  fourth  place  in  the  council  of' 
the  fpiritual  princes.  The  inliabitaius  are 
Roman  Catholics.  In  1802,  this  bilh^pric 
was  fecularifed,  and  given  as  an  indemnity 
to  the  ElciTtor  of  Bavaria. 

Ba7nhcrg,  a  city  of  Germany,  in  Fran- 
conia,  late  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  but  nowr 
ceded  to  the  Eleftor  of  Bavaria,  called  ia 
Latin  Bergium  and  Bamberaberga;  Ptolemy 
calls  it  Garicnarion.  It  is  pleafimtly  Htuated  ; 
the  livers  Pegnitz  and  Regnitz  run  through 
it,  and  after  torming  fevcral  iflands,  fall  to- 
gether into  the  Maine  about  tliree  miles 
bjlow.  It  has  no  fortifications  but  a  wall, 
fo  that  in  time  ol  v.ar  the  bilTiop  refided  at 
Fortzheim.  This  prelate  held  immediately 
of  tlie  pope,  and  was  the  only  bilhop  in  Ger- 
many who  had  the  pri\  ilege  of  wearing  a 
red  hat,  together  with  the  archbilhop's  Pal- 
lium. The  palace  is  a  large  pile  of  building; 
the  cathedral  is  avail  Gothic  edifice.  The 
emperor  Conrad  III. died  here,  on  his  return 
from  his  unfortunate  expedition  to  the  Holy 
Land  in  1152.  In  loii,  a  council  was  held.' 
here  to  fettle  the  differences  among  tlie  Ger- 
man bifliops.  In  17-9,  it  v/as  taken  by  the 
French.  3c  miles  NNW.  Nuremberg,  and 
110  !■!.  Meniz.  Ltng.  10.  t,'^.  E.  Lat.  49. 
36.  N. 

Bamberg,  Ne'w,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Mont  Tonnerre..  8  miles  S. 
Bingen,  and  20  SW.  Mentz. 

Bamborougk,  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Northumberland,  near  the  cojifl 
of  the  German  Ocean,  with  a  caftle  faid  to 
have  been  built  by  Ina  king  of  the  Nor- 
thumbrians, in  54S.  This  calfle,  with  the 
effate,  was  purchafed  by  Crew  bifhop  of 
Durham,  and  left  to  charitable  ufe?.  One 
of  the  truffees,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sharp,  preben- 
dary of  Durham,  made  this  caflle  his  refi- 
dcnce,  referving  a  part  for  the  ufe  of  himfclf 
and  family,  and  furniihing  a  part  of  the  refl 
for  the  reception  and  accommodation  of 
fliipv/recked  mariners;  and  a  granary  was 
filled  with  corn  to  I'erve  the  poor  in  the  dear 
fcafons  at  a  low,  price.  A  conffant  pairole 
was  kept  every  ftormv  night  the  .whole  ex- 
tent of  the  manor,  eight  miic?,  to  fuccour  the 
diilrcffcd  ;  and  by  a  mode  of  iiring  a  canntm 
ficni  the  calrle,  the  very  place  of  misfortune 
could  be  pointed  out^  and  direiftions  gi'vcn  to 
the  neighbouring  people  to  afTiff.  In  the 
year   1094,  U-bcr:  de  Mowbray,  having  of 


BAM 

fended  William  II.  threw  himfelf  into  this 
cartle,  which,  being  ii-npregnable,  the  king 
turned  the  ficge  into  a  biockad-,  and  erefted 
afoiticls  near  it,  to  prevent  „ny  fuccours 
or  provifiops  being  fent  in  to  the  beheged. 
Mowbray  loon  after  attempting  to  iurpri'.e 
Newcalrie,  was  io  watched  by  the  kmg's 
troops,  that  he  was  compelled  to  fly  to  a 
monartery  at  Tinmouth,  whei  e  he  was  taken, 
and  fentenced  to  perpetual  irnprlfonment. 
4  miles  E.  Belford,  and  324  N.London. 

BaiiihoHchi  or  Bavihyck,  a  town  ot  Syria, 
ubout  five  miles  from  the  Euphrates.  This 
place  was  anciently  cdled  Hierapolis,  which 
v/as  the  Greek  name  given  it  by  Seleucus ;  it 
was  called  ill. o  IJambyce,  whicii  feems  to  be 
the  Svrian  name  ftill  retained.  It  war.  alfo 
called  in  the  ihmc  language  Magog.  It  was 
a  city  of  the  Cvrrheftica,  and  is  liiuat-d  at 
the  fouth  end  of  a  long  vale,  which  is  about 
a  (iiiavter  of  a  mile  broad,  watered  by  a 
Ihcam  which  is  brought  by  the  aqucduiSls 
of  Bambycli ;  and  to  preferve  the  v/ater 
from  being  v/alled,  it  paffes  through  this 
vale  in  an  artificial  channel,  which  is  built 
with  ftone  on  a  level  with  the  ground.  The 
form  of  the  city  was  iiregular  ;  ibme  part  cf 
the  walls  which  remam  entire,  are  about  9 
feet  thick,  and  thirty  high  ;  they  are  cafed 
with  hewn  ftone,  both  within  and  without 
iide,  and  are  about  two  miles  in  circumfe- 
rence :  there  was  a  walk  all  round  on  the  top 
of  the  walls,  to  which  there  is  an  afcent  by 
a  flight  of  fleps,  which  are  built  on  arches. 
The  wall  is  defended  by  towers  on  five  fides, 
.at  the  diilanceof  50  paces  from  each  other ; 
and  there  is  a  low  foiTe  without.  The  four 
gates  of  the  city  are  fifteen  feet  wide,  and 
defended  by  a  iemicircular  tov/er  on  each 
fide.  Tlie  water  that  fupplies  the  town 
'  comes  fiom  a  lull  about  twelve  miles  to  the 
Ibuth ;  and  the  city  being  on  an  advanced 
ground,  the  water  runs  in  a  channel  near 
twenty  feet  below  the  furface  of  the  earth; 
und  in  leverah  parts  of  the  city  there  are 
holes  down  to  the  water  about  live  feet  wide, 
and  lifreen  long,  with  two  ffcones  aciols,  one 
about  five  feet,  the  other  about  ten  feet  from 
the  top  ;  in  order,  it  is  probable,  to  facilitate 
tlie  deieent  to  the  water.  About  200  paces 
s\  ithin  the  laft  gate  there  is  a  raifed  ground, 
on  which  probably  Hood  the  temple  of  the 
Syrian  goddeiii  Atargat's,  thought  to  be  the 
famea.s  Aliiteroth  oi  the  Sidonians,  and  Cy- 
beic  of  the  Romans,  for  whole  worflnji  this 
place  wasfb  famous.  Dr.  Pocock  conjtc- 
rured  it  to  be  aljout  200  feet  in  front.  It  is 
faid,  that  not  only  Syria,  Cilicia,  and  Cap- 
padocia  contributed  to  the  fupport  of  tiiis 
temple,  but  even  Arabia,  and  the  territories 
of  Babylon.  To  the  welt  of  the  town  there 
is  a  high  groi'nd,  and  Ibme  burial  places ; 
there  are  alio  fom.e  to  the  NE.  where  the 
Dut^orfaw-iiikriptioons  in  the  oriental  ka- 


B  A  M 

guagcs,  and  feveral  cr'^es.  At  a  little  dii^ 
tancefrom  the  north  f  aft  corner  of  the  town, 
there  is  a  building  Ike  a  church;  but  wiihia 
there  is  fome  Gothic  work,  fuch  as  is  feen  in 
anrient  mcfques.  There  is  a  room  on  each 
fide  of  the  fouth  end.  The  whole  is  ruin- 
ous, but  very  Ifrongly  built,  and  it  is  called 
the  hoafe  of^Phila. 

Bamboiik,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  capital  of 
a  kingdom,  betvv'een  the  Fatemi  an'i  Sene- 
gal rivers.  It  is  laid  to  be  very  populous, 
and  on  the  borders  of  the  rivers  fertile,  but 
in  other  parts  fandy  and  barren.  The  moft 
remarkable  animals  are  a  fpecies  of  apes, 
whiter  than  the  whitefl  European  rabbits, 
which  they  will  not  allow  to  be  fcnt  out  of 
the  country  ;  white  foxes  ;  the  girafa,  de- 
fciibed  as  an  animal  high,  but  not  fo  large  as 
an  elephant,  ma  e  more  like  a  camel,  of  ex- 
traordinary fwiftnefs.  There  are  fix  gold 
mines,  and  others  of  filver,  tin,  lead,  iron, 
and  loadftone.  Long.  ().  lo.Vi  >  Lat.  i;^. 
25.  N. 

Bcnnhukalafi,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Ttirkey, 
in  the  province  of  NatrJia.  This  was  an- 
ciently a  city  of  Phrygia,  and  called  Hera- 
polis,  and  was  the  fee  of  a  bifliop.  Its  pre- 
fent  name  figr.iiics  the  caftle  of  cotton,  from 
the  whitenefs  ol  the  furrounding  rocks.  la 
miles  N.  Degnizlu. 

Bcwijf,  or  Banff,  a  feaport  town  of  Scot- 
land, and  capital  of  a  county  to  which  it 
gives  name,  is  pleafantly  fituated  at  th.e  lide 
of  a  hill  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  Frith  of 
Murray,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Devron  ; 
the  harbour  is  neither  large  nor  good, 
flopped  often  by  the  fhifting  of  the  lands 
after  llorms.  It  is  a  royal  burgh,  united 
with  Culien,  F'lgin,  Inverary,  and  Kinton,  to 
fend  one  member;  it  has  a  new  priion  and 
town-houfe.  The  caftle  was  forme-ly  a 
place  of  ftrength,  and  a  royal  palace,  com- 
mitted in  the  kinp's  abfence  to  the  care  of 
a  flieriff  or  conftabie.  Part  of  th.e  ancient 
wall  yet  remains,  and  there  are  vefliges  of 
the  moat  and  intrenchments.  The  manu- 
fadure  of  thread  and  linen  was  formerly 
very  confiderable,  but  at  prefent  the  for- 
mer has  in  a  great  meafure  given  w;  y  to  that 
offtockings.  Twenty-two  vefFels  belong  to 
the  port,  of  which  eight  are  brits,  from  100 
to  210  tons  burthen  ;  and  fourteen  floops  ot 
60,  80,  and  ICO  tons,  fome  of  which  aie  em- 
ployed in  trade  to  London.  There  is  a 
weekly  market  on  Friday.  In  1801,  the 
number  of  inhabitants  was  3571,  of  whom 
471  were  em.ployed  in  trade  and  m.anufac- 
tures.  44  niiles  NW.  Aberdeen,  and  71  E. 
Invernef?.  Lo?ig.  2.  25. W.  Lat.  57.  .^S.N. 
Bujuffjhire,  or  Banffjhire,  a  maritime 
county  of  Scotland,  bounded  on  the  roith 
by  the  Frith  of  Murray,  on  the  eaft  and 
foutli  by  Abc'.deenihire,  on  the  weft  by  Mur- 
raylhire  and  Invcjnelsllaire,  about  45  miles 


I 


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BAN 


m  length,  i6  in  its  mean  breadth.    Part  of  In  620,  a  battle  was  fought  here  between 

the  county  is  fcparatcd  from  the  reft,  and  is  the  Weft-Saxons  and  the  Britons,  in  which 

furrounded  on  all  (ides  by  the   county  of  aooo  of  the   latter  were  killed.     John  de 

Aberdeen,  except  towards  the  eaft,  where  it  Rampton,  a  C;irmelitc  friar,  who  firft  read 

bordcrr  on  the  German  Oceah.     This  coun-  Ariftotle  at  Cambridp;e,  was  a  native  of  this 

ty,  and  part  of  Aberdeenfhire,  was  anciently  town  ;  he  died  in  1362.     In  1801,  the  num- 

inhabited  by  the  Taiz;ili,  and  was  in  Cam-  ber  of  inhabitants  was  1364.    The  princi- 

den's  time  called  Buchan  ;  buc  part  of  that  pal  manufai^lrrc  is  fergcs.     22  miles  NVV. 

country  is  now  formed  into  the  county  of  Exeter,  and  167  W.London. 

BamfF,  and  the  remainder  annexed  to  Abcr-  Ban,  a  river  of  Hindooftan.  which  runs 

deen.      Baniffshire   is  fubdivided   into  the  into  the  Ciiumbul,  20  m.  SW  Dhootpour. 

diftrivfls  of  Stratlidevron,  Euzie,  Boyne,  Bal-  Banagher,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  King's 

veny,  Strathela,  and  Strathaven.     The  pi  in-  county,  on  the  Shannon.     Before  die  Union 

cipal  rivers  are  tiic  Spcy  and  the  Dt vron  ;  it  fcnt  two  members  to  the  Irifh  parliament, 

and  th£ principal  towns  Bamff,  Fruferburgh,  15  miles  W.  Portarlington.  Long.  7.  54.  W. 


TurrefF,  Cullen,  and  Fochabers.  The  valued 
rent  is  79,200!.  Scots,  and  the  real  land  rent 
43,490!.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants 
vas  35,807  ;  of  whom  4890  were  employed 
in  trade  and  manufactures,  and  11,177  in 
agriculture. 

Baniian,  or  Bani'tgan,  a  town  of  Great 
Bukharia,  in  the  kingdom  of  Balk,  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  Hindookoo  mountains,  in 
the  road  from  Balk  to  Ghizni  and  Lahore: 
about  20  miles  from  Alexandria,  where 
Alexander  left  7000  veterans,  under  the 
command  of  Proexas,  a  nwble  Perfian.  In 
1221,  it  was  taken  by  Jenghiz  Khan,  after  a 
brave  refiftance,  pillaged,  and  deftroyed  ; 
whence  it  obtained  the  name  of  Maubalig,  or 
unfortunate;  it  was  afterwards  rebuilt.  100 
miles  W.  Cabul,  and  1 70  SSE.  Balk.  Long. 
66.50.  E.  /.,7/.34.  35.  N. 

Baniin^ola,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.  ^18  miles  NE.  Mauldah. 

Buniiny,^  town  of  Bengal.  70  miles  S. 
Mahmudpour. 

Baniiny,  a  river  of  Bengal,  which  runs 
into  the  Hooringotta.  Long.  89.  5 1.  E.  Lat. 
22.  10.  N. 

Bannui  atownofPerfia,  in  the  province 
of  Kerman.  Lotig.  75.  •^i,.  E.  Lat.  28. 15.N. 

Bammakoo,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king. 


Lat  53.  6.  N. 

Banahoo  Point,  the  northern  extremity 
of  the  ifland  of  Mindanao.  Long.  125.  21. 
E.  Lat.<).  55.  N. 

Banai,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  15  miles 
E.Lahore. 

Banamatapa,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
country  of  Mocaranga. 

lianancs,  a  clulfer  of  fmall  iftands  in  the 
Atlantic,  near  the  coaft  of  Guinea.  Long, 
12.  30.  W.    Lat.  8.  4.  N. 

Banares,  fee  Benares. 

Banani,  a  town  of  P'erfla,  in  Lariftan. 
30  miles  W.  Lar. 

Banaiv,  a  river  of  Pruflia,  which  runs 
into  the  Frifch  Haffe,  z  miles  WNW. 
Heiligenbeil. 

Ba^iaz,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey.  30 
miles  NW.  Kara-hifar. 

Banhunpnra,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles 
SW.  Pucculoe. 

Banlmry^  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Qxford,  on  the  river  Cherwell.  It 
is  a  corporation  town,  and  has  a  weekly 
market  on  T^hurfdays.  There  is  a  manufac- 
ture of  plufh  or  fhag  cloth,  which  employs 
a  conliderable  number  of  the  inhabitants. 
In  the  year  1469,  a  battle  v.'as  fought  here 
between  the  parties  of  York  and  Lancafter. 


dom  of  Bambarra,  on  the  Niger,  where  that    The  Earl  of  Pembroke,   who  headed  King 


river  becomes  navigable.  Here  is  a  market 
forfalt.  180  miles  SW.  Sego.  Lo?ig.  5.  48. 
W.  Lat.  12.  50.  N. 

Banipalong,  a  town  of  Bengal.  65  miles 
S.Iflamabad. 

Bamplafoy,  a  town  of  Lower  Siam,  on  the 
gulfofSiam.  Long.  101.  36.  E.  Lat.  it,. 
35.  N. 

Bampton,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Oxford,  fituated  on  the  river 
Ifis,  on  the  borders  of  Berkfhire.  In  1801, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  1003.  13^ 
miles  WNW.  Abingdon,  and  69^  WNW. 
London.     Long.  i.  32.  W.  l.at.  51.  44.  N. 

Bainpto?!,  a  town  of  England,  in  ilie 
county  of  Devon,  fituated  on  a  blanch  of 
the  Ex.  It  has  a  weekly  market  on  Wed- 
nefday,  and  formerly  returned  two  members 


Edward's  army,  was  taken  with  his  bro- 
ther, and  both  beheaded  the  next  day  at 
Banbury.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inha- 
bitants was  2755.  23^  miles  N.  Oxford, 
and  75  NW.  London. 

Banca,  an  ifland  in  the  Indian  Sea,  about 
100  miles  long,  and  30  broad,  with  a  chain 
of  mountains  extending  nearly  its  whole 
length  ;  it  is  populous,  and  tolerably  fertile. 
It  lies  to  the  ENE.  of  Sumatra,  being  fepa- 
rated  by  a  narrow  fea,  called  the  Straits  of 
I'anca.  This  ifland  belongs  to  the  kmg  of 
Palembang ;  and  is  celebrated  throughout 
Afia  for  its  im  mines,  firft  difcovered  in  the 
year  1710  or  1711,  which  yield  immenle 
quantities  of  ore,  and  appear  inc.xhauif  ibic  : 
there  are  feven  chief  places  wheie  it  is  dug, 
which  are  under  the  diredion  of  Chinelc 
to  parliament;  near  it  is  a  chalybeate  fpring.  managers,  who  provide  and  pay  for  the  la- 
Yo  L.  I.  O 


BAN 


BAN 


bour  of  the  miners,  v/ho  are  alfo,  in  general,  and  a  half-moon  battery,  mounted  with  Tome 

of  that  nation.    The  tin  is  delivered  by  thefe  large  cannon.     30  miles  N.  Juthia.     Lotig, 

chiefs  to   the  king  of  Palembang,  for  five  ici.  5.  E.  Z^/.  13.40. N. 

rix-dollars  per  125  pounds,  and  by  him  to  Bancoogan,  afmall  ifland,  in  the  Eaftern 

the  Dutch  for  15  rix-dollars,  equal  to  about  Indian  Sea,  near  the  north  coaft  of  Borneo. 

58s.  fterling  per  cwt. Englifii.     The  com-  Long.\i%.  18.  E.  I,at.  G.  2,.^. 


pany  do  not,  however,  always  take  all  that  is 
brought;  for  in  1 7 7o,the government  atBata- 
viarefoh'ed  "not  to  receive  more  than  25,000 
picols,  of  1251b.  each,  from  Palembang  every 
year;  and  as  5000  picols  more  had  been 
delivered  that  year,  no  more  than  20,000 
fliould  be  accepted  in  the  next ;  of  which 
due  notice  (hould  be  given  to  the  king." 
And  yet  the  Dutch  endeavour  to  prevent 
the  tin  from  being  difpofed  of  to  any  others, 
and  keep  vellcis  continually  cruizing  alnno; 


Baiicos,  a  Imall  ifland,  on  the  north-weft 
coaft  of  Honduras.  Z/ii«^.  84.  46.  W.  Lett. 
IS.  24-  N. 

Bai:coul,  a  town  of  Sumatra,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Indrapoura,  where  the  Englilh  have 
a  fort.     Lat.  2.  S. 

Bancout,  or  Fort  Vifloria,  a  fortrefs  of 
Hindooftan,  in  the  country  of  Goncan,  on 
what  is  called  the  Pirate's  Coaft,  with  a 
good  harbour.  It  was  taken  by  the  Eritifh 
under  the  command  of  Captain,   afterwards 


the  fhores,  to  prevent  the  Smuggling  of  it ;  Sir  William  James,  in  1755.    Here  is  a  good 

but  their  vigilance  is  eluded,  and  the  com-  trade  in  fait,  and  the  neighbourhood  abounds 

merce  is  largely  participated  by  private  ad-  in  cattle.     60  miles  S.Bombay.     Long,  "jzt 

venturers.     The  greateft  part  goes  to  the  53._E.  Lat.  18.  5.  N. 


China  market,  wliere  it  is  preferred  to  Eu- 
•■  ropean  tin,  and  the  profit  upon  it  is  fup- 
pofed  by  Sir  George  Staunton  not  to  be  lefs 
any  year  than  150,000!.  fterling;  though,  by 
the  Dutch  account  of  their  China  trade,  this 
feems  to  be  an  extravagant  computation. 
The  king  is  under  ftridf  engagements  to  the 
.  Dutch  to  allov/  them  an  excluflve  trade 
throughout  his  dominions,  and  to  deHver  all 
the  tii:  and  pepper  produced  in  them  at  Ba- 
lavia,  fending  them  thither  in  his  own  fliips, 

•  and  at  his  own  expence.  Long.  105. 15.  to 
106.  40.  E.  Lat.  I.  27.  to  3. 4.  S. 

Banca,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern-In- 
dian  Sea,  near  the  north-caft  coaft  of  Celebes. 
Long.  125.  E.  Lat.  I.  38.  N. 

BiVicalaan,  afmall  ifland  in  the  Eaft  In- 
dies, near  the  fouth-weft  coaft  of  Palawan. 
Long.  127.  18. E.  Lat.%.  15.  N. 

Bancalia,  a  finiall  ifland  in  the  Straits  of 

•  Malacca,  near  the  coaft  of  Sumatra,  about 
60  miles  in  circumference.  Long.J01.54. 
E.  Lat.  1.38.N. 

Bancalis,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Sumatra, 
in  the  kingdom  of  Acheen,  wtih  an  Euro- 
pean facHrory. 

Bancanccr,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Malwa.     30  miles  S.  Tandla. 

Banal potir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
province  of  Sanore,  on  tiic  Toom,  oppolite 
Sanorc,  and  24  miles  NN W.  Biliiagur. 

Bancaro,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  falls 
into  til-'  Zaire,  15  m.  NE.  Concabella. 

Baixa-.vdn.,  a  f  mafl  ifl:ind,  in  theEailern 
Indian  Sea,  north  of  the  ifland  of  Borneo. 
Long.  117.  30.  E.  L^at.  7.  13.  N. 

Banco,A\.o\v\\  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Carthagena.  10  miles  N.  Ta- 
rnalamequc. 

Banco.k,  or  Bankok,  or  Fon,  a  town  of    civil 
A{h\  in   tlic  kingdom  of  Siam,  fituatcd  on 
an  inand  formed  by  the  river  Menan  ;  de- 
fended by  a  v/all  on  the  fides  next  the  land, 


Band,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Golconda. 
20  miles  W.  Rachore. 

Band,  a  town  or  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Mecran.  80  miles  N.  Kie.  Long.  60.  40. 
E.  Lat.  28.  30.  N. 

Band,  or  Bando,  fee  Batnir. 
Banda  IJlands,  a  group  of  iflands,  in  the 
Eaftern  Sea,  lying  to  the  eaft  of  the  Cele- 
bes, fo  called  from  Banda,  the  principal  of 
them.    They  are  flippofed  to  contain  about 
5000  inhabitants,  though  formerly  there  are 
laid  to  have  been  15,000.     Their  chief  pro- 
duce is  nutmegs,  of  which  they  are  compe- 
tent to  fupply  the  want  to  the  reft  of  the 
world.     The  names  of  the  iflsnds  are  Ban- 
da,  or  Lantor ;    Puloway,   or  Poolav/ay ; 
Pulo  Run,  or  Poolaron  ;    Neira,    Gunong 
AfTi,  or  Guanapee  Js.ofyngen  ;  Pulo  Pram- 
pon,   Pulo   Suanjee   Capal,  and   Nylacky. 
The  inhabitants   are  in  alliance    with    the 
Dutch  Eaft-India  Company,  and  furnidi  a 
confiderable  quantity  of  provifions  ;  connft- 
ing  of  wild  boars,  ftags,  fea-cows,  and  other 
articles  of  food,  which  they  barter, at  Neira 
for  piece  goods,  and  other  necefliiries.  This 
trade,  however  trifling,  is  of  much  benefit  to 
the  inhabitants  of  Banda  ;  and  it  is  fuppofed 
the  province  would    reap   greater   advan- 
tages from  it,  if  the  Company  would  allow 
Neira  to  become  a  more  commercial  place  ; 
but  the  fiifpicious  policy  of  the  government 
has  always  been  dircdfed  to  prevent  the  fre- 
quency of  communication   with  the   f'pice- 
iflands,  that  as  little  opening  might  be  left 
as  poiTihle,  for  the  proflcution  of  a  clandef- 
line  tnide,  or  for  the  knowledge  of  the  (itua- 
tion  and  ftate  of  defence  of  thele  pofTcHions. 
The  eftablifliment  of  the  iflesof  Banda  con- 
fided, in  1776  and  1777,   of  55  perfons  in 
civil  empK)yments,    three  clergymen,   fix- 
teen  furgcons,  and  afiillants  v  thirty-five  be- 
longing to  the  artillery  ;  82  feamen  and  ma- 
rines employe4on  fliore;  383  lbldiers,and  40 . 


BAN 

mechanics;  in  all5 14  Europeans,  befides  zt 
of  the  natives   in  the  Company's  fcrvice ; 
yet  the  orders  of  the  Company  require  that 
the  garrifon    fliould   amount  to   70.-   men. 
When  the  EnjjHih  admiral  Rainier  took  pol'- 
feffion  of  theidands  of  A'^'ibovna  and  Banda, 
in  Febri^ary  and  March  i-96,thcfjr(t  and  in- 
deed the  onlv  article  of  the  capit.l.uiun  was, 
that   "  the  fenior  and  junior  officers  of  the 
civil  eftablilhmeiit,  the  clergv,  the  military, 
and  the  marines,  fhould  continue  to  receive 
their  ufual  pav."     Notwithftanding  tlie  na- 
tural means  of  defence  of  thcf-  iOands,  they 
fell  an  ealy  prey  to  the  Englifli  ;  no  refift- 
ance  was  made  either  here  or  at  Amboyna  ; 
nor  was  there  a  fhot  fired,  or  a  man  killed 
on  either  fide.     "The  real  quantity  of  ipiccs 
produced  in  the  Binda  Ifles  has  never  been 
exatSlv  known.     The    lar/elf  qi.anti;y  of 
nutmegs  fold  by  the  Eaif-India  Company 
in  Hoilnnd  at  one  time,  was  280,9641b.,  in 
the  year  1737;  in  1756,  were  fold  241,42715.; 
and  in  1778,   264,1891b.;   the  average  has 
been  taken  at  250,0001b.  annually,    Ibid  in 
Europe  at  75  i^ivc^s    per  pound,    befides 
about  loojooolb.   difpofed  of  in  the  Indies 
at  no  lefs  a  rate.     Of  mace,  the  average  fold 
in  Europe  has  been  9o.,ooolb.  annually,  and 
lojooolb.  in  the  Indies.   Thefeiflands,  how- 
ever, can  ne%'er  be  expected   to  yield  any 
advantage,   befides  that  derived  from   the 
fpice  trade.     Entirely  cut  o't  from  all  other 
parts  of  India,  and  deprived  of  all  com- 
merce, flive  the   trifling  bartering  we  have 
noticed   with  the  indigent   natives   of  the 
fouth-eaflern    and    fouth-weftern     iflands, 
they  are  even   deftitute   of  the   means   of 
fubiiifence  for  their  own   inhabitants,   and 
mulf  he  fupplied  with  every  neceffary  from 
without.  Nature,  v.'ho  has  laviflily  beft owed 
upon  them   articles  of  luxury,   has  denird 
them  thofe  of  indifpenfable  neceHity.  Banda 
is  likewifeaccounted  amoft  unhealthy  place, 
efpecially  at  the  chief  fettlement  of  Neiia: 
fome    attribute    this    circumllance   to   the 
neighbourhood  of  the  volcano,  intheifland 
of  Gunong   Api,  and  others  to  a  def^te- 
rious  quality  in  the  water.     When  Adirirai 
Rainier  took  pofleiTion  cf  Banda,  he  found 
in   the  treafury   66,67?   rix-dollars,  and  in 
ftore  84,7771b.  of  nutmegs,  and  19,5871b.  of 
mace,  befides  other   merchandize.     Lo?ig. 
J30.  37.  E.  Lat,  4. 12.  S. 

BatidcT,   or  Bemla,    a    town  of  Cochin- 
China.     I.07tg.\o'i.  58.  E.   I. at.  13.  36. N. 
Bandachiiar,  a  town  of  Bengal.     10  miles 
NW.  Curruckdea. 

BandalufatT,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaffern 
Indian  Sea,  nearthe  fbuth  ccaff  cf  Mindanao. 
L,o?i^.  122.  58.  E.  Laf.  7.  12.  N. 

Ban  Jeer,   a  town   of  Ilindooftan,   in  the 
circar  of  Gohud.  100  miles  S.  Agra,  44  SE. 
Gohud.    Loijg.  79.  8.  E.    Lat.  24.  45. N. 
Bandelf  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges, 


BAN 

where  a  colony  of  Portugueze  fatled  for- 
merly.   2  miles  N.  Hoogly. 

Bandel,  a  feaport  of  Japan,  on  the  north- 
weft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Niphon.  Long. 
131.45.  E.  /,^v/.  34.  46.  N. 

Ba)2del  d'' Agoa,  a  feaport  town,  on  the 
eaft  coaft  of  Afiica.  Zc-;;^.  49.  E.  Laf.  2, 
20.  N. 

Ba'idel  Cans,  a  town  of  Africa,   on  *he 

coal-  of  the  kingdom  of  Adel.  Lat.  8.  i  i;.N. 

Bandsl  Velko,  or  Old  Port,  v  feap  irt  of 

Africa,  in  Magadoxa.     50  miles  NNE.  Ma-- 

gadoxa. 

Bandtm,  a  town  of  Concan.  19  m.N.Goa. 
Bandaiigur,  a  town  oFHindooftan,  in  Vi- 
fiapour.     20  miles  E.  Badammy. 
Bauder-AbaJJl,  fee  Ganihron. 
Bandera s.   a   large    bay   in  the   Pacific 
Oc-an,  on  the  welt  coaft  of  Mexico,  be- 
tween Cape  Corientes  and  Tintoque  Point. 
Lat.  20.  30  N. 

Bafjdervialanka,  a  town  of  Hindooffan,  in 
the  circar  of  Rajtihmundry.  38  miles  S« 
Ry.jahmundry. 

Banderfatidry,  a  town  of  Hindcoftan,  in 
the  fubah  ofAgunere.  20  m.  ESE.  Agimere. 
Ba.'deroniji,  a  chain  of  rocky  iflands,  in 
the  Grecian  Archipelago,  near  the  SW.  cotifl 
of  Paros.  Long,  zs.-j.  E.  Lat.  36.  58.  N. 
Banderpol,  a  town  of  Hindoofl:an,in  OrifTa. 
30  miles  W.  Balafore. 

Bandho'-.gur.,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  circar  of  Sohagepour.  20  miles  NW. 
Sohagepour.  Long.Zi.^o.'E.  Z<7^.23.48.N. 
Bar.di,  a  river  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Calabar,  in  Lower  Gumea,  which  runs 
into  the  lea  by  two  channels,  with  a  town  of 
the  fame  name  on  an  ifland  at  its  mouth. 

Banditti  Ijlatid,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
Eaflern  Indian  Sea,  at  the  fouth  entrance  of 
the  Straits  cf  Lombok.  Long.  iij.  30.  E. 
Z(7^.  8.44.  S. 

Baudon,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  empties 
itfelf  into  the  harbour  of  Kinfale,  in  the 
county  of  Cork. 

Bandonbridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Cork,  on  the  tiver  Bandon,  built, 
in  1610,  by  the  firft  Earl  of  Cork.  It  fends 
one  member  to  the  Imperial  Parliament.  1 1 
miles  SW.  Cork,  and  8  NW.  Kinfale. 

Bandora,  a  town  of  Hindoolfan,  on  the 
fouth  coafl  of  the  ifland  of  Salfetta.  6  r/Jles 
N.  Bombay. 

Bandt,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  German  Ocean, 
near  the  coaft  of  Eaft-Friefland.  Long.  6. 
33.  E.  Lat.  SI-  36. N. 

Ba/idjhappottr,  a  town  of  Flindooftan,  in 
Allahabad.     6  mile?  E.  Jionpour. 

Bane,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ardeche.  3  miles  S.  Les  Vans. 
Baneas,  a  town  of  Syria,  anciently  called 
Balanea  and  Valania.  at  them>niili  of  a  river 
which  runs  into  the  Med'tf.rranean.  %\  m. 
S.Latakia,  and 34  N.Tripoli. 
O  % 


BAN 

Bttnfe,  or  Banme,  a  fmall  inand.  in  the 
Engiifh  Channel,  near  the  coaft  of  France. 
1  miles  SW.  Ufhant.  Long.  4.55-  W.  Lat. 

Baneza,   La,    a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Leon.     10  miles  SSE.  Aftorga. 
Banff,icc  Bamff. 

Barv^a,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  ^^'hidah,  on  the  Slave  coaft. 

Banga,   a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Congo.     10  miles  N.  Bamba,  and  70 
S W.St. Salvador.  Long.  13.55.E.  Za^7.S. 
B:ingah,  a  town  of  Bengal.     30  miles  E. 
Silhct. 

^a«^^^(55;7)',abranchof  the  Ganges, which 
runs  into  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  Long.  88.50. 
E.  Lnf.ii-  33-  N. 

Bangadoony,  an  ifland  in  the  mouth  of  the 
Ganges,  about  16  miles  in  circumference. 
Long.  87.  53.  E.  Lat.ti.T,s.^. 

Bagahan,  a  fmalj  ifland,  near  tlie  fouth 
coaft  of  Mindanao.  Long.  laz.  40.  E.  Lat. 
7.  I.  N. 

Bangally,  a  town  of  Bengal,  ^s  m.  ENE. 
Calcutta. 

Bangalore,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Myfore  country,  ftrongly  fortified ;  for- 
merly the  capital  of  a  kingdom,  and  in  1655, 
governed  by  a  Polygar  Rajah,  who  about 
that  time  was  difpoflefled  by  the  king  of 
Viliapour.  The  kmg  of  Myfore  afterwards 
obtained  and  granted  it  to  Hydcr  Ali,  in 
reward  of  a  vidory  obtained  by  him  over 
the  Mahrattas.  The  town  or  pettah  is  of 
great  extent.  The  palace  built  by  Tippoo 
is  a  beautiful  ftrufture.  In  the  neighbour- 
hood are  manufactures  of  filk  and  woollen. 
The  inhabitants  arc  chiefly  Hindoos ;  the 
military  chiefly  Mahometans.  It  was  taken 
bv  a  detachment  of  Britifli  forces  under  Col. 
Floyd,  in  the  month  of  March  1791,  but  re- 
ftored  tlie  year  following.  58  m.  NE.  Serin- 
gapatam.   /.(?;;^.  77.  46.  E.  /.<?/.  la.  58.  N. 

Bangan,  a  river  of  the  ifland  of  Lucjon, 
which  runs  into  the  lea,  Zo/;^.  120.  48.  E. 
Lat.  18.42.  N. 

Bivigangas,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Mindanao.  Long.  123.  45.  E. 
y.^/.  7.18.  N. 

Bangar,  a  town  on  the  noith  coaft  of 
the  ifland  oi  Lu9on.  Long.  121.  27.  E. 
Lat.  18.  40.  N. 

Bangurah,  a  branch  of  the  Ganges,  which 
runs  into  the  Bay  yt  Bengal,  Lang.  87.  5. 
E.  Lat.  21.  47.  N. 

Bangariu!,  a  town  of  Lower  Siam,  (itu- 
aicd  on  the  weft  cualf,  in  a  bay  of  the  Eaf- 
tern  Indian  Sea.  j5o  miles  S.  Tennaflcrim. 
Lat.  8.  58.  N. 

Bangaj/i,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fooladoo. 
L'lig.  6.  45-  W.  Lat.  I  j.  10.  N. 

Bangcnnyiv,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.  37  miles  W.  Lucknow.  Lw/t;.  80. 
3».  E.  Lat.  26.  50.  N. 


BAN 

Bangcs,  a  clufter  of  fmall  ifland*  in  the 
Molucca  PafTage.  Long.  124.  15.  E.  Lat. 
1.45.  S. 

BangOy  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  In- 
dian Sea,  near  the  coaft  of  Siam.  Long.  98. 
42.  E.  Lrt/.  7.  48.N. 

jB^«^cr</'/^,  a  town  of  Bengal.  36  m.  NNE. 
Calcutta.  i 

Bangor,  a  town  or  city  of  North-Wales,  ! 
in  the  county  of  Carnarvon,  and  fee  of  a 
bifliop,  ereffed  in  the  fixth  century ;  the 
town  is  fmall,  of  only  one  ftreet,  half  a  mile 
in  length  :  it  is  lituated  at  the  head  of  a  bay 
to  which  it  gives  name,  at  the  northern  ex- 
tremity of  the  Menai  Straits,  which  divide 
Anglefea  from  the  main  land.  A  new  har- 
bour has  been  lately  erected,  at  the  charge 
of  the  Right  Rev.  Dr.  Warren,  bifliop  of 
Bangor.  The  diocefe  extends  over  the  '" ' 
county  of  Carnarvon,  greater  part  of  the 
county  of  Merioneth,  part  of  Denbighfliire, 
and  the  ifland  of  Anglefea.  The  revenues 
are  fmall.  In  12 10,  it  was  burned  by  King 
John.  The  number  of  inhabitants  1770.  16 
miles  SW.  Aberconway,  and  25 1  NW.  Lon- 
don.    Long.  4.  8.  W.  Lat.  58.  20.  N. 

Bangor,  afeaport  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Down,  with  a  large  bay  or  har- 
bour, on  the  fouth  fide  of  Belflift  Lough. 
Before  the  Union  it  fent  two  members  to  the 
irifli  parliament.  10  m.NE.Bclfaft.  Long. 
S.'i'i,.  W.  Lat.  54- 39-  N- 

Bangor,  or  Bangor  Monachoruni,  a  vil- 
lage of  North-Wales,  in  Flintfhire,  on  the 
river  Dee;  though  now  fmall,  it  was  once 
the  fite  of  a  famous  monaftery,  of  which 
the  prefent  cathedral  in  Carnarvonfliire  is 
laid  to  be  the  ofi'spring.  Here  was  probably 
an  ancient  city  called  Borium,  or  Bonium  ; 
and  certainly  a  very  ancient  monaflery, 
though  not  &  old  as  to  bethe  contemporary 
with  King  Lucius.  Beda  and  others  men- 
tion it  as  very  flourifliing  in  the  time  of  St. 
Auguftine  ;  and  it  muft  have  been  lb,  if,  as 
all  our  writers  except  one  report,  thatEthel- 
dred  king  of  the  Angles,  in  his  wars  with 
the  Britons,  in  the  beginning  of  the  feventh 
century,  flew  near  1200  of  them  for  praying 
for  the  fuccefs  of  their  countrymen  and  fel- 
low-Chriftians  againft  the  Saxon  infidels ; 
after  that  it  went  to  decay  ;  for  \\'i!Iiam  of 
Malmft-iury,  who  lived  fliortly  after  the  Nor- 
man conqueft,  fays,  there  remained  in  his 
time  only  the  footfteps  of  fo  great  a  place  : 
fo  many  ruinous  churches,  and  fuch  heaps 
of  rubbifli  as  were  elfe where  hardly  to  be 
met  with.  Speed  fays,  this  was  the  firft 
monaftery  that  was  read  of  in  the  world. 
Some  writers  have  confidered  Pelagius  ab- 
bot of  this  monaftery,  but  this  is  doubtful. 
6  miles  SE.  Wrexliam. 

Bangri,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  Siam, 
at  the  mouth  of  a  liver.  Long.  98.  19.  E. 
L.xt.  8.  46.  N. 


B  A  W 

Bangrco,  a  town  of  Beb'gal.  2,S  miles  ESE. 
Doef'a. 

Batjgue,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  7.  42.  N. 

Banguey,  an  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  Indian 
Sea,  about  50  miles  in  circumference,  near 
the  north  coaft  of  Borneo.  Long.  117.20. 
E.  Lat.  7.  15.  N. 

Baugurfea,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Burfali.     40  miles  NNW.  Kower. 

Banhot  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.     10  miles  NE.  Vifeu. 

Baiii,  a  fmall  difhict  of  Africa,  in  the 
country  of  Calabar,  containing  nine  or  ten 
villages. 

Bani,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Capitanata. 
10  miles  S.  Troia. 

Bania,  a  river  of  Croatia,  which  runs  into 
theLenia. 

Baniac,  a  fmall  ifland,  near  the  weft  coaft 
of  Sumatra,  in  the  Indian  Sea.  Long.  96. 
48.  E.  Lat.  1,42.  N. 

Banjaliika,  or  Bagnalitka,  a  town  of  Eu- 
ropean Turkey,  in  Bofnia,  the  reddence  of 
a  pacha.  144  m.  W.Belgrade,  26  S.  Gra- 
difca.     Long.  17.  9.  E.  Lat.^^.:^.  N. 

Banjar  MaJJbn,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Borneo,  in  a  kingdom  of  the  fame  name, 
where  the  Dutch  have  a  factory  and  a  fmall 
fort.  A  junior  merchant  is  Rationed  herewith 
about  25  or  30  foldiers.  The  obje<5t  of  diis 
eftablifhment  is  chiefly  the  colleftion  or  pur- 
chafe  of  the  pepper  and  rough  diamonds 
produced  in  the  country.  Five  per  cent,  on 
the  pepper  coUefted  is  allowed  to  the  re(i- 
dent :  the  contraft  entered  into  with  the 
king  obliges  him  to  deliver  600,000  pounds, 
at  three  llivers  per  pound  ;  and  this  is  the 
only  article  which  induces  the  Company  to 
retain  this  pofl'clEon  ;  for  the  profits  on  the 
rough  diamonds,  gold,  wax,  canes,  and  fago, 
would  not  be  fufHcient  to  make  good  the 
charges.  The  refpe^live  qualities  of  thefe 
latter  articles  are  alfo  fo  inferior,  that  the 
trade  of  the  Company  in  them  is  confined  to 
a  mere  t/ifle.  Banjar  Maffim  is  of  no  im- 
^ortanc<^  to  the  Company  as  a  fource  of  re- 
venue, for  they  do  not  poflefs  afoot  of  land 
without  their  fort,  and  are  obliged  to  be 
conftantly  on  their  guard  agalnfl  the  infi- 
dious  attacks  of  the  natives ;  though  in  1769, 
an  order,  which  was  made  in  1754,  for  all 
captains  of  vefTels  going  thither,  "  not  to 
land  all  the  cafh  they  had  on  board  for  the 
.faiftory  at  one  time,"  was  withdrawn  ;  the 
fort  being  then  thought  fufHciently  llrong  to 
withftand  any  aflault  of  the  Indians.  The 
charges  of  this  elfablifhment  are  fcarcely  co- 
vered by  the  profits  accruing  on  this  fcanty 
trade.     Long  114.  50.  E.  Lat.  i."^. 

Banjaixe,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Alla- 
bad.     24  miles  S.  Maher. 

Banica,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  St,  Do- 
IDingo.    40  miles  SE.  C.ipe  Fr^gaife. 


BAN 

Baulfenk,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  capital 
of  Dcntila.  Lojig.io.  a,o.Vi .  J. at.  12. sn.T^. 

Baniffantt  a  town  on  the  eaif  coall:  of 
Madagafcar.  Z,5//^.  50.  iS.E.  Z-^/.  15.  25.S. 

Bankala,  an  illand  in  tne  Eallern  Indian 
Sea,  about  20  miles  in  circumference,  near 
the  eaft  coaft  of  Celebes.  Long.  12a.  51.  E. 
Lat.  2.  30.  S. 

Batjkapour,  a  towit  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Myfore  country,  taken  by  Captain  Little,  on 
the  24th  December,  i"9i.  60  miles  SW. 
Bedanore,  and  9  NW.  Seringapatam. 

Bankafoy,  a  town  of  Lower  Slaiiii  on  the 
weft  fide  of  the  gulf.  70  miles  S.  Juthia. 
Long.  100.  38.  E.  Lat.  13. 12.  N. 

Bankib  jf:r,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the 
province  ot  Hoogly.     10  miles  N.  Calcutta. 

Bankipour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.     5  miles  W.  Patna. 

Benkodang,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern 
Indian  Sea.    Lo)ig.  118.  2.E.  Lat.s  12.  S. 

Bankok)  fee  Bancok. 

Banki's Ijla?id,  an  ifland  in  the  Southern 
Pacific  Ocean,  on  the  fouth-eaft  coaft  of 
Tavai  Poenammoo,  from  which  it  is  diflant 
about  15  miles;  of  a  circular  form,  60  mi.es 
in  circumference,  and  fufficiently  high  to 
befeen  12  or  15  leagues.  The  land  has  a 
broken  irregular  furface,  with  the  appear- 
ance of  barrennefs  rather  than  fertiiiiy  ;  yet 
it  was  inhabited,  for  Imoke  was  leen  in  one 
place,  and  a  few  flraggling  natives  in  an- 
other. Long,  of  the  fouth  point  186. 30.  W. 
Lat.  43.  32.  S. 

Bankx^j  //land,  an  ifland  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  welt  coaft  of  North- 
America.  About  60  miles  long,  and  5  broad. 
Long.  129.  45.  to  1^0.  10.  W.  Lat.  s;^. 
30.  N. 

Banks^s  Port,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
North-America.  Long.iZ^.W.  Lat.  $(i. 
40.  N. 

Bankfera,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince or  Hoogly.    1 8  miles  SSE.  Calcutta. 

Bann,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  rifes  in 
the  county  of  Dromore,  about  8  miles  eaft 
of  Newry,  pafics  through  Lough  Neagh, 
and  runs  into  the  North  Sea,  about  4  rrtiles 
NW.  Coleraine. 

Bannalec,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Finifterre.  6  miles  NW.  Quim- 
perle,  and  4  SE.  Rofporden. 

Bannhridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Down,  on  the  Bann.  12  miles 
NNE.  Newry,  and  20  W.  Downpatrick. 

Bannec,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eugiifh 
Channel,  near  the  coaft  of  France.  Lofig.  4. 
SS.  W.   Lat.  48.  25.N. 

Banncgon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Cher.  26  ni.  SSE.  Bourgc^.. 

Banmachung,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  tlie 
province  ofSilhet.     i^  miles  SW.  Silhet. 

Banniafcray,  a  town  ot  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.    la  utiles  NE-  Fyzabad. 


BAN 

Bativigtinge,  z  town  of  Bengal,  in  the 
province  of  Goragot.  5  miles  NW. 
Goragot. 

Banmckhuni,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Stirling,  where  a  battle  was  fought 
between  the  Englifh  and  Scors,  on  the  aqth 
of  June,  1314,  m  which  the  Engliih  were 
defeated  with  great  lofs.  Here  too  James 
III.  king  of  Scotland,  in  1487,  was  defeated 
by  his  fubjcdts,  wounded,  and  foon  afcer 
murdered  bv  a  prieft  taking  his  confelTion. 
a  miles  S.  Stirling. 

Banr.onxi,  a  Icaport  town  of  Ireland,  in 
the  county  of  Wexf  )rd,  nerr  the  fouth-eaft 
coaft  of  Ireland.  1 1  miles  ESE.  Waterfoi  d. 
Z,o;/^.  6.  50.  W    Li3/.  52.  iz.  N. 

Bannya,  a  town  of  Ben'j;al,in  the  province 
of  Kilhenagur.     18  rn.N.  Kifhenagur. 

Baniiychock.  a  town  of  Hmdooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.     14  miles  N.  Bahar. 

Bino,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Baltic,  eaft  of 
Aland.     Long.  20   z/^.E.  Lat.  60.6. 'N. 

Bu'ion,  a  town  of  Frnnce,  in  the  depa.t- 
ment  of  the  Lower  Alps.  8  miles  NW. 
Fo'-alquier. 

Banoncourt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  th->  Meufe.     4  m.N.  Si  M  luel. 
Banos,dL\.Q\M\-\    !  Peru.     8?  ni.  N.Lima 
Banost  a  town  or  South-Am  -ric  .   in  the 
provinc':"  of  Quito.  30  miles  N.  RiL>bamba. 
Ba/:- ij,  fee  Bwmoo. 

Banque,  or  Bangtie,  a  liver  of  Guinea, 
which  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Lat-  7.  45.  N. 
Btinsdah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guze- 
rat.  2:5  miles  SE.  Su  at. 

Biinfen,  a  tuv./n  or  Pruflia,  in  the  province 
ofErnieland.     iS  miles  ESE.  Heilfperg. 

Ba'ifey,  \   town  of  Hindooftan,  in  A!la- 

habid.     45  miles  FNE.  Fyrabad,  120  NE.' 

Allahabad.     Long.  83. 14.  E.  Lit.  27.7.  N. 

Banfgurry,   a   town   of  Hindooftan,  in 

Oude.     10  miles  NW.  Li:c'-'novv. 

Banfkara.i'A.  town  of  Hindooftan,  inOude. 
45  miles  S.  Bcreilly. 

Ba.ifivaleh,  a  circar  of  Hindooftan,  fitu- 
atcd  on  the  fouth-wcft  part  of  Malwa. 

Banfwarah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
countrv  of  Malwa.  75  miles  W.  Ougein, 
10.5  ENE.  Amedabad.  Long.  74.  zj.  E. 
Lat.  23.  25.  N. 

BiV'fy,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Oude.  46 
miles  NE.Fyzabad.  Loiig.Z^.iA,.^..  Lat. 
2.7.  7.  N. 

B.:nt,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  Ger- 
many, at  the  mouth  of  the  Ems.  Long.  7. 
E.  J^at.  2,5' T,.  N. 

BuntaviyW  lea  port  on  the  north-weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Java,  and  capital  of  a  king- 
citmi,  (ituatcd  in  a  bay  famed  formerly  lor 
being  the  piincipal  rendezvous  of  the  (hip- 
ping li  om  Europe  in  the  Eaft.  Bantam  was 
the  great  nuirt  for  pepper  and  other  f'pices, 
liom  \vlieMCc  they  were  diftributed  to  the 
uil  of  die  world.    The  chief  faaory  of  the 


BAN 

Englifh,  as  well  as  Dutch  Eaft-India  com- 
pany was  fe'tled  there.     The  merchants  of 
AralDia  and  Hindooftan  reforted  to  it.     Its 
fovereigns  were  fo  defirous  of  encouraging 
trade,  by  giving  fecurity  to  foreign    mer- 
chants againft  the  violent  and  revengeful  dif- 
pofrcion  of  the  natives,  that  the  crime  of 
murder  was  never  paidoned  when  commit- 
ted againft  a  ftranger,  but  might  be  com- 
muted by  a  foreigner  'or  a  fine  to  the  rela- 
tions of  the  deceaied.    This  place  flourifhed 
for   a  confiderable  time ;    but    the    Dutch 
having  concjueied  the  neighbouring  province 
of  Jacatra,  where  thev  fince  have  built  Ba- 
tavia,  and  transferred  their  principa'  bufinefs 
to  it;  ;ind   the  Enslifli   having  removed  to 
Hindoo^:'!!  and  China;  and  trade  in  other 
refpefts  having  taken  a  new  courfe;  Ran*ani 
was  red'iced  to  a  poor  remnant  of  its  former 
opulence  and   importance.     Oth^r  circura- 
ftances   h  ive   accelerated   its   decline ;  the 
bay  isfo  choaked  up  with  daily  accefTions  of 
new  earth,  wafhid  down  from  the  moun- 
tai:i'.,  as  well  as  by  coral  fhoals  extendmg 
a  confiderable  way  lo  the  eaftward,  that  it  is 
i  accefTibl"  ar  prel'ent  to  veffcls  of  burthen, 
A  ^ire  dofb'oyed  mutl  of  the  houfes  rhne;. 
and  fev;  have  been  fincv".  rebuilt.    With  the 
trade  of  Bantam  th.e  power  of  its  f  .veieign 
declined.     In  his  wars  with  other  princes  of 
Java,  he  called  in  the  afTil-l:ance  of  the  Dutch; 
and  frc.m  that  period  he  became  in  fad  dieir 
captive.     He  refides  in  a  palace,  built  in  the 
European  ftyle,  widiin  a  fort,  garrifbned  by 
a  detachment  from  Batavia;  of  wh'ch  the 
commander  twkes  his  orders  not  from  the- 
king  of  Bantam,  but  from  a  Dutch  chief  or 
governor,  who  lives  in  another  fort  adjoin-? 
I.  g  the  town,  and  nearer  to  the  tea  fide. 
His   Bantamefc    majelly  is  allowed,  how-? 
ever,  to  maintain  a  body  of  native  troops, 
and    has  feveral   fmall  armed   veffels,    by  . 
means   of  which    he   maintains    authority 
over  fome  part  of  the  Ibuth  of  Sumatra, 
Hisfubjeds  are  obliged  to  fell  to  him  all  th^ 
pepper  they  raife  in  either  ifland  at  a  low 
pi  ice,  which  he  is  under  contraft  with  thq 
Dutch  ro  deliver  to  them  at  a  fmall  advance, 
and  mucn  under  the  markeiable  value  of  that 
commod'.ty      The   prefent   king  joins  the 
fpiritual  to  the  temporal  power,  and  is  liigh 
prieft  of  the   religion  of  Mahomet;    with 
which  he  mingles,  indeed,  fomc  of  the  1  ites 
and  fuperftitions  of  the  aboiiginal  inhabi- 
tants of  Java.    The  town  lies  low,  at  the 
foot  of  a  mountain,   and  watered  by  three 
rivers,  two  of  which  run   round,  and  the 
other  through  the   town :  the  walls  are  of 
brick,  with  cannon  placed  at  the  angles,  and 
two  towers  ;  the  gates  are  not  ftrong  ;  and 
the  town  confitfs  only  of  3  ftreets,  not  paved, 
but  covered  with  eoarle  land.     The  !  (uifes 
are  lurrounded  with  cocoa-trees;  they  are 
built  with  ftiaw  and  role-wood,  fupport^  • 


BAN 

by  carved  pillars,  and  covered  with  palm- 
leaves  :  the  palace  is  large,  but  without  tafte, 
and  without  magnificence.  Before  the  mo- 
nopoly by  the  Dutch,  Bantam  was  a  good 
mart  for  all  the  commodities  of  Incii ;  t-Iiey 
annually  exported  three  million  pounds  of 
pepper.  The  kingdom  of  Bantam,  which 
forms  the  weftern  divifion  of  Java,  is  about 
4C0  miles  in  circumference.  Bantam  became 
ll:ri6tly  connected  with  the  Dutch  Eaft-India 
company  in  1680,  by  means  of  the  a(lifl.ance 
afforded  by  them  againft  Sultan  Agon,  who 
had  formerly  abdicated  the  throne,  but  who 
had  refumed  the  fceptre  again.  His  fon  foli- 
cited  and  obtained  the  aid  of  the  company 
towards  eilabiiniing  him  in  the  government; 
yet  the  country  remained  in  a  manner  inde- 
pendent, and  its  trade  continued  free  ;  but 
upon  this,  encroachments  were  pra<5lifed 
from  time  to  time,  and  it  was  fought  to  draw 
the  bands  of  connection  with  Bantam  more 
clofe,  by  giving  afliilaDce  towards  reducing 
the  revolted  province  of  Succadana  in  Bor- 
neo, which  formerly  belonged  to  Bantam, 
and  is  ftili  an  appendage  of  that  kingdom. 
At  laft,  in  1751,  Bantam  became  wholly  a 
iief  of  the  company,  occafioned  by  the  for- 
tunate ilTue  of  the  commotions  there :  the 
king  was  then  privately  taken  hold  of,  and 
continued  a  prifoner,  while  a  prince  of  the 
blood  royal,  who  had  been  kept  in  exile  at 
Ceylon,  was  exalted  to  the  throne  in  his 
ftead  ;  and  a  yearly  tribute  of  one  hundred 
bhars  of  pepper,amountingto  37,500  pounds 
weight,  is  now  paid  to  the  company  from 
Bantam.  Although  the  fultan  or  king  of 
Bantam  is  a  vaflal  of  the  company,  he  is, 
neverthelefs,  a  fovereign  prince,  lord  and 
mafter  of  life  and  death,  and  uncontrouled 
in  his  authority  over  his  own  fubjefts.  He 
lays  taxes,  augments  or  lightens  them,  ac- 
cording to  his  own  good  pleafure  ;  and  has 
all  other  regalia  and  marks  of  fovereignty 
appertaining  to  a  free  monarch,  excepting 
that  he  is  reflrided  from  entering  into  any 
alliances  or  engagements,  either  with  any 
European  powers,  orwith  thelndian  princes; 
as  likewife  from  felling  any  of  the  produc- 
tions of  his  territories  to  any  other  than  to 
the  company ;  and  this  reftritStion,  as  to 
trade,  relates  not  only  to  his  kingdom  of 
Bantam,  but  alfo  to  the  articles  produced  in 
his  dependent  provinces,  in  Borneo  and  Su- 
matra. Bantam  has  the  fmallcft  population 
of  all  the  dlvKions  of  Java  ;  its  whole  ex- 
tent comprehends  no  more  than  5000  tjatjars, 
or  families,  and  confequently  only  30,000 
inhabitants.  The  air  is  in  general  here  very 
unhealthy,  and  the  mortality  pretty  confi- 
derable.  All  the  iflands  in  the  Ibaits  of 
Sunda,  from  Prince's  liland  to  Hog  Ifland, 
belong  to  the  kingdom  of  Bantam.  Long. 
J06.  3.  E.  Lat.  6,  4.  S. 
Bantam  Fo'tnt^  tbe  north-weft  extremity 


BAN 

of  the  ifland  of  Java.    Long*  105.  57.  E. 
Lat.  5.  SI.  S. 

Baniay,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  Iii- 
dian  Sea.    Lojig.  120.  3  ^  E.  Lat.  1 7.  r^ .  N. 

Banteln,  atownof  G.rniar. v,  in  the  >.  in- 
cipaliiy  of  Caicii^erg.  In  it  is  a  carpet  ma- 
nufadture.     18  miles  E.  Hamein. 

Ba?ifoii,  or  Baton,  or  Bantayan,  one  of 
the  fmallcr  Philippine  iflands,  in  tiie  fea  oi 
Mindoro.   Long.i^-i.  ^o.^.  Lat.  13.3.  IS". 

Bantoiijillo,  a  fmall  ifland,  near  the  foulh- 
wellcoaft  ofBanton. 

Bantry,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  --ounty 
of  Cork,  (ituated  on  the  eafl  coaft  of  a  bay, 
to  which  it  gives  name,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Ireland,  about  24  miles  in  length,  and  4  in 
breaddi.  40  m.  SW.  Cork,  and  36W.Kinlale. 

Bantry  Bay,  called  alfb  Bearhavoi,  frum 
an  ifland  which  is  in  it ;  a  large  bay  of  the 
Atlantic,  on  the  fouth-weil  conft  oflreLmd, 
and  county  of  Cork.  On  the  weft  fide, 
the  paflage  between  the  ifland  and  the  con- 
tinent is  about  a  mile  broad ;  the  call  paf^ 
fage  is  fomething  broader.  Immediately  be- 
fore the  ifland  there  is  from  10  to  16  fathom 
water,  in  the  eafl:  p;ifl:ige  from  30  to  40 
fathom,  and  further  up  the  bay  from  1 5  to 
25.  Between  the  fouth  fide  of  Whiddy 
Ifland  and  the  continent  is  the  road  for  fliips, 
with  from  24  to  40  feet  of  water.  There  is 
not,  perhaps,  in  the  world  a  liner  bay  than 
this,  being  26  miles  long,  and  f  om  3  to  ^ 
broad.  The  whole  of  this  capacious  frith 
is  ftiled  indifferently  Bantry-Bay,  or  Bear- 
haven.  The  tides  move  very  gendy  right 
in  and  out  through  the  whole  bay.  Above 
Bear  ifland,  which  defends  them  from  fouth- 
wefl  winds,  fhips  ride  perfedly  fixfe  and 
quiet.  At  the  extremity  of  the  bay  are  two 
fafe,  though  lefs  fpacious  harbours;  that  of 
Glengariff,  fo  called  from  a  village  ;  an  J  that 
of  Whiddy,  fo  denominated  from  tliat  ifland ; 
though  befidcs  this  there  are  four  fiiiall 
iflands  v/hich  yield  excellent  pafture.  In 
1689,  the  French  fleet,  which  brou^^ht  fuc- 
cours  of  arms,  ammunition,  and  money,  to 
the  party  of  King  James,  were  attacked  in 
this  bay,  by  the  Englilh  fleet,  under  Admi- 
ral Herbert ;  it  began  about  break  oi  day,  on 
the  ift  of  May,'  and  continued  at  intervals 
till  the  evening.  Various  are  the  reports  of 
the  number  of  fhips  in  each  fleet:  tiu-  lufs 
of  men  was  inconfiderable,  and  the  French 
admiral  returned  after  the  light  into  the  bay. 
In  December  1796,  feven  French  fliips  of 
the  line,  with  two  armed  en-fuUe  frigates, 
and  tranfports,  forming  in  the  whole  a  fleet 
of  17  fhips,  anchored  in  this  bay:  foon 
after  their  arrival,  they  fent  a  boat  towards 
the  fhore,  with  an  officer  and  eight  men, 
who  were  made  prifoners.  The  veflels  fuf- 
fered  much  from  tempeft,  and  foon  left  the 
coait.  Long.  9.  24.  to  9.  45.  \Y.  La.t.  si' 
30.  to  J  1.40.  N. 


BAR 

Bantzenhe-'Ky  a  town  r/  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Upper  Rhine.  14  miles 
K.  Huiingen. 

Bint^va,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  G.;ze- 
rat.     20  miles  S.Junagur. 

Ba'juh,  a  town  of  Egypt.  52  m.WNW. 
Manfora. 

Bivr-'lle,  a  tow"  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
men!  of  the  Calvados.  9  miles  NNW.  Caen, 
■J  K  Bavcux. 

Jamvy!,  a  town  of  Swiflerlrtnd,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne.     20  miles  NNE.  Berne.  _ 

Ba/iybuf/ira,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Onlii      17  miles  S.  Koonjoor. 

BiJ!iz,  or  Buntz,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  biflii  prick,  of  Bamberg,  with  a  Benedic- 
tine abbey.     3  miles  WNW.  Lichtcnfels. 

Banza,?i  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kmgdoni 
of  Congo,  now  called  St.  Sahctdor. 

Banza  Avar'i,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Loan- 
go,  near  the  fea.     Lat.  4.  ic  S. 

Ba?iz'<oiv,  a  town  of  Germ;iny,  in  the 
county  of  Schwerin.     6  m.  S.  Schwerin. 

Baol,  or  Bcvil,  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  in 
the  country  ot  Senegal,  about  Z40  miles  long, 
and  24  wide. 

Bcrjl,  or  Lamha\\  a  town  of  Africa,  and 
capital  of  ihe  kingdom  of  Baol.  />^/.  14.40.N. 

Baons,  (  Les,JdLiovin  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Seine.  7  miles  N. 
Caudebec. 

Baoorfi,  or  Apoom,  one  of  the  new  difco- 
■  vered  iflands  in  the  Southern  Pacific  Ocean. 
Xw.'c.  186. 17.  W.  Lat.  16.  26.  S. 

Baoncotty,  a  town  of  Thibet.  ^^  miles 
NNW.  Sirinagur. 

Biipatj,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Foulis,  on  the  Senegal.  48  m.  SE.  Goumei. 

Bapata,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  cir- 
car  of  Guntoor.     25  miles  N.  Mootapilly. 

Btj^aiivie,  a  town  of  France,  and  princi- 
pal pi  cc  of  a  diftri(5f,  in  the  department  of 
the  Straits  of  Calais.  It  contains  about  4500 
inhabit;ints.  •:;  poffs  S.  Arras,  and  19^  N. 
Paris.     Lon^.  2.  -6.  E.  Lat.  50.  6.N. 

Ba'/ifpey  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  the 
province  ut  New  Navarre,  aoo  miles  SSE. 
Cafi  Grande. 

B.ijtttica.,  a  town  of  North-America,  in 
New  Navarre.    45  m.  ESE.  Cafa  Grande. 

Bar,  a  town  of  Arabia.  j6  niiks  SE. 
El  Catif. 

Bar.  a  town  of  Hindooffan,  in  the  coun- 
try -if  B.:har,  on  the  Ibuth  fide  of  the  Ganges. 
i;  niik-s  N.  Bihar,  and  30  ESE.  Patna. 
Loiii;.  85.  ^i.  E.  Lat.  2j.  j8.  N. 

Bar,  or  Baar,  a  town  of  Sv/ifTerland,  io 
the  can  on  of  Zug.    a  miles  N.  Zug. 

P  I'r,  fee  Boer. 

Bar,  a  town  of  Ruflian  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
l.itma  c  of  P.kI  ilia.  li\  March  1768,  a  catho 
Ji>-.  confeileration  of  the  Polilh  bifhops  and 
nobles  was  held  here,  to  protedtlie  religion 
of  tlic  country  from  the  encroachments  of 


BAR 

difTenters,  fupported  by  Ruflia.  45  miles 
ENE. Kaminiec,  70WN VV.  Braclaw.  Lo7ig. 
27.  52.  E.  Lat.  49.  5.  N. 

Ear,  (Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Var.     4  m.  NE.  GrafTe. 

Bar  fur  Aithci  a  town  of  France,  and  the 
principal  place  of  a  diflrict,  in  the  depdrt- 
mcnt  of  the  Aube ;  before  the  revolution, 
the  feat  of  a  governor.  25^  polls  SSE. 
Paris.     Lo>2g.  4.  47.  E.  Lat.  48. 14   N. 

Bar  le  Due,  or  Bar  fur  Oniain,  a  town 
of  France,  and  capital  of  the  department  of 
the  Meuiv,  built  by  Frederick  I.  brother-in- 
law  to  Hugh  Capet;  before  the  revolution, 
it  was  the  capital  of  tije  dutchv  of  Bar.  It 
is  a  confiderable  town,  divided  into  Upper 
and  Lov.cr.  The  feparation  being  formed 
by  a  caff'e,  called  Bar ;  and  wa?  as  it  were 
a  bai  rier  l-.etween  France  aud  Lorraine  7  he 
walls  and  towers  of  this  caftle  were  demo- 
liihed  bv  Louis  XIV.  The  river  Ornain 
runs  through  the  lower  part  of  ;he  10 .vn. 
Thev  compute  ab  n;t  8coo  inl.a'^itants  1;.  vhe 
whf/le  town.  In  1792,  it  was  lai'i  urder  con- 
tribution by  the  King  oi  Pruilia.  %i  miles 
SSE.  St.  Men^ioulde,  27  W.  Toul.  Long, 
52.  15.  E.  Lat.  48.  47.  N. 

Bar  fur  Seine,  ;i  town  of  France,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  dilfiifr,  in  the  d-jpciiment 
of  the  Aube,  fituated  at  th*  foot  of  a  moun- 
tain, on  the  Seine;  it  has  three  gates,  a  col- 
lege, and  an  hofpital.  16  miies  SE.  Troves, 
Long.  4.  27.  E.    Lat.  48.  7.  N. 

Bar,  ( Dutchy  of,)  before  the  revolution, 
a  country  of  France,  lituated  to  the  uefl  of 
Lorraine,  96  miles  long,  and  16  wide.  The 
afpcdof  the  country  is  various,  and  divided 
into  hills  and  plains :  wood,  wine,  corn, 
game,  and  lifh  abound.  It  takes  its  name 
from  the  caftle  of  Bar,  and  was  e;eded  into 
a  county  by  the  emperor  Otho ;  but  it  is 
not  known  when  it  was  railed  to  a  dutchy. 
It  now  forms  the  department  of  the  Mfuie. 

^^r<3,atownonti)eNW.coaftoftheilland 
ofBouro.   Long  126, 33.  E.  /.<?/.  3. 16.  S. 

Baraba,  a  large  plain  of  RufTia,  full  of 
marfhesand  lakes,  between  Tarra  and  Tomf]{, 
inhabited  by  different  tribes,  under  the  name 
of  Barabentzy. 

Barahiaco,  d.to\vn  of  Italy,  on  the  Colona. 
12  m.  W.  Milan. 

Barahra,  a  country  of  Nubia,  on  the  weft 
fide  of  the  Nile,  bordering  on  Egypt. 

Baracan,  a  tov/n  on  the  north  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Maftjate.  Ling.  113.  42.  E.  Lat. 
12.  17.  N. 

Baracs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  12  miles 
NNE.  Angers,  6  ESE.  Chateauneuf. 

Baracoa,  a  feaport  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Cuba.  5  miles  NE.  St.  Jago.  Long,  76. 
10   W.  Lat.  21.  4.  N. 

Baracoe,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
Coaft.    Long.  1 . 2 J .  W.  Ltf/.  5 .  a  8.  N. 


BAR 

BaracoLiy  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  north 
(ide  of  the  Senegal.     Laf.  ij.  50.  N. 

,!ji\iLO)!iia.,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
cct  I  y  of  Woolly.  5  miles  E.  Medina. 
Lorn'    13.  VV.  Lat.  13.  36.  N. 

Bataj.k.  a  town  of  Turkiih  Armenia. 
35  miles  S.  Avz'.ngiin. 

Uiirufiii,  a  to\vn  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom (-1  i'oiiia,  (iii:a^,J  on  a  peninful.i  formed 
by  the  river  UaMibia,  -;m    two  other  rivers. 
Baragc,  one  oi  the  mui^hs  of  the  river  Ava. 

Barugoiu  a  in  all  '(land  on  the  coaft  of 
Hindooitan,  near  Sahetre. 

Barai,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Lahore, 
ai  miles  E.  Koofhaub. 

Bararupour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.     X3  miles  VV.  Arrah. 

Barun,  a  livcr  oi  India,  vvhich  runs  into 
the  Kamets,  near  Adetnagu. . 

Baiwica,  a  fov.     of  Peiu,  ni  the  audience 

of  Lima,     ^o  ni.  NJNW.  Gu.iura. 

\        Barar.ca  iet  Malambo,  a  leaport  town  of 

\  South-A;iK,ica,  in   New  Grenada,  at  the 

mouth  of  the  nver  Magdelana.  75  miles  NE. 

Ca.lhag'.na.  Loti'^.  75.  8  W.  Lat.  11.  .i9.N. 

BarancaJel  Rey,  a  town  ofSouth-Ameri- 
j    ca,  in  tile  provmce  of  Carthagena.    40  m. 
SE.  Carthagena. 

Barancas,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  govLinment  of  Buenos  Ayres.  288  ni. 
NNW.  Buenos  Ayres. 

Baraiicas,{Lr(.u,)  a  town  of  New  Mexico. 
13c  miles  SSE.  Santa  Fc. 

Barawi  Stayiitz,  a  town  or  fettlement  in 
Siberia,  on  the  Lena.  51  miles  NE.  Vitim- 
flcoi.     Long.  113.  14.  E.  Lat.  54.  50.  N. 

Barania,  or  6'/.  Yago,  a  livci  of  Mexico, 
"whicli  runs  from  lake  Cliapala,  and  falls  into 
the  Pacilic  Ocean,  Lat.  22.  N. 

Baranith,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Mo- 
life.  In  1805,  this  p'ace  was  greatly  da- 
maged by  an  eartiiquake.  9  m.SSE.  MiJife. 

Barauonv,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Sandomir.     16  miles  S.  Sandomir. 

Baraiioivka,  a  tuwn  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Yolhynia.  40  miles  NNE.  Con- 
Itantinow. 

Baraoy  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon.  6 
miles  from  J.^ca. 

Barapulla,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  10  m. 
S.  Delhi. 

Bai aquic'nnetot  a  river  of  New  Grenada, 
which,  joining  the  Pao,  forms  the  Poitu- 
gheffa. 

Baraquicimeto,  fee  Segovia  Niicva. 

Bararoua,  a  town  of  Bralil,  on  the  river 
Kegi  o.  200  miles  WNW.  FortRio  Negro. 

Barafct,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles  NE. 
Calcutta. 

Barafze,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Volhynia.  36  m.  NNW.  Zitouiicrs. 

Baratu')-,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
fnent  of  the  Higher  Alps,  a  m.  S.  Embrun. 

Bar^u,  a  town  of  J3obcmia,  in  the  circle 


BAR 

of  Prachatitz.  60  miles  S.  Prague,  S  NNE. 
Prachim.    />^//^.  13.57.E.  Lar.  49.  8.  N. 

.5^/-«vf/,oneofthw'Ladroneinands.  Long. 
142.  28.  E.  ivrt/.  12.44- N. 

Baravoe,  a  bay  and  village  on  the  fouth- 
ea(t  coalf  of  the  ifland  of  Yell.  Long.  1. 
18.  W.  Lat.  60.50.  N. 

Bararvnay,  a  town  of  Hindooffan,  in  the 
Candeilh  country.  45  miles  NE.  Burham- 
pour,  74  SSE.  Indole.  Long.  76.  ji.  E. 
Lat.  2 1 .  5  3 .  N. 

Barba,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  province 
of  Colfa  Rica.     22  miles  SSVV.  Cartago. 

Barbacena,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alen- 
tejo.     10  m.  NW.  Elvas. 

Barhacoa,  a  town  of  South-Amcricn,  in 
the  province  of  Popayan,  on  th.e  river  To- 
lembi.  nc  miles  WSW.  Popayan,  120  N. 
Quito.     Long.  78.  VV.  Lot.  i.  50.  N. 

Barhacoa,  a  town  of"  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Venezuela,  on  the  eail:  of 
lake  Maracaybo.      75  miles  S.  Venezuela. 

Barhadillo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caf- 
tile.     21  miles  SSE.  Burgus. 

Barhadoes,  one  of  the  Charaibean,  or  Ca- 
ribbee  Illands,  and  the  moft  e.tflern  of  the 
Well-India  Iflands,  it  is  faid,  was  firll  dif- 
covered  by  the  Portugucfe,  from  whom  it 
received  its  prelent  name  ;  the  Purtuguefe, 
however,  made  no  fettlement,  only  furnilh- 
ing  it  with  a  breed  of  fwine  for  future  navi- 
gators. It  had  no  inhabitants,  and  was  much 
overgrown  with  wood,  when  it  was  vilitcd 
by  the  crew  of  an  Englifh  Ihip  in  the  year 
1605,  who  took  pofl'ellion  in  the  name  of 
king  James  :  they  found  pigs,  pigeons,  and 
parrots,  and  the  fea  abounded  with  fifh. 
Some  years  afterwards  a  fettlement  was 
made  by  Sir  W.  Courteen,  a  merchant  of 
London ;  and  in  1624,  the  foundation  of 
Jameftown  was  laid.  The  carl  of  Marlbo- 
rough obtained  a  grant  of  this  ifland  to  him- 
felfand  heirs  in  perpetuity,  and  was  moft 
probably  the  patron  of  this  firll  fettlement. 
The  Earl  of  Carlifle,  who  was  at  the  fame 
time  engaged  in  the  eflablifhment  of  a  co- 
lony in  the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftopher,  laid  a 
claim  to  it,  and  in  the  firfl:  year  of  Charles 
I.  obtained  a  giant  of  all  the  Charaibean 
iflands,  including  alfo  Barbadoes  ;  this  being 
difputtd  by  the  Ear)  of  Marlborough,  was  at 
laflleitled  by  an  engagement  of  the  Earl  of 
Carlifle  to  pay  to  the  Earl  of  Marlborough 
and  his  heii  s  for  ever  the  yearly  fum  of  300!.  ; 
but  tJie  intereil  of  the  merchant  who  formed 
the  fettlement  was  forgotten.  The  new 
proprietor  diflributed  lands  to  fuch  perfbns 
who  chofe  to  receive  grants  on  the  terms 
propofed.  A  fociety  of  merciiants  accepted 
io,oco  acres,  on  conditions  that  promifed 
great  advantage  to  the  proprietor;  a  per- 
Ibn  appointed  to  prefide,  with  64  perfons, 
each  of  whom  were  authoiifed  to  take 
up  100  acres  of  land,  arrived  in  the  illand  in 


BAR 

i6aS,  at  whichtlme  Courteen's  fl:-ttlements 
began  to  flouri'li ;  hut  they  declared  it  an 
encroachment  and  ufu\pa;.ion,  and  Sir  Wm. 
T.'.non  arriving  the  year  following  as  chiei 
s^ovcrnor,  with  a  force  fuNirient;  he  cornpel- 
L'd  the  friends  of  Courteen  to  fubmit.  Du- 
ring the  civil  war,  Barbadoes  took  a  decided 
■part  in  favour  of  die uniortunate  Charles  I. : 
the  republic  parliament,  angry  with  its  in- 
habitants, feni  out  a  fie^jt  under  Sir  George 
Ayfcue  in  1651,  iz-id  lucceeded  fo  fir  as  to 
gtt  die  republic  acknowledged;  but  at  the 
fai.'.e  time  it  was  agreed  that  ihe  jurifdi'ftion 
of  the  ifland  Ihould  be  continued  in  the  gc- 
vernor,  council,  and  aikmbly,  according  to 
the  curtom  of  tlic  ifland ;  the  aflembly  to 
be  chofcn  bv  the  freehoidsrs  ;  and  no  taxes 
to  be  levied  on  the  inhabitants  without  their 
confent  in  a  general  aflembly.  The  parlia- 
ment had  intendedan  aft,  by  which  allforeign 
vefl'els  v/ere  to  be  prohibited  from  trading 
with  the  Englifh  plantations,  and  no  goods 
to  be  imported  into  England  ;  or  any  of  its 
dependencies,  in  any  other  than  Englidi  bot- 
toms, or  in  fliips  of  that  nation  of  which  the 
merchandil'e  imported  was  the  growth  or 
manufacture  ;  and  thus  arofe  the  fimous  Na- 
vigation Aft;  tor  immediately  after  the  refto- 
ration,  the  plan  was  adopted  by  Charles  II. 
with  this  addition,  that  the  niafter  and  three- 
fourths  of-  the  leamen  Oiouldbe  Englifh  fub- 
jefts.  The  proprietary  government  was 
difTolved,  the  legifladon  of  the  iiland  veiled 
in  the  crown,  and  a  duty  of  four  and  a  half 
per  cent,  to  be  paid  in  fpecie,  laid  on  all 
dead  commodities,  the  growth  of  the  ifland, 
fhijjped  to  any  part  ot  tl:e  world.  Barba- 
does is  21  miles  long,  and  14  broad,  and 
contains  106,470  acres  of  land,  mdli  part  of 
\vhicli  is  cultivated.  The  foil  in  the  lowlands 
is  black;  in  tlie  fliallow  parts,  inclining  to 
red;  on  ilie  hills,  chalky;  and  near  the  Vea- 
coaft ,  mofliv  fandy.  In  1670,  v/e  are  afuired 
that  Barbadoes  contained  50,000  whites, 
2nd  loojcco  black  inhab:t:'.nts.  Perhaps 
this  account  may  be  exaggerated,  but  by  an 
rulhcntic  account,  the  number  of  whites  in 
I7a4>  was  no  morethan  18,295;  and  101753, 
the  number  of  blacks  was  69,870.  In  1 786, 
there  were  16,167  whites,  8.38  free  people 
oi  colour,  and  62,115  negroes.  On  an 
average,  from  the  vcar  174010  1748,  the 
I'vports  were  i,3,948"hoglheads  ot  fugar, 
0*  15  cwu  each;  12,881  puncheons  of  rum, 
of  ICO  gallons  each;  60  hogfheads  of  mo- 
iaiies;  4,667  bags  of  ginger ;  600  bags  of 
cotton  ;  and  .-327  gourds  of  aloes.  The  ex- 
ports on  ;m  average  for  1784,  178c,  1786, 
were  9554  hogflieads  of  liigar,  5448  pim- 
chi'ons  of  rum,  6320  bags  of  ginger,  and 
8.1.31  bags  ot  cotton,  belides  Ima'lier  articles, 
as  aloes  fweetmcats,  &c.  That  the  dread- 
tul  iucceilion  of  hurricanes,  with  v/hieh  it 
bus  i)L'afed  the  Almig  liT  Y  to  vilit  this,  and 


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th-e  other  Weft-Indian  iflands,  within  the 
lafS:  twenty  years,  has  contributed  to  this 
great  defalcation,  cannot  he  doubted.  The 
capita!  of  this  iiland  was  fcarce  rifen  from 
the  aflics  to  which  it  had  been  reduced  by 
two  dreadful  fires,  when  it  was  torn  from 
its  foundations,  and  the  whole  country  made 
a  fcene  of  defolation,  by  the  ftorm  of  the 
loth  of  Oftober,  1780,  in  which  no  Icfs  than 
4,326  of  tne  inhabitants  (blacks  and  whites) 
niilerably  periflied,  and  the  damage  to  the 
country  was  computed  at  1,320,564!.  15s. 
fteriing.  Barbadoes  is  divided  into  five  dif- 
tri'fcs,  and  eleven  pariflies;  and  contains  four 
towns,  Bridgetown,  Oftins  or  Charlestown, 
St.  James's,  and  Spaight's-town.  The  go- 
vernor's chief  relidence  is  near  Bridgetown  ; 
his  falary  2000I.  a  year.  The  chmate  is 
very  hot,  but  the  air  pure  ;  and  though  it 
does  not  generate  any  land-wind,  the  heat 
is  moderated  by  the  conftant  trade  winds. 
Its  produfts  are,  befides  what  is  mentioned, 
the  palm,  tamarinds,  figs,  aloes,  bananoes^ 
cedar,  maftich,  cocoa,  papas,  guavas,  anci 
palmettoes.    Lo7ig.  59.  W.  Lat.  13. 10.  N. 

^^rZ'i7//a,atownof  Irtria.  7  m.NNE.Pola. 

Barhafikold,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Grecian 
Archipelago,  near  the  coaft  of  Natolia. 
Long.  27.  9.E.  I^at.  36.  43.  N. 

Barbano,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  Adriatic,  near  the  coaft  of  Friuli. 
Loug.  13.  28.  E.  Lat-  45.  45.  N. 

Barhaiifane,  a.  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Vauclufe,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Durance,  and  the  Rhone.  4  miles  SW. 
Avignon,  8N.  Taralcon. 

Ba?-bar,  a  town  of  Algiers.    50  miles  SW. 
Tipfa. 

Barhara,  a  town  of  Adel.   80  m.  E.  Zeila. 

Barbara?io,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Friuli. 
12  miles  E.  Aviano. 

Barbarein,  a  fmall  ifland,  near  the  weft 
coaft  of  Ceylon.  Long.  79.  50.  E.  Lat. 
6.  25.  N. 

Barbiiren,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Culm.     4  miles  N.  Thorn. 

Bivbary,  a  large  country  of  Africa, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Mediterranean 
Sea,  on  the  caft  bv  Egypt  and  the  dclcrts  of 
I>ybia,  on  the  fduth  by  Sahara  or  the  defert, 
and  on  the  weft  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Its 
utmofl  extent,  fromealf  to  weft,  1200  miles, 
and  its  breadth  from  north  to  fouth  320,  but 
the  breadth  is  lefs  or  more  in  different 
places.  It  is  ufually  divided  into  five  king- 
doms, Morocco,  Fez,  Algiers,  Tunis,  and 
Trij:)oli  ;  the  whole  lituated  under  the  tem- 
perate zone.  All  the  coaff  and  mountains 
on  the  fide  of  the  Mediterranean,  from  the 
Straits  of  Gibraltar  to  Egypt,  are  rather 
cold  than  hot,  and  fnow  falls  at  certain 
times  of  the  year  :  the  rainy  feafbn  com- 
mences about  the  middleofOftober  through- 
.out  all  Barbarv.    The  months  of  Decern- 


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ber  and  January  are  more  fevcre,  neverthe- 
lefs  the  cold  is  not  i'o  [jjcai  as  to  render  a 
fi;e  neceihiry;  the  cold  diiainiflies  from  Ja- 
nuary, and  the  feafon  is  then  fo  inconftant, 
th  It  it  often  changes  th.rec  or  four  times  a 
dciv  ;  the  wei'  and  north  winds  blow  with 
violence  during  the  monrli  of  March.  In 
April  all  the  trees  begin  to  bloom,  and  at 
the  eid  of  the  fame  mcjnth  they  gather  ripe 
cli-ines  in  Fez,  Algiers,  and  Tunis,  and  in 
feme  places  of  Morocco.  In  the  middle  of 
M.iy  they  gather  Hgs.  !;■  the  mountains 
and  toreits  oi  Baroary  ..re  f^und  a  great 
qu.ntity  of  wild  be;:'"! s.  lions,  tygers,  apes, 
and  wild  goats;  a  vaiKiy  of  birds  and  fer- 
pc'  ts.  All  the  ftates  wnich  compofe  what 
wc  call  Baibarv,  have  a  number  of  ports 
on  the  Mcditenanean,  and  the  kingdoms  of 
Moiccco  and  Fez  have  fome  on  the  Atlan- 
tic, v/hich  feive  equally  for  the  commerce 
of  the  Chrili  ians,  and  the  retreat  of  the  vefllls 
of  the  curfairs.  The  merchants  of  Europe 
ha\e  magazines  in  ihe  principal  icaport 
to".\  :is.  The  chijr  articles  ot  commerce  are 
oftric!.  f.athers,  gold  duft,  indigo,  dates, 
raifins,  ficuis  tanned  and  not  f.  nned,  copper 
in  bais,  wax,  tin,  wool,  Morocco  leather, 
coral,  wheat,  beans,  millet,  and  horfes. 
The  commerce  ot  horfes  and  grain  is  not 
fdlowcd  atal!  pl.xes;  and  is  torhiiden  in  the 
k.  .,j:  lonii  of  Fez  and  Morocco,  unlefs  in 
exciiange  for  arms  and  ammunuiun  of  war. 
The  merc^an.s  of  Europe  carry  thither 
cloths  O'  Franco,  Spain,  England,  and  Hol- 
land; mudins,  fpic'S,  di  ugs,  cotton,  tobacco, 
fu;;ar,  io,j,wood.  fulphur,  paper,  fteel,  iron, 
k<:0,  and  cutlery  of  ail  kinds.  The  inha- 
bu  :tits  of  Barbaiy  conlifi  of  ihree  different 
ra.'cofmtn — :re  Africans,  natives;  Turks, 
who  come  to  feek  their  fortunes;  and  Ara- 
bians, who  chiefly  dwell  in  thedeferts.  T  e 
Africa.is  again  are  divided  into  whites  and 
blacks,  the  fornicr  of  which  are  thofe  who 
inhabit  die  leaports,  and  country  along  the 
coaf-;  and  the  latter  thoie  who  refi.'e  in  the 
injaiid  counti  y.    They  are  all  Mahometans. 

Barbary  Poiiit,  a  cape  on  the  w.ft  cuall 
of  Africa,  at  the  entrance  of  the  river  Sene- 
gal.    Lai.ie.N. 

Barbaj,  a  nver  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic.     Lat.  22. 'N. 

Bar  a  fate,  a  feaport  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
kingdom  ot  Fez,  a  little  to  t  e  well  of  Ceuta. 

Barbajiro,  fee  Buibrajio. 

Barbata,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  rifes  in 
the  -eitern  province  of  Algiers,  and  joins 
the  Taphna,  i  mile  S.  Tackumbreet. 

Barbalo,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  AJantic,  between  Cadiz  and  the  Straits 
of  G  b..dtar,  about  27  miles  S.  Cadiz. 

Barbato,  or  Puerto  Barbato,  a  feaport 
town  of  Spain,  in  Andalufia,  on  the  coafl  of 
the  Atlantic,  near  th^;  niouch  of  the  river 
Barbuto. 


^tf;-3frt//,a  riverof  Canada,  which  runsinto 
theUtwas.   Z.5;;j. 76.55.W.  /./7/^. 45 . 5 .  N. 

Bnrbeliiy  or  V crhda-,  a  river  ot  Afiica, 
which  joins  the  Zaire,  near  its  mouth. 

Barber,  a  town  of  Virginia,  on  the  Rap- 
pahanock.  20  miles  SE.  Leeds.  Long.  76. 
35.  W.  Z^^.  37.58.  N. 

Barberano,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
Patrimoliio.     6  miles  Bicda. 

Barbe'iar:,  an  ifland  on  the  Indian  Ocean. 
45  m. W.Ceylon.  Long.  80.  E.  Lat.  6. 24. N. 

Barherino,  a  town  of  Etruria,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Apennines,  on  the  fide  of  the  river 
Sieve.     4  m.  W.  Scarperia,  16  N.  Florence. 

Barbern,  a  town  of  Semigallia.  14  miles 
SE.  Mittaw. 

Barbejieiix,  a  town  of  France,  and  princi- 
pal place  of  a  dilbicSt,  in  the  department  of 
the  Charente.  It  had  foimerly  a  cartle, 
which  was  dcftroyed  by  the  Englifh.  Near 
it  is  a  medicinal  fpring.  5  pofls  SSW.  An- 
goulefme,  and  63^  SSW.  Paris.  Long.  0.  4. 
W.  L^^.  45..28.N. 

Bai  bo,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  rifes  in 
the  province  of  Honduras,  and  runs  into  the 
Spanifh  Main,  40  m.  SE.  Cape  Camaron. 

Barbonne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Marne.     4  m.  S.  Sezanne. 

Barbiickpour,  a  fmail  province  of  Bengal, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Janguirpour,  en 
the  eaft  and  fouth  by  Bettooriah,  and  on  the 
weft  by  Bettooriah  and  Dinagepour. 

Barbuckfing,  a  fmall  province  of  Bengal, 
between  Burdwan  and  Birboom. 

Barbuda,  or  Barboutkos,  one  of  the  Ca- 
ribbee  iflands,  about  21  miles  long,  and  iz 
wide ;  it  was  planted  foon  after  the  Englifh 
fettled  upon  St.  Chriftopher's,  and  called 
Didcena,i\on  its  beautiful  appearance.  The 
land  lies  low,  but  it  is  fertile,  and  the  inha- 
bitants are  chiefly  employed  in  breeding  cat- 
tle, flieep,  kids,  fowls,  and  other  Itoch, 
which  they  difpofe  of  to  the  neighbouring 
iflands;  they  likewife  cultivate  citrons,  po- 
megranates, oranges,  raifins,  Indian  figs, 
maize,  cocoa  nuts,  pine  apples,  pepper, 
indigo,  &c.  There  are  fevcral  fpccies  of  fcr- 
pents,  Ibme  of  which  are  harmlefs,  and  fbmc 
exceedingly  venomoi;?.  The  ifland  has  no 
harbour,  but  ;:  wcll-flieltered  road  on  f]^ 
vyeft  fide.  The  appointment  of  a  governor 
is  in  the  Codrington  fimily;  and  part  of  the 
eftate  arifing  from  this  ifland,  with  two 
plantations  in  Barbadoes,  was  bequeathed  by 
Chriftopher  Codrington,  efq  ;  to  the^  fbci- 
ety  for  propagating  the  Gofpcl,  and  ercding 
a  college  in  Barbadoos.  Long.  61.  50.  Vv'. 
Lat.  17.  50.  N. 

Barbae^  a  river  of  North-America,  which 
runs  into  Like  Michigan,  Long.  85.  47.  W. 
Lat.  43.  2.  N. 

Barhiirata,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  bay  of 
Hv^nduras,  near  the  eafl  coalt  of  Ruatan. 
Lon^.  86.  50.  W.  Lat.  16.  26.  N. 


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Biirlii!.,  or  Orivdl,  a  river  of  Canada, 
v'liich  runs  into  lake  Erie,  Long.  80.50.  W. 

Barby,  a  lordOiip  of  Germany,  in  the 
ciick-  oFUpper  Saxony,  of  fmall  extent.  It 
had  anciently  its  particular  counts,  but  from 
the  failure  of  heirs  it  came  to  the  elector 
of  Saxony.  It  at  this  time  makes  part 
of  the  circle  of  Wittenberg,  beinj^  given  in 
J  748  an^  1 765  to  the  count  ct  Ueufs,  and  the 
Society  of  United  Brethren,  or  Moravians. 

Biifhy,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Saxony,  fituated  on  the  Elbe,  near  the 
mouiii  of  the  Saale,  where  there  is  a  Mora- 
■vian  academy,  for  the  inftrudtion  of  youth. 
14  miles  "NW.  Deffau,  and  14  SSE.  Magde- 
burg.   Long.  la.  o.E.  Lat.  52.  o.  N. 

Barca,  a  country  of  Africa,  part  of  Bar- 
bary,  lying  to  the  weft  of  Egypt,  anciently 
called  Lybia,  at  prel'ent  belonging  to  the 
Tuvks,  and  governed  by  a  fangiac,  depen- 
<}ant  on  the  baihaw,  who  relides  at  Tripoli. 
The  climate  is  very  unequal ;  along  the  coaft 
,  the  land  is  fertile  and  wcU  peopled,  but  the 
interior  is  fterile  and  defert.  The  chief 
towns  are  Derna,  the  capital  and  relidence 
of  the  fangiac,  Tolomata,  and  Curen. 

Barca,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
fo  named.  6  miles  S.  Tolometa,  45  SW. 
Curcn.     Long.  2c.  25.  E.     Lat.  32.  26.  N. 

Barcalorey  a  town  of  Cochin.  22  miles 
I.Cranganore. 

Biirccin,  fee  Barken, 

Barcorait!,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Eflrama- 
dura.     4  miles  from  Almcndral. 

Barcdona,  a  cityand  feaport  of  Spain, 
capital  of  Catalonia,  and  fee  of  a  biihop,fuf- 
fragan  of  the  archbilhop  of  Taragona.  It  is 
Hiid  to  have  been  built  by  the  Carthaginian 
Hamilcar,  the  father  of  Ilannibal,  250  years 
' '  before  Chrift;  and  is  now  one  of  the  largeft 
and  handfomeft  cities  in  Spain  ;  its  popula- 
tion is  in  proportion  to  its  ii-ce,  and  the  in- 
-  duflry  of  the  inhabitants  far  exceeds  that  of 
thofe  of  any  other  part  of  Spain.  It  i;;  built 
.  in  the  form  of  a  femicii  etc,  on  the  bank  of 
the  lea,  in  a  large  plain,  and  is  divided  into 
()ld  and  New  Town,  fcixiratcd  from  each 
•^  other  by  a  wall;  and  v!ie  wliolc  defended  by 
.  •  lii'.ck  walls,  ballions,  horn-works,  large  and 
Jofu  T-r.-paits,  and  deep  ditches;  with  a  ci- 
tadel built  on  a  mountain  called  Montjoui; 
^  it  is  however  too  extenlive  tobeealily  guard- 
ed and  defended,  on  which  account  it  has 
.'  alw.iys  i>cen  taken  when  attacked.  In  the 
year  1640,  the  Catalans,  having  fliaken  off 
the  yoke  of  the  Spaniards,  called  in  the 
French,  who  continued  mafters  of  Barcelona 
till  i6.?2,when  it  was  letaken  during  the  ci\il 
v^ars  of  France,  after  a  liege  of  15  months. 
In  1A97,  it  was  taken  again  bv  the  French, 
under  the  ronmiand  ot  the  L'uke  de  Ven- 
domc,  and  reftorel  the  lame  year  by  the 
peace  of  Ryiwick.     Nolwithftanding  the 


inlubitant^  of  Barcelona  took  the  oath  of 
fidelity  to  the  king  cf  Spain,  Philip  V.  in 
perfon,  and  received  from  bim  a  confirma- 
tion of  their  privileges;  they  invited  the  Eng- 
lilli  and  Dutch,  and  thegovernor  was  obliged 
to  furrender  up  the  town  in  1705,  when 
Charles,  afterwards  emperor,  was  received 
and  proclaimed  king.  The  year  following,  w 
Philip,  affiftcd  by  the  French,  afiiiiled  the  f' 
town,  and  took  the  fortrefs  of  Montjoui,  but 
the  ileet  of  the  allies  coming  to  the  fuccour 
of  the  befieged,  he  was  compelled  to  aban- 
don the  enterprize,  and  retire,  May  12th, 
1706.  By  the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  in  1713, 
the  troops  of  the  emperor  evacuated  Cata- 
lonia ;  but  the  inhabitants  of  Barcelona 
perfiftcd  in  their  revolt,  and  would  not 
acknowledge  Philip  for  their  kiag;  they 
fuffered  a  blockade  for  a  year,  which  was 
followed  by  a  terrible  bombardment ;  and 
in  fine,  after  a  fiege  of  62  days,  from  the 
opening  of  the  trenches  by  the  Duke  of  ' 
Berwick,  the  tov/n  w^as  taken  by  afTault  the 
nth  of  September,  17 14.  By  the  moderation 
of  the  conqueror  the  town  was  faved  from 
pillage,  but  the  privileges  of  tlie  inhabitants 
were  taken  away ;  thefe  however  have  fince 
been  re-eftablifhed;  but  a  citadel  was  ereded 
in  1 7 15,  to  keep  them  in  aM'e.  Barcelona  con- 
tains feveral  fine  edifices :  thatcalled  the  Ter- 
I'ana,  or  the  arfenal,  is  of  vail  extent ;  a 
prodigious  gallery,  containing  28  forges, 
has  been  ere(51ed  in  it  within  thefe  few  years. 
The  cathedral,  the  church  of  Notre  Dame, 
the  exchange,  billiop*s  pa?ace,  the  palace  of 
the  governor,  of  the  inquifition,  &e.  are  all 
magnificent.  About  thirty  years  ago,  a 
very  large  cannon  foimdry  was  eftablifheci 
in  this  city,  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Maritz,  a 
Swifs.  Barcelona  carries  on  an  extenfive 
trade  in  its  own  fruits  and  manufadures  of 
glafs,  fwords,  knives,  &c.  and  foreign  mer- 
chandize. The  harbour  is  fpacious,  com- 
modious, and  always  full  of  veffels,  but  it  is 
fometimcs  dangerous:  it  daily  fills  up,  and 
requires  continual  care,  and  an  immenle 
expence,  to  keen  the  entrance  open :  the  fea 
vifibly  retires,  and  if  the  clearing  of  the  har- 
bour were  negledled  for  a  few  years,  Barce- 
lona would  foon  be  at  a  diftance  from  the 
fliorc.  It  is  defended  on  one  fide  from  the 
winds  by  Montjoui,  which  runs  into  the  iea 
in  the  form  of  a  promuntory,  and  on  the 
other  by  a  mole  three  hundred  paces  in 
length.  The  port  of  Barcelona  exports  its 
filks,  middling  cloths,  and  cotonades,  wines, 
brandies,  and  other  produflions;  and  if  we 
wilh  to  judge  of  the  part  the  Catalonians 
take  in  this  commerce,  it  mult  be  obferved, 
that  in  1782,  out  of  628  vefiels  which  en- 
tered Barcelona,  317  belonged  to  Spain. 
It  is  true  that  filks  from  Lyons,  flockings 
from  Nimes,  leveral  kinds  of  ffuffs  and  cot- 
tons, notwithitanding  the  prohibitionj  and 


BAR 

particularly  dried  cod,  an  article  for  which 
Spain  pays  annually  to  the  Englilh  three 
millions  of  piaftres,  pafs  into  Catidonia  by 
the  fame  port.  Barcelona  was  eredtcd  into 
a  county  by  Charlemagne,  and  became  an 
independent  fovereignty  in  the  year  873  or 
884.  The  king  of  S;)ain  is  called  the  Count 
of  Barcelona.  The  diocefe  contains  two 
hundred  and  thirteen  parifhes,  befides  eight 
in  the  city.  39  miles  ENE.  Taragona,  276 
ENE.  Madrid.  Long. z.o.E.  Laf.4i.2T,M. 

Biirci'lop.ctta,  a  town  of  France,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  diftritft,  in  the  department 
of  the  Lower  Alps.  It  anciently  belonged 
to  Piedmont,  and  was  ceded  to  France  in 
the  year  171,^,  It  is  fituated  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Ubaye,  in  a  valley  of  excellent 
pafturage.  In  1692,  it  was  taken  by  the 
French,  who  fortified  it.  i?-  miles  SE.  Em- 
brun,  and  24  NNE.  Digne.  Long.  6.  44. 
Lut.  44.  23-  N- 

BarcArjTietta^  or  Cuuianyotta,  a  town  of 
South-America,  inthe  government  of  Carac- 
cas,  and  principal  place  of  a  diftri(5t,  in  the 
province  of  Cumana.  It  is  fituated  in  an 
unhealthy  foot,  and  contains  about  14,000 
inhabitants.  42  miles  W.  Cumana.  Long. 
65. 16.  W.    L.it.  10.  6.  N. 

Barcelonetta.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalo- 
nia; founded,  in  1752,  by  the  Marquis  de  la 
Mina,  captain-general  of  the  province,  and 
built  on  a  neck  of  land  which  runs  from 
Barcelona  to  the  fea.  The  town  contains 
about  2000  houfes,  with  barracks  for  a  regi- 
ment of  foldiers;  and  a  church. 

Barceloiwe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gers,  anddiftridofNogaro, 
iituated  on  the  Adour.  It  contains  about 
2000  inhabitants.  9  miles  SW.  Nogaro, 
^1  WNW.  Mirande. 

Barcelor,  a  feaport  town  of  the  Eaft-Indies, 
with  a  good  harbour,  on  the  coaft  of  Mala- 
bar, between  Goa  and  Mangalore.  It  is  the 
capital  of  Canara,  and  formerly  belonged  to 
the  Portuguefe,  from  whom  it  was  taken  by 
the  Dutch.  The  chief  trade  is  in  rice.  Long. 
74.  14.  E.  Lat.  15.  30.  N. 

Barcelosi  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  EntreDuero  e  Minho,  not  far  from 
the  fea,  on  the  river  Cavado;  laid  to  have 
been  founded  by  Hamilcar  Barca  250  years 
before  Chriil.     8  miles  W.  Braga. 

Barchin^  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Kerman.     120  miles  SE.  Sirgian. 

Bai-chJkJe,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Hol- 
ftein.     12  miles  NE.  Hamburg. 

B archill,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Grenada.     15  miles  from  Guadix. 

Bard,  a  fortrefs  of  France,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  valley  of  Aofta,  in  a  narrow  defile  be- 
tween mountains,  by  the  fide  of  the  Dora 
Baltea.     17  miles  SSE.  Aofta. 

Barda,  or  Partka,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  circle  of  Leipiic.    2  m,  SW.  Grimma. 


BAR 

Bar  Jan,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak, 
miles  NVV.  Bagdad. 

Bard?!,  an  ill.ind  near  the  weft  coaft  of 
Hindooftan, about  40  milcsin  circumference, 
a  little  to  the  north  of  Gaa. 

Bardevjick,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Luncbiu-g,  on  the  Ilmenau;  fup- 
pofcd  to  be  one  of  the  moft  ancient  towns 
of  Germany.  It  was  in  a  very  profperous 
ftate,  and  the  fee  of  a  bilhop,in  tiie  year  1 189  ; 
when  Henry  the  Lion,  duke  of  Saxony  and 
Brunfwick,  took  and  razed  it  t  j  the  ground, 
becaufe  the  inhabitants  would  not  acknow- 
ledge him  after  he  had  been  profcribed  by 
the  emperor  Frederick  I.  The  bilhopric 
was  then  removed  to  Verdcn;  and  the  city 
of  Luneburg  received  the  advantages  of  trade 
end  pcjpulation  in  confequence.  4  miles  N. 
Luneburg.  Long.  10.  z^.Y-..  Laf. ^^.i^.ls. 

Barde-ivifch,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  vVcftphalia,  and  county  of  Delnien- 
horft.     6  n)iles  N.  Delmenhorff. 

Bardi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Parmefan, 
fituated  on  a  rock  near  the  iinali  river  Ceno, 
and  capital  ofa  marquifiite,  to  which  it  gives 
name.     26  miles  W.  Parma. 

Bardi,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Sibu.  Long.  123.  21.  E.  Lat. 
10.  38.  N. 

Bardia,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  Lower 
Siam,  near  the  gulf.  Long.  99.  30.  E.  Lat. 
10.  52.  N. 

Bardia,  or  Palo  Bardia,  a  fmall  ifland  in 
the  gulf  of  Siam.  Long.  99.  40.  E.  Lat. 
10.  4-8.  N. 

Bardia'w,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  -in  the 
province  of  Cutch,  on  the  road  from  Radun- 
pour  to  Tatta.     50  miles  N.  Boogebooge. 

Bardin,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Kerman.     42  miles  N.  Kerman. 

Bardis,  a  town  of  Egypt,  and  refidence  of 
a  fcheik,  whofe  authority  extends  a  confider- 
able  way  along  the  Nile.     6  miles  S.  Girge. 

Bardo,  fee  Bard. 

Bardoc,  one  of  the  Faroer  iflands.  Lat. 
61.55.  N. 

Bardoil,  or  Bardilloi,  a  river  of  Arabia, 
anciently  called  Bd'tus,  which  runs  into  the 
Red  Sea,  Lat.  23.  5   N. 

Bardonacl.v,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Po,  fituated  in  a  valley 
to  vv'hich  it  gives  name.  10  miles  N.  Se- 
zane,  and  6  WNW.  Exilles. 

Bardop,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs 
into  the  Read,  6  miles  N  W.  Ellfdon,  in  Nor- 
thumberland. 

Bardfey,  or  Tynis  Etilliy  i.e.  the  IJJandof 
Saints,  or  the  Ijlandofthe  Current,  an  ifland 
in  the  Iriili  Sea,  on  the  coaft  of  Wales,  about' 
two  miles  in  circumference,  and  about  three 
from  a  projeding  point  of  Caernarvonfhire. 
and  north-weft  extremity  of  Cardigan  bay. 
i,5vp-.5.4.  W.  /-r7^52.48.N. 

Bardjhir,  or  Kcvajlir,  a  town  of  Perfia, 


BAR 

In  t^e  province  of  Kerman.   ss  miles  FTsTE. 
Sirgian.  Lo;ig.  58.  20.  E.     Lai.  29.  -o.  N. 

Bai-Lijloxvn,  a  town  of  Kentucky,  in  the 
United  States  of  North-America,  and  chief 
place  of  the  county  of  Nclfon,  on  the  Beech- 
Fork  river;  about  25  miles  from  the  Ohio. 
Long.  S6.  10.  W.  Lat.  37.48.  N. 

Bardt,  iee  Barth. 

Bardubitz,  or  Pardnhttz,  a  town  of  Bo- 
Iiemia,  in  the  circle  of  Chrudim,  celebrated 
for  its  manufadtures,  fituated  on  the  Elbe. 
6  miles  N.  Chrudim. 

Bare^-AW  ifland  in  theSouth  Pacific  Ocean, 
near  the  eaft  coaft  of  New  Zealand;  it  is 
high  land,  not  fertile,  but  inhabited.  Lat. 
39.56.  S. 

Barealah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gur- 
ry Mundella.     10  miles  NW.  Mundella. 

Barcatty,  a  town  of  Cochin,  on  the  bor- 
ders ofDindigul.     60  miles  E.  Cochin. 

Barehone  Creek,  a  river  of  Kentucky, 
which  runs  into  the  Ohio,  Long.  85. 50.  W. 
Lat.  38.  25. N. 

Bare-GraJ'  Creek,  a  river  of  Kentucky, 
which  runs  into  the  Ohio,  Long.  86.  8.  W. 
i:^7A38.6.  N. 

Baree,  a  province  of  Hindooffan,  in  the 
country  of  Lahore,  between  the  rivers  Rau- 
vee,  Beyah,  and  Setledge. 

Bareges,  lee  Barrege. 

Barekdeivar,  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of 
^  Candahar.     30  miles  WSW.  Ghizni. 

Barelly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
41  miles  SSE.  Lucknow.  Long.  81.  zz-  E. 
Lat.  26. 14.  N.  m 

Baren,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  runs 
into  the  Roer,  near  Schwiert,  in  the  county 
ofMarck. 

Barcn,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the  Va- 
Jais.     25  miles  E.  Sion. 

Barenda,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Bahar. 
20  miles  NE.  Chittra. 

Barevfels,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Erzgeburg.  2  miles  W.  Altenberg. 

Barenjlcin,  or  Bernjlein,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  marggiavate  of  Meiflen.  17 
miles  S.  Drefden.  Long.  13.  46.  E.  Lat. 
SO.  45- N. 

Bareniiu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Seine.  9  miles  NW. 
Koucn. 

Barenton,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  tlie  Channel,  fituated  at  the 
fource  of'thc  Ardce  ;  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants about  2000.  20  miles  ESE.  Avranches, 
and  4  SE.  Mortain. 

Bares, A  town  of  Italy.  20m.  N. Bergamo. 

^.-nv/wc/,  a  ftrait  or  channel  of  Sweden, 
'  branching  off' tromthe  Baltic  between  Stege- 
berg  i'nd  Soderkit-ping.    In  it  is  a  cuflom- 
houle,  where  all  veilels  arc  learched. 

Barefzti,  a  town  of  Moldavia.  60  miles 
NNAV.  Juili,  and  15  S.  Doroiioi. 

Burciony  ( £IJ  a  i'eaport  of  Lybia,  on  the 


BAR 

coaft  of  the  Mediterranean,  anciently  called 
Paratoniiim.  150  miles  W.  Alexandria. 
Long.  2"].  10.  "E.     Lat.  ^j.  5.^. 

Bareuth,  fee  Bayreuih. 

Barenx,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Pyrenees.  5  miles  SE. 
Mauleon.  j 

Barjieur,  a  feaport  town  of  France,  in  the  I 
department  of  the  Channel.  It  was  at  one 
time  the  beff  port  on  the  coaft  of  Norman- 
dy. In  the  year  1035,  William  duke  of  Nor- 
mandy fitted  out  his  fleet  here,  v.  ith  which 
he  made  his  defcent  on  England;  and  his 
fucceflbrs  ufually.  failed  to,  and  took  their 
departure  from  it.  In  the  year  11 20,  Henry 
I.  fetfail  from  this  port,  and -was  by  a  fair  .  | 
wind  foon  out  of  light  of  land,  but  his  fon,  \ 
prince  William,  v/ho  with  feveral  young  no- 
blemen embarked  in  another  vefTel,  were  de- 
tained by  fome  accident;  during  which  in- 
terval his  failors,  as  well  as  their  captain, 
Fitz-Stephen,  having  employed  themfelves 
in  drinking, became  fo  intoxicated,  that  they 
ran  the  fliip  upon  a  rock,  where  it  was  im-  j 
mediately  dallied  to  pieces.  William  was  ^B 
putinto  the  long-boat,  when  hearing  the  cries  " 
of  his  natural  fifter,  the  Countefs  of  Perche, 
he  ordered  the  feamen  to  row  back,  !n  hopes 
of  fiiving  her;  but  by  the  numbers  that 
crowded  in  from  the  wreck,  the  boat  funk, 
and  the  prince,  with  all  his  retinue,  perifhed. 
Above  one  hundred  and  forty  young  noble- 
men, of  the  principal  families  of  England 
and  Normandy,  were  loft  on  this  occafion. 
The  only  perfon  on  board  who  efcaped  was 
a  butcher  of  Rouen,  who  clung  to  the  maft, 
and  was  taken  up  next  morning  by  fifh- 
ernien.  In  the  year  1346,  it  was  taken  and 
pillaged  by  Edward  fl!.  king  of  England, 
and  the  harbour  deftroyed,  12  miles  E. 
Cheiburg.  Long.  \.  io.\W .  Z^/.  49.40.  N. 

Barga,  a  town  of  Etruria,  on  the  river 
Serchio.     6  miles  from  Lucca. 

Bargazar  Point,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Iceland.    Long.  16.  38.  W.  Lat.  66.  18.  N. 

Barge,  or  Barges,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Po.  8  m.  S.  Pinerola. 

Barge  le  Chjtel,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Ain.  13  miles  WNW. 
Bourg-en-Brefle. 

Bargef/iofi,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Var.  15  miles  WSW. 
GrafTe,  and  6  NNE.  Draguignan. 

Bargenhi,  a  town  of  Aiiatic  Turkey,  in 
Caramania.     32  miles  SE.  Kiutaja. 

Bargsride,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ermeland,  on  the  Alia.  7  miles 
NNW.  AUenftcin. 

B argon,  a  town  of  Genoa.  8  miles  W. 
Brugneto. 

Bargo?ig,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Can- 
deifli.     25  miles  N.  Burhampour. 

Bargota,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre. 
18  miles  from  Eilella. 


BAR 

Bargstciif,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Bre- 
men, on  the  j^vie.     8  milts  S.  Stade. 

Barq^uzp.',  a  rivei  of  Siberia,  which  runs 
into  lake  Baikai,  near  Barguzinflc. 

Bar^nziiijkf^.  town  of  Siberia,  on  the  eaft 
coail  otiake  Bailvul,  on  the  river  Barguzin. 
104  miles  NE.  Irkuiik.  Lc/ig.  no.  14.  E. 
i^^t-  53-  30.  N. 

Barg-v.agajb,  a  province  of  Abyfiinia,  in 
the  kingdom  of  Tigre,  in  which  the  town 
of  Arkikois  (ituated. 

Barhoolna,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Ba- 
har,     4  miles  NW.  Bahar. 

Bari.,  a  fcaport  town  of  the  kingdom 
of  Naples,  on  the  coall  of  the  Adriatic, 
once  the  capital  of  the  province  of  the  fame 
name,  and  fee  of  an  archbiihop.  It  is  well 
built,  populous,  and  has  a  good  trade.  Bari 
vas  taken  by  the  Saracens,  who  planted  a 
colony.  la  871,  it  was  taken  by  the  united 
forces  of  the  Greeks  and  Franks;  afcer 
which  it  was  annexed  to  the  Greek  empire, 
and  became  the  metropolis  of  the  theme  or 
province  of  Lombardy.  It  was  afterwards 
taken  by  the  Koimans;  and  then  by  the 
Venetians,  who  deilroyjd  the  harbour.  18 
miles  E.Trani,  120  ENE.  Naples.  Long. 
16.  i;2.  E.  Lat.  i,\.  15.  N. 

Bari,  anciently  Apulia  Peucetia,  a  pro- 
vince of  Naples,  bounded  on  the  north  and 
north-eaft  by  the  feu,  on  the  eaft  and  fnuth- ' 
eaft  by  the  province  oFOtranto,  onthefouth 
by  the  Baiilicata,  and  011  the  weft  by  the 
Capitanata.  About  62  miles  Ic-ig,  ;;rd  ra- 
ther more  than  20  in  its  mean  breadth.  It 
produces  corn,  wine,  oil,  cotton,  fairron, 
and  fruits.  There  are  (ixteen  towers  built 
to  defend  the  coafts  from  corfairs.  Ihe 
principal  towns  are  Bari,  Trani  the  preient 
capital,  Bitonto,  Barlctta,  Altamura,  Gra- 
vina,  Molfetta,  Vifcglia,  and  Andri.  Ofanto 
is  the  only  river. 

Bari,  atov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Vliiapour. 
,30  miles  S\V.  Raibaug. 

Barjacy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gard.  14  miles  W.  Pont  St. 
Efprit,  and  30  N.  Nimes. 

Br3ria?-ed, ^town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Kerman.     57  miles  SW.  Sirnian. 

Baricourt,  a  town  of  France,  in  thedepart- 
ment  of  the  Ardennes.    9  m.  NE.  Grandpre. 
Barilla,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gurry 
Mundela.   30  miles  E.  Gurra. 

Baiillovitz,  a  town  of  Croatia,  on  the 
river  Korana.     10  miles  S.  Carlftadt. 

Bari?!,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Na- 
tolia.     12  miles  S.  Amaiieh. 

Barjoh,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftrid,  in  die  department  of  the 
Var;  the  town  is  populous,  and  is  iituated 
in  acharnjiiig  country.  27  miles  N.Toulon, 
and24E.Ai5i.  Long.G.^.Y..  Lat,4T,.29.^. 
Bariquicen:eto,  iee  Baraquice^nmto. 
Bark  Riv^r,  ?.  river  of  North-America, 


BAR 

which  runs  into  the  MilliiTippi,  Lo?!T.  91. 
56.  W.    Zrf/.  4.3.34.N. 

Barke,  Nor,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Dalc- 
carlia.  *  22  miles  WSW.  Iledcmora. 

Barke,  Soder,.i.  town  of  Sweden,  in  Dale- 
carlia.     22  miles  SW.  Ikdemora. 

Barkau,  ztown  of  thedutchy  of  Ilolftein. 
Snides  NW.  Pion. 

Baikcho,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  SmaJand. 
12  miles  NNW.  Calmar. 

Barking, -x  town  olEngland,  in  the  county 
of  Ellcx,  Iituated  on  a  creek  in  the  river 
Rothin,  to  which  it  gives  name,  near  the 
I'hames,  from  wliencc  goods  arc  brouglit  up 
to  the  quay.  It  has  a  weekly  market  held 
on  Saturday.  This  town  was  deftroved  by 
the  Danes  in  870,  and  re-bi;ilt  by  William 
the  Conqueror.  In  iSci,  the  number  of 
inhabitants  wrj3 15 85 .  5  miles  S W. Runiford, 
II  S.  Epping,  and  7  E.  London. 

B.irkoo,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Canara.  In  1799,  it  was  ceded 
to  Great-Britain.     16  miles  S.  Barceiore. 

Barkope,  a  town  of  Bengal.  25  miles 
SSE.  Bog  li  pour. 

Barko'iv,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Braclaw.    48  m.  WNW.  Braclav/. 

Barku,  or  Barraku,  a  town  of  Afiica,  in 
the  country  of  Agouna,  where  the  Dutch 
have  a  fort. 

Bai-ku  (Little,)  a  town  of  Africa.  4 
miles  from  Barku. 

jfft?,'/ju-^_)',a  town  ofEngland,  in  the  county 
of  Herts.  34^  miles  N.London,  and  16^ 
S.  Cambridge. 

Bar  lad,  ice  Birlat. 

Barhvvioiit,  or  Liarlevio?it,  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  Jemappe.  On 
the  1 8th  of  June,  1794,  the  allied  troops  of 
Aaftria  and  Pruilia  were  defeated  near  diis 
town  by  the  French  repuhlicans,  with  the 
Icfs  of  20C0  men.    12  miles  SE.  Le  Quefnoy. 

Bark,  a  river  of  England,  which  nfes  m 
Sonierfetdiire,  on  the  borders  of  Devon- 
ihire,  and  runs  into  the  Ex,  5  miles  below 
Dulv.-rton. 

Barlenga,  a  fnnill  ifland,  the  principal  of 
a  clufter  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  9  miles 
from  the  weft  coalr  of  Poitugal  ;  Vv'itli  a  for- 
tr^^fi :  thcfe  iflands  are  cuied  Boriiags  by  the 
E'.gliflifeamen,  and  the  greater  part  merely 
rocks.     Long.  9.  24.  W.     Lat.  39.20.  N. 

Barlipanetck,  a  tov/n  of  Ceylon.  ^^  m. 
E.  Caliioor. 

Barlctfa.^  a  feaport  town  of  Naples,  in  tlie 
country  of  , Bari,  on  the  yVdiiutic.  TJiis 
town  has  from  v/ithout  a  ruinous  alpect  ;  its 
wails  tumbling  down,  and  its  ditches  lilled 
with  rubuifli.  But  the  inhde  cf  the  city  is 
magnificently  built,  though  thirdly  peopled  : 
it  conveys  the  idea  of  a  capiial  of  Ho^m 
niighty  ftatc,  reduced  to  the  condition  of  a 
conquered  province,  or  depopulited  by  :i 
raging  pcftiknce.      Frequent  changes   of 


.      ^"  BAR 

mafters,  bnd  admininiration,  and  decay  oF 
commerce,  bl  ifted  the  profperity  of  Barletta. 
Its  ftieets  are  wide  and  well  paved ;  the  houfes 
large  and  lofty,  built  with  hewn  ftone, which 
from  a.qe  has  acquired  a  polifh  'ittle  inferior 
to  that  of  marble.  This  city  owes  its  ern- 
bi'llilliments  to  th"  policy  of  the  Aragonian 
kings,  who  relided  here,  to  fecure  the  alle- 
giance of  Put^lia.  In  the  cathedral,  which 
is  remarkable  for  its  antique  granite  columns, 
Ferdinand  tlie  Firft  caufed  himlelf  to  be 
crowned,  in  hopes  that  the  folemnity  of  the 
ceremony  would  infpire  the  people  with  awe 
and  refpe6t  for  his  perfon  and  family.  In 
the  market-place  ftands  a  coloflld  bronze 
flatue,  17  feet  3  inches  high,  reprefenting, 
as  is  fuppoled,  the  emperor  Heraclius,  who 
began  his  reign  in  610,  lent  from  Conftan- 
tinople  to  be  placed  in  the  chapel  of  St. 
Michael  on  Mount  Garganus,  but  the  (hip 
being  caft  away  on  the  Puglian  coalt,_  the 
Itatue  was  thrown  on  the  fands,  where  it  lay 
many  ages,  much  damaged,  and  half  buried. 
In  the  year  149T,  it  was  dug  up,  and  the 
hands  and  feet  being  reftored,  was  placed  in 
the  great  fquare  of  Barletta.  The  citadel  is 
ipacious,  and  commands  the  port,  which  is 
at  prefent  a  mere  labyrinth,  conlifting  of  fe- 
veral  irregular  piers,  where  (hips  are  moored, 
but  without  any  flicker  from  the  north  wind, 
which  fweeps  the  whole  bafon.  The  ex- 
ports here  are  fait,  corn,  almonds,  and  liquo- 
rice, a  root  that  grows  fpontaneoufly  in  the 
fwamps.  The  air  is  accounted  unwhole- 
ibme,  during  the  hot  months.  Barletta  is 
laid,  by  Baccius,  to  have  been  at  firft  no 
more  than  atower,  ordrinking-houfe,on  the 
road  to  Canncp,  which  had  for  its  fign  a  bar- 
rel, barillftta ;  when  the  cities  of  Cannas  and 
Canoiii  fell  to  decay,  and  the  advantages  of 
trade  drew  people  to  the  coall,  a  numerous 
colony  inicnfibly  gathered  round  this  lower; 
and  in  the  year  484,  Pope  Gelafius  came 
down  from  Garganus  to  confecrate  a  church 
lor  the  letlers,  wiiich  in  time  became  the 
catl-.edralofthc  united  fees  of  Nazareth,  Can- 
na",  and  Muiiteverdc.  The  Emperor  Fre- 
deric added  greatly  to  Barletta,  and  is  by 
fume  called  its  founder.  Other  authors  al- 
lign  higher  antitjuity  to  the  place,  and  fup- 
pofe  it  to  be  the  Barduli  of  the  Itineraries. 
In  the  year  1291,  the  Barlettans  rebelled 
^giir.lt  the  houle  of  Swabia,  and  fct  up  the 
P.ipal  llundard,  tor  which  they  were  feverelv 
]nini(hed.  In  the  15th  century,  Barletta  was 
eftecn'.ed  one  of  the  four  llrongeft  fortreflcs 
in  Italy.  It  was  mortgaged  to  the  Venetians 
by  F^rdinanii  the  Second,  and  retaken  fron) 
iluni  by  Gor'".!vo  de  Cordova,  who  here 
collected  his  forces,  and  made  his  firll  ftand 
againll-  ilie  French  in  ih.eyear  1503.  4  miles 
W.Trani.  J.ciig.  16.  ao.  E.  Lat\i.  19. N. 
I'iir/iy-Coz'i:,  a  creek  en  the  fouth-weft 
cuall  vi   Ireland,  betu-cen  Mizcnhead   and 


BAR 

Browlieac!,  in  the  county  of  Cork.    Long* 
9  40.  W.     Lat.  51.  24.  N. 

JJar/onv'j-Cove,  a  harbour  on  the  north 
coaftofAdmiraltvIfland,intheNorthPacific 
Ocean.    Lor.g.2%s   14  E.    /.^^  cS.  22.N. 

Barmacht  a  rocky  mountain  of  Perfia,  in 
the  province  of  Schirvan,  near  the  Cafpian 
Sea,  whither  many  Armenians  refort  annu- 
ally out  of  devotion,  near  Nifabad. 

Bai'viaiicotty,  a  town  of  Thibet.  5  miles 
S.  Sirinagur,  and  13  N.  Deuprag. 

Barvten,  atownof  Germany,inthe  dutchy 
of  Berg,  (ituated  in  a  fertile  valley,  to  which 
it  gives  name.     5  miles  N.  Lennep. 

Barmouth,  a  feaport  of  North-Wales,  in 
the  county  of  Merioneth,  (ituated  in  a  bay, 
tx)  which  it  gives  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Maw  or  Avon  ;  built  on  the  fide  of  a  moun- 
tain, fo  that  the  houfes  appear  one  above 
another.  At  high  water,  the  tide  forms  an 
eftuary  in  the  river,  a  mile  broad,  but  the 
entrance  is  hazardous,  on  account  of  many 
fand-banks.  A  few  years  fince,  4o,ooolbs. 
of  flannels,  and  lojooolbs.of  (lockings,  have 
been  fent  from  this  place,  but  generally  the 
trade  is  in  the  hands  of  faflors.  Much  com- 
pany refort  in  the  fummer  feafbn  to  bathe 
in  the  fea ;  and  there  are  two  markets  weekly, 
Tuefday  and  Friday.    8  m.  SW.  Dolgelly. 

Barvijladt,  a  town  of  Holftein.  i%  miles 
E.  Gluckftadt,  17  NNW.  Hamburg. 

Barnach,  a  fnial!  ifland,  near  the  weft  coaft 
of  Ireland,  near  Black-Sod-Bav. 

Baniagur,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Gan- 
ges.    5  miles  N.  Calcutta. 

BarnardsyZiowvi  of  Georgia,  on  the  Flint, 
river.     Zo;;^'-.  84.  a6.W.     /.^z/.  32.  9.N. 

Barnard'  \  Cajilc,  a  town  of  England,  on 
the  river  Tecs,  in  the  county  of  Durham, 
which  takes  its  name  from  a  caftle,  faid  to 
havebeen  built  by  Barnard  Baliol,an  anceftor 
of  John  Baliol  king  of  Scotland.  It  has  a 
large  weekly  market  on  Wednefday ;  and 
the  number  of  inhabitants,  in  1801,  was  2066, 
of  whom  460  were  employed  in  manufac- 
tures; the  chief  is  that  of  camblets.  254 
miles  N.  London.  Long.  r.  59. W.  Lat^ 
54.41.  N. 

'  IhirnaJ'iie,  mountains  of  Ireland,  in  the 
couiny  of  Kerry.     8  miles  SW.  Killarney. 

Barnaul,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the  well 
fide  of  the  Oby.     loc  miles  SSE.  Kolivan. 

Barnera,  fee  Berntra. 

Barncjlsy,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  Well 
Riding  of  Yorkfhire.  There  is  a  confiderable 
nianufadlure  for  wire,  as  likewife  for  hard- 
ware ;  another  for  linen,  and  another  for  glafs- 
bottles.  In  1 801  »trt€  number  of  inhabitants 
was  3606,  of  whom  1832  were  employed  in 
manufat'lures.  It  has  a  weekly  market  on 
Wedncldays.     15  miles  W.  Doncader. 

Bar)ieJviore,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in  the 
cc'iityof  Donegal.     Smiles  NE.  Donegal. 

Burnet,  a  town  of  England,  fituated  partly 


B  A  U 

great  North  road,  partly  in  HcrtfordHiire, 
and  partly  in  Middlefcx,  with  a  weekly  mar- 
ket on  Monday,  and  1690  inhabitants.  Near 
it  was  fought  a  bloody  battle  between  the 
Yorkifls  and  Lancaftrians,  the  former  com- 
manded by  KinsT  Edward  IV.  and  the  latter 
by  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  in  which  the  Earl 
was  flain,  with  many  noblemen,  and  10,000 
men  of  his  party;  this  battlewas  fought  14th 
April  1741.     II  miles  N.  London. 

Barnets,  a  town  of  Kentucky,  on  Rough 
Creek.     112  miles  SW.  Francfort. 

BarnevelJ,  or  Barreveld,  a  town  of  Hol- 
land, in  Guelderland.  10  miles  ESE.Amerf- 
fort,  and  14  NW.  Arnheim. 

Bamcveltf  Ijlards,  two  fmall  flat  iflands, 
near  the  coaft  of  Terra-del-Fuego.  Long. 
66.  ,<r8.  W.     Lat.ss-Ao.S. 

Barneinlk,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Channel,  and  dillrid  of 
Valognes.  12  miles  WSW.  Valognes,  and 
15  SSW.  Cherburg. 

Barnddpwick,  a  populous  manufacfturing 
village  of  England,  in  the  Wefl  Riding  of 
Yorkihire,  near  Settle. 

Baniftaple,  a  feaport  town  which  gives 
name  to  a  country  in  the  ftate  of  MafTachu- 
fets,  at  the  bottom  of  a  large  bay,  capable 
of  receiving  1000  fail  of  (hips.  56  miles  SE. 
Bofton.     Long.  TO.  li.W.    Z<r//.  41.41.  N. 

Bartijlaplct  a  feaport  town  of  England, 
fituated  on  the  river  Taw,  in  the  county  of 
Devon.  It  was  anciently  furrounded  with 
\valls,  and  defended  with  a  caftle,  had  the 
liberties  of  a  city,  and  a  good  harbour;  but 
the  harbour  is  now  (hallow,  fo  that  veflels 
Cannot  come  up  to  the  town,  yet  it  has  fome 
condderable  trade;  and  the  markets  held 
weekly, on  Fridays,  are  larpe  for  cattlc;  corn, 
and  provifions.  It  is  a  borough  town,  and 
fends  two  members  to  parliament.  In  1801, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  3748.  Barn- 
ftaple  bay  is  an  opening  in  the  Brillol  Chan- 
nel, formed  by  the  union  of  the  rivers  Taw 
and  Towridge.  40  miles  NNW.  Exeter, 
5 1  W.Taunton,  and  191  W.London.  Long. 
4.  4.  W.     Laf.  51.  12.  N. 

Barnjiorf,  or  Berndorf,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  county  of  Diepholz.  8  miles 
N.  Diepholz. 

Barntrup,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Lippe.     4  miles  NE.  Blomberg. 

Barn'wall,  a  town  of  North-Carolina,  on 
the  Nufe.     15  miles  W.  Ncwbern. 

Baroach,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Hindoo- 
ftan,  in  Guzerat,  anciently  called  Barygaza, 
and  celebrated  as  the  greateft  port  and  em- 
porium of  India.  In  the  year  1616,  the 
Englifli,  by  the  intereft  of  Sir  Thomas  Roe, 
had  permiffion  to  eftablifh  in  this  city  a  fac- 
tory, which  continues  here  to  this  day.  By 
the  year  i68.'^,  it  had  flouriflied  fo  greatly, 
that  the  inveftment  for  England  was  notlefs 
than  ^s  >ooo  pieces  of  buftaes,  £cc.  ot'diiierent 
Vol.  I,  JP 


BAR 

forts,  manufa(5lured  in  the  neighbourhood, 
and  in  quantity  and  finenefs  fupcrior  even  to 
thofe  of  Bengal.  Numbers  of  ancient  drach- 
ma have  been  found  here,  infcribed  with 
Greek  letters,  and  the  names  ot  Apollodotes, 
and  of  Menander,  king  of  Baiftria,  who  alfa 
reigned  in  this  part  of  India ;  and  had,  among 
other  conquefts,  added  Pattalena  to  his  for- 
mer dominions.  The  city  of  Barochia  ftandg 
on  a  riling  ground,  furrounded  with  water; 
it  is  waflied  by  the  Neibudda,  the  ancient 
Namadus.  In  the  wars  waged  by  Auren- 
zebe,  in  the  year  1660,  ag.nnll:  his  brothers, 
it  lided  with  the  latter.  After  a  flout  re- 
fiftance,  he  took  the  place,  put  part  of  the 
citizens  to  the  fword,  ami  razed  part  of  the 
walls,  which  he  afterwards  reftored.  It  is 
now  inhabited  by  weavers,  and  other  manu- 
facturers of  cotton  ;  the  neighbourhood  pro- 
ducing the  beft  in  the  world.  The  Mah- 
rattas  were  maftersof  this  city  tilljuly  1773, 
when  it  was  taken  by  the  Britifh  army  under 
Colonel  Wedderburne,  who  fell  before  the 
walls  by  a  Ihot  from  a  fpecies  of  mullcet, 
called  a  quinal.  The  place  was  immediately 
after  taken  by  ftorm,  and  the  moft  horrible 
exce/Tes  committed  by  the  troops  in  revenge 
ot  the  death  of  their  commander.  Baroach 
was  added  to  the  Britifli  empire  by  the  treaty 
of  Poonah  ;  but  in  the  year  1782,  was  ceded 
to  Madajee  Scindia,  a  Mahratta  chieftain,  in 
reward  for  his  afliiting  us  to  make  peace  ; 
In  Odober  1803,  it  was  taken  by  the  Britifh, 
and  in  December  ceded  by  treaty  with  Scin- 
dia to  Great-Britain.  34  miles  N.  Surat, 
an!  80  S.  Amedabad.  Long.  72.  58.  E^ 
Lat.  21.  45.  N. 

Barocke  fous  Luce,  (La,)  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Orne.  4 
miles  SSE.  Domfront. 

Baroda,  a  town  ot  Hindooftan,  in  Berar. 
25  miles  NW  Chanda. 

Barolke,  a  town  of  Hindooflian,  in  the 
province  ot  Benares.     46  miles  W.  Benares. 

Baron,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Oife.     10  miles  ESE.  Senlis. 

Barom,  a  mountain  of  Naples,  in  Capi- 
tanata.     15  miles  NE.  Manfiedonia. 

Baronella,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Molife. 
5  miles  NE.  Boiano. 

Baronjlonun,  a  town  of  Ireland,   in  the 

county  of  Louth.    6  miles  WNW.  Dundalk. 

_  Baroogong,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 

circar  of  Aurungabad.  10  m.  E.  Jafiitrabad. 

Baroongan,  a  town  on  the  eail  coafl  of* 
the  ifland  of  Borneo.  Long.  116.  42.  E. 
Lat.  2.46.  N. 

Baros,  or  Barros,  a  feaport  town  n^  the 
ifland  of  Celebes,  where  the  Dutch  have  a 
fadory  and  feitlement ;  and  here  is  a  good 
maiket  for  opium  and  cloth.  Long.  119. 15. 
E.    Lat.  I.  24.  S. 

Baros,  or  Baroos,  a  town  on  tlie  weft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Sumatra,  abundant  vx 


BAR 

gold,  camphor,  and  benzoin  ;  but  admitting 
110  foreign  commodities.  Long.  ^7.  S5-  E. 
Lett.  I.  54-  N. 

Baroftn^  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Adriatic. 
Long.  15.  22.  E.     J^at.  44'  7-  N. 

Baroia,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Malwa. 
■10  miles  NE.  Indore. 

Barouah,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in_  the 
circar  of  Cicacole.     40  miles  SS  W.  Ganjam. 

Baroid,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Agi- 
merc.     15  miles  E.  Na2;orc. 

Bctroiveczy  a  town  of  Poland,  in  tlie  pala- 
tinate of  Lublin. '  36  miles  N.  Lublin. 

Barques  Point,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
of  Sa.qana  bay,  in  lake  Huron.  Long.  82. 
59.  W.     Xi?/.  44.  20.N. 

Barque  River,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which 
runs  into  the  Miffouri,  Long.  93.  14.  W. 
L^/'.  .-^B.  4.-i-N. 

Burr,  or  Baar,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lower  Rhine.  7  miles 
WNW.  Benfelden. 

Barr,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs  into 
the  Fcyle,  nearLitfbrd. 

Barra,  an  ifknd  of  Africa,  in  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Gambia. 

Barra,  or  Bar,  a  kingdom  of  Afiica,  near 
the  river  Gambia,  on  the  borders  of  it,  which 
extends  about  60  miles.  Barra,  the  capital,  is 
in  the  N.  lideofthe  Gambia.  Z^?/. 13.25. N. 

Barra,  or  Barray,  one  of  the  weftern 
idands  of  Scotland:  about  iix  miles  long, 
and  two  and  a  half  broad.  The  principal 
produce  is  barley  and  potatoes;  great  quan- 
tities of  cod  ana  ling  are  caught  on  the  eaft 
coafl,  30,000  of  the  latter  having  one  year 
been  fent  tiom  this  ifland  to  Glafgow,  which 
is  thought  to  be  about  the  average,  where 
tiiey  are  fold  for  about  5I.  or  6l.  a  hundred; 
the  filhermen  alio  catch  fc)nie  dog-fifli,  the 
qil  of  which  they  burn  in  their  lamps,  and 
it'll  what  they  do  nut  con.{l;me  at  7d.  or  8d. 
the  Scotch  pint.  Sbtll-fiib  abound  here, 
fuch  as  lim[)Cts,  mufcles,  wilks, clams,  fpout- 
fiih  or  razor-iiib,  lobflers,  cr;;bs,  &c.  &c.; 
but  what  is  finguhuiy  beneficial  to  the  inha- 
bitants, is  the  ihell-fifli  called  cockle.  It  is 
found  upon  the  great  fand  on  the  north  end 
oi  Banay,  in  fuch  quantities,  that  in  times 
of  great  fcarcity,  all  the  families  upon  the 
ifland  (about  :co)  rclbrt  to  it  for  their  daily 
lub,filfencc.  It  has  been  computed,  that  in 
twofunmieis,  which  were  peculiarly  diftref- 
<ing  on  account  of  the  great  fcarcity,  no  Jcis 
than  trom  100  to  200  horllj-loads  of  cockles 
were  taken  off  the  Jimds  at  low  water,  every 
day  of  the  ii)r;ng-tidcs,  during  the  months 
oi  May,  June,  July,  and  Auguft.  If  the 
people  made  u)^^  of  cockles  in  plentiful  years, 
they  might  fave  a:;  much  bread  as  would 
prevent  afcai'ci'ty  in  the  worft  of  times.  In 
1801,  tiae  number  of  inhabitants  was  1925. 
5  miles  S.  li-om  the  ifland  of  South-Uilt. 
•'^■k"«  •  7-  jO-  W.    Lat.  5  7.  0.  N. 


BAR 

Barra,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Orifia'. 
24  miles  WSW.  Cattack. 

Barra,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Oude, 
15  miles  S.  Corah. 

Barra,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North  Sea, 
about  27  miles  from  Cape  Wrath,  the  north- 
weft  extremity  of  Scotland.  Long.  5.40. 
W.     Z-s/'.  58.58.  N. 

Barra,  a  town  of  AbyfTinia.  10  miles  W. 
Dobarowa. 

Barrahoa,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Magadoxa. 

Barraconda,  fee  Baraconda. 

Barr  ad,  a  town  of  Arabia.  40  miles  SE- 
Saade. 

Barrady,  a  river  of  Syria,  (fuppofed  to  be 
the  Abana  of  holy  writ,)  which  pafl'es  by 
Damafcus,  and  fupphes  the  fountains  with 
water  ;foon  after  which  itlofes  itfelfin  a  lake. 

Barramanl,  or  Barra-Mabul,  a  low  traft 
of  country  in  Hindooftan.  The  meaning  of 
the  word  is  12  paces,  having  in  it  12  forts, 
fituated  on  rocky  commanding  eminences. 
Of  thefe,  Kiltnagheri  is  reckoned  theflrong- 
eft.  Situated  between  Myibre  and  the  lu- 
bah  of  Arcot. 

Barr  an,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gers,containing  about  7C0  in- 
habitants. 6  miles  WS.  Auch,  and  6  N. 
Mirande. 

Barrance,  a  town  of  Peru,  with  a  harbour, 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  10.  30.  S. 

Barrapalong,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the 
province  of  Chittigong.  66  miles  S.  Ifla- 
mabad. 

^i//v<^/'i;7r^,  a  town  of  Bengal.  50  miles 
NNE.  Dacca. 

ij(/rr/?^/7<r,  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  miles  S. 
Palamow. 

Batrary,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
2,G  miles  ESE.  Fyzabad. 

Barraux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  departr  ■ 
mcnt  of  the  Here.     18  miles  S.  Grenoble. 

BarraJ'aty  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles  S.' 
Kilhenagur.  '    • 

Barrafct,  a  town  of  Bengal.  10  miles 
NNE.  Calcutta. 

Barratalla,  a  branch  of  the  river  Hoogly> 
which  runs  into  the  bay  of  Bengal,  Long. 
88.  21.E.     Z^/.  21.35.  N. 

Barrc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lozerre.  6  miles  S.  Florae, 
18  WNW.  Alais. 

Barre,  La,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Eure.  9  miles  SSE.  Ber- 
nay,  and  18  WSW.  Evreux. 

Barreah  ;i  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Guzf.- 
rat.     18  miles  SE.  Godra. 

Barnak,  a  circar  of  Hindooflaa,  in  the 
country  of  Guzcrat. 

Barrcge  Is  Buinsi,  a  town  of  France,  fitu- 
ated in  a  valley,  at  the  foot  of  the  Pyrenees, 
in  which  are  a  number  of  medicinal  fprings 
of  ditlercut  degrees  of  heat,  from  luke-waw 


S  A  H 

to  nearly  fcalding  hot,  from  95  to  113  de- 
grees of  Fahrenheit's  tiiermonieter.  The 
waters  are  limpid,  unctuous  or  oily  to  the 
touch,  and  in  tafte  and  fmell  laid  to  refenible 
eggs  on  which  a  hen  has  fat  fome  time. 
They  are  ufcd  both  for  bathing  and  drinking. 
Six  ports  S.Tarbes.  i.;^.'^.  c.  8.  E.  Lat. 
42-  53-  N. 

Bands,  rocks  near  the  fouth  coaft  of  the 
county  of  Wexford,  in  the  Irifh  Sea.  5 
miles  S W.  Carnfore  Point.  Long.  6.  24.  W. 
Lat.  52.  9.N. 

Barrels,  rocks  near  the  foiith  coaft  of  Ire- 
land, in  Courtmafchery-bay,  on  the  coaft  of 
Cork.    Losg.  8.38.  W.     Laf.  si.  ^l-'^- 

Barreiras,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,  Lat.  19.  4?.  S. 

Barreiro,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eilra- 
madura,  on  the  lelt  bank  of  the  Tagus.  6 
miles  SSE.Lilbon. 

Barrhiie,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Alps.  10  miles  SSE. 
Digne. 

Barren  Inlet,  a  channel  of  the  Atlantic, 
between  two  Imall  ilLinds,  on  the  coaft  of 
North-Carolina.  Long,  jj'  S5'  W.  Lat. 
34'  14-  N. 

Barren  IJlatid,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Che- 
fapeak  river.  Long.  76.  ^^.  W.  Lat. 
38.  34.  N.  _  _ 

Barren  IJlctnd,  an  ifland  in  the  Eaft -Indian 
Sea,  about  18  miles  in  circumference^  and  54 
miles  eaft  from  the  Great  Andaman.  Long. 
64.  10.  E.     Lat.  ID.  20.  N. 

Barren  Ijlands,  a  clufter  of  fmall  iflands 
in  the  Nonh  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  weft 
coaft  of  America,  a  little  fouth  of  Cook's 
inlet.     Long.  200.  T,i'  E.    Lat.  58.  56.  N. 

Barren  River,  a  river  of  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  the  Green  River,  Long  87.  W. 
Lat.  7,^.S2.  N. 

Barren  River,  (Little,)  a  river  of  Ken- 
tucky, which  runs  into  Green  River,  Long. 
86.  2.  W.     Z^r.37.  3.  N. 

Barreone,  a  riyer  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Veftibia,  near  St.  Martin,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Maritime  Alps. 

Barriconda,-x\.o\}x\  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bar- 
ramaul.     20  miles  NNVV.  Darampoory. 

Barricourt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardennes.  18  miles  S.  Se- 
dan, and  9  NE.  Grandpre. 

Barrier  Ijland:,  a  range  of  iflands,  thirty 
miles  in  length,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Thames,  near  the  eafl  coaft  of  New- Zea- 
land.    Long.i^^.zT.W.     Lat. 36. IT. S. 

Barrihar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
18  miles  NW.  Manickpour. 

Barrihua,  a  town  of  Afia.  70  miles  S. 
Mocaumpour. 

Bar  rile,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Balilicatai 
7  miles  WSW.  Venofa. 

Barrington,  a  town  of  Nova-Scotia,  on 
the  fouth  coaft.     16  miles  SW.  Shelburn. 

Pi 


BAR 

Barrington,  a  town  of  Rhod<"  Ifland,  oQ 
the  river  Swanfey.     6'miles  from  Briftol. 

Barrington,  (Great,)  a  town  of  MafTa- 
chufets.  105  miles  W.  Bolton.  Long,  t 2,. 
22.  W.     Lat.  42.  16.  N. 

Barripour,  a  town  of  Bengal.     14  miles 

S.Calcutta.  Long.Z'i.zi.'E.  Lat. 22. 21. N. 

Barro,  a  town  on  the  welt  coaft  of  the 

ifland  of  Celebes.     Lo/'g.  120.  6.  E.     Lat, 

4.   3-  S 

Barros  deZiiuiga,  a  fhoal  at  the  entrance 
of  the  port  of  St.  Diego,  on  the  coaft  of 
New-Albion,  about  half  a  nfile  NE.  from 
Point  de  la  Loma. 

Barrage:,  a  town  of  England,  in  Leicefter- 
fliire,  on  the  Soar,  containing,  in  1801,  a 
population  of  1090  inhabitants.  3  miles  N. 
Mcu-^tfcrrel. 

Barromi,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  rifcs  in 
the  northern  part  of  Queen's  county,  and 
runs  into  Waterford  bay. 

Barrow,  (Little,)  a  river  of  Ireland, 
which  runs  into  the  Barrow,'  about  4  miles 
E.  Portarlingtoui 

Barrow  Point,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  (£. 
Ireland,  in  the  county  of  Cork.  5  miles  E. 
Kinfale.  Long.  8.21.  W.  Lat.  5 1.  43.  N. 
Barrulo,  a  town  on  the  north  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Borneo.  Long.  112.  2?.  E,  Lat. 
3.  18.  N. 

Barry,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Briftol  chan- 
nel, near  the  fouth  coaft  of  Wales.  3  miles 
W.  Flat  Holm. 

Bars,  a  town  of  Hungary,  and  chief 
place  of  a  county  of  the  fame  name.  8  miles 
W.  Leventz. 

Barfae,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde,  on  the  Garonne.  18 
miles  SSE.  Bourdeaux. 

Barfallacb  Point,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on 
the  coaft  of  the  county  of  Wigton,  in  Luce 
bay.  8  miles  NW.  Burrowhead. 
Barf  en,  fee  Betzirvan. 
Barjhdorf,  a  village  of  Silefia,  in  the  prin^' 
cipality  of  Lignitz,  rcmarkiible  for  a  battle 
between  theAuftrians  andPruflians  in  1757.. 
a  miles  SE.  Lignitz. 

Bafers,  a  town  of  Norway.  50  miles  NE. 
Romfdal. 

Barjhonhi,  or  Bartjloenlii,  a  town  of  Alia- 
tic  Tuikey,  in  Natoiia.     40  m.E.  Kiutajah. 
Ba-rfin,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Chorafan.     100  miles  NW.  Herat. 

Barjin,  a  large  plain  of  l\irkefta/i,  near 

Taflikund,    where   Timur  Bee    encamped 

after  his  return  from  theconqueltofCapchac. 

Barjir,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 

QfKirman.     60  miles  NE.  Sirgian. 

BarsCe,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Little  Belt. 
Long.  9.  35. E.    Lat.  SS'  1'  N. 

Bartapour,  a  town  of  India-,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Kemaoon,  on  an  ifland  in  the  Ganges. 
9^  miles  E.  Bereilly,  90  N.  Luckajw. 
Liv.g.  81.  31.  E.  Lat.  28.  20.  N. 


-■^■. 


"BAR 

Barteit,  a  town  of  PrufTia,  and  Capital  of 
a  fmall  country,  called  Baitenland,  in  the 
province  of  Natangen.  It  is  a  fmall  well- 
built  town,  with  a  caftle  or  palace,  formerly 
the  refidence  of  the  bifliop  of  Pomefania, 
and  knights  of  the  Teutonic  order.  40  miles 
SE.  Konigfberg.  Long.  zi.  24.  E.  Lat. 
54.  7.  N. 

Barfenjlein,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Natangen,  fituated  on  the  river  Alle. 
28  miles  S.  rKonigfberg.  Long  20.  si-  E. 
Lat.  54.  10.  N. 

BarL'nJlcifi,  a  town  and  caftle  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  principality  ofHohenlohe.  6 
miles  S.  Weickerflieim. 

Barth,  or  Bardt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  of  Upper  Saxony,  which  gives 
name  to  a  principality  in  Anterior  Pomera- 
nia,  fituated  in  abay  of  the  Baltic.  It  has  a 
tribunal  of  jullice,  and  a  chapter  of  ladies 
founded  in  1733.  In  1677,  it  was  taken  by 
the  eleftor  ot  Brandenburgh,  but  reftored 
to  the  Swedes  two  years  after,  iz  miles 
NW.  Stralfund.  Lo/ig.  12.  44.  E.  Lat. 
54. 23.  N. 

Barth-Head,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
South  Ronaldiha.  Long.  2.  51.  W.  Luf. 
58.38.N. 

Barthe  de  NejJes,  {La,)  a  town  of  France, 
and  principal  place  of  a  diftrid,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Higher  Pvrences.  18  miles 
yE.  Tarbes.    Long.  o.  29.  E.   Lat.  43.  4.  N. 

Bartholo?}ie\v,  a  county  of  South-Carolina, 
in  the  United  States  of  America. 

Bartholovienx).,  fee  St.  Bartholoimtv. 

Bartohdorf,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ermeland.     24  miles  S.  Heilfperg. 

Barton,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancafhire. 
In  1801,  the  population  was  6197,  of  whom 
34^,7  were  employed  in  manufadures.  6  m. 
SW.  Manchefter. 

Barton-upon-Humher-,  a  town  of  England, 
in  tlie  county  of  Lincoln,  on  the  fouth  iide 
of  the  Humber,  from  whence  paflage  boats 
go  every  day  to  Hull,  fevcn  miles  -acrol's. 
There  is  a  weekly  market  on  Mondays.  It 
contains  two  churches,  and  about  1700  inha- 
bitants. 34  miles  N.  Lincoln,  166  N.  lion- 
don.     Long.  1.27.  W.  Lat.  5:^.  40.  N. 

Barton-u/iddr-N'cc'd^cod,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, in  Stalfordlhire.  8  miles  NE.  Litch- 
lield. 

Barton*  s  Creek, Ti.  river  of  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Cumberland,  in  the  Tcn- 
rafee  government.  Long.ZC.A^i'StV-  Lai. 
36.  17.  N.,      . 

Bartrach,  an  ifland  in  the  bay  of  Killalla, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Moy  ;  about  two 
miles  long,  and  a  halt  ;i  mile  broad.  2  miles 
NE.  Killalla.    Long.^  9.  W.  Lat.  54. 13.  N. 

Bartfcl>iTiVi\cx  of  Silefia,  which  runs  into 
the  Oder,  7  miles  above  Gros  Glogan. 

Bartfan,  a  town  of  Hungary.  14  niilcs 
NNL.  Sicbeu. 


BAR 

BnHas,  a  town  of  Hungary.  16  mile's 
NW.  Palotza. 

Baruchela,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the.Polifino 
de  Rovigo.     16  miles  WSW.  Rovigo. 

Bariid,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  eaft  fide 
of  the  Rhine.     7  miles  SE.  Manfilout. 

Band,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  eaft  fide 
of  the  Rhine.     12  miles  S.  Dendera. 

Barud,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  v/eft 
fide  of  the  Rhine.     18  miles  S.  Siut. 

Barver,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  ofDiepholz.    6  m.  ENE.Diepholz. 

Barvilijloi,  a  towa  of  Lithuania,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Troki.   28  miles  SW.Troki. 

Banim,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Luneburg.  10  miles  S.  Luneburg. 

Bariin  IJlands,  a  clufter  of  fmall  iflands  in 
the  Indian  Sea,  near  the  weft  coaft  of  Mada- 
gafcar.     Long.  44.  25.  E.  Lat.  18.  20.  N. 

Baruth,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Upper  Saxonv,  with  a  citadel,  which 
gives  name  to  a  lordfliip,  purchafed,  in  1596, 
by  the  count  of  Solms.  In  1671,  itwas  for 
the  greater  part  confumed  by  hre.  22  miles. 
SSE.Potzdam,  34  NE.  Wittenberg.  Long. 
13.  25.  E.  Lat.  s:,.  3.  N.  _ 

Baruth,  a  town  of  Lufatia.  7  miles  NE*v 
Budiflen. 

Barnualde,  fee  Baernualde. 

Barivara,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.     10  miles  NW.  Durbungah. 

Barivary,a.  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
42  miles  NNE.  Hajypour. 

Baravc//'s  Ijland,  a  fmall  oval  ifland,  in 
the  Mergui  Archipelago.     Lat.  10.  8.  N. 

Barzeto,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  dutchy  of 
Parma.     17  miles  SSW.  Parma. 

Barzis,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  4 
miles  N.  Aviano. 

Barzod,-\  town  of  Hungary,  and  capital 
of  a  county  of  the  fame  name,  iltuated  on  the 
Hernach,  betv/een  CafTovia  and  Erlau. 

Bas,  a  fmall  ifland  in  theEnglifli  channel, 
near  the  coaft  of  France,  with  a  fort  to  de- 
fend the  road ;  there  are  not  above  50  inha- 
bitants.   Zw^.  3.  55.W.  Z^z/.  48.45.  N. 

Bas  en  Bajfet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Upper  Loire.  3  miLs 
NW.  Moniftrol,  19  N.  Le  Puy. 

Bafain,  a  townof  Hindooftan, in  Agimcre. 
15  miles  E.  Jyepour. 

BafaLhok,  a  town  of  Hindooftan*  \% 
miles  SSW.  Bahar. 

Bafannh,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  15  m. 
S.  Bahar. 

Bafay,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Samur.  Long.  124.59.  E.  Liit. 
II.  28.N. 

Bajhagce,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  16  m.' 
W.  Agimere. 

Bajhcrg,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Saatz.     6  miles  NW.  Commotau. 

Bajhoch,  a  town  of  Nuiii^.  10  miloe  NE. 
Scnnaar. 


J 


B  A  S 

Bafcara,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
op  the  Fluvia.     15  miles  NNE.  Gerona. 
'  Bafdi,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Spoleto. 
9  miles  SW.  Todi. 

Bafciano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Uhra.    4  miles  SSE.  Tenimo.  _ 

Bafcon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Landes.  6  miles  SE.  Mont 
de  Marfan. 

Bafcuhivihai,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey, 
in  Natolia.     36  miles  E.  Pergamo. 

Basdcpoury  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
N.  Dacca. 

■    Bafdece,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Capitanata. 
7  miles  SSW.  Voiturara. 

Bajeidehn.,  a  town  of  Franconia,  in  the 
county  of  Limburg.  a  miles  E.  Marckt 
Enerilieim. 

Bafdetif  fee  Bajfatln. 

Basford,  a  town  of  England,  in  Notting- 
li.imfhire.  In  1801,  the  population  was  2124, 
of  which  778  were  employed  in  manufac- 
tures.    3  miles  N.  Nottingham. 

BaJJie,  a  town  of  Syria.  24  miles  S\V. 
Banibouch. 

Bajhee  IJIarJs,  five  iflands  in  the  Chinefe 
fea;  "three  of  them  are  large,  and  four  of 
them  inhabited  ;  they  are  faid  to  be  fo  called 
by  Dampier,  from  the  name  of  a  liquor  ufed 
by  the  inhabitants,  made  of  the  juice  of  the 
fugar-cane  and  a  fmall  black  grain.  This 
name  was  given  to  the  mofl  eafterly  ifland, 
and  became  general  to  them  all.  The  pro- 
du<51:ions  are  plantains,  bananas,  pine-apples, 
fugar-canes,  potatoes,  yams,  ,and  cotton  ; 
their  quadrupeds  are  goats  and  hogs.  The 
names  of  the  iflands  are  Orange,  Grafton, 
Monmouth,  Ifle  of  Goats,  and  Bafhee  or 
Bachi :  they  are  fituated  to  the  fouth  of 
Formofa.  Their  fituation  is  in  Long.  izz. 
E.  Lat.  20.  28.  to  20.  ss-  N.  Two  rocks 
towards  the  north  ought,  according  to  Pe- 
roufe,  to  be  called  iflets ;  the  leaft  of  them 
being  half  a  league  in  circumference,  and 
though  not  woody,  covered  with  grafs. 
Tlieie  are  fituated  in  Lat.  21.  9.  N. 

Bafiee,  or  Bachi,  an  ifland  in  the  Chinefe 
fea,  the  moft  eaflerly  of  five,  called  from 
this  the  BaJI)ee  IJJands  :  the  form  appears 
circular,  about  6  miles  in  diameter.  It  has 
a  town  of  the  fame  name.  Long.  121.  SS' 
E.  Lat.  21.  28.  N. 

Bajhi  Keiii,  a  town  of  Turkifh  Armenia. 
30  miles  SSW.  Kars. 

Bajhlot  a  river  of  Abyflinia,  which  ruiis 
into  the  Nile,  30  miles  SE.  Alata. 

Bajhmut,  a  diibid  of  Egypt,  on  theNE. 
of  the  Deha. 

Bajijn,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Chufiflan, 
on  the  Karaniu.     60  miles  S.  Sufler. 

-Bafiento,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  gulf  of  Tarento.  On  the  banks 
of  this  river  an  interview  was  held  between 
Caefar  and  Anthony,  whence  they  retired  to 


B  A  S 

Tarentum,  to  form  a  plan  for  fettling  the 
Roman  empire.  Zcwcf.  16.45. E.Z^?/.  40.32. 

BafiU  or  Baflc.  Ice  Bile. 

Bajilan,  one  of  the  Philippine  iflands,  60 
miles  in  circumference,  very  fertile,  elpeci- 
ally  in  fruit  and  rice.  18  miles  SW.  Minda- 
nao.    Long.  121.  E.   Lat.  5. 50.  N. 

Bafdhab.,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Tunis,  on 
the  Mejerdah.     30  miles  SW.  Tunis. 

Bajjli,  a  river  of  European  Turkey,  which 
runs  into  the  gulf  of  Colokitia.  '4  miles 
NNE.  Colokitia. 

BaJ:!ia,a.  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
of  Volhynia.  32  miles  WNW.  Conftan- 
tinow. 

Bafilica,  or  St.  Bajili,  or  Vajilica,  a  town 
of  European  Turkey,  in  Livadia,  on  the  gulf 
of  Lepanto,  on  the  fcite  of  the  ancient  Sicy- 
on.     12  miles  NW.  Corinto. 

BafiUcata,  a  province  of  the  kingdom  of 
Naples,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Capi- 
tanata and  Bari,  on  the  eafl  by  the  gulf  of 
TarentOjOn  the  fouth  by  PrincipatoCitra  and 
Calabria  Citra,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  Princi- 
pato  Ultra ;  about  66  miles  in  length,  and 
50  in  breadth.  It  received  its  name  from  the 
Emperor  Bafilius  II.  It  produces  corn,  wine, 
oil,  fafFron,  cotton,  honey,  and  wax  in  abun- 
dance. The  princip;il  towns  are  Melfi,  Ace- 
renza,  Potenza,  Turfi,  and  Venofa. 

Bajilipotanio,  fee  Bajili. 

Bafilipotavio,  a  river  of  Cyprus,  which 
runs  into  the  lea,  15  miles  E.  Limafol. 

Bafin  d^ArcaJfon,  a  bay  on  the  coafl  of 
France,  open  to  the  Atlantic.  Long.  i.  5. 
W.  Lat.  44.  42.  N. 

BaJInda,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Leon.     44  miles  WNW.  Aflorga. 

Baftngstoke,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Hants,  with  a  good  corn  market 
every  Wcdnefday,  and  2589  inhabitants. 
A  navigable  canal  was  lately  made  from  this 
town  to  the  river  Wey  ;  there  is  a  manufac- 
ture of  druggets  and  Ifialoons.  On  the 
downs  near  the  town  a  bloody  battle  was 
\vas  fought  between  the  Saxons  and  Danes, 
in  871  ;  and  about  a  mile  from  it  ll:ood 
Bafing-houfe,  belonging  to  the  Marquis  of 
of  Wmchelter,  which  was  held  a3  a  fortrefs 
with  a  garrifon,  by  the  noble  owner,  for 
Charles  I.  After  an  obftinate  defence,  it 
was  taken  by  Cromwell,  who  put  mofl  of 
the  garrifon  to  the  fword,  and  reduced  the 
noble  manfion  to  aflaes.  37  miles  E.  Salis- 
bury, 46  W.  London. 

Bajird,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Sivas,  on  the  Black  fea.  20 
miles  W.  Samfoun. 

Bafking-Ridgi:,  a  place  of  United  Ame- 
rica, where  General  Lte  v.'as  taken  prifoner 
by  Colonel  Harcourt,  in  1776. 

Bajle,  fee  Bdle. 

Basova,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the  river 
Lena.    20  miles  S.  Orlenga. 


15  A  S 

Bafoth,  a  fort  of  Hindooftan,  In  Baliar. 

25  miles  S3W.  Bahar, 

Bafqm  Jjlaudy  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  river 
St.  I,:iwrer:ce,  near  the  coaft  ot  Lower 
Canada.     Loiig.  68.  52.  W.  Lat.  48.  i5;N, 

Biifqucs,  [Les)  acountry  of  France  before 
the  vevoliuion,  iituated  between  the  fea, 
Sp.iin,  the  river  Adoiir,  and  Beam. 

Bafqueville,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partiucnt  of  the  Lower  Seine.  9  miles 
SSW.  Dieppe,  21  NNW.  Rouen, 

Bafri},  a  town  ot  Effvpt,  on  the  right 
bank'of  the  Nile.     5  miles  SSE.Siut. 

Bafra,  a  t:7wn  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guzcrat, 
30  miles  ENE.  Cambay. 

Bafrah,  fee  Bajfora. 

Bafroticke,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  p*o- 
vinLC  of  Taberidan.     27  m.  W.  Fehrabat. 

Bafs  IJJand.,  an  ifland  or  rock  in  the  Ger- 
man Ocean,  near  the  nor-h-eaft  coall  of  the 
county  of  Haddington,  in  Scotland.  It  is  of 
a  moft  ftupcndous  height;  on  the  fouth  li^e 
the  top  appears  of  the  form  of  a  cone,  and 
towards  the  north  it  fearfully  ovcrhangsthe 
fea.  Upon  die  top  of  this  vock  there  is  3 
fpiing,  'Ahich  fupplicd  a  fi.fficient  quantity 
of  water  for  the  garrif^n  of  a  fmall  caille 
(now  negletfted) ;  there  is  alf  J  pafture  for 
20  or  30  (heep,  and  a  fmall  warren  of  rab- 
bits ;  but  this  rock  is  more  particularly  fa- 
mous for  the  great  flock  of  loa-fiwls  which 
relort  thither  in  the  months  of  May  and 
June,  the  furface  of  it  being  almofl  covered 
v/ith  thfir  neils,  eggs,  and  young  birds. 
The  moft  efteemed  among  thefc  biidsare 
the  li'lan  goofe  and  the  kittie  waike ;  this 
ifland  and  Ailfi  being  theonlv  pl.ices  where 
thefe  geefe  breed,  and  from  thefe  tv/o  iflands 
the  country  is  iupplied  with  them.  The 
ifland  of  Bafs  was  an  ancient  poflefFion  of 
the  familv  "f  Lauder,  who  foi  a  long  time 
refufed  to  f  11  it,  though  folicited  by  feve- 
ral  kings.  King  Janjcs  VL  void  the  then 
laird  he  would  give  him  wh.itever  he  pleafed 
to  afl<  for  it;  to  which  he  anfwered,  "  Your 
niajefly  muft  e'en  refiiTn  it  to  me,  for  I'll 
have  :i)e  old  craig  back  again."  However, 
the  family  at  length  coming  to  decay,  it  was 
in  1 67 1  purchal  d  by  K  ng  Charles  IL;  du- 
ring v.'hofe  leign,  and  "tivn.  of  his  brotlicr 
James  IE,  it  was  made  a  flate  prifon,  where 
the  wclfern  pecplc,  m  th.  fe  days  called  Car 
nieronians,  were  confined  for  taking  up  arms 
.againll  tlic  king.  Af;er  the  revolution,  a 
defpciate  crew  of  people  got  poflclFion  of 
it;  and,  havmg  a  large  boat  which  they 
hoifiel  up  f)n  the  rock  or  let  down  at  plea- 
fure,  eHMViniittcd  fcveral  piracies,  took  a  great 
many  veflels,  and  heli<  liUt  the  lall  of  any 
place  in  Gre It-Britain  for  King  James;  but 
t!|rii  b"  .1  bemg  at  length  feized  or  loll,  and 
iioi  r. ceiving  any  iiippiv  of  proviflons  from 
France,  they  wcic  obliged  lo  lurrender.  A 
cavern  runs  through  this  rock  from  noi  th-; 


B  A  S 

veft  to  fouth-eafi: ;  it  is  quite  dark  in  the 
center,  where  there  is  a  deep  pool  of  water, 
from  whence  it  widens  towards  both  aper- 
tures ;  that  on  the  fouth-eaif  fide  is  the 
higbefl:.     Long.  z.  45.  W.  Lat.  56.  4.  N. 

Bijfs  Iflandy  an  ifland  in  lake  Erie.  4  m, 
N.  Sa.iduflv-y. 

Bafs  Rher,  a  river  of  Eaft  Greenland, 
which  runs  into  the  fea,  Long^  50.  10.  W. 
Lat.  64.  30.  N. 

Bajja,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  graia  ■ 
coaft.     Lo7tg   7.  5.  W.  Lat.i,.  40.  N. 

BaJJa,  a  town  of  Thibet,  on  the  Ganges. 
46  miic3  NW.  Sirinagur. 

BaJTa,  or  Byraghy,  a  town  of  Thibet.  60 
miles  NW.  Sirinagur. 

BajTa  Rajpoot,  a  town  of  Thibet,  75  m. 
NW,  Sirinagur. 

Bajfac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Charente,  On  the  13th  of 
March  1569,  a  battle  was  fought  here  be- 
tween the  Cathelics  and  Huguenots,  ^yhen  ' 
the  latter  were  defeated,  and  the  Prince  of 
Conde  killed. 

Bajfact  a  mountainous  ridge  in  Perfia,  be^ 
tween  Lar  and  Congo. 

Bajfalagunge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Allahabad.     20  miles  N.  Jionpour. 

Bajfam,  {Grand,)  2i.  town   of  Guinea,  on 
the  ivory  coaft.  Long.ci,.\<;.V^ .  Z-^^.j.i^.N- 
BaJJhiiibc,  ^  town  of  Thibet.    30  miles  S. 
GanjT-'tri. 

Bajfano,  a  tov/n  of  Italy,  in  theTrevifan, 
on  the  Brenta.  This  town  is  near  5  miles  in 
circumference,  and  contains  ^-so  churches,  % 
monafferies,  an  afylum  for  girls,  2  or  3  hol- 
pitals,  and  about  11,300  fuuls.  One  of  tl^p 
gates  was  built  by  Palladio.  Here  are  fome 
manufactures  of  iilk  and  woollen,  and  a  very 
large  printing-ofhce.  Two  markets  are  held 
weekly.  A  battle  was  fought  near  this  town, 
between  the  Auitnans  and  the  French,  in 
the  beginning  of  September,  1796.  The 
republicans  took  500  prifoners.  12  miles  N. 
Vicenza.  20  W.  Trcvigio.  Long.  11.  43. 
E.  Lat.  45.  46.  N, 

Bajfann,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
Patrimonio,  near  which  Dolabella  defeated 
the  Etruri  and  the  Boji.  ;,  m  W.  Orta. 

Bajfas,  (Great,)  locks  on  the  S.  coaff  of 
Ceylon.     Long.  81.  38.  E.  Lat.  6.  10.  N. 

Bajfas,  (Little,)  rocks  on  the  SE.  ccafl      ., 
of  Ceylon.    Long.  81.59.  E.  Lat.  6.27.  N,      I 
Bajfas  dc  India,  a  (hoal  in  the  itraits  of      T 
Mozambique.  Long.  41. 5. E.  Lat.ti.  50.  S. 
Bajfatln,  or  Bafctin,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Nile,  celebrated  for  its 
gard';ns,    4  miles S.  Cairo. 

Bajjatra,  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  miles 
NNW.  Purneah. 

Bajf--,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  intq 
the  Mediterranean,  Long.  3.  8.  E.  Lat, 
42.45-.  N. 

Bajj'c  des  Fregatcs  Francaisc-,  a  danger- 


B  A  S 

ous  rock  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean.  It  ap- 
pears like  a  IpHi;  rock,  at  moll  about  50 
toifes,  and  from  20  to  25  fathoms  in  height; 
lituated  on  the  nortli-weft  extremity  ot  a 
reef  of  rocks,  the  fouth-eafb  point  of  whicli 
extends  about  12  miles.  "  We  faw,  (fays 
Mr.  Pcroufe,)  between  the  iilet  and  the 
fouth-eaft  breakers,  three  fand-banks,  which 
were  not  raifed  more  than  four  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  lea  :  they  were  between  each 
of  them  fcparated  by  a  kind  of  greenilli 
water,  whicli  did  not  fecm  to  be  a  fathom 
deep.  Rocks,  level  witli  the  water,  upon 
which  the  lea  broke  with  violence,  furround- 
ed  this  dangerous  flioal,  as  a  circle  ot  dia- 
monds furrounds  a  medallion,  and  thus 
guarded  it  from  the  fury  of  the  fea.  We 
coarted  along  it  atlefs  than  the  diftance  of  a 
league  on  the  eaft,  Ibuth,  and  weft  fuie ;  we 
were  in  no  uncertainty  as  to  any  part,  but 
the  north,  of  which  we  could  only  obtain  a 
bird's-eye  view  from  the  maft-head,  it  may 
thus  be  pollible  that  it  is  confiderably  more 
extenfive  than  we  have  been  able  to  form  a 
judgment  of;  but  the  length  of  it  from 
fouth-eaft  to  north-eaft,  or  from  the  extre- 
mity of  the  breakers,  which  had  nearly 
proved  fo  fatal  to  us,  as  fir  as  the  illet,  is 
j2  miles."  Long.  i65.50.W.  Lat.  23.45.  N, 

Ba£l'  de  CrcJcl,  a  Ihoal  in  the  Englilh 
channel,  near  the  coaft  of  France.  L.ong.  2. 
46.  W.  Lat.  47.  .^o.  N. 

Baffe  cU  St.  GdJas,  a  flioal  in  the  Englifh 
channel,  near  the  coaft  of  France.  Lojig.  2. 
46  \M.  Lat.  47.  29.  N. 

Baffe  Point,  a  town  on  the  north  coaft  of 
tlie  iiland  of  Martinieo.  18  miles  W.  Cul 
de  Sac  de  laTrinite. 

BajJ'ce,  (La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  North,  formerly  a  place  of 
confiderable  rtrenr;th,  but  was  difmantled 
by  Louis  XIV.  In  1646,  the  French  took 
it  from  the  Spaniards.  It  is  fituated  on  the 
Deule,  6  miles  E.  Bethnue,  10  SW.  Lille. 

BalJl'lan,  one  of  the  Philippine  iflands,  36 
miles  long  from  eaft  to  weft,  and  from  3  to 
j2  broad.  Long.  121.  5.4.  to  122.  30.  E. 
Lat.  6.  22.  to  6.  36.  N. 
■  BajTten,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  on  the 
weftern  coaft  of  the  peninfula  of  India,  in 
the  country  of  Baglana.  This  place  was 
taken  and  ftrongly  fortified  by  Nugncs 
d'Acuna,  viceroy  of  India,  in  1.555.  It  was 
taken  from  the  Portuguefe  by  the  Mahrattas; 
and,  in  1780,  from  the  latter  by  the  Britiih, 
under  General  Goddard,  but  reftored  in 
'1782.  In  1670,  Bailcen  was  a  conhderabie 
City,  having  iix  churches,  four  convents, and 
two  colleges.  It  is  ficuated  on  an  hland 
which  is  divided  from  the  continent  only  by 
a  fmall  rivulet.  20  miles  N.  Bombay,  152  S. 
Surat.    Long.  72.  40.  E.  Lat.  19.  20.  N. 

Bajfcjito,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  Grati,  near  Cofenz4. 


B  A  S 

BaJfcrJIorf,  a  town  of  SwifTcrland,  in  the 
canton  of  Zuricn.     4  miles  NE.  Zurich. 

BajK't,  a  town  of  Virginia,  on  York  river. 
25  miles  NW.  York. 

Bajfcterre,  a  general  name  given  by  the 
French  to  the  low  lands  of  the  Wcft-lnd  a 
illands. 

Baffeterre  Toavn,  a  feaport  town  on  the 
fjuth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of'St.Chriftopher,  in 
the  Weft-Indies,  and  capital  of  the  ifland, 
lituated  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  opening  into 
a  bay,  called  Bafleterre  Road.  The  town 
contains  about  8co  houfes,  and  is  defendeii 
three  batteries.  Zo«^.  62-  37.  W.  Lat.x-], 
24.  N. 

Baifderre  Toivn,  a  feaport  town  on  the 
fouth-weft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Guidaloupe, 
defended  bv  a  citadel.  Long.  61.  58.  W. 
Lat.  16.  5.  N. 

Bajjukre,  lee  B  acid  a. 

Bciffing,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-,, 
raentofthe  Meurte,  and  diftriift  of  Dieuze«-\ 
4  miles  NE.  Dieuze. 

Bafjlng,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Leman.     16  miles  N.  Geneva. 

Baifu,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coaft  of  Guinea.  Long.  15.  20.  W. 
Lat.  II.  40.  N. 

Baffoolpo-ur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.  9  miles  N.  Manickpour. 

Baffora,  or  Bafrah,  a  city  of  Afia,  in  the 
Arabian  Irak,  lituated  on  a  navigable  canal, 
weft  of  the  Euphrates;  built  in  the  year  65^-, 
by  order  of  Omar,  the  fecond  caliph,  to 
hinder  the  commerce  of  the  Perfians  ;  this 
canal  is  navigable  for  veftels  of  fifty  tons  to 
the  Euphrates,  and  thence  to  the  gulf  of 
Perlia,  from  which  it  lies  about  4  s  miles 
NW.  It  is  a  place  of  very  conliderable 
trade,  veflels  from  Europe  and  Afia  are^ 
always  found  in  the  port.  The  troubles  of 
Perlia  were  of  conliderable  advantage  to  the 
trade  of  Baflbra.  Merchants  of  Arabin, 
Turkey,  Armenia,  Greece,  Jews,  and  Indiai  s 
reiide  there;  the  Engliih  and  Dutch  have 
their  conluls,  and  their  fliips  come  from  India 
loaded  with  merchandize:  thole  from  Ben- 
gal, which  arrive  from  the  month  of  March 
to  June,  bring  white  Hnens,  fiik,  muflins, 
baftard  faffron,  fandal  and  other  woods, 
benzoin,  varnilh,  rice,  lead,  European  tin, 
and  iron.  From  the  coall  of  Coromandel 
they  bring  thicker  cloths,  white  or  blue, 
with  which  the  Arabians  clothe  themfelves. 
From  the  coaft  of  Malabar  they  bring  car- 
damom feeds,  pepper,  Sec.  From  Surat  all 
kinds  of  gold  and  lilverftufTs,  turbin  ,  blue 
cloths,  indigo,  and  Iteel,  of  which  the  Per- 
fians are  the  chief  purchalers,  to  make  their 
fabre^.  The  principal  merchandizes  of  the 
Dutch  are  fpices  and  coffee  from  Java.  The 
vefTelswhich  arrive  from  Surat  belong  chiefly 
to  Muflulman  merchants,  but  the  Europeans 
arc   the  moll   numerous.     Some  Arabi.ius 


B  A  S 

mountain,  about  400  fathom  in  length,  and 
100  in  width,  in  the  centre  of  which  the  fea 
forms  a  fmall  bay,  defended  by  a  mole.  It 
is  divided  into  two  parts,  called  Terra  Nu- 
ova,  and  Terra  Vecchia,  in  the  former  of 
which  is  a  citadel,  furrounded  v/ith  fortifica- 
tions. The  harbour  is  good,  but  fmall,  and 
fit  only  for  fmall  veffels;  the  commerce  is  in- 
confiderable.  In  the  year  1745,  it  received 
confiderable  damage  from  a  bombardment 
dominion,  piiying  a  tribute  to  the  Grand  by  the  Englifli.  In  the  year  1748,  it  was 
Signior.  His  chief  revenue  arifes  from  the  befieged  by  the  Auflrians,  but  without  fac- 
exchange  of  money,  from  the  horfes  and  cefs.  In  the  year  1794,  Lord  Hood,  after 
camels  ibid  there,  and  more  efpccially  from  the  furrender  of  Morbello  and  St.  Fiorenza, 
the  dates,  which  are  very  abundant,  and  the  proceeded  to  Baftia,  where  he  arrived  the 
plantations  of  palms  extenlive.  The  Arabs  loth  of  May.  The  number  of  perfons  ca- 
have  adually  more  power  than  the  Turks,  pable  of  bearing  arms  in  Ballia  originally 
and  the  language  of  the  former  is  chieily  amounted  to  no  more  than  three  thou- 
fpoken.  The  prince  pays  but  little  relped  fand  men.  The  fortifications  were  not 
to  the  Ottoman  court.  As  to  religion,  be-  in  the  befl  ftate,  and  the  gurrifon  but 
fides  Mahometans,  there  are  Syrian  Jacobites  indifferently  provided ;  yet  they  made  a 
and  Neftorians,  and  monks  from  Europe;    moll  gallant  defence  againft  the  united  ef- 


B  A  S 

bring  Haves,  others  bring  pearls.  The  neigh- 
bouring countries  furnifh  alfo  merchandize 
for  exchange;  the  moft  confiderable  of 
which  are  the  ancient  copper  of  Pcrfia, 
grain,  (when  the  exportation  is  allowed,) 
dates,  wine,  and  dry  fruits  of  Perfia,  &c. 
BafToia  has  been  under  the  Turks  ever  fince 
the  year  1668,  and  like  all  other  great  towns 
in  Turkey,  governed  by  a  cadi,  appointed 
by  the  Porte;  but  an  Arab  prince  claims  the 


there  are  belidcs  fome  modern  Sabeans, 
whom  they  call  difciples  of  John.  The 
number  of  inhabitants  is  computed  to  be 
50,000;  the  town  is  of  very  great  extent, 
and  lurrounded  by  a  wall  of  clay,  laid  to  be 
12  miles  in  circumference.  210  miles  SW. 
Ifpahan,and  600  SE.  Aleppo.  Lotig.  44.  3°' 
E.  Lat.  30.31  N 


forts  of  the  Britifh  fleet  ana  army,  joined  by 
a  confiderable  corps  of  Corficans,  which 
Paoli  had  colledted  and  difpatched  thither; 
and  refifled  till  the  19th  of  May,  when  Lord 
Hood,  "  in  confideration  of  the  very  gallant 
defence  made  by  the  gariifbn  of  Baftia,' and 
fiom  principles  of  humanity,"  offered  ho- 
nourable terms  to  the  commandant,  Gentili; 


Bcjjfoues,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-  which,  in  the  fituation  of  the  garrifon,  it 

ment  of  the  Gers.      15  miles  WSW.  Auch.  would  have  been  defperation  to  rejed.     In 

Bajfue,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-  confequenceofthis  neg(<ciation,on  the24th, 

ment  of  the  Marne.     6  miles  NNE.  Vitry  they  marched  out  with  the  honours  of  war, 

laFran^cife.  and  Baftia  was  taken  poiTefiion  of  by  the 

^^j/rtw,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  county  Englifh.    The  lofs   of  the  French  has  not 

of  Hoya,  with  a  noble  abby.    16  miles  W.  been  afcertained  on  this  occafion;   that  of 


Hoya. 

Dafla,  fee  Btfihefi. 

Bajfur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
60  milts  N.  Patna.  Long.  85.  45.  E.  Lat. 
46.  31.  N. 

Btijly,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Gambia, 
ao  nulcs  E.  Fatatenda. 

Bir'a'a,  pn  iflnnd  of  the  Eaft-Indian  Sea, 
near  the  north-eail  coaft  of  Sumatra.  Long, 
iqi-  ■:  ;.  E.    L.it.  o.  30.  S. 
,'    B^ifi-iw^  fee  Bijlai/i. 

Bajlan,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
iNatoh.i,  fuppofcd  to  be  the  ancient  Bi- 
th.  m,  afterwards  called  Claudiopolis; 
ar  I  iiuin  Anlinous,  the  favourite  of  Adrian, 
vho  was  born  here,  Antinopolis.  30  miles 
SW.  Amafrch,  and  45  NE.  Boli. 

BaJJavoe,    a    bay   of   the    eaft  fide  of 
Y''  ,   (;ne  of  the   Shetland  iflands.     Long. 
J.  16.  V\'.     Lat.  60.  99.  N. 
-'   Bjjh'll'ira,  a  town  nf  ;he  illand  of  Corfica. 
J5  ini'    ■  ENE-'Ajaccio. 

B.{ii'rhn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
priiic  paliiv  gf  WurzL'iig.  4  miles  SW. 
J>Irlii.-hitadt:  ■  •   ■ 


the  Englilh  was  not  confiderable.  The  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  is  fuppofed  to  be  about 
6000.     Z,(9/;^'.  9.  36.  E.  Lat  42.  35.  N. 

BaJIia,  a  feaport  town  of  Iftria,  in  the 
Adriatic.     8  miles  SSE.  Umago. 

Bajiia,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  the  Panaro.     7  miles  N.  Modena. 

Bajlia,  a  town  of  Albania,  on  the  coaft  of 
the  Adriatic,  oppofite  the  ifland  of  Corfu. 
52  miles  SW.  Deliino.  Long.  20.  15.  E. 
Lat.  39.  45.  N. 

Bajiia,  a  town  of  Genoa.  3  miles  NNW, 
Albenga. 

Bajlida,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile. 
6  miles  Najara. 

Bajli.ie,  (La, J  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  8 
mil  s  WSW.  Tonniens,  and  a  N.  Caftel 
Jaloux. 

Bafttde  i/'  Artnagnac,  (La,)  a  town  of 
Franc,  in  the  department  of  the  Gers.  13 
miles  W.  Nogaro,  4  NW.  Cazaubon. 

BajtiJi'  r.e  Beam,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  Lower  Pyrenees.     12  miles  W.  Orthez. 

Bajlide  etc  Clerencc,    (La,)    a    town   of 


•j}:a,  a  feaport  and  city  of  Corfica,  and    France  in  the  department  of  the  Lower  Py'* 
capital  of  the  illuiid,  comnunded  by  a  lofty    reuccs.    10  nules  SE.  Bayonne,  ■ ' 


BAT 

BaJliJe  de  Joicrdans,  (La,)  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  ^:  p  .rtment  of  the  MouJis  of 
theRhone.     12  niics  SE.  Apt. 

Bafridc  de  Mont  fort,  (LiJ  a  town  of 
France,  ir.  the  department  of  the  Tarn.  5 
miles  NE.  Gaillac. 

Bajiide  Je  Seron  ( LaJ  a  town  ofFiance, 
in  the  dep^itmentofthe  Arriege.  13  miles 
NVV.  Taiafcon. 

BujfideNeuve,fLa.,)-\  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Higher  Alps.  5  miles 
£.  Gap. 

Bajtimmtoi,  fmall  iflard  in  .he  Spanifti 
Main,  near  the  illhmus  of  Da;ii..i,  at  the 
mouth  of  .he  bay  of  Nomhre  oc  Dios.  Long. 
79.  40.  W.     Lat.  9.  32.  N. 

Bajiion,  a  town  of  Atrica,  in  Algiers,  on 
a  fmall  creek  uf  the  Mediterranean,  where 
the  Frencli  African  Company  had  a  faflory, 
but  evacuated  ii  on  account  ot  tiie  v.nhealthi- 
nefs  of  ti  e  fpot.  It  was  io  called  from  a 
for.  :i;nv  in  rums.  31  n;iles  E.  Bona.  Lot:g. 
8.  38.E.     Z^/.  36'.  50.N. 

Bajt'ion  delle  Crccita,  a  town  of  Italy.  7 
miles  S^iE.  Legnano. 

BajwgJKt  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
par  nient  of  the  Foreils,  late  in  the  dutchy 
of  Luxem'-urg,  near  the  foreft  of  Aidennes; 
it  is  fo  populous,  io  well  built,  and  has  fo 
much  trade,  that  it  is  not  unfienuently  called 
Paris  in  Ardennes.  This  city  was  in  pol- 
relTion  of  the  French  from  1684  to  1698, 
when,  by  the  peace  of  Ryfwick,  it  was  re- 
ftored  with  its  jurildiftion  to  Spain,  from 
whom  it  defcended  to  the  houfe  of  Auftria. 
The  jurisdidlion,  which  is  part  of  the  anci- 
ent comte  of  Ardennes,  comprehends  145 
villages  and  hamlets.  22  miles  NW.  Lux- 
emburg, and  ■i,f,  S.  Liege.  Long.  5.  42.  E. 
Lat.  50.  6.  N. 

BaJ}ova,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Albania,  (jn  the  coaft  of  the  Adriatic.  18 
miles  S.  Durazzo.  Long.  19.  20.  E.  Lat. 
41.  23.  N. 

Bajh  a,  a  town  of  Italy,  ao  miles  NE. 
Bergamo. 

Bajiure,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, near  the  coaft  of  Florida.  Long.  88. 
j8.  W.  Lat.  30.  12.  N. 

Bafuntporian,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.     3  miles  SSW.  Bangalore. 

Bafiiah,  a   town   of  Bengal.     28  miles 
SSW  Calcutta.  Lorig.  28.  2.E.  Lat.%%.bM. 
Bafutah,  a.  town  of Hindoolfan,  in  Bahar. 
16  miles  N.  Durbungah. 

Ba/zeu,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
which  runs  into  the  Pruth,  near  Stepha- 
rowze,  in  Moldavia. 

Bata,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  eaft  branch 

of  the  Nile.     3  miles  SSW.  Mehallet  Kebir. 

Bat.:  Foot,  a  town  on  the  ibuth-saft  coall 

of  the  ifland  of  Timor.  ■  Long.  124.  jc.  E. 

f^at.  9.  54.  S. 

Batubandi  a  feaport  town  on  the  fouth 


BAT 

coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  60  miles  SSW, 
ilavanna.  Long.  82.  50.  W.  Lat.  22.  23.  i\'. 
Baf.ibory,  a  town  on  the  nortli-wefl  coail 
of  the  ifland  of  Timor.  Long.  125.  29.  E. 
La!.  29.  48.  S. 

Batac,  a  town  on  the  W.  coaft  of  the  ifland 

of  Celebes.  Long.  119.  10.  E.  Lat.  i.  6.  S. 

B.itacarang  Point,  a  cape  on  the  north- 

eaft  coaft  of  Sumatra.     Long.  104.  55.  E. 

Lat.  I.  59.  S. 

Batacola,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  Cey- 
lon, where  the  Dutch  iirft  landed,  and  took 
it  from  tiie  Portuguefe.  80  miles  E.  Candy. 
Lo?:g.  81.  59.  E.  Lat.  7.  38.  N. 
Batacole,  fee  Batcale. 
Batag,  one  of  tho  fmall  Philippine  iflands, 
near  the  north  coaft  of  Samar.  Long.  125. 
12.  E.     /.^/.  12.  48.N. 

Bataglia,  a  lake  of  Naples,  in  Capitanata, 
near  the  Adriatic.  20  miles  N.  Manfredonia^ 
Batalha,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eftrama- 
dura.  Here  is  a  rich  c  invent  of  Dominicans, 
founded,  in  1386,  by  Don  John  L  king  of 
Portugal,  who  lies  here  interred  in  a  mar- 
ble tomb,  with  his  queen  Philippa,  daughter 
of  the  Duke  ot  Lancafter,  uncle  to  Richard 
II.  king  of  England.   6  miles  SSW.  Leyria.     • 

Batahatw,  a  town  of  Cuba,  on  the  weft- 
ern  coaft,  cppofite  the  ifland  of  Pines. 

Batalin,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  In- 
dian Sea,  near  the  eaft  coaft  of  Celebes. 
Long.  123.  54.  E.  Lat.  I.  21.  S. 

Batan,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in  Na-       . 
tolia.     20  miles  S.  Kiutaja. 

Batang  Capay,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Sumatra.  Long.  100.  18.  E.  Lat.  1.  25. S. 
Batanroa,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern 
Indian  Sea,  on  the  weft  fide  of  Sewa  Bay,  » 
and  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Celebes. 
Long.  120.  50.  E.  Lat.  3.  43.  S. 

Batany,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Gilolo.  Z/<j«^.  128.  48.  E.  Lat. 
o.  10.  N. 

Batavia,  a  feaport  town  on  the  north 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Java,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Jacatra,  lituated  in  a  low  and  marfhy 
plain,  at  the  union  of  fome  fmall  rivers, 
which  defcend  from  mountains,  and  render 
the  internal  navigation  eafy:  in  moft  of  the 
ftreets  are  canals  filled  with  almoft  ftagnant 
water;  fome  of  which  canals  extend  into 
the  country.  The  city  occupies  a  great 
fpace,  becairfe  the  houfes  are  large,  conve- 
nient, and  airy;  the  ftreets  are  very  wide 
and  ftraight.  The  borders  of  the  canals  are 
(haded  with  large  trees,  which  ftop  the  ex- 
halations of  the  niarihy  land,  hinder  a  free 
circulation  of  air,  and  render  it  unwholc- 
fome;  this  unwholefomenefs  is  much  in- 
creafed  by  the  cuftom  of  depofiting  the 
black  and  putrid  mud  on  the  iides  of  the 
canal  to  dry.  Tlie  public  buildings  are  for 
the  moft  part  witliout  elegance;  the  church 
of  the  Crofs  is  large  and  handlbme;    The 


BAT 


BAT 


tcwn-houfe  is  well  fituated ;  the  hofpital  is 
convenient  and  large.  It  is  furrounded  with 
a  rampart  of  Hones  or  bricks,  at  the  foot 
of  which  runs  a  rapid  river.  At  the  end  of 
the  town  is  a  caftle,  with  lofty  and  thick 
w.ills,  well  furniflied  with  artillery,  which 
commands  the  place  of  landing,  and  con- 
tains large  apartments,  magazines,  work- 
fhops.  Sec.  At  fome  diftance  from  the  town 
are  forts  and  redoubts,  to  command  the 
canals  and  the  roads;  but  the  chief  defence 
is  from  its  m^liiv  lituation.  The  harbour 
is  the  moft  beautiful  in  India,  it  is  large,  and 
the  bottom. fecure.  Round  the  harbour  and 
in  the  bay  are  feveral  iflands,  among  which 
are  Edam,  whither  they  fend  criminals  to 
hard  labour,  about  five  miles  in  circum- 
ference 5  Purmerent,  in  which  is  an  hofpi- 
tal ;  Kuyper,  or  Cooper,  in  which  are  ma- 
gazines of  rice  and  other  merchandize; 
Onrutt,  an  ifland,  fix  miles  from  the  town, 
and  well  fortified;  here  is  a  timber-yard, 
where  three  or  four  hundred  carpenters  are 
kept  conil:antly  employed,  with  magazines 
of  ftores  to  furnifh  velTels  with  whatever 
thev  may  want.  Batavia  is  faid  to  contain 
within  the  walls  124a  Dutch  houfes,  and 
aco  Chinefe;  and  nearly  as  many  in  the  fub- 
tirbs;  the  population  is  fuppofed  to  be  60,000 
fouls,  of  whom  17,000  are  Europeans,  or 
the  dcfcendants  of  Europeans.  The  heat  is 
ric-derated  during  the  day  by  a  wind  which 
■blows  from  the  fea,  and  during  the  night 
the  air  is  cooled  by  winds  blowing  from  the 
land.  The  environs  are  fpread  with  coun- 
trv--houfes  and  large  gardens,  covered  with 
lolty  trees,  and  intcrieded  with  rivers  and 
canals;  but  in  the  midfl  of  cultivated  lands 
arefouv.dniarfhes,  bogs,andbr?cki(h  waters, 
which  produce  fevers  and  epidemic  difor- 
•ders;  every  countenance  announces  debility 
and  languor.  Some  houfes  indeed  are  built 
in  iituations  more  elevated,  and  where  the 
air  IS  more  pure,  but  thefe  are  very  rare. 
l-\'.r  the  i'pace  of  .^o  or  40  miles  the  land  is  a 
ptrftifl  flat;  beyond  this  are  two  hills,  where 
men  fcem  to  poflefs  ftrength  and  colour, 
where  the  difeafed  readily  find  health,  and 
tlie  rich  enjoy  a  charming  retreat.  This 
fnit,  lo  unfriendly  tor  man,  is  the  bell  for 
vegetation,  and  produces  great  quantities  of 
rice,  Indian  corn,  millet,  potatoes,  indigo, 
&c.;  \Ai\  plantations  of  the  liigur-cane  grow 
almolf  without  culture,  and  produce  a  greater 
quantity  of  that  vegetable  ialt  than  thole  of 
the  American  iflands.  But  the  moil:  abun- 
dant article  of  luxury  is  the  fruit,  of  which 
there  are  no  lefs  than  thirtv-lix  diiferent 
kinds.  Of  fiih  there  is  an  am, izing  plenty; 
the  pcniltry  likcuiie  is  good  and  abundant: 
wild-fowl  is  in  general  f'carce.  Arrack  is  a 
liquor  lor  which  Batavia  has  been  long  fa- 
mous. In  the  year  1619,  Batavia  was  i)nly 
a  viliagc,  palliladoed  round  with  bamboo 


canes;  in  a  flat  country,  marfhy,  andfabjcft 
to  the  inundations  of  a  river  running  through 
it.  At  this  time  the  Dutch  made  a  fettle- 
ment  here,  who  demolifhed  the  old,  and 
built  the  new  tov/n,  which  they  called  Bat  a- 
via ;  they  cut  canals  and  drains  to  carry  off 
the  water,  upon  any  land-floods.  The  bay 
has  feventcen  or  eighteen  iflands,  which  de- 
fend the  harbour,  capable  of  containing  icoo 
velTels  from  the  violence  of  the  winds  and 
waves;  two  large  piers  run  out  half  a  mile 
into  tlie  fea ;  between  which  one  hundred 
flaves  are  conflantly  employed  in  taking  out 
the  mud  or  foil,  waflied  out  of  the  town, 
without  which  the  mouth  of  the  river  would 
foon  be  choaked  up  :  a  boom  crofTes  it  be- 
low the  town,  which  is  fhut  up  every  night, 
and  well  guarded  by  a  derachment  from  the 
main-guard.  Here  all  vefl'els  pay  toll.  Afe;i 
gale  rifes  every  morning  at  ten,  to  bring  vef- 
fels  into  the  bar;  and  a  land  one  at  ten  at 
night,  to  carry  them  out;  one  from  the  north, 
the  other  from  the  fouth.  Ir  is  the  refidence 
of  the  governor-general  of  the  Indies,  ap- 
pointed by  the  Hates  of  Holland  every  three 
years.  The  town  of  Batavia,  although  the 
capita!  of  the  Dutch  dominions  in  India,  is 
fo  far  from  being  peopled  with  Dutchmen, 
that  not  one  fifdi  part  of  the  European 
inhabitants  of  the  town  and  its  environs  are 
natives  of  Holland,  or  of  Dutch  extraction; 
the  greater  part  are  Portuguefe;  and  befides 
Europeans,  there  are  Indians  of  various  na- 
tions, and  Chinefe,  belides  negro  fiaves.  Ir» 
the  troops  there  are  natives  of  almoft  every 
country  in  Europe,  but  chieiiy  Germans; 
but  the  Dutch  keep  ail  power  in  their  own 
hands,  and  pofTefs  all  public  employments. 
No  man,of  whatever  nation, can  come  hither 
to  fettle  in  any  other  charader  but  that  of  a 
foldier  in  the  Company's  fervice,  in  v.  hich, 
before  they  are  accepted,  they  muff  covenant 
.to  fei  ve  for  five  years.  As  foon  hov/ever  as 
this  form  has  been  complied  with,  thev  arc 
allowed,  upon  application  to  the  council,  to 
abfent  themfelves  from  their  cx)rps,  and  en- 
ter immediately  into  any  branch  of  trade 
which  their  money  or  credit  will  enable  them 
to  carry  on  ;  and  by  this  means  it  is  that 
all  the  white  inhabitants  of  the  place  are 
foldicrs.  Women,  however,  of  all  n;itions, 
are  permitted  to  fettle  here,  witliout  coming 
under  any  rellricfions.  The  money  cur- 
rent ^t  Batavia  confiffs  of  ducats,  worth  i.;z 
ffivers;  ducatoons,  80  flivers;  imperial  rix- 
dollars,  60;  rupees  of  Batavia,  ;,o  ;  fchellings, 
6;  double  cheys,  a^flivers;  and  doits,  one- 
fourth  of  a  ftiver  ;  Spanilli  dollars,  about 
five  ihiilings  and  live  pence.  Engliih  gui- 
neas are  worth  about  nineteen  Ihiilings  upon 
an  average.  There  are  two  kinds  of  coin 
here,  of  the  faine  denomination,  milled 
and  unmillcd;  and  that  milled  is  of  molt 
value.      A  milled   ducatuon   is  woitli  80 


BAT 

ftivers;  but  an  urmilled  ducatoon  is  worth 
no  more  than  72.  All  accounts  are  kept  in 
rix-iollars  and  ftivers,  \vh:cli,  here  at  le;ift, 
are  mere  nominal  coins,  Lkc  tiie  pouii  1  Rlt- 
iing.  The  rixdollar  is  equal  to  48  ftivers, 
about  four  fliillings  and  lixpence  Eng^'fli 
currency.  Long.  106.  50.  E.  La'.  6.  10.  N. 

Bati7vian  Republic,  tiic  name  adopted  by 
the  Seven  United  States,  foon  after  the 
French  Revolution  ;  and  acknowlcdi'cd  by 
the  powers  of  Europe;  amon>;  which  Great- 
Britain  appeared,  and  at  the  peace  of  Ami- 
ens, in  i8oi,  gave  its  Kill  alTent.  In  1801, 
a  new  form  o^  coaftituti jn  was  agreed  to, 
when  Brabant  was  declared  an  eighth  de- 
partment. The  wnoie  republic  was  decla- 
red one  and  indivifi'jle  ;  all  members  of  fo- 
ciety  were  declared  equal  in  the  eye  of  the 
law,  without  refpeft  to  rank  or  birth  ;  all 
religious  focieties,  acknowledging  a  Supreme 
Being,  equally  protetf^ed  by  law.  Feudality 
was  abolilhed;  all  fiefs  declared  allodial,  and 
pofTc'lTors  of  lordfhip;.  to  be  indemnified. 
The  fame  kinds  oi  money,  weights,  and 
meafures,  to  be  made  ufe  of  through  the 
whole  of  the  republic.  The  governn.ent  to 
be  entruft^edto  .1  regency  of  ftate,  compofed 
of  twelve  members,,  chofen  from  among  the 
aftive  citizens ;  one  of  them  to  be  cncjfen 
prefident  for  three  months  only  ;  and  every 
year  one  of  the  members  to  vacate  his  feat, 
and  another  be  chofen  in  his  room.  Thei'e 
regents  to  be  afliftcd  by  a  fecretary-ge- 
neral,  a  fecretary  of  Itite  for  foreign  affiiirs; 
three  other  fecretaries  ;  or,  if  it  be  judged 
more  proper,  three  councils,  each  compofed 
of  three  members;  and,  luft  of  all,  a  council 
oi  finances,  intruded  to  three  perfons  and  a 
treafurer-generai.  In  1S06,  the  form  of  go- 
vernment was  changed  into  a  kingdom,  un- 
der the  name  of  Holland. 

Batwwatig  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Sumatra.  Long.  100.  la.  E.  Lat.  1. 17.  S. 

Batcab,  or  Batacole,  a  feaport  of  Hm- 
dooffan,  on  the  coall  of  Malabar,  where  the 
Eaft-India  Company  had  a  fettlement.  In 
1670,  all  employed  were  murdered  by  the 
ratives.  It  has  now  again  been  ceded  to  the 
Company.     20  miles  N.  Barcelure. 

Bafcamara,  a  town  of  Bengal,  ao  miles 
E.  Mahmudpour. 

Batchfjouc,  a.to\vn  of  Armenia.  90  miles 
N.  Erivan. 

Batchelor'' s  River,  fee  Bachelor's  River. 

Batcheferai,  fee  Bacca  Serai. 

Batchurifchhi,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the 
government  of  Archangel,on  the  White  Sea. 
%  miles  N.  Archangel. 

Bate,  or  Baet,  a  feaport  of  Hindoollan,  in 
Guzerat,  fituated  on  a  point  of  land  on  the 
S.  fide  of  the  gulf  of  Cutch,  chiefly  inhabited 
by  pirates.  Long.  6%.  24.  E.  Lai. 22.  S-6.N. 

Bateah,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
yince  of  Yucatan.    190  miles  SSW.  Merida. 


BAT 

Batalarya,  a  town  of  Bengal.  30  miles 
N.  Kifhenagur. 

Batevmrt's  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  eaftc  oall 
of  New  Holland,  a  little  to  the  fouth  of  Cape 

Upright. 

Batena,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Lahore. 
28  mils  NE.Callanore. 

Hargao,  a  town  of  Alia,  in  the  country  of 
M  >raumpour,  10  miles  S.  Catmandu,  and 
14-  N.  P.itna.  Lo/!g.  28.  15.  'E.Lat.  28.  N. 
Bath,  a  city  of  England,  in  the  county  of 
Somcrfct,  fituated  in  a  deep  narrow  valley, 
bounded  on  the  north,  ibuth,  and  fouth-weft 
by  lofty  hills,  foiming  a  very  picafant  natu- 
ral amphitheatre,  and  affording  the  city  a 
double  advantage,  :i  barrier  againlf  the  wind?, 
and  fountains  of  the  purcft  waters.  Thefe 
hills  ab  :und  with  white  free-ftone,  of  which 
the  houfes  are  built.  On  the  north-weft  fide 
thevalley  widens,dividcdinto  rich  meadows, 
watered  by  the  river  Avon.  Various  have 
been  the  appellations  of  this  celebrated  town. 
The  Britons  called  it  Caer  Palladwr,  Caer 
Bad'jn,  Caer  Bladin,  &c.  The  Romans  gave 
it  the  name  of  Aqtix  Solit,  Pontes  Calidiy 
TherJUcP,  Badcnia,  Bathnnia,  Sec.  Thefe 
waters  are  faid,  from  the  lateft  experiments, 
to  contain  a  I'mall  portion  of  common  fiilt,  a 
larger  propoition  of  felenit--s,  a  portion  of 
fixablc  a»r,  and  fome  fulpiiureous  gas,  or  in- 
flammable air,  together  with  a  flight  chaly- 
beate impregnation.  The fe  are  all  tlut  che- 
miftry  has  as  yet  difcovered  ;  but  from  the 
inadequacy  of  thefe  impregnations  to  the  ef- 
fedls  produced,  it  is  probable  that  fome  latent 
caufe  is  concerned, of  too  fubt:  lea  nature  to  be 
fubjeded  to  fuch  analyfis,  or  perhaps  to  be 
the  o'ojecT:  of  our  fenfes,  or  even  of  our  cora- 
prehenfion.  Therearchreeprincipal  fprings, 
or  baths,  the  King's-Bath,  the  Hot-Bath,  and 
tlie  Crols-Bath.  The  Qiieen's-Bath  is  merely 
an  expanfion  of  the  waters  of  the  King's- 
Bath.  The  heat  of  tlie  King's-Bath  is  116 
degrees  on  Fahrenheit's  thermometer,  of  the 
Hot-Bath  117,  and  of  the  Crofs  Bah  m. 
The  di  orders  particularly  benefited  by  the 
Bath  waters  are  obftru  tians  of  the  vifcera, 
palfies,  g'"»ot,  rheumatifm,  hylfenc  c.->\k,  the 
colic  of  Poitiers,  jnundice,  whiie  fwellings, 
leproly,  hyl-eiic  and  hypocondriacal  com- 
plaints, and  fpafmodic  difeaf^'s,  as  the  St. 
Vitus's  dance,  &c.  The  circumftances  which 
forbid  the  ufe  oi'  the  Bath  waters,  are  all 
cafes  with  fever,  till  the  fever  be  removed; 
pain  in  the  beaft,  with  cmgh,  difficulty  of 
breathing;  all  cales  in  which  internal  fuppu- 
ration  or  fchinus  has  taken  place ;  all  cafes 
ofhismorrhigesand  plethora.  Thedifcovery 
of  thefe  waters  is,  by  ancient  hiftorians,  at- 
tributed to  Bladud,  fon  of  Lud  Hudibras, 
who  v/as  king  of  this  county  890  years  be- 
fore the  birth  of  Christ;  but  the  antiquity 
of  the  city  and  the  b  iths  themlUves  we  are 
not  to  refer  to  any  higher  period  than  the 


BAT 

arrfvnl  of  the  Romans,  a  people  peculiarly 
happy  in  converting  the  gifts  of  nature  to  tlie 
propcrefl;  ufes,  and  in  fupplying  her  defi- 
ciencies by  admirable  works  of  art.  It  was 
in  the  year  of  our  Lord  44,  and  in  the  reign 
cf  the  Emperor  Claudius,  that  the  Roman 
forces,  under  the  condu(!;i  of  Flavius  Vefpa- 
lian,  after  having  reduced  all  the  Bclgic  co- 
lonies and  the  v/eftern  parts  of  Britain  under 
tlie  fuhjcdion  of  the  Roman  empire,  fat 
down  in  this  territory,  to  which  tliey  had 
probably  been  direded  by  the  native  Belgie. 
The  report  of  fuch  genial  waters  as  flowed 
vith  fpontar>€ous  heat  from  the  bofom  of  the 
earth,  in  a  rude  and  barbarous  country,  was 
a  fufticient  inducement  to  a  people  who  had 
fo  lately  left  the  luxuries  of  Italy,  where 
eveiy  art  was  employed  in  erecting  the  moll 
fuperb  baths  and  fudatories,  and  in  fabrica- 
ting, with  immenfe  labour  and  expence,  that 
very  article  of  indulgence,  which  nature  in 
this  fpot  furniflied  without  tlie  fmalleft  trouble 
to  dieir  hands.  Such  an  extraordinary  and 
nnexpetfted  bounty  they  could  not  fail  afcri- 
bing  to  that  orb,  which  imparts  heat  and 
Tigour  to  the  univerfe,  and  they  at  once  be- 
llowed upon  the  waters  the  appellation  of 
Aquas  Solis,  or  the  "Waters  of  the  Sun.  Here 
they  Rationed  the  liill  detachment  of  the 
ffcond  legion,  building  proper  habitations 
tor  the  officers,  and  the  military  in  general; 
and  at  length,  by  the  arrival  of  other  legions, 
tlie  place  grew  into  a  city,  endov/ed  with 
Roman  liberties,  and  governed  by  Roman 
laws.  Walls,  gates,  and  temples  were  ereded, 
and  a  little  Rome  began  to  iidorn  a  dreary 
(inhofpitahle  wild.  In  the  reign  cf  Hadrian, 
about  A.D.  118,  that  fame  detachment  of 
the  fecond  legion,  llill  remaining  here,  was 
joir.ed  by  adivilion  of  the  (ixth;  and  in  thvit 
cifSeverus,  a  part  of  the  twentieth  legion, 
removed  from  Devana,  or  Chcller,  had  dicir 
ftation  in  Aquas  Solis,  which  was  then  become 
the  moil  capital  city  in  Ron;an  Britain;  and 
tlie  principal,  if  not  the  only  place  in  this 
part  ot  the  ifland  for  preparing  the  legionary 
arms  and  enligns.  The  old  Roman  city  was 
built  in  tlie  form  of  a  pentagc.»,  the  area 
■whereof  was  12,00c  feet  in  length,  and  the 
grc'itefl  breadth  about  1150.  It  was  fur- 
jounded  by  a  Urong  wall,  compofi^d  of  layers 
cf  flonc,  biick,  and  terras,  nine  ilct  inthick- 
refs,  and  twenty  feet  in  height :  this  wall  was 
flanked  bycirculartowers  at  each  angle,  and 
had  four  g;>teiv.iys,  anfwering  nearly  to  the 
four  cardinal  pcints  of  the  compafs  ;  from 
v.hich,  in  fubfequcnt  times,  the  principal 
Sieets  had  their  denominations.  During  the 
leign  of  the  Emperor  Tbeodofius,  ChryVan- 
tinis  being  then  governor  in  Britain,  the 
Konian  legions  began  to  leave  tliis  place,  now 
incrcafed  into  a  great  and  populous  city,  in- 
lulihed  by  fiiniiiies  unconnee'ted  witii  mi- 
!  Jitai7  coneemr,  and  praetiliug  the  aus  of 


BAT 

civilization  .md  peace.  At  length,  about  the 
year  444,  the  Roman  arm.y  totally  withdrew 
from  the  place,  and  left  it  to  the  pofieffion  of 
the  Britons,  who,  by  their  intercourfe  ancj 
intermarriages  with  the  Romans,  had  before 
conflituted  a  conliderable  part  of  its  inhabi- 
tants. The  Saxons,  who  had  been  invited 
into  Britain,  and  difperfed  themfelves  into 
various  parts  thereof,  by Imall  degrees  creffed 
themfelves  into  feveral  petty  ftates,  or  mo- 
narchies. Bath,  with  a  few  other  confiderable 
cities  in  the  weflern  parts  of  the  ifland,  Hill 
remained  in  the  poITefTion  of  the  Britons,  till 
the  year  577,  when  a  large  army  of  the 
Saxons,  under  the  command  of  Ceaulin  and 
Cuthwin,  advanced  towards  its  walls.  They 
were  met  by  three  Britifh  kings,  of  the  names 
of  Conmail,  Condidin,  and  Farinmail,  who, 
giving  them  battle,  fell,  and  Bath  foon  after 
was  obliged,  for  the  firfl  time,  to  yield  to 
the  Saxon  arms.  This  period  aiForded  a  new 
name  and  a  different  profped  to  this  memo- 
rable city,  becoming  part  of  the  dominions 
of  the  Weil-Saxons,  under  w^hich  it  flourifli- 
ed  for  near  200  years;  and  perhaps  it  is 
owing  to  this  people,  that  we  know  l"o  little 
or  fo  much  of  the  Roman  Hate  of  Bath.  On 
the  foundation  of  thofe  walls,  which  they 
themfelves  had  induilrioufly  deilroyed,frefIi 
bulwarks  were  erefled  with  the  old  mate- 
rials, and  with  others  brought  from  the 
ruins  of  temples,  mauibleums,and  triumphal 
arches;  and  therein  was  inferted  a  variety  of 
fculptures,  which  they  had  thrown  down 
from  dieir  ruined  buildings.  The  interior 
parts  of  the  city  were  decorated  in  a  new 
talle,  and  filled  with  adventitious  flrudtures. 
Ofric  king  of  the  Northumbrian  ilates,  with 
the  confentofKentwine,  that  once  relentlefa 
chacer  of  the  Britifh  powers,  erecflcd,  in  the 
year  676,  a  houfe  of  nuns,  to  the  honour  of 
God,  and  St.  Peter  the  apollle.  The  Danlili 
invafions  interrupted  the  tranquiUity  of  the 
city,  and  the  progrefs  of  its  improvements. 
At  lengdi  it  alTumed  new  fplcndour  under 
the  Auguflan  reign  of  Edgar,  who,  in  the 
year  973,  was  confecrated  and  crowned  with 
great  iblemnity  in  the  church  of  St.  Peter,  in 
tiie  prelence  of  Ofwald  archbifliop  of  York, 
and  the  feveral  other  prelates  of  England. 
1'his  monarch  endowed  the  city  with  divers 
valuable  privileges,  creeling  it  into  a  free 
borough,  granting  it  a  market,  and  the  liberty 
of  coinage,  and  exempting  it  from  toll,  tri- 
bute, and  taxes ;  the  memory  of  which  bene- 
f  nflions  the  inhabitants  preferved  for  many 
ages,  in  anniverfary  games  and  feflive  page- 
antries. At  the  time  of  the  invafion  of  this 
country  by  the  Normans,  tliere  were  within 
the  walls  of  Bath  J78  burgeiles,  64  of  whom 
v.'ere  tenants  to  the  king,  90  to  the  barons 
and, great  men,  and  24  to  the  cliurch  of  St. 
Peter.  Such  was  the  flate  of  Bath  in  ti\e 
time  of  Williaui  the  Contiucior;  but  in  the 


^  A  T 

fuccceding  reign  of  Rufus  It  underwent  a 
tevolution,  which  proved  the  i'libjec't  of  much 
controverfy,  and  unfeemly  confufion  to  the 
ecclefiaftical  polity  of  the  country.  From 
the  time  of  the  Conquell,  foreigners  had 
been  invited  and  encouraged  to  fettle  within 
the  precintfts  of  this  city.  Among  the  reft 
was  John  de  Villuki,  a  native  of  Tours,  in 
the  province  of  Orleanois,  in  France,  who 
for  feveral  years  pradifed  phyfic  in  this  re- 
fort  of  valetudinarians,  and  accumulated  by 
his  pra(5tice  a  prodigious  fortune;  by  virtue 
hereof,  and  by  his  intereft  with  the  monks 
eftabliflicd  in  the  ancient  foundation  of  king 
Offa,  he  at  length  procured  the  bifliopric  of 
Wells,  to  which  he,  by  money  advanced  to 
the  king,  annexed  the  abbeyof  Bath,  vacant 
by  the  death  of  Bifhop  Gifo,  anotlier  French 
emigrant.  At  the  inilance  of  Bifhop  Burnel, 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  this  city  iirll  fcnt 
reprefentatives  to  parliament.  The  govern- 
ment of  the  city  was  originally  vefted  in  a 
fherifF;  the  firll  that  appears  to  have  borne 
this  office  was  iElfred,  who  is  faid  to  have 
been  a  great  benefaiftor  to  the  city,  and  died 
A.  D.  907.  It  afterwards  had  a  provolt,  or 
bailiff.  Its  firft  charters  were  confirmed  by 
King  Edward  III.  Richard  II.  Henry  V.  and 
Henry  VI.  Queen  Elizabeth,  in  the  32d 
year  of  her  reign,  granted  the  city  a  new 
charter,  declaring  it  to  be  a  fole  city  of  itfelf, 
and  the  citizens  to  be  a  body  corporate  and 
politic,  by  the  name  of  mayor,  aldermen, 
and  citizens,  of  the  city  of  Bath.  The  com- 
merce of  Bath,  abftradled  from  the  expen- 
ditures of  falhionable  company  reforting  to 
the  city,  is  now  altogether  inconfiderable ; 
nor  is  there  any  manutafture  which  deferves 
particular  notice.  Formerly,  however,  it  was 
almofl  in  a  manner  maintained  by  cloathing. 
Leland,  who  viuted  this  place  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.  informs  us,  that  a  little  before 
his  time,  there  were  three  capital  clothiers, 
of  the  names  of  Style,  Kent,  and  Chapman, 
by  whom  the  town  of  Bath  then  flouriflied  ; 
and  it  is  aflerted,  that  at  the  time  of  the 
Reftoration  there  were  no  lefs  than  60  broad 
looms  employed  in  the  fingle  parilh  of  St. 
Michael.  The  river  Avon  was  made  navi- 
gable by  an  adt  of  parliament,  10  Anne ;  and 
the  firft  barge  laden  with  deals,  pig-lead, 
and  meal,  was  brought  up  to  the  city,  Dec. 
15,  1727.  A  number  of  barges  are  employ- 
ed upon  this  river,  to  and  from  Briftol, 
and  their  burden  on  an  average  is  fifty  tons 
each.  This  city,  like  that  of  Rome,  from  a 
very  fmall  and  mean  beginning,  is  now  be- 
•ome  fo  large  in  bulk,  and  withal  fo  elegant 
in  its  buildings,  and  lb  refpedable  in  its  in- 
habitants and  its  vifitors,  as  to  be  the  pride 
of  England,  and  the  admiration  of  foreigners. 
The  old  city  walls  are  now  built  over,  and 
its  priftine  ftate  almoft  wholly  obliterated 
by  modero  improvements.     Tiic  laoft  fu- 


B  A  M 

perb  edifices,  railed  by  the  moft  ndlful  ar- 
chitects, rife  in  every  quarter,  and  compofc 
one  of  the  moft  beautiful  cities  in  the  world. 
In  the  earlier  part  of  the  civil  wars,  Bath 
wasgarrifonedforthc  ferviceof  King  Charles 
I.,  and  the  fum  oFleven  thouiand  pounds  was 
expended  on  its  fortifications.  Notwith- 
ftanding  which,  upon  the  approach  of  a 
Imall  party  of  dragoons  to  the  city  walls, 
and  the  appearance  of  another  upon  the 
Becchen-cliff,  near  the  city  of  Bath,  thcgate^ 
were  thrown  open,  and  the  city  furrendered! 
to  the  enemy.  Hereupon  it  became  one  of 
the  principal  pofts  of  the  parliament  forces 
in  this  county  ;  and  iiere  Sir  William  Wal- 
ler lay  for  a  confiderable  time  with  his 
whole  array,  making  iallies  into  the  country, 
and  inviiing  together  all  the  difi^ffeited  from 
the  neighbouring  clothing  towns  and  vil- 
lages. But  after  the  battle  of  Roimdway- 
down,July  13,  1643,  in  which  Sir  William 
Waller  was  defeated,  and  the  withdrawing 
of  the  garrifon  hence  to  the  reinforcement  of 
Briftol,  the  king's  troops  retook  polililion  of 
the  city.  In  the  year  17 15,  a  delign  was 
fet  on  foot  for  a  General  Hofpital,  but  not 
carried  into  effeifl:  till  the  year  17,38,  whca 
frelh  contributions  were  made,  a  fpacious 
and  very  commodious  edifice  creded,  and 
an  a6f  of  parliament  procured  for  incorpo- 
rating the  direftors  of  the  charity  by  the 
name  of  The  Prefident  and  Governors  ot 
the  General  Hofpital  or  Infirmary  at  Bath 
In  1742,  the  houfe  was  opened  for  the  re- 
ception of  the  iick  poor  from  every  part  of 
Great-Britain  and  Ireland,  thofe  of  Bath  only 
excepted;  in  regard  they  alv/ays  have  a 
readier  and  lefs  expenfive  acccfs  to  the  be- 
nefits of  the  water.  There  are  three  parilh 
churches  in  Bath,  and  feveral  chapels  of  the 
effablillied  form :  befide  places  of  worfhip 
for  Roman  Catholics,  Prefbyterians,  Mora- 
vians, Unitarians,  and  Quakers.  In  1801, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  27,6.56,  but 
the  ftate  of  population  varies  much.  19 
miles  NE.  Wells,  12  E.  Briftol,  39  NW.  Sa, 
Hfbury,  41  nearly  SW.  GloucefteV,  67  SW. 
Oxford,  and  107  W.  London.  Lang.  2.  22. 
W.  Lat.  51.  23.N. 

Bath,  a  town  of  New-Yorkj  in  the  county 
of  Steuben.  50  miles  from  lake  Erie,  and 
200  N.  Philadelphia.  Long.  77,  23.  W. 
Lat.  42.  21.  N. 

Balk-Eajion,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Somerfet.     2  miles  E.  Bath. 

Bath,  a  town  of  Virginia,  on  the  PotQ- 
mack.  70  miles  NW.  Wafhington. 

Bath  Toivn,  fee  IVaJhington. 

Batha,  or  Bath,  or  Baccla,  fee  Bach. 

Bathgate,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Linlithgow,  with  about  2513  in- 
habitants.    18  miles  V/.  Edinburgh. 

Bathvmijier,  a  town  of  Hungary,  ftpa- 
rated  from  Bitha  by  th^-  Danube. 


feAT  .     : 

Bathetiy  a  lake  or  canal  of  tg^'pt,  at  a 
diftance  of  about  fix  miles  weft  of  the  Nile, 
extending  from  Athenas  parallel  wi'h  Beni- 
fuef  to  Tahal-el  Modain.  6  miles  N.  Miniet ; 
a  length  of  about  50  miles. 

Batkoiim,  a  river  of  Afia,  anciently  called 
Bathys,  which  rifes  in  the  mountains  of  Ar- 
menia, and,  eroding  the  principality  ot  Gu- 
riel,  runs  into  the  Black'^ea,  Long.  41.  ao. 
E.  Z,^^.  41.35.  N. 

Bathcuvn,  a  town  of  the  principality  of 
Guriel,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bathoum.  36 
jiilcs  S.  Puti. 

Batta,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  6  miles 
NE.  Ari;ino. 

Batian,  a  fmali  ifland  in  the  Eaftern-In- 
dian  Sea,  near  the  fouth  coaft  of  Mindanao. 
.Long.  122.  51.  E.  Lat.  7.  10.  N. 

Baticcla,  fee  B at n cola. 

Batillyy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loireu  3  m.  N.  Bois  Commun. 

Bathiday  lee  Batiiir. 

Batifca?:,  a  town  of  Canada,  at  the  mouth 
of  a  river  of  the  fame  name.  34  miles  SWi 
Quebec. 

Ban/can,  a  river  of  Canada,  which  runs 
into  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  Long.  72.  8. 
W.  Lat.  46.  36.  N. 

Batlcy,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  Weft 
Riding  of  Yorkfliirc.  In  1801,  the  number 
of  inhabitants  was  2574,  of  whom  1677 
were  employed  in  trade  and  manufadures. 
6  miles  N\V.  Wakelicld. 

Bat?i  Marr,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Hedjas.     15  miles  NW.  Mecca. 

Batn  Nakl,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  p:o- 
vince  of  Hedjas.     40  miles  NE.  Medina, 

Batnir,  or  Band,  or  Batinda,  or  Bandoy 
atown  ofHindooftan,  intlie  fubah  of  Moul- 
tan,  formerly  efteemed  one  of  the  ftrongeft 
fortrelTes  in  India  :  it  is  (ituated  in  a  defert 
country,  and  fupplied  with  water  fion.  a 
lake  near  the  gate  of  the  town.  On  the  in- 
vahon  of  the  country  by  Timur  Bee,  in 
1398,  many  inhabitants  from  the  neighbour- 
ing towns  removed  thither  with  their  ef- 
fedfs.  It  was,  however,  foon  taken.  Moft 
of  the  Hindoos  fet  lire  to  their  houfes,  and 
periihed  with  their  wives  and  children. 
■10,000  Indians  are  faid  to  have  been  flain 
by  the  ibluiers,  and  an  immenfe  booty  fell 
to  the  conqueror.  150  m^les  ESE.  Moultan, 
and  170  NW.  Aginieic.  Long.  74.  45.  E. 
Z<7/.  29.28.  N. 

Bato,  one  of  the  Ladrone  ilJands.  Long. 
142.  E.  Lat.iz.  N. 

Buto,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs  into 
the  Mediterranean,  2  miles  SE,  Scalea,  in 
Calabria  Citra. 

Bato  yldi't  a  town  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Timor.  Zf//r.  126.  6.  E.  Lat. 
8.  23.  S. 

Bato  Lan.'pnn,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Mindanao.  Lcfi^,  i:;j.i.  E. /.^/.O.^j.N. 


BAT 

Bato  Lara,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eafrerrv 
Indian  Sea.  Long.  123-45.  E.  Lat.  7.23.S.. 

Bato  Maizoe,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coafl 
of  Celebes,  inSewa  bay.  Long.  120.  40.  E. 
Lat.  2.  28.  S. 

Bato Panjang,5.{mdM  ifland  in  theEaftern- 
Indian  Sea    Long.  iai.48.E.  Lat-i  43.  S. 

Batoa,  a  fmalf  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  Sea, 
near  the  weft  coaft  of  Sumatra,  lituated  on 
the  equinc'ftial  line.     Long.  98.  E. 

Baton  Rouge,  a  town  and  fort  of  Weft- 
Florida,  which  was  garrifontd  by  the  Bri- 
tifh  in  1779,  when  it  was  taken  by  the  Spa- 
niards. 

Batopilah,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in 
New  Navarre.     120  miles  N.  Cinaloa. 

Batoun,  fee  Bathoun:. 
Batracha,  or  Patrlaxch,  a  feaport  town 
of  Africa,  on  the  coaft  of  Barca,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Nahil.     Longi  22.  24.  E.  Lati 
32.  10.  N. 

Batrlk,  a  town  of  Afiatic Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Marafch.     lom.N.  Malatia. 

Bats;  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Niphon.     40  miles  NNE.  Seoda 

Batfche,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Prerau.     26  miles  rrNE.  Prerau. 

Battrio,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Jamtland, 
on  a  lake.     22  miles  S.  Ofterfand, 

Batt  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  ibuth  coaft  of 
Java.  Long.  113.  18.  E.  Lat.  8.  28.  S. 

Battaj  a  province  of  Africa,  once  a 
ptweiful  ftate,  but  now  fubjed  to  Congo. 
The  principal  towns  are  Batta,  the  capital, 
Cangon,  andAgyiimba.  The  prince  who 
governs  Batta  is  confidered  as  the  fccond 
perfon  in  the  kingdom,  and  immediate  fuc- 
ceflbr  to  the  throne,  in  cafe  of  failure  in  the 
loyal  faiTiiiy.  He  has  many  lords  under 
him.,  and  is  able  to  raife  an  army  of  70,000 
men.  Batta,  the  capital,  ts  80  miles  S.  St. 
Salvador. 

Batta,  a  kingdom  of  Sumatra,  fituated  to 
the  fouth  of  Acheon.  The  country  is  very 
populous,  and  the  foil  fertile :  the  £hief 
articles  of  produce  for  commerce  are  cam- 
phor, gum  benz'.in,  caflia,  cotton,  and  in- 
digo. The  Battaseat  the  ilefli  of  their  cap- 
tive enemies,  and  of  offenders  executed  for 
capital  crimes. 

Batta,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Bergoo.     30  miles  W.  Wara. 

BattagHa,-x  town  of  the  kingdom  of  Na- 
ples, in  the  province  of  Capitanata.  3  miles 
NW.  Viclfe. 

Lattaglia,  a  town  of  Italy,  io  the  Pa- 
duan.     9  miles  S.  Padua. 

Battani,  an  ifland  in  the  Eaftern-Indian 
Sea,  near  the  coaft   of  Malacca,  about  60 
.  miles   in   circumference.      Long.   104.    E.  . 
Lat.  I.  N, 

Battandan,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Timor.  Long,  uj.  18.  E.  Lat^ 
9.  i8.  S. 


EAT 

Batfamsody,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
SiniKitra.     Lo?!g.  98.  18.  E.  Lat.  i.  2.N. 

Bjttaiita.,  an  ifland  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
feparatcd  from  Salwatty  by  a  narrow  ciian- 
rcl,  called  Pitt's  Strait.  40  miles  long  from 
eaftto  weft,  and  S  broad.  Long.  130.  jo. 
to  i.u-  15-  E.  Lat.  o.  48.  S. 

Bailuo,'x^\wA\  iOand,  near  the  weft  coaft 
of  Siam.     Z^/;^.  98.  .37.  E.  Lat  7.  45.  N. 

Battee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
ID  miles  NE.  Buhar. 

Battel,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Suflex ;  built  near  the  place  where  the 
decilive  battle  was  fought  between  Harold 
and  William  duke  of  Normandy,  on  the 
14th  of  Oftober,  1066.  The  conqueror 
afterwards  built  «.n  abbey  on  the  fpot,  dedi- 
cated to  St.  Martin,  with  condderable  privi- 
leges and  endowments,  to  pray  for  the  fouls 
of  the  {lain  :  and  the  remains  yet  vilible 
bear  marks  of  its  ancient  grandeur:  the 
abbey  was  called  Battel-abbey,  and  very  foon 
•after  people  began  to  build  near,  and  a  town 
gradually  grev/,  which  was  alio  called  Bat- 
tel. This  is  given  as  the  origin  of  the  place. 
The  town  confifts  of  one  good  ftrcet  ;  the 
principal  manufacture  is  gun -powder,  of 
conhderabie  eftimation  among  fportfmen. 
On  the  fecond  Tuefday  in  every  month 
there  is  a  market  for  cattle,  corn,  Sec.  and 
a  market  weekly  on  Thurldays,  for  provi- 
hon^,  &c.  In  1 801,  the  number  of  inha- 
bitants was  2040.  6  miles  N.  Haftings,  and 
_5  7  S.  London. 

Battebna,  a  town  of  Syria,  fuppofed  to 
be  the  ancient  Daphne.  It  is  fiiid  Gallus 
built  a  church  there,  probably  of  the  mate- 
rials of*  the  Temple  of  Apollo  ;  and  there 
are  remains  of  a  church,  with  feveral  Chrift- 
ian  Greek  infcriptions  cut  on  the  wall.  In 
this  church,  probably,  the  bones  of  Babylas 
bilhop  of  Antioch  \s'ere  placed,  as  well  as 
leveral  other  martyrs.     5  m.  SW.  Antioch. 

Battdlau,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle 
of  Iglau.     13  miles  SW.  Iglau. 

Batten.,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Upper  HelFe.  16  miles  SW. 
Waldeck,  and  16  NV/.  Marburg. 

Battcnburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  HcfTe 
Darmftadt.     25  miles  N.  Gieflen. 

Batterihorch,  or  Battenburg,  a  town  of 
the  ftate  of  Gueldres,  iituated  on  the  north 
lide  of  the  Meufe,  nearly  oppofite  Raveftein. 

Batterfia,  a  village  of  England,  in  die 
county  of  Surrey,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Thames,  over  which  is  a  bridge  to  Chellea. 
in  MiddJefex.  In  1801,  it  contained  3365 
inhabitants.     4  miles  W.London. 

Battipaglio,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Pilnci- 
pato  Citra.     11  miles  ESE.  Salerno. 

Battlehridge,  or  Stanjordbridgc,  a  village 
of  England,  in  the  Eail-Riding  of  Yorklhire, 
on  theDerwent.  In  1066,  the  Danes  were  de- 
flated here  bv  the  Engliih.  10  m.  NE.York. 


BAH 

BattkfieUy  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
countyofSalop,  near  whichHenry  IV.  gained 
a  yidlory  over  Percy,  called  Hotipur.  j 
miles  N.  Shrewfbury. 

Battltgutray  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  ia 
the  province  of  Dindigul.  12  miles  SSW. 
Dindigul. 

Battle  Creek,  a  river  of  Kentucky,  which 
ruiis  into  the  Ohio,  Lor.g.  85.  36.  W.  Lat. 
38.  35.N. 

Battoleak,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.    24  miles  SE.  Bettiah. 

Battclino,  a  fmall  iiland  in  the  Eaftern- 
Indian  Sea,  near  the  north  coalt  of  the  ifland 
of  Celebes,  /.(j;/^.  124.50.  E.  Z,^/.  1.33.N. 

Battoiv  liarci,  a  town  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Sumatra.  L&?ig.  98.  2;^-  E- 
Lat.  3.  24-  N. 

Battufzany,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  the  province  of  Moldavia.  44  m.  NNVV. 
Jafly. 

Batty  Malvy,  or  the  ^cohi,  one  of  the 
Nicobar  iflands.  Long.i):,.  18.  E.  Lai.  8. 
48.  N. 

Batulakki  Head,  the  fouth  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Mindanao.  Zs«^'-.  i2j.  8.E.  Lat. 
J.  24. N. 

Batu?n,  fee  Bathoiani. 

Bavamg,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Borneo.  Long,  109.  23. E.  Lat.o. 
27.  S. 

Bavaned,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Choraiaa. 
30  miles 5E.Terfhiz. 

Bavany,  a  river  of  Hindooftan,  which 
runs  into  the  Cauvery,  7  miles  N.  Erroad, 
in  Coimbetore. 

Bavaria,  a  circle  of  Germany,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Franconia  and  Bohemia, 
on  the  eaftand  Ibuth  by  the  circle  of  Auf- 
tria,  and  on  the  weft  by  Swabia  ;  contain- 
ing about  1020  fquare  leagues.  It  received 
its  name  from  the  dutchy  of  Bavaria,  which 
forms  the  greater  part.  It  is  conipofed  of 
twenty  ftates,  divided  into  two  benches,  the 
one  cccleliaftical  and  the  other  fecular. 
Thele  ftates  are  convoked  by  the  duke  ot 
Bavaria,  and  the  archbilhop  of  Saltzburg, 
who  direft  alternately ;  the  alTemblies  are 
held  generally  atRatifbon  or  Wafterburg,  and 
they  vote  in  the  following  order :  the'arch- 
bilhop  of  Saltzburg,  duke  of  Bavaria,  billiop 
of  Freyfing,  duke  of  Neuburg  and  Sulzbach, 
biflinp  of  Ratilbon,  landgrave  of  Leuchter- 
berg,  bifhop  of  Paflau,  comte  Sternftem, 
provoil  of  Berchtoldlgaden,  comte  of 
Haag,  abbot  of  St.  Emeran,  comte  of 
Ortenburg,  abbot  of  Nieder  Muniler,  lord 
of  Ehrenfuls,  abbot  of  Ober-Munftcr,  lord 
of  Sulzburg  and  Pyrbaum,  lord  of  Hoen- 
Waldcck,  lord  of  Breteneck  and  town  of 
Ratilbon.  When  the  army  of  the  empire  is 
40,000,  this  circle'is  engaged  to  furnifh  8co 
horfemen,  and  1494  foot  as  iis  contingent. 

Bavaria,  the  dci^orate  and  dutchy,  com. 


B  A  U 

prilicncls  tlie  greater  part  of  the  circle,  and 
has  nearly  thefame  bounds,  t8o miles  long, 
and  120  broad,  and  is  divided  into  Upper 
and  Lower  Bavaria,  and  Upper  Palatinate. 
Towards  the  Ibuth  the  country  is  mountain- 
ous, interfered  with  forefts,  lakes,  and  mo- 
rales, with  parture-grounds,  but  few  corn- 
fields ;  towards  the  north  are  found  large  and 
fertile  plains,  which  produce  plenty  of  C(.rn; 
there  are  like  wife  many  falt-works,  medicinal 
iprings,  and  baths  ;  mines  of  copper,  hiver, 
and  lead  ;    quarries   of  excellent   marble  ; 
plenty  of  game,  i\Pi\,  and  cattle.    The  prin- 
cipal  rivers  are  the  Danube,    Larch,   Inn, 
Altmuhl,Nab,  and  Ifer;  they  count  fixtetn 
lakes  of  a  larger  lize,  and    i6o  fiviallcr ; 
a75  rivers,  great  and  fmall;  360  fu:eits; 
720  mountains,  and  a  great  number  ot   fiih- 
ponds.    They  reckon  forty-eight  ciries;  123 
-towns,  1200  villages,  icoo  chateaus,  or  no- 
blemens' feats ;  86  convents,  1500  paridics, 
■:8,709  churches,  and  about  4,000,000  of 
Ibuk.    The  revenues  of  the  eledor  amount 
to   about  five   or  fix   millions   of  imperial 
crowTis;  the  military  forces  amount  to  about 
12,000  in  time  of  peace,   and  rather  more 
than  double  in  time  of  war.     The  ftates  of 
IJrivaria  are  compofed  of  prelates,  nobles,  ci- 
ties, and  tC'Wns,  which  are  affembled  by  the 
deputies  at  Munich  :  but  this  feldom  hap- 
■■  pens :  the  ilates  of  the  Upper  Palatinate  have 
held  no  diet  fince  the  year  1628.    The  in- 
habitants ofllpper  and  Lower  Bavaria  are 
the  moll  zealous  Catholics  in  Europe.  There 
are,  however,  fome  Proteftants  in  the  Upper 
Palatinate.    The  principal  manufactures  are 
coarle  cloth,  fluffs  of  woollen,  cotton  and 
filk  ftockings;  velvet,  carpets,  clocks,  &c. 
The   principal  exports  are  wheat,    cattle, 
wood,  fait,  and  iron  ;  which  employ  and 
feed  the  inhabitants,  and  enrich  the  prince. 
The  eledor  holds  the  fifth  place  in  theelec- 
soral  college,  and  the  fecond  among  the 
ieclilur   elecftors ;    he   has  a  feat   and  the 
tirlt   vote  among  the  college  of  princes. 
This   country,  which  by  the  Germans    is 
called  Eavern,  is  part  of  the  Rhoetia  Vinde- 
licia  and  Noricum  of  the  ancients  ;  and  took 
tlie  Latin  name  of  Boiaria,  from  the  Boii,  a 
warlike  people,  that  came  from  Gallia  Ccl- 
tica,  and  lettlcd  here  about  470  years  after 
CliriO: ;  being  governed  at  fnft  by  their  own 
kings,  and  afterwards  by  dukes,  to  the  time 
of  Cliarlcs  the  Great,  wlio  made  himfelf  maf- 
tcr  of  the  country,  and  ere(5ted  it  into  a 
kingdom  ;  in  which  ftate  it  continued  tor 
about  a  century,  when  Lodovic  its  king  dy- 
ing without  illue,  the  Bavarians  chofe  Ar- 
nolph,  a  dcfircndant  from  Charlemagne,  to 
be  their  governor,   who  contented  himfelf 
with  the  title  of  duke,  as  all  the  princes  ot 
it  did  aiterwards  ;    till  Maximilian  L  who 
had  the  dii,;niiv  of   Llcdior   conferred   on 
him,  togt.iliej  wiih  the  Upper  Piiktinate,  by 


B  A  ir 

the  emperor  Verdinand  IL  in  the  year  1623* 
in  reward  for  the  fcrvice  he  did  him  in  the 
war  againft  Frederick  V.  elcflor  palatine, 
whowas  chofen  king  of  Bohemia.  On  the 
death  of  the  eleftor  of  Bavaria,  the  lafl  of 
the  Ludovician  line,  in  1777,  the  dominions 
of  right  dcfcended  to  Charles  Theodore 
Elector  Palatine.  Unexpefledlv  the  Em- 
peror of  Germany  put  in  his  claim,  and  ac- 
tually invaded  the  electorate  with  an  army, 
and  compelled  the  Eleftor  Theodore  to  re- 
nounce his  right,  rather  than  riiquea  conteft 
to  which  he  was  unequal.  The  KingofPruf- 
(ia,  however,and  fome  other  Germanic  flates 
interfered  ;  and  at  length  the  emperor  was 
compelled  to  refign  his  pretenfions,  and  the 
elei'T:orate  to  Theodore,  with  the  exception 
of  the  diftritft  cf  Burghaufen.  The  prelimi- 
naiies  were  figned  in  1779,  atTefchen.  His 
affeifment  in  the  matricula  of  the  empire 
amounts  to  60  horfe,  and  277  toot,  or  1828 
florins  tor  the  Roman  month.  To  the  cham- 
ber of  Wetzlarhe  is  rated  at  811  rix-dollars, 
and  58  kreutzers.  In  1805,  Bavaria  was 
eredled  into  a  kingdom. 

Bavaria,  Upper,  is  divided  into  two 
governments,  or  regencies,  viz.  that  of  Mu- 
nich and  Burkhaufen.  The  principal  towns 
of  the  tormer  are  Munich,  PfatFenhaufen, 
Abenfperg,  Ingolftadt,  Donawert,  Fried- 
berg,  Wilhem,  and  WatTerburg :  of  the  lat- 
ter, Burkhaufen,  Branau,  and  Scherding. 

Bavaria,  Loiver,  is  likew  ife  divided 
into  two  governments,  viz.  that  of  Land- 
fhut,  the  principal  towns  of^which  are  Land- 
(hut,  Aerding,  Dingehingen,  Landau,  Vils- 
hoten,  Oiterhofen,  and  Mofburg:  and 
the  government  of  Straubing,  the  principal 
places  of  which  are  Straubing,  Cham,  Kel- 
heim,  Dietfurt,  Stadt-am-Hof,  Deckendorf. 

Bavay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  North.  It  was  once  a  confider- 
able  town,  and  the  capital  of  the  Nervii. 
On  the  17th  of  May,  1792,  Bavay  was  at- 
tacked and  plundered  by  a  bodyof  Auflrians, 
but  foon  relieved  by  Martlial  Luckner.  6 
miles  NE.  Le  Quelhoy,  and  31  SE.  Lille. 
Lo77g.  3.  51.  E.  Lat,  50.  18.  N. 

Baubigny,  a  town  of  France.  3  miles  NE. 
Paris. 

Baubtilat^L  river  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Aragon,  which  runs  into  theXalon,  about 
3  miles  below  Calataiud. 

Baiicotty,  a  town  of  Thibet.  80  miles 
NNW.  Sirinagur. 

Baud,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Morbihan.  10  miles  ENE.  Hennc- 
bon,  and  10  S.  Pontivy. 

BaudanvUUr,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Meurte.  is  miles  N.  St» 
Diey,  and  4  S.  Blamont. 

Baad[[fcn,  iee  Bnd{[jh:. 

Baudrc-ourt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meurte.  ao  m.  NE.  Nancy. 


B  A  U 


B  A  U 


BatuiJImpourt -a.  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  andfriendly  to  ftrangers.    Thclarn-eft  ifland 

Oude.     28  miles  SW.  Azimgur.  is  about  21  or  22  miles  in  clrcumrirence,with 

Bandy  Point.,  a  cape  on  the  call  coafl  of  good ancliorage.    Long.i-j2,.W.  Lat.  12. S. 

Yucatan,  i./?;;^.  89.  15.W.  Zr//.  18.2.N.  Bauvtanparah,   a   town  of  Bengal.     j» 

^.z/<^/;,  a  town  of  Swiflerland,  in  the  can-  miles  E.  Mauldah.                             ° 

ton  of  CJri.     4  miles  NNW.  Lucerne.  Bawnes-ks-Dames,  or  Baume-Ics-Nonest 

Baucrjhack,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  a  town  of  France,  and  principal  place  of  adi- 

coujity  of  Henneberg.    4  m.  S.  Meinungen.  ftricT:,  in  the  department  of  the  Doubs,  on  the 


Bavsrd,  fee  Ahiverd. 

Bauernuitz,  or  Patirivitz,  a  town  of  Si- 
lefia,  in  the  principality  of  Jagerndorf,  on 
the  river  Zinna.     10  miles  NW.  Ratibor. 

BatigC-,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftricfl,  in  the  department  of  the 
Mayne  and  Loire,  fituatedon  the  river  Coef- 
non;  before  the  revolution,  the  feat  of  a  go- 
vernor, and  a  royal  juftice  ;  it  contains  about 
4000  inhabitants.  In  the  year  1421,  while 
Henry  V.  was  puriuing  his  campaign  in 
France,  he  difpatched  the  duke  of  Clarence, 
with  10,000  men,  to  take  this  town.  At 
Baugc  the  duke  found  fome  Scotch  troops, 
with  whom  he  engaged,  and,  being  out-num- 
bered by  the  enemy,  the  duke  was  killed,  and 


Doubs.     15  miles  NE.  Belimcon,  and  25  N. 
Pontarlier.    Loiig.d.  25.  E.  Lat.  47.  21.  N. 

Bau7?!gart£!i,  a  town  of  Auilria.  6  miles 
W.  Feltfburg. 

_  Baumgartcji,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Chrudim.    3  miles  W.  Politzka. 

Bauwgarten,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  Pome- 
relia.     15  miles  S.  Marienburg. 

Batc!?il}oldcT,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Mount  Tonnerre.  ao  miles 
W.  Lautcreck,  and  25  N.  Deux  Pont. 

Baumingaut,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Orilfa.     2  7  miles  NW.  Harriopour. 

Baumont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Channel.     8  ni.  NW.  Cherburg. 

Bawiis'voaldt,  a  foreft  of  Pruilia,   on  the 


his  men,  for  the  moft  part,  made  prifoncrs.  borders  of  Lithuania,  about  30  miles  lon^ 

18  miles  ENE.  Angers.     Lotig.  o.  2.  W.  and  21  wide. 

Z^^.  47.  32.  N.                _                  _  ^;^.7w?i«i/)*^j  a  town  of  Bengal.     15  miles 

Bauglore,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My-  NE.  Calcutta, 

fore.     6  miles  NE.  Ouffoor.  Barwach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 

Baug72a?i,  a  town  of  Bengal.    45    miles  fhopric  of  Bamberg,  near  the  river  Mayne. 

S.  Burdwan.    Long.  80.  E.  Lat.  22. 3©.  N.  7  miles  N.  Bamberg. 


Baiigpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circarof  Sehaurunpour.  70  miles  E.  Sehau- 
runpour. 

Ba:igy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cher.    13  miles  E.  Bourges 


Baimach,  a  river  of  Franconia,  which  runs 
into  the  Mayne,  near  die  town  of  Baunach. 

Baunafaar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Orifia.     50  miles  SW.  Cattack. 

Baunco,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  circar 


Baujan,  a  town  of  Swifferland,  in   the    ofNagpour.     35  miles  SSE.  Doefa, 


canton  of  Berne.     13  miles  NW.  Friburg. 

Bavian^s  Kloof,  a  Moravian  fettlement  in 
Africa.     70  miles  E.from  Cape-town. 

Baidas,  a  town  of  Syria.  50  miles  E. 
Damafcus. 

Bauleah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  and  chief 
town  of  the  province  of  Luflcerpour.  20  m. 
NE.  Moorlliedabad,  108  N.  Calcutta.  Long. 
88.  13.  E.  Lat.  24.23.N. 

Baulhn,  a  river  of  Madagafcar,  which 
runs  into  the  Mofambique  Channel,  10  miles 
SW.  Cape  Tabua. 

Baulfe,  a  river  of  PrufFia,  which  runs  into 
the  Frifch  Haft",  a  little  below  Frauenburg. 

Baiiliunot,  a  town  of  Bengal.  7  miles  N. 
Toree. 

Baiwi,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Berar. 
15  miles  NNE.  Mahur. 

Baiiman  JJlands,  a  clufter  of  iflands  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  difcovered,  in  1722, 
by  Mynheer  Bauman,  v/ho  commanded  the 


Baunganf,    a   town   of    Hindooftan,   in 
Sehaurunpoir.     25  miles  NE.  Merat. 

Baund'^ak,  a  town  of  Bengal.     34  miles 
NNW.  BilTanpour. 

Baicnk,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
12  milts  SSW.  Patna. 

Baurey,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
15  miles  S.  Kairabad. 

Baurinkel,  a  town  of  Germany,  in   the 
county  of  Lingen.     6  miles  NF,.Lingen. 

Banfchimtz,  a  town  of  Silelia,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Neyfze.  8  miles  ENE.  Neyfze. 
Baiifk,  or  BuJ},  a  town  of  Semigallia,  on 
the  river  Muza.  Guftavus  Adolphus,  king 
of  Sweden,  took  it  from  the  Poles  in  the 
year  1625  5  ^-n^i  in  the  year  1705,  the  czar 
became  mafter  of  it,  after  a  bloody  battle 
between  the  Rullians  and  the  Swedes.  18  m. 
S.  Mittau.  Z5;/j.23.  30.E.  Lat. S6.26.N. 
Bautconda,  a  town  of  Bengal.  2>2>  miles 
W.  Midnapour. 

Bautfcht  or  BudiJJon.v,  a  town  of  Moravia, 
in  the  circle  of  Prerau.     20  miles  NNE. 


Tienhoven,  and  accompanied  Roggewain  in 
his  voyage  round  the  v/orld:  all  the  inhabi 

tants,  fays  the  writer,  are  white,  fome  of  Prerau,  and  20  NE.  Olmutz 
them  burned  by  the  fun  ;  they  are  numeious,  Bautzen,  fee  Budiffin. 
and  armed  with  bows  and  arrows,  but  repre-  Bau-x  (Les,)^  town  of  France,  in  ihe 
lented  as  of  a^enilc  and  humane  difpofition,  department  of  the  mouths  of  thVllhgne,  and 
VoL.i.  Q^ 


B  A  X  ' 

diflridl  of  Tarafcon,  farmerly  the  chief  place 
of  an  independent  barony.  6  miles  SE.  Ta- 
rafcon, and  9  NE.  Aries. 

Bavy,  a  fniall  illand  in  the  Eall-Indian 
Sea,  near  the  wefl  coaft  of  Aroo.  Long. 
134.  26.  E.    Lat.  5.  .;;,.S. 

Ba-.vdei;  a  river  of  England,  which  runs 
into  the  Tees,  about  three  miles  NNW. 
Barnard-Caftle,  in  the  county  of  Durham. 

BaivJfes,  a  town  of  England, in  the  county 
of  Suffolk,' with  a  fmall  haven,  in  the  German 
Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Debcn.  It  was 
formerly  a  rnarket-town.  5  m.NE.Harv/ich. 

Baiv?iagur,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Gu- 
zerat,neanhe  gulf  of  Cambay.  Sm.N.Gogo. 

Ba^-.voro'-.v^  a  town  of  Red  Ruffia,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Lemberg.   64  m.  E.  Lemberg. 

Ba-iut,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak  Agcmi.     80  miles  N.  Ifpahan 


BAY 

Baxos  *de  St.  Lazaro,  rocks  in  the  Indian 
Sea,  near  the  coaft  of  Africa.  40  miles  E. 
from  the  illand  of  Querimba.   Lat.  12. 15.  S. 

Baxos  de  St.  Roque,  a  rocky  fhoal  on  the 
coaft  of  Brafd.     Lat.  4.  50.  S. 

Baxter,  a  town  of  South-Carolina,  on 
Black  River.     14  miles  NW.  George  Town. 

Bay  of  Inlets,  a  bay  on  the  north-eaft  coafb 
of  New-Holland,  between  Cape  Palmerfton 
and  Cape  Townfend.  Long.  209.  36.  to 
210.  40.  W.     Lat.  21.  30.  to  22.  30.  S. 

Bay  of  Ijlands,  a  bay  (fo  called  from  the 
great  number  of  iOands  which  line  its  fhores) 
on  the  eaft  coaft  of  New-Zealand.  Capt. 
Cook  fays,  he  made  no  fiarvey  of  this  bay, 
but  had  fufficient  warrant  to  affirm  that  it. 
afforded  good  anchorage,  and  refrefliment 
of  every  kind.  It  \-!d.s  not  the  feafon  for 
roots;  but  they  had  plenty  of  filh,   moftly 


5.7-!L'A'j',  a  town  of  England,  in  the  Weft    purchafed   of  the   natives,   for  they  could 


Riding  of  Yorkflrire,  fituated  near  the  river 
Idle,  with  798  iphabitants:  the  principal 
trade  is  in  milltlrones.  There  are  two  markets 
■weekly,  on  Wednefdays  and  Saturdays.  8 
rniles  S.  Doncafter,  and  152  1-i.  London. 

Banvznr,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
7  miles  E.  Saferam. 

Baxd,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
38  miles  W.  Budaycon. 

Baxias,  f  Great  and  Little,)  fee  Baffas. 

Baxo  de  Sifal,  a  rock  in  the  bay  of  Hon- 
duras, near  the  coaft  of  Yucatan.  Long. 
91.  10.  W.     jLfl'^.  21.  28.  N. 

Baxo  Nuevo,  or  Sandy  Key,  a  fmall  rocky 
ifland  on  the  Spaniih  Main.  Long.  78.  ^x,. 
W.    Lat.  16.  12.N. 

Baxos  dos  Ahrolhoi ,  fee  Ahrolhos. 

Baxos  de  Babiica,  fee  Square  Handkerchief 

Baxos  de  las  Bafonas,  a  rock  in  the  At- 
lantic, near  the  couft  of  Spain.  Long.  9.  6. 
VV.     Z«/.  42.38.  N, 

Baxos  de  la  Candelaria,  fee  Candlemas 
Shoals. 


catch  very  little  themfelvcs,  either  with  net 
or  line.  When  Capt.  Cook  ftiewed  tl'e  na- 
tives his  feine,  which  is  fuch  as  the  King's 
fhips  are  generally  furniflied  with,  they 
laughed  at  it,  and  in  triumph  produced  their 
own,  which  was  indeed  of  an  enormous  lizc, 
and  made  of  a  kind  of  grafs,  which  is  very 
ftrong  t  it  was  live  fathom  deep,  and  by  the 
room  it  took  up,  it  could  not  be  lefs  than 
three  or  four  hundred  fathom  long.  Fifliing 
feems  indeed  to  be  the  chief  butinefs  of  lite 
in  this  part  of  the  country;  about  all  their 
towns  was  a  great  number  of  nets,  laid  in 
heaps  like  hay-cocks,  and  covered  with  a 
thatch  to  keep  them  from  the  weather;  and 
there  v/as  fcarcely  a  houfe  where  fome  of 
the  people  were  not  employed  in  making 
them.  The  filh  procured  here  were  Iharks, 
fting-rays,  fea-bicam,  mullet,  maekarel,  and 
fome  others.  The  inhabitants  in  this  bay 
are  far  more  numerous  than  in  any  otlier  part 
of  the  country  before  vihted:  it  did  not  ap-' 
pear  that  they  were  united  under  one  head  ; 


Baxos  del  Comhoi,  or  the  Bugles,  rocks  on  and  though  their  towns  were  fortified,  they 

the   Spanidi  Main.     Lo',7g.  78.  W.     Lat.  fecmed  to  live  together  in   perfed  amity. 

35.  36.  N.  _  It  is  high  v.'ater  in  this  bay  at  the  full  and 

^<;?xw  dc"  Ccrrz^W/?,  a  rock  In  the  Atlantic,  change  of  the  moon,  about  eight  o'clock. 


rear  the  coaft  of  Spain.     Lo7!g.  9.  10.  W. 
Lat.  42.  :;:,:■,.  N. 

Baxos  de  Fahulo,  ftioals  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coaft  of  Africa.     Lat.  11.  50.  N. 

Baxos  de  Mogincale,  rocks  in  tlic  Mofam- 
bique  Channel,  near  tlie  coaft  of  Africa. 
Lat.  I5.  50.  S. 

Baxos  de  Padrao,  rocks  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Africa.     Lat.  5.  30.  S. 

Baxcs  de  St.  Anna,  dangerous  fiioals  in 
the  Atiant-c,  ne.ir  tiie  weft 'coaft  of  Afiica, 
between  Cape  Ledo  and  Cape  St.  Ann. 

Baxos  St. /Intonio,  rocks  in  the  Indian  Sea, 
near  the  eaft  Cv)iift  of  Africa.   Lat.  i(>.  ic.  S.  ^    ^ ^_ 

Baxos  de  St.  Jjid;ella,  rocks  ntsir  the  north-  ifland  of  Georgia,  fo  called  from  a  great 
weft  coaft  of  the  illand  of  Cuba.  Lof.'g.2S'  number  of  fmall  iilands  in  and  before  it, 
W.    /,«/.  22.  36.  N.  Long.  27.30.  W.     Zrt/.  54.  3.  S. 


nd  the  tide  then  rifes  from  Iix  to  eight  feet 
perpendicularly.  Long.  185.  38.  W^  Lat. 
3S.  18.  S. 

Bay  of  Ijlands,  a  bay  in  the  ftraits  of  Ma- 
gellan, on  the  coaft  of  Terra  del  Fucgo,  fo. 
called  from  the  number  of  fmall  iilands  in  it. 
Weft  of  Cape  Upright. 

Bay  of  Ijiands,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
King  George  III.'s  Archipelago,  difcovered 
by  Capt.  Cook  in  1778.  Long.  224.  29. E. 
Lat.  57.  21.  N. 

Bay  cf  Ijlands,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland.     10  miles  S.  Cape  Gregory. 

Bay  of  If.es,  a  bay  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 


BAY 

Bay  Po'mt,  a  cape  on  the  nortli-weft  coti^ 
*f  New-Zealand.  7  m.SE.  Knuckle  Point. 

Baya,  a  feaport  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
diftrid  of  Soko,  on  the  Gold  Coail. 

Bayafm  Fo)ido,  fee  Bottovilcfs  Bay. 

Baya  de  Guadaloupe,  fee  Tchiuketaiiay. 

Baya  Honda,  fee  Hojida  Bay. 

Baya  dc  Tcdos  Safitosy  ttQyill  Sahifs  Bay. 

Bayaguana,  a  town  of  tlie  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo.     36  miles  NE.  St.  Domingo. 

Bayal>a,  a  town  of  the  illand  of  St.  Do- 
mingo.    20  miles  E.Cape  Francaife. 

Bayar/!o,  or  5"/.  Salvador,  a  town  of  the 
ifiand  of  Cuba,  on  a  river  which  forms  a  port,  of  Aleppo,  near  a  road  cut  in  the  rock.  It 
near  the  fouth  co:ift :  it  gives  nametoachan-  is  built  on  the  fide  of  a  hill,  over  the  vale, 
nel,  fituated  between  the  main  land  of  Cuba  and  has  forrjierly  been  much  frequented  by 
and  the  iflands  called  the  ^jiinns-GardLns.  the  Europeans,  even  from  Aleppo,  on  account 
530  miles  ESE.  Ilavanna.  Long.  76. 5  j.  W.  of  the  coojnefs  of  the  iituation,  and  falubrity 
laat.  20.  46.  N.  of  the  air;  as  it  is  now  by  thofe  of  Alexan- 

BaydiUeyd.  town  of  Pruffia,  in  Natangen.    dretta.    This  place  is  probably  the  Pidanus 
5  miles  SSE.Bartenftein.  of  the  Jerufklem  Itinerary,  which  is  placed 

Bayavio,  ariverof  the  province  ofDarien,    nine  miles  from  Alexandria,  and  eight  from 
■jyhich  runs  into  the  Bay  of  Panama.  Pangros.    This  is  one  of  the  great  pafles 

Bayc  de  Foret,  a  bay  of  the  Athmtic,  on    into  Cilicia.     9  miles  E.  Alexandietta,   and 
fne  coaft  of  France.     Lojig.  3.  53.  W.  Lat.    18  NNW.  Antioch. 
47.  ^■s.  N.  Baylur,  a  feaport  town  of  Africa,  in  the 

Baye  de  Frefnay,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on    kingdom  of  Abyifmia,  and  province  of  Dan- 
ttie  coaft  of  France.     Long.  %.     lAV.  Laf.    cale,  on  theiledSea.  Z-j/;^.  32.  41.E.    Lat. 


BAY 

corn.  .  And  near  it  there  is  an  annual  fair 
kept,  frequented  by  Arabians  from  the  mofl' 
diltant  parts,  who  refort  to  it  with  their 
flocks,  their  manufactures,  and  their  fami- 
lies. It  ffands  on  the  declivity  of  a  hilj, 
with  the  convenience  of  being  well  watered. 
On  the  highcit  part  is  a  citadel,  of  no  great 
ftrength :  on  the  walls  are  found  fome  Ro- 
man infcriptions.  50  miles  SW.  Biferta,  and 
46  W.  Tunis. 

Bay/adores,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
New-Grenada.     25  m'^es  SSW.  Merida. 

Bay/an,  a  town  of  Syria,  in  the  pachalic 


48.  36.  N. 

Baye  de  Trefpajfes,  a  bay  o  the  Atlantic, 
on  the  coaft  of  France.  Long.  4.  37.  W. 
Lat.  48.  3.  N. 


12.  30.  N. 

Baynes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Calvados.  9  m.  WSW.  Bayeux. 

Baynetta,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coall  of  St. 


Bayerfdorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the    Domingo.   Z-o;/^".  73.39.  E.  Z/i?/.  18.  16.N. 


circle  of  Franconia,  and  principality  of  Bay 
reuth,  on  the  Rednitz,  with  afeatof  juftice  & 
large  fynagogue.  5  m.  S.  Forcheim,  12  N. 
Nuremberg.  Long.xo.s^.E.  Zii/.  49. 40.N. 
Bayeux,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftriift,  in  the  department  of  Cal- 
vados.    Before  the   revolution  it  was  the 


Bayon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meurte,  on  the  Mofelle.  14 
miles  S.  Nancy,  and  9  SW.  Luneville. 

Bayona,  a  feaport  town  of  Spain-  in  Gali- 
cia,  fituated  in  a  fmall  gulf,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Minho,  with  a  convenient  harbour;- 
the  fea  near  the  coaft  is  furnifhed  with  ex- 


capital  of  BeiTm,  in  Lower  Normandy  ;  the    ocllent  fifli ;  and  the  land  ibout  is  fertile,  and- 
feat  of  a  governor,  abaiiywick,  and  an  elec-    watered  by  a  great  number  of  fprings;  the. 


tion  and  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  whofe  diocefe 
included  611  parifhes:  the  cathedral  is  ad- 
Jiiired  as  the  moft  beautiful  iij  the  depart- 
ment. Befides  the  cathedral,  there  were 
feventeen  other  churches,  a  college,  a  public 


place  is  fmall,  but  ftrong.  9  m.  S W.Vigo,  i  % 
NW.Tuy.  Zc//^.  8.52.W.  Z^/.42.8.  N. 
Bayona  IJIands, two  fmall  iflandsand  fome. 
rocks  fo  calkd,  fituated  at  the  entrance  of 
the  guif  of  Bayona ;  they  were  anciently  call-> 


fchool,  an  hotel-dieu,  a  general  hofpital,  and    evi  Jnfidce  Deorum,  or  the  Ijles  of  the  Gods 
leveral  religious  houfes.      The  nnmber  of    6  miles  NNW.  Bayona 


inhabitants  is  computed  at  8000,  the  prin- 
cipal com.merce  is  in  leather.  It  is  fituated 
on  the  Aure,  about  four  miles  from  the  fea. 
12  miles  WNW.  Caen,  and  10  NW-Falaife 
Long.  I.  ^i,.\N .     Lat,  4().  16. IS. 

Bayhido,  a  river  of  Sicily,  which  runs  into 
tlie  fea,  on  the  welt  coaft.  Long.  12.  49. 
E.     Lat.  ;8.  8.  N. 


Bayotida,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Samos. 
3  miles  WSW.  Cora. 

Bayonne,  a  feaport  town,  on  tlie  weft  coaft 
of  France.  It  is  the  feat  of  a  tribunal,  iri' 
the  diftri(^t  of  Uftaritz,  and  department  of  tl  e 
Lower  Pyrenees;  fituated  at  tlie  conflux  of 
the  rivers  Adour  and  Nive,  about  three  miles 
from  the  fea,  with  a  good  harbour,  but  di 


Bay] ah,  or  Bcja,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  ficult  to  enter.    It  is  flrongly  fortified,  the 

country  of  Tunis,  on  a  fmall  flream  called  work  of  the  celebrated  Vauban.    The  towa 

Wed  el  Boule,  which  runs  into  the  Mejerda;  is   large,  and   of  confiderable   importance. 

ancicntlycallcdVaccaandOppidumVagenfe.  Maffs  are  brought  from  the  Pyrenees,  ly 

Salluft  calls  it  a  celebrated  market ;  and  it  is  mean's  of  the  Nive,  tlie  Gave  ol'  Oleron,  and 

now  a  town  of  great  trade,  and  the  moft  con-  tiie  Adour,  to  Bayonne,  and  thence  f  hippcJ 

iidcrable  martin  the  kingdom,  efpecially  for  to  Brcft,  and  other  ports;  a  company  w^s 


B  A  Z 

eflr.iHl'fhed  here  for  the  northern  whale  fifh- 
erv  !>  i6o<;.  Before  the  revolution,  it  was 
the  fee  of  a  biAiop,  fuffragan  cf  Auch.  In 
the  year  1784,  it  was  declared  a  free  port, 
in  129!:,  Bavonne  was  taken  bytlieEnc^lifli, 
and  loft  again  in  1450.  5\  pofts  from  Yron, 
on  the  frontiers  of  Spain,  and  105  SSW. 
Paris.     Long.i.  2^.W.     Lat.  a\- '^9'^- 

Baypour,  a  fea port  town  of  Hindooftan, 
iri  the  country  of  Calicut,  on  a  river  capable 
cf  rec  iving  veffels  of  400  tons.  In  1 790,  it 
■was  taken  by  the  Britifli  under  Col.  Hartley. 
20  miles  S.  Calicut. 

Bavpin,  or  Vaypiii,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft 
of  Malabar,  between  Cochin  and  Cranganore, 
about  twelve  miles  long  and  two  broad. 

Bayreut,  fee  Baireui. 
-  Bcj'ireuth,  ov  Barenth, or  Barelib,  a.  city  o£ 
Germany,  in  the  circle  of  Franconia,  and 
principality  of  Culmbach,  the  relidence  of 
the  marggraves,  and  capital  of  the  whole 
principaHty,  whence  it  is  ofien  called  the 
principality  oi Bayrci'.th ;  it  is  furrounded  by 
the  Main,  Miftelbach,  and  Sendclbach.  It 
contains  a  palace,  which  was  burnt  down 
in  the  year  1755,  but  was  again  rebuilt  in  a 
beauitul  ftyle;  one  Calvinill  and  two  Luthe- 
ran churches,  a  Roman-Catholic  chapel,  a 
public  fchool,  a  foundling  hofpital;  an  aca- 
demy, founded  in  the  year  1722,  by  the 
mar.-^.rave  Frederick*;  and  a  college.  In  the 
year  1430,  this  town  was  burned  down  by 
the  Huflites.  I-  belonged  to  a  prince  of  the 
houfe  of  Brandenbuig,  the  laft  of  \vhoni 
dying  in  1782,  it  defc?nded  to  the  King 
of  Pvuriia.  104  miles  W.  Prague,  64  N. 
Rktifbon,  and  48  NNE.  Augfburg.  Lorii^,. 
II.  37.  E.     i,^/.  49-54.  N. 

Bays,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Maycnne.  6  m.  N.  Evron,  10 
ESE.  Mayenne. 

Bavfaye,  a  town  of  Lower  Siam,  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  the  gulf.  Long.  103. 2.  E.  Laf. 
II.-30..N. 

Bayfeizy  a  town  of  PruHia,  in  the  pro\  ince 

of  Ermeland.  ao  miles  WNW.  Heiliperg. 

.  Bay  slacken^  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  Natangen. 

6  miles  SW.  Raltenburg. 

.  Bcjyiyo,  a  town  on  thcE.  coaft  of  the  ifland 

of  Mindanao.  jLo'/j^.  126.12.  E.  /W//.9.8.N. 

Baza,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  ihe  dutchy 
of  Carniola.     7  miles  SSVV.  Fekles. 

Baza,  or  Bar^a,  a  town  ot  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Grc'iada,  on  the  Ibuth  fide  of  the 
Guadaleat'O,  between  Guadix  and  Huef'car  ; 
fuppofed  to  iK  the  ancient  B.ifti,  from  whence 
the  liiiftitani  took  their  name.  21  miles  NE. 
Guadix.  Lr.ng.  2.  47- W.  Lat.^^T-  31.  N. 
.  Birza,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  New  Navarre. 
55  r.illcs  NE.  Cinaloa. 

B<T'.iidois,  before  the  revolution  a  province 
oT  France,  fitiiatcd  between  Agenois,  Condo- 
nuiis,  and_  Guienne;  the  land  is  fa)  iy  and 
unprodudive.    Bazas  was  die  capital. 


B  E  A 

Bazar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  drear 
of  Sehaurunpour.     30  miles  W.  Merat. 

Bazar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Berar. 
20  miles  W.  Nagpour. 

Bazar,  a  town  of  the  north  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Sumatra.  Long.  97.  24.  E.  Lat^ 
4.  39-  N. 

Bazardgik,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
the  government  of  Marafch.  12  miles  E. 
Marafch. 

Bazarfu,  a  river  of  Turkifli  Armenia, 
which  runs  into  the  Black  Sea,  15  miles  W. 
Kerefun. 

Bazariito,  or  Boctcas,  three  fmall  iflands 
in  the  Mofambique  Channel,  near  the  coaft 
of  Africa.     Z-d/*.  21.  12.  N. 

Bazas,  a  city  of  France,  and  princpal 
place  of  a  diftridt,  in  the  depr^rtment  of  the 
Gironde :  before  the  revolution,  the  capital 
of  Bazadois,  and  fee  of  a  bifhop.  The  dio- 
cefe,  which  is  faid  to  have  been  one  of  the 
moft  ancient  in  Fiance,  comprehends  250 
parifhes,  and  was  once  of  great  extent..  The 
number  of  inhabitants  is  computed  at  2000. 
30  n'iles  SE.  Bourdeaux,  38  NNW.  Agen. 
Long.  o.  7.  W.     Lat.  44.  26.  N. 

Bazdar,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia.  60 
miler,  SE.  Bukhara. 

Bi'zdepQur,  a  cape  of  Bengal.  15  miles  S. 
Burdwan.     L^;/^.  87.58.  E.  Z^/.  22.59.  N. 

Ba-er,  fee  Bahar. 

Bazlege,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Garonne.  12  n^ik^  SE. 
Touloi:fe. 

Bazlrgion,  a  tov.'n  of  Perha,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Lariftan.     57mile'E.Lar. 

Baz'xhes  au  Ferche  Go  net,  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  d-par;-ment  of  the  Eu:e  and 
Loire.     5  miles  SE.  Authon. 

Bazocke-:  "t  Hoidnie,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  dep^;/:mcnt.  of  the  Orne.  9  milc^  N"W. 
Argenta^'. 

Bazo'-rc  les  Gallerandc:,  a  tov/n  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Loiret. 
6  mil<  s  N.  Neuville. 

Baroches  uux  B  is,  a  town  ff  France,  in 
the  de'.iartment  of  the  Aifne.  12  miles  E. 
Solfibn''^. 

Bazoge,  (La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  riie  Savte.   6  m.  N.  Le  Mans. 

Bazougcrs.  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  th'  Maycnne.     7  m.  NE.  Laval. 

Bazouges  la  Peroujc,  a  town  of  Frasice, 
in  the  deprtrtment  of  the  Tile  and  Vilaine, 
and  diftrid  of  Dol.  9  miles  SSE  Dol,  and 
3  SW.  Antrain. 

Beach-Hill,  a  town  of  South-Carolina.  7 
miles  S^S'.  Dotcheftcr. 

Beach  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  At» 
lantic,  near  the  coaft  of  New  Jctfcy.  Long, 
74.  15.  W.      Z^if.  39,  4-.  N. 

Beachy-flcad,  a.  piom  utory  of  Englprd, 
and  higheft  laud  on  the  ibuth  coaft  of  Sufi'  K, 
which  nfes  perpendicular  over,  the  cliffs.  27 


B  E  A 

miles  WSW.  Dungenefs.    Lovg.o.  15.  E. 
L.at.  50.  44.  N. 

Beacon  Ijici/id,  a  fmall  ifland  in  Pamlico 
Sound,  near  the  coafl  of  North-Carolina. 
Long.  76.  ?-2.  W.  Lat.  34.  57.  N. 

Bcacov.  Pohit,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coafl:  of 
Engl  ;nd,  in  tlic  county  of  Diuhani.  Lotig, 
I.  20.  V/.    Lnt.  54.  $1.  N. 

BeacojnJiflJi  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Bucks,  with  a  weekly  market  on 
Thurfdavs,  and  about  1 150  inhabitants.  31 
miles  E3E.  Oxford,  and  23  WNW.  London. 
Long.  o.  39.  W.     Lai.  51.  36.  N. 

Beal,  a  river  of  Ireland,  v/hich  runs  into 
the  Shannon,  near  Allceaton,  in  the  county 
of  Limerick. 

Beahiabrach,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which 
runs  into  the  Lough  Corrib,  iii  Galway. 

Bealth,  fee  Bivlth. 

Bealjhurgh^  a  town  of  Kentucky,  on  Rol- 
ling Fork.  50  miles  SW.  Francfort.  Long. 
86.  W.  Z^/.  37.30.  N. 

Beainfleet,  a  village  of  England,  in  EfTex, 
on  the  lide  of  the  Thames,  oppofite  Canvcy 
illand,  where  the  Danes  hud  a  fort,  which 
■was  taken  by  Alfred.     36  miles  E.  London. 

Beaniinjler,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Durfet,  near  the  borders  of  So- 
merfet.  It  was  nearly  burned  down  in  the 
year  1645,  and  16B6.  It  has  a  manufafture 
of  woollen  cloih,  and  another  of  fail-cloth  ; 
vith  a  weekly  market  held  on  Thurfdays. 
The  inhabitants,  in  1801,  were  2140,  of 
%vhom  1562  w^ie  employed  in  trade  and 
manufaiftures.  12  milts  WNW.  Dorclief- 
Irer,  and  138  W.  London. 

Bians,  a  river  of  Enjdand,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Lea  near  Hoddvifdon,  in  the  county 
of  Hertford. 

Bear,  ( Norths)  ■A.^m^X  ifland  in  St.  James's 
Bay,  Hudfon's  Bay.  2>c//^.  81.  20.  W.  Lat. 
54.  :,5-N. 

Bear.  (South,)  a  fmall  ifland  in  St.  James's 
Bay.  Long.  81.  20.  W.   Lat.  54-  30.  N. 

Bear  Bay,  on  the  fouth  coalt  of  die  ifland 
of  Newfoundland.     70   miles  E.  Cape  Ray. 

Bear  Brook,  a  river  of  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Millilfippi,  Long.  93.  28.  W. 
Lat.  44.  40.  N. 

Bear  Creek,  a  river  of  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  Green  River,  Long.  86.  45.  W. 
Lat.  36.  52.  N. 

Bear  Creek,  a  river  of  North-Carolina, 
'  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  77.  32. 
W.  Lat.  34.  3.6.  N. 

Bear  Creek,  a  river  of  Maryland,  which 
runs  into  the  Chelapeak,  Long.  76.  30.  W. 
Lat.  39.  16.  N. 

Bear  Haven,  lee  Bantry  Bay. 

Bear  Inlet,  a  channel  between  two  fmall 
iflands  near  the  coail  of  Norih-Carclina. 
Long.  77.  26.  W.  Lat.  34.  34.  N. 

Bear  IjJand,  an  illand  near  the  fouth-wefl 
coaft-  of"  Ireland,  ia  iJantry  Bay,  about  j 


B  E  A 

miles  long,  and  i^  wide.  Zcat.  9.  45. 
!' W.  /.^/.  51.35.  N. 

Bear  Ijland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coaft  of  Main.  Long.  68.  20.  W. 
Lat.i^i,.  6.  N. 

Bear  River,  a  river  of  America,  w;uch 
runs  into  the  MiffilTippi,  /.o;/^'-.  9a.  44.  W. 
l^at.  44.  20.  N. 

Bear  Sound,  on  the  well  coaft  of  Weft 
Grcenla:.d,    L:ng.  49.  W.  Lat  63.  20.  N. 

Beard,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dt-^art- 
ment  of  the  Nyevre,  on  the  Loire.  10  miles 
SE.  Ncvers. 

Bearer  R/'ver,  a  river  of  New  Hamprtiire, 
which  runs  into  die  Merrimack,  Long.  71. 
20.  W.  Lat.  42.  36.  N. 

Beam,  before  the  revolution,  a  province 
of  France,  at  the  loot  of  rhe  Pyrenees ;  about 
42  miles  long,  and  36  broad:  bounded  on 
the  eafl:  by  Bigorre;  on  the  north  by  Armag- 
nac,  Turfan,  and  Chaloffe;  on  the  weft  by 
Dax,  a  part  of  Soale,  and  the  Lower  Na- 
varre ;  arid  on  the  fouth  by  the  Pyrenees. 
The  plain  country  is  verv  fertile,  and  the 
mountains  are  covered  wir-  ^ir  trees,  while 
within  aremines  of  copper,  lead,  and  iron  ; 
and  the  litde  hills  are  planted  widi  vines, 
whlrh  yield  good  wine.  The  principal  rivers, 
which  bear  the  name  of  Gave?,  are  the  Gave 
Bearnnis,  and  the  Gave  d'Oleron.  It  is  now 
the  department  of  the  Lower  Pyrenees.  Pau 
is  the  capital  town. 

Bea/er,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  15  miles 
N.  Benares. 

Beajlefs  Creek,  a  river  of  Kentucky, 
which  runs  into  the  Ohio,  Long.  83.  ^s-  W. 
Z.^/.  38.  35.  N. 

Beajtan,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Segeftan.     80  miles  SW.  Kin. 

Beata,  (La,)  a  fmall  illand  in  the  Weft- 
Indies,  near  the  Ibuth  coaft  of  St.  Domingo. 
Long.  72.  22.  W.  Lat.  17.52.N. 

Beattee,  a  town  of  liindoullan,  in  Baliar. 
3  miles  S  Bettiah. 

Beaty,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
8  miles  SE.  Lucknow. 

BeaubaJJin,  a  bay  and  harbour  in  the 
Straits  of  Magellan,  on  the  coaft  of  Terra 
del  Fuego,  io  named  by  M.  Bougainville. 
The  anchorage,  he  lltys,  is  very  good  in 
the  bay,  from  forty  to  twelve  fathoms;  bot- 
tom of  land,  fmall  gravel,  and  fliells.  It 
flielters  you  agaiaft  all  dangerous  v/inds;  its 
eafterly  point  may  be  knov.-ii  by  a  large  cape, 
which  we  called  the  Dome.  To  the  weft- 
ward  is  a  little  ifle,  between  which  and  the 
fhore  no  fliip  can  go  out  of  the  bay.  You 
come  into  the  p_;t  by  a  very  narrow  p^.f?, 
and  in  it  you  find  ten,  eight,  five,  and  four 
fathoms  oozy  bottom ;  you  miift  keep  the 
middle,  orratiicr  come  nearer  ;he  e.i;l  lide, 
where  the  g-eatcft  depth  is.  The  beauiy 
of  this  arcnoring  place  determined  us  t# 
giye  it  the  uanic  of  bay  and  port  of  Ceaubal- 


B  E  A 

fin.  If  a  fhip  waits  only  for  a  fair  wind,  fhe 
needs  anchor  only  in  the  bay ;  if  fiie  wants 
to  wood  and  water,  or  even  careen,  no^pro- 
perer  place  for  thefe  operations  can  be 
tliought  of  than  theportof  Beaubaffin.  Long. 

71.  13.  W.   Z/^/.  54.  22.5. 

Beaucaire,  a  town  of  France,  and  princi- 
pal place  of  a  diftridl-,  in  the  department  of 
the  Gard,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhone, 
'  oppofite  to  Tarafcon,  with  which  it  has  a 
communication  by  a  bridge  of  boats.  A 
great  deal  of  commerce  is  carried  on  here  in 
wool,  liik,  ftuii's,  fpices,  drugs,  leather,  cot- 
ton, kz.  which  is  aflifted  by  an  annual  fair, 
■  which  continues  fix  days,  the  returns  of 
which  are  faid  to  be  eight  millions  of  livres 
in  fpecie,  and  fix  or  ieven  in  exchangcof 
merchandize,  on  an  average  one  year  with 
another.  12  miles  S.  Nifmes.  Lo?!g. /^. /^z- 
H.  Lat.  43.  48.  N. 

Eeauce,  before  the  revolution,  a  country 
ofFnince,  part  of  Orleannois,  fo  fertile  in 
torn  that  it  was  called  the  granary  of  France. 
It  now  forms  the  department  of  the  Eure 
and  Loire.  Chartres  v/as  the  capital.  It  had 
neither  mountain  nor  river. 

Beaucoajfipsy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partmentofthe  Somme.  15  m.  S.  Abbeville. 

Beauchcijlcl,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardcche.  7  miles  SW.  Va- 
Jcnce,  and  10  NE.  Privas. 

Beaiickene's  Ijland,  a  fniall  ifland  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  60  miles  S.  from  Falkland's 
islands.     Lat.  ^x.^.  S. 

Becndun,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dcpart- 
n".ent  of  the  Var.     15  miles  NE.Barjols. 

Bea-vcr  Creek,  a  river  of  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  the  Cumberland,  Long.  85.  i a.  W. 
Lat.  36.  2,^.  N. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  river  of  Georgia,  wh.ich 
runs  into  the  Tennafee,  Long.  07.  50.  W. 
Lat.  ix.  3^.  N. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  river  of  Pennfylvania, 
which  runs  into  the  Ohio,  Long.  80.  20.  Vv. 
Lat.  40.  42.  N. 

Beaver  Ijlands,  a  remarkable  chain  of 
fniall  iflands,  in  lake  Michigan,  e>:tending 
,  about  30  miles  fouth-weft  into  the  lake. 
They  appear  beautiful,  thciituation  pleafant, 
but  tl;e  foil  barren.  Long.  85.  30.  W.  Lat. 
62.  20.  N. 

Beaver  Indians,  natives  of  North-Amcricn, 
'  fituated  about  Lojig.  1 1 8  AV.  Lat,  62.  acM. 

Beaver  River,  a  river  of  North-America, 
v.liich  runs  into  the  Lal:>Ci"ofs  lake,  Long. 
118.  W.  Lat.  SS'^-S-  N. 

Beaver  J  Hike,  a  lake  of  North-America. 
Lorg.  -10-2,.  :q.  W.  Lat.sA-  30.  N. 

Beaver's  Tonvn,  a  tov/n  of  United  Ame- 
rica, in  the  weftern  territory,  built  in  1764. 
70  miles  W.  Pitifburg.  Long-  81.  18.  W. 
Lat.  40.  45.  N. 

Beauf'irt,  :i  town  of  France,  in  the  dcpart- 
nieiit  of  the  Diorae.    6  miles  NE.  Crefl* 


B  E  A 

Beaufort,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  7  miles 
SSW.  Baugc,  and  12  E.  Angers. 

Beaufort,  a  county  of  North-Carolina,  m 
the  United  States  of  America. 

Beaufort,  a  feaport  tov/n  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  in  North-Carolina,  lita- 
ated  in  Core  Sound.  39  miles  SSE.New- 
bern.     Z^;-/^.  77.  W.  Zv^r/.  35.41.  N. 

Beaufort,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  in  South-Carolina,  and  county  of 
Carteret,  a  feat  of  jultice,  iituated  on  the 
ifland  of  Port-Royal,  with  a  good  harbou-r. 
Long.  80.  43.  W.  Lat.  32.  3 1.  N. 

Beaufort,  or  Port-Royal,  an  ifland  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  near  the  eaft  coafl:  of  North- 
America,  belonging  to  the  ftate  of  South- 
Carolina,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Savann-a* 
Long.  80.  50.  W.     Lat.  32.  30.  N. 

Beaufort,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Mont  Blanc.  30  miles  ENE.  Cham- 
bery,  and  38  W.  Aofta. 

Bea-ugency,or  Baugency,2it0'vjn  of  France, 
and  principal  place  of  a  diftrid,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Loiret,  Iituated  on  the  Loire, 
over  which  is  a  biidge  of  twenty-two  arche's; 
the  chief  trade  is  in  wine  and  brandy.  12 
miles  SW.  Orleans.  Long.  i.  43.  E.  Lat. 
47.  46.  N. 

Beaujeu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhone  and  I^iie,  iituated  at  the 
foot  of  a  mountain,  on  the  Ardiere,  formerly 
the  capital  of  the  Beaujolois.  12  m.  NNW, 
Villefranche,  and  ao  ENE.  Roanne.  Long* 
4.  40.  E.  Lat.  46,  10.  N. 

Beaujolois,  before  the  revolution,  a  fmal! 
but  fertile  pi  ovince  of  France,  30  miles  long, 
and  24  wide,  fitiiated  between  the  Lyonnois, 
Burgundy,  the  Saone,  and  the  Loire. 

BeavJieu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Correze,  on  the  Dordognc.  17 
miles  S.  Tulle,  and  17  SE.  Brive. 

BeuiiHeufous  la  Roche,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  Vendee.  7  m.  W.Roche 
fur  Yon,  and  12  NNE.  Sables  d'Olonne. 

Beaulitu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Indre  and  the  Loiie,  iituated  on 
the  Indre,  oppoiite  Loches.  It  contains 
about  1500  inhabitants. 

BeaulieuyW  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loirtt.  12  miles  SE.  Gien. 

BeauUeu,  a  rivcrof  England,  which  riA:s 
in  Uampfhire,  near  Lyndhurlf,  and  runs 
into  the  Englifli  Channel  about  7  miles  E. 
Lyniington.  This  river,  and  a  village  about 
7  miles  north-ealt  from  the  mouth,  leem  to 
take  their  name  from  a  celebrated  Ciffcrtkirt 
abby,  founded  by  King  John,  and  endowed 
v.'ith  confiderable  privileges.  -To  this  place 
Margaret,  queen  of  Henry  VII.  rctiied  for 
landuarv,  after  the  death  of  the  Earl  of  War- 
wick;  and  Perking  Waibcck  lied  to  the 
fame  pla-'e. 

BeaiUey-,  a  river  of  ScptJund,  which  rifcs  10 


B  E  A  • 

Invernefsfhire,  and  runs  into  the  frith  of 
Murray  at  the  town  of  Beauley. 

Beauley,  or  Bc'-d.'ley,  a  town  of  Scotland, 
in  the  county  of  Rofs,  fituatcd  on  the  north 
fide  of  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  at  its  con- 
flux with  the  frith  of  Murray.  VefTels  as 
large  as  90  tons  frequent  the  port.  It  is  a 
place  of  fome  trade ;  and  there  is  a  poft- 
office.  Here  arc  the  remains  of  a  Ciflertian 
iibhy,  founded  in  izn;,  and  near  it  the  ruins 
of  Call:le  Dunic,  an  ancient  feat  of  the  Fni- 
fers,  burned  in  1746.  10  miles  N.  Invernefs, 
p.nd  8  S.  Dingwall.  Z-c/;^.  4.  21,  W.  Lat. 
57.29.  N. 

Beaiclon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  iUe  and  Villaine.  la  miles  SW. 
Hennes. 

Bcaiiniarchez,  z.  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Gers.  20  miles  W.  Auch, 
and  13  W.  Mirandc.    Long,  o.  10.  E.  Lat. 

A3-  SS'T^' 

Bcaipnaris,  or  Beanmarjh,  a  feaport  town 
of  Wales,  and  county  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Anglefea,  very  near  the  Irifh  fca,  with  a 
large  and  fafe  harbour,  and  good  anchorage. 
The  trade  was  once  very  conliderable,  but 
is  now  removed  to  other  ports,  chiefly  Liver- 
pool. It  is  a  town  corporate  and  borough, 
returnirig  one  member  to  tlie  Bntifh  parlia- 
ment. It  is  the  feat  of  a  governor,  and,  as 
a  port-tovv'n,  has  five  fmaller  dependent  on 
it,  viz.  Barmouth,  Carnarvon,  Conv/ay,  Ho- 
lyhead, and  Pwllhely.  The  town  and  caftle 
were  rebuilt  by  Edward  I.  I^  iP.oi,  the 
number  of  inhabitants  was  1576.  The  mar- 
ket is  on  Saturday.  28  miles  ESE.  Holy- 
head, and  240  NW.  London.  Long.  4. 15. 
W.  Lat.  53.  14.  N. 

Beaumsnil,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure.     6  miles  SE.  Bernay. 

Beaujuetz-les-Logesy  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Straits  of  Calais.  6 
miles  SW.  Arras. 

Beaumont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Calvados.  3  miles  W.  Pont 
I'Eveque,  and  18  ENE.  Caen. 

Beaumont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Coted'Or.  16  m.NE. Dijon. 

Beaumont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Channel.  8  miles  W. 
Cherburg. 

Beaumont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Puy  de  Dome.  %  miles  S. 
Clermont. 

Bsaumont-les-Forges,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  In  ycvre,  on  the  Ny- 
evre.     13  miles  N.  Nevers. 

Beaumont-fur- VeJIc,2i  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Marne,  fituated  on 
the  Velle.     8  miles  SE.  Reims. 

Beaumont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Seine  and  Oife,  on  the  Olfe. 
25  miles  N.  Paris,  and  9  NE.  Portoife. 

BeauMiontj  a  towa  of  jf iance,  in  the  de- 


E  E  A 

partmentofthe  Dordogne.   9  miles  \V.  Bsl- 

vez,  and  27  S.  Perigueux. 

Beawniont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Sarte.  15  m.NE.  Lc  Mans. 

Beaumont,  a  town  of  Canada,  on  the  river 
St.  Lawrence.     10  miles  ENE.  Quebec. 

Beaumont  en  Aigomic,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Ar  Jennes.  10  miles 
SSE.  Sedan,  and  2 7  E.  Rethel. 

Bcawnont  rn  Gatlnols,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Seine  and  Marne. 
12  miles  SW.  Nemours,  and  24  SSW.  Fon- 
tainblcau. 

Beaumont  de  Loniagne,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  Upper  Garonne.  15  miles  NW.  Gre- 
nade, and  10  SSW.  Call:el  Sarralin. 

Beaumo7.'t  le  Roger,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Eure.  15  miles  W. 
Evreux,  and  7  E.  Bernay.  Long.  o.  5a.  E. 
Lat.  49.  5.  N. 

Beaune,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  9  miles  E» 
Angers,  and  9  W.  Bauge. 

heaune,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftricft:,  in  the  department  of  the 
Cote  d'Or;  celebrated  for  its  wine,  ai  miles 
S.  Dijon,  and  25  SE.  Auxerre.  Lotig.  4. 
54.E.  Z<7/.  47.N. 

Beaune,  a  town  of  France,  in  die  depart- 
ment of  the  Loirct.  3  miles  N.  Bois-Com- 
mun,  and  13  \^'NW.  Montargis. 

Beaupreau,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  9  miles 
S.  St.  Florent,  and  9  NNW.  Chollet. 

Beauquefne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dr- 
partmentofthc  Somme.     6  m.SE.Douiens. 

Beauregard,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Dordogne.  la  miles  S. 
Perigueux. 

Beauregard,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Puy  de  Dome.  9  miles  E. 
Clermont  Ferrand. 

Beauregard,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot.    15  miles  ESE.  Cahors. 

Beauregard,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Leman.  1 1  m.  NE.  Geneva. 

Beaurepair,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  7  miles 
E.  Louhans,  and  9  N.  Cuzeau. 

Beaurepaire,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Here.  26  miles  SSE.  Lyons, 
and  9  SE.  Vienne. 

Beaurieur.,  a  tovvn  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aifne.  10  m.NW.  Reims. 

Beaujfet,  (Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Var.    7  m.  N  W.  Toulon. 

Beativais,  a  city  of  France,  and  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Oife,  fituated  on  the 
Therin.  Before  the  revolution,  the  capital 
of  the  Beauvaifis,  and  the  fee  of  a  biihop. 
It  was  befieged  by  the  Englifh  without  fuc- 
cefs,  in  the  year  1443;  and  by  the  Duke^f 
Burgundy,  in  i472>  to  as  litde  purpofe.  tho' 
at  thu  head  of  80^00  mcu.    la  the  iatier 


B  E  C 

fiege,  the  women  of  Beauvais  gave  great 
proofs  of  their  courage  under  the  conduit  of 
Jane  de  Hachett,  whofe  portrait  is  preferved 
in  the  Town-houfe;  and  in  memory  of  their 
brave  defence,  the  women  walk  firfl  in  a  pro- 
ceflion,  kept  annually  on  the  loth  of  July. 
The  cathedral  is  much  admired ;  befides  this, 
there  are  fix  collegiate,  and  three  parifh 
churches.  7  pofls  S.  Amiens,  and  8  N.  Paris. 
Long.  2.  10.  E.    Lat.  49.  25.  N, 

Beauvafis,  before  the  revolution,  a  fmall 
province  of  France,  bordered  on  the  north 
by  Picardy,  on  the  well  by  Vexin-Normand, 
on  the  fouth  by  Vexin-Fran^ois,  and  on  the 
call:  by  Senlis ;  the  country  is  very  fertile, 
•and  was  one  of  the  firft  conquered  by  the 
French.     Beauvais  is  the  capital. 

Beauval,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.     3  miles  S.  Doulens. 

Beauvilk,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  10  miles  N. 
Valence,  and  la  ENE.  Agen.  Long.  o.  58. 
E.  Lat.  44.  17.  N. 

Beauvoir,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Vendee.     7  miles  NW.  Challans. 

Beauvoir  fur  Noirt,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  two  Sevres.  7  miles 
S.  Niort. 

Beauvoir,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ifere.  15  miles  SW.  Grenoble, 
•and  6  ESE.  St.  Marcelin. 

Beauzat,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  4  miles  SW. 
Moniflrol. 

Beauzee,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meule.  9  miles  SSE.  Clermont 
en  Argonne,  and  13  SSW.  Verdun. 

Beauvais,  a  river  of  North-America, 
which  runs  into  lake  Michigan.  Long.  85. 
36.  W.  Laf.  43.  50.  N. 

Behr,  or  Bibeh,  a  toun  of  Egypt.  8  miles 
S.  Beniluef. 

Beheburg,  a  town  of  Ahatic  Turkey, in  the 
government  of  Diarbekir.    4  miles  W.  Orfa. 

Behenoiva,  a  tbvv'n  of  Polanti,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Braclaw.     14  miles  SE.  Braclaw. 

Beher,  a  river  of  Magdeburg,  which  runs 
into  tlie  Ohra.     4  miles  W.  Wolmirftadt. 

Bchra,  fee  Bihra. 

Bchrc,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Loire,  oppofite  Bourbon  Lancy. 

Bcc,{Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
■  partmentof  the  Eure.    25  m.WSW.  Rouen. 

Bt'c  Crcfpin,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lower  Seine.  9  miles  E. 
Havre. 

Ike  de  Marfoin,  a  peninfular  neck  of 
land,  on  the  north  coaff  of  St.  Domingo, 
which  extends  a  few  miles  into  the  iea. 
Long.  74.  27.  E.  Lat.  18.  36.  N. 

Becclei,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  SuflRjIkjOn  the  borders  of  Norfolk,  on  the 
liver  Wavenay,  witli  a  weekly  market  on 
Saturdays,  and  27 S8  inhabitants.    Jj  miles 


BED 

SW.  Yarmouth,  ij  S.  Norwich,  and  loS 
NNE.  London. 

Becede,  {La,)  a  town  of  France,  on  the 
Aude.  4  miles  N.  Caftelnaudary,  3  NNW. 
St.  Papoul. 

Becerril,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Leon.    10  miles  NW.  Palencia. 

Bechan,  a  river  of  North- Wales,  which 
runs  into  the  Severn.  3  miles  WSW.  Mont- 
gomery. 

Becbere  Gol,  a  lake  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Caramania.     40  miles  W.  Cogni. 

Bcckerel,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ille  and  Villaine.  9  miles  N. 
Montfort,  13  NW.  Rennes. 

Bechia,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Malway. 
35  miles  SSW.  Seronge. 

Bechkofen,  Cent,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  bifhoprick  of  Bamberg.  8  m.  S.  Bamberg. 

Bechhofen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Anfpach.  6  miles  N.  Waf- 
lertrudingen. 

Bechin,  a  city  of  Bohemia,  and  capital  of 
a  circle  to  which  it  gives  name.  It  was 
taken  and  burned  by  General  Boquoi,  in 
1619.  In  this  circle  there  are  feveral  medi- 
cinal fprings,  and  mines  of  fait,  and  fome 
gold  is  found  in  the  river  Lufchnitz  ;  it  was 
dreadfully  ravaged  in  the  thirty  years'  war. 
Bechin  is  iltuated  on  the  Lufchnitz.  50  m. 
S.Prague.  Long.  14.  i().Y..Lat.  49.  20.  N. 

Beckna,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Gurry 
Mundla.     15  miles  E.  Mundella. 

Beckem,ox  Beckiim,2.  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  biflioprick  of  Munrter,  fituated  on  the 
Werfe.  17  miles  SSE.  Munfler,  is  N. 
Lippftadt. 

Beckenreid,  fee  Beggenreid. 

Beckington,  a  town  uf  England,  in  Somer- 
feilliire.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants 
was  1469,  of  whom  76a  were  employed  in' 
trade  and  manufafture.     3  m.  SE.  Frome. 

Beekrampour,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Bahar.     13  niiles  NE.Chuprah. 

Becznva,  a  river  of  Moravia,  which  pafTes 
by  Meferitch. 

Bedague,  a  river  of  Sumatra,  which  runs 
into  the  flraits  of  Malacca.  Long.  98. 27.  E. 
Laf.  3.  40.  N. 

Bedakihan,  fee  Badakshan, 

Bedale,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  North 
Riding  of  the  county  of  York,  with  a  weekly 
market  on  Tuefdays,  and  about  1000  inhabi- 
tants. The  country  round  is  celebrated  for 
breeding  horfcs.  6  miles  from  Northaller- 
ton, 220  N.  London. 

Bedan,  a  Imall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  coafl  of  Qucda.  Lo>:g.  100.  6.  E. 
Z'T/'.  5.48.N. 

Bedaj.  ore,  fee  Bednore. 

Bedar,  a  village  of  Palefline,  anciently  a 
confidci-able  town,  which  v.as  granted  by 
Baldwin  1.  king  of  Jerufalem,  to  the  bifliop 
of  Bethlehem.    %  miles  Acre. 


BED 

Bcdarr'ides,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Vauclufe.  7  m.  SW.  Orange. 

BfJarrieux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dc- 
partment  of  the  Herault,  fituated  on  the 
Or'je ;  tlie  inhabitants  carry  on  a  manufac- 
ture of  druggets,  and  other  woollen  ftuifs. 
16  miles  N.  Beziers.  Long.  3. 15.  E.  Lat. 
43-3  7-N. 

Bed  at,  {Le,)  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  t!r^  Allier,  near  Montferanc!. 

Bedburg,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Roer,  on  the  Erfft.  14  miles  W. 
Coiogn,  20  NE.  Aix-!a-Chapelle.  Long.  6. 
22-  E\  Lat.  50.  55-'^- 

Beddapollam,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.     14  miles  W.  Gurramconda. 

BcdJer,  a  vale  of  Arabia,  where  the  Ko- 
reilh  were  defeated  by  Mahomet,  in  the  tirfl 
year  of  the  liegira.  40  miles  Mecca,  20 
Meciina. 

Beddigam,  a  town  of  Ceylon.  80  miles  S. 
Candi, 

Bede,  a  village  of  Egypt,  near  the  Red 
Sea,  where  good  water  is  found.  16  miles 
SSW.  Suez. 

Bedee,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ille  andVillaine,  and  diftrift  of 
Montfort.  10  miles  WNW.  Rennes,  and 
3  N.  Montfort. 

Beder,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  and  coun- 
try of  Dowlatabad,  in  the  Deccan  ;  large, 
well-built,  and  ifrongly  fortified  ;  celebrated 
for  the  number  and  magnificence  of  its  pa- 
godas. It  was  governed  by  an  independent 
prince,  till  the  year  1657,  when  it  was  taken 
by  Aurungzebe,  who  named  it  ZifFerabad. 
70  miles  W.  Warangola,  and  60  NW.  Hy- 
drabad.      Zc«^.  78.  a.E.  Lat.  17.48.N. 

Bederkefa,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Bre- 
men. 14  miles  NW.  Bremerford,  and  11  S. 
Otterndorf. 

Bedford,  a  town  of  England,  and  capital 
of  the  county  of  Bedford,  to  which  it  gives 
name,  fituated  on  the  Oufe :  it  contains  five 
churches,  three  on  the  north,  and  two  en  the 
fouth  fide  of  the  river ;  it  is  a  place  cf  con- 
iidsrable  trade,  which  is  much  afiifted  by  the 
river,  navigable  to  Lynn,  and  is  the  only 
market-town  of  the  county,  on  the  noi  ih  fide 
of  the  Oufe;  the  foil  about  it  is  fertile,  par- 
ticularly in  excellent  wheat.  The  corpora- 
tion confifts  of  a  mayor,  recorder,  two  bai- 
liffs, twelve  aldermen,  &c.  The  affizes  v/ere 
always  held  here,  except  in  the  year  1684, 
when  they  were  removed  to  Ampthill,  by  the 
intereft  of  theEarlof  Aylefbury,  its  recorder. 
This  place  was  famous  for  a  vi<5tory,  gained 
in  the  year  572,  by  Cuthwulf,  the  Saxon 
king,  over  the  Britons;  and  for  the  inter- 
■nient  of  the  great  king  Offa,  who  chofe  to 
have  his  bones  laid  in  a  fmall  chapel,  near 
the  river  Ouie,  which,  happening  to  over- 
flow, carried  tlujm  quite  away.  The  Danes 
once  deitroyed  this  town;  but  Edward  tlis 


BED 

Elder  repaired  it,  and  united  the  town  on  th« 
fouth  fide  of  the  river,  called  Mihf^iTfe,  to 
Bedford  on  the  north  fide  of  it;  fince  which 
they  have  both  gone  by  this  name.  After  the 
conquelf.  Pagan  de  Bcauchamp,  the  third 
baron  of  Bedfoid,  built  a  caille  here,  en- 
compalTed  with  a  mighty  rampart  of  earth, 
and  a  high  wall;  the  whole  io  Ifrong,  that 
King  Stephen,  who  bclieged  ;uid  to(>k  it  in 
his  war  with  the  Emprtls  Maud,  was  glad  to 
gram  the  garrifon  hcnoiirable  terms.  In  the 
barons'  wars,  it  was  again  befieged,  and  for 
want  of  relief,  taken  by  King  John's  forces, 
under  Fulco  de  Brent,  to  wliom  the  king 
gave  it  for  a  reward;  but  tor  his  lubfequci;t 
beliaviour,  he  took  it  from  him,  and  cauled 
it  to  be  demoliihed,  though  it  w^^s  not  quite 
level  till  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  The  place 
firftgave  title  of  Duke  totheviftorious  prince 
John  Plantagenet,  regent  of  France,  during 
the  minority  of  his  nephew,  Henry  VI.;  as 
it  did  in  the  reign  of  Edward  IV.  firfi:  to 
John  Nevil  marquis  of  Montacute,  and  then 
to  the  King's  third  fon, George  Plantagenet; 
but  he  dying  an  infant,  the  title  lay  vacant, 
till  Henry  VII.  created  his  uncle,  Jafper  Tu- 
dor, duke  of  Bedford,  vvho  alfo  died  v/ithout 
ifilie;  and  thus  far  it  is  very  remarkable,  that 
the  title  was  enjoyed  by  the  firft  pofleiroronly 
of  each  family.  ButKingEdu'ard  VI.  ma- 
king John  lord  RufTcll,  earl  of  Bedford,  the 
dignity  has  ever  fince  been  in  that  illufb'ious 
houfe,  vi/ith  an  advancement  or  it  to  the  title 
of  duke,  by  King  William  HI.  As  the  cor- 
poration is  very  ancient,  it  has  fent  reprefen- 
tatives  to  parliament,  from  the  earlieft  to 
the  prefent  time.  In  iSci,  the  number  of 
inhabimnts  was  3948,  of  whom  2221  were 
empioy.'d  in  trade  and  manufactures.  It  has 
two  markets  weekly,  viz.  one  on  Monday, 
chiefly  for  cattle,  held  in  the  fouth  part  of 
the  town;  the  otiier  on  Saturday,  for  cora 
and  provifions,  held  in  the  north  part  of  the 
town.  22  miles  SE.  Northampton,  and  50 
N.  London.    Lojg. o.  27: V/.  Lat.  52.  8.N- 

Bddford,  a  tov/nlhip  of  England,  in  Lan- 
caflfire,  near  Liverpool,  with  near  zcco  inha- 
bitants ;  the  greater  part  employed  in  ma- 
iiufaflures. 

Bedford,  a  town  of  Nev/-York,  in  the 
county  of  Vveft-Chefter.  34  miles  NNE. 
Nev.'-York.  Long.  73.40.W.  J, at.  41. 2r.N. 

Bedford,  a  feaport  town  of  Mafliichufets, 
on  a  river  which  runs  into  Buzzard's  bay. 
44  miles  S.  Bollon.  Long.  70.  jx.W.  Lai, 
41.34.N.  .  _        _ 

Bedford,  a  town  of  Virginia.  100  miles 
SW.  Richmond. 

Bedford,  a  town  of  Pennfylvania.  1C.5 
mile^W.  Philadelphia.  Long.  78.  33.  W. 
Lat.  40.  N.  ■  .^ 

Bedfordjhire,  a  county  cf  Engl.md, 
bounded  oh  the  nor  n  by  the  counties  of 
liuntin^dcr.  ^nd  Northampton,  en  tlie  talt 


BED 

by  Cimbridgefhire,  on  the  fouth  by  Hcrt- 
Ibrdfiiire,  and  on  the  weft  by  Bucktfigham- 
fiiire.  Dujing  the  Saxon  heptarchy,  it  form- 
ed a  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Mcrcia  ;  and 
when  Alfred  divided  the  kingdom  into  dif- 
ferent counties,  it  obtained  its  prefent  name. 
It  is  otherwifc  confidered  as  in  the  Norfolk 
circuit,  the  province  of  Cant-erbury,  and  dio- 
cefe  of  Lincoln.  The  form  is  oval ;  and 
extent  about  33  miles  long  from  north  to 
fouth,  20  broad  from  eaft  to  weft,  and  nearly 
145  in  circumference;  and  containing  an 
area  of  about  480  fquare  miles,  or  307,200 
acres.  In  nine  hundreds,  into  which  the 
county  is  divided,  there  are  124  pariihes, 
and  10  market-towns,  viz.  Bedford,  Ampt- 
hill,  Bigglefwade,  Dunftable,  Leighton- 
Buzzard,  Luton,  Potton,  Shcfl'ord,  Tud- 
dington,  andWoburn.  Agriculture,  manu- 
fadures,  and  connnerce,have  made  but  ver/ 
fmail  ftcps  towards  the  population  and  ge- 
neral improvement  of  this  county.  Of  the 
307,200  acres  contained  in  this  county,  from 
the  befl  eftimation,  it  will  not  be  very  much 
contrary  to  the  truth,  to  eftimate  68,ico 
acres  meadow,  pailure,  and  amble  land  •, 
21,900  acres  of  woodland;  and  217,200 
acres  of  open  or  common-fields,  common- 
meadows,  connnons,  and  waite-lands.  The 
face  of  the  country  is  in  general  varied  with 
Imall  hills  and  dales,  with  few  extenfive 
levels.  Towards ihe  Ibuth  the  land  is  hiily 
and  chalky;  on  the  well  fide  for  the  moll 
part  flat  and  fandy;  the  other  parts  arc  a 
deep  foil  and  clay.  The  principal  produc- 
tions of  Bedfordlhire,  are  corn  and  butter. 
In  fomc  parts  they  cultivate  woad  for  dyers  ; 
and  lu^ar  VVoburn,  they  dig  fullers-earth. 
The  principal  manufactures  are  thread  lace- 
making;  hats, baflvCts,andotherarticles  made 
of  ftruw.  In  1801,  the  population  was  af- 
cortamcd  to  be  6j„3(^:i,  of  whom  18,766 
were  employed  in  agriculture,  and  13,816  in 
trade  and  manufadures.  It  fends  four  mem- 
bers to  parliament,  viz.  two  fcr  the  county, 
and  two  fur  the  town  of  Bedford. 

Bedford  Level,  a  large  trad  of  land  of 
England,  in  the  county  of  Cambridge,  for- 
merly lull  of  fens  and  marflies,  and  in  rainy 
fcafbns  ior  tlic  moll  part  under  water,  but 
drained  at  the  cxpencc  of  4oo,oool.  by  the 
noble  fmiily  of  Rudel,  carls  and  dukes  of 
Bedford,  and  others,  by  which  \oq,qoo 
acie:.  of  good  land  have  been  broughtto  ule. 

Ltdiiisy  a  town  of  Minoiclui.  30  miles  E. 
Ifgr.ur. 

Ikdifohu  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  deparN 
mcni  of  liie  Bei;aco,  on  the  Chicfi.  7  miles 
\V. iJezenzauo. 

Bedka,  a  town  (^f  Euiopran  Turkey,  in 
Sfjvia.     30  miles  SxSW.  Belgrade. 

Bcdviir.jicr,  a  town  of  IS'cw  Jerfey.  12 
»iile'  SE.  McrrilUiwn, 

£tundt  tir  Bctbhil  Crceriy  one  oftlie  hani- 


B  E  D 

lets  of  the  parifh  of  Stepney,  now  corered 
with  houfes,  and  joined  to  London.  In  it  is 
the  noble  hofpital  of  the  Trinity-houfe,  for 
decayed  mafters  of  fliips,  or  pilots. 

Bednoye,  or  Blddanore,  a  country  of  Hin- 
dooflan,  lying  north-weft  of  the  Myfore 
country,  which  takes  its  name  from  the  ca- 
pital, Bednore. 

Bednorc,  a  city  of  Hindooftan,  and  capi« 
tal  of  a  diflrid,  north-well  of  the  Myfore 
country,  to  which  it  is  united.  This  was 
form.erly  the  capital  ofCanara,  and  is  repre- 
fented  as  a  fplendid  and  magnificent  city. 
When  Hyder  Ali  took  poireifion  of  Canara, 
he  changed  the  name  to  Hydernagur.  In 
1783,11  was  taken  by  the  Britiih,  under  Gen. 
Matthews,  with  immenfe  treafares  and  ftores 
of  every  kind ;  but  it  was  foon  after  inveiled 
by  Tippoo.  The  Britifli  troops  commanded 
by  General  Matt):ev."s,  reduced  to  ex- 
tremity, were  compelled  to  capitulate^  and 
reftore  the  public  treafare  to  the  fultan  ; 
but  not  a  rupee  was  found  in  the  for- 
trefs.  General  Matthews  was  charged  with 
collufion  and  a  dired  violation  of  his  treaty  ; 
and  being  condud^d  to  Seringapatam  in 
chains,  he  was  thrown  into  a  dungeon, 
where,  with  the  greatelt  part  of  his  officers, 
he  perillied  miferably.  140  miles  NW.  Se- 
ringapatam, and  330  SSE.  Bombay.  L:ng. 
74.  4S.E.  Lat.  13.  47.  N. 

Bed'jcd  Luke,  a  lake  of  North-America. 
Long.  109.  W.  Lat.  60.  20.  N. 

Bcdou,  a  town  of  Palellinc.  8  m.  NW. 
Jerufalem. 

Bediu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Vauclufe.     9  m.  NE.  Venafque. 

Bedouins,  wandering  Arabians,  who  rove 
from  place  to  place,  not  only  in  Ada,  but 
in  Egypt, and  other  parts  of  Africa,  wiih  their 
wives,  children,  and  cattle.  They  generally 
encamp  in  deferts,  near  water  and  pailure, 
for  the  advantage  of  feeding  their  horfes  and 
camels :  they  never  dwell  in  towns,  and 
avoid  places  where  they  are  in  danger  of  be- 
ing furprifed.  Their  hand  is  againft  every 
man,  and  every  man's  hand  is  agai nil  them. 
As  to  their  religion,  they  follow  the  dodvine 
of  Mahomet. 

Bedr,^  town  of  Arabia.  56  miles  SSW. 
Medina. 

Bedr  Hoimahi,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the 
province  of  Hedjas.     40  miles  SE.  Jumbo. 

Bedraviangcody,  a  town  of  Hindooftan, 
in  Myiore.     4c  miles  N.  Seringapatam. 

Bedre,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak.  27 
miles  NE.Shehrban. 

Bedrcckcne,  a  town  of  Egypt.  16  miles 
S.  Gizeh. 

Bi'drola,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Aragon.     24  miles  from  Sanguefa. 

Bedivin,  {Great  J,  a  town  of  England,  in 
the  county  of  Wilt:-,,  near  the  borders  of 
BcrkiUire.    It  is  fuid  lo  have  been  a  city  in 


BEE 


BEE 


the  time  of  the  Saxons,  but  is  now  very 
much  decayed :  it  is  however  a  borouc^h, 
lending  two  members  to  the  Britifli  parlia- 
ment. In  1801,  it  contained  1631  inhabit- 
ants. 6  miles  W.  Hungerford,  and  70  W. 
London.     Loiig.  i.  37.  W.    Lat.$i.  23.  N. 

Bedivorthy  a  town  of  England,  in  War- 
wickfliire,  which,  in  1801,  contained  3 161 
inhabitants,  employing  1848  in  trade  and 
manufactures.     4  miles  S.Nuneaton. 

Becast  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  miles  E. 
Nattore. 

Beeban,  a  narrow  pafs  through  a  rocky 
valley,  in  the  road  from  Algiers  to  Conftan- 
tina.  It  is  continued  for  above  half  a  mile 
under  two  oppofite  ranges  of  loftv  preci- 
pices. At  every  winding,  the  rocky  ftra- 
tum  that  originally  went  acrofs  it,  and  there- 
by feparated  one  part  of  this  valley  from 
another,  is  hewn  down  like  fo  many  door- 
cafes,  each  of  them  fix  or  feven  feet  wide, 
which  have  given  the  Arabs  occafion  to  call 
them  Beeban,  or  Gates  ;  whilll  the  Turks, 
in  confideration  of  their  flrength  and  rug- 
gednefs,  know  them  by  the  additional  ap- 
pellation of  Dammer  Cappy,  i.  e.  the  gates 
of  iron.  Few  perfons  pafs  through  them 
■without  horror;  a  handful  of  men  (and  the 
mailers  of  them  are  a  race  of  Ifurdy  fellows) 
being  able  to  difpute  the  paffage  with  a 
whole  army.  A  rivulet  of  fait  water,  which 
runs  all  along  this  valley,  might  lirft  point 
out  the  way  that  art  and  neceffity  would  af- 
terwards improve.     6  miles  N.  Accaba. 

Beech  Fork,  a  river  of  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  Rollmg  Fork,  L:^k^.  86.  i.W.  Lat. 

Beed,  a  town  of  Hmdooflan,  in  Guzerat. 
10  miles  NW.  Noanagur. 

Beedagiir,  a  town  ct  Hindooftan,  in  Gur- 
ry Mundla.     5  miles  W.  Gurrah. 

Beef  Ijlandt  a  fmall  ifland,  near  the  coafl 
of  America,  in  the  bay  of  Campeachy.  Long. 
93.  W.  Lat.  18.  20.  N. 

Beegygur,  a  town  'of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
fubah  of  Agra.     15  miles  NE.  Narwa. 

Beehpotir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
15  miles  N.  Fyzabad. 

Beejapour,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
12  miles  W.  Currah. 

Beelike,  fee  Beelick. 

Beebruil,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
fubah  of  Agimere.     15  miles  BuddaJcano. 

Bccljlk^vitZi-i.  tov/n  of  Pruffia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Oberland.  2om.S£.Marien\verder. 

Bcema,  a  river  of  Hindooftan,  which  riles 
in  the  v/eftern  Gauts,  on  the  borders  of 
Concan  ;  and  after  a  fouth-eafterly  diredion 
of  upwards  of  300  miles,  joins  the  Kiftnah, 
about  20  miles  W.  Rachore. 

Bee7)ijler,  a  great  drained  marfh  or  lake 
of  North  Holland.  It  was  formerly  a  large 
lake,  covering  a  great  extent  of  country, 
v.h!cb;by  theiuJuIliy  of  the  Iioi]indcr£,v/iiy 


have  drained  the  water,  is  converted  iato  ex- 
cellent pafture4 

Bce):d'A\iky  a  town  of  Bengal.    5  miles 
SE.  Burwa. 

Beer^  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar.  14 
miles  S.  Patna. 

Beer,  or  Beerjjck,  or  Bir,  or  Blradfekik, 
a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the  province 
of  Diarbekir,fuppofed  to  have  been  anciently 
called  Thiar  and  Barfample.  It  is  fituated  on 
the  fide  of  hills,  near  the  left  bank  of  the 
Euphrates;  the  great  plenty  of  waters  toge- 
ther with  thefinecountry  along  that  river,  and 
iflands  in  it,  make  this  place  very  agreeable. 
The  caffle  is  ftrong,  and  contains  a  collec- 
tion of  thofe  arms  and  weapons,  which  were 
ufed  before  the  invention   of  gunpowder ; 
there  are  many  bundles  of  arrows  with  iron 
points  of  different  fizes ;   to  fome  there  is 
a  fort  of  combuftible  matter,  of  brimftone 
and  other  things,  made  in  a  triangular  form, 
bound  in  a  pitce  of  cloth,  and  tied  on  the 
arrow,  near  the  point ;  this  being  lighted, 
was  fliot  from  the  bows,  in  order  to  fet  fire 
to  the   buildings   of  a  town.     They  had 
another  fort  of  long  arrow,  at  the  end  of 
which  iron  bottles  were  fixed  with  wires, 
filled  with  the  fame    combuftible  matter, 
which  being  fet  on  fire  were  fliot  from  their 
bows.    The  crofs  bows  are  about  fire  feet 
long  ;  the  bov/  itfelf  being  almoft  ftraight. 
There  are  feveral  large  iron   cafques,  and 
fome  coats  of  mail,  made  of  fmall  pieces  of 
thick  leather,  fewed  together  fo  as  to  make 
a  hoop ;  feveral  of  thefe  hoops  joined  to- 
gether formed  the  coat.     There  are    alio 
many  flings,  large  enough   to  throw  great 
balls  of  ftone  of  ?.   foot  diameter,  fome  of 
which  ftones  aie  in  the  caftle :  there  are 
cords  tied  to  the  flings,  fo  that  they  muft 
have    been    managed    by  fome    machine. 
Many  have  been  of  opinion  that  thefe  were 
ancient  Roman  weapons ;  and  ft  is  certain 
that  they  very  well  agree  widr  the  defcrip- 
tion  Ammianus  ISiarcellinus  gives  of  them; 
but  as  it  may  be  fiippofed  that  the  Romans 
brought  thefe  arms  to  the  greateft  perfec- 
tion, and  as  one  fees  on  the  arrows  many 
papers  wiah  Arabick  and  other  eaftern  lan- 
guages written  on  them,  it  may  be  reafonably 
concluded,   that  they  are   tfie  arms  whicJi 
happened  to  be  in  the  caftle  when  fire-arms 
were  firft  invented.     This  place  is  the  great 
paffage  over  the  Euphrates,  from  Aleppo  to 
Ourfa,  Diarbekir,  and  Perfia.      There  was 
formerly  a  trade  carried  on  from  Beer  to 
Bagdat  by  two  or  three  great    boats,  that 
v/ent  loaded  yearly  with  the  fame  merchan- 
dizes that  are  carried  from  Diarbekir      Here 
Soiirna;.  .^iiah  was  buried,  who  was  drowned 
in  th;,  E.  pi. rates  as  he  was  n.jking  an  expe- 
ditior.  into  Aiia  Minor.     ;-Jultan  Seiim  after- 
wards eiefted  a  m.onument  to  the  memory 
of  Soliman,  and  Abukekir,  one  of  the  fo.:? 


BEE 

expounders  of  the  koran.  60  miles  NE. 
Ak-ppo,  115  SW.  Diitvb.kir.  Long.  38.  E. 
Lat.  37.  N. 

Bee>  Ei/tir.,  a  town  of  Paleftine.  3  miles 
S.  Nazareth. 

Becra,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  province 
•ofNagpour,     30  miles  SSW.  Dueia.  Long, 

:%i,.  50.  E.   jL^/.,22.  33.N. 

Beeniljion,  fee  Bcrealjlon. 

Beercool,  a  town  of  Benn;al ,  in  the  province 
■of  Midnapour,  near  the  bay  of  Bengal.  47 
•miles  S  Midnapour. 

Besrgool,  a  town  of  Bengal.  25  miles  S. 
J*itlamow. 

Beerjick,  fee  Beer. 

Beeritig's  Bav,  a  hay  on  the  well  coaft  of 
rNortli-America,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 
■L'^ng.  221.  E.  Lat.s<).  18.  N. 

Bserhig's  JJloiid,  an  ifland  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  about  90  miles  long,  and  2- 
.1030  wide.  This  ifland  is  named  from  the 
■■-Ruffian  admiral  wlio  was  fliipwreck.d  on  it 
,in  Deccn-ber  1741,  having  been  dilcovered 
:the  year  before.  It  conhlls  of  a  range  of 
'bold  cliffs  and  hills  in  conformity  with  each 
other,  which  being  divided  by  a  great  num- 
ber of  vallies,  lying  ncith  and  louth,  feem 
to  rife  from  the  foa  like  one  Angle  rock.  The 
highcft  of  thefe  mountains,  however,  are 
•perpenclicularly  not  above  a  thoufand  fa- 
thoms in  height,  are  covered  with  a  yellow 
clay,  and  arc  much  rent  by  ftorms  and  wea- 
tlier.  'I'he  vallies  are  extremely  narrow. 
■'All  the  mountains  confift  of  granite,  except 
the  rows  that  Itand  neareft  the  fea,  which 
commonly  are  of  landftone,  and  not  unfre- 
quentlv  form  ftony  walls  exceedingly  fteep: 
in  tlK'le  mountains  there  are  likevvife  many 
ca\erns.  In  the  year  1741,  three  fliocks  of 
an  earthquake  were  perceived.  The  fur- 
nnmding  fca  is  not  covered  with  ice.  The 
cold  is  in  general  moderate  ;  notwithftand- 
ii:g  which  there  are  mountains  whereon 
tljcfnow  never  diffolves.  Neither  thunder 
nor  the  Aurora  Borealis  have  ever  been  ob- 
fcrvcd  here.  The  illand  has  iprings  of  ex- 
cellent water,  and  beautiful  cartarads.  Of 
anin-.als  there  arc  only  ice-foxes,  feals,  fca- 
bcars,  fea-lions,  fea-cows,  &c.  No  wood 
Rrows  here  ;  but  feveral  kinds  of  plants  are 
lecn.  The  ifland  is  uninhabited.  Long. 161,. 
11.  to  164. 12.  E.  Lat.^a,.  45.  to  56.  10.  N. 

Bfcriiigs  S/mrfs,  the  narrow  lea  between 
tiic  weft  coalt  of  North-America,  and  the 
tall:  coafl:  of  Alia.     39  miles  wide. 

Bccrvia,  a  town  of  Ilindooflan,  in  Bahar. 
9  miles  W.  Palamow. 

Bva-Ka-hiltici!,  a  town  of  Palciline,  pro- 
bablv  Becroth  of  the  Gibconiics.  16  miles 
NNVV.Jerufalcm. 

Bca-r,c,  a  country  of  Africa,  bounded  on 
the  uonh  by  Sahara,  on  the  call  by  Mailina, 
onthjl.Hith  byBanibara.  ar.d  on  the  welt 
by  Ludanur.     Walei  is  the  cuj^itul. 


BEE 

Beerpour,  a  town  of  Hindoofian,  in  Ba» 
hat,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Ganges.  15  m, 
SE.  Hagvpour. 

BeerjitigpoHf,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  io 
Oiide.     15  miles  NE.  Sultanpour, 

Beer-Jhll,  a  town  of  Algiers.  18  m.  SW. 
Conftantina. 

Beerivaldt,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  Pome- 
relia.     13  miles  NNVV.  Marienburg. 

Eei'r--walde^  fee  BaemvaUe. 

Bcejajlly't  a  river  of  Bengal,  which  runs 
into  the  Hooringotta,  Long  90.  8.  E.  Lat ^ 
22.  N. 

Bcefejjt  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Magde- 
burg.    4  miles  NW.  Connern. 

Bcefenjladt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Mansfield.     6  m  E.  Eifzleben. 

Beejliciv,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Uckermark  of  Brandenburg,  and  capital  of 
a  iorofhip  to  which  it  gives  name,  lituated 
on  the  Spree.  A  cloth  manufadture  is  car- 
ried on  in  the  town.  16  miles  SW.  Franc- 
'ort  on  the  Oder,  and  34  ESE.  Berlin.  Lo?ig. 
14.  15.  E.  Lat.^z.  II.  N. 

Beejl,  a  town  of  Holland,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Guelderland.  5  miles  SSW.  Cu- 
lemburg. 

Ecejkn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Lmgen.     7  miles  Sb£.  Lingen. 

BecJion,z  village  of  England,  in  Chefliire. 
Here  are  the  remains  of  an  ancient  calf  le, 
built  by  Ranulf  earl  of  Chefl:er,  about  the 
beginning  of  the  i3ih  century.  It  is  fituated. 
on  an  inlulated  rock,  and  was  defended  by 
extenfjve  walls  and  many  towers.  In  1643, 
it  was  garrifoned  by  parliament;  and  fur- 
prifed  by  the  royaliits.  8m.  W.  Nantwich. 

Beet  a  lung,  a  town  of  Bengal.  42  miles 
SW.Silhet. 

Beetoor,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Allaha- 
bad.    27  miles  N.  Corah. 

Befort,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftndf,  in  the  department  of  the 
Upper  Rhine,  ceded  to  France  by  the  lloule 
of  Aufliia,  in  the  year  1648,  at  the  treaty  of 
Wcffphalia.  It  was  fortified  by  Vauban. 
Tliere  are  feveral  forges  in  the  town,  in 
which  they  manufadurc  many  tons  of  ex- 
cellent iron.  3  pofls  and  a  half  NNW.  Po- 
rentrui,  15  and  a  half  SSW.  Strafburg,  and 
50  and  three  quarters  E. Paris.  Loiig.6. si- 
E.  Lat.  47.  38.  N. 

Bcga,  or  I'ega,  a  riverof  Germany, which 
runs  into  the  Werra,  4  miles  NW.  Lemgo, 
in  the  circle  of  Weffphafia. 

Bcgii,  or  Fega,  (La),  a  town  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo.  ic8  miles  ESE.  Cape  Fran- 
^aife. 

Bega,  or  Beb',  a  river  of  Hungary,  which 
runs  into  the  Temcs,  at  Temefvar. 

Bcgan?u'e,  or  Bagy.e:nie,  a  country  of 
Africa,  fituated  o  the  eaft  of  Calhna,  and 
louth  of  Bornou.  Zs//^.  ao.  to  S5.E.  Lat, 
15.  1017.  30.  N. 


B  E  H 

Bfgarmfe,  fee  Mefna. 
B^garra,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caf- 
tile.     12  miles  Alcanz. 
Begheitn,  fee  Berfaheci. 
Begeepouri  a  town  of  llindocftsn,  in  Al- 
lahabad.    I J  miles  W.  Ciirrah. 

Bcgemder,  a  province  of  Abvfli'^ia,  Htu- 
atcd  to  the  noi-tli-c<lt  of  Tigic.  This  pro- 
vince is  remarkable  for  the  gocjuncfs  of  its 
foldiers,  and  the  number  i^f  hjrfemen  w  .ii.h 
can  be  railed.  In  many  proviiices  favour  is 
only  ne.-effary  to  procure  the  gjv  in  vent ; 
bat  the  conl-qucnce  of  Be^iemder  is  fo 
great,  thfct  none  but  noblemen  of  rank,  fa- 
mily, and  charafler,  nbleto  maintain  a  great 
runiber  of  troops,  a^e  eutiufled  wltn  the  go- 
vernmen*-. 

Beggeu)  led.  a  vilJ.'.ge  of  Helvetia,  in  the 
cantor  of  Uriuerwalden,  celebrated  for  its 
cheef '.  Ai  this  place  the  foui  cantons  of 
U. '  Schwitz,  Underwalden,  and  Zug;  meet 
from  time  to  tin'C  on  affairs  co;i-mon  to  tnem 
all.  6  miles  from  Stantz. 
Pe^-r,  ite  Fej  r. 

Bighriy  a  mountain  of  Ana*-'C  Turkey, 
nern  '  lie  Euphr^ti  >.     lo  miles  N  A'.  Naufa. 

Beghni,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
ofTuni^;.     igniilevNW   Gabs. 

Be'ikc'-ve,  a  t;.wn  of  3o!-,emin,  in  the  eli- 
de (if  Boleilaw.     3  n'>^es  W.  Mtlnik. 

B.-'l'.aifthj  a  tO'Ti!  'fAfiatic  Tii:kcy,  in 
Car.  :iania,     8  miiis  N.  Ku-iliehr. 

Begonx),  a  fnidl!  ifland  in  the  Eailern-In- 
diap  8e>i,  a  little  to  the  weftofNaffau  ida.id. 
L,o  g.  ()().  ^o.^.  Lat.  2-  "i"^' 

Begr-iiw,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
don-  .i.'Caflina.     200  miles  N.  Caflina. 

B  -'aniber/,  a  town  of  Aultria.  3  miles 
£.St  yr.      ^ 

Bt'hawkirchcn,  a  town  of  Auftria.  6  miles 
SE.  St.Polten. 

Behara-t  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Guze- 
rat     35  milc^  E.  Suiat. 

Behat,  or  Chc'luui,  a  river  of  Afia,  in  the 
country  of  the  Seiks,  which  runs  into  the 
Chur.aub,  14  milos  S  Koofliaub.  It  was  on 
the  banks  of  this  river,  then  called  Hydafpes, 
that  Alexander  defeated  Porus. 

Behaur-igur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Lahore,     t,^  miles  W.  Nagorcote. 

Bcherak,  a  town  of  Hinduoflanj  in  Lahore. 
18  miles  NE.  Koofliaub. 

Behc-rtii,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  ao 
miles  NNE.  Bagdat. 

Behefr.a,  a  fortrefs  of  Syria,  between 
Aleppo  and  Malatia,  which  was  taken  by 
Tinu'.r  Bee;,  in  1400. 

Beliu,  a  town  of  Egypt.  1 7  miles  S.  Abu 
Glrc,c. 

Bchker,  a  difl:rl(5t  of  India,  in  the  fouthern 
part  of  Moultan,  fituated  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
the  Indus. 

Behki'-^t  or  Bhakor,  a  town  of  India,  and 
capital  of  a  country  to  which  it  -gives  name, 


B  E  I 

fituated  on  an  ifland  in  the  river  Indus.   T45 
■    miles  S.  Moultan,  ;o4  W.  Agimere.    Lcng, 
70.  I.  E.  Lat.  27.  30.  N. 

Be.'.'lulia,  a  town  of  Syria.  4on)ilesSW. 
Aleppo. 

Behw's  Canal,  a  channel  of  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  which  feparates  the  ifland  of 
Revilla  Gigedo  from  the  weff  coaft  of 
Noith-Anierica;  50  miles  in  length  from  the 
fouth  entrance,  between  Point  Alava  and 
Point  Sykes,  to  the  northern  extremity  be- 
tween Point  Whalleyand  Point  Fitzgibboa. 

Bc'bnbur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  La- 
hore. 72  miles  N.  Lahore.  Long.  72.  1$. 
E.  Lat.  32.  16.  N. 

-Behnefe,  a  tov/n   of  Egypt,  in  the  Kalits- 
il-Mcnhi.     ID  miles  N  W.Abu  Giige, 

Behorr^,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Bourro.     Long.  126.  23.  E.    Lai, 

3.  21.  N. 

Behpmir,  a  town  ofB.ngal.  9  miles  N. 
Boglipwi.r. 

BebrouTi  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  32  miles 
E.  Sehau;  uiipour. 

BehtajW  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Baglana. 
24  .i.ilcsS.  Damaan. 

Be.hut,  a  town  ofHindooftan,  in  MaKva, 

on  the  Betwha.    21  m-les  NNE.  Chandaree, 

128  S.Agra.  /,(?«_§•.  78.  56.  E.  Lai. z^.S.N. 

Btfhi',  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  cir- 

car  of  Gohud.     21  miles  SW.  Gwalior. 

Behmigen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  H'.nncberg.  4  miles  W.  Romhild. 

Beja,  CY  Bexa,  a  city  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Alentejo,  the  fee  o*^a  bifhop,  fuf- 
iragan  of  Compoftcllo;  near  the  lake  of  the 
fame  name,  famous  for  an  excellent  fpecies 
of  fifh,  which  they  fry  makes  a  noife  before 
rain  anc'  lonipefts.  Bcjais  an  ancient  town, 
and  was  by  the  Romans  called  Pax  Juiiai 
72  miles  SSE.  Lifbon.  Long.  7.  50.  W. 
i.^/.38.N. 

Beja,  fee  Bay] ah, 

Beiad,  or  Beyadie,  a  town  of  Egypt,  tlic 
retreat  of  a  band  of  Chnftians,  whom  Cap- 
tain Norden  took  for  highwaymen.  24  miles 
ENE.  Benifuef. 

Bejagtir,  a  circar  of  Hindoofta::,  in  the 
north  part  of  Candeifh,  between  the  Ncr- 
buddah  and  the  Taptee  ;  about  150  miles  in 
length,  and  from  20  to  36  broad. 

Bejaiiy  a  town  ofCurdiftan.  65  m.E.ErblL 

^^'.'7r,atownof  Spain,inEftramadura,the 
capita:  of  a  dutch  y,  fituated  in  a  fertile  valley, 
furrounded  with  mountains,  which  are  always 
covered  with  fnow.  It  has  two  niedicin?!l 
fprings,  one  hot,  die  other  cold,  ufed  for 
drinking  and  bathing,  and  much  celebrated 
for  their  virtues.     10  miles  N.  Coria. 

Bcjaren,  a  linall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern- 
Indian  Sea.  30  miles  N.  from  Gilolo.  Long, 
125.  10.  E.  Lat.  I.  57.  N. 

Bekhlingen,  a  citadel  of  Genttanv,  in 
ThuriDgia.    6  miles  SW.  VVieke. 


BET 


BAN 


Bddclfpach,  fee  Beutclfpach. 

Bcihagur.,  a  town  of  Ilindooflan,  in  Gu- 
zcrat.    20  miles  NE.Damaun. 

Beilaiiy  fee  Bay  Ian. 

Bdilipi  a  town  of  Walachia.  5  miles  NW. 
RalTovat. 

Bcillamie,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partnient  of  the  Lower  Alps.  7  miles  SW. 
Forcalquier. 

Beilngries,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifhopric  ofAichftadt,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Altniuhl  and  the  Souk.  16  miles  N.  Ingol- 
Ibdt,  and  16  NE.  Aichlfadt.  Long.  11.  27. 
E.  Z^^.48.58.  N. 

Bsilorcy  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  Myfore. 
6  miles  S.  Bednore. 

Beiljinagury  a  town  of  Bengal.  28  miles 
SE-  Doefa. 

BsUJldn,  a  town  ofGermany,  and  capital 
of  a  lordfnip  to  which  it  gives  name,  in  the 
priocipiility  of  Naffau-Diilenburg.  5  miles 
S.  Dillenburg. 

Beilftein,  a  town  ofGermany,  and  capital 
of  a  iordfhip,  belonging  to  the  prince  of 
Kafliiu-Orange-Dietz ;  which  paid  128  flo- 
rins for  a  Rom  in  month.  12  m.  NW.Wetz- 
hxy  35  ENE.  Coblcntz.  Long.  S.  11.  E. 
LitL  50.  31.  N. 

BeHJiein,.  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle.  Before 
tlie  French  revolution  it  gave  name  to  an 
imperial  lordiKip,  intheeledtorate  of  Treves, 
wiiieb,  with  Winnenburg,  paid  12  florins 
for  a;  Roman  month,  and  8  rix-dollars  10 
kreutzers  to  the  chamber  of  Wetzlar.  22 
miks  SW.  Cobientz.  LoJig.  t.Z.'E..  Lat. 
5c.  8.  N. 

Beiljlemy  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  which 
fbrmerly  had  counts  of  its  own,  In  1643, 
it  was  plundered  by  the  Duke  of  Weimar  ; 
and  in  16.93,  it  was  burned  by  the  French. 
H  milesN.  Stuttgart.     Long.  9.  25.  E.  Lat. 

Belhil,  a  town  of  Abyffinia,  on  the  coaft 
of  the  Red  Sea.    Lo7igi  i,z.  E.  Lat.  14.  N. 

Bilnac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
mtRt  of  Correze.    8  miles  S.  Tulle. 

hytnerJIaJt,  a  town  ofGerm;iny,  in  the 
comity  of  Iknncberg.  5  miles  SW.  Schleu- 
Cngen. 

ilcinL'im,  vl  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Rhine,  formerly  be- 
longing to  the  Marggrave  of  Baden.  10 
miles  NE.  Haguenau,    20  NNE.  Strafburg. 

Be-nigkamsn^  a  town  of  Prufllan  Lithua- 
nia.    12  miles  N.  Pilkallen. 

Bfivfiirig,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Wurzburg.  3  miles  NW. 
Arnfttin. 

B:!ra,  a  province  of  Portugal,  tlie  third 
in  mr.k,  and  lirit  in  fizc,  being  nearly  ninety 
mics  Ujiiare.  It  is  divider  into  fix  juril- 
d.dions,  called  Coniarcas ;  bounded  on  the 
TLT-h  by  the  provinces  of  'I'ru-los-JMoiitcs, 


nnd  Entre-Duero-e-Minho,  on  the  eaft  by 
Spanifli  Eflramadura,  on  the  fouth  by  Por- 
tuguele  Eftramadura,  and  on  the  weft  by  the 
Atlantic.  The  land  is  exceedingly  fertile 
in  corn  and  fruit.  The  principal  cities  and 
towns  are  Coi'mbra,  Lamego,  Gu;irda,  Idan- 
ha,  Aveirc,  Ovar,  Buarcos,  Caftel-Rodrigo, 
Cartel  Branco,  and  Vifcu;  the  three  former 
are  epifcopal  cities.  The  militia  of  this  pro- 
vince compofe  8  regimentsof  looomen  each» 

Beiragiir,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  Oriflii. 
14  miles  WNW.Boad. 

Beirut,  fee  Bairout. 

Beijhehriy  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  va. 
Caramania.  116  miles  SE.Kiutajah.  Lor.g^ 
32.  13.  E.  Z^if.  37.46.  N. 

BeiJJons,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Tunis,  where 
fome  ancient  Roman  infcriptions  have  been 
found.     I  mile  S.  Tuberfoke. 

Beijfust  a  town  of  Egypt.    4  m.  N.  Cairo. 

Bfijiin,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  the  province 
of  Natangen,     26  miles  S.  Konigfberg. 

Beit,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  province  of 
Irak.     15  miles  E.  Jefd. 

Beit-Giala,  fee  Boticelli. 

Beit  Sahnr,\.<t.  the  Village  of  Shephsnh^ 
a  village  of  Paleftine,  near  Bethlehem,  faid 
to  be  the  place  where  the  fliepherds  lived,  to 
whom  the  angels  brought  the  glad  tidings 
of  the  birth  of  Christ. 

Beit  Ahuf array  a  town  of  Arabia.  24  m» 
NNE.  Wadeij. 

Beit  el  Adkaviy  a  town  of  Arabia.  40  m. 
W.  Sana. 

Beit  el  Fakih,  a  city  of  Arabia,  in  the 
country  of  Yemen,  in  a  fituation  well  adapted 
for  trade,  being  only  half  a  day's  journey 
from  the  hills  where  the  coffee  is  gathered, 
and  the  beft  is  brought  there,  which  the  mer- 
chants fend  to  Loheia,  Hoheida,  and  Mocha, 
for  exportation.  This  trade  brings  the  mer- 
chants from  Egypt,  Syria,  Perfia,  and  India. 
It  is  the  relldence  of  a  Dola,  whofe  jurifdic^ 
tion  extends  over  a  conhderable  diflridf.  1% 
m.  N.  Mocha,  30  ESE.  Hodeida.  Latig. 
43.  12.  E.   Lat.  14.  31.  N. 

Beit  el  Kadi,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the 
country  of  Yemen.     34  miles  N.  Chamir. 

Beit  el  Nauvi,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the 
country  of  Yemen.     24  miles  SE.  Sana. 

Beit  Ihn  Safan,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the 
country  of  Yemen.     28  miles  SSE.  Saade. 

Beit  Itin  Meri,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the 
country  of  Yemen.     38  miles  N.  Chamir. 

Beit  Ihn  Nafr,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the 
country  of  Yemen.     34  miles  N.  Chamir. 

Beit  Rodsje,  a  to\vn  of  Arabia,  in  the" 
country  of  Yemen,     24  miles  SE.  Sana. 

Beit  Ihn  Shn/sl:ar,-d  town  of  Arabi;i,  in  the 
country  of  Yemen.     28  m.  E.  Abu-Arifch. 

Beit  il  Toha,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the 
country  of  Yemen.    28  miles  S.  Taade. 

Beit  el  IPVil,  a  town  of /.rabia,  in  ^he 
country  of  Yemen.    3  miles  N.  Denn. 


EEL 

^L'ith,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the  county 
of  Ayr.  About  the  time  of  the  union,  the 
linen  trade  was  introduced,  and  liouriflied 
here  for  fome  time.  In  1730,  that  bufinefs 
was  fucceeded  by  a  trade  in  hnen  yarn,  and 
the  cultivation  of  flax,  which  is  now  confi- 
derable.  The  gauze  and  muflin  manufac- 
ture has  likewife  been  introduced.  There 
is  a  weekly  market  on  Fridays.  In  i8or, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  3103,  of 
whom  1604  were  employed  in  trade  and 
manufaftures.  8  miles  N.  Irvine,  and  7  SW. 
Paifley. 

Bejura,  a  town  of  Bengal.  32  miles  NE. 
Rangaraatty. 

Bekenj-cid,  a  town  of  the  Helvetian  repub- 
lic, in  the  canton  of  Unterwalden.  4  miles 
KE.  Stantz. 

Bekaner,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  and  capi- 
tal of  Bekar,  near  the  right  bank  of  the 
Ganges.  70  m.  ESE.  Delhi,  75  NNE.  Agra, 

Bcki,  a  river  of  Hungary,  which  runs  into 
the  Temes,  near  Temefvar. 

Bekar,  a  circar  of  Hindooftan,  fituated  to 
the  north  of  the  Dooab,  on  each  fide  of  the 
Ganges.     Bekaner  is  the  chief  town. 

Bekia,  Bekouya,  or  Beqiiia,  one  of  the 
fmaller  Weft-India  iflands,  among  the  Gre- 
nadilles,  called  by  the  French  Little  Marti- 
Tiico.  It  has  a  fafe  harbour,  but  no  frefh 
water ;  and  is  principally  vifited  by  the 
inhabitants  of  Grenada  and  St.Vincent's,  for 
the  purpofe  of  catching  turtle.  The  foil  pro- 
duces wild  cotton-trees,  and  water  melons, 
in  plenty.  60  m.  NE.  Grenada,  99  WSW. 
Barbadbes. 

Baking,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mofelle,  on  the  Sarre.  5  miles 
NNW.  Sar-Louis. 

Bikio,  or  Bequio,  a  large  ifland,  formed  by 
the  divided  ftream  of  the  river  Senegal, 
about  50  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Bskuh  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Canara,  ceded  to  England  in  1799. 
25  miles  S.  Mangalore. 

Bi'labre,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Indre.  6  miles  SE.  Le  Blanc  en 
Berry,  24  SW.  Chateauroux.  Long.  1.  14. 
E.    Lat.  ^b.  33.  N. 

Bdad  Allah,  a  province  of  Africa,  in  the 
country  of  Fungi,  eaft  ot  Gherri. 

Bdad  Arahi,  a  town  of  ]>fubia,  on  the 
Jtsile.     160  miles  SSW.  Syene. 

Bclah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  miles  S. 
Curruckpour. 

Belalcacar,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Andalufia,  on  the  frontiers  of  Eftra- 
niadura.     35  miles  NN\V.  Cordova. 

Belalgur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bag- 
lana.     10  miles  SE.  Damaun. 

Belamont,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Katolia.     16  miles  N.  ?r1agnifa. 

Belarno,  a  town  of  the  Helvetian  republic, 
Ki  theballiwickof Luganc.  4m.NE.  Lugano. 


BEL 

BcJaft,  a  town  of  the  Tyrolefe.  8  miles 
W.  Bolzano. 

Bdaf.o,  or  Bdagglo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  department  of  the  Lario,  on  a  projecting 
point  in  lake  Como.     13  m.  NNE.  Como. 

Bdaspour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Sirgooja.     28  m.  NE.  Odeypour. 

Belanvn,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Sooloo  Ar- 
chipelago.    Za;/^.  121.57.  E.   Lat.6.5.1^. 

Bday,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  La*.  5.  45.  S. 

Belayc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot,  and  diftricl  ofLauzerte. 
3  miles  SE.  Puy  I'Eveque. 

Belba,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  coail  of 
the  Mediterranean.     18  miles  E.  Tineh. 

Belbaii,  Tiiown  of.Kurdiftan.  ^^  miles  E» 
Erbil,  45  N.  Shcrezur. 

Bdbeis,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Kalits 
abu  Meneggi,  anciently  called  Buhajliwt', 
and  at  one  time  a  fortrefs  againft  Syria.  la 
ii64,it  ftood  a  vigorous  iiege  againft  Amu- 
rath,  and  contained  wealth  enough  to  em- 
ploy three  days  in  the  plunder.  It  now 
contains  about  800  families ;  and  in  1798,  it 
was  fortified  by  Bonaparte,  againft  the 
Turks,  i^  miles  NE.  Cairo,  45  NW.  Suez. 
Z,?;;^.  31.5c.  E.     Z/^/.  30. 15.  N. 

Belbo,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  rifes  about 
i  miles  E.  Ceva,  and  runs  into  the  Tanaro, 
6  miles  SW.  Alexandria. 

Balbtich,  a  town  of  Pomerania.  i  mila 
NE.  New  Treptow. 

Belcaire,  atownof  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aude.     10  miles  SW.  Quilian.  \ 

Bdcajlro,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra;  the  native  place  of  the  celebrated 
Aquinas,  and thefeeofabiftiop.  lom.NE.St 
Severina.     LoJig.  17.  3.  E.  Lat.  39.  5.  N. 

Bekhers,  a  clufter  of  iflands  in  Hudfon's 
bay.    Lo7:g.  80.  Zj-  W.  Lat.  56.  10.  N. 

Belchertoji,  a  town  of  Maflachufets.  iz 
miles  NE.  Springfield. 

Bddute,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Aragon.     20  miles  S.  SaragolTa. 

Bdcofs,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  on  the 
Jumna.    4c  miles  W.  Allahabad. 

Belaichy,  a  town  of  Bengal.  54  miles 
NNW.  Dacca,  125  NE.  Calcutta.  Lc,>:g. 
89.  48.  E.  Lat.  24.  20.  N. 

Bdcz,  fee  Bdz.  . 

Bddea,  a.  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
17  miles  SSE.  Boglipour. 

Beldek,  a  tov/n  ot  Hungary.  15  miles  S. 
Zatmor. 

Bddirau,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  ia 
Caramania.     28  miles  S.  Cogni. 

Bdebeev,  a  town  of  Ruilia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Upha,  on  the  Dema.  60  miles  SW. 
Upha,  880  ESE.  Peterft)urg.  Long.  54.  14. 
E.  L«r.  54.  N. 

Bd.'d,  or  Ejli  Moful,  u  e.  Old  Moful,  a 
town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the  government 
of  Diarbckir.     21  n^lcsNNW.  Moilil. 


BEL 

Bdcd  Kerun,  or  Billet  Carooit,  ,1  Ijeap  of 
ruins  in  Ep;vpt,  fiiuated  near  the  Birket  1} 
Kerun,  or  lake  Maeris.  Mr.  D'Anviiie  iup- 
poics  an  ancient  Dionyfius,  orBanchis,llood 
here.  Dr.  Pocock  iiiys,  this  no  doubf  is  the 
fpotof  the  famous  labyrinth,  which  llcrcdo- 
tii.s  fays  was  built  by  the  i%  kings  of  Egypt, 
■when  the  government  was  divided  into  la 
parts,  as  (b^many  palaces  for  them  to  meet  in 
to  tranfaa  affairs  of  ftaLe  and  religion.  Di- 
odorus  incniions  that  it  was  built  as  a  f^pul- 
chre  forMendes;  and  Strabo,  that  it  wasnear 
the  fepulchre  of  the  king  that  built  it,v/hich 
was  probably  Imande:,  perhaps  tb.efama  as 
Mendes,  whofe  fepulchre  he  afterwards 
£iys  was  here  ;  and  he  is  laid  to  be  the  king 
tliat  built  the  labyrinth.  Pomponius  Mela 
fpeaks  of  it  as  built  by  rfammnicus  ;  but  as 
Menes  or  Imandes  is  mentioned  by  feveral, 
pofiibly  he  might  be  one  of  the  twelve  kings 
of  greatefk  intluence  and  authority,  who 
might  have  the  chief  ordering  and  direction 
of  this  great  building;  and  as  a  peculiar 
honour,  might  have  a  iepulchre  apart  from 
the  others.  But  whoever  was  the  founder 
of  this  extraordinary  fabrick,  they  all  agree 
that  the  twelve  palaces  contained  in  them 
three  thouland  rooms,  half  of  them  under 
ground,  without  doubt  cut  out  of  the  rock, 
as  thofe  at  Thebes.  Tliere  was  no  wood 
throughout  the  whole  building  ;  and  the  en- 
trances and  rooms  were  contrived  in  fuch  a 
manner  as  that  it  would  be  impofiible  for  a 
firanger  to  lind  liis  way  out ;  and  liich  an 
extraordinary  building  it  was,  that  it  is  ikid, 
that  Dfcdalus  came  to  Egypt  on  purpofe  to 
lee  it,  and  built  the  labyrinth  in  Crete  for 
King  Minos  on  the  model  of  this.  Hero- 
dotus, with  great  admiration,  faw  the  upper 
ilory  of  the  labyrinth,  he  not  being  permit- 
ted to  go  into  the  under-ground  apartments, 
where  were  the  tombs  both  of  the  kings  who 
fcuiltthe  l.ibyrinth,  and  of  the  facred  croco- 
diles. The  whole  building  was  covered 
with  flnne,  douUiels  laid  on  the  many  pil- 
lars that  were  in  it ;  and  it  was  adorned 
throughout  with  tlie  fmeft  fculpturcs.  s6 
miles  W.  Eaiuum. 

Bchd  Moujh,  li^e  Anncni. 

Belekis,  a  towu  of  Selavonia.  10  miles 
K\V.  Belgrade. 

Ihkjn,  a  town  of  Portugiil,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Elframadura,  on  the  north  litle  of 
the  Tagus,  with  a  confiderable  monaltery, 
and  a  royal  palace.  In  the  church  many 
kings  and  princci  of  the  blood  have  been 
interred.     3  miles  W.  Lilhon. 

Hc'lifKyTi  town  of  North-America,  in  New 
Isiavarrc.     180  uuks  N  vV.  Cinaloa. 

JiJmii,  or  L\iJff?.',  ii  tvAvn  of  (Jermanv,  in 
tilt  circle  of  Weilpi.alia,  and  bifnopric  of 
Oln.ibruck.     3  miles  E.  Olhabruck. 

/ielc/i.;  a  fortrefj;  ot  thcTyiukic,  between 
Rovertdo  <ind  Trent. 


BEL 

Bc'Ie;:!,  a  tov/n  of  New  Mexico,  in"the  pro- 
vince of  Hiaqui,  on  the  river  Hiaqui.  64  ra, 
SVv\  Ricchico. 

Belevi,  a  river  of  Veragua,  difcovered  by 
Columbus,  who  wifhed  to  form  a  fettlement 
on  its  banks ;  but  the  ungovernable  difpo- 
fition  of  his  followers  rendered  his  defgn 
impracticable. 

Bflevi,  fee  Para. 

Beiej/ipfan,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia.  60 
miles  E.  Termed. 

Bclctiger,  a  town  of  Canada,  on  the  right 
bank  of  St.  Tawrence.  Long.  70.  16.  W. 
Lat.  4j.  6.  N. 

Be/er,  fee  Balis. 

B<f/efe,  a  river  of  Perfia,  which  runs  into 
the  Heermund,  in  the  province  of  SegeflaD, 
15  miles  SW.  Giarura. 

Bc'le/er,  a  town  of  Paleftine.  14  miles  N. 
Jeruialem. 

B^/la,  or  Bekjlat,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Aude.  14  miles  SW. 
Linioux,  10  W.  Quilan. 

Belez,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  New  Grenada. 

Belez,  a.  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Mediterranean,  between  Barcelona  and 
Tarragona. 

Belfajl,  a  town  in  the  county  of  Antrim, 
and  chief  feaport  in  the  north  of  Ireland, 
on  the  river  Lagon,  which  opens  into  a  bay 
or  arm  of  the  fea,  called  Belfaji  Lough,  or 
Carrkkfcrgiis  Bay.  As  this  part  of  Ireland 
was  not  fubdued  till  the  time  of  James  I.  fo 
this  place  was  far  from  being  confiderable 
till  in  the  next  reign  ;  the  Earl  of  Stafford 
made  a  purchafe  ot  the  cufioms  in  the  bay, 
which  had  been  anciently  granted  to  the 
town  of  Carrickfergns,  and  even  after  this 
town  throve  at  the  expence  of  the  other. 
In  1682,  the  bridge  was  begun  over  the  river, 
and  finiflied  at  the  joint  expence  of  the 
counties  of  Down  and  Antrim.  Many  cir- 
cumflances  have  contributed  to  render  this 
a  large,  l^ouriihing,  and  populous  place. 
The  country  about  it  is  well  peopled,  and 
well  cultivated  ;  the  bulk  of  the  inhabitants 
are  Proteflants,  and  very  induftrious,  and  its 
fituation  is  commodious  for  trade  ;  veilelsof 
2C0  tons  can  come  uji  to  the  quay  half 
l.iden.  In  1791,  it  contained  3107  houles, 
and  t!?,;,2o  fouls.  It  is  with  regard  to  fize 
the  fifth,  and  with  refpeft  to  commerce  the 
fourth,  if  not  the  third  town  in  the  kingdom. 
Tiiere  are  upwards  of  700  looms  in  it,  em- 
ployed in  cotton,  cambric,  fail-cloth,-  and 
linen;  thefe  manufaflures,  with  others  of 
g'al's,  fl'gar,  and  earthen-ware,  the  exports 
of  linen  and  provifions,  and  a  confiderable 
trade  wiih  the  Wcfl-lndies,  America,  and 
Scotland,  have  rapidly  increafed  its  import- 
ance. Bclfalf  fends  one  member  to  the  im- 
perial parliament.  76  m.  N.Dublin,  50  ESE. 
Londonderry.  Lof.'g.yso.W.Lai.^^.^^.^. 


BEL 

Belfctjl  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  poan:  of  f.Taln, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Pemiffiikquewakea. 
LoHir.  68.  47.  W.  Lat.  44.  ^^^  N. 

Bclford,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Nortluimberland,  in  the  road  from  Lon- 
don to  Edinburgh  ;  it  has  a  weekly  market 
on  Tucfdays  In  1801,  the  number  of  inha- 
bitants 901,  of  whom  484  w^ere  employed  in 
manufadures.  15  miles  N.  Alnwick,  15  S. 
Berwick,  319  N.London. 

Belforte,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Parma.    19  miles  SSW.  Parma. 

Belforte,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
marquifate  of  Ancona.  10  miles  NE.  Ca- 
merina.     l,ong.  13.  20.  E.  Lat.  4;,.  7.  N. 

Belgar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Allaha- 
bad.    13  m.  NE.  Raat. 

Bclgard,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Upjjer  Saxony,  which  gives  name  to 
a  circle  in  the  dutchy  of  Pomerania,  htuated 
on  the  Pcrfante,  and  noted  for  its  market 
for  horfes.  It  is  a  very  ancient  town,  but 
we  find  no  certain  account  of  it  till  the  nth 
century.  It  was  heretofore  very  (^onfider- 
able,  both  for  number  and  valour  of  inhabi- 
tants, but  has  been  a  great  fufferer  by  wars 
and  conflagrations. "  In  1506,  it  was  burnt  to 
the  ground ;  the  houfes  were  foon  rebuilt, 
but  not  with  their  former  grandeur,  and  no 
fooner  was  the  tower  of  the  re-edified 
church  up,  than  it  was  thrown  down  by 
lightning.  The  like  fate  happened  in  1562, 
and  1564.  38  miles  NW.  New  Stettin,  40 
E.Caiiimin.  Long.  i£. ^^o.E. Lat. s 3- s()-'N. 

Belgentier,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Var.     8  miles  N.  Toulon. 

Belger,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Ca- 
ramania.     r  j  miles  S.  Erkeli. 

Belgern,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  marg- 
gravate  of  MeifTen,  (ituated  on  the  Elbe. 
id  miles  NW..  Drefden,  24  NW.  Mcilfcn. 
Long.  13.8.  E.  Lat.  51.  28.  N. 

Belgia  Aufiralis,  fee  Falklatid^s  IJland. 

Belg'rAfa,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Teiino.     6  miles  E.  Pavia. 

Belg'iiivi,  a  name  given  by  the  French  to 
the  Netherlands  lince  the  revolution,  and 
formally  decreed  to  be  a  part  of  France,  in 
the  month  of  September  1795  ;  and  with 
the  biflioprick  of  Liege,  divided  into  nine 
departments,  the  capitals  of  which  are,  Ant- 
werp, Bruges,  BrulTeis,  Ghent,  Liege,  Lux- 
emburg, Maeftricht,  Mons,  and  Naiimr. 

Belgotta,  a  town  of  Bengal.  12  miles  E. 
Calcutta. 

Belgrade,  a  ftrong  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  Servia,  and  refidence  of  a  fangiac, 
lituated  on  the  fide  of  a  hill,  at  the  conflux 
of  the  Save  and  the  Danube.  This  city  is 
large,  and  has  been  very  beautiful  and  well 
fortified,  being  defended  by  one  of  the 
ftrongefl  caftles  in  Europe.  In  1436,  the 
Sultan  Amurath,  grandfbn  to  the  famous  Ba- 
jazet,  took  the  oppjrtunity  of  feme  civil 
Vol.  I  R 


BEL 

difientions  in  Hungary,  to  invade  that  king- 
dom, and  with  a  numerous  army  laid  fiege 
to  Belgrade ;  but  the  city  was  lecured  with 
a  garrifon  of  near  io,coo  men,  who  made  a 
vigorous  defence,  and  compelletl  the  Turks 
to  retire.  In  1521,  the  Sultan  Solyman,  fur- 
named  the  Magnificent,  laid  fiege  to  Bel- 
grade, which  making  but  weak  refiflanee, 
the  garrifon  lurrendered  prifoners  of  war  on 
the  29th  of  Auguft.  In  1688,  the  Imperial 
army,  commanded  by  Maximihan  Emanueil 
elefftor  of  Bavaria,  laid  liege  to  Belgrade  on 
the  iith  Augull,  in  v/hich  was  a^Turkifh 
garrifon  of  12,000  men,  and  a  b.iihaw  go- 
vernor. The  eledor  v/as  wounded  in  the 
cheek  by  an  arrov/.  The  fame  day  he  fent 
a  captain,  with  a  Greek  Interpreter,  to  fum- 
mon  the  governor  to  flirrender,  who  was  fo 
enraged,  that  he  imprifbned  the  former,  and 
hanged  the  latter.  This  exafperated  the 
eleflor ;  he  renewed  the  attack  w  ith  redou- 
bled vigour,  and  having  made  feveral 
breaches,  was  determined  to  florm  the  town; 
and  widi  a  refolution  that  feemed  infpired 
more  by  frenzy  than  courage,  his  foldiers 
mounted  the  breaches,  from  whence  they 
were  twice  beaten,  but  being  timely  fup- 
ported,  they  made  another  vigorous  eflbrt, 
when  an  obftinate  engagement  cniued, 
which  at  length  terminated  in  favour  of  the 
Imperialiffs,  who  entered  the  town  pell- 
mdi,  and  put  all  they  met  to  the  fword. 
without  even  fparing  the  women  or  little 
children.  The  Imperialifts  loll  in  this  fiege 
and  fform  at  leail  500  men,  among  whom 
was  the  brave  General  SchalFenberg,  and 
had  about  250  wounded.  The  confequence 
of  this  conqueft  was  no  more  than  a  tempo- 
rary pofleffion  ;  for  Louis  XIV.  making  war 
againll  the  emperor,  the  elector  was  recal- 
led out  of  Hungary,  to  command  on  the 
Rhine  ;  therefore  the  inroad  he  liad  made 
into  the  Turkifh  dominions,  which  had  cofc 
fo  much  blood  and  treafure,  by  a  turn  in  po- 
litics efFeded  by  Louis,  was  rendered  of  no 
utility,  fince  no  advantages  could  be  reaped 
from  it.  Prince  Louis,  of  Baden,  com- 
manded in  Hungary  during  the  eledor's  ab- 
fence  ;  but  his  army  was  too  fmall  to  oppofe 
the  progrefs  which  the  Ottoman  tro-jps  were 
now  every  where  making;  on  the  ift  of 
Oftober  1690,  they  inveffed  Belgrade,  wiih 
a  determined  refulution  to  retake  it.  The 
g.:rrifon  conhlled  of  6000  German  veterans, 
commanded  by  Count  d'Afpremont,  well 
provided  with  all  forts  of  ammunition  and 
provilions.  But  the  breaches  which  the  elec- 
tor had  made  were  not  fully  repaired,  ib 
that  they  were  forced  to  defend  them  with 
a  double  rank  of  pallifadoes.  An  accidert 
happened  which  blafted  all  tlie  hopes  of  the 
befieged  ;  a  bomb  from  die  Turks  unhappily 
fell  upon  the  great  tower,  where  the  maga- 
zine of  powder  lay;  die  whole  was  bloAC 


BEL 

up,  and  with  it  above  1200  of  the  garrifon, 
and  ni;iny  of  the  rell:  were  wounded.  The 
explofion  was  felt  like  an  earthquake,  the 
walls  of  the  city  were  thrown  down,  and 
leveral  hundreds  of  the  houfcs  lain  in  ruins; 
the  town  was  inftantly  in  a  blaze,  and  many 
of  the  other  magazines  fhared  the  fame  fate 
as  the  former.  "The  Turks  perceiving  the 
eflefts  their  bombs  had  produced,  and  en- 
couraGjed  by  the  accident,  were  lb  wife  as 
not  to  let  flip  fo  favourable  an  opportunity 
for  makinp;  a  general  afTault,  tlierefore  on  the 
morning  of  the  8th  of  October  they  advan- 
c<.d.  The  bciiegcd  had  feme  notion  of 
tlieir  intention,  were  prepared  to  receive 
them,  and  a  fnarp  engagement  began,  in 
which  the  Turks  were  twice  repu!fed ;  but 
'ax  length  their  numbers  overpowered  the  be- 
I'Cgcd,  and  obliged  them  to  retire.  The 
Turks,  as  the  Imperialills  had  doiie,  then 
entered  the  town,  and  put  all  to  the  fword 
without  dillindion.  6000  men  pcrithed  in 
tvo  hours,  nobly  defending  their  governor, 
Vv'ho,  with  the  Duke  of  Ci  oy,  Count  d'Arch- 
i:iro,  and  a  few  more  officers,  efcaped 
through  the  Filher's-gate,  and  got  over  the 
Danube  in  iiiiks  ;  but  unfortunately  one  of 
the  fiiiks  which  was  overloaded  funk,  and 
"all  who  were  in  itperiflied.  The  Turks  are 
faid  to  have  loll  in  this  liege  near  15,000 
men.  The  Houfe  of  Auftria  could  not  reilecf 
'on  die  taking  of  Belgrade  v/ith  indifterence; 
and  the  place  was  too  important  to  neglect 
ull  attempts  to  regain  it.  The  command 
iif  the  army  in  Hungary  was  conferred  on  the 
Duke  of  Croy,  who  had  orders  to  lay  fiege 
to  Belgrade.  lie  appeared  before  it  on  13th 
Augulf,  1693,  and  by  the  17th,  made  feve- 
ral  formidable  attacks ;  when  the  garrifon, 
making  a  well-concerted  fally,  did  him  con- 
fiderable  mifchief,  and  obliged  him  to  alter 
his  difpofitions  ;  notwithilanding  which  he 
carried  on  his  operations  with  great  alacrity, 
■  and  feemcci  vdiolly  bent  on  taking  the  town, 
or  pcrilhing  in  the  attcm.pt;  but  ilill  he  was 
r^  pulfed  in  his  attacks,  and  when  lie  was  on 
the  point  of  making  a  general  afiiiult,  he  re- 
ceived intelligence  that  the  grand  vizier,  at 
the  head  of  8c,oco  men,  was  on  his  march 
f.,^  relieve  the  city-  Upon  which,  lie  thought 
proper  to  raife  the  fiege,  having  lofl  near 
icoo men.  By thctreaty  of  Carlo\\itz,made 
in  i/'.99,  the  Turks  were  left  in  poilellion 
(t  Hlgrade;  but  in  1715,  pretending  that 
i!ie  Venetians  had  infringed  the  articles  ^f 
peace,  they  declared  war,  which  was  fol- 
li;\ved  by  the  emperor's  making  a  declara- 
tion of  war  ngainll  the  Porte.  In  May  1717, 
Prince  Ji:ug:nc  marclied  at  the  head  of  a  fine 
atmy,  comilling  of  100,000  men,  to  befiege 
ILigradc.  The  Turks  fbrefaw  his  defign, 
and  therefore  reinforced  tiie  garrilbn  tu 
.;o,ooo  men,  and  in  other  rcfjiedfs  made  it  as 
hey    d-iOi-htimpiegnable.    Count  Palfi  was 


BEL 

chofen  to  dire<5t  the  fiege,  and  his  highnefs 
undertook  to'cover  it  againft  any  attempts  of 
the  Turkiih  army  which  lay  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, confiiiing  of  150,000  men,  com- 
manded by  the  grand  vizier.  As  Prince  Eu- 
gene and  Count  Palfi  were  profecuting  this 
great  and  important  undertaking,  the  Otto- 
man army  began  to  feel  compaffion  for  the 
garrifon  of  Belgrade,  and  the  grand  vizier, 
in  order  to  fliew  he  intended  to  relieve  the 
place,  approached  the  prince's  camp  with 
his  whole  army,  and  lurrounding  all  the 
eminences,  inclofed  the  Imperial  forces  be- 
tween himfelf  and  the  town.  The  Turks  it 
was  thought  would  have  no  occafion  to  con- 
tinue their  fire,  though  it  annoyed  the  prince 
greatly,  and  even  obliged  him  to  change  his 
quarters,  becaufe  a  contagious  and  mortal 
difeafe  was  fiercely  fighting  for  them  againfl 
thelmperiaiifts.  Prince  Eugene,  though  he 
changed  his  quarters,  kept  upon  the  defen- 
iive.  At  length  an  opportunity  offered  to 
charge  the  Ottoman  army.  The  Turks 
were  at  firfl  put  into  fome  diforder,  but  they 
rallied,  and  Eugene  in  his  turn  was  obliged 
to  give  way,  owing  to  an  inconvenience  he 
could  not  immediaily  remedy,  which  was 
the  feparation  of  his  right  wing  from  the 
centre  ;  but  he  did  not  labour  under  it  long, 
for  feeing  the  Turks  as  faft  as  poflible  filling 
the  f'pace,  he  threw  in  his  fecond  line  of  in- 
fiMitry,  on  which  the  enemy  made  feveral 
vigorous  attacks,  but  with  no  fuccefs :  the 
line  was  impenetrable,  and  at  length  obliged 
the  Turks  to  retreat.  Viftory  now  began 
to  declare  in  his  favour,  which  had  been 
doubtful  near  four  hours.  At  this  jun(5ture 
the  right  wing  joined  the  army,  and  Eugene, 
with  his  whole  front,  refolved  to  make  an 
eiTort  that  fiiould  decide  the  action.  The 
whole  army  advanced,  and  with  great  fury 
charged  the  retreating  enemy,  who,  unable 
to  ffand  the  lliock,  fell  into  confufion,  and 
began  to  fly  with  precipitation  ;  each  foldier 
thinking  only  of  faving  his  life.  The  Bava- 
rian int>intry  fought  with  irrcfiflible  fury; 
having  fpent  their  ammunition,  they  made 
a  terrible  carnage  with  their  bayonets,  which 
they  puHied  with  iurprifing  ardour.  His 
highnefs  only  purlued  them  a  few  miles  be- 
yond the  eminence.  3000  were  llain  in  the 
purfuit,  and  upwards  of  10,000  on  the  field 
of  battle  ;  about  5000  were  v/ounded,  and 
near  the  fame  number  made  prilbners.  The 
Imperialills  had  near  3000  killed,  and  about 
4500  v/cunded,  many  of  whom  died  foon 
after  the  battle.  The  next  day  Prince  Eu- 
gene ilimmoncd  the  baiha  governor  of  Bel- 
grade to  furrender,  threatening  him  with  no 
qu.u-ter  in  cafe  of  his  reful;\l;  on  which  the 
garriion  mutinied,  and  obliged  him  tofubmit, 
but  much  againfl  his  inclination,  as  the  place 
was  ftill  in  a  tolerable  ftate  of  defence,  and, 
as  he  d)ought,  tenable  againfl  all  the  efibrts 


BEL 


E  E  L 


of  the  enemy.  He  obtained  honourable 
terms  ;  the  garrifon  was  conduced  to  Nizza, 
and  the  prince  entered  the  town  after  having 
bcfieged  it  two  months.  A  peace  ioon  fol- 
lowed ;  but  in  1738,  the  war  broke  out  again; 
and  in  Auguft  j  739,  the  Ottoman  army  Jaid 
liege  to  Belgrade,  but  without  fuccefs.  A 
peace  was  concluded  the  fame  year  between 
the  Aullrians  and  Turks,  by  the  mediation 
of  the  French ;  at  whofe  requcil:,  or  ratlier 
direftion,  Belgrade  was  yielded  to  theTurks; 
but  its  fine  fortifications  were  entirely  demo- 
liihed,  in  purfuance  of  that  treaty.  In  r  789, 
it  was  taken  by  the  Imperialifts,  under  Ge- 
neral Laudohn,  after  a  fiege  of  26  days. 
150  miles  SSE.  Buda,  and  440  NW.  Con- 
ftantinople.  Lo.^i^.zo.  10. E.  Z<//.  4J.3.N. 
£c/i,rraJf,  fee  A'/Igrad. 
Belgrado,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Italy,  in 
the  Friuli.  18  miles  S.  Udina,  27  NE.  Tre- 
vigio.     Long.  12.  54.  E.  Laf.  46.  i-  N. 

Bclgravi,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  Oude, 
48  miles  NW.  Lucknow.  Long.  8o.  26.  E. 
L,at.2j.  10.  N. 

Belhary,-A.  town  of  Bengal.  10  miles  SE. 
Curruckpour. 

Belharee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Goodwana  country.  It  is  defended  by  an 
ancient  fort,  which  has  been  enlarged  by  the 
Mahrattas.  i3omiles  SW.  Allahabad.  Long. 
80. 36.  E.  Lat.  23.  45.  N. 

Bclhofncr,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure  and  Loire.  12  miles 
W  Chatres. 

Belian,  a  river  of  Grand  Bukharia,  which 
runs  into  the  Harrat,  60  miles  WSW.  Ba- 
daihkan. 

Beliara,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
66  miles  SSW.  Patna. 

Belicena,  a  town  ot  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Grenada.     30  miles  from  Grenada. 

Belich,  or  Bdlike,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  dutchyof  Weftphalia.  iz  miles  ENE. 
Arenfberg,  13  NW.  Brilon.  Long.  8.  27. 
E.  Lat.  51.  30.  N. 

Belice,  a  river  of  Sicily,  which  runs  into 
the  fea,  on  the  fouth  coaft,  Long.  12.  56. 
E.  Lat.  37.  2>S'  N. 

Beliene,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Nile,  where  there  are  the  remains  of 
an  ancient  brick  wall  of  great  ftrength.  i  a 
miles  S.  Girge. 

Beligrad,  or  Belgrade,  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  Romania.  15  miles  N. 
Trajanopoli. 

Belin,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde.  24  miles  SSW. 
Bourdeaux. 

Beliria,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Bofnia.     50  miles  NE.  Bofna  Serai. 

Belinas,  a  town  of  Syria,  on  the  co;ift  of 
the  Mediterranean.     25  miles  S.  Latakia. 
Belior,  fee  Po'liyr. 

BelitZy  a  tov.n  cf  Germany,  in  the  circle 

R3 


of  Upper  Saxony,  and  Middle  Mark  of  Bran- 
denburg, lituated  on  the  river  Nieplitz,  or 
Bclitz ;  defended  widi  old  ramparts  and 
ditches ;  there  is  a  manufafture  of  clotl:. 
28  miles  SW.  Berlin,  12  SW.  Potzdara. 
Long.  12.  52. E.  Lat.^z.  16.  N. 

Belitz,  a  town  of  PrulFia,  in  the  territory 
of  Culm.     15  miles  N.  Strafburg. 

Bclkani,  a   town  of  Afiatic   Turkey,  in 
Natolia.     14  'miles  N.  Satalia. 

Belkarra,  a  town  of  Hindooftan, in  Bahar, 
40  miles  SSW.  Patna. 

Belk't,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Candeifh. 
21  miles  S.  Barawnay. 

Bt'lkin,  a  town  of   Egypt.     11  miles  N. 
Mehalle  Kebir,  20  SE.  Fauua. 

Bclko-va,  a  river  of  Rullia,  in  the  govern- 
ment  of  Archangel,  v.hich  runs  into  the 
Frozen  fea,  Lo)ig.i%.  34.  E.  Lat.  68.  30.  N. 
Bell  Harbour,  a  cove  on  the  weft  coaft  ot 
Spitzbergen,  where,  in  1630,  eight  liiilors  re- 
mained during  the  winter,  fuffering  great 
hardlhips. 

Bell's  IJland,  an  ifland  about  6  miles  in 
length,  fituated  in  an  inlet  of  the  North  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  on  the  weft  coaft  of  Norths. 
America,  to  the  north  of  the  ifland  of  Revilla 
Gigedo.  Long.  228. 40.  E.  Lat.  $$.  54.  N. 
Bell  IJland  River,  a  river  of  New  Bruns- 
v/ick,  which  runs  into  the  St.  John,  Lon's. 
66.  W.  Z^/.  45.38.  N. 

Bellac,  a  tov/n  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftri(ff,  in  the  department  of  the 
Upper  Vienne,  fituated  on  the  Vincon.  It 
owes  its  name  to  an  ancient  caftle,  built  ia 
the  loth  century.  The  number  of  inhabitants 
is  about  2500.  2omilesNN W.Limoges,  15 
N.St.  Junien.  Long.  i.-j.^.  Z/^/.  46.7.N. 
Belladac,  a  town  of  Alia,  in  the  govern- 
ment  of  Diarbekir.     45  miles  W.  Rabba. 

Bellach,  a  village  of  Swilferland,  in  the 
canton  of  Soleure,  kno\k'n  to  the  Romans  un- 
der the  name  of  Belie  Aqiue.  20  m.  SW. 
Soleure. 

Bellah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in-  Oude. 
20  miles  SSW.  Canoge. 

Bella?iiy,  a  fmall  ifl:ind  in  the  Atlantic,' 
near  the  coaft  of  South-Carolina.  LoJig.  78. 
35.  W.  Lat.  2?,'  so.  N. 

Bellano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Delia  Montagna.  12  miles  NN  W.- 
Lecco,  17  NNE.  Como. 

Bellapaharry,  A  toviw  of  Bengal.  36  m^ 
SSE.  Jauldoe. 

Bellas,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eftrama- 
dura.    8  miles  NW.  Lii'bon. 

Belle  Bay,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  New- 
foundland, north  of  Fortune  Bay. 

Belle  Ijle,  or  BelleiJle-en-Mer,  an  ifland  in 
the  bay  of  Bifcay,  near  the  weft  coaft  of 
France,  about  9  miles  long,  and  from  2  to 
4  broad,  furrounded  by  ih-arp  rocks,  vvhicli 
leave  only  three  forufied  pailages  to  reacH 
tlie  iiland.    Tl'.c  foil  is  diverfe,  rocky,  fah 


BEL 

marflies,  and  ffrtile  grounds.  Palais  is  the 
capital;  it  contains  three  other  fmiiU  towns, 
and  about  twenty  villages.  It  was  taken  by 
the  Engliih  in  the  year  1761,  but  reftored  at 
tlie  peace  in  1763.  Long.  3.  7.  W.  Lat. 
47.  20.  N.  . 

Belle  Ijh,  a  fmall  ifland  of  France,  in  the 
river  Loire,  in  the  department  of  the  May- 
cnne.     a  miles  W.  St.  Mathurin. 

Belle  Ijle,  an  ifland  in  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, about  21  miles  in  circuit,  and  on  the 
north-weft  lide  has  a  Imail  harbour,  fit  for 
fmall  craft,  called  Lark  Harbour.,  within  a 
little  ifland  that  lies  clofe  to  the  fhore;  and 
at  the  eaft  point  it  has  another  fmall  harbour 
or  cove,  that  will  only  admit  fifhing  fhallops; 
from  whence  it  is  but  16  miles  to  the  coafi 
of  Labrador.  The  narrow  channel  between 
Newfoundland  and  the  coaft  of  Labrador  is 
called  the  Straits  of  Bellijle.  15  miles  N. 
Newfoundland.  Long.  55.  ij.W.  Lat.s^-'^. 

■  Belle  Jj/e,  an  ifland  near  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland.  Lo/ig.ss-  35'^^-  Lat.  50. 
50.  N. 

Belle  IJlc  en  Terre,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Northern  Coaft,  fitu- 
at€d  on  an  ifland  in  the  river  Guer.  9  miles 
W.  Guingamp. 

Belle  Ijle,  an  ifland  of  Ireland,  in  Lough 
Erne,  in  the  county  of  Fermanagh.  6  miles 
SE.  Eimiflcillen. 

Belle  Plcine,  a  valley  of  Piedmont,  in  the 
Alps,  lituated  partly  in  the  county  of  Nice, 
partly  in  the  county  of  Tenda,  a  few  miles 
NW.  Saorgio. 

Belle  River,  a  river  of  Canada,  which 
runs  into  lake  St.  Clair,  Long.  8a.  -6.  W. 
Lat.  42.  43.  N. 

■  Belchajje,  a  town  of  Canad.i,  on  the  right 
bank  of  theSt.  Lawrenv-f.  Long.  70. 40.W. 
Lat.  46.  54.  N. .         ,     .. 

•  Belk'garde,  a  tortreis  oi  France,  in  th.c  de- 
partment of  the  Eallern  J^yrenees,  on  the 
borders;  of  Spain.  It  was  taken  ov  the  Spa- 
niards in  1674,  and  retaken  the  following 
year  i)y  Marechal  Schomberg.  After  the 
peace  of  Nimmegen,  Louis  XIV.  had  a  re- 
gular fortrels  built  with  five  baftions  to 
defend  the  paflage  of  the  Pyrenees.  In  June 
1793,  this  town  was  llirroundcd  and  bom- 
barded by  the  Spaniards ;  ami  the  garrifon, 
which  confilled  of  900  men,  being  reduced 
tr» great diilreis,  was  compeUed  to  fturcndcr, 
alter  .T.ficge  iii  thirty-three  days.  In  Augufi: 
1704,  the  SJpaniards,  under  the  coniir.and  of 
the  Count  de  I'lJnion,  were  defeated  near 
i''is  town  by  the  French,  v.itii  the  lofs  of 
2,,rco  men  killed,  a  great  many  wounded 
and  taken  prifoncrs;  the  French  general 
M'rak'i  was  killed.  15  miles  S.  Pcrpignan, 
4  SE.  Cerct. 

Bclle^arJc,  Ti  town  of  France,  in  the  dc- 

I'.niiient  of  the  Loiret.     3  niiies  SE.  Bois- 

oirinuu. 


BEL 

Bellegarde,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Creufe.  6  miles  E.  Aubul- 
I'on,  12  SSW.  Evaux. 

Bellegarde,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Card.  6  nnles  SE. 
Nifmes. 

Bellelay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Rhine.  The  cheefe 
made  in  the  environs  is  in  great  efteem.  10 
miles  SSE.  Porentrui. 

Bellem,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft  of 
Galicia,between  Cape  Finifterre  &  Corunna. 

Bellem,  fee  Belem. 

Bellen,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  Schweitz.     9  miles  NE.  Zug. 

Bellenave,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Allier.  9  miles  NW.  Gan- 
nat,  7  SE.  Montmarault. 

Bellencoinhre,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Sienne.  9  miles  W. 
Neufchatel,  15  SSE.  Dieppe. 

.  Bellereau,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meurte.  6  miles  SE.  Pont- 
a-MoufTon,  7  N.  Nancy. 

Bellesme,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftricf,  in  the  department  of  the 
Orne.  It  contains  about  2500  inhabitants. 
9  miles  S.  Mortagne,    18  I^SE.  Alen^on. 

Believe sv7-e,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  13  miles 
NNE.  Louhans,  18  E.  Chalons  fur  Saone. 

Belleville,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Paris,     i  mile  E.  Paris. 

Belleville,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  26  miles 
E.  Roanne,  7  N.  Villefranche. 

Belleville,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Vendee.  3  miles  N.  La  Roche 
llir  Yon.    12  S.  Montaigu. 

Belley,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  dilbicf,  in  the  department  of  the 
Ain  ;  before  the  revolution  the  capital  of 
Bugey,  and  fee  of  a  bilhop;  fiiuated  between 
mountains,  about  two  miles  from  the  Rhone. 
2^^  miles  SE.  Bourg  en  Brcflc,  36  E.  Lyons. 
Long.  5.  46.  E.  Lat,  S5-  45*  N. 

Belleyas,  a  town  of  Bengal.  14  miles  S. 
Boglipour. 

Belli,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country  of 
Calbari.     10  miles  NW.  Calbari. 

Bcllial:,a  tov,'n  .of-Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
6  miles  NE.  Monghir.  Long.  86.  29.  E. 
Lat.  25.  25.  N. 

Bell/n,  :i  town  of  Germany,  in  the  New 
Mark  of  Brandenburgh.  j8  miles  NNW. 
Cuftrin. 

Bellingen,  a  town  of  Swiflerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne.     2  miles  N.Berne. 

Bellingaj,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  Old 
Mark  of  Brandenburg,  famous  for  its  tur- 
nips.    6  miles  S.  Stendal.   • 

Be'linge?ibaet:,  a  river  of  the  t*alaiinate, 
which  runs  into  the  Neckar^  at  Neckar'- 
Gemur.d. 


BEL 

Bellingerivordcr  7^\ls,  a  fortrcfs  of  Gro- 
ningen.     7  miles  E.  Winfcoten. 

Bellingham^  a  town  of  England,  in  Nor- 
thumberland, with  two  markets  weekly,  on 
Tuefday  and  Saturday.  14  miles  N.  Hex- 
ham, and  30J;  N.  London. 

Bcll'ingkavi' s  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  North-America,  within  the  gulf  of  Geor- 
gia, fituated  behind  a  ckiftcr  of  iflands, 
from  which  a  number  of  channels  lead  into 
it.  Its  grcateft  extent  from  north  to  fouth 
about  12  miles.  It  every  where  affords  good 
and  fecure  anchorage  :  oppofite  to  its  north 
point  of  entrance  the  fhores  are  high  and 
rocky,  with  fome  detached  rocks  lying  off 
it :  here  was  found  a  brook  of  moll:  excel- 
lent water.  To  the  N.  and  S.of  thefe  rocky 
cliffs,  the  fliores  are  lefs  elevated,  efpecially 
to  the  northward,  and  appear  like  beautiful 
lawns.  Long,  of  the  eaffern  extremity  237. 
5c.  E.  Lat.  48.  36.  to  48. 48.  N. 

Belluighaufsn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  VVurzburg.  2  miles  S.  Lau- 
ringen. 

Belliiizona,  or  Belkufz,  a  town  of  Italy, 
and  capital  of  a  fmall  country,  on  the  call 
jide  of  the  Alps,  on  the  confines  of  the  Mi- 
lanefe,  fituated  at  the  northern  extremity  of 
lake  Maggiora,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Tcfin 
and  the  Molfa.  Tliis  country  formerly  be- 
longed to  the  bifhopric  of  Como,  from  a  pre- 
tended or  real  grant  of  the  kings  ofLombar- 
dv,  but  was  annexed  to  the  Swifs  cantons  of 
Uri,  Schwitz,  and  Underwalden,  and  con- 
firmed to  them  in  the  year  1516  ;  in  which 
ftate  it  continued  till,  by  a  late  arrangement, 
it  has  been  annexed  to  the  Cifalpine  republic. 
Therichnefs  of  the  country  con  lifts  in  its  paf- 
tures  and  cattle.  The  corn  produced  is  not 
fufficient  for  the  conliunption  of  the  inha- 
bitants, who  are  fupplied  by  the  Milaneie. 
The  town  is  fortified.  25  miles  NNW. 
Como,  and  40  S.  Zurich.  Long.  8.  44.  E. 
Lat.  46.  4.N. 

Bellipahary,  fee  Bellapahary , 
Bellijh,  fee  Bclh  IJk. 
Bella,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Bafilicata.  2 
miles  SSE.  Muro. 

Bellojfihra,  a  town  of  Italy.  10  miles 
SE.  Rovigo. 

Bdlloivs  Rocks,  in  the  Atlantic,  near  tlie 
welt  coaft  of  Ireland,  and  county  of  Galway. 
Long.  10.  4.  W.  Lat.  SZ'  19- N. 

Bclltiah, Ktown  of  liindooftan,  in  Bengal. 
10  miles  N.  Nattore. 

Bclluncfi,  a  fn.all  country  of  Italy,  late  be- 
longing to  the  republic  of  Venice,  making 
part  of  the  marquifate  of  Trevifano,  bound- 
ed on  the  north  by  the  Cadorin  and  part  of 
Friuii ;  on  the  eali  by' a  large  foreff,  which 
feparates  it  from  Friuii;  on  the  iouth  by  the 
I'revHan  and  Fcltrm;  and  on  the  weft  bv  the 
bilhopric  of  Trent.  This  country  produces 
plenty  of  corn,  wine,  and  all  iorts  of  fruit; 


BEL 

and  the  fertile  paftures  contribute  much  to 
thebreeding  of  numerous  cattle,  whicli  afford 
butter  and  cheefe  in  abundance.  The  prin- 
cipal lources  of  this  country,  however,  con- 
fift  in  large  woods, -from  whence  the  timber 
is  floated  down  the  Piava  into  the  lagunes  of 
Venice.  Iron,  lead,  \  itriol,  and  copper,  are 
likewife  found  in  the  mountains.  Beiides 
fix  rivulets,  which  fall  into  the  Piava,  there' 
are  two  lakes  in  tiiis  diftri(5f,  one  of  which 
is  called  Croce,  or  Lago  Lapicino,  the  orher 
Lago  di  Allcghc;  v/hich  laft  was  formed^ 
in  1771,  in  the  following  manner:  tlie 
mountain  called  Spitz,  in  the  commune  of 
St.  Thomas  di  Alleglic,  fliaken  on  a  fudden 
to  its  centre,  buried  under  its  ruins  i^s^^n 
villages  fituated  at  its  foot,  with  all  their  in- 
habitants ;  filled  tlie  bed  of  the  Cordevola 
Xvith  earth,  and  ftcmmed  the  current,  which, 
expanding  in  every  dire(ffion,  fwept  away 
the  village  of  Alleghe  and  neighbouring 
places,  forming  a  lake  two  Italian  miles  in 
length,  and  half  a  mile  in  breadth.  F.xclu- 
five  of  the  capital,  this  territory  contains 
200  fmall  towns,  boroughs,  villages,  and 
caftles,  the  inhabitants  of  which  amount  to 
4o,coo.  It  nov/  forms  a  part  of  the  king- 
dom of  Italy. 

Bellimo,  a  town  of  Italy,  capital  of  the 
Bellunefe,  and  fee  of  a  bifliop,  fufFragan 
of  the  archbifliop  of  Udina,  fituated  on  the 
Piava.  ,  It  has  a  luburb  called  Campedcllo, 
and  contains  14  churches,  among  which  the 
cathedral  is  built  after  a  model  of  Sanfo- 
vin  ;  three  monafteries,  two  nunneries,  leve- 
ral  hofpitals,  a  feminary  for  ecclefiaftics,  a 
pawn-bank,  various  good  buildings,  marble 
fountains,  and  a  coftly  aqueduft,  conducted 
into  the  town  from  the  diftance  of  a  mile. 
The  inhabitants,  7400  in  number,  carry  on 
a  very  profitable  trade  in  wood  and  timber. 
43  miles  N.  Venice,  48  E.  Trent.  Long.  12. 
1'.  E.  Lat.  4r,.io.  N. 

Bellya,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles  NW. 
Kiflicnagur. 

Bclnmit,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  14  miles  NE. 
Roanne. 

Bebw.'nt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Avtiron,  containing  about  3000 
inhabitants.  26  miles  E.  Alby,  and  10  SSW. 
St.  Afiique. 

Belmont, -A  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.     10  miles  S.  Guarda. 

Behnrnt,  a  town  of  Syria,   on  tl-'.c  coaft 
of  the  Mediterranean.     8  miles  S.  Tripoli. 
Beln.'onte,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     II  miles  WSW.  Cofenza. 

Bt'lnionte,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Lavora.  10  miles  NE.  Ponte  Corvo. 
BelncJa,  a  town  of  It;Jy,  in  Friuii.     4  tn. 
N.  Udina. 

IjcIo  Pouh,  a  fmall  idandinthe  Gredan 
Arcliipelago.  Z-c/zp-.jj.j  i.  E.  Lji*  17.3.  N 


BEL 

Bthta,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Veronefe. 
Ill  1 796,  this  place  was  taken  by  the  French. 
10  miles  N.  Guarda. 

Bchniva,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
36  miles  SE.  Fyzabad. 

Belorado,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Cafalo. 
20  miles  E.  Burgos. 

Bclore,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dowla- 
tvibad,  on  the  Godavery.  2,5  'T'-  E.  Nander. 

Bclota,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Serio.    S  m.  E3E.  Bergamo. 

Bdofs,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  42  miles 
W.  Allahabad. 

BclouJa,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
ciicar  of  Ruttunpour.  10  m.  E.  Ruttunpour. 

Bfloury,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bengal. 
30  milesN. Pmneah, 

B.-hiv,  or  BcLvi,  a  river  of  England, 
■which  runs  into  the  Eden,  z  miles  N. 
Kirkby-Stcphen,  in  Weftmoreland. 

Bc'pber^,  a  town  of  Swifferland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne.     3  miles  S.  Friburg. 

Belpeck,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aude.  In  1369,  this  place  was 
taken  by  the  Engliili  ;  and  among  the  pri- 
ibners  ■was  Ilabella,  mother  of  the  Queen  of 
France.  She  was  honourably  entertained, 
and  afterwards  exchanged  for  Simon  de 
Burlcy.  7  miles  NW.  Mirepoix,  and  10 
SVV.  Caftelnaudary.  Long.  1.  50.  E.  Lat. 
43.  12.  N. 

Bclpuch,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Catalonia.  Here  is  a  famous  convent  of 
CordeUcrs,  founded  by  Raymond  of  Car- 
dona.     15  miles  ESE.  Leina. 

Bdngnanio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Olona,  on  a  navigable  canal. 
;  miles  NW.  Pavia,  and  14  SSW.  Milan. 

Bdrlguardo.,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment ot  the  I-owcr  Po,  built  on  the  fpot 
v.Jiere  the  ancient  Elis  is  faid  to  have  ftood, 
on  a  branch  of  thePo.     8  miles  SE.  Ferrara. 

Bidr'uth,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county   of  Hcnnebcrg.  4  m.E.  Meinungen. 

Bilfar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
48  miles  SW.Patna. 

Bclfc,  a  town  on  the  fouth-eaft  coaft  of  the 
ii'land  of  Timor.     125.  2-J-.  E.  Lat.  8.  27.  S. 

Belfito,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Cilr;;.     6  miles  S.  Cofenza. 

Bt'ljliiny  a  town  of  Genr^any,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Wertheini,  inllilattd  in  the  cir- 
■  le  of  the  Upper  Rhine..  8  miles  NNW. 
Libaeii. 

B:'i/':i/!d,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
r.o  miles  N.  Patna.  L^./r^.  87.  37.  E.  Lat. 
i(u  7.7.  N. 

Belli  (Great )■>  a  narrow  ftrait  of  thefea, 
wliieh  forms  a  communication  between  the 
S;l\i:.;er  Rack,  or  Cattegat  Sea,  and  the 
B.iltic  ;  beiwcen  the  illands  of  Zealand  and 
Funen. 

Bi'lt,  fLittk'),  a  narrow  ftrait,  which 
forms  a  communication  befv'.ecn  the  Cattegat 


BEL 

and  the  Baltic  ;  and  feparates  the  illand  of 
Funcn  from  Jutland. 

Bclta,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  26.  40.  N. 

Bcltatigady,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myforc.     40  miles  SW.  Sacrapatam. 

Bcltrana,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  gulf  of  Squillace,  Long.  16.  45.  E. 
L^/.  28.  41.N. 

Biltjladtt  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Wurzburg.  5  miles  NNW. 
Eltman. 

Beltitrhety  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Cavan.  Before  the  Union  it  fent  two 
members  to  the  Irifh  parliament.  Here  are 
fome  barracks.     8  miles  NNW.  Cavan. 

Bel'z,  a  town  of  Croatia.  12  miles  SSW. 
Varafdin. 

Belvedere,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  the  Morea,  and  capital  of  a  country  to 
which  it  gives  name,  bulk  on  the  fpot  where 
the  ancient  Elis  is  faid  to  have  ftood.  36 
miles  S.  Patras,  and  65.  W.  Corinth.  Long. 
21.  30.  E.  Lat.  37.59.N. 

Belvedere,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Otranto.     5  miles  E.  Tarento. 

Belvedere,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     15  miles  SE.  Scalea. 

Belvedere,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Parma.     17  miles  S.  Parma. 

Belvedere  Shoal,  a  fhoal  in  the  Eaftern- 
Indian  Sea,  about  24  miles  N.  from  the 
idand  ofBanca.  Long,  iot-  E.  Lat.  2. 12.  S. 

Belver,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eftrama- 
dura.     12  miles  E.  Abrantes. 

Belvez,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftrict,  in  the  department  of  the 
Dordogne.  10  miles  SW.  Sarlat,  and  27 
SSE.  Perigueux.  Long.  i.  5.  E.  Lat.  44. 
46.  N.  _ 

Belv'is,  a  town~bf  Spain,  in  New  Caftile. 
so  miles  N.Placentia. 

Behan,  a  fcaport  of  Germany,  in  the  dut- 
chy of  Bremen,  near  the  mouth  of  (he  Ofte. 
4  miles  E.  Otterndorf.     Long.  9.  4.  E.  Lat. 

So-  49-  ^'• 

Belvoir,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Doubs.     24  miles  E.  Befan^on. 

Belnr,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia,  and 
capital  of  a  diftriift.  100  miles  E.  Badallikan. 
Lcfig.  71.  F:.  Lat.  37.  N. 

Beliir  Tagley,  or  Mountain  of  Darknefs^ 
a  mountain  of  Alia,  which  forms  the  eaftern 
boundary  of  Little  Bukharia,  eaft  of  Belur  ; 
anciently  the  Imaus. 

Betz,  or  Belcz,  a  town  of  Poland,  and 
capital  of  a  palatinate  to  which  it  gives  name, 
in  Red  Rulfia :  the  town  is  large,  but  not 
rich  or  commercial,  and  is  fituated  in  the 
middle  of  a  plain,  at  the  extremity  of  which 
is  a  bog.  This  pal.itinate  was  joined  to 
Hungary  in  the  year  1773,  by  an  agreement 
between  the  Emperor  of  Germany,  Emprefs 
of  Riilila,  and  the  King  of  iVuilia.     148  in. 


BEN 

E.Cracow,  152  SSE.Warfaw.    Long.  14. 
12.  E.  Z.r7/.  50.  24.  N. 

Belzka,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Lublin.     14  miles  SSW.  I.iiblin. 

Bc'/zig,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  elec- 
torate of  Saxony,  fituated  on  the  Welle, 
.•^o  miles  E.  Magdebur;^,  and  21  N.  VVitten- 
berg.     L^;!g.  12.  2^.  E.  /.<7/,  52.  8.  N. 

Belz'tn,  a  town  ot  Walaci^ia.  12  m.  SW. 
Krajora. 

Bi-nnaverajn,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 

Carnatic.     28  miles  NW.  Bomrauzepollam. 

Benibarogne,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs 

into  the  Atlantic,  I. at.  16.  20.  S.  In  the  lirlt 

part  of  its  courle  it  is  called  Cuneni. 

Bemhea,  a  country  of  Africa,  fituated  on 
the  fouth-eait  of  Angola,  to  which  it  is  fup- 
pofed  to  be  united. 

Benibcrande,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Ceylon.     5  miles  SW.  Diokfvel. 

Beuihlbre.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Leon.     18  miles  NW.  Aftorga. 

Beindt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Forefts,  liuated  on  the  call  fide 
of  the  Mofelle.     2  m.  NE.  Gravcnmachcrcn. 
Beminis,  one  of  the  I'mall  Bahama  iflands. 
Long.  81.  W.  Lat.  25.  28.  N. 
Boninjler,  fee  Beani'nifler. 
Bemniifir,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Kerman.     140  miles  SE.  Sirgian. 

Bempojla,  a  town  ofPortugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tras-os-Montes,  on  the  Duero.  15 
miles  SW.  Miranda. 

Bevipojia,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince ofBeira.  16  m.  NE.  Braganga  Nova. 
Bemppfta,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.     20  miles  NE.  Callel  Branca. 
Bena,  a   kingdom    of  Africa,   near  the 
fource  of  the  river  of  Sierra  Leona,    and 
fouth  of  the  country  of  Mandinga,   with  a 
capital  of  the  lame  name,  fituated  Lojig.^. 
W.  Lat.  9.  40.  N. 
Befiabari,  fee  Benavari. 
Bi'/iac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
njcnt  of  the  Ille  and  Villaine,  and  diftridt  of 
Redon.     7  m.  NNE.  Redon,  25  S.  Renncs. 
Benaco,  a  department  of  Italy,  fo  called 
from  the  Ber.acus  Lacus,  (now  Lake  Garda,) 
^he  eaftein  part  of  the  Brc{Ian,and  that  por- 
tion of  the  Veronefe  which  lies  on  the  right 
fide  of  the  Adige.  It  contains  150,29^  inha- 
bitants, v/ho  eleft  nine  deputies.     Dezen- 
zanois  the  capital. 

x_  BdTialhcjJfcr.)  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the 
right  fide  of  the  Nile.  Here  are  found  great 
marks  of  an  ancient  city,  fuppofed  by  Dr. 
Pocock  to  be  Bubaftes. 

Be7ia?ih'r.ily  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meurte.  7  miles  E.  Lu- 
neville,  and  6  W.  Blamont. 

Benar,  a  tov/n  of  Africa,  in  Guinea,  at 
the  mouth  of  the   Nunez  Triliao,     Lat.o. 


BEN 

Baiares,  a  provinceofllindooftan, bound- 
ed on  the  north  by  Jionpour,  on  th^"  eafl  bv 
Bahar,  on  the  ibutli  by  Chunar,  on  the  we'l 
by  Allahabad,  about  70  miles  in  length,  and 
25  in  breadth.  'I'his  country  was  ceded  to 
the  Englilh  in  the  year  1775,  and  produces 
a  revenue  of  about  400,000  pounds  a  year. 
The  foil  is  generally  fertile,  and  the  country 
populous. 

Benares,  a  city  of  Hindooflan,  and  capital 
of  a  province  of  the  fame  name,  iahabitcd 
chief!  V  by  Gentoos,  many  of  whom  arc  i;7  - 
mcnlely  rich,  fi»uated  cq  the  fide  uf  the 
Ganges.  Its  ancient  Indian  name  is  B.ira- 
naili  or  Calchi,  which  name  it  had  when 
taken  by  Mahmoud  king  of  Ghizni,  the  firll 
Mahometan  who  became  mafter  of  it.  It  is 
about  iix  miles  long  and  four  wide.  There  . 
are  f.n-eral  pagodas  ;  and  for  its  v/e;ilrh, 
cofflv  buildings,  and  population,  is  clafled 
in  the  firft  rank  of  thofe  cities  which  now 
remain  to  the  Hindoos.  In  1775,  it  was 
granted  to  Great-Britain.  120  miles  W. 
Patna,  and  335  NW.  Calcutta.  Long.  8j. 
16.  E.  Lat.  2^.  22.  N. 

Benaru,  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  the  province 
of  Farliikn.     108  milts  SSE.  Schiras. 

Benarville,  ;i  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Seine,  ij  milesNE. 
Montcvilliers. 

Beriafa,  a  town  of  Thibet.  17  miles  N. 
Sirinagur. 

Benafal,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valentia.  27 
miles  W.  Penifcola,  and  56  N.  Valencia. 
Long.  o.  13.  W.  Lat.  40.  21.  N. 
Benafca,  fee  Venafca. 
Benafco,  a  town  of  France,   in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Po.     5  miles  S  W.  Turin. 

Benatl:a,z  fnrall  iliand,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Perfian  gulf  fiom  the  Arabian  lea. 
Lo!:g.  1^.6.  ;,;,.  E.  Lat.  26.  20.  N. 

Beuatek,  or  Benafki,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
in  the  circle  of  Boleilaw,  fituated  on  the 
Ifler.  Tlie  celebrated  Tycho  Brahe  died 
here  in  the  year  1601.  8  miles  SSW.  Jung 
Buntzel,and  22  NE.  Prague.  Long.  14.56. 
E.  Lat.  so.  15. N. 

Benavari^  or  i»V/;(?^/7r;,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Aragon,  on  the  borders  of  Catalonia.  18 
miles  ENE.Balbaftro. 

Bcnavente,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Leon,  on  the  Ella,  containing  feven  pa- 
rifhes,  fix  convents,  twohofpitals,  and  about 
4000  inhabitants.  20  miles  N.Zamora,  and 
36  S.  Leon. 

Benavcntc,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Alentcjo,  on  the  river  Sora,  tieitr 
its  union  with  the  Tagus.  5  miles  S.  Sal- 
vaterra. 

Benavfram,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.     5S  miles  NW.  Seringapatam. 

Benaiv,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  province 
of  Oberiiind.     >  miles  W.Liebmuhl. 


BEN 

Benhe-uJa,  one  of  the  weftern  iflanils  of 
Scotland,  lying  between  Nortli  and  South 
Virt,  Itparated  from  South  Vift  by  a  narrow 
channel,  which  at  low  water  is  hardly  four 
Icc-t  deep,  and  iunietinies  quite  dry.  The 
foil  and  climate  are  unfavourable  to  wood  of 
almofl:  all  kinds  ;  the  forts  produced  are  of 
llinted  growth,  fuch  as  juniper,  thorns, 
mountain-afl),  and  wild  vines.  Apple,  pear, 
and  plumb-trees,  though  lurrov;nded  with 
hi;:;h  garden-v/alls,  fucceed  but  ill  ;  and  fruit 
fcidoni  arrives  at  perfection,  though  culti- 
vated with  the  greateft  care.  The  whole 
iiland  is  about  ten  miles  in  circumference, 
Avith  a  haibour  for  fmall  fiPaing-veffels.  It 
has  fevcral  frelh  water  lakes,  well  ilored 
with  lith  and  fowl.  Long.  7.  18.  W.  Lat. 
57.  26.  N. 

Ben-brick,  ■s.  mountain  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Perth.     la  miles  NNW.  CrielF. 

Ben-hulhcn,  mountains  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Sligo.     7  miles  N.  Sligo. 

Benbnrh,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  the  coun- 
tv  of  Tyrone.  In  1645,  theEnglifli  were 
defeated  here  by  thelriHi  rebels.  6  miles  S. 
Dungannon. 

Bcnrcjli,  a  town  of  Walachia.  15  miles 
SE.Tergofyl. 

Bench  Ijlandt  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Southern 
Ocean,  at  thefouth  extremity  of  Tavai  Poe- 
nammoo,atthe  entrance  into  South-Eafl  Bay. 

Ben-Ckal!hty  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in 
the  county  of  Perth.    18  m.  S.  George-town. 

Bencoolent  a  feaport  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Sumatra,  on  the  fouth-weft  coaft.  The 
F.nglilh  fettled  here  in  the  year  1685,  and 
in  the  year  1690,  the  Eafl-India  Company 
built  a  fort  here,  calling  it  Fort-York.  A  con- 
venient river  on  its  north-well:  fide  brings 
the  pepper  out  of  the  inland  country;  but 
there  is  great  inconveniency  in  fnipping  it, 
by  rcal(;n  of  a  dangerous  bar  at  t!ie  river's 
mouth.  The  place,  which  is  almofl:  a  miles 
in  compafs,  is  known  at  lea  by  a  high  flen- 
dcr  mountain,  which  rifes  in  the  country  20 
miles  beyond  it,  called  the  Sugar-Loaf.  In 
T69J;,  there  happened  a  great  mortality  here, 
tiic  gcivernor  :ind  council  all  dying,  one  after 
anotlKi-,  in  a  Ihoit  time;  tlie  town  Handing 
on  a  Uinkmg  morafs,  not  agreeable  to  Eu- 
ropean conllurions:  wherefore,  in  1719, 
H  new  hirt  was  cree'ting  in  a  more  wholclome 
part,  and  fitter  for  regular  fbrtii'ications;  but 
no  liioncr  did  the  walls  begin  to  rife,  than 
the  nutivesrofeand  fet  firelothefortand  moll 
ot  the  Eiglilli  buildings;  tlie  governor,  gar- 
rifon,  5f 0.  ihouglit  bell  to  embai  k  for  Batavia 
with  ,;ll  I'peed,  leaving  lome  chells  of  money, 
artillery,  arms,  k.c.  behind.  But  the  natives 
a  year  after  fuffered  the  Englilh  to  return, 
and-  encouraged  them  to  pof'lels  again  their 
new  leitlenicnt.  and  proceed  with  buikiing 
tfivir  lort,  which  has  die  name  of  Marlbo- 


B  E  N 

rough  Fort.  The  adjacent  country  is  mnuri- 
tainous  and  woody,  and  there  are  many  vol- 
canoes in  the  ifland.  The  air  is  indeed  full  of 
malignant  vapours,  and  themountains  always 
covered  with  thick  clouds,  which  burfl  la 
florms  of  thunder,  rain,  &c.  Tame  buffa- 
loes may  be  had  here  in  plenty.  Fifh  and 
poultry  are  fcarce  and  dear.  The  foil  is  a 
fertile  clay,  producing  high  grafs;  but  near 
the  fea  it  is  all  morafs.  The  natives  build 
their  dwellings  on  bamboo  pillars.  It  was 
taken  by  the  French  in  the  year  1760,  and 
Fort  Marlborough  dcilroyed;  the  fart 'has 
fince  been  repaired.  Long.  102.  3.E.  Lat. 
3.50.  S. 

Bencoojiat,  a  town  on  the  louth-wefl  coaft 
of  Sumatra.  Long.  104.  12.  E.  Lat.  5.  30.  S. 

Be?i-Coivfe,  or  Nic-Kon.vfc,  a  town  of  Al- 
giers, in  the  province  of  Conflantina;  , fur- 
rounded  with  a  mud  wall,  and  defended  by 
a  garrifon  and  three  pieces  of  cannon.  The 
inhabitants  are  chiefly  Zwowiah,  under  the 
protection  of  Seedy  Laffan,  their  tutelar 
faint,  to  whofe  memory  they  pay  great  re- 
fpe6f  ;  and  the  revenues  of  whofe  fancfuary 
maintain  200  fcribes.  It  is  fituated  in  a 
valley,  with  a  circle  of  mountains  at  a  mode- 
rate diffance  from  it.  A  rivulet  glides  by  it 
to  the  weft  ;  but  being  impregnated  with  too 
many  nitrous  particles,  which  the  foil  is  here- 
fufficiently  charged  with,  the  water  is  fel- 
dom  made  ufe  of  in  the  offices  of  the  table 
or  kitchen.  We  have  the  traces  here  of  a 
large  city,  with  the  remains,  as  ufual,  of  pil- 
lars, broken  walls,  and  cifterns;  but  at  pre- 
fent  the  Bencowfians  make  themfelves  fa- 
mous for  the  tombs,  which  they  pretend  to 
fliew,  of  the  Seven  Sleepers,  whom  they 
ffrenuoufly  maintain  to  have  been  Muflid- 
men,  and  to  have  flept  at  this  place.  2.^ 
miles  SSE.  Seteef,  and  63  SW.  Conflantina. 

Ben-Cronachan,  one  of  ihehigheft  moun- 
tains of  Scotland,  in  Argylefliire,  near  Loch 
Awe. 

Bend,  a  tov/n  of  Perfia,  in  the  province  of' 
Farliilan.     loc  miles  NE.Schiras. 

Bend,  fee  Bafnir. 

Bend Eni'ir,  a  river  of  Perfia,  which  runs 
into  I.akc  Bnktegian,  30  miles  SW.  Baiza. 

Bend  J^Iohi,  a  river  of  Kurdiftan,  which 
runs  into  Lake  Van. 

Benda,  fee  Banda. 

Bcndak,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  cir- 
car  of  Bundelcund.     36  miles  N.  Callinger. 

Benddla,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  county 
of  Bergoo.     80  miles  SSW.  ^^^lra. 

Bendala,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Bornou.     150  miles  E.  Bornou. 

Bendali,  a  town  ot  Perfla,  in  the  province 
of  Kerman.     140  miles  S.  Sirgian. 

Bendiillah,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  the 
circar  of  Aurungabad.  25  miles  SW.Aurun- 
gabad. 


BEN 

BeniiartnaJanka,  a  town  of  IlindooRan,  in 
die  circar  of  Rajamundry-  38  niiies  S.  Raja- 
niuiidry,  and  50  NE.  Mai'ulipatani. 

Bcn-Dcirg,  a  mountain  ot  Scotland,  in 
the  county  of  Perth,  35.<;o  feet  above  thelevel 
of  the  fea.     7  miles  N.  Blair  Athol. 

Bendelly,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Cevlon.     Long.  8r.  30.  E.  Lat.  6.  16.  S. 

Bender,  or  Tckiu,  or  Tigiiic,  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Beflarabia,  (ituated  on 
the  Dniefter,  ftrong  and  regularly  fortified. 
It  was  feized  by  tlie  Rullians  in  tlie  year 
1770,  and  again  in  1789,  but  reftored  in 
1790.  Charles  XII.  king  of  Sweden,  when 
he  put  himfelf  under  the  protedion  of  the 
Turks,  relided  at  Bender;  until  retuhng  to 
quit  their  territory,  he  was  attacked  by  theoi; 
and,  being  made  prifoner,  was  carried  to  the 
neighbourhood  of  Adrianople,  where  he  re- 
mained another  year;  and  then  returned 
fecretly  to  his  own  dominions.  100  miles 
W.  Otchakov,  and  100  E.  Jaiii.  Long.  30. 
12.  E.     Litt.  47.  N. 

Bender  Abajji,  fee  Ganihron. 

Bender  Congo,  fee  Congo. 

Bender  Delem,  or  Benderd'tllon,  a  town  of 
Perfia,  in  the  province  of  Farfillan,  on  the 
north  coaft  of  the  Perlian  gulf.  130  miles  W. 
Schiras.     Long.^o.  12.  E.  Lat.%().  ^^.  N. 

Bender  Bojhavir,  fee  Bujheer. 

Bender  Ibrahim,  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Ibrahim,  in  the  Periian. 
gulf,     iz  miles  S.  Mina. 

Bender  Mafur,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the 
province  of  Chuliftan,  on  the  Perlian  gulf. 
90  miles  E.  BafTora. 

Bender  Rigk,  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  the 
province  of  Kerman,  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  Per'ian  gulf,  governed  by  an  Arabian 
prince,  who  has  other  pofli^liioiis  in  the  fame 
province,  which  render  him,  in  fome  refpccts 
dependent  on  the  throne  of  Perlia.  85  miles 
WSW.  Schiras.  Long.  50.  50.  E.  Lat. 
39.  18. N. 

Bender  Rijher,  or  Rifehahhr,  a  fortrefs 
of  Perlia,  on  the  north  coall:  of  the  gulf,  in 
the  province  of  Farfiftan  ;  in  a  ifate  of decav. 
18  miles  SE.  Buflieer.  Long.  si.  "i-^.  Lat. 
29.  18.  X. 

Bender  dit  Snr,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the 
province  ot  Kerman.    160  miles  S.  Sirgian. 

Bendo,  a  town  of  Guinea,  on  the  weft 
coaft.     Long.  II.  30.  W.  Lat.  7.  aj.  N. 

Ben-Doran,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in 
the  county  of  Argyle. 

Bendorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  and  chief 
place  of  a  bailiwic,  in  the  county  of  Sayn, 
inhabited  by  Roman  Catholics  and  Lutherans. 
In  1787,  the  Auftrians  were  defeated  by  the 
Ijench  near  this  town.  3  miles  N.  Coblentz. 

Bendrahad,  a  town  of  Hindooltan,  in 
Jlewat.     ^o  miles  NN  ^'v .  Agra. 

Bendfehtn,  fee  Berjnfik. 

Ben  Dubb,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  fituated 


BEN 

partly  in  King's  county,  and  partly  in  the 
county  of  Tipperarv.  i6ir.iles  W.Ktlkennv. 

Bene,  a  town  of  JMai.ce,  in  liie  depai  tnicnt 
ofthe  Stura ;  defended  by  a  callle.  It  con- 
tains aliout  4000  inhabitants,  two  churches, 
and  thice  convents.  In  April,  ijofi,  it  was 
taken  by  the  French.  7  miles  S.  Cherafco, 
and  28  S.  Turin.  I^org.  7.  ^i-  ^-  Lat, 
44.  3C.  N. 

Be/xelefy,  a  mountain  of  Syria.  10  miles 
W.  Antioch.  This  nsme,  which  fignifies  a- 
thouland  churches,  was  given  i:,  in  all  pro- 
bability, from  the  great  number  of  churches 
built  on  it  formerly, 

Ben-Ermoid,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in 
the  county  of  Sutherland.  16  m.  S.  Tongue. 

Benedetto,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment ot  the  Miiicio,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Po.     9  n-iil(.i  SSE.  Mantua."" 

Benekenftein,  fee  Ben.neckjlein. 

Benefaca,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Valencia.     30  miles  Valencia. 

Benefchau,  a  town  of  Silefia,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Troppau.     8  nnlesE.  Troppau. 

Benefeha'-M,  or  Penjl-n,  a  tov/n  of  Bohemia, 
in  the  circle  of  Kaurzim,  where  they  manu- 
faflure  the  beft  paper  in  Bohemia.  18  miles 
SW.  Kaurzim,  and  20  SSE.  Pf ague.  Long. 
14.  42.  E.     Lat.  49.  49.  N. 

Benefchaii',  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of^Bechin.     7  miles  SW.  Gratzen. 

Bencfzoiv,  or  Bendschin,  or  Ben/en,  fee 
Pan.zen. 

Benef,  a  town  of  France,  in  tiie  depart- 
ment of  Vendee.     10  miles  SE.  Fontenay. 

Bene-eenfe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment oi'^thc  Creufe.  10  miles  W.  Gucret, 
and  ID  NNW.  Bouiganeuf. 

Be/ievenio,  a  dutchy  of  Italy,  in  the  king- 
dom, of  Naples,  given  to  the  Pope  by  the 
Emperor  Henry  ;II.  in  exchange  for  fome 
feudal  rights  in  the  city  of  Bamberg,  which 
belonged  to  the  church.  A  fniall  diftriift, 
with  the  city  of  Benevento,  is  all  that  forms 
the  dutchy;  which  produced  about  6000 
crowns  a  year  to  the  Pope.  The  Lombards, 
after  fixing  the  feat  of  their  empire  at  Pavia, 
fent  a  detachment  to  poflefs  itfelf  of  the 
ftiuthern  provi.-ces.  In  the  year  571,  Zotto 
was  appointed  duke  of  Benevento,  as  a  feu- 
datory ofthe  King  of  Lombardy;  and  feems 
to  have  confined  his  rule  to  the  city  alone, 
from  which  he  fallied  forth  to  feck  for  bootv. 
Thefecond  duke,  whofe  name  was  Arechis, 
conquered  almoft  the  whole  country  that 
now  conftitutes  the  kingdom  of  Naples. 
Ilis  fucccffors  appear  long  to  have  remained 
fatisiied  with  the  extent  of  dominion  he  had 
tranlmittcd  to  them. :  Grimwr.ld,  one  of  them, 
ufurped  the  crown  of  Lombardy;  but  his 
fon  Romwald,  though  a  very  uicceisful  war- 
rior, contented  himlcif  witii  tiie  ducal  tiile. 
The  fall  of  De(id:rius,  th-  l.ft  king  of  the 
Lombards,  did  not  atFeiSt  the  ttate  of  Bene- 


BEN 


BEN 


rcn'o.  By  an  effort  of  policy,  or  refolution, 
.\rccb.isTI.kept  po/rellion;  ;ind  availing  hiiTi- 
IcIfoK  the  favourable  conjuncture,  afierted 
his  independence,  threw  off  all  feudal  iub- 
niiflion,  affunied  tlie  ftile  of  a  prince,  and 
coined  money  'vvilli  his  n\vn,image  npon  it; 
a  prerogative  exeicifed  by  none  of  his  pre- 
dcceffors  as  dukes  of  Benevento.  During 
four  reigns  this  itate  maintained  itfelf  on  a 
refpeftalDle  footing;  and  might  long  have 
continued  fo,  had  not  civil  wars,  added  to 
very  powerful  aflaults  from  abroad,  haftened 
its  ruin.  Radelchis  and  Siconulph  afpired 
to  the  principality;  and  each  of  them  invited 
the  Saracens  to  their  aid.  The  defciation 
caufed  by  this  conflict  is  fcarcely  to  be  de- 
fcribed  ;  no  better  method  for  terminating 
thefe  fatal  diiTentions  could  be  devifcd,  than 
dividing  the  dominions  into  two  diftin^t  fo- 
vereignties.  In  the  year  851,  Radelchis 
reigned  as  prince  of  Benevento;  and  his  ad- 
verfary  fixed  his  court,  with  the  fame  title, 
at  Salerno.  The  city  of  Benevento  alone 
efcapcd  the  fway  of  the  Normans,  by  a 
grant  which  the  Emperor  Henry  II.  had 
made  of  it  to  the  bifhop  of  Rome,  in  ex- 
change for  the  territory  of  Bamberg  in  Ger- 
niany,  where  the  popes  enjoyed  a  kind  of 
iovereignty.  From  the  year  1054  to  this 
day  the  Roman  fee,  with  fome  fiictrt  inter- 
ruptions of  poileilion,  has  exercifed  temporal 
dominion  over  the  city  and  dutcliy.  In  1806, 
tfiis  dutchy  was  given  to  Monf.  Talleyrand. 
Benevcnt-),  a  city  of  Naples,  capital  of  the 
Principato  Ultra,  and  fee  of  an  archbiiliop, 
creeled  in  969.  In  a  plain  near  the  toun, 
Charles  of  Anjou,  king  of  Naples,  defeated 
arid  killed  Manfred,  his  competitor,  in 
1266.  In  the  year  545,  this  city  was  taken 
and  laid  wafle  by  Totila ;  and  in  the  vear 
170.^,  it  fuffered  greatly  by  an  earthquake. 
It  contains  nine  churches,  twelve  convents 
tor  monks,  and  two  for  nuns.  Benevento  is 
fituatcd  on  the  flope,  and  at  the  point  of  a 
bill  between  two  narrow  vallies,  in  one  of 
which  runs  the  liver  Sabato,  in  the  other  the 
Calorc;  below  the  city  they  unite  into  one 
ftream.  Except  Rome,  no  city  in  Italy  can 
boafi:  of  fo  many  ruins  of  ancient  feulpture 
as  are  to  be  found  in  Benevento;  Icarce  a 
wall  \t  built  of  any  thing  but  altars,  tombs, 
columns,  and  remains  of  entablatures;  a  vo- 
lume might  be  lilJed  with,  in  icriptionscoUeded 
bi.Te.  The  cathedral  is  a  ciumi'y  edilice,  in  a 
icile  of  (iothic,  or  rather  Lomb.ird,  architec- 
ture, 'riiis  church,  dedicated  to  the  Virgin 
Mary,  was  built  in  the  fixth  century,  en- 
larged in  the  eleventh,  and  altered  conlider- 
ably  in  tlie  thirteenth,  when  archbiihop 
Roger  adorned  it  with  a  new  front.  The 
writers  uf  the  Beneventiiie  hiftory  unani- 
ipoully  c!ain>  pionud,  the  Etolian  chief,  for 
the  founder  of  their  city;  and  confequcnily 
:;.v  its  origin  jn  the  >ears  that  immediatelv 


fucceeded  the  Trojan  war.  Other  authors 
ailign  it  to  the  Samnites,  who  made  it  one 
of  their  principal  towns,  where  they  fre- 
quently took  refuge  when  worft;ed  by  the 
Romans.  In  their  time,  its  name  was  Male- 
ventum,  a  word  of  uncertain  etymology  ; 
however,  it  founded  fo  ill  in  the  Latin  tongue, 
that  the  fuperlritious  Romans,  after  atchie- 
ving  the  conqueft  of  Samnium,  changed  it 
into  Beneventum,  in  order  to  introduce  their 
colony  under  fortunate  aufpices.  Near  this 
place,  in  the  four  hundred  and  feventy-ninth 
year  of  Rome,  Pyrrhus  was  defeated  by  Cu- 
rius  Dentatus.  In  the  war  againff  Hannibal, 
Beneventum  fignalized  its  attachment  to 
Rome,  by  liberal  tenders  of  fuccour  and  real 
fervices.  Benevento  has  given  three  popes 
to  the  chair  of  St.  Peter,  viz.  Felix  III.  Vic- 
tor III.  and  Gregory  VIII.;  and  what  it  is 
much  prouder  of,  reckons  St.Januarius  in  the 
lift  of  its  bifhops.  30  m.  NE.  Naples,  23  E. 
Capua.    Z.^//f.  14.  38.E.    /.;7/.4i.  7.  N. 

Ben-Even,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Invernefs.  21  m.E.  Fort  William. 

Benfeld,  or  Benfdden,  a  town  of  France, 
and  principal  place  of  a  diftrift,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Rhine,  fituated  on 
thellle.  9  miles  NNE.  Sehlettfhit,  and  12 
S.Strafburg.  Long.  'j.ao.'E.  /.a^.  48.  22.N. 

Benezi,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Diarbekir,  on  the  Euphrates. 
15  miles  NW.Naufa. 

5t'«-i^/W,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in  the 
iOand  of  Coll. 

Bengal,  a  country  of  India,  and  rnoft  eaf^- 
erly  of  Hindooftan,  lying  on  each  fide  of  the 
Ganges,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  coun- 
try of  Bootan,  on  the  caft  by  Aiiam  and 
Mccklev,  on  the  fouth  by  the  fea  cal'td  the 
bay  of  Bengal,  and  on  the  welt  by  Bahar 
and  Orilfa;  extending  from  86.  to  92.  30.  E. 
long,  and  from  21.  30.  to  26.  40.  N.  lat. 
Bengal  anciently  formed  a  particular  king- 
dom, and  was  fometimes  dividedinto  fcveral. 
It  was  united  to  the  Mogul  empire  by  Hu- 
maion,  the  third  of  the  'I'artar  emperors, 
and  afterwards  by  Eckar,  one  of  his  fuccefs- 
ars,  who  divided  it  into  twenty-two  dillrids. 
It  is  one  of  the  richeft  counti  ies  of  India ;  the 
climate  is  foft  and  temperate,  and  the  land 
is  wonderfully  fertilized  by  abundant  and 
periodical  rains,  by  which  the  rivers,  and 
efpecially  the  Ganges,  overflow  the  country ; 
fo  that  theinhabiiantsare  compelled  in  many 
places  during  the  inundation  to  make  ufe  of 
boats.  Silk,  cotton,  rice,  fugar,  and  pepper, 
are  the  principal  produiSlions.  The  Englifh 
began  the  commerce  in  the  reign  of  Eliza- 
beth, but  had  no  regular  eifablilhments. 
Afterwards  the  Great  Mogul  granted  thcni 
a  di^h■i^^t  of  land,  on  which  they  ereded  a 
faftory,  Laiildings,  and  magazines,  from 
whence  they  fent  their  merchandize,  of 
which  indigo  was  the  chief,  ii:itQ  the  iutti:io4' 


BEN 


BEN 


parts  of  IlindoolTan.  They  now  fend  doth 
and  woollen  ftuli's,  Tilt,  copper,  iron,  lead, 
and  other  merchandizes,  v.hicli  they  bring 
from  Europe ;  ;ind  purchafe  thence  Indian 
linens,  (iiks,  ftuffs,  dimities,  raw  lilk,  drugs, 
falt-petre,  diamonds,  and  otlier  articles, 
■which  load  the  vcfi'els  for  the  return.  Among 
the  articles  of  trade  trom  one  part  of  India 
to  the  other,  one  of  the  principal  is  opium. 
Cotton  '\z  brought  from  Bombay  and  Surat  to 
Ef  ngal,  and  pepper  is  carried  from  Bengal 
to  China.  The  whole  country  belongs  to 
tlieEr.glilh  Eail -India  Company,  and,  toge- 
ther with  the  country  of  Bahar,  produces  a 
neat  annual  revenue  of  1,290,000!.  The 
Englilh  Eaft-India  Company  exercifethe  fo- 
vereignty,  make  laws,  eftablifh  tribunals,  and 
govern  the  whole  with  an  unlimited  autho- 
rity. Calcutta  is  the  capital  ;  the  principal 
rivers  are  the  Ganges,  Burrampooter,  Dum- 
niooda,  Coofy,  Sanpou  or  Teeflra,  betides 
many  fmaller  ones. 

Bengal  Pajfage,  a  channel  of  the  Eafl- 
Indian  Sea,  about  12  miles  broad,  between 
Pulo-Braffe  and  Pulo-Way. 

Bengal  Point,  a  cape  on  the  north  coafl 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Matthew,  in  the  Mergui 
Archipelago.     Lat.  10.  5.  N. 

Bengalponr,-  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude,  on  the  Dewah.     50  m.  SE.Fyzaoad. 

Bengafi,  fee  BingazL 

Bengevaij  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Segeflan.    jo  miles  8.  Zareng. 

Beughur,  a  town  of  Candahar.  32  miles 
N.  Cabul. 

Be>'.-Gloe,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Perth,  the  higheil  point  of  which 
is  3724  feet  above  the  level  of  the  fea.  5 
miles  NE.  Blair-Athol. 

Bengo,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Angola,  at 
the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  fame  name.  15 
miles  8.  Laonda. 

Bengo,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  rifes  in 
Angola,  and  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  l^at. 
8.  50.  8. 

Bcngore-Hcad,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  on  the 
north  coaft  of  the  county  of  Antrim.  10  m. 
NE.  Coleraine.     Long.  6.  19.  Vv.      Lat. 

B:ngiie!a,  a  country  of  Africa,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Angola,  on  tlie  <t\i\  by  the 
country  of  Jaga  CafTangi,  on  the  fouth  by 
Mataman,  and  on  the  welt  by  the  fja  ;  Cape 
Negro  forms  its  Ibuthern  bound '.ries,  from 
whence  mountains  run  northward,  in  which 
are  contained  the  fprings  of  many  rivers. 
The  productions  arc  nearly  iimilar  to  thofe 
of  Angola  and  Congo  ;  one  oFdie  principal 
is  Manioc;  divers  forts  of  palms  are  found  ; 
dates  grow  in  great  abundance;  the  vines 
naturai.'y  form  allies  and  harbours;"  cafTia 
and  tamarinds  alfo  ilourilh :  and,  from  the 
humidity  of  the  foil,  they  have  two  fruit  fea- 
ibns  in  the  year.    The  air  of  the  country  is 


exceedingly  unwholefome,  ard  is  faid  even 
to  alteft  Its  pioduce,  and  taint  the  waters  of 
the  rivers.  Few  Europeans  care  to  venture 
on  land,  lb  that  we  knaw  but  little  of  the 
ll:ate  of  the  country.  Moft  parts  of  the  king- 
dom were  once  populous,  but  have  fufFered 
much  by  frequent  wars;  the  chief  towns  are 
Old  Bengucla,  St.  Philip,  or  New  Ben- 
cuela,  and  Man-ki-kondo,  and  Xafchil. 
Lo7ig.  30.  to  35. E.  Lat.  13.  30.  to.  ij.  30.  S. 

Bengucla,  (Old,)  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
province  {o  called,  fituated  on  the  fouth  fide 
of  a  bay,  to  which  it  gives  name,  near  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  Long.  13.  50.  E.  Lat, 
10.  50.  S. 

Benguela,  (Ne'w,)  or  St.  Philip,  a  town 
in  the  country  of  Benguela,  on  the  north 
fide  of  a  large  bay,  called  by  the  Portuguefe 
Bahia-das-'caccas;  where  the  Portuguefe  have 
a  fettlement,  and  a  governor  refides,  with  a 
fmall  garrifon.  100  miles  N.  Benguela. 
Long.  13.  30.  E.     Lat.  12.  28.  N. 

Beni-Ara-x,  fee  Beni-Rajl?id. 

Beni-Ajfer,  a  town  of  Egypt,  z  miles 
N.  Afna.  ^ 

Beni-Kafan,  a  town  of  Egvpt,  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  the  Nile,  remarkable  for  its  grottos, 
dug  in  the  mountains,  which  formerly  Avere 
ufed  for  temples.     6  miles  N.  Aflimunein. 

Bcni-Jclue,  a  town  of  Egypt,  vz  miles  S. 
Afiimunein. 

Beni-yehie,  a  town  of  Egypt.  8  miles  S. 
Enfene. 

Beni-Maran,  a  town  of  Egypt.  9  mik* 
S.  Afhmunein. 

Beni-Cuarid,  a  town  of  Africa.  70  miles 
S.  Tripoli. 

Benihafen,  fee  Hahat. 

Bcni-mezzah,  a  dilfriift  of  Africa,  in  the 
country  of  Algiers,  fouth  of  Mount  Atlas, 
inhabited  by  a  tribe  of  Africans,  who  poffefs 
a  number  of  villages,  but  pay  no  tribute  to 
the  Algerines.  They  are  the  only  people 
employed  in  the  Haughter-houfes  of  Algiers, 
and  fuppofed  to  be  defcendants  of  the  Me- 
lanogsetuli.  Gardeiah  is  the  chief  town. 
Lofig.  2.  to  3.  E.     Lat.  32.  to  33.  N. 

Beni-Mifur,  a  town  of  Egypt.  3  miles 
S.  Abu-Girge. 

Beni-  Mohamed  el  Kifiir,  a  town  of  Egypt. 
9  miles  S.  Abu-Girge. 

Beni-Rajhid,  or  Beni-Arax,  a  town  of 
Africa,  in  Algiers.  It  is  a  mud-walled  town, 
inhabited  by  a  tribe  of  independent  Arab", 
who  were  formerly  a  race  of  heroes,  with  a 
citadel  and  2000  houfes.  The  citadel  is  now 
in  ruins,  and  the  houfes  reduced  to  a  few 
cott;)ges. 

Bcni-Samti,  a  town  of  Egypt.  2  miles 
S.  Abu-Girge. 

Beni-Sl^ekir,  a  town  of  Egypt.  6  miles 
NW.  Manfalout. 

Beniagur.gc,  a  town  of  Kindooflan,  i.i 
Oude.     1 8  miles  S.  Lucku ow. 


BEN 


BEN 


B-:niajrlo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Vafencia? 
celebrated  for  the  wine  whicli  is  made  in  its 
ric!j;iil")ourhood.     3  miles  N.  Pcnifcola. 

Bcivfajo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia.. 
ij-  i-.tilcs  NW.  Valenci;i.' 

Bcviganiy  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia. 
4  miles  SE.  St.  Felipe. 

Beiilghchiis  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Wurtcniberfr.  i  j  miles  N.  Stutt- 
gart, and  8  SSW.  Hcilbronn. 

BemlcU  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak.  145 
miles  NW.  Balmra. 

Ilcnbit  a  country  or  kingdom  of  Africa, 
extending  a  courie  of  i8a  miles  on  the 
borders  of  the  Atlantic  ;  how  far  it  extends 
inland  is  not  known  ;  it  is  watered  by  a 
great  number  of  ftrcams,  fome  of  which 
a^re  conliderable  rivers.  The  foil  near  the 
fea  coaft  is  low  and  marfliy,  and  the  climate 
unhealthy ;  farther  from  the  fea  the  land  is 
more  elevated,  and  the  air  more  pure.  In 
fome  dilbids  fprings  are  fo  rare,  that  officers 
Rre  appointed  tofupply  travellers  with  frefli 
water,  who  elfe  mufl:  die  v.'ith  tliirlf;  but 
this  commodity  is  not  given;  he  who  drinks 
nnift  pay.  In  the  rivers  are  a  great  number 
cf  crocodiles,  fea-horfes,  and  a  fpecics  of  tor- 
pedo, with  many  kinds  of  excellent  fifli. 
Among  the  animals  are  elephants  in  great 
numbers,  tygers,  leopards,  ft^gs,  wild  boars, 
apes,  civet  cats,  mountain  cats,  hcrfcs,  h;.rcs, 
and  hairy  flicep ;  there  are  a  vaft  number  of 
vcptiks,  li'vpents  and  others.  Of  the  birds, 
the  principal  are  paroquets,  pigeons,  par- 
tridges, florks,  and  oflriches.  The  foil  in 
general  is  tertile;  ornngcs  and  lemons  grow 
on  the  iidc  of  the  roads ;  the  pepper  which 
grows  here  is  Imallerthisn  that  of  the  Indies; 
cotton  grows  on  a  tree  which  abounds  every 
where;  the  w;iter  is  moft  excellent.  The 
regvocs  of  Benin  arc  ihid  to  be  kind  and  ho- 
relt,  yielding  to  mildnels,  but  with  great 
courage  rcfilting  injufiice;  attached  to  their 
ancicntcuiloms;theyarecompiaif.rnttoftran- 
gers,  generous,  fenJible,  yet  rd'eived  and 
diffident:  the  children  of  b(;th  i'excs  are  cir- 
cumcilcd,  and  go  naked  till  tliey  are  twelve 
\-ears  of  age.  Polygamy  is  con-.mon,  and  the 
Kin'g  is  laid  to  have  600  wives.  Jealous  of 
eych  other,  they  offer  their  v;ivcG  to  an  Eu- 
ropean. 'J'hc  king  excrcifes  an  ;ihrokite  au- 
thority o\  vM-  his  fubjee'ts;  three  f  re:it  ofncers, 
di!tint:ui(hed  bv  a  itring-  of  coral,  continually 
aitend  ujion  him,  to  confiilt,  intlrue^,  or  de- 
ride in  his  name.  'J'hc  King  names  his  fuc- 
Ceifor  among  his  fons,  who  is  not  publicly 
announced  till  after  the  death  of  his  lather. 
A  ieg<'ncy  Is  apponncl,  which  then  takes 
die  admiiniltration  of  affairs,  while  the  new 
king  elceT  is  removed  fome  miles  from  the 
capi!;;!,  tlierc  to  learn  the  art  of  government; 
the'  lii  ll-triiii-  of  wl.ich,  on  his  return,  is 
rut:iiig  to  death  the  reli:  ofhis  brothers.  He 
luiuly  ilicws  himi'elf,  and  always  with  ponjp 


amidft  his  wives  and  concubines:  his  reve- 
nues are  conliderable,  and  he  can  bring  an 
army  of  100,000  men  into  the  field.  As  to 
their  religion,  they  feem  to  have  an  idea  of 
and  a  reverence  for  a  Supreme  Being  ;  but 
mixed  with  a  number  of  idolatrous  and  ab- 
furd  ceremonies.  The  dreis  of  the  inhabi- 
tants is  neat  and  ornamental ;  the  rich  among 
them  wear  fivil  white  calico  or  cotton  pet- 
ticoats, about  a  yard  in  length,  and  half  a 
yard  in  breadth,  by  way  of  drawers  :  this 
they  cover  with  another  fine  piece  of  calico 
of  fixteen  or  twenty  yards,  which  they  very 
artfully  and  becomingly  plait  in  the  middle, 
throwing  over  it  a  fcarf,  a  yard  long,  and  a 
foot  wide,  the  ends  of  wnich  are  adorned 
witli  a  handfome  lace  or  fringe.  As  to  tlie 
upper  part  of  the  body,  it  is  moflly  naked. 
Such  is  the  drefs  in  which  they  appear  in 
public;  at  home  their  cloathing  is  more 
fimple  and  Icfs  expenfive,  coniifting  only  of  a 
coarfe  pair  of  drawers,  covered  with  a  large 
painted  cloth,  v/orn  in  the  manner  of  a  cloak,, 
of  liome  manufadture. 

Benin,  a  city  of  Africa,  and  capkal  of 
Benin.  The  ffreets  are  prodigious  long  and 
broad,  where  are  continual  markets  for  kine, 
cotton, elephants'  teeth, andEuropean  wares; 
notv.ithftanding  which  they  are  kept  very 
clean.  The  houfes  arc  large  and  handfome, 
with  clay  walls  and  covered  with  reed,  l^raw, 
or  leaves.  The  town  is  pleafantly  fituated  on 
the  river  Formofa.  It  was  once  a  very  po- 
pulous place,  but  now  not  fo.  The  king's 
court  is  fituated  in  a  large  plain.  The  in- 
habitants are  all  natives,  foreigners  not  being 
permitted  to  live  in  the  city.  Here  are  feveral 
rich  men,  who  continually  attend  court,  not 
troubling  thcmfelves  with  either  trade,  agri- 
culture, or  any  thing  elfe;  but  leave  all  to 
their  numerous  wives,  who  go  to  all  the  cir- 
cumjacent villages,  to  trade  in  all  forts  of 
merchandifes,  or  other v/ife  ferve  for  daily 
■wages,  and  are  obliged  to  bring  the  greateft 
part  of  their  gains  to  their  hufbands.  All 
male  flaves  here  are  foreigners;  for  the  in- 
habitants cannot  be  Ibid  for  flaves,  only  they 
bear  the  name  of  the  king's  flaves.  Long. 
5.  5.  E,     Lcrt.G.  15.  N.  _ 

Beiiioleed,  a  town  of  Tripoli.  100  miles 
S.  Tripoli. 

Bc;:ifa,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia.  10 
miles  S.  Denia. 

Beuipour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  18  miles  S. 
Calcutta. 

Beuizcttc,  a  village  of  Piedmont,  and  a 
place  of  fome  conlequence  as  a  port.  On 
the  i.^th  of  October,  1799,  it  was  taken  from 
the  Aulbians  by  the  French.  The  next  day 
it  was  retaken,  with  the  lofs  of  about  1000 
French,  and  .^oo  Auftiians.  On  the  19th, 
the  French  recovered  it  again. 

B^ni/inf,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Nile, 
the  capital  of  a  dllhi^it,  and  icfidcncc  of  a 


BEN 


BEN 


bey:  it  is  large,  with  manufaiSlures  ofcarpets, 
and  ftuft"  made  of  woollen  and  linen  mixed ; 
the  houf'es  are  built  with  bricks  baked  in  the 
fun.  50  miles  S.  Cairo.  Long.  31.  16.  E, 
Lat.  29.  II.  N. 

Benkat,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Turkedan, 
on  the  Sihon.     6  miles  N.  Talhkund. 

Btnki'ini,  a  town  of  Prufli.i,  in  llie  pro- 
vince of  Sudavia.     iz  m.  ENE.  Angerburg. 

Be)'.kem,  a  town  of  Pruilia,  in  Natangen. 
16  miles  SE.  Brandenburc;. 

Bdnkmi,  a  town  of  SwilTerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Zurich.     20  miles  N.  Zurich. 

Bcn-Lwwers,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in 
the  county  of  Perth,  4015  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  fea.     1 1  miles  S.  George-town. 

Ben-Levagh^  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Gal  way.     4  miles  SW.  Rofs. 
•  Ben-Lodi,  a  mountain    of    Scotland,   in 
Perthdiire,  3009  feet  in  height  above  the  level 
of  the  lea.     4  miles  SW.  Callander. 

Ben-Lomond.,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in 
the  county  of  Stirling,  3240  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  fea.     26  miles  W.  Stirling. 

B^'n-Loy,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  on  the 
confines  of  the  counties  of  Argyli;  and  Perth. 
I J  miles  NE.  Invcrary. 

Ben-Nezis,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Invernefs,  43  70  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  fea.     7  miles  E.  Fort- William. 

Ben-More,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in 
Perthfhire,  whofe  height  is  faid  to  be  3903 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  fea.  ao  miles 
W.  Crief. 

BeuKsckJlL'h:,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
lordfaip  of  Kiettcnberg.  13  miles  N.  Nord- 
haufen,  18  SW.  Halberftadt.  Long.  10.  50. 
E.     /.rtA5i.42.  N. 

Bennecum,  a  town  of  Guelderland.  a  m. 
N.  Wageningen. 

^^/;-iVi?z;fl;i^_^^, mountains oflreland,  in  the 
county  of  Londonderry.  8  m.  W.  Coleraine. 

Bennington,  a  town  ot  the  United  States 
of  America,  and  capital  of  Vermont,  in  the 
county  called  alfo  Bennington,  lituated  near 
the  Green  Mountain,  on  the  borders  of  the 
ftate  of  New-York,  on  the  Hofick.  In  1777, 
a  party  difpatched  from  die  Britifh  arn;iy, 
under  Colonel  Baum,  were  attacked  by  the 
Americans,  under  General  Starke :  after  a 
brave  refilfance,  in  which  many  were  killed 
and  wounded,  the  reft  furrendered  prifoners 
of  war-,  and  in  the  evening  of  the  fame  day, 
another  party,  under  the  command  of  Col. 
Breynian,  fent  to  join  Col.  Baum,  were  at- 
tacked likewife,  and  though  a  retreat  was 
effected,  theyfuffered  great  lofs.  18  miles 
from  the  conflux  of  the  Mohock  and  ILid- 
fon's  rivers,  118  WNW.  Boflon,  and  135  N. 
New- York .  Long.  jz-S-  ^^'^'  i-'V/.  4  2 . 5  2 .  N. 

Ejnv.ifchy  or  Bcndjjehi,  a  town  of  Silefia, 
in  the  principality  of  Jagerndorf.  7  miles 
SW.  Jagerndorf,  22  WSW.  Ratibor.  Long. 
17.  3^.  E.     jL^7/.  49- 53- ^• 


BemiyL'y  a  to'.vn  of  Ilindooftan,  in  Oude. 
18  miles  SE.  Gooracpour.  Long.  83.  55.  E. 
Z.r£.  26.  37.  N. 

Benodst  Ijlunds,  fo  called  by  Monileur 
Alouarn,  fee  Boyne. 

Benon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Charente.  16  miles  NNE. 
Rochefort,  and  13  E.  Rochelle. 

Benou,  a  town  of  Arabia.  130  miles  SE. 
El  Catif. 

Benoav?n.  a  town  of  Africa,  and  capital  of 
Ludamar.     Long.  7.  10.  W.    LaL  15.  5.  N. 

BennidyA  town  of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Berg.     7  miles  SSE.  Duffeldorp. 

BensL'ergj  a  town  of  Germany,  in  tlie 
dutchy  of  Berg,  where  the  Eie^fcor  Palatine 
has  a  chateau.     7  miles  E.Muiheim. 

Bcnff,  fee  Breni. 

Bei!jha:ijl-n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  rienneberg.  7  m.  SE.  Smalkalden. 
_  Benjhchn,  a  town  of  Gern:any,  in  tlie 
circle  of  the  Upper  Rhine,  and  archbiihopnc 
of  Mentz,  given,  in  1S02,  to  the  Land- 
grave of  HejTc-Darmftadt.  20  miles  K. 
Heidelberg,  and  10  ENE.  Worms. 

Bcnfecour,  a  river  of  Welf-Florida,  which 
runs  into  Mobile  bay,  Long.  87.  40.  Vv'. 
Lai.  30.  24.  N. 

Benfingfon,  or  Benfon,  a  village  of  Eng- 
land^in  Oxfordfhire,  near  the  Thames.  Here 
OfFa  king  of  Mereia  defeated  Ivinewulph 
king  of  the  Weft-Saxons.  In  i8ci,  it  con- 
tained 81 1  inhabitants.     12  miles  S.  Oxford. 

Bentendorf  'Jeplitz.7,  a  tov.'n. of  Hungary. 
4  miles  NE.  Rofenberg. 

Benthauh  a  townfnip  of  England,  in  the 
Weft  Riding  of  Yorkftiire,  vvith  1487  inha- 
bitants, and  426  empl'ived  in  trade  and 
manufatSfures.     7  miles  NW.  Settle. 

Bentheiifi,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  and  capital 
of  a  county,  to  v/hich  it  gives  lame,  fituated 
on  an  eminence;  it  contains  one  Roman- 
Catholic,  and  one  Proieftant  church.  The 
caifle,  or  palace,  is  flanked  with  towers.  In 
1 799,  it  was  taken  by  the  Frer^ch.  26  miles 
NZvTW.  Munfter,  24W,  Oihabruck.  Long. 
7.  3.E.  Lat.  52.  22.  N. 

Benthe'nn,  a  county  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Weftphalia,  bounded  on  the  north 
and  wcff  by  Overiftel,  on  the  eaft  and  fouth 
by  the  bifuopric  of  Munfter,  about  40  miles 
ia  length,'  and  from  3  to  12  in  breadth  ; 
the  foil  is  in  general  fertile,  and  produces 
more  than  is  futficier.t  for  the  inhabitants.  In 
the  mountains  are  found  quarries  of  excellent 
ftoncs;  the  plains  are  divided  into  fertile  corn- 
fields, and  beautiful  meadows,  where  they 
feed  great  quantities  of  iheep'andcattlc;  nnd 
theforefis  abound  with  game  :  the  principal 
commerce  confifts  in  thread,  wool,  linen 
cloth,  honey,  cattle,  ftone  for  buildifig,  wood, 
&:c.  The  principal  river  is  the  VechtC;  which, 
runstl-.ror.gh  the  county,  and  is^navigable  for 
boats.     1  he  principal  tov/ns  are  Bentheini, 


B  E  R 


B  E  R 


Fchuttorf,  Northorn,  and  Nienhus.  The 
county  of  Benthf  ini  is  rated  at  152  ilorins  a 
month,  or  6  horfc  and  20  foot:  and  for  each 
L-Imniber  term,  at  121  rix-dolhirs  66kruitzers. 
In  1753,  this  county- was  mortgaged  for  30 
rears  to  the  eleftorate  of  Hanover,  for 
700,000  rix-dollars.  On  the  death  of  the 
Count,  in  1803,  the  Count  of  Steinfurt,  as 
Ifting  the  next  relation,  purchafed  of  the 
French,  who  were  then  in  pofl'eiTion  of  Ha- 
nover,  the  right   of  pofTcIIion. 

Benthorn,  a  town  of  Holland.  6  miles 
£i;E.  Lcyden. 

ijep.thulud,^  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
'  dcmof  Fez,  at  the  footof  theAtk'SiMountain, 

Benthnyfen,  a  town  of  Koliand.  6  miles 
£.  Leyden. 

Betit'mck's  j4rn;s-  two  branches  of  an  inlet 
of  the  North  Pacilic  Ocean,  difcovered  by 
Gapt.Vancouvcr,  on  the  weil'  coaft  of  North- 
America  :  one  to  the  north-eaft,  the  other 
to  the  fouih-eaff.  Long.  233-  to  233.  ai.E. 
I.:!t.  ^2.  0. 1052.  25.  N. 

Benihoglio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Reno.     7  miles  N.  Bologna. 

Bento?!,  a  town  of  North-Carolina,  az 
iiijl'.'s  N.  Edenton. 

Bcntcty  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  Cey- 
ior.     45  miles  S.  Columbo. 

Bsn-Vorlkh,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in 
the  county  of  Perth.  The  height  3300  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  fea. 

Bi7iivell,  a  townfiiip  of  England,  in  Nor- 
thumberland. In  iSor,  the  population  was 
9JI,  of  y.'hich  848  v/ere  employed  in  trade 
and  manufacftures.     2  miles  W.  Newcaftle. 

Een-lVyrv'n,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in 
th.e  county  of  Rofs.  7  miles  NW.  Dingwall. 

jjL'ny,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
o\  the  Calvados.    6  miles  NNW.  Caen. 

Beny,  (I.e,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Calvados.  21  milts  SW. 
Caen,  and  6  N.  Vire. 

Bc'pqfce,  a  town  of  IlindooRan,  in  Alla- 
habad.    12  miles  N.  Corah. 

Bequencciirt,  a  town  of  Canada,  on  the 
Ictt  bank  of  the  St.  Laurence.  Long.  71. 
42.  W.     7.^/.  46,  38.  N. 

BcqiteiKoiirf,  a  town  of  Canada,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  St.  Laurence.    Long.  72. 

2  1.  W.    Zrt/.  46. 25.N. 

Bequct,  a  town  of  Canada,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  St.  Laurence.  Long.  72.  4.  W. 
Laf.  46.  40.  N. 

Bcra,  a  livcr  of  Swabia,  whicli  runs  into 
the  Danube,  near  Fridingcn. 

.fifn/Z-rrt/Aalakeof  Morth-America.  Long. 
97.  W.     Lat.  60.  3.  N. 

Bciwa,  a  town  of  8yria.    7  miles  N.  Acre. 

Bciiun,  lee  Ihimo. 

Bti-tVH.xndy,  a  town  of  Bengal.  76  nnles 
NW.  Midnapour. 

Bauf'ntn,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Nile. 

3  miles  NE,  Munlora. 


BiTiingieh,  or  Burgein,  a  town  of  Egypt, 
on  the  left  bankof  the  Nile.  22  m.  S.Abutige. 

Berapour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Vifia- 
pour.     40  miles  SW.  Raibaug. 

Berar,  or  Barar,  a  province  of  Hindoo- 
flan,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Malwa  and 
Allahabad;  on  the  eaft  by  Orifla,  on  the  fouth 
by  Hydrabad,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  Candeifti 
andDowlatabad.  This  province  is  fertile  in 
wheat,  rice,  poppies,  and  many  forts  of  le- 
gimres.  In  die  Ibuthern  part  is  found  the 
deer  which  yields  the  bezoar  ftone.  The 
fticepof  this  province  are  of  adiff"erent  fpe- 
cies  from  the  common,  the  neck  is  length- 
ened, the  tail  very  fhort,  their  ears  long,  and 
their  wool  not  curled.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Ganga,  Barnah,  and  Pouneah.  It 
was  formerly  a  kingdom,  it  is  now  divided  ; 
part  of  it  is  fubjccSl  to  a  rajah,  and  part  of  it 
to  the  Nizam,  or  prince  of  the  Deccan. 

Berajlegue,  a  mountain  of  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Guipufcoa.  9  miles  Tolofa. 

Beraiin,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  and  capital 
of  a  circle  of  the  ftme  name  ;  fometimes 
called  the  Circle  of  Podverd.  The  prin- 
cipal produce  of  the  circle  is  wood  and 
corn  :  the  Muldau  and  the  Mies  yield  abun- 
dance of  fifti,  and  in  fome  parts  are  found 
mines  of  iron.  The  town  Beraun  was  built 
in  the  year  746;  but  its  opulence  does  not 
k-eep  pace  with  its  antiquity ;  it  is  fituated  on 
the  Mies,  or  Miza.  14  miles  SW.  Prague. 
Long.  14. 13.  E.  Lat.  49.  57.  N. 

Beraun,  fee  Biikrn. 

Berbach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Culmbach.     4  miles  S.  Neuftatt. 

Berhecz,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
which  runs  into  the  Birlat,  near  Tecuczi,  in 
the  province  of  Moldavia. 

Btrhtgal,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon. 
7  miles  \V.  Balbaftro. 

Berhi,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Ivory 
Coaft.     Long.  7.  20.  W.  Lat.  4.  50.  N. 

Bc-rhi,  (El J,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  (ite 
of  the  ancient  Abydus.     3  miles  W.  Girgc. 

Bcrbice,  a  river  of  South-America,  in  the 
country  of  Surinam,  whicli  gives  name  to  a 
Dutch  fetdcment,  in  which  are  cultivated 
cotton,  indigo,  &c.  The  lettlement  was 
taken  by  the  Englifh,  in  the  year  1781;  they 
were  foon  after  driven  out  by  the  French, 
and  the  lettlement  reftored  to  the  Dutch. 
In  the  year  1796,  it  was  again  taken  by  the 
Englifh.  The  river  runs  into  the  Atlantic, 
Laf.  6.  30.  N. 

Berbinn,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Montagna.     5  miles  N.  Lecco. 

Berhudo,  fee-  Barbuda. 

Bcrburg,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partm.tnt  of  the  Forefts.  la  miles  NE. 
Luxemburg. 

Bcrcady  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Braclaw,  near  the  Bog.  50  miles 
SSE.  Bntcluw. 


B  E  R 


B  E  R 


Bcrchm,  a  town  of  Brabant.  4  miles  SW. 
Ravcllein. 

Birchcni,  or  Bergen,  a  town  of  Fir.ncc,  in 
the  department  of  the  Rocr.  9  miles  £. 
Juliers, 

Berchier,  a  town  of  SwiiFerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne.     10  miles  N.  Laullinne. 

Bcrchlng,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifhopric  of  Aichft:itt,  on  the  Sulz.  22  miles 
NE.  Aichilatt,  and  26  WNW.  Raiilbon. 
Long.  II.  27.  E.  Lat.  49.  .^.  N. 

Berchtoldfdorf  or  Petcrfdorf,  a  town  of 
Aullria.     6  miles  SW.  Vienna. 

Berchtoldfgaden,  or  Bercbtefgadi:ti,  a  pro- 
voftihip,  and  principality  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  of  Bavaria,  environed  in  thearch- 
blliiopric  of  Salzburg,  but  exempt  from  the 
jurifdidion  of  that  lee,  and  only  fubjed  to 
the  Pope.  It  is  wholly  mountainous,  and 
contains  two  towns  and  a  few  villages :  it 
contains  alfo  feveral  lakes.  It  is  aifelTed 
two  horfes  and  twenty  foot,  or  100  fiorins 
for  a  Roman  month,  and  pays  each  cham- 
ber term  121  rix-dollars,  66  kreutzers.  In 
1802,  this  provoftfliip  was  given  with  Salz- 
burg, &c.  as  an  indemnity  to  the  Duke  of 
Tuicany,  and  made  part  of  the  circle  of 
Auftria. 

Berchtoldfgaden,  a  town  of  Germar.y,  and ' 
chief  place  of  a  provoftfaip  to  which  it 
gives  name,  in  the  circle  of  Auflria,  on  a 
imall  river  which  runs  into  thj  Sa'.zach.  14 
miles  S.  Salzburg.  Long.  12.  57.  E.  Lat. 
47-  io-  N. 

Berckel,  a  town  of  Holland.  5  n)iles  E. 
Delft. 

Berckel,  a  river  of  Germany,  vv'hich  rifes 
in  the  bifhopric  of  Muniler,  and  runs  into 
the  IfTel,  at  Zutphen. 

Berckfenhroeckj  a  town  of  Holland.  6  m. 
N.  Rotterdam. 

Berdy  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs  into 
the  Oby,  near  Berlkoi. 

Berdaa,  a  tov/n  of  Perfian  Armenia.  In 
1386,  it  was  taken  by  Timur  Eec.  40  miles 
SW.  Scamachie,  and  140  E.  Erivan.  Long. 
47.  12  E.  Lat.  ^o.  10.  N. 

Berdanieh,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Caramania.  32  miles  N.  Alanieh,  and  90 
SSW.  Konieh. 

Bcrdafchir,  fee  Bar  ft  r. 

Berdjan,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Segeftan. 
60  miles  NNW.  Zareng.     Long.  60.  50.  E. 

Lclt.  32;  SS'  N. 

Berdiczonx),  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Volhynia.  148  miles  ESE.  Lucko, 
and  324  SW.  Warfaw. 

Berdoa,  fee  Bnrgu. 

Berdun,  fee  Verdun. 

Bere  AlJIon,  a  borough  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Devon,  which  fends  two 
members  to  parhament.  It  has  a  weekly 
market  on  Saturdays.  5  miles  from  Tavii- 
tock,  and  an  W.  London. 


Bere  Regis,  a  town  of  England,  in  Dor- 
fetflnre,  wich  396  inhabitants!.  Near  it  is 
Woodbury-Ilill,  celebrated  for  its  annual 
fair.  It  has  a  weekly  market  on  Wcdiiefdays. 
9  miles  from  Biandford,  113  W.  London. 

Berefi/^rd,  a  town  and  bay  on  the  eaft 
coaft  of  Iceland.     Lat.  64.  26.  N. 

Beregfzaz,  a  town  of  Hungary.  24  miles 
N.  Zatmar. 

Berela,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Sierra  Leona.     25  m.  NNE.  Portlogo. 

Bcreilly,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  the  Ro- 
hilcund  Circar.  120  miles  NNW.  Lucknow, 
and  112  E.  Delhi.  Long.  79.  45.  E.  Lijt. 
28.  20.N. 

Berclos,  or  Bridtof,  a  lake  of  Egvpt,  be- 
tween Dari)ietta  and  Rofctta;  32  miles  long, 
and  ten  wide  in  the  middle,  but  gradually 
n;Hrowing  towards  each  end  ;  it  has  fevera! 
iflands  in  it, 

Betelos,  a  town  of  Egypt.  30  miles  W. 
Damietta. 

Berenguola,  or  Verenguela,  a  town  of 
Peru,  in  the  diocefcoi  La  Paz.  Long.()\). 
46.  W.  Lat.  iH.  S. 

Berentz,  a  town  and  caftlc  of  Hungary. 
20  milesNNE.  Prefburg. 

Berentziviller,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Upper  Rhine. 

Berefolrt,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  iii 
the  government  of  Marafch..  40  miles  N  VV. 
Marafch. 

Beresford's  Iflands^  a  clufter  of  iflands, 
fo  called  by  Capt.  Dixon,  in  the  Ntjrth  P,,- 
cific  Ocean,  fuppofed  to  be  the  fauie  with 
thofp  which  Peroufe  called  Sartine  iflands. 
Long.  129.57.  W.  Lat.  50.  5:.  i\. 

Berefky,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Braclaw.     40  miles  SE.  Braclaw. 

Beretjho,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Volhynia.     24  miles  SSW.  Lucko. 

Bc7-etzkaufen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Bavaria,  and  principality  of  Neu- 
burg.     12  miks  V/NW.  Ratifbon. 

Bereza,  a  town  of  Rulnan  Poland,  in 
the  palatinate  of  Kiev.  30  miles  W.  Biala- 
cerkiew. 

Bereza,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Brzefc.     56  miles  ENE.  Brzefc. 

Berezec,  a  tov/n  of  Little  Ruffia,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Chelm.     22  miles  E.Chelm. 

Berczen,  a  riv^r  which  runs  into  the  Black 
Sea,  20  miles  W.  Otchakov. 

Berezeiika,  a  town  of  Ruilia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Saratov,  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 
Volga.     124  miles  S.  Saratov. 

Berezina,  a  river  of  Lithuania,  which 
rifes  in  the  palatinate  of  Wilna,  and  runs  into 
the  Niemen,  16  miles  NE.  Kovogrodek. 

Berezina,  a  town  cf  Lithuania,  in  tlie  pala- 
tinate of  Minfli.     44  miles  NE.  iMinik. 

Berezi/ijloi,  a  town  of  Rufiia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Tobolfk,  en  the  north  fide  of 
the  Irtifch.     40  miles  E.  Tobolik. 


?>  E  R 

BcreznikU  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Troki.     40  miles  NNW.  Troki. 

Berezov,  a  town  of  Ruffi.i,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Toholfic,  on  the  welt  fide  of  the 
Ohv.  372  miles  NNW.Tobolfli.  Long.ds- 
14- 'E.  Z^/.  64.  N. 

Berezov,  a  town  of  Riiflia,  in  the  govern- 
rnent  of  Olonetz.  180  miles  NNVv'.  Petro- 
xavodflcoi.   Lorig.-^a.i^.Y..  Baf.  64-  r^.'!^- 

Berezcvoi,  a  fbrtrefs  of  Aliatic  Ruflia,  in 
the  fjovernment  of  Orenburg,  on  the  Uvelka. 
■2.io^n.  E.  Upha,  68  SE.  Tcheliabinilc. 

Berezo-jjlm,  a  lortrefs  of  Afiatic  Ruflia,  in 
the  government  of  Orenburg,  on  the  Ural. 
140  miles  ENE.  Orenburg. 

Berfurt^ a  town  ot  Gcrmany,in  the  county 
of  Erbach.    7  miles  NW.  Eibach. 

Berg,  a  town  of  Norway.  12  miles  S. 
Frcderickftadt. 

Eerg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Cujmbach.     4  miles  W.  Hof. 

^i?r£f,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
of  Smaland.    20  miles  WNW.  Wexio. 

Berg,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
.of  Jamtland,  on  a  branch  of  lake  Storfio.  24 
miles  S.  Ofterfund. 

Berg,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  rifes  in  the 
country  of  the  Hottentots,  and  runs  into  the 
Atlantic,  a  little  to  the  north  of  St.  Helen's 
Bav,  Bat.  32.  lo.  S. 

Jjif/-,^,  a  dutchy  and  principality  of  Ger- 
,m;.ny,  in  the  circle  cf  V/eltphalia,  bounded 
on  the  Vvfeft  and  fouth  by  the  archbifhopric 
of  Coiogn,  from  which  it  is  Icparated  by  the 
Rhine;  onthe  north  by  the  dutchy  of  Cleves, 
and  on  the  eaft  by  the  dutchy  of  Marck  ; 
iibout  60  miles  long,  and  from  eight  to  22 
in  breadth.  It  had  once  lords  of  its  own, 
and  was  creftcd  into  a  dutchy  in  1389  ;  an- 
nexed to  the  dutchy  of  Cleves,  and  after- 
•wards  ceded  to  the'Eledor  Palatine.  The 
country. along  the  Rhine  is  flat  and  fertile, 
and  produces  great  quantities  of  corn:  on 
tlie  hills  the  inhabilants  cultivate  vines,  in 
the  rallies  are  meadows,  and  upon  die 
mountains  vaft  foreffs.  There  are  mines  of 
lejtd,  iron,  and  coal.  Tlie  inhabitants  con- 
f-tme  more  wheat  than  they  grow.  The 
principal  manuficflures  are  fwords,  knives, 
:md  other  articles  of  iron  and  ftccl.  There 
are  alfo  fume  nianiifacSures  of  cloth,  rib- 
bands, and  handkerchiefs.  The  principal 
rivers  are  the  Wipper,  the  Seig,  and  the 
Ruhr  :  the  principal  towns  are  Dulleldcrf, 
Evorfeld,  Gem:lrk,  Ronfdorf,  Solingen,  Len- 
rcp,  &c.  In  1795,  it  was  entirely  over-run 
hv  the  French;  and  in  1806,  conllitutcd  a 
errand  dutchy  with  Cleves,  in  iavour  of 
prince  Murat,  wh,o,  on  the  zid  March,  was 
crowned  by  the  name  of  Joachim  duke  of 
Cleves  and  I5crg. 

Btrg-op-Zoovi,  a  maritime  town  ofDuteli 
Brabant,  fitii:;ted  on  t!ie  rivci:  Zoom,  at  its 
-umor.  with  the  Sch  Jdt ;  fail  furroundcd  by 


B  E  R 

a  wall  in  12S7,  by  Gerard  de  Wefemael, 
firft  lord  of  the  town,  and  erefted  into  a 
marquifate  by  the  emperor  Charles  V.  in 
1533.  The  church  is  a  beautiful  ftru^ure, 
and  was  m.ade  collegiate  in  1442.  This  is 
one  of  the  ftrongefl  places  belonging  to  the 
Dutch,  having  been  regularly  forufied  in 
1629,  ^'^'^  eftetmcd  nearly  imijiregnable. 
Towards  Antwerp  is  a  grand  half-moon, 
extending  to  a  fort  called  Kyck-in-de  Pot, 
furniOied  with  four  redoubts,  and  well 
mounted  with  cannon  ;  bv  a  canal  which 
communicates  with  the  Scheldt,  fuccours 
may  be  th.rown  into  the  place  during  a 
fiege  :  between  the  town  and  the  fea  are 
eleven  forts,  well  llipplied,  with  a  number  of 
redoubts  and  pallifadoes :  towards  Steen- 
berg  alfo,  the  outworks  are  very  ftrong,  with 
a  number  of  redoubts  and  intrenchments. 
Berg-op-Zoom  had  its  particular  lords,  fo 
long  fince  as  the  year  1211.  After  the  death 
of  John  de  Glimes,  whom  the  Dutchefs  of 
Parma  fent  into  Spain,  and  who  died  in  pri- 
fon  in  the  year  1567,  the  marqitiliue  came 
to  Eitel  Frederick  prince  of  Hohenzollern, 
of  the  houfe  of  Brandenburg,  by  a  marriage 
with  Elizabeth  de  Bergh,  heirels  of  the  late 
.  marquis ;  with  their  daughter  it  was  received 
as  a  marriage  ponion  by  Maurice  de  la  Tour 
d'x\uvergne,  governor  and  fenechal  of  Li- 
niolin,  &c.  Tliis  prince  died  in  1707,  leav- 
ing his  fon  Conftaniin,  who  quitted  the  fer- 
vice  of  France,  and  retired  to  Holland, 
where  he  was  made  lieutenant-general  of 
the  Dutch  forces.  In  1707,  he  efpoufed_ 
Mary  Anne,  daughter  of  Philip  duke  of 
Arembcrg  and  Arfchot,  by  whom  he  had 
one  only  daughter,  Mary  Henrietta ;  and 
died  in  1710,  at  Douay,  in  the  flower  of  his 
age.  The  commander,  Don  Louis  de  Re- 
quefens,  governor  of  the  Netherlands  w-as 
defeated  near  this  place,  on  the  29th  of  Ja- 
nuary,. 1574.  The  town  of  Middleburg 
being  much  nrefied  by  the  confederates  he 
equipped  a  fleet,  which  he  divided,  to  oc- 
cupy both  branches  of  the  Scheldt,  to  fail 
towards  Zealand.  One  part  he  entrufled 
to  John  de  Glimes,  the  vice-admiral  ;  and 
Julien  Romero ;  tlie  other  to  Don  Sanchez 
Avila.  The  two  iirft  were  defeated  by  die 
Zealanders,  under  the  command  of  Louis 
BoifTot,  admiral  of  Zealand,  who  loit  an  eye 
in  the  engagement.  The  conquerors  took 
nine  fliips,  and  burnt  the  Spanilh  admiral  ; 
Glimes  was  flain  ;  Romero  fwam  to  fhore. 
The  commander,  being  on  the  bank,  was wit- 
ncfs  of  the  unfortunate  fuccefs  ot  the  enter- 
prize,  of  the  wholj  of  which  he  was  in- 
formed by  Airla,  who  retired  toAntwcip. 
The  Prince  of  Parma  attempted  to  take  it 
in  1588,  yithout  fucccli; ;  and  in  1622,  the 
Ma.rquis  of  Spinola  laid  liege  to  it  again,  but 
the  beiiegcd  defended  themfelvcs  £0  va- 
llandy,  and  the  Prince  of  Orange  took  fuch 


B  A  X 

meafures  to  throrvv  fuccours  into  the  place* 
that  the  marquis  was  obliged  to  raiie  the 
fiege  on  the  2d  of  October,  after  having  loft 
ten  thoufand  men,  from  the  iSth  of  July, 
•when  he  begun  his  approach.  In  the  year 
1746,  the  iviarech-^l  Saxc,  having  amuied 
the  allies  with  marches  and  counter-m;irches, 
atiength  detached  Count  Lowendahl,  with 
fix  and  thirty  thoufmd  men,  to  be 'lege  Berg- 
op-Zoom.  It  was  fecured  with  a  garriiivn 
of  three  thoufand  men,  and  well  provided 
with  artillery,  ammunition,  and  magazines. 
The  enemy  appeared  before  it  on  the  i:th 
day  of  July,  and  fummoned  'lu  governor  to 
furrender.  The  Prince  of  Save-Hildburg- 
haufen  was  fent  to  its  relief,  v/ith  twenty  bat- 
talions and  fourteen  fquadrons  of  the  troops 
that  could  be  moft  convenienily  aiTembied  ; 
he  entered  thehnes  of  Berg-op-Zoom,  where 
he  remained  in  expeda'ion  of  a  ftrong  rein- 
forcement from  vhe  confederate  army ;  and 
the  old  Baron  Cronftrom,  whom  the  Stadt- 
holder  )iad  appointed  governor  of  Brabant, 
alTumed  the  command  of  tlie  garrifon.  The 
beficgcrs  carried  on  their  operations  with 
great  vivacity,  and  the  troops  in  the  town 
defended  it  with  equal  valour.  The  eyes  of 
all  Europe  were  turned  upon  this  important 
fiege.  Count  Lowendahl  received  divers  re- 
inforcements, and  a  confiderable  body  of 
troops  was  detached  from  the  allied  army, 
under  the  command  of  Baron  Sd"iwartzem- 
burgh,  to  co-operate  with  tlie  Prince  of 
Saxe-Hildburghaufen.  The  French  general 
loft  a  conliderabie  number  of  men  by  the 
clofe  and  continual  fire  of  the  belieged  : 
while  he,  in  his  turn,  opened  fuch  a  number 
of  batteries,  and  plied  them  fo  warmly,  that 
the  defences  began  to  give  way.  From  the 
i6th  day  of  July  to  the  15th  of  September, 
the  (iege  produced  an  unremitting  fcene  of 
horror  and  deftrudion  :  defperate  fallies 
were  made,  and  mines  fprung  with  the  moft 
dreadful  effedts  ;  the  works  began  to  be 
fliattered,  the  town  was  laid  in  allies,  the 
trenches  were  filled  with  carnage,  nothing 
was  feenbut  fire  and  Imoke,  nothing  heard 
but  one  continued  roar  of  bombs  and  can- 
non. But  ftill  the  damage  fell  chiefly  upon 
the  befiegers,  who  were  (lain  in  lieaps;  vv'hile 
the  garrifon  fuffered  very  little,  and  could 
be  occafionally  relieved,  or  reinforced  from 
the  lines.  In  a  word,  it  was  generally  be- 
lieved that  Compte  Lowendahl  would  be 
bafRcd  in  his  endeavours  ;  and  by  this  be- 
lief the  governor  of  Berg-op-Zoom  feems 
to  have  been  lulled  in  a  blind  fecurity.  At 
length  fomc  inconfiderable  breaches  were 
made  in  one  ravelin  and  two  baftions,  and 
thefe  the  French  general  refolved  to  ftorm, 
though  Cronftrom  believed  they  were  im- 
pradVicable  ;  and  on  that  fuppolition  pre- 
fumedthat  the  enemy  would  not  attempt  an 
aflault.  For  this  teiy  rcafon  Corate Lowea- 
VoL.  I, 


B  E  I 

dahl  refolved  to  hazard  the  attack  before 
the  preparations  Zhou  Id  be  made  for  his  re- 
ception. He  accordingly  reguhrcd  his  dif- 
pohtions,  and  ai  four  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing, on  the  i''.th  day  of  September,  the  fignal 
was  made  for  the  afiault.  A  prodigious 
quantity  of  boi,,bs  being  tlnowo  into  tlie  ra- 
velin, his  troops  thrcw\hemfelvcs  into  the 
fofle,  mounted  the  breaches,  forced  open  a 
ildly-port,  ;ind  entered  the  pb.ce  almoft 
\yithout  reiiftancc.  In  a  word,  they  had 
time  tp  extend  tliemfelves  along  the  curtains, 
and  form  in  order  of  bal'de,  Ixfore  the  gar- 
rifon could  be  afienbled.  Cronftrom  was 
aOecp,  and  the  fo!  die;  >;  upon  d  ity  had  b--en 
ill-prized  by  thefuddenn.;fsand  '.mpetucfity 
ot  tiie  at;ack.  Though  the  J-rench  had 
taken  pollefiion  of  the  rampans,  they  jiid. 
not  gain  the  town  without  oppofition.  Tv/o 
battalions  of  the  Scottifh  troops,  in  the  pay 
of  the  States-General,  were  affembled  in  the 
rnarket-ph.ce,  and  at.  1  eked  them  with  fnch 
fury,  that  they  were  driven  from  ftreet  to 
Ifreet,  imtil  frcfh  reinforcements  arriving, 
compelled  the  Scots  to  retreat  in  their  turn, 
yet  they  difputed  every  inch  of  ground,  and 
fought  until  two-thirds  of  them  were  killed 
upo;i  the  fpot.  Then  they  brought  off  the 
old  governor,  abandoning  the  town  to  the 
enemy  ;  the  troops  that  were  encamped  in 
the  lines  retreating  with  great  precipitation ; 
all  the  forts  in  the  neighbourhood  imme- 
diately furrendered  to  the  viiftors,  who  now 
became  mafters  of  the  whole  navigation  of 
the  Scheldt.  Berg-op-Zoom  was'  reftored 
to  the  Dutch  at  the  peace  of  Aix-la-Cha- 
pelle.  18  miles  NNW.  Antwerp.  Long, 
4.  8.  E.  /.^7^.  51.  32.N. 

Berg  Reichinjlein  Kafchpcrjb'i  Horfy  a 
royJ  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of  "Pra- 
chatiz,  fituated  on  a  mountain,  in  which  are 
mines  of  filver.  20  miles  W.  PrachatitZj 
36.  WSW.  Bechin.  Long.  13.  26.  E.  Lat. 
49.  6.  N. 

Berga,  a  town  of  Norway.  66  m.  ENE. 
Chriftiania.   Loiig.  c).  :^%.Y..  L^/.^g.^o.Ni 

Berga^  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Neuftadt.     12  miles  NE.  Neuftadt, 
16  E.Jena.  Long.  12.  6.  E.  i><3/.  50. 41.N. 

Bcrga,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on 
the  Lobrogat,  anciently  a  city  of  the  Iller- 
getes,  called  Berginiunii  25  miles  N.Maii- 
refa,  and  12  E.  Solfona. 

Berga,  a  town  of  Swiff^rland,  in  the  baili- 
wick of  Locarno.     15  m.  WNW.  L jcaraoo 

Bergamafco,  a  country  of  Italv,  late, 
belonging  to  the  Venetians,  bounded'  on  the 
north  by  the  country  of  the  Grilbns,  on  the 
eaft  by  tb.e  BrefTin,  on  the  Ibuth  by  the 
Crcmafco,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  Milanele. 
Towards  the  north  it  is  mountainous  andun- 
cultivated  ;  in  the  environs  of  Bercramo  it 
is  exceedingly  ferule;  fome  of  the  vrdlies 
produce  large  qudntities  of  wine  aa?i  aiJ ; 


B  E  R 


B  E  R 


others  are  unprodudive.  In  the  mountains  articles  of  commerce  for  exportatiort  are 
are  mines  of"  iron.  The  people  in  general  fi(h,  fkins,  tallow,  and  timber.  It  was 
arc  inclined  to  corpulency,  and  fubjeft  to    built  in  the  year  1076,   and  has  been  in  a 


more  flourifhing  ftate  than  it  now  is.  It 
contains  about  19,000  inhabitants.  It  is  the 
fee  of  a  bifhop,  fuffragan  of  the  archbilhop 
of  Drontheim.  The  harbour  is  reckoned 
one  of  the  beft  in  Europe.     170  miles  SW. 

Long.  7.  14. 


the  goitre,  or  rupture  of  the  throat;;  never 
thelefs  they  are  intelligent  in  commerce, 
and  carry  on  a  confiderable  traffic  in  iron, 
wool,  carpets  which  they  manufadure,  cat- 
tle, marble,  and  mill-ftones.     This  country 

now  forms  a  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  Drontheim,  180  N.  Stavanger 

and  is  divided  into  two  departments,  viz,  i>.  Lat.  60.  10.  N. 

the   department  of  the  Serio,  and  the  de-  Bergen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 

partment  of  the  Adda  and  OgHo.  cle  of  the  Upper  Rhine,  and  principality  of 

Bcrga?fio,  a  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  Hanau  Munzenberg  :  the  environs  produce 

department   of  the  Serio,  and  late  of  the  excellent  wine.     Here  the  Hanoverians  were 

Bergamafco;  fortified  with  walls,  baftions,  defeated  by  the  French  in  the  year  1759. 

and  ditches;  fituated  upon  feveral  fmall  hills.  6  miles  NNW.  Hanau,  3  NE.  Francfort  on 

Between  the  city  and  a  lofty  mountain  is  a  the  Main. 

ftrongcaftle.    It  has  feveral  fuburbs;  in  one  Bergen,  a  town  and  capital  of  the  ifland 

of  which  is  kept  a  large  fair  at  the  feaft  of  of  Rugen  :  its  ancient  name  was  Gora.    It 

S*.  Bartholomew,  at  which  a  vafl  concourfe  is  fituated  in  the  centre  of  the  ifland,  where 


of  merchants  aflembles  from  Italy,  Ger- 
many, and  Swifferland.  It  is  the  fee  of  a 
biihup,  fuffragan  of  Mifen  ;  and  contains 
13  parilh  churches,  twelve  conrents  for 
men,  ten  for  women,  and  about  30,000  in 


are  held  the  tribunals  of  Swedifh  Pomerania. 
LoJig.  13.  34.  E.  Lat.  54.  j8.  N. 

Bergen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  Vogt- 
land.     7  miles  E.  Plauen. 

Bergeti,  a  town  of  Holland.    During  the 


habitants.    The  principal  commerce  is  wool    campaign  in  1799,  this  was  a  place  of  fome 
and  filk,   the  former  has  been  prodigious;  ''  '    '         "" '^ 

and  the  ferges  as  well  as  the  tapeftry  of  Ber- 
gamo have  been  celebrated :  their  lilks 
equal  thole  of  Turin.  The  inhabitants  are 
atftive  and  laborious ;  their  language  is  a 
bad  Italian.  The  environs  are  fandy,  but 
made  very  fertile  by  the  induftry  of  the  in- 
habiuints.     Louis  XII.  of  France,   after  de- 


feating the  Venetians  at  the  battle  of  Agna-    Alcmaer 


confequence,  and  the  pofTeffion  ftrongly  de- 
puted as  a  poft  neceflary  for  the  advance  of 
the  troops  towards  the  fouth  part  of  the 
country  ;  and  it  was  foon  taken  by  the  Ruf- 
fians, under  General  Herman,  on  the  19th 
of  September :  but  the  general  and  his 
troops  were  next  day  furrounded  by  the 
French,  and  made  prifoners.     3  miles  N. 


del,  lelzed  on  this  city;  but  reftored  it  to 
the  republic  fix  years  after,  by  the  treaty  of 
15 16.  Bergamo  was  in  1796  taken  by  the 
French,  under  Buonaparte ;  and  the  year  fol- 
lowing the  inhabitants  put  themfelves  under 
the  protection  of  the  French  republic,  jj 
miles  NE.  Milan,  a6  NW.  Brelcia.  Long. 
9.  38.  E.  Lat.  4?.  42.  N. 
Bergara,  fee  Vcrgara. 


Bergen,  fee  Berghen. 

Berge7i,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eailern-In- 
dian  fea.  60  miles  W.  from  Sumatra.  Lat, 
3.  JO.  S. 

Bergen,  fee  Berche?n. 

Bergen  a7n  Diwivie,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  principality  of  Zell.  12  miles  S\V. 
Danneberg. 

Bergenkus,  the  moll  wellernly  province  of 


Bergas,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in  Na-    Norway,  fituated  between  Aggerhus  and  the 


tolia.     40  miles  W.  Artaki. 

Bsrgolo,  or  Vcrgato,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  department  of  the  Reno.  10  miles  S. 
Bologna. 

Bi-rgaz,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Romania,  tlie  fee  of  a  Greek  archbifhop. 
44  miles  ENE.  Adiianople.  Long,  2 7. 4.  E. 
Lat.i\,\.  12.  N. 

Bcrgcdo>f,  a  town  of  Lower  Saxony,  be 


fea  ;  about  180  miles  long,  and  81   wide. 
Bergen  is  the  capital. 

Bcrgerac,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftrift  in  the  department  of  the 
Dordogne  ;  fituated  in  a  beautiful  and  ex- 
tentive  plain  on  the  Dordogne,  which  fepa- 
rates  it  into  two  towns,  called  St.  Martin  and 
St.  Magdelaine.  It  is  a  rich,  commercial, 
and   populous  town,  containing  near  8000 


longing  to  the  cities  of  Hamburgh  and  Lu-    inhabitants.     Before  the    revocation  of  the 


beck,  whieli  put  in  a  bailift"  alternately, 
ni.  ESE.  Hamburg. 

Bergen,  a  city  and  feaport  town  of  Nor- 
way, and  capital  of  tlie  province  of  Bergen- 
huK,  llluated  in  tlie  centre  of  a  valley,  dif- 
poliiJ  in  the  form  of  a  crefcont;  feven  lofty 
mountains  render  it  almoit  inacccllible  by 
]ap.t|,  and  towards  the  fea  it  is  ilcfendcd  by 
ioiulications  and  batteries.    Tlie  principal 


edi(5l  of  Nantes,  it  is  faid  there  were  40,000 
Proteflants  in  this  town  and  its  neighbour- 
hood. In  1344,  the  French,  commanded 
by  the  Count  do  Lifle,  were  beat  near  thii 
town  by  the  Englifh,  under  the  Earl  of  Derby. 
2t  miles  S.  Perigucux,  37  N.  Agen.  Long, 
o.  34.  E.  Lat.  44.  51.  N. 

Bergfried,    a  village  of  Pruflia,   in   the 
province  of  Ermeland,  on  the  Allc.    In  this 


B  E  R 


B  E  R 


Village  a  buttle  vas  fought  In  Janmry  1S07,  Condu(5l  to  Dunkirk,  GravcHnes,  St.  Omcr, 

between    the  French   and   the  confederate  Furnes,  &c.  It  contains  two  pariihcs.     Berg 

Pruflians  and  -RulRans,  in  which  the  former  was  the  lad  town  of  Well  Flanders  which 

claim  the  vldory.     7  miles  N.  Allenftein,  held  outfor  theDutch  in  the  war  of  the  i6th 

io  S.  Guttitadt.  century.     The  Prince  of  Parma  befiegcd  it 

BerggrchifelJ,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  in  the  year  1583,  but  found  fo  much  refilf- 

incipality  of  Wurzburg.     a  miles  SSW.  ance  that  the  liege  was  changed  into  a  block- 
ade, and  M.  de  Villcncuve  llirrendercd  the 


princip 
Schwcinfurt. 

Bcrggkszhuhel,  or  Berg  GkJJmhd,  a  town 
of  Germany,  in  the  circle  of  Upper  Saxony, 
and  marggravate  of  Meifien,  near  which  are 
warm  medicinal  fprings.  6  miles  S.  Pirna, 
56  N.  Prague. 

Bcrghcimy  a  town  of  Germany,  In  the 
county  of  Waldeck.     4  miles  S.  Waldeck. 

Bcrgkchn,  or  Berghen,  a  town  of  France, 
In  the  department  of  the  Roer,  on  the  ErfFt ; 
late  in  the  dutchy  of  Juliers.  ij  miles  W. 
Cologne,  9  E.  Juliers. 

Beighiri,  \ito\\'n.  of  Kurdiftan.  20  miles 
SE.Betlis. 

Bcrgholzhaujen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  county  of  Ravenfberg.  ai  miles  NE. 
Munfter,  18  SE.  Oihaburg.  Long.  8.  11.  E. 
Lat.  52.  6.  N. 

Bcrgheti^  a  town  of  New  Jerfey,  In  a 
county  of  the  fame  name,  built  on  the  weft 
point  of  a  neck  of  land,  near  Hudfon  river, 
oppofite  New-York.     5  m.  E.  Newark,  6 


place  on  honourable  terms.  It  was  taken  by 
the  French  in  1658,  and  confirmed  to  that 
country  by  the  peace  of  the  Pyrenees  the 
year  following.  Since  that  time  feveral  new 
works  have  been  added  to  the  fortifications, 
and  by  means  of  fluiccs  the  country  round 
can  be  laid  under  water.  4  miles  S.  Dun- 
kirk, 32  NW.  Lille. 

Bcrgiin,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  thcEn- 
gadine.    5  miles  W.  Zulz. 

Bfrgnverben,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Upper  Saxony,  z  miles  N.  Weil- 
lenfels. 

Bergiverk,  a  town  of  Hungary.  13  miles 
W.  Steinam. 

Bergzahcni,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mount  Tonnere,  late  dutchy  of 
Deux  Fonts,  lituated  on  the  Erlbach  ;  with 
two  churches,  one  for  Catholics,  and  the 
other  for  Lutherans ;  and  a  chateau,  the 
ordinary  refidence  of  the  dowager  dutchefs, 
30  miles  SE.  Deux  Fonts,  6  SSW.  Landau. 


W.  New- York 

BergOy  a  fmall  Ifland  In  the  north  part  of  Long.  8.  i.  E.  Lat.  49.  6.N. 

the  gulf  of  Bothnia.     Lof:g.  zi.  ^o.E.  Lat.  B eri a,  i'cc  Vcria. 

6j.4j.N.  Beriar,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  Alla- 

Bergoo,orDarBerg'io,2iCO\mtr'^'O^Xir[cz,  habad.     40 miles  N.  Gazypour. 

bounded   on  the  north  by  Bornou,   on  the  Berlezen,   a  town   of  Ruffia,  in  the  o-g. 

call  by  Nubia  and  Dar  Fur,  on  the  fouth  vernment  of  Tchernigov,  on  the  Defna.    24 

by  Nigritia,  and  on  the  weft  by  Nigritia  and  miles  ENE.  Tchernigov,    and  516  S.  Fe- 

Begarmee.     260  m.  in  length  from  nordi  to  terlburg, 


fuuth,and  from  100  to  150  in  breadth.  Long 
24.  3.  to  27.40.  E.  Ijat.  13.  30.  to  17.50.N. 

Bergofuy  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon.  3 
miles  NE.  Jaca. 

Bergstadty  a  town  of  Moravia,  In  the  cir- 
cle of  Olnuitz.     18  miles  N.  Olmutz. 

Bergitadt,  lee  Itt^r  Thai. 

Bergstadtl,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  In  the  cir- 
cle of  Bechin.     4  miles  NE.  Taber. 

Bcrgst.-rdt,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  In  the 
circle  of  Prachim.  23  miles  NW.  Pracha- 
titz,  65  SSW.  Prague.  Long,  13.  22.  E.  Lat. 
49-ij.N. 

Bergno,  a  town  of  Sweden, in  the  province 
of  Hcllingland.     16  m.  N.  Hudwickfwall 


Beridge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  In  Guze- 
rat.     14  m.  S.  Amedabad. 

Berigan,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  tl.'e  king- 
dom of  Algiers,  and  capital  of  the  country 
ofBeni-Mezzah.  Long.T,.E.  I^at.  t,z.i<;.'K. 

Bcrinhal,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  theeaft 
branch  of  the  Nile.     7  m.  SE.  Roletta. 
_  Bcringel,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Alentejo.     6  miles  NW.  Beja. 

Bcringen,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Mcufe.  32  miles  1^£. 
Louvain,  18  N\^'.  Maeftricht. 

Bcrlngou,  or  Kamanderfkou  fee  Beerin"''i 
I/land. 

Berinfckul,  a  rocky  ifland  In  the  Meditcr- 


BergitraJJi,  a    long  tradt  or  tongue  of    ranean,  near  the  coaft  of  Algiers, 
land,  on  the  fide  of  the  Rhine,  between  Hei-         ^    ■ '• 
delberg,  and  Darmftadt ;  It  contains  a  few 
fmall  places,  as  Beilfhelm,  Oppenheim,  and 
Weinhem. 

Berg  lies,  or  Berg,  or  Bergucs  St.  Vhiox, 
a  town  of  France,  and  principal  place  of  a 
diftrifl  iri  the  departriient  of  the  North  ;  fo 
called  from  St.  Vinox,  a  Flemifh  lord,  who 
lived  in  that  place;  it  is  fituated  on  the  river 
Golne,  at  the  union  of  feveral  canals,  which 

S  a 


Berifd,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom: 
of  Caflina,  on  the  north  fide  of  tlie  Niger, 
In  the  road  from  Tombudou  to  Caihna, 
125  miles  W.  Caflina.  Long.  9.  40.  E. 
Lat.  16.  50.  N. 

Berka,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Weimar,  on  the  Ilm.  6  miles 
SSW.  Weimar.    Lo7tg.  11. 16.  E.  Lat.  ;o. 

Berka,  a  town  of  Germr.ny,  In  the  princi. 


B  E  R 

pality  ofEiftnach,  on  tV 
\V.  f^ifcnach.  Long,  lo.i 


on  thfi  Werra.    9  miles 

.4.E. /,i7/'.50.  57-N. 
Berka,    a  town^of  Wiilachia.     75   miles 
K.  Buchareft. 

Berkafzefti,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  the  province  of  Moldavia,  on  the^Ber- 
bccz;     56  miles  NW.  Galatz. 

Berhhamjled,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Herts;  near  which  formerly  ftood 
a  caftle,  farrounded  by  a  moat,  fume  ruins 
of  which  are  viiible.     In  697,  a  pailiament 
is  faid   to  have  been  held  here,   and  King 
Ina's  laws  publiflied.     In  this  place  William 
the  Conqueror  fwore  to  obferve  the  laws  of 
the  land.    The  caftle  was  built,  or  rather 
reilored  by  the  Earl  cF  Cornwall,  brother  to 
the  Concjueror ;  but  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
I.  was  feized  by  the  crown.  In  the  reign  of 
King  John  it  v/as  taken  by  the  barons ;  great 
part  of  the  callle  was  demolifbed,  and  a 
houfe  built  on  its  fite;  hut  a  part  of  it  remain- 
ing, was  held  bv  Colonel  Axtel  for  the  par- 
liament againft  King  Charles  I.    King  Henry 
If.  kept  his  court  here,  and  James  I.  had  his 
children  nurfed  in  this  tov/n,  on  which  ac- 
count he  made  it  a  corporation  ;  but  it  fuf- 
fered  fo  much  in  the  enfuing  reign,  that  they 
iiiiFcred  the  charter  to  drop.    It  has  a  mar- 
ket weekly  on  Monday,  and  in  1801,  the 
number  of  inhabitants  was  1690.    A  branch 
of  the  Braunfton    canal    paffes    near   the 
town,   9  miles  W.  St.  Alhans,  26  NW.  Lon- 
don.    Z/>A'^.  0.  34.  W.  Z/^?/".  51.48.N. 

Bcrkhoh,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Ucker  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  1 7  miles  NE. 
Prenzl  ■•/. 

Berki,  a  town  of  A(i;i.tic  Turkey,  in  the 
province  of  Natoiia,  anciently  called  Hyps- 
pa.    36  miles  E.  Smyrna. 

Berkley,  a  county  of  Virginia,  which  rur- 
niflied  11 00  men  to  the  mihtia  before  the 
year  1780. 

Berkley  1  a  tov/n  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Gioceiicr,  fituated  on  the  Severn,  with  a 
ralllc,  begun  to  be  builtin  t!ie  reign  of  Henry 
1.  the  feat  of  the  Earls  of  Berkley.  Tlie 
town  carries  on  a  coniiderable  trade  in 
timber,  coals,  malt,  and  cheefe,  which  is 
nuich  aflifted  by  the  river  Severn.  In  1801, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  658,  and 
about  a  tliird  employed  in  manufadures.  18 
miles  SSW.  Gioceiicr,  19  NNE.  Briftol, 
;ui<!  1T3  W.  London. 

Berkley, -d  town  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  in  Mafiiichuiers,  on  the  river  Taun- 
ton.    24  miles  S.  Bofton. 

Berkley' s-Poiiit,  a  cape  on  the  north  coafli 
of  Egmont  liland.  Lo/>g.  164.  ij.  E.  Laf. 
10.  41.  S. 

Berkley^ s  Sound,  a  hay  of  the  North  Pa- 
cific Ocean  on  tlie  welt  co:ift  of  Novth-Amc- 
rica.     70  miles  SE.  Nooika  Sound. 
Berkley-,  a  county  of  South-Carolina. 
Bsrkpirej  a  county  of  England,  bounded 


B  E  R 

on  the  Tiorth  bv  the  counties  of  Oxford  and 
Buckingliam,  from  both  which  it  is  divided 
by  the  river  Thames,  on  the  eaft  by  Surry, 
on  the  fouth  by  Hampfhire,  and  on  the  weft 
by  Wiltfltire.     This  county  among  the  Bri- 
tons v/as  poffeffed  by  the  Attrebatii.  Under 
the  divifion  of  Conftantine  it  was  included 
in  the  Britannia  Prima  ;  and  under  the  Sax- 
ons it  formed  a  part  of  the  kingdom  of 
Weffex.    In  the  reign  of  Alfred  it  aifumed 
the  prefent  nameof  Berocfliire,  or  Berkfhire, 
and  was  by  him  divided  into  twenty  hun- 
dreds.    It  is  included  in  the  Oxford  circuit, 
the  province  of  Canterbury,  and  diocefe  of 
Salifbury.    The  fhape  is  very  irregular,  efpe- 
cially   towards   the   north,   yielding  every 
whereto  the  winding  of  the  Thames,  which 
from  Oxford    to  Reading  takes   a  courfe 
about  fouth-fouth-eaft,  making  the  county  at 
the   latter  tov/n  very  narrow.     After  the 
Thames  has  pafTed  by  Reading,  it  trends 
nortlierly,  but  ftill  the  eaftern  part  of  the 
county  is  much  narrower  than  the  weftern. 
From  eafl   to   well  its  length  is  about  50 
miles;  from  north  to  fouth,  in  its  wideft 
part,  25 ;  in  its  narroweff,  little  more  than  5. 
The  number  of  fquare  miles  is  computed  to 
be  682,  and  the  number  of  acres  438,977. 
It  has  12  market-towns,  and  about  200  vil- 
lages;andin  i8oi,the  number  of  inhabitants 
was  119,215,  of  whom   16,921    were  cm- 
ployed   in    trade    and    manufactures,   and 
38,155   in  agriculture.    The  foil  of  Berk- 
fhire is  in  general  loamy,   in   fome  parts 
mixed  with   gravel,   in   others   with  land. 
The  v/eftcrn  part  of  Berkfhire  contains  fome 
land  of  a  rich  deep  foil,  particularly  in  what 
is  called  the  Vale  of  V/hitc  Horfe,  equal  to 
the  beft  parts  of  England.     Of  the  quanti^ 
ties  of  land,  1 70,000  acres  are  fuppofcd  to  be 
contained   in   inclofed   lands,    parks,    and 
woods;    220,000    in    common    fields   and 
downs ;  40,000  in  forefts,  waftes,  and  com- 
mons; and   8,977  in  roads.     The  market 
towns  are  Abingdon,  Farringdon,  Hunger- 
fiird,  iKley,  Lambourn,  Maidenhead,  New- 


bury, Reading,  Wallingford,  Wantage, 
Windfor,  and  Wokingham.  Th":;  principal 
rivers  are  the  Thames,  Ifis,  Kennet,  Ocke, 
Lambourne,  and  Loddon.  It  produces  a 
great  deal  of  corn,  and  great  quantities  of 
meal  and  malt  are  lt:nt  in  barges  by  the  river  ' 
Thames  to  London.  This  county  returns 
nine  members  to  parliament,  viz.  two  for 
the  county  ;  one  for  the  borough  of  Abing- 
don ;_  and  for  Reading,  Wallingford,  and 
Windibr,  two  each. 

Berkshire,  a  county  of  Penfylvania,  in  t!:e 
United  States  of  North-America,  in  which 
coal  mines  are  found.  Reading  is  the  chief 
tov/n. 

Berk-'hire^  a  county  of  the  State  of  MafTa- 
chulcttG,  in  North-America,  which,  in  1784, 
contained  24}J44  inhabitants;  and  37,028 


B  E  R 


B  E  R 


acres  of  land  in  cultivation,  234,497  acres 
unimproved;  and  4.909  men  able  to  bear 
arms.    Lenox  is  the  cbief  town. 

Berkujfa,  a  town  of  Croatia,  on  the  river 
Kulpa.     II  miles  W.  Pctrenta. 

Berlai,  a  town  of  Croatia,  on  the  river 
Korana.     8  milesS.Sluin. 

Bcrlahnov.t,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  North,  and  diftrid  of  Le 
Quefnoy.     6  miles  NW.  Avefnes. 

Berlanga,ox  Verlauga,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Old  Caftile,  on  the  Duero.  This  town, 
which  had  fuffcred  much  by  war,  was  re- 
peopled  in  the  beginning  ot  the  12th  cen- 
tury, by  command  of  Alonfo  I.  king  of 
Aragon.     15  miles  SE.  Ofma. 

Berlasrud,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Bavaria.     12  miles  N.  Paffau. 

Berkburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  the  Lower  Rhine,  and  county  of  Wit- 
genllein.  a8  miles  NW.  Marburg,  56  E. 
Cologn. 

Berleax,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.     3  miles  SW.  Pcronne. 

Bcrlikui?!,  a  town  of  Brabant.  3  miles 
E>  Bois  le  Due. 

Berlikum,  a  town  of  Holland,  in  the 
ftate  of  Friefland.    6  miles  NW.  Lewarden. 

Berlin.,  a  city  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Upper  Saxony,  and  capital  of  the  eftates 
of  the  King  of  PrulFia;  on  the  banks  of  the 
Spree,  which  is  here  divided  into  three 
branches.  On  the  fouth  it  is  defended  by  a 
wall,  on  the  north  only  by  palifades.  It 
has  15  gates ;  the  llreets  are  ftraight,  wide, 
and  long.  In  1645,  it  had  only  1236  houfes; 
in  1747,  ithad55i3,  andin  1779,  6437.  In 
1774,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was 
104,874  ■,  of  thefe  5381  were  French,  ii6a 
Bohemians,  and  3958  Jews.  Thegarrifon, 
reckoning  tiieir  attendants,  amounted  to 
29,540  fouls,  which  may  be  added  to  the 
number  of  inhabitants.  There  are  25 
churches,  2  houfes  for  invalids;  an  academy 
for  Iciences;  another  for  painting,  fculpture, 
and  architecture;  a  college  of  medicine,  a 
military  academy,  4  colleges,  4  gymnafia, 
many  public  fchools,  libraries,  and  manufac- 
tures. It  is  compofed  of  five  feparate  towns, 
under  the  fame  magi  Urate.  Berlin,  pro- 
perly fo  called,  was  built  in  the  1 2th  century, 
by  a  colony  from  the  Netherlands,  brought 
thither  in  the  reign  of  Albert  the  Bear. 
Colcgue,  or  Coeln^  is  joined  to  Berlin  by  a 
bridge,  over  the  Spree,  v/hich  furrounds  it, 
and  forms  it  into  an  ifland.  It  was  built  at 
the  fame  time  as  Berlin,  and  by  the  fame 
people,  Fredericksnverder  is  alio  built  on 
an  ifland  in  the  Spree,  by  the  Eledtor 
Frederick  William,  and  contains  19  flreets. 
Uorolkcjladtf  or  Neuftadt,  was  built  bv 
ths  Elector  FrederickWilliam,  and  fo  named 
alter  his  confort.  Fredcrickjladt,  which  is 
the  largeil  of  the  five  towns,  was  built  by 


the  Ele<5lor  Frederick  III.  All  religions  are 
tolerated;  the  Roman  Catholics,  the  Luthe- 
rans, Calvinills,  and  Jews,  have  ir(t(t  exer- 
cife  of  their  religion.  By  means  of  canals 
there  is  a  free  communication  between  the 
Spree  and  the  Oder,  and  tlie  Spree  and  the 
Elbe.  In  1760,  Berlin  was  taken  by  the 
Auftrians  and  RufTians;  and  in  1806,  by  iho 
French.     Long.  13.  27.  E.  Lat.  ^z.  30.  N. 

Berlin,  a  town  of  Penfylvania,  near  the 
Blue  ridge.     12  miles  W.  York. 

Berlin,  a  town  of  Penfylvania,  between 
the  Allegany  mountains  and  die  Chefnut 
ridge.     22  miles  W.  Bedford. 

Bcrlinchen,  or  Little  Berlin,  a  town  of 
Germany, in  the  "New  Mark  of  Brandenburg, 
80  miles  ENE.  Berlin,  36  NNE.  Cultrin. 
Long.  I.  15.  E.  Lat,  53.  5.  N. 

Berlinccz,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Braclaw.     52  miles  W.  Braclaw. 

Berloch,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  C^azlau.     9  miles  NE.  Czazlau. 

Bcrn:,x  town  of  PruHian  Pomcrclia.  21 
miles  SSE.  Dantzic,  32  W.  Marienburg. 

Berniah,  a  town  of  Meckley.  85  miles 
SSE.  Munnypour. 

Benneio,  or  Benne,  or  Vermejo,  a  feaport 
town  of  Spain,  in  the  province  of  Bifcay, 
near  Cape  j>,Iachicaca.  15  miles  NW.  Bil- 
bao.    Long.  2.  46.  W.  Lat.  43.  25.  N. 

Bcrmejo,  an  illand  and  feaport  in  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  near  the  coall  of  Peru,  a  little  to 
the  well:  of  Lima. 

Bermuda  Himdrcd,  a  town  of  Virginia,  at 
the  Union  of  the  Appamattox  and  James 
Rivers.     20  miles  SE.  Richmond. 

Bermudas  IJlands,  or  Sotners  IJlands-,  a  - 
cluflcr  of  fmrJl  iilands,  fituated  en  the  Adan- 
tic  Ocean.  They  received  their  former 
name  from  John  Bermudas,  a  Spaniard,  who 
difcovered  them  in  the  year  1503  ;  the  other 
name  they  take  from  Sir  George  Somers,  an 
Englifliman,  who  was  wrecked  on  them  in 
the  year  1609.  They  were  granted  by  the 
SpaniOi  king,  Philip  II.  to  Don  Ferdinand 
de  Camelo,  who  however  never  took  pofTef- 
lion.  An  EngliHi  (hip  was  forced  on  them 
by  ftrefs  of  weadier  in  1593.  Sir  John  So- 
mers, and  his  brothers,  formed  the  firll  fettle- 
ment  ibon  ^fter  his  Ihipwreck.  They  are  in 
number  400,  or  more,  but  for  the  moft  part 
fo  Jrnall  and  fo  barren,  that  they  have  neither 
inhabitants  or  name.  Hardly  one-eighth  part 
is  inhabited.  The  moft  coniiderable  of  thefe 
iilands  arc  St.  George,  St.  David,  Croper, 
Ireland,  Somerfet,  Long  Illand,  Bird  Ifland^ 
.and  Nonefuch.  The  hrft  has  a  town,  tli* 
two  following  fome  villages,  the  others  on!f 
firms  diipcrfed.  The  air  is  fo  healthy,  that 
lick  people  from  the  continent  of  America 
frequently  go  thither  for  the  recovery  of  their 
health.  The  winter  is  hardly  percepable ;  it 
may  be  faid  to  be  perpetiully  fpring,  the 
trees  never  lofe  their  verdure,  and  tiie  leaves 


,        13  E  R 

only  fall  wlicn  new  ones  begin  to  appear; 
birds  ling  and  breed  without  intermiilion. 
Butthele  advantages  are  counterbalanced  by 
friglittul  llorms,  accompanied  by  formidable 
thunders,  which  arc  announced  by  a  circle 
round  the  moon.  Some  fertile  plains  are 
f'een,  but  in  general  the  country  is  mountain- 
ous. The  ibil  is  of  divers  colours,  brown, 
white,  and  red,  of  which  the  former  is  the 
beli;  although  light  and  ftony,  it  is  in  gene- 
rcral  ricli  and  fertile.  The  water  is  in  ge- 
neral fait,  having  but  little  frelh,  except  rain 
Avater  preferved  in  cilkrns.  The  inhabi- 
tants gather  two  harvells  of  Indian  corn  in 
a  year,  one  in  July,  the  other  in  December : 
this  forms  the  principal  food  of  the  inhabi- 
tants. They  likewife  cultivate  tobacco,  le- 
gumes, and  fruit  fufficient  for  their  wants. 
Their  trees  are  principally  tlie  cedar  and 
palmetto;  the  former  is  much  effeemed  for 
its  fragrance,  its  durability,  and  beauty,  and 
for  the  facility  with  which  it  is  wrought. 
Of  this  wood  they  build  their  fliips,  and 
often  their  houfes  and  churches.  The  pal- 
metto, a  fpccies  of  wild  palm,  is  not  lefs 
common,  nor  lefs  ufeful ;  the  fruit  refembles 
a  plumb,  in  its  colour,  form,  and  fize ;  the 
wood  ferves  for  building,  and  the  leaves, 
which  arc  of  an  amazing  length,  are  ufed  to 
cover  houfes.  Befides  thefe,  they  have 
orange  trees,  olive,  laurels,  pear-trees,  Sec. 
Tiie  red  wood  is  peculiar  to  theie  iflands, 
its  coloured  fruit  feeds  worms,  which  change 
to  flies,  a  little  larger  than  cochineal,  inftead 
of  which  they  are  ufed.  Another  plant  pe- 
culiar to  them  is  a  kind  of  creeping  darnel, 
whofe  root  is  mofl  powerfully  emetic.  Here 
are  a  great  variety  of  birds,  both  of  land  and 
,  water  ;  iifli  likewife  abound  upon  the  coaff. 
Among  the  infeds  the  fpider  is  remarkable 
tor  its  large  (izc,  but  its  bcautiflil  colours  di- 
niinifh  the  difgufl  it  infpires;  its  web  is  in 
colour  and  fubllancc  a  perfcd  raw  (ilk,  and 
running  from  tree  to  tree,  fmall  birds  are 
dbnietimes  fo  entangled  as  hardly  to  be  able 
to  cfcape.  There  are  no  venomous  reptiles 
in  the  ifland.  In  1765,  a  fociety  of  the 
princiiial  inhabitants  engaged  to  form  a  libra- 
ry of  all  books  of  economics  in  every  lan- 
guage; to  employ  all  healthy  pcrfons  of 
both  fexes,  according  to  their  talents  and 
charaiffer;  and  to  reward  tiiofe  wlio  Ifrikc 
out  any  new  art,  or  improve  one  already 
known  ;  to  provide  for  the  hnnell  work- 
man, who  is  become  old  or  piiif  labour;  and 
to  indemnily  uny  individual  who  flu)uld, 
from  any  circumftance,  be  opprcfled.  Build- 
ing ut  ihipsand  Hoops  is  the  piineipal  trade 
of  the  inhabitants.  Tliele  iflands  extend 
from  north-call  to  ibuili-weit  about  45  miles; 
the  whole  fhore  is  furrounded  with  rocks, 
niolf  of  wliich  ;irc  dry  at  low  water,  but 
covered  at  flood.  240  leagues  SE.  Cape 
Feai  lu  Vir^jiiiia.    TJie  north  point  of  tlicle 


B  ER 

iflands  lies  Lon^.  6.^.  28.  W.  Ijcit.  yi.  34. N. 

Bcrmudah  Hundred,   a  town  of  Virginia. 
20  miles  SE.  Richmond. 
Bennya,  atown  of  Bengal,  .^om. N.Dacca. 

Bcniabar,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
circar  of  Sehaurunpour.    15  m.  NW.  Merat. 

Bernada,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     5  miles  W.  St.  Severina. 

Bernagur,  a  town  of  Bengal,  3  ml!es  N. 
Moorfliedabad. 

Bernagur,  a  town  of  Bengal.  2  -j  miles 
WNW.  Purneah.  Long.  86.  16.  E.  Lat, 
25.  58.  N. 

Bernaldi,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Bafi- 
licata.     15  miles  S.  Matera. 

Bernange,  or  Beriieck,  a  town  of  SwifTer- 
land,  and  principal  place  of  a  jurifdidion  in 
the  Upper  Rhinthal.   8  m.  ENE.  Appenzell. 

Bernard'itze,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Bcchin.     6  miles  NW.  Bechin. 

Bernard^!  Cajlle,  fee  Barnard's  Cajlle. 

Bernard's  Heath,  an  open  plain  near  St. 
Alban's,  where  the  troops  of  Queen  Marga- 
ret defeated  the  Earl  of  Warwick  in  1461. 

Bernards'weiler,  a  town  of  the  marggra- 
vate  of  Anfpach.     7  miles  SW.  Feucjitwang. 

Bernardzice,  fee  Bernjladt. 

Bernau,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  arch- 
dutchy  of  Auftria.     5  miles  S.  Wels. 

Bernau,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  arch- 
dutchy  of  Auftria.     i  mile  E.  Wels. 

Bernau,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  b6r- 
ders  of  Bohemia.     28  miles  NE.Amberg. 

Bernau,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  Mid- 
dle Mark  of  Brandenburgh,  furrounded  with 
walls,  ramparts,  and  ditches,  containing 
three  churches.  The  principal  commerce 
is  beer,  of  which  large  quantities  are  brewed 
in  this  town.  14  miles  NNE.  Berlin,  41 
W.Kuftrin.  Long.  13.  30.E.  Lat. 52,42.  N. 

BernaviUe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Somme.  7  m.  SW.Dourlens. 

Bernay,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diflrict,  in  the  department  of  the 
Eure.  20  miles  W.  Evreux,  15  E.  Lifieux. 
Long.  o.  42.  E.  J^ai.  49.  5.  N. 

Beridmck,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Wertheim.  11  m.N.Erlhach. 

Bernhnrg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Upper  Saxony,  the  capital  of  Anhalt 
Bernburg,  and  the  refidence  of  the  prince; 
fituated  on  the  Saale.  It  is  divided  into  Old 
and  New  lown,  which  had  each  its  own 
magilfracy,  till  they  were  united  in  the  year 
1506.  In  1115,  this  town  was  ravaged  by 
the  Wends ;  and  in  1636,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Saxons,  who  put  the  Swcdifli  garrifon  to  the 
fword,  and  plundered  the  houfes.  30  m. 
W.  DefTau,  24  S.  Magdeburg.  Long,  ii, 
52.  E.  Laf.  51.  JO.  N. 

Benicajllc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Sarre,  heretofore  in  the 
elci^torate  of  Treves,  fituated  on  the  Mofelle. 
It  owed  its  municipal  priviieges  to  the  Etn- 


B  E  R 

peror  Rodolphus  I.  i8  miles  ENE.  Treves, 
3  WSW.  Traarbach.  Long.  7.  a.  E.  Lat. 
49.  57.  N. 

Berndorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifhoprick  of  Wurzburg.  4  miles  S.  Ko- 
niglhofen  in  Der  Grabfeld. 

Berne,  a  canton  of  Swiiferland,  bounded 
on  the  eaft  by  the  cantons  of  Uri,  Unterwal- 
den,  Lucern,  and  the  county  of  Baden  ;  on 
the  north  by  the  Auftrian  foreft-towns,  and 
the  cantons  of  Bale  and  Soleure ;  on  the  weft 
by  the  canton  of  Soleure,  the  county  of 
Bienne,  and  a  part  of  France;  and  on  the 
fouth  by  the  lake  of  Geneva,  the  Valais,  and 
the  dutchy  of  Savoy.  This  canton  is  well 
cultivated,  and  very  populous;  its  length  is 
about  180  miles,  and  its  breadth  90.  It  is  far 
the  largeft  of  the  cantons,  and  compre- 
hends one-third  of  all  SwiiTerland.  The 
plains  are  fertile  in  corn  and  fruit,  the  lofty 
Alps  afford  abundance  of  excellent  paftu- 
rage,  and  fupport  numerous  flocks,  from 
whofe  milk  they  make  butter  and  excellent 
cheefe.  The  mofl  beautiful  and  moft  fertile 
fpots  are  on  the  fides  of  the  lakes  of  Geneva 
and  Neufchatel.  Here  grow  moft  excellent 
fruits,  and  here  are  made  moft  excellent 
wines.  Near  Berne  is  found  a  white  clay, 
farther  on,  red,  white,  black,  and  blue.  Near 
Grandfon  is  a  blue  clay,  ufed  for  pottery; 
in  other  places  are  found  ftone  of  different 
forts,  plafter  of  Paris,  cryftal,  fait  fprings, 
coal,  fulphur;  mines  of  iron,  copper,  lead, 
iilvcr;  and  medicinal  baths.  They  count  ^9 
towns,  great  and  fmall,  and  1300  villages. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  is  eftimated,  ac- 
cording to  fome,  at  340,000;  according  to 
others  400,000.  In  fome  parts  of  the  coun- 
try they  fpeak  French,  but  German  is  the 
moil  general  language.  Horfes,  cheefe, 
linen  cloth,  coarfe  cloth  made  of  hemp, 
cloth  of  cotton,  and  woollen  fluffs,  are  the 
principal  articles  of  exportation.  They 
fend  annually  from  this  canton  io,coo  pieces 
of  linen,  the  principal  part  of  which  goes  to 
Lyons.  At  Berne  they  have  alio  manufac- 
tures of  fiik,  chiefly  ftuffs  and  coloured 
ilockings.  In  the  weff  em  part  of  the  moun- 
tains the  principal  employment  is  clock- 
making,  and  polifhing  falfe  ftones.  The 
whole  canton  profefles  the  reformed  religion. 
This  canton  lirft  united  to  Uri,  Schwitz, 
and  Unterwalden,  in  1353,  and  from  that 
time  has  been  accounted  among  the  mem- 
bers of  this  league.  Its  power  has  exalted 
it  to  the  fecond  rank,  and  its  extent  of  coun- 
try has  increafed  infcnflbly  by  purchafe, 
treaties,  and  conqueft.  The  govern  mentis 
ariftocratical.  The  militia  is  formed  of  2 1 
regiments  of  infantry,  and  4  regiments  of 
dragoons.  Each  diitri^^  is  governed  by  a 
bailiff,  who  reiides  in  hisbaiUwick  as  long  as 
h\is  office  continues;  he  is  chofen  by  lot,  and 
every  year  gives  an  accoynt  of  his  charge. 


B  E  R 

Berne,  a  city  of  SwifTerland,  and  capital 
of  the  canton  of  the  fame  name,  founded  by 
Berchtold  duke  of  Zahringen.  It  is  fitu- 
ated  on  the  Aar,  which  wafhes  three  fides, 
and  forms  a  peninfula.  To  the  weft  it  is 
fortified  by  walls,  ditches,  and  ramparts ; 
the  ftreets  are  wide,  and  the  lioufes  in  gene- 
ral built  with  ftone.  Among  the  public 
buildings  are  the  town-houfe,  public  gram- 
mar fchool  or  academy,  arfenal,  well  fup- 
plied  with  arms  and  military  ftores,  and  a 
public  granary.  The  great  church  was 
founded  in  142 1,  and  it  is  efteemed  a  moll 
beautiful  piece  of  architedure.  In  March 
1797,  this  city  was  taken  by  the  French. 
45  miles  S.  Bale,  78  NE.  Geneva.  Lojig.  7. 
19.  E.  Lat>  46.  56.  N. 

Berneck,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Bayreuth.     8  miles  N.  Bayreuth, 

Berneck,  fee  Bernayig. 

Bernecourt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meurte.  9  miles  SW.  Poiit- 
a-Mouffon,  9  N.  Toul. 

Berner's  Bay,  a  bay  in  Lynn  canal,  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Nordi-Amevica,  betweea 
Point  Bridget  and  Point  St.  Mary. 

Berngra,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Invernefs,  in  which  are  barracks  fqr 
200  men.    32  miles  NW.  Fort  William. 

Beriicray,  or  Bijhop^s  Ijland,  one  of  the 
Weftern  iflands  of  Scotland,  and  the  moft 
foutherly  of  thofe  called  Bifliop's  iflands, 
about  5  miles  in  circumference.  It  is  fertile, 
and  has  a  wood  of  firs.  In  the  centre  is  a 
lake  of  frefh  water ;  and  on  the  ifland  there 
are  two  chapels.  Long.  7.  1$.  W.  Lat. 
56.  47-N. 

Berneray,  one  of  the  Weftern  iflands  of 
Scotland,  about  4  miles  long,  and  i  broad, 
between  Harris  and  North  Uift.  Long. 
7.  10.  W.  Lat.  SI'  42-  N. 

Bertieray,  a  fmall  ifland  in  a  bay,  called 
Loch  Bernera,  on  che  weft  coaft  of  Lewis. 
Long.  6.  49.  W.  Lat.  58.  12.  N. 

Bcrnersdorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
marggravate  o-i  Meifl'en.  4  miles  NE.  Lau- 
enftein. 

BerncJJa,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  the  Stura.     5  miles  W.  Coni. 

Bcrncville,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  de- 
partment of  the  ftraits  of  Calais.  4  miles 
SW.  Arras. 

Bernex,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Leman.  4  miles  NW. 
Geneva. 

Berngries,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
fliopric  of  Aiclittadt,  on  the  Altmuhl.  24 
miles  W.  Ratiftjon,  33  SSW.  Amberg. 

Baiibard,  a  town  of  German v,  in  the 
county  of  Hennebcrg.  5  miles  SSW. 
Sohleufingen. 

Bernharts,  a  town  of  Auftria.  7  miles 
ESE.  f  eldfburg. 

Bcrfihcim}  fee  Burg  Bcrnhcim, 


B  E  R 

Bern'c  a  tov/n  of  Barca,  on ■  the coaft.  5 0 
miles  SW.  Tolometa. 

Bermn,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ifere.     8  miles  N,  Grenoble. 

Bcrr'no,  a  mountain  of  the  Grifons.  17 
miles  NE.Ch^avenna. 

B<;riin,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  Pomerelia. 
16  nnilcs  S.  Dantzic. 

Berno,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  Mid- 
dle Mark  of  Brandenburg.  15  miles  NNE. 
Beilm.    Long.  13.  40-  E.  Lat.  52.  41-  N. 

Bcrnon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aube.     4  miles  SE.  Ervy. 

Bcrnovilzkoe,  a  town  of  RulFia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Smolenflco.  40  m.N.SnK.lenflc. 

Bf^rnjlaiU,  ox  Beroljladt,  a  town  of  Sile- 
fia,  in  ihe  principality  of  Gels,  on  the  Wcy- 
da,  7  miles  SE.  Gels,  30  E.  Breilau.  Long. 
17.  .14.  E.  T^at.  51.  6.N. 

Bcrnjhdt,  or  Beniftirdteh  or  Bernard- 
zici-,  a  town  of  Upper  Lufatia,  in  the  circle 
of  Budiilln.  In  X429,  this  town  was  laid 
valle  by  tiie  HufTites.  9  miles  3  W.  Gorlitz. 
Lo^g,  14.  54  E.  Lat.s\.  2.  N. 

Bervjiein,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
New  Maik  of  Brandenburg.  40  miles  IS'E. 
Cuftrin,  iS  SE.  Stargard.     Lcug.  15.  16.  E. 

ivi?/.  5.;.  9.N. 

Bernllein,  a  town  and  caftle  of  Bavaria. 
■X  miles"  WSW.  Gr.ivenau. 

Bernf.chi,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Bayreuth.  3  miles  NE. 
Wunfiedel. 

Biriiut,  a  mountain  of  Ejiropean  Turkey, 
in  Macedonia.     10  miles  SE.  Saloniki. 

Burjv!,  a  town  of  France.     6  m.  S.Paris. 

Bernyt,  a  town  of  Bengal.  18  m.  Noony. 

BeroUJladf,  fee  Bernjhidt. 

Berohheim,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Anfpach,  ii;uatcd  on  the  Alt- 
nahl,  with  two  churches.  5  males  W. 
WenTenburg. 

Beron,  or  Benin,  a  town  of  Silefia,  in  the 
principality  of  Rahbor.    9  m.NE.  Pies. 

Berov.helU  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Nile.     %  miles  SW.  Atfieh. 

Be:  00,  a  country  of  Africa,  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Sahara,  on  the  eafl  by  Tom- 
buftoo,  on  the  fouth  by  Mafina  and  Bam- 
bara.  and  on  the  weft  by  Ludamar;  about 
a4o  miles  in  length  from  eafl  to  welf,  and 
from  jyO  to  70  broad.  Walet  appears  to  be 
the chi'.!f  town.  Long,  i.  to  j.V/.  Lat.  iz. 
10.  to  i.v  .30.  N. 

Beroudge,  a  to\t'h  of  Hindoofran,  in  the 
fvibah  of  j.ahorc.'  'po  miles  N.  Lahore. 
Long.  71.  :;<^.  E    Lai.'},2.  34.  N. 

BiT,ivlcy,  ato\yn.of  liindooihin,  in  Be- 
rarcs.    ao  m.  E.  Garyponr. 

I^."-ia:tdy,  a  town  ol  Bengal.  5  miles  E. 
Bo>;!ipoiir. 

Berri',  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
mont  of  the  numths  of  the  Rh6nc,  fitn;ited 
at  the  mouth  of  u  riv^r  running  into  the 


B  E  R 

lake  of  Martigues,  otherwife  called  the  Lake 
of  Berrc;  in  an  unhealihy  climate.  It  was 
formciiy  one  of  the  ftrongef!;  towns  of  Pro- 
vence. Charles  Emanuel  duke  of  Savoy 
took  it  after  a  long  fiege  in  1591,  during  the 
wars  of  the  League ;  and  although  ail  the 
reft  of  ihe  province  fubmicted  to  Henry  IV. 
he  could  not  drive  the  Savoyards  from  Bei  re, 
till  it  was  given  up,  in  1598,  by  the  peace  of 
Vervins.  13  m,  W.  Aix,  25  S.  Apt.  Long„ 
5.  9   E.  Lat.  43.  22.  N. 

Berroom,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Alla- 
habad.    46  miles  WSW.  Kairabad. 

i?if;-r_y,  before  the  revolution,  a  province  of 
France,  of  which  Bourges  was  the  capital; 
bounded  on  the  eafl:  by  Nivernois,  on  the 
fouth  by  Bourbonnois  and  Marche,  on  the 
well  by  Pcitou,  and  on  the  north  by  Orlean- 
nois.  Berry  is  fertile  in  corn,  fruit,  wine, 
and  pafturage ;  and  contains  alio  fome  mines 
of  filver,  iron,  and  oclire. 

Berry  [jlands-,  a  cluifer  of  fmali  iHands 
among  the  Bahamas.  Long.  79.  10.  W, 
Lat-  25,28.N. 

Berrydale  Ncfs,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on  the 
coaft  of  Calohnefs.  Long.  3.  23.  W.  Lat.  58. 

Berfabea-,  or  Begbelhi,  ox Bianca  Guardian 
a  cp.ftle  or  fortrefs  of  Paleftine,  near  the  town 
of  Afcalon  ;  built  by  the  Chriltians  in  1133, 
to  keep  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  in  awe, 
and  committed  to  the  care  of  the  knights  of 
St.  John. 

Berfa^ia,  a  town  of  Tuikeftan.  40  miles 
ENE.  Tuikefian. 

Bfrlana,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  ^^  miles 
S.  Delhi. 

Berfchetz,  a  town  of  Iftria.  13  miles  S, 
Fii'me,  and  38  SE.  Tricfte.  Lo7ig.  14.  25' 
E.  Lat.  45.  27.  N. 

Berfcb,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Rhine.  20  miles  SW. 
Fort  Vauban. 

Bsrfcb'iveHer,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Mount  Tonnerre.  20  miles 
N.  Deux  Ponts.    ■ 

Berfel,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Marafch,  on  the  Euphrates. 
30  miles  S.  Malatia. 

Bei-feli,  ox  Brifelht  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  department  of  the  Croltolo,  on  the  Po. 
It  was  taken  by  the  Imperial  troops  in  the 
year  1702,  and  by  the  Duke  of  Vendome 
the  year  following.  The  emperor  Otho 
died  here,  after  being  defeated  by  the  army 
of  Vitellius.  The  tov;n  islinall,  but  llrong, 
and  defended  with  a  caftle.  10  miles  NE. 
Parma,  and  27  NW.  JNIodena.  Long.  10, 
30.  E.  Lat.  44.55-  N. 

Brrjn-jj,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern* 
mcnt  of  Ivolivan.     20  miles  NE.  Kohvan. 

Bert,  lee  Brit. 

Berielsdorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
mar;^gravatc' of  Anfpach.  6  miles  SSE. 
Cloilcr  licilfbronn. 


B  E  R 


B  E  R 


Bsrtefztt,  a  town  of  Walachia.  31  miles 
SW.  Ibriali. 

Bertkler,  (La,)  a  town  of  Canada,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  St.  Laurence.  LoT.g. 
73.  W.  Lat.  43.  6.  N. 

Bcrthier,  (La,)  a  town  of  Canada,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  St.  Laurence.  Long. 
70.  34-  W.    Z^/.  46.  55.  N. 

Bcrthoh,  a  town  of  Aultria.  5  miles 
WNW.  Zwelt. 

Bertboncslles.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Orne.  13  miles  NE.  Bel- 
Icfme. 

Bertie,  a  town  of  South-Carolina.  25 
miles  ESE.  Halifax. 

Bcrtniero,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rubicon,  the  fee  of  a  biihop,  fuf- 
fiagiin  of  Ravenna,  anciently  called  Fonim 
FruentiTiorum.  It  is  fituated  on  a  hi'!,  and 
defended  by  a  citadel,  built  by  the  Emperor 
Feidinand  II.  after  he  had  made  himfelf 
mailer  of  the  town.  5  miies  E.  Forli,  and 
15S. Ravenna.  Lofig. 12. j.E-  Lat. /i^.().'N. 
_  Bertingen,  a  town  of  PrufTia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ermeland.    4  miles  S.  Allenftein. 

Bertoncourt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Molelle,  and  difti  id  of  Bour- 
lay.     10  miles  i\'£.  Metz. 

Bdrto'iico,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Po.  i6  miles  VVN  vV. 
Cremona,  9  SE.  Lodi. 

Bertrim.ntier,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
departnvent  of  the  Vofges.  4  m.  E.  St.  Diey. 

Berttula,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Tavaft- 
land      34  miles  VVSVV.  Tavalfhus. 

Beruga,  a  linali  iiland  near  tlic  weft  coail 
of  Mexico,  in  Salinas-Bay.  Loi:g.  84.  46. 
W.  Lat.  10.  ^o.  N. 

Bervie,  or  Inverbervie,  a  feaport  town  of 
Scotland,  in  the  county  of  Kincardine,  fitu- 
ated on  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  near  the 
mouth,  which  forms  a  bay  in  the  German 
Ocean,  called  Bcrvic  Bay.  It  is  a  royal 
burgh;  and  united  v/ith  Aberdeen,  Aberbro- 
thick,  and  Montrofe,  fends  a  member  to  the 
imperial  parliament.  In  i8gi,  the  number 
oi  inhabitants  was  1068.  13  miles  N.  Mon- 
trole,  and  23  S.  Aberdeen.  Long.  %.  16.  W. 
Lat.  56.  49.  N. 

Bervie  Broiv,  fee  Craig  Davie. 

Bervine,  or  Dalem,  a  river  of  France, 
which  pafTes  by  Dalem,  and  runs  into  the 
Meufe  near  Vilet. 

Beriaua,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen. 
20  miles  W.  Sahar. 

Berus,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mofelle,  and  diftrid  of  Sar- 
Louis.  4  miles  SW.  Sar-Louis,  and  2  E. 
Bouzonville. 

Benin,  or  Bieriin,  a  tov/n  of  Silefia,  in  the 
lordlhipnfPiefz.  9  m.  NNE.Piefz.  Lo7ig. 
19.  I.  £.  Lat.  50.  3.N. 

Berury,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Alla- 
habad.   1%  miles  W.  Curnih. 


Bc>:'v:kk,  a  rive;  of  Ncw-Hampfhifc,  ia 
North-America. 

Bernvick  in  Ehnet,  a  village  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Yc.rk,  once  a  royal  villa,  and 
furrounded  witl".  w dls.  3 miles  W  Ab'-iford. 

Berwick,  fNorlh,)  a  town  of  Scotland, 
in  t'le  county  of  Haddington,  on  the  coaft 
of  the  German  Ocean,  at  the  fouth  fide  of 
the  entrance  into  the  frith  of  Fortli.  It  is  a 
royal  burgh,  and  ailifts,  with  four  other 
places,  to  rctui-n  one  m^'mber  to  parliament. 
9  miles  N.  Haddington,  22  E.  Edinburgh. 
Lr:g.  3.  24.  W.  Lat.  56.  5.N. 

Berivick  upoy:  T<nveed,  a  town  of  England, 
fituated  on  the  nort'n  or  Scotch  fide  of  the 
Tweed,  and  ;'  county  of  it'lif,  regularly  forti- 
fied with  walls,  bafrions,  and  ditches.  It  for- 
merly belonged  toScotla;:d,wasthe  capital  of 
thecounty  of  Berwick, and  feveral  times  taken 
and  retaken  by  the  Eiglilh,  till  the  year  1482, 
when  it  was  taken  by  the  Duke  of  Glolter, 
brother  to  Edward  IV.  and  has  ever  lincc 
belonged  to  t'le  Englilh.  The  river  is  broad, 
with  abridge  over  it  of  lixteen  arches.  The 
tov^n  is  of  much  lefs  extent  than  formerly; 
the  old  calHe,  now  gone  to  decay,  lies  at 
fonie  aiftance  from  the  ramparts.  The  bar- 
racks are  large,  and  capable  of  containing 
two  regiments  of  foot  with  convenience. 
Abundance  of  wool  is  exported  from  this 
town ;  eg^s  in  vaft  abundance,  collefled 
through  all  the  country  almoft  as  far  as 
Carlifle,  are  packed  up  in  boxes  with  the 
thick  end  downwards,  and  fent  to  London 
for  the  ufeot  fagar-refiners.  The  falmon  fifh- 
eries  here  are  very  confiderable,  and  like- 
wife  bring  vaft  fams.  They  lie  on  each  fide 
the  river,  and  all  private  property,  except 
what  belongs  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
Durham,  which  in  rent  and  tithe  of  fifh 
brings  in  450I.  per  annum  •,  for  all  the  other 
fifiieries  are  liable  to  tithe.  The  common 
rents  are  50I.  a  year,  for  which  tenants  have 
as  much  fhore  as  ferves  to  launch  out  and 
draw  their  nets  on:  the  hmits  of  each  are 
ftaked;  one  man  goes  off  in  afmall  ilac-bot- 
tomcd  boat,  fquare  at  one  end,  and  taking 
as  large  a  circuit  as  his  net  admits,  brings  it 
en  fhore  at  the  extremity  of  his  boundary, 
where  others  alTift  in  landing  it.  The  beft 
fidiery  is  on  the  fouth  fide;  very  fine  falmon 
trout  are  often  taken  here,  which  come 
up  to  fpavvfn  from  the  fea,  and  return  in  the 
fame  manner  as  the  falmon  do.  The  chief 
import  is  timber  from  Norway  and  the  Bal- 
tic. It  is  governed  by  a  mayor,  recorder, 
t(wn-clerk,  and  four  bailiffs,  and  fends  two 
members  to  parliament.  It  has  a  weekly 
market  on  Saturday;  and,  in  i8ci, contained 
7187  inhabitants.  54  miles  S.  Edinburgh, 
and  2i5  N.  L  indon.  Long.z.%.  VV.  Lat. 
55'  47-  N. 

Bervick,  a  town  of  Pennfylvania,  on  the 
Sufqueliana.    20  miles  W.  Wilkcibarre. 


B  E5 

Bcrnv!'k,  a  town  of  Pennfylyania.  is 
miles  WSW.  York. 

B^^rwickjlure,  a  maritime  county  of  Scot- 
Lmd,  bounded  on  the  north-weft  by  H:id- 
ilingtcmfliire;  on  tJie  north-caft  by  ihc  Ger- 
man lea;  on  "the  fouth  by  Northumberland 
and  Roxburghihire,  from  both  which  it  is 
fcp.irated  by  the  Tweed,  from  the  former 
wholly,  from  the  latter  in  part  only ;  and  on 
weft  by  the  counties  of  Roxburgh  and  Edin- 
burgh: about  ;,o  miles  in  length  from  eaft  to 
weft,  and  i6  in  breadth.  It  was  anciently 
inhabited  by  a  peoi^le  called  OrdolutjE,  a 
branch  of  the  Scottadcni:  it  was  afterwards 
called  Mers,  or  Merch,  from  its  being  the 
boundaiv  between  the  two  kingdoms.  It  is 
Eow  divided  into  Mers,  Lammermuir,  and 
Lauderdale .  Mers  is  the  fouthern  part,  bor- 
dering on  the  Tweed,  well  watered  by  the 
Black  and  White  Water,  two  rivers  which 
unite,  and  afterwards  run  into  the  Tweed 
a;bt>ut  two  miles  above  Berv/ick.  It  is  fertile, 
ind  produces  plenty  of  corn  and  hay.  Lam- 
mermuir is  lituated  to  the  north  of  Mers, 
ind  is  a  large  tract  ot  mountains  and  moors, 
■which  abound  in  game;  it  affords  good  paf- 
tare,  but  not  much  corn.  Lauderdale,  fo 
called  from  the  river  Lauder,  \vhich  runs 
through  it  from  north  to  Ibuth,  is  fituated 
to  the  v/eft  of  the  other  two  diftrids;  it 
contains  fome  woods,  paftures,  and  good 
corn  land.  The  principal  rivers  in  this 
tcuiitv  arethe  Tw^'cd,  the  Lauder,  the  Black 
8'ad  White  Water  bcfore-miCntipned,  and 
the  Eye.  The  Lauder  rifes  in  the  north- 
Vr'eft  part  of  the  county,  paflcs  by  the  town 
ot  Lauder,  and  runs  into  the  Tweed  lo  miles 
vcft  ot  Kelib.  I'he  Eye  rifes  in  Haddmg- 
xonlliire,  and  runs  into  the  German  Ocean  at 
r.\xn^outh.  The  chief  towns  are  Dunle, 
Greenlaw,  Eyemouth,  Lauder,  Coldftream, 
and  Cockburnipath.  In  1801,  the  number 
ot  inhabitants  was  30,6:1,  of  whom  3343 
were  employed  in  trade  and  manufaclures, 
ajid  6396  in  agriculture. 

Jicrygi!>2,  a  town  of  Africa,  belonging  to 
the  Ikni-Mczab.     27  miles  E.  Gardeiah. 

Jjjrza,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia.  In 
iAc4,  it  was  taken  by  the  French,  and  re- 
u!>en  bv  the  Spaniards  the  year  following. 

Bi'rzeh,  or  Berzich,  a  town  of  Syri^i ,  in  the 
pachalic  of  Damalcus;  near  this  "place  it  is 
laid  Abrah<im  overtook  the  four  kings  when 
he  deliveied  Lot.     4  miles  N.  Dam;iicus. 

/icr^<?,atownofItaly.  1 1  m.  NNW.Hreno. 

B'.-rzoii-ifz.,  a  town  of  Hungary.  1 2.  miles 
NNE.  Leutfch. 

Bcrzui/t,  Ti.  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
bailiwick  of  Locarno.   10  m.  N\V.  Locarno. 

yycv2v/w,atown  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Min^lv.  4z  miles  NNE.  Minlk. 

Befii\;no,  a  river  which  riles  in  the  Appc 
.•}i;us,  and  runs  into  the  lea  at  Genoa. 
B'.jruu,  a  lov/n  of  Spain,  ui  Catalonia,  at 


B  E  S 

the  foot  of  the  Pyrenees.  It  had  anciently 
its  particular  counts.  Pope  Benedict  VIII» 
eredted  it  into  an  archbifhopric,  which  was 
foon  after  fupprefTcd.  21  miles  from  the 
Mediterranean,  and  15  N.  from  Gerona. 

Befancon,  a  city  of  France,  and  capita}  of 
the  department  of  the  Doubs ;  before  the  re- 
volution, the  capital  of  Franche  Comtc,  and 
fee  of  an  archbifliop.  liefan9on  is  fituated 
in  abottom  between  mountains  on  the  Doubs, 
whofe  waters  almolt  furround  and  divide  it 
into  Upper  and  Lower  town,  joined  by  a 
handfome  bridge.  It  has  fix  gates,  three  to. 
the  upper  and  three  to  the  lower  town.  It 
is  ftrong  both  by  art  and  nature,  being  de- 
fended by  a  wall  flanked  with  eight  towers 
like  baftions :  the  citadel  is  a  long  i'quare, 
built  on  a  fliarp  rock.  The  ancient  name 
of  diis  city  was  Vefontio.  Csefar  took  it 
from  the  Sequani,  and  made  it  a  place  of 
arms.  Under  the  Romans,  it  was  one  of 
the  moft  magniiicent  places  which  they  had 
in  Gaul,  and  many  remains  of  their  fupcrb 
buildings  arc  yet  vifible :  after  the  death  of 
Julian,  it  was  nearly  deltroyed  by  the  Ger- 
mans, and  a  fccond  time  by  Attila.  It  after- 
wards became  an  Imperial  city,  till  the  time 
of  Louis  XIV.,  who,  in  the  year  1674,  made 
himfelf  mailer  of  it,  and  united  it  to  France. 
The  univerfity  is  an  ancient  and  celebrated 
foundation  ;  and  in  the  year  1752,  a  literary 
and  fliilitary  fociety  was  inftituted  there.  It 
contains  eight  parifhes,  and  the  nr.mber  of 
inhabitants  computed  at  30,000.  26  pofts 
SSW.  Strafburg,  and48ESE.  Paris.  Long. 
6.  5.  E.     Z/rf/.  47.  14.N. 

Befanni,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Chufiftan.  ao  miles  W.  Jondefabur,  and 
50  NW.  Tofta. 

Bcfca,  a  town  on  the  fouth-eaft  coall  of 
the  illand  of  Veglia.    9  miles  E.  Veglia. 

Bejloraughy  an  illand  in  Norton-Sound, 
on  the  weft  coaft  of  North-America.  Lojig, 
161.  15.  W.    Lnt.  64.  10.  N. 

B.'fcara^  fee  Bifcara. 

BeJclpQur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  .\gi- 
mere.     10  miles  NE.  Joodpour. 

Bcfcrg  Hcnlu,  or  Bc-jlrghenlu,  a  town  of 
Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Caramania.  34  miles  N. 
Akierai. 

Bcfcjtadtt  or  BeJJlj-SLider,  a  fcaport  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Iceland.  43  miles  W.  Skal- 
holt.     I.07!g.  17.46.  W.     Laf.  64.  6.  N. 

Bijhii-jcu,  a  town  of  Circallia.  27  miles 
NW.  Efl<ikelek. 

Bt;JhnapQur-t  a  town  of  Bengal.  24  miles 
S.  Calcutta. 

Bcjfaii,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment  of  the  Herault.     10  miles  Y..  Beziers. 

Bejj'araba^  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Bulgaria.  48  m.  N.'l"erno\a,  6  S.  Rufeck. 

Bcjjitrabtii,  or  Budziac  'Tartars,  a  imall 
country  of  Europe,  bounded  on  the  weft  by 
Moldavia,  on  the  fouth  by  the  Danube,  ot\ 


BET 


BET 


the  eaft  by  the  Black  Sea,  and  on  the  north 
by  Riillia.  The  inhabitants  are  the  Budziac 
Tartars.  The  country  was  of  old  inhabited 
by  the  Arpii,  a  people  of  Lower  Mxlia,  and 
it  was  called  the  Dejl-rt  of  the  Get<t.  It  be- 
came afterwards  annexed  to  the  kingdom  of 
HuBgary,  then  to  Moldavia,  to  which  it  is 
ftili  confidered  to  belong.  It  is  partlymarfhy, 
and  partly  movmtainous.  The  chief  towns 
are  Bender,  Akerman,Kilia,  and  Ifmail. 

Bejfauy  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Grain 
coall.     Long.  9.  40.  W.     Lat.  5.  50.  N- 

Bc'Jfay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Allier.     8  miles  S.  Moulins. 

Beffi,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  dillrid,  in  the  department  of  Puy 
de  Dome.  18  miles  S.  Clermont,  and  13 
W.  Iffoire.    Long.  3.  i.  E.    Lat. 45.  31.  N. 

BeJJ},  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var.     6  miles  SE.  Brignols. 

B^Jfe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Sarte,  on  the  river  Braye.     3  miles  S. 
_  iJt.  Calais. 

Bejjl'nay,  a  town  of  France,  tn  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  1 2  miles  W. 
Lyons. 

Bejfeiibach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
archSifliopric  of  Mentz.  6  miles  E.  Afchaf- 
tenburg. 

Bjiffi'rtie,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Denmark,  a 
miles  SE.  Veyeroe. 

Bejfieres,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Garonne.  15  miles  NE. 
Touloufe. 

BeJJigks'mi,  or  Bejigheh/i,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, m  the  dutchy  of  Wurtemberg,  at  the 
conflux  of  the  Ens  and  Neckar.  23  miles 
N.  Stuttgart.    Lojig.  9. 15.  E.  Lat.  49. 2. N. 

^^/«,  before  the  revolution  a  fmall  coun- 
try of  France,  m  Lower  Normandy,  near 
the  fea  coaft. 

BeJJinesi  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Vienne.  18  miles  N. 
Limoges. 

BeJJbnie,  (La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Tarn.  9  miles  NNE. 
Caftres,  and  15  SSE.  Alby. 

Bejfy-Bell,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  In  the 
county  of  Tyrone.     10  miles  S.  Strabane. 

Bejt,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  Farfiilan.  10 
miles  NE.  Yefd. 

BeJiaaJ,  a  town  of  Norway.  36  miles 
NNE.  Drontheim. 

_  Bejkndorf,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Oberland.     4  miles  W.  Morungen. 

Befudagunge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Ma'.wa.     14  miles  NNVV.  Andeah. 

Bejlorozin,  or  Befz£r7?isjty.,  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary.    8  miles  NNW.  Dsbreczin. 

Betah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  36  miles  S'vV. 
Burdv/an. 

Bi'taviore-Head,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Skye.  Long.  6.  43-  W.  LrJ. 
J  7.  26.  N. 


Betiiviunguluv!,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.    9  miles  W .  liangalore. 

Betangosy  or  Bctai-.zo^,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Galicia,  according  to  fome  anciently  called 
Flavium  Briganti'.v/,  or  Flaviobriga.  32 
miles  NW.Lugo, and 33  NNE.Compoftello. 
Long.  8.  12.  W.     Lat.^i.  20.  N. 

Bctavcuria,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of" 
Fuerteventura,  one  of  the  Canary  iflands. 
Lo7:g.  14.  4.  W.     Lat.  28.  20.  N. 

Bi-tvla,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country  ■ 
of  Calbari.     20  miles  NNE.  Moneba. 

Bi'teenan,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Sooloo  Ar-. 
chipelago.     Z-o;/^.  121.  30. E.   Lat.6.  z.Ii. 

Beteiah,  a  town  of  Nigritia.     Long.  25.  • 
12.  E.     Lat.  II.  ^^.  N. 

Betel  Ijlandf  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  • 
Cambaye,  near  the  coaft  of  Guzerat.'  This 
ifland  was  taken  from  the  King  of  Cambaye 
by  the  Portuguefe,  after  a  bloody  conteft,  in 
which  almofl  every  Cambayan  perifhed,  ra- 
ther than  furrender.  25  miles  ENE.  Diu. 
Long.  70.  20.  E.     Lat.  20.  40.  N. 

BetsrUy  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Alla- 
habad.    15  miles  Gazypour. 

Betcjkoe.,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the  u^eft 
fide  of  the  Irtifch.     230  miles  SE.  Tobolfii. 

Bsthabara,  a  town  of  North-Carolina,  in 
the  diftrid  called  Wachovia.  5  miles  N. 
Salem.     Lojig.Zo.  zz.'W.     Lat.  26'S.lSi. 

Bctkany,  a  village  of  Paleftine,  in  which 
are  now  only  a  few  families.  Here  they 
fhew  the  tomb  of  Lazarus,  the  houfe  of 
Simon  the  leper,  and  the  houfe  of  Mary  Mag- 
dalene and  Martha.     3  miles  SE.  Jerufalem. 

Bethany^  a  town  of  Paleftine.  15  miles 
N.  Jerufalem. 

Bethany,  a  town  of  North-Carolina,  in  the 
diftrid  of"  Wachovia.  8  miles  N.  Salem. 
Long.  80.  25.  W.     Lat.  36. 10.  N. 

Bethienah.,  a  town  of  Paleftine.  10  miles 
NW.  Jerufalem. 

Bethlehem,  a  village  of  Paleftine,  remark- 
able for  being  the  birth-place  of  our  Saviour 
Christ.  It  is  now  a  fmall  place,  and  has 
only  a  few  poor  inhabitants;  fituated  on  a 
mountain,  about  5  m.  S.  from  Jerufalem. 

Bethlehem.,  a  town  of  North-America,  in 
the  ftate  of  Pennfylvania,  hrft  fettled  by  Ger- 
man Moravians,  in  the  year  1741;  fituated 
on  a  branch  of  the  river  Delaware,  called 
Lehigh :  the  manners  and  drefs  of  the  people 
are  fimple,  and  peculiar  tothemfelves;  divine 
ferviee  is  performed  in  Englilh  and  in  Ger- 
man.    ^2i  miles  N.  Philadelphia. 

Beihnal,  fee  BeJnal. 

Beth/an,  or  Bais.vi,  a  town  of  Paleftine. 
4d  miles  N.  Jerufalem. 

Bethune,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftriifl,  in  the  department  of  the 
Straits  of  Calais.  It  formerly  belonged  to 
the  counts  of  Flanders,  but  being  taken  by 
Gafton  duke  of  Orleiuis,  uncle  to  Louis  XIV. 
it  was  united  to  Francs  by  the  peace  of  thy 


BET 

Pyrenees,  when  the  fortifications  were  aug- 
mented and  repaired  under  the  diredion  of 
M.  Vauban.  In  the  -year  1710,  after  the 
taking  of  Douay,  the  allied  army,  under 
PrinceEugene  and  the  Duke  of  Marlborough, 
inverted  this  town,  and  carried  it  after  a  fiege 
of  lix  weeks :  allowing  the  garrifon,  with 
two  pieces  of  cannon  and  other  honours  of 
war,  to  retire  to  St.  Omer.  Mr.  Du  Puy 
Vauban,  nephew  to  themarechal,  commanded 
the  garrifon,  which  confided  of  9  battalions, 
4  fquadrons,  and  a  detachment  of  artillery. 
It  was  reftored  to  France  in  1713,  at  the 
peace  of  Utrecht.  3I  pofts  N.  Arras,  and 
a5-|N. Paris,  /.w/^-.  2.44-E.  //rt/.50.  sa.N. 

£etiy  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Whidah.  11 
miles  WNW.  Sabi. 

Betigola,  a  town  of  Samogitia.  10  miles 
SSE.  Rolienne. 

Betimieb,  a  town  of  Syria,  so  miles  SW. 
Damalcus. 

Betiqua,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Congo. 

Betitlo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
the  Morea.     2z  miles  S.  Mifitra. 

Betley,  a  town  of  England,  in  StafFordfhire, 
with  a  market  on  Tuefdays.  5  miles  NW. 
Newcalile-under-Line,  156  NNW.  London. 

Bet  In,  or  B  edits,  or  Bidlh,  a  town  of 
Curdiftan,  in  the  government  of  Van,  fituated 
on  the  river  Khabur,  between  two  high 
mountains,  which  are  about  a  cannon-fhot 
from  each  other.  It  was  formerly  the  capital, 
and  is  now  the  refidence  of  a  curd  prince, 
■who  refides  in  a  caftle,  placed  in  the  centre 
of  the  town.  This  prince  is  neither  fubjedl 
to  the  King  of  Perfia,  or  the  Turkiih  Empe- 
ror, and  commands  an  army  of  20,000  or 
25,000  horfemen,  befides  infantry.  The 
Armenians  tell  us,  that  Betlis  was  built  by 
Alexander,  no  m.  E.  Diarbekir,  100  N. 
Moful.    Long.  42.  E.    Lat.  38.  10.  N. 

Betohi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  tlie  Plaifantin. 
16  miles  S.  Piacenza. 

Betoor,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Oude. 
30  miles  S.Cunoge. 

BetovAy,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Samogitia. 
16  m.ilcs  W.  Rofienne. 
_  Beij1:'"koii;,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in   the 
circle  of  Czaflau.     9  miles  N W.  Czaflau. 

BctfiaviUes,  a  river  of  Canada,  which  runs 
into  the  St.  Laurence,  near  Dive-bay. 

Betfu's  River,  a  river  of  North-America, 
whicli  runs  into  Lake  Michigan,  Loiig.Zs- 
a8.  W.     Lat.  44.  30.  N. 

Bcttii,  a  town  of  Aiiatic  Turkey.  70  ra. 
SSW.  Erzerum. 

Bettmv,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  BahaR 
12  miles  NNE.Bahar. 

Betlay,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  province 
of  Kai'jclhy.     3  miles  ESE.  Moorlhedabad. 

Bdtrmlorfy  a  town  of  Fr.ince,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Forefls,  on  the  Sour.  4 
miks  above  Echternach. 


B  E  V 

Bettenfeld,  a  town  of  Franconia,  in  the 
territory  of  Rothenburg.  3  miles  SW.  Ro- 
thenburg. 

Bettenfidel,  a  town  of  Franconia,  in  the 
territory  of  Nuremberg.  3  miles  SSW. 
Grafifenberg. 

Betterihaufefi,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Henneberg.     7  m.W.  Meinungen. 

Bettiab,  or  Champaraii,  a  province  of 
Bahar,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Napaul,  on 
the  eafl  by  Tyroot,  on  the  fouth  by  Hajy- 
pour,  and  on  the  fouth-wefl  by  tlie  Gunduck, 
about  80  miles  long,  and  from  10  to  32  broad. 
Bettiah  is  the  capital. 

Bettiab,  a  city  of  Hindooflan,  and  capital 
of  a  province  in  the  fubah  of  Bahar.  80 
miles  NNW.  Patna,  325  NW.  Calcutta. 
Long.  84.  26.  E-     Lat.  27.  3.  N. 

Bettingen,  a  town  of  JFrance,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Roer.     3  m.  N.  Geroldllern. 

Bettingen,  a  town  of  Swiflcrland.  35 
miles  SE.  Berne. 

Betton,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ille  and  Valaine,  and  diftrift  of 
Rennes.  ■  4  miles  N.  Rennes. 

Betton^s  Ijlatid,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  coafl  of  Revilla- 
Gigedo.     Zo/i^.  228.28.E.  Lat.  SS-21.N. 

Bettooriah,  a  province  of  Bengal,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Goragot,  Shalberis,  and 
Dinagepour,  on  the  eafl  by  Burbazzoo,  At- 
tyah,  and  Dacca,  on  the  fouth  by  PaatpalTar, 
and  on  the  weft  by  Dinagepour,  Raujefliy, 
and  Luckefepour;  about  100  miles  long,  and 
from  20  to  50  broad.     Nattore  is  the  capital. 

Bettyah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  miles  S. 
Ghidore. 

Betunve,  oxBetuve,  or  Beiaiv,  or  Batavia^ 
a  difirift  of  Holland,  in  the  dutchy  of  Guel- 
•ders,  which  lies  between  the  Meufe  and  the 
Leek. 

Betiva,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Bahar. 
17  miles  NE.  Durbungah. 

Bet-wha,^  river  of  Hindooflan,  which  runs 
into  the  Jumna,  25  miles  SE.  Calpy. 

Betzcndorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Old  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  8  miles  Salz- 
wedel,  26  W.  Stendal.  Long.  11.  18.  E. 
Lat.  52.  39.  N. 

Betzini,  a  town  of  Circaffia,  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  the  Cuban.  Long.  42.  29.  E.  Lat. 
44.  40.  N. 

Bctzirvan,  or  Bar/an,  a  town  of  Perfia, 
in  the  province  of  Adirbeitzan.  100  miles 
NE.  Tauris. 

Bctzko,  a  town  of  Hungary.  18  miles 
Vv'.  Topoltzan. 

Bevag/m,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Spoleto. 
15  miles  NW.  Spoleto,  12  SSE.  Peruglia. 

Bevais,  a  town  of  Swillerland,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Ncufchatel.     6  m.  S.  Neufchatcl. 

BczYcum,  a  town  of  Brabant.  8  miks  SE. 
Louvain. 

Beveland,  (North  J  an  ifland  in  the  ilate 


B  E  V 

of  Zealand,  formed  by  the  divided  branches 
of  the  Sclicldt.  About  6  miles  long,  and  4 
broad.   /vC/'/^^.  .v4i.E.   Z.^?/.  ji.  31.  N. 

Bevdrnui,  fZiiit.,  or  South,)  an  ifland  in 
the  Scheldt,  belonging  to  the  ftate  of  Zea- 
land: near  24  miles  long  and  7  wide,  with 
the  town  of  Goes,  and  feveral  villages.  Lofig. 
3.  48.  E.    Z^/.  51.  31.N. 

Bever,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rifes 
in  the  dutchy  of  Weftphalia,  three  miles  W. 
Arenfberg,  and  runs  into  the  Roer,  about  a 
mile  N.  Wenden. 

Bever,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  runs 
into  the  Wefer,  near  Bevcrungen. 

Bcver,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  riles 
near  Ravenfberg,  and  runs  into  the  Embs,  a 
miles  N.Telget,  in  the  bifhopric  of  Munfter. 

Bever-Head,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-eaft  coaft 
of  Nova-Scotia.  Long.  62.  20.  \V.  Lat. 
44.  42.  N. 

Bevera,  a  river  of  France,  which  paHes 
by  Sofpello,  and  runs  into  the  Roia,  a  miles 
K.  Vintimiglia. 

Beverey,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  river  Severn, 
near  Worcefter. 

Bevergern,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bitliopric  of  Munfter,  fituated  in  the  midft 
of  a  morafs,  near  a  fait  fpring.  ai  miles  N. 
Munfter. 

Beverlacke,  a  river  of  Germany,  which 
runs  into  the  Aland,  3  miles  fouth  from  See- 
haufen,  in  the  Old  Mark  of  Brandenburg. 

Beverley,  a  feaport  town  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  in  Maffachufetts,  on  the 
north  fide  of  Salem  bay.  A  cotton  manu- 
fa^iure  has  lately  been  cllablifhed  there.  15 
miles  N.  Bofton.  Long.  70.  50.  W.  Lat. 
42.  31.  N. 

Beverley,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  Eafl 
Riding  of  Yorkfhire,  is  of  great  antiquity; 
firft  began  to  be  noticed  by  the  retirement 
of  John  de  Beverley,  archbifhop  of  York,  in 
71 7,  who  lived  here  four  years,  built  a  mo- 
naflery,  and  died  in  721.  In  honour  of 
whom  feveral  kings,  particularly  Athelflan, 
who  chofe  him  guardian  faint,  endowed  the 
place  with  many  privileges  and  immunities; 
and  particularly,  that  the  freemen  fliould  he 
free  from  all  manner  of  tolls  whatibever 
throughout  all  the  kingdom  of  England. 
This  lo  increafed  its  trade  and  extent,  that 
it  was  found  necefTary  to  draw  a  channel  of 
fix  furlongs  from  the  river  to  the  tov/n,  for 
conveyance  of  foreign  commoditiesbybarges, 
&c.  It  appears  there  had  been  a  church  here 
before  John  de  Beverley,  and  that  it  was 
burned  in  11 88.  The  town  is  now  governed 
by  a  mayor,  annually  chofen  the  Mondiy 
before  Michaelmas,  twelve  aldermen,  a  re- 
corder, &c.  who  weekly  hold  a  court  of 
record  for  all  fums  whatfoever,  except  titles 
of  lands.  It  fent  two  members  to  parliament 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  The  fefFior;  for 
the  E.ill  Riding  of  York  are  always  held 


B  E  V 

here.  A  houfe  and  ofHce  has  been  built  for 
the  public  rcgilier  of  all  deeds,  wills,  &c. 
that  affed  any  lands,  &c.  in  this  riding, 
purfuant  to  an  aft  of  parliament  1708,  which 
is  an  additional  advantage,  and  fuch  as  no 
county  in  England,  befides  Middiefex  and 
Yorkfhire,  can  yet  boafl  of.  Its  principal  , 
manufaiftures  are  malt,  oatmeal,  and  tanned 
leather;  but  the  poor  people  fubfifl  moftly 
by  making  lace.  Trade  here  is  much  in- 
creafed fmce,  for  by  zSi  of  p?rliament  in 
1727,  the  cut  above-mentioned,  called  Be- 
-^erley-Bcck,  from  the  town  to  the  river  Hull, 
which  runs  into  die  Humber,  was  cleanfed, 
deepened,  and  widened,  and  diereby  made 
navigable  for  large  vefTels.  Here  are  two 
markets,  Wedncfday  for  cattle,  and  Saturday 
for  corn,  which  ig  brought  hither  in  large 
quantities,  and  great  variety  of  iifh  and  fowl 
to  both,  with  other  provifions.  There  are 
two  churches  at  Beverley.  In  1801,  the  po- 
pulation was  5401,  of  which  995  were  em- 
ployed in  trade  and  manufacftures.  30  miles 
ESE.  York,  8  NW.  Hull,  183  N.  London. 

Beverley,  a  town  of  Virginia.  24  miles 
W.  Dumfries. 

Bevern,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Upper  Saxony,  and  dutchy  of  Brunfwick,    s 
fituated  on  the  Wefer.  ao  m.W.  Eimbeck. 

Beveroji,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Drance,  4  miles  SW.  Evian. 

Beverone  de  Sopra,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli. 
14  miles  SSW.  Belgrado. 

Boverone  di  Sotto,zto\vn  of  Italy,  in  Friuli. 
14  miles  SSW.  Belgrado. 

Bever s,  a  town  of  Swifferland,  in'the  Upper 
Engadine.     3  miles  S.  Zulz. 

Beverjladt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Lower  Saxony,  and  dutchy  of  Bre- 
men.    24  miles  N.  Bremen. 

Beveriinget:,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Weftphalia,  and  bifhopric  of  Pader- 
burn,   at  the  conflux  of  the  Bever  and  the 
Wefel :  near  it  are  fprings  of  fait  water.    a6     » 
miles  SE.Paderburn. 

Beverivyck,  a  town  of  North-Holland,  with 
a  fmall  harbour,  in  the  Wyckermeer,  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  Ye.  9  m.  N.  Haerlera. 

Beuf  River,  a  river  of  North-America, 
which  runs  into  the  MifTiflippi,  Long.  91.  34. 
W.    Lat.  39.  15.  N. 

Bciif  River,  a  river  of  North-America, 
which  runs  into  the  Miffouri,  Loti^.  91.45. 
W.     Lat.  38.  25.  N. 

Btviezix,  a  village  of  Swifferland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne,  celebrated  for  its  ialt-works. 
3  miles  S.  Aigle. 

Bevilacqna,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Vero- 
ncfe.     4  miles  NE.  Legnago, 

Beuil,  fee  Boglio. 

Bcvolpr.a,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment ot  the  Benaco.     13  miles  S.  Verona. 

Bsura,  a  town  of  Bengal.  60  miles  SSW. 
Dacca. 


Senny,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meufe.  7  miles  N.  St.  Dizier, 
and  4  W.  Bar-le-Duc. 

Beitrfelden,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
couniyof  Erbach.     5  miles  S.  Erbach. 

Beurre,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Doubs.     a  miles  S.  Befangon. 

Beufelfpach.,  or  Budelfpach,  a  town  of 
Wurteniberg.     8  miles  SE.  Stuttgart. 

Beaten,  a  town  of  Upper  Saxony,  in  the 
circle  of  Neuftadt.    3  m.  SW.  Ziegenbruck. 

Bcuterjhelvi,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partmentof  MountTonnerre.  6  m.  S.Worms. 

Bent  he?!,  {Niecler,)  a  town  of  Silefia,  in  tiie 
principality  of  Carolath,  on  the  Oder.  During 
the  wars  of  Poland,  in  time  of  the  Emperor 
Frederic  I.  this  town  being  facked  and  de- 
Ifroyed,  the  inhabitants  rebuilt  it  about  two 
miles  more  wefterley,  near  a  caftle,  which 
had  been  ereded  for  the  defence  of  the  old 
town.  In  1475,  it  was  confumed  by  fire,  all 
but  the  church.  Again,  during  the  civil  wars 
of  Germany,  it  fuffered  very  much,  being 
Taken  and  retaken  feveral  times.  13  miles 
WNW.  Gros  Glogau.  Long.  15.  50.  E. 
Lat.  ^-i.  42.  N. 

Bent  hen,  {Ober,)  or  Bi thorn,  a  town  of 
Silefia,  and  capital  of  a  lordfhip;  which,  by 
a  folemn  decree, dated  i6th April  i6i7,was 
detached  from  Ingerndorf,  and  declared  to 
belong  to  the  principality  of  Oppeln.  Near 
it  is  a  hlver  mine,  which  in  1366  was  un- 
commonly produiftive.  In  1627,  it  was  taken 
bv  the  Duke  of  Saxe  Weimar.  40  miles 
ESE.  Oppeln,  32  NE.  Ratibor.  Long.  18. 
53.  E.    /.^/.  50.  18.  N. 

Beiithi-ea,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  circle 
of  Xatangen.     8  miles  S.  Lick. 

Bentb-.gen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Hohenlohe.  4  miles  W. 
Ohringcn. 

BeutJ'chen,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Pofen.     44  miles  W.  Pofen. 

Beuvron,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Calvados.     12  miles  S.  Caen. 

Beuvron,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the-  Loire,  6  miles  below  Blois. 

Benviy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Straitsof  Calais.  2m.  E.  Bethune. 

BcHzeville,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure.  7  miles  W.  Pont 
Auecmer. 

Beivdley,  or  BcauUcu,  n  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Worceiler,  (ituated  on  the 
iitie  of  t!ie  river  Severn.  According  to  tra- 
ilition,  this  town  is  faid  to  have  been  within 
till'  jiirifdi(ftion  of  the  Marches  of  Wales; 
but  by  a  Ihitute  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. 
It  is  matle  a  parcel  of  the  county  of  Wor- 
cefler.  It  takes  its  prci'ent  name  from  its 
agreeable  iituation  on  the  declivity  of  a  hill 
over  the  weflern  bank  of  the  Severn.  The 
ceremony  of  Prince  Arthur's  marriage  was 
perfyrmtd  here,  hinilclf  attending  in  perfon, 


BEY 

with  Catherine  of  Aragon  by  proxy,  on  tli5 
19th  of  May  1499 ;  and  here  his  corple 
refted  in  the  year  1502,  in  its  way  from 
Ludlow  to  Worcefter  for  interment.  For- 
merly there  were  two  weekly  markets,  on 
Wednefday  and  Saturday;  but  the  Wednes- 
day's market  is  difcontinued.  It  is  a  borough 
town,  and  fends  two  members  to  the  Britifh 
parliament,  and  is  governed  by  a  bailiff,  al- 
dermen, and  burgeffes.  The  fituation  of 
Bewdley,  in  the  midfl:  of  a  populous  and  ma- 
nufa(5turing  county,  has  made  it  long  a  flou- 
rifliing  town.  Several  trades  are  exercifed 
here.  Tannery  has  been  long  an  eflabliflied 
bufincfs.  The  Dutch  and  failors'  caps 
made  here  are  valued  for  the  excellence  of 
the  napping ;  they  feem  to  have  been  worn 
all  over  England  by  all  ranks  of  people,  till 
the  introdudion  of  fur  hats  by  the  French 
refugees  in  the  year  1685.  The  number  of 
inhabitants  in  1801  amounted  to  3671,  of 
whom  939  were  employed  in  trade  and  ma- 
nufaclures.  3  miles  W.  Kidderminfter,  14 
N.  Worcefler,  128  NW.  London. 

Benxir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
23  miles  SSW.  Patnah. 

Bex,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in  the  canton 
of  Berne,  anciently  called  Bacca.  43  miles 
SSW.  Berne,  and  36  NE.  Geneva.  Long. 
6.  52.  E.  jL/7/.  46.  47.  N. 

Bexia,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia.  13 
miles  N.  Sergorba. 

Bey  ad,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Chorafan.  aoo 
miles  WNW.  Herat. 

Beyah,  a  river  of  India,  in  the  country  of 
Lahore,  which  runs  into  the  Setledge  at 
Firofepour. 

Beyan,  a  town  of  Curdiflan.  60  miles  N. 
Sherezur. 

Beyenherg,  or  Bienherg,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  dutchyof  Berg,  on  the  Wipper. 
3  miles  N.  Lennep. 

Beyenflcth,  a  town  of  the  duchy  of  Hol- 
ffein.     5  miles  NW.  Gluckffadt. 

Beverlack,  a  river  of  Brandenburg,  which 
runs  into  the  Aland,  3  miles  S.  Sechaufen. 

Beyer  land,  an  ifland  belonging  to  Holland, 
fltuat'ed  in  the  Meufe,  with  a  town  of  the 
ianie  name.     12  miles  W.  Dort. 

Beyern,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  county 
of  Furlf enberg,  lituated  on  the  Danube.  \z 
miles  from  Dutlingen. 

Bcyhar,  or  Coos-Beyhar,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
and  capital  of  the  circar  of  Coos-Beyhar,  on 
the  Torefha.  In  the  diftri6f  of  this  town,  a 
very  lingular  cuftom  has  long  prevailed,  and 
Capt.  Turner  tells  us  he  was  aflured  by  many 
of  the  inhabitants  of  its  aflual  exilfence_  at 
this  time;  if  a  reiat,  or  peafant,  owes  a  fum 
of  money,  and  is  not  able  to  pay  the  debt, 
he  is  compelled  to  give  up  his  wife  as  a 
pledge,  until  the  debt  is  dii'charged.  The 
inhabitants  have  a  wretched  appearance,  and 
the  lower  ranks  without  fcruplc  fell  their 


B  H  E 


B  r  A 


cKildren  for  flaves.  8z  miles  N.  Dacca,  an  J 
no  NE.  Calcutta.  Long.  89.  34.  E.  Lat. 
%(,.  20.  N. 

Bcyhart'mgy  a  town  or  Bavaria.  14  miles 
ESE.  Munich. 

Beylah,  a  town  of  Africa.  60  miles  NE. 
Sennaar. 

Beynwnty  or  Beyimrt,  a  town  of  France. 
8  miles  S.  Liege. 

Beyoor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Myfore. 
6  miles  SE.  Bangalore. 

Bt'yt,  a  diftridl  of  the  fubah  of  Lahore,  eaft 
of  the  river  Behat. 

Bezaha,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
Orio,  in  the  province  of  Guipufcoa. 

Bezdelkiao,  a  town  of  Siberia.  80  miles 
N.  Balaganflvoi. 

Bezdziez,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Brzefc.  14  miles  W.  Pinllc. 

Bezi'i  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Cote  d'Or,  and  the  diftriot  of  If-fur- 
Tille.  10  miles  W.  Gray,  and  7  ESE,  If- 
fur-Tille. 

Bezenjlein,  or  Petzetijle'in,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  circle  of  Bavaria,  and  territory 
of  Nuremberg.  19  miles  NE.  Nuremberg, 
and  26  SE.  Bamberg. 

Bezetzji,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Tver.  48  miles  NNE.  Tver,  and 
260  SE.  Peterfturg.  Lo/jg.  36.  44.  E.  Laf. 
58.  30.  N. 

Bezlken,  a  town  ofTranfilvania.  ii  miles 
NNE.  Biftriz. 

Bdzicn,  a  city  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftridl  in  the  department  of  the 
Herault,  fituated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Orbe, 
not  far  from  the  grand  canal.  Before  the 
revolution  it  was  the  feat  of  a  governor,  and 
the  fee  of  a  bifhop.  T^e  cathedral  was 
finall,  but  beautiful ;  it  had,  belides  one  col- 
legiate church,  feveral  religious  houfes,  two 
hofpitals,  a  college,  and  an  academy  of  fci- 
ences  for  thirty-feven  members.  It  is  fur- 
rounded  by  a  wall  flanked  with  old  towers, 
and  bad  baftions.  It  is  not  populous  in  pro- 
portion to  its  extent,  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants is  eftimated  at  18,000.  Eight  lluices 
of  the  grand  canal  are  within  (ight  of  the 
town.  3  ports  NE.  Narbonnc,  and  108  SSE. 
Paris.     Long.  3.  17.  E.     Lat.  43.  20.  N. 

Bezzama  Marcella,  a  town  of  Naples, 
in  the  province  of  Otranto.  10  miles  N£. 
Tarento. 

Bezoara,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Condapilly.   15  m.  SE.  Condapiily. 

Bkagakotta,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Vifiapour,  on  a  river  which  runs  into  the 
Kiftnah.  16  miles  N.  Baddammy,  and  65  S. 
Vifiapour. 

Bhaiaivary  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Cuzerat.     28  miles  N.  Junagur. 

Bhakor,  fee  Behhr. 

BbartpouKy  a  town  and  fortrcfs  of  Hin- 
dooftan, governed  by  an  independent  rajah. 


In  January  1805,  the  Britifli  took  itby  ftorm. 
36  miles  W.  Agra. 

B hatter,  atown  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guzerat. 
55  miles  WNW.  Gogo. 

Bheerahy  ov  B^ht;rab,  a  town  of  Hindoof- 
tan, in  Lahore,  on  the  Bclut,  90  miles  W. 
Lahore.     Lo/ig.  72.  10.  E.     Lat.T,^.  i.  N. 

Bherivah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Mc- 
war.     10  miles  SW.  Ai'awully. 

Bhoufcrce,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     21  miles  \V.  B.ilkee. 

Bhorakeera,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  hi 
Malwa.     10  miles  N.  Saurungpour. 

Bkotul,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bcrar. 
20  miles  NW.  Maltoy. 

Bhoderrahf  a  circar  of  Bengal,  bounded 
on  the  fouth  by  Soorore,  and  elJewhere  by 
Dinagepour;  nearly  of  a  fquare  form,  about 
5  miles  each  way»   Bvdcll  is  the  chiet  town. 

Bkaidcr,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guzc- 
rat.     40  miles  W.  Junagur. 

B'uifarat  a  country  of  Africa,  lying  to  the 
fouth-eaft  of  Benin,  with  a  capital  of  tb; 
fame  name.     Lat.  4.  N. 

Biajoo,  a  river  of  Borneo,  which  runs  into 
the  fea,  Long.  114.  30.  E.     Lat.  3.  24.  S 

Bulla,  fee  Zallz. 

Biala,  a  town  of  Prufiia,  in  the  provlna; 
of  Natangen.  100  miles  SSE.  Konigfberg. 
Long.  22.  i!?.  E.  Lat.  K^.  22. 

Bialacerkiev,  a  town  of  RuGian  Poland, 
in  the  palatinate  of  Kiev.  60  miles  SSW. 
Kiev.     Long.  2,0'  10.  E.  X^//.  49.  44.N. 

Blah.grodko,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  rb'f 
palatinate  of  Volhynia.  28  miles  NNW. 
Conftantinov. 

Bialegrodko,  atown  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Kiov.     14  miles  SW.  Kiov. 

Bialla,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Brzeflcie,  belonging  to  Auftria.  i6 
miles  SW.  Brzeflv. 

BialHjlock,  or  Bialyflock,  a  town  of  Pi'of- 
fian  Poland,  in  Podlachia.  24 miles  N.Bicllk. 
Long.  22.  30.  E.  Lat.  ^2,'  2.  N. 

Bialohoky,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa'-j- 
tinate  of  Lemberg.  48  miles  SW.  Lemberg. 

Bialogorod,  a  tov/n  of  I>ithuania,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Wilna.     8  miles  SE.  Lid-i. 

Bialutten,  a  town  of  Prufiia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Oborland.     8  miles  S.  Soldaw. 

Bialykanden,  a  town  of  Auftrian  Poland, 
in  Galicia,  near  the  fource  of  die  Bog.  %  c 
miles  ENE.  Lemberg. 

Bianahad,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irac.     25  miles  N.  Gnerden. 

Biana,  a  tov/n  of  liindcioilan,  in  the  fub-ah 
of  Agra;  famous  for  its  indigo.  20  miles 
SW.  Fattipour. 

Bianca  Gnardic,  fee  Bcrfahea. 

Bianc'y,  afmall  ifland  in  the  Adriatic,  near 
the  coafl  of  Iftria.  Z-c/.'^.  13.  39.  E.  Lnt. 
45.  16.  N. 

Bianco,  Lo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Cnlabila 
Ultra.     1 1  milts  NE.  Bova. 


B  I  B 

Biandratf,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  tlie  JeiJart- 
ment  of  the  Gogna.    6  miles  NW.  Novara. 

Biatidrona,  a  town  of  Italy,  ir  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lario.     15  miles  WS  W.  Come. 

Biar,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  fitu- 
atedona  fnall  river,  which  runs  into  the  Elda, 
on  tl'.e  confines  of  New  Caftile.  Its  prin- 
cipal riches  confift  in  honey,  celebrat'^'d  for 
its  whitencfs  and  folidity,  which  is  not  aiFedl- 
cd  by  weather.     6  miles  E.  Villena. 

Biafca,  a  town  of  Swifferland,  in  thebail- 
iwic  of  Riviera.     5  miles  N.  Bellinzona. 

Bibar.,  a  town  of  Egypt,  where  a  large 
cattle-market  is  held  every  Monday.  10 
mik'.-  S.  Demenhur. 

Biliai-t,  fee  Market-Bibart. 

Bibbiena,  or  Bibbona,  a  town  of  Etruria. 
J5  miles  N.  Arezzo,  and  25  E.  Florence. 

Bibbipo'ir,  a  town  of  Hindouftan,  in  Oude. 
aj  miles  SE.  Lucknow. 

Bihe}?,  fee  Bebc. 

Bibelgled,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
ihopricofWurzburg.    3m.ESE.  Wurzbr.rg. 

Biben^  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  Irak  Age- 
mi.     140  mile';  E.  Ifpahan. 

Bihe)!,  fee  Pedena. 

Biber,  a  town  of  Germany-  m  the  t  Icc- 
torate  of  Mentz.  5  miles  EGE.  Francfort 
on  the  Main. 

Biber,  a  river  of  Swabia,  which  runs  into 
the  Danube  near  Leiphein. 

Biberchren,  a  town  t.f^"  Germ-^.iy,  in  the 
bifliopric  of  Wurzburg.  4m.NE  Rottineen. 

Biberach,  a  town  of  Germary,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Swabia,  lituated  in  a  Valley,  watered 
by  the  Riefs,  near  the  Daau.be.  The  ma- 
giftrates  and  people  are  partly  Proteftants 
and  partly  Catholics ;  the  ciiiirch  and  hofpi- 
tal  are  common  to  both.  It  paid  6j  florins 
for  a  Roman  month.  In  1634,  '  v^as  taken 
bv  the  Swedes;  and  in  1702,  by  the  Eledor 
ot  Bavaria,  In  June  1796,  it  v,as  tak°n  by 
the  French ;  and  in  the  month  of  September 
following,  the  Auftrians  were  defeated  near 
it  by  Moreau.  In  1802,  Biberach,  among 
the  indcamitics,  was  given  to  the  Marggrave 
of  Baden.  16  mi!es""SSW.  Ulm,  48  WSW. 
Augfburg.     Lcng.  9.47.  E.  Lat.  48.  7.  N. 

i?/7-d7//)7^;-^,  a  town  of  Ilsngary.  12  miles 
KE.  Prefliurg. 

Bibcrjkif!,^  town  of  Swifferland,  in  the 
canton  of  Bern,  on  the  Aar,  nearly  oppofue 
Arau. 

BibcrJIcin,  a  town  and  caftle  of  Germany, 
in  the  circle  of  the  Upper  Rhine,  and  bi- 
lliopric  of  Fulda.     8  miles  E.  Fulda. 

Biburfy  a  river  of  Franconia,  which  runs 
into  the  Rednitz,  2  miles  above  Furth. 

Bibhic,  a  town  of  nindooftan,  in  Gurry 
■  Mundlah.     20  miles  SE.  Gurrah. 

iJ/'/^/cf,  a  town  of  Egypt,  z  miles  S.  Fcium. 

Bibiguv'dy  Chk,  a\own  of  Ilindoolbm,in 
the  fubali  of  Moultan,  on  tlie  Indus.  ^.7 
miles  N.  Bdikcr. 


■B  IC 

Bihk  Read,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  of  the  ifland 
of  Lewis.    Long.  6.  7.  W.  Lat.  58.  12.  N. 

BiMlgaw,  a  town  of  Ceylon.  45  miles 
S.  Candy. 

Bibra,  or  Bebra,  or  Biebra^  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Thuringia.  10  miles  W. 
Naun-;burg,  and  8  S-  Querfurt.  Long.  11. 
48.  E.     Lat.  SI   15.  N. 

Bibrach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  marg- 
gravate  of  Baden,  where  the  Auftrians  were 
pofted  in  1796,  and  were  driven  away  by  the 
French.  It  is  lituated  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Kintzig.     3  miles  S.  Gcngenbach. 

Blbr'tch,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  the  Upper  {Ihine,  and  principality  of 
Naffau  Saarbruck  Ufingen.  3  miles  SSW. 
Wifbaden. 

Bic  Ijland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  river  St. 
Laurence,  near  the  coafl  of  Canada.  Long. 
68.  10.  W.     Lat.  48.  30.  N. 

Bicam,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Hiaqui.  45  miles  SVV.Riochico. 

Bicagong,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Can- 
deifh.     50  miles  S.  Indore. 

Bicari,  a  river  of  Sicily,  which  runs  into 
the  Termini,  two  miles  W.  Sclafaiii. 

Bkariah,  a  town  of  Algiers.  10  miles 
S  Tipfa. 

Biccar'i,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Capitanata. 

5  miles  NW.  Troja. 

Bicciator,  a  town  of  Napau.  24  miles 
S .  Mocaumpour 

BJCijhr,  Bijfeter,  or  Burccjler,  a  town  of 
En;::_land,  in  the  covuny  of  Oxford,  with  a 
large  weekly  market  held,  on  Friday.  In 
i8oi,the  number  of  inhabita.nts  was  1946,  of 
whoro  906  were  employed  in  trade  and  m.a- 
nuf:-:6tures.  The  chief  manufailure  is  making 
of  flippers.  16  miles  WNW.  Aylefbury, 
and  54  WNW.  London.  Long.  i.  9.  W. 
Lat.  51.  SI'  N. 

B'lche,  a  river  of  America,  which  runs  into 
Lake  Erie,  Long.  81.18.W.  /.«/.4i.5o. N. 

Biches,  a  llnall  ifland  in  the  Straits  of  Ma* 
lacca.  E.     Lo?:g.  lox.  i-j.  Lat.  i.  48.  N. 

Bichnl,  a  town  of  Pcifia,  in  the  province 
of  Erivan.     30  miles NNE.  Erivan. 

^/V/'c/.'V;;,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Soonda. 

6  miles  N.  Goa. 

B'lckac^er,  a  town  of  Norway.  70  miles 
SSW.  Drontheim. 

Bkkanccr,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  the  ca- 
pital of  acircar  or  diftriift,  in  the  country  of 
Agimcre;  the  country  is  iandy,  defert,  and 
in  great  want  of  water  It  is  governed  by 
a  rajah.  42  miles  W.  Nagorc,  80  WNW. 
Agimere.     L'-mg.  74.  E.  Lat.  27. 12. N. 

Bickcrabad,  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of 
Candahar.     12  miles  Ghizni. 

Bickcrton^ s  IjLind,  an  ifland  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  called  by  the  natives  Lattai,  difco- 
veied  by  M.iurellein  1781.  Itcoriilftschieliy 
of  a  vaft  conical  mountain,  tlie  fummit  of 
which  appeared  to  be  burned  3  but  the  lid.  3 


B  T  D 


B  I  E 


were  covered  with  trees;  and  it  is  furfound- 
ed  with  a  lower  border,  which  is  fertile,  and 
afFords  frelli  water.  Many  canoes  came  off, 
and  the  peoj^Ie  in  them,  among  whom  was 
tlie  chief  of  tlic  ifland,  behaved  with  much 
confidence  and  kindnefs,  and  fold  bananas 
and  cocoa-nuts  to  the  Spaniards.  Captain 
Edwards  gave  it  the  name  of  Bickerton's 
Ifland.  Long.iT^.iZ.W.  /.a/.  i8,  47.  S. 
Bickravi^our,  a  town  of  Bengal.  18  miles 
NNW.  Iviflienagur. 

Bickrcjfnponr,    a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the 
province  of  Cliittigong,.    5  m.  S.  Iflamabad. 
Bickrampouridi  town  of  Bengal.  16  miles 
NW.  Bog]  i  pour. 

Bkocco,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
n\ent  of  the  Olona ;  near  which  the  French 
were  defeated  by  the  Imperialilts  in  the  year 
1552.     2  miles  iVE.  Milan. 

Bkqucky,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meurte.  3  miles  S.  Toul, 
and  10  WSVV.  Nancy. 

Bidahoxa,  a  town  of  Bengal.  40  miles 
NF.  Calcutta. 

Bidache,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment in  the  Lower  Pyrenees.  14  miles  E. 
Bavonne,  and  9  N.  St.  Palais. 

Bidajfoa,  a  river  which  rifes  in  the  Pyre- 
nees, and  runs  into  the  fea  between  Andaye 
und  Fontarabia,  feparating France  from  Spain. 
This  river  was  a  long  time  a  fubject  of  dif- 
pute  between  France  and  Spain,  each  coun- 
try laying  an  exclufive  claim  to  it;  but  in 
the  iirtli  century,  Louis  XIL  king  of  France, 
and  Ferdinand  king  of  Spain,  agreed  that 
it  fliould  be  common  between  the  two  na- 
tions; that  the  duties  paid  by  thofe  who  pafs 
from  Spain  to  France,  fhould  belong  to  the 
latter,  and  of  thofe  who  pafs  the  contrary 
^vav,  to  the  former. 

Bidl'urg,  or  Biedhiirg,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Forefts,  containing 
two  parilh  churches  and  a  convent.  30  miles 
NNE.  Luxemburg,  and  18  NNW.  Treves. 
BidddTiore,  fee  Bednore, 
Biddaoly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
18  miles  Fyzabad. 

Bideford,  (By  the  Ford  J  a  feaport  town 
of  England,  fituated  near  the  union  of  the 
Towridge  and  the  Taw,  over  the  former  of 
which  there  is  a  very  long  bridge  of  twenty- 
four  arches,  built  by  fubfcription,  and  liip- 
ported  b^'  lands  fet  apart  for  that  purpofe; 
and  the  management  thereof  placed  by  a 
decree  of  chancery  in  the  hands  of  tniftets, 
inhabitants  of  the  town.  It  is  a  corporate, 
and  was  formerly  a  borough  town.  It  was, 
the  latter  end  of  lail  century,  and  to  the 
middle  of  this,  a  place  of  great  foreign  trade; 
but  iince  the  year  1760,  it  has  conliderablv 
leffened.  Large  quantities  of  coarfe  earthen 
ware  are  made  here,  and  fent  to  moSt  parts 
of  the  kingdom.  The  market  is  large,  and 
well  fupplicd  with  corn  and  provifions.  In 
Vol.  I,  T 


i8oi,the  number  of  inhabitants  was  iqS;- 
40  miles  N.  Exeter,  and  108  W.  I^ondon* 
Long.  4.  14.  W.  Lat.  5  r.  5.  N. 

Bideford,  a  feaport  of  America,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  the  Main,  on  Rennebeck.  18 
miles  SW.  Portland.  Lc/ig.  70.  28.  W, 
L,iiL  43.  23.  N. 

Bidefio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  kingdon> 
of  Naples,  and  country  of  Bari,  the  fee  of  a 
biihop,  fuffragan  of  Bari.  10  miles  SSW; 
Hari,  and  118  £.  Naples.  Long.  16.  46.  E. 
Lat.  4J.  S.N. 

Bidehan,  a  town  of  Periia,  in  the  province 
of  Fariiftan,  on  the  Perlian  gulf.  60  miles 
SSW.  Gaur. 

Bidgoji,  or  Bigodfcz,  a  town  of  Pruffia, 
in  Pomerelia.     64  miles  S.  Dantzig. 

Bidgofchtfch,  fee  Bromhcrg. 

Bidgull,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak,     5  miles  N.-Calhan, 

Bid'lfur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oriflat 
a 8  miles  WSW.  Cattack. 

Bidlif,  fee  Betlis. 

Bidofoli,  a  town  of  Italy,   in  the  depart-  ■ 
,ment  of  the  Mella.    8  miles  E.  Brcfcia. 

Bidourle,  a  river  of  France,  which  pafles 
by  S.  Hypolitc,  Sauve,  Sommieres,  Sec.  and 
runs  into  the  lake  of  Peraut,  9  miles  E« 
Montpellier. 

Bidouze,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Adour,  near  the  jundion  of  that  ri" 
ver  with  thegaves  ofPau  and  Oleron. 

BidfchoiVjOX  Biezoav,  Jl!t,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, in  the  circle  of  Konigingratz.  25 
miles  NW.  Neu  Eidfchow. 
.  Bidfcho-xv,  Neu,  or  Biezoiv,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, in  the  circle  of  Konigingratz.  It  is 
a  royal  town.  14  miles  W.  Konigingratz, 
36  ENE.  Prague.  Lo?ig.  15.  25.  E.  Lat„ 
50.  10.  N. 

Bidtwii,  a  country  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  the 
fouth  part  of  Syria,  bounded  on  the  north 
by  Paleftine,  on  the  weft  by  Egypt,  on  the 
eaft  and  Ibuth  by  Arabia.  It  is  nearly  a  de- 
fert,  with  only  a  few  ftraggling  a  illages. 

Bidzigur,  a  town  of  Hindoofhm,  in  the 
coimtry  of  Allahabad.  The  fort  is  built  on 
a  fteep  and  lofty  rock,  and  is  important 
from  its  fituation,  rather  than  the  ftrength 
of  the  materials:pf  which  the  walls  are  com- 
pofed.  In  this  place  Cheyt  Sing  had  depo- 
fited  fome  ccnliderable  riches,  when  he  lied 
from  Benares.  It  was  taken  by  the  Britiili, 
and  the  riches,  to  the  value  of  300,000!.  di- 
vided among  the  troops.  40  m.S.  Benares- 128 
SW.  Patna.  Long.  83.  16.  E.  Lat.  34.  4-2.-  N. 

Bieher,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  the  Uj^per  Rhine,  and  county  of  Hunau 
Munzenberg.     16  miles  E.  I-I.j.nau. 

B'lebcrfuach,  a  town  of  Germaiiy,  in  tl.e 
circle  ot  Franconia,  and  principality  cfBay- 
reuth.     8  miles  ENE.  Wunliedcl. 

Bicbra,  a  river  of  Poland,  which  runs  in- 
to the  Narew,  near  Wiezna,  in  Mafoviu. 


B'techov  Starov,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the 
gcvcrnment  of  Mogilev.  32  miles  S.  Mogi- 
lev, and  364S.  Pelerfburg.  Long.  20.  ui- 
E.  Lai-  SS'  20'  N. 

Biechovitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Kaurzim.     9  miles  E.  Prague. 

Biecz,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
tiate  of  Cracow.     48  miles  SE.  Cracow. 

Bieda-,   a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
yatrimonio.    10  miles  W.  Sutri. 
Bicdburg.,  lee  Bidburg. 

Biede>:kopf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality'of  Upper  Hefle.  1 6  miles  N W. 
Marburg. 

Bieka,  Bieque,  or  Boriqiisn,  or  Crab 
JJlandtOnc.  of  the  Virgin  illands,  in  the  Weft- 
Indies;  about  14  miles  in  circumference. 
The  foil  is  rich,  and  there  is  a  good  road  on 
the  fouth  iide.  9  miles  ESE.  from  Porto- 
Rico.    Lo)!g.  65.  15.  \V.  Lat.  18.  N. 

Bic'ke,  fee  Bieque. 

Biekonv,  or  Jczoiv,  a  town  of  Poland,  in 
the  palatinate  of  Lenczicz.  24  miles  SE. 
Lenczicz. 

Biel,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon.  18 
miles  SW.  Jaca. 

Biel,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  joins  the 
Ores  at  Exea. 

Bit'l,  fee  Bienne. 

Biela,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of 
Czaflau.     6  miles  NE.Teutfch  Brod. 

Bielach,  a  river  of  Aullria,  wliich  runs  into 
the  Danube,  near  Melck. 

BicLiJlemii  a  town  of  Croatia.  10  miles  N. 
Bihacs. 

Bielay,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Konigingratz.     4  miles  SW.Branau. 

Bh'lljkoi,  a  town  of  Siberia.  40  miles  S. 
Enifeilk. 

Bielccpol,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Kiov.     48  miles  W.  Bialacerkiew. 

Bielczy  fee  Bicljli. 

Bieler,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Tula.  50  miles  WSW.  Tula,  and 
340  SSE.  Pcteriburg.  Long,  36.  14.  E. 
Lat-ss:  15- N. 

BidfclJ,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Weftphalia,  and  county  of  Ravenfberg, 
divided  by  the  Lutterbach,  into  Old  and 
"Kcv/  Town,  fituated  at  the  foot  of  a  moun- 
tain. It  contains  about  800  houfes;  the  in- 
habitants are  partly  I-utherans,  and  partly 
.  Roman  Catholics.  Tiic  former  town  has 
two  churches;  the  latter  a  convent  and  a 
chapel.  It  received  municipal  privileges  in 
■  the  year  1287,  '^'^'^  was  formerly  Anlcatic. 
a 2  miles  N.  I-ipplVadt.  25  m.  E.  Munller. 
Long.  8.  27.  E.  Lilt.  51.  53.  N, 

Bii'lgofoJ,  :i  town  of  Rullia,  in  the  govern- 
ment ot  Kurll<,  the  fee  «f  an  archbifhop. 
CO  miles  SSW.  Kurfk,  and  340  SSE.  Peterf- 
"buig.      Z'^A'i'-.   35.  54.  E.    Lat.  so.  ss-'^- 

BiAgiudy  a  town  ot  Croatia.  40.  miles 
SE.  Bib,ics. 


B  I  E 

Bielgorod,  fee  Akermait. 
Bielian,  a  town  of  Ruffian  Tartary.  Long. 
66.  4.  E.     Lat.  43.  20.  N. 

Blelica,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Wilna.     10  miles  S.  Lida. 

Bielifky,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of'^Kiev.     48  miles  SW.  Kiev. 

Bielitziy  a  town  of  RufHa,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Mogilev.  96  miles  S.  Mogilev,  and 
464  S.  Peterfburg.  Z.o«^.  30,  54.E.  Lat. 
52.  20.  K. 

B'uila,  or  Biela,  or  Bioglio,  a.  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Sefia; 
heretofore  the  capital  of  a  fmall  country  in 
Piedmont,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
Alps,  on  the  weft  by  the  dutchy  of  Aolta, 
on  the  eaft  by  the  Vercellois  and  the  Maf- 
feran,  and  on  the  fouth  by  the  Canavez. 
Biela  is  a  rich  and  populous  town,  contain- 
ing 7000  inoabitants;  it  is  divided  into  Upper 
and  Lower,  containing  four  churches  and 
four  monafteries.  24  miles  NW.  Vercelli, 
and  35  NNE.  Turin.  Lof2g.  7.  j6.  E.  Lat. 
45.  28.N. 

Bielle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Marne.  6  miles  ESE. 
ChaumoQt. 

Bielle,  a  town  of  France,  itt-  the  Lower 
Pyrenees.     14  miles  S.  Oleron. 

Bielo,  a  lake  of  Ruffia,  in  the  government 
of  Novgorod;  60  miles  long,  and  30  where 
wideft.  Long.  32.  to  38.  E.  Lat.  60.  to 
61.   N. 

Bielogrodka,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Volhy- 
nia.     15  miles  S.  Oftrog. 

Bieloi,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Smolenflc,  on  the  river  Meza.  s^ 
miles  NNE.  Smolenflc,  and  270  SSE.  Pe- 
terfburg.    Z-(j«^.  33. 14.  E.  Z.<7^.  55.50.  N. 

Bieloi,  an  ifland  in  the  Karflcoi  fea,  about 
70  miles  in  circumference.  20  miks  from 
the  continent  of  Ruflia.  Long.  69.  14.  E. 
Lat.  73.40.  N. 

Bielokajnejkoi,  a  fortrefs  of  RufTia,  in  Si- 
beria, on  the  eaft  Iide  of  the  Irtifch.  12  miles 
SE.  Semipolatnoi. 

Bielopote,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Charkov.  84  miles  NNW.  C4iar- 
kov,  and555  SSE.  Peterfburg. 

Bielrchz,  a  town  of  Croatia.  11  miles 
SW.  Damianovitz. 

Bielovodjh,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Voroncz,  on  the  Derkul.  130 
miles  S.  Voronez,  and  710  SSE.  Peterfburg. 
Long.  39.  14.  E.  Lat.  49.20.  N. 

Bii-/oiv,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
ofVolhynia.     36  miles  E.  Lucko. 

Biclozd'/k,  a  town  of  Ruilia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Novgorod,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  lake 
Bielo.  64  miles  NE.  Vologda,  and  220 
ENE.  Novgorod.  Long.  38. 14-  E.  Lat. 
S<)-!;2.  N. 

Bielfa,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragou.  18 
Oiilcs  from  Ainlii. 


B  I  E 

Ij'ieljk,  or  Bielcz,  a  town  of  PrinTian  Po- 
land, capital  oF  the  palatinate  of  Podla- 
chia,  called  alfo  the  palatinate  of  Bielilc,  on 
the  river  Bicla.     io8  miles  ENE.  VVarfaw. 

Z,W^.  2.1.  15,  E,    Z.^/Z.   C2.  40.  N. 

Bielfk,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Pioczko.     10  miles  NE.  Ploczko. 

Bieltsch,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Chrudim.     j6  miles  N.  Chrudim. 

Bii'ltsckitz.,  X  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Prachim.     15  miles  N.  Strakonitz. 

B}cns7ibuttel,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Lunenburg.  10  miles  SSE. 
Lunenburg. 

Biemie,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Sambre,  near  Thuin. 

B'temie,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Rhine,  heretofore  capi- 
tal of  a  fmall  republic,  in  the  bilhopric  of 
Bale,  h'tuated  on  the  river  Scheufs,  or  Suze, 
near  a  large  lake,  to  which  it  gives  name,  on 
an  eminence,  at  the  foot  of  mount  Jura;  the 
Germans  call  it  B'lel.  The  country  about 
it  is  pleafant,  and  commodious  for  fupplying 
the  indufhnous  inhabitants  with  all  their 
wants.  The  number  of  inhabitants  of  this 
fmall  republic,  confifting  of  the  town  and 
four  fmall  villages,  is  5500.  The  bifliop  had 
no  fpiritual  jurisdiftion  here  ;  but  he  named 
one  of  their  fenators  for  mayor,  who  pre- 
lided  in  his  name,  in  the  council,  in  criminal 
cafes  ;  and  the  billiop  fv/ore  to  maintain 
their  privileges,  when  they  fwore  fealty  to 
him.  He  had  part  of  the  fines,  tithes,  and 
other  revenues ;  but  the  cuftoms  belonged  to 
the  city,  who  were  to  furniflr  him  with  a  num- 
ber of  foldiers,  in  time  of  war,  at  their  own 
charge;  but  to  march  no  farther  than  fo  as 
they  may  return  at  night,  unlefs  he  paid 
them.  The  citizens  are  governed  by  two 
councils,  the  greater  confifting  of  30,  the 
lefTer  of  24,  chofen  out  of  the  fix  trading 
companies.  The  burgomafter,  chofen  by 
both,  prefided  in  matters  of  the  repubhc, 
when  the  mayor,  &c.  who  held  of  the  bi- 
Ihop,  muft  withdraw.  The  inhabitants  are 
Calvinifts,  and  the  moff:  connnon  language 
is  German.  The  lake  is  to  the  north-eaft  of 
that  of  Neufchatel,  with  which  it  runs  almofl: 
parallel  from  north-eaft  to  fbuth-weft,  arvd 
they  communicate  by  the  Tiel  canal,  which 
feparatcs  the  country  of  Neufchacel  from  the 
canton  of  Berne.  15  miles  NW.  Berne. 
Long.  7.  E.  Lat.  47.  6.  N. 

Bie/itina,  a  town  of  Etruria,  on  the  fide  of 
a  lake,  called  the  Lake  of  Bicntlna,  or  Lake 
of  Sejfo;  the  lake  is  about  6  miles  long,  and 
5  wide.  12  miks  E.  Pifa,  28  W.  Florence. 

Bieque,  or  Bicke,  or  Boriquen,  or  Crah's 
J/la?id,  fee  Bieke. 

Bienio^  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Abo.     30  miles  SE.  Abo. 

Bleron,  fee  Berini, 

Biertra,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Anger- 

Ti 


B  I  G 

mannland,  on  the  river  Angermann.    aa  m. 
N.  Hernofand. 

Bicr-ulict,  a  town  of  Flanders,  on  the  weft 
fide  of  the  Scheldt  ;  which  has  been  much 
reduced  by  frequent  inundations :  the  forti- 
fications have  been  deitroycd.  \Villiam  Beu- 
kelfzoon,  who  taught  the  Dutch  the  art  of 
curing  herrings,  was  born  and  died  in  this 
town.     20  miles  N.  Ghent,  12  ENE.Sluys. 

Biejbos,  a  large  lake  in  the  Merwe,  be- 
tween Dort  and  Gertrudenburg,  formed  by 
the  burfting  of  the  banks  or  dikes :  fee  Dort. 
_  Bie/e,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rifes 
eight  miles  fbuth-weft  from  Stendal,  in  the 
the  Old  Mark  of  Brandenburg,  and  running 
to  Scehaufen,  changes  its  name  to  ylla?id. 

Biefe?itkal,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  20  milts 
NE.  Berlin.  Zii/?^.  13.40. E.Z^^.  52.47. N. 

Biefwes,  a  place  of  France,  where  is  a 
pafs  acrofs  the  river  Aifhe,  from  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meufe  to  the  department  of  the 
M-arne.  Here  General  Dillon  formed  a  camp 
in  September  1792,  to  ftop  the  progrefs  of 
the  combined  armies  of  Auftria  and  I?rufna. 
3  m.  St.  Menehould,  12  Grandpre. 

Bietighe'wi,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Swabia,  and  dutchy  of  Wurtem- 
berg,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Metterbach  and 
the  Ens.  10  miles  N.  Stuttgart,  30  SSE. 
Heidelberg. 

Bievre,  a  river  of  France,  wbich  rifes  a 
little  to  the  fouth  of  Verfiiilles,  and  paflmg 
towards  Paris,  changes  its  name  tc  Gohdinsy 
on  account  of  its  water  being  ufed  in  that 
manura(5ture,  and  foon  after  joins  the  Seine, 

Bieurta,  or  Gat:quel,  a  town  of  Africa, 
in  the  kingdom  of  Hoval,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Senegal.    Lov.g.  16. 10.  W.  Lat.  16.  N. 

Bieurj,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Morbihan.  6  miles  SSW.Pontivy. 

Biezonv,  fee  Bidfcho^v. 

Biferno,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  Adriatic,  not  far  from  TermOH. 

Big  Eddy,  a  river  of  Iventucky,  which 
runs  into  the  Cumberland,  Long.  88. 36.  W. 
Za/.  36.  35.N. 

Big  Tallafcs,  Indian  villages  in  Weft  Flo- 
rida, on  the  Oakfulkee.  Long.  86.  20.  W. 
Lat.  32.  34.  N. 

Biga,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
province  of  Natalia.     16  miles  S.  Artaki. 

Blga,  a  river  of  North-Wales,  which 
joins  the  Severn,  in  the  county  of  Mont- 
gomery. 

Biga,  one  of  the  fmall  Shetland  Iflands, 
between  Mainland  ana  Yell.  Lo? g.  i.  30. 
W.  Laf.  60.  47.  N. 

Bigak,  a  town  vi  Bengal.  42  m'lcs 
NNW.  Ramgur.  La.g.  85!  24.  £•  L.it. 
24-  18.  N. 

Bigan^  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Lu5on.  Lgng.  i»a.  40.  li.  L.it-, 
Id.  50.  N. 


B  t  (i 

BIgarellz,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mincio.     7  m.  ENE.  Mantua. 

Bighorn  Creek,  a  river  of  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio,  Zi?«^.  85.  5.  W.  Lut. 

'Btghiin  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  Enghfli  ciian- 
nel,  on  the  coall  of  Devonfliire,  between 
Boit  Tail  and  Stoke  Point. 

Biggar,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Lanerk- 
{hire,'with  about  1 200  inhabitants,  z 7  miles 
SSW.  Edinburgh. 

Biggc,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  runs 
miles  N.  Allendorn, 


B  1  L 

fouth  of  Armagnac.  The  air  is  cold  on  the 
mountains,  but  mild  in  the  plains.  It  pro- 
duces a  great  deal  of  wood,  excellent  wine, 
rye,  barley,  and  millet,  but  little  wheat.  It 
has  rich  paftures,  quarries  of  marble,  and 
medicinal  fprings.    Tarbes  was  the  capital. 

Bigubci,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  capital  of  a 
kingdom  of  the  fame  name,  fituated  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  Rio  Grande.  Long.  13.  32. 
W.  Lat.  II.  iz.  N. 

B'/hacs,  or  Bihaiz,  or  Bih'itz,  or  Wihatzy 
a  town  of  Croatia,  fituated  on  the  river  Unna, 
belonging  to  the  Turks;  it  was  befieged  by 
the  Imperialifts   in   1697,  without  fucccfs. 


into  the  Lenne,    3   miles  N.  Allendorn,   in 
the  dutchv  of  Weftphalia. 

BizgkPwade,  a  town  of  England,  m  the  60  miles  S.  Carlftadt,  180  W.  Belgrade, 

county  of  Bedford,  fituated   on  one  of  the  Bihri,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  country  of 

roads  from  London  to  York.     Here  is  a  Lariftan.     30  miles  NW.  Lar. 

market  on  Wednefday,  which  is  one  of  the  Bija,  a  river  of  Ruffia,  which  ilTues  from 

greatett  in  England  for  barley,  peafc,  and  lake  Teletflcoi,  in  the  government  of  Koli- 

horfe-corn,  pitched  in  the  market  for  fale.  van,   and  joining  the    Katunia  at  Katanf- 

Here  alfo  is  an  incondderable  manufii-ftory  kaia,  takes  the  name  of  Oby._ 

of  white  thread-lace  and  edgings ;    which  Bijore,   a  city   of  India,   in  the   Sewad 

are  made  in  fome  parts  of  this  county  in  country,  on  a  river  of  the  fame  name.     106 

large  quantities.     In  1801,  the  number  of  miles  SE.  Cabul,  215  N.Moultan.  Long.-jo 


inhabitants  was  1650.  A  navigable  river 
comes  to  this  place,  but  no  farther,  called 
thelvell;  it  joins  the  Bedford  river,  called 
the  Oule,  at  Temps-Ford,  and  thence  runs 


44.  E.  Lat.  34.  ID.  N. 

Bijore,  a  river  of  India,  which  runs  into 
the  Ponjekoreh.     20  miles  S.  Bijore. 

Bi/Jk,  a  town  of  Ruilia,  in  the  government 


to  Lynn-Regis.  It  ierves  principally  to  bring  of  KoUvan,  on  the  Oby.     150  miles  SSE 

up   coals,   timber,  oats,  and  merchandize,  Kolivan.    Lw/g".  84.  14- E-  /.«/.  53.  51.  N. 
from  Lynn,  to  fupply  this  and  the  neigh-        Bijiicoy,  a  fmall  ifland  in  thefea  of  Min- 

bouring  towns  and  villages,  which  it  does  doro.    Long.  120.  59.  E.  Lat.  10.  55.  N. 
with  great  convenience,  being  fo  iituated  in        Btjudico,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile, 

the  centre,  as  to  check  and  receive  checks  faid  to  have  been  a  feat  of  juftice  for  the 


from  the  neighbouring  towns.  Here  was  a 
terrible  fire  on  June  i6th,  1785,  which 
raged  with  aftonilhing  fury,  and  in  a  few 
hours  laid  about  150  dwelling-houfes  in  aflies, 
beddes  feveral  malt-houfes,  corn-chambers, 
&c.  all  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  around 
the  market-place.  The  lofs  was  eflimated 
at  24,oool.  On  the  25th  ol  February,  1792, 
a  fmart  ihock  of  an  earthquake  was  felt  at 
this  place,  about  half  pall  eight  in  the  morn- 
ing, which  threw  down  fome  old  houfes, 
but  liappily  no  lives  were  loft;  it  Lifted  feve- 
ral fec(jnds,  and  confiderably  alarmed  the 
inhabitants.  The  Ihock  was  felt  north- 
ward of   Donciiler,  and  extended  towai^s    of  Braclaw.     50  miles  N.  Braclaw 


earldom  of  Caftile.  6  miles  N.  Medina  del 
Pomar. 

Blkand,  a  town  of  Great  Bukharia.  20 
SW.  Bukharia. 

Bikccr,  fee  Abukir. 

Bikhidakova,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Upha,  on  the  river  Ik.  80  m. 
NE.  Orenburg. 

BikilLv)}!,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Red  Sea, 
24  miles  from  the  coaft  of  Arabia.  Lat. 
j6.  18.  N. 

Bikknr,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  the  cir- 
car  of  Gohud.     10  miles  W.  Banderc. 

Bikni,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 


the  lea  coalt  of  Lincolnfliire  and  Yorklhire. 
a4  miles  N.  Hertford,  and  45  N.  London. 
Long.  o.  15.  W.  Lat.  52.  6.  N. 

Bigini,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of 
Mazara.    10  miles  E.  Mazara. 

Bigtoy  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pttla- 
tinate  of  VVilna.    40  m.  ENE.  VVilkomicrz. 

Biggan,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
mant  of  the  Morbihan.     9  m.  SW.  JoU'elin. 

Jiigonca,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  Orill'a. 
lo  miles  SW.  Balafore. 


Bila,  a  river  of  Bohemia,  which  runs  into 
the  Moldaw,  near  Auffig. 

Bila,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of 
Leitmeritz.     10  m.  WSW.  Kamnitz. 

Bilan,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of 
Chrudim.     5  miles  W.  Chrudini. 

Bilan,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of 
Kaurzim.     7  miles  NNW.  Kaurzim. 

Bilavola,  a  town   of  Ceylon.    25  miles 
SW.  Candv. 


Bilbao,  or  Fihao,  a  feaport  town  of  Spain, 

/^/^'■jrw,  a  townof  Corfica.  7  m.S.Baftia.    in  the  province  ofBifcay,  on  the  river  Ybai- 

Bigorre,  a  country  of  France,  before  the     ^;ilial,    in    a   plain   furroundcd    with    high 

revolution,  about  200  miles  fquarc,   in  the     mountains.     It   contains  about  800  houfes, 

govcrnraeat  of  Guyennc,  Iituated  at  the    part  of  which  are  built  on  piles ;  the  harbour 


E  I  L 

is  good,  and  well  frequented.  The  air  is 
healthy,  the  inhabitants  are  ftrong,  robuft, 
long-lived,  and  little  acquainted  with  dii- 
eai'es  or  Ibrrow.  It  is  well  fupplicd  with 
■water  and  providons,  fiOi  very  abundant;  and 
the  environs  are  fertile  in  legumes  and  fruits. 
It  contains  five  parities,  and  twelve  religious 
houfes.  Among  the  laws  peculiar  to  the 
town,  is  one  againft  ingratitude;  its  com- 
merce principally  confifts  in  wool  and  iron. 
In  179,^,  it  was  taken  by  the  French.  Long. 
3.  10.  W.     Lat.  43.  30.  N. 

Bilcas  Gnaman,  or  Cuavum,  a  town  of 
Peru,  and  capital  of  a  jurifdiclion  in  the  bi- 
fliopric  of  Guamanga.  40  miles  ESE.  Gua- 
manga.     Long.  73.  40.  W.  Lat.  13.  S. 

Bilcas,  a  river  of  Peru,  which  runs  into 
the  Apurimac,  80  miles  ENE.  Guamanga. 

Bilderivertjfchen,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  the 
Lithuanian  province.  4  miles  WNW.  Stal- 
Juponen. 

Bildeston,  fee  Bllffon. 
Bildhaujen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Wurzburg.     4  miles  ENE. 
Munerftadt. 

BHdlht  a  town  of  Perfia,  In  the  province 
of  Schirvan.     40  miles  ESE.  Scamachie. 

Blledgik,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.  This  town  was  furprifed  and  taken 
tyOthmanin  1298.  32m.NW.  Ell<i-Shchr. 
BiL'dulgerid,  a  country  of  Africa,  lying 
fouth  of  Tunis  and  Algiers,  fuppofed  to  be 
about  180  miles  fquare.  According  to  fome, 
and  the  general  opinion,  it  received  its  name 
from  the  Arabic  words  Biled  el  gerid,  hgnl- 
fying  the  land  of  dates;  becaufe  it  abounds 
with  that  kind  of  fruit  more  than  any  otlier 
country  of  Africa,  infomuch  that  it  can  fur- 
nifh  the  neighbouring  kingdoms"  with  it  in 
exchange  for  wheat,  which  here  grows 
fcarce.  But  Dr.  Shaw  fays,  the  name  feems 
ratlier  borrowed  from  the  Blaid-al-Jeridde 
of  the  Arabians,  who  thereby  lignify  the  dry 
country.  Numldia  is  the  name  by  which  it 
was  known  to  the  Greeks  and  Romans.  The 
whole  country  is  very  mountainous,  fandy, 
and  barren,  producing  little  or  no  fuftenance, 
fome  parts  of  it  being  quite  covered  with 
iarge  thick  woods  of  palm-trees,  from  which 
dates  are  gathered.  The  climate  is  hot  and 
unhealthy ;  the  people  lean,  and  of  a  fwarthy 
•and  fhrivclled  complexion,  their  eyes  being 
very  much  hurt  by  the  eaft  winds,  which 
drive  the  hot  fand  into  them,  and  are  fome- 
timesfo  violent  as  to  bury  whole  hordes  of 
them  under  it :  Another  inconvenience  they 
are  liable  to,  and  for  which  we  cannot  affign 
the  reufon,  is,  their  teeth  often  drop  out  of 
their  heads,  even  in  youth :  Otherwife  they 
are  he;ilthy  and  vigorous,  and  many  of  them 
live  to  a  great  age.  The  plague  (fo  frequent 
in  B  Tbary)  is  fcarely  ever  heard  of  here.  As 
to  their  charader,  they  are  reprefcnted  as 
^ev.'d,  treacherous,  thievilh,  and  cruel.  They 


B  I  L 

are  a  mixture  of  the  ancient  Africans  and 
wild  Arabs;  the  former  living  in  fome  kind 
of  cities,  towns,  or  villages ;  the  latter  in 
tents,  and  ranging  from  place  to  place  for 
food  and  plunder.  The  country  has  few 
rivers  or  towns.  ThcArabs  think  themfelvcs 
the  noble  race,  and,  beifig  independent, 
fometimcsfor  pav  ferve  neighbouring  princes 
in  war ;  tlic  rcil:  follow  either  the  plundering 
or  the  hunting  trade,  which  laft  is  one  of 
their  nobleft  diverlions,  efpecially  that  of 
oltriches;  they  eat  the  flefh,  and  barter 
the_  feathers  for  corn,  pulfe,  or  other  things 
which  they  want.  Their  common  food,  be- 
tides dates,  is  the  f^eOi  of  oltriches,  goats, 
and  camels;  their  drink  is  either  the  thin 
liquor  or  broth  in  which  fuch  Helh  is  boiled, 
or  the  milk  of  their  camels;  for  they  feldom 
drink  any  water,  the  little  they  have  of  it 
being  neither  wholfome  nor  pleafant,  and  in 
moft  parts  they  labour  under  the  want  of  that. 

BHcftld,  fee  Bidfdd. 

Bilcgur,  a  town  of  Bengal.  23  miles  SSE. 
Burdwan,   Long. %Z.  10.^.  Lat.  22.^2. N. 

Bilghcy,  a  town  of  Hinddolfan,  in  the 
Myfbre  country.  58  miles  WSW.  Harpo- 
nelly,  and  zs  NNW.  Bednore.  Lo7ig.  74. 
3Z.  E.     Lat.  14.  17.  N. 

BilgHly,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Vifia- 
pour.     15  miles  SW.  Galgala. 

Bilcfur,-A  town  ofHindooftan,  in  Vifia^ 
pour.     15  miles  NW.Sattaiah. 

Bilfer-Jhanfi'/!,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Wurzburg.  4  m.  N.  Arnftein. 

Bilgorai,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Galicia. 
30  miles  SSW.  Zamofch. 
_  Btlguvi,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  ofCicacole.     25  miles  NW.  Cicacole. 

Biliapat_a7n,  a  town  ofHindooftan,  taken 
by  the  Britiih  in  1 790.    5  miles  N.  Cananore. 

Bilia^^dc,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Lenczicz.     25  miles  E.Eenczicz. 

Bilich,  a  town  of  Ruifia,  in  Siberia.  8  miles 
SE.  Vercholenik. 

Biligcvn,  or  Filigam,  a  feaport  of  the 
ifland  of  Ceylon,  fituated  in  a  bay  on  the 
fouth  coaft.  Here  is  a  celebrated  pagoda. 
Long.  80.  32.  E.     Lat.  6,  N. 

Bilihan,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.     100  miles  SSW.  Hamadan. 

Bilikonvka,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Kiev.     50  miles  W.  Kiev. 

Bilin,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of 
Leitmeritz.  14  miles  W.  Leitraeritz.  Long^ 
13.  48.  E.     i-^/.  50.  32.N. 

BU'uia,  or  dVIoJla,  a  river  of  Bohemia, 
which  runs  into  the  Elbe  near  Auflig. 

Bilitot,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Ceylon,  on 
the  Ibuth-welf  coaff.     aj  miles  S.  Calitoor. 

Bilitz,  a  town  of  Silelia,  and  capital  of  a 
fmall  principality,  fituated  on  the  borders  of 
Poland,  fiom  which  it  is  fcparated  by  the 
river  Biala,  northrcaft  of  the  principality  of 
Tcichen.    This  principality  was  creiited  by 


!  L 


B  I  L 


the.  Emperor  Francis  Stephen  w  zTjii,  and, 
beiides  the  town,  contains  feveraJ  villages. 
15  miles  ENE.  Tefchen.  Long.  18.  59.  E. 
Zi^i.  49.  48.  N. 

Bi/I,  a  river  which  pafles  by  the  city  of 
Hamburg  to  the  Elbe. 

Billaigur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Ruttunpour.  40  miles  SE.  Rut- 
tunpaur. 

Bill  Birds  Key,  a  fmall  idand  in  the  Spa- 
niili  main,  en  the  Mofquito  fliore.  Lo7ig. 
8z.  «:4.  W    Lat.  iz.  16.  N. 

BilLmcourt,  a  town  of  France.  4  miles 
SW.  Paris. 

Billapoury  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     65  miles  NW.  Pconah. 

Billarcee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude, 
on  the  left  banV  of  the  Dewah.  14  miles 
SSW.  Bahraitch. 

Billau,  a  river  of  Silefia,  which  runs  into 
the  Ncifle,  near  the  town  of  NeiiTe. 

Bilk',  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ilk  and  Vilaine,  and  dikrid  of 
Fougcre?.     3  m.  S.  Fougeres,  9  N.  Vitre. 

Biileka,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
rate  of  Lembcrg.     10  miles  E.  Lemberg. 

Billcricay,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Eflex,  fituated  on  an  eminence, 
with  a  arge  weekly  corn  market  4n  Thurf- 
days.  The  infurgents  were  defeated  by  the 
tioops  of  Richard  H.  near  this  town.  9  m. 
S.  Chelmsfc  rd.     24  E.  London. 

Bilkrbeecky  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifhopric  of  Munfter.    5  m.  NNE.  Coesfeld. 

Billejllon,  a  town  of  England,  in  Leicef- 
ter/liire,  with  about  580  inhabitants.  This 
town  is  remarkable  for  being  the  place  where 
George  Villars,  aherwards  duke  of  Bucking- 
ham, and  George  Fox  the  Quaker,  received 
their  education.  8  miles  E.  Leicefter,  and 
96  NNW.  London. 

Blgilly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Villa- 
pour.     15  miles  SW.  Galgala. 

Bslliat,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment o!  the  Ain.     ^  miles  NE.  Nantua. 

BUiighcim,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
parment  of  Mount  Tonnere.  4  miles  S. 
Landau,  and  16  SW.  Spire. 

BUligratz,  a  town  of  Carniola.  12  miles 
IN.  Laubach. 

BiUiinhing-Btty,  a  bay  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Sumatra.     /,<?/.x.  104.30.E.  Zr/Z.^.jo.S. 

BilHngcn^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Forclls.     20  miles  E.  Spa. 

B'dlingskcuiffn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  iinacipaliiy  of  Wertheim.  12  miles  NE. 
XWrt.neim. 

Biilingjpoi/,  a  place  on  the  river  Delaware, 
in  the  Rate  oi'  Pennl"  tvania,  which,  during 
the  war,  was  fortifie  lor  the  defence  of  the 
river,  and  chcvauxde  f.  izes  of  timber,  headed 
with  iron  fpikis,  fu.ik  to  prevent  the  Britifli 
vdleh  fro,n  palling.  12  miles  below  Phi- 
ladelphia. 


Billiton,  a  ifland  in  the  Eaftern-Indian 
fea,  of  a  circular  form,  about  forty  miles  in 
diameter.     Long.  108.  E.     Lat.  3.  S. 

Billom,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftri(ft,  in  the  department  of  the 
Puy  de  Dome.     36  miles  SW.  Roanne,  and 

12  ESE.  Clermont.     Long.  3.  25.  E.   Lat. 
45.  43-  N. 

Billo7igtee,2,  town  of  Hindooftan,  inBahar. 

13  miles  NW.  Arrah. 

Bills.,  a  rock  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  weft: 
coaft  of  Ireland.  6  miles  NW.  from  the 
iftand  of  Clare,  and  6  SSE.  Achil-Head, 
Long.  10.  J.  W.     Lat.  sy  52.  N. 

Billy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  theAllier.  6m.N.  Cuffet,  izNE.Gannat. 

Billy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  Calvados.     6  miles  SE.  Caen. 

Bilmah,  a  defert  country  of  Africa,  be- 
tween Bornou  and  Fezzan,  which  caravar^s 
are  ten  days  crolTing. 

Biloi  Tar,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Simbirflc,  on  the  eaft  (ide  of  i;he 
Volga.     16  miles  SE.  Sirnbivlk. 

Billoiws,  fee  Wagjtadt. 

Bilfah,  a  circar  of  Hindooftan,  in  MaKva, 
fituated  to  the  north-eaft  of  Bopal,  and  weft 
of  Gurry-Mundlah,  almoft  in  the  centre  of 
Hindooftan.  Bilfah  is  celebrated  for  produ- 
cing moft  excellent  tobacco.  The  chief 
towns  are  Bilfih,  Andea,  and  Raifeen. 

Bilfah,  a  city  of  Hindooftan,  and  capital 
of  a  circar  in  theMalwa  country.  14  m.  E. 
Oudein,  308  S.  Delhi.  Long.  77.  SZ-  £• 
Lat.  23.  30.  N. 

Bilfcn,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dcpart- 
meut  of  the  Lower  Mcufe,  on  the  Demer, 
which,  though  it  had  the  privileges  of  a  city, 
is  not  of  much  conlideration.  14  miles  N. 
Liege.     Zow^-.j.  33.  E.  jL^/.jo.  51- N._ 

Biljkoi,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the  Bilaia. 
90  miles  NW.Irkutfk. 

Biljhin,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  the  Lower  Rhine,  and  capital  of  a  baili- 
wick, in  the  dutchy  of  Weftphalia,  fituated 
on  a  mountain.  19  miles  SSE.  Arenftjerg, 
42  E.  Cologn.     Lo?rg.  8.  8.  E.    Lat,  51.  N. 

Biljlr.n,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county      j 
of  Stafford,  htuated  near  a  navigable  canal,     J 
which  communicates  with  the  Staffordfnire 
and  Worcefterfhire  canals,  and  rivers  Mer- 
fey.   Dee,  Oufe,  Trent,    Severn,  Thames, 
Avon,  &c.     Near  it  are  large  mines  of  coaJ, 
ironftone,  &c.     Here  are  erei51ed  furiiaces 
forfmeltingiron-ore,forges,and flitting  mills. 
In  1801,  the  number  ofinhabitants  was  6914,. 
of  whom  2414  were  employed  in  trade  and 
manufaiitures.     TJie  prmcipal  manufadures 
are  japanned  and  enamelled  goods,  and  buc- 
kle-chapes.    II    miles  NW.  Birmingham, 
and  121  NW.  London. 

Biljion,  ox  BilderJlo7i,  a  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Suffolk.  11  miles  NE.  Sud» 
bury,  and  67  NNE.  London. 


B  I  N 

Bilten,  ti.to'wn  of  Swifferland,  in  the  canton 
of  Glarus.     lo  miles  NNW.  Glarus. 

Bilthoely  a  fmall  iflaad  in  the  North  Sea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Slefwick.  Long.  8.  5a.  E. 
Lat.  54.  iz.  N. 

Bilur,  a  bay  in  the  Red  Sea,  on  the  coaft 
of  AbylTinia.    Lat.  13.  3.  N. 

Bima,  a  town  on  the  north  coafl  of  the 
iflandof  Cumbava.  i^cwj-.  118.51.  E.  Lat. 
8.  24.  S. 

Biniher  KooJJiaub,  a  town  of  Hindooftan, 
in  Lahore.     30  miles  SW.  Gujurat. 

Bhiibia,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  4.  5.  N. 

Bi?n^yZ  fortof  Hindooftan,  in  the  territory 
of  Nagorcote,  built  by  a  prince  of  the  fame 
name,  on  the  top  of  a  fteep  mountain,  where 
the  Hindoos  formeriy  depofited  the  wealth 
confecrated  to  their  idols,  in  all  the  neigh- 
bouring kingdoms.  This  place,  with  all  its 
treafures,  was  in  1008  taken  by  Mamood  I. 
king  of  Ghizni.  Among  the  riches  were 
found  700,000  golden  dinarz,  700  maunds  of 
gold  and  iilver  plate,  40  maunds  of  pure 
gold  in  ingots,  2000  maunds  of  filver  bullion, 
and  20  maunds  of  jewels  fet.  The  maund  in 
India,  according  to  Mr.  Dow,  is  equal  to  37 
lbs.  avoirdupois ;  but  this  makes  the  riches  fo 
extraordinary,  that  we  think  there  muft  be 
fome  miftake. 

Bij?iern,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  province 
of  Ermeland.     12  miles  W.  Heilfperg. 

Bi?/ihu,  one  of  the  Bahama  Iflands,  on  the 
weft  fide  of  the  Great  Bahama  Bank,  near 
the  gulf  of  Florida.  It  meafures  about  20 
miles  in  circumference,  and  has  a  good  har- 
bour.    Zc;;^.  79.  34.  W.     Z^^.  25.  N. 

Bhnlcpatam,  a  feaport  town  of  Hindoo- 
ftan, in  the  circar  of  Cicacole,  which  the 
Dutch  hold  in  farm.  The  country  people 
manufacfturecoarfe  cloth,  chiefly  for  Batavia. 
OfFfhore  are  fome  rocks,  which  appear  above 
water;  but  a  fhip  may  pais  lafely  between 
them  and  the  land.  12  miles  SE.  Viziana- 
gram,  and  3^  SSW.  Cicacole.  Long.  83. 
35.  W.    /,«/.  17.55- N. 

B'uunauti  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guze- 
rat.     5  miles  W.  Cambay. 

Bbnped,  a  town  of  Napaul.  15  miles  S. 
Batgao. 

Bivifing,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cicacole.     12  ra,  S.  Vizianagram. 

Bivmkvilfa,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cicacole      12  m.  S.  Vizianagram. 

Bina,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  the  Upper  Po,  on  the  Oglio.  10  miles 
NE.  Cremona. 

Binagonak,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Lugon.  Long.  x%%.  18.  E. 
Lat.  14.  51.  N.  ; ' 

Binalbagan,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Ncgros.  Long.  122.  52.  E. 
Lat.  10.  42.  N. 

Biiiaros,  or  Finaros,  a  towa  of  Spain,  in 


B  T  N 

Valencia,  on  the  confines  of  Catalonia,  near 
the  coaft  of  the  Mediterranean,  at  the  moujth 
of  a  river  which  forms  a  fmall  harbour,  with 
anchorage  at  about  cannon  fliot  from  the 
town,  in  from  fix  to  nine  fathoms.  It  is  fiir- 
rounded  with  walls,  and  defended  by  fome 
cannon.     5  m.  N.  Peniicola,  20  S.  Tortofa. 

Binbachy  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Wurzburg.  3  m.  ESE.  Arnftein. 

Binafco,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Olona.  This  town  was  taken 
by  the  French,  in  the  month  of  April  1796. 
The  tocfin  was  founded, and  about  800  armed 
peafants  threw  themfelves  into  the  town; 
100  of  them  were  killed,  and  the  reft  dif- 
perfed.  The  town  was  afterwards  fet  on  fire. 
10  miles  S.  Milan. 

Binbrook,z  town  of  England,  in  thp  county 
of  Lincoln,  with  lefs  than  500  inhabitants. 
22  miles  NE.  Lincoln,  and  159  N.  London, 
Long.  I.  12.  W.     Lat.  r^.  25. N. 

Binche,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
mentof  Jemappe,  fituated  in  a  fertile  country, 
on  the  river  Haifne.  This  town  was  burned 
by  Henry  II.  king  of  France,  in  1554,  but 
foon  after  rebuilt.  In  the  year  1578,  it  was 
taken  bv  John  duke  of  Auilria ;  but  the 
Duke  of  Alen^on,  profiting  by  the  death  of 
Don  John,  befieged  it  the  fame  year,  and 
took  it  by  afTault.  The  French  put  to  ths 
fword  all  that  w^re  found  in  arms,  and  pil- 
laged the  town  and  churches;  the  Spaniards 
retook  it,  and  ceded  it  to  France,  at  the  peace 
of  Aix-!a-Chapelle;  but  by  the  peace  of 
Nimmegen  it  was  reftored  to  Spain,  with  its 
jurlfdiftion,  which  includes  fifty-one  towns  . 
and  villages.     8  miles  ESE.  Mons. 

Bincbejlcr,,  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Durham :  near  it  are  the  ruins 
and  veftiges  of  a  large  town,  anciently 
cidled  Binovhnn,  or  P'inovium.  Here  Arthur 
is  faid  to  have  defeated  the  Saxons. 

Binde,  a  town  of  Hindooll:an,  in  the  circar 
of  Gohud.  18  miles  NE.  Gohud,  and  50 
SSE.Agra.  Long. -^S. 46. E.  Z^/.  26.23. N. 

Bindetlc  Vifegna,  a  town  of  Italy.  10  m. 
V/.  Legnano. 

Bindi,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  circar 
of  Cicacole.     25  miles  E.  Kimedy. 

Bindkee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude, 
16  miles  E.  Corah. 

Bineaga,or Leaga,7i\\7ir\)Our  on  the  fouth- 
weil  coalt  of  Sumatra.  Here  the  chief  mate 
of  the  Orange-Tree  (loop.  Captain  Duggin, 
was  ilabbed  by  an  Acheeneer.  Four  or  iwc 
afTafiins  intended  to  have  murdered  the  cap- 
tain, and  feize  the  vefTel,  but  were  overpow- 
ered ;  two  were  killed;  the  reft  jumped  over- 
board and  efcaped.  14  miles  E.  from  the 
mouth  of  Sinkel  river. 

Bhietia,-A.  town  of  Naples,  in  the  country 
of  Bari.     4  miles  WSW.  Bidetto. 

BiJifi'ld,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Wurzburg.    3  m.  NW.  Hasfurt. 


BIN 

Biiigazt,  a  fcaport  town  of  Africa,  for- 
merly''a  large  and  beautiful  city,  and  tlie 
capital  of  Barca;  but  now  a  mean  place,  with 
a  harbotxr,  only  fit  for  veflels  of  200  tons 
burden.     I^ong.  20.  E.     Lat.  zt-  20.  N. 

Binge,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment ef  the  Cote  d'Or,  and  diflrid  of  Dijon. 
10  miles  E.  Dijon. 

Bingdjlctn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifhopric  of  Paderburn.'   3  miles  S.  Buren. 

Bingcn,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Mount  Tonnerre,  fituated  at  the 
conflux  oftheNidie  and  the  Rhine.  The 
fortifications  were  dcllroyed  by  Louis  XIV. 
in  1689.  Bingen  was  taken  by  the  French 
in  the  year  1 792,  and  retaken  by  the  Pruilians 
the  following  year.  It  was  again  taken  by 
the  French  in  the  month  of  Odober  1794; 
they  were  driven  from  it  in  tiie  year  1795  ; 
and  re-entered  it  in  the  month  of  June  1796. 
The  Rhine  is  here  comprefTed  into  a  narrow 
channel,  barely  admitting  a  practicable  paf- 
luge  between  rocks  on  either  fide.  This  flrait 
is  called  Bhigenloch.  Near  Bingen  is  an 
iiland  on  the  Rhine,  called  Maujiknrn,  or 
Tonver  of  Rats;  from  a  tradition,  that  an 
archbifhop  of  Mentz  was  devoured  there  by 
thcfe  animals  in  the  tenth  century,  as  a  judg- 
ment on  him  for  his  cruelty  to  the  poor, 
whom  he  compared  to  rats  eating  up  the 
fubflance  of  the  rich.  19  miles  W.  Mentz, 
30  S.  Coblentz,  and  54  E.  Treves.  Long. 
7.  48.  E.     Z.«/.  49.55.  N. 

Binge7ikehn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  the  Upper  Rhine,  and  principality 
of  HefTe.  '  12  miles  SSE.  Gieflen,  and  i^ 
NNE.  Franckfort  on  the  Mayne. 

^/«P"/'(rw/,  a  town  of  England,  in  thecounty 
of  Nottingham,  with  a  weekly  market  on 
Thurfdays,  and  loBz  inhabitants.  9  miles 
E.Nottingham,  and  12a  N.London.  Long. 
o.  57.  W.     Lat.  52.  57.  N. 

Bing-ghcul,{\.t.  Thoufand  Fountains,')  a 
townol  Turkifli  Armenia.  3cm.  SSW.Kars. 

Blnghy,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  Wefl 
Riding  of  Yorkihire,  on  the  Are,  with  a  mar- 
ket on  Tuefday.  In  1 801,  the  number  of 
inhabitants  was  4100,  of  whom  692  were 
employed  in  trade  and  manufadures.  16 
miles  N.  Leeds,  and  208  N.  London. 

Biu'^uni,  a  town  of  Eull-Friefland.  i  mile 
NW.  brt. 

Binii'fzky,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Wilna.     44  miles  SE.  Wilna. 

Bh:h,  a  town  of  llindoolfan,  in  OrifTa. 
10  miles  NVV.  Sonepour. 

B'lrjiA  Point,  a  cape  on  the  S.  coaft  of  the 
Jilcof  Vught.  /..w7^^I.7.\V.  A//. 50. 31.  N. 

BirHi,  a  town  of  Afriea,  in  Bambara. 
Loug.  ■^.  30.  VV.     Lat.  T4.  I.  N. 

Bh:nlg:cct,  a  faiall  ill.md  near  the  well 
coalf  of  France,  about  three  miles  SW.  Le 
Conquet,  and  2  W.  St.  Matthew's  Point. 
\    Lc//^'-.  4.  4j.  W.     Z.n'.  48.  19.  N. 


\ 


B,-l  0 

Bhijhy  Motaitains,  a  range  of  mountains 
in  North-Carolina.  Lo?!g.  Zi.io.W.  Lat. 
36.  N. 

Bintan,  fee  Vintam. 

Bintang,  an  ifland  in  the  Eafhrlndian 
fea,  about  30  miles  long  and  10  broad,  near 
the  coafl  of  Malacca.  Bintang,  the  capital 
of  the  ifland,  was  taken  and  deftroyed  by 
the  Portuguefe  in  1527.  Long.  104.  30.  E. 
Lat.  I.  5.  N. 

Blnthigta,zio\\ri  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
ofKonkodoo.    36  miles  E.  Satadoo. 

Bintfchay,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
ofBoleflaw.     7  miles  NE.Turnau. 

Bhrj-yHead,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  on  the 
NW.  coaft  of  the  county  of  Mayo.  Lojig. 
9.  ^(^.  W.     Lat.  54.  20.  N. 

Blnz,  a  river  of  SwifTerland,  which  runs 
into  the  Aar,  3  miles  NE.  Arau. 

Bhizago,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mella.     20  miles  NNE.  Brefcia. 

Biobn,  a  river  of  South-America,  in  the 
country  of  Chili,  which  runs  into  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  Lat.  36.  50.  S. 

Bloglio,  fee  Blella. 

Biograd,  fee  7,ara  Vecchla. 

Bloklrk,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Suderman- 
land,     22  miles  NW.  Nykoping. 

Blolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Valtelin. 
6  miles  NE.  Morbegno. 

Bloncourt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meurte,  in  the  diflrid  of 
Chateau  Salins.  6  miles  WSW.  Chateau 
Salins,  and  9  NE.  Nancy. 

Bione,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mella.     134  m.  NNE.  Brefcia. 

Blorko,  one  of  the  Quarkern  iflands,  in 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia;  about  5  miles  in  circum- 
ference.    Lo?ig.  21.44.  E.  Lat.  63.  40.  N. 

Blorko,  a  Imall  ifland  in  the  north  part  of 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lo7jg.  22.  9.  E.  Lat. 
65.  48.  N. 

Blorko,  a  fmall  ifland,  in  the  Baltic,  near 
the  coaft  of  Sv/eden.  Lo7ig.  18.  46.  E.  Lat. 
59.  52.  N. 

Blorko,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Sweden,  in  Malar 
lake,  on  which  there  was  formerly  a  town. 
15  miles  W.  Stockholm. 

Blorko,  Slid,  a  fhiall  ifland  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  d^ong  20.5 1.  E. 
Lat.  62.44.  N. 

A'/Vwf/w^,  a  fetport  town  of  Sweden,  in 
the  province  of  Finland,  on  the  eafl  fide  of 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  fituated  on  a  lake.  65 
m.  N.  Abo.  Z.^;;^.  21.  32.  E.  Lat.  61.  30.  N. 

Blorn" s  Knude,  or  Blorn^s  Head,  a  cape 
of  Denmark,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  Jutland. 
Long.  10.  3.  E.  Lat.  55.  42.  N. 

Biornon,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  weft  fide 
of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.  19.  43'E. 
Lat.  6:,.  36.  N. 

Blornon,  a  Imall  ifland,  on  the  weft  fide 
of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.  1(1.  59.  E» 
jLrt/.  60.  54.N. 


B  I  R 


B  I  R 


Biortife,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Denmark,  near 
the  Ibuth  co.ift  oi'the  ifland  of  Funcn. 

Bior/kar,  a  fmall  ifland,  on  the  eafl:  fide 
.of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  L?//^.  22.  I.E.  Lat. 
63.  27.  N. 

B!ot,2,  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
oftheVar.     3  miles  N.Antibcs. 

Bioulle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot.  20  miles  S.  Cahors,  3  NE. 
Montauban. 

Bir,  lee  Beer. 

B'ir-H-Cadhi,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the 
province  of  Segellan.     80  m.  W.  Zareng. 

Bir-Dc-jedar^  a  town  ot'Egypt.  1 7  miles 
NE.  Tineh. 

Bir-el-Malha,  a  place  of  Nubia,  -where 
natron  is  found.  180  miles  SW.  Dongola. 
X^/.  18.N. 

Biram^A  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gers.     8  miles  WNW.  Auch. 

Birboovi,  a  province  of  Bengal,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Ghidore,  Cvi  ruckpour,  Hen- 
dooa,  Sultanabad,  and  Ilaujelhy ;  on  the 
eaft  by  Raujefhy,  Futtaiing,  and  Burdwan  ; 
on  the  fouth  by  Burdwan  and  Pachete ;  and 
on  the  welt  by  Pachete  and  Curruckdeah  ; 
about  8^  miles  lohg,  and  30  broad.  Nagore 
is  the  capital. 

Birbujcdy  fee  Blrv'ufca. 

Bircl-kBay.,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
North-America,  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia,  fo 
called  from  the  quantity  of  black  birch- 
trees  [found  grov^■ing  on  the  coall.  The 
fouth-eaft  part  of  this  bay  is  formed  by 
nearly  perpendicular  rocky  cliffs,  from 
whence  the  higher  woodland  country  retires 
a  confiderable  diftance  to  the  north-eafl- 
ward,  leaving  an  extenlive  fpace  of  low  land 
between  it  and  the  fea,  feparated  from  the 
high  ground  by  a  rivulet  of  frefh  water,  that 
dilcharges  itfelf  at  the  bottom  or  north  ex- 
tremity of  the  bay.  On  the  low  land  very 
luxuriant  grafs  was  produced,  with  wild 
rof'e,  gooleberry,  and  other  buAies  in  abun- 
dance.    L'j?2g.  2^-].  T,T,.Y..  Z/i-?/"- 48.53.  N. 

Birchec,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  m  Can- 
deifli.     10  miles  W.  Tolnam. 

Birchiiigio7i,  a  fmali  feaport  of  England, 
on  the  north  cualf  of  Kent,  a  member  of  the 
port  of  Dover.  WiUiam  III.  remained  here 
a  fhort  time,  waiting  for  wind  for  Holland. 
13  miles  E.  Canterbury.  Long.  i.  18.  E. 
hat. $\.  22.  N. 

Birck,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Berg.     3  m.  NE.Siegberg,  16  SE.  Duitz. 

Birck,  a  tov/n. of  Germany,  in  the  princi- 
pality of  Bayreutli.     8  miks  6.  Bayreuth. 

Birckag,z^o\yn  of  (jcrmr.nyjinthebiniop- 
ric  of  Bamberg.     2  miles  S.  Grofzwemltcin. 

Birckeufeld,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifhopric  of  Wurzburg.  8  miles  SE.  Ko- 
nigfhofcn. 

Birkeuffld,  a  town  of  PrufTia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Natangcn.     36  m.  SE.  Konigfbcrg. 


B:rd  JJI, nidi,  {mwW  ifl.mds  n'rar  the  north- 
call  coafl:  of  New  Holland,  fo  called  by  Capt. 
Cook;  they  lie  low,  and  almoll:  covered 
with  birds.     16  miles  N\V.  Cape  Grenville. 

Bird  IJland,  an  ifland  almoll:  four  miles  in 
circumference,  in  the  South  Pacilic  Ocean, 
difcovered  by  Cajn.  Cook,  in  1769.  l^on^g* 
216.  24.  E.  Lat.  17.  48.  S. 

Bird Ijland,  a  ihiall  ifland,  near  the  eaft 
coaft  of  Newfoundland.  6  miles  SE.  Cape 
Bonavifta. 

Bird  Ijland,  ■?i{m-\\\\'^AX\A,  in  the  gulf  of 
St.  Laurence.  63  miles  W.  Cape  Anguilla, 
on  the  ifland  of  Newfoundland.  Long.  60. 
45.  W.  Z^/'.47.  55.  N.- 

Bird IJl and,  a  fmall  ifland,  near  the  fouth- 
wcft  coaft  of  Ireland,  at  the  entrance  into 
Dunmannus  Bay.  Long.  9.  40.  W.  Lat. 
51.28.N. 

Bird  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland,  in  Strangford 
Lough,  on  the  coaft  of  Ireland.  8  miles  S. 
Newtown.  Long.  5.28.  W.  Lat.  54.  28.  N. 

Bird  IjJand,  one  of  the  Bermudas  iflands. 

Bird  Ijlaiid,  an  ifland  in  the  Southern 
Pacifi,:  Ocean,  near  the  north-weft  coaft  of 
the  id  and  of  New  Georgia,  difcovered,  in 
1775)  by  Capt.  Cook.  Long.  38.  22.  W. 
Lat.  54.  S. 

Bird  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coaft  of  Africa.     Lat.  24.  40.  S. 

Bird  ^llands,  near  the  north  coaft  of  the 
ifland  o' Antigua,  in  the  Weft-Indies :  there 
are  two,  the  Great  and  Little;  they  are  both 
fmall.     Long.  67.  46.  W.  I,at.  11.50.  N. 

Bird  Ijland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern- 
Indian  fea,  near  the  weft  coaft  of  Sumatra. 
Long.  97.  25.  E.  Lat.  I.  39.  N. 

Bird  Ijland,  an  ifland  m  the  Indian  fea, 
about  four  miles  in  circumference  :  it  is  a 
low  fpot  of  land,  covered  with  green  heath 
or  fltrubs,  and  quite  a  rock  in  many  parts  of 
the  centre.  Nothing  animal  was  feen  but 
water-fowl  and  fca-lions.  Long.  54-  .40.  E. 
Lat.  3.  40.  S. 

Bird  IJland,_  an  ifland  in  the  North  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  difcovered  by  the  commander  of 
the  Prince  of  Wales,  in  the  year  1788.  It 
is,  fays  Capt.  Vancouver,  a  very  remarkable 
Iblitary  ifland,  or  more  properly  fpeaking, 
fingle  rock,  rifing  out  of  this  immenfe 
ocean.  Its  greatcft  extent,  which  was  in  a 
diredtion  S.  74.W.  and  N.  74-  E.  did  not  ex- 
ceed one  mile.  The  uncouth  form  of  its 
northern,  eaftern,  and  weftern  extremities, 
againft  which  the  fea  broke  with  great  vio- 
lence, prefented  a  moft  awful  appearance, 
rifing  perpendicularly  from  the  ocean  111 
lofty  rugged  cliffs,  inacceflible  but  to  its 
winged  inhabitants  ;  on  its  iouthern  fide 
the  afcent  is  not  fo  fteep  and  abrupt ;  and 
near  its  weftern  extremity  is  a  fmall  landy 
beach,  where,  in  fine  weather  and  afhiooth 
fea,  a  landing  might  probably  be  eftcifled*  , 
At  this  place  there  was  the  appearance  oi  ;i 


B  I  R 

)\trh  verdure,  though  it  wns  dcflitute  of  tree 
or  fhrub  ;  evevy  other  p<-.rt  v/as  apparently 
v/ithout  foil,  and  conliiled  only  of" the  naked 
rock.  The  Sandwich  Iflanders  recognize 
it  under  the  appellation  of  Modoo  Mannoo, 
that  is,  Kirdlfland;  and  froniits  great  dif- 
tance  from  all  other  land,  and  its  proximity 
to  their  iHands,  it  fccms  to  claim  fome  dif- 
tant  pretenfions  to  be  ranked  in  the  group 
of  the  Sandwich  iflands,  being  117  miles 
from  Onehow.  L'!/ig.  198. 8. E.  Lat.'z^.S.'N. 

Bird  Jjbnds,  or  yhes,  a  clufter  of  iflands 
in  the  CaVibbean  fea,  near  the  coaft  of  South- 
Americiu    Long,  66.  50.  W.  Lat.  12-  N. 

Bird  Ijland,  or  Aves,  a  Imail  ifland  in 
the  Caribbean  fea.  A  long  bank,  called  the 
Bankof  Aves,  extends  from  this  iflands  to 
St.Euflatius,  about  130  miles  to  the  NNE. 
Long.  64.  W.  Lat.  15.  40.  N. 

Bird^s  Key,  or  Round  Ijland,  a  fmall 
ifland  or  rock  among  the  Virgin  Iflands,  in 
the  \Vefl;-Indies.  6  miles  from  St.  John's 
Ifland,  and  3  NE.  from  St.  Croix.  Long. 
64.  2 J .  W.  Lai.  1 7.  5 4 .  N. 

Bird^s  Ki'jls  Rocks,  three  rocky  iflcts  in 
tlic  Mergui  Archipebgo.    Lat.  10.  42.  N. 

Birdshorough,  a  town  of  Pennlylvania,  on 
tlie  Schuylkill.     8  miles  SE.  Reaaing. 

Biredgick,  fee  Beer. 

Birghc,  fee  Berki. 

Binkingkam,  a  town  of  Ilindooflan,  in 
Berar.     15  miles  S.  Aurungabad. 

Birkala,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Tavaftland. 
57  miles  NW.  Tavalthus. 

Birkan,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Yemen.     24  miles  S.  Saade. 

Birkenfcld,  a  town  of  Fr.mce,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Sarre,  lately  belonging  to 
the  county  of  Sponheim,  and  the  leat  of  a 
bailiwic,  which  includes  thirty-two  villages, 
and  two  iron  founderies.  It  was  taken  by 
the  French  in  the  campaign  of  1794.  30 
piiles  EJN'E.  Treves,  30  NNW.  Deux  Fonts. 

Birkenfeh,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
pnncipality  of  Anfpacli.     5  m.  N.  Anlpaeh. 

Birkejlorffy  <\  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Roer.     i  mile  N.  Dutren. 

Birkct  el  Hadsji,  or  Lake  of  tie  Pdgrinn, 
a  lake  of  Egypt,  where  the  company  and 
pilgrims  affcnible,  which  form  the  caravan  to 
Mecca.  It  had  formerly  a  communication 
vith  the  Nile  by  means  of  a  canal.  lomiles 
ENE.  Cairo.  _ 

Birket  it  Kernn,  a  lake  of  F'gypt,  thirty 
milts  long,  and  lix  wide  in  the  middle,  but 
narro^ving  towards  each  end.  4c  miles  SV\'. 
Cairo. 

Birket  el  Mariouly  a  lake  of  Egypt,  an- 
cientlv  called  Mareotis,  near  the  coalt  of  the 
Mediterranean,  and  a  little  to  the  fouth  of 
Alexandria  ;   about  50  m.  in  eircumterenec. 

Birkholrn,  a  fmal]  ifland  of  Denmark, 
alw>ut  6  miles  S.  Fyen.  Long.  11.  31.  E. 
i-uL.  54.56.  rs. 


B  I  R 

Birkin,  a  river  of  England,  which  nin*^ 
into  the  Boliin.  5  mile  S.  Altringham,  m 
the  county  of  Chefter. 

Birkin  Iflands,  a  clufter  of  fmall  iflands 
in  the  North  Sea,  near  the  eall  coall  of 
Lewis.     Long.  6.  20.  W.  Lat.  j8.  6.  N. 

Birk.oty,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Ben- 
gal. 30  miles  WNW.  Moorfliedabad.  Zw;^. 
87.  55^^E.  Lat.  24.  25.  N. 

Birkozoivka,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Kiev.     40  m.  SE.  Bialacerkiew. 

Birkumita,  a  town  of  Bengal.  38  miJes 
ESE,  Dacca. 

Blrlab,  a  town  of  Egypt.  1 7  miles  ENE. 
Catieh. 

Birlaf,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  fitu- 
ated  on  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Moldavia.  60  miles  NW.  Galatz, 
116  SW.  Bender.  Long.  27.  37.  E.  Lat. 
46.  12.  N. 

Birlaf,  a  river  of  European  Turkey,  which 
runs  into  the  Siret,  at  Dubravitza,  in  Mol- 
davia. 

Birnm,  {hcAva. 

Birmingham,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
countyof  Warwick;  of  late  years  become  one 
of  the  firft  manufaifluring  towns  in  Europe. 
In  the  year  1676,  it  was  not  even  a  market- 
town,  and  is  now  not  a  corporation,  nor  has 
it  any  chartered  privileges.  Indeed  this  very 
circumffance  appears  to  be  one  of  die  firit 
advantages  enjoyed  by  the  town.  Formerly 
tanning  of  leather  was  the  principal  bufinels 
carried  on  by  the  people  of  Birmingham;  no 
appearances  of  that  now  remain.  Before  the 
revolution,  the  manufaiffures  of  Birmingham 
were  confined  to  coarfe  iron  ware;  Ihordy 
after  that  period,  fome  of  the  inhabitants  ob- 
tained a  contrai!:!  for  furnifhing  a  fupply  of 
fire-arms  to  government;  foon  after  the  but- 
ton and  buckle  trade  became  extenfive.  Bir- 
mingham was  conveniently  fituated,  labour, 
coals,  iind  neceflkries  of  life  were  cheap; 
manufacfti.nes  were  erefted  upon  a  general 
and  extenfive  fcale.  Whatever  could  be  de- 
fired,  either  ufeful  or  ornamental,  in  the  va- 
rious branches  difcovered  by  ingenuity  or 
Ifudy,  the  cndlefs  variety  of  buttons,  buckles, 
trinkets,  and  jewellery,  filver  and  plated 
fire-arms,  call -iron  work,  mill-work,  &C.&C. 
are  all  and  abundantly  fupplied  by  Birming- 
ham. Some  of  the  mofl  extenfive  manu- 
factures in  the  kingdom  are  eflabliflied 
here.  Inland  navigations  have  increafed  the 
trade,  and  will  ftill  increafe  it  much  more 
by  frefh  communications.  Even  London 
now  receives  the  manufadures  of  Bir- 
mingham by  means  of  inland  navigations. 
It  is  fcarcely  fifty  years  lince  there  was  not 
a  fin  vile  mercantile  houfe,  which  corre- 
fponded  diredly  from  hence  with  any  fo- 
reign country,  but  furniflied  their  products 
for  the  i'upply  of  thofc  markets  through  the 
medium  of  racrchuuts  m  London ;  at  this 


B  I  R 

time  the  principal  orders  for  foreign  fupply 
come  directly  to  merchiints or  manufactures 
refident  in  the  town.  The  air  is  naturally 
exceeding  pure,  and  not^vilh^^andllJg  the 
difad vantages  which  mull  refult  liom  its 
dole  popuiaiion,  the  noxious  cffluxi  a  of  va- 
rious metallic  trades,  and,  above  all,  the 
continual  fmoke  arifing  from  the  immenfo 
quantity  of  coals  confumrd,  it  is  rem.uktd 
by  rhe  molt  accurate  obfcrver  or^  the  proba- 
bility of  human  exlli-ence,  (Di,  Puce,)  to  be 
one  of  the  htu'thiell  towns  ■  in  Enghnd. 
The  foundation  being  a  dry  leddifh  fand, 
the  le^vcIl:  apartine-.its  are  perfeclly  free 
from  danp;  and  herce  it  follow  ;^^  diat  agues, 
and  the  ui.iir.'Ous  :r'be  of  diftempers  a."»i- 
dentAito  muifiifituations;  areiierpunkii'i.vn. 
The  inHancr:-  cf  icn^^evicy  arc  .Irikmgiy 
num;reu>  -,  rind  eve-y  uiwans  for  the  pieiLr- 
vaticr>  :;r  iiealth  have  beeu  adopted  in  this 
great  t;.vvn,  particalai'v  b'^hing  ;  one  of 
the  rcoftexteiiuve  and  complete  fcl  uf  baths 
in  tiie  kingdom  being  eteded  at  I/ady-vVell. 
Altnalt  .evety  anift  occapyiug  :i  feparate 
houfe,  tlviy  arc  li^ead  over  i  "^rrater  ex- 
tent -'f  furface,  snd  confeqiiently  free  from 
the  difaQv.T.niage,3  f  re'  .^'kable  in  other 
great  to^vns  ■'.vhere  the  bubitations  are 
lar per,  and  every  floor  O'^cipiui  by  one  or 
more  families ;  the  d'vell'ngs,  however,  of 
the  merchants  and  principal  raanufaflurers 
art:  qaal  to  thofe  of  the  fame  rank  in  any 
oth'.r  part  of  ths  kingdom  ;  and  Birming- 
ha:r!  boafb  of  foinc  itreas  which  would  even 
do  hanour  to  t!ie  capital.  Birmiugnam  has 
tv/o  pariHi  churches,  and  foui  chapels  of 
eafe.  Of  the  fonner,  St.  Philip's  is  juftly 
julHy  ad:rjrcd  for  the  beauty  of  its  architec- 
ture and  iituation,  being  built  in  a  light 
elegant  ftyle,  "about  8  c  years  ago.  In 
each  fteeple  is  a  fet  of  .nuiica!  chimes,  which 
play  every  three  hours.  ..nd  different  every 
aay  rn  the  week.  The  chapels  are  all 
modern  handfome  edihces,  p^.rticularly  St. 
Paui  s.  There  were  two  Prefoytcrian  meet- 
ings ;  but  they  were  both  dclfrcyed  in  the 
riots  m  July  1791:  they  are  now  rebuilt, 
and  a  third  is  in  contemplation.  There  are 
ahb  three  meetings  ol  Independents,  one  of 
Quakers,  three  of  Anabaptilfs,  a  Komiih 
chapel,  with  feveral  Mcthodift  meeting- 
houfes,  and  a  Jewilh  fynagogue.  Amonglt 
the  charitable  endowments,  nuilt  be  ranked 
the  General  Hofpital.  This  is  a  large  and 
convenient  edifice,  ereded  on  the  edge  of 
the  town  at  above  7000I.  expence,  volunta- 
rily fubfcribed,  as  is  its  prefent  lupport, 
amounting  to  about  loool.  per  annum,  in 
which  upwards  of  feventy  patients  are  ac- 
commodated weekly  upon  an  average,  and 
a  ilill  greater  number  are  relieved  externally. 
There  is  a  weekly  market  on  Thurfday, 
which  is  plentifully  fupplied  from  the  coun- 
try with  every  kind  of  provilion,  and  well 


B  I  R 

flored  with  live  cattle  of  all  kinds.-  The 
following  comparifon  will  place  in  a  very 
Itrikmg  liglrt  the  rapid  incrcafe  of  popuL* 
tion  in  Birmingham  within  a  century  :  in 
1688,  the  fum  dilburfed  for  the  poor  was 
308I.  17s.  9^d.  From  Ealler  1786,  to  Earter  • 
1787,  12,4191.9s.  ii;^d.and  nearly  the  fame 
ior  the  preceding  fevenyears.  The  number 
of  inhabitants  in  1801,  was  73,670,  of  whom 
62,702  were  employed  in  trade  and  manu- 
flidturcs.  62  m.  NW.  Oxford,  87  N.Briftol,  ' 
115  WNW.  London.  ,. 

Birna.,  a  rivci   of  Afia,    which  forms  the    ■ 
fouthern  bound  ,ry  of  the  kingdom  of  Pera, 
and  runs  into  tiie  Straits  of  Malacca,  Long,    ' 
loo.  57.  E.  Lai.  3.  48.  N. 

Biniam,  a  hill  of  Scotland,  near  Dunkeld, 
about  1580  feet  above  the  level  of  the  fea, 
anciently  a  forefl:  and  a  royal  domain.  Near  = 
the  foot  is  a  round  mount  called  Duncan's 
Hill,  where  that  king  is  laid  to  have  held  a 
court  of  juftice  ;  and  higher  up  are  the  ruins 
of  a  fl-rong  fortrefr,.  Birnam  Wood  is  ren-* 
dered  r.  mai  kable  by  Shakeljpear  in  his  tra- 
pedy  of  Macbeth. 

Bir7ifddt  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bl- 
fliopric  of  Wurzbing.     4  m.  E.  L.'iringen. 

Biron,  a  tov  ii  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment ot  the  Dordognc.  %i  miles  SW.  Sarlat_, 
and  ID  S.  Btlvez. 

Biron,  an  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  St«  Lau- 
re'^ce.  78  miles  W.  Cape  Anguilia.  Long. 
6i.  5.W.  Z-i?/.  47.  50.  N. 

Bironico,  a  tov/n  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
bailiwick  of  Lugano.  10  m.NNW.  Lugano. 

Birouan,-A  town  of  the  kingdom  ot  Can- 
dahar.     15  miles  NW.Ghizni. 

Blrt^,  atown  of  Ireland,  in  King'sCounty, 
fituated  neap  the  borders  of  Tipperary,  oq 
a  river  which  runs  into  the  Shannon.  It  was  ' 
formerly  called  Parfons'-town,  from  the 
family  of  Parfons,  who  had  a  callle  here, 
which  was  belieged  by  Sarslield,  general  of 
the  Irilh,  but  relieved  by  General  Kirk.  34 
miles  NE.  Limerick,  34  NNW.  Kilkenny. 

Birs,  or  Bir/ck,otBur/c/:,  a  river  of  Swil- 
ferland,  which  runs  into  the  Rhine,  near 
Bale. 

Birfti,  a  town  of  Pamona,  the  principal 
Orkneyifland.  Long. 2.7  'W.Lat.s?"^')-^- 

Birkjkiii  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs 
into  the  Lena.     a8  miles  SW.  Olckminik. 

Birjhary  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.  ai.  ij.  E.  Lat. 
61.  22.  N. 

Birjleifi,  a  town  ot  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  the  Upper  Rhine,  and  county  ofllen- 
burg.  7  miles  E.  Buddingen,  and  27  ENE. 
Franckfort  on  the  Maine. 

Birt,  fee  Brit. 

Birterbury  Bay.,  a  bay  on  the  wcfl  coaft 
ofheland,  open  to  the  Atlantic.  Long.  c). 
5c.  W.  Lat.  SZ'  ^o.  N. 

Birthifh  a  "ver  of  England,  which  fuijS 


B  T  S 


B  I  S 


into 'lie  UiTc,  near  the  town  of  Uil<,  in  the 
cov.nty  of  Monmouth. 

Birui  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe  of 
Tr\ixil!o.     25  miles  SSE.  Truxillo. 

Biruckpot'.r,  a  fortrcls  of  Ilindoofl-an,  in 
♦he  circarof  Chanderue.     55  miles  E.Chan- 
dcrcc,  and  i;  S.  Chattcrpour. 

IVirv'iej'ca^  or  Blrbefcii,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Old  Caftile.     15  miles  NE.  Burgos. 

Blriiifa,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs 
ip.to  the  Tchiuna,  Loitg.  95.  14.  E.    Lat. 

Biruitfch,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Vclonez.  50  miles  S.  Voroncz, 
and  158  SSE.  Peterfburg. 

Birza,  a  town  of  Samogitia,  and  capital 
of  a  dutchy,  which  contains  three  churches, 
one  for  Roman  Catholics,  and  two  for  Pro- 
^ilants.  15  miles  S.  Bauflce,  and  50  N. 
Trolcj.    Lo7!g.  s;,.  50.  E.  Lat.  sS'  16.  N. 

B:Jacc'iOy  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Princi- 
p.to  Ultra,  the  fee  of  a  bilhop  united  to  St. 
-.■\ngelo  de  Lombardi.  13  miles  N.  Conza, 
and  4c  E.  Benevento.  Long.  15.  ai.  E. 
Lat.  41.  3,.  N. 

Bifagn,-AXi  ifland  of  Africa,  one  ofthofe 
called  Biffagos,  in  the  Rio  Grande,  15  miles 
from  its  mouth. 

Blfaiitagaii,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Guzerat.     42  miles  WNW.  (^ogo. 

Bijla!,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia.  15 
miles  SE.  Gerona. 

Bijl-jra,  a  town  of  Anica,  in  the  conn- 
try  of  Zaab,  of  which  it  is  the  capital.  It 
irasa  Turkifh  garrilbn  in  a  fmall  caiile  built 
by  Ilaflan  bey  of  Conlhintina,  on  Roman 
ioundations.  The  chief  Ifrcngth  coniirts  in 
iix  fmall  pieces  of  ordnance,  and  fome  large 
iiiuflccts  mounted  on  carriages,  ico  miles 
SSW.  Conlfantina,  and  ijc  S.';^E.  Algiers. 
Long.s.  13.  E.  L,!t.  34.  35.  N. 

Bifcari,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of 
Noto.     9  miles  W.Monte 'RoiTo. 

Bifcny,  a  province  of  Spain,  bounded  on 
the  north  by  the  lea,  on  the  eail  by  Guipuf- 
co.i,  on  the  ibuth  by  Alava,  and  on  the 
v/eft  by  Alfuria.  The  Hvape  is  tending  to  a 
circle,  and  meafures  above  30  miles  in  diame- 
ter. The  lurdlhip  of  Bifcay  is  a  mountain- 
ous country,  about  36  miles' in  length  from 
call  to  M'el},  and  2*4  from  north  to  Ibuth  ; 
coi.liiHng  entirely  of  hills  and  mountains  of 
various  dimcnlions,  mofl  of  which  arc  cul- 
tivated to  tile  very  finimiit ;  the  vallies  being 
^hec[uered  as  well  as  tiie  hills,  Vv'ith  villages, 
fiirnis,  amble  L.nd,  and  paflure.  I'he  lur- 
(;cc  of  earth  generalfv  lies  over  malles  of 
Jfone,  or  detached  rock,  limeftone,  fandy  or 
Knt  Hones,  and  fometinies  valuable  marble  of 
various  colours,  particularly  dark  grey,  in- 
clining to  black,  llrciikcd  with  white.  At 
iH.hcr  times  the  lurface  extends  over  in  n 
irniws,  wliicli  emphiy  a  great  number  of 
*)r;K-;;.     iVhiiiy   of  th.cfc   niuuutains.  couliil 


of  hills  piled  up  upon  each  other,  like  that 
cf  Gorveya,  which  takes  five  hours  to  af- 
cend  ;  its  fummit  affords  a  beautiful  plain,,, 
witli  abundance  of  palture,  where  the  herds 
of  Bifcay  and  Alaba  remain  for  Ibme  months. 
Near  Durango  the  hills  are  bare;  and  from 
their  fteepnels  difhcult  to  afcend.  Serantes, 
near  Portugalete,  is  another  high  hill,  in  the 
form  of  a  pyramid;  and  being  feen  at  a  great 
diftance,  is  a  good  land-mark  for  mariners 
failing  into  the  river  of  Bilbao:  from  its, 
fliape  it  feems  as  if  it  had  been  a  volcano. 
There  are  other  mountains  of  two  or  three 
miles  in  length,  with  craggy  peaks,  whofc 
lldes  neverthelefs  admit  of  cultivation  and 
dwellings.  Others  are  low  and  flat-topped, 
covered  with  earth,  having  farms,  befides 
wood  for  charcoal,  and  even  meadows  for 
pafture,  extending  to  their  fummit;  but 
none  yield  produds  in  proportion  to  their 
fjrface,  for  the  vegetative  fylfem  riling  in  3. 
perpendicular  line,  an  oblique  fuperficies 
cannot  fupport  more  trees  or  plants  than  a 
plain  of  equal  bafis.  Small  rivers  and  brooks 
ilfue  from  the  crevices  and  clifts  of  thefe 
mountains,  which,  though  aJmoll  dry  in 
fummer,  are  trem.endous  in  v/inter.  If  we 
except  the  ploughed  fields,  and  the  bare  tops 
of  fome  jagged  mountains,  all  the  reft  are 
covered  with  woods,  either  for  timber  or 
charcoal ;  fome  are  natural,  fuch  as  the  holm 
and  arbutus;  others,  fachas  oaks,  are  plant- 
ed and  grow  very  fall.  Wliere  there  are 
no  woods,  and  a  good  depth  of  foil,  it  pro- 
duces impenetrable  thickets  of  the  fhrub 
called  argovia,  as  well  as  Cantabrian  heath 
and  fine  gorze.  Higher  up,  where  there  is 
lefs  earth,  the  fides  of  the  hills  and  the  val- 
lies have  plenty  of  grafted  cheiiiuts,  which 
the  Hamburg  fliips  carry  away  in  great 
quantities  from  Bilbao.  The  apple-tree  feems 
here  to  be  in  its  natural  foil,  and  thrives  ad- 
mirably without  cultivation :  the  whole  coun- 
try produces  varieties  of  this  fruit.  They  have 
excellent  peaches,  which  they  call  pavias.y 
with  this  remarkable  circumllance,  that  they 
are  never  grafted,  or  improved  by  any  par- 
ticular culture.  Of  pears  they  have  a  great 
variety,  and  the  choiceft  forts ;  befides  abun- 
dance of  figs,  nuts,  and  currants;  and  though  j 
the  country  does  not  produce  rafpberries  I 
naturally,  it  abounds  with  excellent  llraw-  ' 
berries,  as  well  as  all  manner  of  garden 
plants,  greens,  and  pulfe,  in  perfedion. 
Their  onions  are  remarkably  fwect ;  Galicia 
furuiflies  them  with  turnips  for  cattle,  and 
they  have  fmall  ones  for  their  kitchen.  Their 
cows  and  oxen  are  fmall,  but  ftout  and  10- 
bulf;  goats  they  had  better  be  without,  as 
great  care  mull  be  taken  to  prevent  them 
from  dellroying  the  trees ;  ilieep  they  have 
none.  They  have  hx  or  feven  forts  of  grapes, 
of  which  they  make  the  Chacoli  wine;  all 
ipots  arc  not  equally  favuurablcj  howevu;; 


B  I  S 


B  I  S 


the  %-ineyards  are  numerous  about  Orv.nda 
and  Bilbao,  and  form  the  principal  revenues 
of  the  country  gentlemen  ;  but  as  the  prices 
are  fixed,  and  no  foreign  wine  can  be  intro- 
duced nor  fold  by  the  publicans  while  their 
own  vintage  h  felling,  they  are  more  eager 
to  increafe  the   quantity   than  meliorate  its 
quality,  for  which  reafon  it  is  in  general  bad : 
befides,  they  make  their  vintage  too  early, 
which  gives  a  fhai:pnefs  to  the  wine,  and  de- 
prives it  of  body;  and  being  unflvilkil  as  well 
as  careicfs,  mixing  the  rotten  and  four  grape 
with  the  reif,  Chacoli  is  poor  wine.     Their 
whole  vintage  will  not  fuilice  forfour  months' 
confumption,  and  the   deficiency   mull  be 
made  up  from  the  province  of  Rioja;  which 
occafions  a  laying,  "  that  the  iron  ofBifeay 
is  fwallowed    down  in  foreign  wine  by  the 
natives."      Even  Englilltmen  and  Germans 
are  people   of  great  fobriety  compared  with 
many  Bifcaynej^s.    Moft  of  the  mountains  of 
Bifcay  and  Guypufco  are  of  an  argillaceous 
lubftancc,  the  Itone  decompofes  very  litde, 
or   refolves  into   earth,   though   calcareous 
ftone  is   abundant,    and  in  many  parts  they 
have  manured  for  ages  with  lime.  The  corn 
raifed  is  not  fufficient  for  the  confumption  of 
the  inhabitants.    Game  would  be  plentiful,  if 
there  not  fo  many  fportfmen ;  though   they 
do  not  want  for  partridges,  and  their  quails 
are  the  beft  in  all  Spain.     In  marihy  places 
they  are  well  flocked  with  wild-ducks,  wood- 
cocks, and  fnipes.     In  the  plains  they  have 
hares,  but  no  rabbits,  nor  any  deer.    There 
are  fome  wild-boars  in  the  woods;  the  com- 
mon wolf  is  fcarce,  there  being  fo  few  ihcep 
to  entice  them,  and  the  country  being  fo 
fully  inhabited,  they  are  immediately  difco- 
vered  and  killed;  but  .they  have  plenty  of 
foxes,   which    much    annoy   the    poult;'y. 
Their  feaports  are  well  fapplied  v,'ith  ufli. 
Oyfters,  and  other  teftaceous  fifli,  are  like- 
wnfe   in    great   plenty;   and    that   delicate 
fifli  the  Sardina  is  ib   abundant,  that  a  hun- 
dred may  be  bought  for  the  value  of  a  ha.lf- 
penny.      The   Bifcayners   give    the   name 
of  republlcks  to  the  different  jurildifrions  in 
their  provinces;  all  which,  except  Orduna, 
their  onlv  city,  and  a  few  towns,  arc  coni- 
pofed  of  hamlets  and  lonely  lioufes,  difpci- 
fedup  and  down,  according  to  the  converji- 
ence  of  fituation  in  io  clofe  and  interfctftcd 
a  countiy.     The  villagers  wear  brogues,  not 
unlike  thofe   of  the  highlands  of  Scotland, 
tied  up  with  great  neatncfs;  being  the  mod 
yfcful  for  a  flippcry  and  mountainous  coun- 
try.    When  they  are  not  bufy  in  the  fields, 
they  walk  with  a  ftaff  taller  than  thcmfelves, 
which  ferves  them  to  vault  over  gullies  and 
torrents,  and  is  an  excellent  weapon  in  calc 
of  afiault,  with    which  they   will  baffle  tlie 
mofl  deNLtrousfvvordliiien:  they  wcarcloakj 
in  the  winter;   their  pipe   is   conftantly  in 
their  mouth,  as  well  tor  pleafure  as  from  a 


notion  that  tobacco  prefen'cs  them  from  the 
dampnels  ol  the  air.  All  this,  joIplcI  to 
their  natural  activity,  I'prightlincis,  and  vi- 
gour, gives  them  an  appearance  feeming  to 
border  on  fcrocitwwere  it  not  the  reverfe.of 
their  manners,  which  are  gentle  and  eafy; 
they  arc  however  extremely  choleric.  It 
has  been  obfervcd,  that  the  inhabitants  or 
mountains  are  ftrongly  attached  to  their 
country;  which  probably  arifes  from  the 
divlfion  of  huids  in  which,  generally  fpeak- 
ing,  all  have  an  interell.  In  this  tile  Bifcay- 
ners exceed  all  other  itatcs;  looking  with 
fondnefson  their  hills,  as  the  moil  delightful 
fcsncs  in  the  world ;  and  their  people  as  the 
moll  relpc(^l:ablc,  vaunting  thcmfelves  to  l)e 
defcended  from  the  nhoriirines  of  Spain. 
The  manners  of  the  Bifcayners  and  the  an- 
cient Irifli  are  f)  (Imilar  on  many  occafions, 
as  to  encourage  the  notion  of  the  Irilh  being 
defcended  from  them.  The  King  of  Spain 
has  no  other  title  over  this  free  people  than 
lord  ofBifeay,  the  fame  as  the  kings  of  Eng- 
land formerly  held  over  Ireland.  They  ad- 
mit or  no  hi  (hops  nor  of  cullom-houfes  in 
their  provinces;  and  as  they  pay  lefs  duty 
than  the  king's  other  lubje^s,  they  were  not 
included  in  the  late  extenfions  of  the  Ame- 
rican commerce.  Its  convenient  fituation 
near  the  fea,  and  its  vicinity  to  France,  ha.s 
made  it  the  mofl  commercial  country  of 
Spain,  Lower  Andalufia  only  excepted.  1: 
is  computed  that  tl:e  inh.ib:tants  yearly  ma- 
nufacture 300.000  quintals  of  iron  and  fleel, 
in  arms,  nails,  iron  tools,  and  bars.  The 
air  is  mild,  pure,  and  more  temperate  than 
in  the  other  provinces  of  Spain.  The  Bif- 
cavans  have  always  had  the  reputation  of 
of  bravery  and  courage ;  and  whenever  Spain 
h;is  changsd  its  mailer,  they  have  always 
been  tlie  laft  fiabdued.  Bifcay  is  remarkable 
for  its  roads,  culti\ation,  and  privileges,  but 
more  particularly  for  the  induflry  of  its  in- 
habitants. The  bell  foldiers  and  the  belt 
mariners  of  Spain  are  faid  to  be  natives  of 
this  country.  They  have  lefs  phlegm  than 
the  other  Spaniards,  are  more  animated,  and 
of  a  temper  more  free  or  open;  they  are 
ci\il,  honeil,  and  polite,  though  Ibmetimes 
a  little  vain  and  proud.  Then-  women  are 
merry,  lively,  and  pafTably  handfome.  The 
three  provinces  of  Bifcay,  Alva,  Guipufcos, 
are  the  afylum  offiberty  and  indufliy,  and 
this  is  the  caufe  of  their  common  profpe*ity» 
If  the  king  be  in  want  of  a  certain  number 
of  foldiers  or  fifilurs,  he  makes  his  will 
known  to  the  province,  and  tlie  people  fur- 
niih  tlieir  contingency.  When  a  ccria^n 
fuin  is  demanded,  it  is  levied  upon  t!ie  dilTe- 
rent  cities  and  communities,  according  to  a 
rec!;ifler,  fo  thtit  Bifcay  may  be  faid  to  tax 
itfelf.  The  language  of  Bifcay  is  difFereiu, 
not  onlv  from  the  reft  of3!)a(n,  but  from  the 
languai^c  of  atiy  other  pa.t  of  Eurojie,  ar.d 


BIS 

is  only  underftood  by  themfelves.  "Bilbao  is 
the  capital.  The  provinces  of  Alava  and 
Guipufcoa  are  generally  united  with  Bifcay 
Proper,  under  the'general  term  of  Bifcay. 
_  Biscay,  (Bay  of  J  that  part  of  the  At'lan- 
lie  which  lies  north  of  the  province  of  Bif- 
cay, between  the  projeding  coafts  of  France 
and  Spain,  extending  from  Ulhant  to  Cape 
Finifterre. 

Biscay,  (Bay  of,)  a  large  bay  on  the 
fouth  coall:  of  Nev/foundland,  between  Cape 
Race  and  Cape  Pine.  Long.sT,.  6.  W.  Lat. 
46.  50.  N. 

Biscay,  {Ncnv,)  a  province  of  Mexico, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  New  Mexico,  on 
the  eaft  by  New  Leon,  on  the  fouth  by 
Zacatecas,  and  on  the  weft  by  Culiacan. 
The  country  is  in  general  mountainous,  and 
watered  by  a  great  number  of  rivers  and 
brooks;  it  has  fome  mines  of  filver  and 
lead.  Durango  is  the  capital. 
_  Biscay  no,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Flo- 
rida, near  the  coall.  Lo?ig.  80.  S3.  W. 
Lat.  2.T.  5S.  N. 

Bischhurg,  or  Bischofshurg,  a  town  of 
Prullia,  in  the  country  of  Eimcland.  54  m. 
S.  Konigfberg. 

Bischdorf,  a  town  of  Prullia,  in  the  pro- 
•vmce  of  Oberland.  8  miles  NNW.  Bif- 
chotswcrder. 

Bischei-m,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle ot  the  Dppcr  Rhine,  and  county  of  Lich- 
tenberg,  on  a  fmall  liver  which  runs  into  the 
Khme,  wliere  Marflial  Villars  had  his  head- 
quarters m  the  year  170^  8  miles  NE. 
Slrafburg,  t  NW.  Oberkirch 

Bischnarclx,  a  town  of  Pi-ullia,  in  Pome- 
relia._    72  m.  SSW.  Dantzic. 

Bischfuu:k,OY  Sckosia  Koloka,  a  town  of 
the  dutchy  ol  Camiola.  4  miles  SSE.  Crain- 
burg,  72  NNE.Triefte.  Lo;7g.  14.  17.  E. 
Xa/.  46.  18.  N. 

Bischoffrod,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
cnuniy  ot  Henneberg.  5  miles  NNW. 
bchleuiingen. 

Bischoffsheim,  a  town  of  Germany,  fitu- 
ated  on  the  Tauber,  in  the  circle  of  Fran- 
coma,  but  bdonging  to  the  elcdorate  of 
Mcntz.     32  miles  E.  Heidelberg,    64  SE 

n'-u kr^r ^' ^°- ^- ^''t' 49- 34. N.  ■ 

Bischcjfjiorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
outdiy  ot  Stma.     13  miles  ENE.  Grutz. 

Bijclcfshchn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifhopnc  ot   Wurzburg,     fituated    on   die 

NNW.  Schuunlurt.  Long.io.ix.'iL  Lat 
so.  28.  N. 

Bifchofslcim,  a  town  of  Gcrmanv,  in  the 
5,°""%"^  fhmau-Munzenburg.  V,  nnlcs 
l.INE.  Fiankturt  on  the  Maine,  ^  V\^NW 
Ilanau. 

,  Bifchofstci,!,  or  Blfcin,  a  town  of  Prullia, 
111  tne  county  of  Ermeland.  42  miles  S. 
Koniglberg.  X.;/^-.  20.  y,.  E.  Lat.s^.  N. 


BIS 

Bifchofsgrun,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Culmbach.  6  miles  ■\^.  Wun- 
iiedel,  and  11  NE.  Bayreuth.  > 

Bifchofsiverda,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
marggrayate  of  MeilTen,  fituated  on  an  ifland 
in  the  river  Wefenitz.  Its  principal  com- 
merce is  in  white  thread  ;  it  has  two  churches 
This  town  was  founded  about  the  year  1076, 
by  the  Bifhop  of  MeilTen.  In  1420,  it  was 
plundered  by  the  Huffites.  In  1596,  it  was 
almoft  burned  to  the  ground.  In  1 631,  it- 
was  plundered  by  the  Imperialifts.  In  1639, 
and  in  1714,  it  was  taken  by  the  Swedes, 
who  committed  great  barbarities.  The  in- 
habitants are  Lutherans.  20  miles  E.  Dref- 
den,  28  E.  Meiflen.  Long.  14.  10.  E.  Lat. 
51-7.  N. 

Bisckofsiverder,  a  to\vn  of  Prullia,  in  the 
province  of  Oberland.  94  miles  SSW. 
Konigfberg,  63  SSE.  Dantzic.  Long.  19. 
17.  E.  Lat.  S2.-  24- N. 

Bischofzell,  a  town  of  Swiflerland,  in  the 
Thurgaw,  with  a  caftle,  in  which  relided  the 
baihffof  the  hifnop  of  Conftance,  whoexer- 
cifed  a  jurifdiaion  over  the  Catholics,  and 
received  a  moiety  of  the  fines ;  tituated  at  the 
conflux  of  the  Sitter  and  Thur.  1 1  miles 
S.  Conftance,  8  NW.  St.  Gal.  Long.  9. 
13.  E.  Lat.  47.  26.  N. 

Bifcholtz,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  Natangen. 
25  miles  S.  Brandenburg. 

Bifchivald,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  terri- 
tory of  Culm.  45  miles  S.  Culm,  37  SE. 
Manenwerder. 

Bischnveiler,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  and  diftricT: 
of  Haguenau,  htuafed  on  the  Motte,  near 
the  Rhmc,  and  defended  by  a  caftle,  flanked 
v/ith  towers  and  defended  by  ditches.  4 
miles  SE.  Haguenau,  10  N.  Strafburg. 

Bu-cina,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Urbino. 
8  miles  S.  Gubbio. 

Biscopsvaare,  a  town  of  Norway.  48  m. 
E.  Bergen.    . 

Biscnpia,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  pro- 
vmce  of  Oberland.     32  m.  S.  Marienburg. 

BisdorJ,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality ot  Anhalt  Cothen.  9  m.  N.  Cothen. 

Lisegha,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Ban,  the  fee  of  a  biHiop,  fufFragan  of 
rram  ;  fituated  on  a  hill,  in  a  fertile  coun- 
try,  near  the  coaft  of  the  Adriatic.  5  miles 
E.  Tram.   Long.  16.  35.  E.  Lat.  41.  8.  E. 

-^/jcv.'/s,  a  town  of  Mora\ia,  in  the  circle 
ot  Ilradilcii.    14  miles  SW.  Hradifch. 
_  hiscrt,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  fituated  on  a  fmall 
river,  which  runs  into  the  Upha,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Perm,     80  miles  SSE.  Perm. 

Biscrta,  fee  Bizcrta. 

Bishhcsh,-A  town  of  Egypt,  fituated  on  the 
branch  cut  from  the  Khalits  Abu  Menegei, 
«'■  ^-^'"ii/  "^  Trajan,  to  that  which  runs  fnfn* 
the  Nile  to  the  lake  of  Menzaleh,  near 
1  inch,  anciently  the  Ft;luli;ig  canal.    Jt  Wiis 


B  I  S 


B  I  S 


formerly  called  Buballe.  I  have  adopted 
the  name  of  Bilhbefli,  from  Dr.  Shaw. 
D'Anville  calls  it  Baltah.  Here  are  many 
nionuments  of  antiquity  and  hieroglyphics. 
Enormous  maflcs  of  granite,  almofl:  all  muti- 
lated, lie  in  great  heaps;  many  of  them  made 
into  mill-ftones,  fome  of  which  completely 
cut  have  been  left  on  the  fpot,  probably  from 
want  of  means  to  carry  them  away.  This 
city  was  raifed  on  malfy  foundations  of  un- 
burnt  brick;  the  extent  is  about  600 or  700 
^thorns  each  way.  In  the  centre  is  an  im- 
menfe  bafon,  in  the  middle  of  which  the  mo- 
numents are  fituated.  In  this  city  the  feail 
of  Diana  was  celebrated  annually  by  the 
Egyptians;  on  which  occafion,  Herodotus 
tells  us  that  not  lefs  than  700,000  people 
aflembled,  befides  children ;  it  was  a  kind 
of  bacchanalian  orgy,  and  the  quantity  of 
wine  confumed  was  aftonifliing.  To  this 
place  were  fent  all  the  mummies  of  cats 
made  in  Egypt.  40  miles  NE.  Cairo,  47  m. 
SW.Tineh.  Long.2,1. si.E.  i.«/.  30.33.N. 

Biihbesh,  a  river  of  Algiers,  which  riles 
in  the  province  ofTitterie,  and  being  joined 
by  feveral  other  ftreams,  forms  the  Yiffer. 
It  is  fo  named  from  the  quantity  of  fennel 
found  on  its  banks. 

Bisherit  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
the  province  of  Diarbeldr.  ao  miles  S. 
Meia  Sarekin. 

Blsimi,  a  town  of  Perfian  Armenia,  on 
the  Zenghi.     24  miles  NE.  Erivan. 

Bishop,  one  of  the  Faroer  iflands,  in  the 
North  fea. 

Bifiop  and  his  Clerks,  a  clufter  of  dan- 
gerous rocks,  near  the  weft  coaft  of  South- 
Wales,  at  the  entrance  of  St.  George's  Chan- 
nel. 4  miles  W.  St.  David's.  Long.1.%0. 
W.  Lat.  51.54.-N. 

Bishop  and  Ins  Clerhj,  rocks  in  the  bay 
of  Honduras.   Lo7ig.  88.  W.  Lat.  15. 53.  N. 

Bishop' s  Aukland,  fee  Aukland. 

BiJJiop' s  Cajile,  a  town  of  England,  in 
Shropfhire,  with  a  well-frequented  market 
held  every  Friday,  and  1 3 1 3  inhabitants.  1 6 
miles  SSW.  Shrpvvfbury,  152  N W.  London. 

Bishop's  Ijla?id,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  At- 
lantic, near  thcW.  coaft  of  Ireland,  and  coun- 
ty of  Clare.  Long.  9.  35.  W.  Lat.^x.  38.  N. 

Bishop'' s  I/lands,  a  chain  of  fmall  iflands, 
among  the  weftern  iflands  of  Scotland, 
extending  about  la  miles  from  north  to 
fouth  ;  the  principal  are  Bernera,  Mingalla, 
and  Pabbay,  with  a  few  iflcts.  Lo?ig.  7.  35. 
VV.  Lat.  56.  48.  N. 

Bishop's  Hatfield,  fee  Hatfield. 

Bijhop's  Stortford,  a  town  of  England,  in 
the  county  of  Herts,  near  the  borders  of 
Eflcx,  on  a  navigable  canal,  which  commu- 
nicates with  the  river  Lea.  The  principiil 
bufinefs  is  making  malt,  of  which  great  quan- 
tities are  fent  to  London.  It  has  a  large  mar- 
ket, efpecially  for  corn,  held  on  Xhurldays. 


Here  was  formerly  a  caftle,  which  together 
with  the  town  w;is  given  by  William  the 
Conqueror  to  the  Bilhop  pf  London,  whence 
its  praenomen.  King  John  feized  and  de- 
moliflied  the  callle,  in  revenge  to  the  bi- 
fliop,  who  had  publiflrcd  the  Pope's  inter- 
dict againft  the  nation.  The  town  in  the 
fame  reign  was  incorporated,  and  returned 
members  to  feven  fucceffive  parliaments. 
The  bifliop  wasreftored  by  the  fame  prince, 
and  fatisfavftion  made  him  for  demolilhing 
the  caftle.  The  hill  or  keep  of  the  caftle, 
is  artificial,  made  of  earth  carried  thither, 
with  a  breaft-work  at  top  of  ftones  and  mor- 
tar. A  bank  of  earth  leads  from  it  through 
the  moory  ground,  on  which  it  was  lituated 
to  tlie  north-eaft.  There  is  a  large  wall  fiom 
the  top  of  the  hill  yet  remaining.  The  bi- 
Ihop's  prifon  was  in  being  in  Bifliop  Bon- 
ner's time ;  though  all  the  old  buildings 
are  lince  demolilhed.  But  the  caftlcguard 
is  ftill  paid  by  feveral  places  to  the  bifaop, 
befides  other  quit-rents.  This  town  is  built 
in  the  form  of  a  crofs,  having  four  ftreets 
turned  to  the  cardinal  points;  and  the  river- 
Stort  runs  through  it.  In  r8oi,  the  popula- 
tion was  2305,  of  wiiich453  v/ere  employed 
in  trade  and  manufa-fturcs.  13  m.  E.  Hert- 
ford, 30  N.  London.  Long.  o.  12.  E- 
Lat.  51.  52.  N. 

Bishop's  JValtbam,  a  town  of  England,  in 
the  county  of  Herts,  where  the  bilhops  of 
Winchefter  formerly  had  a  palace,  which 
was  deftroyed  by  the  republican  party  in 
the  civil  wars  of  the  laft  century.  It  has  a 
weekly  market  on  Friday.  10  miles  SSE. 
Winchefter,  65  WSW.  London. 

Bisignano,  a;town  of  Naples,  in  Calabr  in 
Citra,  lituated  on  a  hill,  near  the  river  Coti'a; 
lurrounded  on  all  fides  by  lofty  mountains, 
and  defended  by  a  ftrong  tortrels.  It  is  the 
lee  of  a  bifhop,  fuffragan  of  RofTano.  16  m. 
WSW.  Roflano,  14N.  Cofenza.  Lo7ig.  i6. 
II.  E.  Lat.  39.  32.  N. 

Biskcm,  a  tov/n  of  Pruflia,  in  Ermeland. 
18  m.  WSW.  Heilfperg. 

Biskupitz,  a  town,  of  Moravia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Znaym.     15  m.  N.  Znaym. 

Bislan,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Nile. 
3  m.  S.  Damietta. 

Bii'.e\',  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Gloacelier,  lituated  near  the  canr.l  which 
unites  the  Severn  with  the  Thanjes.  There 
is  a  con'iderablc  manufadlure  of  broad  cloth 
carried  on  here.  In  iSoi,  the  number  of 
inhabitants  was  4,227,  of  whom  1863  were 
employed  in  trade  and  manufaifures.  10  m 
SSE.,Gloucefter,  28  WN W.London. 

Bislig,  a  tov;n  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Mindanao,  Lo?ig.  126,  i?.  E. 
Lat.  8.  6.  N. 

Bisniar'n,  a  to'A*n  of  Germany,  in  the  Old 
Mark  of  Brandenburg,  ii  miles  W.  Sten- 
dal.     Long.  II.  50.  E.  Lat.  y.  J9.  N. 


B  I  S 


B  I  S 


Bismeo,  or  Bhmea,  a  town  of  Africa,  In 
the  country  of  Algiers.    1 5  tn.  W.  Algiers. 

Bisnagar,  a  city  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
coantrvof  Myfore,  and  circar  of  Sanore, 
once  the  capital  of  a  mighty  kingdom  ;  for 
at  the  time  the  Europeans  firll  opened  a  pal- 
^w\z  to  the  Indic'^  by  fea,  the  great  peninfula 
without  the  Ganges  was  moftly  fubje^t  to 
the  Emperor  of  Bifaagar,  whofc  dominions 
extended  trom  the  frontiers  of  Oiiffa  to  Cape 
Comorin.  Tlie  air  is  very  hot,  but  v/mter 
nights  extremely  cold;  it  rains  every  year 
for  three  month?  together.  The  foil  is  fruit- 
ful, well  watered,  and  abounds  in  cattle  and 
deer,  alfo  in  lions,  tygers,  elephants,  and 
boars.  The  people  arc  well  Ihaped,  tawny, 
and  lazy;  yet  fome  very  ingenious  at  water- 
ing and  painting  of  calicoes,  the  chiel  trade. 
The  emperor  was  once  fo  powerful  as  to 
bring  into  the  field  34oohorfe,  76,000  foot 
and  600  elephants.  Bifnagar,  is  lituated  on 
the  river  Nigouden;  and  was  founded  in 
I  -;44,  by  Belaldeo  king  of  the  Carnatic.  In 
1^6;,  it'  was  lacked  and  ruined  by  a  confe- 
deration of  Mahratta  princes,  (ince  which 
time  it  has  been  deferted,  and  is  now  a  vaft 
heap  oFruins.  17a  m.  N.  Seringapatam,  and 
T-,2  S.  Viiiapour,  Long.  76.  E.  Lat.  15. 
CO.  N. 

BJsaafpour,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Hoogly.  65  miles  SSVV.  Calcutta. 
J.o'!^.  87.  44.  E.  /"-r^  ai.  48.  N. 

Bifnec,  a  country  of  Afia,  iituated  partly 
in  Kootan,  and  partly  belonging  to  Bengal; 
bounded  on  the  north  by  mountains,  on  the 
eall  by  Aifam,  on  the  fouth  by  the  Burram- 
pnoter,  and  on  tlie  weft  by  part  of  Bootan- 
Bifiiee,  from  which  the  whole  is  named. 
Bifnee  is  the  chief  town. 

Bifneji  a  town  of  liootan,  which  gives 
name  to  a  country  belonging  partly  to  Boo- 
tan,  and  partly  to  Bengal.  186  miles  E. 
Moorihcdabad,  116  SE.  Taifufadon.  Long, 
90.  4^'-E.     Lat.  26.  28.N. 

Bijraiiiipour,  a  town   of  Bengal,  in   the 

province  of  Palamow.      15    miles   NNW. 

I'alnmow.     Long.  84   3.  E.  LaL  24.  8.  N. 

]j{fi,  a  river  of  Prullia,  which  runs  into 

thePregel,  6  miles  S.  Jnfterburg. 

Bi!]h,  a  town  of  Scrvia,  on  the  Danube. 
16  niilesSSE.  Orfova. 

7>V/'/.'/^'-,  a  town  of  Croatia.  16  miles  NE. 
Agrani. 

lli':ldnpow\  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bahiu'.     5  miles  W.  Arrah. 

IjiJfiigOy  or  Bijfiinx,  an  ifland  in  the  At- 
lantic, near  the  weft  coaft  of  Africii,  and 
the  principal  of  the  clufter  called  Biffagos, 
cigluv  miles  in  circumference.  'I'he  ground 
jiji-s  impevceptibly  to  the  middle  of  the 
ifl  uhI.  The  foil  is  cultivated  and  fertile, 
abounding  with  levcral  forts  of  trees,  par- 
ticLilaiiv  iine  large  orange  and  mangroves 
cear  thclhor:;  ryrtuj^uefc  and  negroes  being 


intermixed  inhabitants.  The  ifland  Is  dl-" 
vided  into  nine  provinces,  eight  of  which  are 
governed  by  officers  appointed  by  the  fove- 
reign,  each  bearing  the  title  of  king.  Long. 
14.  10.  W.    I^af.  II.  24.  N. 

Blffagos,  or  Bijfaos  Ijlands,  a  clufter  of 
iflands,  near  the  weft  coaft  of  Africa.  255 
miles  S.  Cape  Verd.  Long.  15.  W.  Lat. 
ir.  ,^0.  N.  _  _         , 

Biffliree,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Bundelcund.  8  miles  SE.  Chatter- 
pour.     Z.5;;^.  80.  E.     Za/.  24. 53.  N.  , 

BilJendorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  th« 
bifhopric  of  Ofnabruck.  5  miles  SE.  Of- 
nabruck. 

Bijjintchar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.     28  miles  S.  Lucknow. 

Bijfentz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle 
ofHradifch.     5  miles  N.  Stralfnitz. 

BiJJingen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Oettingen  Wallerftin.  4  miles 
SSW.  Haarburg. 

Biffipour,  a  town  of  Bootan.  3a  miles 
E.  Amerpour. 

Bijjbah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
12  miles  E.  Kairabad. 

Biffoo,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guzcrat. 
22  miles  N.  Cambay. 

BiffooUe,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  and  prin- 
cipalplace  of  adiftridin  the  fubah  of  La- 
hore, on  the  Rauvee.  65  miles  NE.  Lahore. 
Long.  74.  57.  E.  Lat.  32.  22.  N. 

BiJJ'orc,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oriffa. 
22  miles  W.  Balafore. 

Bijjorv,  a  harbour  on  the  weft  coaft  of  tbe 
ifland  o^  Mandioly,  with  12  fathom  water. 
Long.  123.  40.  E.     Lat.  o.  18.  S. 

Biffow,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
of  Kiev.     3  miles  WSW.  Kiev. 

Biffo^jjlah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Rohilcund.  25  miles  W.  Bereilly, 
and  85  ESE.  Delhi.  Long.  79.  15.  E.  Lat. 
28.  17.  N. 

Bi'lfumpourgola^  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the 
province  of  Rajemal.  17  miles  N.  Rajemal. 
Long.  87.  52.  E.     Lat.  25.  20.  N. 

B/[fu7ipo;ci-.,  a  circar  of  Bengal,  hounded 
on  the  weft  by  Midnapour  and  Pachete, 
and  elfewhereby  Burdwan  ;  about  40  miles 
long,  and  nearly  as  much  in  breadth.  Bif- 
fumpour  is  the  capital. 

Bijfunpoiir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  and 
capital  of  a  circar  in  Ikngal.  65  miles  NW. 
Calcutta,  and  85  SW.  Mooi  iliedabad.  Long. 
87.  29.  E.     Lat.  23.  5.  N. 

Biifinipow,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Al- 
lahabad, at  the  union  of  the  Dewah  with 
the  Ganges.     50  miles  E.  Ga/.ypour. 

Billagno,  a  village  of  France,  in  the  de* 
partment  of  the  Tanaro.  In  1799,  the  Auf- 
trians  were  driven  from  this  place  by  the 
French.     4  miles  W.  Acqui. 

Bipani,  or  Bijlain,  a  town  of  Per(ia,iii 
the  province  of  Comas.     300  miles  W.  Herat, 


B  I  S 


B  I  V 


nnd  240  NNE.  Ifpahan      Long.  54.  30.  E. 
Laf.  .^5.  r,o.  N. 

Bi stein,  fee  Bischofste'm. 
Bijler,  a  town  oF  Swificrland,  in  the  Va- 
lais.     ,     miles  E.  Sion. 

B'ljlcrfelt,  a  town  of  "niflia,  in  Pomerclia. 
9  miles  "WSW.  MiinNnbiug. 

Bijlertz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle 
of  Brunn.     5  miles  NVV.  Brunn. 

Biflray  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  tlie  circle 
of  Chrudim.     6  miles  SSE.  Politzka. 

Bijlra,  a  river  which  rifes  in  Tranfylva- 
nia,  and  runs  into  the  Temes,  4  miles  N. 
Karanfebes. 

Bijiraca,  a  river  of  Circalfia,  u'hich  mns 
into  the  Cuban.  Long.  40.  z().  E.  Lai 
44.  45.  N. 

Bijiraia,  a.  town  of  Ruffian  Tartary,  ontlie 
W.  fide  oithe  Donet/.,  -/ora.  ENE.  Azoph. 
Bijlraia,  a.  river  of  Ruffian  1  artary,  which 
nins  into  the  Donetz,  64  m.  NE.  Azoph. 

Bijlraia,  a  river  of  Kamtchatka,  wliich 
itins  into  the  Bolchaia-raka,  oppolitc  Bol- 
cheretflcoi. 

Bijlriatika,  a  town  of  Ruffian  Tartary,  on 
the  S.  fide  of  the  Don.  100  m.  ENE.  Azoph. 
Bijiricz,  or  Bijiritz,  a  town  of  Tranlyl- 
vania,  and  capital  of  a  county,  to  which  it 
gives  name,  on  the  river  Briftiicz.  42  miles 
NNE.  Claufenbui-g,  256  E.  Vienna.  Long. 
2j.  54.  E.  Lat.  47.  14.  N. 

Bijiricz,  a  river   of  Tran'vlvania,  which 

runs  into  the  Samos,  4  miles  SW.  Kozorvar. 

Bijlritz,  a  town  of  Moldavia,  in  the  circle 

ofPrerau.  8  miles  ESE.  Prerau.     Lmg.  \-j. 

40.  E.  L3t.£,().  22. N. 

Bijlritz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle 
of  Brann.  6  miles  WSW.  Els  25  NNW. 
Bnmn.    Long.  16.  6.  E.  L-.it.  49.  .-^i.N. 

Bijiritza,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Moldavia,  on  a  river  of  the  fame  name.  20 
miles  SW.  Jaffj. 

Bijlritza,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
which  111ns  into  the  Sii-et,  6  m.  SE.  Bakeu. 

Bijlritza,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Walachia.    26  m.  WSW.  Kimnik. 

Bijiritza,  a  ri\er  oi  Walachia,  which  runs 
into  the  Tifmana,  7  miles  E.  Kitzelti. 

Biftriz,  a  tov.n  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Kaurzim.     4  miles  SW.  Benefchaw. 

Bijcroff,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Moftlle-  4  m.  NNE.  Morhange. 
Bijiry,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of 
Konigingratz.    10  miles  from  Gitschin. 

Bijhisi,  a  town  of  Georgia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Carducl.    30  miles  S.  Teilis. 

Bifuga,  a  river  of  Ruffian  Tartarv,  which 
runs  into  the  lea  of  Azoph,  48m.SW.  Eiflcoi. 
Bifuton,  a  mountain  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irak.     20  m.  NNE.Kirmanfliah, 

Bifutan,  a  town  of  Curdiltan.  25  miles 
NE.  Amadieh,  2,5  S.  Betlis. 

Bitch,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diltiijt,  in  the  department  of  the 
Vol.  I.  U 


Mofellc,  fituated  on  a  river  at  the  foot  of  the 
Vofges  mountains,  on  the  frontiers  of  Deux 
Punts.  It  was  taken  by  Loui?  XIV.  and  for- 
tified by  Vauban  ;  afterwards  it  was  difman- 
tled,  and  reftorcd  to  the  dutchy  of  Loraine. 
It  was  fortified  again  in  the  year  1740,  after 
tiie  bcft  manner.  It  was  the  capital  of  a 
county,  which  included  fifty  villages.  Oa 
the  20th  of  September,  1793,  the  Frencli 
were  defeated  near  this  town  bv  the  Duke 
of  B:-unfwick.  3  pofts  S.  Deux  Ponts,  5  a 
E.  Paris.     Long.  7.  31.  E.  Lat.  49.  4.  N. 

Bitejlh,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle 
of  Znaym.     42  miles  N.  Znajm.     Lo>(g. 
16.  9.  E.  Lat.  49.  18.  N. 
Bitdto,  fee  Bidetto. 

Bitford,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Warwick,  on  the  Avon.    7  m.  WSW. 
Stratford  upon  Avon,  loi  N'W.  London. 
Bithon,  lee  Beutken. 

Bito,  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  in  Ncgroland, 
eaff  of  Tombu(5fou. 

Bitofito,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  country 
of  Bari,  about  8  miles  from  the  Adriatic.  It  is 
the  fee  of  a  biHiop,  fufFragan  of  Bari.  Near 
this  tv.v/n  the  Spaniards,  under  the  command 
oi  the  Duke  of  Mortemar,  obtained  a  deci- 
five  victory  over  the  Aufl:rians,  in  1734,  by 
which  the  whole  country  of  Naples  fubmit- 
ted  to  the  crown  of  Spain,  7m.S.Bari,  u  SE. 
Trani.     Long.  16.  40.  E.  Lat.  41.  12.  N. 

Bitoiv,  or  Vottaii,  a  town  of  Moravia, 
in  the  circle  of  Znaym,  with  a  citadel  on 
the  Teya.     12  miles  WNW.  Znaym. 

Bitfcl^en,  a  town  of  Pnaffia,  in  the  territory 
of  Culm.     6  miles  N.  Strafburg. 
Bitfchen,  f.'e  Pitfchen.       ^   ' 
Bittendorjf,  a  town  of  Sileiia,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Neyize.    2  m.  N.  Otmuchau. 

Bitterfidd,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
eleftorate  of  Saxony,  fituated  on  the  Mol* 
dau.  16  ra.  S.Deffau,  18  SSW.  Wittenberg. 
Long.  12.  23.  E.  Lat.  51.  39.  N. 

Biitoimjah,  a  fmall  circar  of  Hindooftan, 
fituated  on  the  v/efh  of  Bah.ar,  and  iouth-ealt 
of  Benares. 

Bittrebund,  a  circar  of  Bengal,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Coos-Bcyhar,  on  the  eaft 
by  Rangamatty  and  Baharbund,  on  the 
Ibuth  bv  Baharbund,  and  on  the  weft  by 
Rungpour,  about  15  miles  long,  and  7  broad. 
Cooriah  and  Paradangah  feem  the  chief 
towns. 

Bivero,  fee  Vivero. 

Bivio,  a  town  of  SwilTerland.  2^  miles 
NNE.  Chiavenna. 

Bivona,  a  tqwn  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.    10  miles  NE.  Nicotera. 

Bizona,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of 
Mazara.  6  ra.  N.  Calata  Bellota.  Lo?ig, 
13.  36. E.  Lat.  37.41.  N. 

Bivoras,  or  Pedro  Shoals,  rocks  in  th« 
Spanifh  main.  30  m.  S.  Jamaica.  Long 
77.  to  78.  ao.  W.  Lat.  17.  i2.  N. 


B  I  Z 


B  L  A 


Bluraks,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Helfmg-    of  Morocco,   fituated  on  a  mountain,  in  a 


land.    15  NW.  Hudwickfwall. 

Biurgo,  atown  of  Sweden,  in  Weft  Both- 
nia.  45"  miles  NNE.  Umea. 

B'lurfaker,  a  town  of  Sweden  in  Helfing- 
land.     20  miles  NW.  Hudwiclcfwall. 

Bizantla,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Moldavia.     40  miles  SW.  Birlat. 

Bizeiiy  a  town  of  Abyflinia.  ao  m.  SW. 
Arkiko,  . 

Bizerfa,  a  feaport  town  of  Afnca,  m  the 


fertile  country.     75  miles  N.  Morocco. 

Bizya,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Romania.    50  miles  E.  Adrianople. 

Black  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth-eall  coaft  of 
Labrador.  Long.  56.  20.  W.  Lat.  51.  48.N. 

B/ack  Bay,  a  bay  in  the  north  part  of 
lake  Supericfur.  Long.  88.  10.  W.  Lat. 
48.  .-!6.  N. 

Black  Bay,  a  bay  in  the  Chefapeak,  on 
the  coaft  of  Virginia.      Long. ']^.   21.  W. 


kinrrdom  of  Tunis,  pleafantly  fituated  upon  Lat.  37.  9.  N 

a  canalj  betwixt  an  extenfive  lake  and  the  Black  Bay,  a  bay  in  the  Atlantic,  on  the 

fta.     It  is  about  a  mile  in  cir(?uit,  defended  coaft  of  Virginia.     Long.  76.  4.  W.  Lat. 

by  feveral  caftles  and  batteries,  the  principal  36.  35.N. 

of  which  are  towards  the  fea.     Bizerta  is  a  Blackhear  Llandf  Lake,  a  lake  of  North- 

corniption   of  the   Hippo   Diarrkytiis,   or  America,  full  of  fmall  iflands,  about  30  miles 

Zaritus,  of  the  ancients;  though  the  prefent  long,   and  from  5  to  10  wide.     Long.  105. 

inhabitants  derive  kfrom  their  own  language,  40.  W.   Lat.  55 .  40.  N. 


and  afBrm  it  to  be  fame  with  Benjhertd,  i.e 
the  offspring  of  a  canal  or  rivulet.  The 
lake  upon  which  Bizerta  is  fituated,  has  an 
open  communication  with  the  fea;  and  ac- 
cording to  an  obfervation  of  the  younger 


Blackbrook,  a  river  of  England,  which 
runs  into  the  Stour,  near  Loughborough,  in 
Leicefterlhire. 

Blackburn,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Lancafter,  fituated  on  theDerwent, 


Pliny,  is  either  continually  receiving  abrifk    with  a  weekly  market  onMondays.  In  1801, 
ftream  from  the  fea,  or  elfe  difcharging  one    the  population  was  11,180,   of  which  6707 


into  It.  In  the  hotter  feafons,  (nay  fome- 
times  when  the  weather  is  calm  and  tem.pe- 
rate  in  winter)  the  fame  phiEnomenon  that 
has  been  taken  notice  of  betwixt  the  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  and  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  is  to 
be  obferved  betwixt  the  latter  and  this  lake. 
The  channel  of  communication  betv,'ixt  the 
lake  and  the  fea  is  the  port  of  Hippo  Dar- 
rhytus,  whicii  ftill  receives  fmall  ^•ef^els ; 
though  itrnuft  have  been  formerly  the  fafeli 
as  well  as  the  moft  beautiful  haven  of  this 
part  of  Africa.  I'here  are  ftill  remaining 
the  traces  of  a  large  pier  that  was  carried 
out  into  the  lea,  to  break  off  the  north-eaft 
winds,  the  want  whereof,  together  with  the 


were  employed  in  manufaftures.  21  miles 
NNW.  Manchcfter,   203  NNW.  Londoq. 

Blackcave  Hi  ad,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Ireland,  in  the  Irifli  fea.  Long.  5.  43. W. 
jL(7/,  54.  54.  N. 

Black  Creek,  ariver  of  New  Jerfey,  which 
runs  into  the  Delaware,  Long.  75.  20.  W. 
Lat.  39.  25.  N. 

Black  Creek,  a  river  of  Georgia,  which 
runs  into  the  Savannah,  Lo7ig.  81.  18.  W. 
Lat.z%.  16.  N. 

Black  Creek,  a  river  of  South-Carolina, 
which  runs  into  the  Pedee,  Long.  79.  i^,. 
W.  Lat.  34.  22.  N. 

Black  Creek,    a  river  of  A^'irginia,  which 


great  avcrfion  in  the  Turks  to  repair  it,  will  mns  into  York  river,  Long.  77. 15.  W.  Lat, 

make  this  haven  ufelefs,  which  in  any  other  37.  34.  N. 

country  v/ould  be  inell:imable.     Befides  flih         Black  Doivn,   a   mountainous   diftrict  of 

and  fruit  of  all  kinds,  the  environs  abound  England,  in  the  fouth-weft  part  of  Somer- 

\\\i\\  corn,  pulfe,  oil,  cotton,  and  a  variety  of  fetlhire,  on  the  borders  of  Devonfliire,  about 

other   valuable  produ(5lions.     The  gulf  of  4  miles  S.  Wellington.     On  this  down  are 

Bizerta,  the   Sinus  Hipponenfis   of  the  an-  immenfe   quantities  of  flints   lying  in  vai^ 

cients,  is  a  beautiful   fuidy  inlet,  near  12  heaps,  upwards  of  60  yards  in  circumference, 

miles  in  breadth.    The  bottom  of  it  being  called  Robin  Hood's  Butts,  and  fuppofed  to 

low  gives  us  a  delightful  profpcfl ,  through  have  been    placed  over  the   graves  of  men 

variety  ofgiovcs  and   plantations  of  olive  who  fell  in  the  wars  between  the  Danes  and 


trees,  a  great  way  into  the  country  ;  but  to 
the  eaft  ward,  the  eye  is  bounded  by  a  high 
rocky  fhorc,  which  reaches  as  far  as  Cape 
Zibtet,  a  diftance  of  21  miles.  30  miles 
N.  Tunis.     Long.  9.  48.  E.  Lat.  37.  10.  N. 

Bizie,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Aube.     10  miles  NW-  Narbonne. 

Blzor.iies,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Iferc.  12  m.NW.  Moirans. 


Saxons. 

Blackfoot  Indians,  Indians  of  North-Ame- 
rica, about  Long.  iii.  Vl^  Lat.  53.  N. 

Blackford,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Perth,  which,  in  17 15,  was  burned 
by  the  rebels. 

Black  Forejl,  fee  Forejl. 

Blackhall  Head,  a  cape  at  the  fouth-weft 
coaft  of  Ireland,  at  the  north  fide  of  the  en- 


BiToorgat,   a  town  of  the   kingdom  of   trance  into  Bantry  Bay,   in  the   county  of 
Candahar.     70  miles  SW.  Cabul.  Cork.     Long.  9.  r,^.  W.  Lat.  si.  32.  N. 

Bizii,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom       Blackhead,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 


B  L  A 

Ireland,  at  the  north  entrance  into  Bclfaft 
Lough.    4  miles  NE.  Cirrickfcrgus. 

Blackhi'iidi  a  cape  on  the  ibuth  coaft  of 
Ireland,  on  the  weft  fide  of  Kinfale  harbour. 
J  miles  S.  Kinfale. 

Blackhead.,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Ireland,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  entiance  irito 
Gal  way  bay.   Lov.g.  9 . 1 1 .  W.  Lat.  5  .s  •  7  •  N. 

Blackhead,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Scotland,  in  the  county  of  Wigton.  6  miles 
WSW.  Stranraer. 

Blackhead,  a  cape  of  England,  on  the 
coaft  of  Cornwall.  L'yng.  5.  4.  W.  Lat. 
50.  I.N. 

Blackhead,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  New 
Zealand.     ^^  m.  NNE.  Cape  Kidnapper. 

Blackhead,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  co:.ft  of 
New  Holland,  forming  the  north-eaft  point 
of  port  Stephens.  1 2  ni.  NE.  Point  Stephens. 

Blackhead,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Labrador.  Long.  64.  5c.  W.  Lat.^iC).  '^%.'i^. 

Blackkeath,  an  open  and  elevated  fpot  of 
ground  at  the  north-weft  extremity  of  the 
county  of  Kent,  of  fome  celebrity  in  the 
hiftory  of  England.  In  the  year  1012,  the 
Danes  encamped  here  while  their  fleet  lay  in 
the  Thames,  near  Greenwich.  In  i;;9i,Wat 
Tyler  made  a  ftand  here,  as  did  Jack  Cade 
in  1450.  In  1450,  HenryVI.  encamped 
here  on  his  intended  meeting  with  Edward 
diike  ofYork.  In  1471,  the  baftard  Fal- 
conbridge  refted  here  widi  his  army;  and  in 
1497,  Lord  Audley  was  defeated  here  by 
Henry  VII.  In  1400,  Henry  IV.  met  here 
tlie  Greek  em.peroi"  Manuel  Paleologus,  who 
came;  to  folicit  fuccours  againft  the  Turks. 
In  1415,  the  mayor  and  aldermen  of  Lon- 
don met  Henry  V.  on  this  heath,  when  he 
ieturned  from  France  after  the  battle  of 
Agincourt.  In  1416,  the  citizens  met  here 
t'lc  Emperor  Sigifmund,  who  came  to  me- 
diate a  peace  between  France  and  England; 
and  in  1474,  thev  met  Edward  IV.  on  his 
return  from  France;  and  in  1541,  it  was  the 
place  of  meeting  between  Henry  VIII.  and 
Ann  of  Cleves.  Many  good  houfes  are  built 
en  the  heath ;  and  on  the  eaft  fide  is  Morden 
college,  an  holpital  ere(5ted  by  Sir  John  Mor- 
d.n,  a  Turkey  merchant,  leveral  years  before 
his  death,  which  happened  in  1708,  for  the 
reception  ofpoor,  decayed,  honeft  merchants, 
whereof  in  his  life-time  he  placed  12  there; 
and  the  number  not  being  limited,  they  are 
to  be  increafed  as  the  eitate  will  afixjrd;  for 
the  building  was  deiigned  for,  and  will  con- 
veniently hold  40:  at  the  death  of  his  lady, 
Sir  John's  whole  eirate  coming  to  the  college, 
the  number  was  increafed. 

Black  hland,  an  ifland  near  the  coaft  of 
America,  belonging  to  the  ftate  of  Rhode 
Ifland.     Long.  71.  .^5.  W.  Lat.  41.  7.  N. 

Black  Llands,  iflands  near  the  coaft  of 
Labrador.  Long.  56.  30.  W.  Lat,  ^i.  54.  N. 

Black  Jslands)  ice  Hey/an. 

Ua 


B  L  A 

Bljck  Mountains,  a  wkS.  of  Scotland,  in 
Argyleftiircfuijpofed  to  be  the  niofl  elevated 
public  load  in  Gicat-Britain,  between  Stir- 
ling and  Fort  William. 

Blackley,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lanca- 
fhire.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants 
was  a.361,  of  whom  1522  were  employed  in 
nianufadures.     4  miles  NE.  INIanchelter. 

BLuhiioor  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  Ille  of  Wight.  Long.  o.  s^.'W.  Lat. 
50.  40.N. 

Blackvioor  Hill,  an  eminence  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Wicklow,  near  BlafTington,  feized  by 
the  inliugcnts,  from  which  they  were  driven 
on  t!ie  ill  of  June  1798. 

Blacknefi  CajHe,^  an  ancient  fortrefs  of 
Scotland,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  Forth, 
near  Borov/ftounnefs.  This  is  one  of 
four  forts,  which,  by  the  Union,  are  to  be 
kept  in  repair.  It  has  a  governor,  a  lieute- 
nant-governor, and  a  fmall  garrifon. 

Black  Nib,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  on  the  eaft 
coaft  of  the  county  of  Down,  on  the  Irifh. 
fea.    Long-s,.  ^^.  W.  Lat.  54.  21.  N. 

Black  Point,  or  Saddle  Point,  the  fouth- 
weft  cape  of  Prince  Charles's  ifland,  in  the 
North  fea.     Long. 10,  33.  E.  Lat.  78  13.  N. 

Black  Pool,  a  village  of  England,  inLan- 
cafliire,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Irifli  fea,  with 
accommodations  for  fea-bathing.  4  miles 
SW.Poulton,  237  NNW.  London. 

Black  River,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which 
runs  into  Lough  Corrib,  8  m.  S.  Ballinrobe. 

Black  Jiiver,  a  river  of  the  ftate  of  Ver- 
mont, which  runs  into  the  Connedicut, 
Long.  72.  25.  W.  Lat.  £,•},.  15.  N. 

Black  River,  a  town  of  Newjerfey.  ai 
miles  NNW.  New  Brunfwick. 

Black  River,  a  river  of  America,  which 
runs  into  Honduras  bay,  Long.  8j.  28.  W. 
Lat.  ij.  .;5.N. 

Black  River  Lagoon,  a  gulf  on  the  coaft  of 
of  Honduras, Zwj^'-.85. 12. W.  Lat. i^.^o.  N. 

Jllack  River,  a  river  of  South-Carolina, 
which  runs  into  the  Pedee,  Long.  99. 5.  W. 
Lat.  23.  29.  N. 

Black  River,  or  Ouachita,  a  river  of  Loui- 
fiana,  which  runs  into  Red  River,  Long. 
92.  W.  Lat.  31.  30.  N. 

Black  River,  a  river  of  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Miifiirippi,  Lo2ig.  92.  3.  W. 
Lat.  43.  6.  N. 

Black  River,  a  river  of  America,  which 
runs  into  lake  Michigan,  Long.  85.  52.  W. 
Lat.  42.  4i-N. 

Black  River,  a  river  of  Canada,  which 
runs  into  lake  Superiour,  Long.  86.  52.W. 
Lat.  48.  40.  N. 

Black  River,  a  river  of  North-America, 
which  runs  into  Black  Bay,  in  lake  Supe- 
riour, ZsA'Cf.  88.  14- W.  Lat.  48.45.  N. 

Black  Rock,  a  finall  ifland,  near  the  foudi« 
eaft  coaft  of  Ireland,  in  St.  George's  cJian- 
nel.    4  miles  SW.  Irom  Carnfure  Point,  is 


B  L  A 


B  L  A 


the  county  of  Wexford.    Lcn^.  6.  27.  \V.        Blackivatir,  a  river  of  England,  which 

Z,at.  52. 10.  N,  rifes   near  Cranbourn  in  Dorfetfhire,    and 

Black  Rock,  a  rock  near  the  weft  coaft  of  joins  the  Stour  near  its  mouth. 


Ireland,  in  SligoBay. 

Black  Rocks,  rocks  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  weft  coaft  of  Ireland.  6  m.  NW.  from 
SLiddie-Head,  on  the  north  coaft  of  the  ifland 
of  Achil.     Long.  10.  9.  W.^'  Lat.  54.  4.  N. 

Blacrodst  a.   town  of  England,   in   Lan- 
caHiire,   with    1623    inhabitants,  of   whom 
155 1  were,  in  i8ot,  employed  in  manufac-    of  Cork, 
tures.     5  miles  S.Chorley.  Black^.uafer,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 

Black  Sea,  ox  Euxine  Sea,  an  inland  fea,    joins  the  TJottoway,  to  form  the  Chewan, 
or  large  lake,  partly  in  Europe,  and  partly  in    Long.  77. 2.  W.  Lat.  36.  -^o.  N. 


Blackivater,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Armagh.  5  miles  NNW.  Armagh, 

Black-water,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which 
runs  into  Lough  Neagh,  five  miles  NN£. 
from  Charlemont. 

Blackirater,  a  river  of  Ireland,  v.'hich 
runs  into  the  fea,  near  Youghal,  in  the  county 


Black-water,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
runs  into  the  fea,  at  Black  Bay,  Long.  76. 
lo.Vv''.  Lat.  16.  30.  N. 

Blackivater,  a  river  of  Maryland,  which 


Afia  :  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Ruffian 

governments  of  Ekaterinoflav  and  Cnucafus, 

on  the  eaft  by  Mingrelia  and   Georgia,   on 

the  fouth  by  Natolia,  and  on  the  weft  by 

European  Turkey.     The  Turks  would  not    runs  into  the  Chefapeak,  Long.  76. 15.  W. 

llifter  any  Europeans  to  navigate  this  fea;    Lit.T,Z.  24.  N. 

but  by  a  treaty  with  RulTia  in  the  year  1774,        Blackivater,   a  river  of  New  Hamplhire, 

they  were  obliged  to  permit  a  free  paliage    which  runs  into  the  Merrimack,  Zo;?^.  71.  38. 

for  veiTels  of  that  nation  to  pafs  by  the  ftraits    V/.  Lat.  43. 24.  N 


into  the  Mediterranean,  and  return.  The 
navigation  is  faid  to  be  dangerous  ;  perhaps 
fkilful  mariners  would  not  think  fo.  There 
are  but  few  good  har-  hours.  Long.  28. 
to  41.  E.  Lat.  40.  30.  to  46.  20.  N. 


BL-'denfi-.irg,  a  town  of  Maryland.  i3 
miles  W.  Annapolis. 

Blagaitj'ki,  a  town  of  Croatia.  10  miles 
NNW.  Slum. 

Blagnac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 


Blackfod  Bay,   a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on  par;ment  of  the  Upper  Garonne,  on  the  Ga- 

t\i  weft  coaft  of  Ireland,  between  the  Mullet  ronne.     3  miles  NW.  Touloufe. 

and  the  main  land  of  the  county  of  Galway.  Blagovetfchenjh/t,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the 

X^;;^-.  9.  48.  W.  Zt?/.  54v  7,  N.  government  of  Archangel,  near  the  fouth- 

Blackfod  Poi>:t,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  at  the  eaft  coaft  of  the  White  Sea.     70  miles  8V/. 

f.)uthern   extremity   of  the  Mullet,  in   the  Archangel. 

cjunty  of  Mayo,  at  the  entrance  into  Bl'ck-  Blain,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 

lod  Bay.    /.i//A'"-9-5--.W.  Zc/^  54.  6.  N.  place  of  a  diftrift,  in  the  department  of  the 


Blackjiairs,  mountains  between  the  coun- 
ties of  Wexford  and  Carlov/. 

Blackjlock''s-:Hill,  an  eminence  in  South- 
Carolina,  near  the  river  Tyger.  In  1 780,  an 
action  was  fought  licrc  between  the  Britiih 
under  General  Tarleton,  and  the  Americans 


Lower  Loire.  Near  this  town  the  Royalifts 
were  defeated  with  great  lofs,  by  the  French 
Republicans,  in  the  month  of  December, 
1793.  1 8  miles  NN  W.  Nantes,  40  S.  Rennes. 
Long.  I.  38.  W.  Lat.  47.  29.  N. 
Blaiv.ville,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 


under  General  Sumpter,  in  which  the  former    partment  of  the  Channel.     5  miles  W.  Cou- 


were  \vorfted 

Blackjlonc's  Ijland,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Vir- 
ginia, in  thePotomack.  Long.  76.  5c.  W. 
X^/,  38.16.  N. 

BLicktail,  a  great   faoal  of  fand,  on  the 


tances,  13  N.  Granville. 

Blainvillc-fur'l'Eau,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Meurte.  4  miles 
SW.  Luneville,  12  BE.  Nancy. 

Blair,  or  Blair  /It  hot,  a  town  of  Scotland, 


coaft  of  ElTcK,  whicli  runs  out  to  fea  for  fe-  in  the  county  of  Perth,  with  a  caftle  called 
yeral  mijes,  from  Shrewfbury  Nefs.  A  mark  Eiair-Caftle,  the  feat  of  the  Duke  of  Athol. 
iseTcacdatjhcend,  as  a  lea-mark.  ^       ^     ^   This  caftle,  ini644,  was  occupied  by  the 

Lund 
of  th 
and  yards 


ectcdatthcend,  as  a  lea-mark.  This  caftle,  ini644,  was  occupied  by  the 

lackwa,,,  a  village  of  England,  eaft  of  Marquis  of  Montrole;   and    in    1653,   was 

don,  to  which  It  inefRvn  joins,on  the  fide  ftormed  by  Daniel,  a  general  under  Oliver 

le  Thames,  long  celebrated  for  its  docks  Cromwell.     36  m.  N.  Perth,  80  S.  Invernefs. 


Blackivater,  a  river  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Jilffex,  which  rifcs  trom  Saffron- 
Walden,  and  is  at  lirft  a  continuation  of  the 
river  Pant ;_  incrcating  in  its  courie  by  the 
addition  of  other  rivers  and  brooks,  and 
clpccially  by  the  Chelmer,  at  Maiden,  it 
then  becomes  wide  enough  to  be  called  a 


Blair  Gonvrie,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in 
PcrthPaire.  It  is  the  borough  of  barony, 
and  holds  its  fccond  name  from  the  Gowrie 
family,  to  whom  it  formerly  belonged.  The 
manor-houfe  is  built  in  the  form  of  a  caftle. 
17  miles  N.  Perth. 

5/.-r,y2',  a  river  of  France,  which  nms  into 
the  Marnc,  near  Larzicour,  in  the  depart- 


bay,  and  ten  miles    below  joins  the   main    n~.ent  of  the  Marnc. 

occuji.  It  IS  ccicbraLcdicf  its  bcdsof  oyfters.        BLi/?,  a.  to-.vu  of  France,  in  the  depart 


B  L  A 


B  L  A 


ment  of  the  Upper  Marng.  iz  miles  NNW. 
Chaumor.t. 

Blaifois,  before  the  revolution,  :i  province 
of  France,  bounded  on  the  eaft  by  Orlcan- 
nois,  on  the  fouth  by  Berry,  on  the  weft  by 
Tourainc,  and  on  the  north  by  Vendomois 
and  Dunois.  The  country  is  accounted  one 
of  t:j.'-  nioft  agreeable  in  France.  Blois  was 
the  Ccipual. 

Blaifo7i,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  8  miles  SE. 
Angers. 

Blakenej,  or  Snlttcrlv,  a  village  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  htuated  on  a 
river  near  the  German  fc.'.,  with  a  fmall  har- 
bour for  vefiLls  which  trade  for  timber  and 
coals.  5  miles  NW.  Holt,  138  NNE. 
London. 

BlcUNorit.,  a  to'vn  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftr::'tj  ir.  the  Meurte.  13  miles 
E.  Luncville.  25  ii,,  i\'Ancy.  Long.  6.  55.  E. 
i>./.'.  48.  35- N. 

Blin--'o?!t,  a  tow:;  ot  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Doubs.  9  miles  SW.  Po- 
rentrui,  4  N.  St.  Ilypo'ite. 

Blanc-en-Bcnyy  ( Le,)  a  tcv/n  of  France, 
and  principal  place  ot  a  uiftrisft,  in  the  de- 
partmcntot  the  Indrc,  containing  about  4300 
inhabitants.  27  miles  WSW.  Chateauroux, 
18  W.  Argenton.  Long.  i.  8.  E.  Lat.  46. 
38.  N. 

Blanca,  a  fmall  ifland,  near  the  coaft  of 
Honduras.  Long.  86.  42.  W.  Lat.  15.  /lo.N. 

Blanca,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  bay  of  Hon- 
duras, near  the  coaft  of  Yucatan.  Long. 
S8.  20.  W.  Lat.  21.15.  N. 

Blaiica,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
rear  the  coaft  of  America.     Lat.  16.  30.  N. 

Blancay  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Mexi- 
co, near  the  coaft.  12  miles  SSE.  Vera  Cruz. 

Blaiica,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Caribbean 
fea,  about  100  miles  from  the  coaft  of  South- 
America.  Long.  63.  40.  W.  Lat.  II.  40.  N. 

Blanche  IJland,  or  Burnt  Ijlavd,  a  fmall 
ifland  in  the  Indian  fea,  near  the  coaft  of 
Adel.   /v'5;'^.47.  rj.E.  Z^^.  11.  10.  N. 

BLinckJiettin,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Aichftatt.  3  Ciiles  NNW. 
J3erngries. 

Blanckamer,  a  town  of  Brabant.  2  miiles 
S.Breda. 

Blariconi,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  caft  coaft  of  Africa.     Lat.  7.  40.  S. 

Blanlford,  or  Blanford  Forum,  a  tov/n  of 
England,  in  the  county  of  Dorfet,  fituated 
on  the  liver  Stour,  in  a  plain  and  fertile 
country.  Bimdford  is  ftyled  a  burgh  in 
nncient  records,  but  fent  members  to  parlia- 
ments only  twice  in  the  ivign  of  Edv/ard  III. 
Ralph  de  Uflicr  and  Roger  de  JManyngford. 
Its  antiquity  appears  from  I>oomfday-book, 
its  well  as  from  feveralfione  coffins  that  have 
•been  dug  up  here,  wherein  were  bones  of  an 
^Qorir.'jus  fize,   and  tl/;  head  o>  a  fpca.-, 


known  to  have  belonged  to  the  ancient  Bri- 
tons, fettled  here  before  the  arrival  of  the 
Romans.  It  is  governed  by  a  bailiff,  and 
ten  capital  burgeifes,  or  common-council ; 
who  have  pov/er  to  purchafe  and  enjoy  lands 
in  fee,  &c.  to  have  a  common  feal,  and  a  fcr- 
jeant  at  mace.  Few  towns  have  handfomer 
buildings  and  fltops.  I\Iarket-day  on  Satur 
day,  v.hich  is  fupplied  with  a  great  quantity 
of  butdier's  meat.  Sec.  The  principal  ma- 
nufa(5^ure  of  the  town  and  neighbouring  vil- 
lages is  that  of  thread,  waiftcoat  and  (hirt 
buttons,  which  employs  m.any  thouiand  wo- 
men and  children.  The  town  has  fuffered 
coaliderably  by  ieveral  great  fires,  one  before 
the  year  1579;  about  the  ye;ir  1677  was 
another.  In  the  year  1713,  the  lower  part 
of  Eaft-ftreet  was  confumed,  fuppofed  by 
fome  malicious  perlbn.  June  4,  1731,  the^ 
whole  town  (excepting  the  lov/er  part  of 
Eatl-ftrcet,  which  was  burnt  in  the  laft  fire,) 
was  deftroycd.  It  began  at  a  foap-boiler's, 
or  tallow-chandler's,  the  corner  of  Brian- 
ftone  and  White-cliffe  Mill  ftreets :  three 
fire-engines  were  burnt,  or  rendered  unfer- 
viceable,  in  a  Ihort  time  :  a  briflc  north-welt 
wind  carried  the  fire  into  diftant  parts  of  the 
the  town,  and  a  grocer's  (hop  blew  up,  hav- 
ing a  cailc  of  gunpowder  in  it,  by  which 
means  the  thatcn  was  blown  over  the  town, 
lb  that  in  the  fpace  of  a  quarter  of  an  hour 
pear  twenty  lioules  were  on  fire  :  the  wind 
(hifting  to  the  north-eaft  and  eaft,  carried 
the  flakes  to  every  other  part  of  the  tov/n, 
and  to  llie  adjacent  villages,  Blandford  St. 
Mary,  andBrianftone;  and  confumed  all  but 
three  houfes.  It  is  remarkable,  that  the 
houfcs  deftroyed  by  fire  in  1713,  and  re- 
built, were  not  burnt  in  the  fire  in  the  year 
1731  ;  fo  that  in  the  fpace  of  twenty  years 
the  whole  town  was  burnt,  except  a  few 
out-houfes.  The  fire  was  fo  violent  and 
rapid,  that  very  little  prdperty  was  fiived. 
Above  fixtyfamilies  had  the  fmall-pox  raging 
during  this  calamity,  none  of  which  periflled 
in  the  flames,  but  were  removed  under 
hedges  in  the  fields,  and  but  one  died.  The 
lofs  am.ounted  to  upwards  of  85,7261.  exclu- 
five  of  infurances.  In  the  year  1732,  an  aft 
of  parliament  pafTed  to  rebuild  the  town 
with  brick  and  tile.  Blandford  gives  title  of 
marquis  to  the  Duke  of  Mailbo.-ough.  In 
the  year  1756,  a  camp  was  formed  near  the 
town,  under  thccomm.and  of  Sir  John  Mor- 
daunt,  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  3cc.  Chrifto- 
pher  Pitt,  and  Creech,  tv/o  poets,  Lindefey 
archbifliop  of  Arma.gh,  V/ake  archbifliop 
of  Canterbury,  and  Lifle  bifliop  of  Norwich, 
were  natives  of  this  town.  The  number  of 
houfes  is  about  400,  and  inhabitants  2326. 
23  milts  W.  Salifbury,  105  W.  London. 

Blandfird,  a  town  of  Virginia,  in  <he 
Appomatyx.  j 8  miles  S.  Richmond.  Lonj^^ 
78.  »j.  VV.  Lat.  37.  i6.  N. 


B  L  A 

Blandford,  a  town  of  MalTachufets.  ii 
miles  WNW.  Springfield. 

Blanes,  (anciently  Blanda,)  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on  the  Mediterranean,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Tordera.  34  miles  NE. 
Barcelona,     /^c//^'.  2.  38.  E.  jL^/.  41.  42.N. 

Blangics,  a  village  of  France,  in  the 
departnVjnt  of  Jemappe,  near  which  was 
fought  the  battle  of  Malplaquet,  in  1709, 
between  the  French  and  the  Allies.  8  miles 
SE.  Mons. 

Blangis,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine.  20  m.  E.  Dieppe, 
14  NNE.  Neufchatel. 

Bia;:gy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Straits  of  Calais.  6  miles  KE. 
Hcfdin. 

Blangy,  a  town  of  Fiance,  in  the  depart- 
ment ot  the  Calvados.  24  mi\ts  E.  Caen,  4 
SE.PontrEveque. 

BLitjgudade,  a  village  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Somme,  at  a  ford  on  the 
Somme.  At  this  ford  Henry  V.  intended  to 
pafs  before  the  battle  of  Agincourt,  but  it 
was  too  well  guarded. 

Bljtikenherg,  a  i'enport  town  and  fortrefs 
of  Flanders,  lituaied  near  the  fea  coaft.  -  10 
miles  NE.  Oftend. 

Bla7:kenhergi  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of 
Berg.     20  miles  SE.  Cologn. 

Blankeuburg,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Sclnvartzburg  Rudolifadt,  on 
the  Rinne.  20  miles  S.  Weimar.  Long.  11. 
21.  E,  Lat.  50.  39.  N. 

Blaiikcnburg,  a  county  and  principality 
in  Lower  Saxony,  belonging  to  the  reigning 
houle  of  Brunfwick  V\''olfenbuttle,  for  which 
he  holds  a  feat  at  the  diet  of  the  empire,  and 
pays  twelve  rix-dollars  a  month.  It  is  about 
20  miles  long,  and  about  8  wide ;  lying 
partly  on  the  Harz  mountain,  and  partly  near 
It.  In  the  northern  part  it  is  fertile  in  corn, 
the  refl,  which  lies  on  the  Harz,  aboimds 
in  woods  widi  quarries  of  marble  aixd  iron 
mines. 

Blatikcnhurgt  a  town  of  Germany,  and 
capital  of  a  princij^ality  to  which  it  gives 
iiume,  in  w'.iich  are  held  courts  of  judicature. 
The  Duke  of  Brunfwick  Wolienbuttel  has 
a  palace  here.  7  miles  S.  Halberfladt,  7  ESE. 
Wernigrodc.  Long.  11.8.E.  Z(7/.5i.48.'N. 

Blnnkcvhayn,  \\  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Altenburg.  16  miles  ESE. 
Erf'ait.    Lovg.  II.  20.  E.  Lat.  50.  51.E. 

BlniikfnhchUi  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partmentcf  the  i\iKr,  heretofore  the  capital 
of  a  county,  in  the  bifliopric  of  Treves.  The 
prince  who  ri.iidcd  there,  paid  64  ilorins  for  a 
month,  and  72  rix-dollars  44  kreufzers  to  the 
imperial  chanibcr.  36  m.  NNE.  Treves. 
Lcug. 6. 3 7 .  E .  L<tt. 5 o. 3 2 . N. 

BUtnk.'nfce,  a  town  and  lake  of  Gcrmji.ny, 
in  the  Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  6  miles 


B  L  A 

BUmkenJlein,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Mark,  fituated  on  an  eminence 
near  the  Rhur.     13  miles  ENE.  Duffeldorp. 

Blar.kerfdorf,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Leitrneritz.     9  miles  W.  Leypa. 

Blauqiu'fort,  a  town  of  France,  in  \.hi 
department  of  the  Gironde.  5  miles  N, 
Bourdcaux. 

Blaiifko,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle 
ofBrunn.     10  miles  N.Brunn. 
..    Blantyre,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Lanerk- 
fhire.     2  miles  W.  Hamilton. 

Blanzac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gard.     3  miles  SSW.  Uzes. 

Blanzac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Charentc,  on  the  river  Nay. 
12  miles  SSW.  Angoulcime. 

Blaphofe,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  terri- 
tory of  Culm.     30  miles  ENE.  Culm. 

Blczregjtiesf  a  village  of  France,  in  th.e  de- 
partment of  Jemappe,  noted  for  a  battle 
fought  near  it  in  1709,  between  the  French 
and  the  Allies.  9  miles  S.  Mons.  See  Ma!- 
flaqiiet. 

Blarlnghem,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  North.  6  m.  SE.  St.Omer, 
4  WSW.  Hazebrouck. 

Biaf.j  Zelle,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Gotha,  in  which  is  a  manu- 
facture of  fire-arms.     16  miles  S.  Gotha. 

BlafviMit,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gironde.  20  miles  E.  B'a- 
mont,  10  N.  la  Reolle. 

Bhijh'ts,  or  Ferritcr  Ijlands,  a  duller  of 
iflands  in  the  Adantic  Ocean,  near  the  weft 
coaft  of  Ireland  ;  the  largeli  being  about  3 
miles  long,  and  about  half  a  mile  broad. 
This  ifland  lies  at  the  north  fide  of  the  en- 
tiance  into  Dingle  Bay.  Lojig.  10.  22.  AV. 
£rt/.52.5.N. 

Blataiia.  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  ia 
die  government  of  Trebilbnd.  5  miles  SW. 
Trebiibnd. 

Blatchi?!gn.vorth,  a  populous  village  or 
diilrict  in  Lancalliire,  forming  a  part  of  the 
tov.n  of  Huddersfield.     6  m.  NE.  Rochdale. 

Blatna.,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Prachatitz.  25  miles  N.  Prachatitz,  44 
SSW. Prague.  Long.z^-.^o.Y.. Zi?/.49. 26.N. 

Bhm,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  the  circle  of 
Swal)ia,  which  runs  into  the  Danube  at  Ulm. 

Blanbenren,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  the 
feat  of  a  fiiiall  bailiv/ick,  iltuated  on  the 
Blau.  7  miles  W.  Ulm.  Long.  9.  48.  E.  Lat. 
48.46.  N. 

BluHcnthid,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Erzgcbiig.  5  m.  SW.  Schwart- 
zenberg. 

BIdz'ct,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  fea,  oppolite  Belle  Ifle. 

Bluvi't,  fee  Port  Louis. 

Bhvtfddcn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Anfpach.  3  miles  NE.  G;t- 
hardlbron. 


B  L  E 

Blavignar,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment ot'  the  I.ozcrre.  6  miles  S.  St. 
Chely  d'Apchcr. 

BliiuJIuys,  a  town  of  Holland.  6  miles  W. 
Gertrudenberq. 

Blcvjzac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gard.     8  miles  N.  Nimes. 

Bljye,  or  Blayes,  afeaport  town  of  France, 
and  Icat  of  a  tribunal,  in  the  department  of 
the  Gironde,  fituated  on  tlie  right  (Jde  ofthe 
river  Gironde,  or  Gironnc,  near  its  conflux 
\vith  the  Dordogne.  It  contains  3000  inha- 
bitants, and  is  divided  into  Upper  and  Lower 
Tov/n.  The  citadi:l  has  four  baftions,  I'ur- 
rounded  with  p;ood  works,  and  deep  wide 
ditches  ;  it  is  likcwife  defended  by  a  fort 
c:died  Pate,  builtonanifland  in  tlie  Gironde, 
vh'ch  is  there  1900  toifes  wide.  VefTels  dc- 
poht  their  arms  and  cannon  at  Blaye,  before 
they  go  to  Byurdeaux.  20  miles  N.  Bour- 
deau:-c.     Long.  o.  34.  W.  Lat.a,^.  8.  N. 

Dlazey  Boy,  a  bay  in  theEngliih  Channel, 
on  the  fouth  coa'1:  of  the  county  of  Corn  wall, 
between  Fowey  and  Deadman  Point. 

BU'chi/iglsy,  a  imall  town  of  England,  in 
tlie  county  of  Surry.  It  is  a  borough,  and 
fjrids  two  members  to  parliament.  6  miles 
E.  Ryegate,  20  S.  London. 

Bhchwgtm,  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Oxford.  In  1645,  it  was  taken 
by  Oliver  Cromwell;  and  Col.  Windebank, 
who  commanded,  was  condemned  by  a  court- 
martial,  and  executed  as  a  coward.  7  miles 
N.  Oxford. 

Bleda,  a  tovv^n  ofthe  Popedom,  in  thePa- 
trimonio.     12  miles  S.  Viterbo. 

BLeda,  a  town  of  Algiers,  in  the  province 
of  Titterie,  furrounded  with  mud  walls,  an- 
ciently called  Bida.  ^3  miles  E.  Sherflicll. 
Lo>!g.  3.  8.  E.  Lat.  36'.  23.  N. 

Blcicherodcy  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Upper  Saxony,  and  lordfhip  of 
Lora.  It  is  a  fmall  town,  but  populous  and 
commercial,  ic  miles  SW.  Nordhaufen, 
10  N.  Muhlhaufen.  Long.  10.  zs-  E.  Lat. 
_5i.26.N. 

Bkichfdd,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Wurzburg.  6  miles  W. 
Volckach. 

Bkidev.Jladt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  NafTau  Saarbruck  Ulingen.  9 
miles  NNW.  Mentz. 

Bkinfddy  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principalitvJof  Aichftatt.  14  miles  N.  Aich- 
Itatt.     i8ES£.  Anfpach. 

Bleijlcin  or  Pleijleiuy  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  principality  of  Newburg,  with  a  lord- 
ihip  annexed,  a  iief  ofthe  kingdom  of  Bo- 
hemia. 2  2  miles  ENE.  Araberg.  Long. 
J2.2I.E.  Z^r.  49.  38.N. 

Blekede,  a  town  ol  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Luneburg,  on  the  Elbe,  ao  miles 
r.NE.  Luneburg. 

BUkingsn,  a  dillri(5l  of  Sv/e^en,  bounded 


B  L  E 

on  the  north  by  Smaland,  on  the  eafl  ami 
fouth  by  the  Baltic,  and  on  the  weft  by  Sca- 
nia, about  ninety  miles  in  length,  and  feven 
in  breadth  ;  the  country  is  mountainous,  but 
one  of  the  mofl  agreeable  in  the  kingdom. 
The  principal  trade  is  in  pot-alh,  pitch,  tar, 
tallow,  hides,  timber,  &c. 

Blcknast  a  Imall  ifland  at  the  entrance  of 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia,  near  the  coaft  of  f  inland. 
I^ong.  21.  8.E.  L^at.  62.52.  N. 

BkfUfau,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Yonne,  containing  about  1200 
fouls.     6  miles  NW.  St.  Fargeau. 

Blenheim,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  tlie 
principality  of  Neuburg,  celebrated  for  a 
vicftory  obtained  there  by  the  Englifh  and 
their  allies,  over  the  French  and  Bavarian", 
on  the  thirteenth  of  Auguft  1704.  The 
French  and  Bavarians  amounted  to  about 
60,000  men.  Marechal  Tallard  commanded 
on  the  right,  and  pofted  27  battalions  with 
twelve  fquadrons  in  the  village  of  Blenheim, 
fuppoflng  that  there  the  allies  would  make 
their  chief  effort ;  their  left  was  conduced 
by  the  Elector  of  Bavaria,  aflifted  by  Mar- 
fin,  a  Frent.!j  general  of  experience  and  ca- 
pacity. The  number  of  Englifh  and  their 
allies  did  not  exceed  55,000;  their  right 
was  under  the  diredion  of  Prince  Eugene, 
and  their  left  commanded  by  the  Duke  of 
Marlborough.  Tallard  was  furrounded  and 
taken  prilbner,  together  with  the  Marquis  dc 
Montperoux,  general  of  horfe  :  the  Major. 
Generals  de  Seppeville,  de  Silly,  de  la 
Valliere,  and  many  other  officers  of  difMnc- 
tiop.  This  was  one  of  the  mofl  glorious 
and  complete  vidories  that  ever  was  obtain- 
ed. 10,000  French  and  Bavarians  were  left 
dead  on  the  field  of  battle  ;  the  greater  part 
of  thirty  fquadrons  of  horfe  and  dragoons 
periflied  in  the  riverDanube ;  13,000  were 
made  prifoners,  zoo  pieces  of  cannon  were 
taken,  with  24  mortars,  129  colours,  171 
flandards,  17  pair  of  kettle-drums,  3600 
tents,  34  coaches,  300  laden  mules,  tv/o 
bridges  of  boats,  15  pontoons,  i?  barrels  and 
8  calks  filled  with  lilver.  Of  the  allies 
about  4500  men  were  killed,  and  about 
8000  wounded  or  taken.  This  is  indiffe- 
rendy  called  the  battle  of  Hochftatt  and 
Blenheim.  2  miles  NE.  Hockllatt,  8  SW. 
Donauv/crt. 

Blenkenfop,  an  ancient  caftle  of  England, 
in  Northumberland,  on  the  river  Tippal, 
built  for  the  defence  of  the  borders,  and 
garrifoned  in  the  time  of  Edward  VI.  a 
miles  NW.Haltwhiflle. 

Bkr.od,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meurte.  5  miles  S.  Tcul,  14 
SW,  Nancy. 

Blecnne,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Durance  near  Mees,  in  the  depart- 
njent  ofthe  Lower  Alps. 

BlerancQiirty  a  town  of  France,  ii\  the  de- 


B  L  I 

partment  of  tlie  Ailiie.    6  miles  S.  Chauny, 
10  NVV.  Soiflons. 

Blere,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  tlie   Indre   and  Loire,   containing 
about  1400  inhabitants.     6  miles  S.  Amboife,  , 
12  ESE.  Tuurs. 

Blerglesi  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.     8  miles  SW.  Poix. 

Blerville,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart - 
mentof  tlie  Vofges.  5  miles  E.  La  March, 
az  WSW.  Epinal. 

Bl'/chino,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Konigingratz.  3  miles  E.  Koni- 
gingratz. 

Bli-fd/t,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
ofPofen.     48  miles  W.  Pofen. 

Blejle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Loire,  lituated  on  the 
Alaignon,  and  containing  two  parillies.  i3 
miles  N.  St.  Flour,  10  W.  Brioude. 

BleJJl/igtoii,  a  town  of  Ire'and,  in  the 
county  of  Wicklow,  which,  before  the  union, 
fent  two  members  to  the  Irilh  P.uliament. 
j  miles  SW.  Naas,  20  NW.  Wicklow. 

BL't,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
m.nt  of  the  Cher.     18  miles  S^..  Bourges. 

Bldhvanff  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
part uentof  the  Jura.  6  miles  NW.Lons-lc- 
Sauniere. 

Bkvio,  a  town  of  Swifferland,  in  the  Gri- 
fons.     iz  miles  SE.  Furllenau. 

Blevy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  -depart- 
meat  of  the  Eure  and  Loire.  9  miles  SSW. 
Dreux. 

BkxeJiy  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  county 
of  Oldenburg.     30  miles  NNE.  Oldenburg, 

BL-yinarcU  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lozerre.     10  m.  E.  Mendc. 

BLyJiatt,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Saatz.  9  miles  WNW.  Elnbogen,  75 
W.Prague.  Long.  12.^52.  E.  Z.(7/.50. 14.N. 

B!cyi'ive!ch,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifliopric  of  Padei  burn.  4  miles  S.  Wun- 
nenberg. 

Blcysnxjick,  a  town  of  Holland.  8  miles  N. 
Kotterdam. 

Blii's,  a  river  of  France,  which  riles  about 
Amilcs.N.  St.  Vendel,  in  the  department  of 
t'.ic  Sarrc,  and  runs  into  the  Sarre  near 
farccueniinef?. 

BlU'i-CaJlcly'x  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
raitmer.t  of  theTonnerre.  10  miles E.  Sar- 
Li  lick,  5  W.  Deuxponts. 

BUgh''!  Cap,  or  Bllgl/s  Night  Cap,  a 
fmall  ifland  in  the  .Southern  Paciiic  Ocean, 
near  Kcrguclcn's  land.  This  ifland.  is  by 
Kerguelen,  who  difcovcred  it  before  Cant. 
Cook  paifed  il  in  177;,,  called  the  ifland  of 
'Rendezvous.  Capt.  Cookliiys,  "  but!  knovs^ 
•nothing  that  can  rejidczvous  at  it  but  fowls 
of  the  air,  being  inaccelliblc  to  every  other 
animal,     l.cng.  68.  40.  K.  Lat-  48.  29.S. 

Blights  IJLvid,  an  ifland  in  the  north  part 
of  Prmce  William's  Sound,  near  the  well 


B  L  O 

coaft  of  North-America,  about  twenty  miles 
in  circumference.  Long.  213.  43.  E.  Lat, 
60.  52.  N. 

BUgnyfur  Ouche,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  departiiient  of  the  Cote  d'Or.  9  miles 
NW.  Bcaune. 

Blikovjkoi,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Frozen 
Sea.     Lol!g.l^^.  14.  E.  Lat.  71.  30.  N. 

Blind  Harbour,  a  bay  on  the  ibuth  coall  of 
Ireland,  in  the  cou'ty  of  Cork.  Lo/ig.  9.  4. 
W.  Lat.  51.  3 I.N. 

Blis,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Diarbckir,  on  the  Euphrates. 
20  miles  WSW.  Racca. 

Blitas-,  (Las,)  a  clufter  of  fmall  iflands 
in  lake  Nicaragua.     16  m.  SE.  Grenada. 

Blithe,a.  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  Trent,  4  miles  NE.  Lichfield. 

Block  Ijland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlan- 
tic, near  the  coafl  of  Connedicut.  Long. 
71.  30.  W.  Lat.  AT-  8.N. 

Bloczyll,  or  Bhczyllfchans,  a  town  and 
fort  of  Holland,  in  the  Itate  of  Overiifel, 
fituated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Steenwycker 
Aa,  where  it  enters  the  Zuyder  fea,  with 
an  harbour  capable  of  containing  200  vefTels; 
defended  with  fix  baflionsjand  well  fortified; 
built  by  the  Dutch,  at  the  commencement  of 
the  republic,  to  defend  diem  from  tlie  inva- 
fions  of  the  Spaniards.  32  miles  WNW. 
Covorden,  2S  S.  Lewarden.  Ls?ig.  5.  53.E. 
/..?/.  52.45- N. 

Blohhofcn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Culmbach.  8  m.  S.  Culmbach. 

Bloii,  a  city  of  France,  and  capital  of  the 
department  of  the  Loire  and  Cher.  Before 
the  revolution  the  fee  of  a  biihop,  fuif  ragan 
of  the  archbifliop  of  Paris ;  the  feat  of  a 
lieutenant-general,  a  graud  bailiwick,  and 
capiud  of  the  Biaifois,  once  the  abode  of  the 
kings  of  France.  The  principal  commerce 
is  in  wine  and  brandy.;  the  principal  manu- 
faif:ure,  ferges  and  ticke'n.  The  number  of 
inliabitants  is  about  15,000.  There  are  fe- 
veral  fountains  in  difl-err;t  parts  of  the  town, 
fupplied  by  an  aqueduil:,  fuppofed  to  have 
been  erected  by  the  Romans.  The  caftle 
is  celebrated  for  being  th.e  place  where  Louis 
XIL  was  born,  and  where  the  Duke  of  Guife, 
and  his  brother  the  cardinal, v/ere  aflaflinated 
at  a  meeting  of  the  flates,  by  order  of  Henry 
IIL  on  the  23d  of  December,  i;  8  7.  7  poits 
SW. Oilcans,  21^  SW.  Paris.  '  Long.  i.  25. 
E.  Lat.  47.  34.  N. 

BUmherg,  a  town  of  Gerniany,  in  the 
county  of  Lippe.  22  miles  NNE.  Pader- 
burn,  8  SE.  Lemgow.  Long.  8.  51.  E.  Lat. 
51.56.N. 

Bloiuehcbn,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  tlie  dif- 
tri^t  of  Bahus. 

Bhnui Sound,  a  r-arrow  ffiait  of  the  North 
Sea,  between  the  iflands  of  Yell  and  IJnft. 

Blovio,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Both- 
nia, between  tJve  ifland  of  Alund,  and  the 


B  L  U 

conll  of  Finknd.  Lon^.  20.  73.  E.  LLit. 
6g.  31.  N. 

Blona^,  a  barony  and  caftle  of  SwifTcrland, 
in  the  canton  of  Berne,  about  i^  mile  from 
the  lake  of  Geneva.     2  miles  NE.  Vcvay. 

Blondvanry,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment oi  the  Charente.  \r^  miles  E. 
Confolens. 

BlonJc,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
of  Tfcherflc.     16  miles  W.  Warfaw. 

Blouiza,  a  river  of  Silefia,  wJiich  runs  into 
riie  Oder,  8  miles  below  Oppeln. 

Blondy-Bayy  a  bay  on  the  north  (idc  of 
the  iiland  of  Egmont,  or  New  Guernfey, 
well:  of  Harvey's  Point. 

Bloody  IJland,  an  ifland  in  the  harbour  of 
Port  Mahon,  in  the  iiland  of  Minorca. 

Blood  Indians,  Indians  of  North-America. 
L^ng.  1 23.  W.     Lilt,  Si-  20.  N. 

Bloody  Point,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-wefl 
coall  of  theifiandof  St.Chriftopher's.  Lotyg. 
63.41.W.     Z«r.  17.  24.N. 

Bloody  Farliind Point,  a  c;ipe  on  the  north- 
well:  coail:  of  Ireland,  in  the  county  of  Do- 
negal. T^t,  m. WNW. Londonderry.  Lojig. 
8.  II.  W.     Lat.  ss.  10.  N. 

Bloody  Bay,  a  channel  of  the  Caledonian 
fea,  between  the  iflands  of  Mull  and  Icolm- 
kill.     Long.  6.  33.  W.     Lat.  56.  20.  N. 

Blooiuingdale,  a  town  of  Ncw-Jerfey.  10 
miles  NNE.  Morriftovvn. 

Blooming-Grove,  a  town  of  New- York,  in 
the  county  of  Orange.  42  miles  N.  New- 
York.     Long.  74.  20.  W.     Lat.  41.  24.  N. 

Blorc-Heath,  a  place  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Stafford,  on  the  borders  of  Shrop- 
flilre,  where  a  bloody  battle  was  fought  be- 
tween the  Yorkifts  and  Lancaftrians,  on  the 
23d  of  September  1459,  between  Drayton 
andEcclefbal.  The  formerwerecommanded 
by  the  Earl  of  Salifbury,  the  latter  by  Lord 
Audley.  The  Lancallrians  were  defeated 
with  the  lofs  of  their  general,  and  2400  men 
killed  in  the  field. 

Blot  VEglise,  or  Blot  le  Roche,  a  town 
of  France,  in  the  department  of  the  Aliier. 
10  miles  W.  Gannat. 

Bhtno,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Wilna.     16  miles  N.  Lida. 

Blonvitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Pilfen.     10  miles  SSE.  Topel. 

Blousre,  (La,  J  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  9 
mil-sNW.  Chollet. 

Bloyc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Upper  Rhine.     3  miles  N.  Befort. 

Bluckivelt-Bay,  or  Blueficld-Bay,  a  bay 
on  the  eaft  coaft  of  Nicaragua.  Lofig.i^. 
10.  W.    Lat.  II.  40.  N.  ^ 

BluC'Ground  Range,  rocks  in  tlie  bay  of 
Honduras,  near  the  coall  of  Mexico.  Lo?!g. 
88.35.W.    Zrt/.  16.  50.  N. 

Blue-Ridge,  or  South  Mountains,  a  range 
of  motjntains,  beginning  in  North-Carolina, 


B  L  Y 

and  croffingthe  ffate  of  Virginia,  from  north 
to  foLich,  about  200  miles  from  the  lea,  and 
about  40C0  feet  in  height.  Lo?ig.  78.30.  W. 
Lat.  1,%.  30.  N. 

Blue  River,  a  river  of  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio,  Long.  86.  52.  W.  Lat. 
3  7-55-N. 

BluefieLVs-Bay,  a  bay  on  the  Ibuth-wefl 
of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica.     LoJig.  79. 59.  W- 

Z.'Ti'.  l3.  ID.  N. 

Blue  JVater,  a  river  of  Georgia,  which 
runs  into  the  Tcnnafee,  Long.  87.  34.  W, 
Lat.  34.  41.  N. 

Bliijf  Point,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  North- 
Carolina.     Z^;?^.  76.  39.W.   Z-i^/.  36.  3.N. 

Blum,  a  town  of  PruiTia,  in  Pomerelia. 
3  miles  NE.  Marienburg. 

Blnniherg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  thq 
circle  of  Swabia,  and  lordfhip  of  Baar.  10 
miles  N.  Schaffhaufen,  13  SW.  Duttlingen. 
Zj/nf.  8.  29.E.     //c//.  4  7' 53 -l^' 

BliLmenaii,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Calenberg,  on  the  Aue.  10 
miles  NW.  Hanover. 

Blumenau,  a  town  of  PrufTia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ermcland.     15  miles  S.  Elbing. 

Blumenfcld,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Swabia,  belonging  to  the  Teutonic 
Knights.  21  miles  NW.  Conflance,  8  NNE. 
Schaffhaufen. 

Blianenthal,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Neyfze.     4  m.  SW.  Neyfze. 

Blumenthal,  or  Plumenthal,  a  tov/n  of 
Germany,  in  Bavaria.     2  miles  S.  Aicha. 

Bluiueritbaly  a  town  of  thedutchy  of  Bre- 
men.    12  miles  NW.  Bremen. 

Blumcnjlein,  a  town  of  Swiflerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne.     11  miles  SSE.  Berne. 

Bluttaiv,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  Ermeland^ 
5  miles  S.  Frauenburg. 

Bl';ri?tg's  Sound,  or  Port  Andreivs,  a  bay 
on  the  well:  coaft  of  North-America.  Long, 
211.  E.     Zyc//.  59.  28.  N. 

Blyfoog,  a  river  of  South-Wales,  which 
runs  into  the  Tivy,  about  3  miles  SSE. 
Cardigan. 

Blytk,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county  of 
Notungham,  with  a  weekly  market  onThurl^ 
days,  and  hardly  600  inhabitants.  Here  was 
formerly  a  caftle,anda  prioryof  blackcanons. 
3  m.  N.  Nottingham,  1 50  NN  W.  London. 

Blyth,  ox  Blyth-Nc:k,  a  fmall  feaport  of 
England,  on  the  coaft  of  Northumberland, 
Its  chief  trade  is  in  coals  and  fait.  In  the 
year  1776,  theexportof  the  former  amount- 
ed to  14, coo  chaldrons,  and  of  the  latter  to 
250  tons.     Lo7ig,  I.  34.  W.  Lat.^S'  i-N. 

Blytk,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  German  Ocean  near  Southwold,  Suffolk. 

Blyth,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  Tame,  about  a  mile  from  Colefhiil  in 
Warv.'ickfliire. 

Blyth,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  leu  iicar  Blyth,  in  Nyithumberland. 


BOB 


BO  C 


B!:  thhorough,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
ccuniy  ot  Suffolk.  This,  tiiough  now  a 
ftriali  place,  V/..3  formerly  a  confiderable 
town,  as  appi'.rs  from  a  number  of  urns  and 
oiricr  ani.quiaes  dug  up  in  1678.  At  this 
to  vn  was  buiied  Anna,  a  Chriftian,  killed 
by  Penda.  10  miles  S.  Beccles,  98  NNE. 
Xondon.  . 

Ehihc,  a  river  of  England,  which  rifes 
near'Cheadle  in  StafFordlhire,  and  runs  into 
the  Trent  ;ib  jur  5  miles  E.  Rugely. 

Bo,  a  clufter  of  fmall  iilands  in  the  Eaft- 
Indian  fea.     Lojig.izb.io.'S..  Lat.i.i-j.S. 

Boad,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  OrifTa,  on  the  river  Mahanada.  ss 
miles  SSE.  Sumbulpour,  100  W.  Cattack. 
Long.  84.  II.  E.     LiJt.  20.  40.  N. 

Boab'nijhi  Rocks,  rocks  in  the  Atlantic, 
neai  the  weft  coait  of  Ireland,  a  miles  N. 
from  Inifmurry  Ifland.  Long.  8.  2S-  W. 
Lat.  54.  27.  N. 

Boa}!a>i,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  north-eaft 
coalf  of  Borneo.  Lo7!g.  i\2,.  iZ.'E.  Lat. 
6.  12.  N. 

Boanfah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Berar. 
10  miles  SE.  Aurungabad. 

Boa)  i,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
coaft,  where  the  Dutch  had  a  fa<ftory,  after- 
wards removed  to  Sama. 

Boat  Ijland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of 
St.  Laurence,  near  the  fouth  coaft  of  Labra- 
dor.    Long.  60.  IS'  ^ •     Lat.  50.  2.  N. 

Boavijia,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
government  of  Para.    25  m.  Vv'SW.  Curupa. 

Boh  an,  a  town  of  Arabia.  32  miles  S. 
Saade. 

Boharno,  or  Bcvanio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  department  of  the  Bcnaco,  on  the  Chiefa. 
3  miles  WNW.  Salo. 

Bohhlo,  a  town  of  Italy,  and  capital  of  a 
dil^ritfl  in  the  Paveie,  iituated  on  the  Trebia, 
the  Ice  of  a  bifliop,  luffragan  of  Genoa.  24 
miles  SSE.  Pavia,  jo  NE.  Genoa. 

Bobbh,  a  river,  lee  Biohiu. 

Bohcnkatisen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  prmcipahty  cf  Upper  Htfl'e.  17  miles 
E.  Giden. 

Bcbciihause?!,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  cf  Han;vj-Mur.zer.bcrg,  or  the  Gerf- 
prit7..     12  m.  S.  Jlanau,  13  NE.  Darmftadt. 

BobcTu:viikiriheji,  atownof  Uppei  Saxony, 
in  ihc  Vogiland.     6  miles  SW.  Oelfnitz. 

B-.bcr,  a  livcrcf  Kilcfia,  which  rifes  in  the 
fouth  pi'.rt  of  the  principality  of  Jauer,  paifes 
by  H.rfchbcrg,  Luwcnberg,  Buntzlau,Sagan, 
"N'aun-.burg,  &.c.  and  runs  into  the  Oder,  near 
Crofleii. 

Bobfrava,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  tha  pala- 
tinate of  Culm.     4  miles  NW.  Strallmrg. 

Bcberitsch,  a  river  of  Saxony,  which  runs 
into  liie  r^reybcrg-Mulda,  near  Rufzvvcin. 

Boberli-,  a  river  of  Silelia,  which  runs  into 
the  Bober,  3  miles  aiiovc  Buntzlau. 

Bd'ojheri^i  a  town  of  Ucrniaoy,  in  tha 


dutchy  of  Croflen.    6  miles  S.  CrofTen,  7s 
ESE.  Berlin.    Long.i^.d.V..  Lat. ^t.z.ii. 

Bobilee,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Hindooftan, 
in  the  circar  of  Cicacole ;  the  relidence  of 
a  polygar.  In  1 75  7,  this  place  was  attacked 
by  the  French  ;  the  polygar  and  all  his  fol- 
dier?,  after  putting  their  wives  and  children 
to  death,  died  lighting  fword  in  hand.  Onty 
one  fon  of  the  polygar  was  faved,  unknown 
to  the  father.     30  miles  NW.  Cicacole. 

Bohlingen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Thu- 
ringia.     14  miles  S.  Sangerfliaufen. 

Bobitngcn,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  on  a 
lake.     7  miles  SSW.  Stuttgart,  7  SE.  Weil. 

Bobr,  a  river  of  Lithuania,  which  runs 
into  the  Dnieper,  12  m.  SSE.  Rohaczow. 

Bobre,  a  town  of  Auftrian  Poland,  in  Ga- 
licia.     8  miles  S.  Lemberg. 

Bobritzsch,  a  town  of  Upper  Saxony, 
and  country  of  Erzgebirg.  4  miles  SE. 
Freyberg. 

Bobro-vja,  fee  Ob)\7zva. 

Bobroivka,  a  river  of  Moravia,  which  runs 
into  the  Schwartza,  12  miles  NW.  Brunn. 

Bobroivnik,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Lublin.  24  miles  WNW.  Lublin. 

Bobrusfk,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Minflc.     32  miles  W.  Rohaczow. 

Boca  ds  Alcatraccs,  a  narrov/  channel  be- 
tween Ibme  fmall  iflands,  near  the  north 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  Long.  79.  30. 
W.     Lat.  23.  N- 

Bocabrilo,  a  town  of  North-America,  in 
New  Navarre.     65  miles  E.  Cinaloa. 

Boca  de  Canavera,  an  inlet  of  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  on  the  fouth-weft  coaft  of  tlw 
iflands  of  Quadra  and  Vancouver.  Long. 
335.  8.  E.     i.rt/.  49.  N. 

Boca  dc  Carabelas,  a  channel  between^ 
fome  linall  iflands,  near  the  north  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Cuba.  Lc?!g.  78. 52.  W.  Lai. 
22.  28.  N. 

Boca  de  Carakelcs  le  Chkas,  a  channel 
betv.'ccn  two  fmall  iflands,  near  die  nortli 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  Long.iT.  2. 
W.     Z^7/.  21.  50.N. 

Boca  de  Carangcra,  a  name  gi\'en  to  the 
weftern  entrance  of  the  rivtr  Cambodia. 

Boca  de  Cazavatcs,z  channel  between  twt> 
fmall  iflands,  near  the  northcoaftof  the  ifland 
of  Cuba.     Long.  2o.^A\    Lat.  23.  10.  N.  I 

Boca-Chica,  a  channel  or  entrance  into  the       1 
harbour  of  Carthagena,  in  South-America.  1 

Boca  Cl'ica,  a  cliannel  between  two  fmall 
iflands,  near  the  north  coaft  of  the  ifland  of 
Cuba.     Long.  79.  23.  W.     Lat.  22.  54- 1^"^- 

Boca  de  Chiriqui,  a  channel  of  the  Spanifh 
Main,  which  forms  the  entrance  into  Chiri- 
qui Lagoon.  Long.%\.a,s.W.  Z^i.!'.  8.56.N. 

Boca  del  Drago,  (La,)  the  channel  of 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  between  the  ifland  of 
Trinidad  and  the  continent  of  America,  1(> 
called  by  Columbus. 

Jboca  dd  Dra^o,  the  weft  entrance  into 


B  o  c 


BOD 


.^jjTiirante-Bay.     Long.  82.  ao.  W.    Lat. 

^.  8.  N. 

M:ra  Efcondida,  a  bay  of  North-America, 
xn  the  bay  of  Campechy,  on  the  coaft  of 
Yucatan.    Lat.  iZ.  so.  N. 

Boca  Grand,  a  bay  of  North-America,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Zucar,  on  the  fouth- 
caft  coaft  of  Cofta-Rica.     /,.//.  ic.  50-  N, 

Boca  Nicolas,  a  channel  between  the  iflands 
■of  Bue  and  Nicolas,  on  the  north  ccif:  of  the 
ilhmdofCuba.  Lo;!g.jc).2.(>-'W.  Laf. 2^.10. 

Boca  N^urju,  a  channel  between  fome 
fmall  iflands,  near  the  north  coaft  of  the 
ilknd  of  Cuba.    Long.    79.  10.  W.     Lat. 

21.  AS-  N. 

Boca  de  Padre,  a  channel  between  fome 
fmall  iflands,  near  Uie  nortli  coaft  of  the 
idand  of  Cuba.  Long.  80.  iz.  W.  Lat. 
23.  18.  N. 

Boca  Segura,  a  channel  bciwccn  fome 
fmall  iflands,  near  the  N.  coaft  of  the  ifland 
of  Cuba.     Long.  78.  35.  W.     Lat.  22.  24. 

Boca-Ttgris,'^  narrow  paiTage  forming  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Pe-kiang,  through  which 
veifels  pafs  to  Canton.  It  is  about  a  muflvet 
Jhot  acrofs,  formed  by  two  points  of  land, 
on  each  ct  which  is  a  fort. 

Boca  del  Toro,  a  channel  of  the  Spanifli 
Main,  which  enters  into  Almirante  Bay, 
eaft  of  the  ifland  of  Bocaloro.  Long.  82. 
8.  W.     Lat.  9.  6.  N. 

Bocagc,  before  the  revolution,  a  fmall 
country  of  France,  in  Normandy,  of  which 
Vire  was  the  capital. 

Bocalieu,  a  fmall  ifland,  near  the  eaft 
coaft  of  Newfbiuidland.  Long.  52.  26.  W. 
I^at.  48.   15.  N. 

Bocaloro,  an  ifland  in  the  Spanifli  Main, 
rear  the  coaft  of  Vtragus,  about  30  miles  in 
circumference,  at  the  entrance  into  Almi- 
lante-Bay.  Long.  82. 16.  W.  Lat.q.  12.  N. 

Bocas,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  Lo7ig.  94.  16.  W. 
Lat.  18.  18.  N. 

Bocas,  {Las,  J  a  town  of  North-America, 
in  New  Bilcay.     120  miles  E.  Parruh 

Bocas,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  Bra- 
zil.    20  miles  NW.  Canuto. 

Bocas,  fee  Gnanapu. 

Bocaults  Bay,  a  bay  in  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  on  the  coaft  of  Patagonia.  Mon- 
lieur  Bougainville  anchored  here  m  1767. 
Long,  of  the  anchoring  place,  71.  6.  W. 

Bocca,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  the  Mincio,  on  the  Comesfazza.  5  miles 
NN£.  Sab'onetta. 

Bscchianico,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Citra.     3  miles  SE.  Civita  di  Chieta. 

Bich,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Meufc,  live  miles  below  Dinant. 

Bockeini,  or  Bc'chiun,  fee  Bockum. 

jSfi:/fi'//i-?,achain  of  mountainsjor  morcpro- 
pcrly  a  palfige  mthe  great  road  wIiichctofTes 
the   ch;iin    of   mountaini    betvvcen  Genoa 


and  Lomfcardy.  This  defile  is  in  fome 
places  fo  narrow  that  fcarce  three  pcrlbns 
can  pafs  abr:aft.  In  1746,  the  Impcriahfts 
forced  the  paflagejand  the  French  in  the 
late  war. 

Bochnia,  a  town  of  Auftrian  Poland,  in 
the  palatinate  of  Cracow,  with  large  fait 
mines,  difcovcred  in  1251,  which  employ 
tu'o  or  three  hundred  men.  20  miles  E, 
Cracow. 

Boc.ho,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Querfurt.    3  miles  SE.  Juterbock. 

ISoc-'^olnicze,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the 
palatinateof Sandomirz.  20  m.  ESE. Radons. 

Bocholt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  \n~ 
fliopric  of  Munftcr;  there aie  iron  mines  in 
its  neighbourhood.  36  miles  WSW.  Mun- 
fter,  34  E.Cleve.     Long.  6.  42.  E.  J^Mt.  ;i. 

SS-  N. 

Bochoidt,  or  Bochoutc,  a  tov/n  of  Flanders, 
(ituated  on  a  canal,  cut  from  the  Sched'.t 
4  miles  NW.  Sas-de-Gent. 

Boc/cas,  lee  Eazaruto. 

Bocka,  or  Bu^kan,  a  town  of  Germany, 
circle  of  Erzgeburg.   20  m.  SW.  Chemnitz. 

Locke,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  the  biflio- 
pric  of  Padeiburn,  on  the  Lippe.  7  miles 
W.  Paderburn. 

Bockcnhurg,  a  tcwm  of  Germany,  in  the 
biihopric  of  Mindcn.     i  niile  from  Minden. 

Bockenhew!,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  flanau  Munzenberg.  %  miles 
WNW.  Francfort  on  the  Mayn. 

Bockencvi,  a  town  of  the  bifltopric  of 
Hildeflieim,  furrounded  by  the  Nctte.  14 
m.iles  E.  Hildcliiiim,  18  NW.  Goflar. 

Booking,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Efl'ex,  with  a  population  of  2680  inhabi- 
tants, but  no  market.  Here  is  a  manufacture 
of  baize,  which  in  1801  employed  600  per- 
Ibns.     2  miles  E.  Braintree,  41  E.  London. 

Bockc,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.  21.  20.  E.  Lat. 
61.  AI.  N. 

B-.ckolt,  fee  Bockolt. 

Bcchun,  or  Bo:hiuii,  or  Bochcim,  a  towQ 
of  Germany,  in  the  county  of  Marck.  24 
m.iles  NE.  Dufleldorp,  35  N.  Cologn. 

Bockn.vorth  Mountains,  mountains  of  Ii'e- 
land,  in  the  county  of  Mayo.  16  miles  N  W. 
Caftlebar. 

Bocono,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
provinceof Venezuela.    20  miles  S.Truxillo, 

Bocutc,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdcm 
of  Mocaranga.  30  miles  SE.  Maifapa. 
Long.  32.  30.  E.     Lat.  17.45.  S. 

Boczki,  a  town  of  Pruflian  Poland,  in  Pod- 
lachia.     6  miles  SW.  Bielfk. 

Boda,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Weft-Bothnia. 
30  miles  NNW.  Umea. 

Bodcii/ka,  a  town  of  Hungary.  7  miles 
W.  Patal-. 

Boday,  F.l,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak, 
n  the  Tigris.     20  rTiiles  NNW.  Bagdad. 


BOD 


BOD 


BodarJa,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Hifiar.    40  miles  SSW.  Hiifar, 

Bod:;,  or  Bude,  a  river  of  Tburingia,  which 
Tuns  into  the  Saale,  near  its  union  with  the 
Elbe. 

Bodeckcn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  b;- 
ihopric  of  Paderburn.    4  miles  NE.  Buren. 

Bo  lega,  a  poi  t  on  the  weft  coall  of  North- 
America;  the  north  point  is  form.ed  of  lew 
itecp  cliffs,  and  when  feen  from  the  fouth 
lias  the  appearance  of  an  ifland,  but  is  firmly 
connefted  with  the  mainland;  to  the  eaft 
the  land  retires,  and  forms  a  fmall  inlet,  ap- 
parently favourable  to  anchorage ;  it  has  a 
ilat  rock  on  which  the  water  breaks  in  its 
entrance,  and  has  not  any  other  vilihle  dan- 
ger except  that  of  being  much  expofed 
to  the  fouth  and  fouth-eaft  winds.  The  en- 
trance of  the  harbour  is  obftruded  by  a  (lioal 
<)ffand,on  which  the  grcateft  depth  is  nine 
feet  at  the  lafl:  quarter's  flood.  "  The  Indian 
natives,  in  their  manners  and  conduifl,  were 
perfedfly  inoffenfive;  fome  few  had  bows  and 
arrows.  The  language  they  fpoke  was  a 
'  mixture  of  Spanifli  and  their  own  provincial 
<iialefb.  When  Captain  Vancouver's  lieute- 
nant examined  the  port,  the  men  were  in 
general  naked,  but  the  women  wore  flcins  of 
animals  about  their  flioulders  and  waiils,  and 
"vvere  as  much  tatowed  or  punflured  as  any 
of  the  females  of  the  Sandwich  iflands:  the 
hair  of  both  fexes  was  black,  which  they 
■wore  clubbed  behind.  The  foil  is  fandy, 
and  in  general  covered  with  buihes  and  dif- 
ferent lorts  of  verdure;  the  ccuntry  inland 
is  of  a  moderate  height.  Great  numbers  of 
the  feathered  tribe  were  icen,  white  and 
brown  pelicans,  gulls,  plovers,  and  a  variety 
of  aquatic  fowl ;  on  the  fliores  are  eagles, 
hawks,  the  red-breafted  lark,  crows,  "knd 
ravens.  No  quadrupeds  were  feen,  they  only 
dilHnguifhed  the  track,  and  faw  the  dung  of 
what  was  confidered  to  be  black  cattle." 
Loj.'g.  237.  21.  E.  Lat.  38.  21.  N. 

_  Bodegas^  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
tince  of  Vera  Paz,  on  the  north-qaft  coafl 
of  Dolce  bay.  Lc??g.  90.  30.  W.  Lat. 
ij;.4o.N. 

Bcdegoti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalufia. 
12  miles  from  Seville. 

B,.dcn,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dowlata- 
bad.     25  miles  NW.  Indelovoy. 

_  Bodcr.hnrg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Lifliopiic  of  Hilde/lielm.  9  m.  S.  Ilildcflicim. 

Bodcndo,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in 
the  government  of  Marafch.  69  miles  W. 
Maiafch. 

B'JcKctz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Chrudim.  10  miles  N.  Ciirudim. 

Bodcufdd,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
pilnupality  of  Calenberi:^,  fituatcd  on  the 
"Weier,  in  the  quarter  of  Gottingen.  15  miles 
InW.  Gottingen. 

BydffifeU,  a  town  of  German  v,   in  the 


cotinty  of  Arcnfberg,  on  the  Salme.  12  n:iiie» 
SW.  Brilon. 

Bodefigrave,  a  town  of  Holland,  which 
was  burned  by  the  French,  in  1672,  fituated 
on  the  Rhine.     10  miles  E.  Leyden, 

Bcdenkaujhu  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Hefl'e.     18  miles  ENE.Caffel. 

Bodcfiif  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  ia 
Walachia.     60  miles  KW.  Buchareft . 

Be  den  Sea,  fee  Coujlance. 

Bodeujlatt,  or  Podjlata.,  a  town  of  Mora- 
via, in  the  circle  of  Prerau.  10  miles  KE. 
Prerau,  20  E.  Olrautz.  Long.  17.  39.  E. 
Lat.  49.  33.  N. 

Bodenteich,  or  Bodcntrich,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  principality  of  Luneburg-Zell. 
32  n.iles  NE.  Zell.  Long.  10.  57.  E.  Lat. 
52.  iz.  N. 

Bodew^verder,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principahty  of  Calenberg,  fituated  on  the 
Wefer.     16  miles  S.  Kamelcn. 

Bodgurva,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.     25  miles  SSW.  Kaftainoni. 

Bodik'ni's  Point,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Maryland,  in  the  Chei^peak.  Long.  76. 
35.  W.  Lat.  38.  10.  N. 

Bodmin,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Cornwall.  It  was  eree^ied  into  a  bifhop's 
fee,  which  was  fucceflively  renioved  to  St. 
Germain's,  Crcditon,  and  Exeter.  It  is  a 
corporation  tov.n  and  a  borough,  fending 
two  members  to  the  imperial  parliament.  The 
fummer  aflizes  and  Michaelmas  quarter-fef- 
fions  for  the  county  are  held  here.  There 
is  a  good  mai  ket  weekly  on  Saturdays.  The 
principal  manufacture  is  making  of  ferges, 
and  preparing  wool  for  fpinning.  A  wake 
or  carnival  it;  held  annually,  about  the  mid- 
dle of  July,  on  Holgarer-moor,  near  the 
town,  the  fports  of  which,  it  is  faiu,  fo  much 
amufed  Charles  11.  when  he  palled  this  way 
to  Scilly,  that  he  became  a  brother  of  the 
jovial  Ibciety,  which  they  pretend  had  its 
origin  beforcthe  conquell.  In  i8oi,the  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  vyfas  2300,  including  the 
whole  parifli.  9  miles  SSW.  Cameltord,  2,^5 
W.Lor.don.  Long.  4.  40.  W.  Lat.  50. 29. N. 

Bcdodo,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Benin,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Formofa. 

Bcdrog,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Da- 
nube, which  gives  name  to  a  county.  30 
miles  SE.  Colocza. 

Bcdrog,  a  liver  of  Hungary,  which  rifes 
in  the  Carpathian  mountains,  and  runs  into 
the  Theyfle,  near  Tokay. 

Bodruv,,  or  Budrim,  a  feaport  town  and 
fortrefs  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  on  tlic  north  fuic 
of  the  gulf  of  Scalanova.  Dr.  Pocock  places 
here  the  ancient  Teos,  which  D'Anviile  fixes 
at  Slgagik.  15  miles  S.  Smyrna.  Long,  co* 
45.  E.     Zrt/.  38.  16.  N. 

BodriiviyOx  Budrmn,  a  town  ofNatoli;i, 
in  the  gult  uf   Stanchio,  on  the  fite  of  the 


BOG 

ancient  KulicarnafTus.     24   miles  S.  Milets. 
icjwj-.  27.  18.  E.     Lat.  36.  58.  N. 

BodfRar^  ;i  fmall  ifland  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
the  gulf  ot  Bothnia.     Long.  ii.  30.  E.  Lai. 

BociUHgen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  county  of  Klettenberg.  5  miles  N. 
Bleicherode. 

Bodzelin^  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate ot  Sandomirz.     24  miles  S.  Radom. 

BodzoHo-.v,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Mafovia. 
40  mi!j3  NW.  \Varfaw._ 

Boft  a  fmall  ifland  of  Norway.  75  miles 
N.  Bergen. 

Boc,  a  town  of  Norway.  18  miles  N. 
Berghen. 

Boe,  a  town  of  Norway.  36  miles  N. 
Romfdale. 

Boedgeroens,  a  chain  of  fmall  iflands  in  a 
large  bay  of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  near 
the  north  coall  of  New  Guinea.  Long.  135. 
33.  E.  Lat.  2.  25.  S. 

Boela  Co?nha,  a  kingdom  of  the  ifland  of 
Cdebes,  fubjcft  to  the  Dutch. 

Boen,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire,  fituated  on  an 
eminence,  near  the  river  Lignon.  18  miles 
S.  Roanne,  10  N.  Montbrifon. 

Boen,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaft-Indianfea. 
Long.  i^z.  11. '£..  Lat.  A.  52.  S. 

Boenchy,  a  town  of  Bengal.  22  miles 
ESE.  Burdwan. 

Bosr,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  county 
of  Recklinghaufen.  6  miles  WSW.  Reck- 
linghaufen,  42  N.  Cologn. 

Boero,  fee  Biuro. 

Boi;r-vjaldg,  fee  Ba^r-ivalde. 

Boefchot,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  deparf- 
ment  oftheTwo  Nethes.  12  m.  NE.  Malines. 

Boefzt,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
of  Biehk.     14  miles  SW.  Bielik. 

Boeto,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaft-Indian  fea. 
Lyng.  131.  4j.  E.  Lat.  7.  I.  S. 

Boevedoe,  a  town  of  Benin,  governed  by 
a  Portuguefe,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Formofa. 
Lat.  5.  48.  N. 

Boeuf,  ^Z.f,7afortofNevv'-York,  fituated 
on  FrencH  Creek;  about  20  miles  SSE.  from 
Prefque  lue,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  lake  Erie. 
Long.  80.  5.  W.   Lat.  4T.  SS-  N. 

Bofo,  fee  Bajfa. 
^   Bog,  a  river  which  rifes  in  Podolia,  and 
Joins  the  Dnieper  a  little  above  Otchakov. 

Bog,  a  river  of  New  Hampfhire,  which 
runs  into  the  Connedticut,  Long.  71,  30.  W. 
Lat.  44.  36.  N. 

Boganeu,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Chrudim.     6  miles  S.  Chrudim. 

Bogaria.,-3.  town  of  Bengal.  25  m.  SE.  Cur- 
ruckpour.  L^ng.  87.  3.  E.  Lat.  24.  52.  N. 

B:garovfkoi,  a  town  of  Ruilia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  ToboiOc.   136  miles  N.  Tobolflf. 

Bogasy  a  town  of  Egypt,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Nile,    3  miles  S.  JDamietta. 


BOG 

Bogas,  (Great  J  a  flrait  in  the  Grecian 
Archipelago,  between  the  ifland  of  Samos^ 
and  the  iflands  of  Furnaand  St.  Menas ;  about 
6  miles  broad. 

Bogas,  (Little,)  a  ftrait  between  the 
ifland  of  Samos  and  the  coaft  of  NatoHa  ; 
about  \\  mile  broad. 

Bogafie,  a  i  iver  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Indian  lea,  Long.  ^z.  30.  E.  Lat.  27, 
15.  S.  A  little  to  the  north  of  this  river  the 
Grolvenor  Indiaman  was  wrecked. 

Bogatoi,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Kurlk.  58  miles  SSW.  Kurflc,  c-i 
SSE.  Peterfl)urg. 

Bogazi,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 

country  ofDiarbcliir.  50  miles  W.Diarbekir. 

Bogdana,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 

Moldavia,  on  the  borders  of  Tranlilvania. 

60  miles  S.  Niemecz. 

Begdikotz,  a  town  of  Ruffian  Siberia,  on 
the  Tchufim.     6  miles  NW.  Atchinflc. 

BcgdoI,a.  country  or  nation  of  Afia,  in 
Tartary,  fituated  to  the  north  of  China;  of 
great  extent,  and  populous,  and  fubjedt  to 
the  Chinefe. 

Bogenau,  a  town  of  Silefia,  in  the  circle 
of  Breflau.     10  miles  S.  Breflau. 

B'.genfee,  a  tov/n  of  Denmark,  fituated  on 
a  Iraall  bay  on  the  north  coall  of  the  ifland 
of  Fyen.  i j  miles  NW.  Odenfee.  Long. 
10.  6.  E.  Lat.  55.  24.  N. 

B  gefund,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Well- 
Gothland.     12  miles  S.  Falkioping. 

Bogga,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar, 
on  the  Gunduck.     26  miles  N\Y.  Bcttyah. 

B'gga,  {Chtita,)  a  town  of  Hindooflran, 
ifi  Bahar,  on  the  Gunduck.  20  miles  NW. 
Bettyah. 

•^^JJ?'^?  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar, 
on  the  Soane.     12  miles  S.  Arrah. 

Boggilcund,  a  diftrici:  or  circar  of  Hin- 
dooftan, in  the  county  of  Allahabad,  lying  to 
the  weft  of  Benares. 

Bogle,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  runs  into 
the  Deveron  near  Huntly. 

Bogkovitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Hradifch.     14  miles  ESE.  Hradifch. 

Bogliafco,  a  town  of  Genoa,  on  the  fea 
coaft.     6  miles  E.  Genoa. 

Boglio,  or  Beuil,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Maritime  Alps,  on  the 
Tinea.  It  was  lately  the  capital  of  a  county- 
belonging  to  Savoy,  fituated  among  the  Alps, 
bordering  on  Nice  and  Teuda.  In  1797,  it 
was  conquered  by  France,  and  the  whole 
territory  was  afterwards  ceded  to  that  re- 
public.    21  miles  NNW.  Nice. 

Boglrm,  or  Bioliin,  a  town  of  Iftria.  27 
miles  SSE.  Triefte. 

Boglipour,  a  town  of  Bengal,  and  capital 

of  a  province  of  the  fame  name.     96  miles 

E.  Patna,  108  NNW.  Calcutta.     Long.  87. 

6.  E.  Lat.  25.  15.  N. 

Boglipour y  a  province  of  Bengal,  bounded 


BOG 


BOH 


rn  'he  north  by  Furkah  and  Choy,  from 
both  which  it  is  feparated  by  the  Ganges,  on 
t^e  eall  by  Purneah  and  Rrjemal,  on  the 
fauth  byHendooa,  and  on  the  footh-weft  by 
C.urruckpour;  sbout  70  miles  long  and  30 
bro3d.  Boglipour  is  the  capital. 
■  I) 2? bray,  Si  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tD2U:  of  Sf.ndomirz.  24  m.ESE.  Sandomirz. 

EogmtUty,  a  river  which  rifes  in  Thibet, 
aid  runs  into  the  Ganges  near  Monghir,  in 
B.Uiar. 

Bogna-^  a  town  of  Etruria.  37  miles  E. 
Florence.  Long.  Ia.E.  /.^z/.  43.  50.  N. 

Bogna,  a  town  cf  SwiiTerland,  in  the  baili- 
^i  ick  of  Lugano.     8  miles  NE.  Lugano. 

Bogiior,  a  village  of  England,  on  the  coafl 
oF  SufTex,  clofe  to  the  fca,  lately  become  a 
fafhionable  watering-place.  Near  it  are 
fume  rocks  pr&jeftiiT^  into  the  fea,  called 
Bognor  Rocks.     7  miles  S.  Chichefter. 

Bogoduchoz-y  a  tov/  n  of  Ruffia,  in  th  e  govern- 
ment of  Chai  kov.   84  m.  NNW.  Charkov. 

Bogognano,  a  tov/n  of  the  ifiand  of  Cor- 
lica.     15  miles  KE.  Ajaccio. 

Bog'-Aavlen/koi,  a  town  of  Ruilia,  in  the 
government  of  Archangel,  near  tlie  coafl  of 
t!ie  White  S;a.     yx  miles  SW.  Archangel. 

Bogolavieujlio':,  a  town  of  Ruilia,  in  the 
government  of  Archangel,  near  the  river 
Onega.     100  miles  S.  Archangel. 

Bogoiavlciijlo',  a  town  oF  Ruilia,  in  the 
government  of  Archangel,  on  the  Pinega. 
•JO  miles  E.  Archangel. 

Bogohrjhnfnoi,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the 
province  of  Uftiug.    50  miles  ENE.  Ulliug. 

Bogoiavknfkoi,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the 
TchuHm.     So  miles  NNE.  Tomil^. 

Bogc'iavh?JJ:o!^?.  town  of  RulTiajiu  the  go- 
Ternm.ent  of^Uplia.    48  miles  S.  Upha. 

BcgnrdJIioi,  a  town  oi  Ruflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Archangel.     8  m.  SW.Mezen. 

E-g^rCfdiiz,  a  town  of  Ruilia,  in  the  go- 
vei-nnicnt  of  Tula.  16  miles  E.  Tula,  456 
SSE.  Peterfburg. 

B^gorodltzJJi^  ■?.  town  of  Ru/tia,  in  the  go- 
Tcrr.mer.t  of  Archangel,  on  the  Dwina.  44 
milos  SSE.    Archangel. 

B-'g^rodfti,  a  town  of  RufTia,  in  the  go- 
vernment cf  Molcow,  on  the  Kiialma.  28 
miles  £.  Mofccnv,  368  SE.  Peterfburg. 

BcgJi.:,  a  river  cf  South-America,  which 
runs  into  the  Mr.dalena  near  Tocayma,  in 
Kcw  Grenada.    L:it.A,.  10.  N. 

Bcg'Jes,  a  rhxi  of  South-America,  which 
runs  into  tlie  Atlantic,  Lat.  4.52.  N. 

Bogra,  mountains,  bogs, and  moorsyoflre- 
l:;i ''  mthecoun-yof  Cork.  15  m.N W.Cork. 

Bcgru,  a  town  of  Hiiidooitan,  in  Oude. 
50  miles  S.  Canoge. 

Bcgiilhi/ry.,  a  town  of  Bengal.  28  miles 
WNVV.  Beyhar. 

Bog.-!.;  a  fmali  ifiand  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coalc  of  North-Carolina.  Lo//g.  77.  ao. 
\y.    Lai.  J4.3J.  N. 


Bogtie  Inlet,  a  narrow  channel  bctweerz 
Bogue  and  another  ifiand,  leading  to  Whiter 
Oak  river.  Long.'jj.'i^.'W.  Z.«/.34. 33.  N- 

Boguinda,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  ruus 
into  the  Atlantic,  Zi7?.  iz.  40.  N. 

Boguviin,  fee  Oderherg. 

Boguj!aiv,2i  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Kiow.     3  a  miles  SE.  Bialacerkiew, 

Bog--wan,  a  town  of  Bengal.  17  miles 
NNE.  Kifhenagur. 

Bogivangola,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Ganges,  10  miles  N.  Moor- 
Ihedabad.  Lojig.  88.  29.  E.  Lat.  24.  20.  N. 

Bogivanpoiir,  a  town  of  Hindoolfan,  in 
Bahar.     1 8  miles  W.  Saferam. 

Bohain,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aifne.  10  miles  NNE.  St.  Q«en- 
tin,  8  NW.  Guife. 

Boharonvczcy  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Kaminiec.  60  m.  NW.  Kaminiec. 

Bokary,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gu- 
zerat.     2  7  miles  E.  Surat. 

Bohai-'::ba,  a  town  of  Palettine,  near  Acre, 
where  is  a  ruined  temple,  employed  as  a 
place  of  worfnip  both  by  Chriftians  and 
Turks,  but  at  different  times. 

Bo/.'da/oiv, -dtown  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle 
oflglau.     12  miles  NE.Iglau. 

Bol'c,  a  river  of  Maryland,  which  runs 
into  the  Chelapeak,  Long.  76.  S.  W.  Lat. 
39.  3<i.  N. 

Bobca)  -in  ifiand  in  Ireland,  in  Lough -Erne- 
13  miles  NNW.  Enniflallen. 

Bohemia,  a  kingdom  of  Europe,  in  Ger- 
m.any,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Lufatia  and 
Upper  Saxony,  on  the  eaft  by  Moravia  and 
Siiefia,  on  the  fouth  by  Bavaria,  and  on  the. 
vs/eft  by  Franconia.  Although  this  country 
is  lituated  in  the  middle  of  Germany,  anci 
its  king  be  an  elector  of  the  empire ;  never- 
thefs,  it  has  its  particular  alfemblies,  cuftoms, 
and  language,  difi'erent  from  the  Germans. 
The  name  Bohemia,  in  the  German  lan- 
guage, lignifies  the  home  or  abode  of  the 
Boii,  -.i  people  of  ancient  Gaul,  who,  imder 
their  leader  Segovefus,  fettled  in  that  coun- 
try about  590  years  before  the  Chriftian 
asra.  Thei'e  Boii  were  foon  after  e.xpclled 
by  the  Marcomanni,  a  nation  of  t'.iC  Suevi, 
who  were  afterwards  expelled  by  the  Sclavi, 
a  people  of  Scythia,  whofe  language  is  ilill 
fpokcn  in  Bohemia  and  Moravia.  Notwith-* 
liancling  ihe  expulfion  of  the  Boii,  the  pie- 
fent  inhabitants  are  fi;ill  called  Bohemians  by 
foreigners  ;  but  the  natives  call  thcmfclves 
Czekov/c,  or  Czechs.  At  firtt  they  were 
governed  by  dukes;  but  the  Emperor  Otho 
L  conquered  the  Duke  of  Bohemia,  and  re- 
duced the  province  under  the  cmj^ire. 
Afterwards  Henry  V.  gave  the  title  of  king; 
to  Ladiflaus  duke  of  Bohemia;  and  lince 
that  time  thefe  kings  have  been  elcdors  and 
chief  cup-bearers  of  the  empire,  and  the 
kingdom  has  been  clcvitivej  which  priyi- 


boh: 


BOH 


leges  have  been  confirmed  by  tbe  golden 
ball.    Formerly  the  kings  of  Bohemia  re- 
ceived the  kingdom  as  a  Hef  of  the  empire, 
which  ceremony  was  performed  upon  the 
frontiers  ;  after  which  the  llandards  of  the 
principalities,  of  which  itis  compoied,  were 
given  to  them  without  being  torn,  and  given 
to  the  people ;  as  is  done  with  the  enfigns 
of  the  other  fiefs  of  the  empire.    Ferdinand 
I.  of  Auftria,  having  married  Anne,  fiftcr  of 
Louis,    laft   king  of   Bohemia,  who  died 
without  ifTue,  and  being  cleifkd  king,  tliat 
kingdom   has   remained   ever  fince    in  his 
family.     But  the  crown   is  conferred  witli 
fome  appearance  of  cleJiion,  which  right  the 
ftates  of  that  kingdom  ftill  pretend  to  claim, 
potwithftanding,  by  the  treaty  of  Weftpha- 
lia,  Bohemia  is  declared  hereditary  in  the 
houfe  of  Auilria.    The  Bohemians  are  fond 
of  the  appellation  of  Czeche,  which  is  derived 
from  the  famous  Czech,  who  is  much  cele- 
brated by  their  hiftorians,  and  was  brought 
thither  by  the  Skivi,  by  which  name  they 
are  alfo  called  by  the  people  that  fpeak  the 
Slavonic.      The  pcafants   here   are    flaves 
to   their  lords,   and  the  liard  yoke  which 
galls  them  appears  to  be  the  caufe  as  well  of 
their  ftifF-neckednefs  as  of  their  indolence; 
which  latter,  among  other  things,  is  obferv- 
able  in  the  wretched  condiiion  of  their  vil- 
lages, though  wood   is  to  be  found  here  in 
great  plenty,   and  building  not  expenfive 
among  them.     In  1679,  '•■  great  part  of  them 
raifed   an   infuneition   on   account  of  the 
heavy  bondage  they  laboured  under ;   but 
for  this  they  were  wholly  ftript  of  the  fmall 
remains  of  the   rights  and  privileges  which 
they  enjoyed.     The  owners  of  free  eftates, 
who  are  called  in  their  language  Swobod- 
nicy,   Diednicy,  and  Naprawnicy,    are  at 
pre'fent  but  tew  in  number.     To  the  landed 
eftates  belong  the  prelates,  lords,  knights, 
and  towns.     The  Bohemian  language  is  a 
dialed  of  the  Slavonic,  or  fomewhat  harilier 
than  the  dialedtofthe  neighbouring  people, 
who  fpeak  Slavonic ;  as  they  change  the  con- 
fonants,  and  in  particular  the/,  more  into 
vowels.    Formerly  the  Bohemians  ufed  the 
fame  letters  with  the   Ruilians,  but  in  the 
time  of  Boleflaus  the  Good,  the  Latin  was 
introduced  among  them.  Tlicre  is  alfo  much 
German  fpoken  in  the  country     The  Bohe- 
mians  are  fuppofed  to   have  received  the 
Chriftian  faith  fo  early  as  the  6th  century  ; 
but  it  is  more  certain  that  they  were  inftrud- 
ed   therein  by  the  Greek  brethren  Metho- 
dius and  Cyril  (the  latter  of  whom   was  at 
lirll  called  Conftantinus)  about  the  middle  of 
the  9th  century :  and  hence  alfo  at  lirft  the 
Greek  religion    and  cuftoms  were  in   ufe 
among  them  till  Boleflaus  the  Good  intro- 
duced the  Romifli  method  of  worfhip  there. 
In  the   15th  century,  John  Meiitz  began  to 
preach  asainfl  the  Pope  and  Roman  Catho- 


lic clergy,  and  Matthias  Janow  trod  in  his 
fteps.    The  latter  was  likcwife  followed  by 
John  Hufs,  Jerom  of  Prague,  and  Jacob  von 
Mifa,  who  partly  in  the  I4tl),  but  partly  and 
chiefly  in  the  15th  century,  oppofed  many 
do(flrines  and  abufes  of  the  Roman  Cadiolic 
church.     This  at  the  council  ot  Conftance 
brought  Hufs  and  Jerom  to  the  flake;  and 
put   their   adherents,   the  greateft    part  of 
whom   were  Bohemians,   under  the  bann; 
upon  which  they  were  fo  irritated,  that  on 
this  account  a  bloody  war  broke  out,  which 
continued  for  many  years.    Bohemia  lies 
high;  is  for  the  moft  part  level;  enjovs  a 
warm,  pleafant,  and  wholefome  air,  a  foil 
fat,  and  in  certain  places  only  fandy.    It  is 
very  fertile  in  corn,  confiderable  quantities  of 
which  are  exported  thence,  particuarly  buck- 
wheat, millet,  garden  and  orchard,  fruits, 
and  excellent  hops.    It  llkewife  produces 
fafFron,  ginger,  calamus,  and  what  is  called 
a  manna  (but  by  the  Bohemians  otherwifc 
named  ber,  being  much  the  f  .me  with  th:; 
pannic   or  fox-tail;)    has    alfo    good  red 
vines,  among  which  that  of  mielnicker,  and. 
in  particular  the  iweet  and  itrong  podlkal- 
flcy,  which  grows  near  Aufzig,  are  pri.  cipally 
efteemed.    It  yields  likewile  good  pafture, 
numerous  droves  of  cattle,  together  v%'ith  ex- 
cellent chaces  and  wild  fowl,  as  alfo  bears, 
lynxes,  wolves,  foxes,  martens,  badgers,  bea- 
vers, and  others ;  with  well-tafted  fifh,  of  all 
kinds  in  the  rivers  and  ponds.    The  princi- 
pal exports  are,  corn,  malt,  hops,  paper, 
pottery,   and  glafs ;    formerly  there   were 
many  ialt  works  in  Boh*-mia,  but  at  prefent 
they  neither  boil  nor    dig  fah,  but  have  it 
from  other  countries.     In  Bohemia,  there 
are  mines  of  coal,  alum,  fulphur,  vitriol,  iron, 
copper,    lead,   quickfilver,  'and  faltpetre. 
Above  100  towns  and  places  may  be  named 
where  mine  works  have  been   eftablillred. 
All  kinds  of  marble  are  likewife  dug  in  Bo- 
hemia.    Among  the  precious  ftones  here, 
are  diamonds,  to  which  not  a  beautiful  lus- 
tre, but  a  proper  hardnefs  only  is  wanting; 
which  is  alfo  the  cafe  with  its  rubies  and 
chrylblitcs,  emeralds,  granites,  fapphires,  to- 
pazes, amethyfts,  hyacinths,  berills,  carbun- 
cles, jafper,  calcedonies,  turquoifes,  corne- 
lians, &c.      The  filver,  and  in  part   milk- 
white  pearls,  which  are  gathered  at  different 
places  in  this  kingdom,  in  particular  in  the 
Watawa  and  Wlatawa,  are  very  beautiful. 
I'he   principal    rivers  are    the    Elbe,    the 
Moldau,  and  the  Egra.     Bohemia  v/as  for- 
merly abundantly  fupplied  with  towns,  bo- 
roughs, villages,  caftles,  and  men.     In  the 
days  of  the  emperor  Rodolphus  II.  were 
computed  in  it  34,700  villages,   73a  great 
and  fmall  towns,  124  caftlci,  feats  of  the 
nobility  unnumbered,  and  above  3,000,000 
of  inhabitants.    But  at  prefjnt  it  appc.is 
very  dciolatc  in  comparilon  of  its  former 


BOH 

i^ate.  Durinp:  the  inteftine  religious  wars, 
and  in  the  fucceeding  irruptions  of  the 
Swedes,  moft  of  the  towns,  caftles,  and  vil- 
lages in  Bohemia  were  laid  wafte;  infomuch 
that  at  prefent  it  contains  only  105  great 
and  fmall  towns,  and  not  much  above  6000 
villages.  The  number  of  feignories,  farms, 
and  eftates  in  it  amounts  to  nearly  1451. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  is  confiderably 
decreafed,  fo  that  fome  afiert  that  not  the 
tenth  part  of  the  former  number  remain  at 
prefent,  and  that  the  modern  Bohemia  is 
fcarcethe  fhadow  of  what  it  was  formerly. 
In  1632,  and  in  three  or  four  fucceeding 
years,  to  the  number  of  30,000  fixed  fami- 
lies quitted  this  coutitry;  not  to  mention  wo- 
men, children,  handycraftfmen,  and  others, 
and  the  greatefl  part  of  the  nobility  alio, 
vho  retired.  For  this  reafon  an  attentive 
tiaveller|finds  the  towns,  boroughs,  villages, 
and  highways  in  Bohemia  very  defolate. 
Bohemia  is  divided  into  twelve  circles,  viz. 
fircle  of  Boleflaw,  Leiimeritz,  Saatz  with 
Elnbogen,  Piifen,  Pracliatitz  or  Prachin, 
Ikchin,  Chmdim,  Czaflaw,  Kaurzim,  Ko- 
ringingratz,  Rachinitz  with  Schlan,  and 
JJeraun  with  Moldaw.  From  fome  royal 
iiemands  or  exactions  made  in  later  times, 
^'e  may  form  a  probable  conjeflure  how 
much  this  kingdom  brings  in  annually  to 
Its  fbvcjcign.  In  1742,  the  emperor  Charles 
"^''11.  exaded  of  the  Hates,  foi  the  ordinary 
and  extraordinary  contributions  oi  the  king- 
dom, 6,oco,ooo  of  florins.  In,  1743,  the 
queen  Maria  Therefa  demanded  in  general 
5,270,000  florins;  2,890,000  florins  were 
for  the  military  ftate.  The  revenues  of  the 
chamber  eflates  or  domiains,  tolls,  &c.  raifed 
lere  are  confiderable.  According  to  the 
new  regulation  of  the  military  flate  of  the 
collective  Auftrian  hereditary  countries,  the 
snnaal  contribution  of  the  kingdom  of  Bo- 
hemia to  the  ma.intenancc  thereof  amounts 
to  5,270,-488  florins,  44  kruitzers.  To 
the  flanding  miiiiia  of  24,000  men,  which  in 
the  year  1 753,  were  appointed  intheAuflrian 
hereditary  countries,  and  in  times  of  war 
were  to  fcrvc  tov/ards  the  completing  the 
field  regiments,  Bohemia  fuiniflies  9,000. 

Bohmc:,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  runs 
into  the  Aller,  four  miles  SE.  Rethera,  in  the 
principalitv  of  Luneburg  Zell. 

Bohinifchkrii'.ty  a  town  of  Auflria.  ?  miles 
SSW.  Feldfburg. 

Bohnifch  Niiendorf,  fee  Neuendorf.,  &c. 

E^ihjy  or  Body  one  of  the  Philippine 
Idands,  diicovcred  by  Magellan,  in  15 21. 
It  is  circul.i)-,  about  30  miles  in  diameter, 
•with  a  town  named  Loboc ;  about  90  m.  N. 
Wipdanao.  Loiig.  J24.  \'i.  F.  Lat.  10.  N. 

Boholy  a  town  of  the  J  Hand  of  Celebes, 
fitua'cd  on  the  north  coaif,  at  the  mouth  of 
7.  river  of  the  fame  name.  Long.  121.  46. 
E.  /,.7/.  o.jS.N. 


E  O  I 

Bohonitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Bechin.     a  miles  SSW.  Tein. 

Bohran,  a  town  of  Silefia,  in  the  princi- 
pality of  Breflau.  16  miles  S.  Breflau,  18 
W.  Brieg.  Long.  16.  58.  E.  Lat.  50.  58. N. 

Bohrlitz,  or  Boho7-ztlke,  or  P'okrlitz,  a 
town  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle  of  Brunnj 
16  miles  S.  Brunn,  45  N.  Vienna,  Long.  16. 
27.  E.  Lat.  48.  57.  N. 

Bohus,  fee  Bahus. 

Bohujlaiviz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Konigingratz.  10  miles  NE.  Ko- 
nigingratz. 

Bokuzonvicze,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the 
palatinate  of  MinHc.     50  miles  SE.  Minfli. 

Boia,  a  town  of  Great  Bukharia.  6  miles 
N.  Termed. 

Bow.bad,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.     27  miles  SE.  Caftamena. 

Bn'ianoy  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  county 
of  Molife,  the  fee  of  a  biiliop,  fuifragan  of 
Benevento,  v/horefidesat  Camipobaflb.  This 
was  anciently  a  city  of  the  Samnites,  called 
Bovianum.  In  the  year  of  Rome,  663,  it  was 
taken  by  Sylla.  9  miles  S.  Molife,  42  N. 
Naples.  Long.  14,  25.  E.  Lat.j^i.  30.  N. 

Boiarke,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Kiev.     38  m.   SSE.  Bialacerkiew. 

Bojeponr,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Orifla 

6  miles  E.  Sonepour. 

Boina,  a  town  of  FIuDgary.  4  miles  S. 
Topokzan. 

Boinak.  a  tov/n  of  Dagheflan.  26  miles 
NNW.  berbend. 

BohutZy  a  town  of  Hungary.  1 1  miks 
WNW.  Kremnitz. 

Boioncy  a  town  of  Italy,  in  tlie  Paduan, 

7  miles  E.  Padua. 

Boinpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles  SE. 
Moorfliedabad. 

Bojoivkay  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Braclaw.     4S  miles  E.  Braclaw. 

Bois-Belle,  before  the  revolution  a  Imali 
fovereignty  of  Friince,  belonging  to  the  fa- 
mily of  Bethune  Sully,  which  was  exempt 
from  all  taxations  or  gabelles  whatfbever. 
It  is  fituated  in  Berry,  between  Bourgcs  and 
Sar.cerre,  about  30  miles  in  circumference, 
containing  about  6300  inhabitants.  7~he  prin-, 
cipal  towns  are Henrichemont  andBois-Bellc. 

Bois-helle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Cher.  13  miles NE.  Bourges. 

Bcis-comniun,  a  town  of  France,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  diftri«51,  in  the  department 
of  the  I.ciret,  which  contains  about  i6co 
inhabitants.  21  miles  NE.  Orleans.  15  ^V'. 
Montargis.  Long.  2.  28.  E.  Lat.  48.  2.  N. 

Bo!s-le-DriCy  a  city  of  Brabant,  fituated 
on  the  river  Dommel,  which  there  receives 
the  waters  of  the  Aa.  Its  name  in  the  lan- 
guage of  the  country  is  Hertogeiibofchy  the 
lame  meaning  with  Bcif-le-Duc,  i.  e.  the 
Dide's  il'ccJ,  and  was  lb  called  trom  its> 
being  built  in  a  woody  country,  wh^re  the. 


^  O  I 


JB  0  1 


dukes  of  Biiibant  were  accnftomed  to  take    in  the  year  1559,  which  hadjunTdi(5tion  over 
the  divoriion  of  huntino.     Godfrey  duke  of    10  cities,    and    189    villages,    being   about 


Brabant,  to  put  a  flop  to  the  incurlions  of  the 
Gueldrians  into  that  country,  commanded 
the  woods  to  be  cut  down  in  die  year  1184, 
and  laid  the  foundation  of  a  city,  which  was 
finifhed  in  1196,  by  his  fon  duke  Henry,  and 
confiderably  enlarged  in  1453.  ^^  '^  ^i-i'"- 
rounded  by  the  waters  of  the  Dommei  and. 
Aa,  by  which  they  can  eadly  lay  the  coun- 
try round  about  under  water,  and  is  fume- 
times,  efpecially  in  winter,  not  to  be  ap- 


60  miles  in  length  by  30  in  breadth.  The 
principal  revenue  of  this  bilhop,  who  was 
I'ufFragan  of  the  archbifhop  of  Malines, ' 
arofefrom  the  abbey  of  Tongerloo.  On  the 
14th  of  September,  1794,  an  engagement 
took  place  near  this  town,  between  the 
liritifn  army  and  the  French,  in  which  the 
latter  were  vi6lorious;  and  on  the  9th  of 
Oi^obcr,  the  fame  year,  the  town  was  taken 
by  the  French.    The  diftritft  of  Bois-le  Due,' 


proached  but  by  boats.     It  is  defended  by    which  is  called  Mavory,  is  (ituated  between 
feveral  forrs,  the  three  principal  are  thofe  of    Holland  and  Guelderland,  having  Hollandto 


Crevecoeur,  near  the  Meufe,  a  large  fort 
called  Ifabclla,  and  a  fmall  fort  called  St.  An- 
toine,  towards  Brabant.  It  has  aUb  a  caille 
named  Papen-Briel,  v/hich  the  States  Ge- 
neral ordered  to  he' built  in  the  laft  century, 


tlie  north.  Upper  Guelderland  and  the- 
dutchy  of  Clcves  to  the  eafl,  the  quarter  of 
Antwerp  to  the  v/eft,  and  the  bifhopric  of 
Liege  to  the  fouth.  It  is  divided  into  five 
fmall  diftricts ;  to-wit,    Campine,   Pais  de 


to  be  a  check  onthe  R(/man  Catholics,  v,hich    Cuyck,  Maeflant,  Oofteryck,  and  Peeland; 


w.re  more  nunierous  than  the  reformed.     It 

has  four  gates,  Vucherpoortc,  towards  Breda; 

Hintemmpoorte,  tov/ards  Grave  and  Nim- 

megen;  Grterpoorte,  towards  Bommel  and 

Utrecht;  and  St.  John's  Gate,  towards  Heuf- 

den.    Its  fortifications  are  regular,  and  the 

walls  are  flanked  with  leven  baftions;  the    the  department  of  the  Calvados. 

approach  to  it  by  land  is  on  caufeways;  by    S.  Lifieux. 

water  at  three  gates  or  avenues  called  the        Bois-Sf.  Man'e,  {Lc,}  z  town  ofFrancej 

Boom,  the  Grand  Hekel,  and  the  Petit  He-    in  the  department  of  the  Saonc  and  Loire*- 

kel.     The  cathedral,  which  is  dedicated  to    12  m.  ENE.  Marcigny,  and  7  SE.  Charolles. 


and   comprehends    loz   villages,    fome   of 
which  are  very  confiderable,    and   ,•:  cities, ' 
Bois-le-Duc,  Helmont,  and  Eyndhoven.    18 
miles  ENE.  Breda,  4a  SSE.  Amflerdan>, 
Long.  5.  9.  E.  Lat.  51.  40.  N. 
Bois-Halboid,  {Lc,)  a  town  of  France,  in 

ID  mile* 


St.  John  the  Evangeliil,  is  one  of  the  moft 
beauuful  ftruclures  in  the  Low  Countries, 
eredled  in  1366,  by  John  d'Arkel  bilhop  of 


Boifaco,   a  town  of  South-America,    in 
Popayan.    10  miles  NE.  Paflo. 

Bols-de-Toingt,  a  town  of  France,  in  tha 


Liege;  it  had  a  wooden  tower,  flipportedby    department   of  the  Rhone   and  Loire,    13 
four  ftone  pillars,  whofe  height  was  fuch    miles  NW,  Lyons 


as  to  be  feen  from  Antwerp;  this  was  de- 
fcroyed  by  lightning  in  July  I584.  Befides 
the  cathedral,  there  were  four  other  parifh 
churches,  onlv  one  of  which  is  now  appro- 
priated to  divine  worfliip,  viz.  that  of  St. 
Catherine,  the  others  being  employed  as 
warehoufes,  or  in  other  meaner  ufes.  Before 
it  was  in  the  poiTellion  of  the  proteftants,  there 
wereiixtecn  monafterics  ;that  of  the  Jefuits 
is  now  the  governor's  palace.  This  cityfuf- 
fered  confiderably  in  the  lixteenth  century, 
during  the  religious  wars.     At  length  the 


Bcijfi-du\,  a  town  of  France,  in  thede^* 
partment  of  the  Loiret.     ij  m.  N.  Neuville. 

Boijjlron,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Herault.  g  m.  NE.  Montpellier. 

Boljfczon  d'  jiiiviontel,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Tarn.  7  miles 
ESE.  Caftres. 

Boljfiere,  {La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Somme*  6  miles  ENE. 
Montdideir. 

Boijfij/i,  or  Bolji,  fee  Bujl. 

BoTfzky,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  Palatt-« 


Dutch  made  themfelves  mailers  of  it  in  1629;  nate  of  Biell]<.     12  miles  SW.  Bielik. 

the  place  being  inverted  the  latter  end  of        Boitnianzdcrf,  or  Boefdorf,  a  town  of  Si- 

April,  a  capitulation  was fignedthefoilrteenth  lefia,  in  the  principahty  of  Neyfze.     5  itiiles 

of  September,  and  the  garrifon  marched  out  NNE.  Neyize. 

three  days  after,  with  their  governor,  the        ^^f/-^,  a  river  of  the  dutchy  of  Lunenburg, 

Comte  de  Grobbcndonck,  and  many  of  the  which  runs  into  the  Elbe  at  Boitzenburg. 

principalcitizens;  thereligiouscarryingaway        Boitzenburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 


with  them  the  miraculous  image  of  the  Vir 
gin,  which  was  at  firil  placed  in  the  parifh 
church  of  St.  Jcri  at  Bruflels,  by  order  of 
the  Inftmta  Ifabella  Claire  Eugene,  but  re- 
moved, in  the  year  16415  to  that  of  St.  James 


Ucker  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  47  miles  N, 
Berlin,  8  SW.  Prenzlow.  ^//c;z^.  13.  40W 
E.  Lat.  Si-  16.  N.  V 

BrAtzcnhiLrg,  or  Botzenhirg^  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  the  dutchy  of  Mecklenburg, 


de  Cauberghe,  by  direcftion  of  Cardinal  Fer-  at  the  conflux  of  the  Boitze  and  the  Elbe, 
dinand,  brother  to  Phihp  IV.  king  of  Spain,  It  was  furrounded  with  walls  in  the  four- 
then  governor  of  the  Netherlands.  Pope  teenth  century :  vefTels  that  pafs  the  river 
Paul  IV.  founded  a  bifhopric  at  Bois-le-Duc,  pay  a  toll  at  the  town,  which  formerly  was 
Vol.  I.  X 


B  O  L 

very  confiderable,  but  diniinlfhcs  yearly. 
56  miles  ESE.  Hamburgh,  38  SW.  Wifmar. 
Lofig.  10.  58.  E.  /.^/.  53.23.  N. 

Boka,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Yemen.     23  miles  NNE.  Hodeida. 

Boka,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
iflandof  Celebes.  Lo/ig.  no.  i.  E.Lat.  3. 
42.  S. 

Bokanne,  a  town  of  Hlndooftan,  in  Bahar. 
35  miles  SE.  Betciah. 

Boke,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  thebifhop- 
ric  of  Paderburn.  9  miles  W.  Paderburn. 

Bokenejn,  fee  Bockenein.. 

Boket,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bifh- 
ric  of  Wurzburg.     4  miles  N.  Kiflingen. 

Bokharak,  fee  Buckhara, 

Bokhtfcha  Jdafi,  fee  Tenedos. 

Bokian,  a  river  of  Congo,  which  runs  into' 
the  Zaire.     35  miles  SW.  Pango. 

Bokira,  a  river  of  Hindoollan,  which  rifes 
in  Guzerat,  and  runs  into  the  fea.  Lo;ig. 
68.  57.E.  LaL  21.  45'  N. 

Bokinagur,  a  town  of  Bengal,  62  miles 
N.  Daca.    Lo/ig.  90.43-  E-  LiiL  24.  44.  N. 

Bokka   Meala,  fee  Bukameala. 

Boklet,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bifhop- 
rlc  of  Wurzburg,  with  a  medicinal  fpring. 
4  miles  N.  Kiffingen. 

Bokfariy  a  town  of  Hungary.  10  miles  S. 
Lugos. 

Bola,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Mandinga. 
Long.  6'  so- ^-  Lat.  12.  H2.  N. 

Bcla,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  Malwa. 
25  miles  E.  Ougein. 

Bolabola,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands,  in 
the  Southern  Pacific  Ocean,  furroundcd  by 
a  reef  of  rocks  and  Ih)all  iflands,  about 
24  miles  in  circumference.  A  high  double-^ 
peaked  mountain  which  is  in  the  middle  of 
the  ifland,  appeared  to  be  barren  on  the  calt 
lide,  but  on  the  weft  fide  has  trees  or  bulhcs 
on  its  moft  craggy  parts.  The  lower  grounds 
all  round  towards  the  fea  are  covered  with 
cocoa  palms,  and  bread-fruit  trees,  like  the 
other  iflands  of  this  ocean;  and  the  nnmy 
little  iflets  that  furround  it  on  the  infide  of 
the  reef  add  both  to  the  amount  of  its  ve- 
getable productions,  and  to  the  number  of 
iis  inhabitants.  The  iflands  of  Ulietea  and 
Otaha  are  fubjeft  to  Bolabola  by  conqucft. 
Long.  151.  J 2.  W.  Lilt.  16.  32.  N. 

boladoTi  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Valte- 
line.    9  miles  SW  Bormio. 

Bolao,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  province 
of  Beira.     9  miles  NE.  Coimbra. 

Bolarofaul'ka,  a  town  of  Rufiia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Irkutflc.     80  miles  NW.  Ilimik. 

Bolus-,  a.  river  of  Peru,  which  runs  into 
the  Pacilic  Ocean.     Lat.  2  40.  S. 

BolatCy  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  NW. 
Milan.  — 

Bolaut,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Malwa. 
.48  miles  ENE.  Saurungpour. . 

Bcitiuh,    a  river  of  Germany,   in. the 


B  O  L 

dutchy  of  Stiria,  which  rifes  in  a  lake,  10 
miles  SW.  Voitn)erg,  and  runs  into  the 
Sulm,  near  Wippelfpach. 

Bolbec,  or  Bollehec,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Lower  Seine,  and 
diftrid  of  Caudebec     10  m.  W.  Caudebec. 

Bolcarefzti,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Walachia.     2,2,  miles  NW.  Buchareft. 

Bolchaia-reka,  a  river  of  Kamtchatka, 
which  rifes  in  a  lake  about  the  centre  of  the 
peninfula ;  after  a  northerly  courfe  of  about 
30  miles,  it  turns  to  the  weft,  and  runs  into 
the  fea  of  Ochotfk,  about  15  miles  weft  of 
Bolchcretfl<oi.  The  accefs  to  it  is  very  dan- 
gerous, and  impradlicab'e  to  vcfTels  of  150 
tons.  The  port  affords  no  fhclter,  and  the 
low  lands  with  which  it  is  furroundcd  are 
no  proteflion  againft  the  winds  which  blow 
from  every  quarter.  A  light  houfe  is  ereiffed 
in  the  fbuth  of  the  entrance,  yet  the  north 
coaft  is  frequently  overflowed,  and  the  chan- 
nel itfelf  changes  its  direction,  and  its  depth. 

Bolcaut  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Tucuman,  2p  miles  N. 
Jujui. 

Bolcherefjkoi,  a  town  of  Kamtchaka,  fi- 
tuated  on  the  bank  of  the  Bolchaia-rcka, 
in  a  fmall  ifland  formed  by  the  different 
branches  of  the  river,  which  divide  the  town 
into  three  parts,  more  or  lefs  inhabited.  It 
is  the  refidence  of  a  governor,  but  not  for- 
tified. It  was  the  intention  of  the  court  of 
Pcterfburg  to  have  made  this  town  the  de- 
pot of  the  commerce;  but  the  dangerous 
navigation  of  the  river,  and  infecurity  of 
the  port,  will  render  this  imprai^ticable. — 
Below  the  town  the  river  is  from  fix  to  eight 
feet  deep,  and  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
broad.  It  empties  itillf  into  tlie  fea  of 
Ochotf]<,  at  thcdiftance  of  az  miles;  where 
it  is  capable  of  admitting  vefl'els  of  a  con- 
fiderable fize.  There  is  no  corn  of  any  fpe- 
cics  cultivated  in  this  part  of  the  country. 
A  few  cows  and  horfes,  with  their  dogs,  are 
the  only  tame  animals.  The  houfes  are  all 
of  one  falhion,  being  built  of  logs,  and 
thatched.  That  of  the  commander  is  much 
larger  than  the  reft.  The  town  confifts  of 
feveral  rows  of  low  buildings,  each  con- 
liiting  of  five  or  fix  dwellings,  conne*5ted 
together  with  a  lung  comnion  pailage  run- 
ning the  length  of  them ;  on  one  iide  of 
which  is  the  kitchen  and  ft:ore-houfe,  and 
on  the  other,  the  dwelling  apartments.  Be- 
fides  thefe,  there  are  barracks  tor  the  Ruffian 
fbldiers  and  Coiliicks;  a  well-looking  church 
and  a  court-room;  and  at  the  end  of  the 
town  agreat  numbjr  of  Balagans,  belonging 
to  the  Kamtchatdales.  The  inhabitants,  ta- 
ken altogether,  amount  to  between  five  and 
fix  hundred.     Long.  157.  E.  Lat.  s.t,.  N. 

BoL-ho-j,  a  town  of  Rufiia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Orlov,  on  the  Oka.  .33  mile? 
NNW.  Orel. 


BO  L- 

Bo/J<;;irga,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mella.     8  m.  SS\V\  Brcfcia. 

Boldo.,  a  town  of  Syria,  on  the  lite  of  the 
ancient  Paltos.     1 6  miles  Latakia. 

Bolce,  a  town  of  Ilindoolhin,  in  Malwa. 
l8  miles  NE.  Seronge. 

Bole,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Weft  Bothnia. 
36  miles  Pithea. 

Bolf,  a  town  of  Negroland,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Melli,  on  the  river  Geba. 

Bolfuct  a  toM'n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
inent  of  the  Drome.     9  miles  N.  Orange. 

Bolengani,  a  town  on  tlie  north  coail  of 
the  iiland  of  Cekbcs.  Long.  123.  14.  EZ*?/. 
O.  46.  N. 

Bolcra,  a  tov/n  of  Spain,  in  Aragon.  iz 
rniles  from  Huefca. 

Bokj'kof  a  town  of  Hungary.  28  miles  N. 
Topoltzan. 

BolejLmvy  or  Buntzlanv,  a  circle  of  Bo- 
hemia, on  the  confines  of  Lufatia  and  Silefia, 
from  which  it'  is  leparatcd  .by  mountains. 
Buntzlaw  is  the  capital. 
•  BikJlaiL'iec,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Siradia.     24  miles  SSVV.  Siradia. 

Bolgar,  a  town  of  Hungary.  13  miles 
E.  Erlau. 

Boityox  BolU,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey, 
in  Natolia,  capital  of  a  diffridt,  and  refidence 
of  a  fangiac.  140  miles  E.  Conflantinople, 
74  NW.  Angura.  Long.  31.  so.  E.  Lat, 
41-  30. 

Bolia,  a  river  of  Afia,  which  runs  into 
the  Rangoon  branch  of  the  Ava. 

Bolinao,  a  feaport  town,  on  the  ifland  of 
Lucon,  or  Manilla. 

Bolinghrokc,  a  town  of  England,  In  the 
county  of  Lincoln,  with  a  manufacture  of 
earthen  ware.  Here  are  fome  fmall  remains 
of  a  caftle,  built  by  William  de  Roniara,  in 
which  King  Henry  IV.  was  born.  The 
market  is  on  Tuefday.  13  miles  NE.  Bofton. 
129  N.  London.  Long.  o.  58.  W.  Lat.  sx- 
8.N. 

BoUpleika,  a  town  of  RufTia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Saratov,  on  the  weft  fide  of 
the  Volga.     124  miles  S.  Saratov. 

Bolkenhayn,  a  town  of  Silefia,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Schweidnitz.  10  miles  NW. 
Schweidnitz,  40  SW.  Breflaw.  Long.  16. 
5.  E.  Lat.  50.46.  N. 

Bolkovjitz,  a  town  of  Silefia.  ao  miles 
S.  Glogaw. 

Bolla,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon.  10 
miles  NNW.  Huefca. 

Bollen,  a  town  of  Carinthia.  7  miles  E. 
Millftat. 

Bollhe'im.,  a  town  of  Germany,  m  the 
bifliopric  of  Wurzburg.  3  miles  SE.  Me!- 
richftadt. 

Bollin,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs 
into  the  Meriey.    4  m.  ENE.  Warrington. 

Bolimgton,  a  townfhip  of  England,  in 
Chefhire,  with  12  ^o  inhabitant^,  of  whom 

X 


B  O  L 

abolit  7.^0  are  employed  in  manufaflurcs. 
5  miles  N.  Macclesfield. 

Bollcnus,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Helfing- 
land.     21  miles   W.  Soderhamn. 

Bollo,  a  town  of  Negroland,  in  the  king* 
dom  of  Kunibo. 

Bolloda,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guze- 
rat.     25  miles  SW.  Pattun. 

Bolrn,  fee  Biiluvi. 

Boln:cn,  a  town  of  Svveden,  in  Sma,land. 
32  miles  W.  Wexio. 

Bolnc,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  Ma- 
dagafcar.  Long.  47.  25.  E.  Lat.  i6.  S. 

Bolniki,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Wilna.     14  m.  ESE.  Wilkomeirz. 

Bolnifi,  a  town  of  Georgia,  in  the  pro- 
nince  of  Carduel.     ss  miles  S.  Teflis. 

Bolo,  a  river  of  the  ifland  of  Lu^on,  which 
runs  into  the  fea.  Long.  125.  51.  E.  Lat., 
18.  4.-?.  N. 

Bologna,  a  city  of  Italy,  and  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Reno,  heretofore  called 
the  Feljina,  a  name  by  fome  luppofed  to  be 
derived  from  Felfimis,  a  king  of  the  Tuf- 
cans,  the  founder ;  by  others,  from  Felfinay 
which  fignifies  a^oz-Zrif/j;  about  five  miles 
in  circumference.  From  the  fertility  of  the 
foil  it  is  furnamed  La  GrofTa,  or  the  Fat. 
It  is  fituaced  at  the  foot  of  the  Appenines, 
in  a  beautiful  plain,  and  contains  fifty  orfixty 
thoufand  fouls.  Its  form  being  oblong,  it 
has  been  compared  to  a  fhip;  the  tower  of 
Afinelli,  307  feet  in  height,  is  called  the 
great  mail:.  The  city  is  furrounded  with  a 
fimple  brick  wall,  folid  and  lofty.  The 
public  edifices  are  magnificent,  as  well  for 
the  architediure  as  the  ornaments;  and  next 
to  Rome,  this  city  contained  the  moft  beau- 
tiful paintings  of  any  in  Italy,  by  the  Ca- 
raccis,  Albano,  Guido,  Guercino,  Raphael, 
Dominichino,  &c.  They  count  near  two 
hundred  churches;  the  cathedral  is  fimple 
and  noble.  Here  are  found  fome  of  the 
richeft  convents  in  Italy,  thirty-five  of  men, 
and  thirty-eight  of  v/omen.  It  is  the  fee  of 
an  archbifhop,  who  has  for  fufFragans  the 
bifliops  of  Crcma,  Borgo  S.  Donino,  Mo- 
dena,  Parma,  Piacenza,  and  Reggio.  The 
academy,  which  they  call  Sperula,  is  a  mag- 
nificent building,  divided  into  many  apart- 
ments, filled  with  natural  curiofities,  ma- 
chines, inftruments,  &c.  The  fchool'  of 
painting  has  been  long  celebrated.  The 
academy  and  the  univerfity  are  both  in  a 
flourifhing  ftate.  The  pubfic  theatre  is  one 
of  the  moft  beautiful  and  largeft  in  Italy. 
The  arts  are  cultivated,  and  induftry  encou- 
raged ;  the  filk  manufadtory  has  flourifhed 
from  the  year  1341  ;  here  are  manufadures 
of  lace,  filk  ftuffs,  crapes,  paper,  glaft, 
playing  cards,  artificial  flowers,  and  toys 
in  wax,  liqueurs,  confei.4ionary,  perfumery, 
&c.  The  inhabitants  are  reckoned  gay,  and 
free  ir*  their  manner,  good  friends,  and  ir- 


B  0  L 


E  .0  L 


r<conclIeab!e  enemies ;  frugality  and  flmpli- 
city  are  their  principal  virtues.  This  city 
was  taken  by  the  French  in  the  campaign 
of  1796;  and  in  the  fame  year,  Bologna, 
Ferrara,  Modena,  and  Reggio,  entered  into 
a  treaty  to  form  a  republic,  under  the  name 
of  the  Refpuhlica  Cifpado/ui;  and  at  length 
foon  afterwards  united  with  Lombardy, 
to  form  the  Cifalpine  Republic,  and  now 
the  kingdom  of  Italy,  co  miles  N.Florence. 
3i  SE.  Mantua.  Long.  11.  ai.  E.  Lat. 
44.  .^o.  N. 

Bohgne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Marne,  and  diftrift 
of  Chaumont.     6  miles  N.  Chaumont. 

Bologiirfe,  a  country  of  Italy,  heretofore 
fo  called,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Fer- 
rarele,   on  the  eaft'  by  Romagna,    on  the 
foLitl)  bv  Tufcany,  and  on  the  weft  by  Mo- 
dena; anciently  inhabited  by  the  Boii  and 
the  Ligurcs.  It  afterwards  became  a  republic, 
under  the  proteflion  of  the  emperors.     Di- 
vided by  two  factions,  one  qf  them  had  re- 
courfe  to  Pope  Nicholas  II.  who  ufurped  a 
defpotic  authority,  of  which  the  people  foon 
grew  tired,  and  choie  Tadeo  Pepoli,  a  man 
of  great  integrity  for  their  firft  magiftrate, 
who  prefidcd  over  their  affairs  for  ij  years 
with  great  wifdom;  but  his  unworthy  ions 
fold  Bologna  to  the  archbilhop  of  Milan. 
The  people  fnook  off  this  yoke  likcwife; 
2nd,  in  the  year  15 13,  they  became  fubjcd 
to  the  Pope,  on  condition  they  might  preferve 
their  privileges.     The  interior  government 
of  die  city,  the  police,  and  judicature,  be- 
longed to  a  fenate,drefled  in  the  habit  of  an- 
cient Rome,  with  a  gonfalonier  as  preiident, 
who  was  changed  every  two  months:  other 
matters  were  decided  bv  a  legate,  and  vice- 
legate,  aifiifed  by  two  fenators:  fo  that,  in 
tatft,  Bologna  v/as  a  fpecies  of  repi:blic,  and 
kept  an  ambaffador  at  Rome.     The  legate 
Avas  a  cardinal,  who  was  changed  every  three 
years;    ccdefiaftical  affairs  were  fubjei^t  to 
the   archbifliop   only.      The    Bolcgnefe   is 
now  a  part  of  the  kmgdom  of  Italy,  and  is 
divided  in'o  two  departments,  viz.  the  Re- 
no, and  the  Lower  Po. 

B&/o/i',a.io\^'i]  on  the  eaft  coaft  cf  the  ifland 
of  Celebes.  Lo/?g.  122.  38.  E.  Lr/t.  t,.  ii.S. 
Bolory,  a  town  of  Bengal.  7  miles  WSW. 
Nuldingah, 

Bolotovo,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  irt  the  govern- 
ment of  Irkutlk.     34  m.  NE.  Nertchinflc. 

Boljlluiia,  a  town  of  Ruifia,  in  the  go- 
Ternment  of  Tobollk,  on  the  Irtifch.  240 
miles  ESE.  Tobolflv. 

Bolfchukhia,  a  town  of  Rnflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  irkutfk.  68  miles  S.  Orlenga. 
Bolfcna,  x  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
patrimony  of  St.  Peter,  lituated  on  the  fide  of 
a  lake,  24  miles  in  circumference.  This  was 
tlie  ancient  Volfcinjum,  and  we  are  told  by 
Valerius  Maxiunis,  that  the  inhabitants  of 


this  city,  renowned  for  its  excellent  laws  and 
manners,    being    afterwards    corrupted   by 
luxury,  became  fubjedt  to  tlieir  Haves,  who 
tyrannifed  over  them   with  the  moft  horrid 
infolence,  until  they   were  relieved  by  the 
Romans   under    the  command    of    Decius 
Junius  Murena.     It  was  one  of  the  twelve 
principal  cities  of  Hetruria;  and  it  is  afltrted, 
that  it  contained  at  one  time  near  200Q  fta- 
tues  in  the  tem.ples,  fquares,  and  ftreets  :  at 
prefent  it  is  but  a  poor  place  ;  however  it  is 
furrounded  with  a  pretty  high  wall,  flanked 
with   towers,    and  encompaffed  by   a   dry 
ditch.     It  was  formerly  a  bifliopric,  but  the 
fee  was  removed  to   Orvieto.     The  inhabi- 
tants boaft  of  poffeffing  in  their  church  the 
entire  body  of  St.  Chrilfina,  a  virgin  and  mar- 
tyr, who  Ivaving  been  thrown  feveral   times 
into  the  lake  v/ith  a  huge  millftone  tied  round 
her  neck,  ftill  floated   on  the  water  like    a 
reed,  and  was  at  laft  beheaded  by  the  hea- 
thens.    Some  ruins  of  ancient  Volfiniura  are 
feen  on   an  eminence  behind  Bolfena,  with 
feveral  antique  marbles,   baffo-relievos,   &c. 
The  lake,  anciently  called  Lacus  VoKinien- 
lium,  and  Lacus  Tarquinieniis,   is  of  an  oval 
form  ;  its  circumference  has  been  varioufly 
effimated  from  24  to  30,  and  even  4c  miles. 
It  is  one  of  the  moft  agreeable  lakes  in  Italy, 
being  furrounded  with  very  fruitful  hills,  and 
a  variety  of  towns  and  villages.     There  are 
alio  two  illands,  called  Martana  and  Prelicn- 
tina  in  it ;  the  former  is  very  inconliderable, 
and  has  only  a  hermitage  with  its  chapel, 
and  feme  trees  on   its   fides  :  the  other   is 
much  larger,  having  a  fine  Francifcan  con-  - 
vent,  with  large  gardens,  and  a  little  wood. 
It   was  to    this   ifland    that  Amalazontha, 
daughter  of  the  great  Theodoric,  and  mother 
of  Athalaric,  firft  and  fecond  kings  of  the 
Goths  in  Italy,  was  baniflied  by  her  coitiin 
Theodatus,  or  Theodahatus^  and  afterwards 
Ttflallmated,  by  order  of  that  ingrate,  whom 
file  had  made  her  partner  in  the  empire, 
and  would  have  married  after  the  death  ot 
her  former  hufband,  if  we  may  credit  the 
anecdotes  of  that  age.     Pliny,   fpeaking  of 
thefe  two  ifiands,  fays  that  they  lloat,  and 
obferves  that  they  fometimes  appeared,   ac- 
cording as  they  were  driven  by  the  winds', 
in  a  triangular  form,  at  otlier  times  round, 
but  never  Iquarc' ;  this,  however,  is  a  fable. 
This  lake  abounds  with  water-birds  of  feve- 
ral kinds  ;  it  is  alio  faid,  that  great  numbers 
of  eels,  of  a  prodigious  (ize,  are  found  in  it, 
and  great  quantities  of  filh  of  e\ery  kind. 
7  miles  S.  Orvieto,  48  NW.  Rome.     Long. 
II.  ^:^.  E.  X/j'r.  42. 37.  N. 

Bolfovcr,  a  town  of  Englatnl,  in  the  county 
of  Derby,  fituaied  on  an  eminence  ;  near  it 
is  a  fmall  caftle,  belonging  to  the  Duke  of 
Portland.  It  has  a  market  Fridays.  In  1801, 
the  number  ofinhabiiants  was  1091.  j  miles 
E.  Chclicilield,  148  N.  Londou. 


•B  0  L 


BOM 


BoIJyjiiert,  a  town  of  Holland,  in  the 
flate  of  Frielland,  laid  to  have  been  biult 
in  the  year  71;,,  by  Bolfwine,  fon  of  Rad- 
bode  king  of  Friefland,  from  whom  it  took 
its  name.  It  was  feveral  times  laid  wafte  by 
the  Dan-js  and  Normans,  at  its  commence- 
ment. It  was  almoil  burnt  down  in  1475  '■> 
and  again  in  15 15,  when  it  was  rebuilt,  and 
furrounded  with  a  rampart  of  earth.  Near 
Bolfwuert  was  a  Cifterti.in  abbey,  called 
Olde-Cloofter,  where  tlie  Anabaptills  re- 
tired, and  fortified  themfelves  in  1534.  In 
"this  abbey  was  interred  William  IV.  comte 
of  Holland  and  Hainaut,  who  was  llain  by 
the  Frieflanders,  near  Stavcren,  intheyi^ar 
1345.  About  three  miles  from  this  town  is 
R  port,  which,  though  much  obllruifted  by 
fand,  is  of  great  utility  to  the  inhabitants. 
Bolfwaert  is  about  two  miles  round,  and  was 
anciently  conlidered  as  oue  ol  the  Hanle 
Towns.  13  miles  SW.  Lewardcn,  7  SSE. 
llarlingen.  LTf:g.  5.  27.  E.  Lat.t;^.  7.  N. 
Bolt-Head,  a  promontory  of  England,  on 
thefouth  coail  of  Dcvonfiiire.  19  miles  SE. 
Plymouth.  Long.  3.48.  W.  Lat.  50.  13.  N. 

Bolt-Hecxd,  a  high  point  of  land  or  cape 
on  the  north-e-afl:  xroall  of  New  Holland. 
Long.zi-j.  18.  W.  Lat.  12.  38.  S. 

Bolt-Tail,  a  promontory  of  England,  on 
the  fouth  coaft  of  the  county  of  Devon.  5 
miles  WNW.  Bult-Head. 

Bolton,  ox  Boltou-k-Moor,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  of  Lancalfcr  :  it  carries 
on  a  great  trade  in  fullian  and  cotton  manu- 
factures, of  which  all  the  branches  are  ear- 
ned on  here;  and  the  annual  return's  are 
faid  to  exceed  a  million  fterling.  The  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  about  12000-  Navigable 
canals  from  Mancheifer  and  Wigan  are  a 
great  advantage  to  the  town.  The  market 
is  on  Mondays.  This  town  v.'as  garriibned 
by  parliament;  and  in  1644,  Prince  Rupert 
took  it  by  aflault.  \n  1801,  the  number  of 
inhabitants  was  12,549,  of  whom  7000  were 
employed  in  trade  and  manufadures.  In 
Little  Bolton  adjo.ming,  the  population  was 
4867,  and  of  thefe  3064  were  employed  in 
the  lame  kind  of  trade  and  manufactures.  1 1 
miles  N.  Manchefter,  196  NNW.  London. 
Long.  3.  34.  W.  Lat.  53.  zi-  N. 

Bolton,  a  village  of  England,  in  the  North 
Riding  ot  Yorklhire.  Here  are  the  remains 
of  a  calUe,  built  by  Scroop,  lord  chancellor 
in  the  reign  of  Richard  II.  Mary  qoeen  of 
Soots  was  confined  here  in  1568.  Colonel 
Scroop  held  it  for  Charles  I.  and  it  lurren- 
dered  on  honourable  terms.  This  caftle 
gave  title  of  duke  to  the  noble  family  of 
Poulet,  to  whom  the  cattle  belonged.  The 
dutchy  is  nov/  extinch  ic  m.  SE.  Richmond. 

Bolton,  a  town  of  Mafiachufets.  30  miits 
W.  Bofton. 

Bohfucken,  or  Bcltfac.k,  rocks  a.t  the  north 
entrance  of  the  Great  Belt,  s  miles  SE.  from 


the  ifland  of  Samfoe.  Long.  10.40.  E.  Lat. 

55-  48.  N. 

Boltznitz,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  run? 
into  the  Eitler,  near  Elllerwerda,  in  the 
marggravate  of  Meflein. 

Bolu,  a  mountain  of  Aha,  in  Armenia. 
144  miles  SE.  Erivan. 

Bolouadin,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
the  province  ofNatoha,  ix  miles  E.  Kara- 
hifEir. 

Boluti,  fee  Boglion. 

Bolus- Head,  a  cape  cf  Ireland,  on  the 
fi)uth-weft  coaft  of  the  county  of  Kerry. 
38  miles  SW.  Kiilarney.  Long,  10.  la.  W. 
Lat.  51.  44.  N. 

BoLjhhifar,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro* 
vince  of  Irac.     15  miles  S.  Hamadan. 

Bolivyek,  a  town  of  Norway.  40  miles 
V/.  Tonfbcrg. 

Bolzano,  or  Botzen,  a  town  of  the  county 
of  Tyrol,  in  the  bifhopric  of  Trent.  It  is  a 
place  of  condderable  trade,  wiiich  is  much 
allittcd  by  fome  annual  fairs  that  continue 
feveral  days  ;  and  the  goods  brought  from 
many  parts  of  Germany  and  Italy  meet  with 
a  good  market.  The  government  of  the 
town  is  vefted  in  a  council,  compofed  of  a 
deputy  chofen  from  the  higher  nobility, 
who  ought  to  be  a  count,  three  of  the  order 
of  knights,  and  three  of  the  lower  nobility, 
with  fome  burghers  and  peafants.  The 
neighbourhood  abounds  in  wine.  In  May 
1797,  it  v/as  taken  by  the  French  ;  and  by 
the  treaty  of  Prcfburg  it  was  ceded  to  Ba« 
vaiia.  18  miles  SW.  Brixen,  27  N.Trent. 
Long,  ii.io.  E.  Z,^/.  46.  32.  N. 

Bolzano,-^  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Vicentin. 

6  miles  NiSlE.  Vicenza. 

Bonial,  or  Bobevial,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Ourte,  on  the  Ourte. 

7  miles  SVv''.  Spa,  ^t,.  NW.  Luxemburg. 
Bomarfand,  a  fmall  ifland   in   the  Balti«, 

eaft  of  Aland.  i.«;^.  2C.5.E.  Lat.(^Q.  13. N. 

Bo)!:arzo,  a  town  of  thfe  Popedom,  m  the 
patrimonio,  once  epifcopal.  14  miles  NW. 
Citta  Caftella,  6  ENE  Viterbo. 

Boviba  Aujoy,  or  Bo^nbangoy,  a  feaport  of 
Congo,  on  the  well  coail  of  Africa,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Zaire.  60  miles  S.  Cacongo. 
Lat.  6.10.  S. 

Bomb  ally,  fee  Santa  Bomb  ally. 

Boniban  Point,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Mindanao.  Long.  124.  17,  E.  Lat.  6. 
42.  N. 

Bombay,  an  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea,  near 
the  well  coaft  of  Kindooftan,  about  21  miles 
in  circumference.  It  was  firft  fettled  by  the 
Portugueie,  and  given  to  Charles  II.  king  of 
England,  as  a  marriage  portion  with  the 
Inlanta  Catherine.  After  the  king's  mar- 
riage, a  I'quadron,  condutled  by  the  Lord 
Marlborough,  v.'as  fcnt  to  receive  tlie  pof- 
feifion  and  mveftiture  of  the  ifland  from  the 
hands  of  the;  viceroy,  who  had  received  his 


B  0  j\I 

Portuguefe  roujefty's  commands  to  tluit  ef- 
feift.     His  lordihip  fet  iail  with  a  fleet  or  five 
men  of  war,  having  Sir  Abraham  Shipman, 
appointed  governor,  on  board,  and  arrived  at 
Bombay  in  September  1663,  after  a  prof- 
perous  voyage.    Tiie  viceroy  was  difpofed 
to  comply  with  his  majefty's  inftruflions ; 
but  the  ftrong  oppolition  of  the  clergy,  who 
refufed  to  cede  the  ifland  to  heretics,  terri- 
fied the  viceroy  into  their  meafures,  and  de- 
termined him   to  keep  to  his  new  acquired 
dignity  :  his  obftinate  refufal   to   furrender 
the  ifland,  obliged  Lord  Marlborough,  with 
the  fleet,  to  retire  to  Swailyroad  for  refreili- 
ments.     After  having  laid  in  a  {lore  of   ne- 
ceflary  provifions,  his  lordfhip,  in  January 
1664,  fet  fail  with  two  (liips  for  England, 
leaving  the  refl  of  the  fquadron  under  Sir 
Abraham  Shipman,  to  fper.d  the  remainder 
«f  the  weftern   monfoons   in  fome  of  the 
TiCarefl  ports.    During  this  time  he   burled 
above  two  hundred  of  his  men  on  a  defolate 
ifland,  Anjadiva,   where   he    wintered  and 
itayed  from  April  to  Oclobcr.    The  mon- 
foons being  over,  the  fleet  put  to  foa,   and 
failed  for  Bombay.      On   liis   arrival.    Sir 
Abraham  threatened  the  viceroy  and  clergy 
with  the  vengeance  of  the  kings  of  England 
vind  Poi'tugal,  if  they  longer  continued  ob- 
ftinate, or  denied  obedience  to  their  majef- 
ties'  inflruifipns  and  contracts :  at  length 
they  confented  to  a  treaty,  by  which  the  in- 
habitants were  to  be  continued  in  the  free 
txercife  of  their  faith,  and  pofleffion  of  their 
eflates,  under  the  crown  of  England.     The 
trad^   of  Bombay   flouriflied  exceedingly  ; 
but  the  revenues  of  the   place  not  being 
equal  to  die  expcnce  of  keeping  it,  and  other 
political  and  commercial  reafonsfuperaddcd, 
obliged  the  crown  to  make  it  over  to   the 
company;  in  which  manner  thev  continue 
to  hold  it  to  this  prefent  time.    The  princi- 
pal towji  is  near  a  mile  long,  but  the  houfes 
are  mean,  a  few  only  excepted.     The  foil 
is  flerile,  and  not  capable  of  improvement ; 
nor  han  the  iiland  any  good  water  upon  it. 
"I'he  befl  is   what   they  preierve  in  ciilerns 
sftcr   rain;   tliPt  which    their  wells   furnilh 
having   a  bractilh  tafte.     There  are  on  the 
ifland  fome  fine  groves  of  cocoa-nut  trees; 
;ind  the  gardens  produce  mangoes,jacks,  and 
(>ihcr  Indian    fruits.      Tliey   make   ialt   in 
large  quantities,  by  kiting  th.c  fca  into  pits, 
V/here  the  fun  evaporates  tlie  watery  p,nt, 
while  the  falinc   is  left  behind,     As  to  the 
air  and  climate,  they  are  rnther  unliealihy, 
although  the  natives,  and  peribnsfc.doned  to 
the  couiirry,   live  calily  to  a  good  old  age. 
Moll;  pcrfons  on  their  arrival  arefeizcd  \.'ith 
fevers,  fluxes,  iciophulousdifoulcrs,  or  a  dif- 
cafe  they  c.iil  the  barbiers,   which  wholly 
f  nervat'es  the  body,  and  reduces  it  to  a  total 
ilate  of  ina(5livity,  and  a  deprivation  of  all 
die   locoMTiotive  faculties.      After  rains,  a 


B  0  IvI 

multitude  of  venomous  creatures  appear, 
which  grow  to  an  extraordinary  fize.  The 
inhabitants  are  a  mixture  of  feveral  nations, 
Englifli,  Portuguefe, and  Indians,  amounting 
in  all  to  near  60,000.  Long.  74.  38.  E.  Lat. 
18.  57.  N. 

BomI.erg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
marggravate  of  Anfpach.  4  miles  E.  Ger-; 
hardlbron. 

Bovihiy  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of  Congo, 
on  the  Loze,  governed  by  a  marquis.  lao 
miles  SSW.  St.  Salvador.  Long.  13.  35.  E. 
Laf.  7.  30.  S. 

Bomhicbk.,  a  town  ofSyria.  44  miles  ENE, 
Aleppo. 

Bom'oG,  a  town  of  Congo.  25  miles  SE. 
Sundi. 

Bojvhn-fohh'h  a  town  of  Congo.  45  miles 
NW.  Sundi. 

Bombozon  Lake,  a  lake  of  America,  in  the 
ffate  of  Vermont.     Long.  73.  8.  W.  Lat. 

Bontel,  a  town  of  Hmdoouan,  m  Berar. 
10  miles  W.  Mahur. 

Bominsah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  5  miles  N, 
Moorfliedabad. 

Boviing,  an  ifland  of  Bengal,  in  the 
mouth  of  the  Ganges.  Long.  91.  ij.  W. 
Laf.  22.  45.  N. 

Bo7nk',n:,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  north 
coaft  of  Java.  Long.  io3.  21.  E.  Lat.  5. 
51.  s. 

Bovinia,  an  ifland  on  tlic  \veff:  coafl  of 
Africa,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Zaire,  in  which 
are  many  mines  of  iron  ore. 

Bonivian,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Gu- 
zcrat,  on  the  coafl.  65  miles  NW.  Putta- 
numnaut. 

BomnieU  a  town  of  Holland,  in  the  ifland 
of  Overflakee.     7  miles  W.  Willemfladt. 

Bonnnel,  a  flrong  town  of  Holland,  in 
the  flate  of  Gueldres,  on  the  Wahal,  in  the 
ifle  of  Bommelweert ;  furrounded  with  s 
wall  by  Otho  HI.  count  of  Gueldres,  in  the 
year  122c.  In  1794,  it  v/as  taken  by  the 
French,  7  m.  N.  Bois-le-Duc,  60  NE.  Ant- 
werp.    Long.  5.  10.  E.  Lai.  s-i.  46.  N. 

BomnidjC,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North  fea, 
near  the  coail  of  Norway.     Lat.  59.  40.  N. 

Boinnuliveertt  called  by  Caviar  Infnla 
Batavonan,  is  an  ifland  formed  by  the  wa- 
ters of  the  Meufe  and  the  Wahal,  about  15 
miles  in  length,  from  Louvcflein  well  to  Fort 
St.  Andrew  call,  its  breadth  wheie  wideft 
hardly  iix.  It  is  governed  by  a  dyckgrave, 
appointed  by  the  States  General,  and  is  well 
defended  by  the  three  forts  of  St.  Andrew, 
Voorrn,and  Crevecoeur.  The  firfl  has  five 
ballions,  and  was  built  in  the  year  1599,  by 
the  admiral  of  Aragon,  and  the  cardinal  An- 
drew of  Auflria,  lieuteni^nt-general  of  the 
Spanifli  forces :  the  ftcond  is  (ilualcd  in  a 
f  rnall  ifland,  called  Voorn,  at  the  eaft  end  of 
Conimclwecrt,  und  was  coultr\iitcd  by  the 


BON 

Prince  of  Orange,  and  thence  fometimes 
called  Fort  Naflau.  The  third  is  at  the  fouth 
fide  of  the  ifland,  towards  Bois-le-Duc. 
Tiiefe  three  forts  were  conftrained  to  fur- 
render  to  Prince  Maurice,  in  the  year  1600, 
msrely  from  the  foldiors  not  being  paid. 
The  fort  of  Crevecceur  furrendered  without 
refiftance  on  the  24th  of  March,  and  that  of 
St.  Andre  on  the  8th  of  May,  the  garrifon 
being  bribed  by  tiie  prince,  who  paid  the 
foldiers  12 ?,coo  florins.  In  1672,  the  French 
took  the  ifland  under  Marflial  Turenne;  but 
after  deftroying  the  fortifications, abandoned 
it  the  year  following.  The  Comte  Charles 
de  Manfvelt  painng  this  ifland  in  the  com- 
nencement  of  the  religious  difputcs  with 
forne  Spanifh  troops,  was  furrounded  by 
fev'eral  Ihips  of  the  Hollanders,  under  the 
command  of  Comte  Hohenlo,  who  ordered 
the  dykes  to  be  opened,  which  totally  inun- 
dated the  iiland,  fo  that  the  Spaniards  were 
obliged  to  retire  to  the  citadel,  where  they 
mull  have  miferably  periflied,  if  the  coming 
on  of  a  fudden  froll  had  not  obliged  the 
Comte  to  abandon  the  fiege,  and  leave  them 
at  liberty  to  retire.  In  memory  of  this  mi- 
raculous retreat,  a  chapel  was  built  at  Bruf- 
fels,  in  honour  of  the  immaculate  conception 
of  the  Virgin,  next  the  Dominican  church, 
which  being  beaten  down  by  bombs,  and 
burned  in  169  t,  was  afterwards  rebuilt  with 
greater  magmiicence.  The  ifland  belongs  to 
the  province  of  Guelderland,  except  the 
town  ofLouveflein,  which,  with  a  very  fmali 
diflrid  at  the  wcffern  end  of  the  iiland,  be- 
longs to  Holland. 

Bcmtrtsuc,  a  feaport  town  of  Holland,  in 
the  iiland  of  Schowen,  with  a  fortrefs.  3 
miles  E.  Browerlliaven. 

Bonmoul,  a  town  of  HindooftaTi,  in  Bahar. 
30  miles  SW.  Arrah. 

Bo7finya,  a  town  of  Bengal.  30  miles  W. 
Silhet. 

Bomoa,  a  town  of  North-America,  in  New 
Navarre.     10  miles  S.  Cinaloa. 

Bomofj,  fee  Biujirifa. 

Bompoka,  one  of  the  Nicobar  iflands, 
about  two  miles  in  circumference,  riling  out 
of  thefea  like  a  lofty  mountain  ;  partly  co- 
vered with  wood,  /,l5«^^  93.  4j.  E.  Lat. 
8.  18.  N. 

Bcmrauzepollajnt  a  town  of  Hindooftan, 
in  the  Carnatic.  50  m.  WNVV.  Madras,  35 
N.  Arcot.    Long.  79.  37.  E.  Lat.  13.  25.  N. 

BoTjiy,  a  town  of  France,  in  department  of 
the  Straits  of  Calais.     8  miles  SW.  Aire. 

Bon  Port,  a  harbour  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  Ifland  of  St.  Catharine's,  near  the  coaft 
of  Brafjl;  formerly  much  iifcd  by  the  French, 
in  their  trade  to  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Bona,  a  river  of  North-America,  which 
runs  into  the  bay  of  Campechy,   25  miles 
W.  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  T.ibafco. 
Baiaf  a  icapovt  tov/n  of  Algiers,    Tlvis 


BON 

town  is  built  above  a  mile  fouth  of  the  an- 
cient Hippo,  or  Hippona,  and  is  called  by 
the   natives  Blaid-el-Aneb,  or  the  town  of 
Jujebs ;  the  harbour,  which  isfituated  to  the 
call  of  the  town,  is  capacious  ;  and  befides 
this  it  had  formerly  a  port  under  the  walls; 
but  by  conftant  difcharge   of  ballaft   into 
one,  and  want  of  care  to  cleanfe  the  othei, 
they  are  both  rendered  uniafe  and  inconve- 
nient ;  however  a  conliderable  trade  is  car- 
ried on  here  in  corn,  wool,  hides,  and  wax- 
The  iituaiion  is  good,  being  near  the  mouth 
of   the  Seiboufe,  and  with  proper  care  it 
might  be  made  one  of  the  moft  flourifhing 
towns  in  Barbary.     66  miles   NNE.  Con- 
ftantina.     Long.  7.  45.  E.  Lai.  36.  53. N. 
Bonacao,  fee  Gunnaja. 
Bonack:,  a  town   of  North-America,  in 
New  Navarre.     180  miles  S.  Cafa  Grande. 
Bonadutz,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
Grifons.     10  miles  N.  Tufis. 
Bona:?-,  fee  Buen  Ayre. 
Bona?fus,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  tlie  Upper  Rhine.    3  miles  NNW\ 
Francfort  on  the  Maine. 

Bonandria,  or  Bondaria,  atown  of  Africa, 
on  the  coalt  of  Barca.  11  miles  NE.  Curen. 
Bonares,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalufia, 
three  miles  from  Lucena. 

Bonafcola,  a  town  of  Genoa,  near  the  fea- 
coaft.     5  miles  SSW.  Brugnetto. 

BonaJJyl,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ben- 
gal.    32  miles  E.  Silhet. 

Bonat,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cnicfe.     10  miles  N.  Gueret. 
Bonaventura,  fee  Biwnaventiira. 
Bonavifo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Vero- 
nefe.     4  miles  NW.  Legnano. 

Bonavijla,  or  Buena  Vijia,  one  of  the 
Cape  de  Verd  iflands,  fo  called  from  the 
beautifiil  appearance  it  made  to  the  firft  dif- 
coverers  in  the  year  1450;  about  48  miles  in 
circumference.  The  ibil  is  for  the  moft 
part  low,  but  in  fome  places  rocky  and 
mountainous ;  it  was  formerly  fertile,  but 
now  become  barren ;  milk,  goats,  fifli,  and 
turtle,  form  the  principal  food  of  the  inha- 
bitants. They  make  fome  fait,  which  they 
exchange  with  the  Englifh  veflels  for  old 
cloaths,  bifcuit,  meal,  and  raw  filk,  with 
which  they  adorn  the  head-drefs  of  their 
females.  Cotton  and  indigo  would  grow 
well  here,  but  through  the  extreme  idlenefs 
of  the  inhabitants  the  cultivation  is  neglcdfed. 
Like  the  reil  of  the  iflands,  it  is  fubjedt  to 
the  Portuguefe,  and  the  feat  of  a  governor, 
under  the  governor  of  St.  Jago.  I'he  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  is  cftimated  at  8ooq.  Long. 
of  the  north  extremi;y,  according  to  Cupt. 
Cook,  22.  59.  W.  Lat.  16.  17.  N. 

Bonavijla  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  eaft  coaft  oj 
the  ifland  pf  Newfoundland,  dilciovcred  bj 
Scbaftian  Cabot,  in  1497.  Long^  55. 25.  W 
hat.  49.  20.  N. 


B  OK 


BON 


Bonttyasy  a.  town  of  Bengal,  u  miles  S. 
Ghidorc. 

liouhond,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
40  miles  SW.  Arrah. 

Boncat,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Pyrenees.  1 8  miles  N. 
Bavonne. 

BonchampSi  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mayenne.  a  miles  .SW. 
Craon. 

Bonconvento,  fee  Bunnconvento. 

Bo'uia,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  cir- 
carofOohud.     ,^5  miles  E.  Raat. 

Bonchvit  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Both- 
nia, near  the  coaft  of  Sweden.  Lat.  6,v  33. N. 

Bondcno,  or  Buonde?!o,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  department  of  the  Lower  Po,  atthecon- 
ilux  of  the  Panaro  and  the  Po.  9  miles  W. 
Ferrara. 

Bonder-coos,  a  town  of  Ceylon.  30  miles 
'N.  Candy. 

Bor.dgom,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bag- 
lana.     30  miles  Saler  Mouler. 

Bonhaut,  a  town  of  Bengah  28  miles  W. 
MooHhedabad. 

Boudo,  atown  of  Swifferland.  5  miles  NE. 
Chiavenna. 

Bondo,  a  province  in  the  fouth-well  part 
of  the  kingdom  of  Matamba. 

Bondorfy  a  county  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Swabia,  about  15  miles  long,  and  9 
wide.  It  joins  the  Brifgau,  and  belongs  to 
the  abbey  of  St.  Blaife,  giving  the  abbot  a 
voice  at  the  diet  of  the  empire.  It  is  af- 
fe/Ted  at  25  florins  and  30  kreutzers  for  the 
Roman  month,  and  is  taxed  at  izrix-dol- 
lars,  15  kreutzers.  The  territory  includes 
the  town  of  Bondorf,  and  about  twelve  vil- 
lages. This  county,  with  the  abbey  of  St. 
Blaife,  was,  in  the  year  1802,  adjudged  as  an 
indemnity  to  the  Grand  Mader  of  Malta. 

Bondorf,  a  town  o^  Germany,  and  capital 
of  a  county,  in  the  circle  of  Swabia.  28  miles 
NNW.  Zurich,  6  NNW.Stuhlingen.  Long, 
8.  2c.  E.  Lu-f.47.  'iz.'N. 

Bondou,  or  Bondii,  a  kingdom  of  Africa, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Kajaaga,  on  the 
eaft  by  Bambouk,  on  the  fouth-eaft  and  fouth 
by  Tcnda,  on  the  foud^-welt  by  Woolly, 
and  on  the  weft  by  Foota  Torra.  The  coun- 
try is  pretty  generally  covered  with  woods, 
and  the  land  rii'es  in  fome  parts  with  confi- 
dcrable  hills:  the  foil  is  fertile.  From  its 
filiation  between  the  rivers  Senegal  and 
Gambia  it  is  much  frequented,  both  by  the 
Slatecs,  or  free  black  merchants,  who  trade 
in  flavcs,  and  generally  pafs  through  it  in 
going  tiom  the  coaft  to  the  interior  countries; 
and  for  occafional  traders,  who  frequently 
come  hither  from  the  inland  countries  to 
purchalc  fait.  Thcie  diiFerent  branches  of 
conmicrcc  ;>rc  conduv.T'ed  principallyby  Man- 
dingoes  and  Scrawoollics,  who  have  fettled 
in  the  country.    Theio  merchants  likewise 


carry  on  a  confiderable  trade  with  Gedumah, 
and  the  other  Moorifli  countries,  bartering 
corn  and  blue  cotton  clothes  for  fait;  which 
they  again  barter  in  Dentila  and  other  dif- 
trifts  for  iron,  fliea-butter,  and  fmall  quan. 
tities  of  gold-daft.  They  likewife  fell  a 
variety  of  fweet-fmelling  gums,  packed  up 
in  fmall  bags,  containing  each  about  a  pound. 
Thefe  gums,  being  thrown  on  hot  embers, 
produce  a  very  pleafant  odour  ;  and  are  ufed 
by  the  Mandingoes  for  perfuming  their  huts 
and  clothes.  The  cuftoms  or  duties  on  tra- 
vellers arc  very  heavy;  in  almoft  every  town 
an  afs-load  pays  a  bar  ofliluropean  merchan- 
dize; and  at  Fatteconda,  the  refidence  of 
the  king,  one  Indian  baft  or  mufquct,  and  fix 
bottles  of  gunpowder,  are  exaded  as  the 
common  tribute.  By  means  of  thefe  duties 
the  king  of  Bondou  is  well  fupplied  with 
arms  and  ammunition ;  a  circum_ftance  which 
makes  him  formidable  to  the  neighbouring 
ftates.  The  inhabitants  differ  in  their  com- 
plexions and  national  manners  from  the  Man., 
dingoes  and  Serawoollies,  with  whom  they 
are  frequently  at  war.  Their  government 
differs  from  that  of  the  Mandingoes  chiefly 
in  this,  that  they  are  more  immediately  un.. 
der  the  influence  of  the  Mahomedan  laws; 
for  all  the  chief  men,  the  king  excepted, 
and  a  large  majority  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Bondouj  are  MufTelmen  ;  and  the  authority 
and  laws  of  the  prophet  are  every  where 
looked  upon  as  fiicred  and  decifive.  In  the 
exercife  of  their  faith,  however,  they  are  not 
very  intolerant  towards  fuch  of  their  coun- 
trymen as  il:iil  retain  their  ancient  fuperfti- 
tions.  Religious  perfecution  is  not  known 
among  them,  nor  is  it  necefTary;  for  the 
fyftem  of  Mahomet  is  made  to  extend  itlelf 
by  means  abundantly  more  efficacious  ;  by 
eftablifliing  fmall  fchools  in  the  different 
towns,  where  m.any  of  the  Pagan  as  well  as 
Mahomedan  children  are  taught  to  read  the 
koran,  and  inlfruded  in  the  tenets  of  the 
prophet.  The  Mahomedan  priefts  fix  a 
bias  on  the  minds,  and  form  the  charaifter  of 
their  young  difciples,  Vv'hich  no  accidents  of 
lite  can  ever  afterwards  remove  or  alter. 
Z.7/.  12.  N. 

Bondour,  a  tpwn  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Na- 
tolia.     24  miles  \V.  Ifbarteh. 

Bondy,  a  town  of  France.  5  m.  NE.  Paris. 

Bonef,  atown  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sambre  and  the  Meufc.  9  miles 
N.  Namqr. 

Bsncncoiifre,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Cote  d'Or,  5  miles  SW. 
St.  Jean. 

Bonenfack,  a  town  of  PrufFia,  in  Pomeralia. 
5  miles  NE.  Dantzic. 

Bonczlda,  a  town  of  Tranfilvania,  on  the 
Sumos.     12  miles  N.  Claufcnburg. 

Bonfaitl,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabri^ 
Citra.    9  miles  W.  St.  Marco. 


BON 

Boyigamah,  a  tov/n  of  Hiridooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.  3  7  miles  SE.  Durbungaii.  Lo':;^.  86. 
41. E.  Lat.  25.  52. N.  , 

Boi:gamah,_z  town  of  Hindoofl;in,  in  Ba- 
har.     4j;  ENE.  Durbunga. 

Bongaryy-^  town  of  Hindoofl:an,in  theCar- 
natic.     -zo  miles  SW.  Cuddalorc. 

BoTigo,  or  Bungo,  one  of  the  Japanefe 
iflands.     isw^g";  131.  56.  E.   L^it.  t,z.  41.  N. 

B'j:!gol,  a  town  on  the  call  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Panay.  Long.  122.  12.  E.  X^/. 
10.  36.  N. 

Bonh'-.f,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  marg- 
gravate  of  Anfpach.  2  m.  NNE.  Heilfbronn. 

Bok:,  fee  Bony. 

Bonifux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mouths  of  the  Rhone.  24  miles 
E.  Avignon. 

Bonifacio,  or  Bonfacio,  a  feaport-town  of 
the  ifland  of  Corfica,  on  thefouth  coaft;  the 
town  is  imall,  and  fortified,  and  tiie  harbour 
fafe.  8.}  miles  S.  Baftia.  Long.  9.  19.  E. 
Lat.  41.  II.  N. 

Bonilla,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  north-weft  of  Banks's  Ifland. 
Long.  229.  38.  E.  Lat.  $1.  30.  N. 

Bonilla,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile. 
55  miles  NW.  Avila. 

Bonita,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea, 
rear  the  weft  coaft  of  Madagafcar.  Long. 
48.  10.  W.  Lat.  14.  27.  S. 

Bonizo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mincio,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the 
Po,  oppofite  Oftiglia. 

Bonlhu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ardeche.  15  miles  NNW, 
Tournon. 

BoTunont,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne.     12  miles  N.  Geneva. 

Bonn,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhine  and  Mozelle,  lately  be- 
longing to  the  eleclorate  of  Cologn,  fituated 
on  the  left  fide  of  the  Rhine.  According  to 
Florus,  it  was  built  by  Drulius,  brother  of 
Tiberius,  and  called  Ara  Urbiorum.  It 
was  one  of  the  fortrefl'es  againft  the  Ger- 
mans, and  the  winter-quarters  of  the  li>:th 
legion  in  the  time  of  Tacitus.  Julian  repaired 
and  fortified  it.  Bonn  is  a  beautiful  town, 
the  ftrcets  are  wide,  and  the  fortifications  in 
repair:  here  is  a  palace  beloncring  to  the  Elec- 
tor of  Cologn,  who  ufed  to  keep  his  court 
here.  In  1673,  this  citv  having  been  put  into 
the  hands  of  Louis  XIV.  by  the  Eledor, 
William  prince  of  Orange  laid  fiege  to  it, 
and  in  a  few  days  compelled  the  garrifon  to 
furrender.  In  1689,  it  was  taken  by  the  Mar- 
quis of  Brandenburg;  and  in  the  year  1703, 
it  was  taken  by  a  detachment  of  the  Duke  of 
Marlborough's  army,  under  the  command  of 
General  Bulau:  tlie  laft  ficge  continued  from 
the  24th  of  April  to  the  15th  of  May,  and 
?ooo  men  loft  their  lives  on  both  fides.  On 
OSi.  6th,  i'/94,  it  was  taken  by  the  French. 


BON 

14  m.  SSE.  Colcgn,  30  E.  Aix-Ia-Chapclle- 
Long.  7.  6.  E.  Lat.  50.  40.  N. 

Bonnay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Doubs.  6  m.  N.  Befangon. 

Bonn  J,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Mont  Blanc.     10  m.ESE.  Geneva. 

Bonne  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland.  Long.s:-,.'^^.  Lat.j^().  35. N. 

Bo?!?ie  Efperance,  an  abbey  of  Kainau, 
near  which  the  French  obtained  a  victory 
over  the  allied  troops,  on  the  21ft  of  May, 
1794.     3  miles  SSVV.  Binche. 

Bonnc'"ifq,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Calvados.  6  m.  SW.  Pont 
i'Eveque. 

Bonneguir,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  Gol- 
conda.     18  miles  E.  Hydrab;id. 

Bonner,  a  town  of  North-Carolina,  on  the 
Tar.     ID  miles  SE.  Gieeneville. 

Bonnet,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs  into 
the  Lough  Gill.    5  miles  ESE.  S]i{|o. 

Bonnetable,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Sarte,  anciently  called  Ma- 
leflable.     9  miles  "\V.  la  Ferte  Bernard. 

Bonneval,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Mont  Blanc.  32  miles  E.  St.  Jean 
de  Maurienne. 

Bonneval,^  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eure  and  Loire.  It  contams 
about  i8co  inhabitants.  15  miles  S.  Char- 
tres,  7  N.  Chateaudun. 

Bonneville,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mont  Blanc,  heretofore  the  ca- 
pital of  Lower  Faucigny.  On  the  north 
hde  of  the  town  is  an  ancient  caftle,  fup- 
pbfed  to  have  been  built  by  Bf)na  of  Bour- 
bon, wife  of  Amadeus  VI.  count  of  Savoy. 
14  miles  SE.  Geneva.  Long.  6.  21.  E.  Lat. 
46.  4.  N. 

Bonneville,  fee  Neuville. 

Botineville  les  Bouchoiix,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  Jura.  6  m.  S.St.C!aude.. 

Bonny,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loiret,  containing  about  ijoo 
inhabitants.     9  miles  SSE.  Gien. 

Bonny,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  A_tlantic,  Lat.  4.  35..N. 

Bono,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Englifli  chan- 
nel, near  the  coaft  of  France.  Long.  2,.  32. 
W.  Z^.'.  48.53.  N. 

Bonoa,  alinall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  Indian 
fea,  near  the  weft  coaft  of  Ceram,  Long. 
128.  12.  E.  Lat.  2.  59.  S. 

Bonfal,  a  town  of  England,  in  Derbyfliire, 
with  about  1200  inhabitants.  6  miles  N. 
Wr  kfworth. 

Bontkain,  a  fcaport  town  of  the  ifland 
of  Celebes,  belonging  to  the  Dutch  fituatad 
on  the  north-caft  part  of  a  large  bay,  whete 
fl)ips  may  lie  inperfeft  fecurity  during  both 
the  monlbons;  the  foundings  are  good  and 
regular,  and  the  bottom  fbft  mud  ;  nor  is 
there  any  danger  coming  in,  but  a  ledge  of 
rocks  which  are  above  water,  and  are  a  good 


BON 


BOO 


mark  for  anchoring.  The  hi.qheH:  land  in 
fight  here  is  called  Bonthain  hill,  and  when 
2  ihip  is  in  the  ofnng  at  the  diihmce  of  two 
or  three  miles  fiom  the  land,  (lie  fhould 
bring  this  hill  N.  or  N.  half  W.  and  then 
run  in  with  it  and  anchor.  Here  is  a  fmall 
pallifadoed  fort,  on  which  there  are  mounted 
eight  guns  that  carry  a  ball  ofabou'  eight 
pounds  weight;  it  is  jufl:  fufficient  to  keep 
the  country  people  in  fubje<ftion,  and  is  in- 
tended for  no  other  purpcfe.  It  lies  on  the 
foutli  lide  of  a  fmall  river,  and  there  is 
vater  for  a  fiiip  to  come  clofe  to  it.  Wood 
and  water  are  to  be  to  obtained  here  in 
plenty.     Long.  117.  28.  E.  hat  5.  11.  S. 

Bantaliint,  a  town  of  Hindoortan,  in  tlie 

circar  of  Cuddapa.    15  m.  NW.  Gandicotta. 

Bonteni,  a  town  of  Cochin-China,  on  a 

river  which  runs  into  the  Chinefe  fea.  Long. 

109.  3.  E.  l.af.  12.  15   N. 

Bonto-Bojito,  a  town  on  the  weft  coafl  of 
the  ifland  of  Celebes.  Long.  119.  58.  E. 
JLaf.  4.  30.  S. 

Boutory,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Braclaw.     20  miles  E.  Braclaw. 

Bonuge,  a  cluflerof  Imall  ilLmds,  near  the 
eift  coaft  of  Borneo.  Long.  n8.  50.  E. 
Ljt.  r.32.N. 

Bofmm  Toivn,  a  town  of  New  Jeifey.  4 
miles  ENE.  New  Bruniwick. 

Bony,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Celebes,  and 
capital  of  a  kingdom  of  tlic  fame  name. 
The  people  of  Bony  are  called  Buggefles,  or 
Bouginefe,  and  are  the  moll:  powertul  nation 
of  the  ifland.  They  are  of  a  middle  ftature, 
itrong,  and  mufcular,  and  of  a  light  brown 
complexion  ;  there  are  fome  of  them  who 
a?"C  eren  nearly  as  fair  as  Europeans,  efpe- 
cially  among  the  women,  who  have  pleaiing 
countenances,  except  that  their  nofes  are 
are  rather  liattifh.  They  never  attack  their 
adverfaries  openly,  but  always  endeavour  to 
dvflroy  them  by  treachery  ;  thev  will  even 
take  away  the  lives  of  fuch  as  have  never 
offenc'ed  them,  if  they  can  do  it  without  be- 
ing difcovered ;  be  it  only,  as  they  flight- 
inglv  fay,  to  try  whether  their  krifies  are 
good.  Their  krifies  and  aflagavs  are  in  ge- 
rcral  poif  med,  as  are  hkewife  their  little 
riarts,  which  tlicy  blow  through  their  fpm- 
peis,  or  wooden  tubes.  Their  drefs  coniilts 
of  a  piece  of  cotton  cloth,  red  or  blue, 
v/cund  round  die  body,  and  drawn  tight  be- 
tween the  legs.  The  upper  part  of  the 
body  is  n;iked;  upon  the  head  they  wear  a 
piece  of  cotton,  like  an  handkerchief,  with 
^vhictl  they  cover  their  hair,  v/hich  is  very 
Icrg  and  quite  black.  Neither  men  nor 
women  iiifler  any  hair  to  grow  upon  any 
other  parts  of  ihc  body  ;  but  as  is  cullomaty 
with  all  the  IMahonicdans,  in  India,  they 
pluck  It  out  by  the  roots  as  fbon  as  it  ap- 
pears. Their  \'ooA  is  rice,  fiih,  and  pifang, 
and  their  drink  water;  though  they  have 


likewife  fagwire,  or  palm-wine.  The  Bou- 
ginefe women  are  in  general  much  hand- 
fomer  than  thofe  of  any  other  Indian  nation. 
There  are  fjme  among  them,  who,  for  the 
contour  of  their  faces,  v.'ould  be  efttemed 
beauties  even  in  Europe.  ,  Long.  120.  35.  E. 
Lat.  2.  50   S. 

Bo/y  Bay,  called  alfo  Sc-^va  Bay,  and 
Buggejs  Bav,  a  large  bay  or  gulf  of  the 
Eaftern  Indian  ki,  on  the  fouth  coaff  of 
the  illand  of  Celebes,  about  1 80  miles  from 
north  to  fouth,  and  52  to  60  broad  from  eaft 
to  wefl.  It  is  full  of  rocks  and  ilioals.  Long. 
121.  20.  E    J^at.  4.  S. 

Boo  Shatter,  or  Stacor,  a  town  of  Africa, 
in  the  country  of  Tunis,  built  on  the  ruins  of 
the  ancient  Ucica.  20  miles  N.  Tunis. 
Long.  10.  E.  Lat..  37   32.  N. 

Booberack,  a  river  of  Algiers,  which  f.^pa- 
rates  the  fouthern  from  the  eaflern  province, 
and  runs  into  the  Mediterranean  a  little  to 
the  well:  of  Dell ys. 

Boobooan,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Sooloo  fea. 
Long.  122.  9.  E.  Lat.  6.  ij.  N. 

Booby  Lland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Wefl- 
Indies,  near  St.  Chriftopher's. 

Booby  Island,  afinall  ifland  in  theEaflern 
Indian  {ha,  near  the  north  coail  of  New  Hoi* 
land.    Long.  219.  22.  W.  Lat.  10.  23'  S- 

Bochy  Rock,  a  rock  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
near  the  coaft  of  New  Ireland.  5  miles  SE. 
Point  Cartel  et. 

Booby  Sboal,  a  flioal  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
difcoveredbyLieutenantBall  ini79o.  Lo/ig, 
159.  24.  E.  Lat.  31.  24.  S. 

Booda,  a  tcv./n  on  the  fouth  coafl  of  the 
ifland  of  Java.  Lor.g.  106.  36.  E.  Lat. 
7.  14.  s. 

Boodah,  a  province  of  Bengal,  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Bootilhazary,  on  the  eall  by 
Cuos  Beyhar  and  Rungpour,  on  the  fouth 
and  fouth-well:  by  Dinagepour,  and  on  the 
weft  by  Purncah,  about  28  miles  long,  and 
from  5  to  10  broad. 

Boodcgovia,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.     32  miles  \A'SW.  Gooty. 

Boodkotta,  a  town  of  Ilindooflan,  in 
Myfore.     20  miles  SW.  Vencatighery. 

Baodighery,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  My- 
fore.    10  miles  NE.  Bangalore. 

Boofcrjoone,  a  mud-walled  town  of  Africa, 
in  Sahara,  celebrated  for  its  fruit,  cfpccially 
apricots  and  ligs.  It  is  iituated  in  the  Wtd- 
el-Shaier,  125  m.  SSE.  Sherfliell. 

Boog,  or  Bogoc,  a  fm.ill  ifland  of  Den- 
mark, between  the  iflands  of  Moen  and 
Falflcr.     ' 

Boogcbcoge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Cutch  country.  12®  m.  SE.  Tatta,  ico  W. 
Amcdabad.    Long.  69.  2.  E.  Lat.  23.  i.?.  N. 

Boojemah,  a  river  of  Algiers,  which  joins 
the  Seiboufe,  at  Ijona. 
Bool,  fee  Bohol. 

BooUihy  or  Boulah,  a  fmall  ifl.iud  in  the 


BOO 

Calpian  fca,  near  the  weft  coaft.     30  miles 
S.  Baku. 

Boolhurya,  a  town  of  Benp;al,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Bettooriah.     ^^4  m.  SE.  Nattferc. 

Boolcoote,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bag- 
lana.     .",5  niiles  E.  Saler  Moular. 

Booleciniila,  a  town  on  tlie  foath  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Celebes.  Long.  izo.  50.  E. 
Lat,  5.  27.  S. 

Bo^'Ioo,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  the 
the  ifland  of  Celebes.  Long.  120.  8.  E. 
Lat.  5.  ;,5.S. 

Booinhan,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Ludamar. 
16  miles  W.  Benowm. 

Bnomocy-Ojle-Sando,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the 
coaft  of  Norway.     12  miles  W.  Siiroy. 

Boompfji'Sy  a  fmall  ifland  in  a  bay  on  the 
north  coaft  of  New-Guinea.  Long.  135. 
42.  E.  Lat.  2.  54.  S. 

Booms,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North  fea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Lapland.  15  m.  N.  Suroy. 

Boonrtggaft  a  town  of  Algiers.  14  miles 
N.Tubnah. 

B-.m;,  a  town  of  South-Carolina.  20  m. 
WSW.  George-town. 

Boor.,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coaft  of  Main.  Long.  70.  30.  W.  Lat. 
43-  i-N. 

Boonah,  a  town  of  Adatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Sivas,  on  a  point  of  land 
which  projeds  into  the  Black  fea.  95  miles 
E.  Samfoun.     Long.  38.  E.  Lat.  40.  44.  N. 

Boondy,  a  town  of  Kindooftan,  in  the  Agi- 
mere  country.  84  miles  S£.  Agimere,  15 
SSW.  Rantampour.  I.,ong.';6.  26.E.  Lat. 
25. 35. N. 

Boonerfchans,  a  fcfftrefs  of  Groningen, 
on  the  borders  of  Eaft  Friefeland,  about  3 
miles  from  Dollart  Bay,  15  S.  Embden. 

Boongat  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  weft  co^ft  of 
Sumatra.     Long.  99.  52.  E.  Lat.  o.  50.  S. 

Boonjlorough,  a  town  of  the  United  States 
cf  North-America,  in  Kentucky.  18  miles 
SE.  Lexington.  Long.  84.  27.  W.  Lat. 
37-  47- N. 

Booradiing,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Malwa.     27  miles  NNE.  Budawar. 

Boorah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
21  miles  Budayoon. 

Boorlncn,  a  town  of  Algiers.  30  miles 
SVV.  Boujeiat. 

Booron,  a  fmall  ifland,  near  the  weft  coaft 
of  Borneo.  J^ong.  109. 16.  E.  Lat.  o.  21.  N. 

Boor  Sallum,  fee  Burfali. 

Boorfd,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guze- 
rat.     20  miles  ENE.  Cambav. 

Boofangur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Vifi- 
apour.    1 2  miles  NE.  Currer. 

Boofdlavi,  a  river  of  Algiers,  which  rifes 
rear  Seteef,  and  joins  the  Summam  about 
9  miles  SVV.  Boujeiah. 

Boofnah,  a  province  of  Bengal,  bounded 
on  the  north-eaft  by  the  Ganges,  on  the  eaft 
by  the  province  of  Dacca,  on  the  fouth-wcfc 


BOP 

by  Jefl'ore,  and  on  the  weft  by  Mahmcdlhi, 
about  75  miles  long,  and  from  10  to  30 
broad.     Mahmudponr  is  the  capital. 

Boofnah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ben- 
gal, and  capital  of  a  circar  of  the  fame  name. 
10  miles  N.  Mahmudpour,  82  SE.  Moorflie- 
dab;'d.     Long.  89.  43.  E.  Lat.  23.  32.  N. 

Boojfitah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ben- 
gal.    8  miles  N.  Mahmudpour. 

Bootan,  a  country  of  Afia,  fituated  be- 
tween Bengal  and  Thibet,  furroundcd  on 
all  fides  by  very  high  mountains.  Taflafu- 
don  is  the  capital. 

Bootee,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  province 
ofNagpour.  10  miles  NW.  Doefa.  Long. 
84.  37.  E.  Lat.  23.  13.  N. 

Bootee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Baglana. 
45  miles  SE.  Tolnam. 

Bootgony,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  m 
Onifa.     40  miles  SE.  Ruttenpour. 

Boothy  Goldibaiv,  B.oth,  Higher,  Booths 
Loiver,  Booth,  Old,  four  tov/nfliips  of 
England,  in  Lancaihire,  containing  about 
3,400  inhabitants,  of  whom  upwards  of  1550 
are  employed  in  manufactures.  They  all 
are  fituated  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Black- 
burn. 

Booth  aut,%X.ov^r\  of  Bengal, in  the  province 
of  Booti(hazary.     50  m.  N.  Dinagepour. 

Bootlshazary,  a  province  of  I5engal, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Bootan  and  Morung, 
on  the  eaft  by  Coos  Beyiiar,  on  the  fouth  by 
Boodah,  and  on  the  weft  by  Purneah  and 
Morung,  about  25  miles  long,  and  15  broad. 
Sanalhygotta  is  the  chief  town. 

Boothypour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.     25  miles  SE.  Pillibeat. 

Boonrou,  a  fmall  ifland,  near  the  eaft  coalt 
of  Otaheite. 

Bopaltol,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  and  ca- 
pital of  a  circar  of  the  fame  name,  in  tlie 
country  of  Malwa.  90  miles  E.  Ougein, 
368  S.Delhi.  /,o;7g".  77,3c.E. -L«/.  23. 15  N. 

Bopara,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bag- 
lana.     32  miles  E.  Baifeen. 

Bopfingen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Oettingen,  on  the  Eger.  It  was 
an  Imperial  town  till  the  year  1800,  when  it 
was  given  among  the  indemnities,  agreeably 
with  the  peace  of  Luneville,  to  the'Eiedor  of 
Bavaria.  It  p;ud  20  florins  for  a  Roman 
month,  and  was  taxed  at  13  rix-dollars,  16 
kruitzers.  5  miles  N.  Nordlingen,  28  NNE. 
Ulm.     Long.  10.  22.  E.  Lat.  48.  48.  N. 

BoppenhauTen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifliopric  of^Wurzburg.  3  miles  NNW. 
Schweinfurt. 

Boppart,  or  Boppard,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle, 
lately  belonging  to  the  lovvcr  eleiff orate,  a 
place  of  confideiable  antiquity,  and  once  im- 
perial, built  on  the  margin  of  the  Rhine, 
and  furrounded  with  walls.  A  toll  was  ex. 
aftcd  here   of  vefl'els  navigating  the  Rhine, 


B  O  K 


B  O  R 


which  was  divided  between  the  eie(flor  and 
the  houfe  of  Hefie.  On  a  mountain  above 
the  town  is  a  Benedidine  nunviery,  founded 
in  the  nth  century  for  noble  famihes  only. 
8  miles  S.  Coblentz,  48  NE.  Treves.  Long. 
f.  .-;,3.  E.  LaL  50.  15.  N. 
•  Boqueron,  a  lake  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Caraccas.  30  miles  SE.  Segovia 
Nueva. 

Boquiai  fee  Bekla. 

Boqu,  a  town  of  Guinea,  fituated  in  the 
mouth  of  the  A.o  Suiero  da  Cofta. 

Bcquinaif  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon. 
j8  miles  NW.  Sarag(jffa. 

Boqiterones ■,  a  duller  of  fniall  iflands  in 
the  Spanilh  Main,  near  the  coaft  of  Darien. 
lying.  77.  45-  "VV.  Lat.  8.  SS-  N. 

Bor,  fee  Hayd. 

Brjra,  a  town  of  Bengal.  16  m.  N.  Noonv. 

Borabajou,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cele- 
bes, where  are  manufadures  ot  cotton  and 
iilk  fluffs. 

Ba?-ah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Malwa. 
30  miles  SW.  Seronge. 

Borah},  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Weft  Goth- 
land; the  ir>habira?its  are  chiefly  travelling 
pedlars.    10  m.  SW.  Ulrichamn. 

Borivigos,  Los,  rocks  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
Bear  the  coaft  of  Mexico.  Lat.  16.  46.  N. 

Bora;:ii^  town  of  Arabia,  ico  miles  N. 
Jamam;;-.- 

Boratiraj,  a  clufter  of  fmall  iflands,  near 
tlie  coaft  of  South-America.  Lq/ig.  65.  W. 
X-at.  iQ.  15.  N. 

Bonzuy  a  tov;n  of  Sileha,  in  the  principa- 
lity of  Breflau.     18  miles  S.  Breflau. 

Bcrhas,  a  town  ol  Portugal,  in  Alentejo. 
It  was  once  fortified,  but  being  taken  and 
plundered  by  the  Spaniards  in  1662,  it  has 
declined,  and  is  now  a  poor  place.  7  miles 
E.  Eftremoz. 

Borho,  a  river  of  Piedmont,  v/hich  runs 
into  the  Tanaro,  at  Afti. 

/jVc'/^j-a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy 
cf  Maf^deburg.     la  miles  from  Magdeburg. 

Borchei-:^  or  BorkiVi,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  bifhopric  of  Manftcr,  fituated  on  the 
Aa,  wiib  a  manufatiure  of  cloth.  30  miles 
W.  Munfter.  Lo7ig.  6. 48. E.  Lcit.  52.  j i.N. 

BorchJfnt"u!,  a  town  of  Turkifh  Armenia, 
in  the  government  of  Erzcrum.  24  miles 
N.  Ifpirah. 

Borchlosn,  or  I.oofz,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  Lower  Mcule.  Before  its  cellion  to 
Trance,  the  capital  of  a  fmall  county,  called 
Loofz.     12  miles  NW.  Liege. 

^V;r/W::, atownot  Germany,  inlhebifliop- 
ric  of  Padciburn.    8  miles  NNVV.  W.irl.urg. 

BorclorJ},  ice  Bor^horjl. 

Bcrcly.vorvty  or  Borgivorm,  or  JVara?!, 
a  town  of  France,  in  the  department  of  the 
Ourte.     lo  miles  W.  Liege. 

Borcki't  a  town  of  Paiiiia,  in  the  circle  of 
'N.uangea.     10  milts  N.  lleilfpcrg. 


Borckeloe,  or  Borcklo,  a  town  of  Holland, 
in  the  county  of  Zutphen,  on  the  confines 
of  the  biftiopric  of  Munfter,  fituated  on  the 
river  Berckcl.  Borckeloe  has  been  rendered 
remarkable,  as  being  the  fubjeft  of  two  wars, 
which  the  States  General  were  engaged  in  ; 
firft,  againl!:  the  Bifhop  of  Munfter,  in  1665  ; 
and  fecondly,  againft  France,  in  1672.  The 
occafion  was  this:  in  1553,  after  the  death 
of  Joffe,  the  laft  of  the  comtes  de  Bronchorts, 
lords  of  Borckeloe,  there  was  a  great  difpute 
between  the  Bifliop  of  Munfler  and  the  Comte 
de  Lvn";burg-Styrum.  The  Bifhop  afi'erted, 
that  Gilbert  comte  of  Borkeloe  had  volun- 
tarily done  homage  for  the  figniory  of  Borc- 
keloe, which  nov/  became  a  vacant  fief. 
George  comte  cf  Lymbourg,  who  had  ef- 
poufed  Inroegarde  of  Bronchorft,  the  daugh- 
ter of  the  Lift  comte,  Jofte's  brother,  being 
fupported  by  the  States  General,  laid  claim 
to  Borckeloe,  as  dependant  on  the  dutchy  of 
Guelderland,  .to  whole  territory  it  was  ad- 
judged in  1616,  by  an  arret  of  the  council 
fitting  at  Ainheim.  In  1665,  the  bifhop, 
whole  name  v/as  Chriftopher  Bernard  de 
Ghalen,  one  of  the  braveft  men  of  the  age, 
declared  war  againft  Holland,  feized  on 
Borckeloe,  and  fcvcral  places  in  the  provinces 
of  Overiffc!,  Groningen,  and  Zutphen,  hav- 
ing levied  an  army  0^35,000  men, and  being 
fupported  by  fome  other  powers;  however, 
in  1667,  a  peace  was  made  by  the  mediation 
of  the  Eledor  of  Brandenburg,  and  in  vir- 
tue of  a  treaty  at  Cloves,  the  Bifhop  renounced 
his  claim  toBorckeloe,  and  its  dependencies. 
In  1672,  the  quarrel  was  renewed,  and  lerved 
as  a  pretence  to  Louis  XIV.  to  dechue  war 
againft  the  States  General,  from  whom  he 
took  72  towns  in  one  campaign.  The  Biiliop 
of  Munfter  took  Borckeloe,  which  was  again 
reftorcd  by  a  treaty  concluded  at  Coiogn, 
ths  nth  of  April  1674;  fince  which  it  has 
been  fortified,  and  furniftied  always  with  a 
good  garrifon.  15  miles  ENE.  Zutphen,  . 
42  WNW.  Munfter,  Long.  6.  aa.E  Lat. 
52.  12.  N. 

Borco,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Trevifan. 
II  miles  WNW.  Trevigio. 

BorcHV!y  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  German 
Ocean,  near  the  coaft  of  Eaft-Friefeland. 
Long.  6.  32.  E.     Lat.  s^,.  36-  N. 

Bord,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Correze.     24  miles  E.  Tulle. 

Bord,  a  river  of  Moravia,  which  runs  into 
the  Marfch,  5  miles  N.  Muglitz. 

BordeattK,  a  town  of  France,  in  thedcparrt- 
mcnt  of  the  Drome.     10  miles  S\^'.  Die. 

Bordekoav,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate ofLemberg.     36  miles  S.Lemberg, 

Bordciitonvn,  a  tov/n'of  United  America, 
in  the  fiatc  of  Ncw-Jcrfey,  fituated  on  the 
fouth-w^it  fide  of  the  Delaware.  It  was 
taken  by  the  Britifli  troops  in  May  177S,  a 
battery  dcllroyed,  and  icveral  vcliels  burned. 


B  0  R 


B  0  R 


S  mllcsNE. Burlington,  23  NE.  Philadelphia. 
Long.  74.  46.  W.     Lat.  40.  8.  N. 

Bsrderes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  nigiier  Pyrenees,  iz  miles  S. 
La  Barthe. 

Border,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Arrlege,  22  miles  W.  Mirepoix. 

Bcrdiczoiv,  a  town  oF  Poland,  in  Volhy- 
ria.     34  miles  SSW.  Zytomicrs. 

Bordighcra,  a  town  of  Genoa.  8  miles 
E.  Viniimigha. 

Bordijhohi,  a  town  of  Holftein.  16  miles 
W.  Ploen,  IS  N.  Hamburg. 

BordoNm-co,?i  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  the  province  of  Servia.  18  miles  ESE. 
Piftrina. 

Bordoe,  one  of  the  Faroe  iflands,  with  a 
harbour  on  the  north-weil  coaft. 

Bordogiut,  a  town  of  ftaly,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Serio.     15  miles  N.  Bergamo. 

Bore,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Cara- 
mania.     70  miles  ENE.  Cogni. 

Bore,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs  into  the 
Slaney,  2  miles  S.  Ennilcorthy. 

Bore,  a  town  of  Hinctooftan,  in  Dowlata- 
bad.     25  miles  E.  Poonah. 

Borea,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  x^tlantic,  Lat.  3. 10.  N. 

Boreah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Malwa. 
8  miles  NNE.  Seronje. 

Borehoi?n,  one  of  the  fnialler  Shetland 
iflands,  near  the  weft  coaft  of  Mainland. 
L'.ng.  2.  o.  W.     Lat.  60.  38.  N. 

Bcrek,  a  town  of  Pruffian  Poland,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Kalifh.     28  miles  W.  Kalilli. 

Borek,  fee  GerkoiiK 

Borenjlein,  fee  BarenJ}eif:. 

Boreray, ont  of  the  fmaller  Weftern  iflands 
of  Scotland,  fituated  about  three  miles  north 
of  North  Uift.  Long.  7.  18.  W.  Lat.  57. 
43-  N. 

Borsfall,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bog- 
gilcund,  on  an  ifland  in  the  Soane.  15  miles 
Makocr,da. 

Borgazano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rubicon.     3  miles  S.  Rimini. 

Borg,  or  Burg,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in 
the  ifland  of  Femern.  Long.  11.  8.  E. 
LcTt.  54.  30.  N.  _^ 

Borge,  a  town  in  the  iiiand  of  Cephalonia. 
a  miles  S.  Cephalonia. 

BorgeJitrkk,  or  Borrenr'ik,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  bilhopric  of  Paderborn.  j  miles 
NNE.  Warburg. 

Borghetto,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Benaco-.  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Mincio,  oppolite  Valeggio,  where,  in  tlic 
beginning  of  June  1796,  a  f'evere  bittle  was 
fought  between  the  French  and  Auflrians,  in 
which  the  latter  loft  1500  men,  and  500 
horfes;  the  French  pafl'ed  the  river,  and 
took  Valeggio. 

Borghetto,  a  town  of  Genoa.  8  miles  E. 
Albenga. 


Bor^)ctto,  a  town  of  the  bi/hopric  of 
Trent,  near  the  Adige.  8  miles  SciW.  Ro- 
vercdo. 

Borgkohn,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  ifland 
of  Oeland.  In  tlie  year  1455  this  was  taken 
by  the  Danes;  in  1511,  it  was  retaken  by 
the  Swedes  \  and  in  1613,  it  was  again  taken 
by  the  Danes. 

Borgcdzhaufen,  a  town  of  Germany,  ia 
the  county  of  Ravenfberg.  6  miles  SW« 
Hcrvorden. 

Borghorji,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifliopric  of  Muiiftcr.     3  miles  E.  Steinfort. 

Borgi,  a  town  of  Algiei  s.    6  m.  S.  Bifcara. 

Borgnas,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince 6f  Nyland.    22  m.  NNE.  Helfingfors, 

Borgo,  a  town  ofEtruria.  31  miles  NW. 
Florence.     Long.  10.  37.  E.  Lat.  44.  6.  N. 

Borgo,  a  feaport  town  of  Sweden,  in  the 
province  of  Nyland,  on  a  river  of  the  fame 
name,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Finland, 
about  ten  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  an 
ancient  town,  and  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  v/ith  a 
good  college;  the  harbour  is  but  indifferent. 
There  is  fome  trade,  chiefly  for  cloth.  25 
miles  ENE.  Helfingfors.  Long.  25.  40.  E, 
Lat.  60.  23.  N. 

Borgo  d^iles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Doria.  6  miles  WSW. 
Ivrea. 

Borgo  d'Jff}deieh,  a  tov/n  of  the  ifland  of 
Cyprus.     3  miles  NVV.  Baffa. 

Borgo-Franco,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Doria.     3  miles  N.  Ivreai 

Borgo  de  Fornari,  a  town  of  Genoa.  10 
miles  N.  Genoa. 

Borgofortf,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mincio,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Oglio  and  the  Po.  In  the  year  1702,  this 
town  was  garrifoned  by  German  troops, 
from  whom  it  was  taker,  by  the  French;  and 
on  the  2  7th  of  October,  1796,  Gen.WurmfLT 
was  repulfed  near  it  by  the  French.  3  miles 
SSW.  Mantua. 

Borgo  Maniera,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Gogno.  12  miles  NNW. 
Novara,  11  ESE.  Borgo  de  Sefia.  Long.  8. 
27.  E.  Lat.  45.  42  N. 

Borgo  d'Ofina,  (El)  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Old  Caftile,  on  a  fmall  river,  that  fbon  after 
runs  into  the  Duero,  near  the  town  of  Olma, 
which  is  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  but  the  cathedral 
and  epifcopal  palace  are  fituated  in  Borgo  d* 
Ofma.  It  is  fm  rounded  with  walls,  and  con- 
tains about  200  families.  40  miles  SE.  Bur- 
gos, 23  W.  Soria.  Long.  a.  57.  W.  Lat. 
41.  46.  N. 

Borgo  St.  Dahnazzo,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Stura.  3  miles 
SW.  Coni. 

Borgo  St.  Don/no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Piacenza,  fituated  on  the  Stirone; 
it  owes  it*;  foundation  to  the  death  of  St. 
Douino,  who  wus  beheaded  liej^e  in  304. 


B  O  R 

Pilgrims  coming  to  his  tomb,  buih  a  churcTi, 
boules  were  added,  and  increafed  to  a  town, 
It  is  now  the  iee  of  a  bifhop,  iufFiagan  of 
Bologna,  and  contains  a  cathedral,  fourparifh 
churches,  iix  convents,  and  a  college,  iz 
miles  NW.  Parma,  i8  SE.  Piacenza. 

Borgo  de  St.  Marco,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  Paduan.     5  miles  WSW.  Montagnano. 

Borgo  d'l  St.  Sdpolcro,  a  town  of  Etruria, 
Ctuated  near  the  fource  of  the  Tiber,  on 
the  borders  of  the  Popedom,  with  a  fort 
':  buiit  on  a  rock.  It  is  a  f-ef  of  the  Pope, 
and  fee  of  a  billiop,  fuffragan  of  Florence; 
it  contains  four  churches,  and  feveral  con- 
vents. 48  miles  ESE.  Florence,,.  11  NE. 
Arezzo.     Long.  12.  8.  E.     Lat.  43.  2,^'  N. 

Borgo  diScJia,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gogno,  chief  town  of  a 
diftrict  called  Vul  de  Sefia.  20  miles  NW. 
ISTovara,,  50NNE.  Turin.  Long.  8.  i6.E. 
Lat.  45.  43.  N. 

Borgo  VercelU,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  tiie  Gogno.  3  miles  KE. 
Vercelli. 

Borgo  di  Val  di  Taro,  a  town  of  the 
dutchy  of  Parma,  and  capital  of  the  Val  di 
Taro.  2S  miles  S.  Cremona,  23  SW.  Parma. 

Borgogni,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Otranto.     7  miles  N.  Otranto. 

Borgogtjoni,  a  fmall  illand  in  the  Adriatic, 
near  the  coaft  of  Venice,  and  by  means  of  a 
•wooden  bridge  connected  with  Torccllo. 

Borgona,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  8 
miles  NNE.  Friuli. 

Borgsio,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Anger- 
mannland.     38  miles  \V.  Sundfwall. 

Borgstali,  a  town  and  bailiwic  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  Old  Marck  of  Brandenburg. 
12  miles  SSW.  Stcndal. 

Borgnx.'orvi,  fee  Borchnvonn. 

Boria,  or  Borja,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Aragon,  litiiated  near  Mount 
Cayo,  in  one  of  the  moft  agreeable  fpots  in 
the- whole  province.  It  contains  three  pa- 
rith  churches,  3  convents,  and  an  hofpltal. 
34  n)iles  Vv'NW.Saragofla,  24  N.  Calataiud. 
jLi/7.^.  1.34  W.    7.^^41.50.  N 

Borja,  ice  St.  Trancijlo  dc  Borja. 

Bonah^  a  tov/n  of  liindooltan,  in  Criffa. 
45  miles  NVv\  Ruttunpour. 

^Borjian,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  province 
of  Kerman.    50  niilcs  S.  Kieh. 

Borjckjit,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate ot  Podolia.     28  miles  E.  Kaminiec. 

Boriqnen,  lee  Bicqiie. 

BorigneUa,  a  province  of  South  America, 
in  the  country  of  New  Grenada. 

Bori/cglUI-jk,  a  town  of  Rufiia,  in  the  go- 
veinp.eut  of  Jariflavl.  20  miles  W.Jaiillavl, 
32  Et'E.  Pcterfluug. 

Borifcglicvjl,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  go- 
vernment ot  Tambov.  72  m.  SSE.  Tambov, 
644^SSE.  Pacrfuurg. 

Biri/cglid'jhiiiu^  a  fortrcfs  of  RulTia,  on  the 


B  O  R 

Dnieper,  in  the  government  of  Ekaterinonav 
48  miles  NW.  Ekaterinoflav. 

Borijfoiv,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Minflc.     36  miles  E.  Minilc. 

BoriJlan.,-<i  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Leiim.eritz.     7  miles  SE.  Toplitz. 

Borijibenes,  fee  Dnieper. 

Bcritfch,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
ofPilfen.     12  SSE.  Pilfen. 

Borkan.)  a  town  of  Periia,  in  the  province 
of  Larifian.     64  miles  SW.  Lar. 

Borkelo,  fee  Borckeloe. 

Borken,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  Sudavia.  4 
miles  S.  Johanncfburg. 

Borken,  iee  Borchen. 

Borken.,  a  town  ot  Germany,  in  the  prin« 
cipality  of  Kefle.     8  miles  S.  Fritzlar. 

Borkum,  a  fmall  illand  in  the  German  fea, 
near  the  coaft  ot  Eaft-Friefland.  Long.  6. 
40.  E.     Z«/.  53.  34.  N. 

BorkzoRvka,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Podolia.     20  WNW.  Kaminiec. 

Borla,  a  tovi^n  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Na- 
tolia,  fuppoied  by  Dr.  Pocock  to  be  the 
ancient  Bithynium,  which  D'Anville  places  at 
Baftan. 

Bormes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, near  aflat  fhore,  which  ferves  for 
a  port,  whither  the  veffels  which  cannot 
reach  the  gulf  of  Hieres  before  a  tempeft 
retire.     9  miles  E.  Hieres,  24  NW.  Frejus. 

Bor?nida,  or  Bcrmia,  a  river  of  Italy, 
which  runs  into  the  Tanaro  near  Alexandria. 

Bor?/!ida,  a  town  of  Genoa.  12  miles  W. 
Savona. 

Bcr7!i!o,  a  county  of  the  Grifons,  on 
the  confines  of  the  Tyrolefe,  about  ten 
leagues  long,  and  nearly  as  niany  broad; 
furrounded  on  every  lide  by  the  Alps, 
with  only  one  opening,  called  the  Serra, 
through  which  the  river  Adda  paffes.  The 
foil  is  fertile,  and  feeds  a'great  number  of 
cattle.  The  mountains  produce  uftFcrent 
kinds  of  minerals,  efpecially  iron.  It  for- 
merly made  part  of  the  Valteline,  from  which 
it  was  feparatcd  at  the  end  of  the  twelfth 
century,  and  has  lince  that  time  formed  a 
dilferent  Ihite.  After  having  often  changed 
maftcrs,  it  iinally  Kcame  fubjed  to  the  Gri- 
fons in  the  year  15 13,  but  with  peculiar  pri- 
vileges and  immunities.  A  governor,  who 
is  called  Podefta,  is  appointed  every  two 
years,  with  an  authority  lb  confined,  that  he 
has  no  power  independent  of  the  council,  in 
which  he  has  no  more  than  a  calling  vote. 
All  the  inhabitants  are  Roman  Catholics;  and 
in  i'pirituals,  under  the  bifliop  of  Coire. 

Boniiio,  the  capital  of  a  county  io  called, 
lituated  at  the  foot  of  Mount  liralio,  be- 
tween the  rivers  /^dda  and  Fredolfo.  It  is 
the  rclidence  of  the  Grifon  Podefla,  and 
contains  about  looo  inhabitants.  About  a 
mile  from  the  town  are  the  baths  of  Burniio, 


B  O  R 

recomncndcd  for  rheumatic  complaints,  &c. 
In  1 799,  the  town  wa:i  taken  by  the  French, 
after  a  battle  in  which  the  Auftrians  were 
defeated.  30  miles  SE.  Coire,  45  NW. 
Trent.     Lou^.  10.  22.E.  Lat.^d.  17.  N. 

Bonms,  atjwn  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Seville.     6  miles  NE.  Arcos. 

Born,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne,  anddilirift  of 
Monfianquui.    4  miles  NNW.  Monflanquin. 

Borna,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  terri- 
tory of  Leiplic,  lituatedon  an  iiland,  formed 
by  the  rivers  Wichra  and  Pleifs.  It  contains 
two  churclics;  the  chief  employment  of  the 
inhabitants  is  m  inufatluring  Ituifs.  la  miles 
SSE.Leipfic.  Long.  12.  z6.E.  Lat.  i\.  7.N. 

Botfie,  a  1  iver  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  Tame,  ab.nit  a  mile  SW.  Tamworth. 

Borne,  a  river  of  Savoy,  which  runs  into 
the  Arve,  two  miles  N.  from  Bonneville. 

Borneo,  an  iiland  in  the  Eaft-Indian  fea; 
before  the  difcovery  of  New-Holland,  confi- 
deredas  the  largelt  ifland  in  the  world,  being 
about  600  leagues  in  circumference;  difco- 
vered  by  the  Spaniards  who  failed  with 
Magellan  in  15  21.  The  interior  parts  are 
but  little  known";  we  can  only  judge  of  its 
productions  by  thoie  which  Ada  and  Europe 
purchafe;  fuch  as  gold  in  duft  and  ingots, 
copper,  tin,  iron,  bezoar,  diamonds,  pearls, 
camphor,  lac,  benzoin,  fandal  and  other 
woods,  pepper  white  and  black,  and  the  heft 
rice  of  the  Eaif-Indies.  Cloves  and  nutmegs 
are  faid  to  grow  on  the  tops  of  fome  of  the 
mountains;  cofi'ee  grows  here,  and  a  variety 
cA  aromatic  herbs,  lemon  and  orange-trees, 
mangoes,  pines,  palms,  &c.  Few  countries 
produce  fach  a  variety  of  beautiful  birds,  and 
on  the  rocks  are  found  a  great  number  of 
birds'  ne!f  s,  fo  much  efteemed  at  the  tables 
of  the  eaft.  The  ourang-outang,  fo  like  the 
human  form,  ib  found  here,  as  alfu  apes  and 
monkies,  white  and  black  elephants,  tigers, 
panthers,  leopards,  antelopes,  wild  boars, 
&c.  The  ifland  is  divided  into  l(;;veral 
Itates  or  kingdoms,  which  principally  take 
their  names  froiii  the  towns  v/herc  the  chief 
refides.  Tne  air  of  the  ifland  is  reckoned 
very  unv.holefoiTie,  an  inconvenience  occa- 
fioned  by  the  country  being  luw  in  fome 
places,  and  mailhy ;  on  this  accaunt  it  is  but 
thinly  peopled,  though  it  abounds  in  very 
rich  commodities.  When  the  Dutch  firlt 
fettled  in  the  Eaft-Indies,  they  were  ex- 
tremely folicitous  about  eflablifhing  their 
factories  at  B.irnco;  and  accordmgly  they 
fixed  them  at  the  cicy  of  that  name,  ai  Sam- 
bas, and  at  Suocadico;  but  they  foon  found, 
by  the  repeated  plunder  of  their  iettlements, 
and  the  malfacrc  of  all  that  were  in  them, 
that  tliere  was  no  luch  thing  ?.s  oe^liiig  with' 
the  inhabitants,  who  ai"e  certainly,  if  their 
relations  he  true,  the  bafell,  crueiieif,  and 
molt  perfidiuui  >ieople  in  the  world.    The 


B  0  R 

Dutch  therefore  quitted  the  ifland,  and  tho* 
invited  thither  fevcral  times  (ince,  have  abfo- 
lutely  refilled  to  return,  though  they  iend 
fliips  occafionally,  and  man  ge  with  great 
caution ;  but  for  the  molt  part  tliey  leave  tlut 
people  to  come  and  feek  European  commo- 
dities at  Batavia,  or  to  purchafe  them  at  fe- 
cond  hand  fioni  the  Chinele,  who  trade 
thither,  and  to  Borneo  alio,  their  natural 
diihdence  lecuring  them  from  this  innate 
{pirit  of  fraud  and  cruelty  which  reigns 
amongft  thefe  treacherous  idanders.  There 
is  not  now  any  European  fettlement  in  the 
whole  ifland,  and  yet  the  commerce  of  Bor- 
neo conlills  in  as  rich  goods  as  any  in  all 
the  Indies.  At  Sambas  and  Succadana  they 
deal  in  diamonds,  of  which  there  is  a  mine 
in  the  heart  of  the  country.  Thefe  flones 
are  generally  from  four  to  twenty-four  carats, 
and  there  are  fome  found  of  thirty  and  forty 
carats;  but  the  whole  trade  does  not  amount 
to  above  600  carats  a  year.  They  always 
fell  thefe  ftones  for  gold,  though  tliat  like- 
wife  is  the  commodity  of  the  ifland,  and 
though  there  is  a  confiderable  trade  for 
gold-duft  carried  on  at  Pahang,  SayaCalan- 
tan,  Seribas,  Catra,  and  Melonha.  Bezoar 
of  the  fineft  fort  is  another  article,  in  their 
trade,  not  at  all  inferior  in  its  value  to  the 
former.  Sapan-wood,  fine  wax,  and  feveral 
rich  gums,  are  alio  met  with  there;  but  after 
all,  the  Ifaple  commodity  of  the  whole  ifland 
is  pepper,  of  which  there  is  much,  and  as 
good  as  in  almoft  any  part  of  the  Inuies- 
Before  the  Portuguefe  difcovered  a  palfage 
to  the  Indies  by  the  Cape  of  Good-Hope, 
the  Chinele  were  in  pofl'cllion  of  all  tlie  trade 
of  this  ifland,  and  lince  the  Europeans  have 
declined  fettling  there,  it  is  again,  at  leaft:  in 
a  great  mcafure,  fallen  into  their  hands.  The 
places  v/here  they  are  fettled,  belides  Bnn- 
jar-MaiTim,  are  Mampua,  Teya,  Lando, 
and  Sambas;  where  they  carry  on  a  very  ex- 
tenlive  commerce,  and  furnhli  the  inhabi- 
tants in  return  v^ith  lilks,  chintz,  calicoes, 
and,  in  fliort,  all  the  manufa^ffures  of  China 
and  Japan. 

Borneo,  a  feaport  and  capital  of  tl:a 
ifland  fo  called,  large,  populous,  and  corr:- 
mercial,  with  a  good  harbour.  It  is  built  oa 
piles,  and  fituated  in  a  large  bay,  on  the 
north-vv^cft  iide  of  the  ifland.  Long.  112. 
40.  E.     Lat.  3.  40.  N. 

Bornevelt,  a  town  of  Germany,  In  the 
dutehy  of  Berg.     3  miles  W.  Lennep. 

Bornhchn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  tlie  ter- 
ritory of  Francfort  on  the  Mayne.  i  mile 
NE.  Francfort. 

Bornhi  m,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Scheldt.  Sm.NE.Dendcrmond. 

Bornhobn,  an  ifland  of  Denmark,  in  tlie 
Baltic  fea,  about  twenty-one  miles  in  circum- 
ference,  nearly  funounded  with  rocks.  I'he 
foil  is  iiony  but  feitile,  with  excellent  paf- 


B  O  R 

teres;  oits,  butter,  and  fuli,  conflitute  the 
principal  riches  of  the  inhabitants.  There 
aie  mines  of  coal  and  quanies  of  marble  in 
the  ifland.  In  the  year  1509,  thi,s  i(Lnd 
was  pillaged  by  the  Lubeckers;  in' the  year 
1645,  it  was  taken  by  the  Swedes,  in  whofe 
pofll'lfion  it  remained  till  the  year  1660,  when 
it  was  ceded  to  Denmark  by  the  peace  of 
Oliva.    Long.  15.  E.    Lat.  ^$.  10.  N. 

Borno,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  ipto 
the  Atlantic,  10  miles  S.  oF  the  Camarones. 
\r,.Bor?20it,  a  city  of  Africa,  and  capital  of  a 
confiderahle  country  of  the  fame  name,  fitu- 
ated  to  the  fouth-eaft  of  Fezzan,  and  to  the 
welt  of  Nubia.  The  country  is  of  valf  ex- 
tent, from  the  i6th  to  the  20th  degree  ot 
north  latitude.  The  climate  is  very  hot, 
'  but  not  uniformly  ib;  two  feafons  divide 
the  year,  one  beginning  about  the  middle  ot 
April,  the  other  the  middle  of  October;  the 
liril  commences  with  violent  tempelts  of 
wind,  thunder,  and  lightning,  and  a  deluge 
of  rain,  continuing  feveral  days  without 
intermillion;  during  which  time  the  inha- 
bitants conline  themlelves  to  their  houfes  ; 
the  reft  of  the  feafon,  though  lultry,  and 
occah'onall'y  rainy,  is  fuch,  however,  as  not  to 
-  hinder  the  laboius  of  the  hulbandman  and 
ibeplierd.  In  the  other  fealbn  the  heat  is 
Lfs  intenfe,  the  air  is  pure  and  mild,  and 
the  weather  ferene.  The  inhabitants  are 
numerous,  and  confifl  of  various  nations; 
and  it  is  reported  that  thirty  ditferent  lan- 
guages are  fpoken  in  the  empire.  They  are 
unifoimly  black,  but  not  of  the  negro  caft. 
The  drcfs  of  the  greater  part  is  compofed  of 
Ihirts,  made  of  blue  cotton,  manufadui  ed  in 
the  country,  a  red  cap  brought  from  Tri- 
poli, and  a  white  mulhn  turban  :  gold  rings 
are  worn  by  the  nofes  by  the  principal  people, 
as  a  mark  of  diifinction.  Wheat  and  barley 
are  feldom  raifcd  in  Bornou;  but  the  Euro- 
pean horfc-bean,  and  common  kidney-bean, 
are  cultivated,  with  fome  grain  peculiar  to 
the  country  ;  and,  near  the  city  of  Bornou, 
rice  and  Indian  corn.  Among  the  fruits  are 
grapes,  apricots,  lemons,  limes,  melons,  a 
li  uit  like  olives,  &c. ;  among  the  animals  are 
fheep,  cows,  goats,  horles,  buflaloes,  ante- 
lopes, lions,  leopards,  civet-cats,  wolves,  dogs, 
a  tew  elepliants,  oltrichcs,  partridges,  &c. 
The  reptiles,  of  different  kinds,  are  nume- 
rous, elpecially  ferpents,  fnakes,  fcorplons, 
centipedes,  and  toads.  Part  of  the  inhabi- 
tants are  Mahoniedans,  and  part  Pagans,  On 
the  death  of  the  king,  the  fuccellbr  is  elcdfed 
by  th.e  people.  The  king's  palace,  in  the 
city  of  Bornou,  is  furrounded  with  a  wall 
like  a  citadel,  and  the  whole  city  has  a  wall 
round  it,  fourteen  feet  in  height,  with  a  ditch 
encompalling  the  v/hole :  the  other  towns 
ot  the  kingdom  are  open.  The  military 
force  conhlts  chiefly  in  horfemen,  and  is  laid 
to  be  greater  than  thit  of  Morocco.  '  llic 


B  O  R 

fabre,  lance,  pike,  and  bov/,  are  tlie  clilef 
weapons;  fire-arms  are  not  ufed.  The 
principal  commerce  confiffs  in  gold-duff, 
ll.ives,  horfes,  oftrich-feathers,  fait,  and  civet, 
which  they  fell,  or  give  in  exchange  for  cop- 
per, brals,  dollars,  red  woollen  caps,  cheque 
linens,  light  coarfe  woollen  cloth,  baize,  ba- 
rakans,  and  carpets.  600  miles  SE.  Mour- 
zouk,  420  W.  Sennaar.  Long.  xj.  10.  E. 
Lat.  19.  45.  N. 

Bonijlettt  a  tov/n  and  bailiwic  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  county  of  Mansfeld.  4  miles 
SW.  Eifleben. 

Bor?iy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mofelle.    2  miles  E.  Metz. 

Boroa,  or  BorrOyd.  river  of  Africa,  which 
runs  into  the  Atlantic,  25  miles  S.  of  the 
Camarones. 

Boroczane,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  thepahi... 
tinaie  ofRed  Rullia.     28  m.  SSW.  Ilalicz. 

Borogne  Lake.,  a  lake  of  Weft-Florida, 
20  niiks  long  and  6  broad,  communicating 
with  lake  Chartrain  on  the  north,  wiih  the 
gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  north-caft  and  louth. 
jLo;/^'".  89.  46.  W.     Zi?/.  29.  5.  N. 

Borogot/y,  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  miles 
SSW.  Calcutta. 

BoroHga,  a  town  on  the  eaft  cdaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Samar.  Long.  125.  35.  E.  Lat. 
11.53.  N. 

Boronov,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Archangel.     80  miles-S.  Archangel. 
Boror,  a  province  of  Africa,  north  of  the 
Zambefe. 

Boros-Jeno,  a  town  of  Hungary.  28  miles, 
S.  Gros-Wardein. 

Borotare,  a  tov^n  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Carthagena.  6  m.E.  Ocana.. 
Borotin,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Bechin.     5  miles  NNW^  Tabor. 

Borougkbridge,  or  Burro'-c.-hi-'idgc,  a  town 
of  England,  in  the  Welt  Riding  of  the 
county  of  York,  fituated  on  the  river  Ure. 
The  Earls  of  Hertford  and  Lancafter,  who 
had  taken  up  arms  againit  Edward  II.  were 
defeated  here  in  theyear  1322,  the  former 
being  flain,  and  the  latter  taken  prifoner.  It 
is  a  borough  town,  and  fends  two  members 
to  the  imperial  parliament.  In  iSoi,  it  con- 
tained 6 So  inhabitants.  The  market  is  on 
Saturdays.  17  miles  IxW^.  York,  217  N» 
London. 

Birovigi,  a  town  of  Rufiia,  in  the  govern* 
ment  of  Novgorod,  on  the  river  Mffa.  88' 
m.  ESE»  Novgorod,  168  SE.  Petcrfburg. 

Borovjk,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment ot  Kaluga,  48  rniles  N.  Kaluga,  34S 
SSE,  Petcrfburg, 

Boroxia,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Czaflau.  8  miles  EWE,  Teutlch  Brod.     ' 
Boroivicii,  a  tov/n  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Volhynia.     20  miles  N.  Lucko. 

Bj/vvjick,  a  town  of  Rufluu)  Poland,  iutlie 
palatinate  of  Kiev.    32  miles  SE.  C-iexkufy. 


B  0  R 

Boroivka,  a  town  of  Poland,  m  the  pala- 
tinate of  Braclaw.    54  miles  E.  Braclaw. 

Boro-iv/ko,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Czaflau.     7  miles  W.  Ledetfch. 

Boroivnlza,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Konigingratz.  iS  miles  SE.  Ko- 
nigingratz. 

Borozdinka,  a  fortrefs  of  Ruflian  Tartary, 
in  the  government  of  Caucafus,  on  the  Ural. 
3z  miles  N.  Guriel. 

Borpar,  a  town  of  Bengal.  a8  m.  S.Doefa. 

Borrenrick,  fee  Bo7\eritrick. 

BorrijTio,  a  town  of  Spain,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Millas,  in  the  gulf  of  Valencia. 
21  miles  N.  Valencia. 

Borrlol,  or  Barrio',  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  near  v/hich  is  a  filver  mine.  20 
miles  ENE.  Segorba. 

Borro,  fee  Boroa. 

Borronxi,  a  town  of  Hindooft?n,  in  Oude. 
13  miles  NE.  Etaya. 

Borroivjlonnefsi  or  Bonvnefs,  a  town  of 
Scotland,  in  the  county  of  Linlithgow,  fitu- 
ated  on  a  point  of  land,  which  prqjeds  into 
the  Forth.  It  is  a  burgh  of  barony,  governed 
by  a  bailie  appointed  by  the  Duke  of  Hamil- 
ton. The  ilirccts  are  narrow,  and  the  houfes 
old,  low,  and  crowded;  but  for  the  moft  part 
clean  and  convenient.  The  piers,  bafon, 
and  harbour  include  about  two  acres  ;  and 
the  depth  of  water  in  fpring  tides  is  from 
frxteen  to  eighteen  feet.  The  fliipping  be- 
longing to  the  town  amount  to  about  twenty- 
five  fail;  of  thefe  feventeen  are  brigs  from 
feventyto  170  tons ;  eight  floops  from  twenty 
to  feventy;  lix  of  the  brigs  fail  regularly  to 
and  from  London,  one  every  fourteen  days ; 
the  others  are  chiefly  employed  in  the  Baltic 
trade.  Whale  filhing  has  been  attempted 
feveral  times,  but  without  fuccefs.  Coals 
and  fait  are  the  chief  exports ;  the  imports 
are  grain,  timber,  tallow,  hemp,  flax,  and 
linfeed.  Queen's  ferry.  North  ferry,  In- 
verkeithing.  Limekilns,  Grangemouth,  St. 
David's,  Torry,  and  Culrofs,  are  members 
of  this  port,  and  united  to  thecuftora-houfe. 
Great  quantities  of  coal  are  dug  near  the 
town ;  and  there  are  thirty  falt-pans.  At  the 
fouth  and  wefl  end  of  the  town  are  quarries 
of  free-ft:one,lime-ftone,and  granite.  Near 
the  town  is  Kinniel,  an  ancient  feat  of  the 
Duke  of  Hamilton.  In  1801,  it  contained 
4790  inhabitants,  li  miles  W.  Edinburgh, 
4  N.  Linlithgow.  Long.  3.  38.  W.  Lat. 
56.  2.  N. 

Borrudos,   a  river  of  Brazil,  which  runs 
into  the  Paraguay. 

Borrunee,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Bahar. 
30  miles  SW.  Arrah. 

Borfczonxjka,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Kiev.     15  m.  SSW.  Zytomyers. 
Borfekova,   a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Braclaw.     ^5  ra.  SW.  Winnicze. 
Borfden,  or  Munjisr,  a  town  or  village  of 
Vol,  I,  •  Y 


BOS 

Holland,  on  the  wefl  coafl  of  the  ifland  of 
South-Beveland.  The  greateft  part  of  the 
placeiwasdeflroycdby'an  inundation  in  1532, 
which  rendered  the  environs  uninhabitable, 
till  in  the  year  1616  the  land  was  drained  imd. 
fecured  by  dikes.     6  miles  SSW.  Goes. 

Borjk,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
of  Poihania.     ^5  miles  S.  Pofen. 

Borfkaia,  a  fortrefs  of  Ruflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Upha.  120  miles  SE.  Simbirflc, 
188  WSW.  Upha. 

Borjkar,  a  fmall  ifland,  on  the  weft  fide 
of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.  22.  30.  E. 
Lat.  63.  S3-  N. 

Borfoe,  a  iinall  ifland  of  Denmark,  6  miles 
north-eafi  from  Appenrade,  on  the  eafl  coaft 
of  Slefwick. 

Borfolonvkah,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Braclaw.  24  miles  NW.  Braclaw. 
Burjid,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  biihop- 
ric  of  Ofhabruck.     8  miles  N.  Furftcnau. 

Borjid,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Holftein, 
14  miles  SE.  Bramftede. 

Borfzejoivka,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Kiev.     10  miles  W.  Kiev. 

Bort,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Correze.     12  miles  SE,  UfTel. 

Bortfch,  a  town  of  Turkifh  Armenia.  120 
miles  E.  Trebifond. 

Birtzutbn,  a  town  of  Tranfilvania.  \% 
miles  N.  Claufenburg. 

Borua,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  province 
of  Alentejo.     6  miles  Villa  Viciofa. 

Borudgovjf  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Dowlatabad.     ^S  miles  S.  Amednagur. 

Borviafia,  a  town  of  Ruffian  Tartary,  oa 
the  N.  fide  of  the  Don.  64  m.  ENE.  Azoph. 
Borivaide,  fee  Baer'Ujalde. 
Bory,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Baglana. 
13  miles  S.  Damaun. 

Boryjihenes,  fee  Dnieper. 
Borza,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Adirbeitzan,     80  miles  S.Tabris. 

Borzenitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Czaflau.     25  miles  S  W.  Czaflau. 

Borzinjko:,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the  Ar- 
gun.    144  miles  SE.  Nertchinfli. 

Borz7ifl,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Tchernigov.    50  miles  SE.Tcher- 
nigov,  548  S.  Peterfburg. 
Bosy  fee  Ebus. 

Bofa,  a  feaport  town  of  the  ifland  of  Sar- 
dinia, thefeeof  a  biihop,  fuffragan  of  Saf- 
fari.  It  is  fituated  on  the  wcflern  part  of 
the  ifland,  and  defended  by  a  caflle,  on  a 
river  to  which  it  gives  name.  18  m.  SSW. 
Alghieri,  36  SSW.  Saffari.  Loiig.  8.  42.  E. 
Lat.  40.  18.  N. 

Bofaraddahehat  or  Jefardec':eb,  a  town  of 
Afia,  in  the  province  of  Sableflan.  63  miles 
S.  Candahar. 

Bojhos,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Gilolo.  Lonv.  ij8.  18.  E.  La:. 
i.  8.  N. 


BOS 

Bofcajile,  or  B  of  cream,  a  to\vn  of  England , 
in  the  county  of  Cornwall,  (ituated  on  the 
Briftol  Channel.  It  receives  coals  and  odier 
merchandize  from  Briftol,  &c.  and  exports 
in  return  (late,  dug  in  the  neighbouring  quar- 
ries. It  has  a  maiket  on  Thurfdays.  1 6  m. 
WNW.  Launcefton,  5  N.  Camelfcrd. 

Bofcanveii's  Ijland,  an  ifland  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  'fo  called  by  Capt.  Wallis,  in 
1767,  about  nine  miles  in  circumference. 
Long.\lS- 10. W.     Lat.  15.  30.  S. 

B^fch,  a  fmall  ifiand  in  the  German  fea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Groningen.  Lotig.  5.  $!>- 
E.     />.^/.5.i-33-N.  .      .      t. 

Brfcho^jjit::,  a  town  of  Moravia,  m  the 
circle  of  Brunn.     12  miles  SE.  Brunn. 

Bofdeard,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine.     1 1  m.  N.  Rouen. 

Bofco,  or  Bofchi,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Marengo,  on  the  Orba.  On 
tlie  4th  of  November,  1 799,  the  French  were 
driven  from  this  place  by  the  Auftrians.  5 
miles  Si).  Alexandria. 

Bofcobcl,  a  village  of  England,  in  Shrop- 
fi-iire,  where  Charles  II.  king  of  England, was 
concealed  in  an  oak  from  his  purluers,  after 
the  battle  of  Worceiler.  11  miles  NNE. 
Bndgenorth. 

Bqfebam,  or  Bofcnham,  a  village  of  Eng- 
landj  in  the  county  of  SufTex,  on  an  arm  of 
the  lea.  Here  was  a  feat  c)f  the  celebrated 
Far!  Godwin,  where  Harold,  before  he  was 
king,  frequently  retired,  and  from  whence, 
taking  an  excurfion  on  the  fea  for  his  plea- 
lure,  he  was  driven  by  contrary  winds  to  the 
coaff  of  France,  where  hewss  kept  prilbner 
till  he  confirmed  by  an  oath  the  fucceflion  to 
the  throne  of  England,  after  the  death  of 
Edward  t!ie  Confeflbr,  to  William  duke  of 
Normandv.  Bofeham wasonceaconfiderable 
port,  and  Swain,  eldefl  fon  of  Earl  Godv.in, 
l.mded  here  with  the  fleet,  which  the  King 
of  Denmark  had  fent  him  to  make  a  defcent 
on  England,  in  the  year  1049.  4  miles  W. 
Chichefler. 

Bifen.,  a  town  of  PrufTui,  in  the  province 
of  Natangen.     50  milts  S.  Konigfberg. 

Bofaihrimii,  a  tov/n  of  Upper  Saxony,  in 
the  Vogdand.     3  miles  SVV.  Oelinitz. 

Brjfnitbiy  fee  Bodzctbi. 

Bojhain,  H  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Zcndero,  bordering  on  AbyiTinia.     Lat. 

Bojhnvir,  a  river  of  Pcrfia,  which  runs  into 
the  Pcrfian  gulf  near  Bender  Rigk. 

BoJJiavir,  fee  BuJhecT. 

Bo.7Je,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Indian  fea,  Lat.  29.  S. 

Bojhvifz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the 
cii  cic  of  Olmutz.     32  miles  W.  Olmutz. 

Byii-,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loirct.     2  miles  N.  Bcaugency. 

Bnf/ia,  a  rivei-  of  Bofiiia,  which  pidTes  by 
SCiaj  ',  and  joins  the  SayO;  jo  ni.  N.  Serajo. 


BOS 

Bofna  Serai,  or  Serajo,  fee  Serajo. 

Bofti'ia,  a  province  of  European  Turkey, 
bounded  on  the  nordi  by  Sclavonia,  from 
which  it  is  feparated  by  the  river  Save,  otr 
the  eaft  by  Servia,  on  the  fouth  by  Servia 
and  Albania,  and  on  the  weft  by  DaliiKitia 
and  Croatia;  about  120 miles  in  length, and 
7  2  in  breadth.  It  is  mountainous,  but  fertile, 
efpecially  near  the  rivers ;  the  arable  land 
producing'  good  wheat,  and  the  paftures 
feeding  a  great  quantity  of  catde :  and  in  the 
mountains  are  mines  of  filver.  It  was  an- 
ciently that  part  of  Pannonia,  called/^^y^-r/V, 
and  took  its  prefent  name  from  the  river 
Bofr.a,  wliich  runs  through  fonie  part  of  it» 
into  the  Save.  It  became  in  time  part  of 
the  kingdom  of  Hungary;  and  feveral  pro- 
vinces being  after  added,  was  ereifted  into  a 
kingdom,  and  governed  by  kings  of  its  own 
from  135 1  till  1465,  when  the  Turks  made 
themfelves  mafters  of  it.  Stephen,  the  fifth 
and  laft  king,  was  taken  by  Mahomet  li. 
and  flayed  alive;  the  Turks  fubdued  the 
whole  province,  and  made  it  the  government 
of  a  beglerberg,  with  eight  fimgiacs  under 
him.  The  greateft  part  of  the  inhabitants 
are  Greek  Chriffians,  with  Tome  Mahome- 
dans.  The  principal  towns  are  Bagnialuka, 
Serajo,  Zwornick,  and  Strebcrnik- 

Bofok,  a  town  of  Hungary.    3  m.  E.  Baja. 

Bojotandy,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Ben- 
gal.    8  miles  S.  Beyar. 

Bofphorus,  or  Strait  of  Cor.fianttnople,  the 
narrow  fea  which  torms  a  communication 
between  the  Black  fea  and  the  fea  of  Mar- 
mora, about  a  mde  or  mile  and  half  broad, 
and  twenty  miles  long.  It  is  called  B&gaz 
by  the  Turks. 

Bofra,  a  town  of  Syria,  in  tlie  pachalic  of 
Bamafcus.  At  this  place  Mahomet  is  faid 
to  have  met  widi  a  Nefforian  n>onk,  froni 
wiiom  he  received  much  information  and 
inllru<5>ion,  towards  founding  his  religious 
do^frine.  Soon  after  the  death  of  Mahomet, 
it  was  taken  by  the  troops  of  Abu-Beker, 
through  the  treachery  of  Romanus,  a  late 
governor.  50  miles  S.  DamafcHS,  89  NE. 
Jerufalem.     Long-ib.'^o.Y..  Zi?/.  32.40.  N. 

Bofaqua,  a  town  of  the  Audience  of  Quito. 
100  miles  V/.  Quito. 

Bojfe,  (La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Oife.     8  m.  SW.  Bcaurais. 

Bqffee,  a  town  of  the  dut-chy  of  liolifein. 
6  nnics  ESE.  Rendlhurg. 

Bojppnl,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  Pomerelia. 
3  miles  S.  Dantzick. 

Bojjivey,  or  Tintagcl,  a  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Corn  wall,  on  the  Briftol  chan- 
nel, belonging  tothcdutchyof  Cornwall.  The 
nanie  of  the  town  is  Trevemia,  or  Trtvenner, 
fothat  it  is  in  reality  the  borough  of  B(dTiney, 
and  town  of  Trevcnna,  in  the  parilh  of  Tin- 
tagel.  It  is  a  borough,  and  fends  two  mem- 
bers to  parliv^raent.    Wear  it  arc  the  ruins  of 


BOS 


IB  0  fi 


a  caftle,  in  which  the  celebrated  king  Arthur  is  nov/  occupied  in  its  fevcral  apartments  Try" 
is  faid  to  have  been  born.    It  was  the  feat  of    the  council,  and  officers  under  tiiem.     Moit 

the  ancient  dukes  of  Cornwall.  4  miles  NW.  of  the  pubhc  buildings  are  hand  fome,  and 

Camelford.  fome  of  them  are  elegant.     The  town  is  ir-- 

^tz/z^w /'/■i?,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  crof-  regularly  built,  but  as   it  lies  in  a  circular 

festheGoid  coaft,and  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  form  around  the  harbour,  it  exhibits  a  very 

Lsng.  2.  2^.W.    Lat.s.  y.S.  handfome  view  on  the  approach  from  the 

Bojfut,  a  village  of  France,  in  the  depart-  fea.     At  the  beginning  of  the  American  war, 

ment  of  Jemappe,   celebrated  for  a  battle  Bofton  was.  evacuated   by  the  inhabitants, 

fought  on  the  4th  of  November,  1792,  be-  who  were  holtile  to  the  Britiih  government, 

tween  the  French,  under  the  command  of  on  furrendering  up  their  arms  to  General 

General  Dumouricr,  and  the  Auftrians,   in  Gage.  Bofton  was  held  by  the  Britifh  troops 

which  the  latter  were  defeated,   150  being  tL'l  the  month  of  March,  1776,  when  it  was 

killed,  and  200  made  prifoners ;  the  lofs  of  given  up  to  the  Americans.     225  miles  NE. 

the  French  faid  to  be  only  20.    6  m.  PJons.  New- York,  310  NE.  Philadelphia.     Long, 

Bojl,   a   city  of  Pcrfia,  and  capital  of  a  71.  W.     Z^/.  42.  18.N. 

territory  in  the  p,  ovince  of  Segeftan,  on  the  Bojhn,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 

Heermund.   In  i-^g.^,  it  was  taken  by  Timur  of  Lincoln,   nearly  furrounded  by  fens,  on 


Bee.     60  miles  SW.  Candahar. 
4^-._E.     Lat.  32.  .^o.  N. 


.ong.  64. 


BoJIaa,  F.l,  or  Olukijla  el  Bojlan,  a  town 
of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the  government  of 
Marafch.    50  miles  NNW.  Marafch. 

Bojhttf  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bifhop- 
ric  of  Vv^urzburg.  4  m.  NNE.  Geroltzhofen. 

Bojlon,  a  feaport  town  of  theUnited  States 


the  river  Witham,  which  is  navigable, 
and  forms  a  port,  well  frequented,  and 
much  aflifted  by  navigable  canals.  The 
church  is  a  handfome  llrudure,  and  fences  as 
a  mark  to  feamen.  It  has  only  depth  of 
water  for  fmall  veflels.  The  merchants  of 
Bofton  carry  on  fome  trade  to  the  Baltic, 
but  the  principal  is  to  London.     The  nurn- 


of  North-America,  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,    ber  of  inhabitants,   in  1801,  was  5926,   of 
nd  ftateof  Maflachufetts,  of  which  it  is  the    which  866  were  employed  in  trade  and  ma 


capital.  It  was  built  in  the  latter  end  of  the 
year  1630,  by  a  part  of  the  colony  which 
removed  hither  from  Charleft own,  and  ftands 
upon  a  peninfula  of  about  four  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, at  the  very  bottom  of  Maffachu- 


nufadures.    There  are  two  markets  weekly, 
on  Wednefday  and  Saturday.  34  miles  SSE. 
Lincoln,  and  115  N.  London.      Long.  i.  %, 
W.    Z^/.52.  48.N. 
Bofvogan,  one  of  the  Philippine  iflands. 


f  itts-Bay.      It  is  the  moft  advantageoufly  and  the  largeft  of  thofe  called   Caianiianes, 

llcuated  for  trade  of  any  place  in  North-  about  30  miles  long  and  la  broad.     Long, 

America  ;  on  the  north  iide  are  feveral  fmall  lao.  15.  £.  Lat.  12.  16.  N. 

iflands,  called  the  Brewfters.     The  entrance  Bofuls,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 

into  the  harbour  is  by  a  channel,  fo  narrow,  ment  of  the  Aveiron.  10  miles  NE.  Rhodez. 

as  well   as  full  of  iflands,   that  three   fliips  Bofwor-th,  or  Mat-ket  Bofiwrth,   a  town 

can  fcarce  pafs  in  a-breaft ;  but  within  the  of  England,  in  the  county  of  Leicefter,  fitu- 

harbour  there  is  room  enough  for  500  fliips  ated  on  a  hill,    Mt-^r  it  was  fought  a  battle 

to  lie  at  anchor  in  a  good  depth  of  water,  between  Richard  III.  and  the  Earl  of  Rich- 

where  they  are  covered  by  the   cannon  of  mond,  afterwards  Henry  VII.  on  the  22nd 

a  regular  and  very  ftrong  fortrefs.  The  head  of  Auguft,  1458,  in  which  Richard  was  flain, 

cf  this  pier  joins  the  principal  ftreet  in  the  and  the  Earl  of  Richmond  crowned  in  the 


town,  which  is,  like  mofl:  of  the  others,  fpa- 
cious  and  well  built;  the  town  has  a  very 
fine  and  ftriking  appearance  at  entering,  as 
it  lies  at  the   very  bottom  of  a  bay,  like 


field.  In  1 801,  the  population  was  791.  n 
miles  W.  Leicefter,  106  NNW.  London. 
Long.  I.  24-  W.  Laf.  52.  38  N. 

Bo/worth,  {Hujhand,)  a  town  of  England, 


an  amphitheatre.    The  length  of  the  town    in  Leicefterfliire,  containing  660  inhabitants. 
is  about  two  miles;  the  greateft  breadth  is    14  miles S.  Leicefter. 


one  mile  and  139  yards.  The  buildings  in 
this  town  cover  about  icoo  acres.  It  con- 
tains near  1800  dwelHng-houfes,  and,  by  a 
late  computation,  14,600  inhabitants,  befides 
ftrangers  and  accidental  vilitors.    There  are 


Bofzut,  a  river  of  Sclavonia,  which  runs 
into  the  Save,  20  miles  above  Sabacz. 

Bota,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Angermann- 
Jand.     31  miles  N.  Hernofand. 

Botydi  town   ot  Negroland,  in  the  king- 


lixteen  houfes  for  public  worlhip  ;  of  which  dom  of  Melli,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Geba. 

Dine  are  for  congregationalil'ts,  three   for  Bota,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country  of 

epifcopalifts,  two  for  baptifts,  one  for  the  Ambozes.     I^at.  3.  58.  N. 

friends,  and  one  for  univerfahfts,  or   inde-  Botagong,  a  towa  of  Bengal.     15  miles 

pendents.     The  other  pubhc  buildings  are  NE.  Rangamatty. 

the  ftate-houfe,  Faneuil-hall,  an  alms-houfe,  Botany  Bay,  a  bay  on   the  eaft  coaft  of 

a  workhoufe,  and  a  bridewell.     That  build-  New  Holland,  fo  called  by  Captain,  then 

ing  which  was  formerly  the  govsraor's  houfe,  Lieutenant,  Cook,  from  the  great  quantity  of 


B  O  T 


EOT 


^plants  found  there  by  Sir  Jofeph,  then  Mr.    cockatoos,  which  flew  \n  flocks  of  fereral 
Banks,  and  Dr.  Solander,  and  difcovercd  in    fcores  together.  Some  wood  was  found  which 
the  year  1770.    It  is  capacious,  fate,   and    had  been  felled  by  the  natives  with  a  blunt 
convenient;  and  may  be  known  by  the  land    inftrument,  and  fome  that  had  been  barked, 
on  the  fea-coaft,  which  is  nearly  level,  and    The  trees  v/erenot  of  many  fpecies;  among 
of  a  moderate  height ;  in  general  higher  than    others  there  was  a  large  one  which  yielded 
it   is  farther  inland,  with  fleep  locky  cliffs    a  gum  not  unlike  the  sanguis  draconis;  and 
rext  the  fea,  which  have  the  appearance  of    in  fome  of  them  fteps  had  been  cut  at  about 
a  long  ifland,  lying  clofe  under  the  fliore.    three  feet  diftance  from  each  other  for  the 
The  harbour  lies  about  the  middle  of  this    convenience  of  climbing  them.     In  another 
Jand,  and,  in  approaching  it  from  the  fouth-    excuriion  up  the  country  to  fome  diflance 
ward,  is  difcovered  before  the  fhip  comes    they  found  the  face  of  it  nearly  the  fame  widi 
a-breafl  of  it;  but  from  the  northward  it  is    that  which  has  been  defcribed  already,  but 
not  difcovered  fofoon:  the  entrance  is  a  little    the  foil   much  richer;  inflead  of  fand  being 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile  broad,  and  lies    a  deep  black  mould,  very  fit  for  the  produc- 
■   in  weft  north-weft.    About  the  head  of  the    tion  of  grain  of  any  kind.     In  the  woods 
'    harbour,  where  there  arc  large  flats  cf  fand    they  found  a  tree  that  bore  fruit  that  in  colour 
and  mud,  there  is  a  great  plenty  of  water-    and  fhape  refembled  a  cherry;  the  juice  had 
fowl,  one  of  the  moft  remarkable  was  black    an  agrecjible  tartnefs,  though  but  little  ik- 
and  white,  much  larger  than  a  f\van,  and  in    vour.    They  found  alfo  interfperfed  fome  of 
fhape  fomewhat  refembling  a  pelican.     On    thefineft  meadows  in  the  world;  fome  places 
thefe  banks  of  fand  and  mud  there  are  great    however  were  rocky,  but  they  were  compa- 
quantities  of  oyl^ers,  mufcles,  cockles,  and    ratively  few:theftone  is  fandy,  and  might 
other  fhell-fifh,  which  feem  to  be  the  princi-    be  ufed  with  advantage  for  building.     All 
pal  fubiiftence  ofthe  inhabitants,  who  go  into    the  inhabitants   that  were  feen  were  ftark 
fhoal  water  with  their  little  canoes,  and  pick    naked;  they  did  not  appear  to  be  numerous. 


them  out  with  their  hands.  Capt.Cook,  Mr 
Banks,andDr.Solander,  whomadeanexcur- 
fionintothecountry,  found  thefoiltobe  either 
fwamp  or  light  fand,  and  the  face  ofthe  coun 


or  to  live  in  focieties.  Of  their  manners  of 
life  little  could  be  known,  as  a  conteft  arifmg 
between  them  and  the  fliip's  company  at 
ftrft  landing,  nO  conne(5^ion  could  be  formed, 


try  diverfified  bv  wood  and  lawn.  The  trees  nor  would  they  ever  come  to  parley.  Many 
are  tall,  flra-ght,  and  without  underwood,  articles  were  left  by  the  gentlemen  at  their 
ftandingnt  fuch  a  diftance  from  each  other,  huts,  and  the  places  which  they  frequent- 
that  the  whole  country,  at  leaft  where  the  ed,  but  they  were  entirely  difregarded. 
fwamps  do  not  render  it  incapable  of  culti-  Their  lances  were  from  fix  to  fixteen  feet 
vation,  might  be  cultivated  without  cutting  long,  with  four  prongs  to  each,  hke  a  fifli- 
down  one  of  them;  between  the  trees  the  gig,  pointed  with  fifh  bone,  and  very  fliarp: 
ground  is  covered  with  grafs,  of  which  there  they  were  fmcared  with  a  vifcous  fubftance 
is  a  great  abundance,  growing  in  tufts  as  big  of  a  green  colour,  which  induced  Mr.  Banks 
as  can  be  well  grafped  by  the  hand,  which  to  think  they  were  poifoned,  but  this  was 
ftand  very  clofe  to  eacli  other.  Many  houfes  difcovered  to  be  a  miffake ;  their  lances  ap- 
of  the  inhabitants  wcrefeen,andplaces  where  peared  by  the  lea-weeds  found  fticking  to 
they  had  flept  upon  the  grafs  without  any  them  to  have  been  ufedin  ftriking  fifli.  Up- 
jhelter;  but  only  one  ofthe  people,  who,  the  on  examining  the  canoes  that  lay  upon  the 
moment  be  difcovered  the  gendemen,  ran  beach  Captain  Cook  found  them  to  be  the 
away.  At  all  thefe  places  they  left  prefents,  worft  he  had  even  feen;  they  were  between 
hoping  that  at  length  they  might  produce  twelve  and  fourteen  feet  long,  and  made  of 
confulcnce  and  good-will.  They  hnd,  a  the  bark  of  a  tree  in  one  piece,  which  was 
trariliePt  and  imperfe<ftviewofa  quadruped,  drawn  together  and  tied  up  at  each  end,  the 
about  as  big  as  a  rabbit;  Mr.  Bank's  grev-  middle  being  kept  open  by  fticks,  which 
hound  got  fight  of  it,  and  would  probably  were  placed  acrofs  them  from  gunwale  to 
have  caught  it,  but  the  moment  he  fet  off  gunwale  as  thwarts.  Captain  Cook  fearchcd 
he  lamed  himfclf  againfl  a  Itump  which  for  frefli  water;  but  found  none  except  in  a 
lay  concealed  in  the  long  grafs.  They  after-  linall  hole  wlijch  had  been  dug  in  the  fand. 
wards  faw  the  dung  of  an  animal  which  fed  During  his  ftay  he  caufed  the  Englifti  colours 
uno:j  grafs,  and  which  they  judged  could  to  be  difplayed  on  fliore  every  day,  and  the 
not  be  lefs  than  a  deer  ;  and  the  footffeps  of  fliip's  name,  and  the  date  of  the  year,  to  be 
another  which  was  clawed  like  a  dog,  and    infcribed  on  one  ofthe  trees  near  the  water- 


fee'med  to  be  about  as  big  as  a  wolf.  They 
alfo  tracked  a  Imall  animal  wiiofc  foot  re- 
fembled that  of  a  polcat  or  wcafel.  The 
trees  over-head  ;ibounded  with  birds  of  vari- 
ous kinds,  among  which  were  many  of  cx- 


ing  place.  It  is  high  water  here  at  the  full 
and  change  of  the  moon,  about  eight 
o'clock;  and  the  tide  rifes  and  falls  between 
four  and  five  feet.  Botany-Bay  is  aban- 
doned, fince  a  Ibttlcment  has  been  foimed  at 


tjnilitc  beauty,    i:>articu]iiiJy  loriqucts  and    Port-Jackfon.  Zrf'z?^.  308.37.  W.  i,^/.^4. 5. 


B  0  T 

Botany  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  fouth-cafl:  coafl  of 
New'Caledonia.  It  is  a  mere  land-bank,  not 
exceeding  three-fourths  of  a  mile  in  circuit. 
On  it,  befides  pinei,  grow  the  Etos  tree  of 
Otaheite,  and  a  variety  of  other  Ihrubs  and 
plants,  from  whence  it  is  named  On  it 
were  feveral  water-fnakes,  fonie  pigeons  and 
doves,  feemingly  different  from  any  we  had 
fetn.  One  of  Captain  Cook's  officers  d-iot 
a  hawk,  which  proved  to  be  of  the  lame  fort 
as  the  Englifli  fifliing  hawks.  Several  fire- 
places, branches,  and  leaves  a  very  little  de- 
cayed, remains  of  turtle,  &c.  Ihewed  that 
people  ha-d  very  lately  been  oh  the  ifle.  On 
this  little  ifle  were  fome  pines  that  meafured 
so  inches  diameter,  and  between  60  and  70 
feet  in  longth,  and  would  have  done  very 
well  for  t^e  foremaft  of  the  Refoluti6n  had 
one  been  wanting.  "  If  I  except  New-Zea- . 
land,"  fays  Captain  Cook,  "  I  at  this  time 
(17741  know  of  no  ifland  in  the  South  Paci- 
fic Ocean  where  a  fhip  could  fupply  herfelf 
with  a  maft  or  yard,  were  fhe  ever  ifo  much 
diftrefled  for  want  of  one.  Thus  far  tlie  dif- 
covery  is  or  may  be  valuable.  The  carpen- 
ter, who  was  a  maft-maker  as  well  as  a  (hip- 
wright,  two  trades  he  learnt  in  Deptford- 
yard,  was  of  opinion  that  thele  trees  would 
make  exceeding  good  mafts.  The  wood  is 
white,  clofe  grained,  tough,  and  light.  Tur- 
pentine had  exuded  out  of  moft  of  the  trees, 
and  the  fun  had  infpiffated  it  into  a  rolin, 
which  was  found  flicking  to  the  trunks,  and 
lying  aboutthe  roots.  Thefe  trees  Ihoot  out 
their  branches  like  all  other  pines,  with  this 
dift'erence,  that  the  branches  of  thefe  are 
much  fmailer  and  fliorter;  fo  that  the  knots 
become  nothing  when  the  tree  is  wrought 
for  ufe."    Long.  168.  16.  E.  Lat.  %%.  a6.  S. 

Botafchuny,  iee  Bidnfzany. 
■  Boternhjen,  a  town  of  Ilolftein.    9  miles 
SSW.  Nordorp. 

Botetourt,  a  county  of  Virginia,  in  the 
United  States  of  North-America. 

Both,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  which  runs  into 
the  Inn,  near  Scherding. 

Bothnia,  ( Eajl,)  a  pro%'ince  of  Sweden, 
lituated  on  the  eaft  lide  of  the  gulf  of  Both- 
nia, bounded  on  the  north  by  Swedifh  Lap- 
land, on  the  eaft  by  RufTia,  on  the  fouth  by 
Finland,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia;  about  300  miles  in  length,  and  from 
60  to  210  in  breadth.  Towards  the  fouth, 
and  on  the  fea-coaft,  the  land  is  low  and 
marfhv.  The  fummers  are  often  fo  cold  as 
to  deftroy  great  part  of  their  crops.  80,000 
inhabitants,  divided  into  28  parilhcs,  are 
fpread  over  this  large  fpace,  their  cattle  are 
fmall,  and  bears  are  numerous.  Their  fal- 
mon  fidiery  is  abundant,  and  that  of  pearls 
oftentimes  fuccefsful.  The  principal  exports 
are  timber,  butter,  whale  oil,  pitch,  tar,  &:c. 
Tiss  priocipai  towns  are  Cajana,  or  Cajancx 


EOT 

borg,  Ulea,  Chriftineftadt,  &c.  There. am 
feveral  rivers,  which  run  into  the  gulf  ot 
Bothnia,  White  fea,  and  the  gulf  of  Finland. 

Bothnia,  (Wejl,)  a  province  of  Sweden, 
fituated  on  the  well  lide  of  the  gulf  of  Both- 
nia, bounded  on  the  north  and  wcfl  by  Lap- 
land, on  the  fouth  by  Angermania,  and  on 
the  eaft  by  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Tj\e  coun- 
try is  tolerably  fertile,  but  fudden  frofts  ia 
the  month  of  July  oftentimes  deflroy  the 
labourer's  hopes.  There  are  mines  of  cop- 
per and  iron.  The  inhabitants  are  courage- 
ous and  fobcr;  the  bread  they  eat  has  a  mix- 
ture of  the  bark  of  the  fir  tree.  Their  flocks, 
forells,  and  hlheries,  afford  them  fubliftence, 
and  produce  the  articles  ot  their  commerce, 
which  are  principally  the  fl-cins  of  foxes,  er- 
mins,  bears,  v/olves,  martens,  hyenas,  otters, 
beavers,  rein-deers,  &c.  The  prmcipal  towns 
are  Umea,  Pithea,  and  Tornea. 

Bothnia,  {Gulf  of,)  a  fea  or  large  gulf 
branching  from  the  Baltic,  from  which  it  is 
feparated  by  the  ifland  of  Aland,  bounded 
on  the  eaft,  weft,  and  north,  by  the  domi- 
nions of  Sweden ;  about  350  miles  from  north 
to  fouth,  and  from  50  to  145  broad,  from  eaft 
to  weft.  Long.  17.  to  aj.  E.  Lat.  60.  30. 
to  65.  50.  N. 

^o//'otz,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  North  Coaft.    8  m.  NE.  Roftrenen. 

Bothnxiell,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Lanerk.  In  the  year  1679,  ^  bat- 
tle was  fought  between  the  troops  of  Charles 
IT.  luider  the  command  of  the  Duke  of  Mon- 
mouth, and  the  Scotch  Covenanters,  headed 
by  their  minifters.  The  latter  were  defeat- 
ed, 700  killed,  and  1200  taken  prifoners.  9 
miles  SE.  Glafgow. 

Boti,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  government 
of  Irkut/k.     32  miles  S.  Orlenga. 

Boti,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  government 
of  Irkutflc.     76  miles  NE.  Nertchinfl<. 

Boticclii,  or  Beit  Giala,  or  Bcttejham,  a 
town  of  Palcftine,  inhabited  by  Greek 
Chriftians,  who  have  propagated  a  report 
that  no  Mahometan  can  live  there.  8  miles 
NW.  Bethlehem. 

Botna,  or  Kauzen,  a  river  of  European 
Turkey,  which  runs  into  the  Dnieper,  near 
Bender. 

Botoa,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Grain 
Goaft.     20  miles  S.  Sanguin. 

Botonga,  a  country  of  Africa,  eaft  of  Mo- 
caranga,  about  200  miles  long  from  north  to 
fouth,  and  100  broad.  The  river  Sofala 
crofl'es  it  from  weft  to  eaft,  and  the  river  Sabia 
bounds  it  on  the  fouth. 

Botol  Tabacoxifna,  or  Botol  Tobago  Xiina^ 
an  ifland  in  the  Chinefe  fea,  to  the  Ibuth  of 
Formofa,  and  north  of  the  Bafliee  iflands. 
"  This  ifland,"  fays  Mon.  LaPeroufe,  "  on 
which  no  navigator  has  hitherto  been  known 
to  land,  may  be  about  4  leagues  in  circum- 
ference 5  it  is  feparated  by  a  channel  of  half 


B  O  T 


B  0  U 


a^eague  From  i  very  large  rock  or  iflet,  on 
which  a  very  fmall  degree  of  verdure,  and  a 
few  fnrubs  are  perceptible,  but  it  is  neither 
habited  nor  habitable.  Capt.  Vancouver  favs 
the  ifland,  on  the  contrary,  feemed  to  con- 
tain a  confiderable  number  of  inhabitants, 
fince  he  counted  three  large  villages  within 
the  fpace  of  a  league.  It  was  very  woody 
from  the  third  part  of  its  height,  taken  from 
the  {here  to  the  llimmit,  which  feemed  to  be 
capped  with  trees  of  the  largefi:  fize.  The 
fpace  of  land  coniprifed  between  thefe  forefts 
and  the  fandy  Ihore  retained  a  very  fteep  de- 
clivity; it  was  cultivated  in  many  parts,  and 
difplayed  the  moft  beautiful  green,  though 
furrfewed  with  ravines  formed  by  the  tor- 
rents which  defcend  from  the  mountains. 
he  was  of  opinion,  that  when  the  w^eather  is 
clear,  BotolTobacoxima  may  be  diftinguift- 
ed  at  fifteen  leagues  diftance:  but  this  ifland 
is  very  often  enveloped  in  fogs,  and  it  ap- 
pears that  Admiral  Anfon  had  at  firft  made 
onlv  a  fmall  ifle,  which  is  not  half  fo  high 
as  Bctol.  Long,  on  the  fouth-eaft  point 
117.  12.  E.  Lat.  21.  57.  N. 

Botom,-A.  town  of  Great  Bukharia.  120 
miles  E.  Samarcand. 

Botovf^aia,  a  town  of  Ruffian  Tartary.  20 
miles  SSW.  Koperflc. 

Bottay  (11,)  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Adda,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Po.     4  m.  NNW.  Piacenza,  14  S.  Lodi. 

Botte,2L  group  of  rocks  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, near  the  coaft  of  Italy,  corapofed  of 
acompaft  lava.  5  miles  SE.  Ponza.  Long. 
13.  E.  Lat.  40.55.  N. 

Bottkjlatt,  fee  'Buttlejlatt. 

Bottenjleln,  or  Potttnjlan,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  bifiiopric  of  Bam.berg.  22  rn. 
ESE.  Bamberg.  Long.  11.  27.  E.  Lat. 
49.  47.  N. 

Bottesdak,  or  Buddesdale,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  with  a  weekly 
market  on  Thurfdays,  and  about  560  inha- 
bitants.   6  miles  S.  Difs,  88  NNE. London. 

Bottejhall,  fee  Bottkelly. 

BottaJIiuw,  a  town  of  the  county  of  Ty- 
rol,   lu  n)iles  S.  Brauneck. 

■  ^i)///;?'?'///,  a  town  of  New  Jcrfey.     18  m. 
WNW.  New-York. 

Bcttomlefs  Bay,  ( Bahiafm  Fondo)  a  bay 
of  the  Atlantic,  on  the  coall  of  South-Ame- 
rica.    Lat.  41.50.  S. 

■  Bottono,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Parma.    9  miles  SSE.  Parma. 

Botivar,  a  tov/n  of  Wurtemberg,  fituatcd 
on  a  fmall  river  of  the  lame  name,  which 
runs  into  the  Ncckar.     Jn  1642,  it  fuffercd 
from  the  troops   of  the  Duke  of  Weimar; 
and  in  169?,  by  the  French.     10   miles  S. 
•  Heilbron.    Lcng.c).  24.  E.  Lat.  49.1.N. 
'      Botivar,  a  river  of  W^urtemburg,  v.'hich 
.  runs  into  the  Muelir  at  Steinheim. 
-■  Brjzcr.,  fee  Bolzano. 


Botzenlurg,  fee  Boitzenlurg, 

Bova,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria  Ultra, 
the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fuftrapan  of  Reggio,  litu- 
ated  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines,  near  the 
fea.  This  town  is  faid  to  have  been  founded 
by  the  Albanians,  who  emigrated  after  the 
death  of  their  celebrated  prince  John  Caf- 
triot ;  of  whom  it  is  eftimated  that  there 
are  not  lefs  than  100,000,  inhabiting  diffe- 
rent towns  and  villages,  who  fpeak  their 
native  language,  and  are  ignorant  of  the 
language  of  Calabria.  20  miles  SE.  Reggio. 
Long.  16.  19  E.  Lat.  37.56.  N. 

Botiage,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Loire.  8  m.  SW.  Nantes. 

Bovai7ioote,  a  town  of  Bengal.  48  miles 
SSW.  Calcutta. 

Bouan-S'nna,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Chinefe 
fea,  near  the  coaft  of  Tonquin.  Long.  105. 
30.  E.  Lat.  18.  30.  N. 

Bovarno,  fee  Boharno. 

Bouca,  Lord  Anfon's  ifland,  fo  called  by 
Monf.  Bougainville. 

Boucan  de  Lalen,  a  town  on  the  wefl:  coaft 
oftheiflandofBourbon.  25m.SW.  St.Denys. 

Boucaut,  Vieux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Landes,  near  the  fea. 
18  m.  N.  Bayonne,  15  W.  Ax. 

Bouchain,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  North,  lituated  on  the 
Scheldt,  with  a  confiderable  trade  in  cattle 
and  corn.  Bouchain  is  a  ftrong  town.  In 
1523,  it  was  taken  by  the  Englifli,  and  by  the 
Duke  of  Marlborough  in  September  1711, 
after  a  (iege  of  thirty  days,  v/hen  the  garri-. 
fon  became  prifoners  of  war.  Mareflial 
Villars  retook  it  the  following  year.  It  was 
invelfed  by  the  Auftrians  in  the  fummer  of 
1793,  but  foon  relieved.  9  miles  SW.  Va- 
lenciennes, 7  NNE.  Cambray. 

Boucheviaine,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Maine  and  Loire.  4  miles 
S.  Angers. 

Boucheng,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Korafan.    20  miles  N.  Herat. 

Boucher,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Farfiftan,  on  the  north  coaft  of  the  Per-* 
fian  gulf.     160  miles  SW.  Schiras. 

Bouclans,^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Doubs.   8  m.  E.Befan50n. 

Boucnajch,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  HoU 
flein.     5  miles  ENE.  Rendiburg. 

Bouca'tran,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gard.     9  miles  W.  Uzes. 

BouconviUe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meufe.  6  milesE.  St.  Mihiel, 

Boudebou,  a  town  of  Benin,  on  the  For- 
mcfa.   40  miles  SW.  Benin. 

Bondelore,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     8  miles  W.  Tanjore. 

Boudevillers^^  town  of  Swiflerrand.  4  mc 
NW.  Neufchatel. 

Boudcvifi,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  feaL 
Long.  54. 15.  E.  Lat.  6.  10.  S. 


B  0  U 

Botidgor.g,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ben- 
gal.    25  miles  W.  Moorfhedabiid. 

Boiidham,  a  town  of  liindooltan,  in  Gu- 
zenit.     20  miles  E.  Surat. 

Boudoire,  or  Pic  de  la  Bondeufe,  a  name 
given  by  Bougainville  to  the  ifland  of  Ofna- 
bruck,  in  the  South  Pacific  ocean. 

Boiidok-uzi,  a  tov/n  of  Aliaiic  Turkey,  in 
the  government  of  Sivas.  20  miles  W, 
Tfchurum, 

Boudron.,  fee  Bcdron. 

Boudry,  a  town  and  chatellany  of  Swifier- 
land,  in  the  countv  of  Neufchatel.  4  miles 
SW.  Neufchatel. 

Boudziac,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
the  government  of  Sivas.     100  m.  N.  Sivas, 

Bovee,?i  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meiife.  15  miles  &E.  Bar-le-Duc. 

Bovelles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.     6  m.  WS  W.Amiens. 

Bovende?!,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Hefle  Rheiniels.  4  miles  N. 
Gottingen. 

Bavenfe,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  coaft 
of  the  ifiand  of  Fyen.  15  m.  NW.  Odenfe. 
■  Boves,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somrae.     6  m.  SE.  Amiens. 

Boves,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Stura.     4  miles  S.  Coni. 

Bovet's  Idand.  This  isfuppofed  by  Capt. 
Cooke  to  be  an  ifland  of  ice. 

Bo'vcy  Trace;,  a  village  of  England,  in 
the  county  of  Devon  ;  here  the  royalifls 
■were  defeated  by  Fairfax  in  1646.  t%  miles 
SW.  Exeter, 

BouL'xlere  (La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Ille  and  Vilaine.  10  m. 
NE.  Rennes. 

B-yUJjlers,  a  town  of  Frp.nce,  formerly  cal- 
led Cagni,  in  the  department  of  the  Oife. 
7  miles  W.  Beauvais. 

Boufraviont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Vofges.  6  m.  S.Neufchatean. 

Bougainville's  Bay,  a  bay  in  the  ilraits  of 
Magellan,  on  the  coaft  of  Patagonia,  fo 
named  by  Monfieur  Cougainvilfe.  It  is 
ubout  200  toifes  long,  and  50  deep ;  high 
mountains  furround  and  defend  it  againft  all 
winds,  fo  that  the  fea  is  always  fmooth,  as 
in  a  bafon.  Here  Bougainville  landed,  paf- 
fed  Ibme  time  on  fliore  in  December  1767, 
repaired  his  veffels,  and  flopped  a  leak  in 
the  Eftoile.  He  likev/ifefurveyed  the  coaft, 
particularly  the  oppofite  fhore  of  Terra  del 
Fuego.  Obfervatory  ifland  lies  before  this 
bay.     Loyg.  72.  9.  W.  Lat.  5.1.  50.  N. 

Bougainville' s  Island,  an  ifland  in  the 
Pacific  ocean,  between  New  Britain  and 
New  Georgia. 

Bougainville'' s  Straits,  a  pafTage  of  the 
South  Pacific  ocean,  between  Bougainville's 
Ifland  and  New  Georgia.  Long.  156.  E. 
Lft.  6.  50.  S. 

Bouglon^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 


B  O  U 

mcnt  of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.    4  miles  N. 
Caftel  Jaloux. 

Boidrce,o\\Q  of  the  fmallci  Friendly  iflands. 

Bouis  or  Poloni,  tv.'o  iflcts  in  the  Grcciaa 
Archipelago.  Long.  25.58.  E. Lnt.n.  16.N. 

Boujalu,  a  town  of  Viiiatic  Turkey,  in  Na^- 
tolia.     22  miles  W.  Caftamena. 

Boujeiah,  or  Uugia,  a  fcaport  town  of 
Africa,  in  the  country  of  Algiers.  The  har- 
bour is  large,  and  confined  by  a  wall  of 
fquare  ftones,  and  defended  by  two  caftles. 
The  principal  trade  of  the  inhabitants  is 
ploughfliarcs,  fpades,  and  other  inftruments 
of  agriculture,  made  of  iron,  obtained  from 
mountains  near  the  town  ;  conliderable  quan- 
tities of  oil  and  wax  are  exp.3rted,  the  pro- 
duce of  the  country  round  about.  In  the 
year  1671,  Sir  Edward  Spragg,  who  was 
fent  with  a  fleet  to  chaitilc  the  Algerines, 
directed  a  fire-fhip  into  the  liarbour,  and 
burned  feven  veffels  of  from  24  to  34  guns ; 
tLe  town  and  caftle  w^re  much  damaged, 
and  betv/een  300  and  400  men  killed.  The 
ancient  name  of  this  town  was  Sarda,  or 
Salda,  on  the  ruins  of  which  it  is  built ;  the 
harbour  is  formed  by  a  neck  of  land.  Be- 
fldes  the  caftle,  upon  the  fummit  of  a  hill, 
which  commands  the  whole  city,  there  are 
Xx-io  others  at  the  bottom  of  it,  for  the  fccu- 
rity  of  the  port,  where  feveral  breaches  ftill 
remain  in  the  walls  made  by  the  cannon 
balls  that  were  fired  againft  them  by  Sir  Ed- 
ward Spragg,  in  i67i,in  his  memorable  ex- 
pedition againft  this  place.  Boujeiah  is  one 
of  the  garrifbned  towns  of  this  kingdom, 
v/hcre  three  companies  of  Turkifli  Ibldiers 
conftantly  refide;  yet  they  are  of  fo  little 
confequence,  that  the  neighbouring  tribes 
lay  it  under  a  perpetual  blockade.  Every 
market  day  efpecialiy,  ftrange  diforders  are 
occalioncd  by  thefe  factious  clans.  All  the 
morning,  indeed,  while  the  market  conti- 
nues, every  thing  is  tranfadted  with  the 
utmoft  peace  and  tranquillity;  but  immedi- 
ately afterwards  the  whole  place  is  in  an  ifp- 
roar  and  confufion,  and  the  day  rarely  evids 
without  fome  flagrant  inftance  of  rapine 
and  barbarity.  When  any  veflel,  either  in 
the  courfe  of  failing,  or  by  ftrefs  of  weather, 
approaches  the  coail:,  thefe  inhofpitable 
Ivabylcs,  as  they  are  termed,  immediately 
flart  out  of  their  holes,  and  running  towards 
the  Ihore,  throw  out  a  thoufand  execrable 
wiflics  that  God  would  deliver  it  i;:t..;j  their 
hands.  Dr.  Shaw  thinks  it  probable  that 
the  name  of  Boujarone  was  given  by  the 
Italian  geographers  to  thefe  capes,  in  ccnfi- 
deration  of  the  brutal  and  inhuman  qualities 
of  the  inhabitants.  In  15 10,  this  town  was 
taken  by  the  Spaniards,  and  five  years  after 
ftood  out  againft  the  famous  Corfair  Barba- 
roflii,  who  befiegcd  it,  with  a  conCderable 
fleet.  80  miles E.  Algiers.  i.(5/;^.  5.  10.  K. 
Lat.  36.  4a.  N. 


B  0  U 

Bonjeponr,  or  Shaivahad,  a  province  of 
Bahar,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Gan- 
ges, on  the  eaft  by  Bahar  Proper,  on  the 
^uth-weft  by  Rotas,  and  on  the  north-weft 
by  Chunar  and  the  Ganges,  about  45  miles 
long,  and  35  broad.    Arrah  is  the  capital. 

Bovidjal,  a  town  of  Circaflia,  on  the  Black 
fea.     ?o  miles  SE.  Anapa. 

Bouillac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Garonne.  9  miles  NW. 
Grenade. 

Botiille,  (La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lower  Seine.    9  miles 
-  SSW.  Rouen. 

Bouille  Menard,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Maine  and  Loire.  6  m. 
NW.  Segre. 

Bouillon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
:  ment  of  the  Sambre  and  Meufe,  heretofore 
capital  of  afraall  principality  now  annexed  to 
France.  The  caftle  is  built  on  a  rock  by  the 
fide  of  the  Semoy,  near  its  jundtion  with  the 
Meufe.  The  famous  Godfrey,  general  of 
the  firft  cruflide,  and  firft  king  of  Jerufaleni, 
engaged  the  lordfliip  of  Bouillon  to  the 
biOiop  of  Liege  for  the  fum  of  1500  filver 
marks,  on  condition,  if  he  returned,  the 
eftate  was  to  be  returned  to  him,  otherwife 
to  remain  with  the  church  of  Liege.  In  the 
15th  century,  Bouillon  belonged  to  the  count 
of  Mai  k,  by  a  treaty  concluded  at  Tongres. 
The  emperor  Charles  V.  reltored  it  to  the 
,  bifhop  of  Liege.  The  property  was  feveral 
times  difputecl  between  the  billiops  of  Liege 
and  the  defcendants  of  the  houfe  of  Mark, 
in  which  the  title  of  duke  was  invefted,  till 
the  French  took  it  in  1676,  when  Louis 
XIV.  gave  it  to  the  Duke  of  Bouillon.  In 
the  month  of  May  1 7  94*  this  town  was  taken 
by  ftorm  by  General  Beaulieu,  after  defeat- 
ing a  conliderable  body  of  republicans,  and 
given  up  to  pillage;  laco  French  are  faid  to 
'  have  been  killed,  and  300  made  prifoners,  with 
lix  pieces  of  cannon.  6  miles  NNE.  Sedan, 
12  pofts  SSE.  Liege,  33  ENE.  Paris.  Long. 
5.  8.  E.  Lat.  i,^.  48.  N. 

Bouilly,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aube,  and  diiiridt  of  Ervy.  7 
miles  S.  Troyes. 

Bovhicoral,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  My- 
fore.     7  miles  N.  Erroad. 

Bovincs,  fee  Bouvigncs. 

Bov'ino,  a  tov/n  of  Naples,  in  the  Capita- 
nata,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  liifFragan  of  Bene- 
vcnto.  28  miles  ENE.  Benevento,  10  S. 
Lucera.     Long.  15.  20.  E.  Lat. /^x.  15.  N. 

BottiJJl;  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aude,  in  the  diftri(il  of  La 
Gralfe.     9  miles  SW.  La  Gralfe. 

Bo[(k  HotUHii,  or  Ri'd  River,  a  river  of 
Welt  Florida,  which  runs  into  the  bay  of  St. 
Louis,  Long.  8(;.  18.  W.  Lat.  30.  20.  N. 
Bouk'ter,  fee  Abukir. 
Bonk  Oke  Tannaici  a  river  of  Weft  Fig. 


BO  U 

rida,  which  runs  into  the  bay  of  St.  Louis, 
Long.  89.  16.  W.  Lat.  30.  30.  N. 

Bo-uhh,  fee  Boolab, 

Boulam  fee  BulatJi. 

Boulnn,  a  kingdom  in  the  fouthern  part 
of  the  ifland  of  Celebes, 

Botdanchair,2.  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  la 
the  province  of  Aladulia.  20  m.  SW.  Malatia. 

Boulay,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  dillridt,  in  the  department  of  the 
Mofelle.  16  miles  SE.  Thionville,  12  NE. 
Metz. 

Boulene,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Card.     5  m.  E.  Pont-St.Efprit. 

Bouleteranes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eaftern  Pyrenees.  12  miles 
W.  Perpignan. 

Boulki,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate ot  Lemberg.     16  miles  SE.  Lemberg. 

Boullonois,  before  the  revolution,  a  coun- 
try of  France,  in  the  northern  part  of  Picar- 
dy,  of  which  Boulonge  was  the  capital. 

Boulogne,  or  Boulogne-fur-Mer,  a  city  and 
feaport  of  France,  in  the  department  of  the 
Straits  of  Calais.  It  is  divided  into  Upper 
and  Lower  town,  the  former  of  which  is  fur- 
rounded  with  walls,  and  contains  about  400 
houfes.  This  part  was  principally  inhabited 
before  the  revolution  by  nobility.  The  lower 
town  lies  nearer  to  the  fea,  and  is  not  fur- 
rounded  with  walls,  containing  a  greater 
number  of  inhabitants  than  the  upper  town  ; 
and,  from  its  connexion  with  the  harbour, 
monopolizes  almoft  the  whole  of  the  trade. 
Before  the  revolution,  it  was  the  fee  of  a 
bifhop,  fufFragan  of  Reims,  the  feat  of  a  go- 
vernor, a  commandant,  a  king's  lieutenancy, 
&c.  The  harbour  is  difhcult  to  enter,  and 
the  anchorage  not  good.  There  is  not 
depth  of  water  for  fliips  of  war,  and  trading 
veffels  muft  take  the  advantage  of  the  tide. 
In  1544,  Boulogne  was  taken  by  the  Eng- 
lilh,  and  held  by  tliem  till  1550,  when  it  was 
given  up  on  payment  of  400,000  golden 
crowns,  to  defray  the  expences  incurred  in 
the  fortifications.  4  pofts  SSW.  Calais,  31 
N.  Paris.     Long.  1.  40.  E.  Lat.  50.  42.  N. 

Boulogne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment  of  the  Upper  Garonne.  12  miles 
N.  St.  Gaudens,  38  SW.  Touloufe. 

Boulloire,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Sarte.    15  miles  E.  Lc  Mans. 

Boulon,  {Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eaftern  Pyrenees,  taken  by 
the  Spaniards  in  the  year  1793,  and  retaken 
in  1794.     12  miles  S.  Pepignan. 

Boundhrook,  i.  town  of  New  Jerfey.  u 
miles  SW.  New- York.  Long.  74.  34.  W. 
Laf..A,o.  33.  N. 

Botmkee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,in  OrilTa. 
36  miles  NE.  Pada. 

Bovolante,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  thePaduan. 
7  miles  SE.  Padua. 
Boupery  [Lc,]  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dc- 


B  0  U 


B  O  U 


partment  of  the  Lower  Pyrenees.  lo  miles 
SW.  Mauleon. 

Boiiquena'iSt  a  town  of  Frnnce,  in  the  de- 
partment oF  the  Lower  Loire,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Loire.     3  miles  below  Nantes. 

Bouquenon,  a  town  of  Fiance,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mofclle.  15  m.  SW.Bitche. 

Bour,  a  town  of  Adatic  Turkey,  in  Cara- 
mania.     4  miles  SE.  Akferai. 

Bourac,  a  town  in  the  Arabian  Irak.  70 
miles  SSE.  Bagdat. 

Bourajiugy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.in  the 
circar  cf  Cicacole.     39  miles  E.  Kimedy. 

Bourhach,  or  Gratid  Bourbach,  a  town 
and  caftle  of  Germany,  in  the  principality 
of  NalTau-Dillenburg.  There  is  a  lead  mine 
near  it     9  miles  W.  Dillenburg. 

Bourbon,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Africa,  near  the 
«oaft  of  Senegal.  Loi:'g.  15.  W.  Lat.  ii.N. 

Bourbon,  an  ifland  in  the  Indian  Ocean, 
about  ,^6  miles  long,  and  48  broad.  It  was 
firft  difcovered  by  the  Portuguefe,  who 
called  it  Mafcareique,  or  Mafcarenhas ;  other 
Europeans  called  it  Saint  ApoUonion,  till 
in  1654,  Mr.  Flancourt,  governor  of  the 
French  fettlements  in  Madagafcar,  took 
poileffion  of  it,  and  called  it  Bourbon. 
There  are  many  good  roads  for  fhipping 
round  the  ifland,  particularly  on  the  north 
and  fouth  fides ;  but  hardly  a  fingle  harbour 
where  the  Ihips  can  ride  fecure  againft  thole 
hurricanes  which  blow  during  the  m.onfoons. 
Indeed  the  coail  is  fo  furrounded  with  rocks, 
funk  a  few  feet  below  the  water,  that  en- 
trance into  the  harbours,  at  leaft  coafting 
along  the  fhore,  is  at  all  times  dangerous. 
On  the  fouthern  extremity  there  is  a  vol- 
cano, which  continually  throws  up  llame, 
fmoke,  and  fulphur,  with  a  hideous  roaring 
noife,  terrible  in  the  night  to  mariners;  no 
lefs  fo,  fays  La  Croix,  than  the  ifland  Del 
Fuego,  mount  Hecla  in  Iceland,  and  we 
may  add,  mounts  iEtna  and  Vefuvius.  The 
climate,  though  intenfely  hot,  is  healthy, 
being  refreflied  by  cooling  gales  that  blow 
morning  and  evening  from  the  fea  or  land. 
Sometimes,  however,  terrible  hurricanes 
fliake  the  whole  ifland,  and  affright  the  inha- 
bitants, but  generally  without  any  bad  con- 
fequence.  No  country  can  be  more  happily 
watered  than  Bourbon ;  every  fide  of  it  is 
refieflied  by  rivulets,  fprings,  and  murmur- 
ing brooks,  which  tumble  in  delightful  caf- 
cades,  down  the  crevices  and  chinks  of  the 
mountains  into  the  fea.  The  ifland  abounds 
in  fruit,  grafs,  and  cattle ;  though  before 
the  French  fettled  upon  it,  the  latter  were 
hardly  known,  and  the  country  was  almoll 
a  defcrt.  It  produces  excellent  tobacco, 
■which  the  French  have  planted  there,  aloes, 
white  pepper,  ebony,  palm,  and  other  kinds 
of  wood  and  fruit  trees,  fpontaneoufly.  It 
even  yields  wood  fit  for  fhip  building,  and 
a  great  variety  gf  trees  that  aflord  odorife- 


rous gums  and  refins;  among  the  refl", 
benzoin,  of  an  excellent  kind,  and  in  great 
abundance.  Notwithilanding  the  quantity 
of  white  pepper  fhrub'^,  Uicy  never  could 
difcover  either  the  plant  that  bears  the  black 
pepper,  or  cubcbs,  though  this  la<t  has  been 
frequently  found  with  the  inhabitants.  The 
rivers  are  well  ftockcd  with  fiih,  the  coafls 
with  land  and  fea  tortoifes,  every  pait  of  the 
country  with  horned  cattle,  as  well  as  hogs 
and  goats,  the  former  imported  from  Europe, 
and  fince  exceedingly  multiplied.  Amber- 
grife,  coral,  and  the  moft  beautiful  fliells, 
are  gathered  upon  the  fhore.  The  woods 
are  filled  with  game,  luch  as  turtle-doves, 
paroquets,  pigeons,  and  a  great  variety  of 
other  birds.  The  ifle  of  Bourbon,  when  fiift 
difcovered  by  the  Portuguefe,  was  without 
inhabitants,  and  confequently  without  culti- 
vation, but  the  coaft  abounded  in  fifli,  and 
land  turtles  were  every  where  feen  of  a  pro- 
digious fize.  In  the  early  part  of  the  fetde- 
ment  the  colonifts  lived  on  fifh,  turtle,  rice, 
potatoes,  and  yains.  They  denied  them- 
felves  butcher's  meat,  as  it  was  of  the  utmofl 
importance  that  they  fhould  increafc  their 
cattle  and  fheep.  As  foon  as  the  f'eafon  be- 
caine  favourable,  they  planted  fugar-canes, 
and  fovved  corn.  The  firfl  harveft  furpafTed 
their  hopes  ;  and  this  little  colony  was  con- 
fidered  as  eftablifhed,  with  an  ailurance  of 
increaiing  profperity.  The  inhabitants  of 
Bourbon  extraded  a  fermented  liquor  from 
the  fugar-cane,  a  procefs  v/hich  they  had 
learned  from  the  iflander?  of  Madagafcar. 
It  is  preferable  to  the  beftcider  of  Normandy, 
though  it  will  not  keep  24  hours  after  its 
fermentation.  The  fmall  number  of  catdc 
and  Iheep  which  had  been  tranfported  from 
Madagafcar  to  Bourbon,  increafed  and  mul- 
tiplied; thefe  animals  found  in  the  woods 
food  of  a  nutricious  quality,  and  fhclter 
from  the  burning  fun  of  the  tot  rid  zone.  In 
1 7 18,  they  procured  from  Mocha  fome 
young  plants  of  the  coffee  tree,  which  fiou- 
rifhed  under  their  care:  thus  the  ifle  of 
Bourbon  became  a  produ6live  fettlement  to 
theEsff-India  Company;  and  though  much 
lefs  known  than  the  ifle  of  France,  having 
no  port,  it  is  neverthelefs  as  populous  as  the 
latter,  and  furnifhes  more  corn  tlian  is  necef- 
fary  for  the  confumption  of  its  inhabitants. 
The  ifle  of  Bourbon  has  at  a  diftance  a  glo- 
bular appearance,  and  is  a  huge  mafs  of  lofty 
mountains.  It  is  fiiid  to  be  cultivated  to  the 
height  of  eight  hundred  fathom;  and  three 
inacceflible  peaks,  which  are  fituated  in  the 
middle  of  the  ifland,  are  fuppofed  to  pofTefs 
an  elevation  of  upwards  of  3200  yards.  A 
beautiful  fliVi  a  pure  air,  a  delicious  climate, 
and  wholefome  waters,  have  however  col- 
le(5fed  a  numerous  population  of  ftrong  and 
courageous  men,  diftributed  in  nine  parifhes, 
of  which  St.  Denis  is  the  principal,  as  well 


B  O  IT 

astute  refidence  of  the  governor,  of  the  admi- 
r)i{iraf:on,and  fnpremc  council.  The  prelent 
population  is  eftiniateci  at  60,000  flnves,  and 
j,ooo  white  inhabitants.  This  ifland  pro- 
duced in  1768,  20,000  quintals  of  corn,  and 
the  fame  quantity  of  coffee,  without  men- 
tioning rice,  and  other  produ6tions,  which 
are  confumed  within  itfelf.  The  nianners 
of  the  ancient  inhabitants  of  the  ifle  of 
Bourbon  were  diflinguifhed  by  their  iimpli- 
city  ;  the  greater  part  of  their  houfes  were 
without  fattening,  and  a  lock  was  fo  rare  as 
to  be  an  objecl  of  curiofity,  they  frequently 
kept  their  money  in  turtle  fhells,  and  placed 
them  overthei--  doors;  they  clad  themfelves 
in  blue  linen,  but  difdained  both  fhoes  and. 
ftockings,  and  lived  on  rice  and  coffee; 
they  received  few  or  no  articles  from  Eu- 
rope, and  were  content  to  live  without  lux- 
r.ry,  fo  that  they  could  liie  free  from  want. 
W^en  a  ftrangcr  appeared  among  them, 
their  hofnitali^y  knew  no  bounds.  The  prin- 
cipal produce  of  this  iiland  for  exportation 
is  coffee,  of  which  there  are  three  annual 
liarvefts;  and  it  is  faid  that  it  is  but  little 
inferior  to  that  of  Mocha ;  but  the  tranf- 
port  of  it  by  fea  is  attended  with  a  degree 
of  rifk  peculiar  to  itfelf;  the  leafl  humidity 
being  fufhcient  to  fpoil  an  entire  cargo.  A 
bag,  weighing  an  hundred  pounds,  put  on 
beard  at  the  ifland  of  Bourbon,  generally 
produces  104  or  106  pounds  on  its  arrival 
in  France.  Thefe  bags  are  made  of  reeds, 
which  grow  in  the  iiland,  and  were  firft. 
foimed  into  mats  for  this  purpofe  by  the 
flaves  which  were  brought  from  Madagaf- 
gar.  Rats  and  mice  make  a  mofl  deftruc- 
tive  havock  in  the  plantations,  but  there  are 
neither  monkies  or  wild  beafls.  Befides 
coffee,  the  ifland  produces  corn,  rice, 
riaize,  and  manioc,  with  which  they  furnifh 
the  inhabitants  of  the  Mauritius,  at  certain 
prices  fixed  by  the  India  company,  or  the 
.governor  general  of  the  two  iCan'ds.  The 
«:urn  at  nine  Hvres  the  hundred  weight;  the 
rice,  at  one  fous  the  pound,  or  five  livrcs 
the  hundred  weight  unpicked  ;  and  maize, 
at  four  livrcs  for  the  fame  quantity.  The 
French  India  company,  procured  at  a  great 
cxpence,  feme  young  fpice  plants  from  the 
Dutch  iflands;  but  though  fome  of  them 
f]ourinied,  others  degenerated;  neverthelcfs, 
the  culrivation  of  tiicm  ;.-,  continued  with 
groat  ;i!fiduity,  and  the  hope  of  final  fucccfs. 
I'refh  and  larger  importations  of  thefe  plants 
w-re  aftei  wards  made.  This  ifland  is  fuhjed 
t'->  hurricanes  from  the  middle  of  December 
to  the  ftrff  of  April,  they  are  often  very 
violent,  and  prove  extremely  mifchicvous 
to  the  har'-efl;  they  throw  down  the  houfes, 
root  up  trtes,  and  as  there  is  no  port  in 
the  iOand,  the  vliIcIs  which  arc  overtaken 
by  ihcm  perilh,  if  they  do  not  gain  the  open 
lea:  they  however,  give  fufhcient  warmng 


B  O  U 

of  their  arrival,  and  lafl  generally  24  hours, 
during  which  time  the  winds  blow  from 
every  quarter,  but  they  are  moft  violent  in 
the  point  which  appears  to  be  their  centre. 
They  are  not  very  extenfive  in  their  fweep, 
as  it  fomctimes  happens  that  the  hurricanes 
in  the  ifland  of  Mauritius,  are  not  known 
in  the  Ifle  of  Bourbon,  but  by  the  confufion 
and  darknefs  of  the  clouds,  and  a  kind  of 
whifpering  found  in  the  air.  The  civil  go- 
vernment of  the  ifland  of  Bourbon,  is  com- 
pofed  of  a  Governor  and  f'even  ccunfellors : 
who  are  neverthelcfs,  fubjeff  to  the  governor 
of  the  ifland  of  Mauritius:  the  other  mem- 
bers amount  to  about  thirty,  confiil:ing  of 
merchants,  faflors,  and  writers:  the  com- 
miflions  of  the  counfe!!ors  were  derived  from 
the  king.  The  governor  has  a  f'alary  of 
i2,oco  livres  of  France  per  annum;  beiides 
various  perqifites,  which  furnirti  the  prin- 
cipal part  of  the  expenceof  his  table.  The 
fecond  in  command  has  4,000  livres  per 
annum;  the  counfellors  2,000  livres;  and 
the  inferior  ofhcers  1,400  livers  :  the  coun- 
fellors have  alfo  an  allowance  on  the  mer- 
chandize which  is  fold  in  their  magazines, 
as  well  as  on  what  is  exported,  which  is  equal 
to  their  appointments.  The  commodities 
found  in  their  magazines  are  fold  to  the 
officers  and  other  inhabitants,  at  about  45 
livres  per  cent,  above  the  price  of  Europe. 
The  OfKcers  are  allowed  a  certain  quantity 
of  wine  at  the  current  price,  while  it  is  fold 
to  the  inl^abitants  at  a  hundred  per  cent.  The 
volcano  is  fituated  almofl  at  the  lummit  of 
an  hollow  and  detruncated  mountain,  whofe 
bafe,  falling  down  v/ith  a  gentle  inclination, 
reffs  upon  a  bed  of  calcined  earth,  at  tiie 
diffance  of  a  league  from  the  fea.  Though 
the  matter  it  contains  is  continually  boiling, 
it  never  riles  fo  high  as  to  proceed  from  the 
crater.  In  the  moment  of  an  Irruption,  the 
lava  is  feen  taking  its  conrfe  down  the  fide 
of  the  mountain,  in  fuch  a  manner  as  to 
offer  the  appearance  of  a  fiery  cafcade.  The 
light  which  is  diffufed  to  a  great  diltance, 
as  well  on  fea  as  land,  is  equal  to  that  of 
the  nioon  in  its  full  fplcndour  :  according  to 
the  tradition  of  the  country,  it  was  this  na- 
tural Pharos  that  attracted  the  curicfity  of 
the  firft  Europeans  who  vifited  thefe  coafts. 
The  environs  of  the  volcano,  are  covered 
with  fal  ammoniac,  fulphur,  alum,  and  pu- 
mice ftone.  It  is  a  remarkable  circumflance, 
and  very  different  from  other  volcanoes, 
that  though  its  eruptions  are  frequent,  they 
are  never  accompanied  with  earthquakes  : 
the  fecurity  of  the  inhabitants,  therefore, 
is  not  endangered  by  the  vicinity  of  luch  a 
phaenomenon,  as  is  known  to  be  the  cafe  in 
every  country  afHiftcd  by  Vhcm  ;  nor  has  it 
been  obferved  that  water  is  at  any  time 
thrown  forth  from  this  volcano  ;  nor  has  any 
warm  rainer^  fpring  been  dilco\cred  in 


B  0  U 

this  ifland.  Lo7ig.  $$'  ^°'  E.  P.iiis.   Laf. 
20.  51.  .J. 

Bourbon.,  a  town  of  Kentucky,  and  capital 
of  a  county,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lickinf^;. 
^d  miles  E.  Francfort.  Long.  84.  37.  W. 
Lat.  38.  4.  N. 

Bour-bo.n  Lake,-s.  lake  of  North-Ameiica, 
^vhich  received  its  name  from  I'ome  French 
traders,  who  accompanied  a  party  ot  In- 
dians to  Hudfc/n's  Bay,  Ibme  years  ago,  and 
•was  thus  denominated  by  them,  in  honour 
of  the  royal  family  of  France.  It  is  com- 
pofed  of  the  waters  of  the  Bourbon  river, 
which  rii'es  a  great  way  to  the  ibuthward, 
not  far  from  the  northern  heads  of  the  Mif- 
fiffippi.  This  lake  is  about  eighty  miles  in 
length,  north  and  fouth,  and  is  nearly  circu- 
lar. It  has  no  very  large  iflands  on  it.  The 
land  on  the  eaftern  fide  is  very  good  ;  and 
to  the  fouthwelf  there  are  fome  mountains  : 
in  many  other  parts  there  are  barren  plains, 
bogs,  and  morafl'es.  As  through  its  nor- 
thern fituation  the  weather  there  is  extreme- 
ly cold,  only  a  few  animals  are  to  be  found 
in  the  country  that  borders  on  it.  Tliere 
are  but  fome  buffaloes  of  a  fmall  iize,  which 
are  fat  and  good  about  the  latter  end  of 
fummer,  with  a  few  moofe  and  carriboo 
deer  ;  however  this  deficiency  is  made  up 
by  the  furs  of  every  fort  that  are  to  be  met 
with  in  great  plenty  around  the  lake.  The 
timber  growing  here  is  chiefly  fir,  cedar, 
fpruce,  and  fome  maple. 

Boiirhon  P  Archa7?ibaudi  a  town  cf  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Allier,  and  diffrici 
of  Cerilly,  which  gave  name  to  a  country, 
and  the  houfe  of  Bourbon,  celebrated  for  its 
hot  medicinal  waters  and  baths.  It  contains 
two  hofpitals,  and  about  2000  fouls.  i%  miles 
W-  Moulins. 

Bourbon  Archipelago,  a  name  given  to  the 
Society  Iflands,  by  Monfieur  Bougainville, 
in  1768. 

Bourbon  Lancy,  a  town  of  France,  and 
principal  place  of  a  diftriift,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Saone  and  Loire,  celebrated  for 
its  medicinal  fprings.  It  contains  three  pa- 
rifhes  and  two  hofpitals.  Near  it  are  found 
ruins,  which  bear  evidence  of  its  former 
magnificence.  In  thefuburbs  is  a  medicinal 
fpring,  with  fome  baths.  45  miles  WNW. 
Macon,  28  SW.  Autun.  Long  3.  51.  E. 
L^t.  46.  37.  N. 

Bourhonne  les  Bains,  a  town  of  France, 
and  principal  place  of  a  diflri<5l,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Marne,  celebrated 
for  its  hot  baths.  18  miles  ENE.  Langres. 
JLong.  5.  50.  E.  Lat.  47.  57-  N. 

Bourbonnois,  before  the  revolution  a  pro- 
vince of  France,  bounded  on  the  eafl  by  Bur- 
gandy,  on  tlie  north  and  well  by  Nivernois 
and  Berry,  and  on  the  fouth  by  Auvergne. 
The  climate  is  very  temperate,  and  the  coun- 
try abounds  in  corn,  hemp,  fruit,  wine,  pal- 


B  O  U 

turage,  and  wood ;  there  arc  fome  mines  of 
coal,  und  medicin^d  fprings. 

Bourhourg,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  North,  fituated  on  a  nnvi- 
gable  canal,  which  communicates  with  Ca- 
liis,  St.  Omer,  Dunkirk,  Gravclines,  &c.  In 
1383,  this  town  was  taken  by  the  Englifh, 
but  not  kept  long.  9  miles  S\V\  Dunkirk, 
3  SE.  Gravelines. 

Bonrbriac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  North  Coal}:.  5  niiles  S. 
Guingamp. 

Bourchef,  a  town  of  France  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Forefls.    4  miles  NW.  Dicrich. 

Bourdfaux,  a  city  and  Icaport  of  France, 
and  capital  of  the  department  of  the  Gi- 
ronde,  fituated  on  the  weft  coafl  of  the  Ga- 
ronne :  before  the  revolution,  the  capital  of 
the  Bourdelois,  the  fee  of  an  archbifhop,  and 
the  feat  of  a  lieutenant-general,  a  parliament, 
&c.  It  has  an  univerfity,  founded  in  the 
year  144 1  ;  an  academy  of  lc"ences  and 
belles  lettres,  eifablillied  in  i7iz;  a  public 
library  ;  a  large  hofpital,  in  which  are  fe- 
veial  manufactures,  &c.  The  harbour  is 
large,  and  the  quays  grand  and  extenfive. 
Four  or  five  hundred  merchants'  fhips  are 
often  found  there  at  one  time,  importing 
woollen  fluffs,  tin,  copner,  coals,  herrings, 
leather,  falted  beef, -tallow,  d -ulxs,  deals, 
maffs  for  fhips,  hemp,  pitcli,  and  tar,  &c.  ; 
and  returning  loaded  with  cargoes  ot  wine, 
brandy,  of  which  two  articles  they  annually 
export  near  100,000  tuns ;  vinegar,  fruit,  re- 
fin,  paper,  honey,  cork,  &c.  Veffels  of  France 
bring  from  the  Weil-lndies  fjgar,  cotton, 
indigo,  and  other  articles.  The  wbale  and 
cod  fi.Tierv  form  likewife  a  conliderable 
branch  of  the  commerce  of  this  city.  There 
are  feveral  veftiges  of  Roman  grandeur,  as 
the  tower-gate,  laid  to  have  been  crefted  in 
the  time  ofAugufTius;  an  ampithcatre,  and 
palace  of  Galliei^us ;  u  temple,  a  fountain, 
&:c.  It  contains  above  7000  houfes,  and 
about  130,000  inhabitants.  74  pcifs  PSW, 
Paris.     Long.  c.  29.  W.  Lat,  44.  51.  N. 

Bourdeoux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Drome.     18  m.  S.  Valence. 

Bourdsille,  a  tovv^n  of  France  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Dnrdo!i;ne.  In  1369,  this  place 
was  taken  by  the  Englifh.  10  miles  1-JW. 
Perlgueux. 

Bourdeli/is-,  (LcsJ  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  depHitment  of  the  Cher.  20  miles  SE. 
Bourgjs. 

Bourdelois,  hthre  the  revoluiion,  a  coun- 
try of  France,  in  the  province  of  Guienne, 
in  the  enyiions  of  Bourdeaux;  bounded  on 
the  eaft  by  Agcnois  and  Pcrigord,  on  the 
fouth  by  Gafcony,  on  the  wefl  by  the  fea, 
and  on  tl;e  north  by  Saintonge. 

Bourdieu's  Biiy,  a  large  bay  in  Cooke's 
inlet,  on  the  well  coail  of  North-America, 
ao  miles  NW.  Cape  Douglas. 


B  O  U 

B-oiirdomiay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Meurte.  6  m.  SE.  Mar- 
fal,  izNELuneville. 

Eourdour,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Caramania.     98  miles  SW.  Cogni. 

Botiretoute,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment ot  the  Lower  Seine.  24  m.  NNW. 
Rouen. 

Bourg,  or  Bourg-fiir-GironJe,  or  Bourg- 
Jur-Mer,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diflri^l,  in  the  department  of  the 
GironJe,  (ituated  on  the  Gironde  with  a  tide 
harbour.  It  carries  on  a  conhderable  trade 
in  wine.  15  miles  N.  Bourdeaux.  Long.  o. 
28-  W.  La'.4s.  4.  N. 

Bcurg,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ardennes.  24  miles  S.  Mezieres. 

Boiug,  ( Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lower  Loire.  21  miles 
W  Nantes.   ^  ' 

Bourg,  (Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Charente,  (ituated  on  the 
fouth  (ide  of  the  Cliarente,  oppofite  Jarnac. 
5  miles  F..  Cognac. 

B-,u"g,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cayenne, 
in  South-America. 

ijw/rif,  a  tovvnof  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Puy-de-D6me.  9  miles  S. 
Amber. 

Bourg  Argental,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  theRhone  and  Loire.  12  miles 
SE.  St.  Etienne. 

BcxiTg  d'  Arlantt  (LeJ  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Puy-de-D6me.  ^S 
niiles  SE.  Clermont. 

Brjurg-cn-BreJfe,  a  city  of  France,  and 
capital  of  the  department  of  the  Ain,  htuated 
on  the  Reflouze,  in  a  country  a  little  marfhy, 
but  fertile:  iis  principal  comm.erce  is  in 
corn,  horfes,  catde,  and  white  leather.  The 
numlx:r  of  inhabitants  is  about  4500.  9  pofts 
N.LycHis,  57-1  SE.  Paris.  Long.  5.  18.  E. 
Lat.Acd.  12.  N. 

Bcurg  des  Covif.es,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  llle  and  Yilaine.  10 
miles  S.  Rennes. 

Bourg  D'uH,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment ofthelndre.  i  m.  N.  Chateuroux. 

Bourg  Lajlie,  or  Bourg  /'An'.e,  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Puy-de- 
Dome.     24  miles  WSW.  Clermont. 

Bourg  dt;LcJ}ra,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie 
department  of  the  Ardcche.  18  ra.  NNW. 
Prjvas. 

Bi^urgKaif,  a  feaport  town  of  France,  in 
tlic  Englifli  Channel,  in  the  department  of 
the  Lower  Charente,  (ituntcd  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Loiic,  in  a  bay  to  which  it  gives  name, 
between  the  Ifle  of  Noiimouticr  and  the 
Continent.  The  harbour  and  bay  are  fafc  : 
the  chief  trade  of  the  town  is  fait  made  I'rom 
ialt  maidies  near  the  place.  19  miles  SW. 
Nantes,  6  WNW.  Machccoul. 

Ba,r^-d'0/fcvis,  ( Li',J  a  town. of  France, 


B  0  U 

in  the  department  of  the  Ifere,  on  the  Ro- 
manche.     15  miles  SE  Grenoble. 

Bourg  la  Rsine,  or  Bourg  I'Egaliie,  a 
town  of  France  and  principal  place  of  a  dif- 
triift,  in  the  department  of  Paris.  4  miles  S. 
Paris. 

Bourg  Lihre,  fee  Humngcn. 

Bourg  le  Roy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Sarte.     6  m.S.  Alencon. 

Bourg  le  St.  Andeol,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  tiie  Ardeche.  21m.  SSE. 
Privas. 

Bourg  de  Valence,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Drome,  i  mile  N. 
Valence. 

Bourg  de  Vifat,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lot.     8  m.  W.  Lauzerte. 

Bourg  d'  Ault.  a  town  of  France,  on  the 
fea  ccail,  in  the  department  of  the  Somme. 
three  miles  N.  Eure. 

Bourg  Dun,  (Le),  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lower  Seine.  9  miles 
SW.  Dieppe. 

Bourgachard,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Eure.  16  miles  E.  Pont 
Audemer. 

Bourganeufi's.^own.  of  France,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  diftri«fl,  in  the  department  of 
the  Creufe.  13  miles  S.  Gueret,  16  W.  Abuf- 
fon.     Long.  1.  50,  E.  Lat.  45.  57.  N. 

Bourges,zc\v^  of  France,  and  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Cher,  fituated  at  the 
conflux  of  the  Auron  and  Eure.-  Before  the 
revolution  the  fee  of  an  archbifhop,  with  an 
univerfity,  founded  or  re-eflablifhed  by 
Louis  XI.  who  was  born  here,  and  endowed 
the  town  with  fome  confiderable  privileges. 
The  cathedral  church  is  confidered  as  a 
beautiful  piece  of  Gothic  architefture.  The 
principal  manuiaclures  are  cloth,  woollen 
fluffs,  and  ftockings,  great  quantities  of 
which  are  difpofed  of  at  their  annual  fairs  ; 
befides  which  the  commerce  is  fmall.  It 
contained  iixteen  parilhes  churches,  and 
about  2o,coo  inhabitants.  This  city  was  an- 
ciently called  Avaricum,  and  afterwards  Bi- 
turiges ;  the  former  from  the  river  Avara,  now 
Erve,  the  latter  from  the  people.  Cxfar 
took  it  by  (form  after  a  vigorous  defence, 
being  one  of  the  ifrongefl:  cities  in  Gaul. 
8^  pofts  W.  Ncvers,  3 1  j  S.  Paris.  Long.  2. 
28.  E.  Lat.  47.  5.  N. 

Bcurget,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Mont  Blanc,  at  the  extremity  of  a 
lake  to  which  it  gives  name.  6  miles  N. 
Chambcry. 

Bonrgft,  a  lake 'of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment c:  Mont  Blanc.  10  miles  long,  and  z 
to  3  wide.     6  miles  N.  Chambery. 

Bourget  {Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Paris.     6  miles  N.  Paris. 

Bcurgneuj,  a  town  of  France,  m  the  de-. 
partment  of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  8  miles 
NW.  Chalons,  18  SW.  Autun. 


B  0  U 

Bvirgncuf  de  la  Fore'},  {Le,)  a  town  of 
France  in  the  department  of  the  Mayenne. 
9  mil«s  NW.  Laval. 

Bourt^oin, -Mown  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Here.  6  miles  W.  La  Tour  du 
Pin. 

Bour^oti,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayenne.     15  m.  NW.  Lava!. 

BoHrgo)ic,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Marne.     6  miles  N.  Reims. 

Bourgtkcroude,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Eure.  15  miles  E.  Pont 
Audemcr. 

Bourguell,  a  town  of  France,  and  feat  of 
a  tribunal,  in  the  department  of  the  Indre 
and  Loire,  zz  miles  W,  Tours,  10  W, 
I^angeais.  Long.  o.  15.  W.  Lat.  47.  17.  N. 

Boarguda,  or  Biirgtteta,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Navarre,  in  the  road  from  Pamplona  to 
France.     15  miles  NE.  Pamplona. 

Boiiri,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Adji.  50 
miles  NW.  Birbaum. 

Boiirmont,  a  town  of  France,  and  princi- 
pal place  of  a  diilri^t,  in  the  department  of 
the  Upper  Marne,  fituated  on  a  ifeep  moun- 
tain. 24  miles  N.  Langres,  18  ENE.  Chau- 
mont  en  Baffigny.  Long.  5.  40.  E.  Lat. 
48.  12.  N. 

Bourn.,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Lincoln,  with  a  market  on  Saturdays. 
In  i8oi,the  number  of  inhabitants  was  1474. 
Here  was  anciently  a  caftle  and  priory  of 
Auguftine  canons;  near  it  is  Grimthorpe, 
a  feat  of  the  Duke  of  Ancafter.  36  miles 
S.Lincoln,  97  N.  London.  Long.  i.  18.  W. 
Lat.  52.  46.  N. 

Bourn,  a  river  of  England,  which  nfes 
in  Wiltfhire,  a  little  to  the  north-weft  of 
Ludgerihall,  and  runs  into  the  Avon  at 
Salifbury. 

Bournabajhi,  a  village  of  Afiatia  Turkey, 
in  Natolia,  near  the  fite  of  ancient  Troy. 

Bournan,  Le  Grand,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  Mont  Blanc.  12  miles 
E.  Annecy,  27  N.  Chambery. 

Bournafel,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  de 
partment  of  the  Aveiron.  15  miles  NW. 
Rhodez. 

Bourneville,'^  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure.  6  miles  NW.  Pont 
Audemer. 

Bournezcau,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Vendee.  15  miles  NW. 
Fontenay-le- Compte. 

Bourniquet,  a  town  of  France,  ir.  the 
department  of  the  Lot,  on  thefouth  (ide  of 
the  Aveiron.  13  miles  ENE.  Montauban,  25 
SSE.  Cahors. 

BcurnoH,  fee  Bornou. 

Bouro,  a  fmall  ifland,  north  of  the  ifland 
,of  Sumatra.     15  miles  NE.  Acheen. 

Bouro,  or  Bourro,  or  Buero,  one  of  the 
Molucca  illands,  about  i^o  miles  in  circum- 
fereace,  between  Celebes  and  C-iiaia.    This 


B  O  U 

ifland  was  formerly  fubjcfl:  to  the  King  of 
Ternate,  who  got  a  tribute  fr;w  ih'-ncc- 
The  principal  place  in  it  is  Cajeli,  fituated 
at  the  bottom  of  the  gulf  of  that  name  in  a 
marfliy  plain.  The  garrifon  is  commanded 
by  a  chief,  and  confifts  of  a  ferjeant  and 
tv/enty-five  men  :  on  the  whole  ifland  are 
not  above  fifty  white  people.  Some  habita- 
tions of  black  people  are  difperfed  on  it ; 
and  they  cultivate  rice.  The  natives  of  the 
country  are  of  two  clafTes,  the  Mo  ts  and 
the  Alfourians.  The  former  live  together 
under  the  flu^lory,  being  entirely  fubmitted 
to  the  putch,  who  infpire  them  with  a  great 
fear  of  all  foreiqn  rations.  They  are'zea- 
lous  obfcrvers  of  the  Mahomedan  religion  ; 
that  is,  they  make  frequent  ablutions,  eat  no 
pork,  and  take  as  many  wives  as  they  caji 
fupport,  being  very  jealous  of  them,  and 
keeping  them  (Irut  up.  Their  food  is  fago, 
fome  fruits,  and  iiih.  On  holy  days  they 
feaft  upon  rice,  which  the  company  fell 
them.  Their  chiefs  are  always  about  the 
Dutch  chief,  who  feems  to  have  regard  for 
them,  and  by  their  means  keeps  the  people 
in  order.  Thefe  Moors  are  upon  the  whole 
ugly,  lazy,  and  not  at  all  warlike  ;  they  are 
greatly  afraid  of  the  Papous,  or  inhabitants 
of  Papua,  who  come,  to  the  number  of  two 
or  three  hundred,  to  burn  their  habitations, 
and  to  carry  away  all  they  can,  efpecially 
Haves.  The  Dutch  do  not  make  (laves  of 
the  natives  of  Bouro,  for  the  company  get 
thofe  whom  they  employ  that  way,  either 
from  Celebes  or  from  Ceram;  as  the  inha- 
bitants of  theie  two  ifles  fell  each  other  re- 
ciprocally. The  Alfourians  are  a  free  peo- 
ple, without  being  enemies  to  the  company; 
they  are  fatisfied  with  being  independent, 
and  covet  not  thofe  trifles  which  the  Eu- 
ropeans fell  or  give  them  in  exchange  for 
their  liberty.  They  live  difperfed  in  the  in- 
accefiible mountains  which  the  inteiior  parts 
of  this  ifle  contains  ;  they  fubfift  upon  lago, 
fruits,  andhunting;theirreligionisunknown; 
it  is  laid  that  they  are  not  Mahomedans,  for 
they  feed  hogs,  and  likewife  eat  them.  If 
there  were  formerly  any  fpice  plantations  on 
this  ifle,  it  iscertain  there  are  none  at  prcfent. 
The  company  get  from  this  ftation  nothing 
but  black  and  white  ebony,  and  fome  other 
fpecies  of  wood,  which  are  much  in  rcqueit 
\yith  cabinet-makers.  There  is  likewife  a 
fine  pepper  plantation,  which  is  common  in 
New  Britain.  Fruits  are  fcarce ;  there  are 
cocoa-nuts,  bananas,  fhaddocks,  fome  le- 
mons, citrons,  bitter  oranges,  and  a  few  pine- 
apples. Ther:  are  a  kind  of  bats,  whofe 
wings  are  of  a  monftrous  extent ;  enormous 
feipents,  which  can  fwallow  a  whole  fheep 
at  once,  and  another  fpecies  of  fnakcs  which 
are  much  more  dangerous,  becaufe  they 
keep  upon  trees,  and  dart  into  the  eyes  of 
thole  wlio  iouk  into  thcuir  as  ihey  pals  by. 


B  O  U 


B  O  U 


No  remedy  is  as  yet  found  againfl  the  b^te 
of  this  laft  kind.  The  river  Abbo,  of  which 
tlic:  banks  are  almofl  evei  y  where  covered 
v.'iih  trees  of  a  thick  foliage,  is  infefted  by 
enormous  crocodiles,  which  devour  men  and 
beaits ;  they  go  out  at  night,  and  there  are 
inllanccs  of  their  taking  men  out  of  their  pe- 
liguas:  the  people  keep  them  from  coming 
near  by  carrying  Hgisted  torches.  The  (liores 
cf  Bouro  do  not  furniili  many  fine  fliells. 
Thofe  precious  ihells  which  are  an  article 
cf  commerce  with  the  Dutch,  are  found  on 
the  coaft  of  Ceram,  at  Arnblau  and  at  Banda, 
from  whence  they  are  lent  to  Batavia.  Long. 
126.  E.  Lat.  3.  40.  S. 

Boiirori,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Romania,  the  fee  of  a  Greek  biihop.  15 
miles  from  the  coaft  of  the  Archipelago. 

B'jure,  or  BurrS,  a  kingdom  of  Africa, 

fouthofthe  river  Siena-Leone,  near  the  coaft. 

Brjurtuvgy  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Gron- 

ingen,  which  in    1795    was  taken  by   the 

French.     12  miles  SSW.  Winfchotten. 

Bou7-th,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eure.     6  miles  NW.  VerneuiL 

Bourtkfs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Straits  of  Calais,  ij  miles  S£. 
Boulogne. 

BouJ'a,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Negroland. 
Lonyi.  7.  25.  E.     Lat.  14.  (,(,.  N. 

Boujjj,  a  town  of  Egypf,  on  the  Nile,  at 
tlie  mouth  of  the  canal  ot  Fayoum,  fuppofed 
to  have  been  anciently  called  Ptoletnais.  12 
miles  N.  Benifuef. 

Boujha,  a  town  of  Tunis,  anciently  called 
Tiirza.  Here  are  fome  Roman  infcriptions. 
18  miles  S\y.  Tunis- 

BouJJhc,  a  town  cf  France,  and  principal 
place  t/f  a  diftriift,  in  the  department  of  the 
Creufe.  18  m,  NE.  Gueret,  15  N  W.  Evaux. 
Long.  2.  17.  E.     Lat.  46.  21.  N. 

Bouj]'a?2ges,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment cf  the  Herault.    18  m.  N.  Beziers. 
Boujfay  far  Sevre,  a  town  of  France,  in 
.the  department  of  the  Lower  Loire.     15 
miles  SE.  Nantes. 

Borif'J:,  Channel  m  la.,  a  pailage  from  the 
lea  of  Jcilb  to  tlie  Great  Pacific  Ocean,  be- 
tween the  Company's  Ifland,  and  the  ifland 
of  Mankan;  io  called  by  Monf.  Peroufe, 
from  the  name  of  his  vefTcl. 

Bonta,   a  town  of  PrulTia,  in  Pomerelia. 
ao  miles  S.  Dantzick. 
Bontati,  fee  Bootaii. 

Boutkouja,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ghilan.     120  miles  NNW.  Refhd. 
B'iitfilUr:e,  [La,)  a  town  of  Canada,   on 
the  right  bank  of  the  St.  Laurence.     Lo7ig. 
6).  50.  W.     Lat.  47.  22.  N. 

Boutto'i,  or  Ihittof!,  one  of  the  Molucca 
iflands,  in  the  Eaft-Indian  fea,  near  the  fouth- 
e.id  coalt  ut  the  illand  of  Celebes.  It  is  go- 
VL.T.ed  by  a  king,  in  alliance  with  the  Dutch, 
u:)o  pay  him  a:i  ;:nnual  fun  of  ijo  n.\- 


dollars,  on  condition  that  he  (hould  not  only 
permit  the  extirpation  of  all  the  clove-trees 
in  this  and  the  neigbouring  iflands,  but  aifo 
affill  inefFeftingit.  Lof7g. 122-^'  Lat.  ^.G.S, 
Bouto7ine,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Charente,  6  miles  E.  Rochefort,  it 
pafTes  by  St.  Jean  d'Angely,  and  is  navi- 
vable  to  that  town. 

Boutra,  or  Boutroic,  a  town  of  Africa,  oa 
the  Gold  coaft,  where  the  Dutch  have  a  fort. 
45  miles  WSW.  Cape-Coafl-Caflle. 

Bouverct,  a  town  of  SwiiTerland,  in  the 
Valais.     12  miles  NV/.  St.  Maurice. 

Bouv!g>i£s,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Sambre  and  Meufe,  fituated 
on  the  Meufe.  It  was  furroundecl  with  a 
wall  in  1 173,  and  in  the  year  1213  it  obtained 
the  privileges  of  a  city  from  Jolande,  com- 
telfe  of  Namur.  In  the  year  1214,  a  battle 
was  fought  here  between  the  Emperor  Otho, 
and  Philip  king  of  France,  in  which  the 
imperialifts  were  defeated.  Ferdinand  prince 
of  Portugal,  who  fided  with  the  Emperor, 
was  taken  prilbner,  and  remained  a  long 
time  in  France.  In  1554,  it  was  taken  by 
the  French  under  King  Henry  II.  who  made 
a  great  flaughter  of  the  inhabitants.  It  had 
formerly  a  itrongcaftle,  which  was  dcftroyed 
in  the  wars.  NearBouvignes  are  the  remains 
of  an  ancient  city,  called  Chivrernofil,  once 
a  ftrong  place,  whofe  inhabitants  made  them- 
felvcs  remarkable  by  their  robberies,  and  de- 
fe"nded  themlelves  valiantly  againll:  Charles 
the  Simple  in  922,  againfl  king  Otho  in  939, 
and  againft  Bruno  archbifhop  of  Cologne,  in 
960.  At  length  the  city  was  taken  and  de- 
itroyed,  in  the  year  992,  by  Notget  bifliop 
of  Liege.     12  miles  S.  Namur. 

Botivillers,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Meurte.    3  m.  N.  Luneville. 

Bouviiies,  or  Pcjit-a-B olivines,  a  village 
of  France,  in  the  department  of  the  Nordi, 
where  Philip  Auguftus  obtained  a  vidtory 
over  the  Emperor  Otho,  in  12 14.  9  miles 
SE.  Lille. 

BouKieres-aiix-DameSi  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Meurte.  3  miles 
N.  Nancy. 

Bouxivilkr,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment 'of  the  Lower  Rhine.  12  miles 
W.  Ilaguenau,  18  NW.  Strafourg. 

Bouzadgeh,  a  tov/n  of  Aiiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natoha.    "38  miles  NE.  Ikniid. 

Boiizanne,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Creufe,  about  3  miles  NW.  Argen- 
ton,  in  the  depaitment  of  the  Indre. 

Bonjdaghi,  a  mountain  of  Natolia.  30 
miles  E.  Smyrna. 

Bouzdogsn,  a  town  of  Adatic  Turkey,  in 
Nalolia.  '24  miles  NW.  Mogla. 

Bouze,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cote  d'Or.    3  m.  NW.  Btaune. 

Boiizik,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Ca 
ruijunia.    3  s  miles  EN£.  Kir-liiehr. 


BOW 


BOW 


B'jiozilU',  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  3  miles 
SE.  Ancer.is. 

Bsziis,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Vendee.     5  miles  S.  Montaigu. 

Bouzkir,  a  town  of  Aiiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.     30  miles  SSE.  Bei-fhehri. 

Bouzok,  a  town  of  Aiiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Sivas.   ao  m.  SW.Tichurum. 

Bouz-Js,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Upper  Loire.  3  ra.  S.  Puy-en-Velay. 

Bouzoiiviile,  a  town  of  France,  and  feat 
of  a  tribunal,  in  the  department  of  the  Mo- 
felle,  (ituatedon  theNied,  anancientlordfhip 
of  thebilhop  of  Metz.  15  miles  E  Thion- 
ville,  7  WSW.  Sar  Libre.  Long.  6.  37.  E. 
Lat.  49.  18.  N. 

Boxv,  or  Stratford-Ie-Bo'w,  a  village  of 
Middlciex,  on  the  river  Lea.  3  miles  E. 
London. 

Boiv,  an  iflandof  Iteland,  in  Lough  Erne, 
in  the  countv  of  Fermanagh.  15  miles 
WNW.  Enniflcillen. 

Bonv  IjJand,  an  ifland  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean,  about  30  miles  in  circumference, 
xiifcovered  by  Captain  Cook,  in  the  year 
1769.  It  is  a  low  ifland,  and  Ihaped  ex- 
actly like  a  bow;  the  arch  and  cord  of 
which  were  land,  and  the  fpace  between 
them  water;  the  cord  was  a  flat  beach, 
without  any  (igns  of  vegetation,  having  no- 
thing upon  it  but  heaps  of  fea-weed,  which 
lay  in  different  ridges,  as  higher  or  lower 
tides  had  left  them.  It  appeared  to  be  about 
three  or  four  leagues  long,  and  not  more 
than  two  hundred  yards  wide;  but  as  a 
horizontal  plain  is  always  feen  in  perfpedtive 
and  greatly  fore-fliortened,  it  is  certainly 
much  wider  than  it  appeared:  the  horns  or 
extremities  of  the  bow,  were  two  large 
tufts  of  cocoa-nut  trees:  and  much  the 
greater  part  of  the  arch  was  covered  with 
trees  of  different  height,  figure,  and  hue ; 
in  fome  parts  however  it  was  naked  and  low 
like  the  cord:  fome  on  board  thought  they 
difcovered  openings  through  the  cord  into 
the  pool  or  lake,  that  was  included  between 
that  and  the  bow;  but  whether  they  were  or 
were  not  fuch  openings  is  uncertain.  Cap- 
tain Cook  failed  abreafl  of  the  low  beach, 
or  bow  firing,  within  lefs  than  a  league  of 
the  fhore,  till  funfet,  thinking  himfelf  to  be 
about  hall-way  between  the  two  horns ; 
here  he  brought  to,  and  founded  but  found 
no  bottom  with  130  fathom.  This  ifland 
was  known  to  be  inhabited  by  fmoke  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  it.  Mr.  Gore,  fecond  lieu- 
tenant, faid,  that  he  had  feen  feveral  of  tiic 
natives  under  the  firfl  clump  of  trees,  from 
the  deck;  that  he  had  diftinguiilied  their 
houfes,  and  feen  leveral  canoes  hauled  up  un- 
de)-  tile  ihade ;  butin  this  he  was  more  fortunate 
than  any  other  pcrfon  on  board.  Long. 
141. 12.  W.    Zrf/.  18.  23.  S. 


Bo-vj-Bell,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Spahjlh 
Main,  near  the Mofciuito  Shore.  Long.Z%.  s* 
W-  Lat.  14.52.  N.^ 

Bonxiah,  a  town  of  Hindcoftan,  in  Oude. 
40  miles  NNE.  Gooracpoor. 

Bonvampour,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  tlic 
province  of  Bettooriah.  25  miles  ENE. 
Nattore. 

Boivamgtvjge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  ia 
Bengal.    13  miles  NW.  Nattore. 

Bon.vaJ!y,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  ijurdwan.  36  miles  S.  Burdwan. 
Z-5;/^.  88.  6.  E.  Lat.  22.  40,  N. 

Bo-ivatiygunge,  a  town  of  Bootan.  14 
miles  N.  Beyhar. 

Bo-vjdJtypour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal,  ao  miles  SW.  Purneah.  Long. 
87.  18.  E.  Lat.  25.  37.  N. 

Bonnara,  a  fort  of  Hindooflan,  in  Bahar. 

13  miles  NE.  Durbungah.  Long.  86.  15.  E. 
Lat.  26.  18.  N. 

Bonvchagotjg,  a.  town  of  Pegu,  on  a 
branch  of  the  AA^a.     60  m.  SSW.  Lundfey. 

Boivlee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Alla- 
habad.    45  miles  ENE.  Gazypour. 

Bonxjat,  or  Vintane.,  a  town  of  the  ifland 
of  Ceylon.  16  miles  N.  Candy.  Long.  80. 
47.  E.'  Lat.T-sd-  N. 

Bo^xe,  or  Nymet.,  a  town  of  England,  in 
the  countv  of  Devon,  with  a  weekly  market 
on  Thurfcfays.  7  miles  W.  Crediton,  i83 
VV. London. 

Bonver,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
30  miles  S.  Nidjibabad. 

Boiver,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Caithnefs. 
7  miles  NW.  Wick. 

Bonves,  a  town  of  England,  in  that  part 
of  the  county  of  York  called  Richmondlliire, 
with  a  weekly  market  on  Fridays,  and  670 
inhabitants.  13  miles  NW.  Richmond,  245 
N.  London. 

Boivthig,  a  townfliip  of  England,  in  the 
Weft  Riding  of  Yorkihire  near  Bradford, 
with  3055  inhabitants. 

Bo'vAy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Berar» 
25  miles  V/.  Chantla. 

Bonximore,  a  town  of  Hindooftan  in  Mai wa. 
7  miles  NW.  Runnode. 

Boiu?ies,  a  town  of  England  In  Weft- 
moreland,  on  the  eafl  fide  of  Winander- 
Meer.     8  miles  W.  Kendal. 

Bonvnefs,  or  Bullnefs,  a  village  of  Eng- 
land, in  Northumberland,  fituated  on  a 
Rock  near  the  Solway  Firth,  fuppofed  by 
foine  to  have  been  a  Roman  ftation,  called 
Tunnocelum,  by  others  Blatum  Bulgium. 
16  m.  W.  Carlifle.  Long.  3.23.  W.  Lat.  54. 
59.  N. 

Bonunefs,  fee  Borroivjionnefs . 

Boivr,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 

14  miles  NW.  Durbunga.     Lon.g.  80.  ao. 
E.  Lat.  26.  14-  N. 

Bo^jjrajia,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Maiwa.    a  I  miles  E.  Seronge. 


Boy 


BRA 


Bonvriy  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  t!ie  province 
of  Birboom.    50  miles  WNW,  Nagore. 

Bonvryt  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar, 
50  miles  S.  Bahar. 

Boiurya,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
Tince  of  Hindooa.     4  miles  NE.  Noony. 

Boivfar,  a  town  of  Bengal.  28  miles  S. 
Curruckpour. 

Box,  a  village  of  England,  in  Wiltfliire, 
with  1165  inhabitants;  near  it  is  a  medicinal 
fpring.     6  miles  E.  Bath. 

Boxah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Roliil- 
cund.     18  miles  from  Budayoon. 

Boxhcrg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 

of  the  Lower  Rhine.     ^4  '■"•  E.  Heidelberg. 

Boxel,  or  Boxthal,  a  town   of  Germany, 

in  the  principality  of  Wertheim.    4  miles 

Vv'SW.  Wertheim. 

Boxkooren,  or  Box')  Qmen-,  a  fmall  ifland 
in  the  Chinef^  Sea,  near  the  coaft  of  Co- 
chinchina.  Z/CW^.  108.51.  E.  Laf.  14.  10,  N. 
Boxjueer,  a  town  v.ith  a  confiderable  (ig- 
riory,  fituated  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  Meule, 
near  the  dutchy  of  Guclders.  In  the  year 
1367,  Pierre  de  Culemburg  enjoyed  this 
lordfliipas  a  freehold;  but  the  following  year 
he  gave  it  to  the  duke  of  Brabant,  from 
vhom  he  held  it  as  a  lief.  It  afterwards 
pafled  to  the  comte  of  Heerenbergh,  the  Lift 
of  whom,  Ofwald  comtc  of  Berg,  Sec.  dy- 
ing without  ifTue,  left  his  eftates  to  Francois 
Aiitoine,  prince  of  Hohenzollern,  and  comte 
of  Sigmarirgen,  the  grandfon  of  his  (ifter, 
who  had  cfpoufed  a  prince  of  that  family. 
»4  miles  E.  Bois-le-Duc,  12  SSW.  Cleves. 
Boxtchndc,  fee  Buxtehiuie. 
Boxtsl,  a  town  of  Brabant,  fituated  on 
theDommel,  and  furnifhed  with  fluices.  The 
Rritiih  and  Dutch  troops,  under  the  com- 
mand of  the  Duke  of  York,  were  attacked 
by  the  French  at  this  place,  on  the  14th  of 
Auguft  1794,  and  defeated  with  confiderable 
]ois.  7'he  French  account  ftates  2000  pri- 
foners,  and  eight  pieces  of  cannon.  The 
duke  of  York's  account  mentions  ninety-one 
Britifli  in  the  whole,  killed,  wounded,  and 
mi/ling.    5  miles  S.  Bois-le  Due. 

Boyds  Creek,  a  river,  of  Weft-Florida, 
which  runs  into  the  MiiTifTippi.  Lo?ig.  <)i. 
25.  W.  I.at.  -,1.50.  N. 

Boykuiipour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.     50  miles  WNW.  Beyhar. 

Boyle,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Rofcommon,  n<arLou;j,hKey.  The  linen 
inanufciiMurc  flouriihe^in  the  neighbourhood. 
In  i22f,  it  was  taken  by  the  Englifli,  com- 
manded by  Lord  Juiiice  Maurice,  and  Mac 
William,  wlun  a  Cifterti;in  iibbey  was  rob'  ed 
ot  all  its  goods,  veftmcnts,  chalices,  &c.  Be- 
fore 1 1  le  un  ion,  it  fent  members  to  the  Irifh  par- 
liament. J  8  m.S.  Siigo, 23. NNW. Longford. 
Boynd'se-IIvad,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on  the 
coaft  of  Bamffflnve.  Long.  %.  34.  \\ .  Lat, 
7.  39-  N. 


Boyne,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  rifes  in 
the  north  part  of  the  county  of  Kildare, 
croiTes  the  county  of  Meath,  and  runs  into 
the  Irifh  Sea,  four  miles  below  Drogheda. 
Celebrated  foravidoryobtainedbythe  prince 
of  Orange,  afterwards  William  III.  over 
James  II.  in  the  year  1690,  which  decided 
the  fate  of  that  unfortunate  monarch. 

Boyne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loiret.  6  miles  SE.  Pithivers, 
31  NE.  Orleans. 

Boyne  I /lands,  or  iPiands  of Betiodet,  a  cluf^ 
ter  of  fmall  iflands  and  rocks  near  the  coaft  of 
Kerguelen's  Land.  Long.  68.  47.  E.  Laf. 
49.  49-  S. 

Boy  rah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  ;,^  miles  E. 
Calcutta. 

Boyra,  a  town  of  Bengal.  30  miles  SE. 
Kiihenagur. 

Boyfee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Berar, 
30  miles  S  Nagpour. 
Boyfola,  fee  Betygola. 
Boytzenhiirg,  fee  Borfzenhurg. 
Boza,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  near  the  weft 
coaft.     13  miles S.Alghieri.  Z,?/;^.  8.35.E. 
Lat.  40. 17.  N. 

Bozingur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bar- 
ramaul.     26  miles  N.Darempoury. 

Bozouls,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aveiron.  10  miles  NE.  Rhodez. 
Bezoivka,  a  town  of  Rullian  Poland,  in 
the  palatinate  of  Braclaw.    42  miles  ENE. 
Braclaw. 

Bozzdo,  a  town  and  fmall  principality  of 
Italy,  formerly  belonging  to  the  dutchy  of 
Mantua,  from  which  it  was  feparated.  The 
town  was  fortified  in  1734'  15  rniles  W. 
Mantua,  20  E.  Cremona.  Long.  10.  30.  E. 
Lat.  45.  6.N. 

Bra,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Tanarn,  with  three  parifh  churches. 
10  iniles  SE.  Carmagnola,  2  NW.  Cherafco. 
Long.  7.  53. E.     Lat.  44.  43.  N. 

Braan,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  runs 
into  the  Tay,  near  Dunkeld,  in  the  county 
of  Perth. 

Brabancon,3.  town,  with  the  title  of  prin- 
cipality, in  the  county  of  Hainaut.  iz  miles 
E.  Macbeuge. 

' Brabant,  (Dutchy  of  ,)  late  one  of  the  pro- 
vinces of  the  Catholic  Netherlands,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Holland  and  Guelderland, 
on  the  eaft  by  Guelderland  andthebifhopric 
of  Liege,  on  the  fouth  by  Namur  and  Hai- 
naut, and  on  the  v^'eft  by  Flanders  and  Zea- 
land. It  is  about  140  miles  in  circumference, 
and  contains  twenty-fix  walled  towns,  bc- 
fides  others  of  lefs  confequencc.  It  was  firft 
ereded  into  a  dutchy  in  the  feventh  cen- 
tury. It  was  divided  into  four  quarters,  viz. 
the  quarter  of  Louvain,  which  contains  the 
towns  of  Tirlcmont,  Lceuw,  Arfchot,  Dieft, 
Gemblours,  Judoigne,  Hannuye,  Haclen, 
Landcn,  afldSichem;  thequ«ter  of  Bruil'els, 


BRA 

U-liich  contains  Nivello  and  Vilvorde;  the 
quarter  of  Antwerp,  which  contains  Liere, 
Herentals,  Breda,  Berg-op-Zoom,and  Stecn- 
berghen;  and  the  quarter  of  Bois-le-Duc, 
which  contains  Grave,  Hehnont,  Eyndho- 
ven,  Ravcrtein,  and  Mcghem.  Brabant  was 
one  of  the  firll  places  where  the  French 
nbode  after  the  p.iflage  of  the  Rhine.  The 
dukes  of  Brabant  became  kings  of  France; 
it  pafled  to  the  dukes  of  Burgundy,  then  to 
the  kings  of  Spain,  and  from  them  to  the 
emperors  of  Germany.  The  quarter  of 
Bois-le-Duc,  and  a  confiderable  part  of  the 
quarter  of  Antwerp,  had  been  taken  from  the 
Spaniards  by  the  States  of  Holland,  and  was 
called  Dutch  Brabant.  A  fmall  part  towards 
the  fouih  was  known  by  the  name  of  Wal- 
loon Brabant;  Louvain  was  the  principal 
city,  but  the  court  generally  refided  at 
BrufTcls.  All  that  part  of  Brabant  which 
heretofore  belonged  to  Aullria  has  been 
ceded  to  France,  by  the  treaties  of  Campo- 
Formio  and  Luneville,  and  is  divided  into 
t\vo  departments ;  viz.  that  of  the  Dyle,  and 
of  the  two  Nethes.  Dutch  Brabant  forms 
an  eighth  flate  of  Holland. 

Breiborgy  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Eaft- 
Gothland.     24  miles  E.  Nordkioping. 

Brncadiik,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Skye, 
in  a  bay  called  Loch  Bracadale,  on  the  well 
coaft.    Long.  6.  a.?.  W.     Lat.  57.  22.  N. 

Brackherg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
marggravate  of  Anfpach.  3  miles  WNW. 
Heilfbron. 

Bracaniorcs,  fee  jfacn. 

Bracciano,  a  dutchy  of  the  Popedom,  in 
the  patrimony  of  St.  Peter,  lying  round  the 
Jake  of  Bracciano;  the  principal  places  are 
Bracciano,  Palo,  and  Anguillara. 

Bracciano,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  and 
capital  of  a  dutchy  in  the  patrimony  of  St. 
Peter.  It  gives  name  to  a  lake,  and  near  it 
are  fome  medicinal  baths.  6  miles  from  the 
Mediterranean.  15  miles  NVV.  Rome.  jLo«^. 
la.  15.  E.  Lat.  42.  5.  N. 
_  Braccigliano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Prin- 
cipatro  Citra.     7  miles  NNW.  Salerno. 

Brachin  Creek,  a  river  of  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio,  Long.  84.  8.  W.  Lat. 
38.  36.  N. 

Bracieuxy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Loire  and  Cher.  9  miles 
NE.  Blois. 

Bracke,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  county 
of  Oldenburg.     18  miles  NNE.  Oldenburg. 

Brackc,  or  Brake,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  county  of  Lippe.     i  mile  SE.  Lemgow. 

Bracket,  fee  Brakcl. 

Brackcnheim,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg.  5 
miles  SE.  Heilbron,  i8  N.  Stutgart. 

Brackentvitz,  a  town  in  the  MiddleMark 
of  Brandenburg.    3  miles  S.  Treucnbrietzen. 

Brackley,   a  town  of  England,    in    the 
■county  of  Northamptofi,  en  the  borders  of 
Vol.  I. 


BRA 

BuckingharnHHre,  fituated  near  the  fource  of 
the  river  Oufe,  with  a  weekly  market  on 
Wednefdays.  Brackley  was  a  confiderable 
town  in  the  time  of  the  Saxons,  until  it  was 
ruined  by  the  Danes.  After  t!ic  Conqucft  it 
rofe  again,  and  in  the  reign  of  Edward  II. 
was  made  a  iLiple  for  wool,  and  incorpora- 
ted. In  the  reign  of  Edward  VJ.  it  was 
created  a  borough,  fince  which  it  has  fent 
members  to  parliament.  Here  was  an  hof- 
pital  with  a  college,  founded  by  Lord  Lovel. 
In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  1420, 
of  whom  520  were  employed  in  trade  and 
manufkaures.  \t,  miles  SSW.  Northampton, 
67  NNW.  London.  Lcng.  1. 10.  W.  Lat^ 
S%'  J.N. 

Brackmeer,  a  lake  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Cumberland.  4  miles  S.  Kefwick. 

Brackjlar,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  weft  fide 
of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.i-].2.'E.  Lat. 
61.  38.  N. 

Brackivcde,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Ravenfberg.  4  miles  SE.  Bielefield. 

Braclaiv,  a  town  of  Ruffian  Poland,  and 
capital  of  a  palatinate  of  the  fame  name,  firu- 
atcd  on  the  Bog.  It  was  taken  by  the  Turks 
in  the  year  1572,  but  retaken  three  years 
after,  ico  miles  E.  Kaminiek,  112  NW. 
Bender.     Long.  28.  S5'  E.    Lat.  48.  50.  N. 

Bradfidd,  a  town  of  England,  in  ElL'X, 
with  a  weekly  market  on  Thurfdays.  li 
miles  E.  Colchefter,  63  E.  London. 

Bradficld,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  weft 
riding  of  Yorkfhire.  In  i8ci,  it  contained 
410a  inhabitants,  of  whom  721  were  em- 
ployed in  manufadlures.  4  miles  W.  Shef- 
field.    - 

Bradfield  Canal,  an  inlet  on  the  v;eft  co'aft 
of  North-America,  branching  off  to  the 
north-eaft  of  Prince  Erneft's  Sound. 

Bradford,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Wilts,  celebrated  for  the  man  u- 
fadure  of  fuperfine  broad  cloth,  fituated  on 
the  river  Avon.  It  has  two  markets  in  a 
week,  Mondays  and  Saturdays.  In  1801, 
it  contained  7302  inhabitants,  of  whom464y 
weie  employed  in  trade  and  manufadures. 
7  miles  SE.Bath,  100  W.London.  Long. 
a.  17.  W.    Lat.  ^1.  2o.1^. 

Bradford,  a  town  of  Maffachufets,  on  tlic 
Merrimack.     28  miles  N.  Bolfon. 

Bradford,  ox  Bradforth,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  weft  riding  of  Yorkfhire,  fituated 
on  a  riling  ground,  in  which  good  flone  fijr 
building  is  dug.  There  are  manufadures  of 
worfted  Ifufi's,  fhailoons,  calimancocs,  &c. 
and  fonie  iron  founderies.  Coals  and  iion 
ore  are  found  near  the  town,  and  a  canal  is 
made  to  join  the  grand  one  from  Leeds  to 
Liverpool.  The  market  is  on  Tuefday.  In 
1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  6393,  of 
whom  1 290  were  employed  in  manufactures. 
10  miles  W.  Leeds,  201  NNW.  London. 

Brading,  a  town  on  ^he  ei»ll  cuitlt  of  the 


BRA 

Iflc  of  Wight,  with  a  haven,  which  at  high 
tides  is  capable  of  receiving  veflels  of  400 
tons,  but  at  lov/  water  is  dry.  It  is  a  corpo- 
ration town,  and  has  a  market  on  Monday. 
Bradley,  a  town  of  Virginia.  24  miles 
WNVV.  Frcderickfburg. 

Bradley,  (North)  a  townfhip  of  England, 
in  Wiltfliire,  with  rather  more  than  900  in- 
habitants, chiefly  employed  in  the  clothing 
nianufaaure.     3  miles  S.  Trowbridge. 

Bradley's  Shoals,  fandy  ihoals  in  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  difcoveredby  Capt.  Hunter,  in 
1791.     l^oiig.  161.  6.  E.     Lat.  6.  52.  S. 

Bradnich,   a  town   of  England,    in    the 
county  of  Devon,  with  a  weekly  market  on 
Thurfdays.    In  1801,  the  number  ot  inhabi- 
tants was  1 187,  of  v/hom  648  were  employed 
11-;  trade   and   manufaftures.     8  miles  NE. 
Exeter,  170  W.  London. 
■    Bradore,  a  harbour  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Labrador.  Zsw^-. 57- i5-W.  Lat. sr-:,o.^. 
Braeviar,  a  mountainous  diftricf  of  Scot- 
■  land,  in  the  SW.  part  of  Aberdeenfliire. 
Braga,  a  citv  of  Portugal,  and  capital  of 
the  province  of  Entro  Ducro-e-Minho,  iitu- 
ated  on  the  river  Cavedo.     The  fee  of  an 
arclibilhop,  primate  of  Portugal.     The  arch- 
bilhop  is  lord  of  Braga,  and  judge  both  of 
civil  and  criminal  matters;  onlyfor  the  latter 
an  appeal  may  be  carried  to  Lifbon.     It 
contains  four  churches,  belides  the  cathe- 
dral, eight  convents,  a  ieminary,  and  about 
1 3,000 "inhabitants.    This  city  is  faid  to  have 
been  built   by  the  Bracares,  ancient  inhabi- 
tants of  the   country;  and  by  the  Romans 
was    called   Bracara-Augufta,    or    Biacar- 
Augulla.   It  was  one  of  the  principal  cities  in 
Spain,   and  the  capital   of  a  government. 
When  the  Suevi  invaded  Galicia  and  Por- 
tugal,  Braga  became  the  capital  of  their 
kingdom,   and  fo  continued  for  170  years, 
when  it  v/as  taken   by  the  Goths,   and  pre- 
served the  fame  dignity  under  them  about  as 
long.    A  council  was  held  here  in  563,  and 
another  in  772.    There  are  fome  ruins   of 
an  amphitheatre,   and    an  aquedud.     The 
dioccle   mcludes    1200  parilhes,    and  150 
.convents.     27  miles   NNE.  Porto,   80  N. 
Coinibra.     /-^w^-.  8.5.  W.    Z/7/.  41.  33.  N. 
Braganca,  (anciently57-(7y-.'7;;//«w,)acity 
of  Portugal,   in   the   province   of  Tra  los 
Monies,  fituatcd  on  the  river  Fervanca.     It 
was  built  by  Auguftus,  contains  four  con- 
vents, two  hofpit;ils,   and  2,700  inhabitants. 
The  walls  are  dcilroyed    hv  age,   and  the 
Spaniards.     Here  are   manutadlures  of  iilk 
Itufl's,  velvets,  and  grognini.     In  1762,  Bra- 
g.mtja  was  t;iken  by  the  Spaniards.    30  miles 
iS'W.  Miranda  dc  Duero,  60  NE.  Lamego. 
Long.  6.  25.  W.     Lat.  41.  44.  N. 
Uranga7}ca  Nova,  fee  Aveiro. 
Bragio,  a  town  of  Swiil'crland,  in  the  Gii- 
luns.     13  miles  NNE.  Bc'linzona. 
Lnt^nasy  a  foaport  town  of  Norway,  on 


BRA 

the  left  bank  of  the  Dammen,  with  a  conli- 
derable  trade  in  planks,  beams,  and  iron.  20 
m.  SW.  Chriftiania.  Lotig.  10.  17.  E.   L^at. 

59-  45-  ^'-        .  r         ■       ■ 

Bragos,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
which  runs  into  the  Segra,  18  miles  NE. 
Balaguer. 

Braguz,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Tyrol.     27  miles  W.  Trent. 

Brahelbiiia,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the 
province  oi  Savolax. 

Brahejlad,  a  feaport  town  of  Sweden,  in 
the  province  of  Eaft  Bothnia,  and  govern- 
ment of  Ulea,  with  a  convenient  harbour,  on 
the  eall  fide  of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  It  was 
built  by  Count  Pehr  Brahe,  from  whom  it 
received  its  name.  33  miles  SSW.  Ulea. 
Long.  24.  25.  E.     Lat.  64.  41.  N. 

Brahilonsj,  or  Braila,  or  Ibrailt,  a  town 
of  Walachia,  on  the  Danube,  on  the  confines 
of  Moldavia,  at  one  time  the  fee  of  a  biflrop. 
It  has  a  citadel,  with  a  garrifon.  In  171 1,  it 
was  burnt  by  the  Ruflians.  130  miles  SSW. 
Bender.  Long.  28.  16.  E.  Lat.  45. 16.  N. 
Brahtn,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Minflc.     48  miles  E.  Mozyr. 

Brahi)!,  a  river  of  Holftcin,  which  runs 
into  the  Stoer,  7  miles  N.  Bramllede. 

Braid,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs  into 
the  M;iin,  about  a  mile  WSW.  Ballymenagh, 
in  the  county  of  Antrim. 

Braidalbane,  fee  Breadalhane. 
Brailoiv,  a  town  of  Poland,   in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Braclaw.    15  miles  SW.  Winnicze. 
Br  able  fur  Allonne,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.     6 
miles  NE.  Saumur. 

Braine,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aine,  fituated  on  a  beautiful 
plain,  on  the  river  Vefle.  9  miles  E.  Soiflbns. 
Braine  Alien,  or  Branieil  Allien,  a  town 
of  France,  in  the  department  of  Jemappe. 
10  miles  ENE.  Braine  le  Comte. 

Braine  le  Co7Hte,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Jemappe.  It  formerly  be- 
longed to  the  county  of  Hainaut,  and  was 
ceded  with  its  fcigniory,  wh'ch  extends  over 
eleven  villages,  to  the  houfe  of  Aremberg,  in 
exchange  for  the  territory  of  Scvenbcrgen. 
It  had  formerly  a  fortrefs,  where  the  parilli 
church  now  ftands  ;  and  oppofite  to  it  a 
tower,  faid  to  have  been  built  by  Brennus,  a 
general  of  the  Galli  Senones,  from  whom 
the  town  is  alfo  faid  to  have  derived 'its 
name.  The  tower  was  blown  uj?  by  the 
Spaniards  in  the  year  1677.  16  miles  SSW. 
.  Bruflels,  15  NNF).  Mons.  '  Long.  4.  13.  E. 
Lat.  50.  25.  N- 

Braintrec,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
countvof  Ellex,  chiefly  noted  for  themanu- 
fadure  of  baize,  with  a  weekly  market  on 
Wcdneldays,  and  2821  inh.abitants.  iz 
miles  NE.  Chelmsford,  40  NJI'-.  London. 
Brai/itree,  a  town  of  tJie  United  States  of 


BRA 


BRA 


America,  on  the  coaft  of  Maflachufetts,  at  the 
bottom  or  a  (liallow  bay. 

Brtut,  A/ark  Braif,  or  Ufjfer  Braii,  a 
town  of  Germany,  in  the  county  of  Schwar- 
zenberg,  on  the  Mavne.  iz  miles  SSW. 
Vv'urxburg,  36  SW.  Bamberg.  Long.  10. 
II.  E.  I.at.  49.  43.  N. 

Braitiibntg,  a  town  of  Auftria.  s'miles 
N.  Stevrt'g[>;. 

Brahl,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  thebifhop- 
ric  of  I'adcrbiirn,  formerly  imperial.  3  m.  E. 
Paderbnrn.  Long.  9.10.  E.  Lat.  51.  4a.  N. 

Brake/icff,  a  cape  on  the  weft  ccafi:  of 
Pomona,  the  chief  of  the  Orkneys.  Long. 
3.  ic.  W.  Lett.  58.  40.  N. 

Bi-aksLi,  a  town  ol  S.veden,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Kuopio.     65  miles  SE.  Kuopio. 

Br  alia,  a  town  on  the  fou:  h  coall  of  the 
iHand  of  Curzola.     Z^?/".  43.  21.  N. 

Braliii,  a  town  of  Silelia,  in  the  lordfiiip 
of  Wartenberg.  8  miles  E.  Wartenberg,  32 
NNE.Brieg.  7,^;.'^.  17.55. E.  I^at.sT-.io-'^. 

Bralio,  fee  Braiilio. 

Brain,  a  river  of  Holftein,  which  runs  into 
the  Stocr,  10  miles  above  Itzehoa. 

Bratiu'.bad,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in 
Oude.     7  miles  W.  Canouge. 

Braniant,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mont  Blanc.  21  miles  S.  St. 
Jean  de  Maurienne. 

Brama,  fee  Bnrviah. 

Bravias,  a  country  of  Africa,  north  of 
Loango,  and  100  miles  from  the  Atlantic. 

Bramhacb,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Vogtland.     13  miles  SSE.  Oelnitz. 

Braviber,  a  fmall  borough  town  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  of  Sufl'ex,  fituated  on  the 
river  Adur;  it  returns  two  membcis  to  par- 
liament. I  mile  SE.  Steyning,  51  S.  London. 

Bravihlc,  a  rock  and  flioal  near  the  coaft 
of  Hampihire,  a  little  below  Southampton 
water.     Long.  19.  W.  Lat.i,o.  47.  N. 

BravihciUy  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  York.  In  th:  year  1408,  a  battle 
was  fought  near  this  place  between  a  party 
of  the  royal  troops  under  Sir  Thomas  Roke- 
by,  flieriff  of  Yorkfliire,  and  the  Earl  of 
Nort!iumberland,  in  which  the  latter  was  de- 
feated.    4  miles  S.  Wetherbv. 

Brani'uiahad,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  and 
once  the  capital  of  the  province  of  Tatta. 
It  is  laid  to  have  been  once  defended  by  1400 
ballions;  but  it  is  now  a  heap  of  ruins.  3 
miles  SW.  Tatta. 

Bramnee,  a  river  of  Hindooflan,  which 
runs  into  the  bay  of  Bengal,  40  m.S.  Balafore. 

Bia?>;on,  a  fmall  iiland  on  the  weft  lide  of 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.i-j.  28.  E.  Lat. 
Ci.  12.  N. 

Braviponr,  fee  Bnrkaiiipoiir. 

Branipt'jn,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Cumberland,  on  tlie  river  Ivting, 
with  a  weekly  market  on  Tuefdays,  and 
\(iio  inhabitants.    Near  the  town  is  a  foitiii- 

Z  a 


cation,  on  a  hill,  with  a  ditch  and  moat. 
Camden  fuppofes  it  to  be  the  fit?  of  the  an- 
cient Bremcturacum,  and  the  ftation  of  the. 
firft  cohort  of  theTungri.  5  m.  N.  Carlifle. 

Brauipton,  a  townlhip  of  England,  in 
Derbyfiiire.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inha- 
bitants was  2rt7,  of  whom  954  were  em- 
ployed in  trade  and  manufaiStures.  4  miles 
NW.  Chelterfield. 

Bramfcbc,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifiiopric  of  Ofnabruk,  on  the  Hafe.  5  miles 
SW.  Vorden. 

Bra-iufchc,  a  tov^n  of  Germany,  in  tlie 
county  of  Lingen.     5  miles  SSE.  Lingen. 

Brawjledl,  or  Brah:uJ}cdt,  a  town  of  the 
dutchy  of  Holftein,  fituated  on  the  Bram. 
Near  it  is  a  medicinal  fpring.  21  miles  N. 
Hamburg,  38  W.  Lubeck. 

BravTjledt,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Bre- 
men.    1 7  miles  N.  Bremen. 

Brail,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  runs  into 
the  Tay,  near  Dunkeld. 

Branau,  or  Braunau,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
in  the  circle  of  Konigingratz,  with  a  manu- 
fai^ture  of  .coloured  cloth.  11  miles  NW. 
Glatz,  29  NE.  Konigingratz.  Long.  16. 10. 
E.    Lat.  50.  25. N. 

Branau,  fee  Braunan. 

Branca,  one  of  the  fmall  Cape  de  Verd 
iflands.  It  is  a  hugeftcep  rock,  about  two  or 
three  miles  long  ;  on  the  fouth  lide  is  a  place 
where  lilhing-boats  may  ride,  but  not  very 
fafely,  in  gulfs  of  wind.  Between  this  ifland 
and  St.  Lucia  are  fome  rocks  above  and  be- 
low water,  very  dangerous  to  thole  who  are 
not  acquainted  with  the  navigation.  3  miles 
S.  St.  Lucia. 

Brancak'one,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Cala- 
bria Ultra.     9  miles  SE.  Bova. 

Brancajler,  or  Braticejler,  a  river  of  Eng- 
land, in  Norfolk.  Here  is  a  rampart  inclo- 
fing  a  fquare  of  eight  acres,  called  the  Caffle,  ~ 
where  Roman  coins  are  often  found.  It  is 
fuppofed  to  have  been  anciently  called  Bran- 
iiodnniLVi,  v/here,  when  the'Saxons  firft  in- 
fefted  Britain,  the  Romans  placed  a  garrifon 
of  Dalmatian  horfe,  under  the  command  of 
the  Count  of  the  Saxon  iliore.  4  miles  W. 
Burnhara-Market. 

Brandon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partmerit  of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  4  miles 
W.  Tournus. 

Brancovani,  a  town  of  European  Tuikey, 
in  Walachia.  28  miles  N.  Nicopoli,  80  W. 
Bucharcft.     Long.  24-  E.  Lat.  44.  25.  N. 

Branco,  fee  Parhna. 

Brar.courf,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ailne.     10  n«les  W.  Laon. 

Branczycc,  7S.  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Novogrodek.  10  m.  N.  Sluck. 

Brand,  a  town  ot  Germany,  in  the  terri- 
tory of  Erzgeburg,  chiefly  inliabited  by  mi- 
ners.    3  miles  S.  Freyberg. 

Braitdaon,  a  town  in  the  ifliind  of  Java. 


BRA 

BraJtdano,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  gulf  of  Tarento,  lo  miles  S.  Cai- 
tellanetta. 

Brandarh,  or  Branderis,  a  town  of  the 
Rate  of  Friefland,  in  the  ifland  of  ScheUuig. 
In  1666,  this  place,  rich  and  flouriihing,  with 
a  population  of  1000  families,  was  pillaged 
and  hurned  by  the  Engliih,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Sir  Robert  Holmes. 

Brandau,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Oberland.  l6  ni.  ESE.  INIarienweder. 

Brandeh,  a  town  of  Bohemia^  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Kaurzim,  on  the  Elbe.  13  miles 
ENE.  Prague,  18  NW.  Kaurzim. 

Brandenburg,  a  fcaport  town  of  Pruflia, 
in  theprovinceof Natangen,near  the  Frifche- 
Haff,  inhabited  by  lifiiermen.  iz  miles  SW. 
Konigfberg.  Long.  20.16.  E.  Lat.^a,.  38. N. 
Brandenburg,  {the  Mark,  or  Marquijate 
of,)  a  country  of  Germany,  bounded  on  the 
north  by  Mecklenburg  and  Pomerania;  on 
the  eaft  by  Poland  and  Silelia ;  on  the  fouth 
by  Silefia,  Lufatia,  the  eleftorate  of  Saxony, 
principality  of  Anhalt,anddutchy  of  Mag- 
deburg; on  the  weft  by  Magdeburg  and 
Luneburg;  its  greateft  extent,  from  eaft  to 
weft,  is  about  200  miles,  and  from  north  to 
fouth  about  110.  The  country  is  almo'ft 
uniformly  level,  in  Ibme  places  fandy,  but 
by  good  culture  is  made  to  yield  wheat,  rye, 
barley,  and  oats,  in  abundance.  In  the  cir- 
cles of  Zauch  and  Teltow  the  inhabitants 
cultivate  millet  and  flax,  in  other  places  to- 
bacco and  woad  for  dying.  Large  trads  of 
walle  lands  have  been  cultivated,  lliperHuous 
and  unprofitable  woods  have  been  grubbed 
up,  and  deep  and  large  moralles  have  been 
drained  and  rendered  fertile.  The  woods 
here  are  of  great  importance,  as  they  furnifh 
the  inhabitants  not  only  with  fuel  for  domei- 
ric  ufes,  but  likcwife  for  dieir  glafs  and  iron 
houles,  charcoal,  tar,  and  wood  allies,  large 
quantities  of  timber  for  houle  and  fhlp-build- 
ing,  wliich  is  partly  exported  to  Hamburg, 
Holland,  France,  and  other  places;  and  bring 
into  this  country  yearly  large  iurns  of  money 
in  return.  Care  alfo  is  taken  to  keep  theie 
woods,  for  the  benefit  of  pofterity,  in  good 
"Condition :  but  its  moll  important  iiibliftence 
urifes  from  the  bixeding  of  cattle,  and  in 
particular  from  the  breed  of  (heep,  inas- 
much as  by  means  of  their  fine  wool  divers 
extcllcnt  woollen  manufadtures  iiave  been 
ellahlilhed  here.  For  the  improvement  alio 
of  their  breed  of  llieep.  King  Frederick  II. 
caufed  rams  to  be  imported  from  Spain  and 
England.  The  culture  likewife  of  filk  is 
carried  on  here  with  good  fuccefs,  and  is 
continually  increafing.  The  principal  mi- 
nerals in  the  Mark  are  a  good  clay  and  iinc 
porcelain  eardi,  together  with  alum,  filt- 
pctre,  amber,  and  iron  Hone.  The  princi- 
pal rivers  are  the  Elbe,  the  Oder,  the  Havel, 
rhe  Spree,  the  DofJe,  and  the  Warte.    The 


BRA 

navigation  of  thefe  have  been  aflilled  by  na- 
vigable canals,  which  have  much  increafed 
the  commerce,  and  enriched  the  inhabitants. 
The  whole  country  is  divided  into  Old  Mark,  . 
Vor-Mark,  or  Mark  of  Pregnitz,  Middle- 
Mark,  Ucker-Mark,&  Neil-Mark.  TheSem- 
nones  were  the  firft  known  inhabitants;  thefe 
were  fucceeded  by  the  Wends ;  who  being 
driven  out,  the  country  v/as  peopled  by  Sax- 
ons, Hollanders,  and  Flemings.  The  war 
of  thirty  years,  peftilence  and  famine,  which 
eniii^d,  having  almoft  laid  it  wafte,  French 
refugees,  Lorrainers,  Walloons,  Swifs,  Bohe- 
mians, and  Germans,  were  invited  to  people 
it  anew.  The  greateft  part  of  the  inhabi- 
tants are  Lutherans,  but  all  enjoy  a  liberty 
of  confcience,  and  a  free  exercii'e  of  dieir 
particular  religion.  Trade  and  manufac- 
tures Hourifli,  and  the  fciences  are  cultivated 
with  fuccefs.  Charlemagne  conquered  this 
country,  but  its  conquell  remained  not  with 
his  fuccelfors ;  the  people  foon  became  free, 
till  they  were  brought  under  the  govern- 
ment of  Otho  the  Great,  who  compelled 
them  to  pay  tribute,  and  become  Chriftians ; 
he  eftabliflied  biflrops  at  Brandenburg  and 
Havelburg,  but  neither  the  tribute  nor  reli- 
gion continued  long.  They  were  then  go- 
verned by  their  own  counts,  who  afterwards 
obtained  the  title  of  marggiave,  one  of  whom 
was  Albert  the  Bear,  Ion  of  Otho,  of  the 
Alcanian  line,  by  a  daughter  of  Magnus 
duke  of  Saxony.  Albert  extended  his  eftates, 
which  became  under  him  a  part  of  the  em- 
pire, and  took  his  title  of  marggrave  from 
Brandenburg  the  capital.  He  built  towns, 
cultivated  the  arts,  and  eftablilhed  the  Chrift- 
ian  religion.  His  fon,  Otho  I.  obtained  the 
dignity  of  an  eleftor  and  archchamberlain 
of  the  empire.  This  family  becoming  cx- 
tind  in  1320,  the  emperor,  Louis  of  Bavaria, 
conferred  the  elei^torate  on  hig^fon,  who  did 
not  prcliirve  it  long.  Charles  IV.  and  Wen- 
cefiaus  held  it  afterwards.  From  them  it 
paiTcd  to  the  marggrave  of  Moravia.  In 
the  year  14 15,  it  was  ceded  to  the  burggrave 
of  Nuremberg.  The  principalities  of  Culm- 
bach  and  Anipach  have  often  been  united, 
and  often  feparated.  Joachim  Frederic  efta- 
bliflied the  right  of  primo-geniture,  and  at- 
tached the  Mark  to  the  electorate  for  ever. 
In  the  year  1608,  his  Ion  inhciitcd  part  of 
the  dutcliy  of  Juliers  and  Cleves,  became 
duke  of  Pruflia,  and  embraced  the  Proteftant 
religion.  His  grandf'on,  the  grand  eleiUir, 
augmented  his  eftates,  and  rendered  Pruilia 
independent.  In  the  year  1701,  Pruilia  was 
ercdcd  into  a  kingdom,  and  the  niarquifate 
of  Brandenburg  became  an  inferior  title  to 
the  King  of  Pruflia. 

TI1C  Old  Mark  is  about  36  miles  from 
eaft  to  wefl,  and  15  from  north  to  fouth.  It 
contains  13  tov.'DS,  of  which  Stendul  is  the 
capital. 


BRA 

Tlie  Middle  Mark  was  formerly  very 
nurfliy,  but  being  now  drained,  the  foil, 
efpecially  near  tiie  Oder,  is  extremely  fer- 
tile. The  inhabitants  cultivate  millet,  mad- 
der, and  buck-wheat;  wine  too  is  made,  and 
filk-wornis  are  bred,  in  this  province ;  they 
have  manufafturcs  of  alum  and  vitriol,  and 
Ibme  medicinal  fprings.  They  reckon  54 
towns,  among  which  are  Berlin,  Branden- 
burg, and  Potzdam. 

The  Uchr  71f<7;-^meafures  about  50  miles 
in  length,  and  44  in  breadth.  The  land  'is 
exceedingly  good  and  fertile,  annually  ex- 
porting great  quantities  of  corn,belidcs  fruit, 
hops,  honey,  and  tobacco.  It  contains  18 
towns,  of  which  Prenzlo  is  the  capital 

The  hWv  Mark  is  about  160  miles  in 
length,  and  40  in  its  greatelt  breadth.  The 
foil  in  general  is  fandy,  though  there  is  good 
corn  land  in  ibme  places.  It  abounds  in 
wood  and  game.  They  count  38  towns, 
and  eftimate  the  inhabitants  at  a  16,000. 
Ctiflrin  is  the  capital. 

"I'he  For  Mark,  or  Mark  of  PregmtZy 
is  fituated  between  the  riversTilbe  and  Ha- 
vel ;  the  dutchy  of  Mecklenburg,  and  the 
Middle  Mark.  It  contains  11  towns,  of 
which  Perlberg  is  the  principal.  It  is  about 
4S  miles  long,  and  30  broad. 

Brandeiihurg.,  a  city  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  i:^'^  Upper  Saxony,  and  in  the  Mark 
to  which  it  gives  name;  lituatcd  on  the  Ha- 
vel, which  feparates  the  old  town  from  the 
new,  and  the  whole  from  the  cattle ;  its 
foundation  is  unknown.  The  old  town  con- 
tains about  400  houil's,  the  new  800;  both 
together  containing  6coo  inhabitants,  who 
are  governed  by  the  fame  magiftiates;  there 
are  lix  churches,  feven  hofpitals,  and  two 
colleges.  ManufaeS^ures  of  linen,  fuftian, 
and  canvas,  have  been  eftablifhed  by  the 
French;  and  the  navigation  of  the  Havel 
brings  a  great  deal  of  trade  to  the  towH.  31 
miles  W.  Berlin.  Long.  la.  38.  E.  Lat, 
52-27.N. 

Brandenburg,  (Nen.v,J  a  town  of  Ger« 
many,  and  capital  of  a  diftrid  or  circle  in 
the  dutchy  of  Mecklenburg.  48  miles 
W.  Stettin,  60  N.  Berlin.  Long.  13.  13.  E. 
i-^'t-  53'  34.  N. 

Branderini,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Morbihan.  3  milesE.  Hcnnebon. 
Brandets,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle  of  Konigingrafz.     21  miles  SE.  Koni- 
gingratz. 

Brandgiith,  a  town  of  Germany,   in  the 
circle  of  Erzgeberg.  4milesNE.I-auterftein. 
Brandis,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Leiplic.    9  miles  E.  Leiplic.    Long. 
12.  35-  E.  Lat.  51.  48.  N. 

Brandts,  a  town  of  Swifferland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne.  11  miles  ENE.  Berne. 

Brandlecht,  a  town  ot  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Bcntheim.  3  miles  SSE.Northorn. 


BRA 

Brando,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Corfica, 
6  miles  N.  Baftia. 

Brando,  :\  fmall  ifland  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.  %z.  12.  E. 
Lat.  65.43-N. 

Bra'jdon,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Suffolk,  lituated  on  a  river  called  the 
Leflcr  C)ufc,  which  is  navigable  from  Lynn 
to  Thetford.  It  has  a  weekly  market  on 
Thurfdays,  and  carries  on  a  confiderable 
trade  in  corn,  malt,  timber,  iron,  bricks,  &c. 
In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  wasii48, 
of  whom  1058  were  employed  in  trade  and 
manufadurcs.  ^5  miles  WSW,  Norwich, 
78  NN  E.London. 

Brandon,  a  town  of  the  flate  of  Vermont, 
on  the  Otter  Creek.  10  miles  N.  Rutland. 
Brandon  Mountains,  mountains  of  Ireland, 
in  the  county  of  Kerry.  7  miles  N.  Dingl^ 
Brandon  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  weilem  coalc 
of  Ireland,  between  Tralee  Bay  and  Brandon 
Head. 

Brandon  Head,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  on  tbe 
weitern  coaftof  the  county  of  Kilkenny.  11 
miles  N.  Dingle.  Long.  10.  i.  W,  "  'Lat. 
52.  17.  N. 

Brandon  Hill,  a  mountaiu  of  Ireland,  in 
the  county  of  Kilkenny.  7  miles  E.  Tho- 
maftown. 

Bratidt  Oe,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Denmark,  in 
theLittleBelt.  Z-c/;^.  9.44.E.  Z^/.jj.aa.N. 
Brandt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Bayreuth.  6  m.  ESE.  Wunfiedel. 
Brandywine  May,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coait 
of  an  ifland  in  the  North  fea.  Lang,  ij.so. 
E.    Lat.  80.  18.  N. 

Brandyivine  Creek,  a  river  of  America^ 
which  riles  in  Pennfylvania,  and  runs  into 
the  Delaware  a  httle  below  Wilmington. 
Near  this  river  the  Americans  were  defeated 
by  the  Britifli  troops,  on  the  nth  of  Sep" 
tember  1777.  They  had  about  icoo  killed 
and  wounded,  and  about  400  made  prifoncrs. 
This  battle  occadoned  the  lol's  of  Philadel* 
phia,  which  Gen.  Howe  entered  on  the  26th, 
Brane,  a  river  of  South-Wales,  which 
runs  into  the  Towy,  near  Llanmiddovrcy, 
in  Carmarthenfhire. 

Brajje,  a  river  of  South-Wales,  which  runs 
into  the  Uik,  3  miles  W.  Brecknock. 

Brang,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
of  Volhynia.    44  miles  SW.  Lucko. 

Bra?igau,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  Pomerelia. 
15  miles  W.  Dantzick. 

Brafjges,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart^ 
nient  of  the  Sayne  and  Loire,  a  miles  NW. 
Louhans. 

Brangman' s  Bluff,  a  cape  on  the  Mof' 
(juito  (horc.  Long.  83.  W.  Lat.  14.  N. 

Branits,  a  town  of  Silefia,  in  the  princi- 
pality of  Oppau.     4  miles  SE.  Jagerndorf. 

Brankfea,  ur  Brcvunfea  Ijland,  an  ifiand 
in  Pool  harbour,  about  3  miles  in  circumte- 
rencr,  on  which  a  calUe  or  block-houfe  was 


BRA 


BRA 


ereftcd,  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
long  iince  removed.  Long.  i.  57.  W.  Lat, 
50.  41.N. 

Brankyrka,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Sudermania. 

Brannc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde.     6  miles  S.  Libourne. 
Braj'jli,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Bielflc.     16  miles  W.  Bielf]<. 

Branfee,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Denmark,  in 
the  Little  Belt.    ;  miles  WNW.  AfTens. 

Bratif,  a  river  of  North- Wales,  in  the  Ifle 
of  Anolefca,  which  runs  into  the  Menai, 
about  3  miles  S.  Neuburgh. 

Brauf,  a  town  of  Aullria.  8  m.  E.  Zwetl. 

Brunt,  a  river  of  North-Carolina,  which 
runs  into  the  Pamlico  Sound,  Long.  76.50. 
W.  Lat.  :,5.  8.  N. 

Branto)>ie;  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Dordogne.  ic  miles  N. 
Perigucux. 

Bi--vnon,   a  town  of  England,   in  Dcvon- 
fhire,  with  near  1300  inhabitants.    4  miles 
.NW.Barnaapie. 

Branzol,  a  town  of  the  Tyrolefe.  8  miles 
S.  Beizano. 

BrarH^  a  rocky  iflet,  one  of  the  Out  Sker- 
ries.    Lo'ig.  o.  44.  W.     Lat.  60.  43.  N. 

Br  amp,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Denmark,  11:  the 
gulf  of  Schley.  10  miles  ENE.  Slefv/ick. 

Bras,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var.  4  miles  ENE.  St.  Maxinun. 

Brjfchen^  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutch V  of  CrolFen.     5  miles  SSE.  Crofien. 

Brafchevjkcl,  a  fortrefs  of  Siberia,  on  the 
Irtii]<.     60  miles  E.  Semipoiatnoi. 

Brafckiii's  Creek,  a  river  of  Kentucky, 
which  runs  into  the  Salt,  Long.  85.  36.  W. 
Lat.  37.  50.  N 

j5/-ir/'/>^^(~''-'''>'-''vofSouth-America,bound- 
ed  on  the  north  by  the  river  Amazon  and 
the  fea,  on  the  eaft  by  the  fea,  on  the  fouth 
by  the  river  La  Plata,  and  on  the  weft  by  a 
multitude  of  morafles,  lakes,  torrents,  rivers, 
and  UK.untains,  which  feparate  it  from  the 
.  P'jfTefiiors  t.>f  the  Spaniard?.  This  country 
was  difcovercd  in  the  year  1500,  by  Alvarez 
Cabral,  a  Portuguefe.  Cabral  called  it  Saint 
Croiz;  but  it  alterwards  obtained  the  name 
of  Brafil,  irorii  the  abundance  of  the  woud  lo 
c.d!ei  found  theie,whichv/as  known  inEurope 
behjre.  The  coalb  arc  in  general  low,  but 
,  'inland  the  country  is  interfperlbd  with  hiih:, 
woods,  and  valleys,  'I'he  noithein  parrs  arc 
fubject  to  heavy  rains  and  ftorms;  the  foulh- 
crn  parts  cnjuy  a  temperate  climate  and  a 
lerliie  loil.  [n  fbme  of  the  provinces  are 
f()i!nd  ;i  great  variety  of  noxious  infefts  and 
reptiles;  hs,  liboya,  or  roebuck  fhake,  wiiich 
is  ),i:d  to  grow  to  the  incrcihble  length  of  30 
feet,  and  fevcn  or  ei<>,ht  in  circumference; 
the  rattle-fiiakc ;  th.'  Ic!  pent  called  ibibabt^ka, 
iaid  to  l)e  21  feet  long,  and  18  inches  in  cir- 
ouniicjcnce,   whole  bite    is  almoil  inlbmt 


death.  No  country  can  produce  a  greater 
number  of  beautiful  birds,  or  a  greater  variety 
of  excellent  fruits;  but  the  chief  commodities 
are  Brafil  wood,  ebony,  dying  woods,  am- 
bergrife,  relin,  balfams,  indigo,  Iweetmeats, 
fugar,  tobacco,  gold,  diamonds,  beautiful 
pebbles,  crvftal,  emeralds,  jafper,  and  other 
precious  ffoiies;  in  all  which  the  Portuguefe 
carry  on  fuch  an  amazing  trade  as  may  juftly 
be  reputed  the  fupport,  and  indeed  the  vital 
fountain  of  the  mother  country.  The  mines 
of  c'old  and  diamonds  are  but  a  recent  difco- 
very  they  were  firft  opened  in  the  vear 
i68i,&  have  fince  yielded  -..bove  five  millions 
Iferling  annually,  of  which  fum  a  fifth  be- 
longs to  the  crown.  The  diamond  mines 
are  farmed  at  30,0001.  yearly,  Vvhich  is 
thought  to  be  fcarce  a  fifth  of  what  they  ac- 
tually produce.  Brafil  is  divided  into  nine 
governments,  each  of  v/hich  has  its  particular 
chief,  under  the  viceroy,  but  receii'ing  their 
inftrudfions  from  the  court  of  Lifbon.  The 
governors  are  appointed  for  three  years,  and 
this  term  prolonged  at  will.  Each  diftricl 
has  a  particuK'.r  judge,  from  whole  fentence 
an  ap]  ical  may  be  carried  to  the  fupenor  tri- 
bunals of  Rio  Janiero,  or  Lifbon.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  St.  Salvador,  St.  Luis  de  Ma- 
raniion,  Fernambuco,  Rio  Janiero,  and  St. 
Paul.  Long.  16.  30.  to  37.  30.  W.  Lat. 
o.  to  ^^^.  S. 

BrajUmv,  a  city  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Wilna,  on  the  lide  of  a  lake,  which 
conmiunicates  with  the  Dvvina.  76  miles 
NNE.  Wilna,  296  N£.  Warfaw.  Long. 
25.  50.  E.  Lat.sS'  31- N. 

Brafpars,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partmentofFinifterre.  8  m.  NE.  Chateaulin. 

Braifjvia,  or  BraJJau,  fee  Cronjiadt. 

Braffa,  ice  Brejj'ay. 

BrijjUh-,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Puy  de  Dome,  en  the  xillier.  9 
miles  S.  lilbire, 

Bra/fac  de  Belfortes,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Tarn,  and  diffriii 
of  La  Caune.     1 2  miles  E.  Caltres. 

Brajfy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Nyevre.    10  miles  E.  Corbigny. 

Bratenlohe,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  thebi- 
fnopric  of  Bamberg.     3  m .  SE.  Schluflelfeld. 

Bn-alor.ltz,-ii  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Scitlao.     7  miles  W.  Prague. 

Bratjkoi,  a  town  of  RulTia,  in  the  govern- 
mens  of  Irkutflc,  on  the  Angara.  340  miles 
NE.  Niznci  Udinf]<. 

Bratlclcn,  a  plain  of  Swi/Ttiland,  near 
Bale,  where,  in  the  year  1444,  1500  Swifij 
withftood  the  wholearmy  of  Francc,amount- 
ing  to  30,000  men,  till  they  were  all  cut  to 
•pieces,  only  16  efcaped,  and  30  only  were 
found  alive  of  thole  wounded  in  tho  field. 

Brattlcborough,  a  town  of  the  flate  of 
Vermont,  which,  in  the  year  1790,  contained 
J  J- 1:9  inhabitimts,  iituated  on  the  well  lidc  uf 


BRA 

the  river  ConneJlicut.     35  miles  E.  Benning- 
ton, 70  NW.  Bofton. 

Bratton,  a  towndiip  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Wilts.  Here  are  the  remains  ot  a 
ftrong  fortitication,  which  the  Danes  held 
againll  the  Saxons  after  being  defeated.  3 
miles  ENE.  Woftbury. 
Bratzla-iv,  fee  Brjclaiv. 
Brava,  a  feaport  town  of  Africa,  on  the 
coaft  of  Zanguebar,  and  the  capital  of  a 
lepublic,  founded  by  feven  brothers,  who 
lied  from  the  tyranny  of  a  king  of  Arabia 
Felix,  to  whom  they  were  fubjed:.  They 
fubmitted  at  firlt  to  the  Portuguefc,  but  af- 
terwards revolted;  in  150-8,  their  town  Avas 
burnt  down.  The  inhabitants  dreis  in  the 
PortugLiefe  manner,  and  confume  great  quan- 
tities of  European  commodities.  Long.^^. 
E.  Lat.  I.  10.  N. 

Brava,  or  St.  John,  one  of  the  Cape  de 
Verd  iflands  ;  the  land  is  high  and  moun- 
tainous. There  arefcarcely5oo  inhabitants; 
they  cultivate  maize,  gourds,  water-melons, 
potatoes,  &c.  Orangts  and  lemons  grow 
in  great  plenty.  Horfes,  cows,  afics,  and 
hogs,  are  numerous;  and  the  earth  yields  a 
great  proportion  ot  nitre.  The  mountains 
are  fuppofed  to  be  rich  in  metallic  ore,  ef- 
pecially  copper,  as  there  are  many  vitriolic 
fprings;  the  coafts  abound  in  iilh.  12  miles 
\y.  Fuego.  /.5//^.24.46.VV.  Lat.  14.  55. N. 
Bravasi  a  fmall  iiland  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  co;dl:  of  Africa.     Itai.  7.  40.  N. 

Braubach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Hcife  Darmftadt,  on  the 
Rhine,  oppollte  Rees.  10  miles  W.  Naifau, 
18  NW.  Mentz. 
Braubach,  fee  Brinnbach. 
Braiigkbig,'X  village  of  England,  in  Hert- 
fordfhire,  formerly  a  large  town,  which 
gave  name  to  the  hundred,  and  by  ibme  fup- 
pofed to  have  been  by  the  Romans  called 
Caefaromagus.     28  miles  N.  London. 

Braulin,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  5 
miles  W.  Gemona. 

Braulio,  or  Brallo,  one  of  the  mountains 
called  the  Rhethvt  Alps,  in  the  country  of 
the  Grifons,  and  on  the  borders  of  Tyrol, 
near  the  town  of  Bormio. 

Braiuiau,  or  Braiiau,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Inn.  It  is  fortilied,  and  was  formerlv 
the  relidence  of  the  Eled>or.  In  1632,  it 
held  out  a  fiege  againftthe  Swedes.  In  1742, 
it  was  taken  by  the  troops  of  the  emprcls 
queen;  and  in  1779,  it  was  ceded  to  the 
houfe  of  Aulfria,  at  the  peace  of  Tefchen. 
In  1805,  it  was  taken  by  the  French.  60m. 
NE.  Munich,  160  W.  Vienna.  Long.  12. 
^9.  E.  Lat.  48.  14.  N. 

Braunau,  a  town   of  Bohemia,    in   the 

circle   of   Konigingratz.     25   miles  E.  Jvo- 

nigingratz.  Long.  16.9.  E. />fl/.  50.  25.  N. 

Bratitieck,  or  Brauncgg,  a   town  of  the 

Tyrolefe,  in  the  bilhopric  of  Brixen.   16  m. 


BRA 

■» 

.    NE.  Brixen,  38  E.  Tyrol.    Long.   12.  E. 
Lat.  46.  45.  N. 

Braunfcls,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
cn-cle  ol  the  Upper  Rhine,  belonging  to  the 
Count  Sulnis,  with  a  caltle  iDrtilicd  in  the 
ancient  manner;  near  the  Lahn.  5  miles 
E.  Wctzlaar,  39  NNE.  Mentz.  Long.  8. 
27.  E.  Lat.  50.  30.  N. 

BraunJbiTg,  a  fuaport  of  Pruflia,  in  th: 
bilhopric  of  Ermeland,  lituatcd  on  the  P.d- 
liirage,  which  foon  after  dilchargcs  itlelf 
mto  the  Frifche-HafF.  It  was  built  in  the 
year  1251,  and  receivedits  nameh-6m  Bruno, 
l)iihop  of  Prague.  In  the  year  1461,  the 
mhabitants  embraced  the  proteltant  religion, 
and  drove  out  the  popilh  garrifon.  It  is  a 
good  trading  town,  by  means  of  the  river, 
which  is  navigable  for  fmall  veflels.  36  m. 
SW  Konigfberg,  20  NE.  Elbing.  Long.  19. 
48.  E.  Lat.  54.  20.  N. 

Braunjberg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Wied  Runkel.  4  miles  NE.  Neu 
Wied. 

Brauujlierg,  or  Britnfperg,  a  town  of 
Moravia,  in  the  circle  of  Prerau.  25  miles 
ENE.  Prerau. 

Braiaifdorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Erzgeburg.     ir  m.  NE.  Freyberg. 
Braurfdorf,  a  town  of  Aultria.     6  miles' 
E.  Meillau 

Braiwjl'lf,  or  Braunfifaga,  or  Braun- 
seljf.'n,  a  tov.n  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle  of 
Olmutz.     16  miles  NNE.  Olmutz. 

Braiuifpach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  liohenlohe.  6  miles  S. 
VVeickerfheini. 

BraunJkvalJ,    a  town  of  Pruflia,  in   the 

provinceof  Ermeland.  5  miles  N.Allenflein. 

Braunjkveig,    a   town   in  the  dutchy  of 

Holitein,  which lerves  as  a  fauxbourgto  Kiel. 

I  mile  N.  Kiel. 

Bravo,  or  North  River,  a  river  of  North- 
America,  which,  after  a  courfe  of  1080  miles, 
runs  into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  Long.  93. 
16.  W.  Lat.  26.  N. 

Braux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depai  t- 

ment  of  the  Ardennes.     5  m.N.  Charleville. 

Bra^valla   Heide,   a  plain  of  Sweden,  in 

Smaland,  where  the  women  in  the  abfence  of 

their  hufbands  defeated  an  army  of  Danes.- 

Bra^wciler,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Roer.  7  m.  WNW.Cologn. 
Bray  fur  Seme,  a  town  of  Fiance,  in  the 
department  of  the  Seine  and  Marne,  on  the 
Seine.     9  miles  S.  Provins,  24  E.  Melum. 

Bray  fur  Sonnne,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Somme,  on  the 
Somme.  In  1534,  it  was  taken  by  the  Englifli. 
9  miles  W.Pe.onne,  16  ENE.  Amiens. 

Bray,  a  fmall  feaport  of  Ireland,  on  the 
eaft  coaft,  in  St.  George's  Channel,  with  a 
harbour  for  iiiiall  veflels,  much  relbrted  to 
fur  fea-bathing.  13  mile  N.  Wicklow 
Long.  6.  6.  W.  Lat.  ^2>-  i»  IV" 


Bray  Bank,  a  fand  bank  in  St.  George's 
Channel,  rtartheeiift  coaft  of  Ireland.  6 
miles  E.  B  ly  Head. 

Bray  J  '■•id,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  Ire- 
land, in  :  -.e  County  of  W'cklow,  I.cng. 
6.  5.  W.  Laf.  S3.  12.  N. 

Bray,  a  river  of  France,  -which  runs  into 
the  Roer,  foon  after  its  rile. 

Braze,  a  town  of  Prance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ccte  i'Or.    f\  miles  Dijon. 

Bray,  a  village  jf  England,  in  the  county 
of  Berks,  with"a  parifli  fo  exteoiive  as  to 
form  a  hundred  of  itfclf;  remarkable  for  a 
fongof  its  famous  complying  vicar.  Camden 
fuppofes  it  to  have  been  the  country  of  the 
Bibroci;  near  Maidenhead. 

Brazza,  an  ifiand  in  the  Adriatic,  about 
^^o  miles  long,  and  9  broad,  near  the  coaft 
of  Dalmatia.  Biazza  is  mountainous  and 
rocky,  and  in  the  higheft  parts  of  it  there 
art^  large  traols  of  land  quite  ftoney,  fcarccly 
fit  to  bear  juniper  and  other  plants  that 
grow  in  barren  places.  It  cofts  great  fatigue 
to  reduce  the  ground  to  tillage ;  and  yet 
the  inhabitants  go  on  from  year  to  year 
incrcafing  their  cultivated  land,  and  con- 
fcquently  their  produd  of  wine,  diminifhing 
their  woods  and  flocks.  The  ftoney  nature 
of  the  foil  and  fcai  city  of  fprings  of  frefli 
water,  fubjedt  the  illand  to  fatal  droughts. 
The  produd  frr  which  this  illand  was 
knov/n  among  the  ancients  continues  ftill  in 
its  primitive  perfedtion :  Pliny's  dillin(5>ion 
is  above  theother  for  tlie  excellencies  of  its 
kinds  ;  and  in  fai5t  not  only  the  kids  but 
aUb  the  lambs  acquire  a  particular  delicacy 
of  tafte  by  the  pafture  of  the  ifland,  and 
the  niiU:  w.ch  which  they  are  nourifhed  far 
exxceding  that  of  the  neighbouring  countries. 
Hence  tii..  cheefe  of  Brazza  is  highly  ef- 
tecmed  in  Dalmatia,  and  wherever  it  is 
known.  Sheep  have  been  almoft  univeriaily 
i'ubflitutcd  in  thcplace,  of  goats  as  being  lels 
hu'tful  to  the  woods.  Generally  fpcaking 
tlie  wool  of  Brazza  is  not  gt^od.  Notwith- 
ftanding  tlie  iloney  foil  of  Brazza  produces 
a  gi'oat  quantity  of  wine,  which  is  generally 
held  as  tile  bcft  in  Dalmatia,  this  article,  lirc- 
v/ood,  andfheep,  form  tiic  principal  revenue 
ot  the  Brazzani.  The  ifland  alio  produces 
oil,  ligs,  almonds,  filk,  fiiiron,  and  a  little 
corn.  The  lentslk  grows  here  in  great 
]ilenty,  and  the  poor  peaiants  make  oil  of 
the  berrie-.  when  there  is  fcarcity  of  olives. 
Long.  17.  E.  Lnt.  43.  45.  N. 

Brazzaco,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  5 
miles  NW.  Udina. 

Brazzo  dc  Maina,  a  part  of  Greece, 
anciently  Lacedicmonia,  and  one  of  the 
tlivn'ions  of  the  Morca.  The  prel';nt  inha- 
bit ■inrs,cal!e:fI\Liniots,  aiea  rudeinholpitable 
])eoi)le,  excellent  mariner:;,  and  daring  pi- 
rates, eqilallv  enemies  to  Turks  and  Chiift- 
ians.     'llieu'  number  is  .;bjut  40,000. 


BRA 

Bre,  z  rix-er  of  Denmark,  which  runs, 
into  the  North-Sea,  6  miles  SVY.  Tondern. 

Bre,  fee  Brsno. 

Brca,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
near  the  coaft  of  Mexico.     Lat,  16.  N. 

Brea  Head,  a  cape  on  the  Ibuth-weft 
coaft  Qi  Ireland,  in  the  county  of  Kerry^ 
Lang.  10.  16.  W.  Lat.  51.  50. N. 

Brcadalbam',  a  diftrift  of  Scotland,  in  tlie 
wcftern  part  of  the  county  of  Perth,  bor- 
dering on  the  county  of  Argyle.  Tlie 
country  of  Breadalbane  has  not  lo  much 
as  a  village  of  ten  houies;  yet,  from  its 
latinifed  name  Alb:mia,  has  often  given  the 
title  of  duke  to  fome  of  the  royal  family; 
it  is  feated  very  near  the  centre  of  Scotland, 
and  is  alleged  to  be  the  highell  ground  in  it!; 
for  that  the  rivers  which  rife  here,  are  faid 
to  run  every  way  from  this  part,  fome  into  - 
the  eaftern,  and  fome  into  the  weftcrn  feas. 

Bredo-iv,  a  town  of  Prulfian  Poland,  iq 
the  palatinate  ofBrfeili.     30  miles  S.  Brfelk. 

Breage,  a  village  of  England,  in  Corn- 
wall, fituated  among  the  tin  mines.  In  1801, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  3534.  3  miles 
NW.  Helfton. 

Breaker  Ijland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Mer.= 
gui  Archipelago,  near  the  coaft  of  Sullivan's 
Ifland.     Lat.  XI.  Z.^. 

Breakfea  Ijland,    a  fmall  ifland  at  the. 
north  entrance  of  Duflcy  Bay,  on  tiie  coaft 
of  New  Zealand. 

Breakfea  Spit,  a  Ihoal  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
New  Holland,  a  little  to  the  north  of  Sandy 
Cape. 

Breal,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  departs 
ment  of  the  Ille  and  Vifaine.  k  miles  SE. 
Montfort,  7  SW-  Rennes. 

Bream  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
New  Zealand,  fo  called  by  Captain  Cook, 
from  the  number  of  fifh  of  ^hat  name  caught 
there.  Weft  of  Bream  Head. 

Bream'  Head,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
New  Zealand,  forming  the  north  point  o^ 
Bream  Bay.  Long.  185.7.  W.  i.n/*.35. 46. S, 

Breatfi  Tail,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  of  New 
Zealand.     12  miles  S.  Bream  Head. 

i?;-m7;/j- //«>/'//, an  eminenceofNewYorkj, 
on  Hudfon's  river,  where  Gen.  Gates  had  ai 
camp  previous  to  the  capitulation  of  Saratoga. 

Breaufi'-,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dept. 
of  the  Lower  Seine.    13  m.  NW.  Caudebec. 

Brehince,  a  ri\er  of  France,  which  runs 
iiito  the  Loire,  near  Digoin. 

Breccy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment: of  the  Channel.  7  miles  S.  Awranche. 

Brcchen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Hefle.  1 6  miles  WSW.  Wetzlar. 

Brechin,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county^  of  Angus  or  Forfar,  a  royal  burgh, 
and  one  of  five  that  fend  a  member  to  par- 
liament. It  is  fituated  on  the  river  South- 
Efk,  over  which  it  has  a  ftately  bridge  of 
two  arclicsj  -.ud  is  cuniiderable  for  it:;  I'almonj 


B  R  E 

and  cattle  mnrlcets.  It  is  alfb  memorable 
lor  a  great  victory  obtained  here  ovor  the 
3")anes,  by  the  chief  of  the  family  of  Keith 
earl  Marlhal,  who,  having  killed  their  ge- 
neral, was  advanced  to  great  honours  by 
Malcolm  II.  There  was  a  high  ftone 
ero(Sed  over  the  grave  of  the  Dani(h  general, 
which  is  ftill  called  Camus's  Crols,  from 
his  name  ;  and  at  lo  miles  diftance  is  another 
crofs,  over  the  grave  of  another  eminent 
Danifh  warrior;  and  both  of  them  have 
antique  letters  and  pi6lures  upon  them.  On 
the  fifth  of  July,  1572,  Sir  Adam  Gordon, 
who  with  a  party  of  the  queen's,  was  laving 
liege  to  the  caftic  of  Glenbervie,  flirpriled 
fome  of  the  king's  friends  in  this  town,  and 
cut  off"  the  whole.  In  the  year  145Z,  a  battle 
was  fought  a  little  way  from  Brechin,  be- 
tween the  Earls  of  Crawford  and  Huntley, 
when  the  former  was  defeated.  There  is  a 
v/ell-fupplied  weekly  market  on  Tuefday. 
The  chief  trade  is  in  linen  and  yarn.  The 
church  is  collegiate.  Brechin  was  formerly 
a  billiop's  fee,  founded  by  David  I.  about 
the  year  1140.  The  cathedral  church  was 
a  handfome  building;  the  eaftern  part  is  in 
ruins,  the  wellern  is  uledfor  a  parifh  church. 
The  Culdees  had  a  convent  here,  which  af- 
terwards gave  way  to  the  Mathurines,  or 
red  friars;  but  neither  of  them  lecm  to  have 
had  any  thing  to  do  with  the  cathedral 
church.  The  ruins  of  the  abbey  of  red  friars 
are  yet  to  be  feen  in  the  college  wynd,  ad- 
joining to  the  north-weilern  end  of  the 
grammar-fchool.  In  i8or,  the  number  of 
inhabitants  was  5466,  of  whom  857  were 
employed  in  trade  and  manufadures.  40 
miles  S.  Aberdeen,  43  NNE,  Perth.  Long. 
a.  45-  V/.  Lat.  56.  42'  N. 

Breckerfeld,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Mark.    26  miles  NNE.  Cologn. 

Brecknock,  or  Brecon,  (anciently  Aber- 
honddy,)  a  town  of  South-Wales,  and  ca- 
pital of  the  county  to  which  it  gives  name, 
fituated  on  the  river  Ufk,  where  it  is  joined 
by  the  Hondy  or  Hodney,  about  the  centre 
of  the  county.  The  town  is  populous,  and 
contains  three  parifli  churches.  It  has  two 
markets  weekly,  on  Wedneiday  and  Satur- 
day. It  is  a  corporation  and  borough 
town,  fending  one  member  to  parliament, 
a  little  clothing  trade  is  carried  on,  but  no 
confiderable  manufacture.  In  1801,  it  had 
21:76  inhabitants.  62  m.  W.  Glocelter,  i6a 
W.London.  Long.  3.2o.W.i>rt/.5i.52.N. 

Breckwjckjblre,  an  inland  county  of  South- 
Wales,  bounded  on  the  north  and  north- 
eall  by  Radnorfhire;  on  the  eaft  by  Here- 
fordfliire  and  Monmouthfliire ;  on  the  fouth 
by  Monmouthfliire  and  Glamorganlhire ; 
and  on  the  well  by  Caermarthenlhire  and 
Cardiganihire.  It  was  anciently  inha!iitcd 
by  the  Silures,  and  under  the  Romans  made 
A  part  of  the  province  of  Britannia  Secunda. 


B  R  E 

In  12S2,  it  was  conquered  by  Edward  I.  and 
made  lubjec^l  to  England,  and  formed  into 
a  county  by  Henry  Vlll.  It  is  at  prefent 
included  in  the  fouth-eaft  circuit,  the  pro- 
vince of  Canterbury,  and  the  diocefe  of  St. 
David.  The  form  is  irregular,  inclining  to 
a  triangle ;  the  grcateft  length  about  40 
miles,  and  the  greatell  breadth  37;  and  it 
is  fuppofed  to  contain  about  600,000  acres. 
It  is  divided  into  fix  hundreds,  which  con- 
tain four  towns,  Brecknock,  Builth,  Crick- 
howel,  and  Hay;  and  61  parifhcs:  it  lends 
two  members  to  parliament,  for  the  county 
and  town  of  Brecknock,  one  each.  The 
borders  of  the  county  are  for  the  moll  part 
mountainous,  and  every  where  it  is  inter- 
fpcrfed  v/ith  hills.  The  higher  mountains 
are  barren,  but  the  fmaller  hills  cultivated 
to  the  fiimmits:  the  vallies  are  in  general 
fertile,  but  the  proportion  of  good  land  to 
bad  does  not  amount  to  one-third.  The 
number  of  inhabitants,  in  1801,  was  31,633, 
of  whom  4304  were  employed  in  trade  and 
manufaftures,  and  15,346  in  agriculture.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Wye  and  the  Ufk. 
Breda,  a  city  of  Brabant,  belonging  to 
the  Dutch,  fituated  on  the  Aa  and  Mercke, 
two  Imall  livers  which  unite  here,  and  form 
the  river  Roevert.  It  is  the  capital  of  an  ' 
ancient  barony,  which  comprehends  17  con- 
liderable  villages,  and  a  wood  of  fir  trees, 
called  Majl-bofch.,  about  4  miles  in  length, 
and  one  in  breadth.  In  1212,  thisbaronybe- 
longed  to  Godfrey  de  Bcrgue,  from  whom 
it  defcended  to  Henry,  whofe  daughter 
Elizabeth  married  Arnold  de  Louvain,  whole 
only  daughter  Aiix  brought  the  barony  of 
Breda  to  Rafon  de  Gavre ;  from  him  de- 
fcended Philip,  whole  daughter  Alix  elpoufed 
Gerard  de  Rafleghem ;  w  no  fold  Breda  to 
John  in.  duke  of  Brabant,  who  again  fold 
it  to  John  de  Polane,  lord  of  Leek:  this  htt 
left  an  only  daughter,  named  Jeanne,  mar- 
ried in  1404  to  Engelbert  de  NafTiu,  from 
which  alliance  this  city  remained  in  the  houle 
of  NaiTau  till  William  III.  king  of  England, 
v/ho  dying  without  iffue,  tlie  barony  was 
left  in  abeyance.  Henry  of  NafTau  began 
the  old  caltle  in  1350;  but  about  the  year 
1680,  William  prince  of  Orange,  afterwards 
kmg  of  England,  erected  the  new  one, 
which  is  a  magnificent  fquare  ftruifture, 
furrounded  by  the  waters  of  the  Mercke. 
Breda,  in  fpirituals,  is  dependent  on  the 
diocefe  of  Antv/erp;  in  civil  affairs  it  is 
governed  according  to  the  cuftoms  of  Bra- 
bant. It  fatfercd  exceedingly  in  the  wars  of  ■ 
the  i6th  century.  Inthe year  1566,  the  pro- 
teftants  committed  many  violences ;  the  year 
following,  it  was  annexed  to  the  dom;uns 
of  the  king  of  Spain,  by  the  Duke  of  Alva, 
on  account  of  the  rebellion  of  William  of 
Nafiiiu,  prince  of  Orange.  In  15 75,  the 
emperor  Maximilian  having  ofFcicd  his  me- 


B  R  E 


B  R  K. 


dirition  for  f  eice,  the  city  of  Breda  was  the 
jjlace  fixed  ou  for  the  conttrence,  but  the 
bpaniiirds  being  too  pertinacivuis.  in  their 
propolitions,  and  diftrulfed  by  the  confe- 
derates, the  aflenibly  was  diflbjvcd  without 
coining  to  any  agreement.  In  1577,  the 
parrifon  dehvercd  up  the  city  to  the  ftates. 
in  1581,  Claudcde  Berlaimont,  lord  of  Ilau- 
tepennc,  took  it  byiurprife,  on  the  i8th  of 
June,  and  gave  it  up  to  pillage.  Prince 
Maurice  made  hinifelf  mailer  of  it  again  in 
March  1590,  by  a  ftratageni,  fendinga  party 
of  chofen  men  hid  in  a  boat  loaded  Avith 
turf,  by  whofe  means  the  prince  was  ad- 
mitted, andthecityfurrendered.  Itwasagain 
attacked  and  taken  bv  Spinola,  the  5th  of 
June  1625,  after  a  fiege  of  fix  months, 
which  Juftin,  the  natural  fon  of  William 
prince  of  Orange,  fuftained  with  great  va- 
lour. Spinola  burned  the  turf  beat,  by  means 
of  which  the  Butch  had  become  mafters  of 
the  city,  in  1590,  and  which  had  been  care- 
fully preferved  in  memoryof  thattranfiiction. 
At  length,  Frederick  Henry  piince  of 
Orange  laid  fiege  to  it  the  23d  of  June  1637, 
•and  obliged  the  governor,  Omer  de  Fourdm, 
to  furrcnder  the  20th  of  Odober  following. 
The  Dutch  after  thatconliderablyaugmented 
die  fortiiications,  which  are  efleemed  fome 
of  the  completed  in  the  Netherlands.  It  is 
furrounded  on  alllidesby  waterand  moraifes, 
which  render  the  approach  exceedingly  dif- 
ficult; notwithftanding  which,  itfunendered 
to  the  French  the  24th  of  February  1793, 
after  a  Ihort  fiegeof  ten  days.  On  the  30th 
of  Marchfollowing,  it  wasagain  furrcndered 
to  the  Dutch  by  capitulation,  the  foldicis 
being  permitted  to  return  to  France  with 
lafe  conduct.  In  1667,  was  held  at  Breda  a 
celebrated  congrel's  for  peace;  firll  between 
l>ewis  XIV.  king  of  France,  and  Charles  II. 
king  of  England,  concluded  the  2  lit  of  July; 
by  the  mediation  of  the  King  of  Sweden,  a 
iecond  peace  was  concluded  al  the  fame  time 
and  figned  on  the  3ii!:  of  July,  betweeen  the 
King  of  England  and  the  State's  General;  by 
anarticle  in  which  theprovince  of  New-York 
Avas  given  to  the  English.  The  fame  day  a 
third  peace  was  ratified  between  the  King  of 
England  and  Frtderick  III.  king  of  Den- 
niark.  The  Englifli  amb;ifl:idors  were  Den- 
zii  Holies,  and  Henry  Coventry;  thole  of 
France,  Godefroi  d'liltrades,  lieutenant-ge- 
neral, and  I  lonore  Courtin,  counfellorofltate; 
thofe  of  Sweden,  George  Flemmingh,  Clirif- 
tophre  comte  de  Dhona,  and  Pierre  Jules 
Coyet;  the  Dutch  appointed  jeroir.e  van  Be- 
verningk,  Pierre  de  liuybert,  Allard  Pierre 
JongheJlal,  Adolphus  Henry  de  Ri])crda,  and 
Ludoljihe  Tiarda  de  Stcrkenborgh;  and 
thofe  from  Denmark  were  Paul  Klmgen- 
_bergh,and  Pierre Caiifius.  The  gi eat  church 
is  a  haiuilbrne_ll;rurtuie,  and  remarkable  for 
its  tovvvr,  wliich  was  burned  in   1696,  and 


fince  rebuilt,  the  height  of  the  fpire  is  36a 
feet ;  in  it  are  feveral  monuments  of  the  an- 
cient lords  of  Breda,  the  moil  remarkable  of 
which  are  thofe  of  Engelbert  1.  wlio  died  in 
1442;  of  John  who  died  in  1473  ;  and  of 
Engelbert  II.  who  died  in  ICC4;  but  they 
are  much  defaced.  The  tov/n-houfe  is  large, 
the  apartments  regular,  andfumptuouHy  fur- 
nifhed.  The  city  is  of  a  triangular  form, 
and  contains  about  s,2co  houfes  ;  at  every 
angle  is  a  gate,  and  trees  are  planted  along 
the  ramparts.  46  miles  S.  Amfterdam,  2a 
SSE.  Rotterdam.  Long.  4.  38.  E.  Lat.  51. 
3  7- N. 

Breda,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Ton- 
quin,  near  the  coafl  of  China.  Long.  109. 
27.  E.   Lat.  21.  24.  N. 

BredatiOy  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  gulf  of  Tarento,  Long.  16.  47.  E. 

Lat.  e,Q.  Z5-^- 

Brede  (La,)  a  village  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Gironde,  with  a  chateau, 
in  which  the  celebrated  Montefquieu  was 
born  and  refided.     7  miles  SE.  Bourdeaux. 

Brede,  a  river  of  England,  which  riles  in 
Suffex,  and  joins  the  RothernearVVincheifea. 

Bredea,  a  town  of  Algiers.  10  miles 
SSW.  Oran. 

Brcdenborg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifliopric  of  Paderburn.    4  miles  E.  Neheim. 

Brederode,  an  ancient  and  noble  figniory, 
of  Holland,  between  Beverwick,  and  Haer- 
lem.  The  lord  of  Brederode  was  one  of  the 
principal  gentlemen  who  prefenteda  petition 
to  Margaret  of  Auftria  againif  the  inquifi- 
tion  and  other  innovations,  in  the  year  1566. 
The  title  is  now  extinct. 

Bredev:ig,  a  town  of  Norway,  in  the  dio- 
cefs  of  Aggerhuus.  44  m.  SSW.  Chriiliania. 

Bredl,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of 
Boleflaw.     6  miles  NE.  Turnau. 

Bredjledt,  a  populous  town  of  Denmark, 
in  the  dutchy  of  Slefwick,  and  capital  of  a 
diffricf  to  which  it  gives  name.  21  miles 
WNW.  Slefwick.  Long.  9.  i.  E.  Lat.  54- 
42.  N. 

Bredjkar,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long,  22.  43.  E.  Lat. 
63.  42.  N. 

Bredjkar,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  eaft  fide 
of  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  Long.  21.  2.  E. 
Lat.  62.  54   N. 

Bredydt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sarre.     11  miles  E.  Treves. 

Brce,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Mayenne.     10  miles  NE.  Laval.   . 

Brec,   iee  Bray. 

Breed's  Hill,  a  place  of  America,  near. 
Bolton,  celebrated  for  the  Itand  made  by 
the  i\niericans,  in  the  beginning  of  the  war, 
againlt  the  Britifh  troops.  The  Americans 
lull  5  pieces  of  cannon,  and  139  men  killed; 
the  lols  on  the  fide  of  the  Britifh  troops 
amounted  to  J054,   19  oihcers  were  killed. 


B  R  E 


B  R  E 


and  70  wounded.  This  is  ufuallv  called 
the  battle  of  Bunker's  hill,  another  hill  near 
it,  and  happened  the  17th  of  June  1775. 

Breek,  a  town  o\  Algiers,  near  the  coalT, 
formerly  a  Roman  town.  y  miles  W. 
Sher|]iell. 

Brcefchach,  a  river  of  Germany,  which 
runs  into  the  Unilrutt,  4  miles  vS.  Weiffenfee, 
in  the  circle  ot  Upper  Saxony. 

Brefort^  fee  Brcvoordt. 

Breg,  or  Breig,  a  ri\er  of  Swabia,  which 
joins  the  Danube,  near  its  iburce. 

Bregii;igof!,A  fortrefa  of  France,  on  a  fmall 
iflarid  in  the  Mediterranean,  near  the  coalr, 
between  Toulon  and  St.  Tropez. 

Brege?itz,  a  county  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Swabia,  but  annexed  to  the  circle 
of  Auibia,  bounded  on  the  north  by  ihe  ter- 
ritory of  Wangcn,  on  the  call:  by  the  biibop- 
ric  of  Augfburg  and  the  Tyroiefe,  on  the 
fouth  by  the  counties  of  Pludentz  and 
Montfor^.  and  on  the  wefl  by  the  Rhine  and 
the  lake  of  Conlfance.  It  anciently  belonged 
to  the  counts  of  Montfbrt,  who  ibid  it 
to  the  houi'e  of  Auftria  for  316,000  francs. 
The  prmcipal  town  and  river  are  of  the 
fame  name. 

Bregcntz,  a  town  or  city  of  Germany, 
and  capital  of  the  county  of  the  fame  name, 
fituated  at  the  call  end  of  the  lake  of  Con- 
ftance.  There  are  leveral  forges  in  its  envi- 
rons, and  towards  the  fouth  it  has  afort. 
On  the  9th  of  Auguffc  1796,  this  town  was 
taken  by  the  French-  4  miles  SE.  Lindau,  60 
ENE.  Zurich.  Long.^.:,%.Y..  Lat-^l-z^.^. 

Bngc/iiz,  a  river  of  Germany,  wliich 
nins  into  the  lake  of  ConKance,  near  the 
town  lb  called. 

Bregovitza,^  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Bulgaria.     30  miles  NW.  Sofia. 

Brehal,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Channel.  9  miles  SSW.  Cou- 
tances. 

Brekan  Loudeac,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  Morbihan.  6  miles  N. 
JOiTelin. 

Brehatt  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Englifli  chan- 
nel, near  the  coatl  of  France.  Long.  a.  r,^. 
W.  Lat.  48.  50.  N. 

Brchar,  or  Bryer,  one  of  the  Scilly  iflands; 
it  is  rocky  and  mountainous,  with  but  few 
inhabitants ;  about  30  miles  from  the  Land's 
End.     Long.  6.  47.  W.     Lat.  50.  2.  N. 

BrshejiiJiU,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Indre  and  Loire.  12  nules 
W.  Tours. 

Brckfiij,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  elec- 
torate of  Saxony.  26  miles  SW.  Witten- 
berg, 62  NW.  Drefdcn.  I^or.g.  12.  15.  E. 
Zrf/.  51.  37.  N. 

Bre'id al  Llorfah,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in 
the  province  of  Hcdyas.   30  m.  SE.  Mecca. 

Brcideiibach,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Moil-IL'.    5  m.  N.  Bit che. 


Breifch,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Croflen.     8  md-js  S.  CrolTen. 

Brcijfa,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  K>rdofan. 
100  miles  W.  Scnnaar.  Long.  ^1.  j'^.E. 
Lat.  i\.  20.  N. 

Bre'it,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  princi- 
pality of  Aichftatt.     2  miles  NE.  Aichftatt. 

Brcitenhach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Schwartzburg,  with  two  cluucliCS 
and  400  houfes.     14  nnles  S.  Erfurt. 

Breitcnbcrg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Hollrein,  on  the  river  Sloer.  la 
the  German  civil  wars  this  town  was  florm- 
ed  by  Count  Wallenll:ein,  and  the  garrifoii 
pu;  CO  the  fword.     2  miles  S.  Itzehoa. 

Brdtencck.)  a  town  of  Bavaria,  which 
gives  name  to  a  lordihip,  and  pays  20  florins 
tor  a  Roman  month  ;  it  is  taxed  at  ^^t^  rix- 
dollars.  The  lands  arc  fituated  in  the  upper 
pa!  .tinate.  The  town  belongs  to  the  Counts 
of  Montfbrt.  ^  miles  NE.  Dievfurt,  iS 
WNW.  Ratifbon.  Lcrg.  n.  -^y.  E.  Lat. 
49.  3-  N. 

Breitenfeld,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
territory  of  Merfeburg.  In  1631,  the  Im- 
perialills  were  defeated  here  by  the  Sv.edcs. 
5  miles  N.  Leiphc. 

Breitungen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Henneberg.  5  nules  NW. 
Smalkalden. 

Breituugen-,  Alt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  county  of  Henneberg.  5  miles  W. 
Smalkalden. 

Breitungei2,  Frauen,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  county  of  Henneberg.  4  miles  W. 
Smalkalden. 

Brcitzenheiin,  a  late  lordiliip  of  Germany, 
in  the  circle  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  on  the 
Nahe,  near  the  tovv'n  of  Creutznach:  it  takes 
its  name  from  an  old  caifle  now  in  ruins. 
It  was  affeired  in  the  matricula  of  the  em- 
pire fix  florins,  in  tliitt  of  the  circle  at  eight; 
and  paid  to  the  chamber  of  Wetzlaar  three 
rix-dollars,  thirteen  kreutzers  and  a  half. 
The  inhabitants  are  parJy  Roman  Catholics, 
and  partly  Lutherans.  It  is  now  annexed 
to  France. 

Brelands,  a  town  of  Norway.  7  railes 
WNW.  Chriftianfand. 

Brelles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  uepr.rt- 
ment  of  Finilterre.     10  miles  NW.  Brelt. 

Breiii,  or  Prem,  a  town  of'  Inner  Carniola. 
18  miles  E.Triefte.^ 

Brenia,  a  town  of  Italy,  near  the  conflux 
of  the  Selia  and  the  Po.     28  m.  W  Pa\ia. 

Brcinha,  a  river  of  Italy,  wiiich  runs  into 
the  Adda,  8  miles  from  ikrgamo. 

Brcnihato,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Serio.     6  m.  W.  Bergamn. 

Bre7nen,A  dutchy  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Lower  Saxon^,  bounded  on  the  north 
by  the  German  Ocean  and  the  Elbe;  on  the 
eafc  by  Holltein,  Luncbuig,  and  Vcrden;  on 
the  fouth  by  Vcrden,  Hoya,  and  Diepholi"; 


B  R  E 

and  on  the  weft  by  Oldenburg  and  Uie  Ger- 
man Ocean.  The  greatcft  length.  ?.i>oiit  60 
n!les,and  the  breadth  about  50.  The  whole 
is  a  vaft  plain,  and  ^Imoftfnvrounded  by  the 
felbe  and  the  Wefer.  The  lands  bordering 
on  tlie  river  Elbe  afford  an  extraordinary 
plenty  of  grain  and  frait;  thofe  on  the 
Olle  ;ire  likewife  exceeding  fertile  in  gi'ain, 
and  v'ield  alfo  a  clay  for  veueis,  together 
with  a  free-ftone ;  tliofe  along  the  W'cfer, 
beiidcs  their  fertility  in  grain,  produce  like- 
wile  lai^ge  breeds  of  cattle.  For  the  prefer- 
vation  of  thefc  marfli  lands  agalnft  inunda- 
tions, the  dykes  and  dams  are  kept  in  con- 
llant  repair,  at  a  great  expence,  under  the 
inipedion  of  dyke-graves,  dyke-judges,  and 
jurats.  The  champaign  count)  y  has  in  forne 
parts  good  corn  land;  the  heaths  too  are 
covered  with  flieep,  and  the  culture  of  bees 
is  very  much  -attended  to.  On  the  moors 
are  dug  vaft  quantities  of  turf,  which  is  ex- 
ported to  Bremen  and  Hamburg,  and  ufed 
in  brick-kilns,  the  glals-houfe  here,  or  even 
for  fuel  in  prixate  houfes.  This  country 
3iktwile  yields  a  great  deal  of  flax.  The 
dutchy  of  Bremen  was  formed  out  of  an 
archbifhopric,  as  this  latter  was  out  of  a  bi- 
fliopric,  founded  by  the  emperor  Charles 
the  Great  in  787,  (though  others  fay  in  788,) 
and  of  which  Willebad,  an  Englifhman, 
Vi^as  the  firft  biHiop.  On  the  deceafe  of 
Leuderichs  III.  Bifltop  Anfcarius  v/as  tranf- 
lated  to  Bremen  ;  and  in  858,  the  fee  itfelf 
actually  incorporated  with  Hamburg,  as  the 
archbifhopric  of  the  northern  nations.  The 
arclibifliops  gradually  got  into  their  hands 
tlie  counties  within  the  diocefe  of  Bremen, 
together  with  the  Ibvereignty  over  it.  On 
the  death  of  Archbilhop  John  Roden,  in 
15  T  I,  the  chapter  elefted  only  liich  for  their 
archbiihops  as  were  of  princely  families. 
In  1644,  the  Swedes  made  themfelves' mas- 
ters of  Bremen  ;  but  at  the  peace  of  Weft- 
phaliii,  in  1648,  returned  it  as  a  dutchy  and 
£efof  the  emiiire.  In  1675,  the  Duke  of 
Brunfwick  and  Luncburg,  in  conjunction 
^vith  the  bifliop  of  Munfter  and  fome  Danifli 
forces,  overrun  this  dutchy  as  far  as  Stade, 
■whicV-laft  place  was  taken  the  follov/ing 
year  by  the  Luncburg  troops.  During  the 
northern  y,  ar,  the  Danes,  in  1712,  reduced 
the  dutchics  of  B|remcB  and  Verden  ;  and  in 
1615,  King  Frederick  IV.  transferred  them 
to  the  Eledor  of  Brunfwick,  in  lieu  of  the 
funi  of  7co,cco  rix-doilars.  In  1719,  by 
the  peace  of  Stockholm,  they  were  ceded 
by  the  crown  of  Sweden  for  ever  to  the  Elec- 
tor of  Brunfwick,  together  with  all  their 
rights  and  appurtenances;  but  ''ir  this  rcnun- 
ciati.\  the  Elc^or  of  Brunfwick  puid  Swe- 
den a  million  of  rix-dollars.  It  was  the 
year  i7.;2,  before  the  Elcftor  obtained  the 
Emperor's  inveif  iturc  f>ir  Bremen  and  Ver- 
deli.    The  Elcclor  oi  Biunfv.ick,  as  duke 


B  R  E 

of  Bremen,  is  poflefled  in  the  college  of 
princes  of  the  fixth  feat  on  the  bench  of 
temporal  princes,  and  in  the  diet  of  Lower 
Saxony,  exelufive  of  the  vote,  is  alternately 
dir.:(5tor  with  Magdeburg.  The  afTeninent 
of  the  dutchy  to  a  Roman  month  is  24  horfe, 
and  100  foot,  or  688  florins,  which  is  alii> 
its  contingent  to  thematricula  of  the  circle  j 
and  to  the  chamber  at  Wetzlaar  it  pays  108 
rix-dollars,  za  kraitzers  and  a  half.  In  the 
whole  dutchy  are  but  two  cities,  and  thrpe 
places  enjoying  the  rights  of  towns,  though 
it  has  other  large  villages  which  go  under 
that  name.  The  eftablillied  religion  is  Lu- 
theranifm.  In  the  country  are  106  churches, 
with  123  paftors,  which  are  divided  into 
one  fuperintendancy,  under  the  direction  of 
three  prtepojitors,  bat  are  not  annexed  to- 
any  particular  parlfh.  In  the  towns aje  five 
churches,  narjiely,  the  cathedral  at  Bremen, 
having  four  paftors  ;  tliree  churches  at  Stade, 
under  fix  paftors,  and  a  chaplain  to  the  gar^ 
rifon  ;  with  one  at  Buxtehude,  having  three 
paftors.  Thus,  in  the  whole  dutchy,  are, 
III  Lutheran  churches,  and  137  paftors. 
The  fupreme  infpe6>ion  of  churches  of  this 
dutchy,  and  the  principality  of  Verden,  is 
veiled  in  a  general  fuperintendant.  The 
Calvinifts  in  the  dutchy  of  Bremen  form 
feven  congregations,  and  have  a  like  num- 
ber of  paftors.  Exelufive  of  the  making  of 
cordage  and  linen,  the  only  manufadures 
are  thofe  of  cloth,  flannel,  kerfeys,  and  other 
woollen  fluffs.  The  principal  rivers,  beiidesi 
the  Elbe  and  the  Wefer,  are  the  Ofte,  the 
Schwinge,thc  Aue,  the  Luhe,  andtheLehe. 
Breiiieri,  an  imperial  city  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  of  Lower  Saxony,  and  capital  of 
a  dutchy  of  the  lame  name.  This  city  lies 
on  the  Wefer,  by  which  it  is  divided  into 
the  old  and  new.  Both  thcfe  are  joined 
by  a  large  bridge,  and  another  fmaller  one 
over  a  little  branch  of  the  fame  river.  Its 
fortifications  are  pretty  good.  In  1744,  all 
the  buildings  and  inhabitants  here  were  num-. 
bered,  and  in  the  old  and  new  towii 
(exelufive  of  the  iiiburbs)  were  counted 
4778  inhabited  houfes,  and  10,223  inhabit 
tants,  befides  children  and  fervants.  The 
old  town,  which  is  the  largeft  and  mpfl 
populous,  is  divided  into  four  pariflies  or 
quarters.  In  this  part  alfb  ftands  the  cathe- 
dral. This  church  is  frecjucnted  by  the  Lu- 
therans, and  under  its  choir  is  the  Bleykeller, 
or  lead  cellar,  remarkable  for  undecayed 
corples.  The  Calvinifts  is  the  eflablifhed 
religion,  the  whole  body  of  the  corporation 
being  of  that  perfiialion  ;  though  the  number 
of  Lutherans  is  thought  to  C(jual  the  Cal- 
vinifts. The  corporation  is  compofed  of 
4  burgheimafters,  and  24  counlellors  or 
aldermen ;  the  garrifon  coniifts  of  about 
600  men.  Here  are  fevcral  manufac'fures, 
e.xcluflve  of  a  vci  y  confidcrablc  trade,  and 


B  R  E 

Bremen  ftill  bears  the  title  of  a  Ilanfe  town. 
This  city  was  anciently  the  Ice  of  a  biihop- 
ric,  and  afterwards  of  tiie  archbifliopric  of 
that  name;  but  fo  early  as  the  ijitli  century, 
frequent  dii'putcs  aroli;  between  it  and  tlie 
bifhops  and  chapter.  In  1640,  Bremen 
was  rummoncd  to  the  diet,  and  allowed  a 
feat  and  vote  on  the  RhcniOi  bench,  in  the 
college  of  imperial  cities,  where  it  ranks  the 
eighth.  In  164S,  at  the  peace  of  Weltpha- 
lia,  both  the  city,  its  dependencies,  and  vaf- 
i'als,  were  conlirmed  in  their  Ifatc,  freedom, 
rights,  and  privileges,  as  well  eccleiiallical  as 
civil.  In  1757,  the  French  got  poirellion  of 
the  city,  but  in  1758,  haftily  quitted  it,  and 
were  fucceeded  by  a  body  of  Hanoverians. 
Its  matricular  afleffinent  is  330  florins,  and 
its  contingent  to  the  chamber  at  Wetzlaar 
148  rix-dollars,  67^  kruitzers.  54  ni.  S\V. 
Hamburg.    Long.  8. 50.  E.  Lat.  $1.  6.  N. 

Breinerfcrd,  or  Bi\'?nei-joyde,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  the  dutchy  of  Bremen,  defended 
by  a  caftle.  Here  was  formerly  a  palace  of 
the  archbiihop  of  Bremen.  The  chancery 
of  the  dutchy  is  kept  here.  .;o  m.  N.  Bremen, 
10 SW.  Stade.  Long. 9.3. E.  Lat.!, 2,.  29.  N. 

Bremersford,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Culmbach.  a  miles  SSE. 
BurgBarnheim. 

Breff!garL't!,z  town  of  Swiflerland,  and 
one  of  the  free  inferior  bailiwics  ;  it  fufFered 
very  much  in  the  civil  wars  between  the 
the  cantons;  and  in  1712,  came  under  the 
dominion  of  Zurich,  Berne,  and  Claris. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Roman  Catho- 
lics. II  miles  W.  Zurich,  20  N.Lucerne. 
Lo?ig.  8.  II.  E.  Lat.  47.  16.  N. 

Bi\'?niSi  a  town  of  Swiiicrland,  in  the 
Valais.    4  miles  ESE.  Sion. 

Brenw,  a  ihiall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Both- 
nia, near  the  coaft  of  Sweden.  Lat.  62.  8.N. 

Breniont  la  Motte,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  Puy-de-D6me.  10  miles 
Clermont. 

Breins,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Sarre,  near  Sarre-Libre. 

BrenchLs,'!  tov/nihip  of  England,  in  Kent, 
with  1854  inhabitants.  lom.  SE.Tunbridge. 

Brenckhai'J'fn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  of  Weftphdia,  belonging  to  the 
abbey  of  Corvey.     4  miles  NW.  Corvey. 

Brend'Ja,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Vicentin. 
7  miles  SW.  Vicenza. 

Bremtsi  {Les,)  a  village  and  mayoralty 
of  Swiflerland,  in  the  principality  of  Neuf- 
chatel,  containing  about  iccc  inhabitants. 
10  miles  NVV.  Neufchatel. 

Brenne,  before  the  revolution,  a  fmall 
country  of  France,  now  part  of  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Indre. 

Brenner,  or  Bre7ine7-herg,  mountains-  of 
the  Tyrolefe,  between  Infpruck  and  Stor- 
zing,  over  which  the  high  road  continues  iz 
m.  in  length.    They  ^rc  a  part  oith;  Alp*. 


ERE 

Brcnying,  a  river  of  South-Wales,  which 
joins  the  Tyvy,  near  Tregaren,  in  Curdi- 
ganfhire. 

Brcnnitz,  a  liver  of  Silelia,  wh.ich  runs 
into  the  Oder,  4  miles  below  Appe'n. 

Breno,  or  Brcc,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  tlie  de- 
partment of  the  Adda  and  Oglio,  on  the 
Ogllo.  32  miles  N.  Brefcia,  25.  S.  Bormio. 
Long.  ID.  14.  E,  Lat.  56.  3.  N. 

Brenod,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ain.     5  miles  S.  Nantau. 
_  Brcnschen,   a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle   of  the  Lov/cr  Rhine.      7  miles  3. 
Miltenberg. 

Brent,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs 
into  the  Thames  at  Brentford  in  Middlefex. 

Brent,  or  Benfe,  an  illand  on  the  coaft  of 
Africa,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Sierra 
Leona. 

Brent,  or  South  Brent,  a  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Dc^on,  fituatcd  in  a  valley 
furroundcd  with  hills.  16  miles  E.  Ply- 
mouth, 200  W.Londcn. 

Brent,  a  town  of  Virginia.  6  miles  S. 
Dumfries. 

^/v«/,atown  of  Germany,  inthebifliopric 
of  Wurzburg.     2  m.  VV.  Neufladt  am  Saal. 

Brenta,  a  river  which  rifes  in  the  county 
of  Tyrol,  about  7  miles  E.  fromTrcnt,  pafFes 
by  Padua,  and  runs  into  the  Adriatic  a  little 
to  the  fouth  of  Venice. 

Brentello,  a  tov/n  of  Italy,  in  the  Paduan. 
5  miles  NNW.  Padua. 

Brentford,  (Ne-voJ  a  town  of  England, 
in  die  county  of  Middlefex,  fituated  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  river  Thames  ;  fo  called 
from  the  river  Brent,  which  crofles  it  at  the 
weft  end.  It  is  a  place  of  great  trade, 
which  is  much  affifted  by  the  vicinity  of  the 
river;  market-boats  goevery  tide  to  London. 
The  bufinefs  of  diftilHng  is  very  krge,  as 
well  as  brick  making,  making,  and  mealing. 
Members  of  Parliament  for  the  county  of 
Middlefex  are  elefted  in  this  town.  In  the 
year  1016,  Edmund  Ironfide  attacked  and 
defeated  the  Danes  under  Canute,  and  com- 
pelled them  to  fly  to  Staines  ;  and  in  1642, 
Charles  I.  after  the  battle  ofEdgehill,  drove 
tv.'o  regiments  of  the  enemy  from  hence, 
with  the  lufs  of  their  general  and  jco  men. 
I'he  market  is  held  on  Tueldays,  for  corn 
and  provifions.  Near  it  is  Sion-Houi'c,  for- 
merly a  celebrated  nunnery,  one  of  the  firfl 
fupprefled  by  Henry  VIII.  whofe  revenues 
amounted  to  1944I.  J2S.  a  year.  The  feat 
was  afterwards  granted  by  Edward  VI.  to 
his  uncle  tlie  Duke  of  Somerfet.  It  is  now 
the  feat  of  the  Duke  of  Northumberland. 
7  miles  W.  London. 

Brentford,  a  town  of  the  flate  of  Connec- 
ticut.   ^  miles  W.  Newhaven. 

Brentinego,  a  tov/n  of  the  county  of  Ty- 
rol.    12  nmes  SSW.  Trent. 

Brer.ti'.'isd,  ax  Bunit'wc/id,  a  town  of 


B  R  E 


B  R  E 


EngT;ind,  in  the  county  of  EfTex,  in  the  .road 
fom  London  to  Colchefter  and  Harwich; 
and  containinaj  about  looo  inhabitants.  23 
mile?  W.  Colchcfter,  i8  E.  London. 

Brefitz,  or  Brenz^  a  river  of  Germany, 
vhich  rifes  in  Wurtembcrg,  and  runs  into 
the  Danube  2  miles  E.  Gundelfingen. 

Brcntz,  or  BreJiz,  ?\.  town  of  Wurtem- 
bcrg, on  the  river  Brentz.  3  miles  WNW. 
Gundelfingen,  13  NE.Ulm. 

Brenzighofin,  a  town  of  Swifferland,  in 
the  canton  of  Berne.     10  miles  SE.  Berne. 

Brefar,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaflern  In- 
dian fea,  near  the  weftcrn  coaft  of  Sumatra. 
Long.  100.  4.  E.  Lat.  1.17.  S. 

Brefca-,  a  town  on  the  fouth-eaft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Veglia,  containing  about  200 
inhabitants. 

Brfc'r,  a  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  de- 
f,."rtn)cnt  of  the  Mela,  heretofore  capital  of 
the  BrtfTan,  fituated  in  a  beautiful  plain 
on  the  river  Garza ;  the  rivers  Mela  and 
Kavilo  likewife  paffmg  near  it.  It  was  built 
hy  Brennus,  after  which  it  became  a  Roman 
colony;  it  fufFered  exceedingly  during  the 
revolutions  oi  Italy;  and  it  is  obferved,  that 
in  the  courfe  of  28  years  it  changed  matters 
feven  times.  The  inhabitants  are  induftrious, 
and  carry  on  feveral  flourifliing  manufac- 
tures. The  fire-arms  made  here  are  parti- 
cularly celebrated.  The  public  palace  is 
remarkable  for  the  beauty  of  the  architec- 
ture, and  the  paintings  in  frefco  ;  it  was 
built  with  part  of  the  ruins  of  a  temple  of 
Yulcan.  In  the  cathedral  is  fliewn  the 
ftandard  of  Conftantine;  this  and  feveral 
of  the  churches  are  adorned  with  beautiful 
ftatues  and  paintings.  The  magiftracy 
conlilh  of  60c  citizens,  which  are  divided 
into  many  inferior  councils,  with  a  noble 
Venetian,  who  prelides  in  quality  of  a  gover- 
nor, or  padeflat.  It  is  the  fee  of  a  biiliop, 
fuffragan  of  Milan,  and  contains  11  pariih 
churciics,  and  30  convents,  and  above 
5o,oco  inhabitants.  In  1796,  it  was  taken 
by  the  French  ;  and  in  1799,  it  was  taken 
by  the  Auilrians  and  Ruiiians,  when  the 
French  garrifon  furrendered  j^rifoners  of 
war.  32  miles  NW.  Mantua,  43  E.  Mikin. 
LoTig.  10.  17.  £.  Lat.  45.  31.  N. 
Brefcllo,  ice  Berfello. 
Brejiiis,  o\-  B re/on s,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
At'aiitic,  near  the  SW.  coall  of  England,  a 
little  to  the  SW.  of  Cape  Cornwall. 

Brcjl,  or  BrrJ'car,  -.\  town  of  Algiers,  (itu- 
atcd  on  the  fv'a  coafl,  at  the  bottom  of  a 
bay  in  the  Mediterranean.  <;o  miles  WSW. 
Algiers.  Long.  2.  3c. E.  Lat.  36.  5c.  N. 
J>it'Jkeiis,-AU'>\.-n  of  Flanders,  in  ihe  illand 
of  Cadlimd.     10  miles  N.  Skiys. 

Jiii'JIdH,  or  li^ralijlijii,  a  principality  of 
Silefia,  bounded  on  tlie  north  and  north-eaft 
by  the  principality  of  Qels,  on  the  fourh-eaft 
by  tlic  iprir.cipality  of  iJiiii],.  on  the  louth 


and  fouth-wcftby  the  principalities  of  Brieg 
and  Schweidnitz,  and  on  the  weft  by  the 
principalities  of  Lignitz  and  Wolau.  The 
form  is  a  long  fquare,  about  twenty-five 
miles  long,  and  fixteen  broad.  The  country 
is  very  flat  and  level,  and  the  parts  near  the 
rivers  fwampy.  The  country  in  general 
produces  excellent  corn  and  madder,  and 
feeds  a  great  number  of  large  cow  cattle. 
On  the  divifion  of  Silefia  among  the  fons  of 
Wladiflau  II.  king  of  Poland,  Breflau  came 
to  Boleflaus  Altus  ;  on  a  difpute  among  his 
llicceflbrs,  one  of  them  implored  the  aflift- 
ance  of  John  king  of  Bohemia,  and  pro- 
mifed  him  the  fucceflion,  if  he  died  without 
heirs;  John  fucceeded,  and  in  1337  gnrntcd 
the  governmeot  of  the  country  to  the  city  of 
Breflau  ;  and  in  1505,  Wladiflau  transferred 
the  judicature  of  the  whole  principality  to 
the  fame,  and  the  firfl  magiftrate  was  gover- 
nor till  the  year  1635,  when  the  Emperor 
Ferdinand  III.  obliged  the  city  to  furrender 
up  the  government  and  judicature,  with  all 
other  rights,  and  referved  the  difpofal  of  all 
oflices  to  himfelf :  in  which  ftate  it  conti- 
nued till  it  was  united  to  Pruflia.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Breflau,  Neumarkt,  Canth, 
Namflau,  and  Reichtal.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Oder,  the  Loh,  the  Ohlau,  and  the 
Schweidnitz. 

Breflau,  the  capital  of  a  principality  to 
which  it  gives  name,  and  all  the  dutchy  of 
Silefia ;  and  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  fuffragan  of 
the  archbifliop  of  Gnefna  ;  fituated  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  the  Oder,  with  the  Ohlau  run- 
ning through  it.  The  town  was  deftroyed 
by  the  Tartars  in  the  year  1241,  and  rebuilt 
where  it  now  ftands.  )t  was  furrounded  with 
walls  in  1529.  Taking  the  whole  of  the 
town,  New  and  Old,  with  the  fauxbourgs, 
it  is  faid  to  be  two  German  miles  in  length. 
The  Roman-Catholics  have  feveral  churches 
and  convents.  The  Lutherans  have  feven 
churches  within  the  wails,  and  two  without. 
It  holds  the  thiid  rank  among  the  Pruflian 
cities,  that  is  to  fay,  next  to  Berlin  and  Ko- 
nigfl-ierg.  The  magilbacy  is  Lutheran,  and 
confifts  of  a  town  court,  and  a  council :  its 
conliftory  likewife  is  Lutheran.  This  city 
is  at  prefent  the  centre  of  all  the  trade  of 
Silefia,  and  carries  on  divers  manufaftures. 
It  was  in  the  year  1741,  that  it  fell  under  the 
the  PrulTian  government.  In  1757,  a  fmaJl 
Pruflian  army,  under  the  command  of  Duke 
Auguffus  William,  of  Brunfwick  Bevern,  for- 
tified itfelf  in  this  neighbourhood,  and  being 
attacked  on  the  izd  of  November  by  the 
Auftrian  forces,  rr.ade  amoff  vigorous  refift- 
ancetill  evening:  but  in  the  nightquitted  their 
camp,  and  again  croflcd  the  Oder,  on  which 
the  city  furrendered  to  the  Auffrians.  On 
the  2cth  of  December,  howcvor,  it  was  re- 
taken by  the  King  of  PruOia,  and  the  Auf- 
Uiun  gan'iibn,  wiiich  auaountcJ  t-jnciir  i8,ood 


B  R  E 


B  R  E 


men,  made  prifoners  of  w.ar.  In  the  l;ift 
fiege  divers  of  its  churches  were  damaged, 
and  St.  Mary  Magdalen's  library  demoliihcd 
by  the  falling  of  a  bomb.  I'he  greater  part 
likewife  of  the  fuburbs  fuffered  extremely, 
and  part  entirely  burnt  down.  130  miles  E. 
Drefden.    Long.  17.  ;,.  E.  Lai.  51.6.  N. 

Brcjle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Oife.     7  miles  SE.  Bcauvais. 

Bre/le,  a  river  of  France,  which  rifcs  near 
yVumale,  and  feparatcsthe  department  of  the 
Somme  from  the  department  of  the  Eure, 
till  it  falls  into  the  fea  atTreport. 

Bn'fnitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Saatz.  za  miles  NW.  Saatz.  Long. 
I,;.  9.E.  Zrt^.  50.  26.N. 

Brejfaijy  a  late  country  of  Italy,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  county  of  Bormio,  on  the 
north-eaflby  the  Trentin,  on  the  eaft  by  the 
Veronefe,  on  the  fouth  by  the  Mantuan  and 
Cremonefe,  and  on  the  wefl  by  the  Berga- 
mafco.  The  lake  Garda  divides  it  from  the 
Veronefe;  and  the  lake  Ifeo,  in  a  great  mea- 
fure,  from  the  Bergamafco.  The  country 
is  mountainous,  but  by  the  care  and  induftry 
of  the  people,  is  rendered  exceeding  fertile. 
They  wind  a  great  deal  of  iilk  ;  th^y  make 
oil  from  the  ftones  of  their  grapes:  fome 
of  thefe  grapes  are  kept  till  February,  when 
they  are  preffed,  and  make  wine  :  there  are 
manufadures  of  iron,  liik,  paper,  &c.  The 
air  is  wholefome,  and  the  country  populous. 
It  became  a  province  of  the  Venetian  ftates 
in  15 17.  Brefl'an  is  now  divided  into  two 
departments  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  viz. 
that  of  the  Media  and  the  Bcnaco.  Brefcia 
is  the  capital.  The  principal  rivers  are  the 
Adda  and  the  Oglio. 

BreJJhy.,  or  Braffa,  one  of  the  Shetland 
iflands  of  Scotland,  about  four  miles  long, 
and  two  broad,  feparated  from  the  main 
land  of  Shetland  by  a  narrow  fea,  called 
lirefiiiy  Sound,  one  of  the  bell  harbours  in 
the  world,  fo  that  a  thoufand  fail  of  lliips 
may  ride  at  the  fame  time.  Here  the  Dutch 
vefTels,  employed  in  the  herring  fifhery,  af- 
femble  about  the  middle  of  June.  The  in- 
habitants of  Breday  fit  out  about  twentv-lix 
large  iilliing-boats.  The  mountains  yield 
peat  for  firing,  and  flate  for  building.  Long. 
I.  12.  W.  Lat.  60.  14.  N. 

BtrJ/l',  before  the  revolution,  a  country  of 
France,  in  the  province  of  Burgundy,  bor- 
dered on  the  ealt  by  Savoy,  on  tiie  fouth  by 
Viennois,  on  the  well:  by  Lyonnois  and 
Dombes,  and  on  the  north  by  Franche 
Comptc.     Bourg  was  the  capital. 

Brejfmre.,  a  tov/n  of  France,  and  feat  of  a 
tribunal,  in  the  department  of  the  Two  Sevres. 
30  miles  N.  Niort,  15  NNW.  Paitenay. 
Long.o.  25.  W.  Lai.  46.  51.  N. 

Brcjl,  a  leaport  town  of  France,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  diftriiSt,  in  the  department 
of  Fiiiifterre,  with  one  of  the  belt  huibours 


in  France,  and  a  fafe  road  capable  of  con- 
taining ijco  men  of  war,  in  eight,  ten,  and 
fifteen  fatlioms  at  lov/  water.  The  coaft  on 
both  fides  is  well  fortified.  The  entrance 
is  narrov/  and  difficult,  with  covered  rocks, 
that  make  it  dangerous  to  thofe  not  well  ac- 
quainted with  it.  It  contains  two  pariihes, 
and  a  marine  feminary.  The  arfcnal  is  an 
immcnfe  and  fuperb  building,  and  the  dock- 
yards well  conltrudcd.  It  is  the  feat  of  a 
govjrnor,  of  an  admiralty  board,  and  a  mu- 
nicipality. In  the  year  1694,  a  detachment 
of  the  Englidi  fleet  was  fent  to  feize  on 
Bred,  but,  after  an  unllicceisful  attempt  to 
land  in  Camaret  Bay,  they  were  compelled 
to  give  up  the  enterptife,  after  having"  loft 
700  men,  and  General  Tollemache,  who 
died  in  confequence  of  a  wound  in  his  thigh. 
2 J  poitsNW.  Vannes,  69-^  W.Paris.  Long, 
4.  24.  W.  Lat.  46.  51.  N. 

Brejiice-i  fee  Brjljlz. 

Brefag;.'f,  or  Brltany,  before  the  revolu- 
tion, a  conliderable  province  of  France, 
bounded  on  the  north,  wefr,  and  fouth  by 
the  fea,  and  on  the  ealt  by  Maine  and  An- 
jou.  The  climate  is  temperate,  and  the  foil 
unequal;  in  fome  places  covered  with  wood; 
in  others  the  inhabitants  cultivate  wheat, 
hemp,  flax,  &c.  Numerous  herds  of  cat- 
tle are  bred  and  fatted  in  the  paftures:  game 
and  lifli  are  plentiful,  cider  is  the  common 
drink  of  the  inh.-.bitants.  There  are  fbme 
medicinal  fprings;  and  mines  of  iron,  lead, 
and  coal.  The  inhabitants  are  reckoned 
brave  and  excellent  feamen.  By  the  new 
divifion,  Bretagne  forms  the  depaitments  of 
Finifrerre,  the  North  Coalfs,  the  Ille  and 
Vilaine,  Morbihan,  and  Lower  Loire. 

Bretcken,  or  Gratkani,  a  town  of  Pruflia, 
in  tlie  territory  of  Culm,     48  m.E.  Culm. 

BretenoiLX,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot.  4  miles  NNW.  St. 
Cere. 

Bretcuil,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diiirift,  in  the  department  of  the 
Oife.  3^  pofts  S.  Amiens,  12  N.  Paris. 
Long.  2.  ■23.  E.  Lat.Aj^.  38.  N. 

BietcuU,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure.  15  miles  SSW.  Ev- 
reux,  7  N.  Verneuil. 

Brctkehn.  a  town  of  Germany.  7  miles 
SSW.  Rothenburg. 

Brct:gT.-j,  a  village  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure  and  Loire,  remarka- 
ble for  a  treaty  of  peace  between  the  French 
and  Englilh,  by  which  John  lang  of  France 
obtained  his  freedom,  which  he  loH  at  the 
battle  of  Poidiers.     3  miles  Chartres. 

Breton,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs 
into  the  Stour,  near  Hadkigh  in  Suffolk. 

Bicil,!i  river  of  England,  which  joins  the 
Ellex  Stour,  near  Neyiand. 

Brrltach,  a  river  of  Wurtembcrg,  which 
runs  into  the  ivocher,  at  Neuibdt. 


B  R  E 


B  R  I 


Bretfen,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Dalecarlia,  at  the  wcf^vrn  extremity 
of  the  lake  Vener  ;  now  d-'folate,  ihc  inha- 
bitants having,  bv  command  of  .the  king, 
been  removed  to  Wenerfberg. 

Brdtcv.i  or  Eretbeiiii.,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  palatinate  of  the  Rhine,  where  Ro- 
man CathoUcs,  Lutherans,  and  Calviniirs,  all 
attend  divine  Vv'orihip  in  the  fame  church. 
In  November  1799,  the  French  were  de- 
feated here  by  the  Auftrians.  In  1803, 
Brerten,  with  its  bailiwick,  was  among  the 
indemnities  g'ven  totheMarggraveof  Baden. 
ai  miles  S.  Heidelberg,  18  SE.  Spire. 

Brettexule,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Calvados.  10  miles  NNW. 
Falalfe,  8  S.  Caen. 

Brettcvil'e  I'  Orgiie!l!eitj£-,'Movjn  of  France, 
in  the  department  et  the  Calvados.  6  miles 
.WNVV.  Caen,  7SE.Bayeux. 
Bre^zeiikehn^  fee  Brcitzenhehu. 
Breval,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment.of  the  Seine  and  Oife.  3  miles  SW. 
IMantes. 

Brevard,  a  tcwn  of  North-Carolina.  25 
miles  N\V.  Salifbury. 

Brevajine,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Manie.  6  miles  S. 
Bourmont. 

Breuherg,  a  town  and  ftrong  mountain 

ci^tadcl   of  Germany,   in  the   bifhopric   of 

Wertheim,  on  the  Mumbling.    In  1675,  the 

aqueducts  which  fupplied  the  citadel  with 

water,  were  deftrovedby  Marlhal  Turenne. 

S2  m.NW.Wertheim,8  SSW.Afchaffenburg. 

Brev'uie,  a  town    of  SwifTerland,  in  the 

county  of  Neufchatcl.  \%  m.  W.  Neufchatel. 

Brjvoordt,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Holland, 

in  the  county  of  Zutphen,  furrounded  by 

marfhes ;  Maurice  prince  of  Orange   took 

it  by  affault  in  the  year  1597.     zi  mdes  SE. 

Zutphen,  30  E.  Arnheim. 

Brt'iu,  fee  Brae. 

Breyjer^s  Lagoon,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of 
Honduras.  Long.  84.40.  W.  Z.^/.i5.48.N. 
Brenxjood,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Stafford,  with  a  weekly  market  on 
Tuelday;  in  1801,  it  contained  2867  inha- 
bitants. 7  miles  N.  Wolverhampton,  ixo 
NVV.  London. 

Bre':-:Jhr's  Drocgte,  a  rocky  iflet  -at  the 
caflcrn  entrance  of  the  ihaiis  of  Suiida. 
Long.  107.  E.  Lat.  s-24.  S. 
Brcvjton,  Ice  Bruton. 
Brcy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Roer,  on  the  river  Necr.  29  miles  N. 
Liege. 

Brenandy,  a  river  of  South-Wales,  which 
runs  into  the  Clethy,  near  Lanckeven,  in 
Pcmbrokefhirc. 

Brcp-eldrc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
part iient  cf  the  Scheldt.  8  miles  S.  AlolL 
Brnfuh,  fee  Brif.ch. 
Brc'ze,  H  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 


ment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.    8  miles  Ss 
Saumur. 

BrczcUes,  or  Brejfollfs,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Eure  and  Loire.  9 
miles  NW.  Chateauneuf,  4  W.  Dreux. 

Briadeti,  a  tow  n  of  Syria.  100  miles  NNE. 
Damafcus. 

BriaticoHy  a  town  of  France,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  diftrift,  in  the  department  of 
the  Higher  Alps,  htuatcd  on  the  Durance,- 
furrounded  with  rocks  and-  mountains,  and 
defended  bv  forts  and  redoubts.  56  miles 
NNE.  Gap^  8  N.  Embrun.  Lo?ig.  6.  43.  E. 
Lat.  44.  54.  N. 

Brianejonfiet.,  a  fortrefs  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Mont  Blanc,  near  the  town  of 
Mouffiers,  fituated  on  a  rock,  inacceffible 
every  way,  except  by  the  fide  of  a  river, 
where  it  is  afcended  by  two  or  three  hun- 
dred fleps.  It  was  taken  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  IV.  by  the  Duke  of  Lefdiguires.  The 
common  palTage  from  the  Savoy  to  the  Ta- 
rentaife  and  Italy  is  by  this  fortrefs. 

Briajigcnnois,  before  the  revolution,  a 
country  of  France,  in  Dauphiny,  about  36 
miles  long  and  18  wide,  fituated  among  the 
Alps.  The  air  is  cold  in  winter,  and  warm 
in  fummer.  The  inhabitants  are  fober, 
atSlive,  and  induftrious;  they  cultivate  feme 
\vheat  and  fruit,  and  feed  numbers  of  Iheep  : 
they  gather  manna  from  the  trees,  and  niake 
fome  wine.  They  were  known  to  the  Ro- 
mans under  the  name  of  Brigantines.  It  now 
forms  fome  part  of  the  department  of  the- 
Lower  Alps. 

Brianjk,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Orlov,  on  the  Defna.  60  m.  WNW. 
Orel,  440  SSE.  Peterfburg. 

Bruuiza,  mountains  of  Italy,  near  the 
lake  of  Como,  in  the  Milanefe. 

Briarc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loiret,  on  the  Loire,  contain- 
ing about  i  coo  inhabitants ;  celebrated  for 
a  canal,  which  from  hence  forms  a  commu- 
nication between  the  Loire  and  the  Seine.  6 
miles  SE.  Gien. 

Briar's  Creek,  a  river  of  America,  in 
Georgia,  which  runs  into  the  Savanna,  46 
miles  Eclow  Auguft.  In  1779,  ^  P^''^  of  the 
American  army  was  furprifed  on  this  river 
by  the  BritiHi,  and  entirely  routed,  with  the 
lofs  of  400  men  killed  or  taken  ;  the  whole 
of  their  artillery,  their  flores,  baggage,  and 
molt  of  their  arms  were  taken. 
Brirg,  fee  Brcg. 

Briajla,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Moldavia.  76  miles  E.  Jaili,  25  NW.  Bender. 
Briatcxh',  a.  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tarn,  and  dillrict  of  Lavaur. 
4  miles  NE.  Lavaur. 

Briatico,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     II  miles  NE.Nicotera. 

Bribckou,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  gold 
coiiil. 


B  R  I 


R  R  I 


Bricher.ifco,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Po.     3  m,  SSW.  Pipnerolo. 

Brick,  a  liver  of  Ireland,  in  the  county  of 
Kerry,  which  runs  into  the  Calhin,  lo  miles 
N.  Tralee. 

Brickv,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs  into 
the  bay  of  Dungan-an,  in  the  county  of  \Va- 
teiford. 

Briccn,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dcp.irt- 
ment  of  the  Upper  ^larne.  7  miles  W,. 
.Chamont. 

Briczani,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Moldavia.  30  miles  SE.  Chokzim,  80  N. 
Jaily. 

Bride,  a  river  oflreland,  which  runs  into 
the  Blackwater  river,  abuut  five  miles  eaft 
from  Tallow,  in  the  county  of  Waterfjrd. 

Bi  iJgc,  a  tov/n  of  Maryland,  on  the  Chop- 
tank.     17  miles  E   Queen's  Town. 

Bvid^c?id,  a  town  or  South  Wale?,  in  the 
county  or  Glamorgan,  fituated  on  the  river 
Ogmore.  The  foil  near  it  is  exceedingly 
fertile  and  well  cultivated,  a  woollen  manu- 
la(fture  is  fet  on  foot,  under  the  patronage 
and  protcflion  of  the  fociccy  inftituted  for 
the  promotion  of  agriculture,  manufactures, 
&C.  It  has  a  good  weekly  market  on  Satur- 
days, "("he  tov/n  is  populous,  and  in  a  llate 
cf  improvement.  20  miles  W.  Cardiff,  i8i 
W.  London. 

Brid^^ford,  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  ofNottingham,  fupp.ofed  by  fome  to 
be  on  the  ^ite  of  the  ancient  Margidunum* 
10  miles  EN£.  Nottingham. 

Brid^i  Hampton,  a  town  of  New  York, 
fituated  in  Longlfland. 

Bridgi'K'.rth,  a  town  of  England,  in  tht 
county  of  Salop,  fituated  on  the  Severn,  firil 
built  by  Ethclfreda,  lady  of  the  Mercians. 
It  is  a  large  market  and  borough  town,  fend- 
ing two  members  to  parliament:,  and  confifts 
of  two  towns,  feparated  by  the  Severn,  but 
united  by  a  f^onc  bridge  of  ei;.^ht  arches, 
with  a  gate.  The  Upper  Town  is  fituated 
on  a  hill,  or  reck  of  red  fand,  in  which  the 
cellars  and  many  mean  houf'.s  are  hewn. 
It  has  been  walled,  and  twn  of  thegatesre- 
main  at  the  ends  of  the  High-itreet.  The 
part  without  South-gate  belonged  to  the 
caflle,  which  was  n\ore  in  compals  than  the 
third  of  the  tov/n.  Within  its  precinits 
•was  the  collegiate  church  of  St.  Mary  Mag- 
dalen, called  the  Low  Church,  which  being 
the  magazine  for  the  garrifon,  was  fo  much 
injured  in  the  civil  wars,  that  it  v/as  obliged 
to  be  rebuilt.  The  rcyaliffs  marched  hither 
from  Shrewfbury,  to  meet  the  parlianient's 
troops  :  an  engagement  happened  ;  the  for- 
mer were  defeated,  and  the  caflle  demoiiihed. 
PvObertdcBeletir.e  e-irl  of  Shrewfbury  walled 
it  rount!,  and  trulf ing  to  the  natural  ifr^ngih 
o^  the  place,  rev(jlted  from  Henry  I.  as  did 
ktterwards  Roger  Mortimer  from  Henry  II. 
bat  both  with  ill  fuccti'V,  being  obliged  to 

Vo!..  !.  A  a 


furrender  and  make  their  fubmilTion.  At 
the  liege  oFtnis  place,  Henry  II.  was  aimed 
at  with  an  aiTOv/,  and  would  have  been 
killed,  had  not  Hubert  dc  St.  Clare,  a  noble- 
man devoted  to  the  king's  interefls,  inter- 
poflna;,  mcrboth  the  arrow  and  death  for 
his  prince.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants was  4.ioS,  of  whom3Go6  wereemploved 
in  trade  and  manufiiffuics.  21  miles  ESE. 
Shrev/fbury,  139  NW.  London.  L,ong.  %.  ■ 
30.  W.  Lat.  52.  38.  N. 

Bridge!  Tor:?!,  the  capital  of  Barbadocs, 
in  the  Welt-Indii.s,  lying  in  the  foiith-wefl 
part  of  the  ifland,  and  in  the  pariflx  of  St. 
Michael.  It  is  fituated  on  the  innermofl 
part  of  Carlille  Bay,  which  is  large  enough 
to  contain  five  hundred  (hips,  being  four 
miles  in  breadth,  and  three  miles  in  df:pth  ; 
but  the  bottom  is  foul  and  apt  to  cut  the 
cables.  The  neighbouring  grounds  being  low 
fiats,  were  often  overflowed  by  the  fpring- 
tides,  and  are  mufl  of  then)  hnce  diained. 
Thetown  lies  at  the  entrance  of  St.George's- 
valley,  which  runs  feveral  miles  into  the 
country.  It  fuffered  greatly  by  fire,  on  Feb. 
8th,  1756;  May  14th,  1766;  and  Dec.  27th, 
1767,  when  the  greateft  part  of  the  tcv.^n 
was  dell;  oyed ;  before  which  time  it  had 
about  i;oo  houfes,  moflly  brick,  very  ele- 
gant, and  fiid  to  be  the  finetl  and  largefl 
in  all  the  Caribbee  I  Hands,  the  greatefl  part 
of  which  have  been  rebuilt.  It  has  a  college, 
founded  liberally,  and  endowed  by  Colonel 
Codringto^.  Here  are  commodious  wharfs 
for  loading  and  unloading  goods,  with  feme 
forts  and  caftles  for  its  defence ;  but  the 
town  is  f ubjecl  to  hurricanes.  On  the  eaft 
fide  of  the  town  is  a  fmall  fort  of  eight 
guns,  where  thr-  magazines  of  powder  and 
ilores  are  kept  by  a  ftrong  guard.  The 
number  of  militia  for  this  town  and  St.  Mi- 
chad's  fu-ecindt,  is  1200  men.  This  is  the 
leatof  the  governor,  council,  afTembly,  and 
court  of  chancery,  ivcwjj".  58.  38.  W.  Lat, 
13.  10.  N. 

Bridge  To^.vn,  a  town  of  Maryland,  0^ 
Chcfle.r  river.     20  miles  S.  Elkton. 

Bridge  Tcnvn,  a  town  of  United-America, 
and  capital  of  the  county  of  Cumberland, 
in  the  flate  ofNew  Jerfey,  on  the  Cohan?. y 
Creek.  25  miles  S.  Philadelphia,  Lo?ig, 
75.  15W.   Z/r/.39.  31.N. 

Bridge^c~:atir,  a  feaport  tov/n  of  England, 
fituated  near  the  Briftol  Channel,  on  the  river 
Parret,  in  the  county  of  Somcrfet.  The 
town  contains  about  500  houies.  The  houfes 
are  irregular,  but  the  flreets  are  wide  anj 
well  paved.  It  has  a  large  church,  and 
raeeti^g-houfes  for  the  Anahaptiffs  and 
Quakcis.  The  corporation  confifts  of  24 
capital  burgciies,  including  a  mayor  and 
two  aldermen,  whcfe  income  is  very  con- 
liderable.  The  borough  has  alfo  a  recorder, 
who,  Y,;'.-i  the   nj^yc:  :i2d   aldermen,  are 


B  R  I 


B  R  r 


empowered  to  hold  four  feffiohs  every  year 
for  'determining  all  crimes  and  mifdemean- 
©urs,    under    capital    offences,    committed 
within  their  jurifdidion.     The   borough  of 
Bridgewater  was  formerly  the  priv^^te  eftate 
of  William   de   Brewere,   one  of  the  great 
barons  of  King  John,  by  whom  a  charter 
was  given  to  the  faid  William  de  Brewere, 
for  erefting  Bridgewater  into  a  free  borough, 
with  privileges  to  his  tenants  there.    This 
chatter  is  dated  at  Chinon  in  France,  on  the 
26th  of  June,  1200.     It  is  a  borough  town, 
afid  fends  two  members  to  parliament.  The 
caftle  here  was  built  in  the  reign  of  King 
John.     Here  is  a  quay,  called  the  haven  ; 
and  an  iron   bridge  over  the  river  Parret. 
King  Edward  II.  and  Edward  III.  confirmed 
its  charter  of  King  John.   King  Edward  IV. 
and  Queen  Elizabeth,  or,  as  fome  lay,  Henry 
IV.   granted  it    others,   for  changing   the 
bauifP  to  the  mayor,   &c.     The  revenues, 
v.'hich  confilf  of  the  manor  of  the  borough, 
the  great  and  fmall   tithes,   the  manor  of 
Eaft-Stour  in  Dorfetfiiire,  &c.  are  valued  at 
5C00I.  per  annum.     Its  freemen  are  free  in 
all  the  ports   of  England  and   Ireland,  ex- 
cept London  and  Dublin  ;  and  the  fiierift"  of 
the  county  cannot  fend  any  procefs  into  the 
borough,  it   having  been    made  a    dilfinct 
county  by  Henry  VIII.    It  has  a  fpacious 
town-hall,  and  a  high  crofs  with  a  ciftern 
over  it,  to  which  water  is  conveyed  by  an 
engine  from  a  neighbouring  brook,  and  car- 
ried from  thence  to  moft  of  the    ftreets. 
This  town  was  regularly  fortified  in  the  civil 
wars,  and  fuftained  more   than  one    liege. 
The  (ituation  of  it  renders  it  eafy  to  be  for- 
tified, the   river    and    haven    forming   the 
greater  part  of  the  circurater;nce.   The  tide 
rifes,  at  high  water,  near  fix  fathoms,  and 
fometimes  Hows  in  with  fuch  impetuofity, 
that  it  comes  two  fathoms  deep  at  a  time; 
and  wlien  it  does   fo  unawares,    it  occafions 
great  damage  to  (hips,  driving  them  foul  of 
each  other,  and  frequently  ovcrfetting  them. 
This  fuddcn   rage  of  the  tide  is  called  the 
Boar,  and  is  frequent  in  all  the  rivers  of  the 
Channel,   efpecially    in    the    Severn.     It  is 
alfo  known  in  the  north,  particularly  in  the 
Trent  and  the  Oufe,  at  their  entrance  into 
the  Iluniber,  at  Briffol,  and   in  feveral  other 
places.     The  manufadarcs  of  Manchefter, 
Liveii^ool,  Birmingham,  &c.  for  the  internal 
parts  of  Devon  and   Cornwall   are  brought 
to  this  port  in  large  trows,  and  from  hence 
conveyed  in  waggons.    The  duty  paid   at 
the  cul^om-houfo  on   imports    amounts    to 
about  ■z^ool.   a  year.     About  forty  veflels, 
from  thirty  to  a  hundred  ions,  are  employed 
in  bringing  coals  from  Wales  to  this  place, 
and  from  lience   the    nighbourhood  is   fup- 
piiod  at  ;i  moderate  raic.     The  river  is  na- 
vigable   for  large    barges  to   Taunton   and 
Lungport.     About  fix  miles  fouth  of  tlie 


town,  the  rivers  Tone  and  Parret  ma^t 
The  Duke  of  Monmouth  was  proclaimed" 
here  in  the  year  1685,  and  foon  after  de- 
feated in  Sedgemoor.  The  market  is  weekly, 
on  Thurfday,  for  cattle,  cheefe,  corn,  and 
provifions.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants was  3634,  of  whom  986  were  employed 
in  trade  and  manufactures.  44  miles  SVV. 
Briftol,  II  NNE.  Taunton,  I ji7W. London. 
Loii?^.  2.  59.  W.  Lat.  51.  7.  N. 

Bridgeivater,  a  town  ofNewJerfey.  3 
miles  N.  Boundbrook. 

Bridi,  or  Bradi,  a  town  of  the  Arabian 
Irak,  on  a  canal  between  the  Tigris  and  Eu- 
phrates. 30  miles  NE.  Sura. 
Bridlingto?!,  fee  Burlington. 
Bridport,  a  feaport  town  of  England,  in 
the  county  of  Dorfet,  v/ith  a  harbour  in  the 
Englilh  Channel,  capable  of  containing 
about  forty  iail  of  fniall  reffels ;  fituated  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Brit.  The  trade  of  the 
town  is  principally  in  twine,  hats,  and  fail- 
cloth.  It  is  a  corporation  and  a  borough 
town,  fending  two  members  to  parliament: 
the  iituation  of  the  town  is  low."  It  was 
firft  incorporated  by  Henry  VII.  after- 
wards by  Qiieen  Elizabeth,  James  I.  and 
Charles  II.  The  quartcr-feffions  for  the 
county  are  held  here  once  a  year.  In  the 
year  1723,  an  aft  of  parliament  was  pafled 
to  repair  the  harbour  and  piers  of  Bridport, 
which  had  gone  to  decay.  Saturday  is  the 
market-day.  In  1801,  it  contained  3 116 
inhabitants,  and  of  thefe  3C00  were  employed 
in  trade  and  manufaftures.  15  miles  W. 
Dorchefter,  135  W.  London.  Lotig.  2.  51. 
W.  Lai.  50.  41.  N. 

Brie,  before  the  revolution,  a  country  of 
France,  which  was  fituated  partly  in  Cham- 
pagne, and  partly  in  the  Ifle  of  France;  and 
called  from  its  particular  Iituation  Brie 
Champenoife,  and  Brie;  Fran^oife,  or  Brie 
Parifienne.  The  principal  towns  wereMeaux, 
Provins,  and  Chateau  Thierry. 

Brii^  Coniti;  Robert,  a  town  of  France,  i\l 
the  department  of  the  Seine  and  Marne, 
founded  by  Robert  count  of  Dreux.  3^  polls 
SE.  Paris.' 

Briec,  a  town  of  France,  ira  the  depart- 
ment of  Finifterre.  6  miles  NNE.  Quimper, 
6  S3E.  Chateaulin. 

Brieg,  a  principality  of  Silefia,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  principality  of  Oels,  on 
the  north-eall  by  the  principality  of  Ratibor, 
on  the  eafl  by  the  principality  of  Oppeln, 
on  the  fouth  by  the  principaHties  ofNieffe 
and  Munflerburg,  on  the  weft  by  the  princi- 
pality of  Schweidnitz,  "and  on  the  north- 
weft  by  the  principality  of  Brcflau  ;  its  form 
is  irreguhir,  about  thirty-fix  miles  in  length, 
and  from  light  to  twenty-one  in  breadth. 
The  country  is  fertile  in  corn,  madder,  and 
tobacco.  The  firft  prince  was  Boleflaus  III. 
One  of  his  i'ucceflors  embraced  the  Lutheran 


B  R  I 

religion  in  1543  ;  and  in  1557  concluded  a 
treaty  of  fraternity  and  fucceflion  with  Joa- 
chim II.  ele<5lor  of  Brandenburg ;  and  on 
thisHvas  foiinded  the  claim  of  Frederick  II. 
king  of  Pruflia.  The  principal  towns  are 
•Brieg,  Ohiau,  Lowen,  Michclau,   Strehlen, 


B  R  I 

they  afterwards  fortiHed,  and  made  the  F.rH 
afylum  of  their  liberty.  In  this  town  was 
born  the  celebrated  Martin  HarpcrtzTromp, 
admiral  of  Holland,  who,  after  being  in  fifty 
engagements,  in  which  he  held  the  chief 
command,  was  unfortunately  killed    by 


Nimtfch,  and  Warfen  ;  the  principal  rivers    mufquet-fhot,  in  an  engagement   v/ith   the 


are  the  Oder  tind  the  Ohlau 

Bneg,  "a  city  of  Silefia,  capital  of  the  prin- 
ciprrlity  to  which  it  gives  name.  It  is  well 
fortified,  and  contains  four  fuburbs,  with  fe- 
veral  churches  for  Roman  Catholics  and 
Proteflants.  Here  is  a  manufaflure  of  cloth. 
In  the  year  1643,  it  held  out  a  fiege  againft 
the  Swedes,  but  in  1741,  the  Prufiians  made 
themfelves  mafters  of  it  in  four  days ;  the 
caftle,  which  was  once  the  refidence  of  the 
Duke  of  Brieg,  was  burnt  down  during  the 
fiege  of  the  city  in  1741.  84  miles  N.  Ol- 
nutz,  24  SE.  Breilau.  Long.  ij.  30.  E.  Luf. 
50.48.  N. 

Brieg,  or  Brigg,  a  town  of  SwifTcrland, 
and  capital  of  a  dixain,  or  commonwealth, 
in  the  Valais.  The  country  about  affords 
excellent  paftures.  About  a  fhort  league 
from  the  town  are  feme  warm  medicinal 
baths,  faid  to  be  ferviceable  in  rheumatifm 
and  eruptions  of  the  fl<in,  but  are  not  much 
frequented.  In  July  i799>  the  French 
were  defeated  here  by  the  Aullrians.  28 
miles  E.  Sion. 
Brieg,  fee  Breg. 

Briel,  or  Brill,  a  feaport  town  of  Holland, 
fituated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Meufe,  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  Ifle  of  Voorn,  with  a  good 
harbour;  it  formerly  was  confidered  as  part 
of  the  province  of  Zealand,  but  is  now 
reckoned  one  of  the  cities  of  Holland,  among 
which  it  holds  the  fifth  rank.  Its  magiftracy 
is  compofed  of  two  burgomafters,  .  feven 
echevins,  and  a  large  council  of  twenty. 
In  the  year  1572,  the  confederates  of  the 
United  Provinces,  laid  here  the  foundation 
of  their  republic,  rather  by  accident  than 
defign ;  for,  being  chafed  from  the  Low 
Countries  by  the  Duke  of  Alva,  they  retired 
to  England,  and  having  haftily  equipped  a 
fmall  fleet  of  forty  fail,  under  the  condud  of 
William  Marck  comte  de  Lumay,  and 
"William  de  Trelong,  they  failed  towards 
this  coafl,  being  called  in  derifion  the  beg- 
g.'.rs  of  the  fea,  and  geefe  of  the  fea.  The 
duke  complaining  to  Queen  Elizabeth  that 
they  were  pirates,  flie  obliged  them  to  de- 
part from  England,  and  they  fet  fail  for 
Enckhuyfen,  in  which  voyage  they  took 
•three  rich  fhips  belonging  to  Antwerp,  and 
r.nother  from  Bifcay.  As  the  wind  was  un- 
favourable, they  accidentally  fteered  to  the 
Ille  of  Voorn,  ai  acked  the  town  of  Briel, 
'  and  the  inhabitants  not  being  in  a  flate  capa- 
ble of  reflflance,  made  themfelves  maflers 
.oi  tl:ic  place  on  the  firft  of  Afifil,  which 

A  a  a 


Englifh  fleet,  commanded  by  Admiral  Blake, 
near  the  Tcxel,  on  the  8th  of  Augufl,  1653; 
after  whofe  death  the  Dutch  were  totally 
defeated  ;  the  States  General  had  him  in- 
terred in  the  Temple  at  Delft,  and  caufed 
many  medals  to  be  ffruck  in  honour  of  this 
great  man  ;  his  fon,  Cornelius  Tromp,  who 
was  the  lieuten?.nt-admiral-general  of  the  re- 
public, and  well  fupported  the  valour  and 
reputation  of  his  father,  died  in  1691.  24 
milesfromDort.  Lo7ig.^.o.'E.Lat.si-sz-^' 
Briena,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lario.     10  miles  N.  Como. 

Brie?uie  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aude.  12  miles  NW.  Bar-lur- 
Aube,  18  ENE.  Troyes. 

Briemiois,  before  the  revolution,  a  fmall 
country  of  France,  in  Burgur)dy,  near  the 
Loire,  of  which  Semur-en-Briennois  was  the 
capital. 

Brit?t072,  or  Briefnon,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Yomme.  6  miles 
W.  St.  Florentin. 

Brietitz,  a  lake  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne,  7  miles  long,  and  i^  wide. 
BrientZt   a  town  of  Swiflerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne,  famous  for  the  cheefe  made 
in  its  neighbourhood.     22  miles  SE.  Berne. 
Brieiiza,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Citra.     ::o  miles  N.Policailro. 
Bricfcia,  lee  Brfejlz. 
Brief?i!tz,  a  river  of  Silefia,  which  runs 
into  the  Oder,  near  Naumburg. 

Briejfmtzhach,  a  i-iver  of  MeifTen,  which 
runs  into  the  Rothewafler,  5  miles  N.  Lau- 
enflcln. 

Brietenhach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Henncbcrg.  3  m.N.Schleufingen. 
Brictzen,  or  JVrietze?2,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg, 
near  the  Oder,  with  two  churches.  32  miles 
E.  Berlin,  18  S.  Cuftrin.  Lo?-!g.  14.  ii.  E. 
Lat.  52.  47.  N. 

Brieid-fur-Bar,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Ardennes.  9  miles  N. 
Grandpre. 

Briex,  or  Moft,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in 

the  circle  of  Saatz.     13  miles  N.  Saatz,  40 

NW.Prague.  Z^//j.i3.4o.E.Z^i'.5o.3o.N. 

Bricy,  a  town    of  France,  and  principal 

place  of  adiftrict,  in  the  department  of  the 

Mofclle,  formerly  a  lordfliip  of  the  biihops 

of  Metz.     12  miles   NW.  Metz,  10  SW. 

Thionville.  Lo)tg.  6.  i  W.  Lat.  49. 15. N. 

Brig,  fte  Brtig. 

Briga,  {La,)  a  town  of  Fr.n:e,  in  'J-.e 


B  R  I  B  R  I 

department  of  the  Maritime  Alps,    z  miles    part  of  France. .  .In  1786,  the  hattcry,  which 

SE.  Teuda,  22  KE.  Kice.  was  built  on  the  fliore,   was  undermined  by 

Bri^euH,  a  town  of  France,   in  the  de-    a  high  tide,  and  fell  down  :  feveral  of  the 

pavtment  of  the  Vienne.     8  miles  E.  Mont-    guns  were  wafhed  into  the  fea.    In  1801, 

niorillon.  the  number  of  inhabitants  was    7339,  of 

Brigantine  Inleti  a  channel  between  two    whom  3050  were   employed  in  trade  and 

fmall  iflands  on  the  coaft  of  New  Jcrfey.    manufadures.     32  miles  E  Chicherter,  54  S. 

Long.  li,.  26.  W.  Lat.  39,  34«'N.  London.     Long.  o.  ij.  W.  Laf.  50.  49-  N- 

JSrigg,iceGlan4for^Brigg,  Briglia,  a  town  of  Italy,   in  the  depart- 

Brigka7n,  a  village  of  England,  in.  Nor-    rnent  oftheAdda  and  OgHo.  17  m.  NNW. 

thumberland  ;  here  a  convention  was'  held    Breno. 

for  the  fettlement  of  the  tenths  demanded  Brignais,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
fer the  holy  war  by  Henry  II.  in  1188,  partment  of  the  Rhone  and  Loire,  6  miles 
under  Hugh  biHiop  of  Durham.   William  II.    S.Lyons. 

kin"  of  Scotland,  with  his  bifliops  and  ba-  Brigiuuil  Tjlhie,  ^  town  of  France,  in 
rons,  met  him,  and  ryecled  the  demand  the  department  of  the  Charcnte.  9  miles 
with  cortempt.    .  SE.  Confolent. 

Bn^'hffide  Bicrlo'w,  a  townilrip  of  Eug-  i/rAf/wA?,  a  town  of  Genoa.  20  miles  NE. 
land,  near  Sheffield,  in  the  Weft-Riding  of    Genoa. 

Yorkfliire.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inha-  Brigades,  a  town  of  France,  and  princi- 
bitants  was  4030,  of  whom  IC17  were  em-  pal  place  of  a  diftritn-,  in  the  department  of 
ployed  in  trade  and  raanufaclurcs.  ^    the  Var,  celebrated  for  its  fruit,  and  parti- 

Brightkclnijioiie,  or  Brighton,  a  town  of  cularly  the  plumbs,  which  take  their  nam.e 
England,  on  the  coaft  of  Sufiex,  at  the  bor-  from  it:  the  country  is  fertile,  and  far- 
torn  of  a  bay  formed  by  Beachy-Head,  and  rounded  with  mountains.  18  miles  N.  Tou- 
Worthing  Point,  in  the  Englifh  Channel;  Ion,  28  E.  Aix.  Zc/^.  6- 5.  £•  Lat.  j^t,^ 
one  of  the  moft  fafliionable  places  of  refort    24.  N. 

for  fea -bathing  in  the  kingdom.  It  was  an-  ^n-/v/i?i~(7,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caf- 
ciently  fortilied,  and  fonie  traces  of  the  walls  tile,  on  the  river  Tajuna,  containing  three 
remain.  Queen  Elizabeth  is  fiiid  to  hpve  pariflies,  built  in  IC71,  by  Alonzo  king  of 
cre(5led  four  pates ;  there  was  likewifea  fiint  Leon:  its  chief  trade  is  in-  wool.  In  the 
wall  to  the  fea,  three  feet  thick,  with  poit-  year  i7io>  this  town  being  taken  poilefTion 
holes,  and  a  block-houfe,  conftrufted  in  the  of  by  General  Stanhope,  with  a  large  body 
reign  of  Henry  VIII.  fince  undermined  by  of  troops  for  the  Archduke  Charles,  the 
the  fea,  which  has  made  great  encroach-  Duke  of  Vcndome  laid  liege  to  it  in  behalf 
mentsat  different  times ;  and  to  counter;'(rt  of  Philip  king  of  Spain,  and  compelled  the_ 
its  ravages,  great  fums  have  been  expended  garrifon,  confifting  of  eight  fquadrons  of 
by  driving  in  piles  of  timber,  and  other  Englillr,  eight  of  Spaniards,  and  one  bat- 
means.  In  the  road,  about  a  mile  from  the  talion  of  Portugucfe,  to  furrender  prifoners 
coaft,  there  is  good  anchorage  for  veil'els  of  of  war.  40  miles  ENE.  Madrid,  20  SSW. 
any  fize,  where,  with  good  cables  they  are  Siguenca.  L'^'-g-  3-  ro.  W.  Lat,  40.  40.  N. 
able  to  ftand  the  rougheft  fe;is.     The  bay        Brllan^  fee  Fricdland 


being  open,  whenever   the  winds   make   it 

troublefcme  to  land,  the  packets  can   run 

into   Shoreham  harbour,  fix   miles  to   the 

taft,  where  they  are  perfciftly  fate,  except 

v/hen  the  wind  blows  off  flrore,  in    which 

cafe  there  is   no   difficulty  in  landing  at    fea,  near  the  iHe  of  Saleyer.  .  Lot. 

Biighthelmftone.     The  number  of  inhabi-    3c  E.     Lat-(>.S. 

tants   varies   according  to   the  number  of       Briwficld,  a  town  of  MafTachufctts.     14 

vifitors   at   the  various  feafons  of  the  year,    miles  SE.  Springfield. 

There  are  two  affembly  rooms,  public  libra-        Brilo?:,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 

ries,  and  a  theatre.     It  has  no  csTpwation.     of  the  Lower  Rhine,  and   capital  of  the 

I'he  principal   market-day  is  on  Thurfday,    dutchy  of  Weftphalia;   formerly  Anfeatic, 


Brillac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dcr 
partment  of  the  Charcnte.  5  miles  N.  Con- 
folent. 

Brillc,  fee  Brie!. 

Brille  Shoal,   a  fltoal  in  the   Eaft-Tndian 

119. 


but  the  market  is  open,  and  ftocked  on 
every  dav  except  Sunday.  Near  100  boats 
are  employed  iniifiiing,  wiiich  carry  three, 
four,  or  jive  men  each  :  the  iale  of  mackarel 
and  herrings  is  iaid  fome  years  to  have 
produced    ia,oool.     In    time   of  peace,   a 


Calamine  is  found  in  the  neighbourhood, 
70  miles  ENE.  Cologn,  30  W.  Cajlel.  Long. 
8.  38.  E.  Lat.  sr-  a"^-  N- 

Br'nnncfs,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
Scotland.  Long.  3.  32.  W.  Lat.  58.  34-  N, 

Brhiihcs,  a  town  of  Por^^ugal,  in  Altntejo. 


packet  fails  every  week,  if  the  wind   and     15  mil.cs  W.  Beja 

weatlier   will  permit,  to  Dieppe.    Vends        7/r/;/r:/7,  or  ^rwA-./?.; ,f :;;;;,  a  town  of  Na^r 

m^y  be  had   at  a  iliort  notice  for  any  other    pies,  in  the  pro'.incc  of  Otranto,   at  th-; 


B  R  I 

entrance  of  the  Adriatic,  nncientlv  large 
and  tiounfliing,  with  a  large  and  lafc  har- 
bour ;  the  harbour  is  now  choakcd  up,  and 
the  city  much  gone  from  its  ancient  fplen- 
dour :  the  port  was  ruined  by  tlie  Venetians, 
lb  that  fmall  barks  can  hardly  enter.  It  is 
faid  that  a  plan  is  in  agitation  to  clear  and 
repair  it.  Brindiil  is  the  lee  of  an  arch- 
biihop,  and  contains  two  churches  and  two 
convents.  iSo  miles  £.  Naples,  35  NW. 
Otranto.     i.cmf.  17.  40.E,  /-<?/.  40.  48.  N. 

Brindle,  a  towiflhip  ot  England,  in  Lan- 
cafhire.  In  1801,  it  had  1171  inhabitants, 
and  of  thefe  387  employed  in  trade  and 
manufadures.     5  miles  WSW.  Blackburn. 

Brinja,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  the 
country  of  Eaglana.     12  m.  NNVV.  Nafi'uk. 

Br-irjauti,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Tra- 
vancore  country,  on  the  coaft  of  Malabar. 
25  miles  W  Travancore. 

BrinhiT,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
fhopric  of  Ofnabruck.  16  miles  SE.  Ofna- 
bruck. 

Brhin,  fee  Brmni. 

Br'uionles  Alicmaris.,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Nyevre.  10  miles  S. 
Clamecy. 

Brhimi  rArchcz'tque-,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  ot-  the  Yonne,  and  chief 
place  of  a  caoton,  in  the  dillrifl;  of  St. 
Florentin.  12  miles  N.  Auxerre,  4  W.  St. 
Flore  ntin. 

BriTis,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Boleflaw.     3  miles  SSE.  Gabl. 

Brinjladt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Wurzburg.  5  milcs^  NE. 
Volekach.' 

Br'ion,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Two  Sevres.  4  m.  N.  Thouars. 

Brion,'  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lozerre.  9  miles  WSW.  St. 
Chely  d'Apcher. 

Brio?:,  a  town-  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile. 
2  miles  KNE.  Calzada. 

Brioni,  af<nallifland  in  the  gulf  of  Venice, 
near  the  coaii:  of  Ilfria,  celebrated  for  its 
marble  quarries.,  4  miles  W.  Pola.  Long, 
13.  53.  E.  Lat,  45  3-N. 

Brion-ie,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eure.  ij  miles  SE.  Pont-Aude- 
mcr,  loNNE.  Bernay.' 

Br'iord,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ain.     10  miles  S.  Belley. 

BrioRomh'js^  or  Brios-Tomhos,  a  town  ot 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Oife.  10 
miles  N.  Beauvais. 

Briou,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Two  Sevres.  6  miles  SW. 
Melle,  13  SE.  Niori. 

Brioude,;\  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diflridl,  in  the  department  of  the 
Upper  Loire,  lituated  on  the  Allier.  It  con- 
tains about  3000  inhabitants.  In  thh  was 
ftjrmerjy  ;v  celebrated  fancl^iary,  dedicated 


B  R  I 

to  St.  Julian.  2:  miles  NNE.  St.  Flour,  2j 
NW.LePuy.  Z5//^^3.26.E.  /-///. 45.17. N. 

Brioudc,  Vicllc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
dcjjartment  of  the  Upper  Loire.  %  miles  S. 
Brioude. 

Bricuze,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Orne.  12  miles  NE.  Domfront, 
13  W.  Argcntan. 

Briquchec,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Channel.  10  miles  S.  Cher- 
burg,  6  W.  Valognes. 

i?r/i7w//.7y,atown  of  France,  in  thedepart- 
ment  of  the  Ardennes.     4  m.  N.  Grandpre. 

Briqneras,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Po.  In  1692,  it  was  taken 
by  the  French,  who  fortified  it.  12  miles 
S.  Pignerol. 

Brifach,  (Old,)  a  town  of  Germany,  for- 
merly the  capital  of  the  Brifgaw,  and  impe- 
rial :  nowbelonging  to  the  houfe  of  Auftria. 
It  was  taken  by  the  French  iri  1638,  who 
kept  pofleiiion  of  it  till  the  year  1700,  whea 
it  was  reftored  to  the  Emperor,  after  dcftroy- 
ing  a  If  one  bridge  built  over  the  Rhine,  and 
in  170J,  the  fortifications  were  deltroyed. 
In  the  year  1704,  the  French  took  it  again, 
but  it  was  fuppofed  by  fome  treachery  ;  for 
Count  d'Arce,  the  governor,  was  condemned 
to  bebeheaded,  and  all  theofficerswholigncd 
the  capitulation  were  punifhed.  The  Rhine 
is  pailed  here  by  a  bridge  of  boats.  27  m. 
N.  Bale. 

Brifach  (AW,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Upper  Rhine,  fituated 
about  a  mile  from  the  weft  fide  of  the  Rhine, 
oppofite  Old  Brifach,  fortified  by  M.  Vau- 
ban.  27  miles  N.  Bale,  7  SE.  Colmars, 
Lo7ig.  7.  37.  E.     Lat.  48.  2.  N. 

Brijligo,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  Lake  JNIag- 
giora.     5  miles  S.  Locarno. 

Br'tfau,  or  Brzezo^iva,  a  town  of  Moravia, 
in  the  circle  of  Olmutz.    20  m.  W.  Olmutz. 

Bnfello,  fee  Baf^llo. 

Brlfintlno,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Capi* 
tanata.     10  miles  SW.  Manfredonia. 

Brlfg.'jn.v,  a  country  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Swabia,  fituated  on  the  e;iji  fide  of 
the  Rhine,  by  which  it  is  feparatcd  from 
France.  The  Marquis  of  Baden  poffefl'ed  a. 
portion,  but  the  principal  part  belonged  to 
the  houfe  of  Auflrla,  till  by  the  article  of 
peace  concluded  at  Lunevillc  in  February 
1 801,  between  the  Emperor  of  Germany  and 
France,  it  was  with  the  Ortenau  alligned  as 
an  indemnification  for  the  lofs  of  his  Ftaliaa 
dominions  to  th.e  Duke  of  Modcna.  Friburg 
is  the  capital. 

Bnjlck,  or  Breyf.ch,  a  tov.^n  cf  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Roer.  i6  miles 
KNW.  Cobientz. 

Brijiguela,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment or  the  Amona.     6  miles  Facnza. 

Brijl:,  a  town  ot  Germany,  in  liie  Ucker 
Mark,  of  Br^indenbur^.   3  m.  SS'vV.  BceiJcuw. 


BB  I 


B  R  I 


Brifko'-J},  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  held  by  the  mayor,  recorder,  and  aldermen- 
Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  4  miles  S.  Queen  Elizabeth  granted  a  ch;irter,  whereby 
Franckfort  on  the  Oder.  every  man  that  marries  a  daughter  of  a  ci- 

BriJJac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-  tizen  of  Briftol,  becomes  free  of  the  city, 

nient  of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.     12  miles  N.  Briftol  was  formerly  a  place  of  great  ftrength. 

Vihiers,  7  SSE.  Angers.  Geoffery  bifliop   of  Conftance  fortified   it 

Brijiol,   a  city  and  feapoit  of  England,  when  he  rebelled  againft  William  l^fus,  but 

fituated   in  the  counties  of  Gloucelter  and  the  walls  were  deftroyed  by  the  king,  after 

Somerfet,  on  the  rivers  Avon  and  Frome,  he  had  fupprelTed  the  rebellion.    In  the  year 

which  unite  here,  and  form  one  ftream  under  1140,  King  Stephen  was  imprifoncd  in  the 

the  name  of  the  former,   navigable  for  large  caiile  here  by  the  Empref^  Maud,  after  the 

and  heavy  fl'»ips,  till  it  joins  the  Severn  at  battle  of  Lincoln.     In  the  year  1643,  Briftol 

King-Road,  there  known  by  the  name  of  wasgarrifonedby  the  parliament  troops,  un- 

"The  Brijiol  Channel.    It  was  called  by  the  der  the  command  of  Colonel  Fiennes,  who 

Britons,  as  we  are  told,    Caer  Oder  nant  was  joined  by  Waller  and  his  follov/ers,  after 

Badon,  i.e.  the  City  Oder  in  Badon  Valley,  the  battle  of  Roundway-down,  near  Devizes. 

The  Saxons  called  it  Bright Jlonxie,  or  Bri-  Prince  Rupert  attacked  it,  and  though  the 

/?i-TU6'.  The  merchants  of  this  city  trade  with  town  and  caftle  were  well  fortified,   and  in 

'more  independence  on   London  than  any  want  of  neither  men,  proviiion,  or  warlike 

other  town  in  the  kingdom.    Their  Weft-  ftores,  it  was  taken  by  capitulation  ;  but  not 

India  fliips  fail  and  arrive  in  fleets.    They  before  a  great   number  of  brave  men  and 


trade  largely  with  Ireland,  Holland,  Ham- 
burgh, Norway,  Sweden,  RuiTia,  and  Ame- 
rica. They  fend  fliips  to  Newfoundland 
and  the  Mediterranean.  The  quay  is  eftcem- 
ed  one  of  the  fineft  in  Europe,  and  on  the 


officers  had  loft  their  lives.  The  hot-well 
is  about  a  mile  and  a  half  weft  from  the  city, 
clofe  by  the  Avon,  in  the  county  of  Glo- 
cefter,  at  the  bottom  of  ftupendous  rocks, 
called  5/.  Vincent' s.Rocks,  out  of  which  the 


banks  of  the  river  are  feveral  dock-yards  for  fpring  rifes,  and  is  defended  by  a  thick  wall, 
Uuiiding  and  repairing  the  (hips.  Bufmefs  to  prevent  its  being  injured  by  the  tide.  The 
of  almoft  all  kinds  is  carried  on  here,  and  water  is  faid  to  be  impregnated  by  the  lime- 
capital  works  cftabliflied,  fuch  as  large  brafs  ftone  quarries,  with  a  fott  alcalious  quality, 
works,  forges  for   fmelting  copper;    iron  with  fome  weak  impregnation  of  fulphur. 


founderies,  where  cannon,  &c.  are  caft  and 
bored  ;  lead-v/orks,  in  which  the  lead  is 
{melted  from  the  ore,  caft  into  (heets,  milled, 
&c.  ;  manufactures  of  white  and  red  lead, 
and  lead   fhot ;  a  great  number  of  fugar- 


with  nitre,  or  fea-falt,  and  perhaps  flightly 
with  iron.  They  are  of  an  agreeable,  not 
hckly  warmth;  are  excellent  in  heflics,  dia- 
betes, weak  lungs,  preternatural  evacuations, 
acrid  juices,  and  vifcid  blood  ;  and  in  the 


houfes:  turpentine,  fulphur,  and  vitriol  works;  iirft  ftage  of  a  phthifis  pulmonum.     Briftol_ 

a  manufadureof  china,  befidesmanufaiftures  anciently  made  a  part  of  the  earldom  of 

of  woollen    ftuffs,   broad-cloth,  fiii-cloth,  Glocefter,  and  came  into  the  pcireflion  of 

lace,  filk,  and  cotton.    Among  the  public  John  Earl  of  Moreton,  afterwards  king  of 

buildings,  we  n:iay  reckon  the  Exchange  in  England,who  married  a  daughter  of  William 

Corn-ftreet ;  other  public  buildings  are  the  Earl  of  Glocefter,  by  which  means  it  bc- 

Council-houfe,  Guildhall, Cuftom-houfe;  fe-  came  vefted  in  the  crown.     In  the  latter 


veral  halls  of  conjpanies,  as  of  merchants, 
coopcrs,and  merchant-taylors ;  public  library, 
infirmary,  &c.  Briftol  was  erefted  into  a 
bilhopric  by  Henry  VIII.  It  contains  17 
pan!hes,and,belides  the  cathedral, feventeen 
churches  and  five  chapels  within  the  city, 
and  two  churches  and  one  chapel  in  the  fub- 
urbs ;  in  all,  twenty-fix  of  the  eftablifhed 
religion,  and  fitteen  places  of  v/orfliip  for 
other  perfuafions.  The  hofpitals  and  chari- 
table foundations  are  more  than  20.  The 
number  of  houfes  in  the  city  is  13,000,  and 


end  of  the  eleventh  century,  here  was  a  mart 
of  flaves,  collected  from  different  parts  of 
the  kingdom.  In  the  reign  of  Henry  II. 
Briftol  was  rich  and  llourifhing,  and  greatly 
favoured  by  that  prince,  by  bounties  and 
grant  of  charters,  with  liberty  of  inhabiting 
and  pofTcfling  the  city  of  Devlin  or  Dublin 
in  Ireland.  In  the  year  1272,  there  were 
twelve  furnaces  for  melting  filver  and  ftamp- 
ing  money;  and  in  the  rtign  o^  Henry  VI. 
there  was  a  mint.  Teftoons,  groats,  half- 
groats,  and  pennies  of  Henry  VIII.  are  met 


of  the  inhabitants  62,890;  and  if  to  thefe  we  with,  coined  at  this  mint.     In  the  yeari372, 

add  the  population  of  the  fiiburbs,  the  whole  Briftol  was  feparated  from  the  counties  of 

muft  exceed  100,000.    The  government  of  Glocefter  and  Somerfet,   by   a  charter  of 

the  city  is  adminiftered  by  a  mayor,  twelve  Edward  III.  and  ere^ed  into  a  county.  The 

aldcrmeti,  two  fherifts,  twenty-eight  com-  river  Avon  was  made  navigable  bvaeT;  of  par- 

nion-council,  a^J-ecorder,  town-clerk,   &c.  liament,  and  the  firft  bargeliaffed  from  Briftol 

Briftol  being  a  county  of  iilelf,   one  of  the  to  Bath,  loaded  with  deals,  lead,  and  meal, 

judges  comes  cveryye^r  to  Briftol,  and  holds  in  the  month  of  December  1727.     In  the 

;m  uilue;  in  the  autumn,  auoihcr  aflizc  is  year  1786,  three  hackney  coaches  v/cre  la 


B  R  I. 

up  in  the  city,  which  foon  afterwards  \vcrc 
increaicd  to  twenty.  In  1801,  the  number 
of"  inhabiiants  enipJoysd  in  trade  and  diffe- 
rent manufactures  amounted  to  9657.  120 
miles  VV.  London.  Long,  z\  ^^.  W.  Lat. 
5I.17-N. 

Brijlol,  a  feaport  town  of  United  America, 
.in  the  ilate  of  Rhode  Ifland,  lituated  on  the 
continent.  It  was  cmliderably  damaged  by 
the  Britiih  troops  in  the  war,  but  the  damages 
have  been  repaired.  It  is  now  a  place  of 
confiderable  trade  to  the  other  flates,  to 
Africa,  and  the  Well-Indies.  The  number 
of  inhabitants,  in  the  year  179c,  was  1406. 
15  miles N.  Newport,  42  S.Bolton.  Lovg. 
71.  Tz.VV.     Lat.  41.  ,'?5.N. 

BrijJol,  a  county  of  IJnited  America,  in 
the  ftates  of  Maffachufetts,  containing,  in  the 
year  1790,31,709  inhabitants. 

Brijhl,  a  county  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  in  Pennfilvania,  on  the  Delaware, 
20  miles  NE.  Philadelphia. 

Brijhl-Bay,  a  large  bay  in  the  North  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  on  the  welt  coall  of  North- 
America,  into  which  a  large  river  empties 
itfelf,  of  the  fame  name,  difcovered  by  Capt. 
Cook.     Z/C/wf.  157.W.     Zi7/.  58.  20.  N. 

Brijlol-Bay,  a  bay  on  the  NW.  coaft  of 
Nova-Scotia.  Z.57;^.  63.W.  Z/?/.  44,42.  N. 
Br'ijlol  Channel,  that  part  of '  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  wliich  lies  between  the  fouth  coail  of 
\'  a!es,and  the  counties  of  Somerfet,  Devon, 
and  Cornwall,  in  England., 

Brijhl^  (_Ncijj,)il  feaport  town  of  United 
America-,  in  the  province  of  Maine,  at  the 
bottom  of  Frenchman's  Bay.  Long.  68.  a. 
W.    Lat.  44.  25.  N. 

Bri^,-A.  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  fea,  2  miles  S.  Bridport,  in  Dorfetfhire. 

Britain,  {Great.)  The  ifland  which  is  now 
called  Great-Britain,  and  comprehends  the 
two  kingdoms  of  England  and  Scotland, 
with  the  principality  of  Wales,  was,  in  more 
ancient  times,  by  way  of  diiiindion,  Ityled 
Albion,  the  name  of  Britain  being  then  com- 
mon to  all  the  iflands  that  lie  round  it. 
Whence  it  had  the  name  of  Albion  is  uncer- 
tain; but  that  it  received  the  name  of  Britain 
from  foreigners  is  evident,  lince  the  natives 
never  ftyled  thenilclves  Britons,  nor  their 
countryBritain;their  true  name  being  C/^wr/, 
or  Cumbri,  whence  Canjbria,  the  name  of 
Wales  to  this  day  among  the  Wellh.  Britain 
ll?s  over  againll  France  and  Germany,  in  a 
triangular  form,  having  three  promontories, 
fliooting  out  thiec  diiierent  ways,  viz.  the 
Xand's-End  tov/ards  the  weft,  the  Kentifh 
or  North-Foreland  towards  the  eaft,  and 
Caithnefs  towards  the  north.  It  is  divi- 
ded from  Ireland  to  the  weft  by  the  Irilh 
•  fea;  on  the  north  it  is  bounded  by  the  North- 
.  era  Ocean  ;  on  the  eaft,  where  it  faces  Ger- 
many, by  the  German  Ocean  ;  and  on  the 
ibutii,  towaids  France,  by  the  Britifh  Clun- 


B  R  I 

nel.     Its  length  fi  om  north  to  fouth  is  about 
560   miles;  its  breadth   is  various,  and  in 
compafs,  its  three  fides  arc  found  to  contain, 
allowing  for  the  windings  of  the  coaft,  about 
1800  miles.  The  fouth  lide,  extending  from 
the  North-Foreland  in  Kent,  to  the  Land's- 
End  in  Cornv.all,  contains  about  -,00  miles  ; 
the  weft  fide,  frum  the  Land's-End,  to  the 
moft  northern  part  of  Scotland,  about  800; 
and  the  eait  fide  about  700.    If  Great-Bri- 
tain be  confidered  as  a  perfect  triangle,  formed 
t)y  three  right  lines,  the  length  of  its  three 
fides  put  together,  would  amount  to  about 
1500  miles.     The  fertihty  and  plcafantnefs 
of  Britain  gave  occadon  to  imagine,  that  thele 
were  the  Fortunate  Iflands,  defcribed  by  the 
poets,  where  the  face  of  nature  fniiled  with 
a  perpetual  fpring.     It  was  in  former  times 
the  granary  of  the  weil:crn  empire,  for  hence 
was   every^  year    tranfported   an   iramenfe 
quantity  of  corn  for  the  iiipply  of  the  army 
on  the  frontiers  of  Germany.    The  fouthern 
parts  of  Britain  were  peopled,  according  to 
Cccfar,  by  the  Gauls.     I'acitus  is  of  the  fame 
opinion:  if  we  confider  all  circun'iftances, 
fays  he,  it  is  probable,  that  Gaul  iiift  peo- 
pled Britain,  which  lies  fo  near  it.     This 
opinion,  which  is  follov/ed  by  moft  of  the 
ancient,  as  well   as   the  modern  writers,  is 
chiefly  founded  on  the  agreement  obierved 
by  the  Roman  writers  between  the  two  na- 
tions in  their  cuftoms,  manners,   language, 
religion,  form  of  government,  way  of  fight- 
ing, &c.     Bclides,  as  the  Gauls  lent  colonies 
into  Italy,  Spain,  Germany,  Thrace,   and 
Afia,  it  is  but  reafonable  to  conclude  that 
they  did  the  fame  with  refpeft  to  Britain, 
which  layfo  near  them,  that  they  could  dif- 
cern  it  from  the  continent,  and  was  no  lefs 
plentiful  than  the  other  countiies  where  they 
fettled.      To  return  to  the  Britons:  their 
manners,  cuftoms,  religion,  form  of  govern- 
ment,  &c.  are  defcribed  not  only  by  Cx^lar 
in  his  Commentaries,  but  by  others,  and  per- 
haps more  fully,  who  wrote  after  the  Romans 
were  become  malters  of  the  ifland.     The 
country  was,  according  to  Ca;far,  well  peo- 
pled, and  flocked  with  cattle.   Their  houfes 
were  not  unlike  thofe  of  the  Gauls.     They 
uled  copper  or  iron   plates,  weighed   by  a 
certain  llandard,  inftead  of  money.    If  they 
bred  domeftic  fowls,  hens,  or  gecfe,  it  was 
for  their  diverfion,  being  ftriiStly  forbidden 
by  their  religion  to  eat  them.   'Of  all  the 
Britons,  thole  who  inhabited  Cantium,   or 
Kent,  were  the  moft  civilized,  not  differing 
muchin  their  manners  from  the  Gauls.  The 
more  inland  people,  for  the  moft  part,  fowed 
no   corn,  their  ufual  food  being  milk   and 
game,  with  which  their  woods  and  plains 
were  well  ftored.     The  ufe  of  clothes  was 
fcarcely  known  in  the  ifland.     Only  the  in- 
habitants of  tlie  fouthern  coaft  covered  their 
nakcdncfs  wifhlliins.of  wild  beaits,  caieldbiy 


B  R  I 

thfown  over  them,  not  fo  much  to  defend 
themfelves  againft  the  cold,  as  to  avoid  giv- 
ing offence  to  the  flrangers,  who  came  to 
trade  with  them.  All  the  Britons  painted 
their  bodies  with  the  juice  of  woad,  of  a 
fty-colour,  and  wore  long  hair,  but  fhsved 
the  reft  of  their  bodies,  except  their  upper 
lip.  One  cuftom  prevailed  among  them, 
which  fjemed  deteftable  to  other  nations, 
which  was  for  ten  or  twelve  men,  brothers 
or  friends,  to  have  wives  in  common.  They 
abftaincd  from  all  manner  of  fifli,  though  the 
feas  that  furrounded  their  ifland,  and  their 
rivers,  were  p-ltntifully  ttored  with  them. 

■  Their  towns,  or  rather  villages,  were  a  con- 
fufed  parcel  of  huts,  pUccd  at  a  fniall  dif- 
tance  from  each  other,  and,  genera'ly  fpcak- 
jng,  in  the  middle  of  a  wood,  whereof  the 
avenues  were  defended  with  flight  ramparts 
of  earth,  or  with  the  trees  that  were  cut 
down  to  clear  the  ground.    As  to  their  man- 

.  ner  of  fighting,  Cx'fiir,  who  extols  their 
valour,  and  the  undaunted  bravery  with 
which  they  went  to  battle,  tells  us,  that  they 
madeufe  of  chariots,Qriving  furiouflv  among 

■  the  enemy's  ranks,  and  difcharging  their 
darts,  by  which  means  they  often  put  the 
Romans  in  difbrdcr.  When  they  engaged 
the  horfe,  they  left  their  chariots  to  light  on 
foot,  their  charioteers  in  the  mean  time  rc- 

■  tiring,  and  placing  themfelves  io  that  their 
inaiters,  if  overpowered  with  numbers,  might 
readily  find  them.,  and  have  an  eafy  retreat, 
ily  this  manner  of  lighting,  they  had,  fays 
Ca^fir,  both  the  fpeed  of  the  horfe,  and  the 
fteadinefb  of  the  foot;  and  were  by  daily 
pradice  fo  expert,  that  they  could  flop  their 
horfes  on  a  fteep  defcent,  though  in  full 
career,  turn  them  in  a  narrov/  compafs,  run 
along  the  pole,  fit  upon  the  yoke,  and  from 
thence,  with  incredible  quicknefs,  return  to 

■  their  chariots.  Thus  Caifiir.  But  why  they 
chcfe  to  engage  the  horfe  rather  on  foot 
than  in  their  chariots,  is  not  eafdy  conceived. 
Their  trade  was  very  inconfidcrable,  not- 
withflanding  the  convenient  fituation  of  their 
ifland  for   carrying   on  an  extenfive  com- 

.  rnercc.  Tlieir  veffels  v/cre  very  fmall,  with 
their  keels  and  ribs  made  of  fliglit  timber, 

.  interwoven  v.ith  wicker,  and  covered  with 
hides,  which  fhews  that  thcv  undertook  no 
long  voyages;  nay,  in  all  likelihood,  thev 
never  ventured  to  fca  beyond  the  coalls  of 
Gaul.  Tlieir  chief  traftic  uas  widi  the  Phx- 
nician  merchants,  Avho  after  the  difcovery  of 
the  idand,  which  happened,  probably,  before 
the  Trojan  wai-,  yearly  exported  great  quan- 
tities of  tin,  which  they  fold  to  the  Greeks 
and  other  diifant  nations.  The  care  and 
ciiredtion  of  all  religious  matters  were,  by 
thcr>ritons  as' well  as  tl\e  Gauls,  committed 
to  'he  Druids,  whofe  authority  was  gre;;t, 
not  only  in  religious  but  civil  affairs,  ""'i'hcy 
were  held,  both  by  the  Biitons  and  GauL;, 


B  R  I 

in  fuch  veneration,  that  their  authority  was 
almcft  abfoiute.    To  them  belonged  the  care 
of  private  and  public  facrifices,  the  interpre- 
tation of  religion,  the  bcflowing  of  rewards, 
or  inriiiTiing  of  punifhments ;  the  cleciding  of 
controverfies,  let  the  difference  be  of  what 
nature  foever;  and  whoever  refufed  to  obey 
their  decree,  whether  lord  or  valfal,  was  ex- 
cluded from  the  facrifices,  vrhich  was  aC' 
counted  the  grcatell  punifhment  that  couM 
be  inflided.    The  fame  form  of  government 
prevailed  in  Britain  as  in  Gaul;  that  is,  the 
the  whole  country  was  divided  into  feveral 
fmall  ftates,  with  a  head  over  each,  dignified 
by  authors  with  the  name  of  king.     Of  thefe 
heads,  or  kings,  Cxfar  mention.;  four  in  the 
fmall  compafs  of  Kent.  Whether  thefe  flates 
were  hereditary  or  eledlire,  we  find  no  v.'here 
recorded.      Their  worfhipping  in  groves, 
their  hriman  facrifices,  and  their  marking  or 
tattooing  themfelves,  are  ftrong  charaifre- 
riftics  of  a  Canaanitilh  origin.   And  it  is  well 
worthy  of  obfervation,  that  thofe  very  cuf- 
toms  have  been  found  in  all  the  new-difco- 
vered  iflands  of  the  South  Pacific  ocean : 
they  were   before   found  in  the  Indians  of 
America ;  among  the  Mexicans,  the  Peru- 
vians, and  the  inhabitants  of  the  Weft-India 
iflands,  a  flrong  prefumption  of  one  and  the 
fame  original.   Some  of  thefe  ftrangers  have 
been  found  circumcifed  ;  this  is  a  proof,  not 
altogether  of  an  Ifraelitiih  defcent,   but  a 
mark  of  diilinftion,  ufed  probably  by  all  tlie 
fons  of  Abraham,  and  their  deiccndants,  to' 
whom  feveral  of  thefe  nations  owed  their 
origin;  and  flill  obferved  by  fome  as  a  cuitom 
of  their  forefathers.     Both  the  Phoenicians 
on  the  coalf  of  tha  Mediterranean,  and  the 
Edomites  on  the  Red  fea,  were  merchant*;, 
with  a  confiderable  knowledge  of  navigation ; 
and  from  their  voyages  to  Britain  only,  it  is 
very  evident  they  weic  fomething  more  thati 
coafrers.  In  cafes  of  danger,  one  of  the  kings 
was  chofen  in  a  general  affemblv,  commaH- 
der  in  chief  of  t!ie  wliole  of  their  forces  : 
"^husCallibelan  commanded  the  forces  againft 
Cffifar:  and  in  the  time  of  Claudius,  Carac- 
tacus,  king  of  the  Silures,  w;!S  cUcfen  general 
of  thewholc.  That  partof  Britain  now  called 
England    and   Wales   was  divided   into  17 
ftat.es,  inhabited  by  the  Danmonii,  now  De- 
vonlhireand  Cornwall;  the  Durotriges,  Dor- 
fetlhire;-theBelg-a:,  Somcrfctlhirc,Wiitihire, 
and   I-fampfliire  ;  the  Attrcbatii,  Berkihirc  ; 
the  Regni,  Surry,  Suffex,  and  part  of  Hamp- 
fnire  on  the  fea-coaft;  the  Cantii,  Kent;  the 
Dobuni,    C-Jloceflcrfliire   and    C>xfbrdfhirc  ; 
the  Trinobantes,   Middlclex  and  Efiex  ;  the 
Iceni,    Suilolk,    Norfolk,    Cambridgefhire, 
and  Notttinghamihire  ;  the  Coritani,  whofe 
country  comprehended  the   prdent  North- 
amptoniliirc,     Leice(leril:irc,    Rutlandlhire, 
Lincolnihire,  Nottinghaniihire,  and  Derby- 
fliire;  the  Cornayiij.whu  inhabited  the  traitt 


B  R  I 

now  called  Warwickrtiire,  Worccllerfhire, 
Staftbrdihirc,  Shroplhire,  and  Cheihirc :  the 
Silurcs  podcflbd  I^adnorfliirc,  Brecknock- 
ihirc,  Glamoroanrhire,  Hcrcford!hirc,  and 
Monmouthlhirc;  the  Dcmets;  held  the  re- 
maining piirt  of  South-Wales ;  viz.  Cacr- 
marthcnlhirc,  Penibiokci'hire,  and  Cardigan- 
Ihire.  The  iix  covuitics  ot'  North-Wales 
were  inhabited  by  the  Ordoviccs:  tlie  Bri- 
gantos,  Ibnietiincs  called  Jjriga*,  polFcired 
Yoridhire,  Durham,  Lancafliire,  Wcllmore- 
land,  and  Cumberland;  and  lafllv,  the  Otta- 
dlni,  or  Ottatini,  inliauitcd  Nort.'iiunberland. 
Three  great  w^ils,  or  ramparts,  ucrc  erc<!lcd 
by  three  different  emperors  to  fccure  the 
country  belonging  to  Rome,  againft  the 
northern  barbarians.  Britannia  Romana  was 
divided  intoBritannia  fuperior,  and  Britannia 
interior,  or  upper  and  lower  Britain.  The 
former  reached  from  the  channel  at  leaft  as 
far  as  Chefler,  including  England  and  Wales : 
lower  Britain  contained  all  fabjeft  to  the 
Romans,  north  of  Chefler,  to  the  wall  v,'hich 
leparated  it  from  Britannia  Barbara :  from 
the  Firth  to  the  Clyde.  Cond;antine  divided 
Roman  Britain  into  four  governments,  which 
were  called  Britannia  Prima,  Britannia  Se- 
cunda,  Flavia  Cxfarienfis,  and  Maxima  Cx- 
faricnlis.  Britannia  Prima  lay  between  the 
channel,  the  Severn,  andThames;  Britannia 
Sccundi  occupied  all  the  country  between 
the  Severn  and  the  Irith  lea:  Flavia  Cxlari- 
enfis  was  encloied  witiiin  the  Thames,  the 
number,  and  the  Severn ;  and  Maxima 
'  Csfarienlis  extended  from  the  Humber  to 
Adrian's  wall.  A  iifth  province  was  aftcr- 
v,uds  added,  named  Valentia,  probably  by 
tiie  Emperor  Valcntinian,  from  his  brotlier 
Vatcns;  for  in  the  reign  of  Valcntinian,  this 
dillrift,  extending  from  Adrian's  wall  to  the 
Frith  of  Forth,  and  Clyde,  was  recovered 
by  Theodolius,  father  to  the  emperor  of  that 
name.  Each  of  thefe  provinces  had  a  par- 
ticular magiftratc,  fome  a  confular,  others 
only  a  prxfes  or  prelident;  they  were  all 
fubjeA  to  the  Vicarius  of  Britain,  as  he  was 
to  the  PrGefectus  Prsetorio  of  Gaul,  one  of 
tiie  four  Prasfefli  Prcrtorio,  inftituted  by 
Conftantine.  The  civil  government  was 
jidminiftcred  by  the  vicar,  and  the  vicars  of 
the  five  provinces,  with  other  inferior  ol'ficers. 
Alter  the  troubles  of  the  Roman  empire  oc- 
cafioncd  the  witlidravv'ing  of  that  people  from 
the  land,  the  Britons,  harailcd  by  the  Piots 
and  Scots,  called  in  the  Saxons  and  Angles 
to  their  relief;  of  which  they  had  reaion  to 
repent ;  for  the  Saxons  foon  turned  their 
arms  againft  thcjii,  and  multitudes  of  their 
countrymen  following  the  firJf  adventurers, 
drove  the  unhappy  Bntcns  from  their  homes, 
and  ccr,-;pc]led  them  to  retire  to  the  moun- 
tains el  Wales,  to  Cornv/ail,  and  to  that  part 
of  the  continent  afterwards  called  Bretagnc. 
Sever::!  kirigd^ns  were  formed  by  the  jiu;.'.. 


B  R  I 

crts,  under  different  leaders,  v!z.  i.  Kent, 

wnich  ineJud  a  l..l  cu..iiLy  lo  called.  2. 
SufTex,  or  the  South-Saxons,  containing 
SuiFex  and  Surrv.  3.  Eait-Anglia,  compre- 
hending Norfolk,  Suffolk,  and  Cambridge- 
shire, with  the  I!L  of  Ely.  4.  WeU'ex,  or 
tlie  Wfft-Saxons,  in  v/hich  were  Cornwal!, 
l)(.vonihire,Dorfc:i'hire,  Somerfctfnire,  Wilt- 
Ihire,  Hampihire,  and  Berklhire.  5,  Nor- 
thumh/crland,  including  Lanc;d"liirL-,  York- 
Ihire,  Durham,  Cumberland,  Wcltmoreland, 
Northurnbc-rland,  and  a  part  of  Scotland  to 
the  Frith  of  Edinburgh.  6.  ElTex,  or  the 
Eail-Saxons,  which  compriled  Ejfex,  Mid- 
dlefex,and  partof  Hcrtfordfuire.  7.  Mercia, 
which  contained  Gloceilcrihire,  Hereford- 
Ihiie,  Warwickfnirc,  Worccllerfljire,  Li;i- 
certerfhire,  Rutlandfhirc,  NorthamptQnftnre, 
Lincolnf!ure,Huntingdonihire,  Bedford/hire, 
BuckinghamlhJre,Oxford(hire,SLaffordfhirc, 
Derbyflurc,  Shroplhire,  Nottingha.-nlhirc, 
and  part  of  Ilertfordlhire.  Alfred,  or  Ael- 
fred,  firft  divided  England  into  counties, 
''nd  thele  again  into  hundreds  and  tythings. 
"We  may,  with  equal  truth  and  propriety, 
lays  Dr.  Campbell,  place  the  large  extent  ot 
its  coail:  among  the  principal  prerogatives 
Oi  Great-Britain.  "We  mean  by  this  ibmc- 
thing  more  than  what,  in  comparilbn  of 
maritime  countries  on  the  Continent,  belongs 
to  it  as  an  iiland  ;  becaule  this  beneficial  ex- 
tent of  coaft  refults  chiefly  from  its  peculiar 
and  advantageous  figure.  By  this  means 
our  own  (hips  are  fent  out,  foreign  vefll  s 
are  invited  from  all  quarters,  go  and  return 
by  every  wind,  and  are  recei\ed  and  enter- 
tained in  i'aic  and  convenient  ports  on  every 
fide.  The  conflant,  copious,  and  conve- 
nient diilribution  of  the  goods  they  bring. 
from  foreign  parts  along  the  fhores  of  lt> 
large  an  ifland,  exclufive  of  all  that  is  fent 
by  land,  to  which  thcfe  alfo  very  Largely 
contribute;  and  the  carrying  the  fuper- 
fiuities  ol  our  own  growth,  and  manufaifiures 
from  rough  materials  imported  fiom  one 
part  of  fuch  a  country  as  this  to  another, 
gradually  produces  a  prodigious  coail:  tiade, 
which  is  of  incxprefiible  value,  as  it  occa- 
fions  fettlemcnts  near  to,  or  imrtiediatcly 
on  the  lea  coaft  ;  and  in  confequence  of  this 
the  cultivation  of  adjacent  lands,  the  im- 
provement of  harbours,  the  increafe  of  (hip- 
ping, and  the  augnicntation  of  feamen, 
which  arecircumftance:;  of  no  fm.ali  import- 
ance to  the  people  oi'  every  country  ;  but 
more  cfpccially  to  be  fought  for  and  chc- 
riihcd,  as  proper  and  peculiar  bleilmgs  to 
the  inhabitants  of  an  ifiand.  Bclidcs  thefe 
it  produces  anothei-  very  happy  effe^i.,  as  it 
affoids  incxprellible  conveniencics  for  many 
different  ibrts  of  fifliing,  and  faciliuites  the 
difrribution  of  the  produce  of  thole  fifneries, 
wljich  is  every  where  the  nr.tunJ  parent  of 
trade  and  a  naval  pow^r  ;  and  licnce  ■  it  is 


B  R  I 


B  R  I 


that  in  this,  and  indeed  in  almofi:  every 
.other  maritime  country,  of  which  we  have 
any  tolerable  hiftory,  we  find  that  the  mofl 
famous  feaports  have  rifen  by  degrees,  and 
by  a  concurrence  of  fortunate  circumftances 
up  to  that  rank,  from  being  originally  no 
better  than  fiihing  towns :  into  which,  from  a 
ferics  of  untoward  accidents,  or  from  die 
•effects  of  any  fudden  calamity,  they  as  na- 
ti  rally  dwindle  again.  For  thefe,  and  fur  a 
variety  of  other  leafons,  we  find  the  bene- 
iicia!  confequences  that  necellarily  refult 
fromfuch  an  extenfive  fea  coaft,  have  been 
conilantly  celebrated  by  "all  the  intelligent 
authors  v/ho  have  treated  of  luch  countries 
as  were  polleired  in  any  remarkable  degree 
■of  this  blelTing.  This  was  the  genuine  fource 
Voi:  indalfry,  wealth,  and  fplendour,  to  the 
ancient  Arabians ;  this  was  the  inftrument 
of  Egypt's  greatnefs;  it  v^/as  this  rendered 
the  Phoenicians  confpicuous  through  a  long 
courfe  of  ages ;  and  wherever  this  advan- 
tage is  thoroughly  improved  from  a  pro- 
per attention,  it  is  limply  irapoiTible  that  its 
inhabitants  ihould  not  thrive  fafier,  and  be 
in  all  refpects  in  a  better  condition,  than 
tlieir  neighbours. 

Britain,  {A^eiv,)  fee  Lahrador. 

Britain,  {Nenv,)  an  ifland  in  the  Eafi:-In- 
dian  fea,  ken  by  Dampier,  Roggevvein,  and 
Carteret.  What  Dampier  and  Roggeweih 
thought  was  only  one  ifland,  Capt.  Carteret 
has  (ince  found  divided  into  two  by  a  nar- 
row channel,  which  he  failed  through,  fi'om 
fouth-eaft  to  norlh-wcil,  and  gave  the  name 
of  New-Ireland  to  the  nioft  northern.  The 
toafts  of  Ncv/-Britain  are  high  and  moun- 
tainous, covered  here  and  there  with  wood. 
The  inhabitants  were  of  a  dark  copper  co- 
Jour,  well  made,  and  hardy  ;  near  the  fouth- 
cm  coail  are  a  number  of  fmaller  iflands, 
;imong  v»/hich  is  one  with  a  volcano.  Lwg. 
•148.  5.  to  148.  55.  E.  Laf.  I.  30.  to6.5o.S. 

Britain's  Bay,  a  bay  in  the  river  Poto- 
mack,  on  the  coalt  of  Maryland.  Long. 
76.50.W.  Lat.  38.  21.  N. 

Britany,  lee  Bretagne. 

Britten,  an  ifland  m  the  Frozen  Ocean, 
rear  thefouth-wclf  coaft  of  Nova  Zembla. 
Long.K,^..  14.  E.  Lat.  71.  6.  N. 

Brilvin,   a  cape   on  the   weft   coaft   of 
Kova   Zembla.     Long,  52.    14.  E.    Lat. 
■  '!4.  40.  N. 

Brive,  or  Brives  la  Gallarck,  a  town  of 
France,  and  principal  place  of  a  diltrid,  in 
the  depaitmentof  Corrczc,  fituatedin  a  fer- 
-tiie  valley,  on  the  Correze ;  it  contains 
about  40G0  fouls.  12  miles  SW.  Tulle,  r,  S. 
Uzerches.  Long.  i.  ^G.  E  Lat.  45.  lo.ISf. 

Brivefac,  a  town  of  France,  in  tiic  de- 
paruv.ent  of  the  Correze.     18  m.  E.  Brive. 

Brivicjia,  lee  hiwicfca. 

Brivi'.,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  tiie  Seiio,  on  the  lidc  of  the  Adda.    In 


1799,  a  battle  was  fought  near  this  place 
between  the  Auftrians  and  the  French,  in 
which  the  latter  were  defeated.  10  miles 
NW.  Bergamo,  18  NNE.  Milan. 

Bri\,  a   town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Channel.  5  miles  W.  Valognes. 

Brixa,  {Le,)  fee  Lebrixa. 

Brixen,  {Bifiopric  of,)  a  country  of  Ger- 
many, in  league  with  the  Tyrolefe.  The 
biiliop  was  confidered  by  the  houfe  of 
Aul>ria  aaa  land  fbite  of  Tyrol,  and  appeared 
by  his  deputies  at  the  diet,  bearing  likewife 
the  taxes  and  impofts  belonging  to  it,  but 
having,  notwithltanding,  as  an  immediate 
prince  of  the  empire,  both  feat  and  voice  at 
the  diets  of  the  empire  in  the  college  of 
princes.  He  likewife  fent  deputies,  and 
•contributed  towards  the  maintenance  of  the 
chamber-court  the  fum  of  81  rix-dollars,  i4^| 
kruitzers;  but  with  relpecl  to  the  extraordi- 
nary taxes  of  the  empire,  the  houfe  of 
Auftria  anfwcred  to  them.  Its  prelate  was  alfo 
a  ftate  of  the  circle  of  Auftria.  As  a  biihop, 
he  was  lulfragan  to  the  archbilhcp  of  Salz- 
burg. In  1802,  tins  bifliopric  was  iecularifed 
and  given  to  the  Archduke  of  Auftria,  with 
other  indemniues,  for  the  lofs  of  Tufcany; 
but  afterwards,  by  the  treaty  of  Prefburg, 
was  ceded  to  Bavaria. . 

Brixen,  a  town  of  Germany,  and  capital 
of  the  biihopiic  of  the  fame  name,  fituated 
in  a  pleafrnt  ipot,  on  the  river  Eyfack,  at 
its  union  with  the  Rienz.  The  epifcopal 
palace  is  well  built,  Exclufive  of  the  cathe- 
dral, there  are  one  parochial  and  fix  other 
churches  and  two  cioifters.  In  1080,  a 
council  was  held  here  by  the  emperor 
Henry  IV.  in  which  Pope  Gregory  VII. was 
depofed.  This  town  is  governed  by  its 
own  magiftrates,  who  are  two  burgomafters, 
and  two  ccunieilors.  In  March  1796,  it 
was  taken  by  the  French ;  and  again  in 
1797,  when  a  large  quantity  of  magazines 
belonging  to  the  Auftrians  fell  into  their 
hands.  39  miles  NNE.  Trent,  38  S.  Inn- 
ipruck.  Lojig  la.  39.  E.  Lat.  46.  43.  N. 

BrixenJJadt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Anfpach  ;  it  affords  an  afy- 
jum  for  involuntary  homicides.  In  1632, 
this  place  v/as  taken  and  plundered  by  the 
Imperial ilfs.  16  miles  FINE.  Wurzburg, 
23  WSVV.  Bamberg.  Long.  10.  22.  E. 
Lat.  49.  52.  N. 

BrixhajH,  a  finall  feaport  of  England,  fitu- 
ated on  the  weflern  fide  of  1  orbay,  in  the 
county  of  Devon,  celebrated  for  its  fifliery, 
for  which  purpofc  more  than  a  hundred  vcl- 
fels  arc  employed.  K  quay  has  lately  been 
built  for  thepurpofeof  fupplying  ihips  with 
water.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants 
was  3671.  The  Prince  of  Orange,  after- 
wards. William  I] I.  landed  here  with  his 
friends  in  1688.     3  miles  NE.  Dartmouth. 

Brizaubcurg,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 


B  R  O 


B  R  O 


department  of  the  Lower  Clurente.  7  m. 
S.  St.  Jean  d'AngcIy,  7  NE.  Saintes. 

Briz€Hy  a  town  of  Germany » in  the  Middle 
Mark  of  Brandenburg,  i  a  m.  N.Wittenberg. 

Bro,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
of  Warmeland.     22  miles  SW.  Carlftadt. 

Bro,  a  river  of  PruiTia,  which  runs  into  the 
Viftula.  z  miles  from  Culm.- 

Broad  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  Main. 
Long.  65.  19.  W.  Lat  43.  50.  N. 

Broad  Bay,  fee  Loch  "Tua. 

Broad  Creek,  a  river  of  North-Carolina, 
which  runs  into  the  Adantic,  Long.  77. 
36.  W.  Lat.  34-  42.  N. 

Bread  Creek,  a  river  of  Delaware,  which 
runs  into  the  Nanticoke,  Loiig.  75.  46.  W. 
Z^^38.  36.  N. 

Broad  Creek,  a  river  of  Maryland,  wliich 
runs  into  the  Potomack,  Long.  77.  9.  W. 
Lat.  38.  50.  N. 

Bmadhaven,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
weft  of  Ireland,  and  north-well  coaft  of  the 
county  of  Mayo.  Long.  9.  43.  W.  Lat. 
54.  17.  N. 

Broad  Inlet,  a  channel  between  two  fmall 
iflands  near  the  coaft  of  North-Carolina. 
Long.  77.  57.  W.  Lat.  34.  8.N. 

Broad  Kill,  a  river  of  Delaware,  which 
runs  into  Delaware  bay,  Long.  75.  19.  W. 
Lat.  38.  50.  N. 

BroaJL'j,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  prin- 
cipiliLv  of  Belcz.    48  miles  E.  Belcz. 

Broad  River,  a  river  of  South-Carolina, 
formed  by  the  union  of  feveral  fmallei"  rivers, 
which,  about  8  miles  NVV.  Columbia,  joins 
the  Saluda,  and  with  it  forms  the  Cangaree. 

Broad  River,  a  river  of  Georgia,  which 
runs  into  the  Savannah,  at  Peterfburg. 

Broad  Run,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
runs  into  the  Potomack,  Long.  77.  30.  W. 
Lat.  39.  9  N. 

Broad  Sound,  an  inlet  on  the  north  coaft 
of  New  Holland,  in  the  bay  of  Inletts,  SE. 
of  Cape  Palmerfton. 

Broad  Slain,  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Kent,  clofe  to  the  lea.  Several 
veffels  were  fitted  out  from  this  harbour 
fome  years  fmce  to  Greenland,  but  of  late 
the  trade  has  greatly  declined.  The  old 
pier  being  deftroyed  by  a  violent  hurricane, 
a  new  one  was  conftrudted  in  the  year  1770. 
Here  are  the  remains  of  an  ancient  gateway, 
belonging  originally  to  fome  fort,  built  to 
defend  the  coaft.  Many  people  of  fafliion 
frequent  this  place  in  the  fumnicr  feafon, 
for  the  benefit  of  air  and  fea-bathing.  2  m. 
N.  Ramfgate,  75  E.  London. 

Brohach,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sarre.     15  miles  SE.  Treves. 

Broc,  {Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Var.  6  miles  N.  St.  Paul, 
4  NNE.  Venice. 

BroccQ,  a  tov/n  of  Naples,  in  Lavora.  5 
miles  W.  Capua. 


Brfickdrop,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Hol- 
land.    6  miles  AV.  Krcnipe. 

Brooke!,  or  Brakel,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  county  ot  Verden.  5  miles  E.  Ry- 
tenburg. 

Brock  Graben,  a  river  or  canal  in  tlie 
bilhopric  of  Hildcflicim,  which  nms  into 
die  Inncrfee,  at  Sarftede. 

Br'yckfhcrg,  or  Brocken,  a  mountain  of 
Lower  Saxony,  fuppofed  to  be  one  of  the 
higheft  in  Germany.  It  contains  iron  ore, 
and  the  fummit  is  always  covered  witli 
fnow;  near  Blankenburg. 

Brod,  a  fortified  town  of  Sclavonia,  on  the 
Save,  where  the  emperor  gained  a  viftory 
over  the  Turks  in  the  year  1688.  50  miles 
N.  Serajo,  iioW.  Belgrade.  LoJig.  18.  10: 
E.  Lat.  J 5.  ao.  N. 

Bi-cd  Bohniisch,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Kaurzim.  It  was  reduced  to  aihcs 
in  1637,  and  though  fince  rebuilt,  has  not 
recovered  its  former  confcquence.'  7  miles 
NVV.  Kaurzim,  18  E.  Prague.  Long.  14. 
56.  E.  Lat.  so.  3.  N. 

Brod,  Teiitsck,  a  tov/n  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Czazlau,  on  the  Sazava.  It  was 
taken  by  the  allies  in  1741.  20  miles  SSE. 
Czazlau,  54  SE.  Prague.  Long.  15.  30.  E. 
Z.7/.  49.  36.  N. 

Brod,  l/jigarijflj,  a  town  of  Moravi;'.,  in 
the  ciicie  of  Hradifch.  8  m.  SE.  Ilnidilcli. 
I'Ong.  17.  39.  E.  Lat.  49.  3.  N. 

Bro'k,  fee  Pforten. 

Brodenfeld,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Vogtland.     3  miles  E.  Oelfnirz. 

Brodera,  a  town  of  Ilindooftim,  in  the 
country  of  Guzerat,  celebrated  for  its  beau- 
tiful linens,  indigo,  and  lace.  55  miles  SSE. 
Amcdabad,  %z  SW.  Champaneer.  Lo7ig. 
73.  12.  E.  Lat.  23.  16.  N. 

Brodelz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Bolellaw.  5  miles  S.  Jung  Buntzlaw. 

Brodick,  a  town  on  tiic  eaft  coaft  of  Ar- 
ran,  (belonging  to  the  Scotch  Hebrides,) 
fituated  in  a  bav  to  which  it  gives  name. 
Long.  4.  56.  W.'  Lat.s?,-  39-  N. 

llrodnitza,  a  town  of  Piullia,  in  the  bi- 
fliopric  of  Cuim.     30  miles  E.  Culm, 

Brodoiv,  a  town  oi  the  dutchy  of  Holftcin. 
5  miles  NE.  Neuftadt. 

Brcdra,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Agimere.     30  m.'  NE.  Kottah. 

Brody,  a  town  of  Aidbrian  Poland,  in  Ga- 
licia.     30  miles  S.  Lucko. 

Brcdziec,  a  tov/n  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Minfli.     48  miles  E.  Min(k. 

Broeck,  a  town  or  large  village  of  North 
Holland,  remarkable  for  the  elegar-t  ncatncis 
of  the  houfes  and  ftreets,  whole  inhiibitants 
carry  on  great  trade  in  cattle  and  corn.  3 
miles  W.  Monikedam. 

Bry^ltj,  a  town  of  Fn^nc?,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  E  ire.  6  <)iiles  6.  Bernay,  9  S  VV. 
Beaumont  Ic  Roger.  "• 


B  K  O 

BrogUa,  or  B  ■oil,  a  town  of  France,  m 
tbe  clcpartmci.t  of  the  Mantiiiie  Alps.  15 
miles  NE.  Kice. 

BrogKc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  deparf- 
nent  of  the  Sambre  and  Meuie.  10  miles 
WSW.  Naraur. 

Brok-,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Mafovia.  45 
nriiicsESE.V/arfaw. 

Brojo  Cajlro,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
inl.ivadia.  az  miles  ENE  T,ivadia. 
■^  Broie,  a  river  of  Swilferiand,  which  rifcs 
•  in  thr  canton  of  Friburg,  and  mns  into  the 
lake  c:  Morat,  near  Avenches. 
•  Broke?'.  Bay,  a  bav  on  tlie  eaft  coaft  of 
J-itw  Holland,  difcovered  bv  Capt.  Cook, 
1770.  This  bay,  fays  Capt.  Hunter,  is  large 
and  clear ;  the  entrance  from  the  north  to 
tliC  iouih  point  about  two  miles,  with  deptli 
e:  water  from  8  to  10  fathom ;  farther  in 
the  d'.:p-.h  leffens  to  7,  6,  and  5  fathoms. 
JvSz  within  the  noith  head  of  the  bay  is  the 
entrance  of  the  northern  branch, which  from 
tlie  fhallownefs  of  the  water,  is  only  navi[j;able 
for  boats,  or  fmall  veiTcIs  ;  the  channel  going 
£a  is  very  narrov/,  occafioned  by  a  fmall 
ipit  of  fand,  wliich  extends  from  a  low 
laudy  point  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  entr.Tnce, 
and  on  which,  when  the  wind  is  from  the 
eaftward,  thcfea  bieaks  very  high.  A  little 
within  the  fouth  head  of  the  bay  is  the 
entrance  of  the  fouthern  branch,  or  pit 
>  water.  This  is  a  good  harbour.  Long. 
15  T.  27.  E.  Lat.  z^'  34-  S. 

Broken  Bay,  or  Bay  of  St.  Antonio,  a  bay 
on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Paraguay. 
Long.  117.  51.  E.  Lat.  8.  22.  N. 

Broken  I  Hand,  an  illand  in  the  bay  of  Ben- 
gal, ne-ar  the  coaft  of  Ava.  Long.  94.  28. 
E.  Lat.  16.  30.  N.  ' 

Broken  If.and,  a  finajl  ifland  in  a  bay  on 
the  north  coaft  of  New  Guinea.  Long. 
135.  12.  E.  Lat.  2.  52.  S. 

Broken  Jjiands,  a  clufier  of  fmall  ifiands 
in  the  bay  oi  Bengal,  near  the  coaft  of  Ara- 
can.     Long.  92.  56.  E.  Lat.  19.  58.  N. 

Brokry,  a  town"  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Candeifh  country.     8  m.  SW.  Burhampour. 

Lrolanda,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Weft 
Gothland.     20  miles  S.Skara. 

Brolo,:^.  fi)rLrcfs  of  the  ifland  of  Sicilv,  in 
the  valley  of  Dcmona.     7  miles  VV.  Pati. 

Bromangcrland.  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
North  Sea,  near  the  coAft  of  Norway.  Lat. 
6X.48.  N. 

Brov.art,  a  town  of  S%vcdcn  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Nyland.     15  miles  VV.Eknas. 

Browherg,  a  town  of  Germanv,  in  the 
bilhopric  of  VVurzburg.     ;,  m.  W.'Ebern. 

Brvnd-erg,  or  BlagoscHsch,  a  town  of 
Prulhan  Poland,  in  the  palatinate  oflnow- 
roilaw,  on  the  river  Bro,  fanious  for  a  treaty 
concluded  Iicre  in  i^,^7,  between  the  King 
of  Poland  and  the  Eh:dtor  of  Brandenburg. 
4c  Hides  N.  ino\vroflr»v. 


BRO 

Brome,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin^^ 
cipality  of  Luneburg.     34  miles  E.  Zell, 

Broniham,  a.  townfliip  of  England,  in  g|| 
Wiltfliirc,  with  about  1150  inhabitants.  4  ijl 
mil'S  NNW.  Devizes. 

Bromley,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Kent,  on  the  river  Ravenfburn  Near 
the  town  is  a  palace  of  the  bilhopof  Rochei- 
ter,  to  whom  the  manor  belongs,  where  is  a 
mineral  fpring.  Here  is  a  college,  with  a 
handfome  allowance  for  twenty  poor  cler- 
gymen's widows,  firft  founded  by  Warner, 
biHiop  of  Rochefter,  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
II.  It  has  a  weekly  market  on  Thurldays, 
and  in  i8or,  contained  3700  inhabitants. 
10  miles  SSE  London.  Long.  o.  i.  E. 
Lat.  51.  24.  N. 

Bromley  Ahby,  or  Abbot'' s  Bromley,  or  Pa^ 
gett^s  Bro7n!es,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Stafford.  It  was  once  a  place  of 
confequcnce,  and  took  its  name  from  an  1 
abbey,  of  which  no  traces  now  remain.  It 
has  a  market  on  Tuefday,  with  only  about 
800  inhabitants.  13  miles  E.  Staftbrd,  128 
NW.  London. 

Brompton,z  floui  idling  village  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  of  Kent,  near  the  river 
Mcdway,  v/here  barracks  are  ereded  for  the 
marines  ftationedat  Chatham,  to  which  place 
it  joins.     30  miles  E.  London. 

Brompton,  a  populous  village  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Middlcfex,  a  little  to  the 
welt  of  London. 

Brouipton,  a  townfliip  of  England,  in  the 
north  riding  of  Yorkfhire.  14  miles  N.  New 
Mai  ton. 

Bramsehro,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Smaland,  remarkable  for  a  treaty 
made  here  in  the  year  1645,  between  Sweden 
and  Denmark.     12  miles  Chriltianople. 

Broinfgrovc,  a  town  of  England,  in  the- 
county  of  Worcefter,  fituated  on  the  river 
Salwarp.  It  is  a  borough  town,  and  fends- 
two  members  to  parliament.  Here  are  ma- 
nufadures  of  worfted,  liniey,  linen  cloths, 
fiihhooks,  needles,  and  nails,  which  in  1801, 
employed  1200  perfons,  out  of  5898,  the 
number  of  inhabitants.  The  market  is  held 
on  Tuefdays.  12  miles  NNE.  Worceller, 
ii4WN-\V.  London. 

Brontivlck,  {IVeJ},)  a  town  of  England,  in 
Staifordlhire.  In  1801,  the  population  was 
5687,  of  which  IJ93  were  employed  in  trade 
and manufaifturcs.  7 m,  SE. Wolverhampton. 

Bromyard,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Hereford,  with  a  weekly  market 
on  Monday,  and  983  inhabitants.  1^  miles 
NNE.  Hereford,  125  WNW.  London. 

Bron,{Nicder  aiid  Ober,)  two  towns  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Lower 
Khine.     10  miles  W.  Haguenau. 

Bronchcrjl,  or  Bronhcrji,  a  town  of  Hol- 
land, in  the  county  of  Zutplicn.  j  uiilvi 
N.  DocPourg. 


B  R  0 

JJrondiiris,  foe  Brar!':ar:r. 

Brondch,  a  town  ofkaly,  in  the  Dog.ido, 
fltuated  in  the  fouth  part  of  the  ill  md  of 
Chiocgio,  with  a  harbour  formed  bv  the 
mouths  of  the  Brcnta,  and  fome  other  rivers, 
which  meet  and  form  a  fpacious  refervoir, 
called  Concha  di  Brondolo,  but  not  deep 
enough  for  large  veffLls.  In  808,  this  town 
was  entirely  burnt  down,  and  in  1379,  it  was 
laid  wafte  by  the  Gennefe.  At  prefent  it  is 
;ilmoft  decayed.     12  miles  S.  Venice. 

Brcriddragene,  a  fmall  iliind  of  Deninark, 
in  the  Baltic,  or  rather  two  or  three  very 
uirrov.-  flips  of  land,  the  whole  not  three 
■miles  long,  near  the  foutii  coaft  of  the  iiland 
of  Laland.  L'tng.  \i.  27.  E.  Lat.  ^\.  37.  N. 

Broi!!,  ov  Brcv'io,  a  town  of  Italy,  where 
the  French  were  defeated  by  the  Impcrialitb 
in  t!ie  year  1703.    10  miks  SW.  Pavia. 

Br'jn".':\'-jv,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Tobolfk,  on  their  kutfk.  28 
miles  N.  Tobolfiv. 

Bronfi,  a  town  of  the  iiland  of  Sicilv. 
a8  miles  W.  Taormina.  The  gallant  Lord 
Nelfon  was  honoured  by  the  King  of  Na- 
ples with  the  title  of  Duke  of  Bronti,  for  his 
naval  fervices  to  that  crown. 

Bronzolo,  a  town  of  the  county  of  Tyrol, 
on  the  Adige.    5  miles  S.  Bolzano. 

Brcokfit'lJ,^  town  of  Mairachufeits.  r% 
piilts  W.  Bofton. 

Brooklyn,  a  town  of  New-York,  on  Long 
Ifland  ;  between  this  place  and  F!atbulh,  an 
engagement  took  place  between  the  Britifh 
troops  and  the  Americans,  in  which  the  lat- 
ter were  defeated  with,  great  lofs.  In  1790, 
it  contained  about  i6oc  inhabitants.  3  miles 
S.  New-York. 

Broiko,  A  country  of  Africa,  liruated  on 
tlie  eaft  of  Bambouk,  and  north  of  Gadou. 
The  river  Senegal  bounds  it  on  the  north- 
f  aft,  and  ff.-parates  it  from  Fooladoo. 

Broomridgc,  or  Broomrlggs,  a  place  of 
Northum.bcrland,  where  it  is  faid  a  battle 
was  fought  by  Athelftan  againll  Conflan- 
tine,  king  of  Scotland,  Ewaine,  or  Oweine, 
Iting  of  Cumberland,  and  Anlap,  the  gene- 
ral ot  the  Danes,  in  the  year  928,  in  which 
Athelilan  obtained  a  complete  victory. 

Broons,  a  town  of  France,  and  princip;J 
place  of  a  diltrid,  in  the  department  of  the 
North  Coalls.  13  miles  SE.  Lamballc,  10 
SU;.  Dinan.  Long  2.  7.  VV.  Lat.  48. 15.  N. 

i?.''';c>/:r/,  a  town  of  Siberia.  48  miles  NW. 
Tomflc. 

Broozsnk'rxhz,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Podolia.  32  miles  NE.  Ka- 
jiiiniecz. 

Brcquics,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment oF  the  Aveiron,  on  the  Tarn.  21  miles 
S.  Rhodez. 

Brer.:,  a  feaport  town  on  the  eaft  coafl 
of  Scodand,  in.  the  county  of  Stitherland ; 
pear  it  is  a  coal  inine  ;  the  coals  of  which 


B  H  O 

are  faid  to  take  Hrc  on  being  cy.paTci  to  the 
air.  Here^is  iilvcwjfc  a  quarry,  of  limc- 
ftcne,  iaterfperfcd  wxh  .1  variety  of  flielis. 
12  miles  NNE.  Dornoch.  Long.  3.  4c.W. 
i-7/.  53.  N.  _ 

Brora,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  pafTcs 
through  a  lake  of  the  fime  name,  in  the 
county  of  Sutherland,  and  runs  into  the  fca 
at  Brora. 

^  Brcrc,  a  river  of  France,  wh.ich  runs  into 
the  Meufe,  about  3  miles  b  low  tjacftrlcht. 

Brofchan,  atown  of  Br-hcmia,  in  the  circle 
of  Leitmeritz.    4  miles  S.  Lcitmeritz. 

BrofsU'-j,z  town  of  England,  in  Shropfliire, 
with  a  weekly  market  on  Wednefday,  and 
4832  Inhabitants.  The  chief  nianufacture  i^ 
that  of  pipes.  6  miles  NW.  Bridgnorth, 
146  NW.  London. 

Br  of  net,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs 
into  the  Shannon,  three  miles  above  La- 
nagher,  m  King's  County, 

Brofna,  (Little)  a  river  of  Ireland,  which 
runs  into  the  Shannon,  four  miles  above 
Banagher. 

Bros,  or  Zijf'.arns,  a  town  of  Tranfyh^a- 
nla,  fuppofedto  have  been  a  Roman  colony. 

Brojlac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Charente.  10  miles  SSE.  Bar- 
beiieux. 

Brojfclfliehn,  a  town  of  Germanv,  in  the 
principality  of  Wurlburg.  4  miles  W. 
Volkach. 

Broterod,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Henneberg,  belonging  to  the 
landgrave  of  Helle  Caffel.  3  miles  N. 
Smalkalden. 

Brother,  one  of  the  fmaller  Shetland 
iflands,  between  Yell  and  the  north  part  of 
Mainland.  Long.  1.  33.  W.  Lat.  60.  4".  N. 

Brothers,  a  clufter  of  fmall  illands,  m  the 
flraits  of  Babel-Mandeb.  Long.  43.19.E. 
Lat.  12.  10.  N. 

Brothers,  two  fmall  iflands  in  the  Eafl- 
Indian  fea,  about  36  miles  from  the  weilcoaii 
ofSiam.    Long.  <)'i.ii.V..    Laf.  ■;.  36.  N. 

Brothers,  two  fiTiall  iflaads  in  the  Eail- 
Indian  fea.  18  miles  S.  Pu!o  Laut.  Long. 
116.  18.  E.     Z/i7/.  4.  27.  S. 

Brothers,  two  fmall  iilands  in  the  Eal- 
Indian  fea,  near  the  eafl  coaft  of  Sumatra. 
Long.  106.  %.Y..     Lat-s-^-S. 

Brothers,  a  clufter  of  fmall  iflands,  near 
the  north  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Java.  Long. 
107.  12.  E.    Lat.  6.  36.  S. 

Brothers,  {Seven)  iflands  in  the  Indian  fea. 
Long.  60.  25.  E.     I^at.  3.  24.  S. 

Brothers  "Three,  fee  Three  Brothers, 

Brothers*  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  bay 
of  Honduras,  near  the  coaft  of  Mexico. 
Long.  89.  28.  W.     Lat.  16.  42.  N. 

Brotherton,  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
weft  riding  of  Yorkfliire,  where  Margaret, 
queen  of  Edward  I.  was  delivered  of  a  fon, 
named  Thomas  dc  Brotherton,  created  after. 


B  R  O 


B  R  S 


wards  carl  of  Norfolk,  and  marfhal  cf  Eng- 
land. In  t8oi,  the  population  was  994. 
j6  miles  J(I.  Doncafter,  178  N.  London. 

Brotk'ick,  a  river  of  Scotland,  wlucii  runs 
into  the  German  fe:i  at  Aberbrcthick. 

Broto  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon.  18 
iniles  E.  Jaca. 

Brou  St.  Roj/ia'm,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Eure  and  Loire.  18 
iTailesSSW.  Chartres,  10  NW._Chateav.dun. 

Broua^i  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
inent  of  the  Charente.  The  tide  flows  up  to 
the  town,  but  through  negletft  the  harbour 
is  filled  with  mud.  Here  are  confiderablc 
falt-woi-ks.     6  miles  SW.  Rochefort. 

Brouck,  or  Broiig,  fee  Brugg. 

Bi'onette,  a  river  of  North-America,  which 
runs  into  the  Wabafli.  Long.  87.  40.  W. 
Lat.  39.  44.  N. 

B}-tugh,  called  alfo  Burgh  upoit  Sfanmore, 
a  town  of  England,  in  the  county  of  Wefl:- 
morekind,  witii  a  weekly  market  on  Thurf- 
drly,  and  about  690  iiihabitants.  Heie  are 
the  remains  of  a  large  caftle,  and  the  ruins 
of  a  town,  fuppofed  to   have  been  named 

■  Verters.     6   miles  SE.  Appleby,    a6a   N. 
London.  •  Long.  2.  24.  W.  Z^/.  54.  32.  N. 

Bt'oughanl,  a  village  of  England,  in  V,'eft- 
moreland,  fuppofed,  by  the  number  of  anti- 
quities fbiind-  there,  to  be  on  the  fite  of  the 
ancient  Brocavnm.     2  miles  S.  Kendal. 

Broughton,  a  townihip  of  England,  near 
Manchefter,  containing  866  inhabitants,  of 
which  nearly  half  are  employed  in  manu- 
fac];ufes. 

Broughton  in  Furnefs .,  a  townfliip  of  Eng- 

■  land,  in'Lancafiiire,  with  about    1000  inha- 
bitants.    9  miles  NNW.  Ulverilone. 

'  Broughton,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Hants.  2  miles  SW.  Stockbrioge. 
'  BroJighiton^ s  Archipelago,  an  extcnlive 
range  of  ifiands,  rocky  iflels,  and  rocks,  in 
iin  arm  of  the  Pacilic  Ocean,  on  the  Vv-eit 
coaft  of  North-AiiK-rica  :  fo  called,  from 
Mr.  Broughton,  commander  of  the  fliip 
Chatham,  who  difcovered  tliem  in  1790, 
in  company  with  Capt.  Vancouver.  Long. 
233,  56.  to  2.33.  40.  E.  Z^??.  50.  33.t05  J.N. 

BroMglity  CaJHe,  a  caftle  of  Scotland,  in 
("he  countyof  Fife,  on  the  Tay..  In  1547  it 
was  taken  by  the  Englilh.     10  m.  N.  Cupar. 

BrouJJi,  a  lov.'n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Puy-de-D6me.    18  m. E.Clermont. 

Brouveliciirc!,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  ofthe'Voiges.    3  m,  N.Bruyres. 

Bro-iv  Head,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Ireland;  in  the  cormtv  of  Cork.  Long. 
9.  39. '\V.  J'Cit.  51.  23.  N. 

BroTuirjhavcn,  a  ic.iport  town  of  Holland, 
(ituated  on  the  north  fide  of  the  ille  of  Scou- 
wen,  oppofite  Gorec,  fa;d  to  be  {o  named  as 
Port  dcs  Brafl"curs,  the  ])Ort  or  haven  of 
brewers.  In  1426,  a  bloody  battle  '  was 
fuui^lit  ntai-  this  lown,  between  Philip  duke 


of  Burgundy,  and  Humphrey  duke  of  GIou- 
cefter,  brother  to  Henry  V.  king  of  Eng- 
land, who  came  with  3,000  Englifh  to  the 
aihffance  of  Mary  Jaqueline  countefs  of 
Holland,  in  which  the  Duke  of  Gloucefter 
v/as  defeated.  '5  miles  S.  Goree,  8  SW. 
Hclvoetiluys.  Long.  3.48.  E.  Z^/^.  51.44.N. 

Broivned  Key,  a  fmall  idand  in  the  bay 
of  Honduras,  near  the  coaft  of  Mexico. 
Long.  88.  4?.  W.    Laf.  17.  2,0.  N. 

Bro^n^s  PaJJ'age,  a  channel  of  the  north 
Pacific  Ocean,  between  Dundas's  Ifland, 
and  Stephens's  lOand,  entering  eafterly  into 
Chatham  Sound. 

Broivn  ] filet,  ^  channel  between  two  fmall 
iilands  on  the  north  coaft  of  North-Carolina. 
Long.  77.  30.  W.  Lat.  34.  32.  N. 

Broiun's  Point,  a  cape  at  the  fouth  ex- 
tremity of  the  ifland  of  Tobago.  Long.  60. 
40.  W.  Lat.  II.  10.  N. 

Bro%vnfea  Ijland,  fee  Brankfea. 

Bronvnsto'wn  Head,  a  cape  on  the  fouth 
coaft  of  Ireland,  in  the  county  of  Water- 
ford.     Long.  7.  7.  W.  Lat.  ^z.  7.  N. 

Broivnville,  a  town  of  New- York,  in  the 
county  of  Oneida.   Long.jl^.^V.  Lat.  44.N. 

Broye,  a  river  of  Svv'ilTerk'.nd,  which  rifes- 
in  the  canton  of  Friburg,  croftes  lake  Morat, 
and  runs  into  the  lake  of  Neufchatel,  about 
two  miles  N.  from  Cudrefin. 

Brozo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  the  Mela.    5  miles  N.  Brcfcia. 

Brozzoj  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Dora.  5  miles  NW.  Ivrea, 
25.  N.  Turin. 
Brfeilie,  Brjhflz,  Brzefc,z  town  of  Pruf- 
fian  Poland,  and  capital  of  a  palatinate  to 
whicii  it  gives  name,  furrounded  with  a  \yall, 
and  (ituated  in  a  marfliy  plain.  80  miles 
WNW.  Warfaw,  ico  S.  Dantzic.  Long, 
18.  ^,^.  E.  Lat.  52.  30.  N. 

Bijejhitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Prachatitz.     5  miles  N.  Blatna. 

Brfejlz,  or  Brz'efc,  a  town  of  RulTii.ra 
Lithuania,  capital  of  a  palatinate  of  the  fame 
name,  fituated  on  the  Bog,  furrounded  with 
walls,  and  defended  by  a  "caftle  built  on  a 
fliarp  rock,  -the  fee  of  a  Greek  bifliop.  Here 
is  the  largeft  Jcwifh  fynagogue  in  Europe. 
On  tiie  month  of  Odober  1794,- a  battle 
was  fought  near  this  town,  between  the 
Ruflians  and  the  Poles;  the  battle  laftcd 
eight  hours,,  and  the  Poles  were  totailv  de- 
feated. Out  of  13,600  of  the  beft  Poliih 
troops,  coniifting  of  old  eftabliflied  regi- 
ments, not  to  reckon  the  armed  peafants, 
only  live  hundred  were  made  prifoners,  as 
they  would  not  accept  of  quarter;  and  the 
reft,  all  but  300  men  who  efcaped,  weie 
cut  to  pieces,  fo  that  the  field  ot  battle,  for 
fume  miles,  was  covered  with  their  dead. 
The  whole  of  thePoli/li  artillery,  confifting 
of  two  mortars  and  24  pieces'  of  cannon, 
fell. into  the  bauds  oi  tlic  Ralllans.     iqo  nj(. 


.    .  B  R  U 

E.  Wafriw,  196  NE.  Cvricow'.      Long.  23. 
30.  E.  Lat.  52.  N. 

Brticci,  a  town  of  N;;p!c<;,  in  the  Prin- 
cipato  Citra.     13  miles  W.  P.uicaftro.    , 

Bruce  Hill,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  ifi  the 
county  of  Cavan.     iT  miles  SSW.  Cavan. 

Bnic.-Sy  a  town  of  North-Carolina.  6  miles 
NVV.  Guilford.  .   .  - 

Bruch,  or  Broich,  an  ancient  caftle  of 
Germany,  which  gives  name  to  a  figniory 
in  the  dutchy  of  Berg,  about  18- miles  in 
circumference.     4  milcs-E.  Duiihurg. 

Bruch,  a  town  of  France,,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  .5  .miles 
NNE.  Nerac,  9  W.  A  gen. 

Brnche,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  111  at  Strafburg.    '      . 

BriickhatifdH,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Hoya.     5  miles  W.  Hoya. 

Bruchkohd,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Hanau-Mu2enburg.  %  miles 
N.  Hanau. 

Bruc'-fal,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  the  Upper-Rhine,  fitiiatcd  on  the 
Salza,  where  the  bifhop  had  a  palace,  and 
.  an  arfenal.  During  the  v/ar,  ■  this  place 
was  taken  and  retaken  feveral  times.  11 
miles  SE.  Spire,  15  S.  Heidelberg:  /-c;/.'j. 
8.  58.  E.  Lat.  49.  8.  N. 

Brack,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  fhe  prin- 
cipality of  Culmbach,  on  the  ReJnitz-  17 
miles  NNW.  Anfpach. 

Bruck,  or  Bragg,  a  town  of  Auflria, 
on  the  river  Leyta.  Afparagus  grows 
without  culture  in  the  environs  of  the  town. 
Zj  miles  E.  Baden,  20  ESE.  Vienna.  Lo>jg. 
16.  45.  E.  Lat.  48.  2.  N. 

Bruck,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the. elec- 
torate of  Saxony,  ai  miles  N.  Wittenbeig, 
ID  SW.  Potzdam.  Long.  12.  4i.E.  Lat. 
j2.  12.  N. 

Bruck,  or  Pruck,  a  town  of -Bavaria, 
in  the  Upper  Palatinate.  18  miles  NNE. 
Ratiiton. 

Bruck,  a  tov/n  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Am- 
mer.     8  miles  W.  Munich. 

Bruck  am  Muhr,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Upper  Stiria,  on  the  Muhr,  anciently 
called  Muripcns,  or  Bruga  ad  Murum.  18 
miles  N.  Gratz,  70  SW.  Vienna.  Long.  15. 
8.  E.  Lat.  47.  25.  N. 
Bruck,  fee   Pruck. 

Bracken,  a  town  of  Thuringia.  4  miles' 
SW.  Sangerdiaufen. 

Bruckenau,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifhopric  of  Fulda.     14  m.iles  S.  Fuida. 

Bruckencforf,  a  rown  of  PnilFia,  in  the 
province  of  Oberland.  8  miles  SE.  Mo- 
rungen.  -     '    ' 

Bruckla.-v,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in   the 

county  of  Reus.     8  mil-?s  WNW.  Greitz.  ' 

Bruda,  .a  river   of  Nap;es,  which  runs 

into  the  gulf  of   Squillace,  Long.   16.  50. 

E.  Lat.  38.  27.  N. 


B  R  IT 

_    Brtidn^K.;  a  river  of  Silefin, 'which  runs 
into  the  Oder,  7  miles  below  Oppeln. 

-  Bruc,ox  Breiv,  a  river  of  England,  v/hiclV 
rifes-  near    Bruton    in    Somerfetfhire,    and 
crofling  the  county,  runs   into   the  Briilol 
Channel,  8  miL-s  N.  Bridge  water. 

Bruegcl,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Roer.     10  miles  SE.  Venio. 

Bnii'l,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  tlje  dutchy 
of  Mecklenburg,  n  miles  SE.  Wifmar. 
Loir:;.  II.  46.  E-  Lat.  53.  49,  N. 

•  Bruel,  or  Brugl,  or  Bnihl,  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Rhine,  and 
Mofeile.     6  miles  S.  Cologne. 

Br  Here,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cher,  on  tiie  river  Cher.  iS 
miles  S.  Bourges,  4  NW.  St.  Amand. 

Brudr' s  ijland,  an.  illimd  in  the  Mergui 
Archipelago,  of  an  .oval  form,  and  about'iz 
miles  in  circuniference.     Lat.  9.  28.  N. 

Bruj]iier,.{La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  th.e 
department  of  Vendee.  9  m.  W.  Mortagne. 

Brugy  or  Brig,  a  town  of  Swiflerland, 
and  principal  place  of  a  diftriiH:  in  the 
Valais,  on  the  eafl  fide  of  the  Rhone.  27 
miles  E.  Sion. 

-  Bruga,  a-tow;i  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  the  Serio,     ii  miles  N.  Bergamo. 

Brugej,  a- town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the.  Lower  Pyrenees.  12  miles  S. 
Pau,  .13  SE.  Oleron.      • 

•  Bruges,  a  cfty-  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lys;  .before  the  French  revo- 
lution, a  city  of  the  fecond  rank' in  Auftrian 
F^andersi  ^  It  is  about  four  miles  in  circum- 
ference, and  advaniageoulTy'  fltuated  in  a 
plain,  having,-bv  means  of  canals,- a  navigable 
comrnunication  Avit h  Ghent,.'  Olfend,  Dun- 
kirk/Nieupo.rt,Eurnes,  D'anime,  Sluys,  &c. 
This  city  vv'as  in  tlie  ,14th  century;a  place 
of  the  greateft  trade  in. Europe;  in  i't  were 
confuls  for  the.  regiilatiou'-of  Irac^e  from  all 
the  different  citiesandf  ountries ;  and  n;itional 
warehouics  and  magazines  to' dcpofit  their 
goods,  wiiic-li  jv.ere  brought  here  as  the  great 
mart.  The- merchants  ot  Veoice  fe'nt  inther 
the  produiS  of  the  call:;  the'traders  of  the 
north  -brought  hither,  the  producHon  of  the 
Baltic,  and. the  EnghTlifcnt  their  wool;  the 
dukas  of  Burgundy,  tlieir  lords,  encouraged 
trade,  and undertheir aufpices they ilourilhed; 
but  in  the  year  1489,  the  citizens  had  the 
audacity  to  arrufl- the  Archduke  Maxiniilian, 
who  hit  1-  married  Mary,  the  heirefs.of  the 
hqufe  of  Burgundy;  to  atlVon't  his  domeftics ; 
and  mal-tfjat  his  oflicers ;  they  even  de- 
manded ah'i'tance  from  the  King  of  France, 
and  the  Duke  of  Gncldeis :  this  tumult  con- 
tinued fourteen  months,  but  being  fearful  of 
much  worie  c.or.fequencc:,  they  .implored 
the  cleiTtencv  of  their  pjince;  56  were  con- 
demned to  death,  a  gr'eat  number  banifhcd 
and  the  citv  fined  in  a  large  fum.  From 
that  time  Bruges  began  to  decline,  and  Ant- 


B  R  U 

vcrp,  fo'  advantageoufly  fituatcd  on  tlie 
banks  of  a  con{lderable  river,  became  its 
rivrtl,  and  foon  its  fuperior.  Having  a  com- 
rrjunication  with  the  fea  from  Oftend,  by 
mrin;  of  a  navigable  canal,  it  is  y£t  a  place 
of  confidcrable  trade,  with  manufadures  of 
&iiW,  linen,  Sec.  It  was  formerly  in  the 
diocefc  of  Tournav,  but  was  in  the  year 
1559,  erefted  into  a  bifhopric  by  Philip  II. 
kinf;  of  Spain,  fubjeft  to  the  archbifhop  of 
iVlalines.  I.i  i4.;o,  Philip  the  Good,  duke 
of  Burgimdy,  iulfituted  the  order  of  the 
Golden  Fleece  at  Bruges.  The  ftreets,  160 
in  nu-^iHer,  are  in  general  fpacious,  and 
the  hc\ifes  large  but  old;  there  are  fei-en 
gates  and  fix  grand  markets,  but  they  have 
D either  fountain  or  river,  the  water  which 
fuppHes  the  city  being  brought  from  Ghent, 
from  the  rivers  Lys  and  Scheldt,  by  means 
of  pipes.  The  principal  buildings  are  the 
townhoufe,  the  h;:lis,  the  mint,  &c.  At 
the  end  of  the  grand  market  is  a  fine 
fteeple,  one  of  the  moll  beautiful  of  the  kind 
Lt  Europe,  ^-.i  iteps  in  height,  and  fjvnilhed 
with  bells  and  chimes,  which  play  a  different 
tune  every  quarter  of  nn  hour.  There  are 
feveral  fine  churches  at  Brages;  the  cathe- 
dral is  dedicated  to  St.  Donnt,  but  the  church 
at  Notre-Dame  is  the  moft  beautiful,  v.hofe 
fleeple  is  a  fea  mark  to  failors  coming  to 
Oftend;  in  the  treafury  are  prefen-ed  the 
nchveftments  of  Thcmas-a-Bt  :ket,  adorned 
with  precious  ftoues.  Seventeen  houl'es  or 
palaces  yet  remain,  the  ancient  habitations 
of  fo  m.^ny  confuls  of  trade.  T!;e  ma- 
g.iftracy  of  Bruges  is  compofed  of  two  bur- 
gomallers,  twelve  echevJn?,  twelve  coun- 
fl'llors,  lix  penliontrs,  and  tu'o  grciHers. 
This  city  was  bombarded  by  the  Dutch,  on 
tile  4th  of  July,  1704,  but  without  fuccefs; 
it  lubmitted  to  the  allies  in  1706,  after 
the  b.it'!e  of  Pvamilies;  in  1708,  it  was  ii-;- 
veiled  by  the  French,  under  the  command 
ofComte  de  la  Motthe,  and  fiarrendtred  the 
5th  of  .'Kily.  T  he  allies  re-entered  it  the 
l-cc;inning  of  the  year  1709,  in  virtue  of 
;;  Capitulation  figncd  on  the  taking  of  Ghent, 
the  ;,cth  of  Deceniber  1709.  The  magif- 
trates  opened  the  gates  to  the  French  troops, 
:ir,d  figned  a  formal  fubmillion  to  the  French 
republic,  on  the  14th  of  June,  1794.  In 
the  year  179;^,  a  conlideiable  force  was 
fcnt  fi-om  England  to  deitroy  the  fluiees 
between  this  place  and  Oftend,  under  the 
commard  ot  Ma.ior-Cieneral  Coote.  In  the 
account  tranfmitted  to  government,  conii- 
del  able  diimiigt.  fecms  to  have  been  dor.c  ;  but 
in  the  end  ab^^ut  icoo  men  were  obliged  to 
fui  render  themfelves  prifoncrs  of  war.  The 
n^ajor-general  w;is  wounded,  and  Colonel 
Campbell  killed.  21  miies  \V.  Ghent,  iz 
F.  Oltend.  L:>!^\  ,].  14.  E.  Z-.?/.  51.  11.  N. 
Bru^[^,  or  liruck,  a  town  of  Swiil'erland, 
in  the  ciunon  of  Berne,  on  tlie  river  Aar. 


B  R  U 

It  formerly  belonged  to  the  counts  of  Habf- 
burg,  of  the  houie  of  Aultria  ;  the  inhabi- 
tants embraced  the  proteftant  religion  in 
the  year  1529.  21  miles  S.  Bale,  42  NNE. 
Berne 

Bru^gen^  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifhopric  of  Hildeflieim,  on  the  eafl  fide  of 
the  Leine.     12  miles  SW.  Hildeiheim. 

Bruggen,  or  Bruck,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Rocr,  on  the 
Schv/alm-  On  the  2d  of  March  1793,  a 
battle  was  fought  near  this  town,  between 
the  PrufTians,  under  the  comm.and  of  Prince 
Frederick  of  Brunfwick,  and  the  French, 
in  which  the  latter  were  defeated,  with  the 
lefs  of  130C  killed,  and  700  prifoncrs.  6 
miles  NE.  Ruremond. 

Bruggaiy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment  of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle.  iS 
miles  W.  Andernach 

Brugran,  a  river  of  North- Wples,  which 
runs  into  the  Severn,  about  two  miles  above 
Llanydlos,  in  the  county  of  Montgomery. 

Brugkat,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partm.ent  of  the  Allier.    7  miles  E.  Gannat. 

Brugnaruy  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  8 
miles  SSW.  Torre 

Brtigneiroy  a  tov/n  of  Genoa,  fituatcd  at 
the  for,t  of  the  Appennines,  the  fee  of  a 
biuiop,  fuffragan  of  Genoa.  35  miles  ESE. 
Genoa.     Long.  9.  ■53.  E.   Lai.  44.  17.  N. 

Bruguitre,  dit  D'.ilac  {Lay)  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Tarn,  4. 
miles  S.  Caftres. 

Bruguieres-,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Upper  Garonne.  9  miles 
N.'  Touloufe. 

/;,-:.'/'/,  lee  BrneL 

Brukiiy  or  Bruko,  a  town  of  Africa,  be- 
longing to  die  kingdom  of  Yani,  on  the 
fouth  coait  of  the  Gambia.  160  miles  from 
the  iti.    Long.  13.  49^  W.  Lat  13.  18.  N. 

BrukfaU  an  iOand  of  Africa,  in  the  river 
Senegal,  near  the  mouth. 

Brulhsy  fee  Berchs. 

Brulo)!,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-^ 
ment  of  the  Saite.  9  miles  N.  Sable,  10  W. 
Le  Mans. 

Bfuvuuhy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Rhine.  6  miles  SSW. 
Ilaguenau,  9  N.  Strafburg. 

Ih-ipnan,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle 
of  Ilrndifch.  21  miles  E.llradifch.  Long. 
18.  9.  ^^  Lat.  49.  7.  N. 

Brumbach,  Kirchy  or  Braulmch.,  a  citadel 
of  Germany^  in  tlie  county  of  Wertheiin. 
15  miles  W.  Wertheini. 

Bru>i:b,:ch,  LiJ/igi;:,  a  town  of  Gcrnuiny, 
inthec<junty  of  Eibaeh.    16  miles N.Eibueh. 

B>'!w.'p(,  A  tov.n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Rhine.  This  town 
formerly  belonged  to  the  Count  of  Leiningen.^ 
In  1389,  it  was^ burned  by  the  inhabitants  of 
Stiafburg.    8  niiks  N.  Strafburg, 


6  R  U 

J^r;/;;,  n  town  of  Germtny,  in  tKe  prin- 
cipality of  Culmbach.     8  miles  E.  Ncullatt. 

Brunca,  {La,)  a  feaporttown  on  the  welt 
coaft  of  :he  ifland  of  Sicilv,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  gulfuf  Catania.  i6  miles  S.  Gatania. 
■    Brivh'ck,  or  Brune^ep.,  fee  Brduneck. 

Brunenthali  a  town  of' Germany,  \h  the 
principality  of  Culmbach.    2  m.  NVV.  Hof. 

Ilrui.'ct,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  fouthcoall 
of  Newfoundland,  at  the  entrance  into  For- 
tune bay.    Long.  55.  4.  W.  Lctt..\-].  15. N. 

BrtnictOt  fee  Brugrieto. 

Brunette,  {La,)  a  ftrong  fiirtrefs  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Po,  near 
the  town  of  Sufa.  By  an  article  in  the  peace 
concluded  between  the  French  and  the  King 
of  Sardinia,  in  April  1796,  this  fortrefs  was 
to  be  difmantled.  It  has  iince  become  a  part 
of  France. 

Bruniquel,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot.     24  miles  SSE.  Cahors. 

Brunkkcla,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Abo.  14  miles  NNE.  Abo. 

Brunn,  a  town  of  Auflria.  8  miles  W. 
Ebenfurth. 

Brunn,  a  town  of  Auffria.  4  m.  W.  Korn. 

Brunn,  or  Brno,  or  Brinn,  a  city  ot  Mo- 
ravia, the  capital  of  a  circle  to  which  it 
gives  name;  the  fecond  town  in  rank,  and 
firll  in  commerce,  ot  the  marquifate;  fitu- 
ated  atthe  conflux  of  therivers  Schv/artfchaw, 
and  Surtawa.  It  is  not  large,  but  populous ; 
the  number  of  inhabitants  about  i3ooo. 
There  are  manufiftures  of  cloth,  velvets, 
and  plufh.  The  diets  of  the  Itate  are  held 
here  alternately  with  Olmutz.  It  is  defend- 
ed by  a  fbcng fortrefs  called  Spilberg,  built 
on  an  eminence  near  the  town.  In  1645, 
k  held  out  againll  the  Swedes.  The  Pruf- 
lians  laid  fiege  to  it  in  the  year  I74z,  but 
Avere  compelled  to  abandon  the  enterprife. 
2Z  miles  S\V.  Olmutz,  100  SE.  Prague,  156 
SE. Drefden.  /.ci/i^.  16.30. E.  Lat.i^^.\z.l^. 

Brunn,  a  circle  of  Moravia,  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Bohemia,  on  the  eafi:  by  the 
circles  of  Olmutz  and  Kradiich,  on  the  fouth 
by  Aufbria,  and  on  the  weit  by  the  circles  of 
Iglau  and  Znaym.  In  it  are  many  iron 
mines  and  forges,  medicinal  Iprings,  quarries 
of  marble,  glafs-houfes,  and  alum  works.  It 
is  liiid  to  contain  70  tov/ns,  and  above  20,871 
houfes.     Brunn  is  the  capital. 

Brunnen,  a  populous  town  of  SwifTerland, 
in  the  canton  of  Schwitz,  on  the  Jake  of  the 
four  cantons,  where  the  deputies  of  the 
Catholic  cantons  aflcmble.  Here  it  was  that 
the  cantons  of  Uri,  Schwitz,  and  Under- 
walden,  formed  a  perpetual  alliance,  which 
Avas  the  foundation  of  the  Swifs  republic, 
ai  n:iiles  S\V.  Schwitz. 

Brnnn,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  the  bifliop- 
ric  of-  Bamberg.     12  miles  N.  Bamberg. 

Brunn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
ihopric  of  Wur^burg.  %  miles  E,  Muntruatt. 

Vol.  I.  B  h 


_  Brum!,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  biHiop- 
ric  of  Wurzburg.  3  miles  E.  Gcroltzhofen. 

Brunn,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment ofMarengo.  9  miles  SW.  Alexandria. 

Brunnjlo,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Jamtland, 
on  an  arm  of  lake  Storfio.  9  miles  SE. 
Olfcrilind. 

Brunnthal,  lee  Freudenthd. 

Bruno,  a  river  of  Etruria,  which  runs  into 
the  lake  of  Caltiglione,  ne;ir  Buriano. 

Bru'ioy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Seine  and  Qife.  6  rn.N.  Corbeil. 
_  Brunjl'crg,  a  town  of  Germany,   in  the 
circle  of  Wclfphalia,  belonging  to  the  abbey 
of  Corvcy.     4  miles  WNW.  Ilochftcr. 

Brunjbuttcl,  a  town  of  the  dutchyof  LIoI- 
ffcin,  on  the  north  fide  of  the  Elbe.  40 
miles  NW.  Hamburg,  ro  NW.  Gluckffadt. 

Brunjhufcn,  a  fort  on  the  fouth  lide  of  the 
Elbe,  on  the  coafc  of  Bremen,  where  fliips 
iailingupthcriver  areobliged  to  ftop  and  give 
an  account  of  their  lading.   6  m.  N.  Stade. 

_  Bruujhjg,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Warmeland.  20  m.  NVV\  Carflad. 

Bruvspcrg,  fee  Braun/lwrg. 

Brunjiatt,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Rhine.  7  miles  N. 
Altkirch.  «r 

Brurfivick,  a  country  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Lower  Saxony,  with  the  title  of 
dutchy ;  bounded  on  the  north  by  Luneburg, 
on  the  eaft  byMadgcburg,  Hnlberfl-adt,  and 
Anhalt,  on  the  fouth  by  Thuringia  and 
HefTejandon  the  well  by  Minden,"  Koya, 
andLippc:  Brunfwick  is  the  capital.  Au- 
thors^ include  likewife  und.-;  the  name  of 
Brunfwick  all  that  the  princes  of  this  houfe 
pollefs  in  Lower  Saxony,  w'here  they  form 
different  branches;  fuch  are  the  dutchies and 
territories  of  Luneburg,  Gottingen,  Gru- 
benhagen,  Calenberg,  Wolfenbuttel,  Hano- 
ver,^ Zell,  Ultzen,  Danneberg,  Marpiirg, 
GifFhorn,  Eimbeck,  and  Hanieln.  The 
country  is  good  and  fertile;  there  are  many 
mines,  plenty  of  game,  and  abundance  cV 
corn.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Wcler, 
Ocker,  Leyne,  Ilmenau,  and  Viper.  There 
are  a  number  of  medicinal  fprings,  large 
forelh,  and  plenty  of  all  the  neceiTaries  of 
life.  Commerce  and  manufactures  were 
once  flourifhing,  but  the  Gciman  wars  of  the 
1 7th  century  produced  a  great  change ;  and 
this  country  fufFered  as  mucli  as  any  other 
part  of  the  empire.     Population  is  170,000. 

Bru'^fiviik,  a  city  of  Germany,  capital  of 
the  dutchy  of  the  fame  name,  and  refidence 
of  the  Prince  of  Brunfwick-Wolfenbuttcl,  is 
fituated  on  the  Ocker;  faid  to  have  been 
built  in  the  year  868  by  Bruno,  Ion  of  Adol- 
phus  duke  of  Saxony  ;  Iince  that  greatly 
enlarged  by  Henry  the  Fowler,  a^d  divers 
other  princes.  The  torm  is  nearly  Iquarc, 
and  meafures  two  miles  in  circumfeix-ncc ; 
it  contains  five  or  fix  fquare.";,  and  a  number 


B  R  U 

of  handrome  buildings,  among  which  are 
the  town-houfe,  and  feveral  churches,  all  for 
Proteftants ;    the  inhabitants   of  this  town 
being  among  the  firft  who  embraced  the  doc- 
trine of  Luther.  There  are  befides,  a  college 
for  the  ftudy  of  arts  and  fciences,  which 
has  a  well  furnifhed  library,  an  opera-houfe, 
a  theatre,  and  a  cuftom-houfe.     Brunfwick 
was  formerly  one  of  the  Hanfe  towns,  and 
governed  as  a  republic,  afferting  that  they 
had  purchafed  their  freedom  from  the  dukes 
of  Brunfwick ;  who  feveral  times  with  arms 
difputed  this  pretenfion.    In  the  years  1542. 
1550,  and  1553,  Henry  the  Young  beiieged 
the  town,  which  fuffered  very  confiderably; 
but  being  fuccoured  by  forae  troops  of  their 
allies,  the  people  preferved  their  liberty.   In 
1569,  an  accommodation  took  place;  but  in 
16 1 7,  Frederick  Ulric  compelled  them  to 
pay  him  homage;  and  in  1670,  Rodolphus 
Auguftus  took  poiTeflion  of  the  town,  and, 
it  is  faid,  by  means  of  cannon  which  he  had 
borrowed  of  the  inhabitants  for  another  pur- 
pofe;  and  afterwards  built  a  citadel  to  fecure 
its  fubje£i:ion.    The  town  is  populous,  but 
not  fo  much  fo  as  it  was  when  a  free  town ; 
for  the  numerous  garrifon  placed  there  by 
the  Duke  drove  aw«(r  a  great  number  of  the 
tradefmen,  and  injured  its  commerce.    The 
number  of  inhabitants  is  eftimated  at  22,000. 
Two  fairs  are  held  at  Brunfwick  annually, 
one  in  winter,  the  other  in  fummer,  and  both 
continuing  18  days.    The  fummer  fair  be- 
gins on  the  Monday  after  St.  Laurence's 
day;  and  the  winter  fair  on  the  Monday 
after  Candlema"-.    The  trade  is  not  however 
confined  to  the  two  fairs,   for  the   traffic 
for  flax  and  yarn  is  at  all  times  very  great; 
and  the  hops  growing  in  the  neighbourhood 
are  a  fource  of  great  riches.  Another  article 
of  trade  is  fuccory-root,  prepared  as  coffee, 
o(  which  many  tons  are  fent  annually  to 
Lubeck,  to  be  from  thence  exported  to  Swe- 
den, RuHia,  &c.     Hams,  faufages,  and  other 
fmoke-dried  provifions, arelargely exported; 
as  likewifc  the  flrong  beer  or  mum,  fo  called 
from  the  inventor  orbrewer,  Chriflian  Mum- 
men.     The  invention  of  fpinning-whcols  is 
afcribcd  to  a  ftatuary  of  this  town  named  Jur- 
gcn.  In  i75  7,theFrench  took  Brunfwick,  but 
evacuated  it  the  year  following ;  and  in  1 76 1, 
attempted  to  tiike  it  again,  but  without  fuc- 
cefs,     7  miles  N.  Woltenbuttel,  47  WNW. 
Magdeburg.  Long.  10.46. E.Lut.';z.  15. N. 

Bnwfivick,  (New,)  a  government  or  di- 
vifion  of  Nova-Scotia,  lying  on  the  north- 
wcflof  the  bay  of  Fundy,  bounded  on  the 
fuuth  by  the  American  States,  on  the  weft 
Hnd  north  by  Canada,  and  on  the  eaft  by 
die  gulf  uf  St.  Laurence.  St.  Jolin's  river 
Wofics  it  in  the  centre  from  north-wefb  to 
li'uth-eafl.     Frederick  Town  is  the  capital. 

Jinaifwick  (Ninv,)  a  city  of  LTnitcd 
Amciica,  iutlicltateof  New  Jerfty,  lituatcd 


B  R  IT 

on  the  fouth-weft  fide  of  the  Rariton,  with 
a  port  for  fmall  vefTels ;  the  inhabitants  carry 
on  a  confiderable  trade.  The  number  of  in- 
habitants about  2000,  halfof  which  are  Dutch, 
or  of  Dutch  extradion.  45  miles  NE.  Phi- 
ladelphia, 25   SW.  New-York.    Lo7ig.  74. 

30.  W.  Lat.  40.  29.  N. 

Brunfvjtck,  a  town  of  America,  In  the  pro- 
vince of  Maine.  102  miles  NE.  Boflon. 
Long.  69.  58.  W.  Lat.  43.  50.  N. 

Brunpwick,  a  town  of  North-Carolina, 
near  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river  on  the 
wefl  fide.  88  miles  SSW.  Newbern.  Lotig. 
78.  12.  W.    Lat.  34.  2.  N. 

Brimfvj'tck,  a  town  of  America,  in  Georgia, 
on  Turtle  river.  Brunfwick  has  a  good  and 
capacious  harbour,  and  promifes  to  become 
a  place  of  great  trade,  from  the  richnefs  of 
the  foil  of  the  neighbouring  country,  t,:,  miles 
SSW.  Savanna.    Long.  %i.  45.  W.    Lat. 

31.  14.  N. 

Bruti/kvick-Houfe,  a  fettlement  on  Moofe 
river,  in  Canada.  Lotig.  83.  31.  W.  Lat. 
50.  13. N.  ' 

Bnmufee.,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Stiria. 
12  miles  W.  Rackefburg. 

Bruree,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Limerick,  remarkable  for  a  meeting  of  the 
Irifn  bard?  half  yearly,  and  which  continued 
as  late  as  the  year  1746.    15  m.  S.  Limerick. 

Brufa,  fee  Bur/a. 

Brufaporto,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Tre- 
vifan.     8  miks  SW.  Trevigio. 

Briifchy  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Rhine  at  Strafburg.  By  means  of  fluices 
it  forms  a  canal  from  Molflieim. 

Bntfchio,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
Upper  Engadine.     3  miles  N.  Tirano. 

Briifegatiat  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Paduan. 

4  miles  WNW.  Padua. 

Brufvijkoi,  an  ifland  of  RufTia,  in  lake 
Onezkoe.     40  miles  SE.  Petrovadflcoi. 

Brujliau,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pak- 
tinate  "of  Braclaw.  48  miles  NNW.  Braclaw. 

Briifon.,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Paduan. 
9  miles  ENE.  Padua. 

Brufque,  a  town  i^f  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aveiron.  12  miles  S.  St.  Afrique. 

BruJ'quett  (.L,e,J  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lower  Alps,  and  chief 
place  of  a  canton,  in  the  diftrit^l:  of  Digne. 

5  miles  NE.  Digne. 

Brujfelst  or  Bruxcllcs,  a  city  of  France, 
and  capital  of  the  department  of  the  Dyle. 
This  place  was  called  the  ornament  and 
delight  of  the  Netherlands,  the  richefl 
and  gayefl  city  of  Brabant,  heretofore  the 
refidence  of  the  court:  it  is  built  in  a  fertile 
country,  one  part  of  it,  to  the  eall,  fituatcd 
on  an  eminence;  the  other  part,  to  the  wcll^ 
fituated  in  a  plain,  and  well  watered  by  the 
river  Scnne,  which  runs  through  it,  and 
branclies  into  fevend  ftreams,  forming  many 
fmaJl  iflands;  the  name  is  by  lomc  derived 


B  RU 

from  a  neighbouring  morafs,  named  Broeyt- 
fel ;  by  others  from  a  bridge  named  Bruxel ; 
however  that  may  be,  i'o  long  ago  as  the 
year  900,  it  had  a  market  and  a  calile  ;  and 
in  the  year  i.uo,  was  lurrounded  with  a  wall 
of  freeflone,the  ruins  of  which  are  yet  vihble. 
Between  the  years  i;,^;  and  1370,  it  was 
conliderably  enlarged,  and  is  now  laid  to  be 
7  miles  in  circumference.  Without  the  walls 
are  16  half-moons,  and  a  counterfcarp  along 
the  fofTe.  Bnilfels  contains  feven  parifhes, 
Ste.  Gudule,  Notre  Dame  de  la  Chapelle, 
St.  Geri,  St.  Nicholas,  Ste.  Catharine,  St. 
Jaques  de  Caubergue,  and  Notre  Dame  de 
Finis-terrs.  According  to  the  faying  of 
Putearius,  a  famous  hiftorian  of  the  country, 
the  number  feven  is  remarkable  at  Brulfels, 
firft  having  feven  lords  at  one  time,  who  had 
each  a  chateau,  whofe  defcendants  form  the 
feven  patrician  families,  from  which  the  ma- 
giftrates  arc  elecfhed,  diefe  are  the  families  of 
Steenweghe,  Sleeuws,  Serhuyghs,  Couden- 
berg,  Serroelofs,  Sweerts,  and  Rodenbeeck; 
there  arc  feven  grand  places  or  markets,  be- 
lldes  others  lefs  conliderable ;  I'even  gates, 
that  of  Louvain  to  the  ealf,  that  of  Namur 
to  the  fouth,  ihofe  of  Halle  and  Anderlecht 
to  the  weft,  thufe  of  Flanders  and  Laecken 
to  the  north,  and  that  ofScharebeeck,  other- 
wife  called  the  gate  of  Cologn,  to  thenorth- 
eaft.  Without  the  gate  of  Halle,  about  200 
paces,  is  a  fort,  called  Fort  de  Monterey, 
beingbuilt  by  Comte  de  Monterey,  governor- 
general  of  the  Netherlands,  in  1672.  From 
Bruffels  a  canal  is  cut  to  the  river  Rupple,  a 
little  beyond  the  village  of  Willebroeck,  by 
means  of  which  there  is  a  daily  communica- 
tion in  barges  with  Antwerp ;  this  canal  was 
begun  the  nth  of  June,  1550,  and  made  fit 
for  navigation  on  the  nth  of  Odober,  1561, 
under  the  diredtion  of  the  celebrated  archi- 
teift  George  Rinaldi:  the  elevation  of  the 
ground  is  fifty  feet,  and  regulated  by  means 
of  five  fluices;  the  length  of  the  canal  is  about 
ar  miles,  and  is  faid  to  have  coft  1,800,000 
florins:  by  this  means  the  ocean  and  the 
Scheldt  are  open  to  Bruffels,  to  the  great 
convenience  of  the  trade  of  the  city.  The 
palace  where  the  governor  relides  was  begun 
in  the  year  1300,  by  John  U.  duke  of  Bra- 
bant, enlarged  in  the  year  1452,  by  Philip 
the  Good,  and  finilhed  by  his  fucceflbrs;  it 
ftands  on  an  eminence  with  a  large  fquare 
before  it,  encircled  with  pillars  of  brafs,  on 
which  are  flatues  of  feveral  emperors  and 
dukes  of  Brabant,  large  as  life,  finilhed  in  the 
year  1521:  behind  the  palace  is  an  exten- 
five  and  beautiful  park,  well  ftocked  with 
deer,  and  planted  with  trees;  at  the  extre- 
mity, near^he  gate  of  Louvain,  ftands  a  plea- 
fure-houfe,  built  by  order  of  Charles  V.  where 
he  fometimes  refided  after  his  abdication  of 
the  crownj  in  favour  of  his  fon  Philip  H. 
hence   called  the  emperor's  houfe.      The 

B  bi 


B  R  U 

Hotel  de  Vllle  in  the  grand  market-plaCe  Is 
a  remarkable  ftruflure,  it  was  begun  in  1380, 
and  not  finiflied  b'.fore  the  vear  1442;  its 
turret  is  an  admirable  piece  of  Gothic  archi- 
teifture,  364  feet  in  heii;ht;  on  the  tup  is  the 
figure  of  St.  Michael  in  copper  gilt,  1 7  feet 
high,  which  turns  with  the  wind.  There 
arc  many  palaces  belonging  to  the  nobility, 
the  Prince  of  Ligne,  Duke  of  Aremberg,  Scc- 
in  which  are  many  valuable  paintings  by  the 
beft  Flemifh  mafters.  The  opera-houle  is  a 
grand  ftru(5fure,  ereded  in  the  year  1700, 
after  the  Italian  manner,  by  order  of  the 
Ele<Stor  of  Bavaria,  then  governor-general  of 
the  Low  Countries.  The  church  of  Ste. 
Gudule,  which  is  collegiate,  is  a  very  mag- 
nificent ftrudture,fituated  in  a  higher  part  of 
the  city,  and  approached  by  a  flight  of  fteps  ; 
it  was  built  in  the  year  1047,  hy  Lambert, 
furnamed  Balderic,  duke  of  Brab  int,  and  de- 
dicated to  Ste.  Gudule,  whofe  remains  were 
removed  hither  from  the  church  of  St.  Geri, 
at  the  inftigation  of  Gerard  bilhop  of  Cam- 
bray.  Belides  the  pariih  churches,  there  are 
a  great  many  chapels,  monafteries,  and  con- 
vents. The  governor-general  kept  his  court 
with  the  honours  of  a  jfovereign  prince,  be- 
ing attended  with  a  company  of  archers,  a 
company  of  halberdiers,  and  three  companies 
of  horfe-guards.  The  magiftracy  of  Bruf- 
fels is  compofed  of  an  officer  called  amman, 
a  burgomafter,  feven  echevins,  two  treafu- 
rers,  a  penfionary,  three  fecretaries,  three 
greffiers,  and  two  receivers;  befides  thefe 
they  have  a  deputy  amman,  an  under  burgo- 
mafter, nine  counfellors  chofen  from  the 
citizens,  a  fuperintendant  of  ihe  canal,  a  recei- 
ver for  the  canal,  and  a  grefficr  of  the  tveafury ; 
the  offices  of  amman,  deputy-amnian,  fecre- 
taries, and  greffiers  of  the  city  and  treafury, 
are  perpetual.  The  defcendants  of  the  an- 
cient patrician  families,  who  are  divided 
in  feven  claflTes,  affembled  fume  days  before 
the  feaft  of  St.  John,  and  nominated  three 
perfons  of  each  body,  whom  they  prefcnted 
to  their  fovereign  or  governor,  for  him  to 
choofe  and  appoint  magii!:raies  from,  on  the 
feaft  of  St  John,  O.S.  The  fecond  burgo- 
mafter and  the  nine  counleiiors,  with  the 
receivers,  are  named  by  the  firft  burgomafter; 
matters  relative  to  the  citizen  are  cognizable 
before  the  magiftracy  in  the  firlt  inftance, 
with  the  right  of  appeal  to  the  fuperior 
council.  The  citizens  are  divided  into  nine 
clailbs,  called  nations,  who  were  formed,  in 
the  year  13  21,  of  the  principal  artifans  of 
the  city :  they  are  diftinguifticd  by  the  nations 
of  Notre  Dame,  of  St.  Giles,  St.  Laurent,  St. 
Geri,  St.  Jean,  St.  Chriftophre,  St.  J  ques, 
St.  Pierre,  and  St.  Nicholas,  each  dais  in- 
cluding feveral  companies  of  tradelnien,  who 
have  each  a  chief,  or  dean,  with  their  afiift- 
ant  counfel ;  they  were  affemblcd  by  the 
found  of  a  bell,  called  the  bell  of  the  noiions. 


B  R  U 

to  fign'uy  their  confent  to  any  fubfidy  which 
the  fovereign  may  demand  or  approve,  in 
the  name  of  the  whole  city,  or  to  any  propo- 
(itions  whic'ii  may  be  made  by  the  burgo- 
vntiiTer.     In   the  year    169-5,  ^he    army  of 
France,  under  the  condudt  ofMarllia!  Ville- 
roy,  advanced  towards  Brufiels  for  ihe  pur- 
pofe  of  compelling  the  allies  to  riife  the 
ilegc  ofthecalrie  ofNamur,  and  bec;an  to 
bombard  it  the  13th  of  Auguft,  when  they 
poured  in  fucha  quantity  of  bombs  and  red- 
hot  balls,  that  the  city  took  fire,  and  the  fire 
being  feconded  with  a  violent  \vind,  burned 
fourteen  beautiful  churches,  and  above  4000 
houfes,  to  afhes;  after  this  the  French  retired, 
without  being  able  to  conftrain  the-  allies  to_ 
abandon  their  enterprife.    After  tlie  banle  of 
Ramillies,  the  FJeclor  of  Bavaria,  and  all  the 
friends  of  Philip  V.  abandoned  Brullels,  and 
the  allies  feized  it  the  27th  of  May,  1706. 
As  the  city  was  not  regularly  fortified,  or  in 
a  condition  to  fuftain  a  liege,  the  niagiftrates 
prefcnted  the  keys  of  the  city  to  the  Duke 
of  Marlborough,  commander  in  chief,  and 
implored  his  protection,  who  accordingly 
took  poflelfion  in  the  name  of  Charles  III. 
king  of  Spain,  who  made  General  Churchill, 
th-e  Du^'.e  of  Marlborough's  brother,  gover- 
nor.    The  2 2d  of  November  1708,  it  was 
biliegcd  by  a  body  of  troops  under  thecorn- 
mand  of  MaxijTiilian  Emanuel  elciftorof  Ba- 
varia, but  his  highnefs  being  inrcrmed  that 
the  Duke  of  Marlborough  had   palfed  the 
Scheldt,  with  a  large  partoi  his  army,  to  fuc- 
cour  the  city,  he  v^as   obliged,  to  abandon 
the  liege,  with  all  his  anillety,  the  27th  of 
the  fame  month,  after  having  been  repulfed 
■  ■  at  the  counterjcarp,  between  the   gates  oi 
Louvain  and  Kamur.     It  was  taken  by  the 
'.  French  in  1746,  and  rendered  back  at  the 
peace  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     The  army  of  the 
French  entered  Bruflels  on  Nov.  14th,  1792, 
■  under  Dumourier,  foon  after  the  battle  of 
Gemappe ;  and  quitted  it  again  the  23d  Oi 
March    1793,    foon  aRer    the   battle   near 
Louvain.      The  French   took  it  again   in 
fummer  of  1794,  and  at  the  peace  it  was 
annexed  to  France.  23  miles  S.  Antwerp,  26 
SE.  Ghent.  Lo/i^./^,  26.  E.  LaL  50.  49.  Is. 
Drujfcvj,  a  town  oi  Germany,  in  the  Ucker 
Mark  of  Brandenburg.  12  m.  NE.Prenzlow. 
Lorg.  14.  10.  E.  Lat.  53.  27.  N. 

BniJ'zilo''iV,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Kiev.     46  miles  W.  Kiev. 

Eruting  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  iiland  of  Fitlar.  Lovg,  i.  4.  W.  Lat. 
69.  59.N. 

Bruton,  or  Breivto}!,7i  tov/n  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Somerict,  lituated  on  the 
rive--  Brow,  near  its  head.  In  1801,  the  po- 
pulation was  1631.  The  principal  manu- 
fa-ftures  arc  h.>fie,y  and  filk-throwing.  It 
has  a  v/cekly  niurkot  on  Satuidays.  12  miles 
SW.  Frome,  117  W.  London. 


B  U  B 

Srufz,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  lile  and  Vilaine.  6  m.  S.  Rennes. 
Bras,  fee  Br:ex. 

Brv'je,  or  Bruga,  an  ifland  in  the  bay  of 
Bengal,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ava; 
about  24  miles  long,  and  9  broad.  Long. 
97.  37.  E.  Lat.  16.  15.  N. 

Briiyeres,  a  town  of  Friince,  and  princi- 
pal place  of  a  diftridf,  in  the  department  of 
Vofges.  ID  miles  WSW.  St.  Diey,  it.  E, 
Epinal.     Long.  6.47.E.  Lat.  a'^-  Ij*  N. 

Bruycres  fur  Lann,  a  tov/n  of  France, in 
the  department  of  the  Aifne.  3  m.  SE.  Laon. 
BrzeJlaw,  fee  Luntenburg. 
Brzfzn:ce,2.to\\'r\  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
ofprachim.   33  miles  N.  Piachim,  36SSW. 
Pr.'gue.     Long.  13-  56.  E.  Lat.  49.24.  N. 
Brzcfc,  ice  Brjeflz,  BrfifKie.  _ 
Brzepw^  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Bokflaw.     5  miles  E.  Jung  Buntzlau. 

Brziczany,  a  town  of  Poland.  24  miles 
NNE.  Galitz. 

Brzezi",  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  ]3icin:.     44  miles  NW.  Biellk. 

Brzeziry,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Lenczicz.  48  miles  SE.Lenczicz. 
Brzij:enu,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle ofBolellaw.    11  miles  SE.  Jung  Buntzlau. 
Brzofli'ck,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Sandomirz.  (;6m.SSW.Sandomirz. 
Brz\J};cze,  fee  Bffcfkle. 
Bfura,  a  river  of  Polaral,  -which  runs  into 
the  Yiftula  12  miles  E.  Ploczko. 

Bu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Euro  and  Loire.  6  nnies  NE.  Dreux. 
Biu-,  or  the  Ijle  of  PartrLiges,  a  fmall 
iiland  in  the  northern  part  of  the  Adriatic, 
near  the  coail  of  Dalmaiia,  joined  to  the 
town  of  Trau  by  a  bridge.  It  was  anciently 
called  Biibnr.  20  miTes  WNW.  Spalatro. 
Lcng.  r6.  30.  E.  Lat,  43.  20.  N. 

Buachc,  a  river  of  America,  which  rifes 
in  the  weflern  territory  of  the  United  States, 
and  runs  into  the  Detroit,  Lo?ig.  82.  43.  W. 
Lat.  42.  38.  N. 

Biian:achiicha,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  ju- 
rifuidion  of  Caxamarquilla,  chiefly  inhabited 
by  Indians. 

Buares,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depjirt- 
rnent  of  the  Landes.     6  miles  Vv''.Aire. 

Buarcos,  or  Buargas,  a  tov/n  of  Portugal, 
on  the  fea  ccaft,  in  the  province  of  Beira, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Mondego.  In  1752, 
this  town  was  almofl  deflrovcd  by  an  earth- 
quake. 21  miles  SW.  Coinibra,  13  S.  Mon- 
temor-o  Velho. 

Buarid,  a  fmall  ifiand  in  the  Red  Sea, 
near  the  coalb  of  Arabia,  4  miles  W.  Loheia, 
Biih,  or  Bokirnfcb  yJychci,  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, in  the  circle  of  BoLflaw.  16  miles  N. 
Jung  Buntzlau.  Long.  ij.  4.  F.  Lat. 
SO.  38.  N. 

Bnhaker,  a  town  of  Afric:«,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Ludamar.  ao  miles  N.  Benowm. 


BUG 

Buhc.iKt  an  ifland  in  the  Ferhan  i-ulf.  30 
miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Euphrates. 
Long.  47.  40.  N.  Lat.  29.  5.3.  N. 

Bubereznovfiioii  a  towi)  of  Ruijian  Tartiiry, 
on  the  river  Zulux.  32  m.  N.  Arkadinflcaia. 

Bublitz,  a  town  of  Farther  Pon-icrania.  4 
rz-iles  SE.  from  Coflin,  56  ENE.  StargarJ. 
Lzng.  16.  32.  E.    Lat  53.  52.  N. 

Burry,  a  town  ct  Frr.ice,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Morbihai).  10  miles  NN£. 
Ilenncbon. 

BucdUna,  a  town  cf  South-America,  in 
Chili,  near  the  moulh  of  the  Rapel.  60  miles 
S.  Valparayiu. 

Bui.\-:!rJec,  a  town  of  Eengal.  5  miles  S. 
Biflu'potir. 

BucsjrJ,  or  Bcccari,  or  Bnchari^  a  fca- 
port  town  of  Morlachia,  belon^^in^^  to  Aufcria, 
iituatcd  or.the  r.uitn-ealf  part  of  theAdriatic, 
(declared  by  the  er.iperor  a  f.'ee  port  for 
commerce  to  the  Eaft-Indies,  in  the  year 
1780.  6  miles  E  St.  Vcit,  zi  NNU'.Scgna, 
Long.  14.  CD.  E.  Lat.  45.  37.  N. 

B:i:cari:z-,-6.'LOV4w  of  Morlachia.  6  miles 
SE.  Buccari 

Bi'.cc',:cri,z  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of 
Noto.     -20  miles  NVV.  Syracuie. 

Eucsiorfcrai,  a  town  of  liindoofrpn,  in 
the  circarufDocab.     18  miles  SE.  Etaya. 

Bucdlas,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eilra- 
madura.     14  miles  N.  Liflwn. 

Bkoh:!,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Moldavia.     38  miles  NNW.  Galatz. 

Buch,  a  town  ol  Germanv,  in  the  biHiop- 
ric  of  Bamberg.     %  miles  S.  Bamberg. 

Buch,  a  town  of  Germanv,  in  the  biHiop- 
ric  of  Wurzbiirg.     3  miles  W.  Masfurt. 

Buch,  a  town  of  Germanv,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Culmbr.ch.     3  m.  WNW.  Hof. 

Bitch,  or  Biisho-xv,  a  town  or  Germany, 
in  the  Old  Mark  of  Brandenburg,  on  the 
Elbe.     7  miles  S.  Stendal. 

Biichan,  a  diitrift  of  ScotLmd,  in  the 
north-ealt  part  ot   the  county  ol  Abeideen. 

Buchan  Ncfs,  the  m(>ll  eaifernly  point  of 
land  of  Scotland,  ir.  thecounty  ot  Aberdeen. 
Long.  I.  43.  W.  Lat.  57.  25.  N. 

Buchan,  ( Bullers  of,)  great  hollows  in  a 
rock  projectmg  into  the  fca,  on  the  eait 
coalf  oi  Scotland,  open  at  the  top,  and  per- 
forated by  three  ways  uf  entrance,  3c  f  illHiips 
deep,  about  50  fithoms  in  diameter;  iifiiing^ 
boats  enter  here  without  apprehenhon.  30 
miles  NN'E.  Aberdeci), 

Bucharcjl,  or  Buccarejl,  or  Buchorefi,  a 
town  oi  European  Turkey>  and  one  of  the 
largefl  and  richeft  of  Walachia,  iitiiatcd  on 
the  Dumbrowitz  ;  t'lC  relidenre  of  the  hof- 
podar,  and  the  fee  of  a  Greek  archbilliop. 
The  Lutherans  hold  their  afl'emblies  liere, 
protecikd  by  Sweden.  When  Mr.  C'hif.ul 
was  here  in  m  1702,  the  greater  part  of  the 
houfes  were  underground  like  cellars,  and 
covered  at  the .  top  with  iUaw  or  b:.rk  ut" 


BUG 

trees ;  the  better  fort  were  built  of  ftonc  and 
covered  widi  wooden  tile?.  The  yards  and 
gardens,  always  very  v/ide,  were  cnclcfed. 
with  entire  trunks  of  oaks,  fet  as  near  as 
polfible  to  each  other  ;  the  ftreets  appeared, 
like  a  condnued  bridge,  being  floored  from 
lide  to  fidev/ith  planks  ten  yards  long,  and 
as  many  inc'ies  thick,  and  thus  con  inucd 
through  all  the  buildings  of  the  place,  for  th-; 
extent  of  forae  miles.  The  environs  are 
rich  and  fcjtile.  250  miles  NNW.  Conltan- 
tinople.     Long.  25.51.  E.    Lat.  44.  29. 17. 

Bucharia,  iee  BukLiTia. 

Buchan^  an  impciiai  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  of  Nwabia,  fituated  on  the  Feder 
lake.  It  has  no  territory.  It  pays  fcur 
florins  for  the  Roman  month,  and  its  taX  is 
16  rix-duiJars,  19  kreutzers.  In  this  town 
is  a  celebrated  Augultine  p.bbey  for  nobie 
ladies,  whole  abbefs  is  a  princess  of  the  em- 
pire. This  abbey  was  founded  by  Adelinda 
daughter  of  Hildcband  duke  of  Svvabia,  in 
the  3th  century,  in  memory  of  her  hufband 
Otho,  and  three  fons,  who  were  l[]ain  while 
iighdog  agalnil:  the  Huns.  All  the  ladies 
are  allowed  to  marry,  except  the  abbefs. 
24  miles SW.  lllm,  23  SSE.  Stuttgart.  Lo7:g, 
9.  38.  E.  Z^/.  48.6.  N. 

Buchan,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  SiiHtz.  6  m.ESE.Carlfbad,  5  2  W.Prague. 
Long.  13.  5.  E.  L.at..  50.  8.  N. 
.  Bucha-ir,  a  fmall  country  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  ot  the  Upper  Rhine,  comprehend- 
ing the  eftate  of  the  abbey  of  Fulda.  Fulda 
is  the  capital. 

Bucheii,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  the  Lower  Rhine.     22  m.  E.  Heidelberg. 

Buchcnhach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  ihe 
biflropric  of  Bamberg.  9  miles  E.  Gofz- 
weinifein. 

Buctcnherg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  thel 
territory  of  the  abbey  of  Kempten.  5  miles  ■ 
WSW.Kempten,  9E.Ifny. 

Bucheri,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley 
of  Noto.     3  miles' NE.Monte-Roilb. 

Buchhjh,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg.  23  miles 
SSE.  Berlin. 

p'trchhcltz,  or  .5"/.  Catherinep.herg  by  the 
BkcrMltz,  aminetov/n  of  Germany,  in  the 
circk:  of  Erzgebirg.  6  miles  SSW.  Wo)- 
kcnlfcin.     Loi.g.\z.$^.Y..  Lat.  ^0.%%.'^. 

Buchhor?!,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Lmiburg.     3  miles  N.  Geildoif. 

Bi'.chigliera,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Cala- 
bria Citra.     II  miles  WNW.  Umbriatico. 

Buchlahe,  or  Bud  he,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  biihopric  of  Auglhurg.  18  miles  SSW. 
Augfburg,  9  E.  Mindelheim,  Long.  lo.  40. 
E.     Lat.  47.  59.  N. 

Buchletn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  die 
nvarggravate  of  Anlpach.  7  miles  ESE.  Vi- 
fenheim. 

Buchlnigc:i^z  town  of  Germany,  in  die 


BUG 

principality  of  Culmbach.     5   miles   SE. 
Neuftadt. 

Biichloivitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the 
circle  of  Hradifch.     6  miles  W.  Hradifch. 

Bucholfz,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Verden.     18  miles  ENE.  Verden. 

Buchoreji,  fee  Bucharejl. 

Biichorny  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Swaljia,  fitnated  on  the  north  fide  of  the 
lake  of  Conftance.  It  was,  till  the  year  1800, 
an  imperial  town,  in  which  year  it  was,  ac- 
cording to  the  peace  of  Luneville,  given  as 
an  indemnity  to  the  Eleftor  of  Bavaria.  Its 
afieffments  in  the  matricula  of  the  empire 
and  circle  was  thirteen  florins,  and  it  paid 
twenty  rix-dollars  twenty  feven  kreutzers 
to  the  chamber  at  Wetzlaar.  Here  are  ware- 
houfes  for  goods  configned  to  it  for  the 
paffage  of  the  lake ;  the  inhabitants  are  Lu- 
therans. 12  miles  E.  Conftance,  11  SSW. 
Ravenfpurg.  Lojig.  9.  25. E.  Z-^/.  47.40. N. 

Buchott,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifliopric  of  Wurzburg.  3  m.  NW.  Arnftein. 

Biichovt  a  town  of  Hungary.  2  miles  W. 
Boleflco. 

Biichy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine.  15  miles  WNW. 
Gournay,  13  NE.  Rouen. 

Biicino,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Citra.     6  miles  WNW.  Cangiano. 

Biickt  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  in  Georgia.     30  m.  S-.V.  Savanna. 

Buck  IJland.  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgia^ 
Iflands  in  the  Weft-Indies. 

Buck.,  or  Biijk,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Belz.     24  miles  SSE.  Belz. 

Buck  Creek,  a  riyer  of  America,  which 
runs  mto  che  Ohio,  Loiig.  86. 44.  W.  Lat, 
37.  56.  N, 

Buckau,  fee  Bockait. 

Biickdcuy  iee  Biigden. 

Btickeburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Schauenburg,  furrounded  with 
walls,  with  a  caftle,  where  the  tribunal  of 
juftice  is  held.  It  contains  one  church,  two 
colleges,  and  a  houfe  of  orphans.  3  miles 
E.  Minden. 

Bucker..,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  county 
of  Hov.i.     2  miles  S.  Hoya. 

Buckhavcn.)  a  fmall  fiming-town  of  Scot- 
land, in  the  county  of  Fife,  on  the  north  of 
the  Frith  of  Forth.  5  miles  N.Dylart.  Long. 
3.  3.W.  Lat.  56.  10.  N. 

Buckcndorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifliopiic  i.t  Bamberg.  16  m.NE. Bamberg. 

Buckenhav!,  or  Neiv  Bnckenhain,  a  town 
of  Enj.'land,  in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  with 
a. weekly  market  on  Satuidays.  14  miles 
SW.  Norwch,  96  NNE.  London. 

Buckie,  a  fmall  ii;hing-town  of  Scotland, 
in  die  county  of  Bamft,  on  the  fouth-weft 
fide  c'f  tliL'  Fnth  ot  Murray,  with  a  tolerable 
harbour.  5  miles  W.  Cullcn.  Zc^/zj.  a.52. 
W.     i.^/.  57.39.  No 


BUG 

Buckhighatn,  a  town  of  England,  which 
gives  name  to  the  county  in  which  it  is 
lituated,  on  the  river  Oufe,  by  which  it  is 
almoft  furrounded.  The  town  is  ancient  ; 
for  the  Romans  are  faid  to  have  defeated  the 
Britons  near  Buckmgham,  and  it  was  forti- 
fied by  Edward  the  elder  againft  the  Danes; 
and  in  the  reign  of  Edward  HI.  it  was  in- 
corporated, made  a  ftaple  of  wool,  and  fum- 
moned  to  fend  members  to  parliament ;  but 
does  not  feem  to  have  returned  any  till  the 
reign  of  Henry  VIII.  It  was  incorporated 
by  Queen  Mary,  and  the  charter  renewed  by 
Chanes  II.  The  fummer  affizes  for  the 
county  are  held  here,  and  what  is  called  a 
quarter-feflions  for  the  town,  twice  a  year. 
It  has  a  weekly  market  on  Saturday.  The 
principal  manufadurcs  in  the  town  and 
neighbourhood  are  lace  and  paper.  The 
number  of  houfes  in  the  town  and  parifh 
amount  to  about  540,  which  in  1801  con- 
tained 2605  inhabitants.  24  miles  NE.  Ox- 
ford,  5  7  WNW.  London .  Long.  o.  5 9.  W. 
Lat.  51.59.  N. 

Buckingha77i^  a  county  of  the  State  of 
Virginia,  which,  in  the  year  1781,  lent  625 
men  to  the  national  militia.  The  town  of 
Buckingham  is  40  miles  W.  Richmond. 

Buckmgka77i,xhe  molt  northerly  county  of 
the  ftate  of  Pennfylvania. 

Bticki7!gha7n,  a  fettlement  for  the  Indian 
trade  in  North- America,  on  the  Saflcafliawan 
river.    Lo7ig.  iij.W.    /-«/. 53.  50,  N. 

Bucki7igha77!jJiire,  an  inland  county  of 
England,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Bedford- 
Ihire  and  Northamptonlhire,  on  the  eaft  by 
Bedfordfliire,  Hcrtfordfliire,  and  Middlefex; 
on  th&  fouth  by  Berkfnire,  and  on  the  weft 
by  Oxfordfhire  and.  Northamptonlhire.  The 
greateft  length  from  north  to  fouth  is  about 
45  miles,  its  breadth  about  18,  and  its  cir- 
cumference 138  miles,  containing  518,400 
ftacute  acres  of  land.  Its  chief  rivers,  from 
which  it  derives  great  advantages,  are  the 
Thames,  the  Oufe,  and  the  Coin.  There  are 
ieveral  other  fmaller  rivers,  on  which  flour 
and  paper  mills  are  erefled;  and  the  canals 
made,  and  now  making,  through  different 
parts  of  the  county,  will  be  of  elfential  fer- 
vice,  as  by  them  the  various  produds  of  its 
interior  parts  will  more  eafily  be  conveyed 
to  the  metropolis,  as  well  as  to  the  diftant 
market-towns  through  which  or  near  which 
they  may  chance  to  pafs,  to  the  ultimate  in- 
creafc  of  agriculture  and  commerce.  The 
foil  is  various;  in  fome  parts,  particularly 
in  the  vale  about  Aylefbury  and  Bucking- 
ham, tlie  land  is  a  rich  loam;  in  fbme  places 
a  ftrong  clay;  in  others  chalky;  and  gravelly 
in  others.  The  fouth  part,  particularly  to- 
wards the  eaft,  is  hilly,  confifting  of  a  range, 
called  the  Chiltern-hills;  the  northern  is 
more  level.  It'  is  divided  into  eight  hun- 
dreds, and  contains  fifteen  market-towns, 


BUD 

viz.  Amer{ham,  Ayleftiury,  Buckingham, 
Marlow,  Wendover,  Wycomb,  Beaconsfield, 
Chefham,  Colnbrook,  Ivingo,  Newpoit- 
Pagnel,  Oulney,  Rifborough,  Stony-Strat- 
ford, and  Winflow ;  the  iix  former  fend 
two  members  each  to  parliament,  and  two 
are  returned  for  the  county.  The  principal 
produce  is  corn  and  butter.  The  principal 
manufadures  are  lace  and  paper-making. 
In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was 
107,444,  of  whom  20,438  were  employed 
in  trade  and  manufa(5tures,  and  45,013  m 
agriculture. 

Buckley's  Point,  a  cape  of  the  coaft  of 
Patagonia,  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  which 
forms  the  fouth  eail  point  of  Buckley's 
Sound. 

Buckley'' s  Sound,  an  inlet  of  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  on  the  coaft  of  Patagonia. 

Buck's  Creek,  ariver  of  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  the  Cumberland,  Lo?jg.%/^.  aj.  W. 
Lat.  T,(>.  46.  N. 

Bucko,  a  town  of  the  Middle  Mark  of 
Brandenburg.  28  miles  E.  Berlin.  L&iig. 
14.  icE.  Z,<7/.  52.  35.  N. 

Buck^s, Harbour,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on 
the  fouth  coaft  of  the  country  of  Maine,  in 
the  United  States  of  America.  Long.  63. 
34.  W.  Lat.  44.  42.  N. 

Buckporah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Al- 
lahabad.    40  miles  N.  Gazypour. 

Buckrah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
fubah  of  Oude.  18  miles  NW.  Gooracpour, 
48  ENE.  Fyzabad.  Zotz^.  83.  31.E.  Lat. 
a6.  52.  N. 

Buckrah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Bahar.  25  miles  N.  Patna.  Long. 
85.  20.  E.     /..?/.  26.  3.  N. 

Buckrah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  37  miles 
NNE.  Ramgur. 

Bucorta,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs  into 
the  fea,  near  Pagliapoli,  in  Calabria  Ultra. 

Bucovitza,  a  river  ot  Sclavonia,  which 
runs  into  the  Drave,  10  miles  E.  Verovitza. 

Bucy  le  Long,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aifne.    3  m.  NE.  Soiftons. 

Bucza,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Brzefc.     90  miles  E. Brzefc. 

Buda,  or  Offen,  2  city  and  capital  of 
Lower  Hungary,  fituated  on  an  eminence, 
on  the  weft  lide  of  the  Danube,  oppofitc 
Peft,  anciently  a  Roman  ftation  called  Si- 
cambria.  Its  prefent  name  it  received  in 
401,  from  Buda,  brother  of  Attila.  It  was 
long  the  refidence  of  the  Hungarian  kings, 
and  is  now  divided  into  three  parts,  viz.  the 
Lower  town,  the  Rafcian  town,  and  thefor- 
trefs.  In  1784,  the  emperor  Jofeph  trans- 
ferred the  feat  of  government  from  Prefburg 
to  Buda;  and  at  t)ie  fame  time  the  regalia, 
confifting  of  a  crown,  a  fceptre,  a  robe,  and 
a  pair  of  ftockings,  faid  to  have  been  worn 
by  St.  Stephen,  Mrere  carried  to  Vienna  ;  but 
%his  removal  at  the  regaliaj  contrary  to  the 


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exprcfs  law  of  the  land,  caufcd  fo  much 
clamour,  that  it  was  found  neccfTajy  to  bring 
them  back,  and  they  are  now  fecured  in  a 
vault  at  Buda.  Here  is  an  univerlity  well 
endowed,  with  many  profefTors.  In  the  year 
1526,  the  fultan  Solyman  appeared  before 
the  city  with  his  numerous  army  ;  and  after 
battering  the  walls  about  three  hours,  his 
troops  fcaled  them,  and  entering  the  town 
fword  in  hand,  butchered  all  the  inhabitants 
and  garrifon  they  could  find  :  the  caftle 
capitulated ;  bur  its  garrifon  were  made  pri- 
foners.  In  1526,  it;  was  retaken  by  the  arch- 
duke;  and  in  1539,  Solyman  became  mafter 
of  it  again.  In  the  years  1530,  1540,  1542, 
1598?  i599>  1602,  and  1603,  fruitlefs  at- 
tempts were  made  to  wrcft  it  from  the  Turks. 
In  the  year  1684,  the  Duke  of  Lorrain  in- 
vCfted  it.  The  garrifon  at  this  time  con- 
iifted  of  18,000  men,  commanded  by  Cara- 
Mehcmet  Bafha,  a  brave  and  expert  officer, 
and  who  knew  better  how  to  make  a  regi^lar 
defence  than  the  Turks  at  this  time  ufually 
did.  The  befieged  made  feveral  fallies,  with 
good  fuccefs,  and  in  general  defended  them- 
lelves  much  better  than  the  Turks  had  ever 
done  before.  They  even  repulfed  the  Im- 
perialifts  in  a  general  aflault  ;  which  mis- 
fortune, and  a  mortal  dyfentery  that  reigned 
in  the  army,  obliged  the  Duke' of  Lorrain  to 
raife  the  fiege,  after  he  had  loft  30,000  men 
to  no  purpofe.  In  June  1686,  the  Duke  of 
Lorrain  again  laid  fiege  to  Buda.  On  the 
2ift,  iiis  tienches  were  opened,  when  a  fu- 
rious bombardment  began.  By  the  24th, 
three  breaches  were  made,  and  feveral  times 
the  town  was  fet  on  lire.  Schoning,  th« 
Brandenburg  general,  led  the  firft  attack, 
\yhich  proved  fatal,  from  the  many  mines 
fprung.  The  Eledor,  with  the  Princes 
Louis  and  Eugene  attacked  in  another  place, 
and  by  their  great  intrepidity,  the  place  was 
carried.  The  duke  then  fent  to  fummon 
the  bafha,  offering  him  honourable  terras, 
which  the  other  bravely  rejected.  Three 
thoufand  Turks,  that  made  a  fally  on  the 
27th  of  July,  did  confiderable  damage;  and 
Prince  Eugene  had  a  horfe  killed  under  him 
in  the  flcirmifh.  The  fame  day,  a  breach 
that  was  made  in  the  caftle  was  attacked  by 
the  befiegeis ;  they  entered  it  twice  fword  in 
hand,  but  they  were  as  often  repuUed,  with 
the  lofs  of  500  men  ;  among  whom  were 
the  Counts  of  Stahrenberg,  Heberltein,  and 
Kaunitz  :  the  Princes  Eugene,  and  Louis  of 
Baden,  were  llightly  wounded.  At  laft  the 
befiegers  had  pulhed  their  attack  fo  far,  that 
every  thing  was  ready  for  a  general  aiTault, 
which,  after  all  means  to  make  the  baiha 
furrender  had  been  ineffedual,  was  given 
with  great  fury.  The  city  was  t.iken  and 
fackcd,  and  the  orave  bafha  was  found  dead 
on  the  breach,  happy  in  not  being  a  witnefs 
of  the  bioo(iihed  his  refolutioa  had  occa- 


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BUD 


floncd.  The  German  foldiers, '  e'nracred 
ag.iinit  the  Turks  for  then-  obftinate  reiirt- 
ance,  had  no  refpect  to  age  or  fex,  but  ex- 
erted their  vengeance  on  every  Mahomttan 
they  met,  till  the  Duke  of  Lorrain  and  the 
Ele^^tor  put  an  end  to  the  execution.  In  the 
year  1770,  in  the  war  between  the  Rufllans 
and  Turks,  the  Tartars  paifing  the  Dniefler, 
nearBalta,  began  to  carry  then'  ravages  into 
Poiand,  but  were  repuUed  at  the  firit  onfet. 
Neverthelcls,  on  the  i6th  of  March,  they 
rallied  again,  and  endeavoured  to  regain 
their  own  frontiers ;  but  a  Ruffian  detachr 
nient,  commanded  by  Captain  Strukulow, 
coming  up  with  them  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Buda,  attacked  and  defeated  them ;  feized 
their  camp,  and  took  all  their  bag^gage.  A 
fultan,  two  mirzas,  and  326  private  men 
were  lalied  on  the  fpot,  and  362  Chriftians 
and  Jews  were  rcfcued  from  flavery.  The 
warm  baths  of  Buda  are  faid  to  be  Ibme  of 
the  moli:  magnificent  in  Europe.  From  the 
grapes  growing  on  the  neighbouring  hills  is 
made  a  red  wine  in  great  eftimation.  The 
number  cf  inhabitans  is  about  20,00c.  125 
miles  ESE,  Vienna,  150  NNW.  Belgrade. 
Lo'!;::.  19.  13.  E.    Lat.  4.7.  28.  N. 

Buda-,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Wiina.     80  miles  E.  Wilna. 

Bu  iaria,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  govern^- 
nent  of  Cav:c;.fus,  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 
Ural.     56  miles  SSW.  Uralil.;, 

Budiiu,  a  town  of  Bohe'.nia,  in  the  circle 
of  Saatz.     %o  miles  E.  Elubcgen. 

Bt'.dan.vur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,.  in 
Malwa.  240  m.  S.  Delhi,  132  NE.  Oudein. 
Long.  77.  38.  E.     Lilt.  24.  42-  N. 

Budayoon,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Oude.  This  was  once  a  mag- 
nificent city,  found::d  by  one  of  the  Selju- 
kian  kings ;  but  now  a  fiviall  place  in  a 
ilate  of  depav.  54  miles  SW.  Bereilly,  70 
I^E.  Agra.  Long.  79.  28.  E.  Lat.  28.  2.N. 

Biiddakarw,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooffan,  in  the 
country  of  Agimcrc.  Thevenot  calls  it  Bur- 
gant.  87  m.W.Oudipour,  looN.Amedabad. 

Buddarcc,  a  tov^n  of  Hindooftan,  inBahar. 
30  milts S'vV.Arrah. 

Biiddariich.,  or  Badruck,  a  town  of  Hinr 
doofl:an,  m  OriiTa,  containing  about  1000 
inliabitants.  It  is  fituated  on  a  river  which 
runs  into  the  fea.     2,i  '^ii'<^s  S\V.  Balafure. 

Biiddarjitw,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.  8'  miles  S\V.  Fyzabad. 
_  Bnddaui,  a  town  of  iicngai,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  D.in.igepour.  62  miles  NE.  Moor- 
JhedabaJ,  s6  8SE.  Dfnagepour.  Zcz/r.  83. 
5o.E-^/..,7.  :;5.  7.K". 

Biiddclgii>i'-!:c,  a  town  qf  Bengal,  in  the 
province  of  Boglipour.  20  mik^  E.  Bogli- 
f  our.  ^  Long.  87.  2.8.  E.  LiU.  25.  13.  N. 
•  _  Buddtf/jborg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Weltphalia,  and  county  of  Marck. 
r,  m;lcs  NW.  turi-U. 


Buddenpoiir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,"  in  the 
circar  of  Gurrah.     10  miles  S.  Mahur. 

BuddiT-ii'ds,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Malwa.    2om.NNE.  Budawur. 

Biidde/dalc',  fee  Bottcjdale, 

Bade,  a  village  and  feaport  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Cornv/aii,  belonging  to  the 
port  ofPaditow,  in  the  Briftol  Cliannel.  It 
is  fituated  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  which 
forms  a  harbour,  and  the  port  has  been  of 
late  years  much  frequented  by  veflels'  tra- 
ding to  Ireland,  Wales,  and  Briftol.  2  miles 
IsIW.  Stratton.  222  W.  London.  Lorig, 
4,  45.W.     Lat.so.sb.'N, 

Bude,  fee  Bode. 

Budegovia,  fee  Boodigovta. 

Budeiich,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart* 
ment  of  the  Sarre.     1 1  m'iies  E.  Treves. 

Budelpoiir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bahar.     42  miles  SSW.  Patna. 

BrideiiitZt  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Schlan.     6  miles  NE.  Schlan. 

Buderjfo!;,  a  town  of  Bengal.  26  miles 
9S  W.Dacca. 

Buderich,  fee  Bur'ich. 

Biidejhein.',  a  tovv'n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  jVIont  Tonnere.  1  m.E.Bingen. 

Budetin,  a  town  of  Hungary.  16  miles 
ENE.  Boleflco. 

Budge  Budge,  a  fortrefs  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ilocgly, 
In  I ','56,  it  was  taken  by  the  Britifh.  8  ra, 
SSW.  Calcutta. 

Budhedeh,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Sirhind.     42  m.  SSW.  Sirhind. 

Budiad,  a  town  o\'  Hindooftan,  in  Guze>« 
rat.     :},5  miles  W.  Cambay. 

Budjaha,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.    1 7  miles 
WSW.  Benares. 
^Budiegovitz,  fee  Budv:eifu 

Budiilo,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  near  the 
fouth  coaft.  24  miles  SW.  Cagliari.  Loug^ 
8.51.E.  iL^i'.39.7.N. 

Budhi,  or  Budjii,  a  town  of  Bchen-.ia,  in 
the  circle  of  Schlan.  8  miles  N.  Schlan. 
20  miles  N.  Prague.  Lotig.  14.  15.  E, 
X^at.  50.  23.  N. 

Budivger,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Ifenburg.  '  10  miles  ENE.  Franc- 
fort  on  the  Maine,  26  SE.WetzIaar.  Long. 
o.  7.  E.  Lilt.  50.  20.  N. 

Budiscbau,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the 
circle  of  Iglau.     20  m.  SE.  Iglau. 

Budijfh!,  or  Bautzen,  a  city  of  Germany, 
and  capital  of  Upper  I,ufatia,  fubjeft  to  the 
Eledlor  of  Saxony,  fituated  on  the  river 
Spree.  It  was  founded  in  the  year  800,  by 
a  duke  of  Bohemia,  whofe  name  it  be.srs; 
and  was  formerly  imperial,  but  loft  its  pri- 
vileges in  the  13th  century, when  itwas  taken 
by  the  King  of  Bohemia.  In  1620,  it  was 
befieged,  and  much  damaged  by  the  Eledor 
ot  Saxony.  In  1634,  it  -w^.s  again  benegc4 
\\y  the  fame  prince,  when  the  inipciiahftsj 


B  U  E 

%^ntli  a  view  of  diflodging  the  enemy,  fct 
fjre  to  the  fubuibs,  which  communicMiing 
V'ith  the  town,  the  whole  was  confunied 
except  the  caftle  and  the  walls;  and  the 
j'lhabitants  were  compelled  to  furrender  : 
flnce  that  time  it  has  never  recovered  its 
ancient  fplendour.  30  miles  ENE.  Drelden. 
70  E.  Leiplic.  Long.  14.  27.  E.  Lat. 
51.  10.  N. 

Budltiighi  a  town  of  England,  on  the 
coaft  of  Devonfhire,  near  the  moiiih  of  the 
river  Ottery.  la  miles  S£.  Exeter,  16 
WSW.  Lim.e. 

Bndiffonv,  fee  Bauffch. 
Budhnionv,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Podolia.   36  miles  NW.  Kaininiec. 
Badnscra,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  Can- 
deiih.     36  miles  ESE.  Burhampour. 

Budoa,  or  Budua,  a  ftrong  feaport  town 
cf  Daln;iatia,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  fuffragan 
of  Antivari.  It  was  btlicged  by  the  Turks 
in  1686,  without  fuccefs.  30  miles  SSE. 
Kagufa.  Z.o/;^'.  18.  59.E.  Z^/.  42.  31.  N. 
Budrio,  a  tov^n  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
ofxhe  Lower  Po.  10  miles  N.  Bologna. 
Budrun,  fee  Bodrnn. 
BudjJicjra,  fee  Buz'iac. 
Budixicifs,  or  Budiegovitz,  a  town  of  Bo- 
liemia,  in  the  circle  ofBechin,  fituated  on 
the  Moldaw,  in  the  environs  of  which  are 
ininesof  gold  and  filver,  and  in  the  Moldaw 
they  hfh  for  pearls ;  erefted  into  a  bilhop- 
ric,  in  1787,  by  the  emperor.  Immediately 
sfter  the  reduction  of  Prague  by  tliC  Pruf- 
iians,  in  1744,  the  king  fent  General  Naffau, 
V'ith  8,coo  men,  to  take  Budv/eifs.  He 
jirrived  before  it  on  Sept.  29.  The  garrifon, 
confifted  of  2000  hufi'ars  and  pandours,  com- 
rnanded  by  baron  Murray,  who  made  dif- 
pofitions  for  defending  the  place,  and  the 
fame  night  made  a  iiilly,  but  was  repulled 
with  the  lofs  of  100  men,  and  85  prifoners. 
The  PrufTian  general  on  the  next  day  had 
made  the  neceflary  preparations  for  a  fiege, 
and  threw  fome  bombs  into  the  tov/n  ;  upon 
v\'hich  the  commandant  demanded  to  capi- 
tulate. 18  miles  S.  Bechin,  66  S.  Prague. 
Loi:g.  14.  20.  E.  Lat.  49.  2.  N. 

Budi!jeiJ},  or  Budiviz,  or  Mahrijh  Bud- 
iveifs,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  circle  of 
Znaym.  15  miles  NW.  Znaym,  84  S£. 
Prague.  Long.t^.  j^i.lL.  Lat.  a'6.  sc).~^. 
Budzadgch.)  a  town  of  Afiatic  'I'urkey,  in 
Natolia.     40  miles  NE.  Ifnick. 

Budzaiv,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
territory  of  Cutch.     12  miles  S.  Tahej. 

BudziaCf  or  Budfchara,  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  Bt:flarabia.  18  m.  NNW. 
Akerman. 

Bndziac,  fee  Bcjfarabia. 
Budzloiiczc,  a  town  of  Lithunnia,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Mirlk.  56  miles  E.  Rohaczow. 
Buc,  a  fmall  illand  in  the  North  fta,  near 
tlie  coall  of  Norway.    Lat.  61. 13.  N. 


B  U  E 

B:tc,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  njDrfh  coaft  oi 
the  liland  ot  Cuba.  Long.  -9.  29.  W.  Lat 
2Z-  5.  N.  J        •         - 

B:>cch,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
tlie  Durance,  near  Silloion,  in  tlie  dep::rt- 
nient  ot  the  Lower  Alps. 

Bueih,  a  town  or  vHlage  of  Egypt,  on  a 
mountain,  m  the  road  of  the  pilgrims  26 
miles  NE.  Cairo. 

B-ieih,  a  town  or  village  of  Egypt,  on  a 
mcuntam,  near  the  Nile.  28  m.  SSE.  Af  la. 
/^''flo,  ^  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  the  province 
of  Chorafan.  15  miles  NE.  Mcfchid. 
_  Bnena  Foltinlad,  a  town  of  South-Ame- 
rica, m  the  government  of  Tucuman.  7  m. 
S.  St.  Salvador  de  Jugui. 

BuenaNchc,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caf- 
tile.     27  miles  S.Cuen^a. 

Buenaventura,  a  li;apoit  of  South-Arae- 
rica,  m  the  province  of  Popayan,  which 
gives  name  to  a  bay,  200  miles  W.  Santa  Fe 
dc  Bogota.  Long.  76.  42.  E.  Lat.  3.  ^6.  N. 

Biwiavcntnra,  a  fettlement  and  Spanifli' 
milhon  in  the  country  of  New  Albion. 
Long.  24-  I.  E.  Lat.  34.  16.  N. 

Buenaventura,  a  town  of  Peru,'  in  the 
archbifhopric  of  Lima.     36  miles  E.  Xauxa 

BuenaviJ}a,  a  fmall  ifl.md  near  the  north- 
welt  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  Long.  84. 
40.  W.  Lat.  22.  30.  N. 
_  Buenavijla,  one  of  the  Solomon's  iflands, 
m  the  Pacihc  Ocean.  36  miles  in  circumfe- 
rence. Lat.  9.  30.  S. 
Buenavyia,ict  St.  Sehajllan  de  Buenavijla. 

Buen  Ayre,  or  Bonalr,  a  fmall  ifland  near 
the  coaft  of  South-America,  about  50  miles 
m  circumference  ;  it  produces  maize,  pota- 
toes, &c.  and  has  fprings  of  freili  water;  en 
tire  foyth-wefl  fide  is  a  good  harbour  and 
road.  52  miles  E.  Curagoa.  Long.  67. 36.  W. 
Lat.  12.  26.  N. 

Bueno,  a  river  of  Chili,  which  runs  into  tl  e 
Pacific  Ocean,  Lat.  40.  5.  S. 

Buenos  Ayres,  a  province  of  South-Ame- 
rica, bounded  on  the  north  by  Yapizlaga 
and  Paraguay,  on  the  eafl  by  Brazil  and  the 
lea,  on  t!ic  fouth  by  the  fea  and  the  country 
of  Magellan,  and  on  the  well:  by  the  pro- 
vinces  of  Cordova  and  Tucuman.  The 
climate  is  healthy  and  temperate,  the  diffe- 
rence  between  the  winter  and  fummer  is 
very  perceivable;  in  the  fummer  the  air  is 
ferene,  and  the  heat  would-be  excclfive,  if 
not  moderated  by  a  wind  which  blows  every 
morning.  In  the  winter  ftorms  are  very 
frequent,  with  rain,  and  dreadhil  lightning 
and  thunder.  The  country  is  inhabited  by 
different  nations,  little  known  except  to 
thofc  who  dwell  near  the  river  Plata. 

Buenos  Ayres,  a  viceroyalty  of  Spanifli 
America,  erected  in  the  year  1776,  for  the 
more  eafy  adminiftration  of  jufticc,  the  feat 
of  which  war  fixed  at  Buenos  Ayres,  inRead 
of.being  under  the  viceroyalty  of  Peru;  the 


B  U  E 


B  U  E 


f-at  of  which  being  placed  at  Lima,  was 
at  an  immenfe  ciiftance  from  many  of  the 
provinces.  Even  a  part  of  Peru  itfeif  was 
fuppofed  to  be  in  this  predicament,  and  is 
placed  under  the  government  of  Buenos 
Avrcs.  This  viceroyahy  is  therefore  now 
conipofed  of  the  fouthern  part  of  the  dioccfe 
of  Ciifco,  the  dioccfe  of  La  Paz,  the  pro- 
vinces of  MoxeSjChiquetos,  and  ?anteCruz 
de  ia  Sierra,  the  aixhbifliopric  of  La  Plata, 
the  provinces  of  Chaco,  Tucuman,  Cuyo, 
Cordova,  Yapizlaga,  Paraguay,  and  Buenos 
Ayrcs  Proper.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north 
by  the  viceroyal'cy  of  Grenada,  on  the  cart 
by  Brafil,  on  the  Ibuth  by  Patagonia,  or  the 
country  of  Magellan  and  the  fea,  and  on  the 
weft  by  Peru  and  Chili,  extending  from  the 
loth  to  the  40th  degree  of  S.  Lat. 

BuciKs  Ay  res,  or  Nuejlra  Sennora  de  Bue- 
nos y^y  res,  a  ci' y  of  South- America,  and  capi- 
t?J  of  a  viceroyahy  to  which  it  gives  name, 
liuuated  on  the  fouth-wetl:  coaft  of  the  river 
La  Plata,  firft  built  in  the  year  1535.  It  was 
loon  after  abandoned,  but  rebuilt  in  1582, 
and  ereded  into  a  bidiopric  in  the  year  1620. 
The  fituation  is  agreeable  and  healthy  ;  the 
cathedral  church  is  a  beautiful  and  large 
building,  and  ferves  principally  for  the  Spa- 
iiiards  ;  at  the  end  of  the  town  is  another 
church,  intended  chiefly  for  the  Indians.  It 
contains  3000  houfes,  and  30,000  inhabi- 
tants. In  the  environs  are  excellent  paifures, 
further  ofJ  are  mountains  and  vaft:  forefls,  in 
which  are  found  numerous  herds  of  wild 
bulls  and  cows,  whofe  fl<ins  form  one  of  the 
principal  articles  of  commerce.  Don  Pedro 
de  Mendoza  laid  the  iirft  foundation  of 
Buenos  Ayrcs,  under  bad  aufpices,  on  the 
right  liand  fhore  of  the  river,  fome  leagues 
below  its  juniftion  with  die  Uraguav,  and  his 
whole  expedition  v\'as  a  cliain  of  unfortunate 
events  that  did  not  even  end  at  his  death. 
The  uihabitants  of  Buenos  Ayres  being  con- 
tinually interrupted  by  the  Indians,  and 
conftantly  opprefled  by  famine,  were  obliged 
to  leave  the  place,  and  to  retire  to  AfTump- 
tion.  At  length  Don  Pedro  Ortiz  de  Za- 
j-ata  governor  of  Paraguay,  rebuilt  Buenos 
Ayres  in  1580,  on  the  fame  fpot  where  the 
unhap!>y  Mendoza  had  foimerly  laid  it  out, 
and  fixed  his  refidence  there;  the  town 
became  the  flaple  to  which  European  fhips 
rcfortcd,  and  by  degrees  the  capital  of  all 
thcfe  trads,  the  lee  of  a  bifhop,  and  the  refi- 
dence of  the  governor  general.  It  is  built 
regular,  and  much  larger  than  the  number  of 
its  inhabitants  v/ould  retiuire,  which  do  nt)t 
cxceed3o,ooo  whites,  negroes, and  mefbzos. 
The  way  of  building  the  houfes  giws  the 
town  this  great  extent,  for  if  we  except  the 
convents,  public  buildings,  and  five  or  fix 
private  manfions,  they  aic  all  very  low,  and 
jiavc  no  more  tlian  a  ground  floor,  with  vaft 
court-yards,  and  molt  of  them  a  giirden, 


The  citadel,  which  includes  the  governor'* 
palace,   is   fituated   upon   the   fiioreofthc 
river,  and  forms  one  of  the  fides  of  the  great 
fquare,  oppofite  to   which   the  town-hall  is 
fitua'ed  ;  the  cathedral  and  epifcopal  palace 
occupy  the  two  other  fides  of  the  fquare,  in 
which  a  publio^arket  is  daily  held.     There 
is  no  harbour  at  Buenos  Ayres,  nor  fb  much 
as  a  mole  to  facilitate  the  landing  of  boats  ; 
the  fliips  can  only  come  within  three  leagues 
of  the  town,  there  they  unload  their  goods 
into  boats  which  enter  a  little  river,  named 
Rio  Chuelo,  from  whence  the  merchandize 
is  brought  in  cans  to  the  town,  which  is 
about  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  the  landing 
places.     The  fhips  which  want  careening, 
or   take  their  lading,  at  Buenos-Ayres,  go 
to  La  Encenada  Baragon,   a  kind  of  port 
about   27   or    30  miles  ESE.  of  the  town. 
Buenos  Ayres  contains  religious  communi- 
ties  of  both  fexes.      A  great  number  of 
holidays  are  yearly  celebrated,  by  procef- 
fions   and    fire-works.       The  monks  have 
given  the  title  of  Mayjordomos,  or  ftewards 
of  the  founders  of  their  order   and  of  the 
holy  virgin,  to  the  principal  ladies  of  this 
town  ;  this  pofl  gives  them  the  exclufive 
charge  of  ornamenting  the  church,  dreffing 
the  Ibitue  of  the  tutelar  faint,  and  wearing 
the  habit  of  the  order.    It  is  a  lingular  fight 
for  a  ftranger  to  fee  ladies  of  all  ages  in  the 
churches  of  St.  Frances,  and  St.  Dominic, 
ailift  in  officiating,  and  wear  the  habit  of 
thofe  holy  inltitutions.    The  Jefuits  offer- 
ed a  much  more  auftere  mode   of  fancti- 
fication  than  the  former  to  the  pious  ladies. 
Adjoining  to  their  convent  they  had  a  houle 
called  Calii  de  los  exercicios  de  las  Mugere^ 
i.e.  the  houfe 'for  the  exercifes  of  women. 
Married  and  unmarried  women,  without  the 
confent  of  their  hufbands,  or  parents,  went 
to  be  lanftified  there  by  a  retreat  of  twelve 
days ;  they  were  lodged  and  boarded  at  the 
expence  ot  the   community;  no  man  was 
admitted  into  this  fanftuary,  unlefs  he  wore 
the  habit  of  St.  Ignatius ;  even  fervant-maids 
were  not  allowed  to  attend  their  miftrelTes 
thither;  the  exercifes  praflifed  in  this  holy 
place  were  meditation,  prayer,  catechetical 
inilruiflions,  confeiTion,  and  flagellation.  All 
men  are  brothers,  and  relfgion  makes  no 
diftinction  in  regard  to  their  colour.    There 
are  jacred  ceremonies  for  the  flavcs,  and  the 
Dominicans  have  eftabliihed  a  religious  com- 
munity of  negroes  ;  they  have  their  chapels, 
mall'es,  holidays,  and  decent  burials;  and  all 
this  cofts  every  negro  that  belongs  to  the 
community  only  four  reals  a  year.     The  en- 
virons of  Buenos  Ayres  are  well  cultivated  \ 
moft  of  the  inhabitants  of  that  city  have 
their  country  houles,  there  called  quintas  ; 
furnifhing  all  the  necelTaries  of  life  in  abun- 
dance, except  wine,  which   they  get  fron^ 
Spain,  or  from  Miunjoza,  a  vineyard,  about 


B  U  E 


BUG 


aoo  leagues  from  Buenos  Ayres.  The  culti- 
vated environs  of  this  city  do  not  extend 
very  far,  for  at  the  dillance  of  only  9  miles 
from  the  city  there  are  immenfe  fields  left  to 
an  innumerable  multitude  of  horfes  and  black 
cattle.  One  fcarce  meets  with  a  few  feat- 
tered  huts  on  crofTing  this  vafl  country, 
ereded  not  fo  much  with  a  view  of  cultivat- 
ing the  foil,  as  to  fccure  the  property  of  the 
ground,  or  rather  the  cattle  upon  it  to  their 
feveral  owners.  Tiavellers  who  crofs  tliis 
plain,  find  no  accommodations,  and  are 
obliged  to  fleep  in  the  fame  carts  in  which 
they  travel,  and  wliich  are  the  only  kind  of 
carriages  made  ule  of  in  long  journies  here. 
Thofe  whofe  travel  on  horfebaok  are  often 
expofed  to  lie  in  the  fields,  without  any  co- 
vering. The  inhabitants,  or  travellers,  when 
preffed  by  hunger,  kill  an  ox,  take  what 
they  intend  to  eat  of  it,  and  leave  the  reft 
as  a  prey  to  wild  dogs  and  tygers,  which 
are  the  only  dangerous  animak  in  this  coun- 
try. The  dogs  were  originally  brought 
from  Europe ;  the  eafe  witii  which  they  are 
able  to  get  their  livelihood  in  the  open 
field,  has  induced  them  to  leave  their  habita- 
tions, and  they  have  increafed  their  ("pedes 
innumerably;  they  often  join  in  packs,  to 
attitck  a  wild  bull,  and  even  a  man  on  horfe- 
back,  when  they  are  prefled  by  hunger. 
The  tygers  are  not  numerous  in  woody 
parts,  which  are  only  to  be  found  on  the 
banks  of  the  rivulets.  The  inhabitants  of 
thefe  countries  are  known  to  be  very  dexte- 
rous in  ufing  noofes,  and  it  is  fadt  that  fome 
Spaniards  do  not  fear  to  throw  a  noofe  even 
upon  a  tyger,  though  it  is  equally  certain 
that  fome  of  them  unfortunately  become  the 
prey  of  thefe  ravenous  creatures.  Wood  is 
■  very  dear  at  Buenos  Ayres,  and  at  Monte- 
video. In  the  neighbourhood  of  thefe  places 
are  onlv  fome  little  fhrubs,  hardly  fit  for  fuel. 
All  timber  for  building  houfes  and  conllrudt- 
ing  and  refitting  the  veilels  t'^at  navigate  in 
the  river,  comes  from  Paraguay  in  rafts.  It 
•would,  however,  be  eafy  to  get  all  the  t.m- 
ber  for  conftruding  the  greateft  fhip  fioni 
the  ':pper  part  of  the  country,  tn  1796, 
thir:y-five  fhips  arrived  at  Buenos  Ayres, 
from  Old  Spain,  th  value  of  whofe  cargoes 
amounted  to  i,.705, 866  American  dollars,  in 
the  produdions  of  the  mother  country,  be- 
fidesthe  value  of  1,148,078,  dollars,  in  other 
articles,  making  the  whole  of  the  importa- 
tion amount  to  2,853.944  dollars.  I'he 
exports  in  return  conliited  of  coined  and 
uncoined  gold,  to  the  value  of  1,425,701 
dollars;  the  (ilver  amounted  to  2,566,304. 
The  other  produdions,  confiiling  of  raw 
hides,  horfe  hides,  flvins  of  other  kinds,  tal- 
low, Vicunna  wool,  common  wool,  Gua- 
naco  wool,  goofe-wings,  ox-horns,  copper, 
tin,  failed  beef,  faked  pork,  tanned  liides, 
and  manufactured  Iheep-fldns,  increaled  the 


value  to  5,058,882  dollars  in  the  whole." 
In  1806,  it  was  taken  hv  tlic  Britiih,  under 
Sit  Hone  Popham  and  General  Beresford. 
Zovr.  59.  51.  W.  Lat.  34.  4c.  S. 

Bu-'uo,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Mocaranga. 

Bneroj  lee  Botiro. 

Bufaiit-ro;  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe 
of  Lima,  on  a  river  near  the  coaft.  65  ra, 
NNW.  Guaura.     Lrtt.  10.  5.  S. 

Bujalora,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Olona.     15  miles  VV.  Milan. 

Buff  Ijl and,  a  final'  iflaiid  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  weft  coaft  of  Africa.  Lat.^.  10.  N. 

Buffalo,  a  lake  of  North.-America,  about 
25  miles  long,  and  from  2  to  10  wide. 
Long.  108.  5  ^  W.  Lat.  S5-  5S-  N._ 

Buffalo,  or  C01V  IJland,  a  Imall  ifland  in 
the  Chineie  fea,  near  the  coaft  of  Chiampa. 
Lorv^,  107.  28.  E.  Lat.  10.  40   N. 

Buffalo's,  a  clufter  of  imall  illands,  in  the 
bay  (.*■'  Bengal,  on  the  coaft  of  Ava.  Lo)ig. 
94.  25.  E.  Lat.  x6.  21.  N. 

Buffalo  Creek,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio,  Lo'jg.  88.  39.  W. 
Lat. 40.  13.  N. 

Buffalo  Creek,  z  river  of  Nortii-Carolino, 
which  runs  into  the  Cangaree,  Lo7ig.  81.46. 
W.  Z^/.  35.  12.  N. 

Biffdlo's  Horns,  two  fir.all  iOands  in  the 
Mergui  Archipelago.  3  miles  E.  the  ifland 
of  St.  Clara. 

Biff  aid's  Lake,  a  lake  of  North-America, 
Long.  III.  VV.  Lat.  67.  N. 

Buffalos  River,  a  river  of  I.ouifiana,  which 
runs  into  the  Red  River,  Long.  92.  26.  Vv''. 
Lat.  31.  23.  N. 

Buffalo  Rocks,  feveral  fingle  rocks  in  the 
Bay  of  Bengal.  Long.  94.  23.  £.  Lai, 
16.  54.  N. 

Buffalo  Toivn,  a  town  of  Ne\v-York» 
near  lake  Erie. 

Bufflles,  or  Btff,  an  ifland  of  Africa,  in 
the  m-juth  of  the  river  Camarones. 

Bug,  a  river  of  Poland,  uhich  rifes  in  Ga- 
licia,  and  runs  into  the  Viftula,  a  few  miles 
below  Warfaw. 

Buga,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Popayan.  60  miles  NE.  Po- 
payan.    Long.  75.  21.  W.  Lat.  3.  N. 

Buga,  lee  Bruxe. 

Bhgaf.ng,  a  tov/n  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  illand  of  Panay.  Long.-  iiz.  5.  E. 
Lat.  II.  16.  N. 

Bugen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  Mid- 
dle Mark  of  Uian  den  burg.  10  miles  W. 
Francfort  on  the  Oder. 

Bugey,  before  the  revolution,  a  province. 
or  fmall  country  of  France,  of  whicli  Belley 
was  the  capital;  bounded  on  the  caft  by  Sa- 
voy, on  the  fbutii  by  Daupliiny,  on  the  weft 
by  Bielfe,  on  the  north  by  Franche-Coinpte; 
and  was  dependent  on  the  government  of 
Bur^unjy.    It  is  about  60  miles  in  length, 


B 


I 


B  U   K 


and   t6  broad,  now  in  the  deprutment  of 
the  Am. 

Bu7den^  or  Buckdin,  a  tovn  of  Englsnd, 
in  diC  county  of  Huiuingdon,  v/ith  a  weekly 
maikct  on  Sjituiday,  .and  about  869  inhabi- 
tacts.  The  biihop  a/ Lincoin  has  a  piliice 
here.    2,0  miles  S.  Stamford,  60  N.  London. 

Eugsat,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
XD.tTit  of  the  Creufe,     11  miles  N.  Tulle. 

B:'.g^ard,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  the 
iflsr>d  of  Fiinen.     10  miles  W.  Odtnfee. 

Buggies  Bay,  {ct  Boytey  Bay. 

Bu.ggil,'i  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Bondou.    36  miles  SW=  Fstteconda. 

Btiggulgonv,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
BagSana.     45  miles  NE.  Chandor. 

Bitgia,  fee  Boujciah. 

iJwfv^",  a  feaport  town  of  Egypt,  on  the 
U'eft  coail  of  the  R.ed  fea.  Long.^^Z,  40.  E. 
Lat.z^.  15.  N. 

Bugles,  fee  Baxos  del  Comhoi. 

Biignony  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Pyrenees.  3  miles  NW. 
1-Javaxreins. 

Eague,  {La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partn;ent  of  the  Dordogne.  12  miles  SV.'. 
Montignac,  19  SE.  Pengueux. 

Bu^-ity,  a  town  on  the  north  coafi:  of  the 
iiland  ot  Lucon.  Long.  121.  52.  E.  Lai. 
iS.  z6.  N. 

B-ugidma,  a  town  of  Rufl^a,  in  the  govern- 
nent  of  Upha.  120  miles  W.  Upha.  Long. 
53.  3-V  E.     Lat.  54.  3c.  K. 

BagurnJIavjk,  a  town  of  Rufiia,  in  the  go- 
veinirientof  Upha,  on  the  Kinel.  laS  miles 
WSW.  Upha,  160  NW.  Orenburg.' 

Bugutfhani,  a  town  of  Siberia.  168  miles 
E.  I.nifeilk. 

Bzihlvr,  a  river  of  Wurtemberg,  which 
ixr^sinto  the  Kocher,  at  Geilhngen. 

Btihl,  or  Buhel,  a  town  of  Gei  many,  in 
the  circle  of  Swabia,  and  Marggravate  of 
Baden.  6  miles  SW.  Baden,  9  SSV/. 
Ri^adt.     Long.  8.  12.  E.  Lai.  48.  44.  N. 

B'J'i,  a  town  of  Gcrmanv,  in  the  princi- 
panty  of  Culmbacb.    9  m.  SSW.  Culnibach. 

BxL'ffz,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
ofUppcrSaxonyand  the  Farther  Pomerania. 
It  has  a  Icat  of  juftiee.  12  miles  N.  Stettin. 
L-:>!.'g.  16.  ."2.  E.  Lat.  5.;.  ^2.  N. 

BuH>~vitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Hradifch.     7  miles  WN  W.  Hradilch. 

Bjirris,  a_  town  of  the  the  .V.rabian  Irak, 
on  the  Tigris.     30  miles  N.  Bagdad. 

Bui,  a  river  of  Ruffia,  which  joins  tiie 
Kair.  ?, ,  r,  car  Molevo. 

Buiii,  allrongtown  oflflria;  when  imder 
the  Venetians,  the  refidence  of^  a  governor. 
15  n-;iies  S.  1  rieftc.    Lo:r^,  i ',.  4 ',.  E.  Lat. 

Buia,  a  town  of  Ita'v,  in  Friuli.  4  miles 
SSW.  ("tmona,   14  NV\'.  Udina, 

Jiuiu^y  a  cafflc  of  Huugarv.  16  miles 
W"NW.  Waifzen. 


B  uj  a  JUT, 'z  town  of  Hindooftan  in  Gazerat. 
25  miles  S.  Janagur. 

Bujalar.ce,  a  tov/n  of  Sp  :in,  in  the  pro- 
x'lv.ci  of   Cordova.     10  miles  E.  Cordova^ 

Bujlo,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,  in  the' 
province  of  Darien.     5  m.  SE.  Porto-Bello. 

Buil  Bay,  a  hay  on  the  fouth  coail  of 
Cochinchina.  Lo!:g.  ic8.  51.  E.  Lat, 
II.  33.  N. 

Builth,  or  Bealth,  a  town  of  South  Wales, 
in  Brccknockfiin-e,  on  the  Wye,  v/ith  two 
markets  weekly,  on  Wcdnefdayand  Friday, 
though  hardly  containing  680  inhabitants. 
It  boafts  of  confiderable  antiquity;  but, 
probably  was  not  a  Roman  Itation,  though 
many  antiquaries  fix  here  Bulla^um.  Here 
was  a  caflle  built  by  the  Britons  when  they 
were  driven  from  England  bv  the  Saxons, 
which  being  taken  polfefiion  of  by  the  Eng- 
lillr  foon  after  the  conqueft,  was  burned  by 
one  of  the  Welch  princes.  It  was  after- 
wards rebuilt  by  the  Mortimers,  earls  of 
March,  and  deftroyed  by  an  accidental  fire, 
with  great  part  of  the  town,  in  the  year 
1690.  In  the  neighbom-hood  of  this  town 
Llewellyn,  the  laft  reigning  prince  of  Whales, 
was  flain  in  a  wood,  after  a  defperatc  battle 
between  the  Bntifh  and  tlie  Engliih  forces, 
which  was  fought  at  a  bridge  on  die  river 
Yrvon,  when  the  former  were  entirelyrouted. 
Here  is  a  manufacture  of  flockings.  -\bout  :t 
mile  north-welt  from  the  town  are  fom.e 
fdt  fprirgs,  called  Park  Wells  22  miles 
SVV.  Prcfteign,  171  WNW.Lo.ndon.  Lo7ig. 
3. 16.  W\     i.^;.  52.  8.N. 

Bvtpeda,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic.     Lat.  13.  ■x.s.  S. 

Buhiaah  Point,  a  cape  on  the  well  coajl 
of  Ii^eland,  in  the  county  of  Mayo,  on  the 
South  of  the  entrance  into  Newport  Bay. 
Long.  9.  45.  W.  Lat.  53.  46.  N. 

Buiii/},  a  town  of  Rullia,  in  the  province 
of  Simbirdc.     36  miles  NNW.  Simbirflc. 

Buis  (Le,)  a  town  of  France,  and  feat 
of  a  tribunal,  m  the  department  of  the 
Drome.  22  miles  E.  Orange,  32  SSE. 
Valence.     Long.  5.  21.  E.  Lat.  44.  17.  N. 

Buijkoi,  a  town  of  Rufiia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Irkutik.     64  m..  SE.  Nertohintflf. 

Buitrago,  fee  Buytrago. 

Bujuk,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Trebiibnd.  18  miies  SW. 
Trebilbnd. 

Btijuk,  Czcmage,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  Romania.     6  m.W.  Conihuninopie. 

Buk,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
of  Pofnania.     18  miles  W.  Pofen 

Bukamccla,  a  town  ofAiVica,  capital  of 
adiftrictinthekingdomofAnziko.  Lat.y,.  S. 

Bukaiid,  a  town  of  Tuikcftan.  45  m. 
NE.  Toccat. 

Bukans,  a  town  of  Hungary.  3;  miles 
N.  Gran,  88  E.  Vienna. 

/  ukari,  fiC  Bu:cari. 


B  U  K 

Bukar'i,   or   Bok.ui,   or  Bv.kar'iza,    fee 

Bt',:cnrt. 

Bukare/},  foe  BucharcQ. 

Bukeiff.ord,  fee  Aardclifiorcl. 

Bukhara,  a  city  of  Alia,  and  cnpltal  of  a 
part  of  Grand  Bukharia,  on  a  river  which 
tuns  into  the  Oihon,  Ir  is  fitnated  on  a 
riling  jjround  with  a  (lender  wall  of  earth, 
and  a  di  y  ditch.  Tlit  houfes  are  low,  and 
generaliv  built  of  eartii.  The  mofqaes, 
which  are  numerous,  are  all  of  brick.  The 
bazars,  or  market-places,  are  generally  built 
of  brick  or  ftone ;  and  there  is  a  llately 
building  appropriated  for  an  univeriity  or 
college  for  tlie  cducat'on  of  priefts.  The 
trade  is  much  declined  from  what  it  once 
was.  The  produce  is  cotton,  lamb-furs, 
down,  rice,  and  cattle.  They  manufailure 
foap,  cotton-yarn,  and  calicoe,  which  they 
carry  to  PerlJa,  and  receive  in  return  velvet, 
fill',  c'oth,  and  lalhes,  as  liiiewife  fhalloons, 
ir^di'^o,  coidi,  and  cochineal.  Rhubarb, 
EUiil:,  and  caftcr,  they  obtain  from  the  Cal- 
muc?;  but  tlie  wars  of  Nadir  Shah,  and 
frequent  robberies,  delboyed  the  trade. 
The  inhabitants  are  reprefented  as  more  ci- 
vilized than  chjle  of  Khieva,  but  cou'ardly, 
cruel,  eflemip.ate,  and  perfidious.  Their 
nioney  is  ducats  of  gold,  weighing  a  nvufcal, 
or  threepenny-weights  Engliih;  alio  pieces 
oi'  copper  called  tongas,  which  pafs  at  lifty 
or  eighty  for  a  ducat,  according  to  their 
lize.  In  1 220, this  city  was  taken  by  Gen- 
g'lis  Kan,  in  i;,70,  by  Timur  Bee,  and  in 
1737,  by  Nadir  Shah.  100  niilesW.  Sam.tr- 
cand.     Z'?;.^.  61.  58.     Z;?/.  :,9-  20.  N. 

Bukbaria,  or  Buckaria,  or  Brkoariu,  or 
Bokaria,  Grc'at,  a  country  of  Alia,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  dominions  of  Ruifia,  on 
the  eaft  by  Litde  Bukharia,  on  the  fouth  by 
Hindooftan  and  Periia,  and  on  the  weft  by  a 
pirt  of  Perfia  and  the  Cafpian  fea.  This 
country  Tv  as  known  in  the  time  of  Alexander 
the  Great  by  the  name  of  Sogdiana,  and 
made  part  of  Scylhia,  as  it  does  now  of  Tar- 
tary.  It  probably  owes  its  prefent  name  to 
the  citv  of  Bukhara,  or  Bokhara,  Vv-hich  uas 
extended  from  the  capital  to  the  countrv 
at  large.  The  irhabitants  are  in  general 
tawny,  with  black  hair,  but  fome  of  them 
are  white,  handfome,  and  v.cll  made;  they 
arc  warlike.,  and  chicflv  ufe  for  arms  abo-.v, 
a  lance,  and  a  fabre.  The  land  is  fertile  in 
corn  and  fruit,  the  b:;ft  cultivated  of  a^l  the 
country  which  goes  by  the  name  or  Tartary, 
and  is  well  watered  by  rivers,  the  principal 
of  which  is  the  Gihon.  Bukharia  is  one  of 
the  moll:  fertile  regions  in  the  north  part  of 
Alia,  and  divided  into  two  parts,  the  Great, 
an<l  the  Little.  The  former  is  iub:!ividcd 
into  three  Bukharias,  properly  fo  called,  the 
province  of  Sarmacand,  and  that  of  Balk, 
each  havii^  its  own  khan,  but  one  alone 
iwHiSUmes has  tv»o,  though  very  raiely  three. 


B  tJ  K 

Buk-har,  in  the  Moj;iil  language,  Hgniaes 
L'ari!:'d,  and  Buklnriu,  the  country  of  the 
it-arr.rd;  becaule  there  was  a  time  in  which 
the  Iciences  were  cultivated  there  with  coa- 
iiderable  fucrcfs,  and  the  Moguls  both  tra- 
velled thither  tliemlclvcs,  and  ient  their  chil- 
dren for  inftruction.  BiikhanaPropcr  is  more 
ornamented  v;ith  towns  than  other  provinces. 
The  language  of  IJakharia  is  that  of  the  Per- 
iians,  to  wl.om  thele  Tartars  were  for  a  long 
period  fubjerted,  but  with  whom  tliey  are  at 
prefent  irrcconcileable  enemies.  They  hare 
lomc  copper  and  hlver  money,  which  palTss 
current,  but  all  coniiderable  fums  are  paid  in 
gold  and  lilvcr,  which  they  cut  and  «'cigh. 
Commerce  ought  to  be  bjth  extenlive  and 
fiouriiliing  in  this  line  country,  which  is  des- 
tined by  iuture  to  be  the  grand  mart  of 
China,  India,  Pcriia,  and  RulTia;  but  it  is 
fhackled  in  all  their  cities  by  the  tyranny  of 
the  khaus,  and  their  officers.  Thcfe  do  Dot 
fcruple,  v/hen  they  are  indebted  on  the  one 
account,  to  take  credit  on  the  other,  which 
continued  circulation  or  loans  at  length  re- 
duces the  merchants  to  di'drefs.  The  rob- 
beries committed  by  the  wandering  Tartars 
in  the  flat  country  is  ftill  more  detrimeatal 
to  commerce,  Vv'hich,  notwithftanding  thefe 
impediments,  fupports  itfelf  bv  the  advanta- 
geous iituation,  and  fertility  of  the  foil.  The 
Ifates  of  tlie  great  Moguls  and  Perfia  are 
fuppiicd  from  Bukharia  with  ail  kinds  of 
dried  fruits  of  the  mofl  exquiiite  iiavoar. 
Three  diftinct  nations  are  comprized  in 
Great  Bukharia;  the  Bukhars,  who  were  the 
ancient  inhabitants;  the  Jagatay,  or  Moguls, 
who  eilabliihed  thcmfclves  there  under  Ja- 
gatay, fecond  Ion  of  Genghis  Khan ;  and  the 
Ulbek  Tartars,  who  are  its  adual  po/Tc.^ors. 
The  Bukhars  inhabit  the  cities,  for  which 
reaibn  they  are  dencm'nated  Tajiks,  by  tlie 
Tartars,  which  ineans  burgeifes  or  citizens. 
Tiiey  are  of  good  itature,  and  rather  fair 
for  the  climate.  The  generality  have  large 
fparkling  black  eyes,  an  aquiline  nofe,  a  well 
formed  countenance,  very  fine  black  hair, 
a  bufhy  be.ird,  and  are  quite  exempt  from 
the  deformity  of  the  Tartars  amongft  whom 
they  live.  The  women,  for  the  nioft  part, 
are  tall,  and  have  beautiful  features  and  com- 
plexions. The  difference  between  the  Jrefs 
of  the  two  fexes  is  very  inconhderable;  they 
both  v.'cai  long  robes,  but  thofe  of  theiem.aies 
are  always  the  niofr  ornamented.  Tlieir  re- 
ligion is  the  Mahometan..  They  chiedy  fub- 
lill  by  commerce  and  trade.  They  never 
embarrais  themfelves  either  with  war  or  po- 
litics, but  leave  ihofe  points  to  the  Ull)cks 
and  Kalmuks,  contenting  themfelves  with 
confcientioulv  paying  their  taxes,  on  which 
account  the  Ta;  tars  defpifcand  treat  them  as 
a  flmple  pufillanimous  people.  Their  origin 
is  unknovvn;  they  report  themfelves  to  have 
emigrated  fi  om.  a  xti  y  diitant  counti  y .  5cn;e 


,  B  U  K  ./ 

authors  have  conjed-ured  that  they  are  de- 
fcended  from  the  ten  tribes   whom  Salrria- 
irar/er  carried  captive  into  the  terntories  Oi 
the  Medcs.     Their  phyfiognomy  is  thought 
to  bear  fome  reiemblance  to  the  Jewifh-  and 
a  iimikrity  alio  prevails  in  their  ceremonies. 
The  Jagatav  and  Ufbek  Tartars  are  the  fame 
people,  under  two  denominations.     Thefe 
Buhharian  Tartars  are  in   general  eftcemed 
the  moft  civilized   of  the  MahorriCtan  Tar- 
tars, though  thev  are  as  great  robbers  as  the 
reft.    Their  drefs  is  fhort,  and  adapted  for 
exercife;  that  of  the  women  as  well  as  of  the 
men.     Boiled  rice  and  horfe-fleth  conftitute 
their  vi;inds,  and  two  liquors  extradted  from 
mare's  milk,  their  ufual  beverage.     Their 
language  is  a  mixture  of  the  Turkifh,  Mogul, 
and  Perlian;  btit  approaches  nearefl:  to  the 
]aft.     They  have  only  latterly  accuftomed 
themfelves  to  fire-arms.     The  dart,   arrow, 
and  cfpecially  the  fpear,  are  formidable  wea- 
pons in  their  hands.    They  alfo  wear  coats 
of  mail,  and  make  ufe  of  a  fliield  to  defend 
thenrfcives  from  the  fabre.     The  Tartars  of 
Bukharia  are  the  moft  robuft  and  valiant  of 
all  the  Tartars.     Their  wives  follow  them  to 
the  lield  of  {laughter,  and  undauntedly  mix 
with  the  combatants.     Some  of  them  are 
extremely  well  made,  pretty,  and  very  beau- 
tiful.     The  Ufbek   horfes  are  almoft    all 
ihockingly  thin,  but  extrenricly  fpirited,  and 
alm.oll  indefatigable.     The  moft  common 
grafs,  or  even  a  little  mofs,  will  fuffice  their 
moft  preffing  occafions.    Thefe  people  are 
continually  engp.ged  in  hoftilities   with  the 
Perfians,  who  are  only  feparated  from  them 
.    by  wide  trads,  which  are  favourable  to  their 
incurfions;  but  the  ftates  of  the  Mogul  are 
more  dilncult  of  accefs,  owing  to  the  high 
mountains  which  divide  them.  Thofe  among 
them  whofe  iubhftcnce  depends  on  their  cat- 
tle, live  under  tents,  like  the  Kalmuks,  and 
pitch  their  camps  indifcriminately,  wherever 
the  herbage  they  are  in  want  of  is  moft  plen- 
tiful.    Thofe  who  till  the  earth,  inhabit  vil- 
lage? and  hamlets. 

Bukharia,  (Little,)  a  country  of  Afia, 
and  part  of  Tartary,  bounded  on  the  north 
by  the  dominions  of  Ruflia,  on  the  eaft  by 
Chincfel'artary,  on  the  fbuth  by  Thibet  and 
Hindoofliui,  and  on  the  weft  by  Great  Buk- 
haria. The  country  is  populous  and  fertile, 
but  for  the  moft  part  mountainous.  The  ani- 
mal producing  mufk  is  found  here,  and  the 
mountains  contain  mines  of  gold,  iilvcr,  and 
diamunds.  Thefe  form  the  principal  ;>rticles 
of  their  trafiic  with  India,  China,  and  Rullia. 
The  melons  are  in  gieat  elfimation;  it  iMO- 
duccs  little  fruit.  The  country  is  divided  into 
fevcral  ilatcs,  each  governed  by  a  Lhan,  or 
prince :  the  number  of  inhabitants,  bounds, 
dimenfions,  and  many  other  circun)ftanccs, 
are  totally  unknown  to  Europeans.  This 
country  is  not  called  LittlcBukhana,  becaufe 


B  U  K 

it  is  lefs  than  the  other,  but  becaufe  it  is  nei- 
ther fo  fertile  nor  fo  populous.     It  is   com- 
poied  of  a  long  chain  of  mountains,  rifing 
from  fandy  defcrts,  and  extending  from  the 
country  of  the  Kaimuks  to  the  north-weft  of 
China,  along  the  Mogul  empire  and  Thibet, 
refembling  a  fea  interfpcrfed  with  rocks  and 
iflands.     It  is  eafy  to  conceive  that  there  is 
no  travelling  from  one  inhabited  fpot   to 
another,   without  encountering  many  diffi- 
culties, and  ringing  various  dangers;  as  the 
Tartars  who  rove  th-  plains,  and  the  pirates 
who  infeft  the  coaft,  are  conftandy  on  the 
watch  for  plunder.     This  country  produces 
mufk,  quantities  of  gold-duft,  precious ftones, 
and  diamonds ;  but  the  people  are  ignorant 
of  the  art  of  cutting  or  polifhmg  them.    The 
rivers  which  wafh  down  the  gold  and  iilver 
duft,  lof  e  themfelves  in  the  fand.  Some  parts 
of  thefe  deferts  are  entirely  deftitute  of  ver- 
dure and  water;  others  are  interfecfled  by 
trafls  of  tolerably-good  ground,  which  are 
known  to  travellers  of  that  country;  though 
by  no  means  fo  well  as  to  their  camels,  who 
fee. It  them  from  a  diftance,   and  haften  to 
arrive  there  to  refrefh  themfelves.    Although 
the  inhabitants  of  the  LcfTer-Bukharia  refem- 
ble  thofe  of  the  greater,  ftill  there  are  fhades 
diftinguifliingthemdeferving  notice:  they  are 
of  a  darker  hue,  probably  from  the  refleded 
heat  of  the  fandy  defarts.  They  are  more  ad- 
di(fled  to  commerce,   and  alfo  more  flcilful 
in   it;    their  drefs  likewife  is  longer;   the 
women  wear  more  ornaments,  and  dye  their 
nails  red.    Their  furniture  is  very  fi\r  from 
fumptuous.    Trunks  plated  with  iron,   are 
ranged  along  the  walls,  on  which,  during  the 
day,  mattraffes  are  placed,  which  are  their 
beds  at  night.     Thev  ftrip  themfelves  to  go 
to  reft;  they  neither  ufe  tables,  chairs,  knives, 
nor  forks,  but  put  their  diiTies  on  a  cloth, 
which  alfo  ferves  them  for  a  napkin.    They 
make  a  kind  of  fmall  cakes,   compofed  of 
minced  meat,  which  will  keep,  and  of  which 
they  make  very  palatable  foup  in  their  long, 
journeys.    They  prepare  their  tea  with  milk, 
lalt,  and  butter,  and  they  are  no   ftrangers 
to   bread.     As   the   Bukharians  buy  their 
wives,  their  daughters  are  a  real  treafure. 
The  betrothed  couple  are  forbidden  by  the 
law  either  to  fpeak  to  or  fee  each  other  from 
tlie  figning  of  the  contrad  to  the  celebra- 
tion of  the  marriage :  but  whether  the  in- 
terval be  long  or  fhort,  is  not  known.    They 
have  another  law  to  the  full  as  ridiculous; 
the  wedded  pair  muft  not   fee  each   other 
during  the  perfbrmancc  of  the  marriage  ce- 
remony by  a  pnelt.     Polygamy  is  accounted 
a  lip,  but  It  is  not  the  lefs  committed  by  the 
greater  parr  of  the  nation.     Some  men  have 
fix  wives  and  upwards.     The  occupation  of 
a  phyficiaii  in  thii   country  is  to  read  a  fen- 
tence   from    fome  books  of  the   patient,  to 
breathe  oa  him  Icveral  tinaes,  and  wave  a 


B  U  K 


B  U  L 


can  overthrow  liim,  I  will  embrace  his  reli- 
gion." The  miilionary  accepted  the  chal- 
lenge; and  being  apparently  as  well  gifted 
with  (inews  as  lungs,  on  the  iirft  onlet  ex- 
tended the  Mogul   on  the  earth,    where  he 


ftiarp-edged  knife  acrofs  his  face,  to  cut  the  if  the  Mahometan  will  wrefHe  with  him,  anti 
root  of  the  diforder.  If  he  die,  the  koran  is 
placed  on  his  breaft,  which  cuftom  proves 
Mahomedanifm  to  be  the  predominant  reli- 
gion. The  Kalmuks,  however,  tho'  plunged 
according  to  hiftory  in  the  groffeft  idolatry, 

allow  the  greateil  toleration  in  matters  of  continued  for  fome  time  lenfelefs.  The 
religion.  The  Bukhars  lay,  that  God  firft  efficacy  of  this  inftruc^tion  inllantly  con- 
communicated  the  koran  to  mankind  by  the  verted  both  the  Tartar  and  his  champion, 
miniftry  of  Moles  and  the  prophets;  and  i?///'/,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinak: 
thatitwas afterwards explainedby  Mahomed,  of  Kiev.  44  miles  S.  Bial.icerkiew. 
They  have  an  uncommon  veneration  for  i?«/^r^,  a  town  of  Hindooftan  in  Guzerat, 
Jksus  Christ,  whom  they  regard  as  a  17  miles  SE.  Janagur 
great  prophet.  They  believe  him  to  have 
been  born  of  the  Virgm  Mary,  untainted  by 
any  mortal  commerce;  but  of  the  birth  and 


infancy  both  of  the  mother  and  the  child,    SE.  Carllladt. 


Buko-cai-y   a  town  of  Sclavonia,    on  the 
Danube,     iz  miles  SSE.  Elzek. 

Buko'jitza,  a  town  of  Croatia.     14  miles 


they  relate  a  multitude  of  improbable  fables. 
The  Bukhars  believe  in  the  refurredion  and 
a  future  exiftence.  Twenty-Hve  princes, 
deicended  from  Genghis  Khan,  by  Jagatay 
his  eldefl  Ton,  have  reigned  in  Great  Buk- 
haria.  Their  empire  continued  during  a 
feries  of  170  years,  and  terminated  in  the 


fecond  year  of  the  15th  century,  owing  to  the    S  W.  Doroninflc 


jBiikoiv,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Mecklenburg.  16  miles  NE. 
Wifmar.  Long.  n.  42.  E.    l.nt.  54.  ^.N. 

Bukonvfko,  a  -town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Bechin.     10  miles  SSE.  Bechin. 

Bukuknnjloi,  Kamen,  a  fortrcfs  of  Rullia, 
in  the  government  ot  Irkutfli.     120  miles 


diffentionsamongft  relations,  whofe  ambition 
was  adive  in  expelling  each  other  from 
the  throne.  The  laft  fovereign  was  only  a 
nominal  prince,  who  commanded  fome  bat- 
talions of  troops  in  the  army  of  Tamerlane. 
The  khans  of  Little  Bukharia  were  alfo  the 
defcendants  of  Genghis  Khan,  by  the  fame 
Jagatay,  but  the  dire<fl  line  was  notunfre- 
quently  interrupted.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  fourteenth  century,  it  even  was  almoft 
effaced  :  it  continued  to  rc-appear  at  intervals 


Bukupienkk,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the 
palatinate   of  Lublin.     22   miles   S.  Lublin. 

Billy  a  town  of  Africa  in  Tunis.  70  m 
W.  Tunis.  Long.  8.  30.  E.  Lat.  36.  40.  N. 

Bala,  a  town  on  the  eafl  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Lu9on.  Long.iT,^-  46.  E.  Lut. 
13.4S.N. 

Biilac,  a  town  of  Egypt  and  the  port  of 
Grand  Cairo,  on  the  Nile,  where  veflels 
which  bring  goods  to  that  city  abide  It 
contains  a  cuftom-houle,  magazines,  and  a 


until  the  fifth  year  of  the  17th.     It  probably    large  bazar.  In  1799,  it  wasalmoll  deffroyed 


may  ftill  exifl,  but  is  thought  to  be  extind 
The  converfion  of  Togalak  the  Firft  among 
thele  princes,  who  embraced  Mahomedanfm, 
is  attended  with  remarkable  events.  Being 
hunting,  he  met  with  a  Mahomedan  trader, 
vhom  he  treated  moft  brutally.  The  good 
mufTulman's  patience  affedted  the   prince. 


by  the  French.  Niebuhr  feems  to  fix  on, 
this  as  the  lite  of  the  ancient  Litopolis.  % 
miles  W.  Cairo. 

Bidacan,  a  province  of  the  ifland  of  Lu- 

^on  or  Manilla. 

Biil.ach,   a  town  of  Sv/iflerland,    in  the 
canton  of  Zurich.     This  town  entered  into 


■who  promifed  to  embrace  a  religion  capable  an  alliance  with  Zurich,  in  1407.     The  in- 

ofinfpiring  fo  much  virtue  ;  but  this  refolu-  habitants  are  proteftants.  8  miles  N.  Zurich. 

tion  wasfoon  forgotten.     Fruitlefs  were  the  Long.  8.  27.  E.  Lat.  47.  26.  N. 
mufTulman  apoftle's  endeavours  to  remind        Bulach,  (Nc-lv,)  a  town  of  Wurtemberg, 

him  of  his  word ;  he  was  debarred  from  in  the  bailiwic  annexed  is  a  mountain,  in 

gaining  accefs  to  the  prince,  as  well  as  his  which  are  found  copper  and  iron  ores.     20 

fon,  whom  he  exhorted  to  effe<5l  that  good  miles  WSW.  Stuttgard,  4  SW.  Calw.  Long. 


deed  with  his  dying  breath.  The  attempts 
of  the  latter  to  enter  the  palace  being  always 
fruftrated,  he  adopted  the  expedient  of  af- 
cending  a  neighbouring  acclivity,  and  there 


8.  43.  E.  Lat.  4S.  42.  N. 

Bnlal,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Gambia. 

Bnlam,  an  ifland  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the 


repeating  his  morning  prayers,  which  he  did  coaft  of  Africa,  three  miles  from  the  con- 
in  fo  audible  a  voice  as  to  wake  Togalak,  tinent,  about  24  miles  long  and  12  broad, 
who fent  for  the  zealot  to  demand  the  reafon  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Grande;  an  En- 
of  his  violent  ejaculations.  To  recolledt  his  glifii  fettlement  v/as  attempted  here,  but' 
promife  to  be  converted  was  the  affair  of  a  was  deftroyed  by  the  Africans  from  the  con- 
moment.  His  courtiers  followed  his  exam-  tinent,  who  murdered  Ibme,  and  compelled 
pie,  except  one,  who  however  agreed  to  the  reff  to  depart,  and  take  refuge  in  the 
comply  on  one  condition.  "  We  have  here,"  fetdement  of  Sierra  Leona.  Long.  i4>  38. 
fdid  he,  "a  Mogul  of  extraordinary  ftrength,  W.  Lat.  11.  o.  l-i. 


B  U  L 

BiiJarfkaia,  a  town  of  Paiflia,  on  tf.e 
fbuth  fide  of  the  Irtifch,  oppofite  Tobolik. 

Bidbul,  a  town  of  Nubia.  30  miles  NW. 
GielTin. 

Bnlcherrw  an  iHand  in  the  mouth  of  the 
Ganges,  about  15  miles  in  circumference. 
Lang.  88.  40.  E.  Lat.%\  .IT-.N.  _     , 

Bulckau,  a  town  of  Aulfria,  fituated  on 
a  river  of  the  fame  name.  i  mile  W. 
Schrattentaal. 

Bulckau,  a  river  of  Auftria,  which  runs 
iato  the  Taya.     4  miles  W.  Laab. 

Buldat,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak.  20 
miles  E.  Bagdad. 

Bulduruijkoj,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the 
government  ol  Irkutlk.  13a  miles  ESE. 
Kertchinik. 

Bulg,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  weft  coaft 
oj Scotland.   Loi:g.K,.  5.  \V.  Lat.  58.  .-;;,.  N. 

Bulfrickhch?!,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Qoantv  of  Wertheim.    12  m.  S.  Wertheim, 

Bidgar,  a  mountain  of  Afiatic  Turkey, 
in  Caramania.     .^o  miles  S.  Cogni. 

Bid'^aria  (Great,)  a  country  of  Alia,  in 
Ruilian  Tartary,  incorpcrated  in:o  the  do- 
minions of  Rulha,  and  forming  part  of  the 
government  of  Caucafus. 

Bidg-iria  (Little,)  a  province  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  bounded  on  the  nortli  by  the 
Danube,  on,  the  eaft  by  the  Black  Sea,  on 
the  fouth  by  mount  Ksmus,  and  on  the 
weft  by  Servia  :,  anciently  a  pnrt  of  Mafia. 
The  country  is  full  of  mountains,  barren  at 
the  top,  but 'fertile  in  pafturage  at  the  bottom ; 
and  the  interveniny;  valleys  and  plains  pro- 
duce a  great  deal  of  corn  and  wine.  The 
inhabitants  are  for  lIjc  moft  part  Chriftians, 
but  exceedingly  ignoi  ant,  tliey  reckon aniong 
them  one  patriarch  and  three  aichbifhops, 
al!  under  the  authority  of  the  patriarch  of 
Conftantinople.  .  The  Turks  have  divided 
it  into  four  langiacais.  Sophia  is  the  capital. 
.  BulgJidvilu;  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Vofges.  10  miles  S. 
Neufchateau,  ai  W.  Epinal. 

Bulitaga,  a  range  ot  mountains,  whicii 
dividctheempire  of  Ruffiafroniperfia.  Long. 
7_i  to  73.  E.  Lat.  48.  30.  to  51.  N. 

Bnll,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  fouth  weft  coaft  of  Ireland,  three  miles 
weft  fromDurfey  llland.  Long.  10.  9.  W. 
/..7^.  CI,  33.  N. 

Bull,  a  rock  near  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
illmd  of  Rathlin,  in  the  north  channel,  fc- 
ven  miles  north-eaft  from  Bcngorc-Head, 
on  the  north  coaft  of  Ireland.  Lc?!g.  6. 
iz.  W.  Lat.  55.   19.  N. 

Bull  Rive?;  a  river  of  America,  wliich 
runs  into  the  river  Huron.  Lo.wg.Sz.  :.i. 
W.  Lat.  4>  3.  N. 

Ball  Head,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  on  the 
north  (ide  of  Dingle  Bay.  3  miles  SE. 
Dingle.  Long.  10.  \.  W.  Lat.  52.  6.  N. 

Bulls  Jjland)  a  fmall  iiland  in  the  Atiuntic, 


But 

near  t^e  coaf!:  of  fouth  Carolina,  Lorg.  ^^^ 
34.  W.  I^at.  32.  56.  N. 

Bull  and  Co^jj,  rocks  near  the  fouth" coaft 
of  Newfoundland.  Long.  53.  43.  IV.  Lat.. 
46.  ^s-  N. 

Bullan  Bay,  a  baiy  of  the  Atlantic,  be- 
tween the  ifland  of  Achil  and  the  weft  coaft 
of  Ireland.     Long.  9.  43.  W.     Lat.  54  N. 

Bullatter,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  Al- 
lahabad, on  the  Ganges.  30  miles  NE. 
Gazypour. 

Budauda,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Ruttunpour.     10  m.  S.  Ruttunpour. 

BullauJ^pour,  atown  of  Alia,  mthe  country 
of  Cahlore.  It  is  a  well-built  town,  and  the 
refidence  of  a  female  governor.  The  ftreets 
are  paved,  and  the  houfes  conftru-fted  of 
ftone.     159  miles  E.  Lahore. 

Butlc,  a  town  and  bailiwic  of  SwifTerland^ 
in  the  canton  of  Friburg.     10  m.  S.  Friburg. 

BulUmneer,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Oldenburg.     18  m.  N.  Oldenburg. 

Bullepada,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooiiian,  in  the 
circar  of  Cuddapa.     25  m.  SSE.  Cuddapa. 

Budcr's  I/land,  an  iiland  in  the  Mergui 
Archipelago,  about  6  miles  in  circumference. 
Lat.  10.  II.  N. 

Bulk:,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Oife,  on  the  river  Brefche, 
celebrated  for  its  fine  flax.  6  miles  NW. 
Clermont,  9  ENE.  Bcauvais. 

Bnlliah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  25  miles 
WNW.  Rangur. 

BuIUk,  a  tov/n  of  Africa  in  the  •  kingdom 
of  Burlaii.  Lovg.  i  j.  45.  W.  Lat.  13.  40.  N. 

Btdlnefs,  fee  Bo-^vuefs. 

Bullolepoiir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  ot  Sirhind.     48  miles   Sirhind. 

Bull:oak,  a  town  of  Bi^ngal.  do  miles 
SSE.  Dacca. 

Bullo'Aio,  a  town  of  Hindooftan  in  Oude. 
32  miles  SE.  Gooracpour.  Long.  84.  5.  E. 
Lat.  26.  25.  N. 

Bulloogaut,  a  town  of  Bengal.  26  miles 
SSE.  Dinagepour. 

Bulls  {Bay  of,)  on  the  eaft  fldc  of  New- 
foundland, called  by  the  French  BabAiL 
Long.  52.  20.  W.  Lat.  47.  2j.  N., 

BulLkin-Cicjk,  a.  river  of  America,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio.  Long.  84.  12.  W.  Lat. 
38v^.8-  N. 

Bulluary,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Singrowla.     i8  m.  FISE.  Saipour. 

Bulhllos,  a  town  of  Spain  in  Andalulia, 
12  miles  from  Lucena. 

Bully,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine.     i8  m.  N.Rouen. 

Bulniar?,  an  ifland  on  the  fourh  coaft  of 
Ireland,  at  the  entrance  of  Kinlalc  harbour. 
2  miles  S.  Kinfidc. 

Buloan,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaft  Indian 
fea,  near  the  Ibuth  coaft  of  Mindanuo- 
Long.  122.  45,  E.     Lat.  7.  6.  N. 

Bidranpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan  in 


BUN 


B  UN 


Bengal.  25  miles  NVV.  Midnapour.   Lovg.  country  of  Allahabad.    The  country  fnge- 

86.  50  E.  Lat.  22.  4t-  N.  neral   is   mountainous,  ftony,  \\\\\  covered 

Biilrampoia-,   a  town  of"  Hindooflan,  in  with  wood.   The  land,  wl^.ere  it  iy  nL'-t  ftony, 

Oude.   ;,j  in.  E.  Bahraitch.  38  N.  l-yzabad.  produces  all  forts  of  fruit,  but  neithc;  rice 

Bulfidi,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  country  nor  fugar;  cotton  trees  are  in  plenty,  and  a 

of  Yemen.     22  miles  SE.  Lohcia.  Ipecies  ot  tree  from  which  the  inha!  itants 

Bulfie,    a   town  of  Hindooftan,    in   the  gather  a  black  nut.     The  prinoinal    towns 

circar  of  Surgooja.    37  m.  ENE.  Surgooja.  are  Chatterpour,   Mow,  and   Pamah;the 

Bultiia,    a    town    of  Bengal.     17    miles  principal   river  is  the  Car.e   or  Ken.     It  is 

WNW.  BifTunnour.  governed  by  a   raja,  whoic  annual  income 

Buliim,  or  Bohn,  a  country  of  Africa,  in  amounts  to  near  two  crores  of  rupees,  inclu- 

Upper  Guinea,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  ding  his  diamond  mines,  which  are  leaftd  tt» 


Serbor^.     Lat.  7   N. 

Bnhifan.,  a  town  on  the  fouth-eaft  coaft 
of  Mindanao,  near  a  mountain  to  v/hich  it 
gives  name.    Long.  124.  8.  E.  Lijt.  13.  2.N. 

Bulzig,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
electorate  of  Saxony.     3  miles  S.  Zahna. 

Biiviivigeet,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia, 
on  the  Sogd.     40  miles  E.  Samarcand. 

Bionan-j,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bag- 
lana.     18  miles  NE.  Amednagur. 

Bum?no'!L\ih,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Curry  MundLi.     15  miles  NW.  Mundella. 

BuiHofa,  or  Abi  Mufa,  a  fmall  ifiand  in 
the  Perhan  gulf.  30  miles  N.  Julfar,on  the 
coaft  of  Arabia.    Long.^^.E.  /,^/.  26.15. N. 

Bmmtgger,  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
SE.  Dinagepour. 


merchant  adventurers. 

Bmdeii-,  X  town  ol  Germanv,  in  th':^  prin- 
cipality of  WoUenbuttel.    5  miles  E.  O  iilar. 

Bimderaje^.i  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  inBcrar, 
10  miles  E.  Akoi^t. 

Buihicfzfi,  a  town  of  Walachia,  on  the 
Ardjis.     24  miles  SE.  Bucliareft. 

BuNdiponr,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Bi'rdwan.  30  miles  SE.  Burdwan. 
Long.  88.  17.  E.     Lat.  22.  52.  N. 

Bundo'-Mrah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Berar.     t^^,  miles  S.  Coomtah. 

Buudpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
38  miles  E.  Fyzabad. 

Bundua,  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
NW.  Toree. 

Bundiiraul,   a   town    of   Hindooftan,   in 


5zi;z^y2?;-,  a  river  of  Morocco,  which  lofes  Lahore.     27  miles  NE.  Jummoo. 
itfelf  in  a  lake,  20  miles  NW.Mequinez.  Bund^vary,   a   town   of   Hindooftan,  in 

Bunatrahcr  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  yUlantic,  on  Oude.     8  miles  S.  Gooracpour. 
the   north  coaft  of  the  county  of  Mayo,  in        BuJigay,  a  town  of  Engla;id,in  the  county 

Ireland.     7  miles  W.   Killalla-bay.     Lo7ig.  of  Suffolk,  fituated  on  the  Wavenay,  which 

9.  14.W.     Z^/.  54.  19.  N.  is   navigable  for  barges  to  Yarmouth.     It 

Bunai.ve,  a  feaport  of  Scotland,  in  the  formerly  had  three  churches,  but  lias  now 

county  of  Argyle,  fituated  on  the  fouth  fide  only  two,  and  2349  inhabitants  in  1801,   of 

of  Loch  Etive,   at  the  mouth  of  the  river  whom    1076  were  employed   in  trade  and 

Awe.     114  miles  NNVV.  Edinburgh.  Long,  manufadures.     Here  likewife  was  a  ftrong 

5.  16.  W.     Lat.  56.  24.  N.  caftle,  demolifliedin  the  reign  of  Henry  III, 

Biuihang,   a  town  of  Bengal.      6  miles  In   the   year  1688,  nearly  the  whole  town 

SW.  Silhet.  was  confiimed  by  fire,  to  the  lofs  of  30,000!. 

Bunch,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into  It  has  a  weekly  market  on  Thurfdays.     38 

theAtlantic,  10  m. E.Cape Ledo.  Lat.%.1^.  miles  NNE.  Ipfwich,  107  NNE.  London. 


Biindody,  itQ  Nenv-Town  Barry. 

Bunconvra,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
33  miles  SW.  Patna. 

Bundapoota,  a  town  of  Bengal.  5  miles 
W.  Tomar. 

Bundar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  tlie 
circar  of  Surgooja.    20  niiles  SW.  Surgooja. 

Bundar,  a  town  of  Hindooffan,  in  Can- 
deifh.     30  miles  S.  Burhanpour. 

Bundaivah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ganges,  zz 
miles  W.  Arrah. 

Bu7ide,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  county 
of  Ravenfberg.  Its  trade  confilfs  in  thread 
andcoarfe  linen  ;  near  it  isamedicinal  fpring. 
ai  miles  WSW.  Mindcn,  28  NE.  Munfler. 
Long.  2.  2^.  E.     Lat.  i;2.  12.  N. 

Biindeh,  mountains  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gol- 


Long.  I.  28.  E.  Lat.  52.  36.  N. 

Biinggra,  a  town  of  Bengal.  $1  miles 
SW.  Burdwan. 

Bnngo,  a  kingdom  of  Japan,  and  one  of 
the  molt  conilderable  in  the  ifland  of  Bungo, 
or  Ximo.  The  capital  is  Fumay.  The 
king  of  Bungo  was  baptized  by  the  name  of 
Francis  Civan,  and  fent  a  lolenm  embafl'y  to 
Pope  Gregory  XIII.  in  the  year  1582.  Long. 
132.  E.     i,^'.  32.40.  N. 

Bungo,  a  province  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Loango. 

^?<w^o;;^cr,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  BengaL 
25  miles  SE.  Kiflienagur. 

^,v;;^;^/i'rt/',atownofBengal.  13  m.E. Toree. 

Bunguncoonda,  a  town  of  Bengal.  33 
miles  WSW.  Pachete. 

Bungurkera,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the 
province  of  Nagpour.     9  miles  S.  Dueia. 


conda.     100  miles  N.  Hydrabad 
Bundlecund,  ^  circar  cf  iiindoollan,  in  the    Lof'.g,  §5.  4-  E»    Lat.  aa.  53.  N. 
Vol.  I.  C  C 


B  U  N 


BUN 


ButmiJI},  a  province  pf  the  Cabuliftan, 
Y.'eil  of  the  Indiis,  watered  by  the  Cowmiill. 

Bunialu,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natolia.     28  miles  W.  Caftamena. 

Bunjarn,  a  town  of  Ilindoollan,  in  Can- 
deifh.     6  miles  S.  Peploud. 

Bunjarata,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  P.Ial- 
■U'a.     l^  miles  S.  Bilfah. 

Bunjnry,  a  town  of  Hindoofi'an,  in  Berar. 
S  miles  N.  Nagpour. 

Bnnitz,  a  town  of  Croatia.  70  miles 
Carllladt,  3c  ¥..  2:eng. 

Bunker' s-H illy  an  eminence  of  United 
America,  in  the  ftate  of  Maliachuletts ;  and 
memorable  for  the  commencement  ot  hoftr- 
lities  between  the  States  and  Great-Britain. 
In  the  evening  of  the  i6rhot  June,  1775,  a 
ftrong  detachment  of  provincials  moved 
from  Cambridee,  and  paffing  filently  over 
Charles-town  Neck,  reached  the  top  of  Bun- 
ker's-hill  unobfervcd.  Ha\ir.g  prev'ioufly 
provided  themfelves  with  entrenching  tools, 
they  irnmcdi  itsly  fct  to  work,  and  threw  up 
an  entrenchment,  reaching  from  th.e  river 
Alvitic  on  the  lefr,  to  a  redoubt  on  their 
right,  both  of  which  they  had  nearly  com- 
pleted by  the  morning,  their  work  being  in 
■  many  places  cannon-proof.  The  Britim 
being  joined  with  a  reinforcement,  they  con- 
iilbed  in  the  whole  of  more  than  2000  men, 
formed  in  two  lines:  they  moved  on  tov/ards 
the  enemy,  with  the  light  infantry  on  the 
right  wing,  commanded  by  General  Ho^^'e, 
and  the  grenadiers  on  the  left,  by  Brigadier- 
General  rigct ;  the  former  to  attack  the 
provincial  lines,  and  the  latter  the  redoubt. 
'i1ie  attack  was  begun  by  a  iharp  cannonade 
from  fome  field-pieces  and  howitzers,  the 
troops  advancing  llowly,  and  haldng  at  in- 
tervals, to  give  time  to  the  artillery  to  pro- 
duce fome  effed;  the  left  wing  in  advancing 
had  to  contend  with  a  body'  of  provincials, 
pofled in  the  houfes  in  Chaiteftown  ;  and  in 
this  conflid  the  town  was  fct  on  fiie,  and 
burned  to  tlie  ground.  The  provincials  upon 
the  hill,  fecure  behind  their  entrenchments, 
referved  their  fire  for  the  near  approach  of 
the  Britilh  troops,  when  a  clofe  and  unre- 
mitting difcharge  of  m.ufquetry  took  place; 
the  piovincials  in  the  woik,  as  foon  as  they 
difcharged  their  pieces,  being  furnifhed  with 
others  ready  loa:led.  So  inceffant  and  fo 
defl:rui5ti\  e  was  this  continued  blaze  of  muf- 
quetry,  that  the  BritiHi  line  recoiled,  and 
gave  \yay  in  feveral  parts.  General  Howe, 
it  is  faid,  was  for  a  tew  feconds  left  neiirly 
alone,  moll  of  the  officers  wdio  were  about 
him  being  elHicr  killed  or  wounded.  '  /!lnd 
it  required  the  utnu)!!:  exertion  in  all  the 
olHcers,  from t lie  general  down  to  the  fubd- 
tcrn,  to  repair  the  cliibrdcr  v.'hich  this  hot 
:ind  uncxpefted  fire  had  produced.  The 
Jols  on  the  (itie  of  the  provincials,  as  efli- 
niatcd  by  themfelves,  WiiS"449>  oi  thcii;  145 


b:ing  killed  or  m.iffing,  and  304  wounded. 
Amongft  the  flain  on  the  fide  of  the  Briufll 
were  Lieut.-Col.  Abercrombie,  and  Majors 
Pitcau'ne  and  Williams,  all  of  tliem  officers 
of  experienced  bravery,  and  diflinguiihcd 
merit,  who  had  fignalized  themleives  on  this . 
frtal  day  in  an  eminent  degree;  as  alfo  did 
Major  Spendlove,  who  died  of  his  wounds 
ibme  days  after.  Amongft  the  provincials 
fome  officers  of  rank  were  alfo  killed  ;  b'Jt 
the  lofs  of  Dr.  Warren,  who  commanded  in 
the  redoubt,  was  moft  lamented. 

Bumiajs,  a  river  of  Hrndooifan,  v/hich 
rifes  near  Andeah,  in  the  circar  of  BiHiih, 
and  joins  the  Heran  after  a  courfe  of  about 
100  miles,  to  form  the  Cane. 

Butuicyaby  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Mal- 
v/a.     15  miles  NE.  Raajegur. 

Biauwo,  or  Bauo-M,  a  townof  Afia,  in  Can- 
dahar,  on  the  Cowmul.  no  miles  ESE. 
Ghizni,  140  SSE.  Cabul. 

Bi'.?inuii^  a  tov/n  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  ,oa 
the  Ebro.     21  miles  Tudella, 

Biaircf,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs 
into  the  Moy,  6  miles  S.  Killalla. 

Banrofs,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs 
into  the  bay  of  Donegal,  8  miles  WSW. 
Ballyfhannon. 

Bimfchoten,  a  town  of  Holland,  in  the 
ffate  of  Utrecht,  near  the  Zuider-Zec.  6 
miles  N.  Amersfert. 

Buiiftcrfa,  a  tov/n  of  Bengal.  45  mile3 
SW.  Burdwan. 

Bunfhigfird,  a  town  of  England,  -in  the 
county  of  Hertford,  with  a  v/eekly  market  on 
Monday,     1 1  m. N.Hertford,  3 1 N.  London. 

Bmitv^al,  a  town  of  Canara.  14  milc-s 
E.  Man  galore. 

Buntn.var,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooflan,  in  Oude^ 
10  miles  E.  Bahraitch. 

Biintzlaii,  a  town  of  SileBa,  in  the  circle 
of  Jaucr,  founded  in  the  year  1190.  The 
houfes  are  chiefly  built  of  flone;  the  Catho- 
lics have  a  church  and  a  convent^  and  the 
Lutherans  have  a  church,  and  a  houfe  of 
orphans.  The  callle  is  in  ruins.  The  chief 
manufadure  is  a  kind  of  brown  pottery,  in 
great reqiicil.  26  miles NW.  Jauer,  4j'W. 
Schweidnitz.  _Z/i5;/^. i5.37'.E.  LsJt.si  13. N. 

Buutzlait,  .Alt.,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Bolellaw,  built  in  the  year  915,  by 
Wratiflau  IK  fltuated  on  the  Elbe,  nearly 
deilroyed  by  the  troubles  of  the  14th  and 
1 5 til  centuries.  8  miles  SSW.  Benatek,  ix 
SSW.  Jung  Buntziau.  Lctig.  15.  o.E.  Lat, 
.50.  22.  N. 

Buntzhvu,  jfu!?^,  or  Mlada  Buk'zLju,  a 
town  of  Bohcmii,  and  capital  of  the  circle  of 
Boleflaw,  built  in  the  year  973,  by  Boleflas 
the  Young,  and  made  a  rovai  town  under 
Rodolphus  11.  28  miles  NNE.  Prague,  5S 
SE.  Dreiden.    Zc7/j.  ic.  E.  I.at.  50.  22.  N. 

BiurMiViiy  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  lieadooa.    4  miles  SW.  Nouny. 


B  U  R 

Biinivoot,  an  ifland  in  the  Eallern  Inriian 
fea,  granted  by  the  Sukaii  of  Mindanao  to 
the  Englilh  Eail-India  Company,  at  the  rc- 
queft  of  Captain  Foreft  in  1775  ;  about  18 
miles  in  circumference.  It  is  covered  with 
tall  timber,  free   from  underwood,   except 


BUR 

BH>-haj;e,:\  town  of  England,  in  Lcicefter- 
fliire,  with  i,ico  inhabitants,  of  whom  ;oo 
are  employed  in  trade  and  manufadures. 
i  miles  SE.  Hinckley. 

Bnrhazzoo,  a  province  of  Bengal,  bounded 
on  the  north  bv  Dacca,  on  the  caft  bv  Booka- 


ibnie  rattans,   and  in  fome  places  a  kind  of    reeah,   and  Caugmahry,  on    the  fouth  by 


creepmg  vine.  The  juice  of  the  latter  is  by 
the  people  of  Mindanao  ufed  as  foap.  The 
animals  are  hogs,  monkeys,  and  guanoes. 
1jO)i<^.  124.  30.  E.     Lat.  7.  12.  N. 

Buon,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Ultra.     7  miles  ENE.  Benevento. 

Buonalberga,  a  town  of  Naj^les,  in  Prin- 
cipato Ultra.     S  miles  NE.  Benevento. 


Attyah,  and  on  the  wcfl  by  Bettooriah, 
about  40  milts  long  and  from  10  to  20 
broad.  Mulichi  and  Belauchy  are  the 
chief  towns, 

Burhurata^  a  fmall  iHand  in  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  near  the  coaft  of  South-America  Bong. 
68.  16.  W.  Lat.  10.  25.  N. 

Burkerfdorff  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 


Buonconvento,  a  town  of  Etruria,  in  the  Si-  territory  of  Neuftadt.  2  miles  NW.  Weyda 

ennefe.    Here  the  emperor  Henry  VII.  while  Bnrda,    a   river   of  Hindoollan,    which 

engaged  in  a  war  with  the  Florentines,  was  runs  into  the  Godavery,  60  m.  E.  Neermul. 

■poifoned,  by  means  of  a  wafer,  adminiiiered  Bnrcklcin,  a   town  of    Germany  in   the 

in  the  facranient  by  a  Dominican  monk,  in  bifhopric  of  Bamberg.  18  m.  SW.  Bamberg, 

the  year  1.^13.     10  miles  SE.  Sienna.        _  Burdak,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 

^«i'/z/'i2/^//^/(;«/i?,  a  town  ofNaples,  in  Prin-  of  Tomani,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  Gam- 


cipato  Citra.     8  miles  N.  Policaftro. 

Buonvlc'nio,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.      II  miles  SE.  Scalea. 

Buoy,  a  fmall  illaud,  near  the  eaft  coaft  of 
JN^ewfoundland. 

Buqmi,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dept. 
of  the  Straits  of  Calais,    5  m.  VV.  Bapaumc. 

Bia-ij,  one  of  the  linaller  Orkney  illands, 
between  Pomona  and  Ronaldlha. 


bia.     Bong.  12.  10.  W  Lat.  12.  36.  N. 

Burdatlk,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia,  on 
the  Jihon.    45  miles  SW.  Bukhara. 

Burda,  a  town  of  Hindooifan,  in  Alla- 
habad.   32  miles  NNW.  Saipour. 

Burdgee,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  Vifi- 
apour.     5  miles  NE.  Huttany. 

Burdijlan,  ?.  mountain  of  Perfia,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Schiras,  on  which  lignals 


^«r^(r,  a  river  or  canal  of  Ah'atic  Turkey,  were  formerly  made  to  give  notice  of  the 

which  extends  from  Ourfa  to  the  Euphrates,  arrival  of  merchants  from  India. 

Barac,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  on  the  Burd/wo,  a  town  of  Hindoolf  an,  in  Bahar. 

Tigris,     45  miles  SE,  AlModain,     _  22m.S.Bahar./,^;;^^.85.44,E.Z.;?/. 24.51.N. 

■  _    Buragrag,  a  river  of  Morocco,  which  runs  Burdivan,  a  province  of  Bengal,  bounded 

into  the  Adantic  at  Salee.  on   the  north  by  Birboom,  on   the  eaft  by 

Buravios,  or  Three  IJlandsy  three  fmall  the  Hoogly,  on  the  fouth  by  the  provinces 

i/lands  00  the  weft  coaft  of  Africa,  at  the  of  Injellee  and  MidnajXJur,  and  on  the  weft 

mouthof  the  Rio  St.  Domingo,  or  Kachao.  by  Midnapour,   B'iTunpour,    and   Pachete. 

_  Burampour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  About  86  m.  long  from  N.  to  S.  and  40  to 

circar  of  Cicacole.     17  miles  SW.  Ganjam,  75  from  E.  to  W.   Burdwan  is  the  capital. 


80  NE.  Cicacole. 

Burampour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bahar.     18  miles  S,  Patna. 

Burano,  one  of  the  Venetian  iflands,  with 
a  town  of  the  fame  name,  in  the  Dogado. 

Buraraage,  a  town  of  Hindo6ftan,  in 
Bahar.     34  miles  N,  Hajypour. 

Burani,  a  town  of  Braiil,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Para.     7  miles  ESE.  Pauxis. 

Burau,  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  miles  S. 
Curruckdeah. 

Bur  ay  a,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
34  miles  NNW.  Bettiah. 

Buraz,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natoiia.     28  miles  SE.  Degnizlu. 


Burd^van,  a  town  of  Bengal,  and  capital 
of  a  province  of  the  fame  name.  50  miles 
NW.  Calcutta,  62  SSW,  Patna,  L'jitg:%-j. 
57,  E.  Lat.  23  15,  N. 

Biiredgiat  ( El,)  a  to\vn  of  Egypt.  10 
miles  W.  Metiuf. 

Bureil,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Caramania.     10  miles  S,  Yurcup. 

Burello,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     9  miles  E.  Nicotcra, 

Buret!,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
fhopric of  Paderburn,  fituated  on  the  Alme. 
It  has  a  handfome  college.  13  miles  SSW. 
Paderburn,    Long.  8.  40.  E.  Lat.  51.  :,6.  N. 

Buren,  a  town  of  Holland,  in  the  dutchv 

/-'..-IJ I !.  .  1        C  ,•      . 


Burbach  a  town  of  Hungary,  celebrated    of  Guelders,  and  capital  of  a  countv,  which 

belonged  to  the  ht)ufe  of  NafTau.  'i?  miles 
N.  Bois-le-duc,  6  SE.  Utrecht.  Long.  $- 
16.  E.  Lat.  51.  54.  N. 

Burcri,  a  town  of  Swifferland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  Berne,  on  the  Aar.  6  m.  SW.  Sol""ure. 

BureSf  a  townfhip  of  England,  in  Suffolk, 


for  its  wine.     8  miles  E.  Eifmftadt 

Burhack,  a  town   of  Swifferland,  in  the 

canton  of  Berne.     18  miles  NNE.  Berne. 
Burhack,    a  town  of  Germany,    in   the 

principality  of  NafTau  Dillenburg.    %  miles 

,XnW.  Dillenburg. 


Cc  , 


BUR 

Oft  the  Stour,  with  a  bridge  acroE;.  It  v;as 
anciently  a  royal  villa,  where  Edmund  was 
crowned,  who  was  afterwards  killed  by  the 
Danes.  It  contains  about  700  inhabitants. 
4  miles  WNW.  Nayland. 

Bures,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine.   13  m.SE.  Dieppe. 

Bur€<way,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore.     8  miles  NE.  Chinna  Balabarum. 

BurforJ,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Oxford,  fituated  on  the  river 
Windrufh,  with  a  weekly  market  on  Satur- 
days ;  long  famous  for  making  faddles. 
Here  is  a  manufafture  for  rugs  and  dufrels. 
A  little  to  the  weft  of  tlie  town,  at  a  place 
called  Battle-Edge,  Ethelbald  king  of 
Mercia,  was  defeated  by  Cuthred  king  of 
the  Weft-Saxons.  In  1649.  the  levellers 
who  affembled  here  were  furprifed  by  Rey- 
nolds, under  the  command  of  Fairfax,  to- 
tally routed,  and  1,400  of  them  made  pri- 
ibners.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants 
was  15 16,  of  whom  699  were  employed  in 
trade  -.nd  manufaftures.  17  miles  NNW. 
Oxford,  71  NW.  London.  Long.  i.  38.  E. 
Lat.  51.  50.  N. 

Burg,  or  Biirgk,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  Vogtland,  with  a  caftle  belonging  to 
the  Count  of  Reiiflen.     4  m.  NW.  Saalburg. 

Burg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Magdeburg.  14  miles  NE.  Magdeburg. 
Long.  la.  4a-  E-  -^^^'  5  2'  i?-  N. 

Burg,  a  town  of  Swiflerland,  in  the  Thur- 
gau,  on  the  Rhine,  oppolite  Stein. 

Burg,  or  Tor-Burg,  a  town  of  Holland, 
in  the  county  of  Zutphin,  on  the  lllel.     7 
miles  SE.  Doeft)urg,  12  SSE.  Zutphen. 
BiLrg  Breitwigeii,  fee  Hcrrin   Brcltmigen. 

Burg,  or  Bourg,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  dutchy  of  Berg.  6  miles  S.  Solingen. 

Burg-Ber>tbehn,  a  tov/n  of  Gernniny,  in 
the  prmcipality  of  Culmbach;  near  it  is  a 
medicinal  fpring.    14  m.  NNW.  Anlpach. 

Burg  Eberach,  Is'c.  fee  Ebarach,  ifjc. 

Burg  Gcinundc,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  principality  of  Upper  Hefle.  14  m. 
SE.  Marburg,  15  E.  Gieflen.  Long.  9.  3. 
E.  Lat.  50.  41.  N. 

Burg-Hamza,  or  Sour,  a  town  of  Algiers, 
in  the  province  of  Titterie;  built  on  the 
ruins  of  a  town  called  Auzia,  fome  of  the 
ancient  fortifications  of  which  are  yet  re- 
maining. ATurkifhgarrifon  is  kept  here.  45 
m.  SSE.  Algiers.  Long.  3 . 5 9 •  E .  Lat.  3  6. 7 . N. 

Burg  Lengenfcld,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
the  principality  of  Neuburg,  on  tlic  Nab. 
15  miles  N.  Ratiflion,  16  S.  Amberg.  Long. 
II.  5.  E.  Lat. /^().  13.  N. 

Burg  Scheldingen,^  a  t6wn  of  Germany, 
in  Thuringia.     3  niiles  SE.  Nebra. 

Burg  Sivaary,  a  fortrcfs  of  Algiers, 
■^ordering  on   Sahara.     40   miks  S.  Medea. 

Burg  Tijjhnjd.'ly,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
country  of  Algiers,  j  6  m;  ESE.  Tagadepropt 


BUR 

Burg  Tivilly,  a  town  of  Algiers,  anciently 
called  Turris  Cxlaris.  28  miles  SSE.  Con- 
ftantina. 

Burg  el  IVed,  a  town  of  Algiers,  in  the 
province  of  Tremecen.  66  m.  W.Tremecen. 
Burgah,  a  town  of  Bengal.     20  miles  SE. 
Ramgur. 

Burgania,  a  town  of  Bengal,  ^i  miles 
NNE.  Puineah. 

Burgara,  a  feaport  of  Hindooftan,  on 
the  coaft  of  Malabar.     3  m.  S.  Cananor. 

Burgas,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Romania,  on  a'bay  of  the  Biack  Sea.  68  m. 
NNE.  Adrianople,  iia  NNW.  Conftanti- 
nople.    Long.  27.  39.  E.  Lat.  42.  31.   N. 

Burgau,  a  town  of  Germany,  with  a 
caftle  in  Auftrian  Swabia,  which  gives  name 
to  a  marquifate,  on  the  Mindel.  In  ii2i> 
it  held  out  a  ficge  againft  the  Emperor, 
Louis  of  Bavaria.  It  now  belongs  to  Bavaria. 
19  miles  NW  Augft>urg.     20  ENE.  Ulm. 

Burgau,  a  tou'n  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Eifenach.     3  miles  S.  Jena. 

Burgaut,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gurry 
Mundla.     45   miles  E.  Mundella. 

Burgdorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Luneburg  Zell,  on  the  Aller. 
14  miles  ENE.  Hanover,  9  S.  Zeil.  Long. 
10.  7.  E.  Lat.  j2.  28.  N, 

Burgdorjf,  a  town  of  Swiflerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne,  and  chief  place  of  a  baili- 
wic.  This  town  was  furrounded  with  walls 
by  Berthold  V.  duke  of  Zaringen.  From 
the  houfe  of  Zaringen  it  came  to  the  Counts 
of  Kyburg,  by  whom,  in  1385,  it  was  fold 
to  the  canton  of  Berne  for  40,000  crowns. 
About  three  miles  from  the  town  is  a  ful- 
phurous  fountain  and  b«ths,  faid  to  be  be- 
neficial in  paralytic  and  nervous  complaints, 
9  miles  NE.  Berne,  12  SSE.  Soleure.  Xis;/^'-. 
7.  28.  E.  Lat.  47.  3.  N. 

Burge,  a  town  of  Virginia,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Rappahanock.  Long.  76.  36.. 
W.  Z^if.  37.  46.  N. 

Burgein,  a  town  of  Egypt.  15  miles  N. 
Alhmunein. 

Burgel,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Weimar,  on  the  Saal.  15  miles 
EoE.Weimar.  Zc;.'^.ii.4  4.E.Zr?/.50  55.N, 

Burgel,  fee  Ma^rk  Burgel. 

Burgeo,  an  ifland  near  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Newfoundland.  66  miles  NW.  Miquelon, 
Long.  sj.  30.  W.   Lat.  47.  20.  N. 

Burg/.',  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Lincoln,  near  the  fea  coaft,  witli  a  weekly 
market  on  Thurfday.  5  miles  NW.  Wain- 
fleet,  127  N.  London.  Lcng.  o.  15.  E. 
Lat.  S3.  12.  N. 

.  B:irgh  Head,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on  the 
coaif  of  Murray.  Near  it  is  a  Imall  town  or 
village,  witii  about  400  inhabitants,  lituated 
on  a  fine  bay,  which  is  one  of  tlic  beft  road- 
fteds  on  the  coaft  north  of  Leith,  and 
plight  eafily  be  made  a  good  liajbour.    S 


BUR 


BUR 


miiles  NE.  Forres.    Long.  3.  24.  W.  Z^/. 
57.  41.  N. 

Burgh  upoti  Sa/.'Jf,  a  village  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  once  :i  Ko- 
inanftation  Here  died  tlu  brave  Edward  J. 
king  of  England,  and  a  handfonie  pillar 
has  been  erected  to  his  memory  on  the  fpot. 
5  miles  NW.  Carlille. 

Burgha  in,  or  BurgkrauJ!^  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  bidiopric  of  Fulda,  on  the  Hann, 
with  tu'ochurche?,  one  For  Roman  Catholics, 
and  the  other  for  Lutherans.  8  miles  NNE. 
Fulda,  38  E.  Marburg.  Long.  9. 43.  E.  Lat. 
50.  42.  N. 

Buvghaufen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 

principality  of  Wurzburg.  3  ni.N.  Arnflein. 

BurgholzhauJl-7i,  a  to  wn  of  Germany,  in  the 

county  of  Hanau  Munzenburg.    10  miles  N. 

Franckfort  on  the  Maine. 

Burgkraiii,  a  caflle  of  Germany,  in  the 
bilhopric  of  Freylingcn.  1 6  m.  SE .  Frey  fingen. 
Btcrglen,  a  town  of  Swifl'erland,    in  the 
canton  of  Zurich.     14  miles  E.  Zurich. 

Burglen,  a   town  of  Suiflerland,  in   the 
Thurgau.     4  miles  NNVW  St.  Gal. 
Burgo  d'Of}na,  fee  Borgo  D'Ofiita. 
Bur  gong,  a  town  of  Bengal.     18  miles 
S.  Pachete. 

Burgos,  a  large  and  rich  city  of  Spain, 
and  capital  of  Old  Caftile,  fituated  on  the 
Alarcon,  the  fee  of  an  archbifliop,  ereftcd 
in  1574.  The  cathedra!  is  one  o'i  the  moil: 
beautiful  and  befl  preferved  Gothic  ftrudures 
in  Spain.  143  miles  N.  Toledo,  112  N. 
Madrid.  Long.  3.  38.  W.  Lat.  40.  17.  N. 
Burgstadt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
lordfhip  of  Schonberg.  3  miles  E.  Penig. 
Burgital,  a  town  of  Auflria.  la  miles 
SE.  Ips. 

Burgstorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifhopric  of  Hildefheim.  a  m.  N.  Schladen. 
_  B urgti: an, -Alow n  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Anfpach.  12  m.  E.  Schwabach. 
Burgu,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  principal 
place  of  a  dilbift,  in  the  Lybian  defert. 
This  diftria  is  called  Berdoa,  by  DeliQe 
andD'Anville.  210  miles  S.  Kng^h.  Lo?ig. 
22.  36.  E.  Lat.  25.  50.  N. 

Burguetta,  or  Elburquetia,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Navarre,  in  the  valley  of  Ron- 
9eval,  where  the  rear  guard  of  Charlemagne, 
on  his  return  to  Spain,  was  defeated  by  the 
Saracens,  and  Roland  his  nephew  llain,  in 
the  year  778.  15  miles  S.  St.  Jean  Pie  de 
Port,  24  ENE.  Pampcluna. 

Burgu'i,  a  town   of  Spain,    in   Navarre, 
fituated  on  the  Efca,  in  the  valley  of  Roncal. 
Burgu'i  Her,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalufia. 
9  rniles  Seville. 

Burgundy,  before  the  revolution,  a  very 
ccniderable  province  of  France,  including 
Bre Tj,  Bugey,  and  Gex,  near  150  miles 
in  length,  and  more  than  9c  broad:  bor- 
dered on  the  eait  by  Franch>Comtc,  on  the 


fbuth  by  Lyonnois,  on  the  weft  by  Bourbon* 
nois  and  Nivernois,  and  on  the  north  by 
Champagne.  The  Dijonois,  Auxerrois, 
Auxois,  Autunois,  Charolois,  Briennois, 
Chaionois,  andMaconois,' 'which  take' their 
names  from  the  feveral  towns,  are  included 
in  this  province.  Dijon  was  the  capital.  It 
is  very  fertile,  and  the  wines  arc  much  ef- 
tcemed;  the  principal  rivers  which  run 
through  it  aretheSaonc,  the  Seine,  the  Loire, 
the  Armangon,  the  Ouche,  the  Arroux,  and 
the  Doux.  It  now  forms  the  departments  of 
the  Aube,  the  Cote  d'Or,  the  Saone  and 
Loire,  and  the  Yonne. 

Burgur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  OriiTa. 
20  miles  W.  Sumbulpour. 

Burgujhalt,  a  town  of  Perfian  Armenia. 
40  miles  SE.  Kanjan. 

Biirhai,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
6  miles  SSE.  Manickpoilr. 

Burhalia,  a  town  of  Syria,  in  the  pachalic 
of  Damafcus.     ic  miles  NW.  Damafbus. 

Burkampoiir,  a  fort  of  Bengal.  10  miles 
S.  Moorfliedabad.     85  miles  N.  Calcutta. 

Bun':anpour,  a  city  of  Hindooftan,  and 
capital  of  the  Candeifli  country.  It  is  a 
large  citv,  built  on  very  uneven  ground; 
the  houfes  of  earth  covered  with  vamifhed 
tiles.  Tiie  walls  of  the  caftle  are  very  lofty, 
with  batdements  and  large  round  towers  at 
intervals.  The  river Taptee  wafhesthe  walls, 
but  the  water  being  brackilh,  the  inhabitants 
areliipplicdfromalargebafonintheMeydan. 
It  has  a  confiderable  trade  in  fme  cottons, 
whiteand  painted,  plain  and  mixed  with  gold 
and  filver,  for  veils,  fliawls,  handkerchiefs, 
&c.  100  m.  N.  Aurungabad,  45a  S.  Delhi, 
Long.  'j6.  20.  E.  Lat.  21.  22.  N. 

Burkar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude, 
on  the  Dewah.     27  miles  S.  Gooracpoiii-, 

Burhurva,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.     15  miles  S.  Bettiah. 

Bnri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  6  miles 
S.  Udina. 

B Uriah,  a  river  of  Hindooftan,  which  runs 
into  the  Jumnah.     20  miles  S.  Delhi. 

Buriaiio,  a  town  of  Etruria,  in  the  ter- 
ritory of  Sienna,  near  the  lake  of  Caftigleno, 
16  miles  S.  Montieri. 

Bur'ias,  one  of  the  Philippine  Iflands,  in 
the  Eaifern  Indian  fea,  about  40  miles  in 
length,  from  north-weli  to  fouth-eaft,  and 
from  3  to  10  broad.  Long.  iz'z.  43  to  123. 
12.  E.  Lat.  12.  4(')  to  13.  16.  N. 

Burkh,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  marg- 
gravate  of  Baden  Durlach.  5  miles  from 
Philipfburg. 

Burich,  or  Buderick,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  dutchy  of  Cleves,  fituated  on  the 
Rhine.  Remarkable  for  a  viclorv,  which 
the  troops  of  the  emperor  Otho  the  Great 
obtained  over  the  Lorrainers.  It  was  taken 
by  the  French,  in  1672,  who  dcftroyed  the 
fortifications.     18  miles  E.  Ckycs. 


feUR 

B:!r!i<,  a  to  '/n  on  the  fo'Jth-eafl:  coafl:  of 
the  iflaiiQ  ot  Timor.  Lottg.  126.  a.  E. 
Lat   8."5.c.  S. 

Burk,  a  county  of  Georgia  ;  Waynefbo- 
rou,!a;h  and  Louifville  are  the  chief  towns. 
Btirk'j  Canal,  an  inlet  on  the  weft  coafc 
of  North-America,  examined  by  Captain 
Vancouver's  company  in  1793.  The  en- 
trance is  between  the  coniinent  of  New-Ha- 
nover, and  the  fouth  part  of  King's  ifland. 
Long.' -ill.  10.  E.  l^at.  51.  57.  N. 

Burkif,  or  Varaquc,  a  feaport  of  Arabia, 
jn  the  province  of  Oman,  on  the  eaft  coaft; 
it  is  the  refiQ,ence  of  the  Imam  of  Mafcat, 
and  well  fortified.  Limes  arc  always  to  be 
had  by  feamen,  and  in  ibmmer  months,  fruits 
and  vegetables  are  plentiful;  cattle,  Iheep, 
and  fowls,  are  good;  and  the  inhabitants 
are  well  fbpplied  Avith  excellent  lilh,  on 
-which  they  chiefly  live.  40  miles  NW. 
Mafcat.     L^/.  23.48.  N. 

Bnrkee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,inthecircar 
of  Gohud.     25  miles  N.  Narwa- 

Burkcn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
electorate  of  Mentz.  27  m.  E.  Heidelberg, 
16  NNE.  Hcilbron. 

Burkcrfdorf,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Erzgeburg.  4  niiles  S.  Zwickau. 
BiLrkbaufen,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  built  on 
,  the  Salza,  capital  of  a  regency;  with  a  llrong 
caillc,  litv.atcd  on  a  hill,  and  four  churches. 
26  miles  NNW.  Salzburg,  52  E.  Munich. 
Long.  12   46.  E.  Lat    48.  7.  N. 

Burkhehii,    or  Burken,  a  town   of  Ger- 
many, in  the  Brifgaw.     5  miles  N.  Brilach. 
Burkhehn,  or  Purkhehn,  a  town   of  Ba- 
varia,  in    the  principality  of  Neuburg.     7 
miles  WSW.  Neuburg 

B'urkerjtorf,  a  town  of  Auflria.  S  miles 
<W.  Vienna. 

Burkull,  a  town  of  Hindooffan,  in  the 
Candeilh.     70  miles  N.  Burhanpour. 

B-irkurT-)'-,-  ?^  town  of  Bengal.  36  miles 
ESE.  Dacca. 

Burk'rta,  a  town  of  Bengal,  15  miles  S. 
Curruckcieah. 

Burials,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tarn.  4  miles  E.  Caflres,  16 
W.  la  Caune. 

Buriaiv,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Cour- 
land.     6  miles  S.  I-ibau. 
Burlefdon,  fee  Burjlcdon. 
Burhj  on  the  Hill,  a  village  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Rutland.     Here  was  a  caille 
or   maniion-houfe,    which   in   the   reign  of 
Richard  II.  belonged    to  Spenfer  the  war- 
like biihop  of  Noi  wich.     It  afterwards  be- 
loMjK'd  to  George  Villars  duke  of  Bucking- 
liani;   who  hert  entertained  King  James  I. 
•with  Ben  Johnfon's  malcjue  of  the  gipiles. 
it  was  burned  down  by  the  parliament  troops 
Jn  the  civil  wars,  and  re-built  by  Daniel  carl 
of  Nottingham.     3  miles  NNE.  Okcham. 
linrlingtoii^  o\'Bridii:-0oi:,  -4  icapoit  tov^'n 


BUR 

ofEngland  in  the  county  of  York,  fituatetl 
in  a  bay  of  the  German  fea,  which  affords 
a  good  harbour  to  vefTels  in  Irrong  gales 
which  blow  from  NNW.  and  NE.  The 
quay,  chiefly  frequented  by  colliers,  is  about 
a  mile  from  the  town.  It  has  a  market  on 
Saturday.  A  priory  of  black  canons  was 
founded  here  as  early  as  the  reign  of  Henry  I. 
John  de  Bridlington,  who  wrote  of  the  ca- 
lamities and  events  of  England,  was  a  native 
of  this  town.  26  miles  N.  Beverley,  nearly 
in  the  meridian  of  London.  Lat.  54.  7.  N* 
Burlington,  a  town  of  New  Jeriey,  ex- 
tendingabout  three  milesalongthe  Delaware* 
and  one  mile  back  into  the  county  to  which 
it  gives  name ;  the  Delaware  is  here  a  mile 
wide.  It  is  a  free  port,  and  has  a  mayor 
and  court  of  aldermen.  There  is  a  church 
for  Epiicopalians,  and  a  place  of  worfliip  for 
Quakers.  This  town  was  firfl  fettled  in  x  6  7  7. 
15  m.  NE.  Philadelphia,  55  SSE.  New- 
York.    Long.  73.  54.  W.  Lat.  40.  5,  N. 

Burlington,  a  county  of  United  America, 
in  the  ftate  of  New  Jerfey.  Burlington  and 
Bordentown  are  the  principal  places.    . 

Burlo,  a  town  of  German  v,  in  the  bifiiop- 
ric  of  Munller.     4   miles  NN"\V.  Borchen, 

Burmuh,  or  Bir}Jiah,  fee  /Iva. 
■  Burmec,    a  town  cf  Bengal.     16  miles 
SSW.  Curruckdeah. 

Burners  JJland,  an  ifland  in  the  Frozen 
Ocean,  near  the  north-eaft  coafl  of  Ruilia, 
about  4  miles  in  circumference;  fo  named  by 
Capt.Cook.  Lovg.i.'iz.'T.o.  E.  Lat.  67.45.N. 
Burnham,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Eflex,  on  the  north  iide  of  the 
river  Crouch;  famous  for  its  oyll:ers.  10 
miles  SE.  Maiden. 

Burnhani-Market,  a  feaport  town  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  with  a  good 
harbour,  and  conliderable  trade  in  corn. 
34  miles  NW  Norwich,  136  NNE.  London. 
^Long.  o.  48.  E.-  Lat.  53.  4.  N._ 

Burnley,  a  town  of  England,  inthecounty  • 
of  Lancaifcr,  near  a  navigable  canal  from 
Leeds  to  Liverpool.  Here  are  manufactures 
of  woollen  and  cotton,  with  printing-houfes, 
dving-houfes,  mills,  &:c.  In  iSoi,  the  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  was  3305,  of  whom  938 
were  employed.  26  miles  N.  Mancheller, 
207  NNW.  London.  Long,  2.  17.  W. 
Lat.  56.  10.  N. 

Burnt Ijland,  an  iOand  in  Chrillmas Sound, 
at  the  fouthern  extremity  of  South-America. 
Bnrnt'Jland,  or  B run: /land,  a  town  of 
Scotland,  in  the  county  of  Fife,  and  a  royal 
borough,  (ituatcd  on  the  north  lldc  of  tira 
Frith  of  Forth,  formerly  a  place  of  great 
trade;  the  harbour  is  good,  deej^,  and  large. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  is  about  i,ico. 
y  miles  E.  Dunrlerline. 

Burnt  Ijlai-d,  a  linall  ifland,  near  the 
fouth  coafl  oi' Newfoundland.  15  m.  FvSE, 
Cape  Ray.i/i>;/^.  58.50.  W.  Lcrt.n^T.  3c-  N» 


BUR 


BUR 


^z^r;;/ //7^«^j-,  a  ciufter  of  i/lands  in  the  rocky,   well     covered   with    trees,    chicfiy 

Indian  Sea,  WNW.  from  Goa.     Long.  7j.  pines.     On  tlie  north  fide  there  appeared  a 

30.  E.  Lat.  15.  50.  N.  Ihowy    rugged   barrier,    uhich    roll-   very 

i/«ra/ //'A?//i,  a  liriallifland  in  the  Atlantic,  abruptly,  and  rvas  only  protciled  from  tlie 

Bear  the  coalt  of  Main.   Lorn:.  GZ.  16.  VV.  waves  of  the  fea  by  a  very  narrow  border 


I^nt.  44.  9.  N. 

Burnt  I/UinJ,  fee  PoUiw. 

Burnt  JjbnJ,  fee  Blanche  IJland. 

Burntivood,  fee  Brentivood. 

Burnuggc'r,   a   town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Bengal.     20  miles  NVV.  Goragot. 

B urodij, :itQv:n  of Ilindoollan, in Candcifli. 
15  miles  jE.  Burhanpour. 
.    Buronz'-.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  theSefia.    \z  miles  N\V.  Vercelli. 

Buroiv,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Anhalt  Zerbll.    3  m.  \\\  Cofwick. 

Bur  pally,  a  town  of  Hindooif  an,  in  OrilFa. 
10  miles  V/.  Sumbulpour. 

B'u-puilda,     a   town   of  Hindooflan,  in 
Oriifa.     7  miles  NNE.  ILuriopour 


of  low  land.  I'hc  entrance  from  Port  Gray 
to  Port  Atkinibn,  is  about  three  miles  wide 
Long.  237.  6.  E.  Lat.  /15).  20.  N. 

Burrcifat,  a  town  ot  Ucngal.  i?  miJct 
NE.  Nuldingah. 

Burrafcral,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  ia 
Candcilh.     17  miles  NE.  Burrawnay. 

Bi'.rn^Jhegtp;  a  town  of  Bengal,  ij  rn, 
ESE.  Kiihenagur. 

Burra-wiiy  G^7ut,  a  mountain  of  Hindoo- 
Rau,  in  Bahar.     22  miles  WSW.  Saferam. 

Biirrnwvey,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Candeifh.  45  miles  NE.  Burhanpour.  Zc;7f, 
76.50.  E.  Z/i?/.  21.  54.  N. 

Burray,  one  of  the  Orkney  ifiands,  about 
four  miles   long,  and    one   broad,  with   a 


Burr.,  a  fmall  illand  in  the  Irilh  fea,  near    tonc^ue  of  land  projeifting  towards  the  nortli- 


the  coaft  of  the  county  of  Down.     12  mile 
S.   Donaghadee.     Lqw/.  5.  21.  W.    L>il. 
54.  28.  N. 

Burra,  a  large  and  fertile  mountain  of 
Arabia,  near  Homran. 

Burrahooin,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Midnapour.  65  miles  N\V.  Mid- 
n.ipour.     Lat.  23.  5.  N.  Long.  86.  30.  E. 

-S/.'/-;-^?.'//;-^;^,  a  town  of  Bengal.  35  miles 
JiSE.  Dinagepour. 

Burradirgu,  a  tov/a  of  Bengal,  in  the 
province  of  Bajoohow.  7  miles  WSW.  Ja- 
lalgunge.   Long.  88.  34. E.  I^at.z^.  26.  N. 

Burragong,  a  town  of  Hindoortan,  ixx 
Dude.     15  miles  SW-  Fyzabad. 

Biirragungi,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Oude.     20  miles  S.  Baj-aitch. 

B.crragur,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cicacole.     38  miles  W.  Ganjam. 

Burrah,  a  tov.'n  of  Bengal.  52  miles 
NW.  Ramgur, 

Burrakecra,    a  tov/n  of  Hindooftaii,   in 
Berar.     6  miles  W.  Akoat. 
^    Burrajnpooti'r,  a  river  of  Afia,  which  rifes 
in  Thibet,   not  far  from  the  fource  of  tlic 


weft;  containing  about  320  inhabitants.  It 
lies  between  Pomona  and  South  Ronaldfay. 
Long.  2.  47-  W.     Lat.  68.  44.  N. 

Burnif,  one  of  the  Shetland  ifiands,  about 
10  miles  long,  but  narrow.  Long.  1.39.W". 
Lat.  60.  5.  N. 

Burree,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Alla- 
habad.    8  miles  SS  v7.  Corah. 

Burrlage,  fee  Bakrahch. 

Biu-riana,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Valencia,  near  the  fea.  30  miles 
N.  Valencia. 

Burriapour,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Bahar.     33  miles  SVr.  Avrah. 

B:crri:l,  fee  Borriol. 

Bnrrofig,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
7  miles  N.  Saferam. 

Burronkutty,  a  town  of  Bengal.  39  miles 
E.  Calcutta. 

Burrough's  Bay,  a  hay  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  North-America,  inBehni's  canaL  L:ng» 
228.  54.  E.  Lat,  r,^.  t,^.  N. 

Burr)''jj,  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Leicefter ;  near  it,  on  an  eminence, 
is  an  ancient  entrenchment.   Camden  places 


Ganges,   and    takes   an   eafterly   direc^ticri  here  the  ancient  Vernometum ;  Mr.  Nichoi 

through  Thibet  almoft  as  far  as  China  ;  i;  fuppofcs  it  to  have  been  a  Roman  Italiou, 

then  joins  the  Ganges,  about  40  miles  from  but  not  Vernometum. 

its  mouth.                             ,  Burro^ivk-ad,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coad 

Burran.'pour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  pf  Scotland. /,</«£■. 4. 26.  Vv. /yf//.  54.  46. N. 

the  ciicar  of  Cicacole.  15  m.  SW.  Ganjam.  Jhcrroivbridge,  fee  Borougkbrldge. 

Burrapahng,  a  tov/n  of  Bengal.     6j  :n,  Burro'-iX'ftomiefs,  fee  Borroiujhnnefs. 


S.  lllamabad. 

Burrapcur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oade.     13  m.  NE.  Fyzabad. 

Burrapungah,  one  of  the  branches  of  the 
river  Ganges,  which  runs  into  the  bay  of 
Bengal,  I^ong.  89.  31.  E.  Lat.  21.  43.  N. 

Burrard's  Canal,  an  inlet  of  the  gulf  of 
Georgia,on  the  welt  coaft  ofNorthrAmcriea, 
within  itilpint  Gray.    The  r.iores  on  the  fouth 


Burrua,  ^  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Hoogly.     10  rn.  S.  Coffimbazar. 

Burruntur,  a  town  o£  Bengal.  75  miles 
NNE.  Dacca. 

Burrutpoiir,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Futtaling.  xc  m.  S.  Moorfhcdabad. 

Biirrye,  or  Ijclly  a  town  of  Bengal.  %$  iT>. 
NNE.  Calcutta. 

Bur/a,  or  Bri'fa^  a  town  of  Afiatic  Tur- 


iAi  are  of  fijoderate  iieight,  and  though    key,  and  one  oi  the   jaoft  beautiful  ^i  *bc 


E  U  S 


B  U  S 


BrilJl-t,  a  town  of  France,  in' the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aliier.     5  miles  SE.CufTet. 

Buffettoy  a  town  of  Italy,  and  capital  of  a 
Imail  diftri<5l,  in  the  dutchy  oFPiacenza.  8 
miles  SE.  Crtmona,  17  E.  Piacenza. 

BiiJJi,  Bnjjiijiy  or  Bo ijuj/i^sxi  idand  on  the 
cojft  of  Africa,  near  BiiTao.  Laf.  11.  45.  N. 

BuJJicre-Badel,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Dordogne.  8  miles  N. 
Nontron. 

Bn/Jltrc-Gcilancle,  a  town  of  France,  in 
tb-t  department  of  the  Upper  Yienne.  15 
miles  ^W.  Limoges. 

Bi'.Jfiere  Poitcvine,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Upper  Vienne.  10 
miles  NW.  Bellac. 

Bajicres,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Marne.  ij  miles  SE. 
Langres. 

Buljitah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
20  miles  NE.  Gooracpour. 

Bnjjhlini  -A.  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
pa?  tment  of  the  Po,  on  the  Doria.  3  miles 
S.  Safa. 

Bt[^jo,  a  town  of  Ilindooftaxn,  in  Allaha- 
bad.    20  miles  W.  Jionpour. 

Br'ffbviitz-,  a  town  of  Bofuia.  20  miles  S. 
Sera  jo. 

BiijTutidar,  a  town  of  Kemaoon.  aoo 
miles  ENE.  Delhi.  Lojjg.  So.  42.  E.  Lat. 
29.47- N. 

Biejfiinfy)iir,  a  town  of  Hindooflan.  80 
leaifes  SW.  iVilahabad. 

Bri[fu?!t,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Bahar. 
22  miles  N.  Hajypour.  Long.  85.  17.  E. 
Lat,  26.  2.N. 

Bnjfy  k  Grand,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Cote  d'Or.  12  miles 
IsE.  Semur  en  Auxois. 

Btijt,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North  fea,  near 
the  coail:  of  Lapland.     Lat.  66.  40.  N. 

Bvjlar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  OrilTa. 
cj  miles  E.  Harriopour. 

Bnjlard  Bay,  a  bay  en  the  eafl  coafl:  of 
Incw  Holland,  difcovered  by  Captain  Cook 
in  the  year  1770.  He  fays,  "  We  landed  a 
little  within  the  fouth  point  of  the  bay, 
wh.ere  we  found  a  channel  leading  into  a 
large  lagoom.  This  channel  I  proceeded  to 
examine,  and  found  three  fathom  water  till 
I  trot  about  a  mile  up  it,  where  I  m.ct  with  a 
ihoal,  upon  which  there  was  little  mori.  than 
one  firiiom:  but  having  pafTed  over  it,  I  had 
thice  fathom  again.  The  entrance  of  tiiis 
channel  lies  clofe  tothtfouth  pointof  thu  bay, 
bting  formed  by  the  fliore  on  the  ealf,  and 
on  the  weil  by  a  large  fpit  of  fand-^  it  is 
about  a  Vjuarter  of  a  mile  broad,  and  lies  in 
fouth  by  weft.  In  this  place  there  is  room 
iC;  a  few  Ihips  to  lie  in  great  fecurity,  and 
fi  fmall  ftream  of  freih  wdter;  1  would  have 
rowed  into  the  lagoon,  but  was  prevented 
by  (hallows.  We  found  feveral  bogs  and 
Iv.iunps  of  fait  water,  upon  which,  and  by 


the  fides  of  the  lagoon,  grows  the  tme" 
mangrove,  fuch  as  is  found  in  the  Wefl- 
Indies,  and  the  firfl  of  the  kind  we  had  met 
with.  In  the  branches  of  thefe  mangroves 
there  were  many  nefts  of  a  remarkable  kin^ 
of  ant,  that  was  rs  green  as  grafs ;  when  the 
branches  were  difturbed,  they  came  cut  in 
great  numbers,  and  puniihed  thT  offender 
by  a  much  fliarper  bite  than  ever  we  had  felt 
from  the  fame  kind  of  animal  before.  Upon 
thefe  mangroves  alfo  we  faw  fmall  green 
caterpillars  in  great  numbers;  their  bodies 
were  thick  fet  with  hairs,  and  they  were 
ranged  upon  the  leaves  fide  by  fide,  like  a 
file  of  foldiers,  to  the  number  of  twenty  or 
thirty  together:  when  we  touched  them  we 
found  that  the  hair  on  their  bodies  had  the 
quality  of  a  netde,  and  gave  us  a  much  more 
acute,  though  lefs  durable,  pain.  The  coun- 
try here  is  manifellly  worle  than  about  Bo- 
tany-bay: the  foil  is  dry  and  fandy,  but  the 
fides  of  the  hills  are  covered  with  trees,  which 
grow  feparately,  without  underwood.  We 
found  here  a  tree  that  yields  gum  like  the 
sanguis  draconis;  but  it  is  fomewhat  diifer- 
ent  from  the  trees  of  the  fame  kind  which 
we  had  leen  before,  for  the  leaves  were 
longer,  and  hang  down  like  ihoi't  of  the 
weeping-willow.  We  found  alfo  much  lefs 
gum  upon  them,  which  is  contrary  to  the 
effabliflied  opinion,  that  the  hotter  the  cli- 
mate  the  more  gums  exude.  Upon  a  plant 
that  yielded  alio  a  ycllov/  gum  there  was 
kf's  than  upon  the  fame  kind  of  plant  in  Bo- 
tany-bay. Among  the  flioals  asd  fand-banks 
we  faw  many  large  birds,  fome  in  particular 
of  the  fame  kind  that  we  had  feen  in  Botany- 
bay,  nmch  bigger  than  fwans,  which  we 
judged  to  be  pelicans;  but  they  were  fo  fhy 
that  we  could  not  get  within  gun-fliot  01 
them.  Upon  the  fhore  we  faw  a  fpecics  of 
the  buftard,  one  of  which  we  fhot;  it  was 
as  large  as  a  turkey,  and  weighed  feventeen 
pounds  and  a  half.  We  all  agreed  that  this 
was  the  befl  bird  we  had  eaten  lince  we  left 
England,  and  in  honour  of  it  we  called  this 
inlet  iiuftard-bay.  The  fea  feemed  to  abound 
with  iifh;  but  we  tore  our  feine  all  to  pieces 
at  the  firfl  haul.  Upon  the  mud  banks  under 
the  mangroves  wc  found  innumerable  oyllers 
of  various  kinds,  among  others  the  hammer- 
oyffer,  and  a  large  proportion  of  fmall  pearl- 
oyfters;  ifin  deeperwater  there  is  equal  plenty 
of  fuch  oyfters  at  their  full  growth,  a  pearl- 
filhery  might  certainly  be  eftabliflicd  here  to 
very  great  advantage.  'I'hn;  people  who 
were  kit  on  board  the  fhip  faid,  that  while 
we  were  in  the  woods,  about  twenty  of  the 
natives  came  down  to  the  beach  abreatt  of 
her,  and,  having -looked  at  her  fome  time, 
went  away ;  but  we  that  Vv^erc  alhore,  though 
we  faw  fmoke  in  many  places,  law  no  peo- 
ple: the  iVnoke  was  at  places  too  diflant  for 
U3  t(i  get  to  them  by  land,  except  one,  la 


B  U  T 

which  we  repaired  ;  v/e  found  ten  fmall  fires 
llill  burning  witliin  a  few  paces  oi  c;ich 
other;  but  the  people  were  cone.  We  faw 
hear  them  feveral  vciTels  of  bark,  which  we 
fuppoied  to  have  contained  water,  and  fome 
(hells  and  fi(h-bones,  the  remains  of  a  recent 
meal.  We  faw  alfo,  lying  upon  the  ground, 
fevera!  pieces  of  foft  bark,  about  the  length 
and  breadth  of  a  man,  which  we  imagined 
might  be  their  beds  ;  and  on  the  windward 
tide  of  the  fires  a  fmall  fhed,  about  a  foot 
and  a  half  highj  of  the  fame  fubftance.  The 
whole  was  in  a  tliicket  of  clofe  trees,  which 
afforded  good  fhclter  from  the  wind.  The 
place  leemed  to  be  much  trodden,  and  as 
we  faw  no  houfes,  nor  any  remains  of  a 
houfe,  we  were  inclined  to  believe,  that  as 
thefe  people  had  no  clothes,  they  Jiad  no 
dwelhng ;  but  fpent  their  nights  among  the 
other  commoneis  of  nature  in  the  open  air. 
I  meafured  the  peipendicular  height  of  the 
lafc  tide,  and  found  it  to  be  eight  feet  above 
low  water  mark;  and  from  the  time  of  low 
water  this  day,  I  found  that  it  mufl  be  high 
water  at  the  full  and  change  of  the  moon  at 
8  o'clock.    Long.  208. 18.  W.  Lat.%is,.  e,,  S. 

Btijlard  River,  a  river  of  Canada,  which 
runs  into  the  river  St.  Laurence,  7  miles  W. 
Manicougan  Point. 

Bujh'c,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
30  miles  W~.  Gooracpour. 

Bujlereh,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Ca- 
ramania.  34  m.S.Kaifarieh,  130  SE.  Konieh. 

Biifiia,  a  town  of  Albania,  jz  miles 
WSW.  DelCno. 

Bullion,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  of  Lariflan,  near  the  gulf.  60  m.SE.Lar. 

Bujlo  Grande,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Olona.    16  m.  NW.  Milan. 

Bvfiilgiiw,  a  fettlement  of  Sfoeria,  on  the 
Indigirda.     288  miles  NNE.  Zafchiverlk. 

Biifavi,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Ardiibeitzan. 
12  miles  S.  Ardcbil. 

Bujza,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
ofBraclaw.     52  miles  SW.  Braclaw. 

Bufzedui,  a.  town  of  Walachia.  75  miles 
ME.  i3uchareff. 

Bntang,  -i.  town  on  the  north  coafl  of  the 
iflandof  Java.  Lor!g.xc().^i.E.  /.a/.  6.46. S. 

Butcher's  Ijland,  a  fmall  iflandncar  the  W. 
coaif  of  Hindooitan  ;  about  6  m.  fr.  Bombay. 

Butafzany,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Moldavia.  -42  miles  NNW,  JafTy,  68  S. 
Choczim.     Long.  27.  3.  E.  Lat.  47.  44.  N. 

Bute,  a  county  of  Scotland,  formed  of  tvv'o 
iflands,  Arran  and  Bute,  and  a  few  fmallei", 
(ituated  ;'t  the  frith  of  Clyde,  fouth  of  the 
county  of  Argyle,  and  wefl  of  that  of  Ayr. 

Bute,  an  ifland  of  Scotland,  fituated  in  the 
frith  of  Clyde,  and  forming,- with  An  an,  a 
county,  to  which  it  gives  name;  about  iz 
miles  long  from  north  to  fouth,  and  5  broad 
from  eafl  to  wefl,  feparated  from  tiie  countv 
of  .\rgyle  by  a  nai  ro'.y  channel,  and  the  fame 


BUT. 

from  tlic  ifle  of  Arran.  The  northern  pnrts 
are  mountainous,  but  yield  good  paflure;  the 
reft  of  the  illand  bears  corn.  The  air  is 
healthy,  and  the  inhabitants  generally  live 
long.  There  is  a  conliderable  fiihery  on  the 
coali;  and  in  the  mountains  are  found  quar- 
ries of  good  ftone,  fullers-earth,  andcryflal. 
There  are  five  churches  in  the  ifland,  and 
feveralfifliing  villages;  die  chief  place  is 
Rothefay.  In  i8oi,thenumber  of  inhabitants 
w;»s  7000.  Long.^,  ^o.W.  Lat.^s.  48.'N. 

Bute,  a  town  of  South-Carolina.  36  miles 
W.  Halifax. 

Bute's  Canril,  an  inlet  on  the  wefl  coafl 
of  North-America,  in  the  gulf  of  Georgia, 
where  Captain  Vancouver  found  a  village 
fituated  on  the  face  of  a  fleep  rock,  contain- 
ing about  150  Indians.  Long,  of  the  village 
%i$.  8.  E.  Lat.  50.  24.  N. 

Ihitera,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of 
Mazara.     15  miles  ENE.  Alicata. 

Buti,  a  town  of  Etruria,  on  the  Arno.  2* 
miles  NNE.  Leghorn. 

Buti,  a  river  of  CircafTia,  which  runs  into 
the  Cuban,  30  miles  E.  Taman. 

Butlafs,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guze- 
rat.     4  miles  SW.  Buddakano. 

Butler's  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  north  fide  of 
an  ifland,  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  linall, 
and  furrounded  with  rocks.  Lo?ig.  74.9.  W. 

Lat.  ST^.^S-^' 

Butler's  Key,  a  fmall  ifland,  in  the  SpaniHi 
Main,  near  the  Mofquito  fhore.  Long.  82. 
W.  Lat.  15.  a  N. 

Butlingen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Luneburg,  on  tlie  Netze.  9 
miles  NNW.  Luneburg. 

Butoiv,  a  town  of  Farther  Pon-ierania. 
28  miles  E.  Polno,  39  NE.  New  Stettin. 
Long.  16.  22.  E.  Lat.  54.  6.  N. 

Bufpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
25  miles  NNE.  Kairabad. 

Butrinto,  afeaporttown  of  Albania,  on  a 
gulf  to  which  it  gives  name,  in  the  canal  of 
Corfu,  the  fee  of  a  Greek  bifliop,  flifFragan 
of  Janina.  56  miles  WSW.Delfino.  Long, 
20.  15.  E.     Lat.  39.  44.  N. 

ButJchonH'itz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  in  the 
circle  of  Brunn.     17  miles  ESE.  lirunn. 

Bicit  of  Lcnvis,  or  Point  of  Orehy,  the 
north  extremity  of  the  illand  of  Lewis. 
Long.  6.  15.  W.  Lat.  58.  31.  N. 

Buttah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  5  miles  W. 
Koonda. 

Butte!,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Bremen. 
22  miles  NNW.  Bremen. 

Butteljlett,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Weimar.  6  miles  N.  Wei- 
mar, 20  W.  Naumburg.  Long.  11.  i^.  E. 
Lat.  51.  7.  N. 

But  ten,  a  town  of  Arabia.  28  miles  E. 
Chamir. 

Buttcna^  a  town  of  Bengal.  48  ni.  NNW. 
Purneah- 


BUT 

Bittfenheim,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  the 
bilhopric  of  Samberg.  6  ni.  SSE.  Bamberg. 

B litter a^  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley 
cf  Demona.     12  miles  SW.' Piazza. 

Biittera,  a  town  on  the  fea  coaft  of  Tunis. 
54  miles  SE.  El  Jemma. 

_Bittterje,   a  town  ©f  Hindooff^an,  in  the 
circar  of  Singrowla.     7  miles  W.  Saiponr. 
,    Buttcrfelde.,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
New  Mark  of  Brandenburg.    5    miles  N. 
Baerwalde. 

Butlervjorlh,  a  townfhip  of  England,  in 
the  county  of  Lancafter,  near  Manchcfter. 
In  1801,  it  contained  3930  inhabitants,  of 
■whom  S3  7 1  were  employed  in  trade  and 
manufadures. 

Btdtevanf,    a    town    of  Ireland,  in  the 
.  county  of  Cork,  corporate,  and  governed  by 
a  mayor,  but  in  a  ftate  of  decay,     ao  miles 
K.  Cork. 

Buttkard,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
billiopric  of  Wurzburg.  6  miles  SSW. 
Wurzbiirg. 

Button  If.and,  a  fmall  ifland,  in  the  Eaft- 

Indian  fea.  Long.  105.  48.  E.  Lat.  5,49.8. 

.   Button  IJIand,  a  fmall  ifland,  in  the  Mer- 

gui  Archipelago.     3  miles  W.  from  Olive 

•  Ifland. 

Bitttonnefs,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on  the 
iouth-eaft  extremity  of  the  county  of  Angus, 
in  tlie  German  lea,  at  the  north  coaft  of  the 
entrance  into  the  Frith  ofTay.  9  miles  E. 
©undee.    Long.  z. /^I^.V^ .   Z^.*. 56.  28.N. 

Button'' s  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  north  part  of 

Eudfon's  Bay,   where  Sir  Thomas   Button 

■  attempted  to  difcoi'er  a  north-V\'eft  paifige, 

but  loft  his  fhip,  and  came  home  in  a  Hoop 

Blade  in  the  country. 

.  i??t/r(:;/V ///t*;;.//,  five  fn-ialliflands,  at  the 
fouth  end  of  Hudlbn's  Straits,  near  the  north 
coaft  of  Labrador  :  from  10  to  30  miles  N. 
Cape  Chidley.  Long.  65.  ic.  W.  Lat.  60. 
18.  to  60.  40.  N. 

Buttjladt,  or  Buttftett,  a  town  'of  Ger- 
many, in  the  circle  of  Upper  Saxony,  andi 
principality  of  Weimar,  filiated  on  the  Lofs. 
It  carries  on  a  great  trade  in  cattle  with  Po- 
land and  Hungary,  iz  miles  N.  Weimar, 
16  W.  Naumburg.  Long.  11.28.  E.  Lat. 
jr.  10.  N. 

.    Butty,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guzcrat. 
^l  nnlcs  NE.  Junagur. 
.    Butua,   a  country  of  Africa,   fituated  to 
■  the  nordi-weftof  the  country  of  Mocaranga. 
Lcit.  14.  8. 

Buturuurj,  a  town  of  Bralil,  in  the  go- 
vernment oi  St.  Paul.  50  nnlcs  NW.  from 
St.  Paul. 

Bulzhach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Upper  lleife,  fuuated  in  a 
plain,  marfliy  but  fertile.  7  miles  SSW. 
Gieflen,  8  SSE.  Wetzlaar.  Long.  8.  40.  E. 
Lat.  50.  27.  N. 

Butijlc'ter,  fee  dhbenjletcrm 


B  U  X 

Butzaw,a.  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Lower  Saxony,and  principalityof  Schwe- 
rin,  on  the  Warna  ;  formerly  the  rclidence 
of  the  bifnop  of  Schwerin,  before  i hat  fee 
was  fecuiariled  by  the  treaty  of  Munfter, 
and  given  to  the  Duke  of  Mecklenburg.  14 
miles  NW.  .Guftrow,  34  NE.  Schwerin, 
Long.ii.ss-E-     /-^/.53-53-.N. 

Buungerkc/a,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
OrifTa.     28  miles  NNE.  Gangpour. 

Buxa/?,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Allaha- 
bad.    10  miles  W.  Jionpour. 

Buxadewar,  or  Buxaduar,  or  Pafaka,  a 
town  of  Alia,  in  the  country  of  Bootan.  60 
miles  SSE.  Taffafudon.  Long.  89.  30.  E. 
Lat.  26.  48.  N. 

Biixar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  pro- 
vince ofBahar,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Ganges.  It  was  near  this  place  that  Coffim 
Ali,  joined  by  Sujah  ud  Dowlah,  with  the 
whole  of  that  prince's  army,  made  his  lail: 
effort  againft  the  arms  of  the  Britifh,  who, 
after  a  fmart  a6tion  of  two  hours,  completely 
routed  the  combined  forces,  and  captured 
the  whole  of  their  artillery.  The  fort  of 
Buxar,wl"!ich,  though  fmall,  is  yet  fu/ficiently 
tenable  to'  refift  the  common  attacks  of  a 
native  power,  ftands  on  the  very  limits  of 
the  province  ofBahar,  Some  late  additions 
and  improvements  have  been  made  ;  and  for 
the  better  protedionof  the  inhabitants,  the 
town  has  been  encompafied  with  a  rampart 
and  a  ditch.  A  little  to  the  weftward  of 
the  fort  is  a  temple  dedicated  to  the  golden 
ram,  the  Mars  of  the  Hindoos.  70  miles 
SW.  Patna,  54  NE.  Benares. 

Buxar,  a  tov/n  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Cayor,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Senegal, 
near  the  fea.  33  miles  N.  from  the  ifland  of 
St.  Louis.     Long.  16.  W.     Lat.  16.  30.  N. 

Buxaiv,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
22  miles  W.  Arrah. 

Buxe  Fiord,  a  bay  on  the  wefl  coaft  of 
Weft-Greenland,  /-c/z^.  49.  40.  W.  Lat.. 
64. 15.N. 

Buxidaifx,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Onifa. 
20  miles  NE.  Cattack. 

Buxipour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  24  miles 
SSE.  Moorlhedab4id. 

Biixtehude,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Lower  Saxony,  and  dutcliy  of  Bre- 
men, fituuted  on  the  Efte,  which  fills  the 
ditches.  The  fortiiications  have  been  razed. 
18  miles  SE.  Stade,  16  WSW.  Harabuig. 
Long.  9.  37.  E.  Lat.  ^2'  ?•>-•  ^• 

Buxton,  a  tov/n  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Derby,  celebrated  for  itsfprings  of  warnj 
water,  laid  to  be  I'ulphureous,  but  neither 
foetid  to  the  fmell,  nor-naufeous  to  the  tafte: 
they  were  known  to  the  Romans,  and  arc 
ufed  both  externally  and  internally.  Their 
virtues  are  faid  to  be  alterative  and  deoh- 
ftruent,  a  id  they  are  recommended  in  ner- 
vous and  rheumatic  complaints.     The  town 


BUZ 

■«'itlnn  a  few  years  has  been  much  improved 
bv  a  row  of  hnufes,  crei5>cd  at  the  expence 
of  the  Duke  of  Devonfliirc,  for  the  accom- 
modation of  viliiurs.  In  1801,  the  number 
of  inhabitants  was  760.  There  is  a  manu- 
facture of  cotton.  3a  miles  NNW.  Derby, 
159  NNW.  London. 

Busy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sirione  and  Loire.  8  miles  SW. 
Chalons-fur-Saone. 

Buxygun^e,  a  town  of  Bengal.  .14  miles 
W.  Goragot. 

Buytfjgo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New-Caf- 
tile,  on  the  confines  of  Old-Caftile,  fituated 
on  the  fmall  river  Lozoya.  It  is  fortified, 
and  was  formerly  an  epifcopal  city ;  cele- 
brated for  the  wool  collected  in  its  environs. 
36  miles  N.  Madnd,  18  E.  Segovia.  Long. 
3.  53.  W.  Lat.^i.  I.N. 

Biiytron,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalufia. 
27  miles  SW.  Seville. 

Buyukdere,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
In  the  province  of  Bulgaria,  defended  by  a 
caftle.  It  is  the  uiual  fummer  refidence  of 
feveral  ambafFadors.  12  miles  NNW^.  Con- 
ftantinople. 

Buza,  a  town  of  Tranfylvania.  16  miles 
NNE.  Claufenburg. 

Buzahad,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irak.     15  miles  SE.  Caihan. 

Biizan^^is,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Indre.  11  miles  WNW. 
Chateauroux,  12  ESE.  Chatillon  fur  Indfe. 

Biizancy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardennes.  6  miles  N. 
Grandprc,  16  S.  Sedan. 

Buzavj,   fee  Butzoiv. 

Buzet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Garonne.  18  miles  SE. 
i^Iontauban,  13  NE.Touloufe. 

Buzeo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Walachia.  75  miles  NNE.  Buchareft,  no 
S.  Jaffy.     Lof!g.  26.  5  I.E.     L,?/.  45.28.  N. 

Biizjan,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Chorafan.     90  miles  NNW.  Herat. 

Buzikina,  a  town  of  Rufiia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Tobollk.  220  miles  E.  Enifeiik. 

Buzhn,  a  town  of  RufFia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Tobolflc.     80  miles  NNE.  Tomflc. 

Buzok,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Caramania.     21  miles  SW.  Tlchurum. 

Biizrah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  m.  WNW. 
Colinda. 

Biizuleitzfk,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment ol  Upha,  on  the  Samara.  172  m. 
SW.  Upha,  8j6  SE.  Peterfburg. 

Buzy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meufe.  4  miles  SE.  Eftain,  13 
£.  Verdun. 

Buzzard's  Bay,  a  bay  of  America,  on 
the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ftate  of  Maffachufetts, 
where  the  Britifh  troops  dcftroyed  ibme 
fliips  and  magazines  during  the  war.  Lor.g. 
70.45.  W.     Lat,  41.  2  J .  N. 


E  Y  N 

Buzzard^ s  Roojl,  a  town  of  the  State  of 
Georgia.  Lovg.Zi,.  32.  W.  Lat.  32.  26. N. 

Byrnn,  a  river  of  America,  which  in  its 
courfc  feparates  the  11  ate  of  New-York 
from  Conneifticut,and  runs  into  Long  Ifland 
Sound.     Long.  73.  40.  W.  Lat.  4c."jo.  N. 

Byavs,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlic  depart- 
ment of  the  Doubs.  10  miles  SW.  Befancjon. 

Byarcjn,  a  town  of  Hindoolfan,  in  the 
Telhgana  country.  89  miles  NE.  Ilydrabad, 
60  E.  Warangok-.  Long.  80.  15.  E.  Lat. 
17.50.  N. 

_  Byarian,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Smaland.      13  m.  S.  Jonkioping. 

Byannn,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cicacole.      3  miles  S.  Cofiimcotta. 

Byarwn,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Rajahmundry.  15  miles  ENE.Ra- 
jahmundry. 

Byce,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude.  8 
miles  NNW.  Nidjibabad. 

Bydell,  a  tov/n  of  Bengal,  and  chief  town 
of  the  province  of  Bhoderrah.  20  miles 
WSW.  Dinagepour.  Long.  88.  25.  E.  Lat. 
25-36.N. 

Byerky,  a  tov-T^fliip  of  England,  in  the 
Weil-Riding  of  Yorkfhire,  near  Bradford, 
with  3826  inhabitants. 

Byga,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
40  miles  N.  Ramgur. 

Byg'j?'.gong,  a  town  of  Bengal.  23  miles 
SW.  Dinagepour. 

Bygdea,  a  town  of  Sweden,  ki  Weft- 
Bothnia.     20  miles  NNE.  Umea. 

Bygdea,  Sten,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  weft 
fide  of  the  gulf  of  Bothia.  Long.  20. 42.  E- 
Lat.  64.  2.  N. 

Bygelands,  a  town  of  Norway.  28  miles 
N.  Chriltianland. 

Bygenbary,  a  town  of  Bengal.  64  miles 
N.  Dacca.   Long.  90.  26.  E.  Lat.%6,.  46. N. 

Byk,  a  river  of  Europtan  Turkey,  whicii 
runs  into  the  Dnieftei-,  6  miles  NW.  Bender. 

Byker,  a  townihip  of  England,  in  Nor- 
thumberland. In  1801,  the  nun:ib-T  of  inha- 
bitants was  3254,  of  whom  699  were  em- 
ployed in  trade  and  manufa(ftures.  a  miles 
E.  Newcaftle. 

Bykontpour,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the 
province  oi  Bootiflaazary,  on  the  borders  of 
Bocran.     12  miles  NE.  Sanafbygotta. 

Bykonip'/ur,z.  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Burdwan.  5  miles  E.  Burdwan. 
Long.  88.  4.  E.    Lat.  23.  14-  N. 

Bykonfpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bahar,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Ganges.  12 
miles  SE.  Patna.  Zc';;^-.  8j.  23.  E.  J^at. 
25. 28  N. 

Bylan,  a  town  of  Syria,  in  the  pachalic 
of  Aleppo.     8  miles  NE.  Alexandretta. 

Bynapotir,  a  town  of  Bengal.  50  miles 
SE.  Burdwan. 

Byncc,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahr.r, 
i  mile;  N.  Bettiili. 


Y  R 


B  Z  O 


B^raghVi   a  town  of  Hindcoflan,  in  the 
cilcar  of  Surgooja.  40  miles  N.  Suigooja. 

Byrah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
18  miles  E.Fyzabad. 

Byramdurgmn,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Myfore.     6  miles  SW.  Shevagunga. 

Byreah,  a  town  of  Bengal.     2a  miles  SSE. 
Purneah. 

Byree,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
,  35  m.  W.  Arrah. 

Byron's   Harbour,   a  bay  on   the  north 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Egmont,  between  Port- 
•  land  Ifland  and  Berkeley's  Point. 

Byron's  Bay.,   a  bay  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Labrador.  Long.  58.25.W.  Lat.  55.  8.N. 

Byro?i's  IJhvid,  an  ifland  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  difcovered  by  Commodore  Byron 
in  the  year  1765.  It  is,  liiys  the  Commo- 
dore, alow  flat  ifland,  about  twelve  miles 
in  length,  of  a  delightful  appearance,  and 
full  of  wood,  among  which  the  cocoa-nut 
tree  was  veryconfpicuous.  The^inhabitants 
are  tall,  well-proportioned,  and  clean- 
limbed ;  their  fiaif  is  of  a  bright  copper 
colour  ;  their  features  are  extremely  good, 
and  there  is  a  mixture  of  intrepidity  in  their 
countenance,  which  is  very  ftriking  ;  they 
have  long  black  hair,  which  fome  of  them 
tie  up  behind  in  a  bunch,  others  in  three 
knots.  Son'ie  of  them  had  long  beards, 
fome  only  whiflcers,  and  fome  nothing  more 
than  a  fmall  tuft  at  the  point  of  the  chin. 
They  were  all  of  them  ftark  naked,  except 
their  ornaments,  which  coniiued  of  (hells 
Itrung  together,  and  worn  round  their  necks, 


wrifts,  and  v/aifts :  all  their  ears  were  bored. 
One  of  thefe  men,  who  appeared  to  be  a 
perlbn  of  confequcnce,  had  a  ftring  of 
human  teeth  about  his  v/aift,  which  was  pro- 
bably a  trophy  of  his  military  provv^efs,  for 
he  would  not  part  with  it  in  exchange  for 
any  thing  offered  him.  Some  of  them  were 
armed,  but  others  had  one  of  the  moft  dan- 
gerous weaponsi  had  everfcen;  it  was  a  kind 
offpear,  very  broad  at  the  end,  ftuck  full  of 
fhark's  teeth,  which  are  as  fliarp  as  a  lancet 
at  the  fides,  for  about  three  feet  of  its  length, 
Lotig.  173.  16.  E.  Lat.\.  18.  S. 

Byron's  Strait,   a  narrow  fea,  which  di- 
vides New  Ireland  from  New  Hanover. 

Brfchh,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Boleflaw.     6  miles  E.  Melnik. 

By  send,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Malwa* 
iS  rnilesW.  Kotta. 

Byftrkza,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Volhynia. 
80  miles  NE.  Lucko. 

Byjlrzke,  lee  Habe!fchn.verdt 

Byjlryzca,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Wilna.     24  miles  NE.  Wilna. 

Byfzo'u:,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Cour- 
land.     4i  miles  SSW.  Goldingen. 

Byfefch,  (Gros,)  a  town  of  Moravia,  in 
the  circar  of  Znaym.  30  miles  N.  Znaym, 
42  W.  Olmutz.  Long.  16.  9.E.  Lat.  49. 
18.  N. 

Bythi,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Novogrodek.  40  miles  SSW, 
Novogrodek. 

Byiirt,  fee  Bieurt, 

Bzo,  fee  Bizut.. 


c. 


CAB 

f^AABt  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  right 
^^  bank  of  the  Nile,  uith  a  calHe  on  an 
eminence.  Here  are  fonie  remains  of  an 
ancient  temple,  oppolite  Afna. 

L\iaden,  lee  KaJan. 

Caana,  fee  Kei:^. 

Caalenh,  a  town  of  Bengal.  5  miles 
N\V.  Mullhi. 

Caha^  a  town  on  the  E.  coaft  of  the  illand 
of  Gilolo.  Lc?;g.  iz8.  12.  E.  Lat.  o.  27.  N. 

CcibiUi-ira,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Mozambique.    10  m.  N.  Mozambique. 

CabaigiuiH,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 
;,5  miles  SE.  Villa  del  Principe. 

(^i/W,  a  town  of  Egypt.  21  m.SSE.Afna. 

Cabak,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  urns  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  13.  40.  S. 

Cahaino,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Angola,  on  the  Coanza.  Long.  i.  jo.  W. 
Lai.  9.  56.  S. 

Cabane,  a  town  of  Brafil,  in  tlie  govern- 
n  ent  of  St.  Paul. 

Cabawies.  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  de- 
part, of  the  Arriege.    6  miles  SE.  Tarafoon. 

Cabans,  ( Les,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Tarn.  12  m.  N\V-  Alby. 

Cabarha,  a  fmall  ifland,  near  the  north 
coaft  of  Jamaica.  /-c//j.  76.40.  W.  Lat. 
rS.  24.  N. 

Caharita,  a  river  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the 
ifiand  ot  Jamaica,  which  runs  into  the  fea,  a 
mile  and  a  half  wcH  Savanna  la  Jder. 

Cabarjtor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  12 
miles  NNE.  Vifiapour. 

Cahajfe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var.     20  miles  'NE.  Toulon. 

Cabbage  Inlet,  a  channel  between  two 
fmall  iflands,  on  the  coaft  of  North-Carolina, 
communicating  widi  New  River.  Long. 
78.7.W.  Z.7r.34..3-N. 

Cabbi/i  Creek,  a  river  of  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio.  Long.  83.  45.  W.  Lat. 
38.  30.N.  _ 

Cabe,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into  the 
Minho,  to  the  weft  of  Orenfe,  in  Galicia. 

Cahegade  Busla,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Benguela,  near  the  coaft.  70 
miles  N.  Benguela. 

Cabe^U  del  Negro-,  a  town  cf  Peru,  in  the 
diocefe  of  La  Paz.     50  miles  S\V.  Paria. 

Caheca  de  Vide,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  /iJentejo,  with  a  llrong 
caftie.     9  miles  S.  O  Crato. 

Cabe,ja  de  Tiguera,  a  tov/n   of  South- 


C  A  B 

America,  in  the  governm,  of  Buenos-Ayrcs. 
355  miles  NNW.  Buenos-Ayrcs. 

Cabegas,  {Las,)  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Seville.  It  contains  ieveral  ruins, 
which  (hew  that  it  was  once  a  large  cify\. 
12  miles  S.  Seville. 

Cabe,^as  RiibJas,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
country  of  Seville,  on  the  borders  of  Por- 
tugal.    40  miles  NW.  Seville. 

Cabefas,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 
130  miles  SW.  Havanna. 

Cahegon,  a  town  ot  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Leon,  on  the  Pifuerga.  9  miles  NNE. 
Valladolid. 

Cabcg'.n.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Afturia.     iS  niiics  WSW.  Santander. 

Cubego,  a  river  of  Portugal,  whicli  runs  into 
the  Lima,  feven  miles  above  Ponte  de  Lim;u, 

Cabejida,  a  feaport  town  of  AlTica,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Cacongo.  Long.  12.  10.  E. 
Lat.  5.  40.  S. 

Cabefa,  a  tov/n  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  ^$ 
miles  N.  St.  Yago. 

_  Cahefo,  cr  Cabezzo,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Angola.  15  m.  NW.  Maopongo. 

Cahcf:erra,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  die  coun- 
try of  Fantin.     Long.  i.  E.     Lat.  5.  N. 

Cabejierre,  or  Le  M.irigot,  a  town  of  the 
ifland  of  Guadaloupe,  on  the  eaft  coi.it. 
Long.  61.  44.  V/     Lat.  16.  ic,  N. 

C.tbejierre,  -a  term  generally  applied  to 
that  part  of  the  Weft-India  iflands  which  is 
moft  lofty. 

Cab':,  a  country  of  Afi ica,  in  Nigritia, 
fituated  on  tr.e  north  fide  of  the  Niger,  e;ift 
of  Tombuftoo.  The  city  of  Houfliin  is 
placed  v.ithin  the  bounds  of  diis  country. 

CabllL'K,  a  town  of  the  dutciiy  of  Cour- 
land.     10  miles  E.  Goldingen. 

Cable  IJland,  a  fmall  iiland  near  the  coaft 
of  Ireland,  on  the  fouth-weft  extremity  of 
Youghal  Bay,  in  the  county  of  Cork.  3 
miles  S.  Youghal. 

Cablte,  fee  Ca-jlte. 

Cabhigaan,  a  fmall  ifland  in  tlie  Sooloo 
Arclupeiago.  Z^;;^.  121.  2.E.  Z.^^.  J.37.N. 

Cabo,  or  Kabo,  a  pov/ertul  kingdom  of 
Africa,  to  the  north  of  Rio  Grand,  in  Nigritia, 
about  Lat.  12.  15.  N. 

Cabo,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Canara. 
27  mi'es  N.  Mangalore. 

Cabo,  a  river  which  jifes  in  Georgi i,  and 
runs  into  the  Alabama  in  Weft-Fiorida- 
Lo?}g.  S;.  36.  W.    Lat.  3 i.  4.  N. 


CAB 

Ca!^9,  fee  Crps. 
Caho  de  Crur,  fee  Cape  Cruz. 
Caho  Corfo,  fee  Cape  Coaj}  C-ifJe. 
Caba  de  Muton,  a  cape  nn  ihe  fouH-i  coaff 
of  Prince  of  Wales's  Arcliipc.lago,  forming 
the  fouth-weft   point  of  Puerto   Cordova. 
hong.  227.  ag.  E.     Lat.  54.  42.  N. 

Cabo  de  Rocca  a  cape  on  the  weft  Goaft 
of  Portugai.  Lon^s  .;.  34.  W.  Lai.  38 
46.  N. 

Cabo  R-^xOi  a  cape  nn  th.  weft  coaft  of 
Africa,-  between  the  rivers  Cafamanca  and 
St.  Domingo,     /i.'r?.  .12.  15.N.' 

Caho  de  St.  Bartok-iv-,  v  c",pe  on  the  weft 
.  coaft  of  the  Prince  of  V/aics's  Archipelago, 
at  the  entrance  of  Puerto  r^-ji  Baylo  Bucaroli. 
Lef/g.  226.  34.  E.    L.if.  :  <;.  12.  N. 

Cabaazo,  a  liver  ci  Afiica,  which  unites 
■with  feveral  ftreams  to  form  the  Ben. ha; 00. 
Cabourg,  a  to'A'n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Calvados.     10  m'ies  N   Ca_'n, 

Cahoze,  an  iOand  of  t'^.e  M'ergui  Archipe- 
lago, near  the  coaft  of  Sian\.  Long.  97.  20. 
E.     Lat.  12.  43.  N. 

Cahra,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  province 
of  Beira.     20  miles  ESE.  Vifeu. 

Cabra,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalufia,  fiti;- 
sted  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain,  near  the  fource 
of  a  river  of  the  fame  name.  It  contains  one 
parifli  church,  fix  convents,  and  a  college  for 
the  ftudy  of  philofophy  and  divinity.  25 
railes  SE.  Cordova,  3  N.  Lucena. 

Cabra,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Tombufloo,  on  the  Niger.  It  is  a  place 
of  confiderable  trade,  and  ferves  as  a  port  to 
the  capital.     10  miles  SE.  Tombudoo. 

Cabrajjioiv,  'a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.     20  miles  W.  Canoge. 

Cabras,  an  ifland  in  the  Atlantic,  on  the 

coaftof  Africa,  near  the  ifland  of  St. Thomas. 

Cabras,  or  Qjunziba,   one   of  the   Que- 

~   rimba   illands,  in  the  Indian  fea,   near  the 

coaft  of  Africa.     Lat.  12.  20.  S. 

Cahre,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  30 
miles  S.  Spiritu  Santo. 

Cabiella,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Eftramadura.  21  miles  ESE.  Setuval. 
Cabrera,  a  iiiiall  ifland  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, which  takes  its  name  from  the  num- 
ber of  goats  on  it;  in  Latin,  Capraria.  It 
is  mountainous  and  defert,  no  part  of  it  being 
inhabited  except  its  port,  wliich  is  large 
and  lide.  The  entrance  is  oppofite  Majorca, 
defended  by  a  caftlc,  in  which  a  fmall  gar- 
rilbn  is  always  kept;  it  is  ufed  as  a  place  of 
banin^,mcnt  tor  criminals.  7  miles  S.  Ma- 
jorca.    Long.  3.  43>  E.     Lat.  39.  8.  N. 

Cabrera,  a  fmall  ifland  in  tire  Mediterra- 
nean, near  the  north  coaft  of  Sardinia.  Long. 
9.  27.  E.     Lat.  41.  15.  N. 

Cabreres,  a  town  of  Fragce,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot.     13  miles  ENE.  Cahors. 

Cabrcfe,  a  mountain  of  Naples,  in  Cala- 
bria Citr.u     10  niilcb  E.  Cufcnza. 


C  A  C 

Calretnn,  fee  Cape  Breton. 
Cah'-eze,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Manzora,  3c  miles  SW.  Z'mbao. 

Cahri,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Chorafan. 
40  miles  SW.  M?fchid. 

CahrieL  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Xucar,  foun  after  it  enters  Valencia. 

C  ibrieres,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  county 
of  VenaifBn.  In  the  year  154 r,  the  inhabi- 
tants were  ordered  to  be  maifacred  by  an 
arret  of  the  parliament  of  Paris,  under  the 
pretext  of  religion.     9  miles  N.  Cavaillon. 

Cahrltcn,  a  town  on  the  weft  coail:  of  the 
ifland  of  Fortunaventura. 

Cabnita,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Caraccas,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Apure  and  Oroonoko.  220  miles  St.  Ledti 
de  Caracca. 

Cahul,  a  city  of  Alia,  and  capital  of  the 
kingdom  of  Candahar,  with  two  caftles  and 
a  palace,  lituated  at  the  foot  of  the  HLndoo- 
koo  mountain,  on  the  river  Kamch.  The 
town  carries  on  great  trade  with  Tartary 
and  the  Indies.  The  Ufbeks  bring  a  great 
number  of  horfes,  and  the  Perlians  flieep  and 
cattle,  to  be  fold  here.  In  the  year  1581, 
this  city  was  t;iken  bvAkbar;  and  in  1738, 
Nad.r  Shah  took  it  by  ftorm,  putting  the 
greater  part  of  the  garrifon  to  the  fword,  and 
plundering  it  of  great  treallires.  In  1739,  it 
was  ceded  with  its  territory  to  Perfla,  and 
now  belongs  to  Candahar.  580  miles  NW. 
Delhi,  and  176  NE.  Candahar.  Long.  68. 
Zs-  E.     Lat.  34.  30.  N. 

Cabul,  (Little,)  a  town  of  Cabullftan.  10 
miles  E.  Cabul. 

CabvJJftan,  or  KabuUflatt,  a  country  of 
Aiia,  which,  was  anciently  a  province  of  Per- 
fla; afterwards,  it  v/as  annexed  to  the  Mo- 
gul empire,  till  in  the  year  1739,  it  was  again 
given  to  Peifla  by  Nadir  Shah;  bounded  oa 
north  bv  Ufbeck  Tartary,  on  the  eaft  by 
Kindiioftan  and  Cachemire,  on  the  fouth  by 
Mecran,  and  on  the  weft  by  Candahar  and 
Sableftan.  It  is  at  prefent  a  province  of 
Candahar.  The  country  in  general  is  cold 
and  barren,  with  fome  vallies,  which  being 
defended  from  the  winds  by  mountains,  and 
watered  by  rivers,  are  exceedingly  fertile. 
It  produces  all  the  neceflaries  of  life,  widi 
moft  delicious  fruits  and  aromatic  woods, 
and  drugs  in  great  abundance.  The  inha- 
bitants are  Gentoos,  and  have  a  multitude 
of  pagodas. 

Cabunge/t,  a  town  of  Bengal.  12  miles 
Kl'>.  Calcutta. 

Caca,  a  town  of  Italy.  20  miles  NE. 
Bergamo. 

Cacabclos,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  country  of 
Leon.     40  miles  NW.  Leon. 

Cagaca,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Fez,  which  was  taken  by  the  Moors  from 
ihe  Spaniards  in  1534;  it  is  defended  by  a 
Itiong  fori,  on  a  rock,    id  miles  S.  McliUa. 


C  A  C 

Cacaguales,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Tlufcala. 

Cacalatof!,  :i  town  on  the  north-eaft  coaft 
of  the  iiland  of  Leyta.  Long.  124.  S5-  ^' 
I  .at.  II.  30.  N. 

Ciigallii^  or  Carnll.i,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
tlie  province  of  Seville.  In  the  year  109 1, 
the  ChrilHans  were  defeated  by  the  Moors, 
near  this  town.  40  miles  N.  Seville,  21 
NNW.  Carniona. 

Cacapchoti,-x  river  of  Virginia,  which  runs 
into  thePotomack,  Long.  78.  20.  W.  Lat. 
39.  30.  N. 

Cacapchon,  a  town  of  Virginia,  on  the  river 
of  the  fame  name,     ij  miles  N.  Winchefter. 

Cagarquiber,  Al,  fee  Alcagarqu'ihci\ 

Caccari,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     10  miles  W.  Umbriatico. 

Caccavoiie,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Mo- 
life.     9  miles  N.  Molife. 

Cacc,  a  river  of  Afiica,  v/hlch  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  8.  20.  N. 

Cacelld,  a  feapovt  town  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Algarva,  on  the  fouth  ccaft, 
about  8  miles  weft  from  the  mouth  of  tlie 
Guadiana.  7  miles  WSW.  Caftromarim. 
Long.  7.  28.  W.     Lat.  37.  9.  N. 

Cacera  d<:ll  Pagani,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
the  province  of  Capitanata.    13  m.  S.Troja. 

Caccrcs,  a  town  of  the  ifle  of  Lucon,  com- 
pofed  of  Indian  huts  and  fome  convents,  well 
built.  It  is  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fulFragan  of 
Manilla,     //c;/^.  124.  40.  E.  Zi^w.  14.15. N. 

Caceres,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Eltramadura. 
In  the  year  1706,  the  army  of  the  allies  de- 
feated the  rear  guard  of  the  Duke  of  Berv/ick 
near  this  town.     20  miles  W.  Truxillo. 

Caccrcs,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tlafcala.  70  m.  NW.  Vera-Cruz. 
Long.  98.  56.  W.     Lat.  19.  50.  N. 

Caccres,  a  town  of  South-An^crica,  in  the 
province  of  Popayan,  on  the  Cauca.  S5  ™' 
S.  Santa  Fe  de  Antioquia. 

Cactan,  fee  Cajhan. 

Cachao,  a  large  town,  and  capital  of  a  pro- 
vince of  the  fame  name,  in  the  kingdom  of 
Tonquin, where  the  Englifh  and  Dutch  have 
a  fa(^tory ;  lituated  in  a  beautiful  country, 
well  wooded,  and  abounding  in  lac  and  filk. 
Long.  105.  15.  E.     Lat.  23.  36.  N. 

Cachar,  a  country  of  Afia,  fouth  of  Afiam, 
and  weft  of  Meckley.  The  river  Soorma 
crolTes  it  from  eaft  to  weft. 

Cachara,  a  town  of  liindooftan.  14  miles 
NE.  Benares. 

Ci7c/W,a  fmall  ifland  in  theEaftern-Indian 
fca,  near  the  weft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Bor- 
neo.    Long.  ICO.  5.  E.     Lat.  i.  20   S. 

Cackemirc,  or  Cajl.nnere,  or  Kafrjmir,  a 
country  of  Afia,  once  the  feat  of  a  pov/erful 
kingdom,  which  extended  northward  into 
Taitary,  and  fouthward  to  the  Indian  fca,  at 
prefent  confined  to  a  valley  ahuut  feventy 
miles  in  length,  and  forty  in  bieadth.    The 

Vol.  I.  '  D  d 


C  A  C 

hiftory  of  the  country  reprefents  It  to  have 
been  originally  a  vaft  lake,  which  forced  an 
opening  through  the  mountains.  It  is  a  rich 
champagne  country,  embeliilhcd  with  a  great 
numberof  fmall  hills,  and  furrounded  by 
mountains.  The  mount;iins  that  arc  Icaic 
elevated  are  covered  with  trees  and  paftures, 
which  feed  a  multitude  of  cattle  ;  here  are 
found  hares,  antelopes,  civets,  partridges, 
and  vaft  fwarms  of  bees;  but  neither  Vcr- 
pents,  bears,  tygers,  or  lions.  Behind  thefc 
are  mountains  moreelcvated,  always  covered 
with  fnow,  and  whofe  tops  reach  above  the 
clouds;  from  thefc  defcend  innumerable 
fprings  and  brooks,  which  fertilife  the  coun- 
try, and  uniting  together,  run  into  the  Indus 
in  one  ftream.  The  country  refembles  a 
garden,  interfperfed  with  a  great  number  of 
towns  and  villages,  varied  with  beautiful 
trees,  green  meadows,  fields  of  rice,  hemp, 
laftrun,  and  different  legumes,  inteifeded  by 
canals  winding  through  them  in  all  forms. 
The  country  is  one  of  the  moft  beautiful  in 
the  univerfe;  the  Moguls  call  it  the  terreftrial 
paradife  of  t!ie  Indies.  The  air  is  pure  and 
icrene,  the  men  lively  and  well  made,  and 
the  women  handfomc;  the  inhabitants  are 
more  induftrious  than  thole  of  other  countries 
of  India.  They  manufa*5ture  palankins,  beds, 
cabinets,  efcrutoirs ;  but  more  efpeclally  chofe 
ftuff"s  cjled  chalcs,  or  Jhaivls,  which  ferve 
the  Moguls  and  Indians  to  cover  the  head 
and  fhoulders,  and  have  been  of  late  years 
brought  into  Europe,  Some  are  made  of  the 
wool  of  the  country,  which  is  much  fmer 
than  that  of  Spain :  but  others  are  manu- 
f  idlured  from  hair  cut  from  the  breaft  of 
the  goats  of  Thibet,  called  touk,  which  is 
much  fofter  and  more  delicate  than  the  hair 
oi"  the  beaver.  The  latter  are  very  dear.  The 
Cachemirians  have  a  language  of  their  ov,  n, 
faid  to  be  more  ancient  than  the  Sanicrit; 
and  a  religion  difterent  from  that  of  the 
Hindoos.  Cachemire  was  an  independent 
kingdom  till  the  year  1585,  when  it  was 
conquered  by  the  Mogul  emperor  Akbar. 
It  wasviilted,  but  h.aidly  fubdued,  by  Timur 
Bee  :  at  piefent  it  is  annexed  to  Candaliar. 
Chercfeddin  All,  author  of  the  hiftory  of 
Timur  Bee,  fays,  there  are  In  the  extent  of 
this  country  10,000  flouriihing  villages.  A 
modern  traveller  (O.  Forfter)  I'peaks  of  the 
manners  of  the  people  as  eminently  depraved. 
Cachemi/c,  or  Cajhinere,  called  alfo  Si- 
rlnagiir,  a  city  of  Alia,  and  capit;d  of  the 
coLintryof  Cachemire,  fuppofcd  to  have  been 
tlie  Cafpiraot  the  ancients,  is  lituated  on  the 
river  Behut,  about  throe  miles  long  a./d  tv.'O 
wide,  but  without  walls.  About  fix  miles 
from  It  the  mountains  form  a  circular  baibn, 
and  turn  their  fprings  Into  a  lake  about  tv/clve 
miles  in  circumference,  which  empties  itfeif 
into  the  river  by  a  navigable  caoal.  The 
houfcs  are  of  wood,  and  well  built;  th^v 


CAD 

were  formerly  of  ftone,  but  the  injaries  they 
receive  from  frequent  earthquakes  induced 
the  inhabitants  to  change  their  materials. 
The  city  is  adorned  with  a  great  number  of 
fountains,  refervoirs,  and  temples;  among 
the  latter  is  one  to  which  they  give  the  name 
of  the  Temple  of  Solomon.  Loitg.  73.  44. 
5).     Lat.  34.  21.  N. 

Cachenona^a,  an  Indian  town  of  Lower 
Canada,  at  the  extremity  of  lake  St.  Louis, 
oppofite  La  Chine. 

Cacheo,  fee  Kachao. 

Cachi-,  fee  Channar. 

Cachlhona,  or  Clyde,  a  river  of  Dominica, 
which  runs  into  the  fea  on  the  e^fl  coaft,  a 
little  to  the  north  of  Halifax-bay. 

Cachoeira,  a  town  of  Brafil,  on  the  St. 
Francifco.  In  the  neighbourhood  are  fome 
gold  mines.     180  miles  SW.  St.  Francifco. 

Cackim  Seghien.,  a  village  or  town  of  Thi- 
bet.    28  miles  W.  Yolotou-Hotun. 

Cackipcnnakon,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.     10  miles  NW.  Tiagar. 

Cackalak,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Surgooja.     30  m.  ESE.  Surgooja. 

Cacongo,  a  fniall  kingdom  of  Africa,  in 
the  country  of  Congo,  on  the  north  bank  of 
the  Zaire;  the  inhabitants  are  commercial, 
the  manners  of  the  people  and  produdions 
of  the  country  are  (imiiar  to  thofe  of  Loango. 
^The  capital  is  of  the  fame  name,  and  fituated 
Long.  14   20.  E.     Lat.  ^.  S. 

Cacongo.,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic  with  the  Zaire. 

Cacjorla,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Ahdalufia,  and  country  of  Jaen.  It  con- 
tains two  parifhes,  and  five  convents.  12 
miles  E.  Ubcda. 

Cacofin,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  50 
miles  NNW.  Bayamo. 

Cacucha,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,  Lat.()  N. 

Caciilo,  a  town  cjf  Africa,  in  Satadoo. 
Long.  10.  40.  W.     Lat.  13.  55.  N. 

Cada  TVatcr,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which 
runs  into  Loch-Fine,  9  miles  SW.  Inverary. 

Cadahaljo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New- 
Caftile,     6  miles  N.  Efcalona. 

Cadalen,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tarn.  6  miles  SE.  Gaillac,  19 
NNW.  Caftres. 

Cadadogulsy  an  Indiaii  town  of  Louifiana. 
Long.  9;.  W,     Lat.  34.  10.  N. 

Cadaludy,  a  town  of  liindooilan.  15  m. 
S.  Calicut. 

Cadan,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
ofSaatz,  oa  the  Epra.     10  miles  E.  Saatz. 

Cadaraauy,  fee  Fort  Frontetjac. 

Cadaval,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eftrama- 
dura.     13  miles  SE.  Peniche. 

Cadaval,  a  town  uf  Portugal,  in  the  province 
of  Tras  os  Montes.    13  m.  SSW.  Mirandcla. 

Cadatnna*ri'jn, d.to\sn  of  the  iflant!  of  Cey- 
lon, on  tlic  wcH  coafl,    1 S  miles  N.  PuteJani. 


CAD 

C«i/i/i?,atown  of  Bengal.  35  m.NE.Nattore, 

Cadelen,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Saatz,  on  the  Egra.     10  miles  S.  Saatz. 

Cadee,  or  Caddce,  {^League  cf,)  otherwife 
called  League  of  God's  houfe,  one  of  the 
twelve  leagues  of  the  Grifons  :  it  compre* 
hends  eleven  communities,  of  which  Coire 
is  the  chief. 

Cadenac,  or  Capdenac,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Lot,  celebrated  for 
its  attachment  to  its  own  country,  having 
never  joined  the  Englifh  in  their  frequent 
invafions  and  conquells,  and  on  that  account 
endowed  with  conhderable  privileges.  5 
miles  SE.  Figeac,  28  ENE.  Cahors. 

Cadenet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  mouths  of  the  Rhone,  near  the 
Durance.     9  miles  S.  Apt. 

Cadenjo,  or  Cadenio,  one  of  the  Laccadive 
iflands  in  the  Indian  fea.  Long.  -jx.  32.  E. 
Lat.  II.  50.  N. 

Cadequla,  a  feaport  town  of  Spain,  in 
Catalonia.     5  miles  NE.  Rofes. 

Cadsr.,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  on 
the  Tigris.     100  miles  S.  Bagdad, 

Cader,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dowlata- 
bad,  on  theTeenah.    12  m.  NE.  Callianee. 

Cader  Idris,  a  mountain  of  North-Wales, 
in  the  county  of  Merioneth,  whofe  perpen- 
dicular height  is  calculated  to  be  2850  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  fea.  On  it  are  feveral 
lakes,  abounding  in  fifli.     3  m.  S.  Dolgelly. 

Cader i,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Myfore. 
18  miles  NE.  Gumipollam. 

Cades-Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth-weft  coafi 
of  Antigua.     5  m.  W.  Falmouth-harbour. 

CaderouJJe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Vauclufe.  3  m.  W.  Orange- 

Ciidgolls,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Rofs.     6  miles  SE.  Tain. 

Cadiar,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Grenada.     2S  miles  SE.  Grenada. 

Cadiere,  {La,)  a  town  of  Franre,  in  the 
department  of  the  Var.    9  m.  NW.  Toulon. 

Cadillac,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftrict,  in  the  department  of  the 
Gironde,  near  the  Garonne,  containing  about 
1,800  inhabitants.  13  miles  N.  Ba:3as,  15 
SSE.  Bourdeaux.  Long.  o.  14.  E.  Lat. 
44.  3S.  N. 

Cadgipara,  a  town  of  Bengal.  13  miles 
SE.  Goragot. 

Cadgiva,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Alla- 
habad. 7  miles  SE.  Corah.  Long.  80.  ^3, 
E.  Lat.  26.  3.  N. 

Cadibona,  or  Torre  ds  Cadlhov.a,  a  town 
of  Genoa.     7  miles  N.  Savona. 

Cadiapatavi  Point,  a  cape  on  tiie  S.  coaft 
of  Hindooftan.     18  m.  N  W.  Cape  Comorin. 

Cadima,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira,  near  the  fea  coaft.  18  miles 
V7.  Coinibra. 

Cadiz,  a  cityand  feaport  of  Spain,  fituated 
on  a  landy  peninfulu,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 


CAD 


CAD 


at  the  entrance  of  a  bay  to  which  it  gives 
rame,  firfl-  built  by  the  Phcenicians,   who 
called  it  Giuicz.     Its  form  is  nearly  fquare  ; 
on  the  fouth  lide  it  is  rendered  inaccefTible 
bv  the  lea,  from  the  height  and  fteepnefs  ot 
the  fhore;  on  the  eaft  fide  toward  the  land 
it  is  defended  by  two  ftrong  baflions;  and 
to  the  north  bv  feveral  rock-  and  fand  banks; 
the  point  which  runs  out  wcfterly  is  defended 
bva  fort,  which  covers  the  entrance  of  the 
biy.     It  is  like  wife  defended  by  a  caftle. 
The  ftreets  arc  broad,  {Iraight,  and   well 
paved ;  the  houfes  are  large  and  commodious, 
and  the  number  of  merchants  who  relide 
there  can  fcarcely  be  imagined;  in  faft,  the 
whole  city  is  engaged  in  trade.     In  the  year 
1776,  949  fliips  from  different  ports  entered 
the  haibour  of  Cadiz.     The  commerce  of 
Cadiz  can   leave  but  few  hands  to  induftry; 
there  are,  however,  about  20  ribbon  looms, 
And  machines  for  knotting  filk,  which  ap- 
pear to  have  a  confiderable  fale  for  their 
produce.    There  are  feveral  manufacturers, 
whofe  chief    employment  is  to  put  their 
marks  on  the  ffockings  they  receive  from 
Ninits,  and  which  are  then  (hipped  for  the 
American   fettlements,     where   all   foreign 
ftockings  are  prohibited.  There  are  feveral 
linen  manufaftures  in  the  neighbourhood, 
but  the  manufafture  of  fait  is  the  moil  in- 
tereflinp;  branch  of  induftry  in  the  environs 
of  Cadiz.     Cadiz  is  furrounded  with  wails, 
which  contribute  more  to  its  embeilifhment 
than  to  its  defence.    This  port  is  the  centre 
of  the  commerce  to  the  Weff-Indies  and  to 
America.     The  veffels  of  Spain  carry  out 
the  productions  of  Europe,  and  the  bcft  of 
every   kind;    and   bring  back  gold,  filver, 
precious   flones,  cochineal,  indigo,  coffee, 
tobacco,  woods  of  different  kinds,  choco- 
late, &c.  which  are  diftributed  into  other 
countries.     Here  are  merchants  from  moft 
of  the  ftates  in  Europe,  as  Iriih,  Flemings, 
Genoefe,  and   Germans;  the   Englifh   and 
Dutch  are  not  numerous.    There  are  many 
Frenchmen,  fome  of  whom  ars  capital  mer- 
chants, but  the  greater  part  are  of  an  inferior 
ftyle,  rather  retail  dealers  than  merchants. 
Cadiz   is  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fuffragan   of 
Seville;    the  inhabitants   are   computed    at 
60,000.    In  the  year  1^96,  Cadiz  was  taken 
and  plundered  by  the  Englifh  under  the  Earl 
of  ElTex  and  the  Lord  High  AdmiralHoward; 
in  1702,  an  attempt  was  madebytheDuke  of 
Ormond  and  Sir  George  Rooke,  with  fome 
Englifh  and  Dutch,  to  feize  Cadiz  for  the 
Archduke  Charles,  but  after   landing  fome 
troops,  they  found  the  fcheme  impracticable, 
and  returned.  Lon^. 6. zs.W.  Lidt.^d.TiZ.'N. 
Cadiz,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  fi- 
tuated  on  the  north  coafl,  in  a  bay  to  which 
it  gives  name.    164  miles  E.  Havanna.  Lo?ig. 
79.  55.  W.  Lat.  23.  2.  N. 

CadiZ'i   a  river  of  the  ifl^ind  of  Cuba, 

Dd 


which  runs  into  the  fca,  10  miles  E.  from 
the  town  of  Cadiz. 

Cadlatoor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Tinr 
evellv.     30  miles  NE.  Palamcotta. 

Cadolzhurg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
marggravate  of  Anfpach,  furrounded  with 
Willis,  and  defended  by  a  caltle.  18  miles 
NE.  Anfpach,  8  W.  Nuremberg. 

Cadora.,  a  town  of  Italy,  anil  capital  of 
the  Cadorin.  The  principal  trade  of  the 
inhabitants  is  in  iron  and  timber.  The  ce- 
lebrated Titian  Vccellio  was  a  native  of  this 
place.  In  the  year  1797  the  Auftrians  were 
defeated  here  by  the  French.  42  miles  NE. 
Trent,  53  W.  Friuli.  LQi:g.  12.  17.  E. 
Lat.  js,fi.  25.  N. 

Cadorin,  a  province  of  Italy,  at  one 
time  a  diltritft  of  the  Trevifan,  fubjeft  t» 
Venice,  it  is  fmall  and  mountainous;  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Carinthia,  on  the  eaft  by 
Fiiuli,  on  the  fouth  by  the  Bellunefe,  and  on 
the  weff  by  the  bifhopric  of  Brixen,  about 
25  miles  long,  and  from  10  to  15  broad. 
This  country  abounds  in  forcfts  and  iron- 
mines,  which  afford  the  chief  employment 
and  tiade  to  the  inhabitants,  whofe  number 
is  computed  at  about  22,000.  By  an  agree- 
ment, the  Cadorin  was  with  the  refl  of  the 
Venetian  dominions,  transferred  to  the  Em- 
perorof  Germany,  as  archduke  of  Auflria,  in 
lieu  of  the  Milanefe  and  Mantuan,  but  after- 
wards annexed  to  the  new  kingdom  of  Italy. 
Cadrocapechy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan, 
in  Coimbetore.     25  miles  S.  Damicotta. 

Cadouin,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Dordogne.  24  miles  S. 
Perigueux. 

Cadonrs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Garonne.  18  miles 
NW.  Touloufe. 

Cadfand,  an  ifland  near  the  coaft  of  Flan- 
ders, at  the  mouth  of  the  Scheldt.  This 
ifland  is  preferved  by  lofty  dykes,  con-  •• 
ftru(5ted  at  a  vaft  expence,  from  the  inun- 
dations of  the  lea;  and  yet  fcarcely  free 
from  danger  when  the  north-weft  wind 
blows  with  violence.  The  land  is  fertile, 
and  the  corn  is  equal  to  any  produced  ia 
the  United  States,  the  meadows  are  lux- 
uriant, and  the  farmers  make  a  large  quan- 
tity of  excellent  cheefe.  A  great  number 
of  perfecuted  French  and  Salzburgcrs  came 
here  to  fettle,  and  found  peace  and  tolerntion. 
In  i;,"?,  the  Flemings  were  defeate.d  by 
the  Englifh  off  this  ifland  with  the  lofs  of 
3,000  men.  In  1794,  the  ifland  wastakenby 
the  French.  Loiiv.  3.  18.  E.  Lat.  51.  23.  N. 
Cadfand,  or  Caffa?idria,  a  town  of  Hol- 
land, in  the  ifland'  of  Cadfand.  %  miles 
N.  Sluys. 

Cadunga,  a  town  of  Bengal,  is  miles 
NE.  Calcutta. 

Cady,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Vifiapour. 
I J  railc'j  Nl;.  Annrnfagur. 


C  A  E 


C  A  E 


Cadzurhvc,  a  tov'n  of  Hindooftan  in  Ba- 
har,  0-'  the  Soane.  .  lo  miles  N£.  Rotalgur. 

Cat:?!,  a  city  '-f  France,  and  capital  of 
the  department  of  Calvados,  (ituated  on  the 
rivers  Orne  and  Odon;  before  the  revolu- 
tion, it  was  the  capital  of  Lower  Normandy, 
with  a  celebrated  univerflty,  lirft  founded 
by  Henry  VI.  king  of  England,  at  that  time 
nominally  king  of  France,  in  the  year  143 1> 
for  the  ftudy  of  civil  and  canon  law. 
The  faculties  of  theology  and  the  arts 
were  added  in  1436;  and  that  of  medicine 
in  1437,  by  letters  patent  dated  from  Ken- 
fington.  Normandy  being  foon  after  con- 
quered by  the  French,  Charles  VIII.  eita- 
blifhed  the  foundation.  Caen,  with  the  reft 
of  Normandy,  was  at  one  time  fabjeft  to 
the  king  of  England.  In  the  year  1104,  it 
was  feized  by  Philip  the  Auguft,  king  of 
France,  and  remained  fubjeft  to  that  crown 
till  the  year  1346,  when  it  was  befieged  and 
taken  by  Edward  III.  after  a  fevere  contefl, 
and  the  lofs  of  a  great  number  of  lives.  In 
14 1 7,  it  was  again  taken  by  Henry  V  and 
continued  in  the  hands  of  the  Englifh  till 
1448,  when  it  was  taken  by  Charles  VII. 
king  of  France.  26  pofts  weft  of  Paris. 
JLoiig.o  17.  W.  Lat.  49.  II.  N. 
.  Caerjiliy,  or  Caerphilly,  a  town  of  South 
Wales,  in  the  county  of  Glamorgan,  fitu- 
ated  on  the  river  Rumney:  near  which  are 
the  remains  of  a  caftle,  which  was  taken 
from  the  Spencers,  favourites  of  Edward  II. 
by  the  prince  of  Wales.  Here  is  a  confi- 
derable  furnace  and  a  fulling  mill.  The 
neighbourhood  abounds  with  coal  and  iron 
0'\.  It  has  a  weekly  market  on  ThurfJays. 
20  m.  SW.  MonmouLL  and  158  W.London. 
L.ong.  3.  20.  W.  Lai.  51.  30.  N. 

Casrlson,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Monmouth,  fituated  on  the  Ulk, 
'once  the  metropolis  of  ail  Wales ;  the  fee 
of  an  a;  chbifliop  from  the  iirft  eftablilliment 
of  Chriftianity  in  the  illand  till  the  year 
521,  when  it  was  removed  to  Menevia,  now 
gt  David's,  by  St.  David,  the  then  arch- 
biOidp.  King  Arthur  is  faid  to  have  kept 
his  court,  and  to  have  inllituted  the  order  of 
the  knights  of  the  round  table  in  this  place. 
It  is  now  much  reduced  from  its  former 
grandeiu\  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants was  only  667  ;  but  it  has  yet  two  mar- 
kets .weskly,  on  ThuriJay  and  Saturday; 
trading  vcOcls  fail  regularly  every  week  to 
and  from  Brillol,  from  which  it  is  diftant 
a6  mibs,  148  W.London.  Zo;;j.  3.  ai.  W. 
Lat.  SI.  39.  N. 

Cai'Duarthcn,  or  Caermardcn,  a  town  of 
South-Wales,  and  capital  of  the  county  to 
which  it  gives  name,  fitu;ited  on  tlie  river 
Gwilly,  about  ic  miles  from  the  Briftol 
Cliannel,  and  near  the  river  Towy.  An- 
,  ciently  f.irroundcd  with  walls,  and  defended 
by  a  caiile,  the  gate  of  which  now  Icrvcs 


for  a  county  gaol.  It  has  two  markets 
weekly,  on  Wednefday  and  Saturday,  with 
a  population  of  5548,  as  numbered  in  1801. 
Ft  is  a  borough  town,  and  fends  one  member 
to  parliament.  45  miles  W.  Brecon,  21a 
W.  London.  Long.  j^.  i.z.'W.  Lat.-sZ' 
14- N. 

Caei'marthetijhire,  a  county  of  South- 
Wales,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  county 
of  Cardigan,  from  which  it  is  feparated  by 
the  river  Tivy,  on  the  eaft  by  Brecknock- 
fliire  and  Glamorganfliire,  on  tlie  fouth  by 
the  Briftol  Channel,  and  on  the  weft  by 
Pcmbrokefliire;  about  2,$  miles  long,  ao 
broad,  and  loj  in  circumference.  The 
country  is  in  general  mountainous,  woody, 
and  well  watered.  The  air  is  reckoned 
mild  and  healthy,  and  the  foil  ferttie.  Coals 
and  limeftone  are  plentiful.  It  is  divi- 
ded into  fix  hundreds,  and  contains  eight 
towns,  which  are  Caermarthen,  Llanymdo- 
very,  Llanelly,  Kidwelly,  Llangadock,  Llan- 
dillo-Vawr,  Laugharn,  and  Newcaftle  in 
Emlyn.  In  1801  the  number  of  inhabitants 
was  67,317,  of  whom,  trade  and  manufac- 
tures employed4343,  and  agriculture  32,862. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Towy,  the  Co- 
thy,  and  the  Tave.  This  county  returns  two 
members  to  parliament;  one  for  the  county, 
and  one  for  the  town  of  Caermarthen. 

Caernartmit  a  feaport  town  of  North- 
Wales,  and  capital  of  the  county  to  which 
it  gives  name,  lituated  on  the  fite  of  the 
ancient  Segontium,  by  the  fide  of  the  river 
Menai,  with  a  caftle,  fuppoled  to  have  been 
built  byEdwardl.  after  reducing  theWelfli, 
and  the  death  of  the  prince  Llewellyn.  The 
walls  are  defended  by  a  number  of  round 
towers,  with  two  principal  gates ;  the  eaft 
facing  the  mountains,  an^^'-  the  weft  facing 
the  Menai.  Edward  II.  was  born  in  a  fmall 
dark  room,  not  12  feet  long,  nor  8  broad. 
The  walls  of  this  foftrefs  are  7  feet  9  inches 
thick,  having  within  their  thicknds  a  gal- 
lery, with  narrow  flips  for  the  difcharge  of 
arrows.  In  the  year  1294,  the  town  and 
caiile  were  furprifed  by  the  Welih,  and 
many  Engliflimen  killed.  In  the  year  1644* 
the  town  was  taken  by  Captain  Swanley,  an 
officer  of  the  parliament,  who  made  400 
prifoners,  with  a  great  quantity  of  arms, 
ammunition,  and  plunder.  It  was  afterwards 
retaken  by  the  royalifts,  and  Lord  Byron 
ap))ointed  governor,  who  was  complied  to 
yield,  in  the  year  1646,  to  General  Mytton, 
thoug'i  on  honourable  terms.  In  tb.e  year 
1648,  Sir  John  Ov/en  befieged  i>,,  but  Colo- 
nel Carter  and  Colonel  Twiil'clton  marching 
to  relieve  tlie  place.  Sir  John  was  defeated 
and  made  prifoiier,  when  the  whole  county 
fubmittcd  to  the  parliament.  Caernarvon 
h;i6  no  manufadures,  but  carries  on  a  con- 
iidcrablc  trade  with  London,  Briitol,  Liver- 
pool, and  Ireland.    It  lends  one  niciubcr 


C  A  E 

to  parliament,  and  lias  a  market  on  Satur- 
day. The  harbour  is  tolerably  good,  with 
9  teet  at  low  water.  9  miles  SSW.  Ban- 
gor, 2S3  NW.  London.  Long.  4.  30.  W. 
L,af.  sj,.  6.  N. 

CaernarvonfnirCt  a  countyofNorth-Wales, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  fca,  on  the  eaft 
byDenbighfliire,  6n  the  Ibudi  by  Merioneth- 
ihire  and  the  Tea,  and  on  the  welt  by  the 
Irifh  Sea  and  the  Menai.  Its  length  from 
north  to  Ibuth  about  40  miles,  in  breadth 
from  eaft  to  weft  20.  It  is  divided  into 
feven  hundreds,  and  contains  one  city,  viz. 
Bangor,  and  five  market-towns,  Abercon- 
way,  Caernarvon,  Pwlhelly,  Crickeith,  and 
Newin.  In  i8oi,the  population  was 41,521, 
of  which  4234  were  employed  in  trade  and 
manufaftures,  and  12,808  in  agriculture.  In 
Caernarvonfhire  are  many  mountains  and 
lakes.  Of  the  former  Snowden  is  reckoned 
the  chief,  and  the  number  of  the  latter  is 
laid  to  amount  to  50  or  60.  In  the  nioun- 
taiious  part  little  corn  is  produced;  but  tlie 
inhabitants  keep  a  great  number  of  cattle 
and  fheep,  which,  dunn.^  the  fummer  feed 
very  high  in  the  niour.-.aujs,  guarded  by  ihe 
owners,  wlio  refidt-  wita  theui  in  lemporarv 
huts.  The  vales  yield  foii;e  gucd  grafs  for 
hay.  In  fome  of  the  lakes  are  found  the 
char,  and  other  Alpine  fiih.  Copper  and 
lead  ores  have  been  found  in  various  parts 
of  the  mountains,  and  many  plants  peculiar 
to  the  moft  elevated  fituations.  The  inha- 
bitants of  the  more  retired  parts  live  in  a 
ftate  of  the  utmoft  fimplicity,  manufacturing 
their  clothes  themfclves. 

Caeri'je?it.,  or  Caer  G'c.htit,  or  Caer  IFent, 
a  village  of  England,  in  the  county  of  Mon- 
mouth, with  329  inhabitants;  anciently  a' 
Roman  ftation,  called  Venta  Silurum,  and 
by  tlie  Biitons  Caer  Gwent.  In  the  time 
ot  Caradoc  ap  Inir,  it  flourilhed  as  anuniver- 
fity;  and  in  Leland's  time  the  places  where 
the  four  gates  ftood  were  vilible,  the  remains 
even  now  give  evidences  of  former  mag- 
nificence. 17  miles  NW.  Briftol,  24  ES£. 
Cardiff. 

Caernvysy  a  town  of  North-Wales,  irj 
the  county  of  Flint,  was  formerly  a  city 
of  note,  and  the  county  town ;  the  chief 
boall  of  tlie  town  was  its  being  the  place 
where  the  Britilh  bards  met  annually,  at  a 
particular  period,  for  trials  of  fl<ill.  This 
meeting  was  called  the  Eisteddfod,  where 
judges  prefided,  appointed  by  fpecial  corn- 
million  from  the  piinces  of  Wales  previous 
to  its  conqueft,  and  by  the  kings  of  England 
after  that  event.  Thefe  arbiters  were  bound 
to  pronounce  juftly  and  impartially  on  the 
talents  of  the  refpeffive  candidates,  and  to 
confer  degrees  according  to  their  compartive 
excellence.  The  bards,  like  the  Englilh 
minllr. Is,  were  formed  into  a  college,  the 
inembers  of  which  had  particular  privileges, 


C  A  C 

to  be  enjoyed  by  none  but  fuch  as  were  ad- 
mitted to  their  degrees,  and  licerifcd  by  the 
judges.  Some  attempts  have  been  lately 
made  to  reftore  this  ancient  mcefng.  In 
1801,  the  number  of  inhabiiantt,  was  ^73. 
Caerwys  joins  in  fending  one  member  to 
parliament,  and  has  a  market  on  Tuefday. 
5  miles  W.  Flint,  204  >!  W.London.  Lo?ig, 
3.  32.  W.  Lflt  ^T,.  14,  N. 

CacfffDosJ  three  fmall  iflands  in  the 
Atlantic,  near  the  fouth  coaft  ot  Portugal, 
Lofig.  7.  52.  W.     Lat.  36.  58.  N. 

Cafarea^  a  feaport  town  of  Syria,  in  the 
pachalic  of  Danialcus.  It  was  firft  called 
Strabo's  Tower,  from  a  general  of  Darius ; 
and  was  called  Cxlarea  by  Herod  theAfca- 
lonite,  in  honour  ufAugnftus.  Astliis  city, 
however,  exhibited  notning  worthy  its  new 
tide,  Herod  invited  celebrated  ardfts  from 
all  parts  of  the  world,  to  come  to  his  court, 
to  whom  he  communicated  his  defign  ;  and 
under  his  protection,  they  fuon  p'oduced 
marter-pieces  of  every  kind,  which  a  tr;'.i5ted 
the  attention  even  of  Rome ;  the  citv  was 
cp'argcd  ;  the  ftieets  were  beautified  and 
widened ;  palaces,  built  of  marble,  arole 
from  the  ancient  ruins ;  and  theaires,  am-' 
p!;itheat!es,  and  other  edifices,  weic  con- 
itrudled,  whicli,  as  they  Itood  towards  the 
fea,  were  liuheld  bv  navigators  with  afto- 
niihment.  It  appe;..  ed  \.->  Herod,  thai  it 
was  not  fufhcient  lor  the  glory  of  a  cuv  !o 
ere6t  monuments,  which  were  merely  mag- 
nificent: he  turned  his  attention  to  objfeels 
of  more  utility ;  and  particularly  towards 
commerce,  which  could  not  flourifh  t)ut  by 
the  eltablilhmcnt  of  a  harbour.  This  enter- 
prife  required  long  l;;bour,  and  immenfe 
fuiTis  ;  but  every  thir^  becomes  eafy  to  an 
adive  intelligent  prince,  pccurtomcd  to 
ovcrcon-e  oblTacles.  Cx-farea,  t;vjreforc,  was 
furnilhed  with  a  port,  which  io:r,e  have  not 
hefitated  to  compare  to  that  of  the  Pir.u.Ti 
at  Ath.ns  In  the  cuurfe  of  time  Ca;larea 
underwent  feveral  politiqal  revolutions.  Go- 
verned at  firft  by  kings,  to  whom  it  gave 
birth,  it  became  a  Roman  colony  under 
Vefpafian,  and  changed  its  name  to  that  of 
Flavia.  In  the  year  548  or  the  Chrinian 
iera,  it  futfered  by  the  exccfs  ot  fanaticlim, 
both  from  tlie  Jews  and  Samaritans,  who 
were  divided  into  two  factious.  A  nuniber 
ofChuftians  fell  a  facrifice  to  their  tury; 
all  the  temples  were  burnt;  and  Stephen 
the  prafect  was  attacked  in  the  prretoi ium, 
and  murdered,  alter  ail  hjs  effeiSts  had  been 
plundered.  Ihe  viftorious  arms  of  Omar, 
one  of  the  iuccei.urs  of  Maiiomet,  com- 
pelled the  mhabitants  ofCsfarea,  in  635,10 
embrace  ti-.e  M.'.liometan  faith.  Ii'Wau  re- 
taken from  th.;  Sur.'.cens  by  Baldwin  1.  k.ng. 
of  Jerulaiem,  in  iioi.  'ihe  C.uiluani  i.il; 
this  city  agiun  i:  1187,  undei-  i.;  I'.'g':  \£ 
the  ^celebrated  Suladiu  ;  but  they  rtijvcicd 


C  A  F 


C  A  G 


it  in  1 19 1,  and  left  it  once  more  feme  years 
after.  In  125 1,  they  retook  it  under  Louis 
IX.  who  repaired  its  fortifications  ;  but  in 
1264,  they  finally  ceded  it  to  the  infidels, 
and  never  entered  it  afterwards.  Amidft 
its  diiafters,  fo  often  renewed,  this  capital 
of  Palef!:ine  faw  its  former  fplendour,  and 
the  magnificence  of  its  monuments  annihi- 
lated. Nothing  remains  of  the  temples  built 
by  Herod,  but  the  ruins  of  a  few  walls,  and 
part  of  a  fortrefs  which  ftood  near  it.  Some 
porphyry  columns  lie  fcattered  here  and 
there  ;  and  within  the  city  may  be  feen  the 
ruins  of  a  few  edifices  conftructed  of  white 
marble,  which,  by  the  injuries,  of  the  wea- 
ther, is  now  become  totally  black.  The 
lituation  of  the  ancient  port,  which  feveral 
hiftorians  have  extolled  as  another  wonder 
of  the  world,  cannot  be  diftinguiflied.  Lo)ig. 
2,$'  1.  E.  Lat.  32.  2,-5.  N. 

Cafara,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Alentejo.     iz  miles  E.  Moura. 

Cafirljlaii-,  fee  Kuitore. 

Caffa,  or  Kaffa,  fee  Theodofia. 

Cafra,  a  town  of  Egypt.  2  m.  E.  Siut. 

Cajfraria,  that  part  of  Africa  which  lies 
between  Congo,  Negroland,  Abyffinia,  and 
the  fea.  The  name  is  faid  to  be  derived 
from  the  Arabic  word  Cafier,  which  figni- 
fies  Infidel ;  the  Mahometans  giving  this 
name  to  all  who  are  of  a  different  religion 
irom  thenifelves.  Caffraria  may  be  divided 
into  two  parts,  Caffraria  Proper,  and  the 
country  of  the  Hottentots.  The  internal 
parts  are  but  little  known  ;  the  inhabitants 
of  Caffraria  Proper  are  generally  taller  than 
the  Hottentots,  more  robuft,  more  fierce, 
and  much  bolder.  Their  figure  is  more 
agreeable,  their  countenances  have  not  that- 
narrownefs,  nor  their  cheeks  thofe  promi- 
nences which  are  fo  diiagreeable  among 
the  Hottentots ;  neither  have  they  the  broad 
flat  faces,  and  thick  lips  ot  the  inhabitants  of 
Mofambiquc  ;  they  tattoo  them  felvcs,  and 
never  grcafe  their  hair,  which  is  frizzled  in  a 
very  great  degree.  In  the  hot  feafon  they 
always  go  naked  ;  in  the  cold  weather  they 
wear  dreffes  made  of  calves'  or  ox  hides, 
which  reach  down  to  the  ground.  They 
{L'cni  to  undf  rftand  ioniethiiig  of  agriculture, 
and  entertain  a  very  exalted  idea  of  the  Su- 
preme Being,  believing  in  a  future  ftate  of 
rewards  to  the  good,  and  punifhment  to  the 
evil.  Their  arms  are  a  plain  lance  or  alTa- 
gay,  which  thev  throw  with  llirprifing  ikill 
and  torce.  They  are  goveined  by  kings 
■whole  power  is  hcreditarv,  but  very  circnm- 
fcribed,^  They  live  Icj  familiarly  amongft 
their  cattle,  and  Ipeak  to  them  with  lb  much 
mildn  efs,  that  they  pay  the  moll  perfci^f 
obedience  to  their  voice.  Among  the  ani- 
mals are  the  t7.e7,ciran,  or  blue  antelope, 
and  the  nou,  or  gnou,  a  beautiful  and  rare 
animal,  which  in  Ihape rclenxbles a Ihiall  ox; 


there  Is  alfoa  fmall  fpecies  of  antelope  called 
nou-metges,  which  feldom  appears  in  tlie  - 
plains,  but  keeps  itfelf  concealed  in  the 
bufhes,  and  thickeft  parts  of  the  forefts,  and 
is  at  the  utmoft  not  more  than  twelve  or  fif- 
teen inches  in  height.  Among  the  birds, 
are  oftriches,  buftards,  the  green  and  golden 
cuckow  of  the  Cape,  and  a  fpecies  of  fmall 
eagle,  with  a  long  red  bill,  the  back,  wings, 
and  tail  of  a  lively  blue,  which  feeds  upon 
infeds,  inhabits  the  woods,  and  makes  its 
nefts  in  hollow  trees.  Among  the  reptiles, 
is  the  golden  yellow  ferpent,  called  kooper- 
capel,  whofe  bite  is  mortal  ;  they  grow  to 
the  length  of  upwards  of  five  feet,  and  nine 
inches  in  the  circumference.  The  huts  of 
the  Caffres  are  more  fpacious  and  higher 
than  thofe  of  the  Hottentots,  and  of  a  more 
regular  form  ;  their  frames  are  conffrufled 
of  wood  work,  well  put  together,  and  plaf- 
tered  within  and  without,  with  a  mixture  of 
cow's  dung  and  clay.  The  v/omen  form 
velTels  of  clay,  and  weavebalketsof  lb  clofe 
a  texture,  as  to  contain  milk  or  water. 
They  principally  prepare  the  fields  for 
receiving  feed,  which  is  cliielly  millet. 

Cafv'i,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
of  Savolax.     75  miles  N.  Nyflot. 

Cagaday  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Spanifh 
Main.     I-ong.  79.47.  W.  Lat.  9.  40.  N. 

Cagada,  a  fmall  ifland  of  the  Well -Indies, 
near  the  north-eaft  coall  of  Porto  Rico. 
Long.  64.  10.  W.     Lat.  18.  33.  N. 

Cagafa,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Quito.     ^^  miles  ESE.  Lorca. 

Cagaya?!,  or  Cageati,  a  province  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  ifland  of  Lucon,  popu- 
lous and  fertile.  Bees  are  faid  to  be  fo  nu- 
merous, that  the  inhabitants  burn  wax,  in- 
flead  of  oil. 

Cagayari,  a  town  on  the  north-wefl  coafl 
of  the  iiland  of  Mindanao. 

Cagaylan  Jjlands,  two  fmall  iflands  in, 
that  part  of  the  Eafl: -Indian  ocean,  called 
the  fea  of  Mindoro.  Long.  121.  25. E.  Lat. 

Cagayan  Sooloo,  a  fmall  Ifland  In  the  Eaft- 
Ifdian  lea,  dependent  on  Sooloo.     Long. 
116.  50.  E.  Lut.  7.N. 
,  Cagclo^  a  town  of  Naples,    in   Calabria 
Ultra.     6  miles  SW.  Girace. 

.Caggar,  or  Kenker,  a  river  of  Ilindooftan, 
which  rifi^s  in  the  Gomaun  mountains,  in 
Long.  76.  40.  E.  Lat.  30.  45.  N.  and  runs 
into  the  fea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  gulf  of 
Cutch.     Long.  68.  5.  E.  Lat.  23.  5.  N. 

Cagli,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Urbino,  built  near  the  ruins  of  the 
ancient  Callium,  on  the  Cantiano  :  tlie  fee  of 
a  bifliop,  liiffragan  of  Urbino.  18  miles  S. 
Urbino,  28  NNE.  Perugia.  Long.  12.  39. 
E.  Lat.  43.  30.  N. 

Cagiiai-i,  a  feapbrt  tov/n  and  capital  of 
Sardinia,  lituuted  on  the  fouthern  part  oi  the 


CA  H 

Ifland,  with  a  large  and  fecure  harbour,  at 
the  bottom  of  a  gulf,  fcreened  by  a  fmall 
ifland,  called  Pietra  Laida,  and  defended 
with  a  caftleand  fortifications;  firft  found';d 
by  the  Carthaginians,  and  called  Carali^;. 
It  is  the  refidence  of  a  viceroy,  and  lee  cf 
an  archbifhop.  It  contains  five  churches, 
befides  the  cathedral,  three  of  which  are 
collegiate,  25  convents,  and  50,000  inh>;- 
bitants.  In  the  year  1708,  this  town  was 
attacked  by  the  Britifh  fleet,  u;ider  Sir  John 
Leak, for  the  ferviceof  the  archdukeCharles; 
and  the  inhabitantr  dreading  the  deftruflion 
of  the  town,  compelled  the  governor  to  fur- 
render,  after  a  few  /hot.  In  the  year  171 7, 
it  was  retaken  by  the  Spaniards,  and  foon 
afterwards  ceded  to  the  houfe  of  Savoy, 
kings  of  Sardinia.  Long.  9.  16.  E.  Lat. 
39-;.5.N. 

Cagmorry,  a  town  of  Bengal.  2,2  miles 
SE.  Kifhenagur. 

Cagtuxno,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Corfica. 
14  miles  N.  Baftia. 

Cagnario,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     3  miles  NNW.  Aquila. 

Cagfianoy  a  town  of  Italy.  15  miles  SSW. 
Brefcia. 

C^^/;»j-,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var.  5  miles  N.  Antibes,  6 
W.  Nice. 

Ccjgncte,  or  Caiieto,  or  Guarca,  a  town  of 
Peru,  and  principal  place  of  a  government 
of  the  fame  name,  which  extends  about  60 
miles  along  the  coaft,  in  the  audience  of 
Lima.  80  miles  SE.  Lima.  Long.  76.  16. 
W.    Lat.  13.  10.  S. 

Cagnicourt,  a  t.nvn  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Straits  of  Calais.  9  miles 
NNE.  Brapaume. 

Cagno,  a  town  of  the  county  of  Tyrol. 
10  miles  SW.  Bolzano. 

Cagnou,  a  town  of.  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Galam.    50  miles  SE.  Galam. 

Cagny,  fee  Boiiflen . 

Caguan,  a  town  of  South-America,  and 
capitaPof  a  diftrift,  in    the  viceroyalty  of" 
New-Grenada.     105  miles  S.  Santa  Fe  de 
Bogota.     Long.  72.  45-  W.  Lai.  2.  40.N. 

Ca^uanabo,  a  tov/n  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 
60  miles  NNE.  St.  Yago.  « 

Caguanico,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 
5^  miles  NNE.  St.  Yago. 

CagurriiZ,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre, 
on  a  fmall  river  whicn  furrounds  it,  and 
almoft  immediately  runs  into  the  Ebro,  18 
miles  NVV.  Calahorra. 

Caha,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  province  of 
Irak.     40  miles  NE.  Ilamadan. 

Cahabon,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Vera  Paz.     25  m.W.  Vera  Paz. 

Cahayago,  a  fmall  iiland  among  the  Phi- 
lippines, near  the  north  coall  of  the  ifland 
of  Samar.  Long.  laj.  8.  E  Lat.  i».  50.  N, 
■  Cakcde,  fee  liahed;. 


C  A  J 

Cahete,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the  province 

of  Minas  Geraes.    36  m.  NN VV.  Villa  Rica. 

Cakir,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic,  near 

the  weft  coaft  of  Ireland.     5  miles  S.  Clare 

Ifland.     Long.  c).  S3    W.  7,^/.  53.  44.  N. 

Cabirconree,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in 
the  county  of  Kerry,  between  Dingle  and 
Tralee. 

Ca-'lore,  pr  Kaloiir,  a  country  of  Ilin- 
dooftan,  lituatcd' on  both  fide-s  of  the  S  t- 
ledgc,  between  Lahore  and  the  Ilimmali.'h 
mountains.  In  tiie  yea;:  173.-'.,  this  couniry 
was  governed  by  a  woman,  under  the  title 
of  Ranee. 

Cahokl,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs  into 
into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  39.  46.  W.  Lnt. 
3.  ao.  S. 

Cahors,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diflridl,  in  ^he  department  of  the 
Lot ;  before  the  revolution  the  capital  of 
Quercy,  and  fee  of  a  bifhop  futfragan  of 
Alby  ;  fituated  on  the  Lot,  which  nearly  fur- 
rounds  it,  in  a  country  ceiebiated  :'o;  its 
wine,  which  affords  the  principal  article  of 
commerce.  It  contains  about  100,000  inha- 
bitants. In  1 159,  Cahors  was  taken  by  the 
Engliih;  and  Henry  IV.  took  this  town  by 
affiiult  in  1580,  when  mortars  were  hrlt 
made  ufe  of.  13^  pofts  N.  Touloufe,  and 
72  S.  Paris.  Long  1.32.  'E.Lat.  44.27.N. 

Cdhuapj7msy  a  town  of  South-America, 
in  tne  audience  of  Quito.  85  miles  S.  St. 
Francifco  de  Borja. 

Calndfa,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  the 
the  province  of  New  Leon.  360  miles  lV. 
Mexico.     Long.  roi.  30.  W.  Lat.  26.  N. 

Cahiui's  Key,  a  fmall  iflxndin  the  bay  of 
Honduras.   Long.  89.  15.  VV.  Lat.  16.5.  N. 

Qahufac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  5  miles- 
ENF.  Lauzun. 

C'jbuzacfur  Verre,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Tarn.  6  miles  N. 
Gaillac,  and  li.  NVV.  Alby. 

Caja.,  a  river  of  Portugal,  which  runs  into 
the  Guadiana,  7  miles  E.  Elvas. 

Caiac,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak-     64  miles  WSW.  Ifpahan. 

Cajana,  or  Cajania,  or  Cajanchorg,  a 
town  of  Sweden,  and  capital  of  Eaft-Bothnia, 
lituated  on  a  lake  on  thebjrders  of  Lapland, 
where  the  river  Pytia  forms  a  tremenaous 
cafcade.  It  contains  but  few  inhabitants, 
and  forms  part  of  a  parifh,  near  180  miles  in 
length,  and  46  in  breadth.  72  m.  SE.  Ulea. 
Long.  27.  32.  E.  Lat.  64.' 14.  N. 

Caianoy  a  town  of  Etruria.  9  m.WNVl''. 
Florence. 

Cajarc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart 
ment  of  the  Lot.     16  miles  E.  Cahors. 

Caiazacos,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 
4omdesV\'S'V  B.yamo. 

Cajazzo,  a  Lown  ui"  Naples,  in  the  Lav.ira, 
the  jce  of  a  bifiiop,  fuffragaa  of  Cajjua. 


C  A  I 


C  A  I 


S  miles  JTE.  Capua,  ao  W.  Naples.    Long. 
14.  17.  E.  Lat-  41.  12.  N. 

Caihar,  fee  Kkaihar.  _ 

Cciico,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  25 
miles  SE.  Bayamo. 

Caicos,  or  C^rysr,  a  clufler  of  fmall  iflands 
or  rocks,  called  Little  and  Great  Caicos, 
between  St.  Domingo  and  the  Bahama  iflands. 
Long.  73.  W.  Lat.  21.  36.  N. 

Caie,  a  river  of  Syria,  which  pafles  by  Alep- 
po and  Old  Aleppo,  and  lofes  itfelf  in  a  lake 
near  Akleh. 

CajeeguryZtovin  ofBootan.  38  miles  N. 
Dinagcpour. 

Cajeviy  fee  Kahem. 

Cajcli,  a  town  fituated  on  a  gulf  or  bay 
to  which  it  gives  name,  on  the  iidc  of  the 
ifland  of  Bouvo,  in  the  Indian  fea;  being  the 
capital  of  the  ifland,  it  is  alfo  called  Bouro. 
Long.  127.  30.  E.  Lat.  3.  24.  S. 

Cajeivra,  a  town  of  Hindooltan,in  Oude. 
24  miles  E.  Fyzabad. 

Caifa,  or  Caipba,  or  Haifa,  a  feaport 
town'of  Palcftine,  iituated  on  the  ibuth  iide 
of  the  Bay  of  Acre.  This  place  was  for 
feveral  years  only  amifcrablc  village,  fprung 
from  tlie  ruins  of  the  ancient  city  of  the 
fame  name,  and  conftructed  with  the  re- 
mains of  ils  materials.  At  prefent  it  is  de- 
fended towards  the  fea  by  walls,  built  fince 
it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  chief  of  Acre, 
who  has  ftrengthencd  it  with  a  otadcl,  and 
efliabliflied  a  cuftom-houfe  in  it.  This  city 
prefents  nothing  remarkable  to  the  obfcrver, 
as  it  contains  only  a  kind  of  huts  thrown 
together  without  any  order.  It  is  governed 
by  an  Arab  lord,  who  difchargcs  at  the 
fame  time  the  duties  of  commiirioncr  of 
excife.  The  inhabitants  are  Mahomedans, 
Catholics,  and  Greeks.  This  city  exafls  a 
certain  tribute  from  fuch  travellers  as  are 
dcflrous,  either  through  motives  of  devotion 
or  curiofitv,  to  vifit  the  church  dedicated  to 
the  Virgin  Mary  of  Mount  Carmel.  The 
EiToptans  fettled  at  Caifa  are  exempted 
from  this  impofition,  which  is  required  only 
from  flrangerr.  In  the  neighbourhood  may 
be  feen  tlie  remains  of  the  ancient  Caifa, 
called  alfo  Porphiry  in  tlie  time  of  the  Chriit- 
ianj:.  It  was  the  feat  of  a  bifhop,  fuffragan 
to  th.it  of  Tyre,  and  was  delfroyed  by  Sala- 
diu.  Nothing  is  now  left  of  it  but  the  ruins 
of  the  metropolitan  ciiurch,  cDncerning 
which  no  certain  account  can  be  given.  All 
the  houfes  are  demoliflied,  not  excepting 
tliofe  even  built  (irice  tluit  period  by  the 
Turks,  v/l'.o  have  now  quitted  it,  and  gone 
to  ellabliih  tlicmfelves  at  New  Qaifa.  ""Ac- 
cording to  ll)me  geographers,  and  particu- 
Jaily  I'tolcrny,  it  v.'ould  appear  that  this 
ancient  city  was  formerly  Sieaminon;  and 
tliis  conj^t'hire  flems  probable,  when  it  is 
cenHtieied  that  tl:ere  Im  no  fpot  but  that  on 
■whi^l)   it   Hands,    beiwcen   rtolcnuis    and 


Mount  Carmel,  proper  for  containing  a  city : 
nothing  appears  to  the  eye  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood but  fandy  plains,  which  are  too 
much  flibje<5t  to  be  moved  by  the  wind,  to 
ferve  as  a  foundation  even  for  a  cottage. 
Ships  employed  to  tranfport  goods  to  Acre, 
are  freighted  diredly  for  that  city;  becauie 
there  are  always  confuls  and  mercliants 
ref^ding  there,  and  becaufe  the  inhabitants 
of  that  place  commit  the  charge  of  their 
goods  only  to  vefTels  deflined  for  Europe, 
is'otwithflanding  this,  tlic  captains  well 
know  that  they  ought  not  to  land  at  Acre, 
but  at  Caifa,  which  is  diftant  about  eight 
miles,  and  fkuated  in  the  fame  gulf.  As 
the  port  of  Acre  has  been  choaked  up  by  rub- 
bilh,  it  is  not  capable  of  receiving  large  vef- 
fels;  and  it  would  be  expofing  them  to  too 
much  danger  to  leave  them  on  the  coail, 
whilfl:  Caifa  prefents  them  with  a  very  con- 
venient harbour  in  the  neigbourhood.  It 
has  however  been  fettled,  fome  veiirs  fince, 
that  vefTels  fhould  calf  anchor  oppofitc  to 
the  port  of  Acre,  from  the  month  of  May  to 
September  inclufive.  During  the  other 
feven  months  they  muft  ablolutely  load  and 
unload  at  Caifa  the  merchandize  of  Acre, 
which  is  traniported  fucceliively  from  one 
place  to  another,  by  means  of  fmall  barks. 
This  place  was  likevv'ile  anciently  called 
Ephe,  Kephe,  Caphe,  and  Gabe.  8  miles 
SW.Acre.  Long.  t,s-  io-E.  Lat.  32.44.N. 

Caigurra?!  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  call  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Lu^on.  Long.  122.  18.  E. 
Lat.  16.  58.  N. 

Caique  Grand,  a  fmall  ifland  among  the 
Bahamas.     Long.  71.0.E.  Z^/.  19.50.  N. 

Caique  Little,  a  fmall  ifland,  fbuth-wefl  of 
Grand  Caique. 

Cai-kicn,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  the  pro\ince  of  Quang-tong.  46 
miles  NW.  Tchao-king. 

Cailack  Point,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on  the 
rorth-weil:  coaft  of  the  county  of  Rofs.  7 
miles  E.  Udrigil  Head. 

Cai-fong,  or  Kai-fofig,  a  city  of  China, 
and  capital  of  the  province  of  Ho-nan, 
Iituated  at  the  dillance  of  two  leagues  from 
the  river  Hoang-ho  ;  but  the  ground  around 
it  is  fb  low  that  the  river  is  higher  than  the 
qity.  To  prevent  inundations,  ilrong  dykes 
have  been  railed,  which  extend  more  than 
90  miles.  This  city  having  been  befieged 
in  1642,  by  an  army  of  ioo,coo  rebels, 
headed  by  one  Ly-tcluiang,  the  commander 
of  the  troops  lent  to  relieve  it,  formed  the 
fatal  dclign  of  drowning  the  enemy,  by 
breaking  down  the  large  dyke  of  Hoang-ho: 
this  Itratagem  fuccceded;  but  at  the  lame 
time  the  city  was  overflowed,  and  the  inun- 
dation waslo  violent  and  fudden,  that  it  de- 
ffroycd  300,000  inhabitants.  It  appears  by 
the  ruins,  which  ftill  fublilf,  that  Cai-fong^ 
mull  then  have  been  9  miles  in  civcumfe- 


C  A  I 


C  A  I 


rence.  It  has  been  rebuilt,  fince  this  diimnl 
event,  but  in  a.  ftyle  far  inferior  to  its  former 
magnificence.  Nothing  at  prefent  dillin- 
gU'lhcs  it  from  ordinary  ciaes  but  the  extent 
of  its  jurii'diiltion,  which  coniprchends  four 
cities  of  the  lecond  clafs,  and  thirty  of  the 
third.  3ij;  miies  SW.  Pckin.  Long.  114. 
28.  E.   Lc!^  34-52'  N. 

CailieTireuth,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
biihopric  of  Bamberg.  4  miles  W.  Goiz- 
v/cnliin. 

Caino,  a  town  of  I;aly,  in  tire  department 
of  the  Mela.     7  miles  N.  Brcfcia. 

Cajoura,  a  town  of  Bengal.  18  miies 
WSW.  Mahmudpour. 

Cai-pi/i'g,  a  town  of  China,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Pe-tche-li.     22  miles  WSW.  Lan. 

Ca}-U:heoH,  a  city  of  Chinefe  Tartary,  on 
tiie  gulf  of  Le.iotong.  240  milc=;  E.  Peking. 
Long.  121.53,  E.  Z.(7/.  41.  30.  N. 

Cai-fchang,  a  town  of  Aiia,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Corea.     30  miles  NW.  King-kitao. 

Cai-yucH,  a  town  of  Ciiinefc  Tartary,  in 
the  province  of  Leaotong.  3  76milesENE. 
Peking.  Long.  123.  41. E.  Lat.\.z.  40.  N. 

Cailhau^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aude.     9  m.  SW.  CarcafTonne. 

Cailkir,  (La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Vendee.  13  miles  NE. 
Lu^on. 

Cailly,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine.  10  miies  NNE. 
Rouen. 

f  i^//?,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Perfia. 
240  miles  W.  Grmus. 

Cahnan,  fee  Cayman. 

Cai-phig,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Quang-tong.  34  m.  S.  Tchao-king. 

Caira,  a  river  of  South-America,  which 
runs  into  the  Oroonoko,  Long.  65.  W.  Lat. 
7.16.  N. 

Ca'irney,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the  county 
of  Aberdeen;  the  iinen  manu{ad:urehas  been 
lately  introduced,  and  bids  fair  to  flouiiih. 
8  miles  W.  Aberdeen. 

Cairngcirra.,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in 
the  north-eaft  part  of  the  county  of  Invcr- 
nefs,  famous  for  the  beautiful  pebbles  found 
there,  iomz  of  which  are  capable  of  re- 
ceiving a  high  polifh. 

Cairnfniocr,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in 
the  county  of  Kircudbright,  i  j  miies  SS  W. 
New  Galloway. 

Cairnhnlg,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Scotland,  in  the  county  of  Aberdeen.  Long. 
I.  51.  W.  Lat.r,-].  36.  N. 

Cairo,  ox  El  Kahlrak.  a  city  and  capital  of 
Egypt,  founded  in  the  year  973,  bv  Jaawar 
a)  Gauhar,  or  Gaifar,  general  of  Moezz 
Ledinillah,  the  firft  Fatemite  kalif.  It  is 
fituatcdon  a  canal  cut  from  the  river  Nile  to 
the  Red  fea,  in  the  beginning  of  the  8th 
century,  by  Amrou,  general  of  the  kalif 
Omar,  after  he  had  taken  Babylon.    The 


walls  are  faid  to  have  been  built  two  centiT- 
ries  afterwards  by  Sultan  Sahidin.  This  ca- 
nal at  prelent,  tlirough  ncgle(5f,  reach.es  no 
further  than  the  Biiki^t  el  Hadji,  or  Lake  of 
the  Pilgrims.  Cairo  is  a  mile  to  the  call  of 
the  river,  extends  about  two  miles  towards 
the  mountain,  and  is  about  fevcn  in  circum- 
ference The  canal  that  comes  out  of  the 
Nile  at  Cld  Cairo,  runs  ail  through  the  city, 
though  it  is  feen  only  from  the  t\ick  of  the 
houf-s  that  are  built  on  it ;  for  though  there 
are  fcveral  bridges  over  It,  yet  there  are 
houfes  built  on  each  fide  of  tljem,  fo  as  to 
intercept  the  view  of  the  canal,  but  when  it 
is  dry,  it  is  as  a  ftreet,  along  which  the  com- 
mon people  frequently  go  ;  however  towards 
the  time  it  begins  to  dry,  it  is  a  bad  neigh- 
bour, as  a  ftcnch  arifes  from  it  that  is  very 
difagrecablc  to  thofe  thatliveon  it,  andn)ufl 
be  unwholeibme.  In  the  15th  century,  it 
was  one  of  the  richeff  and  mod  flourifhing 
cities  in  the  v/orld  ;  the  emporium  of  Ev;vpt 
and  Afia,  with  merchants  that  traded  from 
India  to  the  ftraits  of  Gibraltar ;  canab 
were  made  to  affill  its  commerce,  and  arts 
and  fciences  were  cultivated.  It  was  takca 
by  the  fultan  Schm,  in  the  year  iji^i 
and  has  from  that  time  been  fubjed:  to  the 
Turks,  and  governed  by  a  pacha.  The 
pacha  has  only  a  nomin;il  authority,  the 
real  power  relides  in  the  beys,  or  governors 
of  provinces:  tliefe  are  at  prefent  the  fove- 
reigns  of  Egypt,  for  'he  Grand  Seignior's 
reprefentative  is  a  phantom,  with  whom  they 
Iport ;  they  keep  him  to  ferve  their  cv^-ii 
purpofes,  then  diiir.ifs  him  with  fiiame.  He 
cannot  leave  his  palace,  in  which  he  is  a  pri- 
foner,  without  perniiflion.  The  caille  of 
Cairo  frands  on  a  fteep  rock,  and  is  fur- 
rounded  with  thick  walls,  on  which  are 
flrong  towers.  It  was  a  place  of  great  force 
before  the  invention  of  gunpowder;  but  be- 
ing commanded  by  the  neighbouring  moun- 
tains, it  would  not  lliand  the  fire  of  a  battery 
creeled  there  two  hours.  It  is  more  than 
the  fourth  of  a  league  in  circumference  ;  the 
rock  being  fleep,  there  are  two  roads  cut  to 
it,  which  lead  to  doors  guarded  by  afTabs 
and  janiflhries.  The  firfl:  watch  the  lower 
part  of  the  fortrefs,  and  the  others  what  is 
properly  called  the  citadel ;  whence,  with 
fix  wretched  pieces  of  artillery,  turned  oa 
the  pacha's  apartment,  they  oblige  him  to 
retire,  a:s  foon  as  tlie  beys  have  given  the 
command.  Jofenh's  well,  made  bv  a  vizier 
of  that  name,  about  700  years  fince,  by 
order  of  Sultan  Mahomet,  is  among  the 
things  the  moil  curious  the  caftle  contains. 
It  is  funk  in  the 'rock  280  feet  deep,  and 
40  in  circumference.  It  includes  two  exca- 
vations, not  perpendicular  to  each  other. 
A  llaircale,  the  defcent  of  which  is  exceed- 
ingly gentle, -is  carried  round  ;  the  partition 
wliich  li^paratcs  tliis  ilaircale  from  the  well 


C  A  2 


C  A  I 


is  pnrt  of  the  rock,  left  only  fix  inches  thick, 
v/it,h  windows  cut  at  intervals  to  give  light: 
but  as  they  are  fmall,  and  fonie  of  them  low, 
it  is  neccfrary  to  defcend  by  the  light  of  can- 
dies.    There  is  a  refervoir,  and  a  level  Ipace, 
at  that  part  of  the  well  where  it  takes  a  new 
direftion;  and  oxen   which  turn  a  machine 
that  dsaws  water  from  the  bottom  of  the  well. 
Other  oxen  above  raife  it  from  this  refervoir 
by  a  fimilar  machine.  This  water  comes  from 
tiie  Nile ;  and,  as  it  had  been  hltercd  through 
f.tnd  impregnated  withfalt  and  nitre, is  brack- 
iih.    Contrary  to  the  general  cuftom  of  the 
fair,  the  houfcs  have  two  and  three  ftories, 
over  which  is  a  terrace  of  ftone  or  tiles ;  in 
general  they  are  of  earth  and  bricks_ badly 
burnt;  the   reft  are  of  foft  ftone,  of  a  fine 
grain,  procured  from  a  neighbouring  moun- 
tain.    All  thefe  houfes  have  the  air  of  pri- 
fons,  for  they  have  no  light  from  the  ftreet; 
as  it  is  extiemely  dangerous  to  have  many 
windows  in  I'uch  a  countiy,  they  take  every 
precaution  to  make  the  entering  door  very 
low.    The  rooms  within  are  ill  contrived. 
Among  the  great,  however,  are  to  be  found 
a  few  ornaments  and  conveniences  ;  their 
vaft  halls,  efpecially,  in  which  water  fponts 
tip  into  marble  bafons,  are  peculiarly  well 
adapted  tb  the  chmate.     The  paved  floor, 
inlaid  with   maible  and  coloured  earthen- 
ware, is  covered  with  mats  and  mattrafles; 
and   over  ail  is  fprcad   a  rich   carpet,  on 
which  they   fit   crofi-legged.     Around  the 
wall  is  a  fort  of  fofa,  with  cufliions  to  fup- 
port  the  back   and  elbows;    and  above,  at 
the  height  of  7  or  8  teet,  a  range  of  fiielves, 
decked  out  Vv'ith  China  and  Japanefe  porce- 
lain.   The  walls,  naked  in  other  reipefts, 
are  chequered  with  fentences  extrafted  from 
the  Koran,  and  painted  foliage  and  flowers, 
with  which  alio  the  porticos  of  the  beys  are 
covered;    the  windows  have   neither  gials 
■  nor  moving  faflics,  but  only  an  open  lattice 
work.      The  light  enters  from    the   inner 
courts,  from   whence  the  fycamores  refieft 
a  verdure  pleafing  to  the  eye.     An  opening 
to  the  north,  or   at   the  top  of  the  ceiling, 
admits    a    rcfrefiiiiig    breeze    wliile,    by  a 
whimilcal  contradidion,   they  wrap  them» 
felves  up  in  warm  woollen  cloths  and  fors. 
I^fjiig.  31.  21.  E.  Lai.  30.  3.  N. 

Cairo,  {Old.,)  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the 
right  bank  ol  the  Nile,  built  near  the  lite  of 
the  ancient  town  ot  Babylon,  by  Amrou,  ge- 
neral of  Kalit  Omar,  and  by  him  called 
Fdtlhath,  which  fignilies  tent,  being  tiie 
fpot  where  lie  encamped  when  he  belicgcd 
Babylon.  It  is  now  reduced  to  a  fmali  com- 
pafs,  not  above  two  nulcs  round  ;  it  is  the 
port  for  the  boats  that  come  from  Upper 
pgypt.  Some  of  the  beys  have  a  lort  of 
countrv-houfes  here,  to  which  tliey  retire 
at  the  time  of  the  h.igh  Nile.  In  Old  Cairo 
;»e  the  gramuios,  cuuiuiunly  called  Jollph'sj 


they  are  only  fquare  courts,  encompaffeJ 
with  walls  about  15  feet  high,  ftrengthened 
with  femicircular  buttreffes -;  they  Item  ori- 
ginally to  have  been  built  of  ftone,  but  now 
a  great  part  of  them  is  of  brick.  Thefe 
courts  are  filled  v/ith  corn,  leaving  only 
rooni  to  enter  at  the  door;  the  grain  is  co- 
vered over  with  matting,  and  there  is  a 
flight  fence  made  round  the  top  of  the 
w  alls  of  canes,  which  probably  was  defign- 
ed  in  order  to  difcover  if  any  people  had 
got  over  the  walls.  The  locks  of  the  doors 
alfo  are  covered  over  with  clay,  and  fealed. 
As  the  birds  fometimes  get  to  the  corn, 
the  keepers  of  the  granaries  are  allowed 
a  certain  quantity  on  that  account.  They 
fay  there  were  feven  of  thefe  granaries,  and 
the  remains  of  fome  of  them  are  turned  to 
other  ufes,  this  being  the  only  one  now  ufed 
for  corn,  which  is  what  is  brought  down  from 
Upper  Egyntfor  the  ufe  of  the  foldiers,  and 
diftributed  out  to  them  as  part  of  their  pay, 
and  they  ufually  fell  it.  At  the  north  end  of 
Old  Cairo  is  the  building  for  raifing  the 
water  of  the  Nile  to  the  aqueduft ;  it  is  a 
very  magnificent  plain  fabric,  laid  to  be 
eredted  by  Champion,  the  immediate  pre- 
deceflor  of  the  laft  of  the  Mamaluke  kings. 
Oppolite  to  this  refervoir  of  water  at  the 
Nile,  is  the  canal  that  conveys  the  water  to 
Cairo,  and  feems  to  be  that  which  was  made 
by  Trajan.  Near  the  mouth  of  it  they  per- 
form the  ceremony  of  cutting  or  opening 
the  canal,  by  breaking  down  the  mound 
they  make  acrols  it  every  year ;  this  is  done 
Avith  g'cat  rejoicing,  when  the  Nile  is  at 
a  certain  height;  and  there  is  a  tradition 
that  they  formerly  facrificed  a  virgin  every 
year,  v/hen  they  performed  this  ceremony. 
There  are  about  tv/elve  churches  belonging 
to  the  Caphis  in  Old  Cairo,  moflly  in  one 
quarter  of  the  town,  inhabited  by  Chiiltians. 
There  is  alfo  a  fynagogue  faid  to  have  been 
built  about  1600  years  ago,  in  the  manner  it 
now  is,  which  is  much  like  the  churches.  The 
mofque  Amrah,  to  the  north-eaft  of  Old 
Cairo,  is  faid  to  have  been  a  church  ;  there 
are  near  four  hundred  pillars,  which,  with 
their  capitals,  feem  to  have  been  collected 
from  feveral  ancient  buildings. 

Cah'o,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tanaro.  It  heretofore  belonged 
to  the  dutchy  of  Montferrat,  and  in  April 
1796  was  taken  by  tiie  French.  12  miles  E. 
Ccva,  18  S.  Acqui. 

Cairoan,  or  A'a/i-'iva/i,  a  town  of  Africa, 
in  the  country  ot  Tunis,  and  only  fecond  to 
that  city  for  trade  and  number  of  inhabi- 
tants; fituated  in  a  barren  fandy  defert,  where 
are  found  many  veftigcs  of  former  magnifi- 
cence. At  half  a  furlong  from  the  city, 
there  is  a  capacious  pond  ancTciftern,  built 
for  the  reception  of  rain-water:  but  the  pond, 
which  is  the  chief  proviiion  tor  theu  ciittlc,' 


C  A  I 

and  ordinary  nfcs,  as  the  odier  is  for  their 
own  drinking,  being  dried  up,  or  die  begin- 
ning to  putntv  about  the  middle  of  the  fum- 
mer  fe.ifon,  it  fiequentiv  Ovzcafions  agues, 
fevers,  and  various  otlier  dilliempers.  There 
are  at  Cairoan  feveral  fragments  of  ancient 
architefl'ure;  and  the  great,  mofque,  which 
is  accounted'  to  be  the  molt  magniiicent  as 
•well  as  the  moll  facred  in  Earbary,  is  fup- 
ported  by  an  alnioll  incredible  nun^er  of 
granite  pillars.  The  inhabitants  told  Dr. 
Shaw  (for  a  Chrillian  is  not  permitted  in 
Barbarv  to  enter  the  mofques  of  the  Maho- 
metans) that  there  were  no  fewer  than  five 
hundred.  Yet  among  the  great  variety  of 
columns,  and  other  ancient  materials  that 
were  employed  in  this  large  and  beautiful 
flru(ft;;re,  he  could  not  be  informed  of  one 
fingle  infcription.  The  infcriptions  likewiie 
■which  he  found  in  other  places,  were  either 
fo  much  filled  up  withcemeiit,  or  otherwife 
defaced,  that  the  ancient  name  was  not  to 
.  be  found  upon  any  of  tlie  lurviving  antiqui- 
\  ties.  However,  as  Cairoan  is  (ituated  be- 
twixt Tifdrus  and  Adrumetum,  (though 
nearer  the  latter,)  by  the  diltance  of  it  like- 
wife  from  the  river  Mcrgalecl,  the  Aquh 
Rcg'ils  (as  we  may  fuppofe  tliem  to  be)  of  the 
ancients,  it  v/as  probably  the  Vico  Augiijli 
of  the  Itinerary.  As  for  the  prelent  name, 
it  feems  to  be  the  fame  with  Caravan;  and 
might  therefore  originally  iignify  the  place 
whe'  e  the  Arabs  found  their  principal  ftation 
in  conquering  this  part  of  Africa.  60  miles 
S.Tunis,  180  ESE.  Conllantina.  Long.  ^. 
57.E.  Z«/.  35^.  36.  N. 
Cat  far,  lee  C^vfarea. 
Cajinm,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  30 
miles  ESE.  Villa  del  Principe. 

Caijlor,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lincnln- 
fhire,  with  860  inhabitants.  17  miles  NNE. 
Lincoln,  157  N.  London. 

Calthnefsi  a  county  of  Scotland,  bounded 
on  the  north,  ealf,  and  fouth-eaff  by  the  fea, 
and  on  the  fouth-wefl  and  well  by  the  county 
of  Sutherland.  The  form  is  an  irregular  tri- 
angle, its  length  from  north  to  fouth  3  6  jniles 
and  its  breadth  about  20.  '  At  the  north-ealt 
extremity  is  John-a-Groat's  Houfe,  a  village, 
from  whence  is  the  general  pafl'age  to  the 
Orkney  iflands,  v/hlch  is  feparated  by  what 
is  called  Pentland  Frith,  about  iz  miles  dif- 
tant  from  the  coaft  of  Caithnefs.  The  air 
is  fliarp  and  piercing  in  winter,  but  mild 
and  lercne  in  Ibmmer.  In  the  month  of 
June,  it  i?  ib  light  for  I'everal  nightstogether, 
that  the  fmallelt  print  may  be  read  at  mid- 
night. The  coafts  have  many  bays  and 
capes;  the  interior  part  is  mountainous; 
but  lome  parts  are  low  and  produce  corn, 
&;c.  for  exportation.  There  are  but  f-^w 
woods,  and  none  which  yield  what  may  be 
properly  called  timber.  The  mountains 
abound  v/ith  red  deer,  roebucks,  and  black 


.  C  A  L 

cattle, with  eagles,  andvarious  kindsofgamc. 
T.'herc  are  fevcral  rivers,  and  many  loclis, 
which  afford  a  variety  of  excellent  filh. 
The  Imall  iflands  of  Stroma  and  Pintland 
Skerries,  belong  to  this  county-  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Thurfo  and  Wick,  from 
which  laftil  is  fometimes  called  the  county 
of  Wick.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants was  20,609,  of  whom  2  201  were  em- 
ployed in  trade  and  manufaclures,  and  13,263 
in  agriculture. 

Caith>h'fs-,  (Ord  ofi)  a  cape  on  the  eaft 
coafl  of  Scotland,  at  the  fouihcrn  extreniitv 
of  the  county  of  Caithnefs,  and  north-ealt 
point  of  the  county  of  Sutherland.  Long, 
3.  13.  W.  Lat.  58.  12.  N. 

Caitiai,  a  town  of  Upper  Siam.  7  miles 
S.  Porfelouc. 

Caivano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Lavora.  5 
miles  N.  Naples. 

C^/.Y,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.     12  miles  E.  Amiens. 

Cakenol,  a  town  of  Hindooihm,  in  Gol- 
conda.     26  miles  WSW.  Hydrabad. 
Cakei  fee  Kakct. 

Cala,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country  of 
Seville,  on  the  borders  of  Eilramadura.  14 
miles  S.  Lerena. 

Cala,  a  town  of  HindooHan.  10  miles  SE. 
Travancore. 

Cala,  fee  El  CalLih. 
Calaat  d  Accaha,  fee  Accaha. 
Calaat  el  Adjerud,  fee  Adjcrud. 
Calaat  el  Aouz,  a  fortrefs-  of  Arabia.     9® 
miles  S,  Calaat  el  Moilah. 

Calaat  Erroan,  a  fortrefs  of  Syria,  re- 
ported to  have  b.:en  fo  flrong,  thatTimur 
Bee  did  not  think  it  prudent  to  attack  it. 
50  miles  N.Aleppo. 

Calaat  Ijlani,  a  fortrefs  of  Arabia.  40 
miles  S.  Calaat  el  Moilah. 

Calaat  el  Moilah,  a  ff)itrefs  of  Arabia 
Petrsea,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Red  fea.  60 
miles  S.  Accaba.  Long.  2*)-  54.  E.  Lat. 
28.  lo.N. 

Calaat  cl  Mouheleh,  a  fortrefs  of  Arabia, 
on  the  coalt  of  the  Red  fea.  40  miles  S. 
Accaba. 

Calaat  el  Nahel,  a  fortrefs  of  Arabia,  on 
the  borders  of  Egypt.  80  miles  NNW. 
Accaba,  jio  E.  Cairo. 

Calaat  el  Negiter,  a  fortrefs  of  Afiatic  Tur- 
key, in  the  government  of  Diarbekir,  on 
the  Euphrates.     42  miles  W.  Racca. 

Calaat  el  IVed,  a.  town  of  Fez.  25  miles 
SW.  Mejerda. 

Calabar,  fee  Calhari. 
Calahezo,  a  town  of  South-America,   in 
the  province  of  Caraccas.  120  miles  S.  Leon 
de  Caraccas. 

Calahezo,  a  river  of  South-America,  v/hick 
joins  thePortuguella,  50  miles  S.  Calabczo. 

Calahite,  or  Calavite,  a  fir.all  ifland  among 
the  Philippines,  a  little  to  the  S.of  Mindoro. 


C  A  L 


C  A  L 


C.tlahrefc,  a  mountain  of  Naples,  in  Cala- 
bria Citra.     la  mile''  ESE.  Cofenza. 

Cc.ljhria  Citra,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Naples,  bounded  on  the  north 
bv  the  Bai'ilicata,  on  the  eaft  by  the  gulf  of 
T.ircnto,  on  thelbuth  bv  Calabria  Ultra,  and 
on  the  weft  by  tlie  Meditsrranean  and  a 
.  fmail  part  of  the  Principato  Citra.  Itabounds 
in  excellent  fruit,  corn,  wine,  oil,  hemp, 
cotton,  flax,  faffron,  honey,  fait,  wool,  filk, 
;uid  manna.  There  ai^e  fome  mines  of  gold 
and  filver,  but  poor  ;  thofe  of  lead  and  iron 
are  more  produ(5live.  In  feveral  places  are 
found  fulphur,  alabafher,  andcryftal.  Hogs 
and  (lieen  are  numerous.  The  coafts  are 
defended  by  towers.  The  principal  towns 
are  Cofenza,  Umbriatico,  Bifignano,  Caflano, 
Scalea,  Cariati,  RofTano;  the  principal  ri- 
Tcrs  arethe  Sacciero,  Sano,  Cochile,  Gralti, 
Nero,  and  Fruinto;  all  of  which  empty  them- 
felves  into  the  fea.  • 

Catahrta  Ultra,  a  province  of  Naples, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Calabria  Citra,  on 
the  eaft,  fouth,  and  weft,  by  the  Mediterra- 
nean fca.  The  produflions  are  nearly  the 
fame  as  thofe  of  Calabria  Citra.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Catanzaro,  Crotona,  St. 
Severina,  St.  Eufemia,  Girace,  Squillacc, 
.  Nicaitro,  and  Reggio.  The  principal  rivers 
,  are  the  Amalto,  Maturo,  and  the  Metramo. 

Calahrifa,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  the  Morca.  38  miles  W.  Corinth,  40  E. 
Chiarenza. 

CafahritOy  a  town  of  Najiles,  in  the  Prin- 
cipato Citra.     8  miles  ENE.  Acerno. 

Calacad,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  13  miles 
SSW.  Tinevelly. 

Calaccrl,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  45  miles 
!N.  Travancorc. 

Calacherbi,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irak.     125  miles  W.  Hamadan. 

Calacuccio,  a  town  of  the  illand  of  Corlica. 
ID  miles  N.  Corte. 

Calngdo,  a  town  on  theE.  coaftof  the  ifland 
of  Mindanao.  Lonv;.  i  v6.  3.E.  I,cit.<).x-j.  N. 

Calagtnchra.,  a  fmall  iliand  near  the  coalt 
of  Sardinia.  Long.  9.  57. E.  /.«/.  40.  25.N. 

Calahnt,  fee  Kalhat. 

Calahorra,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caf- 
tilc,  near  the  fouth  fide  of  the  Ebro,  on  the 
borders  of  Navarre.  It  is  the  lee  of  a  billiop, 
fmd  contains  three  parifh  churches  and  three 
convents.  In  the  year  of  Rome  682,  this 
town,  then  called  Cul'i^urri!,  fiding  with 
S'^rtorius,  was  befieged  bv  Afranius,  one  of 
I*ompev's  generals,  and  the  inhabitants  dti- 
vcn  to  fuel)  extremities  that  they  fed  on  their 
wives  and  their  cl'.ildren;  whence  the  Ro- 
mans were  wont  to  call  any  grievous  famine 
Javics  Cidag:trrita}:a.  At  length  the  tovv^n 
was  taken  by  itorm,  the  houfes  dcmolin\..'d, 
and  mofl  of  the  inhabitants  put  to  the  fv/ord. 
(52  miles  NVV.  Saragoifi,  136  NNE.Madad. 
l.o::g.  2.  W.  Lat.\z,  i6.  N. 


C(diijockit  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Eaft- 
Bothnia.     25  miles  WSW.  Braheftad. 

Calais,  a  feaport  tov/n  of  France,  and 
principal  place  of  a  difhridt,  in  the  depart- 
ment  of  the  Straits  of  Calais,  ftrongly  forti- 
fied and  defended  with  a  citadel.  The  har- 
bour is  too  much  obftrucfted  witli  fand  to 
admit  large  vefTels,  or  even  common  mer- 
chant veflels,  except  at  high  water.  In  time 
of  peace  here  are  regular  packets  for  the 
mail  to  and  from  England;  and  other  pafTage 
boats  are  continually  palling  between  this 
place  and  Dover.  It  has  a  communication, 
by  means  of  canals,  with  St.  Omers,  Grave- 
lines,  Bourbourg,  Dunkirk,  &c.  In  the  year 
1228,  it  began  to  be  fortified,  being  before  a 
village  belonging  to  thecounty  of  Boulogne. 
In  the  year  1308,  it  was  furrounded  v.ith 
walls;  and  in  1347,  was  fo  ftrong,  that 
Edward  III.  king  of  England,  could  only 
take  it  by  famine.  It  condnued  attached  to 
the  Englifli  crown  till  the  year  ijjjS,  when 
it  was  takf:n  by  the  Duke  of  Guile.  By  the 
treaty  at  Chateau  Cambrefis,  it  was  agreed, 
that  Calais  Ihould,  after  the  expiration  of 
eight  years,  be  reftored  to  England  ;  and  at 
the  expiration  of  that  term  Queen  Elizabeth 
fent  Ibme  troops  to  recover  it,  but  the  fur- 
render  was  refufed  ;  becaufe,  five  years  be- 
fore, the  Englifh  l:ad  taken  Havre,  and  vio- 
lated the  terms  of  the  treaty.  In  the  year 
1596,  it  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards,  under 
the  conduift  of  the  Archduke  Albert,  but  was 
reftored  two  years  after  by  the  peace  of  Ver- 
vins.  Calais  was  bombarded  by  the  Englifh 
under  Sir  Cloudefly  Shovel,  in  the  year  1694, 
but  without  fuifaining  much  damage.  It  con- 
tains onlv  one  parifh,  and  between  4000  and 
jGco  inhcJoitants.  5  pofts  SW.  Dunkirk, 
34^7  N.  Paris.  Long.  i.  5  7.E.  Lat.  50.  57. N. 

Calalah,  a  town  of  Candahaa".  10  miles 
E.  Paifliawar. 

Cala?na,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     6  miles  NE.  Reggio. 

Calainarca,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  dioccfe 
of  La  Paz.     22  miles  S.  La  Paz. 

^  Calaviat,  a  town  of  PeVfia,  in  the  province 
of  Mecran,  on  the  coalt.  60  miles  E.  Gua- 
del.     /,'7;;^^  63.  4.  E.     Z-rt'^.  25.  20.  N. 

Ca]a7iiata,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  the  Morea,  on  the  river  SpiTiazza;  taken 
by  the  Venetians  in  1685,  but  fince  retaken, 
with  the  reft  of  the  Morea,  by  the  Turks. 
13  miles  W.  Mifitra. 

Calamhiei,  or  Cal.vniancs,  a  clufter  of 
ifiands  in  the  Indian  fea,  among  thofe  called 
the  Philippine  Ijlands ;  they  are  feventeen 
in  number,  one  of  which  is  30  miles  long, 
and  13  broad,  divided  betv/een  the  King  of 
Borneo  and  the  Spaniards,  with  fome  inde- 
pendent natives  in  the  interior  parts,  who 
live  without  chiefs  and  without  laws:  they 
arc  black,  and  have  no  fixed  places  of  abode. 
About  1.200  on  tlic  fea-coaft  have  fubmitted 


C  A  L 

to  the  Spaniards,  who  have  ?.  garrlfon  at  a 
place  ca.'ied  Tatay.  The  country  is  moun- 
tainous; it  produces  fome  rice,  and  great 
quantities  of  wax  and  honey.  Long.  120. 
ao.  E.  Lat.  is.  N. 

CaLvnity  Harbour,  a  port  on  the  foutli- 
weft  co;ill  of  Banks's  ifland,  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean.  Long.  430.  28.  E.  Lat. 
^2,.  10. N. 

Calaviocha^  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon, 
on  tlie  Xiloca.     14  miles  S  Daroca. 

Calamon,  anciently  Calanios,  a  town  of 
Syria,  on  the  coaft.     10  miles  S.  Tripoli. 

C.ibn,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Higher  Pyrennces.  16  miles  E. 
Tarbes. 

Calana,  a  town  of  Syria.  18  miles  SW. 
Damafcus. 

Calanda,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  on 
the  river  Guadaloupe.  iz  miles  WSW. 
Alkanitz. 

Calandro,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Caramania.     100  milesS.  Cogni. 

Calanee,  a  town  of  Ceylon,  with  a  cele- 
brated pagoda.     6  miles  NE.  Columbo. 

Calannast  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Seville,  near  the  river  Odiel.  40  miles 
NW.  Seville. 

Cij/uv/.'^,  a  fmall  ifland  among  the  Philip- 
pines, near  the  fouth  coaft  of  Lu5on.  Long. 
124.  2.E.  Lat.  12.  48.  N. 

Calapar.,  a  town  on  the  north  coaft  of  the 
ifland  ot  Mindoro.  Long.  121. 12.  E.  Lat. 
13.20.N. 

Calapar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  50  miles 
NNW.  Travancore. 

Calapizzatl,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     8  miles  W.  Cariati. 

Calapuja,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the-  diocefe 
of  La  Paz.     38  miles  N.  Chucuito. 

Calara,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tellingana.  16  m.SE.  Waningole. 
Calanwicondj,  or  Cianeldroog.,  a  fort  of 
Hindooftan,  in  Myfore,  near  Nundydroog, 
with  which  it  furrendered  to  Major  Gowdie. 
Calas  Altas,  a  town  of  Bralil,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Minas  Geraes.  40  miles  NE. 
Villa  Rica. 

CaLifciheta,  fee  Calata  Xibeta. 
Calaferaigiie,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, near  the  coaft  of  France.     Long. 
6.  25.  E.  Lat.  43.  II.  N. 

Calqfcio,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     ID  miles  E.  Aquila. 

Calajiri,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,   in  the 

Carnatic.     58  miles  NW.   Madras,   38    S. 

Nellore.     Long.  79.  45.  E.  Lat.  13.  5c.  N. 

Calata  Bdlota.,  a  town  of  Sicily,   in  the 

valley  ofMazara.     6  miles  SE.  Sicca. 

.  Calata  F'lvil,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  val- 
Jey  ofMazara.  19  miles  ESE.  Trapani. 

Calata  Gercna,  or  Callatagirone,  a  town 

of  Sicily,  in  tlic  valley,  of  Noto.  This  is  called 

royal  cityj  liLuatedoa  a  lofty  finglemoua- 


C  A  L 

tain,  with  a  manufadure  of  earthen  ware. 
It  contains  about  17,000  inhabitant?.  30 
miles  SW\  Catania,  37  NW.  Syracufe.  Long. 
14.  13.  E.  Lat.  37.  17.N. 

Calata  Nijlda,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the 
valley  of  Mazara.  27  miles  ENE.  Girgcnti. 
Calata  Xibeta,  or  Calafclbeta,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  in  the  valley  of  Noto.  Peter  king  of 
Sicily  died  in  this  town  Auguft  15,  1^41. 
40  miles  W.  Catania,  38  S.  Cefalu.  Long. 
14.^14.  E.  Lat.  37.  35.  N. 

Calataiud,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Aragon, 
fituated  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  at  the  con'tiux 
of  the  Xalon  and  Xiloca,  defended  by  a  aS- 
tle,  lituated  on  a  rock.  It  contains  thirteen 
pariflies  and  fifteen  convents.  This  town 
is  laid  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Saracens 
in  the  eighth  century.  In  1362,  it  was 
taken  trom  the  King  of  Aragon  by  Peter 
king  of  Caftile.  37  m.  SW.  SaragofTa,  85  NE. 
Toledo.     Long.  i.  2,1-  W.  Lat.  41.  28.  N. 

_  Calati  ava,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince  of  La  Mancha,  fituated  near  the  Mo- 
rena  mountains,  on  the  river  Guadiana,  the 
chief  place  of  the  knights  of  Calatrava.  in 
the  year  115  7,  it  was  taken  from  the  Moors, 
and  given  to  tlie  Knights  Templars;  but  they, 
undcrftanding  the  Moors  v/ere  preparing  10 
befiege  it,  reuored  it  to  the  king.  It  was 
however  bravely  defended  by  a  body  of  Cil- 
tertian  Monks,  to  whom  it  v/as  granted  for 
ever,  a.nd  the  order  of  Calatrava  inftituted,  in 
the  year  115  8,  by  Sancho  III.  king  ofCaftile. 
12  miles  NE.  Cividad  Real,  ^o  SE.  Toledo. 
Long.  3.  20.  W.  Lat.  39.  4.  N. 

Calau,  a  town  of  Lufatia,  which  gives 
name  to  a  circle.  It  carries  on  a  large  trade 
in  wool.  15  miles  NW.  Cotbus,  42  S.  Drel- 
den^.     Long.  1 3 . 5  5 .  E.     Lat.  51.45.  N- 

Cnlau  Cene.)  a  town  of  Lgypt.  12  miles 
S.  Abu  Girgc. 

Cdlavita,  a  town  on  the  north  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Mindoro.  Z-c,v^^  120;  25.E.  Lat. 
13.  30.N. 

Caiavon,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Durance,  about  8  m.  W.  Cavaillon. 

Calaur  Ijlands,  a  cluftcr  of  fmall  iflands, 
extending  about  60  miles  in  length  from 
north-vv-eft  to  fuiith-eaft,  and  30  in  breadth. 
Long.  121.  E.     Lat.  6.  50.  S. 

Calaiv,  a  tov/n  of  Pruffia,  in  the  province 
of  Oberland.      1 1  miles  W.  Liebflat. 

Cala^vang,  a  tov/n  on  the  north-eaft  coafl 
of  Sumatra.  Long.  ioo.'24.  £.  Lat.  2.  9.  N. 

Cala-ivejjy,  a  town  of  Pennfylyania,  on  the 
Sulcjuehana.     50  miles  SW.  Wilkeibarrcr. 

Calayang,  ar.  ifland  in  the  North  Paci.lc 
Ocean,  and  moft  northerly  of  thofe  called 
Babuyanes  ;  about  18  miles  in  circumfeicnce 
Long.  121.  30.  E    Lat.i().  28.  N.'       ' 

Calbari,ox  Calabar,  d.  country  of  Afiica, 
in  Upper  Guinea,  belonging  to  Benin.  The 
inhabitants  are  reprefented cruel,  treacherous, 
ar.d  diflioatil.    It  has  a  tov/n  of"  the  fa.me 


C  A  L 


C  A  L 


i>ame,  where  the  Dutch   have  a  faftory. 
Lc/yr.  lo.  E.  Lat.  6.  N. 

Ccilhari,  fNeivJ  a  river  of  Africa,  which 
runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  6.  30.  E.   Lai. 


Cij/r/o,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Oglio.  15 
miles  W.  Brefcia,  11  NE.  Crema. 

Calconda,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore.     »a  miles  NW.  Dalmachery. 

Calcutta,  a  city  of  Hindooftan,  and  capital 


Calhari,  (0/J,)  a  river  of  Africa,  which  of  Bengal,   fituated  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 

runs  into  the  Atlantic,  jLow^.  7.50- E.    Lat.  Hoogly,  which  is  a  branch   of  the  Ganges, 

J.  28.  N.  and  navigable   for    the  Englifli  Eafb-India 

Cathafa,  a  town  of  Circaflia;  it  is  large,  fhips.     In  the  beginning  of  the  prefent  cen- 

but  the  houfes  are  for  tlie  moft  part  built  turv  it  was  a  village,  but  fince  that  has  been 

with  earth   and  covered  with  turf.     Tiie  in-  conftantly  increafmg,  and  is  nov/  fuppofed 

habitants  are  Armenians,  Greeks,  Tartars,  to  contain  500,000  inhabitants.     The  houfes 

Jev/s,  Circail'ans,  &;c.  belonging  to  the  Englifhare  in  general  hand- 

Calbc,  a  tov.'n  of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy  fome  and  well  built,  of  brick;  though  others 

of  Magdeburg,  on   the  Saal.      20  miles  S.  belonging   to  the  natives  are  in  general  of 

Magdeburg.  one  flory  only,  and  built  of  earth  and  thatch- 

Calhe.  or  K albs,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  ed,  or  of  brick  with  flat  roofs.    In  the  mid- 

the   Old  Mark  of  Brandenburg.     12  miles  die  of  the  city  is  a  large  tank  or  refervoir, 

W.    Stendal,    36    V/NW.    Brandenburg,  of  tv/enty-five   acres,  dug  by  order  of  go- 

i5/;^.  II.  42.  E.     Z.<3f.  52.  37.  N.  v:rnment,  to   fupply  the  inhabitants   with 

Calherga,   a   town  of  Kindooftan,   in  the  water  when  the  Ganges  is  low,  the  tides  then 

country  of  Hydrabad,  formerly   a  vail  city,  making  its  water  brackiOi;   a  great  number 

jnd  the  refidtnCe  of  the  kings  of  the  Dec-  of  i'prings  always  keep  the  tank  full,  and  the 

can:  it  is  by  no  m.eansfo  populous  as  when  water  is  good.     Near  the  tank  is  a  ftone 

the  leat  of  royalty.   8j  miles  W.  Hydrabad,  monument,  er.e(5led  by  Governo_rHohvell,  in 


memory  of  the  unfortunate  fufFerers  in  the 
black-hole.  Here  is  alfo  a  court-houfe,  an 
Engiifh  and  Armenian  church,  and  a  theatre. 
Fort-William,  v;hence  all  letters  and  orders 
of  prefidency  are  dated,  is  fituated  about  a 
mile  from  the  town,  on  the  fide  of  the  Gan- 
ges. It  is  a  regular  pentagon,  with  feveral 
out-works,  and  barracks  for  10,000  men  ; 
thefe  barracks  are  bomb-proof :  all  the  works 
are  guarded  by  mines  and   counter-mines. 


lie  E.  Vifiapour.     Long.  jj.  2^.  E.     Lat. 
1.7.  25.  N. 

Calblga,  a  town  on  the  wefb  coaff:  of  the 
Ifiand  of  Samar.     Long.  124.  s 5-^^ •    Lat. 
11.48.N. 
Caibis,  a  town  of  Egypt    3  m.  N.  Rofetta. 

■  Calbovgos,   a  country  of  Africa,  near  the 
coaft  of  the  Atlantic,  fouth  of  Biafara. 

Calbuco,   a  town  of  Chili.     190  miles  S. 
V.'Jdivia.  Long.  73.  40.  W.  Lat.  42.  45.  S. 
Galea,  a  town  on  the  north-weft  coaff  of    It  was  begun  to  be  built  in  the  year  1757, 
'Borneo.    jLs;;^;''.  in.  3c.  E.  Z^?/.  2.  48.N.     when  the   Engiifh  had  recovered  Calcutta. 

■  Calcar,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-  No  fliip  can  pafs  on  the  Ganges  without 
mcnt  of  the  Roer,  t:Jcen  from  the  dutchy  of  being  expofed  to  the  fire  of  this  fort ;  and  no 
Cleves,  about  4  miles  from  the  Rhine.  It  enemy  can  approach  by  land  without  being 
had  a  voice  and  feat  at  the  diet  of  the  dutchy,  difcerned  at  nine  or  ten  miles  dillance.  In 
contained  two  convents  and  two  churches,  the  year  1756,  Suraja  Dowla,  the  nabob  of 
5  miles  SE.  Cleves.  Long.  6.  8.  E.  Lat.  Bengal,  irritated  at  the  protecffion  given  to 
51.  47-  N.  one  of  his  fubjerts  in  the  Englifli  fort  at  Cal- 

Calcaviura,   a   town    of  Hindooftan,    in    cutta,  and,  as  it  is  faid,at  the  refufa!  offomc 
Oude.     18  miles N.  Kairabad.  duties  to  which  he  claimed  a  right,  levied  a 

Calcaylcires,  or  Calca  y  Lares,  a  tovv'n  of    great  army,  and  laid  (icgc  to  the  place.  The 
Peru,  and  capital  ofajurifdiition, in thcbifliop-    governor,' terrified  by  the  numbers  of  the 
ricofCufco*     The  juriidiftion  is  fituated  be- 
tween Ciifcoandthe  fca.  40  m.  SW.  Cufco. 

Calccna,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragun.     14 
miles  S.  Tarracona. 

Calchccda,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     21  miles  WSW.  Nellore. 

•  Calciana,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Bnfilicata.     16  miles  S.  Accrenza. 

CakhiaUi,   a  town  of  Etruria.     12  miles 
E.  Pifa. 

Calcinato,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sferio.    7  miles  SE.  Bergamo. 

Calcinate,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment oJ  the  INIela.     In  1706,  tlie    in)per!ai    hole  prifon,  before  tlie  doors   of  the  prifon 
trocps  were  defeated  heie  by  the  Dukt  of   were  opened  the  iie::t  morning.     The  year 
Vendime.    la  miles  E.  Brel'cia,  following,  Calcutta  was  retaken  by  Colonel 


enemy,  abandoned  the  foit,  with  feveral  of 
the  principal  perfons  in  that  fettlement,  who 
laved  thcmfclves,  with  their  moft  valuable 
elteJfs,  on  board  the  ihips  fhus  deferted, 
Mr.  Holwell,  the  fecond  in  ^ommand,  brave- 
ly held  the  place  to  the  laft  extremity,  with 
a  few  gallant  friends,  and  the  remains  of  a 
feeble  garrifon.  The  fort  was  taken  the  20th 
of  June,  in  the  ytur  1756,  and  the  garrifon 
being  made  prifoners,  were  thrulb  into  a  nar- 
row dungeon,  called  the  Black-hole.  By 
narratives  made  public,  it  appears,  that  of  146 
prifoners,  123  were  fmothered  in  the  Black- 


C  A  L 

Clu^e;  aad  foon  after  Suraja  Dowla  was  de- 
feated at  the  battle  of  PlafTcv,  and  depofed 
by  Jaffier  Ali  Cawn,  one  of  his  principal 
ofhcers,  who  was  made  nabob  in  his  room, 
which,  with  the  defeat  and  fubfequent  death 
of  the  nabob,  gave  tlio  Britifh  an  unlimited 
power  and  influence  over  the  whole  country 
of  Bengal.  Calcutta  is  the  emporium;  the 
refidence  of  the  governor  and  council  of 
Bengal :  the  feat  of  julfice  under  four  judges, 
who  difpenfc  judgment  according  to  the 
laws  of  England.  An  inftitution,  called  the 
Afiatic  Society,  was  eftablifhed  by  Sir  Vv'm. 
Jones;  and  a  college  or  univerfitv,  founded 
by  the  Marquis  WelleHey,  in  which  are  pro- 
fefTors  of  Englifh,  Mahomedan,  and  Hindoo, 
laws,  hiftory,  geography,  natural  hiftory, 
&c.  The  commerce  is  very  great  in  fugar, 
Cilt,  opium,  filks,  muflins,  cahcoes,  &c.  &c. 
Long.  88.  28.  E.     Lat.  it.  23.  N. 

CalJano,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  gulf  of  Tarento,  Long.  16.  41.  E. 
Lat.  39.  49.  N. 

Caldao,  a  river  of  Portugal,  which  runs 
into  the  fea  at  Setuval. 

Caldast  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eflrama- 
dura,  with  fome  medicinal  fprings  and  baths 
in  much  repute.     10  miles  E.  Peniche. 

Caldas  da  Baha,  As,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  the  province  of  Beira.  10  miles  N£. 
Caftej  Branco. 

Caldas  da  Citna,  As,  a  tov/n  of  Portugal, 
in  the  province  of  Beira.  6  miles  NE. 
Cartel  Branco. 

Caldas  de  Gercz,  a  village  of  Portugal, 
in  the  province  of  En^re-Duero  e  Minho, 
celebrated  for  itsmedicinal  fpnn2s  and  warm 
baths.     3  miles  Montalegre. 

Caldas  de  Monhuy,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Catalonia-  This  town  takes  its  name  from 
the  waters,  but  at  prefent  is  much  decayed, 
and  dwindled  into  a  very  inconiiderable 
place,with  ;<  few  privileges  to  fupportitsrank 
as  a  town ;  though  it  v/as  once  the  capital  of 
a  diftrid,  inhabited  by  a  people  known  in 
-the  earlieft  periods  of  the  annals  of  Catalonia, 
under  the  denomination  of  Aquicaldenfes,  of 
whom  frequent  mention  is  made  during  the 
conteil  between  Rome  and  Carthage,  for  the 
dominion  of  that  part  of  Spain,  fometimes 
liding  v/itR  one  party,  fometimes  with  the 
other.  The  greateft  part  of  a  fiight  an- 
cient wall  remains,  as  alfo  its  four  gates, 
which  are  ftill  kept  in  repair;  but  the  caflle 
of  the  lord  of  the  manor,  though  of  a  late 
date  in  comparifon  with  the  rell,  feems  to 
have  been  abandoned  for  fome  years,  and  is 
in  a  moft  ruinous  condition.  Caldas  is  iitu- 
ated  in  a  very  romantic  part  of  the  country, 
'^vhich  breaks  into  abrupt  hills  all  round,  and 
in  a  manner  encircle  it.  Thefe  hills,  or  ra- 
ther mountains,  are  for  the'mofl  part  covered 
with  olive  groves,  v/hicli  yield  a  coniidentble 
quantity  pf  oil;  foi  the  extrailiou  of  v/hich, 


C  A  L 

the  hot  water  that  flows  fo'plentifully  in  the 
town  is  of  infinite  ufe.  As  this  place  is  at 
prefent  in  no  wife  recommendable,  either  for 
its  elegance  or  accommodations,  the  baths 
are  not  io  much  fre(|uented  for  pleafure  as 
for  health.  Some  of  the  apothecaries,  and 
many  of  the  private  houfes  at  Caldas,  have 
neat  baths  for  thofe  that  choofe  to  hire  them; 
and  there  is  an  hofpital,  where  the  poor  are 
admitted  gratis.  They  are  chiefly  recom- 
mended in  fcorbutic,  fcrophulous,  as  well  as 
rheumatic  complaints.  The  water  is  boiling 
hot,  and  the  people  come  conftantlv  to  boil 
their  eggs,  cibbagc,  and  all  forts  of  vegeta- 
bles, by  limply  fui'pcnding  them  under  tlie 
fpout  of  the  fountain  in  a  baflcet;  and  yet 
make  ufe  of  no  other  water,  when  lliihcicntly 
cooled,  for  drinking,  either  alone,  mixed 
with  v^riiie,  or  cooled  with  fnow  in  orgeats, 
flierbcts,  S:c.     15  miles  N.  Barcelona. 

Caldas  de  Rey,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Ga- 
licia.     20  miles  S.  Santiago. 

Cahleira,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  coall  of  Africa.     Lat.  16.33.S. 

Calder,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs 
into  the  Aire,  about  two  miles  N.  Pon- 
tefi'aiTr,  in  Yorkfnire. 

Calder  {Wejl.,)  a  river  of  England,  which 
runs  into  the  Ribblc,  3  miles  S.  Clithero, 
in  Lancalliire. 

Calder  Water,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which 
nins  into  the  Clyde,  about  5  m.  above  Glafgovv'. 

Calder,  or  Caivdor,  a'village  of  Scotland, 
in  Nairnfhire,  in  which  are  feen  the  remains 
of  a  Ciiffle,  once  the  refidence  of  Macbeth, 
defl'royed  by  Malcolm.    4  miles  S.  Nairn. 

Caldera,  a  town  of  South-Ameripa,  in  the 
government  of  Tucuman.     1 7  m.  N.  Salta. 

Caldera,  a  feaport  of  South-America,  in 
the  country  of  Chili,  on  the  coall  of  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean.  10  miles  N.  Coplapo.  Loiig. 
70.  21.  VV.     Lat.  26.  48.  S. 

Caldera.,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Long.  85.  16.  W. 
Lat.  9.  30.  N. 

Caldera,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Mindanao.  Long.  izz.  %.'^.  Lat. 
6.  50.  N. 

Caldera,  {La,)  a  clufler  of  fmall  iflands, 
near  the  coaft  of  Mexico,  in  Salinas-Bay. 
Lo7ig.  85.  38.  W      Lat.  9.  56. N. 

Caldero,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  Ve- 
ronefe,  v/here,  in  the  campaign  of  1796, 
a  battle  was  fought  betv/een  the  French 
and  Auftrians,  in  v.'hich  the  former  were 
vidorious,  and  took  200  prifoners.  Another 
battle  was  fought  between  the  fame  parties 
in  November  1805,  with  the  fame  ill  iuccefs 
to  Auifria.     9  miles  SE.  Verona. 

Calder ino,  a  place  of  Italy,  in  the  Veronefe, 
celebrated  for  its  baths ;  called  alio.  The 
Bathf  of  Verona. 

Calderola,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
Marauiiate  of  Ancona.     ao  m.  \V.  Ferino. 


C  A  L 

Calderonlf  or  Giadurognijfa,  thi'ee  fmall 
xHands  in  the  Mediterranean,  fituated  about 
fifteen  miles  fouth  from  the  illand  of  Candy. 
I'iie  largeft  is  of  a  triangular  form,  about 
eight  miles  in  circumference.  Long.  26.  19. 
E.    Lat.:A-Z^'^' 

Caldonazzo,  a  lake  of  the  county  of  Tyrol. 
8  miles  ESE.  Trent. 

Caldiiendo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Guipufcoa.     24  miles  E.  Vittoria. 

Caldnrafr.ian,  a  town  of  Walachia.  31 
miles  NNE.  Buchareft. 

Cahh,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Wales,     3  miles  S.  Tenby. 

Caleal,  a  town  of  Peifia,  in  the  province 
of  Adirbeitzan.     152  miles  SE.  Tabris. 

Caldanpour,  a  town  of  liindoollan,  in 
Bahar.  30  miles  SE.  Bettiah. 
'  Caledo?i/.a,{N<^''Mi)'^  feaport  and fettlement 
en  tht  Ifthmus  of  Daricn,  near  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  founded  in  the  year  1699,  by  fome 
Scotch  families,  which  flouriflied  for  a  time; 
but  it  has  been  in  the  hands  of  the  Spaniards 
Ijnce  the  beginning  of  the  prefent  century. 
■Lvrig.  77.  36.  W.  ^ Lat.  8.  30.  N. 

Caledonia,  (Ne-iv,)  a  large  ifland  in  the 
Southern  Pacific  Oceau;  which,  Capt.  Cook 
^  fays,  lies  nearly  north-weft-half-weft,  and 
ibuth-eafl'-half-eaft,  and  is  about  261.  miles 
long  in  that  diredlion  ;  bi;t  its  breadth  is  not 
confderable,  nor  any  where  exceeding  30 
miles.  It  is  a  country  full  of  hills  and  val- 
lies,  of  various  extent  both  for  height  and 
depth-;  to  judge  of  the  v.'hole  by  the  parts 
we  were  on.  From  thefe  hills  ipring  vail 
numb,  rs  of  rivulets,  which  greatly  contribute 
to  fertilize  the  plains,  and  to  fupply  all  the 
wants  of  the  inhabitants.  The  fum'mits  of 
,  nioil  of  the  hills  feem  to  be  barren,  though 
Ibine  few:  are  clothed  with  wood,  as  are  all 
tiie  plains  and  vallies.  By  reafon  of  thcfe 
hills,  many  parts  of  the  coalf,  Vvhen  at  a  dif- 
tance  from  it,  appeared  indented,  or  to  have 
great  inlets  bctv.-cen  the  hills ;  but,  when  we 
came  near  the  lliore,  we  always  found  fuch 
places  fliut  up  with  low  land,  and  alfo  ob- 
served low  kud'to  lie  along  the  coaft,  between 
the  j'ea-flioie,  and  the  foot  of  the  hills.  As 
this  w  as  tlie  cafe  in  all  fuch  pans  as  we  came 
near  enough  to  fee,  it  is  realbnable  to  fup- 
poic,  that  the  whole  coafl  is  fo.  I  am 
likewife  of  opinion,  that  the  whole  or  greatell 
partis  iiii  rounded  by  reefs  or  ihoals,  which 
.  reiulcr  the  accefs  to  it  very  dangerous,  but 
at  ihc  iamc  time  guard  the  coalt  from  the 
violence  of  the  wind  and  lea,  make  it  abound 
vith  fill);  lecurean  cafy  and  lafc  navigation 
along  it,  for  canoes.  See.  a.nd,  moft  jikcly, 
fu!  ni  fume  good  hai  hours  for  (hipi)ing.  Molf, 
if  n.it  every  part  of  the  coaft,  is  inhabited, 
the  iflo  of  Pines  not  extepted,  for  we  faw 
either  firiokeby  day  or  fires  by  night,wherever 
we  came.      I.o?.g.  63.  y,.  to  167.  14.  E. 

Uit.  19.37.  ^0  2J.  3c.  S. 


C  A  L 

Calcmnty  or  Salmnanh,  a  river  of  North- 
America,  which  luns  into  the  Wabafh,  12 
miles  E.  Eel  Town,  near  which  Gen.  Sinclair 
was  defeated  by  the  Indians,  in  1791. 

Calenberg,  a  principality  of  Germany 
which  takes  its  name  from  an  ancient  caffle 
row  in  ruins,  fituated  on  the  Leina,  eleven 
miles  fouth  Hanover  It  is  divided  into  two 
parts  by  the  principality  of  Woltenbuttel. 
The  northern  part  is  furrounded  by  the  prin- 
cipality of  Luneburg,  the  bifhopric  of  Hilde- 
fheim.,  the  principality  of  Wollenbuttel,  the 
counties  of  Pyrmcnt,  Lippc,  Schauenburg, 
Hoya,  andMinden.  The  fouth  part  by  the 
principalities  of  Wclfenbuttel,Grubenhagen, 
Eichsfeld,  and  Lower  HelTe.  It  conftitutes 
a  part  of  the  dutchy  of  Brunfwick,  and  is 
compofed  of  ancient  lordfhips,  counties,  and 
ecclefiaftical  efhates  united.  The  country  is 
in  fome  parts  mountainous,  in  fome  marfhy, 
and  others  fandy,  but  generally  fertile;  pro- 
ducing wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats,  tobacco, 
hops,  flax,  &c.  There  are  numerous  manu- 
fadtures  of  v/oollen  and  linen,  cotton  and 
fjlk,  in  the  different  fhapes,  both  for  home 
conlumption  and  exportation.  They  reckon 
36  towns,  great  and  fmall,  the  principal  of 
which  are  Hanover,  Harncln,  Gottingen,  and 
Neufladt ;  the  principal  rivers  are  the  Leine, 
on  the  call,  and  the  Wefer,  on  the  weft. 

Caknhsrg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
lordihip  of  Schonburg.  8  m.  NE.  Zwickau, 
48  WSW.  Drefden.  Lotrg.  12.  33.  £.  Lat. 
50.  43-N. 

Calsnherg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
ffiopric  of  Paderbern.    3  miles  S.  Warburg. 

Calendula  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Nile.     3  miles  N.  Aflimunein. 

Caknzala,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Corfica, 
inthedepaitmentof  the  Gulo.  5m.SE.Calvi. 

Calepio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Berga^. 
mafco,  on  the  Oglio.     12  m.  E.  Bergamo. 

Calerzano,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Corlica, 
6  miles  SE.  Calvi. 

Calf,  one  of  the  fmaller  Orkney  iflands, 
about  a  mile  to  the  north  of  Eda. 

Calf,  one  of  the  fmaller  Orkney  iflands, 
I  m.N.  Flota.  Lo/.'g.o.i.W.  Lat.  58.4-  N. 

Calf,  a  rock  near  the  fouth-wcfl  coalt  of 
Ireland,  at  the  entry  oi  Bantry  Bay,  uear  the 
fouth  end  of  Durfey  Illand. 

Calf  of  Man,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Irifh 
fea,  near  the  fouth-wcft  coail  of  the  lile  of 
Man.     Long.  4.  a^^.  W.     Lat.  54.  i.  N. 

Calf  Pajl'ure  River,  a  river  of  Virginia, 
which  runs  into  James  river,  Loiig.  79.  42. 
W.     Z.V/.37.35.N. 

Calheta,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Madeira. 

Caihuco,iL  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
country  of  Chili,  on  the  coaft  of  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  inhabited  by  Spaniards,  Me- 
ftees,  and  Indians,  with  one  parifh  church, 
and  two  convents.  i3o  miles  S.  Valdivia. 
Lj>!g.  73.  39.  W.    Li/L  42  40.  S. 


C  A  L 

Ctil'h  or  St.  Ta^o  dc  Cali,  a  town  of  South- 
America,  in  the  country  of  Pop:iy;in,  where 
the  governor  of  the  province  generally  re- 
fides,  on  theCauca.  65  miles  N.  Pop:iyan. 
Long.  75.  56.  W.     iMt.  3.  30.  N. 

Calidch-Head,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on  the 
north-v/eft  coaif  of  the  illandof  Mull.  Long. 
6.  15.W.     Lat.s6.^,'!.'N. 

Caliapour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  60  miles 
W.  Midnapour.    ■ 

Ca/icc',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Monoemugi, 
on  the  Quilimana.     75  miles  NW.  Melinda, 

Calico,  a  river  of  EuropeanTurkey,  which 
runs  into  the  gulf  of  Saluniki,  14  miles  SW. 
Saloniki. 

Calicoote,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cicacole.     18  miles  N.  Ganjam. 

Calicoidan,  a  town  of  Cochin,  in  a  bay  on 
the  coalt  of  Malabar,  where  the  Dutch  have 
a  factory.  60  miles  S.  Cochin.  Lo7ig.  76. 
3Z.E.     Lat.  9.  12.  N. 

C.7//V.7/',  a  country,  and  once  aconfiderable 
empire  of  Afia,  which  extended  itfelf  through- 
out ail  Malabar.  Its  chief  took  the  title  of 
king  of  kings.  The  laft  of  thefe  princes, 
called  Sarana  Parimal,  having  embraced  Ma- 
homedanifm,  retired  to  Mecca  to  end  his 
days,  and  divided  his  dominions  between  the 
princes  of  his  own  blood  ;  referving,  as  we 
are  told,  a  ipace  of  36  miles  for  oneof  thcle 
princes,  or  a  favourite  page,  who  was  to  have 
thetitle  of  Samorin,  and  the  others  to  render 
homage  to  him.  The  Sa\norin  built  a  city 
in  the  lame  place,  from  whence  Parimal  took 
his  departure,  and  called  it  Calicut.  It  was 
the  iirf!:  place  in  the  Eaft-Indies  vilited  by 
the  Portuguefe.  They  were  received  in  a 
friendly  manner,  but  a  quarrel  foon  after 
happening,  the  Samorin  forced  them  to  quit 
his  dominions,  and  dellroyed  their  commerce. 
The  prefent  prince  is  a  Brahman,  and  it  is 
the  only  kingdom  in  the  Indies  governed  by 
a  Brahman;  everywhere  elfe,  theBrahmans 
are  only  fecretaries  and  minifters.  This 
ftate,  which  the  Indians  call  Iilalleanii,  is 
75  miles  long,  and  from  14  to  18  broad. 
The  air  is  pure  and  wholefcnie,  the  foil 
fertile,  but  fubjctfl  to  inundations,  from 
the  amazing  rapidity  of  the  waters  which 
pour  down  from  the  mountains;  and  the  fea 
has  frequently  made  fach  ravages  on  the 
coaft,  as  to  oblige  the  Samorin  to  remove 
his  reiidence  from  the  town  of  Calicut  to 
Panana.  The  Samorin  is  i'aid  to  be  able  to 
raife  an  army  of  ioo,oco  men. 

Calicut,  formerly  the  capital  of  the  king- 
dom fo  called;  and  even  now  a  large  town, 
containing  about  500  or  600  houfes,  built  of 
wood,  or  bricks  baked  in  the  fun,  in  the  midft 
of  whicli  are  beautiful  gardens.  It  is  nine 
miles  in  circumference,  including  a  large 
village,  or  fauxbourg,  inhabited  only  by 
fiihermen.  It  is  not  furrounded  by  walls, 
and  is  governed  by  a  viceroy,  who  finds 
Vol,  I.  £  e 


C  A  I^ 

means  to  get  rich.  It  has  no  police,  and 
tiie  commerce  is  very  much  encumbered 
by  burdenfome  duties,  generally  farmed  by 
Mahomcdans.  That  it  is  not  entirely  ruined, 
13  owing  to  a  neighbouring  river,  by  which 
they  brmg  down  teak-wood  from  the  neigh- 
bounng  mountains.  The.coafc  is  low,  and 
affords  no  flielter;  and  the  only  accefs  ':o  it 
IS  m  fmall  fiat-bottomed  boats.  In  the' year 
1773,  this  town  was  taken  by  Myder  Ali, 
who  drove  away  the  merchants  and  fadors, 
and  cauled  all  the  cocoa-nut  and  fnndal-wood 
trees  to  be  cut  down,  and  ali  the  pepper 
plants  to  be  rooted  up,  becaufe  thefe  plants 
brought  riches  to  the  Europeans,  and  ena- 
bled them  to  carry  on  war  againfl  the  Indians. 
In  1789,  Tippoo  marched  an  army  into  the 
country,  and  committed  horrid  cruelties.  la 
I79.n  it  was  taken  by  the  Englifn.  76  miles 
W.Coimbetore, 95  SE.  Scringapatam.  Long. 
75.  44;  E.     Lat.  II.  20.  N. 

Calies,  a  town  of  Geiniany,  in  the  Ne\y 
Mark  of  Bi'andenburg,  chiefly  inhabited  by 
cloth-weavers.  58  m.  NE.Cuftrin,  3  5  ESE. 
Stargard.     Long.  16.  4.  E.-  Lat.  53.16.  N. 

Califorfiia,  a  peninfula  in  the  Pacilic 
Ocean,  united  on  the  north  to  the  continent 
of  Nortli-America,  from  which  the  other' 
part  is  feparated  by  a  narrow  lea,  called  the 
Gulfof  California,  and  bounded  on  the  fbutli 
and  wefl  by  the  Pacific  Ocean;  near  900 
miles  in  length,  and  in  different  places  ^o, 
60,  90,  and  120  miles  wide.  This  peninfiila 
IS  faid  to  have  been  difcovered  by  Sir  Francis 
Drake,  and  by  him  called  Ni^jj  Albion;  and 
the  Gulf  of  California  has  been  lometimes 
called  Ths  Vermillion  Ssa^  or  Purple  Sea,  or 
Red  Sea.  In  a  peninfula  of  fo  vafl  an  extent, 
which  reaches  nearly  from  the  23d  to  the 
46th  degree  of  latitude,  the  Ibil  and  climate 
muft  naturally  be  found  to  vary.  Some  parts 
are  continually  covered  with  'flowers,  while 
others  are  inholpitable  deferts.  According 
to  Father  Bcrgert  de  Scheleftat,  it  is  notlung 
but  a  chain  of  barren  rocks,  covered  with 
briars,  without  water,  without  wood,  thinly 
inhabited,  and  incapable  of  culture;  oniy  the 
fea-coalfs  liavihg  been  difcovered  till  1788. 
The  heat  would  be  infupportable,  if  not 
moderated  in  the  afternoon  by  the  e„fl  v/ind, 
%vljich  blows  but  feldom,  or  by  the  fouth, 
winch  is  there  more  frequent.  It  rarely 
rains,  and  then  only  in  fmali  quantities.  The 
foil  is  naked  rock,  or  covered  v/ltli  pebbles, 
fertile  in  fomc  few  places,  which  are  watered. 
It  fcems  to  have  been  produced  by  a  volcano 
or  an  earthquake  ;  few  fruit-trees  are  found, 
fume  forefl  trees  and  underwood,  towards 
the  fouth,  are  all  that  offer ;  Indian  figs  grow 
wild.  Such  v/as  the  account  given ;  but  newer 
obfervationsanddifcoveries have fcund  many 
places  \yhcre  the  foil  was  excellent,  and  ca- 
pableof  culture;  audit  is  reported,  that  vines 
grov^/■  naturally  on  the  mountains;   thii  the 


C  A  L 

tefuits.when  t'ney  r^fided  there,  made  wine^ 
trough  to  ferve  for  the  confumption  or 
Mexico,  of  an  excellent  qiiHlir.y,  and  in  its 
tafte  approaching  to  that  of  Madeira ;  that 
tmvards  the  north  have  been  found  forelts 
abounding  in  game,  wolves,  bears,  bif.->n5, 
and  an  animal,  which  leems  peculiar  to  the 
country,  called  taye;  it  is  as  large  as  an 
heifer, 'which  it  referables  in  the  form  of  its 
bodv,  but  its  ^lead  more  like  that  of  a  deer, 
v/ith  horns  like  thofe  of  a  ram .  The  fea-coalls 
abound  with  fifli,  and  the  pearl  hlhery  is 
richer  than  either  that  cf  Ponama  or  Ormuz. 
The  borders  of  the  gulf  are  marfliy,  and 
fome  volcanoes  are  found ;  the  interior  coun- 
try farnifhes  moft  of  the  fruits  natural  to 
America ;  thev  gather  a  fort  of  manna,  which 
they  think  falls  with  the  dev/upon  the  leaves 
of  trees  where  it  thickens,  and  is  afferted  to 
be  as  white  and  fwect  as  tl:e  beft  fugar. 
Horfes,  affes,  horned  cattle,  hogs,  goats,  and 
other  quadrupeds,  have  been  introduced,  and 
do  not  degenerate.  The  birds  natural  to 
the  new  world  are  found  there,  and  fome 
peculiar  to  the  country.  Peacocks,  buftards, 
geefe,  cranes, vultures,  wild  geefe,fea-ravens, 
fea-mews,  quails,  nightingales,  linnets,  larks, 
&c.  are  found  near  the  coafts.  The  infecTs 
are  neither  venomous  nor  numerous;  turtles, 
oyfters,  lobfters,  and  divers  other  rncll-jifh, 
are  common  along  the  coaft.  Divers  nations 
or  tribes  inhabit  the  country,  without  ac- 
knowledging any  chief.  Each  father  is  a 
prince  over  his  own  family,  but  his  power 
ceafes  when  his  children  are  able  to  provide 
for  themfelves.  Each  tribe  has,  neverthcltis, 
fometimes  perfons  appointed,  who  call  af- 
femblics,  to  divide  the  productions  of  the 
earth,  regulate  the  fiflierics,  and  to  march  at 
their  head,  if  engaged  in  war.  They  owe 
their  rank  to  the  choice  of  tlieir  con-ipanions; 
but  they  are  agents  only,  not  princes.  Th.- 
fhade  of  a  tree  ferves  them  as  a  retreat  du- 
ring the  days,  and  in  the  night  they  retire 
to  their  huts,  built  on  piles,  at  the  fide  of 
rivers  or  ponds.  Want  of  provilion  obliges 
them  often  to  change  their  abode,  and  in 
fevere  winters  they  retire  into  cayes.  A 
girdle  and  piece  cf  linen,  which  palles  round 
the  body,  fome  ornaments  for  the  head,  and 
a  chain  of  pearls,  ferve  them  for  diels  ar-d 
finery;  fome  infert  coloured  feathers  in  holes 
•vvhicli  they  make  in  their  ears  and  nollrils; 
Jbme  bind  their  foreheads  v/ith  bands,  like 
network,  with  which  too  they  covcj-  their 
arms,  adorned  with  chains  of  pearls,  like 
bi  acclets.  Thof:  who  live  towards  the  north, 
•wh.erc  they  have  no  pearls,  drefs  their  heads 
v.'idi  fhclls.  The  womeii  commonly  wear  a 
i'pecies  ot  long  robe,  made  of  the  leaves  cf 
p.iln.s;  fome  wear  nothing  but  a  girdle. 
Thele  palm  leaves  are  woven  with  ait,  and 
dyed  of  different  colours;  and  of  them  they 
make  baficcts,  which  hold  tJieir  roots  and 


C  A  L 

their  provrlions.  The  principal  places  are 
Santa  Maria,  St.  Ignatio,  St.  Hidoro,  Loreto, 
St.  Ettevan,  St.  Xavier,  St.  Yago,  Rofalio, 
St.  Juan  Guadalupe,  and  St.  Jofeph. 

Cdlifornia,  (Neiv,)  a  country  of  North- 
America,  on  the  coaft  of  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  called  by  Captain  Vancouver  N^-:j 
y)li>io;i,  is  by  Capt.  La  Peroufe  called  New 
California.  A  lteut.-colonel,whofe  relidence 
is^tMonterev,  is  governor  ot  theCalifornias: 
the  extent  of  his  government  is  more  than 
2400  miles  in  circumference,  but  his  real 
fubjecls  confift  only  of  282  cavalry,  v/hoie 
duty  is  to  garrifon  five  fmall  forts,  and  to 
furnifh  detachments  of  four  or  five  men  to 
each  of  the  aj  mifiions,  or  parifncs,  efta- 
blilhed  in  Old  and  New  California.  So  fmall 
are  the  means  which  are  adequate  to  the 
Tellraining  about  50,000  wandering  Indians 
in  this  vaft  part  ot  Am.crica,  among  whom 
nearly  io,coo  have  embraced  Chriltianity. 
Captain  Peroufe  tells  us  that  the  Indians 
dif:over  none  of  that  love  of  liberty  and 
independence  which  charaderizes  the  nor- 
thern nations,  of  whole  arts  and  induftry 
they  are  alfo  deftitute.  The  independent 
favages  arc  very  frequently  at  war,  but  the 
fear  of  the  Spaniards  makes  diem  refpe(S 
their  niiffions;  and  this  perhaps  is  not  one 
of  the  kalt  cauies  of  the  augmentation  of  the 
Chiillian  villages.  Their  arms  are  the  bow 
and  arrow,  pointed  with  a  flint  very  ikilfully 
worked;  thefe  hows  arc  made  of  wood,  and 
ftrung  with  the  finews  of  an  ox.  We  were 
alTurcd,  that  they  neither  eat  their  prifoner?, 
nor  their  enemies  killed  in  battle;  that  neveV- 
thclefs,  when  they  had  vanquilhed  and  put 
to  death  upon  the  field  of  battle  chiefs  or 
very  courageous  men,  they  have  eaten  fome 
pieces  of  them,  lefs  as  a  fign  ot  hatred  or 
revenge,  than  a  homage  which  they  paid  ta 
their  valour,  and  in  the  full  perfuafion  that 
this  food  would  be  likely  to  increafe  their 
ov.'n  courage.  They  fcalp  the  vanquiflied, 
as  in  Canada,  and  pluck  out  their  eyes,;vhich 
they  have  the  art  of  preferving  free  from 
corruption,  and  which  they  carefully  keep 
as  precious  iicT:ns  of  their  vidory.  Theli" 
curtom  is  to  burn  their  dead,  and  to  depo!Jt 
their  a(hes  in  morals.  Loretto  is  the  only 
proficiency  of  Old  California,  on  the  caft  coall 
of  this  peninlula.  The  gurrifon  confilfs  ci  54 
troopers,  v/ho  furnifii  imall  detachments  10 
the  15  millions;  the  duties  of  v.hich  arc  per- 
formed by  Dominican  friars,  who  have  fuc- 
cecded  the  Jeliiits  and  Francifcans;  the  lall 
have  remained  polfeflors  of  ten  mifiions  in 
New  California.  Spanilh  piety  has  to  this 
time  maintained  thcll;  miilions  and  prefidcn- 
cies  at  a  great  expence,  with  the  ible  view 
of  civilizing  and  converting  the  Indians  of 
thelc  countries;  alyltem  far  more  deferving 
praile  than  tiiatof  thofe  avaricious  men,  who 
i'ccnicd  to  be  clothed  with  the  natienal  au- 


C  A  L 

thority  only  to  perpetrate  the  mofl  cruel 
atrocities  with  impurjty.  The  reader  will 
foon  perceive,  that  a  new  branch  of  com- 
merce can  procure  more  advantages  to  the 
Spanllli  nation  fvom  New  California,  than 
the  richeft  mines  of  Mexico;  and  that  the 
fitlubritv  of  the  air,  the  fertility  of  the  land, 
and,  bendes.  the  abundance  of  all  kinds  of 
pelirv,  the  iale  of  which  is  certain  in  China, 
give  tJ  this  part  of  America  innnite  advan- 
tages over  Old  California,  the  unv/holelbme- 
neis  and  barrennefs  of  Which  can  never  be 
comnenfatcd  bv  th«  few  pearls  which  may 
be  liined  up  from  the  bottom  of  the  fca. 
Befjre  the  SpaniiL  fetdements,  the  Indians 
of  California  cultivated  nothing  but  maize, 
and  alrr.oft  eniirciy  lived  by  Hfhing  and  hunt- 
ing. There  is  not  any  country  in  the  world 
which  more  abounds  in  fifli  and  g.mie  of 
every  defcription  :  hares,  rabbits,  and  llags, 
are  very  common  there;  feals  and  otters  are 
alfo  found  there  in  prc4igious  numbers;  but 
to  the  northward,  and  during  the  winter, 
thev  kill  a  very  great  number  of  foxes,  bears, 
wolves,  and  wild  cats.  The  thickets  and 
plains  abound  with  fmall  grey-tufted  par- 
tridges, which,  like  tliofe  in  Europe,  live  in 
fjciety,  but  in  large  companies  of  300  or 
403  together  ;  they  are  fat,  but  extremely 
well  flavoured.  The  trees  lerve  as  habita- 
tions to  the  moft  delightful  birds.  Among 
the  birds  of  prey  are  found  the  white-headed 
eagle,  the  great  and  fmall  falcon,  the  gofs 
h;:wk,  the  fparrow-hawk,  the  black  vulture, 
the  large  ov/!,  and  the  raven.  On  the  ponds 
and  lea-lhore  are  lesn  the  wild  duck,  the 
grey  and  -vhite  pelican  with  yellow  tufts, 
different  fpecies  of  gulls,  cormoraots,  cur- 
lews, ringplowers,  fmall  fea-water  henS;  and 
herons.  We  a!fo  killed  and  ftuiFed  a  bee- 
eater,  which  according  to  moll  ornichologifts, 
is  peculiar  to  the  old  continent.  This  land 
po/Fefles alfo  an  inexpreffible  fertility;  farina- 
ceous roots  and  feeds  ot  all  kinds  abundantly 
profper  there;  we  enriched  the  mifionaries' 
and  governor's  gardens  with  different  grains 
and  feeds,  which  we  brought  from  Paris; 
they  were  in  a  high  ftate  of  prefervation,  and 
will  procure  them  new  enjoyments.  The 
crops  of  maize,  barley,  corn,  and  peafe, 
cannot  be  equalled  but  by  tbofe  of  Chili ; 
our  European  cultivators  can  have  no  con- 
ception of  a  flmiiar  fertility ;  the  medium 
produce  of  corn  is  from  feventy  to  eighty  for 
one;  the  extremes  lixty  and  a  hundred. 
Fruit-trees  are  (till  very  rare  there,  but  the 
climate  is  extremely  fuitable  to  them  :  it 
differsalittle  from  that  of  the  fouthem  French 
provinces,  at  leafh  the  cold  is  never  fo  pier- 
cing there,  but  the  heats  of  the  lunimer  are 
there  much  more  moderate,  owing  to  the 
continual  fogs  which  reign  in  thel'e  countries, 
and  which  procure  for  the  land  a.  humidity 
Tery  fayourabie  to  yegetatior^.     Kew  Cah- 

j£  e  » 


C  A  L 

fornia,  notwithltanding  its  fertility,  cannot 
as  yet  reckon  a  lingle  lettlcr  ;  fume  foldiers 
married  to  Indian  women,  who  dwell  in  forts, 
or  v/ho  are  fpread  amo'.g  the  fmall  detach- 
ments  of  troops  in  the  dilPircnt  millions,  at 
this  time  conftitu-c  the  whole  SpaniAi  nation 
in  this  part  of  America.  If  it  were  at  a  lefs 
dillance  from  Europe,  it  would  in  no  refpocSts 
yield  to  Virginia, which  is  oppofite  to  it;  but 
its  proximity  to  Aila  may  indemnify  it;  good 
lav/s,  and  more  efpecially,  liberty  of  com- 
merce, would  fpeediiy  procure  it  Ibme  let- 
tiers.  The  Francifcan  miliionaries  are  almoft 
all  Europeans;  thev  have  a  college  at  Mexico, 
of  v/hich  the  guardian  is  general  of  his  order 
in  America  :  this  houfe  is  not  dependent  on 
the  provincial  of  the  Francifcans  of  Mexico, 
but  its  fuperiors  are  in  Europe.  The  viceroy 
is  at  this  time  Ible  judge  of  all  difputes  io 
the  different  miflions,  v/hich  do  not  acknow- 
lege  the  authority  of  the  commandant  of 
Monterey.  Spain  allows  400  piailres  to  each 
miilionary,  whofe  number  is  fixed  at  two  to 
a  parifli:  if  there  be  a  fupernumerary,  he 
receives  no  falary.  There  is  very  little  oc- 
ca'ion  for  money  in  a  country  where  there 
is  nothing  to  be  purchafed ;  beads  are  the 
only  money  of  the  Indians;  of  courfe  the 
college  of  Mexico  never  fends  a  piaflre  in 
fpecie,  but  the  value  in  efFeds,  fuch  as  wax- 
candles  for  the  church,  chocolate,  fugar,  oil, 
wine,  with  fome  pieces  of  linen,  which  the 
miliionaries  divide  into  fmall  girdles,  to  cover 
tiiat  which  modefty  does  not  permit  the 
converted  Indians  to  fhew  openly.  The 
falary  of  the  governor  is  4000  piaftres;  that 
of  the  lieutenant-governor  450;  that  of  tht; 
captain-infpeftor  of  the  283  cavalry,  diftri- 
buted  in  the  two  Californias,  200c.  Every 
horfeman  has  217;  but  out  of  this  he  is 
obliged  to  provide  his  fubliftence,  and  to 
furniih  himfclf  with  horfes,  clothes,  arms, 
and  all  forts  of  ncccfTaries.  The  government, 
which  poffeiTes  lluds  of  horfes,  and  brood- 
mares, and  alfo  herds  of  cattle, fells  its  horfes 
to  the  ibldiers,  as  well  as  the  food  which 
is  necefiary  for  their  confumprion.  Eight 
piaftres  is  the  price  of  a  good  horfe,  and 
that  of  an  ox  live. 

Ca/ig<i;;civ,  a  tov/n  of  the  country  of 
Gorcah.  32  miles  NW.  Gorcaii.  Lon^. 
83.53.  E.     Z^/.  28.  45.  N.  ' 

Calignaria.,  a  town  of  Iftria.  2  miles  W. 
Pedena,  37  S.  Triefte.  Long.  14.  10.  E. 
Lat.  /if^.  26.  N. 

Callgnana^  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
men':  of  the  Upper  Fo.     8  m.  NE.  Cremy.. 

GalU,  or  Mount  of  the  iVell-bclo'-jed,  a 
mountain  ofDgypt.     75  miles  SSE.  Cairo. 

Caiiiuia,  or  Calulaya^  a  town  on  the  ifland 
of  Lucon,  in  a  province  of  the  fame  nnme. 

Calimcsy  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  ofChocos.     30  miles  SSJ).  Zisara- 

Cclime.ns,  an  iiland  in  the  Crecu^iArchl- 


C  A  L 

pelago.  8  miles  long  and  3  broad.  Lo7tg. 
a6.  44-E.     Lat.%i>i.^.  ^     ^  ^, 

Cal'macron,  a  cape  on  the  coait  ot  T\a- 
tolia,  in  the  Black  fea.  ao  miles  E.  Con- 
ftantinople.  r     •    1     rt       •     i. 

Calhuitoor,  a  town  of  Hmdooitan,  m  the 
Carnatic.     1  <i  miles  W.  Tiagar. 

Calingapatam,  a  town  of  Hmdooitan,  in 
the  circar  of  Cicacole.  12,  miles  ENE.  Ci- 
cacole,  39  SE.  Kimnedy.    Long.  84.  20.  E. 

Xrt/.  18.18.  N.  .  .    .,•     J         n 

CallnU  or  Cally,  a  river  or  Hmdooitan, 
■\vhich  rifes  in  the  Dooab,  and  runs  into 
the  Jumna,  near  Canoge. 

Caliparum,  a  town  of  Hmdooitan,  in 
Coimbetore.     3a  miles  W.  Damicotta. 

Calipari,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  gulf  of  Squillace,  Long.  16.  50.  E. 
X.7/.  38.3Z.N. 

Calitondo,  a  river  of  the  ifiand  of  Java, 
which  runs  into  the  fea,  on  the  fouth  iide, 
X(j«^.  109.  12.E.     LiJ^.7.  36.S. 

Calitoor,  a  fortrefs  oftheifland  of  Ceylon, 
at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  in 
an  agreeable  country,  near  the  weft  coaft. 
In  the  year  161?,  the  Dutch  made  them- 
felves  matters  of  it,  but  were  compelled 
foon  after  to  abandon  it.  a8  miles  S.  Co- 
lumbo.     Long.  79.  50.  E.  Lat.  6.  34-  N. 

Caliiri,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Ultra.  33  miles  ESE.  Benevento.  Long. 
15.  ao.E.     Zrt/.  40- 57- ^^• 

C^/ix,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Weft-Both- 

>  nia,  on  a  river  of  the  fame  name.     22  miles 

W.Tornea.  Long.  23.  6.  E.  Laf.  65.  52.  N. 

Calix,  a  river  of  Sweden,  which  riles  on 
the  borders  oi  Norway,  and  runs  into  the 
gulf  of  Bothnia,  20  miles  W.  Tornea. 

Gallxt  Ofver,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Well- 
Bothnia.     50  miles  NVV.  Tornea. 

Cerlkd,  or  Kdka,  a  country  of  Afia, 
hounded  on  the  north  by  Siberia,  on  the  eaft 
by  Chinefe  Tartary,  on  the  fouth  by  the 
Cobi  or  lundy  deiert,  and  on  the  weft  by 
other  parts  of  Tartary,  inhabited  by  the 
Eluths  and  Calmucks. 

Calkcnn^i  a  town  of  Bengal.  40  miles 
SSW.  Dacca. 

CalLxf  a  town  of  Bengal.  40  miles  S. 
Burdwan. 

Ctilla-Sjtfnng,  a  town  and  capital  of  the 
ifiand  of  Bouton,  in  the  Indian  fea,  about 
u  mile  from  the  coaft.  The  harbour  is  not 
good,  and  the  bottom  rocky.  The  inha- 
bitants are  Mahometans,  and  fpeak  the  Ma- 
lay language.     J^oiig.  !%;;■,.  2,0-  IL-  Laf.  5.S 

Calbbajh  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifiand  of  j^i.nnaica.  n  miles  E.  Pedro 
Bluff.     Long.  77.  2 1;.  ^.  Lat.  17.  53.  N. 

Callahag,  lee  Collahaug. 

Callac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  North  Coafts.  10  miles  N. 
Roftrcnen. 

CalLiCBiU  or  C^Hmou,  a  ibrtiefs  of  lljn- 


C  A  L 

dooftan,  in  Marawar.  30  miles  N.  Rama» 
radporum,  60  S.  Tanjore.  Long.  78.  44.  E. 
Lat.K).  50.  N. 

Callah,  or  Gellah,  a  town  of  Algiers.     50 
miles  S.  Bona. 

Ca/lah,  a.  town  of  Algiers.  35  m.W.  Suef. 
Callah,  {LI,)  a  town  of  Algiers.  It  is  a 
place  of  confiderable  trade,  and  the  greatcft 
market  for  carpets  in  the  country.  It  is  a 
dirty  ill-built  town,  without  either  drains, 
pavement,  or  caufeways  ;  built  on  an  emi- 
nence, and  in  the  midft  of  other  mountains, 
which  make  part  of  Mount  Atlas.  There 
are  feveral  villages  of  the  fame  nature,  and 
in  the  like  fituation  ;  round  about  it  all  of 
them  are  very  profitably  employed  in  the 
fame  woollen  manufadtures.  The  Turks 
have  here  a  fmall  garnfbn  and  a  citadel. 
From  fome  few  large  ftones  and  pieces  of 
marble  of  ancient  workmanfhip,  we  may 
take  it  to  have  been  formerly  a  city  of  the 
Romans,  the  Giblui,or  Apfar  perhaps  of  Pto- 
lemy. 40  miles  E.  Oran,  13  NNE.  Mafcar. 
Callah  u'iccaba,  fee  Accaba. 
Callander,  ?i  town  of  Scotland,  in  Perth- 
fliire.  A  fettlcment  was  eftabliibed  here  by 
government,  for  foldiers  difcharged  after  the 
German  war  in  1763,  llnce  which  time  this 
place  has  been  gradually  improving.  In 
1 801,  it  contained  2282  inhabitants.  11 
miles  NW.  Stirling,  30  WSW.  Pertii. 

Callanore,  or  Kullanore,  a  town  of  Hin- 
dooftan,  in  the  fubah  of  Lahore.  50  miles 
E.  Lahore,  254  W.  Delhi. 

Callanfs  Oog,  a  village  of  Holland,  on 
the  fea-coaft.  In  1799,  the  Britifh  troops 
landed  near  this  place. 

Callao,  a  feaport  town  of  South-America, 
in  Peru,  fituated  on  a  river  of  the  fame 
name,  near  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  road 
is  one  of  the  moft  beautiful,  the  largeft,  and 
fafeft  in  the  South  fea.  Two  iflands,  named 
St.  Laurence  and  Callao,  and  the  pcninfula, 
which  nearly  reaches  them,  defend  veflels 
from  tlic  fouth  wind  ;  towards  the  weft  and 
north  it  is  open,  but  thefe  winds  never  blov/ 
with  violence  ;  the  fea  is  always  tranquil  ; 
the  water  is  deep  and  without  rocks.  In 
the  port  every  commodity  is  to  be  procured, 
which  vefFels  can  ftand  in  need  of;  the 
iinall  river  furniflies  plenty  of  good  water, 
and  a  mole,  furniilied  with  cranes,  makes  it 
eafy  to  load  and  unload.  Callao  is  the  ren- 
dezvous of  from  16  to  17,000  tons  of  fhip- 
ping,  5000  of  which  are  referved  for  the  na- 
vigation of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  town 
was  fortified  by  ten  baftions  and  fbme  bat- 
teries, and  defended  by  a  garrilon.  'i'hcre 
are  two  fauxbourgs  inhabited  by  Indians. 
\\\  the  year  1746,  there  were  4000  inha- 
bitants, when  the  whole  town  was  deilroyed 
by  an  earthquake ;  the  houfes  and  inhabi- 
tants werefwallowed  up,  with  nineteen  vef- 
i<c\%  four  of  winch  were  tiirown  u  coafldtr- 


C  A  L 


C  A  L 


able  way  inland.  Two  hundred  perfons  only 
efcaped  this  dreadful  calamity  ;  (ince  that 
time,  Callao  has  been  rebuilt  upon  the  fame 
plan,  but  a  little  farther  from  the  fea.  Long. 
76.  56.  W.  Lat.  12.9.  S. 

Callao,  an  ifland  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at 
the  entrance  into  the  port  of  Callao. 

Callao,  or  Campillo,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
Eaft-Indian  fea,  near  the  coalt  of  Cochin- 
China,  oppofite,  at  the  diftance  of  8  miles 
to  the  mouth  of  a  confiderable  river ;  about 
five  miles  long  and  two  broad.  Long.  108. 
30.  E.  Lat.  IS-  45- N. 

Callas,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var.  4  miles  NNE.  Draguignarl. 
Callasgoody,  a  town  of  Hindf^oftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     28  miles  E.  Coilpetta. 

Callatya,  a  town  of  Bengal.  5  miles  W. 
Dacca. 

Callaivar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gu- 
zerat.     28  miles  NNW.  Junagur. 

Callaivilla,  a  town  of  Hindoolfan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cuddapa.  20  miles  NW.  Cuddapa. 
Call^,  {La,)  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Algiers, 
where  the  French  have  a  fa<fl;ory  eftabliihed 
for  a  coral  fifliery,  and  trade  for  grain,  wool; 
hides,  wax,  &c.  It  is  fituated  on  a  barren 
rock,  almoft  furrounded  by  the  fea  ;  the 
only  inhabitants  are  thofe  employed  in  the 
faftorv.  The  chief  trade  is  in  grain,  wool, 
leather,  and  wax.  80  miles  W.  Tunis,  ^6 
E.  Bona.     Lo>:g.  8.  46.  E.  Lat.  36.  8.  N. " 

Callcayc-,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  tlic 
circar  of  Kitchwara.     6  miles  N.  Ougein. 

Callen,  a  town  of  Ireland,   in  the  county 
of  Kilkenny ;  before  the  union  it  fent  two 
members  to  the  Irilh  parliament.     9  miles 
SSW.  Kilkenny,  16  E.  Cafhel. 
Callenb.'rg,  fee  Calenberg. 
Callcnherg,  a  chain  of  mountains  of  Ger- 
Kiany,  which  commence   about  five  miles 
from  Vienna,  and  crofs  the  dutchy  of  Stiria. 
Calleiidburg,  fee  Calliuidborg. 
Calleo,  a  town  of  Bengal.  80  m.  N.Dacca. 
CaUiagh  C/7w.',arockin  the  Atlantic,  near 
Binvey  Head,  on  the  weft  coaft  of  j  Ireland. 
Lotig.f).  36.  W.  Lat.  54.  21.  N. 

Calliati,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var.     10  m.  NE.  Draguignan. 

Calllan,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bag- 
lana.     23  miles  E.  BalTeen. 

Call'iaiiee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Dowlatabad.  It  is  large  and 
populous,  confifting  of  one  long  ftreet  filled 
with  Ihops  ;  the  houfes  are  built  of  rofe- 
wood,  and  covered  with  thatch.  65  miles 
W  Beder,  85  E.  Vifiapour.  Long.  76.  54. 
E.  Lat.  17.45.  N. 

Calltano,  a  village  of  the  Tyrolefe,  near 
the  Adige,  where  are  defiles  fuppofed  to  be 
an  impregnable  defence  to  the  city  of  Trent. 
Thefe  defiles  were  forced  by  the  French  in 
September  1796.  6  miles  from  Trent. 
Qalhanpoui-y  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in 


the  circar  of  Jyenagur.    23  miles  NNW. 
Jeypuur. 

Calliany,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Tellin- 
gana      50  miles  W.  Warangola. 

Call'iar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Vifia-. 
pour,     19  miles  W.Currer. 

Calligwigc,  a  town  of  Bengal.     54  miles 
N.  Dacca. 

Calligunge,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles 
NE.  Gcragot. 

Callinger,'A  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Alla- 
habad, in    the   circar  of  Bundlecund.     -jz, 
miles  WSVV  Allahabad.     Long.  80.  48.  E. 
Lat.  25.  o.  N. 

Callington,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Cornwall :  it  fends  two  members 
to  parliament,  with  a  weekly  market  on 
Wednefday.  In  1801,  it  contamed  819 
inhabitants.  10  miles  S.  Launcefton,  213W. 
London.  Lo7ig.  4.  38.  W.  Lat.  50.  28.  N. 
Calliondroog,  a  fortrefs  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.     15  miles  N.  Rettinghery. 

6W///)<?«^,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  22  miles 
NW.  Poonah. 

Callijhwa,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.    5  miles  S.  Polore. 

Calloma,  or  Caylloma,  a  town  of  Peru, 
and  capital  ofa  jurifdiction,in  the  biftiopric 
olArequipa,  celebrated  for  its  lilver  mines. 
46  miles  NNE.  Arequipa,  140  S.  Cufco. 

Calloo,  a  fortrefs  on  the  Scheldt,  where 
the  Dutch  were  defeated  by  the  Spaniards, 
in  1638.     5  miles  W.  Antwerp. 

Calloroy  oueof  the  fmallerFriendlyiflands. 
Long.  185.  7.E.  Lat.  21.  29.  S. 

Callour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Vifia- 
pour.    6  miles  E.  Sollapour. 

Calliica,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Diarbekir.  i^  miles  NNW. 
Kerkifieh. 

Callimdhorg,  or  Kallundburg,  a  feaport 
town  of  Denmark,  (ituated  in  a  bay  on  the 
weft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Zealand,  with 
the  bcft  harbour,  next  to  Copenhagen,  on 
the  ifland.  It  has  a  caftle,  in  v.'hich  Chrift- 
ian  II.  died  a  prilbner,  and  Albert  king  of 
Sweden  was  confined;  but  in  1658,  the 
Swedes  blew  it  up.  It  is  now  fallen  to  de- 
cay. 60  miles  W.  Copenhagen.  Long.  11. 
6.E.  7.^^55.46.  N. 

Callnvij,  a  town  of  Prufllia,  in  the  circle 
of  Natangen.     25  miles  S.  Raftenburg. 

Cally,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Barra- 
maul.     16  miles  NE.  Darempoury. 

Cally  Sindi,  a  river  of  Hindooftan,  which 
rifes  near  Indore,  and  after  joining  the  Se- 
pia,  and  fome  others,  at  length  falls  into  the 
Chumbul. 

Callygot,  a  U)wn  of  Bengal,  a  miles  S. 
Calcutta. 

Callygunge,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince ot  Baharbund.     8  miles  SE.  Oliapour. 
Callyjury,  a  town  of  Bengal.    70  miles 
NKE.'Ducca. 


C  A  L 


C  A  L 


Cailypady,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the  Calmar,  in  1.^97  ;  by  -which  it  was  decreed, 

Camatic.  "'i  7  miles  SSE.  Ciiittoor.  that  Deninark,  Sweden,  and  Norway,  Ihould 

Calm,  {La.)  a  town  of  France,  in   the  be   governed   by  one  and  the   fame   J;ing, 

department  of  the  Aveiron.  30  miles  NNE.  who  fliould  be  chofen  fucccflivtly  by  each 

Rhodez.  of  the  three  kingdoms,  and  then  approved 

Ciih'i  P(///,'^,  a  cape  on  the- weft  coaft  of  by  a  general   aflembly    of  the  whole.    In 

North-AiTiCrica,  fo  called  by  Capt. "Cook,  in  1611,  it  was  beiieged  by  the  Danes,  who 

1778.     /y^/.  58.38.  N.  took  it  by  ftorm,  and  put  the  inhabitants, 

Ccihnac,  or  Cqhmic^  a  part  of  Tartary,  on  without  refped  to  age  or  fex,  to  the  fword. 

the  bordcisof  Rulfia,  north-eaft  of  Turkes-  The  new  town   is  large  but  not  populous  ; 

tan.     The  Calmuc  Tartars  are  ftrong  made  the  fortifications  conlilt  only  of  tJiick  walls 

men,  with  broad  faces,  llattilh  nofes,  and  built  of  pcbblc-ftones  taken  out  of  the  fea, 

eyes  fmall,  black,  and  quick.   Their  drefs  is  and  a  few  rampans  of  earth  fupported  by 


limple,  confifrir.g  of  a  kiofe  coat  of  fheep- 
fkin,  tied  with  2  girdle,  a  iKail  round  cap 
turned  up  v/ith  fur,  having  a  tislTel  of  red 
iilk  at  the  top  ;  leather  or  linen  drawers, 
and  boots.  Their  heads  are  ill  fliarcd,  ex- 
cept a  lock  behind,  which  is  plaited,  and 
hangs  down  the  back.  They  are  armed 
U'ith  bows  and  arrows,  a  fabre,  and  lance  ; 
and  are  almoft  always  on  horfebagk.  The 
drefs  of  the  women  differs  but  little  from 


another  wall,  which  the  fea  furrounds  on 
all  fides  except  the  ga.te;  all  the  avenues 
are  full  of  m.arfnes,  or  cut  off  by  the  fea 
which  here  abounds  with  rocks  ;  fo  that  its 
fituaticn  is  very  ftrong.  On  the  fea-fide  is 
a  long  m.ole  built  with  ftone,  along  which 
boats  and  fnips  can  ride  fecure.  This  mole 
is  defended  by  a  fortreis  called  Gr:mlkar» 
built  about  fifty  paces  fiom  it,  on  a  rock 
furrounded  by  the  fea,    where   a  garriion 


the  men,  only  their  gowns  are  fomething    is  conflantly  kept.    Behind  the  eld  town 


longer  than  the  coats  of  the  men,  a  litd 
ornamented,  and  bordered  with  partv-co- 
loured  cloth.     The  richer  fort  wear  filk  in 
funimer.  They  are  for  the  mofl  part  honeft, 
and  adultery  is  a  crime  feldom  heard  of. 
Their  v/ealth   ccnfills  in  their  cattle,  dro- 
medaries, camels,  horfes,  cows,  and  fneep. 
The  Tartars  make  good  and  faithful  fer- 
vants,   and  the  move  m.ildly  they  are  ufed, 
the  better  they  perform  their  duty.    They 
have  no  money  except  what  they  get  from 
their  neighbours  in  exchange  for  cattle,  and 
vs  iththis  they  purchafe  what  they  want;  forac- 
timesmeal,  but  chiefly  cloth, (ilk,  fluff,  and 
other  articles  for  the  women.    There   are 
among    them    no   mechanics   but    fmiths. 
They  avoid  all  labour,  and  their  only  em- 
ployment is  taking  care  of  their  flocks,  ri- 
ding, and  hunting.     Their  langnagt  is  faid 
to  contain  none  of  thofe  horrid  oaths  ccm- 
inon  among  people  more  enlightened,  and 


Hands  the  cafflc,  of  very  difficult  accefs, 
having  the  fea  on  one  fide,  and  on  the  other 
1  amparts,  baflions,  and  ditches  full  of  water. 
It  is  a  place  of  good  trade,  and  the  paifage 
from  Sweden  to  Germany.  Long.  16.  9. 
E.  /..7/.  56.  41.  N. 

Cahnina,  or  Llaros,  anciently  Calavij,  a 
fmall  ifland  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
near  the  coafl  of  Afia.  This  is  a  very 
mountainous  ifland,  and  from  it  they  fay 
Ephefus  maybe  feen,  at  80  miles  diflance. 
7  miles  NW.  Stanchio.  Long.  i6.  46.  E. 
/.rrA36.5  6.  K. 

Calvio/it,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Garonne,  ai  miles 
SSE.  Touloufe. 

Calviont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aveiron.     7  miles  S.  Rhodez. 

Calue,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Wilts,  formerly  a  place  of  great  confe- 
quence,  and   memorable  for  a  fynftd  held 


to  fhew  their  anger  towards  a  perfon,  they  here  in  the  year  977,  to  decide    a  dilbute 

with   he   may  be   confined   to   live  in  one  between  the  fecular  and  regular  clergy  ;  in 

place,  and  v/ork   hke  a  RafTian.     On    long  which  the  timber  of  the  room  giving  way, 

inarches  ah  tlieir  provifions  confift  of  chccie,  many    of  the  priells   were  killed.     It  fends, 

or  iMthcr  dried  curd,   made  up    into   little  two  members    to   parliament,    and   has    a 

balls,  and  mixed  with  water  to  drink.  If  this  good  weekly  market.     In  1801,  the  number 

food  fail,  they  kill  and  cat  their  horfes,  of  of  inhabitants  was  3 76 7, of  w 


v/hich  they  have  gt:nerally  many  to  fpare. 
Their  religion  is  idolatrous,  and  they  be- 
lieve in  the  traniinigration  of  fouls.  They 
have  many  lamas  or  piiefls,  the  principal 
of  which  is  called  Dalay  Lama. 

C'thn'jr,^  ,1  fi.iport  of  Sweden,  in  the 
province  of  Smaland,  near  ;he  Baltic  ICa, 
defended  by  walls,  ditches,  a  cafUe,  and 
redoubts.  It  is  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  and  con- 
tains about  500  houfes.  Its  chief  exports 
arc  planks,  alum,  and  hemp.  This  place 
k/Mi  famous  fot  a  trenty  called  the  Union  of 


horn  1077  were 
employed  in  tradv  and  manufa6fures.  19 
miles  E.  Bath,  87  Vv.  London.  Long.  2.  2. 
yV.  Lat.^^i.  2().^. 

Cciloheio,  a  river  of  Darien,  which  runs 
into  the  Spanilh  Main,  Long.  88.  ss-  ^^• 
Lai.  8.  48.  N. 

Calogcriza,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  liulgaria.     64  miles  E.Sofia. 

Cdmcra,  or  Calogera,  a  fmall  Greek 
ifland,  in  the  Archipelago.  15  miles  S.  An- 
dros.     /...rv^^-.  15.  16.  E.  /^t//.  38.  7.N. 

CaloLivuic,  afniall  ifland  in  the  Propontis, 


C  A  L 

ivear  the  coufl  of  Afia,  anciently  called  Bcf- 
bicus,  fuppofed  to  have  been  icparated  trom 
the  continent  by  an  earthquake.  Long.  iZ. 
31.  E.  L(Jt.  40.  31.  N. 

Caloiicry  Point,  a  cape  on  the  caft  coaft 
oi  the  illand  ofSt.  Vincent,  i  mile  S.  Young 
Point. 

Ciiloniy  a  to',vn  of  the  ifland  of  Mettelin, 
in  a  gulf  to  which  it  gives  name,  in  which 
arc  two  Greek  convents. 

Caloti',  a  tovvii  of  Abyllinia.  36  miles  S- 
Arkiko. 

Cakto,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Popa van.  65  miles  SE.Popayan. 

Caloude,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
province  of  Dowlatabad.  4  miles  W.  Car- 
mulla,  aio  NVV.  Hydrabad.  Long.  75.28. 
E.  Lat.  18.  42-  N. 

Cahur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Vifia- 
pour.     16  miles  W.  Rachore. 

Calpauns,  a  town  of  Bengal.  35  miles 
SW.  Beyhar. 

Calpc,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  on 
the  coall.  1-5  miles  S.  Denia.  Long,  o.  8. 
W.  Lat.  38.^37.  N. 

Calpentectit  an  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  weft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cevlon, 
about  40  miles  long,  and  6  broad.  Long. 
79.50.  E.  Lat.  8.N. 

Calpoiteciu  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  the 
fame  name.  Long.  79.  50.  E.  Lat.  8. 15.  N. 

Calpcny,  one  of  the  Laccadivelflands,  in 
thclndianiea.  Long.  73.29.E.Lrf/.io.5.N. 

Calpy,  a  town  of  Hintiooltan,  in  the 
country  of  Agra.  115  miles  SE.  Agra,  115 
NW.  Allahabad.  Lon':.  80.4.  E.  Lat.  36. 
8.  N. 

Calfary,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guze- 
rat.     10  miles  ESE.  Junagur. 

CalJ'oe,  one  of  the  Faroer  Iflands,  in  the 
North  fea.  Long.  6.  22.  W.  Lat.  62.  2 1.  N. 

Caljhot  Cajllc,  a  fortrcfs  of  England,  in 
the  county  of  Hants,  fuuated  at  the  mouth 
q1  the  Southampton  water. 

Caltagirone,  lee  Calatagirone, 

Caha^  one  of  the  fmailer  Scotch  Hebrides, 
rear  the  eaft  coaft  of  South  Uift.  Long.  7. 
J4- W.  Lat.  ST.  7.N. 

Calvados,  one  of  the  departments  of 
France,  fo  called  from  a  long  ridge  of  rocks, 
rear  the  coaft  of  what  was  heretofore  called 
Normandy;  extending  from  the  Seine  e>-ift- 
erly,  to  the  Vire  wefterly,  about  50  miles ; 
and  30  miles  from  north  to  fouth.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Englifli  Chan- 
rel,  on  the  caft  by  the  department  of  the 
Eure,  on  the  ft'Uth  by  the  departments  of  the 
Orne  and  the  Channel ;  which  laft,  bounds 
bounds  it  on  the  weft.  The  principal  rivers 
arc  the  Orne,  the  Vire,  and  the  Dive.  Caen 
is  the  capital. 

Calvados,  a  ridge  of  rocks,  near  the  coaft 
of  France,  12  miles  in  length.  Long.  o.  i8. 
W'  Lat.^^.  22.  N. 


C  A  L 

Cahatone,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  thedepirt- 
rnent  of  the  Upper  Po.  18  miles  £•  Cre- 
mona, 14  W-  Mantua. 

Caliicala,  a  river  of  Angola,  which  VWt 
into  the  Coanza,  near  its  mouth. 

Calvduzzo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Baflli» 
cata.     10  mile^  S.  Potenzo. 

Calventura,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  bay  of 
Bengal;  near  the  coaft  of  Ara.  Long.^$- 
20.  E.  Lat.  16.  54.  N. 

Cahsntura  Rocks,  rocks  in  the  bay  of 
Bengal.     Long.  94.  23, E.  Lat.  16.  ai.N, 

Calverley,  a  townfhip  of  England,  in  the 
'  W^'Jl-Riding  of  Yorkllure,   with  a  popula- 
tion of  1 12  7  inhabitants,  half  of  whom  aie 
employed  in  trade   and  manufadturcj.      4 
miles  NE.  Bradford. 

Cahert,  a  county  of  the  ftate  of  Maryland, 
in  United  America. 

Calvcrt^s  IJland,  an  ifland  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  weft  coaft  of  2>Jorth. 
America.  Long.\i%.  10.  W. //«/.  50.  40.N. 

Calves^  IJlets  and  Rocks,  in  Roaringwatcr 
Ray,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  Ireland.  Long. 
9.  25.  W.     Lat.  51.  26.  N. 

Calve/chin,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  the  terri- 
tory of  Culm.     12  miles  NE.  Thorn. 

Caht,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Lavora,  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fuffragan  of 
Capua.  In  1798,  it  was  taken  by  the  French. 
6  miles  N.  Capua,  27  W.  Benevento.  Long. 
14.5.  E.  Lat-  41.  12.  N. 

Calvi,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Corfica, 
and  principal  place  of  a  diftri(5l,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Golo;  fituated  on  a  tongue 
of  land,  which  form.s  one  of  the  moft  beau- 
tiful harbours  in  the  ifland,  called  the  Gulf 
of  Calvi,  defended  by  a  good  citadel,  and 
feveral  baftions.  It  was  taken  on  capitula- 
tion by  the  Englifn,  on  the  icth  of  Auguffc 
1794.  The  garriibn  marched  out  with  the 
honours  of  war,  and  were  conveved  to  Tou- 
lon. 33  miles  WSW.Baftia.  Long.Z.^^. 
E.  Lat.  42.  28.  N. 

Caluja,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  fea  of  Mm- 
doro.     Long.  121.  15.  E.  Lat.  9.  26.  N. 

Cak'iella,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Bafilicata. 
13  miles  §SE.  Potenza. 

Calvij'ano,  a  tov/n  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  tlie  Mela.     12  miles  SSE.  Brelcia. 

Cahijjon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gard.  3  miles  E.  Sommieres, 
9  SW.  Niraes. 

Cahiti,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     II  miles  E.  Cariati. 

Caluma,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,  Lat.  9.  N. 

Calumana,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Bambara. 
Long.  4.  2. E.     Lat.  IT,.  48. N. 

Calunipan.,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Lu§on.  Long.  120.  32.  E. 
Lat.  14.  20.  N. 

Calvo,  a  mountain  of  Naples,  in  Capita* 
nata.    II  n^ilcs  N.  Manfredoiiia. 


GAM 


CAM 


CdhorJ,  cr  Calnxjurde,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  dutchy  of  Magdeburg,  on  the 
Ohra.     21  miles  NW.  Magdeburg. 

Caliifio,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Po.     5  miles  N.  Chivaffo. 

Caliito^,  a  town  ot  South-America,  in  the 
governm.cnt  of  Popayan.  70  miles  ESE. 
Popayan,  85  SSW.Neyva. 

Ca'liv,  a  town  of  VVurtemberg,  on  the 
Nagold,  with  a  manufadure  of  lerges  and 
of  china.  As  early  as  the  nth  century, 
this  town  had  courts  of  its  own  ;  in  the  14th, 
it  was  annexed  to  Wurtemberg  ;  and  in 
3e6cc,  the  caftlein  which  the  ancient  cou-::s 
relided  was  razed.  In  1632,  the  town  was 
taken  by  the  Imperialills,  and  in  1692  by  the 
French.  16  miles  WSW.  Stuttgart,  24  ESE. 
Raftadt.    Long.  8.  50'.  E.  Lat.  48.  47.  N. 

Calyajtiry,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ben- 
gal. "40  miles  SW.  Silhet. 
-  Calymere  Point,  on  the  fouthern  extremity 
cf  the  eaft  coaftof  the  Carnatic  country,  in 
Hindoollan.  Zca/^. 79.55,!;.  Lat.  jo.zt,M, 
Calziida,  a  townof  Spain,  in  OldCaftile. 
once  the  fecof  abifhop,  united  to  Calahorra. 
40  miles  W.  Calahorra.  Long.  %.  56.  W. 
Let.  42.  19.  N. 

•  Calzo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  die  department 
of  the  Upper  Po,  on  the  Oglio.  la  miles 
NNE.  Crema. 

Caili,  or  Grant  a,  a  river  of  England, 
which  rifes  about  five  miles  from  Satfron- 
WaJden  in  Eflex,  pafFcs  by  Cambridge,  and 
joins  the  Oufe,  3  miles  S.  Ely. 

Ca77i,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin  iflands,  in 
the  Weft-Indies.  Long.  63.  25.  W.  Lat. 
18.  20.  N. 

Cam,  a  river  of  England,  which  rifes  in 
Gloucefterfliire,  and  runs  into  the  Severn, 
6  miles  NNE.  Berkeley. 

Cam,  a  populous  village  of  England,  in 
GloLcellerfhire.  In  iSoi,  near  600  of  the 
inhabitants  were  employed  in  manufadlures. 
I  mile  N.  Durfley. 

Ca-uadcli,  a  town  of  Etruria.  37  miles 
E.  Floiencc.  Long.  12.E.  Lat.  43.  48.  N. 
■  Catfiakura,^\.o\\n  of  Japan,  in  theifland 
cfNiphon.     12  miles  E.  Jedo. 

Camawjiigoyen  Bay,  a  bay  in  the  north 
part  of  Like  SuperiouV.  Long.  83.  ss-  W. 
Lat.  48.  24.  N. 

CaniairJIi'Toyen,  a  river  of  Canada,  which 
runs  into  lake  Superiour,  foimingabay  at 
its  mouth,  Long.  89.  W.  Lat.  48.  27.  N. 

Ca:;uii!iu,  „  town  of  Brafil,  on  the  coaft. 
40  miles  N.  ilheos. 

Cavtnn:j,  a  town  of  South-America,  and 
capiial  of  a  jurifuiftion  in  Peru,  fituated  on 
a  river  of  the  fimie  name,  near  the  South 
P.icific  Ocian.  The  country  about  yields 
wine  and  fruits,  and  in  the  town  are  fome 
n-.-ni  tpc'ti.rcs.     70  milts  VV,  Arequipa. 

Caviana'^rAa,  a  tov.n  of  South-America,  in 
jhc  provinu-'of  Cumana.  4cm.  W.Cumanu. 


Ca;naran,  or  Kantaran,  an  ifland  in  the 
Red  fea,  about  30  miles  in  length,  and  20 
in  breadth,  about  8  miles  from  the  coaft  of 
Arabia.  The  inhabitants  are  principally 
employed  in  filhing,  efpecially  for  pearls 
and  coral.    Long.  42.  22.  E.  Lat.  15. 6.  N. 

Camarana,  lee  St.  Maria  ds  Caiuarana. 

Camarafa,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Citaionia, 
on  the  river  Segro.     3  m.  above  Baiaguer. 

Caniarana,  a  river  of  Sicily,  which  runs 
intothefea,on  the  fouth  coaft,  Long.  13.  32. 
E.  Lat.  36.  5c.  N. 

Ca'/iieratiba,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,  Lat.  6.  ^s-.^- 

Cawarca,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Samos. 
6  miles  WNW.  Cora. 

Camargos,  a  town  of  Brafil,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Minas  Geraes.  2,5  miles  NE. 
Vilia  Rica. 

Cauiarina,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon. 
4  miles  S.  Teruel. 

Cnniargiie,  an  ifland,  or  clufter  of  iflands, 
of  France,  in  the  mouth  of  the  Rhone,  fe- 
parated  by  canals,  and  furtilied  ;  the  whole 
contain  about  81  fquare  rnilcs,  and  are  di- 
vided into  eight  pariilies  ;  the  land  is  ex- 
ceedinglyfertile,  but  the  air  is  unwholefome. 

Camaret,  a  town  of  Fiance,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Finifterre,  fituated  in  a  bay,  to 
which  it  gives  name.  In  the  year  1694,  the 
Englifh  made  a  defcent  hete,  with  an  intent 
to  attack  the  town  of  Ereft,  tut  were  com- 
pelled to  give  up  the  enterprife,  with  the 
lols  of  a  confiderable  number  of  men  :  fome 
accounts  fay  1200.     8  miles  S.  Breft. 

Camarlnas,  a  tpwn  oi  Spain,  near  the  fea- 
coaft  of  Galicia.    40  mile-  S\'\''.  Coru.ina. 

Camarincr,  themoft  foutnern  province  of 
the  ifland  of  Lugon,  one  of  ^'v  Philippines, 
in  which  are  found  feveral  iprings  of  warm 
water,  Ibme  of  a  petrifying  quality.  Ca- 
cerc     s  the  capital. 

Curiarioca,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 
15  miles  E.  Havanna. 

Carnarones,  a  river  of  Patagonia,  which 
runs  into  the  Atlantic,  forming  a  bay  at  its 
mouth,  i^?/.  46.  30.  S. 

Carnarones,  ox  "J amour,  a  river  of  Africa, 
which  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  n.  30. 
E.  iv^/.  3.28.N.  ■  ■      - 

Carnarones,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 
75  miles  SE.  Havanna. 

Carnarones,  a  river  of  Peril,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  36  miles  S.  Arica. 

Camarfac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gironde.  9  miles  E.  Bour- 
deaux. 

Camarfen,  a  town  of  the  Tyrolefe.  30 
miles  W.Bolzano,  12  E.  Bormio. 

Cambadas,  a  town  of  Sj5ain,'in  Galicia, 
near  the  fea.     16  miles  W.  Ponte-Vedra. 
'    6V/wi^^?/6d'e',a riverof South-Carolina, which 
runs  into  the  fea  near  St.  Helena's  Soundj 
Long.  80.  3a.  W.  Lat.  2%.  38.  N. 


C  AM 

Ca}nlalay  a  mountain  ofThibct,  fouth  of 
the  Sanpoo.     20  miles  S\V.  L;di"a. 

Cavibara,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland 
of  Niphon.     40  miles  SW.  Nigata. 

Cambat,  the  moit  fouthern  province  of 
Abyllinia,  inhabited  by  a  people  called  Seb- 
a-adja,  who  aie  a  mixture  of  Chriftians, 
Mahometans,  and  Pagans,  Hnder  a  prince 
nominally  tributary  to  the  negus.  It  is  abun- 
dant in  fruits.  Long.  37.  1038.  E.  Lat- 
7.  to  8.  N.       _ 

Cambay,  a  city  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guzerat. 
This  is  one  of  tlie  largell  and  moll  beautiful 
towns  in  India,  lituated  about  a  league  from 
the  gulf  to  which  it  gives  name,  on  the  river 
Myhie.  The  houfes  are  built  of  Hone, 
bricks,  or  marble.  Th-^ie  are  three  bazars, 
or  public  markets,  and  tour  public  cillerns, 
whicii  are  capable  ot  fupplying  the  whole 
town  with  water,  in  times  of  the  greateft 
drought.  It  is  defended  by  a  ifrong  wall, 
about  live  miles  in  circumference;  its  prin- 
cipal commerce  conldls  mfpices,  elephants' 
teeth,  fluffs  of  hlk  and  cotton,  and  other 
jnerchandize,  which  are  brought  from  all 
parts.  The  inhabitants  go  to  Diu,  to  Goa, 
Acheen,  Arabia,  and  Perlia,  to  trade;  its 
conmierce  would  be  more  flouriflring,  if  it 
had  a  good  pert,  but  its  own  has  no  more 
than  Ifcven  fathoms  wa'cr  in  the  highcll 
tides,  and  the  gulf  is  full  of  rocks,  covered  at 
low  water.  Long.  72.  .•?6.E.  Lat.  22.  17.  N. 

Cambuza,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Jerfmgo. 

Ca7?!be,  (La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Calvados,  i  %  m.  WNW. 
Bayeux. 

Ca?-/ibe!lo,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Ceram, 
and  principal  market  for  cloves. 

Cavibergy  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Lower  Eledorate.  22  miles  N.  Mentz,  30 
E.  Cobientz. 

Cavibcrga7n,  a  town  of  Hindooffan,  in 
Dowlatabad.     8  miles  SW.  Amednagur. 

Ca}iiber?2on,  a  town  ot  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Channel.  3  miles  NE. 
Coutances. 

Ca?<iberry,  a  town  of  Cochin.  12  miles  E. 
Cranganorc. 

Caifiherivell,  a  confiderable  village  of 
England,  in  the  county  of  Surry.  In  1801, 
it  contained  7059  inhabitants,  a  miles  S. 
London. 

Cayjibes.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde.  9  m.  SSE.  Bourdeaux. 

Cambione,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lario,  on  the  lake  of  Lugano. 
J  2  miles  NW.  Como. 

Cavihia,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gogna,  on  a  iinall  river  which 
runs  into  the  Po.     7  miles  ENE.  Valenza. 

Cambodia,  Cai/iboja,  or  Caviboya,  a  coun- 
try of  Alia,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Laos, 
on  the  call  by  Cochjc-Chinu  :;nd  Chiampa, 


e  A  M 

on  the  fouth  by  thcfea,  and  on  the  v/cfV by" 
Siam,  about  405  miles  in  length,  and  150  in 
breadth.  The  air  is  exceedingly  hot,  which 
compels  the  inhabitants  to  rclide  chictly  by 
the  tides  of  rivers  or  lakes,  where  they  are 
tormented  by  mofquitos.  The  toil  is  fertile, 
producing  corn,  rice,  excellent  legumes, 
iugar,  indigo,  opium,  camphor,  and  different 
medicinal  drugs  in  abundance;  raw  lilk  and 
ivory  are  of  little  value.  Gold  of  great  pu- 
rity, amethylb.,  hyacinths,  rubies,  topazes, 
and  other  precious  rtones,  are  found ;  cattle, 
of  the  cow  kind,  are  exceedingly  numerous, 
a  tolerably  good  one  may  be  purchafcd  for  a. 
crown,  and  140  pounds  of  rice  forfourpence. 
Elephants,  lions,  tygers,  and  almoJl  all 
the  animals  cf  the  delcrts  of  Africa,  are  found 
there.  Among  the  trees  are  the  fandal  and 
eagle  wood;  and  a  particular  tree,  in  the 
juice  of  which  they  dip  their  arrows;  a 
wound  given  from  one  of  the  arrows  in 
faid  to  prove  mortal,  though  the  juice  itfelf 
may  be  drank  without  danger.  This  coun- 
try, fo  rich  by  nature,  is  almoll  a  defert,  the  ' 
king  being  fcarcely  able  to  aflemble  30,000  • 
men.  The  inhabitants  are  a  mixture  of  Ja- 
panefe  and  Malays,  with  fome  Poituguefc, 
who  live  without  priefls,  and  have  inter- 
married with  the  natives.  Their  religion  is 
idolatry;  the  men  are  in  general  well  made, 
with  longhair,  and  of  a  yellow  countenance; 
their  drefs  is  a  long  and  large  robe ;  the  drefs 
of  the  women  is  fhorter  and  clofer;  they 
are  handfome,  butimmodeif.  They  manu-  • 
fadure  exceeding  fine  cloth,  and  their 
needle-work  is  much  admired. 

Cambodia,  or  Mccoji,  or  Miccn,  a  river  of 
Afi;i,  which  rifes  in  the  country  of  Thibet, 
paffes  through  Yunnan  a  province  of  China, 
the  countries  of  Laos  and  Camboja,  and  runs 
into  the  Chinefe  it;a,  Long.  104.  10.  E. 
Lat.  10.  N. 

Cambodia,  or  Levek,  a  city  of  Aiia,  and 
capital  of  the  country  of  Cambodia,  lituated 
on  a  river,  which  goes  by  the  fcveral  names 
of  Mecon,  Cambodia,  Micon,  or  Japanefc 
river.     Long.  10.  3c.  E.     Lat.  13.  N. 

Cambona,  afmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fe::, 
near  the  fouth  coafl  of  the  ifland  of  Celebes.     I 
Long.  125.  45.  E.     Lat.  I.  22.  S. 

Cambonss,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tarn.     7  miles  E.  Caff  res. 

Cambonrn,  a  town  of  England,  in  tlie 
county  of  Cornwall.  12  miles  W.  Truro. 
269  W.  London. 

Cajubray,  a  city  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  dilfrid,  in  the  department  of  the 
North,  lituated  on  the  Scheld;  before  the 
revolution,  the  capital  of  Carabrelis,  and  fte 
of  an  archbifliop.  It  is  large,  and  contains 
ten  parillies,  and  about  3000  houfes.  The 
principal  manufactures  are  lace,  cambric, 
foap,  and  leather.  In  the  year  1544,  Cam- 
bray  was  taken  by  the  emperor  Charles  V. 


CAM 


C  A  M 


Fn  the  year  r^?96,  it  was  befieged  by  tlie 
Spaniards,  and  the  inhabitants  compelled 
the  governor  to  furrender.  In  the  month 
ofAuguft  1793,  this  city  was  inverted,  and 
fiimmoncd  to  furrender  bv  the  Auftrian  ge- 
neral De  Bores;  the  French  ,qeneral  Declay 
infv^ered,  that  he  did  not  underftand  fur- 
rendering,  but  that  he  knew  hnw  to  fight. 
On  the  23d  of  April  1794,  the  French  were 
defeated  at  Csfar's  Camp,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, by  the  allied  army,  under  the  com- 
mand of  the  Duke  of  York,  with  the  lofs 
of  iicomen,  and  three  pieces  of  cannon; 
and  the  next  day,  they  left  1200  men  dead 
on  the  field  of  battle,  with  the  lofs  of  their 
general  Chapuy,  350  officers  and  privates 
tiken  prifoners,  and  22  pieces  of  cannon. 
i^  ports  S3W.  Bruffels,  21-4  NI-JE.  Paris. 
Lf'7'f-  j.  I.  E.    Lat.  50.  10.  I^. 

Cambrcmer,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
part, of  the  Calvados,     i.y  miles  E.Caen. 

Canihrcfrs,  before  the  revolution,  a  coun- 
try of  France,  in  the  environs  cf  Cambray, 
which  was  the  capital. 

Cambridge,  a  town  of  Maryland,  on  the 
Choptank.  S?  miles  SSW.  Philadelphia. 
L^yng.  76.  TO.  W.     Lat.  38.  33.  N. 

Cambridge,  z  to\w  of  South-Carolina. 
This  place  was  firft  called  Ninety-Six,  be- 
cam'i:  it  was  [o  manv  miles  dilnnt  from 
Keov.-e  in  the  Cherokee  country,  and  it  was 
originnlly  furrounded  with  a  fccckade,  as  a 
protcclion  againft  the  I-idians.  In  1780,  it 
was  taken  bv  the  Fiiiti!'ii;  by  whom  it  was 
farther  fortified  with  f.xteen  falient  angles, 
a  ditch,  frieze,  and  abbatis.  In  17S1,  it  was 
;»Ui:acked  by  the  Americans,  under  General 
Greene,  but  the  garrilon  made  a  brave  de- 
fercc,  and  after  a  r.ionth's  efforts,  the  enemy 
retreated  with  lofs.  51  miles  WNW.  Co- 
lumbia. I-''>"g.  82.  1.  W.  I,at.  34.  8.  N. 
CarmbriJgey  a  town  oi  United  America, 
iri  the  ii are  oi'  Maiiachufctts,  chiefiv  known 
f;ir  its  un'werfity,  originally  founded  as  a 
ccilcge;  and  on  account  of  the  liberal  bene- 
f\tl!on  of  a  clergyman  ot  the  name  of  Ha- 
\.\\6,  was  called  Ihivard  college  in  1638. 
}n  i<')42,  the  governor  of  the  province,  the 
d'jputy-governor,  magiffrates,  and  fix  neigh- 
bouring clcrgyn-jen,  together  with  the  pre- 
'i.ient,  were  incorporated  as  truli:ecs;  and, 
in  1650,  it  vv'as  conilitutcd  ;in  univerfity  by 
c'.iarter.  It  conJills  of  four  handfoiiic  brick 
L'.uidingp,  called  Havard-]iall,Mall;ichufetts- 
Hall,  Hol!is-Haii_,  and  Iloldcn  Cliapel.  Ha- 
varri-Hall  pc'iiLfit:.  a  good  librarv,  and  the 
pljilofophtcal  apparatus  is  faid  to  be  the  moit 
coir.pic'-e  in  America,  and  to  have  coll  up- 
wards of  14C0I.  Iteiiing.  4  ni.  NW.  Bofton. 
Cambridge^  a  town  of  England,  fituatcd 
on  the  river  Cam,  in  a  county  to  whicli  it 
g'ves  nan;e,  kn.avn  in  ilictime  cfthe  R;imans 
l>y  the  name  gI  iyivanta.  The  town  is  di- 
vided into  four   waids,  containing  thirteen 


pariflics,  and  was  incorporated   in  t?)e  year 
Tioi,  by  Henry  I.  with  a  mayor,  aldermen, 
recorder,   &c.      Its   principal    celebrity   'k, 
owing  to  the  univerfity,  founded}  in  all  pro- 
bability,  by  Sigebert  king  of  the  Eafl-An- 
gles,  in   the  year    630.     The  univerfity  is 
governed  by  a  chancellor,  v/ho  maybe  ele<5f- 
cd  every  tfirec  years,  or  remain  in  office  by 
confent  ofthe  f^nate,  with  a  vice-chancellor, 
commiffary,  and  high-fteward.     The  chan- 
cellor's courts  enjoy  the  folc  jurifdiclion,  in 
exclufion  of  the  king's  courts,  over  all  civii 
actions  and  fuits  whatfoeA'er,  where  s  fchclar 
or  privileged  pcrfon   is  one  of  the  parties  ; 
except  where  the  right  of  freehold  iscon- 
cerned.      The   vice-chn.ncellor  is   annually 
chcfen  on  the  4th  of  Nov.  by  the  body  ofthe 
univerfity,  out  of  two   peribns   nominated 
by  the  heads  of  the  colleges.    Tu-o  proctors 
are  alio  annually  chofen,   as  alfo  are  two 
taxers,  who,  with  the  proflors,  have  cogni- 
zance ofthe  weights  and  meafures,  as  clerks 
ofthe  market.    The  univerfity  has  a  cujios- 
archivoriuv,  or  regiiler,three  efquire  beadles, 
one  yeoman  beadle,  and  two  library  keepers. 
The  prodlors  villt  the  taverns,   and  other 
pu  iic-houfes,  and  have  power  to   punifh 
offending  fcholars,  and  to  fine  the  public- 
houfis  who   entertain    them,      Cambridge 
univerfity  was  at  firft,  in  all  probability,  little 
more  than  a  grammar-fchool_,  and  lay  neg- 
]e<5ted,during  the  Danifii  invafions;  but  begarj 
to  revive  af  er  the  government  was  fettled 
by  William  I.     It  now  contains  fixteen  col- 
leges: I.  Peterhoufe,  founded  in  the  year 
1257,  ^v  Hugh  Balfam,  prior,  afterwards 
bilhop  of  Ely.'    2.  Chre-hail,  founded  in  th^-. 
year  1326,  by  Richard  Badew,  chancellor 
of  the  univerfity,  which  being  burnt,  was 
rebuilt  in  the  year  1342,  by  the  afliffance  ot 
Elizabeth  de  Burg,  grand-daughter  ^  f  Ed- 
ward   I.       3.  Pembroke-hall,    founded  by 
Mary,  third  wife  of  Audomar  de  Valence 
ear!  of  Pembroke.  4.  Corpus-Chrif^i,  or  Be'» 
nets  college,  formed  by  the  union  of  two 
fraternities  of  Corpus-Chriffi  and  the  Bkifcd 
Virgin,  about  the  year  1344,  and  brought 
to   perfection  by  Ilenry  duke  of  Lancaiter. 
5.  Trinity-hall,  founded   in  the  year   1351, 
by  V.'illiam   Bateman  bilhop  of   Norwich. 
G.  Gunvillc  and  Caius  college,  firft  founded 
in   the  year   1348,   by  F^dmund    Gonville, 
rector  of  Terrington  and  Ruflrworth,  in  the 
county  of  Norfolk,    and   refounded  in  the 
year   1557,   by  John   Caius,    phyiician    to 
Queen   Mary,  under  the  name  ot  Gonville 
and  Caius  college.     7.  King's  college,  firll 
founded  in   the  year  144T,  by  King  Menry 
VI.  but  not  completed  till  the  reign  ot  H.-nry 
Vill.     8.  Qi'.ecn's  college,    founded  in  the 
year   144^,   by  Margaret  of  Anjou,  wife  of 
King  lienry  VI.  but  perfected  by  Elizabeth 
CJiey,  queen  of  Edward  IV.     9.  Catheiine- 
hali,  founded  ;;bout  the  year  1474,  by  Robvrt 


CAM 

VVoodla:k,  third  provoft  of  King's  colIep;e. 
lo.  Jefus  college,  founded  in  the  year  1497, 
by  John  Alcock,  birtiop  of  Ely.  11.  Chriil 
college,  founded  in  the  year  1506,  by  Mar- 
garet countefs  of  Richmond,  mother  of 
Henry  VII.  12.  St.  Johivs  college,  founded 
alfo  in  the  year  icog?  by  the  Countefs  of 
Richmond.  i3.Ma,<;dalen  college,  founded 
in  the  year  1542,  byThomas  Audlcy  lord- 
chancellor,  and  further  endowed  by  Sir 
Chrirtopher  Dav  lord  cihef  juftice,  14. 
Trinity  college,  founded  in  the  year  1546, 
by  King  Henry  VUl.  15.  Emanuel  college, 
founded  in  the  year  1584,  by  Sir  Wiilian) 
Mildmav,  chancellor  of  the  exchequer  to 
queen  Elizabeth.  16.  Sidney-Sulfex  college, 
founded  in  the  year  1,598,  bythe  ladyFrances 
RatcIifF,  countels  of  Suflex.  In  thefe  col- 
leges are  406  fellowfliips,  666  Icholarfhips. 
Befldes  the  colleges,  and  i4parini  churches, 
other  public  buildings  are  the  fenatc-lioufe, 
thefchools,  and  public  library,  Addenbrook's 
hofpital,  and  the  Ihire-hali.  Two  members 
are  returned  by  the  univerfityto  parliament, 
and  two  by  the  town.  In  1 144,  this  town 
was  deftroyed  by  GeofFery  de  Magncville, 
•who  commanded  a  body  of  troops  in  favour 
of  the  Emprefs  Matilda.  In  1801,  the  po- 
pulation was  10,087,  of  which  Sii  were 
conlidered  as  part  of  the  univerilty.  17  m. 
S.  Ely,  51  due  N.London.  Za^.  51.  u.N. 
Camhrldgejhlre.,  a  county  of  England, 
bounded  on  the  north- welt  by  Lincolnlhire, 
on  the  north  b^^  Norfolk,  on  the  ealt  by  Suf- 
folk, on  the  fouth  by  ElFex  and  Hertford- 
Ihire,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  counties  of 
Bedford,  Huntin2d';n,  and  Northampton; 
about  52  miles  long,  and  26  broad.  It  is 
divided  into  feventcen  hundreds,  and  con- 
tains one  city,  (Ely,)  one  Univeriity,  (Cam- 
bridge,) feven  other  market-towns,  and  163 
parifhes.  The  market  tov/nsare  Newmarket, 
Royfton,  Linton,  Wifber.ch,  Caxton,  Merfh, 
and  Soham  ;  Royfton  is  partly  fituated  in 
the  county  of  Herts.  In  iSci,  the  number 
of  inhabitar.ts  was  09, .^46,  of  whom  11.988 
were  employed  in  trade  and  manufactures, 
and  28,054  m  agriculture.  The  principal 
ri\-ers  are  the  Oufe  and  the  Cam ;  the  river 
Oefe  divides  it  nearly  in  the  centre,  crofTing 
it  from  weft  to  eaft.  The  northern  part  is 
chiefly  compofed  of  what  is  cailed  the  Ifle 
of  Ely,  conllfting  of  fenny  land,  divided 
by  innumerable  channels,  with  a  few  elevated 
fpots.  All  thele  low  lands  are  naturally 
bcgsj  but  have  been,  by  infinite  labour  and 
expence  drained  and  converted  into  rich 
meadows,  or  fertile  corn  land;  the  air  is 
unhealthy,  and  the  water  brackith;  and,  not- 
withftanduig  all  the  care  and  pains  taken, 
the  lands  are  itill  fubje^t  to  inundations.  The 
fouth-wcft  part  of  the  county  is  more  ele- 
vated, and  the  air  is  more  pure;  the  fouth- 
ealf  part  is  open  and  healthy,  and  but  thinly 


CAM 

inhabited.  The  principal  produftlons  of 
Carnbridgefhireare  corn,  chcei'e,  butter,  cole- 
feed,  hemp,  and  fulFron.  In  the  fens  are 
feveral  decoys,  in  which  incredible  numbers 
of  wild  fowl  are  caught,  and  fent  to  Lon- 
don, Cambridge,  and  other  places.  Six 
members  arc  returned  to  parliament,  viz. 
two  for  the  county,  and  four  for  the  town 
and  univeriity  of  Cambridge. 

Camhrllla.,  or  Capihriles,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Catalonia,  near  the  fea,  furrounded  with 
walls.     10  miles  WSW.  Tarragona, 

Camhrufa,  or  Por-to  Vaietico,  a  feaport 
pf  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the  gulf  of  Satalia. 
7  miles  N.  Cape  Chelidonc. 
_  Ca7?ih'.irgy  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Upper  Saxony,  and  principality  of 
Altenburg.  28  miles  W.  Altenburg,  3a  SW. 
Leiplick.  Long.   11.  39.  E.  Lat.  c;i.  ^.  N. 

Cambyna,  an  ifiand  in  the  Eaft-Indian  feaj 
about  *5o  miles  in  circumference,  and  10 
from  the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Celebes. 
Long.  izi.  ir^.'E,  Lnt.  $.   15.  S. 

Camlndazet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment o^i  Aveiron.    10  m.  SSW.  Rhodez. 

Cmiiden,  a  town  of  United  America,  in 
South-Carolina,  anciently  called  Pine-Tree. 
This  town  was  taken  by  the  Britifh  troops  in 
the  American  war:  General  Gates  advancing 
with  the  Americans  to  retake  it  from  Lord 
Rawdon,  a  battle  enfued  on  the  i6th  of 
Auguft  1780.  The  lol's  of  the  Americans 
was  very  confjderable;  between  800  and  900 
killed,  and  1000  taken  prifoners:  on  the 
fide  of  the  Englifh,  3  officers,  a  fevjeints, 
and  64  foldiers  killed;  and  16  officers,  and 
about  220  privatemenand  ferjeants  wounded. 
28  miles  NE.  Columbia.  Long.  80.  38.  W. 
Lat.  34.  io.  N. 

Ca7)iden,  a  county  of  North-Carolina,  in 
the  United  States  of  America. 

Cavidi.');,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Gloucefter,  on  the  borders  of  Worceltcr- 
fhire,with  a  market  on  Wednefdav,and  12 13 
inhabitants.  30  miles  NNE.  Giocefter,  89 
WNVv^  London,  i.^;/^.  i.  48.  W.  Lat. 
52.4.  N. 

Came,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Pyrenees,  16  miles  E. 
Bayonne. 

Camel,  fee  Alan. 

Camel,  a  fmali  ifland  near  the  weft  coaft  of 
Madagaicar.   Lmg.  48. 5.  E.  Lat.  14. 20.  S. 

Camel/or  f,  a.  tov/n  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Cornwall,  with  a  weekly  market 
on  Fiiday;  near  this  place  King  Arthur  was 
mortally  wounded  by  his  nephew  Mordred; 
and  in  823,  the  Britons  were  defeated  here  by 
Egbert.  It  is  a  borough,  and  fends  two 
members  to  parliament.  18  miles  N.  Laun- 
cefton,  228  VV.  London. 

Ca7!!cl-y>i,  or  Camlhi,  a  town  of  Scotland, 
in  the  county  of  Stirlmg,  on  the  Carron, 
faid  to  have  been  anciently  a  place  of  con- 


CAM 


CAM 


fequence,  and  a  feaport.     Vef!:igC3  of  for- 
mer grandeur  yet  remain.     2,  m.  E.  I'alkirk. 

CaiKelpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  37  miles 
NE.  Kiihenagur. 

Civnca  or  KanitV!,  a  town  of  Germany, 
In  the  county  of  Marck.  ao  miles  SE.  Wun- 
fter,  50  NE.  Cologne.  Long.  7.  46.  E. 
Zi7^.  51.55.N. 

Cjjuvnz,  a  town  of  Luiatia,  in  tn.e  circle 
of  BudilTen.  21  miles  NE.  Drefden,  13 
WNW.  Budiflen.  Long.  14.  i.  E.  Lat. 
51.  16.  N. 

Camenz,  a  town  of  Silefia,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Munllerberg.  5  miles  S.  Fran- 
kenftein,  8  SW.  Munllerberg.  ,  Long.  16. 
41.  E.  Lat.  50.  20.  N. 

Camcr,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  Middle 
Mark  of  Brandenburg.    6  m.  WNW.  Belitz. 

Cavierina,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
marquifate  of  Ancona,  near  the  Apennine 
mountains,  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  immediately 
under  the  Pope.  It  contains  nineteen  con- 
vents. 40  miles  SW.  Ancona,  75  NNE. 
Rome.    Long.  13.  3.  E.  Lat.  43.  3.  N. 

Cojneroon-,  afmail  ifland  in  the  Eaft-Indian 
jea,  near  the  fouth-weil  coail:  of  Palawan. 
Long.  117.  24.  E.   Lat.  7.  57.  N. 

Camcroita,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Princi- 
j7atp  Citra.     9  miles  SW".  Policsilro. 

Catneroua,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Oberland.     12  m.  SE.  Neidenburg. 

Caniersfort,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
•principality  of  Wurtzburg.  5  miles  S.  Ge- 
rolzbofen. 

Cavh\',  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  40 
miles  W.  Bayamo. 

Cainerjii'in,  a  citadel  of  Germany,  in 
the  principality  of  Anfpach.  4  miles  SW^ 
Schwabach. 

Carnfcr,  a  river  of  Sumatra,  which  runs 
into  the  Straits  of  Malacc:;,  Long. 10%.  53.  E. 
Lat.  o.  Ti:>'  N. 

Camiguen,  one  of  the  Babuyanes  Iflands, 
in  the  North  Pacilic  Ocean.  Long.  121. 
58.  E.  Lat.  19.  2.  N. 

Camin,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Scnnaar. 
60  miles  SSW.  Gherri. 

_  Caniiuha,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
yincc,  of  Entre  Duero  e  Minho,  iituated  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Minho,  defended  by  a  fort 
and  gariilbn;  ic  contains  about  1,300  inh;;- 
bitnnts,  has  one  parifh  church,  two  hcfpi- 
tais,  and  two  convents.  11  miles  NNW. 
Viana.  Long.  8.  i,^.  W.  Lat.  ^i.  so.  N. 

Cavihil,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Lavora. 
7  miles  N.  Scz^a. 

Cauihficct  lijc  Kaniin'sec. 

Ca7nbiitz(h  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  the  Morca,  (ituated  on  a  ihiall  gulf  at  the 
jiiuuth  of  a  river  pf  die  liuiie  name,  anciently 
called  Olenus,  and  the  river  Mela.  24  m. 
NT..  Chiarciiza.     8  miles  SW.  Pairas. 

Canni:oy  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Trcyifim. 
(i  miles  NE.  Trcvigio. 


Caininog,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North  Pa- 
ciijc  Ocean,  north-ealf  of  Lugon.  Long, 
123.  37.  E.  Lat.  14.  24.  N. 

CajnbiQgari,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Jipan,  in 
the  ftrait  between  Niphon  and  Xicoco. 

Canihiogar't,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the 
ifland  of  Niphon.     140  miles  SW.  Meaco- 

Camiiiofequi,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Japan,  in 
the  ilrait  between  Niphon  and  Xicoco. 

Caniiro,  a  town  on  the  ifland  of  Rhodes. 
18  mUes  SW.  Rhodes. 

Caviijhno,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Vicentm, 
7  miles  SE.  Vicenza. 

Catnifano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Adda.  6  miles  NNE, 
Crema. 

Candole,  a  town  of  Hindooftaq^  in  Gu- 
zerat.     10  miles  NE.  Brodera. 

Canuna,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  divides 
the  kingdom  of  Benin  from  Loango,  and 
runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Lat,  i.  40.  S. 

Camnia,  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  north  of 
the  river  fo  called. 

Canimafirai,  a  town  of  Hindooftart,  in 
the  circar  of  Aurungabad.  18  miles  SW. 
Jaffierabad. 

Cannncrolo,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  Adriatic,  Long.  14.  43.  E.  Lat. 
42.  16.  N. 

Cai//?nin,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Pruffian 
Pomerania,  Iituated  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Oder,  on  a  part  called  the  Lake  of  Bodeny 
about  three  miles  from  the  Baltic  ;  once  the 
i'ee  of  a  bifhop,  fupprefled  by  the  peace  of 
Weftphalia,  and  united  to  the  dominions  of 
Pruflia,  as  a  lay  principality ;  and  for  it  the 
kingdom  was  afTeffed  to  the  imperial  matri- 
cula  184  florins,  and  to  the  chamber  of  WetZr 
lar  81  rixdollars,  4  kruitzers,  30  miles 
NNW.  Stargard,  24  N.  Old  Stettin.  Long. 
14.  45.  E.  Lat.  5^.  56.  N. 

Canimoo,  a  town  of  Japan  in  the  ifland  of 
Niphon.     86  miles  NNE.  Meaco. 

Caviogli,  a  town  of  Genoa,  near  the  fea 
coaft.     10  miles  E.  Genoa. 

Ccunoil,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Morbihan.  4  miles  WSW.  Roche 
Bernard. 

Camclhi,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  countv 
of  Wexford.  In  179^, it  was  taken  by  the 
inlingents.     10  miles  NNE.  Ennilcorthy. 

Camon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aude.     12  miles  W".  Limoux. 

Caniopi,  a  river  of  Guiana,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  52.  a6.  W.  Lat. 
4.  15.  N. 

Cantor  a,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eflra- 
madura.     20  miles  NE.  Lilhon. 

Caniora^  lee  Zaniora. 

Caniorta,  one  of  the  Nicobar  iflands, 
about  29  miles  in  length  from  north  to  fouth, 
but  of  various  breadths  from  2  miles  to  8. 
The  noithcrn  part  of  the  ifland  is  flat,  but 
ill  die  I'outli-vult  where  there  is  x  luirboui,, 


■   C  A  i\I 

It  is  mountiiinous.    The  inhabitants  are  few. 
Lor.g.  94.  E.  Lat.  8.  10.  N.  ^ 

Camof.fH,  or  Rio  de  Cruz,  a  river  of  Bra- 
.'.,  '.vhich  runs  into  the  £ea.  hong.  4a.  3a. 
vV.   Lat.  %.  SS'  S. 

Camp,  a  town  of  Germany,  on  the  CLift: 
fide  of  the  Rhine,  opooiite  Boppart.     ■ 

Camp,,  a  village  of  Holland,  which  in 
1799  was  taken  by  the  Engliili  and  Ruifians. 
7  miles  NW.  Aikmacr. 

Cmnpach,  a  river  of  Carinthia,  v/hich 
runs  into  the  MdU,  near  Velach. 

C:zn;pa?-/-!a  d'Evoli,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
p;/ :;..,i'.o  Citra,  the  lee  of  a  bifiiop,  fuflVa- 
gan  of  Conza.  16  miles  ENE.  Salerno,  13 
SSW.  Conza.  Long.  14.  58.  E.  Lat.  40. 
51.  N. 

Cajnpagna  Dt  Roma,  a  province  of  the 
popedom,  comprehending  the  greater  part 
of  ancient  Latium.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  Sabina,  on  the  eafl:  and  fouth- 
eall  by  Ahruzzo  Ultra  and  Lavora,  on  the 
fouth-wcll  by  the  Mediterranean,  and  on 
the  north-wclfbythe  Patrimony  of  St.  Peter; 
about  44  miles  long,  and  33  broad.  The 
country  contains  ma.-y  beautiful  plains  and 
the  foil  is  generally  fertile;  but  great  part 
rendered  unwholefome  by  the  Pontine 
marfiies,  on  which  account  there  are  few 
towns  or  villages,  and  the  inhabitants  are 
in  general  poor.  Some  attempts  have  been 
made  to  dr.iin  thefe  marfhes,  and  a  good 
road  is  made  acrofs  them;  this  carried  into 
eftect,  and  fome  internal  regulations  in  favour 
of  the  hufbandmen,  would  undoubtedly  re- 
medy the  unwholefomenefs  of  the  air,  and 
increale  the  population  and  fertility.  The 
principal  cities  or  towns  are  Pvome,  Vel- 
Ictri,  Frafcatij  Palefirina,  Terracina,  Net- 
tuno,  and  Oftia. 

Campagnatico,  a  town  of  Etruria,  near 
the  Ombrone.     25  miles  S.  Sienna. 

.Cai/;pag?:c,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Straits  of  Calais.  6  miles 
W.  Hcfdin. 

Campa?!,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  higher  Pyrenees,  fituated 
in  a  valley  to  which  it  g'ves  name.  3  miles 
S.  Bagneres-en-Bigore. 

Cariipafia,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     8  miles  SSE.  Aquila. 

Ca7npana,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     9  miles  SW.  Cariati. 

Campana,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  coall  of  Chili.  Lat. 
48.  50.  S. 

Cni)2pana,  a  river  of  Chili,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Lat.  48.  50.  S. 

Ca?npa!ia,  {La,)  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
country  of  Seville.     13  miles  W.  Ecija. 

Cavipanario,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New- 
Caftile.     10    miles  from   Palaccio.dcl-Rey. 

Carnpbel  Tcwji,  a  town  of  Weil-Florida, 
on  PcnlacoJa  Bay.    7  ni.  NN£.  Penfacola. 


C  A  M 

Cajnphtl'' fTo'-xT},  a  town  of  PennHlvania. 
15  miles  ENE.  Haniiburg. 

Campbell,  a.  town  of  New-York,  on  tl.'e 
Sufquehanna.  Long.  76.  iS.W.  Lat./[i.j.'^l- 
Caniphdio'n.tjn,  a  ieaport  town  of  Scotland, 
in  the  county  of  Argvle,  fituated  on  theeall 
coait  of  the  pen'nfula  oi  Kintyre,  in  a  bay 
to  which  it  gives  name,  ereded  into  a  royal 
borough  in  the  year  1701.  It  has  a  good 
harbour,  with  from  fix  to  ten  fathom  water, 
llieltcred  by  hills,  and  an  illand  at  its  en- 
trance. The  priiKipal  trade  is  li filing  for 
herrings,  next  to  which  is  diitilling  whiils-ey; 
coals  are  A\\<y^  witnin  three  miles,  and  con- 
veyed to  the  tovvn  by  a  canal,  where  they 
are  fold  for  about  eight  fnillings  a  ton.  In 
the  parifli  is  found  abundance  of  fullcr;- 
earth  and  foap-rock,  which  it  is  fuppofcd. 
might  be  manul'adured  into  line  chinaware, 
Campbeltown  united  with  Inverary,  Irwinc, 
Rothiay,  and  Ayr,  fends  one  member  to 
parliament.  In  1801  it  contained  7093  in- 
habitants. 74  miles  S.  Inverary,  30  W. 
Ayr.  Long.  ^.  34.  W.  Lat.:^^.  27.  N. 

CaiJipheltoivH,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Invernefs.  10  m.  NE.  Invernefs. 
Caiiipdcn,  fee  Caviden. 
Ca7)ipcachy,  or  St.  Francifco  de  Cantpra- 
chy,  a  feapoit  town  of  Mexico,  fituated  in  a 
bay  to  which  it  gives  name,  on  the  welt  coalt 
of  the  peninlula  of  Yucatan,  a  long  time  the 
chief  mart  for  log-wood.  It  is  defended  by 
a  caifle,  furniflied  with  cannon,  and  has 
feveral  times  been  taken  from  the  Spaniards 
and  plundered;  in  ii'')59,  by  the  Englifh, 
under  the  condutt  of  Sn- Chriflopher  Minis; 
in  the  year  1678,  by  EngliOi  and  French 
adventurers:  and  by  the  tree-booters  of 
St.  Domingo  in  168,-.  All  the  eil:ablifh- 
ments  for  the  purpole  of  cutting  log-wooc^ 
are  under  tlie  Spaniih  government;  but  by 
the  treaty  of  peace  in  1783,  the  Englifh 
were  allowed  the  privilege  of  cutting  it  un- 
molcifed.  90  miles  WSW.  Merida.  Lo:!g. 
9i.34.W.i.^;/.  19.  30.  N. 

Campeacky,  (Bay  of,)  a  bay  in  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  on  the  fouth-v/eil  coafl:  of  Yucatan, 
and  north  of  Tabafco.  It  takes  its  name 
from  the  town  of  Campeachy. 

Canipclo,  a  tovv'n  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Adda  and  Oi^lio.  5  miles  NNW. 
Breno. 

Ca-Jipil  Treve,  a  town  o?.  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Illc  and  Vilaine.  1^  m. 
SW.  Renncs. 

Cainpele7i,  a'town  of  Swificrland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne.  10  miles  WNW.  Berne. 
Cavipiti,  a  town  of  Holland,  in  OvcrifTcl, 
fituated  on  the  weil  fide  of  the  river  Ifiel, 
near  its  moutl>.  It  is  tolerably  large  and 
handfome,  firit  built  in  the  year  ij86,  and 
fortified  after  the  old  manner.  Among  the 
public  buildings  the  moit:  remarkable  are  the 
towT.-houfe,  and  tht  churches  of  St.  Nicholas 


CAM 

and  Notre  Dame.  It  was  formerly  a  place 
of  great  tnide,  and  ranked  as  one  of  the 
Hanfe  towns,  but  the  port  is  now  much 
choakcd  up  by  fand;  it  is  governed  by  lo 
echevins,  with  a  council ;  and  has  the  pri- 
vilege of  coining  money.  Campen  joined 
the  corfederacy  in  1578;  it  was  taken  by 
Chrilloi  her  Bernard  de  Galean,  bifliop  of 
Munftcr,  the  23d  of  July,  1672;  but  was 
very  il  on  after  reftored  to  the  flatea.  In 
1765,  it  was  taken  by  the  French.  45  miles 
NE.  Amflerdam,  13  N.  Arnheim.  Lo;ig. 
5.  48.  E.  Lat.  St.  37- N. 

Ca77!peneac.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Morbihan.  4  miles  E.  Ploermel. 

Canipengpet^  a  town  of  Upper  Siam.  60 
miles  S.  Forfelouc. 

Cnmpiglia,  a  town  of  Etruria.  26  miles 
S.  Voherra. 

Cai?ipigria7J0,  1  town  of  the  Popedom ,  in 
Pcragiano.-     8  m'iles  SSW.  Perugia. 

Ca}?!p!!lo,d.  town  (^f  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Seville.     9  miles  W.  Antcque^a. 

Ca7Vpil!o  de  ylltcbucy,  a  town  of  Spain, 
10  New  Callile.     2i2  miles  SSE.  Cuen^a, 

Ca7'ipion,  a  town  of  Chinefe  Tartary. 
60  rniles  N.  from  the  great  v/all.  Marco 
Paulo  tells  us  that  there  u'ere  Chriftians 
here,  who  had  three  great  and  fair  churches. 
Lo7ig.  104.  44.  E.     Lat.  40.  ^s•  N. 

CaT7!pio7ie,  a  town  of  Swiilerland,  in  the 
bailiwick,  and  on  the  lake,  of  Lugano.  4  m. 
SSE.  Lugano. 

Cii?::p;ic!Io,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cor- 
fica.     14  miles  S.  Eailia. 

Cni7ipo,  a  town  of  Genoa.  9  miles  NW. 
Genoa. 

Ca7!!po,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon.  28 
miles  N.  Balbaftro. 

Cti77!po,  one  of  the  fmaller  Philippine 
iflands,  eaft  of  Mindoro.  Lctig.  121.33. 
E.  Lai.  13.  6.  N. 

Ca77!pOi  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
fhe  Atlantic,  forming  a  deep  bay  at  its 
mouth,  Lat.  2.  20.  N. 

Campo  Bajjb,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  tlie 
Capitanata,on  the  borders  of  the  Molifc,  (itu- 
aied  in  a  fertile  plain,  abounding  in  all  the 
ncceflariesoi  life  ;  the  air  is  wholeforne,  and 
tlie  inhabitants  carry  on  a  confiderable  trade 
in  articles  of  cutlery,  comnuted  at  6000. 
10  miles  SE.  Moleij.' 

Ca777po  de  Criptaiia,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
New  Caftile.     43  miles  SE.  Toledo. 

CiV7!po  Dclciiic,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Yaltcllne.    5  miles  NW.  Chiavenna. 

Campo  Fcr7}:k,  a  caflle  of  Italy,  in  the 
riiuli,  remarkable  fur  being  the  place  where 
terms  of  a  peace  were  ligned  between  the 
Emperor  of  Germany  and  Uie  French  repub- 
licT  on  0(51.  17,  1797,     3  miles  W.  Udina. 

Cai77po  Frt'ddot  a  town  of  Genoa.  la  ni. 
NW.  Genoa. 

Cti77:po  Grande,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  *.l;-j 


CAM 

department  of  the  Appennines.  16  miles 
N.  Carrara. 

Ca77ipo  dc  Laiitrecy  a  beautiful  ridge  of 
woody  hills,  near  the  city  of  Niiples,  fo  cal- 
led from  Marechal  deLautrec,  who  in  1528, 
after  having  at  the  head  of  the  French  army 
invaded  Naples,  and  driven  out  the  Imperial 
troops,  on  this  fpot  fell  a  facrifjce  with 
almoif  the  whole  of  his  army  to  a  peftilentia! 
difeaf;. 

Ca77ipr>  L'tttto,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
county  of  Molife.     14  miles  E.  Molife. 

Cii777po  Maggiora,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
the  Balllicata.     14  miles  SE.  Acercnza. 

Ca77ipo  M(iggto7-n,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  Marengo. 

Ca777po  Maggiora,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Tortonefe,  belonging  to  Piedmont. 

Ca7i!po  dl  Ma^t',  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
Mediterranean,  near  the  weft  coaft  of  Cala- 
bria.    Lo':g.  16.  12.  E.  Laf.  39.  16  N. 

Cai/ipo  Ma7'i!io,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Capitanata.     3  miles  SE.  Termoli. 

Ca77:po  Mc:ro7ie,  a  tov/n  of  Genoa,  which 
owes  its  name  to  the  quantity  of  mulberries 
in  the  neighbourhood.    8  m.  NNW.  Genos.. 

Cai7ipo  Mayor,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the. 
province  of  Alentejo,  fortified  in  the  mo- 
dern manner,  containing  about  5300  inhabi- 
tants. It  was  taken  by  ;he  Spaniards  in  the 
late  war;  and  refcored  in  1801,  by  the  peace 
figned  at  Badajoz.    16  miles  SE.  Arronches, 

10  NW.  Badajoz  in  Spain.  Lo/ig.  6.  45. 
W.  Lat.  38.  50.  N. 

Ca7J!po  Morto,  a  place  of  Italy,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Piacenza,  near  which  it  is  faid 
the  Romans  were  defeated  by  Hannibal. 

Cavipo  St.  Plctro,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Paduan,  between  the  Mufon  and  the  Tergola. 
It  was  once  a  flrong  place,  but  now  an  open 
town,  with  about  3000  inhabitants.  12  miles 
N.  Padua,  16  E.  Vicenza. 

Ca77ipo  Scu:to,  a  place  near  the  city  of  Mo- 
dena,  remarkable  for  a  battle  fought  there 
between  thj;  Spaniards  and  the  Auftrians  on 
the  8th  of  February  1743. 

Ca?7!po  TcJIo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruz- 
zo  Ultra.  10  miles  N.Aquila. 

Canspcbi^Hc,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley 
of  Mazara.     14  miles  NE.  Girgenti. 

Ca77ipccl>iaro,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
county  of  Molife.     11  miles  S.  Molife. 

Ca77!po.cryc^,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  theTrevi- 
fan.     5  miles  S.  Trevigio. 

Ca7vpoIi,  a  tow«i  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra,  the  Ice  of  a  bifliop,  united  with  Or- 
tona.  3  miles  N.  Teramc.  Long.  13.  46. 
E.  L.at.  42.  40. N- 

Cat.'ipolicto,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Mo- 
life.    13  miles  E.  Molife. 

Ca7f:pcloi-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  FriulJ. 

11  miles  N.  Gemona. 

Ca77;vo!y,  a  town  of  Hindoofl^an.    zs  *"♦ 


CAN 


C  A  N 


Ci7}vpora,2.  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Citni.     15  miles  NW.  Policalbo. 

Cu??:pred'^fi-,  or  Caniprdton,  a  town  of 
Spain,  and  principal  place  of  a  viguery,  in 
Cv.tulonia,  at  thj  foot  of  the  Pyrenees.  It 
vas  Taken  by  the  French,  who  deitroyed 
the  fortilications  in  the  year  1691;  and 
agiin  t.ikcn  by  them  in  June  1794,  under 
General  Doppet,  who  made  it  his  head 
quarters.  20  milerSE.  Pycerdii,  27  NNVV. 
Gerona.     /.y^/^'-.  2.  13.  E.  Z//?/.  41.  23.  N, 

Camps ^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var.     3  miles  SE.  Brignoks, 

Cajnpfilliu  a  town  of  Hindooitan.  25 
miles  NW.  Poonah. 

Cavipfie,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Stirling,  htuated  near  a  moun 
tainous  trad  called  Camfic  Falls,  con(ider- 
able  for  its  manufadures  and  print-fieldso 
7  miles  NE.  Dumbarton. 

CainpuglaUit  ?-town  of  Etruria.  9  miles 
WNW.  Arezzo. 

Camjha,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Farfiftan. 
25  miles  S.  Ispahan. 

Camvellaiv,  a  town  of  Bengal.  33  miles 
N.  Purneah. 

Camul,  a  town  of  Tartary,  in  the  country 
of  1  angut.  I„cvg.  97.  54.  E.  Lut.  37. 15.  N. 

CiiTfiyn^^y  town  of  PruiliL,  in  Pomerelia. 
37  miles  SSVV.  Dantzic. 

Ci^v^,  one  of  the  fmaller  wcft-ern  iflands 
of  Scotland,  about  8  miles  S\V.  from  the 
illandofSkye.  Lovg.6.2i).W.  Lat. s7-s()JSi. 

Cana,  a  town  ot  Terra  Firma,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Darien.  25  iiiiles  SSE.  St.  Maria 
de  Darien. 

Ca>:;i,  (El,)  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey, 
in  Aladulia.     36  miles  SW.  Malatia. 

Cann,  a  village  of  Syria,  anciently  Cana 
ofOalilee,  where  Christ  changed  the  water 
into  wine.    7  miles  WNW.  Tabaria. 

Can  Jar,  a  town  of  New  Hampfliire.  18 
miles  £.  Concord. 

Canaan,  a  town  of  Conncclicut.  50  m. 
WNW.  Hartf(.rd. 

Cafia'jiic,  a  fmuil  ifland  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  well:  coalt  of  Africa.  Lnt.  10. 38.,N. 

Cana-:ani?n,  a  bay  on  the  loudi  coaft  of 
Arabia,  at  the  mouth  of  ari\-er  which  uafl'es 
by  feveral  cities  into  the  Arabian  fea.  Long. 
47.  5.  E.  Lat.  13.  30.  N. 

Canada,  or  Province  of^jiibec,  a  country 
of-  North-America,  bounded  on  the  north  by 
Hi.,dfun's-bay,  on  the  eafl  by  Labrador,  on 
the  louth  by  Nova-Scotia  and  the  UniLed 
States  of  America,  and  on  the  weft  by  part 
of  America  but  little  known.  It  extends 
iiom  north-eafl  to  iotiih-wcfl  about  700 
miles  in  length,  and  about  200  in  breadth. 
The  climate  is  cold;  the  winter  long,  and 
fevere.  The  fituation  v/ould  Icem  to  pro- 
iTiife  a  temperate  air;  but  the  woods,  the 
rprings,  mountains  covered  wi;.h  fnow,  the 
northerly  winds,  an  derated  ioil,  and  a  llcy 


almoft  always  clear,  are  the  fuppofed  caufes 
of  the  rigorous  cold:  nevertlieleis  the  foil  13 
good,  and  many  p?.rts  cxcecdin;.3ly  fertile, 
producing  excellent  cc<tn  and  vegetables- 
The  fiimner  is  agreeable,  and  alF.lh  the 
richncfs  of  the  i^i] ;  iix.  weeks  only  are  rc- 
quir^.vl  from  fjed  time  to  harveft.  The  mea- 
dows are  well  watered,  and  covered  with 
excellent  grats,  which  feed  innumci-able 
quantities  of  farge  and  fmali  cattle.  The 
mountiuos  contain  mines  of  coal,  iron,  and 
lead.  Theforeffs  furnilh  varieties  of  timber 
trees;  as  white  and  red  pines,  and  firs  of 
every  kind,  oaks,  bicches,  elms,  cedars, 
chefnuts,  with  many  others  unknown  in  Eu- 
rope ;  among  tlie  fruits,  are  apples,  plumbs, 
cherries,  citrons,  goolcberrics,  &c.  The  ani- 
mals are  bufi^aloes,  flags,  elks,  bears,  foxes, 
weafels,  i'quirrels,  ferrets,  martins,  hare:;, 
beavers,  porcupi;.es,  mufk-rats,  ccc.  Among 
the  birds  may  be  reckoned  buftards,  geefe, 
and  ducks  of  various  kinds,  iea-parrot^, 
cormorants,  eagles,  vultures,  pelicanr,  Iwans, 
cranes,  pheafants,  partridges,  &c.  Among 
the  I  eptiles  are  rattleihakes,  and  other  ij»c- 
cies  offtakes,  fome  of  which  are  harmlefe, 
and  others  whole  bite  is  mortal.  The  lakes 
and  rivers  are  numerous,  and  abound  in  fdhy 
as  filmon,  eels,  mackarel,  herrings,  (hads, 
fmelts,  turbots,  fturgeons,  trouts,  mullets, 
Sec.  Canada  is  faid  to  have  been  firft  dis- 
covered in  the  year  1497,  by  John  and 
Sebaftlan  Cabot.  The  French  were  the  tirft 
Europeans  v.ho  fettled  in  Canada,  and  eiui- 
blifhed  themlelves  there  under  the  proieclioa 
and  government  of  France,  till,  in  the  year 
1759,  the  country  was  taken  by  the  Engiift, 
and  confirmed  to  them  by  the  peace  of  1 763. 
It  is  divided  into  Upper  and  Lower  Canada, 
feparated  by  the  river  Utav/as,  and  an  ima- 
ginary hne;  the  former  lying  fouth-welt  of 
the  latter.  Quebec  is  the  capital  of  Lower 
Canada,  and  indeed  of  all  the  country. 
Other  principal  tov/ns  are  Montreal  and 
Trois  Rivieres.  The  principal  to\rn  of 
Upper  Canada  is  Kingflon.  The  principal 
rivers  are  St.  Laurence,  Utawas  oi"  Outa- 
was,-  Montreal,  Trois  Rivieres,  Defpaires, 
Detroit,  Saguenay,  &c.  The  exports  con- 
lift  in  lldns,  furs,  filh,  v/heat,  Hour,  flax- 
feed,  potafh,  timber,  ixc.  and  the  principal 
imports,  rum,  brandy,  fugar,  v.ine,  tobacco, 
fait,  &c.  From  the  time  that  Canada  was 
ceded  to  Great-Britain,  in  the  year  1774, 
tiie  internal  affairs  were  dire(fied  by  the  go- 
vernor alone.  The  executive  power  in  each 
province  is  now  veiled  in  the  govt;  noi,  who 
has  for  his  advice  an  executive  council  ap- 
pointed by  his  Majefty.  The  legiflative 
power  of  each  province  is  veftcd  in  the  go- 
vernor, a  legiflative  council,  and  ai'lembly-of 
the  reprefentatives  of  the  people  :  their  a(ftc, 
howijyer,  arc  fubjcilii  to  the  controul  of  the 
king,  and  lu  fome  par dcfilar  ca(t3>  tj  the 


C  AN 

!Britl{h  parliament.  By  an  aft  pafTed  in  the 
the  1 8th  year  of"  King  George  III.  the  Britifh 
parliament  has  alfo  the  power  of  making 
any  regulations  which  may  be  found  expe- 
dient rcfpefling  the  commerce  and  naviga- 
tion of  the  province,  and  alfo  of  impofmg 
import  and  export  duties ;  but  all  fuch 
duties  are  to  be  applied  folely  to  the  ufe  of 
the  province,  and  in  fuch  a  manner  only  as 
the  council  and  aflembly  direct.  The  legis- 
lative council  of  Lower  Canada  confifls  of 
fifteen  members ;  that  of  Upper  Canada  of 
flven.  The  number  of  the  members  of  each 
province  muft  never  be  lefs  than  this,  but  it 
naybeincreafedwhenevertheking  thinks  fit. 
The  king  may  confer  on  any  perfons  here- 
ditary titles  of  honour,  with  a  right  annexed 
to  them  of  being  fummoned  to  (it  in  this 
council,  v.'hich  right  the  heir  may  claim  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one.  The  aHembly  of 
Lower  Canada  confifts  of  fifty  members; 
and  that  of  Upper  Canada  of  fixteen: 
neither  affcmbly  is  ever  to  confift  of  a  lefs 
tiumber.  The  governors  of  the  two  pro- 
"vinces  are  totally  independent  of  each  other 
'in  their  civil  capacities;  in  military  affairs 
the  governor  of  the  lower  province  takes 
']>rece'dence,  as  he  is  ufually  created  capfain- 
•j:;.;neral  of  his  Majefly's  forces  in  North- 
'.Ainerica.  Everv  religion  is  tolerated, in  the 
Jiiileft  extent  of  the  word  in  both  provinces, 
;Lnd  no  difqualifications  are  impofed  on  any 
perfons  on  account  of  their  religious  opinions. 
The  clergy  of  the  church  of  England  in  both 
provinces  confiils  at  prelent  of  tVv'elve  per- 
jbns  only,  including  the  bifhop  of  Quebec; 
that  of  the  church  of  Rome,  however,  con- 
lifts  of  no  lefs  than  iz6,  viz.  a  bifhop,  who 
takes  his  tide  from  Quebec,  his  '  coadjttteur 
<^Iu,' v/ho  is  blfliop  of  Canada,  three  vicars 
general,  and  ii6  curates  and  mifiionaries; 
all  of  whom  are  relidents  in  the  lower  pro- 

■  vinccs,  except  five  curates  and  milTionaries. 

The   expences  of  the  civil  lift  in  Lower 
■Canada  are  eftimated  at  2o,ocol.  fterling, 

per  annum,  one  lialf  of  which  is  defrayed 

■  by  Great-Britain,  and  the  remainder  by  the 
province,  out  of  the  duties  paid  on  the  im- 
portation of  certain  articles.  T!ic  cxpence 
of  the  civil  lifl  in  Upper  Canada  is  confider- 
ably  lefs,  perliaps  not  io  much  as  a  fourth 
of  that  of  the  lower  province.  The  military 
elbibliihment  in  both   provinces,   together 

■  with  tlic  rcpairsof  fortifications,&c.  are  com- 
puted to  coft  Great-Britain  ioo,oool.  annu- 
ally. The  prefents  diltributed  amongfl:  the 
Indians,  and  the  falaries  paid  to  the  different 
ofticers  in  the  Indian  department  are  efti- 
mated at  ioc-jOodI.  fterling  more  annually. 
Tlie  imports  of  Canada  confift  of  all  the 
various  articles  which  a  young  country  that 
d(-es  not  manuhicfure  much  for  its  own  ufe 
can  be  llippofcd  to  ftand  in  need  of;  fuch 
as  earthen-ware,  burdwave)  and  houfehold 


CAN 

furniture,  except  of  the  coarfer  kinds ; 
woollen  and  linen  cloths,  haberdalhery,  ho- 
fiery,  &c,  paper,  ftationary,  manufaffures  of 
leather,  grocery,  wine,  fpirits,  Weft-Indian 
produce,  &c.  &c.  cordage  of  every  defcrip- 
fion,  and  even  the  coarfer  manufaffures  of 
iron  are  alfo  imported.  The  foil  of  the 
country  is  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of 
hemp,  and  great  pains  have  been  taken  to 
introduce  the  culture  of  it.  Hand-bills, 
explaining  the  manner  in  which  it  can  be 
raifed  to  the  beft  advantage,  have  been  afli- 
duoufly  circulated  aniongtf  the  farmers,  and 
pofted  up  at  all  the  public  houfes.  It  is  a 
difficult  matter,  however,  to  put  the  French 
Canadians  out  of  their  old  ways,  fo  that  very 
little  hemp  has  been  raifed  in  confequence 
of  the  pains  that  have  been  taken,  and  it  is 
not  probable  that  much  will  be  raifed  for  a 
coniiderable  time  to  come.  Iron  ore  has 
been  difcovered  in  vanous  parts  of  the  coun- 
try, but  works  for  the  fmelting  and  manu- 
fadfuring  of  it  have  been  eredfed  at  one  place 
only,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Trois  Rivieres. 
Domeftic  manufaffures  are  carried  on  in 
moft  parts  of  Canada,  confiliing  of  fine  and 
coarfe  woollen  cloths,  but  by  far  the  greater 
part  of  thefe  articles  ufed  in  the  country  is 
imported  from  Great-Britain.  The  exports 
from  Canada  confift  of  furs  and  pelts  in  im- 
menfe  quantities,  wheat,  flour,  flax-feed, 
pot-afh,  timber,  ftaves,  and  lumber  of  all 
forts,  dried  lifh,  oil,  ginfeng,  and  various 
medicinal  drugs.  The  trade  between  Ca- 
nada and  Great-Britain  employs,  it  is  faid, 
about  7000  tons  of  flripping  annually.  The 
eaftern  part  of  Lower  Canada,  between  Que- 
bec and  the  gulf  of  St.  Laurence,  is  moun- 
tainous ;  between  Quebec  and  the  mouth  of 
the  Utawas  river  alio  a  few  fcattered  moun- 
tains are  to  be  met  with  ;  but  higher  up  the 
river  St.  Laurence  the  face  of  the  country  is 
fiat.  The  foil,  except  where  fmall  tradfs  of 
ftorey  and  fandy  land  intervene,  confifts 
principally  of  a  loofc  dark-coloured  earth, 
and  of  the  depth  of  ten  or  twelve  inches, 
below  which  there  is  a  bed  of  cold  clay  ; 
this  earth  towards  the  furface  is  extremely 
fertile,  of  which  there  cannot  be  a  greater 
proof  than  that  it  continues  to  yield  plentiful 
crops,  notwithftanding  its  being  worked 
year  after  year  by  the  French  Canadians, 
without  ever  being  manured.  It  is  only 
within  a  few  years  back  that  any  of  the  Ca- 
nadians have  begun  to  manure  their  lands. 
The  manure  principally  made  ufe  of  by 
thofe  who  are  the  beft  farmers  is  marl,  found 
in  prodigious  quantities  in  many  places 
along  the  fhores  of  the  river  St.  Laurence. 
The  foil  of  Lower  Canada  is  particularly 
fuited  to  the  growth  of  fmall  grain.  The 
tobacco  of  Canada  is  of  a  much  milder  qua- 
lity than  that  grown  in  Maryland  and  Vir- 
ginia ;  the  iiiuiF  made  from  it  is  held  in 


CAN 


CAN 


great  eftimation.     Culinary  vegetables   of  Canada,    yet  tlie    inhabitants  never  fufFer 

every  detcription  come  to  the  greateil  per-  from  it ;  conftant  experience  having  taught 

Fe<5tion  in  Canada,   as   well  as  moft  of  the  them  how  to   guard  againft  it  efFeiftually. 

European  fruits ;  the  currants,  goofeberries,  The  French  Canadians  make  no  icruple  to 

and  rafberries  are  in  particular  very  fine,  the  leave  their  horfes  flanding  at  the  door  of  the 

latter  are  indigenous,  and  found  in  profufion  houfe  without  any  covering  in  the  coldeft 

in  the  v.'oods;  the  vine  is  a!fo  indigenous,  weather,   while  they  are  thenift Ives  taking 

but  the  grapes  which  it  produces  in  its  uncul-  their  pleaiiirc.     None  of  the  other  domcftic 

tivated  Itate  are  very  poor,  four,   and  but  animals  are  as   indifferent   to   the  cold  as 

little  larger  than  fine  currants.    The  variety  horfes.     During  winter  all  the  domeftic  ani- 

of  trees  found  in  the  forefts  of  Canada  is  mals,  not  excepting  the  poultry,  are  lodged 

prodigious,  and  it  is  fuppofed  that  many  together  in  one  large  ftable,  that  they  may 

kinds  are  ftill  unknown.     The  fugar  maple  keep  each  other   warm  ;    but  in  order  to 

tree  is  alfo  found  in  almolT:  every  part  oi  the  avoid  the  expence  of  feeding  many  through 

country,   a  tree   only   met  with   on   good  the  winter,  as  loon  as  the  froft  fets  in  they 

ground.    A  maple  tree  of  the  diameter  of  generally  kill  cattle  and  poultry  fufhcient  to 

20  inches  will  commonly  yield  fufficient  fap  laft  them  till  the  return  of  fpring.    The  car- 

for  making  five  pounds  of  fugar  each  year,  cafes  are  buried  in  the  ground,  and  covered 

and  inftances  have    been   known  of  trees  v/ith  a  heap  of  fnow,  and  as  they  are  wanted 

yielding  nearly  this  quantity  annually  for  a  they  are  dug  up.     Vegetables  are  laid  up  in 

feries  of  3oyears.   The  air  of  Lower  Canada  the  fame  manner,  and  they  continue   very 

is  extremely  pure,  and  the  climate  is  deemed  good  throughout  the  whole  winter.    The 

uncommonly  falubrious,  except  only  in  the  markets   in  the  towns  are  always  fupplied 

weftcrn  parts  of  the  province,  where  as  high  beft  at  this  feafon,  and  provifions  are  then 


up  as  the  river  St.  Laurence,  and  in  aimoft 
every  part  of  the  United  States  fouth  of  New 
England,  between  the  ocean  and  the  moun- 
tains, the  inhabitants  fufFer  to  a  great  degree 
from  intermittent  fevers.  From  Montreal 
downwards  the  climaterefembles  very  much 
that  of  the  States  of  New  England,  the  peo- 
ple live  to  a  good  old  age,  and  intermittents 
are  quite  unknown.  This  great  difference 
in  the  healthinefs  of  the  two  parts  of  the 


alfo  the  cheapeft.  The  winter  generally 
continues  till  the  latter  end  of  April,  and 
fometimes  even  till  May,  when  a  thaw 
comes  on  very  fuddenly.  The  fnow  fbon 
difappears,  but  it  is  a  long  time  before  the 
immenfe  bodies  of  ice  in  the  rivers  are  dit 
folved.  The  rapid  progrefs  of  vegetation 
in  Canada  as  foon  as  the  winter  is  over  is 
moft  aftonifliing.  Spring  has  fcarcely  ap- 
peared, when  you  find  it  is  fummer.     In  a 


province  muff  be  attributed  to  the  different    few  days  the  fields  are  clothed  with  the 
afpefts  of  the  country ;  to  the  eaft  Lower    richeft  verdure,  and  the  trees  obtain  their 


Canada,  like  New  England,  is  mountainous, 
but  to  the  weft  it  is  an  extended  flat.  The 
extremes  of  heat  and  cold  in  Canada  are 
amazing:  in  the  months  of  July  and  Auguft 
the  thermometer,  according  to  Fahrenheit, 
is  often  known  to  rife  to  96  ;  yet  a  winter 


foliage.  The  various  produftions  of  the 
garden  come  after  each  other  in  quick  fuc- 
ceflion,  and  the  grain  fown  in  May  affords 
a  rich  harveft  by  the  end  of  July.  It  is 
obferved,  that  there  is  in  general  a  difference 
of  about  three  weeks  in  the  length  of  the 


fcarcely  paffes  over  but  even   the  mercury    winter  at  Montreal  and  at  Quebec,  and  of 
itfelf  freezes.  Thofe  very  fudden  tranfitions,    courfe  in  the  feafons. 


however,  from  heat  to  cold,  fo  common  in 
the  United  States,  and  fo  very  injurious  to 
the  conftitution,  are  unknown  in  Canada; 
the  feafons  alfo  are  much  more  regulated. 
The  greateft  degree  of  cold  which  they  ex- 
perience in  Canada  is  in  the  month  of  Janu- 
ary, when  for  a  few  days  it  is  fometimes  fo 
intenfe,  that  it  is  irapo'Tible  for  a  human 
being  to  remain   out   of  the  doors  for  any 


Canaga^  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
iiland  of  Mindanao.  Long.  126.  12.  E. 
Lat.  6.  54.  N. 

Canakampaleaji^  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
the  Myfore.    12  miles  E.  Sattimungulum. 

Canal  of  Brlare  in  France,  was  begun  by 
Henry  IV.  to  form  a  communication  between 
the  Seine  and  the  Loire,  from  the  town  of 
Briare ;  at  Montargis  it   is  joined   by  the 


confiderable  time  without  evident  danger  of  canal  of  Orleans,  and  in  one  ftreara  falls  into 

being  froft-bitten.    Winter  in  Canada  is  the  the  Seine  at  Fontainebleau. 

feafon   of  general    amufement ;    the  clear  Canal  {Great  J  ox  Royal  CaJtal  of  China, 

frofty  weather  no  fooner  commences  than  extends  from   north  to  fouth  through  the 

all  thoughts   about  bufinefs  are  laid  afide,  empire,  and  united  with  feveral  rivers  in  its 


and  every  one  devotes  himfelf  to  pleafure. 
The  inhabitants  meet  in  convivial  parties  at 
each  other's  houfes,  and  pafs  the  day  v/ith 
muiic,  dancing,  card-playing,  and  every 
focial  entertainment  that  can  bjguile  the 
time.  ■  Though  cold  is  fo  very  intenfe  in 
VoL.L 


courfe,  ferves  to  convey  goods  from  Canton 
to  Pekin,  being  only  interrupted  about  one 
day's  journey  by  a  mountain  in  the  province 
of  Kiang-fi.  This  canal  was  made  bv  order 
of  Chi-tfou,  chieftain  of  the  wcftern  Tartars, 
and  founder  of  the  twentieth  dynaftvof 
¥  i 


CAN 

Chinefe  emperors,  and  employed    30,000 
men  upwards  of  forty  years. 

Canals  y  (EngliJhJ  it  is  of  few  years  only 
that  navigable  canals  have  been  introduced 
into  England.    The  duke   of  Bridgewater 
fecms  to  have  fet  the  exam  pie  in  tlie  year 
1756.     He  originally  intended  and  obtained 
an  ad  of  parliament  to  form  a  canal  for  the 
purpofe  of  carrying  coals  from  his  eftate  to 
Manchefter ;  by  fubfequent  acls  it  was  ex- 
tended farther.    It  begins  at  Worfley,  about 
7  miles  from  Manchefter,   and  4  from  Bol- 
ton, in  Lancaflaire  ;  crofling  the  Merfey,  one 
branch  turns  to  Manchefter,  and  another  to 
Altringham  in  Chefhire,  and  from  thence  to 
Prefton  on  the  Hole,  about  3   miles  from 
Frodfliam ;    a  branch  is  alfo   made    from 
Bury,  and  another  from  Bolton,  by  which  a 
communication   is   opened    between    thofe 
towns  and  Manchefter.  From  Afhton-under- 
Line  a  cut  is  made  to   Manchefter,  which 
uniting  with  the  Meifey  forms  a  communi- 
cation between  Stockport  and  Manchefter. 
Since  that  time,  numerous  canals  have  been 
made  in  diff"erent  parts  of  the  kingdom,  and 
adts  are  continually  paffinp;  for  others.     The 
Staffordfhire  Canal,  or  Grand  Trunk,  as  it 
is  called,  forms  a  communication  between 
the  Merfey  and  the  Trent,  at  a  place  called 
Wilden   in   Derbyfliire ;  by  which   means 
goods  may  be  eafily  conveyed  from  the  ma- 
nufadluring  towns  of  Lancalhire,  Cheftiire, 
and  Staftordfhire,  to  the  Humber,  the  Ger- 
man Ocean,  and  the   northern  parts  of  Eu- 
rope.    Another  canal  from  near  Bewdley 
forms  a  communication  between  the  Severn 
and  the  Grand  Trunk,  near  Stafford.   Other 
canals  are  made  to  form  a  communiciition 
with  the  Grand  Trunk,  near  Staftbrd,  from 
Birmingham,  Coventry,    Oxford,  Fazeley, 
Wallal,  Wolverhampton,  Wedncft)ury,  &c. 
There  is  a  canal  from  Liverpool  to  Leeds, 
&c.  a  canal  from  Balinglloke  in  Hamplliire, 
to  the  Thames,  at  Wcybridge  ;  a  canal  from 
Andover,   in   Hamplliire,  to  the  river  near 
Southampton  ;  a  canal  from  Lechlade  to  the 
Severn,  between  Gloucefter  and  Berkley, &;c. 
Canals  of  Flaiultrs,  are  numerous,  and 
form  a  communication  between  Calais,  St. 
Omer's,  Dunkirk,  Bergues,  Bourbourg,  Gra- 
velines,  Furnes,  Nicuport,  Oftend,  Bruges, 
Ghent,  Sic.  with  litde  interruption. 

Csnial,  (Grand  IriJhJ  extends  from  Dub- 
lin to  Athv,  where  it  joins  the  river  Barrow. 
Canal,  {Royal  Jrijh,)  extends  from  Dub- 
lin to  Ballifcullogs,  about  two  miles  from 
Johnftown-bridgc,  in  the  county  of  Kildare. 
Canal  of  Langucdoc,  in  France.     Tliis  ca- 
nal was  undcrmken   in  the  reign  of  Louis 
XIV.  for  the  purpofe  of  opening  a  commu- 
nication  between  the  Englifli  Channel  and 
the  Mediterranean.     It  begins  at  Cettc,  and 
joins  the  Garonne  one  mile  below  Touloufc. 
Cafuii  of  Orleans, OiQMdX  of  France,  which 


C  A  N 

begins  at  Orleans,  and  unites  with  the  canal 
ot  Briare,  at  Montargis. 

Canal  of  Picardy,  a  canal  of  France, 
which  forms  a  communication  between  the 
rivers  Somme  and  Oife.  It  begins  at  St.- 
Quentin,  in  the  department  of  the  Aifne, 
and  joins  the  Oife  near  la  Fere. 

Canal  of  Scotland,  (Great,)  this  canal 
opens  a  communication  between  the  rivers 
Forth  and  Clyde,  and  facilitates  the  con- 
veyance of  merchandize  from  Ireland  and 
the  north-weft  parts  of  England  to  the  Ger- 
man Ocean,  the  eaft  part  of  Scotland,  and 
the  northern  parts  of  Germany,  &c.  and 
from  the  north-eaflern  parts  of  England  to 
the  Iiifh  fea  and  weftern  parts  of  Scotland, 
with  much  greater  certainty  and  lefs  dan- 
ger than  by  the  former  courfe  of  navigation 
round  the  northern  coaft  of  Scotland. 

Canal  of  Vifchncl-Vologok,  a  canal  of 
Ruflia,  which  forms  a  navigation  from  Peterf- 
burg  to  Aftrachan,  a  courfe  of  iioo  miles, 
pafimg  by  or  near  to  Novgorod,  Vifchnei- 
Vologok,  Torjok,Tver,  Molkow,  Kolo,  Za- 
laifl{,rPronf!<;,  Skopia,  Rigjek,  Tambov,  Ko- 
perflv,  Arkadinflcaia,  Donilcaia,  Tfchernoi- 
yar,  &c. 

Canal  de  Principe,  a  channel  of  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  between  Banks's  ifland  and 
Pitt's  Archipelago. 

Canal  Tslas  de  Ulloa,  an  inlet  of  the  Pu- 
erto del  Baylio  Bucaroli,  in  the  Prince  of 
Wales  Archipelago.  Long,  of  the  entrance, 
3*6.  58.  E.  Lat.  55.  14.  N. 

Canak  de  Roncina,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
county  of  Goritz,  on  the  Lifonzo.  ~  8  miles 
N.  Goritz. 

Canajica,  an  ifland  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coaft  of  Bralil,  40  miles  long,  and  5 
broad.     Lat.  34.  ss-  S. 

Cananioa,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Mayo.  60  m.ENE.  Santa  Cruz. 
Canandarqtie,  a  town  of  United  America, 
in  the  ftate  of  New  York,  on  a  fmall  lake 
to  which  it  gives  name.  25  miles  S.  lake 
Ontario. 

Canano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra,     a  miles  SSE.  Reggio. 

Canancre,  a  feaport  town  of  Hindooftan, 
on  the  coafl  of  Malabar,  fituated  at  the  bot- 
tom of  a  fmall  harbour,  in  which  is  a  depth 
of  14  feet  under  the  guns  of  the  fort.  The 
country  furniOies  a  large  quantity  of  pepper, 
cardamoms,  ginger,  myrobolans,  and  tama- 
rinds. It  was  built  by  Almeyda,the  viceroy 
of  Portugal,  in  the  Eaft-Indics;  it  with- 
ftood  the  armies  of  Calicut  and  Cananor 
when  bcheged;  but  was  taken  by  the  Dutch 
in  1664,  who  have  eftablifhed  a  fadory 
there.  The  town  was  taken  by  the  Britilh 
under  Macleod,  and  the  princefs  made  pri- 
foner ;  and  it  was  again  taken  by  thera 
under  General  Abercrombie,  on  the  ijth  of 
December  1790.     15  miles  NE.  Tellichcri^ 


CAN 


CAN 


too  WSW.  Seiingapatam.     Long.  75.  14. 
E.  Lat.  II.  5?.  N. 

Canaphs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somine.     10  miles  N.  Amiens. 

Canuppcville,  a   town   of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Euro.     9  m.  N.  Evrcux. 

Canjr,  a.  town  of  South-America,  in  tlie 
audience  of  Quito.     20  miles  N.  Riobamba. 

Caimra,  a  country  ofHindooftan,  belonging 
to  the  kingdom  oi  Mylbre ;  the  length  is  near 
180  miles  along  the  coaft  of  the  Indian  fea, 
its  breadth  from  30  to  90  miles.  The  air  of 
Canara  is  very  pure,  and  extremely  plcafant; 
the  country  alio  is  fo  fertile  that  it  fuppiies 
Europe  with  rice,  and  feveral  parts  of  the 
Indies.  Befidesthis  grain,  the  foil  produces 
plenty  of  betel-nuts  and  wild  nutmegs,  ufed 
in  dymg;  there  is  likewife  fome  pepper,  but 
not  comparable  to  that  of  Sundah.  Wild 
elephants  are  found  in  the  forelfs.  The  Ca- 
narians  are  of  a  tawny  complexion,  and  mid- 
dle fized,  wear  their  hair  long,  and  drefs 
not  unlike  the  Hindoos  of  Surat ;  they  are 
generally  good  Ibldiers,  and  moft  expert  in 
mining;  nor  do  they  light  'i.o  diibrdeily  as 
the  Malabars,  but  tiiey  are  not  quite  fo  brave, 
being  more  ufed  to  commerce,  which  car- 
ries them  to  all  parts  of  the  Indies  ;  neither 
do  they  follow  the  laws  and  cufloms  of  the 
Malabars,  cfpecially  in  what  relates  to  the 
dilrindion  and  degrees  of  their  tribes,  but 
conform  thcmfelves,  in  moft  rel'pciSs,  to 
thofe  ot  the  Hindooftan  pagans.  The  prime 
nobility  have  the  title  of  Naiks,  as  thofe  of 
Malabar  are  called  Nairs.  The  language  is 
peculiaf,  and  called  Canareyn,  fpoken  every 
where,  v.dth  fome  variation  of  dialed,  from 
the  borders  of  Malabar  as  far  as  Surat.  In 
1799,  ^'''■s  country  was  ceded  to  Great- 
Britain.  The  principal  places  are  Manga- 
lore,  Barcelore,  Onorc,  and  Carwar. 

Canara.,  a  river  of  Canada,  which  runs 
into  the  Detroit,  Lo72g.  8j.  42.  W.  Lat. 
42.  32.  N. 

Canari,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Corfica. 
12  miles  NW.  Baftia. 

Caji.aribambat  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  au- 
dience of  Quito.     30  miles  SW.  Cuenca. 

Canaries.,  a  clufter  of  iflands  in  the  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  generally  confidered  as  belonging 
to  Africa,  the  moft  eafterly  being  about 
150  miles  from  Cape  Non,  They  are  thir- 
teen in  number,  feven  of  wliich  are  coniider- 
able,  viz.  Palma,  Ferro,  Gomera,  Teneriff", 
Grand  Canary,  Fuerteventura,  and  Lance- 
rota  ;  the  other  lix  are  very  fmall,  Graciofa, 
Roca  or  Rocca,  Allegranza,  Sta.  Clara,  In- 
ferno, and  Lobos.  They  are  fuppofed  to 
have  been  known  to  the  ancients  under  the 
title  of  the  Fortunate  Iflands  ;  but  negle6ted 
till  the  beginning  of  the  15th  century,  when 
John  de  Betancourr,  a  gentleman  of  Nor- 
mandy, took  poffeflion  of  Fuerteventura  and 
Lancerota  for  John  king  of  Caftile,  about 


the  year  1404.    By  the  treaty  of  peace  be» 
tween    Ferdinand  king  of  Caftilc,  and  Al- 
phonfo   king   of  Portugal,  it  was    agreed, 
that  thefe  iflands  fliould  belong  to  Spain,  in 
lieu  of  the  fettlemcnts  on  the  continent  of 
Africa,  being  ceded  to  Portugal.    The  firlb 
difcoverers  found  neither  corn  or  wine;  at 
prefent  there  is  plenty  of  both.     It  would  be 
dilficult,  perhaps  impoilible,  to  afcertain  how 
thcfe  iflands  were  firft  peopled,  and  whence 
the  name  of  Canary  is  derived  :  fome  afcribe 
it  to  the  great  number  of  dogs  found  there, 
from  the  Latin  word  earns;  others  from  the 
Canaanites  or  Phosnicians,  who  vilited  thefe 
iflands.     It  is  probable  that  the  firft  inhabit- 
ants might  have  been  Canaanites,  but  the 
opinion  that  the  name   fliould    have   been 
thence  given  to  the  iflands,  feems  rather  fan- 
ciful than  Iblid.     The  principal  differences 
in  the  climates  of  thefe  iflands   arife  from 
their  difrcrcnt  elevations  above  the  fea.     For 
eight  months  in   the  year,  the  fummits  of 
them,  except  Lancerota  and  Fuerteventura, 
are  covered  with  fnow ;  yet  in   their  vallies 
and  fhores  the  cold  is  feidom  fo  great  as  to 
render  fires  necefTary.    A  very  great  propor- 
tion of  the   furface  of  all  the   Canaries  is 
covered  with  lava,  calcined  ftones,  and  black 
duft  or  afhes,  formerly  emitted  by  volcanoes, 
the  remains  of  which  are   ftill   vifible  in  all 
the  iflands ;  and  f  )rae  oi  them,  among  which 
is  the  Pike  of  Teneriffe,   are  not  yet  extin- 
guifhed.     The  prefent  inhabitants  of  thefe 
iflands,  who  amount  to  near  200,000,  are  dc- 
fcended  from  a  mixture  of  the  Spanifli  con-' 
querors  and  the  aborigines,   on  whom  the 
government  of  that  period  conferred  equal 
privileges.     In  confequence  of  this  wife  and 
humane  policy,  the  Spaniards  eafily  incorpo- 
rated with  the  natives ;  fo  that  their  pofterity 
have  long  formed  but  one  people.     Hence 
more  good  foldiers  and  failors  may  be  raifed 
in  the  Canaries  than  in  any  other  Spanifh 
colony,  containing  thrice  their  number.    The 
prefent  inhabitants  of  the  Canaries  are  ftrong 
and  well  made,  but  more  fwarthy  than  the 
natives   of   Spain.      The  common   people 
wear  coarfe  woollen  cloths  of  their  own  ma- 
nufadture,  except  on   holidays,   when  they 
appear  in  coarfe  Englifh  broad-cloth.    The 
gentry,  though  few   of  them  are  rich,  are. 
rather  proud,   but   polite  and    hofpitable; 
fome  of  them  are  tolerably   well  educated 
and  informed.     The  Canarians  are  blind  to 
the  impofitions  of  their  priefts  and  lawyers; 
but  they  are  extremely  avei  fc  to  war,  bccaufe 
they   plainly  fee  it  ruins  their  conmierce. 
In  the  war  which  ended  in  1763,  they  ftre- 
nuoufly  endeavoured  to  procure  a  neutrality 
for  their  iflands.     The  intercouiii:  between 
thefcxes  before  marriage  is  much  relh-aincd. 
Hence  their  love    is    romantic,   and  their 
matches  are    difmterefted,   yet  they  form 
more  unhappy  ones  than  in  countries  wiiete 
rfi 


CAN 

{he  parties  are  better  acquainted  previous  to 
their  union.    Their  ideas  of  religion  are  fo 
narrow,  that  it  is  extremely  uncomfortable 
for  any  but  Catholics  to  live  among  them, 
except  in  Teneriflfe,  where  there  are  indeed 
a  few  Proteftant  merchants ;  but  the  trade 
with  Proteftant  countries  is  chiefly  carried 
on  by  Irifli  merchants  of  the  Catholic  com- 
munion.   The  bifhop  refides  in  Grand  Ca- 
nary, and  has  an  annual   income  of  about 
6000I.  fterling.    In  each  ifland  is  an  office 
of  the  inquilition,  who,  till  very  lately,  ex- 
ercifed  their   power,   and  fometimes  very 
much  abufed  it,  independently  of  the  civil 
magiftrates.    The  moft  prevalent  difeafes 
are,  the  fpotted  fever,  the  palfy,  and  the 
flatus,  a  windy  diforder   affefting  the  fto- 
mach,  bowels,  and  head;  there  are  alfo  a 
few  lepers.  The  Canary  iflands  import  from 
Great-Britain   woollens   of    various   kinds, 
hats,  hard-ware,  pilchards,  herrings,  wheat, 
when  fcarce,  &c. ;  from  Ireland,  beef,  pork, 
butter,  candles,  and  herrings ;  from  North- 
America,  boards,  ftaves,  beef,  pork,  hams, 
rice,  and  wheat,  in  times  of  fcarcity  ;  from 
Bifcay,  bar  iron  ;  from  Holland  and  Ham- 
burg, linen  of  all  forts,  cordage,  gunpow- 
der, flax,  &c.;  from  Malta,  cotton  manufac- 
tures ;  but  from  every  other  place,  cottons 
are  fubject  to  a  duty  amounting  to  a  prohi- 
bition.   The  Maltefe  are  exempted,  becaufe 
they  maintain   a  perpetual    war  with   the 
Turks  and  Moors.     The  manufadures  of 
thefe   iflands  are   taffities,  knit  filk  hofe, 
lilk  garters,   quilts,    and   bed-covers.      In 
Grand  Canary  and  TenerifFe,  they  make 
coarfe  linens,  and  gauze,   of  Dutch  flax. 
White  blankets  and  coarfe  cloths  are  fabri- 
cated in  Grand  Canary,  from  the  wool  of 
that  ifland;  a  very  coarfe  cloth  is  alfo  made 
from  native  wool  in  the  other  iflands.     In 
order  to  encourage  the  filk  manufacture  in 
the  Canaries,  tlie  exportation  of  their  own 
raw  fllk  is  prohibited.     The  King's  revenue 
confifts  of  the  royal  third  of  tiie  church;  the 
monopoly  of  tobacco   and  fnuff;    annual 
acknowledgment  of  the  nobility   for  their 
titles;  a  duty  of  7  per  cent,  on  imports  and 
exports;  a  duty  on  the  Weft-Indian   com- 
merce of  tlie  Canaries.    The  annual  revenue 
of  all  the  iflands,  after  paying  the  expences 
of  colledtion,  and  of  the  internal  government, 
brings   into  the  treafury  of  Madrid  about 
50,oool.  fterling.      Long.  i;,.  ac  to  18.  10. 
W.  A<?/.  27.  30.  to  29.  30.  N. 

Canarin,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  fea  of  Min- 
doro.     Long.  120.  16.  E.  Lat. 10.  33.  N. 

Cdfiaro  Venetico^-x  town  of  the  Polelino  de 
Rovigo.     12  miles  SW.  Rovigo. 

Ca?iary,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Sandomirz.     16  m.  W.  Sandomirz. 
Ca>iary,  (Grand,)  the  principal  of  the 
Canaries,  wliich  gives  name  to-  the  whole, 
about  30   miles  long  and  18   broad;  the 


CAN 

feat  of  government,  vefted  in  a  governor  an  i 
three  afleflbrs,  who  exercife  a  fovereign  au- 
thority, and  receive  appeals  from  all  the 
other  iflands;  the  middle  part  of  the  ifland 
is  very  mountainous,  fo  that  on  one  fide  it 
may  blow  a  ftorm,  v/hile  on  the  other  it  is 
quite  calm.  The  air  is  temperate  ;  the  in- 
habitants have  two  harvefts  in  a  year.  They 
cultivate  fugar-canes  and  vines,  from  which 
they  make  wine  called  fack,  or  Canary,  of 
which  they  export  great  quantities.  They 
have  excellent  fruits,  fuch  as  melons,  pears, 
apples,  figs,  peaches  of  feveral  kinds,  and 
plantains.  There  are  great  plenty  of  horn- 
ed cattle,  ftags,  poultry,  pigeons,  and  par- 
tridges. Wood  is  fcarce.  The  wheat  and 
other  corn  is  exceedingly  good.  The  prin- 
cipal town  is  Palmas,  or  Canary :  other 
towns  are  Galder,  Tirachana,  and  Luz.  On 
the  north  fide  of  Canary  is  a  peninfula,  about 
fix  iT\iles  in  circumference.  The  ifthmus  by 
which  it  is  connefted  with  the  main  ifland  is 
about  two  miles  in  length,  and  a  quarter  of 
a  mile  in  bresdth  at  the  narroweft  part.  On 
each  fide  of  this  ifthmus  is  a  bay  which  is 
expofed  on  the  north-weft  fide  to  the  fwell 
of  the  fea.  and  therefore  an  unfit  road  for 
fliipping;  but  fmall  barks  get  in  between 
a  ledge  of  rocks  and  the  fhore,  and  lie  there 
fmooth  and  fecure  from  all  wind  and  wea- 
ther. Here  the  natives  of  the  ifland  repair 
their  fmall  vefl^els.  On  the  other  fide  of  the 
ifthmus  is  a  fpacious  fandy  bay,  called  by 
fome  Porto  de  Luz,  and  by  others  Porto  de 
Iflets,  from  fome  fteep  rocks  or  iflands  at 
the  entrance  of  the  bay  towards  the  north- 
eaft.  This  is  a  good  road  for  fhipping  of 
any  burthen,  with  all  winds  except  the  fouth- 
eaft,  to  which  it  is  expofed;  but  that  wind,, 
which  is  not  coBimon  here,  feldom  blows  fo 
hard  as  to  endanger  fhipping.  The  landing- 
place  is  in  the  very  bight  or  bottom  of  the 
bay,  where  tlie  water  is  generally  fo  fmooth 
that  a  boat  may  lie  abroadlide  to  the  fhore 
without  danger.  At  this  landing-place  ft:ands 
a  hermitage,  or  chapel,  dedicated  to  St. 
Catherine,  and  a  caftle  mounted  with  a  few 
guns,  but  of  no  ftrength.  From  thence 
along  fliorc  to  the  eaftward,  at  the  diflance 
of  a  league,  is  the.city  of  Palmas,  the  capital 
of  the  ifland;  between  which  and  the  above- 
mentioned  cafl:le  are  two  other  forts  mounted 
with  guns;  thefe  have  no  garrifbns  except 
a  few  invalids.  At  the  other  end  of  the  city 
is  another  caftle,  called  St.  Pedro.  Ships 
that  difcharge  their  cargoes  at  Palmas  gene- 
rally in  good  weather  anchor  v/ithin  half  a 
mile  of  the  town  for  the  quicker  difpatch, 
but  that  place  is  not  a  good  road.  The 
next  port  of  any  confequcnce  is  Gando,. 
fituated  on  the  fouth-eafl  part  of  the  ifland. 
Gaete  or  Agaete,  on  the  north-welt  part  of 
the  ifland,  is  a  port  with  a  caftle  for  its 
defence.    The  whoje  coaft  of  Canary,  ex-^ 


CAN 

cepting  at  thefe  ports,  is  in  general  inaccef- 
fible  to  boats  and  veficis,  by  reafon  of  the 
breaking  of  the  fea  upon  it ;  even  the  leeward 
or  ibuth-weft   part  of  the  ifland  is  expoled 
to  this  inconvcniency,  although   it  is  fliel- 
tered  by  the  land  from  the  fwell  of  the  trade 
wind.     There  are  no  inland  cities  or  large 
towns,  but  many  villages.     The  temperature 
of  the  air  is  no  where  more  delightful  than 
in  the  iiland  of  Canary.     The  heat  in  fiim- 
mer  feldom  exceeds  that  which  generally 
prevails  in  England  in  the  months  of  July 
and   Auguft,  and  the  coldeft   part   of  the 
winter  is  not  fiiarpcr  than  about  the  end  of 
Jilay  in  a  backward  feafon     The  fame  forts 
of  wind  blow  here  at  the  f;ime  periods  as  at 
Lancerota  and  Fuerteventura,  but  the  nor- 
therly wind  is  not  fo  ftrong,  being  only  a 
gentle  breeze  that  cools  the  air,  fo  as  to 
render  it  agreeably  temperate.  •  The  hea- 
vens here  are  feldom  overcaft,  the  fky  being 
almoft   continually  ftrene,    and  free  from 
Itorms  and  thunder.    The  only  difagreeablc 
weather  is  when  the  fouth-eafl  winds  come 
upon  the  iiland   from   the  great  defcrt  of 
Africa ;  but  thefe  rarely  happen,  and  do  not 
lafl   long:    they   are   very   hot,  dry,   and 
ftifling,  and  do  much  damage  to  the   fruits 
of  the  earth   by  their  pernicious  quality, 
and  alfo  by  bringing  clouds  of  locuits  that 
devour  every  green  thing  where  they  alight. 
In  the  mountains  the  v/eather  is  different, 
for  there  it  is  very  cold  in  winter,  and  the 
tops  uninhabitable  by  reafon  of  the  fnow 
that  falls  there  in  that  feafon  in  great  abun- 
dance.    The  air  is  exceedingly  wholelbme, 
and  the  natives  enjoy  health  and  longevity, 
almoft  beyond  any  people   in  the   world. 
This  ifland  is  well  watered,   and  abounds 
with  wood  of  various  kinds:  almoll  every 
thing  that  is  planted  here  will  thrive ;  the 
pine,  palm,  wild  olive,  laurel,  poplar,  elder, 
brelfos  a  fort  of  brufliwood,  dragon-tree, 
(that  yields  gum)  lena,   nuefs  or   Rhodiurrj 
wood,  the  aloes  Ihrub,  Indian  iig  or  prickly 
pear,  and  tubayba  growing  fpontaneoufly 
and  without  cultivation.     The  euphorbium 
Ihrub    grows    here    to   a    large   lize,   and 
in    great  plenty.    There  are  many  others 
befides  thefe  defcribed.    All  the  large  trees, 
except  palm,  that  are  natural  to  the  ifland, 
grow  on  the  mountains.    As  to  fruits,  here 
are    the    almond,   walnut,  chefnut,  apple, 
pear,   peach,   apricot,  cherry,   plum,  mul- 
berry, fig,  banana,  date,  orange,  lemon,  ci- 
tron, lime,  pomegranate,  and  in  iliort  almoft 
all  the  American  and  European  fruits.     Of 
grain,  they  have  v/heat,   barley,  and  maize, 
or  Indian  corn;  but  peas,   beans,  and  gar- 
ravanliis,  are  fcarce  and  dear;  melons  of  dif- 
ferent forts,  potatoes,  bananas,  yams,  pom- 
pions,   the  befl  onions  in  the  world,   and 
many  other   kinds   of  roots   are   found   in 
pknty  here,  and  all  good  of  their  kinds. 


CAN 

Although  there  Is  more  level  and  arable 
land  in  Canary  than  in  any  of  the  iflands  to 
the  weffward  of  it,  yet  it  bears  no  propor- 
tion to  the  ftony,  rocky,  and  barren  ground. 
The  prodigious  quantity  of  calcined  flones, 
aflies,  and  lava,  thut  cover  the  greatcft  part  o( 
all  the  Canary  iflands,  disfigure  them  much, 
and  render  the  ground  unpleafant.  The 
volcanos  from  whence  this  matter  proceeded, 
and  which  formerly  burned,  may  be  dif- 
cerned  in  all  quarters  of  this  and  the  reft  of 
t]ie  iflands,  as  alfo  the  channels  made  by  the 
fiery  flreams  that  flowed  from  them,  which 
are  full  of  aflies,  cinders,  and  pumice  ftones. 
The  wine  of  Canary  is  good,  but  has  not 
fuch  a  body  as  that  of  TenerifFe,  and  there- 
fore is  not  fit  for  exportation ;  yet  many  pipes 
of  it  are  annually  fentto  the  Spanifli  Weft- 
Indies.  The  animals  here  are  camels,  horfes, 
affes,  a  few  mules,  bullocks,  flieep,  goats, 
hogs,  rabbits,  fowls,  turkeys,  geefe,  ducks, 
partridges,  crows,  Canary  birds,  with  fome 
others  of  the  fame  fize,  ieldom  vlflt  any  of 
the  Canaries,  except  this  and  Ferro,  which 
are  the  moft  foutherly.  Lsng.  15.  30.  W. 
Lat.  a8.  N.  ■ 

Canaryy  or  Pahjia,  the  capital  of  the 
ifland  of  Grand  Canary,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop, 
fuflragan  of  Seville  :  the  refidence  of  the 
governor  and  fovereign  council  of  the  Ca- 
naries, and  a  tribunal  of  the  inquifition. 
The  town  is  three  miles  in  circumference, 
andconrainsabout  i2,oooinhabitants.  Long, 
15.  10.  W.  Lat.  28.  4.  N, 

Cajiast  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Lat.  10.  28.  N. 

Caiias  y  Canches,  or  Ti?ita,  a  diftri(ff  or 
juri'didion  of  South-America,  \v\  Peru, 
which  takes  its  name  from  Canches,  part  of 
the  Cordillera  mountains  fo  called ;  it  is 
called  Tinta,  from  the  name  of  the  principal 
town.  The  country  yields  plenty  of  corn, 
and  the  inhabitants  breed  a  great  number  of 
cattle  and  mules,  which  they  difpofe  of  at 
their  fairs  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  neigh- 
bouring provinces.  It  lies  70  miles  fouth 
Cufco. 

Cnnnjlel,  a  town  of  Algiers.  15  miles 
N.  Oran. 

Cauavez,  a  late  diftrifl  of  Italy,  in  the 
principality  of  Piedmont,  of  v/hich  Ivrea  was 
the  capital. 

Cariavezes,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Entre  Duero  e  Minho.  27  m. 
E.  Oporto,  5  SSE.  Am.arante. 

Canavoi  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.    4  miles  SE.  Reggio. 

Cana'waga,•^T^  Indian  town,  in  the  ftate  of 
New-York,  on  the  Genefce. 

Ciitiaygong,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 

Mahratta  country.     25  miles  NE.  Poonah, 

Cancnlc,  afeaporttown  of  France,  in  the 

department  of  the  Ille  and  Valaine,  in  the 

diftricl  of  St.  Male,  celebrated  for  oyfters. 


CAN 

The  EngliHi  landed  here  in  1758.    9  miles 
•    E.  St.  Malo.    Long.i.  46.  W.    Lat,  a%. 
40.  N. 

Cancar,  or  Ponthiames^  or  Pontcnneasy  a 
feaporttown  of  Cambodia,  f.tuatcdon  a  river 
which  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Siam.  It  was 
,  formeiiy  a  place  of  confiderable  trade,  and 
much  frequented  by  foreigners,  till  in  1717 
it  was  ravaged  by  the  Sianiefe,  and  the  coin- 
jnerce  removed  to  other  ports.  Long.  104. 
6.  E.     Lat.  ic.  24;  N. 

Canche,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  fea  near  Etaples,  in  the  department  of 
the  Straits  of  Calais. 

Canches,  a  mountain  of  Peru,  v/hich  gives 
name  to  a  jurifdifUon.  It  is  a  part  of  the 
Andes.     Lat.  14.  10.  S. 

Catichyy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.    5  miles  N.  Abbeville. 

Caiichy.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Calvados.  10  milesW.  Bayeux. 
■  Cancoii,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  6  miles  W. 
^lonflanquin. 

Canczuca,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Lemberg.     36  miles  W.  Lemberg. 

Cauda,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Polefino  dc 
Rovigo,  on  the  Tartaro.  14  miles  WSW. 
Rovigo. 

Cauda,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs 
into  the  Eden  at  Carhfle. 

Candakar,  or  Kandahar,  a  country  of 
Alia,  formerly  an  independent  kingdom,  but 
being  fituated  between  the  two  powerful 
countries  of  Perlia  and  Hindooftan,  became 
fometimes  a  province  of  the  Mogul  empire, 
at  others  a  province  of  Perfia,  till  it  was 
again  formed  into  an  independent  kingdom 
by  Timur  Shah  Abdalla;  to  which  he  an- 
nexed moil  of  the  provinces  ceded  by  the 
Mogul  to  Nadir  Shah:  the  military  eila- 
blifhment  in  1783  was  200,000  men.  It  is 
bour.ded  on  the  north  by  the  mountain  of 
Gor,  on  the  caft  by  the  Indus,  on  the  fouth 
by  Sewee,  and  on  the  vv'eft  by  Perfia.  Evtry 
where,  except  towards  Perfia,  the  country  is 
mountainous,  but  prochices  in  abundance  aJl 
the  neccfuiries  of  life.  Bjfides  Candahar 
•  Proper,  the  kingdom  includes  Cabuliftan, 
Gliizni,  Cachennre,  part  of  Segclfan,  and 
part  of  Chorafan.     Cabul  is  the  capital. 

Candahar,  a  c  ty  of  Afia,  in  a  kingdom  of 
the  lame  name.  It  is  large,  and  furrounded 
with  walls  and  ditches,  once  the  frontier 
town  of  Hindooftan  towards  Peiiia.  It  is 
lituated  in  th.e  road  from  Ifpahan  to  Delhi, 
and  cor.fequently  is  a  place  of  confiderable 
trade  and  importance.  It  is  fituated  on  the 
river  liermund,  which  divides  it  in  two  parts. 
Candahai  was  taken  l»y  Timur  l\cc  in  1383, 
by  Shah  Abhas  fophi  of  Perfia  in  1650, 
and  by  N.idir  Sliah  in  1737.    Long.  65.  30. 

E.  y..i.'.  33.N- 

Cun  lake,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Candy, 


CAN 

on  the  fite  of  the  ancient  GnofTus.    4  miles 
ESE.  Candia. 

Canda'il,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  tbe-^ovince 
of  Mecran.     14S  miles  E.  Kidge. 

Cafidaloro,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of 
Satalia,  on  the  coaft  of  Natolia.  Long.T,i. 
E.     Laf.  37.  N. 

CaTidanada,  a  town  of  Cochin.  18  miles 
ESE.  Cochin. 

Candanore,  a  town  of  Hindcoflan,  in  Go!- 
conda.     50  miles  SW.  Hydrabad. 

Caridaputta,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  circar  of  Cuddapa.  40  miles  NNW. 
Candicotta. 

Candau,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Cour- 
land.     24  miles  E.  Goldingen. 

Candaya-,  a  tov/n  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Sibu.  Long.  123.  27.  E.  Lat. 
II.  22.  N. 

Candc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  10  miles 
SW.  Scgre,  20  WNW.  Angers. 

Candccojie,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  7  miles 
SE.  Agen. 

Candeijh,  a  country  of  Afia,  in  the  fouth- 
ern  part  ot  Hindooftan,  fituated  to  the  fouth 
of  Malwa.  It  was  added  to  the  Mogul  em- 
pire by  Acbar.  The  foil  is  fertile,  though 
mountainous, and  produces  more  cotton  than 
anyother  province  of  Hindooftan.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Burhampour  and  Champour. 

Candela,  a  town  of  Naples,  m  the  pro- 
vince of  Capitanata.     2  rniles  SW.  Afcoi. 

Candelara  Bay,  a  harbour  in  the  gulf  of 
Darien,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Atrato.  Long. 
77.6.  W.     Lat.%.^. 

Candelaro,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  fea  3  miles  S.  Manfredona. 

Candella,  an  ifland  in  the  Mediterranean, 
feparated  from  the  coaft  of  Livadia  by  a 
narrow  channel,  about  5  miles  long  and  % 
wide.     Long.  21. E.     Lat.  38.  59-  N. 

Candety,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  m  Myfore. 
8  miles  W.Tripatore. 

Candeinundago,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Golconda.     22  miles  S.  Canoul. 

Candcrn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Swabia,  and  marggravate  of  Baden  Dour- 
lach,  in  the  Brifgaw.  In  Oftober  1796,  the 
French  were  defeated  near  this  place  by  the 
Auftrians.    11  m.  NE.  Bale,  52  S.Stralburg. 

Candis,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Indre  and  Lone,  at  the  coniiux 
of  the  Vienne  and  Loire.  6  m.  NW.  Chinon, 
7  SE.  Saumur. 

Canddta,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Adriatic, 
near  the  coaft  of  Greece.  Long,  21.  E. 
Lat.  39.  N. 

Candgi,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
the  government  of  Diarbekir.  30  miles  SE. 
Nilibin. 

Candi,  a  city  of  the  ifland  of  Ceylon,  and 
capital  of  a  province  to  which  it  gives  name^ 


CAN 

but  not  the  refidence  of  the  kinjr.  It  was 
leveral  times  dcltroycd  by  the  Portuguele, 
when  they  had  territorial  pofleirion  in  tlie 
ifland.  The  air  is  reckoned  wholcfome,  and 
the  cHmate  good.  The  kingdom  is  divided 
into  feveral  provinces,  Ibme  of  which  are 
populous  and  fertile,  interfered  with  rivers, 
and  well  iurniflied  with  woods.  Lon^.  80. 
44.  E.     Lat.  7.  36.  N. 

Cundia,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Dora.     1 2  miles  W.  Vcrcelli. 

Ca?:-iia,  or  Candy,  a  large  ifland  in  the 
Mediterranean,  about  150  miles  in  length, 
and  trom  15  to  30  broad,  belonging  to  the 
Turks.  It  was  well  known  to  the  ancients 
under  the  name  of  Crete,  a  rich  and  powerful 
kingdom,  with  a  hundred  cities;  from  thence 
called  Hecatompolis.  In  the  year  68  before 
Christ,  it  was  fubdued  by  the  Romans 
under  Metcllus,  who  on  the  occalion  was 
honoured  with  the  title  of  Creticus,  and  a 
triumph.  St.  Paul  planted  Chriftianity  in 
this  ifland,  and  Titus  was  the  firft  bifhop  ; 
it  continued  with  the  emperors  of  the  ealt 
till  it  was  taken  from  Michael  Balbus  by 
the  Agarenians,  a  nation  of  Arabs,  who  had 
overrun  Spain.  From  them  it  was  taken 
by  the  Emperor  Phocas,  and.  continued  with 
the  empire  till  the  time  of  the  crufadcs,  when 
it  was  given  to  Boniface  marquis  of  Mont- 
terrat,  who  was  created  king  of  Thellalonica: 
by  him  it  was  fold  to  the  Venetians,  vvho 
called  it  Candia,  from  a  fortrefs  buik  by  the 
Arabs,  and  named  Khandak,  foftened  into 
Candia,  which  they  made  the  metropolis. 
The  ifland  flouriilied  under  the  v/iie  govern- 
ment of  the  Venetian  ftate,  till,  in  the  year 
1645,  it  was  invaded  by  the  Turks,  and, 
after  a  brave  defence,  the  town  of  Canea  was 
compelled  to  furrender :  but  the  city  of  Can- 
dia was  not  taken  till  25  years  after.  The 
country  abounds  in  corn  and  fruit-trees:  on 
the  hills  grow  vines,  which  yield  excellent 
wine.  Other  articles  of  commerce  produced 
in  the  ifland  are  wool,  oil,  filk,  honey,  and 
wax.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Greeks; 
the  government  is  entruflied  to  three  pachas, 
with  an  army  of  about  15,000  men.  The 
whole  population  is  elfimated  at  240,000 
fouls.     L'jng.  24.  50,  E.     Lat.  ZS-  '^'^   ^' 

Candia,  a  city  and  feaport,  fituated  on  the 
north  coail  of  the  ifland  of  Candy,  of  which 
it  is  the  capital.  The  town  of  Candia  is 
iituated  in  a  plain  country,  on  the  eaft  (ide 
of  a  large  bay,  having  to  the  well  of  it  a 
broad  chain  of  hills,  which  are  called  Stron- 
gyU,  and  make  a  point  out  into  the  lea, 
named  Capo  Sajfofi.  Thele  mountains,  to- 
gether with  the  ealfern  parts  of  mount  Ida, 
and  the  higher  hills  towards  the  plain,  in 
which  Gortynia  Hands,  make  a  fort  of  iemi- 
circle,  which  opens  to  the  north.  This 
country  confdls  mollly  of  fmall  fruitful  hills, 
which  produce  great  qiLintities  of  excellent 


CAN 

wines,  but  it  is  a  level  country  on  the  bay. 
This  city  rofe  probably  from  the  decline  of 
the  ancient  Gnollus,  and  it  was  by  the  Ara- 
bians called  Ka)idak,  or  Kundak,  a  name 
yet  remaining  in  a  village  near.  From  this 
the  Venetians  tornied  the  v/ord  Candia.  Be- 
fore the  Venetians  fortified  it,  it  was  but  a 
fmall  place.  The  prefent  city,  which  is  of 
a  femicircular  figure,  and  very  ftrongly  for- 
tified, may  be  about  four  miles  in  circumfe- 
rence, though  they  afhrm  that  it  is  twice  as 
much.  The  city  was  taken  by  the  Turks 
in  1669,  afrer  a  flege  and  blockade  of  23 
years  ;  the  Venetians  having  loft  30,000 
men  in  the  fiege,  and  the  Turks  70,000.  In 
the  year  1667,  20,000  Turks  and  3000  Ve- 
netians were  killed;  500  mines  were  blown 
up;  there  were  eighteen  combats  in  the 
under-ground  works  ;  the  befieged  made 
feventeen  fallies,  and  the  city  was  afTaulted 
32  times;  fo  that  it  is  defervedly  reckoned 
oae  of  the  moft  famous  fieges  recorded  in 
hiftory.  There  are  in  Candia  6coo  men, 
belonging  to  the  fix  bodies  of  the  Turkifh 
ibldiery,  but  thofc  include  all  the  Turks  who 
are  fit  to  bear  arms;  for  they  all  belong  to 
fome  military  body.  They  have  about  14 
mofques,  fix  or  feven  of  which  were  churches. 
There  are  fome  families  of  Armenians,  who 
have  a  church ;  the  Greeks  have  two  churches, 
and  the  Jews  a  fynagogue.  The  city  is  well 
built,  though  fome  parts  of  it  near  the  ram- 
parts liewafte;  the  llreets  are  broad  and 
handfome,  and  the  fliops  built  after  the  Ve- 
netian manner.  A  wall  is  Handing  of  the 
ancient  palace  of  the  governors;  and  in  the 
piazza  there  is  a  fine  fountain,  of  the  work 
of  Vencenzo;  the  lower  balin  is  adorned 
with  excellent  bafs  reliefs;  the  upper  baiin 
is  fupported  by  four  lions,  and  had  in  the 
middle  a  fine  flatue  by  the  fame  hand,  which 
the  Turks  deltroyed.  The  entrance  of  the 
port  is  narrow  and  difficult,  Imving  only  nine 
feet  water,  and  there  is  but  fifteen  within, 
but  there  is  a  good  road  v.ithout  the  balin. 
There  are  feveral  fine  arfenals  about  it, which 
are  arched  over,  in  order  to  build  or  lay  up 
Ihips  or  galcotes,  though  many  of  them  have 
been  deltroyed.  The  port  is  made  by  two 
points  of  rocks  that  run  out  into  the  fea  on 
the  eaft,  weft,  and  part  of  the  north  fide,  on 
which  walls  have  been  built;  and  the  port  is 
defended  by  a  ftrong  caftle.  Long.  25.  4. 
E.     Z.//.  35.16.  N. 

Ca/idilugor,  a  town  of  Bengal.  37  miles 
S.  Calcutta. 

Candlak,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  cir- 
car  of  Sehaurunpour.     31  miles  W.  Merat. 

Candlemas  Jjlej,  two  iflands  in  the  South 
Atlantic  Ocean,  difcovered  by  Capt.  Cook 
in  1775.     Long.  zj.  lo.W.  Lat.  ^y. 10.  S. 

Candlemas  Shoals,  {Baxos  de  la  Cands- 
laria,)  a  reef  of  rocks,  with  many  finail 
ifunds,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  diicovered  by 


CAN 


CA'N 


Mendana  in  1567.     Long,  160.  5.  E.    Lat. 

6.  45-  S. 

Candii,  two  fmall  iflands  in  the  Indian 
fea.     Z/CW^.  7.V  35.E.     Z^^if.  5.  30.  S- 

Candy,  fee  Candi,  and  Candia. 

Candy,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles  S. 
Nuldingah. 

C:7W,  a  river  of  Hindooftan,  which  runs 
into  the  Jumnah,  20  miles  SE.  Corah,  in  the 
fubah  of  Oude. 

Canea,  a  fea  port  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Candy,  and  capital  of  the  weftern  province, 
fituated  on  the  north  coaft,  in  a  bay  about 
fifteen  miles  wide,  between  Cape  Maleca 
and  Cape  Spada.  It  has  been  generally 
thought  to  be  built  on  the  fpot  of  the  an- 
cient Cydonia,  though  in  the  opinion  of  Dr. 
Pocock,  the  chief  realbn  is,becaufe  thebiOiop 
of  Canea  is  called  in  Greek  bifliop  of  Cydo- 
nia. About  the  middle  of  the  north  fide  of 
the  town  there  is  an  old  caftle  within  the 
fordfications,  which  is  about  half  a  mile  in 
circumference  ;  this  poffibly  might  be  called 
in  the  Turkifli  a  chan,  or  public  place  for 
flrangers;  and  from  this  the  n^me  of  Canea 
>  might  be  derived.  The  city  is  of  an  oblong 
figure,  about  two  miles  in  compafs,  fortified 
towards  the  land  after  the  niodern  way  by 
the  Veneuans,  with  four  baltions,  and  a  ra- 
velin at  the  north-eaft  corner.  On  the  north 
fide  of  the  town  is  the  port,  well  defended 
by  a  wall,  built  on  the  north  fide  on  the  rocks; 
there  is  a  light-houfe  at  the  end  of  it,  and  a 
caftle  in  the  middle,  which  fervesas  aciftern. 
The  entrance  to  the  harbour  is  narrow,  and 
there  is  a  very  fine  arfenal  for  laying  up 
gallies,  which  was  built  by  the  Venetians.  It 
is  a  neat  town,  the  buildings  being  almoft  all 
Venetian.  Moft  of  the  mofques  are  old 
churches  ;  of  which,  together  vvith  the  cha- 
pels, there  were  25.  All  theTurks  who  are 
inhabitants  of  the  city,  belong  to  one  or 
other  of  the  bodies  of  the  foldiery ;  and  thofe 
fit  to  bear  arms  are  about  3000;  there  are 
about  300  Greek  families  in  the  town,  a  few 
Armenians,  and  about  fifty  families  of  Jews. 
The  confuls-general  both  of  the  Engliili  and 
French  relide  here,  though  the  latter  have  a 
conful  both  at  Candia  and  Retirao,  but  the 
Englilh  have  only  adragoman  at  thofe  places, 
whodocs  the  office  of  a  conful.  The  Engliili 
having  very  little  trade  this  way,  the  conful's 
is  die  only  Engliih  lioufe  on  the  ifland,  but 
the  French  merchants  are  numerous.  The 
chief  trade  confilts  in  fending  oil  of  olives  to 
France,  to  mike  foap,  and  for  working  their 
cloths;  they  export  alfo  a  fmall  quantity  of 
fiik,  wax,  and  lumey,  into  the  Archipelago  ; 
and  wine  to  all  parts  of  the  Levant,  which  is 
very  ftrong  and  clieap.  Canea  was  attacked 
bv  the  Turks  in  the  year  164,^,  in  the  time 
of  peaco,  without  the  icaft  information  ;  yet, 
notwithftanding  the  utmoft  endeavours  of 
the  beliegers,   it  withltood  the  whole  Otto- 


man army  of  60,000  men  for  fifty  days,  and 
then  obtained  honourable  terms,  and  the  gar- 
rifon  marched  out  v/ith  all  the  honours  of  war. 
The  Turks  loft  25,000  men  in  the  time 
of  the  fiege.  60  miles  W.  Candia.  Long. 
23.  56.  E.     Lat.zs-  30.  N. 

Caneda,  a  town  of  New  Mexico.  120 
miles  S.  Santa  Fe. 

Caueficld,  a  tov/n  of  South-Carolina.  6 
miles  NNW.  Queenborough. 

C^w/A?,  a  province  of  the  ifland  of  Ceylon. 
It  contains  mines  of  precious  ftones,  but  the 
principal  riches  aril'e  from  the  quantity  of 
cinnamon  with  which  it  abounds. 

CatielU,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tanaro.     12  miles  SSE.  Afti. 

Canclos,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Tras  os  Monies.  5  miles  NNE. 
Lamego. 

Canelos,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
audience  of  Quito.  50  miles  SSW.  Archir 
dona. 

Cafiem,  or  Kansm,  a  country  of  Africa, 
in  Negroland,  weft  of  Nubia,  about  Long^_ 
22.  E.     Lat.  17,  N. 

Canercotta,  a  town  of  Thibet.  35  miles 
NW.  Sirinagur. 

Canes-y-Canches,  fee  Canas-y-Canches. 

Canct'y  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eaftern  Pyrenees.  5  miles  E. 
Perpignan. 

Canet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Herault.     10  miles  S.  Lodeve. 

Canet,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Ca,talonia,  on 
the  coaft.  27  miles  NE.  Barcelona.  Long., 
2.  'SO.  E.  Lat.  41.  39-  N. 

Canete,  fee  Cagjiete. 

Caneto,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  theMincio,  on  theOglio;  taken  by  the  Im- 
perial troops  in  1701 ;  retaken  by  the  French 
in  1702;  by  the  Imperialifts,  and  again  by 
the  French  in  1705.     20  miles  W.  Mantua. 

Caneva,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Trevifan. 
6  miles*NE.  Ceneda. 

Canevo,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlanuc,  Long.  6.  31.W.  /v^2;.  43.35.  N. 

Canfranc,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon. 
8  miles  N.  Jaca. 

Canga,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  capital  of  a 
marquilate,  in  the  kingdom  of  Congo,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  river  Zaire.  Lat. 
3.25.  S. 

Cangar,  a  town  of  Hmdooftan,  in  the 
circarof  Guntoor.     20  miles  SE.  Guntoor. 

Cangara,  a  tov/n  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Leyta.  Long.  124.  48.  E. 
Lat.  II.  15.  N. 

Cangaree,  a  river  of  America,  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  Saluda  and  the  Tyger, 
about  5  miles  NV/.  Columbia,  in  South- 
Carolina. 

Cangaree  Creek,  a  river  of  South-Carolina, 
which  runs  into  the  Cangaree  river  at  Co- 
lumbia. 


CAN 

-  Cangas  de  Onis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aflu- 
riH.     3a  miles  E.  Oviedo. 

Cangiano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Citra,  the  lee  of  a  biihop.  27  miles  N.  Poli- 
c;iftro.     Long.  15.  21.  E.    Lat.  40.  2S'  '^' 

Catigon,  a  town  of  Aliica,  in  the  province 
ofBatta. 

Cango^lwa,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland 
of  Ximo,  fituated  on  the  moft  fouthcrn  verge 
of  the  ifle;  the  very  iirll  feaport  the  Por- 
tuguefe  landed  at,  and  which  they  afterwards 
chofe  to  make  the  centre  of  their  commerce, 
on  account  of  its  advantageous  iituation,  and 
commodious  harbour.  There  are  indeed  a 
great  number  of  rocks  at  fome  diftance  from 
it,  which  render  the  entrance  into  it  very 
dangerous  ;  and  upon  one  of  them  ftands  a 
llrong  caftle,  built  by  Ongofchio,  the  grand- 
father of  the  Emperor  Gongon  or  Gongin, 
^vith  a  view  of  fecuring  the  city,  which  is 
the  key  of  the  kingdom  and  ot  the  whole 
ifland.  At  the  entrance  of  the  haven  ftands 
a  fquare  lighthoufe,  built  on  a  very  high 
rock,  which  is  ieen  above  twenty  miles  dis- 
tance at  fea  ;  and  at  the  foot  of  the  rock  is 
a  convenient  road  for  (hipping.  The  quay 
is  guarded  by  a  ftone  dyke,  which  runs  quite 
into  the  fea,  and  hath  a  ftone  rampart  breaft 
high,  covered  v/ith  copper.  At  one  end  of 
it  are  built  two  large  wings,  in  each  of  which 
500  men  keep  conftant  watch  night  and  day; 
not  only  to  guard  the  port,  but  to  be  a  kind 
of  check  on  the  kings  of  Ximo,  who  had 
often  revolted  to  avoid  paying  tribute  to  the 
emperor.  The  town  is  watered  by  a  rivei^, 
which  defcends  from  the  adjacent  mountains 
into  a  canal  made  on  purpofe,  in  the  heart 
of  it ;  from  which  it  falls  with  great  rapidity 
into  the  fea.  On  the  fouth  fide  of  the  river 
is  a  ftately  building,  or  cuftom-houfe,  where 
pafTengers  pay  a  fecond  duty,  befides  that 
which  is  paid  at  the  firft  caftle.  Here  are 
other  large  and  fumptuous  magazines,  be- 
longing to  the  emperor,  fome  of  which  are 
proof  againft  fire.  Long.  132. 15.  E.  Lat. 
32.  10.  N. 

Cangpetta,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bar- 
ramaul.     25  miles  SE.  Darempoury. 

CaTigtinzo,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Benguela. 
135  miles  ENE.  Benguela. 

Canhau,  a  river  of  Hindooftan,  which  runs 
into  the  Soane,  5  miles  SW.  Bidzigur. 

Ca?!!,  two  Jir.all  iflands  in  the  IVIediterra- 
nean,  near  the  coaft  of  Tunis,  anciently  called 
Dracontia.  Zo;;^.  10.30.  E.  Lai.  ^I-AS-^- 

Caul,  a  river  of  Sicily,  which  runs  into 
the  fea  on  the  fouth  coalt,  Long.  13.  30.  E. 
J^at.  37.  ^.  N. 

.  Ca}iiaderago,  a  lake  of  Nev/  York.  Long. 
75.  W.     Lat.  42.  43- N.  _   ■ 

Can'iajubaddy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myibre.     7  miles  W.  Seringapatam. 

Canidok,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Adriatic. 
Z-tfzz^.  14.  34.  E.     //«/.  44.  47.N". 


CAN 

Canina,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Albania.     8  miles  N.  Yalona. 

Canina,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Albania.     4  miles  SE.  Valona. 

Canlnana,  a  town  of  Etruria.  8  miles 
NNW.  Piftoia. 

Canine.,  a  town  of  7Vfrica,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Angola,  on  the  Coanza.  Long.  i-j.  %%. 
E.     Lat.  Z.  so.?,. 

Caniouis,  a  town  of  Louifana,  on  the 
Akanfas.    Long.  93.  12.  W.  Lat.  35.  22.  Iv". 

Canijlay, 2i{m^\\  iifliing-town  of  Scotland, 
in  the  countyof  Caithnefs,  and  moft  northern 
part  of  Scotland.     1 1  miles  N.  Wick. 

Canifcha,  a  town  of  Hungary.  It  was 
taken  by  the  Turks  in  the  year  i6co,  who 
held  it  till  the  year  1690,  when  it  was  taken 
by  the  Imperial  troops,  after  a  blockade  of 
two  years,  and  ceded  to  the  Emperor  by  the 
peace  of  Carlowitz.  96  miles  S.  Vienna, 
124  NW.  Peterwaradin.  Long.  16.  49.  E. 
Lat.  46.  30.  N. 

Canifchitza,  a  river  of  Hungary,  which 
runs  into  the  Muhrau,  5  miles  S.  Canifcha. 

Canifola,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cherlb, 
in  the  Adriatic.  22  miles  N.  Cherfo. 

Canifier,  {Great,)  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  bay 
of  Bengal,  near  the  coaft  of  Siam.  Long. 
97.  40.  E.     Zyi7/.  12.  58.  N. 

Canijier,  {Little,)  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  bay 
of  Bengal,  near  the  coaft  of  Siam.  6  miles 
S.  Great  Canifter. 

Canijier,  {Wejl,)  a  ftnall  ifland  in  the  bay 
of  Bengal,  near  the  coaft  of  Siam.  Long. 
97.  16.  E.     Z/^/.  12.  37.  N. 

Canijy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Channel.     4  miles  SW.  St.  Lo. 

Canifzat,  a  town,  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Thcyfl'e.     10  miles  S.  Segedin. 

Cankinelly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore;  taken  by  the  Britifh  under  the  Earl  of 
Cornv/alHs.     45  miles  ENE.  Seringapatam. 

Canna,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Cirra.     10  miles  N.  Trebifaccia. 

Cannae,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Bari,  near  the  fite  of  the  ancient  Canr.a;, 
where  Hannibal  defeated  the  Romans.  The 
traces  of  the  town  of  Cannae  are  very  faint, 
confifting  of  fragments  of  altars,  cornices, 
gates,  walls,  vaults,  and  under-ground  grana- 
ries. It  v/as  deftroyed  the  year  before  the 
battle;  but  being  rebuilt,  became  an  epif- 
copal  fee  in  the  infancy  of  Chriftianity.  It 
was  again  ruined  in  the  6th  century,  but 
feems  to  have  fublifted  in  an  humble  ftate 
many  ages  later;  for  contending  with  Ear- 
letta  for  fome  territory,  which  till  then  h;;d. 
been  enjoyed  in  common,  in  the  year  1284, 
Charles  the  Firft  ifTued  an  edidt  for  dividing 
the  lands,  to  prevent  all  future  litigation. 
The  prol'perity  of  the  towns  along  the  coaft, 
which  increaled  in  wealth  and  population 
by  embarkations  for  the  crufades,  and  by 
traffic,  proved  the  annihilation  of  the  great 


CAN 


CAN 


inland  cities;  andCannje.was  probably  nban- 
doncd  entirely  before  the  end  of  the  13th 
century.  The  field  of  battle  is  marked  out 
topolteritVj  by  the  name  of  Pezzio  di  San- 
gue,  Field  cf  Blood.  The  pcafants  (hew 
funis,  and  heads  of  lances,  turned  up  by  the 
plough.  On  tlic  fiime  plain,  Melo  of  Bari, 
V'bo  revolted  againlt  the  Greek  emperors, 
iifter  defeadng  their  generals  in  feveral  en- 
gagements, was  at  lalt  routed  here  in  the 
year  1019,  by  the  Catapan  Bolanus.  In  the 
>;c.-ir  1201,  the  Archbiiliop  of  Palermo  and 
Ins  rebellious  affociates,  who  had  taken  ad- 
vantage of  the  nonage  of  Frederic  of  Swabia, 
were  cut  to  pieces  at  Canna;  by  Walter  de 
Brienne,  fent  by  the  Pope  to  defend  the 
young  king's  dominions.  It  was  once  a 
bifliopric,  but  is  now  only  a  titular  fee.  5 
miles  NE.  Canofa. 

Cannada  de  la  Cruz,  a  town  of  South- 
America,  in  the  government  of  Baenos 
Ay  res.     60  miles  NW.  Buenos  Ayres. 

Cav.nada  de  Fjcobar,  a  town  of  South- 
America,  in  the  government  of  Buenos 
Ayres.     36  miles  NW.  Buenos  Ayres. 

Caruiadar  de  Maron^  a  town  of  South- 
America,  in  the  governinent  of  Buenos 
Ayres.     15  miles  NW.  Buenos  Ayres. 

Caimaponr,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.     16  miles  N.  Lucknow. 

Cannes,  a  town  ot  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var.     5  miles  SW.  Antibes. 

Ca}:nefe,7i  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
ftf  Cordova.     18  miles  E.  Cordova. 

Cannele,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country 
cf  Seville.     15  miles  S.  OHuna. 

Cannobine,  or  Caaobiiie,  a  village  and 
convent  of  Syria,  bv  the  fide  of  Mount  Li- 
brinos,  the  ufual  refidence  of  the  Maronite 
patriarch.  The  defctnt  to  it  is  very  llecp, 
by  a  narrow  winding  road.  The  convent, 
which  is  about  tiiree  quarters  of  the  way 
down  the  hill,  chiirfly  confifts  of  feveral 
j^rottos,  cut  into  the  rock ;  the  river,  which 
cnipiics  itfelf  at  Tripoli,  runs  in  a  narrow 
vale  below,  it  having  on  both  fides  two  very 
high  ridges  of  mountains,  covered  with 
pines.  '1  liis  fitu  ition  is  the  moll  extra- 
ordinary and  retired  that  can  be  imagined, 
there  being  only  one  way  to  it,  which 
makes  it  a  i'ecuro  retreat;  and  is  probably 
the  reafon  wliy  the  patil.uchs  refide  here. 
The  church  is  a  fine  large  grot,  and  there 
arc  bells  hung  in  a  window  of  it.  Near  the 
convent  is  the  chapel  ot  St.  Marina,  which 
is  a  grotto.  It  is  faid  flie  lived  as  a  monk  at 
■yiipoli,  and  on  the  mountains  in  the  habit 
of  a  man.  Near  this  chapel  there  are  de- 
fcents  into  two  vaults.  In  one  the  patriarchs 
arc  buried,  in  the  other  the  monks. 

Cain:ock,  a  towjftiii)  of  i-lngland,  in  Staf- 
fordlhire,  with  1,359  nihabitants.  6  miles 
;^VV.  Liehlield. 

CuuK'jnhy,    a   tov/nflii]-)   of  Cumb-.iund; 


near  the  fea  coaft.  In  1801,  the  number  of 
inhabitants  was  2,932,  of  whom  jj  7  were 
employed  in  trade  and  manufa(5tures.  7  m. 
N.  Workington. 

Caiio,  a  linall  ifland  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
near  the  coaft  of  Colla  Rica.  Long  84.  42^ 
W.  Lat.  8.  T,^^  N. 
Cane,  lee  GancZy 

Canoa,  (La,)  a  town  of  South-America, 
in  the  audience  of  Quito,  on  the  coaft.  140 
miles  W.  Quito. 

Canoah,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland 
of  Niphon.     160  miles  WSW.  Meaco. 

Canobio,  a  town  ot  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gogna,  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
lake  Maggiora.  17  miles  E.  Domo  d'Ofella. 
37  N.  Novara.  Z,^;/?-. 8. 4 I.E.  Z/*^?/.  46. 3.N. 
Canoe  River,  a  river  of  North-America, 
which  runs  into  the  MiiTifTippi,  Long.  92.  3. 
W.  Lat.  42.55.  N. 

Canoge,  or  Canoiige,  a  circar  in  the  fubah 
of  Oude,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
circar  of  Pattan,  on  the  eaft  by  the  Ganges, 
on  the  ibuth  by  the  circar  of  Etayab,  and 
the  weft  by  the  Dooab,  about  30  miles  long, 
and  25  broad.     Canoge  is  the  capital. 

Canoge,  or  Canougr,  a  town  of  Hindoo- 
ftan, and  capital  of  a  province  in  Oude,  on 
the  Collynuddy,  near  its  union  with  the 
Ganges.  This  place  is  of  great  antiquity, 
and  reputed  to  have  been  the  capital  of  In- 
dia, under  the  father  of  Porus.  In  the  6th 
century  it  is  faid  to  have  had  30,000  fbops 
for  the  fale  of  betel,  and  6000  bands  of 
muficians  and  fingers,  who  were  taxed  to 
government.  It  is  at  prefent  only  of  a 
middle  iize.  100  miles  E.  Agra,  120  W. 
Fyzabad.  Long.  89.  14.  E.  Lai.  27.  4.  N 
Canol,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Vifia- 
•!Our.     30  miles  N.  Sollapour 

Canoloor,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaft-Indian 
fea.     Long.  132.  12.  E.  Lat.  5.  12.  S. 

Canonnicut,  a  fmall  ifland  of  North-Ame- 
rica, in  Narraganfett  bay. 

Canooly,  a  tpwn  of  Hindooftan,  in  Berar. 
66  miles  NNE.  Mahur. 

Canorafay,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Scotland, 
near  the  ealt  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Coll. 

Canos  de  Frocadero:,  a  branch  of  the  Pu- 
erto del  Baylio  Bucaroli,  on  the  coaft  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales's  Archipelago,  extending 
about  12  miles  eaft.  Long,  ot  the  entrance, 
226.  59. _E.  Z^/.  55.  50.  N. 

Ca)ioJa,  a  town  ot  Naples,  in  the  country 
of  Bari,  deftroyed  by  an  earthquake  in  1694. 
It  was  once  epifcop.d,  but  the  lee  has  been 
united  to  the  archbiflioprie  of  Bari.  It  was 
taken  by  the  French  in  the  year  1502.  31 
miles  'U".  Bari.  73.  E.  Benevento.  Long. 
16.  2.  Y..  Lat.  41.  14.  N. 

Cairfa,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment ot  the  Croftola,  where  Pope  Gregory- 
was  entertained  by  the  Eniprels  Matilda, 
when  the  Emptrpi"  iienry  IV.  was  cumpeikd, 


CAN 


CAN 


by  him  to  remain  in  a  penitential  habit  bare- 
foot, and  without  food  for  three  duys,  du- 
ring the  e:;treaiell:  cold,  in  the  court-yard 
of  the  caRle,  and  hardly  with  tears  obtained 
at  that  time  a  reniillion  of  his  penance.  8 
miles  SSW.  Reggio. 

Can^Jjo,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Stura.     15  miles  SVV.  Saluzzo. 

CanovLit  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Albania.     22  miles  S.  Durazzo. 

Canoul,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  and  ca- 
pital of  acircar,  in  the  country  of  Hydrabad. 
95  miles  SSW.  Hydrabad,  124  E.  Biinagur. 
Long.  78.  7.  E.  Lilt.  15.  50.  N. 

Canoiviyf  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Berar. 
20  miles  SSW.  Nagpour. 

Caiwurgtie  {La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lozerc.  The  inhabitants 
of  which  carry  on  coniiderable  trade  in  cattle 
and  woollen  Ituffs.  9  m.  SSW.  Maurejols, 
13  WSW.  Mende. 

Canpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
NNE.  Kii'enhagur. 

Canroody,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  the 
circar  of  Sohagepour.   16  m.  N.  Sohagepour. 

Can/ado,  a  harbour  or  port  on  the  well 
coalt  or  Africa.     45  miles  S.  Cape  Non. 

Canjadogbat  a  town  of  Canada,  at  the 
union  ot  the  Utawas  river  with  the  St. 
Laurence,     ai  miles  W.  Montreal. 

Canfchan,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Beilaiabia,  near  Bender,  where  tlie  Turks 
were  defeated  by  the  Ruffians  in  1789. 

Canrr.atpoury  a  town  of  Bengal.  12  m. 
SSE.  C;Jcutca. 

Caj.Jb,  {Gut  of,)  a  narrow  ftrait  between 
the  iOand  of  Cape  Breton  and  Nova  Scotia. 

Canfo,  an  iiiand,  with  a  feaport  town  of 
the  fame  name,  near  the  north-ealf  coaft  of 
Nova  Scotia.  Long.  60.  45.  W.  Lat.  45. 
32.  N. 

Caiijladt,  a  town  of Wurtemberg,  fituated 
on  the  eaft  bank  of  the  Neckar;  with  a 
fauxbourg  on  the  oppofiie  fide:  near  it  are 
Ibme  medicinal  fprings;  and  in  the  town  is 
a  manufadure  of  printed  linens.  In  the 
year  1796,  this  town  was  taken  by  the 
French,  t.  miles  NE.  Stuttgart.  Lo7ig.  9. 
20  E.  Lat.  48.  50.  N. 

Canjleiii,  a  town  and  citadel  of  Germany, 
in  the  dutchy  of  Weltphalia.  6  miles  SE. 
Stadtburg. 

Canjligaly  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  the  circle 
of  Samland.     2  miles  S£.  Pillau. 

Caiijrcja,  a  river  of  Hindoolfan,  which 
runs  into  the  fea,  40  miles  SSW.  Junagur, 
in  the  country  of  Guzerat. 

Cant  J,  a  diftridt  and  jurifdiftion  of  Peru, 
fituated  50  miles  NE.  IJnia. 

Caiita  Viigj,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon. 

Cantagna,  a  town  of  N.iplcs,  in  Pnnci- 
pato  Citra.     8  miles  E.  Salerno. 

Cantal,  a  large  and  lofty  mountain  of 
France,  993  toifes  high'.r  than  the  level  of 


the  fea;  it  is  always  .covered  with  fnow.  It 
is  (ituated  in  the  centre  of  a  dL-partnient  to 
which  it  gives  name,  which  was  before  the 
revolution  a  part  of  Auvergne.  16  miles 
NE.  Aurillac,  14  WNW.  St.  Fiour.  Long. 
5.  50.  E.  Lat.  45.  4.  N. 

Camalharyy  a  town  of  Bootan.  2S  m, 
NW.  Bcyhar. 

Car.taliipa,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Matengo.  5  miles  S.  Alex- 
andria. 

Cantana,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  dioccfe 
of  Arequipa,  near  the  coaft.  75  miles  W. 
Arequipa.    Long.  16.  25.  S. 

Cafitap,  a  town  of  HindoOflan,  in  the 
circar  of  Sirowy.     18  miles  N.  Jalour. 

Cantar,  {El,)  a  town  on  the  coafl:  of 
Tripoli.  60  miles  ESE.  Cabes.  LoJig.  n. 
20.  £.  Lat.  23-  50-  N. 

Cantara,  a  river  of  Sicily,  which  runs 
into  the  fea,  5  miles  S.  Agofla. 

Cantarilla,  or  Alcantarilla,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  the  province  of  Murcia.  9  miles 
S.  Murcia. 

Cmitaro,  a  town  of  Naples,  inPrincipato 
Citra.     8  miles  NNE.  Policatlro. 

Cantaya,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaflern  In- 
dian Sea,  fituated  in  a  gulf  formed  by  the 
well  point  of  the  ifland  of  Java. 

Cantazaro,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra,  a  I  miles  SW.  Severina,  9  NE. 
Squillace. 

Cantecroh,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  two  Nethes.  5  miles  S£. 
Antwerp. 

Ca?'.tee,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Berar. 
15  miles  N.  Mahur 

Ca?iteleu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Siene.    3  m.  W.  Rouen. 

Canterbury,  a  city  of  England,  and  capital 
of  the  county  of  Kent,  the  fee  of  an  arch- 
billiop,  primate  of  all  England,  fituaied  in 
a  valley,  between  gently  nting  hills,  on  the 
river  Stour;  founded  before  the  Chriffian 
sera.  It  is  a  county  of  itfelf,  and  the  ma- 
giftrates  have  authority  to  determine  all  law- 
fuits  between  the  citizens,  and  to  try  for  ca- 
pital crimes  committed  within  the  city.  The 
magiftracy  confifts  of  a  mayor,  aldermen,  ic- 
corder,^  &c.  It  iirfl  returned  members  tr) 
parliament  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  There 
are  two  markets  weekly,  on  Wediicfday  and 
Saturday.  In  1801,  the  population  was  9,00c, 
and  of  thel'e  1,325  were  employed  in  trade 
and  manufafturcs.  Canterbury  was  formeily 
celebrated  for  its  fiik  manutadurc,  whicii 
has  for  fome  years  been  on  the  decline;  the 
principal  manufaiitares  are  thofe  of  worifed 
and  Canterbury  mudins,  made  of  filk  and 
cotton.  There  were  formerly  fcventccii 
churches  within  the  walls,  and  three  in  tlie 
fuburbs,  fifteen  only  of  v.'iiich  remain.  The 
Jews  have  a  fynjgogue;  Mcthodifts,  Bap- 
tills,  Prefbytcri^.u':,  and  Quiil^ers,  have  each 


CAN 


CAN 


5  phcc  of  public  worfliip.  The  coi;ntry 
uiurid  about  produces  a  great  quantity  of 
hops.  It  is  likewife  celebrated  for  its  brawn, 
l",  the  cathedral  was  once  the  famous  flirine 
»  f  Thomas  a-Bccket,  who  v/as  murdered  at 
the  altar  in  the  year  1 170,  to  which  pilgrims 
t'lom  all  parts  of  the  world  con  tinuaily  flocked, 
j.aving  been  canonized  by  Pope  Alexander, 
two  years  after  his  death,  and  only  put  a 
iu)p  to  by  the  reformation  under  Henry  VIII. 
who  took  to  himfelf  the  riches  of  the  flirine, 
;i!id  ordered  his  name  to  be  erafed  from 
aniong  the  faints.  56  miles  E.  London. 
J.yng.  I.  5.  E.  LaL  51.  17.  N. 

'  Civiterhiiry,  a  town  of  New  Kampfliire. 
9  miles  N.  Concord. 

Cantcrhury,  a  town  of  Conneifticut.  9 
miles  SE.  Wyiidam. 

CiVifh,  or  'Kant,  a  town  of  Silefia,  in  the 
principality  of  Breflau,  on  the  V/iftritz. 
m  1428,  this  town  v/as  much  damaged  by 
the  Huflites,  and  in  15 12,  the  Duke  of 
Munfterburg  was  defeated  near  tlie  town 
by  the  inhabitants  of  Brefiau.  12  miles  SW. 
?5reflau,  18  NE.  Schweidnitz.  Lou;/.  16.47- 
E. /-<;?/'.  50.  58.  N. 

■  Ci77i.'/,atov/n  of  South-America,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Darien.  12  miles  ENE.  St.  Maria 
de  Darien. 

Cant'iauo,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in 
ihc  dutcliy  of  Urbino.  ao  niiles  S.  Urbino. 
•24  NNE.  Perugia.  Long  12.  39.  E.  Lat. 
43.  25.  N. 

Cantick  Head,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-eafl 
t/oiHi  of  Hoy,  one  of  the  Orkneys.  Long. 
■%.  59.  V/.  Lat.  58.  40.  N. 

C<:7/;/i//i7«^7,  atownof  Spain,  in  the  country 

<  f  Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir.  11  miles 
NW.  Carmona,  33  NNE.   Seville. 

Cantnin,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aveiron.  7  miles  E.  Mur  dc 
.  Il:irrcs. 

Canto'tra,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
jT.rtment  of  the  Po.  22  miles  NNW.  Turin. 
Canto?!,  or  ^cang-tckecu,  a  city  and  fea- 
■p';it  of  China,  and  capital  of  the  province  of 
■(.iuang-tong  ;  one  of  the  richeft  of  the  em- 
"re;  by  feme  faid  to  cent:un  two  millions  of 
•j  habitants.  The  immenltquaptityot  money 
v/inch  foreign  vcfTcls  bring  daily  to  this  city, 
t'.:a\vs  hither  a  continual  crowd  of  merchants 
■Jroni  all  the  provinces;  fo  that  one  is  fv.re  of 
'/inding  in  its  warehoufcs  the  rarefl  produc- 
iions  of  the  foil,  and  the  moli  valuable  of  the 
'..■iiincfc  manufadurcs.  This  city  is,  belidcs, 
l;'ui'.tcd  on  -d  beautiful  river,  which  has  a 
Cinuiiunication  by  canals  with  all  the  ncigh- 

<  Oviring  provmces ;  the  entrance  of  it  is  called 
r'jU-vian,  its  banks,  vhc  plains  wliich  it 
\  .ters,  and  even  the  hills  which  hang  over 

,  ;:rc  cultivated,  and  aiTord  the  moil  en- 
I  .:'.nting  profpecl.  The  city  i.:  conipofcd,  as 
r..  •..•'i.-re,  uf  three  dilFcrent  ciues,  feparated 
'  .  iotiy  walls,  bu:  fo  conjohicd,  tihit  the 


fame  gate  ferves  to  go  out  frcm  the  one  and 
enter  the  other.  Thefe  three  cities  united 
almofi:  form  a  regular  fquare ;  the  ftreets  are 
long  and  flraight,  paved  chiefly  with  cut 
flone,  and  ornamented  from  fpace  to  fpace 
with  triumphal  arches ;  fome  of  them  are 
covered  ;  thele  contain  the  richeft  fliops. 
The  houfes  prefent  nothing  remarksble  but 
great  neatnefs;  they  coniifl  only  of  one  ftory, 
and  have  no  windows  to  the  Ibeet.  People 
of  condition  are  carried  here  in  chairs.  The 
flreets  are  continually  crowded,  efpecially 
with  porters,  who  are  all  loaded,  and  have 
for  the  ni.oll  part  their  heads,  legs,  and  feet 
bare.  I'here  is  no  other  convenience  in  this 
city  for  tranfporting  goods  from  one  place  to 
another  but  men's  fltoulders.  An  infinite 
number  of  barks  of  all  (izes,  which  cover 
the  river  night  and  day,  form  a  kind  of  float- 
ing city :  they  all  touch  one  another,  and  are 
ranged  fo  as  to  form  ftreets,  the  people  wha 
inhabit  them  are  innumerable,  and  have  ro 
other  dwelling;  each  bark  lodges  a  family 
and  their  grand-children.  At  break  of  day 
ail  thele  people  depart  to  fifh,  or  cultivate 
thdr  rice.  Captain  King  ellimatcs  the  inha- 
bitants in  the  city  at  150,000,  and  the  num- 
ber of  boats  or  fampanes  inhabited  at  40,000. 
The  military  force  of  the  province  of  Vi'hich 
Canton  is  the  capital,  amounts  to  50,000 
men.  It  is  faid  that  20,000  are  flationed  in 
and  about  the  city.  The  ffreets  are  long, 
and  moll:  of  them  narrow  and  irregular, 
but  well  paved  with  large  ftones;  and  for  the 
mofl  part  kept  excecdmgly  clean.  The 
houfes  are  built  of  brick  one  ftory  high, 
having  generally  two  or  three  courts  back- 
ward, in  which  are  the  warehoufes  fo.r 
merchandize,  and  in  the  houfes  within  the 
city,  the  apartments  for  the  women.  Avery 
few  of  the  meanell  fort  are  built  of  wood. 
The  houfes  belonging  to  the  European  faftors 
are  built  on  an  handfome  quay,  wldi  a  re-? 
gular  fa9ade  oftwoftories  toward  the  river, 
and  dilpofed  within  partly  after  the  Euro- 
pean, and  partly  after  the  Chinefe  manner. 
Adjoining  to  thefe  are  a  number  of  houies 
belonging  to  the  Chinefe,  and  hired  out  to 
the  connnanders  of  fliips,  and  merchants 
who  make  an  occaflonal  flay.  As  no  Euro- 
pean is  allowed  to  bring  his  wife  to  Canton, 
the  Engliili  fupcrcargoes  live  together  at  a 
common  table,  which  is  kept  by  the  com- 
pany, and  have  each  a  fcpnratc  apartment 
coniilting  of  three  or  four  rooms.  The 
time  of  their  refidcnce  f'eldom  exceeds  eight 
months  annually;  and  as  they  are  pretty 
conilantlv  employed  during  that  time  in  the 
lervice  of  the  Company,  they  may  liibmit 
with  the  Ids  regret  to  the  rcftraints  they 
are  kept  under.  They  very  rarely  pay  any 
vilits  within  the  walls  of  Canton,  except 
on  public  occafions.  loao  nnles  S.  Pclun. 
Lo'ig.  130,  35.  E.  Lilt.  22-  10.  N. 


C  A  O 


CAP 


C.TiKtren,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  a  river 
which  runs  into  the  Rhine.  9  m.  NNE.Bale. 

Cantu,  a  town  of  Italy>  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lario.     5  miles  SSE.  Como. 

Cantyre,  fee  Kivtyre.   ■ 

Cx7ivey,  an  ifland  of  England,  in  the 
mouth  of  the  Thames,  near  the  coaft  of 
E{lex,  about  five  miles  long,  and  two  wide. 
Camden  tells  us  that  in  his  time  it  afforded 
palmare  to  near  4,000  fheep,  which  he  had 
feen  milked  to  make  cheefc.  In  1661,  the 
proprietors  entered  into  an  agreement  with  a 
Dutchman  named  Croppcnburgh,  to  defend 
it  with  dik.es,  and  a  third  part  of  the  ifland 
is  now  appropriated  to  the  defence  of  the 
walls.  It  is  ftill  fubjedl  to  inundations,  at 
fome  particular  high  tides.  A  church  or 
chapel  was  built  for  the  ufe  of  the  Dutch 
who  were  employed  on  the  embankment, 
which,  in  the  year  1745,  was  rebuilt.  The 
whole  of  the  land  is  about  3,600  acres.  5 
miles  NW.  from  the  Nore. 

Canuck,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Benares. 
6  miles  W.  Bidzigur. 

Canuta,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  To- 
cantin  river.  70  miles  SvV.  Para.  Lo?:;^. 
50.  46.  W.  Lat.  2.  15.  S. 

Catiy,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftridt,  in  the  department  of  the 
Lower  Seine,  fituated  in  a  country  which 
produces  great  quantides  of  corn  and  flax. 
2  7  miles  NW.  Rouen.  Long.  o.  43.  E.  Lat. 
49.  48.  N. 

Canyketoke,  an  Indian  town  of  Labrador. 
Long.  s^.  T,2,.\\\  Lai.  ^S- AO.'H. 

Cany-Fork,  a  river  of  Tennaflee,  which 
runs  into  the  Cumberland,  Long.%G.6.'W. 
Lat.  36.  9.  N. 

Canze,  a  river  of  Guiana,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Long. si.  (;o.\N.Lat.  6.15.N. 

Canzoval,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Montagna.     8  niiles  W.  Lecco. 

Canztan,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  bay  of 
Honduras,  near  the  coaft  of  Yucatan-  Lo?2g. 
87.  58.  W.  Lat.  21.  3.  N. 

Cao-chan,  a  town  of  Alia,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Corea.     30   miles  ESE.  Hetfin. 

Cao-chan-ll,  a  town  of  Afia,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Corea.     420  miles  E.  Peking. 

Cao-lim,  a  tov/n  of  Afia,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Corea.  6co  miles  ENE.  Peking.  Long. 
129.  27.  E.  Z(7/.  42.  40.  N. 

Cao-lin:,  a  town  of  Chinefe  Tartary.  Long. 
123.  54.  E.  Lat.  42.  N. 

Cao-ming,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  fe- 
cond  rank  in  Yunnan.  Long.  102.  44.  E. 
Lat.  25.  22.  N. 

Cao-tan^,  a  town  of  Ciiina,  of  thefecond 
rank  in  Chan-tong.  200  miles  3.  Peking. 
Lo?ig.  11!;.  54,  E.  Lat.  36.  58.  N. 

Cao-tchin,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Pe-tcliG-li.  15  m.LoE.Tching-ting. 

Cao-y,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third  rank, 
in  the  Pc-tchc-li.     3c  miles  3.  Tchins:. 


Cao-yaviy  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Pe-tche-li.     12  miles  S.  Gan. 

Cao-yang,  &  town  of  Afia,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Corea.     7  miles  NW.  King-kitao- 

Cao-yuen,  a  tov/n  of  Chin;i,  of  third  rank, 
in  Chang-tong.     42  m.  NW.  Tcin-tcheoi-. 

Caoni-Lah)UJs,  Red  Mount,  a  mountain 
of  Egypt,  on  which  there  are  the  remain'j 
ot  an  ancient  temple.     25  miles  N.  Syenc. 

Caorla,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  an  ifland  of 
the  fame  name,  in  the  gulf  of  Venice,  near 
the  coaft  of  Fiiuli,  the  iee  of  a  bilhop,  fuf- 
fragan  ox  Venice.  Long.  12.  56.  E.  Lat. 
45.;,8.  N. 

Cap  Jjland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern- 
Indian  fea.  Long.  105.  48.  E.  Lat.  i^.^i.  .S. 

Capaccio,  a  tov.n  of  Naples,  in  Princi- 
pato  Citra,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  iliffragan  cit" 
Salerno.  20  miles  S£.  Salerno,  30  NW. 
PuHcaftro.  Long.  14.  55.  E  Lat.  40.  27.  N. 

Capacini,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Capi- 
tanata.     4  miles  W.  Viefta. 

Capalanga,  a  town  on  tlie  north  coafl  of 
the  ifland  of  Lucon.  Long.  122.  56.  E* 
Lat.  14.  40.  N. 

Capalita,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Long.  97.  30.  Vv'. 
Lat.  16.  14.  N. 

Capall,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  In- 
dian Sea.     Long.   130.  36.  E.  Lat.  4.  r.  S. 

Capaluan,  one  of  the  iinaller  Philippine 
Iflands.    Long.  121.  48.  E.  Lat.  13.  54.  K. 

Capan,  a  tov/n  of  Pcrlian  Armenia.  50 
miles  E.  Nacllvan. 

Capanahajlla,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  tb.e 
province  of  Chiapa.  70  miles  SE.  Chiapa 
dcs  Efpagnoles. 

Capanarealfe  a  river  of  Mexico,  which 
runs  into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Long.  94.  56. 
W.  Lat.  15.  42.  N. 

Capanejna,  a  river  of  Brazil,  which  runs 
into  the  bay  of  All  Saints. 

Capayan,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  tliQ 
province  ofTucuman.  25m. S.St. Fernando. 

Cap  Breton,  a.  town  of  France,  in  tl) : 
deparcment  of  the  Landes,  near  the  coaft. 
9  miles  N.  Bayonne.  Long.  i.  22.  W.  Lat. 
43-  38.  N. 

Capchac,  or  Kiapzac,  Weftern  Tartary.' 

Capdenac,  fee  Cadenac. 

Cape  Abacou,  a  cape  near  the  weft  end  <•) " 
the  ibuth  coaft  of  Hifpaniola.  Long.  74.  Vv', 
Lat.  18.4.  N, 

Cape  Acquhella,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  o'; 
Naples,  in  the  Adriadc.  I^ong.  14.  28.  E. 
Lat.  42.  25.  N. 

Cape  Addlngton,  a  cape  on  the  v/eft  coa;-: 
of  the  Prince  of  V.fales's  Archipelagic. 
Lovg.  226.  23.  E.  Lat.  s^.  26.  N. 

Cape  Agua,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  03'";: 
of  Murcia.  Long.  i.  2.  Vv'.  Lat.  37.  32.  X- 

CapeAgiuida,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  ;::" 
Eaft  Florida,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico  L:t''f- 
Si.iJ.W.     Z.7.'.  26.  22.  N. 


CAP 


CAP 


Cape  Aguer,  or  Ger,  a  cape  on  the  wefl 
co.ilt  of  Morocco.  Long.  lo.  15.  W.  Lat. 
30.  50.  N. 

Cape  Agiija,  a  double  point  on  the  coaft 
ot  Peni.     Long.  80.  $r,.  W.   Lat.  5.  45.  S. 

Cape  Aguja,  a  cape  on  the  north  coafl  of 
South-America.  Long.  74.  10.  W.  Lat. 
II.  26.N. 

Cape  yJguillas,  fee  Cape  AfigulUas. 

Cape  Ajoi  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaffc 
of  Bifcay.  Lojig.  3.  34.  W.  Lat.  43.  32  N. 

Cape  Alhatcl,  a  cape  on  tJic  coaft  of  Al- 
giers.    30  miles  E.  CapeTcncs. 

Cape  Albiania,  on  the  north -weft  point 
theifle  of  Cyprus.     Lwg.  ^z.  18.  E.  Lat. 

35.  ID.  N. 

Cape  Alexander,  a  cape  on  tlie  weft  coaft 
of  New  Georgia.  Long.  156.  6.  E.  Lat. 
6.45- S. 

Capr  Algar,  a  cape  on  the  north-v/eft 
coaft  of  Majorca.  Long.  2.  18.  E.  Lat. 
39.  40.  N. 

Cape  Alice,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Cala- 
bria, in  the  gulf  of  Tarento.  Long.  17.  32. 
E.  Lat.  39.  2,0.  N. 

Cape  Alofeno,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  iliand  of  Elba.  Long.  \o.  ir^.Y.  Lat. 
■        ,,4^.  47-N. 

Cape  Amanfo,  on  the  fouth-eaft  coaft  of 
the  iliand  of  Corlica,  and  northern  part  of 
the  entrance  into  the  bay  of  Bonifacio. 

Cape  Atnhoife,  or  Ambeezes,  in  the  Atlan- 
•  tic,  on  the  coaft  of  Benin.  Long.  10.  ^o.}L. 
Lat.  4.  15.  N. 

Cape  A?nbra,  or  Anibro,  fee  Cape  Natal. 

Cape  Avioujhe,  a  cape  ot  Algiers.  30  m. 
WSW.  CapcCaxines. 

Cape  Anclola,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Cabrera.  Lo7!g.z.^i.'E.  Lat. 
39.  6.  N. 

Cape  /hicon,  or  Anco,  the  north  point  of 
the  iliand  of  Chiloc,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Long.  80.  W.  /./r/.  42.  S. 

Cape  AndervUle^  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  France.     13  ni.WNW.Cherburg.  Long. 

^  2.W.    Z,i3/.  49.  43.  N. 

Cape  Andrea,  the  eaft  point  of  the  ifland 
of  Cyprus.  i.c>//^'-.  34.  ?5.  E./.^^  35.31.  N. 

Cape  Angel: ,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Natolia.     Long.  27.  E.  Lat.  37.  11.  N. 

Cape  Anguala,  the  wefterly  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Porto  Rico. 

Cape  Anguillas,  a  cape  on  the  foiith  coaft 
of  Africa,  eaft  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
This  is  the  moft  foutherly  point  of  Africa. 
Long.  20.  8.E.     Lai.  34.  ^^.  S. 

Cape  AngiiiUe,  a  cape  of  Newfoundland. 
,         Z,c/'.;if.  ,50.  17.  W.    /,/?/.  47.  54.  N, 

Cape  Angaillones-,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Galicia.  Long.l.  <\z.\\' .  Lat.  j^i. 
-    46.  N. 

Crpc  Anlva,  a  cape  en  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  iliand  of  Sughalicn.  Long.-\i.i,.  %o,  E. 
Lat.  46.  10.  N. 


Cape  Ann,  on  the  weft  coaft  of  New  Bri- 
tain, in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Loiig.  148.  25. 
E.  Lat.  5.  50.  S. 

Cape  Anfi,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  MafTa- 
chufetts.  Lo7ig.  70.  40.  W.  Lat.  42.  35.  N. 

Cape  Ann,  a  town  of  MafTachufetts,  near 
the  cape.     2c  miles  NE.Bofton. 

Cape  Aiitioy  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  the 
Campagna  di  Roma.  Long.  12.  30.  E.  Lat, 
41.  30.  N. 

Cape  Antongil,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Madagafcar.  Long.  55.50.  E.  Lat.  16.  S. 

Cape  yipollonia,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the 
Gold  Coaft.    Lo7ig.  3.  30.W.    Lat.s-  8.  N. 

Cape  Arhre,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Natolia.     Long.  %"]■.  \o.Y..  Z/rf/.  37.  30.  E. 

Cape  Area,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa.    Long.  12.  10.  W.  Lat.  27.  15.  N. 

Cape  Arenas,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Terra  del  Fuego.    Lat.  ^},.  30.  S. 

Cape  de  las  Arenas  G  or  das,  a  cape  on  the 
eaft  coaft  of  Patagonia.    Lat.  38.  S. 

Cape  Argent,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Newfoundland.  Zo;;^.  5^.  15.  W.  Lat. 
50.  N. 

Cape  Agentera,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Sardinia.  Long.  %.  2,6,  "E.  Z/7^.  39.  28.N. 

Cape  Aniii,  or  Capo  dcWArfni,  a  cape  of 
Naples,  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  Calabria. 
Long.  I s.  ST.  E.  //«/.  37.  52.  N. 

Cape  Arrecife,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Africa.     Long.  24.  3.  E.  Lat.  32.  20.  S. 

Cape  Arruba,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Perfia,  in  the  Arabian  fea.  Long.  64.  E, 
Lat.  25.  8.  N. 

Cape  Ajb-oune-7non-karf  a  cape  on  the 
coaft  of  Algiers.  Long.  s.  t-o.E.  Lat.  27. 
XS-  N. 

Cape  Afmara,  the  north-weft  point  of 
Sardinia.     Lo7ig.  8.  16.  E.  Lat.  40.  58.  N. 

Cape  Affah,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Africa, 
in  the  Red  fea.     Lat.  13.6.  N. 

Cape  Ava,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Japan. 
Long.  140.  55.  E.  Lat.  34.  45.  N. 

Cape  Aivay,  the  fouth-eaft  point  of  the 
ifland  ofNiphon.  Long.  140.  40.  E.  Lat. 
25-  10- N. 

Cape  Baba,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
Natolia,  in  the  Blaclc  fea.  Long.  3 1. 5 1.  E. 
Z^/.  41.8.N. 

Cape  Bajfa,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-weft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus.  Long.  32.  i8. 
E.  Z^/.  34.  57.N. 

Cape  Bajador,  the  north-weft  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Lu9on.  Long.  120.  40.  E.  Lat. 
18.  40.  N. 

Cape  Bainetta,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  St.  Domingo,  near  a  village  of  tlie  fame 
name.     Long.  72.  51.  \V.  Lat.  18.  13.  N. 

Cape  Bajoli,  a  cape  on  the  well:  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Minorca.  Long.Z'AA-^'  L-i-^t* 
40.  3.  N.  ,         ^        ..    r 

Cape  Bajo/:a,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Africa.     Long.^,')'  £•  l^<-it.  ij.  15.  S. 


CAP 

Cape  Balaad,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the 
north  coaft  of  Morocco,  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean.    Long.  3.  46.  W.  Lcit.  2S-  32.  N. 

Cape  Ballard,  a  cape  of  Newfoundland. 
Lo?ig.  52.  26.  W.  Lat.  46.  55.  N. 

Cape  Banks,  the  north-eaft  point  of  Bo- 
taov  Bay,  on  the  cafl:  coaft  of  New  HolJand. 

Cape  Barhas,  a  cape  on  the  welt  coaft  of 
Africa.     Long.  16.  40.  W.  Lat.  22.  15.  N. 

Cape  Bard'ijlan,  or  Ras  Bardijlan,  a  cape 
on  the  coaft  of  Perfia,  in  the  Perfian  Gulf. 
Long.  s-i'-iS-^'  LaLz^.N. 

Cape  Barficiir,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
France.  i3  miles  E.  Chcrburg.  Lo7ig.  i. 
17.  'W.  Lat.  49.  40.  N. 

Cape  Barnabas,  fee  Cape  St.  Barnabas. 

Cape  Barreras,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Patagonia.     Lat.  50.  S. 

Cape  Barrington,  the  fouth-eaft  point  of 
Egmont  Ifland.  /.s;;^.  164.  32.E.  Lat. 
10.  rZ.  S. 

Cape  Barr'j,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  the  illand  of  Sumatra.  Long.  103, 
35.  E.  Lat.  o.  6.  N. 

Cape  Bartholo/Jie-M,  the  fouth  point  of 
Staten  Land.  Long.GZ.ii.W.Lat-^^.^?,  S. 

Cape  Baffas,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Africa.     Long.  48.  10.  E.     Lat.  4.  r;^.  N. 

Cape  Baxos,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Long.  7. 
40.  W.  Lat.  5.28.N. 

Cape  Baxos,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the 
coaft  of  Ajan,  called  by  the  ancients  Apo- 
copa,  or  the  fouthern  Horn.  Lojig.  48.  14. 
E.  7.rt/.4.  45.N. 

Cape  Baxas,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Africa.     Long.  23.  o.  E.  Lat.  34.  S. 

Cape  Beachy  Head,  the  northern  point  of 
Penguin  Ifland,  in  the  fouth  Atlantic  Ocean. 
Lat.  50.  56.  S. 

Cape,  ( Bear''s-,)  the  fouthern  point  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  John,  near  Nova  Scotia.  Long. 
62. 40.  W.  Zrt/.  45.  53.  N. 

Cape  Beata,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Hifpaniola.  Lo7ig.']\.i^.'^.  Z^/.  17.52. N. 

Cape  Becur,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Egypt, 
12  miles  NNE.  Alexandria. 

Cape  Bede,  a  lofty  promontory  on  the 
eaft  coaft  of  Cooke's  river,  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  North-America.  12  miles  N.  Cape 
Elizabeth. 

Cape  Bedford,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  La- 
brador, in  Davis's  Straits.  Lofig.  67.50.  W. 
Lat.  67.  N. 

C.ipe  Bedford,  the  north-eaft  extremity 
of  New  Holland.  Zcw^.  214.45.  W.  Lat. 
15.16.S. 

Cupe  Begu,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
of  Catalonia.  Long.  ^.  i.'E.  //«/.  41.  55.  N. 

Cape  Bellones,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Madagafcar.  Long.  50. 20. E.  Lat.  16.  5.  S. 

Cape  Berberiu,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Formentera.  Long.  i.jo.E. 
Lat.  38.  41.  N. 


CAP 

Cape  deBerehs,  a  cspc  on  the  north  coaft 
of  Egypt.  30  milfs  W.  Damictla.  luor.g. 
31.  16,  E.  Lat.  31.  29.  N. 

CapcBermejo,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Majorca.     Long.  3.  25.  E.  Lat.  39.  30.  N. 

Cape  Beroard,  a  cape  on  the  north  coail 
of  Egypt.     Lo72g.  32.  SI-  E.  Lat.zi.  6.  N. 

Cape  Biftana,  fee  Cape  Biijlion. 

Cape  Bianco,  i'ee  Cape  BLinco. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  of  Syria,  on  the 
coaft  of  the  Mediterranean.  Long.  35.  6. 
E.  7.^/.  33.  2.  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  Morea.  Long.  2 1 .  5 6.  E.  Lat.  36.  44. N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  weii  coaft  of 
Natolia.     Long.  26.  i3.  E.  Lat.  38. 14.  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the 
north  coaft  of  Tunis.  Long.  9.  50.  E.  Lat, 
37.  15.  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  conft 
of  the  ifland  of  Sicily.  Long.  13.  10.  L. 
E.  Lat.  :,s.  28.  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  ofCoriica,  a  little  to  the  welt 
of  Cape  Corfo. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Corfu.  Lon-::^.  20.  6.E.  Lat. 
39.  28.  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-wefl 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus.  Long.  32.  15. 
E.  Lat.  35. 12.  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Afturia.  Lo?ig.  6.  54.  W.  Lat.  4% 
25'  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Ivica.  Long.  1.  16.  Y..  Lat. 
39-  I-  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Majorca.  Long.  2.  45.  E. 
Lat.  39.21.  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa,  in  the  Atlantic,  iirft  difcovered  in 
T441,  by  the  Poruigiieie.  Long.  16.  58.  VV. 
Lat.  20.  47.  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa,  in  the  Atlantic^  Long.  9.  2c.  W. 
Lat.  2,2.  10.  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
in  the  Paciiic  Ocean.  Long.ii.t.W.  Lat. 
4.  10.  S. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
North-America.  Long.  i-i/^.W.  Lat.  j^z. 
50.  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  of  Mexico,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Long.  86.  6.  W.  Lat.  9. 
20.  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
South-America.  Long.  67.  16.  W.  Lat. 
10.  38.  N. 

Cape  Blanco,  or  Cape  St.  Jorge,  a  cape 
on  the  eaft  coaft  of  Patagonia.  Long.dZ. 
W.  Lat.  A.-.  S. 

Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Calabria.     Long.  17.  25.  E.  l^at.  38.59. N. 


CAP 

Cape  Bluff,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Labrador.  Long.  55.  3c.  W.  l.at.  53.  N. 

Cape  Boco,  or  Cape  Marfalla,  a  cape  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Sicily,  near  Marfalla. 

Cape  Bogachua,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-weft 
coaft  of  Arabia.  Long.  48.  45.  E.  LaL 
14.  I5-N. 

Cape  Bojador,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa,  in  the  Atlantic.  When  Giliamuz 
the  Portuguefe  doubled  tliis  cape  in  the  year 
1433,  it  was  thought  an  enterprife  of  great 
heroifm.  Long.  14.  20.  W.  Lat.  26.  16.  N. 

Cape  Bolinac,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Lugon.  Long.  120.  5.  E. 
Lat.  16.  27.  N. 

Cape  Bon,  or  RaT  judder,  a  cape  of  Africa, 
on  the  north-eaft  coaft  of  Tunis,  known  to 
ancients  under  the  name  of  Proniotitorhini 
Mercurii.  Long.  11.  20.  E.  Lat.  36.  58.  N. 

Cape  Bonandrea,  the  north  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Scarpanti.     Let.  ■},i.  50.  N. 

Cape  Bonandrla,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the 
coaft  of  Tripoly,  in  the  Mediterranean. 
Long.  23.  14.  E.  Lat.  32.  20.  N. 

Cape  BonaviJIa,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Newfoundland.    Zc;;^,  53.  45.  W.  Lat. 

48.  jo.N. 

Cape  Boncca,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Mex- 
ico, in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  8.  24.  N. 

Cape  Bvfcaivcn,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Egmont  illand.  /.c^wj".  163.  42.  E.  Lat. 
II.  II.  S. 

Cape  Bourhon,  the  fouth-weft  point  of 
Kerguelen's  Land.     Long.  68.  2,S-  ^'  Lat. 

49.  32.  S. 

Cape  Boy,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Sardinia.    iy!j;7g-.  9.  38.E.    Z^ji'.  39.  15.N. 

Cape  Bra/a,  a  -cape  on  the  iithmus  of 
Daiien.     Long.  80. 10.  W.  Lat.  9.  22.  N. 

Cape  Brchnnt,  a  cape  on  the  foutli-v/eft 
coailofthe  ifland  of  Mauritius.  /.;?/. 20.30.  S. 

Cape  Bredat'.ach,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Rum,  one  of  the  W.  illands  of  Scotland. 

Cape  Bree,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Borneo.  Long.  IQ9.  57.  E. 
Lat.  I.  2':.S. 

Cape  Breton,  an  ifland  of  North-America, 
in  the  gulf  of  St.  Laurence,  feparated  from 
Nova-Scotia  by  the  ftrait  of  Fronfac,  about 
3  miles  wide.  This  ifland  is  about  140 
niiles  in  length;  full  of  mountains  and  lakes, 
and  interfered  by  a  great  number  of  creeks 
and  hays.  The  foil  is  fertile,  and  abounds 
in  timber.  In  the  mountains  are  coal-mines ; 
in  t lie \ allies (.'xctllentpafturc, and  the  coaft 
abounds  in  (i!h.  In  the  year  1747  it  was 
taken  fior,)  the  French  by  Admiral  Warren 
and  Colonel  Pcppcrell,  of  Pifcataway  in 
New  England,  and  in  1758  by  Adn\irai 
Bofcawen  and  Colonel  Amhcrft.  Long.  •;g. 
to  61.  2c.  W.     Lat.  45.  34.  to  47.  ^Tn. 

Cape  Brrton,  a  cape  on  the  call  coaft  of 
the  illand  of  the  fime  name.  Long.  59.  40. 
W.  Lat.  45'  55-  N. 


CAP 

Cape  Brett,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  northernmoft  ifland  of  New  Zealand, 
forming  the  north-eaft  point  of  the  bay  of 
iflands.     Long.  185.  24.  W.  Lat.  25- 10.  S. 

Cape  Bridlos,  fee  Cape  de  Berelos. 

Caps  BriJIol,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Sand- 
wich Land.  Long.iG. si.^.  Z^/. 59.2.S. 

Cape  Broyle,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland.  Long.  52.  26.  W.  Lat, 
46.  55-N. 

Caps  Bidler,  apoint  of  land  on  the  eaft 
coaft  of  New-Britain.  Long.  151.  20.  E. 
La'.  5.  S. 

Cape  Buller,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Ter- 
ra-del-Fuego.  Long.  67.  40.  W.  Lat. 
53.58.  S. 

Cape  Buller,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
South-Georgia.  Long.  37.  40.  W.  Lat. 
53.58.  S. 

Cape  Buller,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  New- 
Britain.     Z(j;;^.  121.  23.  E.    Lat.  4.  s6.S.- 

Cape  Btirela,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
north  coaft  of  Galicia.  Long.  7.  a6.  W. 
Lat.  43.  41.  N. 

Cape  Btiron,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Malacca.  Zw?_g-.io3.22.  S.  Lat.  i.iS.'N-. 

Cape  Burulaque,  the  northern  point  of 
Zibu,  or  Sebu,  one  of  the  Philippine  iflands. 
Long.  122.  31.  E.  Lat.  11.  6.  N. 

Cape  Buzzano,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-eaft 
coaft  of  Calabria.  Long.  16.  34.  E.  Lat. 
37-  ^7- N. 

Cape  Bufiion,  or  Rds  el  Heti,  a  cape  in 
the  Perfian  gulf,  on  the  coaft  of  Lariftari* 
Long.  54.  32.  E.  Lat.  26. 2>()'  N. 

Cape  Bujio,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
of  Afturia.  Zc;;o-.  6.  30.  W.  Z^//.  43.  37.  N. 

Cape  Buyten,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Celebes.  Long.  124.  24.  E. 
Laf.  0.15.  N. 

Cape  But  [far  as,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Minorca.  Long.i..  13.  W.  Lat.  39.48.^.^ 

Cape  Buzo,  the  north-weft  extremity  of 
the  ifland  of  Candy,  anciendy  called  PrO' 
mo7ttorluui  Corey r us.  Long.  23.  24.  E. 
Lat.  35.38.  N. 

Cape  Byron,  the  fouth-weft  extremity  of 
New  Ireland.  Z^,*/^.  149.  2.E.  Zi?/.  2.  30.S. 

Cape  Byron,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Nev,'  Holland.  This  cape  may  be  known 
by  a  remarkable  Iharp-peaked  mountain, 
which  lies  inland.  The  land  to  the  nortb 
is  high  and  hilly,  but  low  near  the  flaore :  to 
the  fouthward  of  the  cape  it  is  alfo  low  and 
level.  Long.  153.  30.  E.    Lat.iZ.  37. N. 

Cape  Byron,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft  coafl 
of  Egmont  iilandjOr  New  Guernfey.  Long^ 
164.  49.  E.   Lat.  10.  40.  S. 

Caps  Caanuino,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  North-America,  in  the  Duke  of  Clarence's 
ftrait.     Long.  %t%.  17.  E.  Lat.  $^.  29.  N. 

Cape  Cabron,  the  north-eaft  point  of  the 
Ifland  of  Samana,  in  the  Weft-Indies.  Long. 
70.  W.  Lat.  19.  30.  N. 


CAP 


CAP 


Ciipe  Catw'a,  a  cape  of  the  iHand  of  Sar- 
dinia, on  the  weft  ccaft.  i8  miles  W.  Algeri. 
Lo7'.g.  8.  19.  E.  Lat.  40.  34.  N. 

Cape  CagUa,  or  Cape  Matapan,  tlie 
fouth-weft  point  of  the  Morea.  Long.  22. 
30.  E.  Lat.  36.  34.  N. 

Cape  Calhache,  a  cape  on  the  v/ell  coaft 
of  Porto  Rico.  Lo7ig.  6S.  6.  W.  Lat. 
18.  28.  N. 

Cape  Ca!vi:z,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  (;;  Nu- 
bia, in  the  Red  fea.  Long.  37.  E.  Lat. 
21.  22.  N. 

Cape  Calhat,  fee  Cape  Kalhat. 

Cape  Calibong,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Java.  Long.  no.  45.  E. 
Lat.  6.  18.  S. 

Cape  Calv:,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  ifland  ofCorllca;  confifting  of  a  high 
barren  mountain. 

Cape  Cambodia,  the  for.Lh  extremity  of 
Cambodia,  in  the  gulfof  Sian:.  Long.  ic6. 
o-  1:'.  Lat.  10.  o.  N. 

.  Cape  Ca?naron,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Honduras.  Long.^4. S4'W.  Lat.is.so.N. 

Cape  Cai/ipbel,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
New  Zealand.  Long.  183.  45.  W.  Lat. 
41.  44- S-^ 

Cape  Canan,  fee  Cape  MefuraJa. 

Cape  Cu'uly,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  ifland  cf  Celebes.  Long.  121.  23.  E. 
Lat.  I.  12.N. 

Cape  Canet,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
of  Valencia.  Long.o.  16. W.  Lat,  39. 38.N. 

Cape  Cantin,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Morocco.   Long.  ().  4z.\Y.  /.<?/. 3 2.  30.  N. 

Cape  Cajiourga^  a  cape  on  tfie  weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus.  Lo7ig.  34.  36.  E. 
Lat.  34.  50.  N. 

Cape  Capricorn,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  New  Holland.  Long.  208.  58.  W. 
Lat.  23.  24.  S. 

Cape  Carava,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Sicily.  Long.  14.  59.  E. 
Lat.  38.  15.  N. 

Cape  Carawang,  a  cape  on  the  north 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Java.  Long.  107.  10. 
E.     Lat.s.45-S. 

Cape  Caravellc,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  Martinico.  Long.  60.  56.  W. 
LaL  14.  55.  N. 

Cape  Carbon,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Al- 
giers.    Long. s.E.  Lat.  T,y.N. 

Cape  Carbonaro,  a  cape  on  the  foutli  coaft 
)f  Sardinia.  Z.(j;/^if.  9.  49.  E.  Zi?/.  39.  22.N. 

Cape  Carcorella,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
3arca.     Lo?ig.  18.  25.  E.    Lat.  31.  15.  N. 

Cape  Caroiuze,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
f  Hifpaniola.  Long.  70.  sZ'  W.  Lat. 
9.59.  N. 

Cape  Carthage,  a  cape  on  th:  eaft  coaft 
f  Tunis.  Long.  10.  14.  E.  Lat.  ^6.  52.  N. 

Cape  Carvaeiro,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
if  Portugal.    Long.  13.  W.  Lat.  39.  22.  N. 

Cape  Carvolero,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 

of  Portugal.     Long,  8-  26.  W-    Lai.  2,7.  N. 

Vol.  I.  G  g 


Cape  Cafcaes,  a  cape  of  Portugal,  a  miles 
SW.  Cafcaes.  Long.  9.  25.  W.  Lat. 
38.  43.  N. 

CapeCatalugna,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft: 
of  Majorca.  Long.T,.i2,.'E.  Lat.  :^^.  55.  N. 

Cape  Catherine,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa,  in  the  Atlantic.     Lat.  2.  S. 

Cape  Catoche,  a  cape,  on  the  NE.  coaft  of 
Yucatan.     Long.Z-jAj.     /-<:?/.  21.  14.  N, 

Cape  Cavalier,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-eaft 
coaft  ot  Afiatic  Turkey.  80  miles  W.  Alex- 
andretta. 

Cape  Cavallo,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Sardinia.     Lo7ig.  9.  5c.  E.  Lat.  41.  N. 

Cape  Cavalaria,  a  cape  on  the  north 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Minorca.  Long.  4.4. 
E.     Lat.  4c.  J-.  N, 

Cape  Caiifedo,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Hifpaniola.    5  miles  SE.  St.  Domingo. 

Cape  Caution,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
North-America.     Lat.  51.  12.  N. 

Cape  Ca\'ines,  or  Ras-acjn-natter,  a  cape 
which  forms  the  weft  point  of  the  bay  of 
Algkis.     Long.  3.  20.  E.     Lat.  36.  50.  N. 

Cape  Cervera,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Catalonia.  Long.  3.  3.  E.  Lat. 
4Z-  26.  N. 

Cape  Cervera,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Valencia.  Long.  o.  46.  W.  Lat. 
37.  .^8.  N. 

Cape  Chacon,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Prince  of  Wales's  Archipelago.  Long. 
22.  16.  E.     Z^/.  54.  43.  N. 

Cape  Chaillons,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  Lake  Superior  in  Upper  Canada. 
Long.  85.  5.  W.     Lat.  47.  45.  N. 

Cape  Chanceley,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Arabia.     Long.  56.  E.  Lat.  18.  N. 

Cape  Charles,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Labrador.  Long,  s  5. 20.W.  Lat.  52.  25.  N. 

Cape  Charles,  a  cape  of  Virginia,  at  the 
eaft  lidc  of  the  mouth  of  the  Chefapcak. 
Long,  -js-  58-  W.     Lat.  37.  12.  N. 

Cape  Charles  IJland,  an  ifland  on  the 
fouth-eail  coaft  of  Labrador,  near  Cape 
Charles.     Zo;/jj-.  55.  20.  W.  Lat. 52.  22.  N. 

Cape  Charly/te,  a  cape  at  the  fouth  ex- 
tremity of  the  ifland  of  New  Georgia.  I^ong. 
36.  II.  Vi''.     Lat.  44,  32.  S. 

Cape  Chat,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  river  St.  Laurence.  Long.  66.  W. 
Lat.  49.  10.  N. 

Cape  Chatham,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-wcft 
coaft  of  New  Holland.  Long.  116.  35.  E. 
Lat.  2S-Z-  S. 

Cape  Chakhcrnari,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus.  Long*  34.  4-;.  £. 
Lat.  T,s-  .'?6.  N, 

Cape  ChcJc,  or  Cape  Citti,  a  cape  on 
the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus 
near  which  there  are  fev.eral  villages.  Lom^. 
33.58.  E.     /.«/.  34.  53.  N. 

Cape  Chelidoni,  a  cape  on  the  fonthern 
coaft  of  Nutolia.  L'ing.  30.  14.  E.  Lat. 
36.  15.N. 


CAP 


CAP 


Cape  Chidley,  a  cape  on   the  north  coaft 

ot  Labrador,    't  the  entrance   of  Hudlbn's 

•Stra'ts.     Long.  70.  25.  W.  Lat.  6c.  li.  N. 

Ccpr'  Chignetio,  or  Chigniton,  a  cape  in 

.  the  Bavof  Fundy,  between  New  Brunfwick 

an  J  Nova  Scotia. 

Cape  Choiwuiy,  a  cape   on   the  coaft  of 

Ccchin-China,   at  the   mouth  of  the  riA^cr 

Chouma.    Long.  107.  57. E.  Lat.  16. 12. N. 

Cape  Churchill,  a  caps  in  Hudfon's  Bay. 

Long.  93.  c.  W.     Lat.  58.  54.  N. 

Cape  Clear,  a  cape  at  the  fouthern  extre- 
mity of  the  ifland  of  Clare,  near  the  louth 
coaft  of  Ireland.  Long.  9.  24.  "\V.  Lat. 
5  J.  19,  N. 

Cape  Cle-aveland,  a  cape  on  the  E.  coaft  of 

New  Holland.  Long.  147. 15.  E.  Lat.  19.  S. 

Cape  Coadera,  a  cape  of  Soiith-Amei  ica, 

on  the  coaft  of  Caracca.     Long.  66.  20.  W. 

Lat.  10.  50.  N. 

Cap!  Coajl-Caftle,  or  Cape  Corfo,  a  cape 
.  and  faftory  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold  Coaft. 
This  cape  is  formed  by  an  angular  point, 
wafhed  by  the  fea.  Here  the  Portuguefe 
fettled  in  16 10,  and  built  the  citadel,  from 
which  they  were  a  few  years  after  diflcdged 
by  the  Dutch,  who  added  conliderably  to 
its  ftrength.  In  1661,  it  was  dernolifned  by 
the  Englifli  under  Admiral  Holmes,  and  by 
the  treaty  of  Breda  it  was  confirn"!ed  to  the 
Englifti.  The  walls  are  high  and  thick,  ef- 
pecialiy  on  the  land'  fide;  built  partly  of 
llone,  and  partly  of  brick.  The  fort  has  four 
baftions,  and  ten  pieces  of  cannon.  The  fol- 
diers  are  lodged  in  the  beft  barracks  on  the 
coaft,  and  receive  their  pay  in  gold  duft. 
There  are  convenient  apartments  for  Have?, 
forges  for  fmiths,-  lioufes  and  ihops  for  car- 
penters and  other  trades.  There  are  apart- 
ments for  tlie  governor,  and  a  I'oom  i:fed  for 
a  chapel.  Lo?ig.  2.  20.  W.  Lat.  5.18.  N. 
Cape  Cocox,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coafl  of 
•  Madagafcar.  Z-5«^.  56.E.  Lat.  14.20. S. 
Cape  Cod,  a  cape  of  North-America,  on 
the  north  fide  of  Bofton  Bay.  This  cape  is 
the  point  of  a  flrip  of  kind  which  extends 
130  miles  in  length,  the  foil  in  general  bar- 
ren. It  was  difcovered,  and  fo  named,  by 
Bartholomew  Gofnold,  in  1602.  Long.  70. 
30.  W.     Lat.  42.  4.  N. 

Cape  Codolan,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coalf  of 
the  ifland  of  Formentera.  Long.  i.  30.  E. 
Lat.  38.4I-N. 

Cape  Cold,  a  cape  at  the  north  end  of 
Charles  Ifland,  on  the  coaft  of  Eaft  Grcen- 
knd.     Long.  10. 5-;. L.    /.i?/.  79.  6.  N. 

Cape  Colneft,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  New  Caledonia;  fo  called  from  Mr. 
Colnctt,  midfliipman  under  Capt.  Cook, 
■w,ho  difcovered  it  in  1774.  Long.  164.  56. 
li.    Lat.  30.  3c.  S. 

Cape  Colnett,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  New 
Albion,  in  the  N'Mth  Pacific  Ocean,  ^fo 
ciiiled  from  Capt.  Colnett,  of  the  Britilh 


navy,)  forming  a  bay  on  each  fide.  The 
ciifis  compofing  it  a)e  about  the  middle,  be- 
tween tlie  iurnmit  and  the  water  ilde,  divided  ■ 
hrrizontahy  nearly  into  two  equal  parts, 
and  formed  of  difterent  materials ;  the  lower 
part  feemed  to  coniift  of  fand  or  clay,  of  a 
very  fmooth  furface,  and  hght  colour;  the 
upper  p;'-t  was  evidently  of  a  rocky  iub- 
f'ance,  with  a  very  uneven  furface,  and  of  a 
dark  colour;  this  feemed  to  be  again  divided 
into  narrow  columns,  by  vert;c;il  ftrata. 
Thefe  apparent  divifiQuS,  a^  well  horizon- 
tally as  vertically}  exiff  ed  v/ith  great  unifor- 
mity all  round  the  promontory.  Long.  244. 
E.     £^/.  3C.58.  N. 

Cape  Coloni,  a  cape  en  tiie  weft  coaft  of 
Afiatic  Turkey,  nordiward  of  the  gulf  of 
Smyrna.     ZrO^p".  26.  36.E.  Z.^/.  39.  24.N. 

Cape  Colonna,  or  Cape  Delle  Colonna,  a 
cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  Calabria.  Loi'.g. 
17.  29.  E.     Lat.  39.  6.  N. 

Cape  Colonnl,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  the 
Morea.     Long.  24.  2.  E.     Lat.   37.  36.  N. 

Cape  Colonni,  the  fouth  point  of  the  iHand 
of  Sam.os.  Long.  26.  48.  E.  Lat.  37.  41.  N. 

Cape  ColvHle,  'a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Nev.'-Zealand ;  the  north-eaff  point  of  en- 
trance into  the  river  Thame?,  fo  called  by 
Capt.  Cook,  in  rcfpe<5t  to  Lord  Colville. 
Long.  194.  27.  W.    Lat.  36.  26.  N. 

Cape  Comfort,  a  cape  in  Hudfon's  Bay. 
Long.  82.  30.  W.     Lat.  64.  ss-  ^■- 

Cape  Comin,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Sardinia.  Long.  10.  i.  E.  Lat. 
40.  38.  N.      . 

Cape  Comorln,  the  fouthern  point  of 
Ilindooftan,  in  Travanccre  countrv.  Lon's. 
77.  32.  E.    Lat.  8.  N. 

Cape  Condecedo,z  cape  on  the  norih-wefl 
coaft  of  Yucatan.  Z?/;^.  90.  50.  W.  Lat. 
2 1 .  2 1 .  N. 

Cape  Conivay,  a  cape  on  the  north-wefi 
coaft  of  Nev>' Holland."  Long.  211.  28.  W. 
Lat.  20.  36.  S. 

Cape  Coquihacoa,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
TerraFirma.  Z?;/^'-. 71.4.W.  /.<7f.  11.55. N.^ 

Cape  Coraco,  a  cai')c  on  the  eaff  coafl  of 
the  ifland  of  P.Ietelin,  in  the  Archipelago. 
Long.  26.  20.  E.    Lat.  39.  24.  N. 

Cape  Cornntehiti,  a  cape  on  the  north 
coafl  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus,  vulgarly  called 
Cromnion.    Long.  ■},2,.  5.  E.   Lai.  35.  33.  N. 

Cape  Cor?iivall,  a  cape  at  tf.e  extremity 
of  England,  on  the  weft  coail  of  Cornwall. 
Long.  5.  i\^.  W.  Lat.  50.  10.  N. 

Cape  Corn^xall,  the  Ibuth-weft  point  of 
land  on  the  north-weft  lide  of  the  pailage  of 
Endeavour  Straits,  in  New  Holland.  Long. 
141.  E.    Z^/,  10.  43.  S. 

Cape  Corn'-Kvall,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-weft 
fide  of  an  ifland  near  the  north  coafl  of  New- 
Holland.     Long.  219.  W.  Lat.  10.  43.  S. 

Cape  Corcn,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coafl  of 
the  Morc:i.  J.o/ig.  n.  53.  E.  Lat.  36.  /ji.N. 


CAP 

Cape  Coronation,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
New  Caledonia.  Long.  167.  8.  E.  Lat. 
22.5-  S. 

Cape  Corrientes,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Peru.     Lo7ig.  78.  6.  W.  Lat.  4-  Jo.  N. 

Cape  Corrientes,  a  cape  on  theeaft  coaft 
of  Africa.    Long.  2,1'  3.  E.  Lat.  23.  48.  S. 

Cape  Corrienteiy  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  Long.  84.  30.  W. 
Z.?/.  ar.  38.N. 

Cape  Corrientes,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Mexico,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Long.  105. 
20.  W.  Lat.  20.  22.  N. 

Cape  Corrxihedo,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft ofGaHcia.  Long.c).<,.'SK . Lat.a,%.'i,^.'H. 

Cape  Cors,  or  Cor/o,{et  CapeCoaJi-CaJile. 

Cape  Corfo,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
Corlica,  Long.().  35.  E.  /y;?/.  42.59.  N. 

Cape  Coj-fo,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Bratil. 
Long.  $j.  36.  W.  Lat.  4.  ^o.  S. 

Cape  Corvceira,  a  cape  on  the  weftern 
coaftof  Africa.  Long. jj.W.  Lat. 21. ^clSS. 

Cape  Corzo,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
America,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  oppolite  the 
northern  extremity  of  the  ifland  of  Madre 
de  Dios.     Lat.  so.  10.  S. 

Cape  Couili,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Natolia.     Long.  29.  7.  E.  Lat.  36.  15.  N. 

Cape  Courco,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Natolia,  at  the  north  of  the  entrance  into 
the  gulf  of  Scala  Nova.  Long.  26.  23'  E. 
Lat.  38.  II.  N. 

Cape  Coufar  Keller,  a  cape  on  the  coaft 
of  Africa,  in  the  Red  fea.     Lat.  14.  34.  N. 

Cape  Cox,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
North-America,  fo  called  by  Capt.  Dixon. 
Long.  128.  52.  W.  Lat.  51.  30.  N. 

Cape  Creus,  or  Cruz,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on 
the  coaft  of  Catalonia.  Long.  3.  8.  E.  Lat. 
42.  19.  N. 

Cape  Crillcn.  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Saghalien.  Long.  142.  54.  E. 
Lat.  45-57'  N. 

Cape  Crio,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Natolia.     Long.  27.  8.E.  Lat.  36.  40.  N. 

Cape  Crio,  a  cape  of  the  ifland  of  Candia. 
7  miles  SW.  Canea.  Long.  23.  2a.  E.  Lat. 
35'  16.  N.^ 

Cape  Crifnez,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
France,  between  Boulogne  and  Calais.  Long. 
I.  35.  E.     Lat.  50. 50.  N. 

Cape  Croix,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa.     Long.  9.  s^.  W.  Lat.  30.  38.  N. 

Cape  Crofs,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Eaft-Florida^  Long.  84.  50.  W.  Lat. 
46.  27.  N. 

Cape  Crofs,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-eaft  coaft 
of  Lake  Superior.  Long.  84.50.  W.  Lat. 
46.  25.  N. 

Cape  Crofs,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
King  George  the  Third's  Archipelago,  in 
the  North  Pacific  Ocean.     Long.  223.  44. 
E.     Lat.  57.  s6.1i<^. 
Cape  Cruz,  fee  Cape  Creus. 

G  ga 


CAP 

Capf  Cruz,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Cuba.  Lsj.g.  78.  28.  W.  Lat.  19.  54.  N. 

Cape  Culebras,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifthmus  of  Darien.  Long.  78. 52.  W. 
Lat.  9,  36.  N. 

Cape  Cidera,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
of  Valencia.  Lotig.o.xZ.W.  Lat.ic).  8.N. 

Cape  Cumberland,  a  cape  on  the  ifland  of 
Efpirito  Santo,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides,  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean  Long.  166.  47. 
E.  Lat.  14.  39.  S. 

Cape  Ciimberland,  a  cape  on  Kerguelen's 
Land.  5  miles  fouth-eaft  half  fouth  from 
Chriftmas  harbour. 

Cape  Curiat,  fee  Kuriat. 

Cape  Dame  Marie,  fee  Donna  Maria. 

Cape  Dainela,  fee  Cape  Skillo. 

Cape  Danger,  or  Point  Daiiger,  a  cape 
on  the  eaft  coaft  of  New  Holland.     Long. 

153.  30.  E.     Z^/.28.  8.  S. 

Cape  Darby,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
North-America.  Lo7ig.  163.  W.  Lat. 
64.  21.  N. 

CapeDartuch,^  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Minorca.  Lo'ng.  3.  45.  E.  Lat.  39.  56.  N. 

Cape  Data,   a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Borneo.     Long.  110.  21.  E 
Lat.  3.  N. 

Cape  Dauphin,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Kerguelen's  Land.  Lo7ig.  69.  10.  E. 
Lat.  49.  28.  S. 

Cape  Deccptio7i,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  New  Georgia,  or  Land  of  Arfacides. 
Lo)2g.  157.  3.E.    Lat.  8.33.  S. 

Cape  Decifion,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  an  ifland  near  the  weft  coaft  of  North- 
America.  This  name  was  given  by  Capt. 
Vancouver,  after  having  examined  the  coaft 
thus  far,  from  a  convidion  of  the  falflioods 
related  of  the  difcoveries  afcribed  to  De 
Fuca  and  others.  Lo7ig.  aa6.  8.  E.  Lat 
56.  3.  N. 

Cape  Delgado,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Africa,  in  the  Indian  fea.  Zo«^.4o.  E.  Lat. 
10.5.  S. 

Caps  Delgado,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Africa  in  the  Indian  fea.  Long.  50.  15.  E. 
Lat.  9.  45.  N, 

Cape  Deliverance,  on  the  coaft  of  New 
Guinea,  in  the  Eaft-Indian  Ocean.     Lo7ig. 

154.  40.E.     Z/^/.  II.  45.  S. 

Cape  Delonga7io,  fee  Cape  Erigano. 

CapeDelle,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Algiers. 
Lo77g.  4.  13.  E.  Lat.  37. 15.  N. 

Cape  Deid'igh,  a  cape  on  th^  weft  coaft 
of  North-America,  forming  the  extremity 
of  a  peninfula  in  Norton  Sound,  difcovered 
by  Captam  Cook  in  the  year  1778.  On  the 
1 2th  of  September  he  went  aihore  on  the 
peninfula,  and  found  the  country  where 
there  was  no  wood,  covered  with  heath  and 
other  plants,  fome  of  which  produced  ber- 
ries in  abundance.  AIL  the  berries  were 
ripe,  and  hardly  a  fingle  plant  was  in  flower. 


CAP 

The  berries  to  be  got  here  were  wild  currant- 
berries,  hurtle-berries,  partridge-berries,  and 
heath-berries.  In  fevcral  fpots  there  was 
good  grals ;  and  hardly  a  fpot  on  which 
fome  vegetable  was  not  growing.  The  low 
land  which  connefts  this  peninfula  with  the 
continent,  is  full  of  creeks,  and  abounds  with 
ponds  of  water.  Thee  were  a  great  many 
geefe  and  buftards,  but  very  fliy.  They 
iTiet  with  fome  fnipes ;  and  on  the  high 
ground  were  partridges  of  two  forts.  Where 
there  was  any  v/ood,  mnfquitoes  were  in 
plenty.  Some  of  the  officers  met  with  a 
few  of  the  natives,  of  both  fexes,  who  treated 
them  with  civility.  It  appeared  to  Captain 
Cook,  that  this  peninfula  muft  have  been 
an  ifland  in  former  times,  for  there  were 
marks  of  the  fea  having  flov/ed  over  the 
'  ifthmus;  and  now  it  appears  to  be  kept  out 
by  a  bank  offand,  ftones,  and  wood,  thrown 
up  by  the  waves.  By  this  bank  it  was  evi- 
dent that  the  land  was  here  encroaching 
upon  the  fea,  and  it  was  eafy  to  trace  its 
gradual  formation.  Long.  198.  30. E.  Lat. 
65.  23.  N. 

Cnpe  Denfekovt,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Borneo.  Long. iij.  24. E.  Lat.  o.i^.'N. 

Cape  Dernet  a  cape  of  Afica,   on  the 
coaft  of  Barca.     Long.  aa.  6.  E.    Lat.  3a. 
.  Si-  N. 

Cape  Derradiera,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Africa.  Long.  27.  50.  E.  Lat.  30.  10.  S. 

Cape  Drfeadat  or  Deftrey  a  cape  on  the 
fouth-weft  coaft  of  Patagonia,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  Straits  of  Magellan  from  the 
Soutli  Paciiic  Ocean.  Long.  74.  40.  W. 
Lat.  5a.  52.  S. 

Capi'  Dcfolation,\hc  fouth  point  of  Green- 
land, near  Davis's  Straits.  />w/^'-.  47.  W. 
Lat.  61.  45.  N. 

Cape  Dc-folation,zc7LpQ  of  South-America, 
on  the  fouth-weft  coaft  of  Terra  del  Fuego. 
Long.  72.  12.  W.  Lat.  54- 55-  S. 

Cape  DianF,7id,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Sumatra.  Long.  97. 
40.  E.  Lat.  4.  45.  N. 

Cape  Dig/>y>  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Kerguelcn's  Land.  Long.  70.  34.  E.  Lat. 
49-  23- S. 

Cape  Diggs,  a  cape  in  the  channel  from 
Hudfon's  Straits  to  Hudfon's  Bay.  Long. 
79.  W.  /w?^62.  4-.5.N. 

Cape  Diggs,  or  Cape  Dudley,  a  cape  in 
BaOm'sBay.  Long.^c).  7.W.  Lat.  76.4-8.  N. 

Cape  Dinas,  a  cape  of  North-Wales, 
being  the  SW.  point  of  the  ifland  of  Ho- 
f^'head.     /.-j;;^.  4.  50.W.     Z,^/.  53.  22,N. 

Cape  Dij'appolntnient,  a  cape  on  the  fouth 
coaft  of  the  iiland  of  Georgia.  Lo7!g.':^(). 
15.  \V.  /.<?/.  54.  58.  N. 

Cape  l)ifappoint7nent,  a  cape  on  the  weft 
■coafi:  of  North-America,  and  north  entrance 
into  Columbia  river.  Z/c;/^- 236.6.  E.  Lat. 
46.  19.  N. 


CAP 

Cupe  Difcordy  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Greenland.  Z5«^.44.  30.W.  Lat. do-^cl^. 

Cape  Dobhsy  a  cape  in  Hudfon's  Bay,  at 
the  fouth  fide  of  the  entrance  of  Wager's  ri- 
ver.    Long.  86.  30.  W.  Lat.  65.  N. 

Cape  Dolphin,  the  eaft  point  of  the  north 
entrance  into  Falkland's  Sound. 

Cape  Dcnihay  a  cape  on  the  fouth  cnnft 
of  PerGa,  in  the  Perfian  gulf.  18  miles 
WNW.  Bender  Rigk. 

Cape  Donna  Ida-ria,  or  Cape  Dame 
Marjy  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of  Hifpa- 
niola.     Long.-^a,   17.  W.  Lat  18.40.  N. 

Cape  Dorfu!,  fee  Cape  Orfid. 

Cape  Doroy  fee  Cape  del  Oro. 

Cape  Dove,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Nova 
Scotia.     Long.  64.  W.  Lat.  44.  20.  N. 

Cape  Douglasy  a  cape  on  the  weft  point 
of  the  entrance  into  Cook's  Inlet,  on  the 
weft  coaft  of  North-America,  fo  called  by 
Capt.Cook.  jL(5//^.  152.  39.  W.  Lat.  s'^' 
52.  N. 

Cape  Drepani,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Greece.  Long.  24.  2.  E.  Lat.  39.  56.  N. 

Cape Dro7nedary,  a  cape  on  the  E.  coaft  of 
New  Holland.  Zw/^.  210.  W.  Lat.  36. 50.  S. 

Cape  Dudley,  fee  Cape  Diggs. 

Cape  Dyers,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
North-America.  Long.  66.  10  W.  Lat. 
65.  20. N. 

Cape  Dyvy,  a  cape  of  Algiers.  Long.  i. 
17.E.  Lat.  36.  21.  N. 

Cape,  Eajl,  the  eafternmoft  point  of  the 
continent  of  Alia,  and  the  dominions  of 
Ruifia,  called  Tchukotfl<.oi  by  the  Ruffians* 
Long.  169.  32.  W.  Lat.  37.  42.  S. 

Cape  Eajl,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
NewZeal:md.  Long.i-j^.'E.  Z/^/.  37.42. S. 

Caps  Eajl,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Madagafcar.     Long.  51.  E.  Lat.  15.  8.  S. 

Cape  Edgecuvih,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  North-America.  Zcvj.  135.53.W.  Lat, 
5  7- 3.  N. 

Cape  Edivard,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  King  George  III.'s  Archipelago.  Long, 
224- E.     Lat.s7.j9''^- 

CapeEg/nont,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Now  Zealand.  Long.  174.  45.  E.  Lat.  2,9. 
16.  N. 

CapeEUzaheth,  a  cape  of  North-America, 
on  the  coaft  of  Main.  Long.  70.  10.  W. 
Lat.  43.  22.  N. 

Cape  Elizabeth,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  North-America ;  the  eaft  point  of  land 
.at  the  entrance  of  Cook's  inlet.  The  coaft 
is  compofed  of  high  land,  before  which  lie 
three  fmall  iflands  and  fome  rocks :  tire 
cape  is  itfclf  the  largcft  and  the  moft  wef- 
tern  of  thefe  iflands,  which  appeared  to  af- 
ford a  navigable  channel  between  them  and 
the  main  land,  nearly  in  an  eaft  and  weft 
direiftion  ;  though  between  the  cape  and 
the  middle  iiland  ibme  low  lurking  rocks 
were  dilccracd,  whuch  had  the  appearance 


CAP 

of  being  connefled  with  a  clufter  of  rocl<s 
above  the  furface  of  the  fea,  lying  from  the 
cape  S.50.  E.  at  the  dillance  of  three  or  four 
miles.  To  the  fouth-weft  of  the  middle 
ifland  isanothercluifer  of  rocks,  both  above 
and  beneath  the  furface  of  the  water.  LoTig. 
208.  54-  !■••  Lat.  59.8.  N. 

Cape  Enga\o,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 

Hifpaniola."  Long.fii.sz.'W .  L  it.  18.27.N. 

Cape  Engano,  or  IgamiOy  a  cape  on  the 

north  coaft  of  the  iiland  of  Lugon.     Long. 

122.  20.  E.  Lat.  18.45.  N. 

Cape  Engano  IjIanJ,  a  final!  ifland  in  the 
North  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Lu^on.  Long.  122.  ij.  E. 
I^it.  18.  46.  N. 

Cape  Englijh,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Newfoundland.  ivC//^.  53.  29.  VV.  Lat. 
46.  49-  N. 

Cape  Enrage,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Martinico,  in  the  Weft-Indies. 

Cape  Erqni,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  North  Coaft. 
Long.  2.  37.  W.  Lat.  48.  2S-  N. 
Cape  Efpartel,  fee  Cape  Spartel. 
Cape  Efpichelt  a  cape  on  the  wefl  coaft 
of  Portugal.  Long.  9.  14.  W.  Lat.  38. 
a3.^N. 

Cape  Efpintu  Santo,  a  cape  on  the  north 
extremity  ofSamar  ifland.  Off  this  cape 
Commodore  Anfon  took  the  Spanifh  galleon. 
Long.  125.  2,5-  E.  Lat.  12.  40.  N. 

Cape  Efquimaux,  a  cape  in  Hudfon's  Bay. 
Long.  94.  50.  W.  Lat.  61.  12.  N. 

Cape  Ejlardi,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
of  Catalonia.  Long.  3.  i.  E.  Lat.  43.  4.  N. 
Cape  EJlieras,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa.     Lat.  o.  50.  N. 

Cape  Evenaar,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Celebes.  Lotig.  124.  5.  E. 
Lat.  o.  12.  N. 

Cape  Enfpe,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coafl  of 
Africa.     Lat.  15.  5.  S. 

Cape  Faflie,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Borneo.  Long.  109.  30.  E. 
Lat.  o.  37.S. 

Cape  Fairiveather,  a  cape  on  the  eaft 
coaft  of  Patagonia.  Long.  68. 25.  W.  Lat. 
51.34.  S. 

Cape  Fairaveather,  a  cape  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  North-America.  Long.  138.  W. 
Lat.  58.40.  N. 

Cape  Falcon,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Al- 
giers. This  point  is  by  the  natives  called 
Ras-'^l-Harflifi,  i.  e.  the  Rugged  Headland. 
Long.  o.  24. E.  Lat.  36.  o.  N. 

Cape  Falcon,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  oflvi^a.  Long.  i.ao.  E.  Lat. 
38.  5 O.N. 

Cape  Falcon,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 

Sardinia.     Long.  8.  13.  E.     Lat.  40.  45.  N. 

Cape  Falfe,    or  Falfo,  the  eaft  point  of 

Falfe  Bay,  eaft  of  tlie  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

Long.  18.  44-  E.  Lat.  34.  16.  S. 


CAP 

Cape  Falfe,  or  Falfe  Point,  a  cape  on  the 
eaft  coaft  of  Hindooftan,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Mahanada,  Long.  86. 48.  E.  Lat. 
20.  20.  N. 

Cape  Falfe,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Hifpaniola,  a  little  weft  of  Cape  Beata. 

Cape  Falfe,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Yuca- 
tan, in  the  bay  of  Honduras.  Long.  87.  45. 
W.  Lat.  20.  52.  N. 

Cape  Fanfjanv,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  North-America,  and  north  fide  of  Fre- 
derick's Sound.  Long.  226.  44.  E.  Lat. 
57  ii-N. 

Cape  Farenvell,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-weft 
coaft  of  Eaft-Greenland.  Long.  42.  45.  W. 
Lat.  59.  38.  N. 

Cape  Farenvell,  a  cape  on  the  north-v/eft 
coaft  of  Tavai  Poenammoo,  the  foutherri 
ifland  of  New  Zealand,  Long.  186.  W. 
Lat.  40.  33.  S. 

Cape  Farina,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  Tunis.     Long.  10.  30.  E.  Lat.  37.42.N. 

Cape  FarriLch,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coafl  of 
Majorca.     Long.  3.  18.  E.    Lai.  39.  47.  N. 

Cape  Fartac,  or  Cape  Fartafh,  a  cape 
on  the  fouth  coaft  of  Arabia.  Long.  51.4. 
E.  Lat.i^.  30.  N. 

Cape  Fear,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  North- 
Carolina.  Z-^^;^.  78.  ii.W.  /,«/.  33.50.  N. 

Cape  Fear  Ri'jer,  a  river  formed  by  the 
union  of  two  ftreams  which  unite  near  Wil- 
mington in  North-Carolina,  and  run  into 
the  fea  at  Cape  Fear. 

Cape  Fegalle,  or  Fegalo,  a  Cape  on  the 
coaft  of  Algiers;  called  by  the  Moors,  Ras 
Azintoure.  Long.  0.54.  E.  Lat.  35.40.  N. 

Cape  Felix,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Sumatra.     Long.  g6.E.  //«/.  4.N. 

Cape  Fella,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Calabria.     Long.  16.  2.  E.  Lat.  39.  38.  N. 

Cape  Fclo,  the  fouth-weft  point  of  Sicily. 
Long.  II.  27.  E.  Lat.  27-  4(>'  N. 

Cape  Ferolle,  or  Point  Ferolle,  a  cape  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Newfoundland,  north  of 
St.  John's  Bay.  Long.  74.  52.  W.  Lat. 
51.2.  N. 

Cape  Ferrato,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Sardinia.  Long.  9.  34.  E.  Lat.  39.  31.  N. 

Cape  Ferratt,  or  Cape  Mefajj',  a  cape  on 
the  coaft  of  Algiers.     Lat.  36.  9.  N. 

Capo  Ferre,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-eaft 
coaft  of  Martinico.  Long.  60.  40.  W.  Lat. 
14.  30.  N. 

Cape  Ferrol,  a  cape  on  the  north-weft 
coaft  of  Newfoundland.  Long.  5-].  n.  W. 
/,«/.  51.4.  N. 

Cape  Feu,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  Ma- 
jorca.    Z(/7/^.  3.  28.  E.  Z/i?/.  39.  44.  N. 

Cape  Figalo,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Epire, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Arta.  Long. 
20.  32.E.  Lat.  39.  20.  N. 

Cape  Figueri,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Sardinia.     Long.  9.  46.  E.  Lat.  41.  8.  N. 

Cape  Finijlcrrc,  a  cape  on  the  nonh-weil 


CAP 


CAP 


coafl:  of  Spain. 

53.  N, 


Long.().  18.  W.    Lat.  4Z. 


and  warehoufes ;  and  it  contained  tv/o  mag- 
nificent fquares,   ornamented  each  with   a 
Cape  Fiijo,  a  cape  on  the  coail  of  Genoa,    public  fountain.    The  chief  public  buildings 
Long.  8.  6.  E.  Lat.  44.  19.  N.  are  the  church,   the  Jefuits'  college,  (con- 

Cape  Ftfiraon,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  verted  after  the  revolution  into  a  government 
of  Portugal.  Long.  9.  17.  W.  Lat.  39.  houfe,  and  place  of  meeting  for  the  colonial 
20.  N,  and  provincial  aflerablies,)  a  fupeib  barrack 

Cape  Five  Fingers,  a  cape  on  the  foutli-    for  troops,   an  arfenal,   a  prifcn,  a  theatre, 
v/eft  coaft  of  New  Zealand.  Lat.  45.47.S.    and  two  hofpitals.    The  number  office  in-r 
Cape  Flattery,  a  cape  on  tlie  weft  coaft    habitants  of  all  colours  was   eftimated  at 
KTorth-America.    Long.  124.  30.  W.    Lat.    eight  thoufand,  including  foidiers  and  ma- 
48.  24.  N.  riners.     The  domeftick  llaves  were  faid  to 

Cape  Flattery,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft  be  about  twelve  thoulimd.  The  (ituation  of 
coaft  of  New-Holland.  Long.  145.  17.  E.  the  tou'n,  however,  is  not  to  be  commended. 
Lat.  14.  56.  S.  It  was  built  at  the  foot  of  a  very  high  moun- 

Cape  Fleurieu,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  tain,  called  Le  Haiit  du  Cap,  which  abounds 
of  North-America,  fo  called  by  Peroufe.  with  fprings  of  excellent  water,  and  fur- 
This  is  fuppofed  to  be  the  fame  as  that  nu'hes  a  great  fupply  of  garden  vegetables ; 
which  Captain  Dixon  called  Cape  Cox.  but  it  ferves  as  a  Icreen  from  the  land  wind, 
Z^w/^.  128.  55.  W.  Z^?/.  ji.  45.  N.  and  reverberates  the  rays  of  the  fun.    The 

Cape  Florida,  the  moft  eafterly  point  of    town  arofe  to  opulence  chiefly  from  the  com- 
'  Eaft-Florida.    Long.  80.  37.  W.    Lat.  25.    modioufnefs  of  its  harbour,  and  the  extreme 
44.  N.  fertility  of  the  plain  adjoining  it  to  the  eaft; 

.  Cape  Foggy,  a  cape  on  an  ifland  near  the  a  diftri(;l  about  fifty  miles  in  length,  and 
fouth  coaft  of  Alaflika,  in  the  North  Pacific,  twelve  in  breadth,  appropriated  folely  to  the 
Long.  202.  46.  E.  Lat.  56.  31.  N.  cultivation  offugar,  the  plantations  of  which 

Cape  Fans,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  are  divided  from  each  other  only  by  hedges 
Minorca.  Lo7ig.  j^.  lo. '£..  Zi^/.  39.  40.  N  of  citrons  and  limes,  and  yielding  greater 
Cape  For77ientor,  the  north-eaft  point  of  returns  than  perhaps  any  other  fpot  of  the 
Majorca.  Z.(5«/r.  3.  13.  E.  Lat.  T)().  si-^-  feme  extent  in  the  habitable  globe.  Cape 
Cape  Fonnoja,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Francois  was  burnt  by  the  people  of  colour 
Guinea,  fo  called  from  its  beautiful  appear-  and  negroes  in  1793,  and  has  fuftered  much 
ance.  It  is  low,  flat,  and  woody.  Long,  lince.  It  was  founded  in  the  year  1670,  and 
4.  52.  E.  Lat.  5.  45.  N.  from  its  (ituation  in  a  fertile  foil,   well  wa- 

Cape  Forffiofa,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  tered  by  rivers,  it  foon  became  a  fiourifliing 
Malacca.     30  miles  SE.  Malacca.  town.     The  barbour  is  good,  and  capable  of 

Cape_  Foukveather,  a  cape   on  the  weft    containing  veflels  of  the   largeft  iize,  and 


coaft  of  North-America 
Lat-AA-  42.  N 

Cape  Foidivind,  a  cape  on 
weft  coaft  of  Tavai  Pocnammoo. 
51.  W.   Lat.  41.  55- S 


Long.  124.  7.  W.    only  open  to  the  north,  from  whence  it  cai^ 
receive  no  injury.    Long.  72.  16.  W.  Lat, 
the   north-    19,  46.  N. 

Long.1%';.        Cape  Frangois,  (Old,)  a  tov/n  and  cap§ 
on  the  north  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Hifpanioia. 


Cape  Fox,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of   Long.  70.  44.  W.    Laf.  19.40.  N 


North-America,  fo  called  by  Captain  Van- 
couver in  honour  of  the  Right  Hon,  C.  J. 
Fox.     Long.  229.  22.  E.   Lat.  54.  45.  N. 

Cape  Fox,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
Anticofti  ifland.  Long.  62.  10.  W.  Lat. 
42.29.N. 

Cape  Faux,  a  cape  on  the  north-vv^eft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Hifpanioia.  Long. 
74.  14.  W.  Lat.  19.  46.  N. 

Cape  Francefe,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Sardinia.  Long.^.  ^Z.Y..  Lat.  j,().i,'j.l:l. 

Cape  Frangois,  the  nortliernmoft  point 
of  Kerguelcn's  Land.  Long.  69.  5.  E. 
Lat.  48  40.  S. 

Cape  Frangois,  or  Le  Cap,  a  town  on  the 
north  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Hilpaniola,  con- 
taining about  8000  inhabitants.  The  town, 
1  which  in  time  of  war  is  the  feat  of  govern- 
ment, confiftod  of  between  800  and  900 
houles  of  ftunc  and  brick,  many  of  them 
handlome  and  comn)odious,  befides  fliops 


Caps  Frcdxrick  Henry,  the  north  point  of 
Adventure  Bay,  in  New  Holland.  Long. 
147.  37.  E.  Lat.  42.  42.  S. 

Cape  Frccls,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland.  Long.  53.  10.  W.  Lat. 
49.  35.  N.  ^ 

Cape  Frchd,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  01 
France,  12  miles  W.  St.  Malo.  Long.  2. 13, 
W.     Z^//.  48.  38.  N. 

Cape  Fr:r:,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Martinico. 

Cape  del  Frefca,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaf^ 
of  Sardinia.  Lo7ig.  8.  aS.E.  Zrt/*.  39.  45.  N. 

Cape  Frio,  a  cape  on  the  coail:  of  Brafil, 
Long.j^i.  43.  W.  Lat.  22.  54.  S. 

Cape  Fronfac,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Cape  Breton.  Long.  61. 10. 
W.  Lat.^^i.  37.  N. 

Cape  Froivard,  a  cape  on  the  north  ccaft 
of  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  Xtv/^.  71.  j^. 
W.     Lat.SA'Z'^' 


CAP 

Caps  Fryy  a  cape  in  Hudfon's  Bay.  Lon^. 

38.  W.    Laf.  64.  N. 

Cape  Fnllerton,  a  cape  in  Hudfon's  Bay. 
Long.  88.  20.  W.     LaL  64.  10.  N. 

Capd  FuDios.,  a  c.ipe  on  the  coaft  of 
Africa,  in  the  Indian  fea.  Lo7tg,  29.  17.  E. 
Lat.  27.  .^o.  N. 

Cape  GalafigHera,  a  cape  on  the  fouth 
coaft  of  Majorca.     Long.  z.  27.  E.     Lat. 

39.  36.  N, 

CapeGakra,  a  cape  on  tlie  coaft  of  South 
America,  in  the  Spanifli  Main.  Long.  75. 
20.  \V.     Lat.  II.  N. 

Cape  Galcra,  the  eaft  ]:)oint  of  the  ifland  of 
Trinidad.  Long.  60.  30.  V/.  Z/t?/.  lo.  4.5.  N. 

Cape  Galijlvio,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 

of  Spain.  Long.  30.  4c.  W.  Lat.  43.  28.  N. 

i-         Caps  Gal!a?:t,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Pa- 

I  ^  tagonia,  in  the  Straits  of  M;igel!an.     Long. 

73.  29.  W.     Z^;.  53.40.  S. 

Cape  Gallo,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
Sicily.     Long.  13.  2.  E.     Lat.^Z.  17.  N. 

Cape  Gallo,  a  cape  on  tlie  fouth  coaft  of 
the  Morea.  Long.  21.  53. E.  Lat.  36.  48.  N. 

Cape  Garajoa,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa.     Lat.  2.  40.  N. 

Ci?/)^  Garapo,  a  cape  of  France,  in  the 
Mediterranean,  about  fix  miles  S.  Antibes. 
Long.  7.  4.  E.     Lat.  43.  31.  N. 

Ci7j>(?  Gafpe,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Ca- 
nada, in  the  galf  of  St.  Laurence.  Long. 
64.  10.  W.     Lat.  48.  35.  N. 

Cape  Gata,  or  C.7/)£'  u'.'  Gat,  a  promontory 
of  Spain,  on  the  coaft  cf  Grenada,  confiiling 
of  an  cnornious  rock  of  a  lingular  nature 
and  appearance,  24  miles  in  circuit,  and 
13  broad.  The  firft  objedt  that  ftrik.es  th? 
(pye  is  a  rock  200  feet  high,  about  fifty  paces 
from  the  fea,  all  cryftaliized  in  large  ftones 
of  tlie  lize  of  a  man's  leg,  with  four  or  five 
plates  chaft'd  one  within  another,  of  a  cine- 
reous colour,  from  8  to  14  inches  long,  with 
■  a  large  grain  that  will  take  a  good  polifli. 
In  the  centre  of  this  promontory  there  are 
four  hills  near  to  each  other,  called  the  Sa- 
criftan,  the  Two  Friars,  the  Captain,  and  the 
White  Mountain  ;  but  nothing  remarkable  is 
to  be  obfervcd  from  their  outward  appear- 
ance. The  other  fide  of  the  promontory  be- 
yond thefe  four  hills  is  called  El  Puerto  de 
la  Plata,  whevQ  the  Moorifh  corfairs  lie  lurk- 
ing for  Spanifh  veffels.  Long.  2.  22.  W. 
Lat^.  36.  43-  N. 

Cape  Gafto,  or  Cape  Gaefa,  a  cape  on 
the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus,  pro- 
bably the  Proniontoriiun  Phruriuni  of  the 
ancients.  It  is  low  land,  the  north  ;!nd  weft 
part  of  it  is  a  morals,  and  there  is  a  large  fait 
lake  on  the  call  fide,  which  is  filled  by  the 
winter  rains,  and  is  almoft  dry  in  flimmer. 
The  fouth  part  cf  this  promontory  is  a 
barren  rocky  foil,  and  there  is  a  ruinous  un- 
inhabited convent  on  it,  called  St.  Nicholas. 
They  have  a  ridiculous  ft::y,  that  the  monks 


CAP 

of  this  convent  kcnt  cats,  in  order  to  hunt 
and  kill  the  ferpents,  of  which  there  are  great 
numbers  here;  tlii  .  they  fay,  gave  rife  to 
the  name  of  the  cape  j  and  they  add  withal, 
that  on  ringing  a  bell,  the  lats  uf>d  to  leave 
off  their  diveriion,  and  return  home.  Long. 
2,1.  8.  E.     Lat.  34.  3--  N. 

Cape  Gavareea,  a  cap^e  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Kannchatka.  Z^/7^'-.i58.3i.E.  Lat.sz.^.'i^. 

Cape  George,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
ofKerguelen'sLand.  Lo/^^.  70.  13.  E.  Lat. 
49.  54.  S. 

Ca;^e  George,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland.  Long.  59.  17.  W.  Lat. 
48.  28.  N. 

Cape  George,  a  c^pe  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  uf  Soutii  Georgia.  Lojig.  36. 
32.  W.     Lat.  5^.  17.  S. 

Cape  George,  a  ca]>e  on  the  coaft  of  Pera. 
Lat.  22,.' so.  S. 

Caps  Ger,  ice  Cape  Agner. 

Cape  Giaraf,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Tri, 
poll.     Long.w.Y..     Lat.  2,4. N. 

Cape  Girdo,  fee  Cape  Crio. 

Cape  Gloucejlcr,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Cape  Gloucejler,  a  high  promontory  on 
the  eaft  coaft  of  New-Holland.  I^ong.  148. 
II.  E.     Lat.  19  59.  S. 

Cape  Gloiicejter,  on  the  coaft  of  Nev/- 
Britain.     Long.  148.  15.  E.  Lat.  5.  54.  S. 

Cape  Gondeivar,  a  cape  on  ihe  coaft  of 
Hiudoolfan,  in  the  bay  of  Bengal.  Long. 
82.  55.  E.     Lat.  16.  S5'  N. 

Cape  Gonjlilvo,  lee  Cape  Lopez  Gonfalvo. 

Cape  Gonzah,  the  fouth-caft  point  of 
Terra  del  Fuego.     Lat.  ss.  5.  S. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope, .  a  cape  and  fettlement 
in  the  fouthen^  extremity  of  Africa,  in  the 
country  of  the  Hottentots,  firil  difcovercdia 
the  year  1487,  by  Bartholomew  Diaz,  who 
made  fome  nautical  rbfervations,  bi^  did 
not  land.  He  gave  it  the  name  of  Capo  dos 
totos  Toi-meiitos,  or  Torjueniofo,  on  account 
of  the  ftorms  his  vefTjl  met  with  near  the 
coaft;  butEmanuel  king  of  Portugal  changed 
it  to  its  prefent  name  on  the  return  of  Diaz. 
The  Dutch,  in  their  voyages  to  the  Indies, 
ufed  to  land  hereto  take  in  water  and  provi- 
fions:  the  fhips  going  out  depcfited  their  let- 
ters in  a  cafe  of  iron  or  lead  under  a  ftone 
appointed  for  tiie  purpofe,  which  thof:  who 
returned  exchanged  for othcrs,and  conveyed 
the  intelligence  and  circumftances  of  their 
voyage  to  the  different  ports.  John  Van 
Riebek,  a  fargeon,  and  a  man  of  abilities,  firft: 
conceived  the  defign  of  forming  a  fixed  efta- 
bliflimen;,  which  muft  be  of  great  mi'ty  to 
his  country  at  a  place  about  an  equal  diftance 
between  their  fettlcments  in  I.idia  and  Eu- 
rope, to  aflbrd  ihips  ref'rsfliments,  ftores, 
&c.  His  plan  was  adopted  by  the  ijutch 
Eaft-India  company.  Four  fhips  were  ac- 
cordingly fcnt  out  under  the  command  oi 


CAP 


CAP 


Riebeck,  who  acquired  the  friendfliip  of  the  Cape  Gregory  by  Capt.  Cook, 
natives,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  the  town  couver  places  it  Long.  235.  50 
row  called  Cape  Toivn.  Every  thing  fuc- 
ceeded  to  his  wifli,  and  the  colony  increafed 
and  profpered ;  a  bounty  of  fixty  acres  of 
land  was  granted  to  every  man  who  fettled 
there,  fo  that  the  whole  is  now  of  confider- 
able  extent,  and  forms  fix  different   efl:a- 


Capt.  Van- 
E.  Lat.  43. 
N.      Capt.  Cook,  Z(j//^.  124.  W.    Lat. 
43.30.N. 

Cape  Grenville,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaffc 
coaft  of  New-Holland.  Long.  217.  38.  W. 
Lat.  II.  58.  S. 

Cape  Gre-jille,  a  cape  on  the  eafl  co-a^z  of 


blifliments.     Some  difputes,  however,  in  the    the  illand  of  Kodiac,   in  the  North  Pacific 
year  1659,  produced  a  war  between  the  na-    Ocean,  near  the  wefl  coaft  of  North-Arr.e- 
tives  and  the  Dutch,   concerning  the  boun-    lica.     Zo;?^.  208.  25.  E.     Z^/.57.33.N. 
daries  of  the  latter.     After  the  lofs  of  many        Cape  Grhn'mgton^  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coafl 

Long.  61.  45.  W.     Lat.  58. 


the  no; 


lives,  all  animofities  were  aniicablv  conclu-  of  Labrador 

ded  in  about  ten  years,  and  they  have  lived  i^.  N 

in  peace  and  quiet  till  the  prcfcnttime.    The         Cape  GroneJJe,  or  Groz  Nez, 

climate  is  fivourable ;  the  fpring  commences  wefl:  point  of  the  ifland  of  Jerfey 

in  Odober,  the  fumnier  in  January,  the  au-  18.  W.  Lat.  a.  %%.  N. 

tumn  in  April,  and  the  winter  in  July.    The         Cape  Gros,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  c>. 

foil  is  good,  ar.d  produces  abundance  of  corn  of  Catalonia.  Z,i!/7^.  i.  a3.E.  Lat./^i.u 

beyond  the  mountains.    The  country  farther         Cape  Gro.',  a  cape  on  chenorth  coall 

inland  is  much  infefted  with  beafts  of  prey. 


:h- 


fuch  as  lions,  tigers,  leopards,  wolves,  &c. 
Game  is  plentiful,  and  the.  number  of  ante- 
lopes and  deer  prodigious.  Among  otlier 
fpecies  of  animals  are  the  elephant,  elk,  rhi- 
noceros, girafta,  &c.  A  great  number  of 
beautiful  and  rare  birds  have  been  found,  as 
well  as  curious  plants,  by  naturalifts,  who 
have  made  it  their  bufinefs  to  vifit  the  coun- 
try for  that  purpofe.  In  September  1795, 
the  cape  and  town  furrendered  to  an  Englifli 
fleet,  uhdcr  the  command  of  Admiral  Sir  G. 


Minorca.     l,ojig.  3.  51.  E.  Lat.  40.  5.  N. 

Cape  Grojbi  a  cape  on  tnc  eafl  coaft  of 
Minorca.     Long.  4.  16.  E.  Lat.  39.  54.  N. 

Cape  Grofo,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Majorca.     Long.  5.  42.  E.   Lat.  39.  22.  N. 

Cape  Guadel,  or  Goadel,  of  Pevija,  in  the 
Arabian  fea.     Long.tz.'E.  Z.i'.-'.r'.j.  12.N. 

Cape  Guangivt,  a  cape  on  t'ic  weft  coaft 
of  Porto  Rico.  Long.  67.45.  V. .  Lat.  18. 
II. N. 

Cape  Guardafut-,  or  Gardcfi:/:,  or  Gar- 
defiii,  a  cape  at  the  north-eaft  extremity  of 


Elphinftone,  feconded  by  land  forces  under    Africa,  in  the  Indian  fea,  at  the  entrance  into 

the  command  cf  Major-Generals  Clarke  and    the  Arabian  gulf,  and  Straits  of  Babel-Mar 

Craig,   on  terms  of  capitulation,  by  one  of    deb.     Ii  is  reprefented  asahigh,  bluff,  per 


■which  private  property  was  to  remain  un- 
touched. The  lofs  fi;ftained  on  the  fide  of 
the  Englifli  being  only  four  men  killed,  an<:l 
a  few  officers  and  men  wounded.  At  the 
peace  of  Amiens  in  1802,  the  Cape  was  given 
up  to  the  Batavian  republic  in  fovereignty; 
but  {o  far  declaied  a  free  port,  that  Great- 
Britain  and  France  were  to  pay  no  more  du- 
ties than  the  Batavian  republic.  In  1806,  it 
was  taken  by  the  Britifli.  Long.  18.  30.  E. 
Lat.  34.  24.  S. 

Cape  of  Gcod  Hr.pe,  a  cape  on  the  north 
coaft  of  New  Guinea.  Lo:ig.  132.  50.  E. 
Lat.  o.  17.  S. 


pendicular  point.  The  current  fometimes 
comes  round  it  out  of  the  gulf  with  fuch 
violence  that  it  is  not  to  be  Ifem.mcd  with- 
out a  briilf  wind  :  and  during  the  fouth- 
weft  monfoon,  the  nioment  you  ate  paft  the 
cape  to  the  north  there  is  a  perfect  calm, 
with  infuiferable  heat.  But  this  current  does 
not  appear  to  be  conftant,  and  probably  de- 
pends on  the  dire(5tionof  the  winds.  Long. 
51.15.E.  Z«.  11.40.  N. 

Cape  Giiigan,  the  fbuthern  point  of  Samar, 
one  of  the  Philippines.  Long.  125.  3.  E. 
Lat.  II.  10.  N. 

CapeGuilou,  or  Aguilon,  a  cape  in  the  At- 


Cape  Go^iver,   a  cape  on  the  eaft  conft  of    lantic,  on  the  weft  coaft  of  Morocco.  Loiig. 


China.     Long.  122.  19.  E.  Lat.  36.  57.  N, 
Cape  Grac'tas  a  Dios,  a  cape  on  the  nortli 

coaft  of  Honduras.    Lo7ig.  82.  48.  W.  Lat. 

IS.  N. 

Cape  Gracias  a  Dios,   Falfe,  a  cape  on 

the  coaft  of  Nicaragua.     63  m.  S.  from  the 

true  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios.     Lat.  13.  36.  N. 


II.  /;6.  W.  Lat.  29.  40.  N. 

Cape  Guiones,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Mexico,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.^.  ^S'^' 

Cape  Gum'u'luy  fee  Cape  Angell 

Cape  Gyjfens,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Borneo.     I^ong.  118.  15.  E.    Lat.  i.  40.  N^ 

Cape  Haniniond,  the  fouth  extremity  of 


CapeCiaf/on,  a  cape  on   the   coaft   of  Kayes  ifland   in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 

New-Holland.      Long.  21^.  6.    W.     Lat.  Zo//^.  21.5.  E.  Z.?/.  59.  48.  N. 
16    57.  S.^  Cape  Ha?nrah,or  Ras-el-Hamra,  a  cape 

Cape  Gregory,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of  on  the  coaft  of  Algiers,  anciently  called  Pro- 
North-America.     This  by  Capt.  Vancouver  montorium   Hippi.     Long.  -;.  s^.'E-.     Lat. 
is   fuppofed  to    be  the  fame  as    tbat  called  37.  N. 
Cape  Blanco  by  Capt.  M.  d'Anguilar,  and  ^   Cape  Hanglip,  a  cape  onthefouthern  eX- 


CAP 


CAP 


tremity  of  Africa,  andenft  fide  of  Falfe  Bay. 
Long.  1 3. 44.  S.  Lat.  34. 16.  S. 

Cape  Harhcur,  a  cape  of  North-America, 
on  the  coail  of  M.iin,  at  the  north  extremity 
of  Wells  Bay.  L:;:^.  70.  24.  W.  Lat.  43. 
18.  N. 

Cape  Har^Jiab,  a  cape  on  thefouth  coafl 
of  Arabia.     Long.  47.  E.  Lat.  xt,.  %g.  N. 

Capa  Harrifm,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coail  of 
J.  -  Newfoundland.  L«f/g.';j.W.  i^f?/.  54.9.N. 

Ci7pe  Batieras.,  a  cape  on  tlie  coalt  or 

rtn-Caroiin.t,     Lorig.-jS'   54.  W.     Lat. 

.8.  N. 

Cape  Haivii:,  1  cape  on  the  coafl  of  New 
•  I'-iand.  X<;«^.  207.30.  W.  />i?/.  32. 14.  S. 
'  Tpe  Hc'dopen,  or  Cape  Jajnes,  a  cape 
e  coaft  of  Pennfylvania,  at  the  mouth 
01  &:■<'.  Delaware,  on  which  a  light- houfe  is 
•eretliler!.  This  cape  was  fo  called  by  fome 
Sv/edes,  who  landed  herein  1627,  and  pur- 
chafed  of  the  Indians  a  traft  of  land  to  form  a 
fetti^TacRt.  Long.  75.  9. W.  Lat.  37. 48.  N. 

Cjpe  Henrietta  Maria,  a  cape  on  the 
weft  coail:  of  James's  Bay,  in  Hudfon'sBay. 
Long.  82.  3c.  W.  Lat.  s_^.  15.  N. 

Cape  Henry,  a  cape  on  the  eail  coafl  of 
Virginia,  at  the  rr.cuth  of  the  Chefapeak. 
Long.  76.  W.  Zi^'.  37.  N. 

Cape  Henry,  a  cape  on  the  wefl  coafl  of 
Quesn  ehaiiot'ce's  ifland,  in  the  North  Paci- 
iic  Ocean,  Long.  227.45.  E.  I^at.  52.  53.N. 

CapeHenJlo-v:,  a  cape  on  thelcuth  coafl:  of 
NewGearc',ia.  Z,*?//^.  160.  jSE.  Z,<7^.  lo.S. 

Cape  Her  qui,  lee  Cape  Erqtti. 

Cape  H'igiera,  a  c«pe  of  Spain,  on  the 
ccaft  of  Biicav.  Long.  1.55.  W.  Lat.  43. 
22.  N. 

Cape  HUlfoorough.  a  cape  on  the  north- 
eall  coaft  of  New  Holland.  Long.  148. 44. 
E.  l^:lt.  20.  56.  S. 

Cape  Hincbinbroke,  a  cape  on  the  weft 
co.tII  of  North-America,  at  the  entrance  into 
Prince  William's  Sound.  Long.  213.  E. 
Lat  60.  15.  N. 

Cape  Hog,  a  mountainous  headland  on 
the  coall  of  Syiia,  which  forms  the  iduth 
point  of  the  bay  of  Alexandretta  ;  anciently 
called  Mons  Rhoflus.  Long.  38.  8.  E.  Lat. 
36.27.N. 

Cape  la  Hague,  a  cape  of  France,  in  the 
Englilh  Channel.  In  the  year  169Z,  the 
Englifh  fleet,  under  the  commandof  Admiral 
Rulfel,  obtained  a  glorious  vidory  over  the 
French  fleet,  commanded  by  Tourville,  off 
this  cape.  The  French  foil  four  ihips  in  the 
action;  three  were  delfroyed  next  day;  and 
18  more,  wh.ich  had  taken  refuge  in  the  bay  of 
LaHogue,  were  burned  by  Sir  Geo.  Rooke. 
Long.  2.  2.  W.  Lat.  49.  43.  N. 

Cape  Holland,  a  cape  in  the  Straits  of 
Magellan.  jLo;/^'-.  72.  34.  W.  Lat.  ^t,. ^y-S. 

Cape  Holy,  a  cape  in  the  Frozen  Ocean, 
Long. !■;().  40.E.  Lat.  72.  32. N. 

Cape  Honduras,  or  Punta  di  Caftilla,   a 


cape  of  North-America,  at  the  eaftern  fide 
of  the  gulf  of  Honduras.     Long.  86.  16.  W.       ! 
Lat.  16.  N.  ' 

Cape  Hone,  2.  cape  on  the  coafl  of  Algiers, 
called  by  the  natives  Ras  Hunneine,  and  by 
the  ancients  Promontorium  Magnum,  fitu- 
atcd,  according  to  Dr.  Shaw,  Long.  i.  o.W. 
Lat.  35.  24.  N. 

Cape  Hope,  a  cape  at  the  entrance  of  Re- 
pulfe  Bay,  in  Hudlbn's  Bay.  Long.  85.  30. 
W.  Lat.  64.  10.  N. 

Cape  Hope  yldvance,  a  cape  in  Iludfun's 
Straits.  Long.  72.  10.  W.  Lat.  61. 
45.  N. 

Cape  Horn,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coafl  of 
Terra  del  Fuego,  and  motl  Ibuthern  extie- 
mitv  of  South-Am.erica,  forming  part  of 
an  idand  belonging  to  the  cluffer  called 
Hennite's  Iflands,  "  were  I  bound  round 
Cape  Horn  to  the  wefl,  fays  Captain  Cook, 
and  not  in  want  of  wood  or  water,  or  any 
other  thing  that  might  make  it  neceffary  to 
put  into  port,  I  would  not  come  near  the 
land  at  all;  for  by  keeping  out  at  fea  you 
avoid  the  currents,  which,  I  am  fatisfied, 
lofe  their  force  at  30  or  36  miles  from 
land ;  and  at  a  greater  diflance  there  are 
none."     Lo):g.  67.  46*.  W.  Lat  55.58.  S. 

Cape  Horn  (Falfe,)  a  cape  of  South- 
America.     9  miles  NE.  Cape  Horn. 

Cape  Ho-we,  a  cape  on  the  eafl  coafl  of 
New-Holland.    Long.  150.  E.  Lat.  37.30.S. 

Cape  Hmiter,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-wefl 
coaft  of  New  Georgia.  Long.  160.  3.  E. 
Lat.  9.42.  N. 

Cape  "Jack/on,  or  Point  'Jackfon,  a  cape 
en  the  coafl  of  New-Holland.  Long.  175. 
10.  E.  Lat.  40.  54.  S. 

Cape  James,  fee  Cape  Henlopen. 
Cape  Jaqueviel,  a  cape   on   the  fouth 
coafl  of  the  illand  of  Hiipaniola.   Long.-]^. 
25.  W.  Lat.  18. 14-  N. 

Cape  jfaquei,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Chi- 
ampa,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Cambodia. 
Long.  107.  30.  L^at.  10.  40.  N. 

Cape  Jaqiiet,  a  cape  on  the  coafl  of  Gu- 
zerat,  in  the  gulf  of  Cutch.  Long.  68.  E. 
Lat.  23.  N. 

Cape  Jaques,  Q>r  Jajk,  a  cape  at  the 
eaftern  extremity  of  the  gulf  of  Perfia,  at 
its  entrance  from  the  Arabian  fea.  It  is 
known  by  a  remarkable  fquare  rock  a  few 
miles  to  the  northward  of  it.  This  rock 
bearing  NNW.  andSSE.  you  can  fee  through 
a  large  hole  that  is  on  the  north-caft  corner. 
T!ie  cape  is  a  low  fandy  defert,  with  a  few 
flirubs  on  it.  Le  Brun  calls  it  Cape  St. 
James.     Long.  57.  20.  E.  Lat.  25.  39.  N. 

Cape  jereviie,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coall 
of  die  ifland  of  Hifpaniola.  Long.  71.  15. 
W.Lat.  18.  16.  N. 

Cape  Pubet/jn,  a  cape  on  the  NW.  coall 
of  Pitt's  Archipelago.  Long.  229.  3c.  E. 
i..'-//.54.  4.  N. 


C  A  P 

Cape  Icy,  a  cape  on  tlie  wefl:  coail:  of 
'North-Aiucrica, in theFrozen  fca,difcorered 
in  April  1778.  Long.  198.  20.  E.  Lat.  70. 
z().  N. 

Cape  Liarcontang,  a  cape  on  tb.e  north 
coafi:  of  tlie  ifland  of  Borneo.  Long.  117. 
18.  E.  Laf.  6.  58.  N, 

Cape  bifanta,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Africa.     Long.  \^.  15.  E.  Lat.  34.  .30.  S. 

Cape  Infrefchi^  a.  cape  in  the  bay  of  Na- 
ples.    Long.  15.  28.  E.  Lat.  39.  59.  N. 

Cape  Ingamio,    fee  C*;//)!.'  Lngano. 

Cape  Ljidd,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Ivica.  Long.  i.  16.  E.  Lat. 

C/?/)^'  yo'ies,  a  cape  in  Hudfon's  Bay. 
Lo?!g.  79,  W.  X^?/.  58.  50.  N, 

Cape  Irois,  the  moil  weflerly  point  of  the 
ifland  (;f  Hifpaniola. 

Cape  Iron,  a  cape  on  the  coait  of  Algiers,- 
called  by  the  Moors,  Ras  Hadecd.  Long. 
7.  27.  E.  Lat.  36.  57.  N. 

C:?/!^  Juby,  a  cape  on  the  wzik  coaft  of 
Africa,  in  the  Atlantic.  I^ng.  12.  W.  Lat.,, 
27.30.  N. 

CiZps'  "Jiina,  a  cape  on  the  eafl  coaft  of 
Sardiria.     Long.  0.    ^4.  E.  Lat.  40.  8.  N. 

Cape  Ivy,  or  Jibhel  Difs,  a  cape  on  the 
coall  of  Algiers,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
SheHiff.  Long.  o.  20.  E.  Laf.  36.  20.  N. 

Cape  Kalhat,  or  Caps  Calhat,  or  i^!;rx 
Kalhat,  a  cape  on  the  eafl  coaft  of  Arabia. 
Loi2g.  58.^30.  E.  Lat.  23.  18.  N. 

Cape  Karaganjkj'i,  a  cape  on  the  eaft 
coaft  of  the  Cafpian  Sea.     Lat.  44.  20.  N. 

CapeKare-nipi,  or  Kare7np:burun,  ox  Cape 
Pljelb,  a  cape  on  the  coalt  of  Natoha,  in 
the  Black  lea.  Long.  2,i'  10.  E.  Lat. 
42-  20.  N. 

Cape^  Kajlricum,  a  cape  on  the  north  eaft 
coaft  of  the  Company's  Illand,  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean.  Long.  151.  40.  E.  Lat. 
46.  30.  N. 

Cape  Ken,  fee  Cape  Sarta. 

Cape  KlnUi,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  the  iflandof  Negropont.  Long.  24. 
4.  E.  Lat.  38.  36.  N. 

Cape  Khinappe7-s,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
cfNcv/ Zealand,  in  the  South  Pacilio  C>cca!i, 
dilcovered  in  1769,  and  ib  named  bv  Capt. 
Cook,  from  an  attcnijjt  made  by  the  inhabi- 
tants to  carry  a  boy  from  tlic  Endeavour,  as 
ihe  lay  oiF.  It  is  remarkable  for  two  wiiite 
locks  like  hay  ftacks,  and  high  white  cliffs  on 
each  lidc.  Long.  182.  24.  W.  Lat.c.c).  43. S. 

Cape  (King  It'illiain's,)  a  cape  on  the 
eaftern  extremity  of  New  Guinea.  Long. 
148.  ,?.E.  Lat.  6.  45- S. 

Cape  Koamerco,  the  foutli-caft  projcftion 
ol  land  at  the  entrance  of  Queen  Chailutte's 
Sound,  on  the  illand  of Tauii-Poenammoo, 
one  of  the  New-Zealand  iilands.  Long. 
i-jfy.  30.  ]L.  Lat.  41.  34.  N. 
Cape  Kurliii,  or  Ras  Knr/af,  a  ca^ic  on 


CAP 

the  coaft  of  Arabia.    Lo?ig.  57.  50.  E.  Lat. 
3j.  27.  N, 

Cape  LackiJi,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Miio.  Long.  24.  24.  E.  Lat. 
36.   44-  N, 

Cdpe  Ladoura,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft: 
of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus.  Long.  34.  33.  E. 
Lat.  %i..  ri.  N. 

Cape  Lahou  River,  a  river  of  the  Ivory 
coaft,  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long. 
5.  15.  W.  Z/7/.  5.  i3.  N. 

Cape  Lar.cu,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the 
Ivory  coaft,  with  a  town  of  the  fame  name 
near  it^  I^ong.  5.  18.  W.  Lat.  5.  16.  N. 

Cape  Lalang,  a  cape  on  the  ncrth-eaft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Sumatra.  Long.  99. 
52.  E.  Lat. 2.  40.  W. 

Cape  Lanton,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  China,  at  the  entrance  of  the  river  Pe- 
kiang.     Long.  113.  50.  E.  Lat.  22.  15.  N.' 

Cape  de  Larme,  a  cape  on  tlie  foutli  coail 
of  Calabria.  Long.  16.  2.  E.  Lat.  37.  S2>-^- 

Cape  Lajlres,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  Spain.  Long.  5.  20.  W.  Lat.  43.  33.  N. 

Cape  Lean,  or  Loop  Head,  a  cape  on  the 
coaft  of  Ireland,  at  tire  mouf:'-!  of  the  Shan- 
non. Long.  9.  49.  W.     Lat.  52.  32.  N. 

Cape  Ld-iecke,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  illand  of  Cabrera.  Lang.  2.  ci.  E.  Lat. 
39.  8.  N. 

Cape  Ledoy  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa.  LiH.  9.  50.  S. 

Cape  Lentrijla,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  cca:3: 
of  the  illand  of  Iviga.  Long.  i.  12.  E.  Lat. 
38.  5  I.N. 

Cape  LcoViC,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Greece, 
in  the  gulf  of  Engia.    8  m.  WSW.  Athens. 

Cape  di  Leuca,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Naples,  at  the  extremity  of  the  province 
of  Otranto.  Long.  18.  20.  E.  Lat.  40.  3.  N. 

Cape  Levi,  a  cape  of  France,  on  the 
weft  coaft,  in  the  Engliili  Channel.  7  miles 
ENE.  Chcrburg. 

Cape  Lianj,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Ma- 
lacca.    Long.  loi.  36.  E.  Lat.  12.  26.  N. 

Cape  Liconda,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the 
coaft  of  Tripoli.  Long.  i^.E.Lat.  30. 5:. N. 

Cape  Lieo/'a,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Na- 
ples, in  the  gulf  of  Salerno.  Long.  15.5c. 
E.   Lat.  40.  15.  N. 

Cape  Jjmniti,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus.  Long.  32.  44.  E. 
Lat.  34.  30.  N. 

Cape  Lindo,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coail  of 
the  illand  of  Ceiigo.  Long.  4c.  34.  E.  Lat. 
36.  27.  N. 

Cape  Lingnetta,  a  cape  en  the  coaft  of 
Cireece,  at  the  etitrance  of  the  Adriatic. 
Ijat.  40.  36.  N. 

Gape  Liri,  a  cape  on  the  \v-.ft  cc  aft  of 
Sardinia.     3  miles  E.  Cape  Cacc  a. 

Cape  Lijburn,  a  cape  on  thewtftcoift 
of  North-AnK-ric  u  Long.  16 -.  "\V.  L.t, 
69.  6.  N. 


CAP 


C  A  P 


Cape  Lijhiirn,  a  cape  on  the  ifland  of 
Spiritu  Santo,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides. 
Lo;ig.  i66.  57.  E.  Lat.  15.  41.  S. 

Ccipe  Locca,  or  Luco,  a  cape  of  Africa, 
on  the'coaflof  Barca,  in  the  Mediccirancan. 
LiOJig.  ZS'  20.  E.  L'lt.  32.  N. 

Cape  Lodo,_  or  Mad  Cape,  a  cape  on  the 
fouth  coaft  of  Weft-Florida,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Miffilfippi.  Long.  71-  42.  W.  Lat.  29. 
ID.  N. 

Cape  Lognina,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Sicily.  Long.  15.  12.  E.    Lat.  36.  50.  N. 

Cape  Lookout.)  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Nortli-Carolina.  So  late  as  the  year  1771, 
this  cape  afforded  an  excellent  harbour, 
capacious  enough  for  a  large  fleet  in  good 
deep  water  ;  but  the  bafon  is  now  filled  up. 
Long.  76.  48.  W.    Lat.  34.  2a. N. 

Cape  Lookout,  a  cape  in  Hudfon's  Bay. 
Long.  89.  10.  W.  Lat.  SS'  3C.  N. 

Cape  Lookout,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Patagonia,  in  tiie  Atlantic.  Lat.  48.  3a.  S. 

Cape  Lookout,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  North-America.  Long.  236.  11.  E.  Lat. 
AS'  :,2.  N. 

Cape  Lopatka,  a  cape  at  the  fouth  ex- 
tremity of  Kamtchatka. 

Cape  Lopez  GoTifah;,  a  cape  of  Africa, 
on  tlie  coaft  of  Benin,  forming  the  fouthern- 
moft  extremity  of  the  gulf  of  Guinea.  It 
appears  to  veffcls  failing  by  like  a  low  flat 
ifland ;  but  is  a  long  narrow  peninfula, 
ftretching  from  the  continent  into  the  fea 
feveral  leagues ;  like  the  adjacent  main  land, 
low,  fiat,  fwampy,  and  covered  with  wood. 
It  received  its  name  from  the  Portuguefe 
who  firft  difcovered  it;  and  afiords  a  good 
harbour  either  for  anchoring  or  careening 
vefTeis,  efpecially  homeward  bound.  Near 
the  cape  is  a  village,  where  provilions  may 
be  had  in  plenty.     Lat.  i.  5.  S. 

Cape  Lor  at,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the  coaft 
cf  Tripoli.  Long.  34.  E.  Lat.  2,0.  35.  N. 

Cape  Louis,  a  cape  on  the  vv'eft  coaft  of 
Kerguelen's  Land.  Long.  dZ.io.'E..  Lat. 
49.  2.  S. 

Cape  Lucas,  fe*  Cape  St.  Lucas. 

Cape  Luco,  fee  Cape  Locca. 

Cape  Maho,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  New 
Quinea.    Long.  130.  5.  E.  Lat,  o.  40.  S. 

Cape  Macartney,  a  cape  on  the  ealt  coaft 
ofCliina.  Long.  \%%.\(i.Y..  Z,«/.36.  54.N. 

Cape  Machiackaco,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on 
the  coaft  of  Bifcay.  Lon7.  a.  47.  \Y.  Lat. 
43.  28.  N. 

Caps  Macrl,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Eu- 
ropean Turkey,  in  the  northern  part  of  die 
Archipelago.  Long.  25.  46.  E.  J^at.  40. 
27.  N. 

Cape  Maguari,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Brafil.     Long.  49.  58.  W.  Lat.  c.  16.  S. 

Cape  Mahanguin,  the  fouth  extremity  of 
the  iiland  of  Marindugera.  Long.  121.  51. 
E.    Lut.  13.  16.  N. 


Cape  Mahrab,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  or' 
Arabia.     Lo7ig.  56.  45.  E.  Lat.  19.  15.  N. 

Cape  Malabar,  a  cape  of  North-America, 
on  the  coaft  of  Malfaciiufctts.  Long.  65. 
55.  W.   /.^A4i..38-N. 

Cape  Malataycr,  a  cape  on  the  fouth 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Borneo.  Long.  114. 
E.  Lat.  3.  24.  S. 

Cape  Maiea,  or   St.  ylngelo,  a  cape  on 
the  fouth  coaft  of  the  Morea.    Long.  23. 

12.  E.     Lat.  36.  27.  N. 

Cape  Maleca,  or  Melecca,  a  cape  on  the 
north  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Candy,  anciently 
called  Promontoriiini  Ciatnuvi.  Long.  24. 
4.  E.    Lat.  35.  3a.  N. 

Cape  Manamhatou,  a  cape  on  the  eafl 
coaft  of  Mad agafcar.     Zo/;^.  51.  5.E.  Lat. 

13.  20.  S. 

Cape  Los  Manes,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Darien.     Long.  79.58.  W.    Lat.  9.  a8.  N. 

Cape  Manifold,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  New  Holland ;  fo  called  by  Capt. 
Cook  in  1770,  from  the  number  of  lofty 
hills  which  appeared  over  it.  Long.  209. 
W.  Lat  22.  43.S. 

Cape  Manoujjl,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Madagafcar.  Long.  52.  22.  E.  Lat. 
20.  6.  S. 

Cape  Manuel,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa.     15  miles   SE.  Cape  Verde.    Lat. 

14.  46.  N. 

Cape  Mar,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  north 
coaft,  in  the  Atlantic.  Long.  4.  58.  W. 
Lat.  43.  29.  W. 

Cape  Marechaux,  a  cape  on  the  fouth 
coafl  of  the  ifland  of  Hil'paniola.  Long. 
73.23.  W.  Lat.  18.  16.  N. 

Cape  Maria,  Van  Diemen,  the  north- 
weft  point  of  New  Zealand.  Long.  172. 
42.  E.  Lat.  34.  30.  S. 

Cape  Marpcveiro,  a  cape  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  Africa.  Long.  la.  30.  W.  Lat. 
38.  9.  N. 

Cape  Marquis,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Lucia.  Long.  60. 4a.  W. 
Lat.  13.  50. N. 

Cape  Marrica,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-eaft 
coaft  of  Arabia.  Long,  sd'  25-  E.  Lat. 
18.  30.N. 

Cape  MarJJ},  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
New  Georgia.  Long.  158.  56.  E."  Lat. 
9.  21.  S. 

Cape  Marfalla,  fee  Cape  Boco. 

Cape  Martello,  the  fouth  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Negropont.  Long.  34.  39.  E. 
Lat.  38.  N. 

Caps  Martin,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Valencia.  Long.  o.  3.  E.  Lat. 
38.  47.  N. 

Cape  Martinet,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-eaft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Iviga.  Long.  i.  a8.  E. 
Lat.  38.  54-  N. 

Cape  Majtico,  the  fouthern  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Scio.  Long.  %().%.'£..  Lat.^?  "^. 


CAP 

dapi'  l^Tatala,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coafl: 
of  the  ifland  of  Candia.  Long.  24.  54.  E. 
Lat.  .u.  48.  N. 

Ca}ye  Matapkan,  fee  Cape  Caglia. 

Cape  Matas^  a  cape  on  the  ealt  coaft  of 
Patagonia.     Lat.  45.  S. 

Cape  Matheo,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Scio.  Long.  25.  58.  E.  Lat. 
38  13.  N, 

Cape  Matraca,  fee  Cape  Mahrah. 

Cape  Matifouy  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Algiers.     Lo?ig.  3.  45.  E.    Lat.  36.  50.  N. 

Cape  Maurizzio,  a  cape  in  the  bay  of 
Naples.     Long.  15.  37.  E.  Lat.  40.  i.N. 

Cape  May,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  New 
Jerfey,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Delav/are.  Long. 
74.  52.  W.  Lat.  38.  57.  N. 

Cape  Mayor,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  Spain.     Long.  3.  46.  W.  Lat.  43.  29.  N. 

Cape  Mayiwnm,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa.    Z^^/.  3.  35.  S. 

Cape  Mayzi,  or  Cape  Maizo,  the  eaftern 
point  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba  Long.  74.  10. 
W.  Lat.  20.  18.  N. 

Cape  Madaios,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa.  Long.\x,.%o.'^N .  Z^?/.  23.  30.  N. 

Cape  Melle,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Genoa. 
Long.  8.  2.  E.  Lat.  43.57.  N. 

Cape  Melecca,  iee  Cape  Make  a  ■ 

Cape  Melvil,  the  north-weft  point  of 
Hifpaniola.  Long.do.io.'W.  Lat.\^./i,6,.^. 

Cape  Mendocino,  a  cape  of  North-Ame- 
rica, on  the  coaft  of  New  Albion;  off"  tlie 
cape  lie  fome  rocky  iflets  and  funkcn  rocks, 
near  a  league  from  the  fliore.  The  louthern- 
moft  of  thefe  from  the  northernmoft  pro- 
montory iicG  S.  61.  W.  about  a  league  dif- 
tant;  and  within  it  are  two  rocky  iflets,  in 
fhape  much  refcnibling  hay-cocks.  The 
rorthernnioft  of  them  lies  N.  3.  W.  diftant 
five  or  iix  miles,  nearly  the  fame  fliape  and 
Jize  with  the  other,  to  which  it  is  apparently 
connefred  by  a  ledge  of  rocks,  wliofe  outer- 
niofl-  part  lies  from  the  above  promontory 
N.  38.  W.  about  two  leagues  difiant,  having 
a  fmaller  iilet,  about  midway,  between  them. 
On  foine  part  of  this  ledge  the  feaconflantly 
bleaks  with  great  violence;  on  otliers  at  in- 
tervals only.  The  whole  of  this  cape, 
though  by  no  means  a  very  projefting  head- 
land, is  doubtlefs  very  reniarkahle,  from 
being  the  higJKft  on  the  fea-fhore  of  this 
part  of  New  Albion.  The  mountains  at  its 
back  are  conliderably  elevated,  and  form 
altogether  a  high  ftcep  mals,  whii.h  does  not 
break  into  perpendicular  cliffs,  but  is  com- 
pofed  of  various  hills,  that  rile  abruptly,  and 
arc  divided  into  many  deep  chalm3.  In 
fome  of  thefe,  as  well  as  on  fome  of  the 
ridges  of  the  Iiills,  grew  a  few  dwarf  trees. 
The  general  furficc  was  covered  witii  vege- 
tables of  a  dull  green  colour^,  interfperied  'n 
fome  phiccs  with  perpendicular  ftrata  of  led 
earth  or  clay.    South   of  the  cape  the  coi-.ft 


CAP 

is  nearly  flrait,  forming  only  a  trifling  bend. 
Its  elevation  is  regular ;  it  may  be  confidered 
as  high  land,  and  is  apparently  fteep.  To 
the  northward  of  Cape  Mendocino  the  ele- 
vation of  the  country  appeared  fuddenly  to 
decreafe  beyond  the  rocky  iflets,  where  it 
feemed  to  afTume  a  moderate  height.  Long. 
235.  5 3. T.  Lat.  40.19.  N. 

Cape  Merhat,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coafl 
ofAr;ibia.      Zot^.  53.  20.  E.  Lal.i'/.'N. 

Cape  Mefaff,  fee  Cape  Ferratt. 

Cape  Mefurado,  or  Mefurata,  a  cape  of 
Africa,  on  the  coaft  of  Tripoli.  Long.  16. 
12. E.     /y<^/.  32. 2 I.N. 

Cape  Mefurado,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the 
coaft  of  Guinea.  Long.  10.  25.  W.  Lat. 
6. 16.N. 

Cape  Meyo,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Africa.  Long.  26.  50.  Y..  Lat.  2,"^.^. 

Cape  Middle,  the  moft  wefteily  point  of 
Staten  Land,  in  the  Straits  of  La  Maire. 

Cape  Milazzo,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  Sicily.     Z.0;;^.  15.  23.E.  Zyi7/.  38.  20.  N. 

Cape  Minarzo,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
weft  coaft  of  Galicia.  Long.^.io.W.  Lat. 
42.  51.  N. 

Cape  Minorca,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Majorca.     Long.  3. 12.  E.    Lat.  39.  50.  N. 

Cape  Mirick,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa.     Long.  6.  5.  W.   Lat.  19.  N. 

Cape  Mijeno,  a  cape  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  gulf  of  Naples.  Zsz/^i-.  13.  52.E.  Lat. 
40.  48.  N. 

CapeMiJlaken,  a  cape  of  Terra  del  Fuego. 
It  is  the  fouthern  point  of  the  eafternmoft 
of  the  Hermits  Iflands.  9  miles  ENE.  Cape 
Horn. 

Cape  Macandon,  fee  Mozandum. 

Cape  Mohanzo,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Arabia.     Long.  67.  10.  E.     Lat.  24.  25.  N. 

Cape  Mola,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Minorca.     Long.  4.  17.  E.     Lat.  39.  51.N. 

Cape  Moncocda,  the  north-eaft  point  of 
the  ifland  of  Banca.  Long.  105.  s;,.  E. 
Lat.  I.  28.  S. 

Cape  Monday,  a  cape  of  South-America, 
in  the  Straits  of  Magellar..  Long.  75.  20. 
W.     Lat.  ^i.  12.  S. 

Cape  Mondego,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Portugal.     /yW7^.  8.50.W.  ii7/.40.4.N. 

Cape  Mondego,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the 
Slave  Coaft.     /,.7/.  ■;.  50.  N. 

Cape  Mongon,  {Grand,)  a  cape  on  the 
fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Hifpaniola. 
Long,  72.  18   W.     Lat.  17.  59.  N. 

Cape  Mongon  Petit,  the  moft  foutherly 
point  of  the  ifland  of  Hifpaniola.  Long. 
72.  20.  W.     Lat.  17.  57.  N. 

Cape  Monmouth,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  oi 
Patagonia,  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  at  the 
entrance  of  St.  Scbaftian's  Sound. 

Cape  Montague,  a  cape  on  the  north  part 
of  Hudfbn's  Bay.    Long.%-^.W.  Lat.dd.^.^ 

Cape  Montague^  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 


CAP 


CAP 


Sandwich  Land.    Lojig.  26.  46.  W.  Laf. 

58.  33.  s. 

Cape  Monte,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the  Slave 
Coaft.     Long.  II.  10.  W.     Lat.  6.  45.  N. 

Cape  Monte  Smitot-x  cape  on  the  ealt  coaft 
of  European  Turkey.  Long.  24.  32.  E. 
Lat.  40.  13.  N. 

Cape  Mondev;o,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the 
Slave  Coaii.     Long.  3.  E.  Lat.  5.  50.  N. 

Cape  Montp'Jtles,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Canada,  in  the  r'ver  St.  Laurence.  Long. 
67.  W.     Lo.t.  49.  20.  N. 

Cape  Monze,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Sindy, 
weft  of  the  Ladus.  Long.  65.  46.  E.  Lat, 
24-  ?5-  N. 

Cape  Mora,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Borneo.  Long.  109.  27.  E. 
Lat.  o.  48.  N. 

Cape  Moran,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Perha,  in  tlie  Arabian  iea.  Long.  64.  50. 
E.     Lat.  25.  14.  N. 

Cape  Movant,  or  Eaji  Point,  a  cape  on 
theeaft  coaft  of  Jamaica.  Long.  75.  52.W. 
Lat.  17.  56.  N. 

Cape  Moraria,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Valencia.  Long.  o.  i.  W.  Lat. 
38.  40.  N. 

CapeMoreton,^  cape  on  the  coaft  of  New- 
Holland.     Long.  206.  28.  E.  Lat.  26.  56.  S. 

Cape  Mart,  a  cape  of  England,  on  the 
coaft  -of  Devonfhire,  in  the  Briitol  Channel. 
/.5//ir.  4 ••?.'•  W.     Z^/.  jr.  13.N. 

Cape  Mount  River,  a  river  of  Africa, 
which  rifes  in  Guinea,  and  runs  into  the 
Atlanuc  north  of  Cape  Mount. 

Cape  Moment,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa.     Long.  ii.W.    Lat.  6.  3?..  N. 

Cape  Mozandem,  or  Miifcldoni,  a  cape  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Perfian  gulf.  Long.  56. 
5.  E.     Lat.  26.  19.  N. 

Cape  Mulgrave,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  North-America,  in  the  Frozen  fea.  Lotig. 
165.  9.  W.     Lat.  67.  45.  N. 

Cape  Nahend,  Nahan,  or  Nahon,  a  cape 
on  the  fouth  coaft  of  Perfia,  in  the  gulf  of 
Perha.     Long.  52.  18.  E.     Lat.  27.  27.  N. 

Cape  Nakos,  or  Nackoitfe,  fee  Cape  'Tenes. 

Cape  Nao,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
of  Valencia.     Long.  o.  3.E.  Lat.  38.43.  N. 

Cape  NaJJ'au,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Su- 
rinam.    Z.5«^.  59.  30.  W.     Lat.  J.  40.  i>s. 

Cape  Natal,  or  Cape  A?nbra,  a  cape  on 
the  north  coaft  of  Madagafcar.  Long.  jo. 
15.  E.     Lat.  II.  22.  S. 

CapeNava,  a  cape  of  Naples,  on  theeaft 
coaft  of  Calabria.  4  miles  SSW.  Cape  Co- 
lonna.     Long.  17.  28.  E.    Lat.  39.  2.  N. 

Cape  Nave,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  Galicia,  a  liitl  ?  to  the  north  of  Cape 
Finifterra.     Long.  <).2o.\V.  Z,rt/.  42.58. N. 

Cape  Nebo,  a  cape  of  Japan.  Long.  142. 
E.     Lat.  39.  N. 

Cape  Neddik,  a  cape  of  America,  on  the 
coaft  of  Maine.  Long,  70.  43.  W.  Lat. 
48.  8.  N. 


Cape  Negrafao,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Virginiii.   Long.  8.  20. W.  Lat.  40.  40.  N. 

Cape  Ncgrais,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  ot 
Ava,  in  the  bay  of  Bengal.  Long.  94.  25. 
E.     Lat.x(u  N. 

Cape  Ncg!-efe,-x  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
of  Murcia.  Long.  0.5^.  W.  Lat.  37. 33.  N. 

Cape  Negro,  a  Cipe  on  the  caft  coaft  of 
Minorca.     Long.  4.  18.  E.     Lat.  39.  53.  N.. 

Cape  Negro,  a  cape  of  the  weft  coaft  of 
Corfica.    Long.  8.  39.  E.     Lat.  41.  45.  N. 

Cape  A'^egro,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Tunis. 
Long.  8-  30.  E.     Lat.  37.  32.  N. 

Cape  Negro,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Bcn- 
gucla.     Lo>;g.  iz.  30.E.     Lat.  16.  !■;.  S. 

Cape  Negro,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Terra  del  Fuego.     Lat.  54.  5.  S. 

Cape  Nei^>-o  Bay,  a  bay  oi  the  Atlantic, 
on  the  coaft  of  Africa,  north  of  Cape  Negro. 

Cape  Nepean,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
New  Georgia.  Long.  157.  36.  E.  Lat. 
8.  51.  S.  ^ 

CapeNeivenham,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  North- America.  Z-wj^'-.  197.  36.E.  Lat.. 
58.  42.  N. 

Cape  Nizao,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Hifpaniola.  12  miles  WSW.  St.  Domingo. 
Lat.1%.  8.  N. 

Cape  Noir,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Terra  del  Fuego.  It  is  a  fteep  rock  of  con- 
fiderable  heiglit,  and  the  fouth  part  of  a 
large  ifland,  which  feems  to  be  detached, 
three  or  four  miles  from  the  main  land  ;  at 
the  point  of  the  cape  are  two  rocks,  one 
fhaped  like  a  fugar-?oaf,  the  other  not  io 
high.     Long.  73.  33.  W.     Lat.  54.  30.  S. 

Cape  Noir,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Milo.  Long.  24.  22.  E.  Lat. 
36.  47-  N. 

Cape  Noli,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Genoa. 
Lo?;g.  8.  27.  te.     Lat.  44.  13.  N. 

Cape  Non,  or  Nun,  a  cape  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  Morocco.  Long.  11.5.  W.  Lai, 
28.  38.  N. 

Cape  Nojio,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Ivio.  Long.  i.  17.  E.  Lat. 
39- 3- N.  '  _ 

Cape  Norfeo,  a  cape  of  Spam,  on  the  coaft 
ofCatalonia.     Long.T..  7.'E.  Lat.  42. 16.  N 

Cape  Norvmn,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Newfoundland.  Z-s//^.  55.58.  W.  Lat. 
42.  14.  N. 

Cape  North,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
Ireland.     Lo7ig.  8.  SS-  W.   Lat.  55.  15.  N. 

Cape  North,  the  moft  northerly  point  of 
Europe,  on  the  coaft  of  Norway.  Long. 
aS.  E.     Lat.  'ji.  10.  N. 

Cape  North,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Afia, 
in  the  Frozen  Ocean.  Long.  179.  9.  W. 
Lat.  68.  ?6.  N. 

Cape  North,  a  cape  on  tlie  eaft  coaft  of 
South-America,  forming  the  north  boundary 
of  Brafil.     Long.  56.  6.  W.     Lat.  i.  48.  N. 

Cape  North,  a  cape  on  the  goaft  of  Jouth 


CAP 


CAP 


Cape  North,  the  north  part  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  John,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Laurence. 
Long.  63-  .';5«W.     Lat.  47.  N. 

Cape  North,  the  north-eaft  point  of  the 
ifiand  of  Cape  Breton.  L-}72g.  60.  la.  W. 
Lat.  47.  a.  N. 

Cape  North,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  Morocco.     /><7/.  32.  45.  N. 

Cape  North,  the  northern  extren^ity  of 
New  Zealand.  It  is  a  peninfula  jutting  out 
to  the  nortli-eaft  about  two  miles,  and  ter- 
minating in  a  bluiF  head,  fiat  at  the  top. 
Long.  186.  ss-  W.     Lat.  2,^.  22.  S. 

Cape  North,  the  north-eaft  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Fernando  Po.  Long.  7.  $5'  E- 
Lat.  3.  50.  N. 

Cape  Nofe,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Nubia, 
in  the  Red  Sea.  Long.  ^e,.  30.  E.  Lat. 
S3.  40.  N. 

Cape  Notch,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Pata- 
gonia.    Zw^.  74.  34-W.     Z,^if,5  3.33.S. 

Cape  Notoi  a  c;ipe  of  Japan,  on  the  north- 
weft  coaft  of  the  illand  of  Niphon.  Long. 
137.  54.  E.     i^/.  37.  36.  N. 

Cape  Nun,  fee  Cape  Non. 

Cape  Nympha,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Monte  Santo.  Long.  24.  24.  E.  Lat. 
40.  3.  N. 

Cape  Oflonla,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Negroponte.  Long. 
24. 16.E.     Z^/.  38.  28.N. 

Cape  Ogogno,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Bifcay.  Long.  3.  40.  W.  Lat. 
43.  26.  N. 

Cape  Ogurza,  a  cape  on  the  caft  coaft  of 
the  Cafpian  Sea.     Lat.i^).  31.  N. 

Cape  Olaredo,  fee  Cape  del  Oro. 

Cape  Oliver,  fee  Cape  Petra. 

Cape  Onnnam,  the  fou'chern  extreiiity 
of  the  iflands  in  King  George  III. 'a  Archipe- 
lago. Long.  225.  27.  E.  Lat.  56.  10.  N. 

Cape  Onegiia,  a  cape  of  Genoa.  Long. 
7.  54.  E.  Lat.  43.53.N. 

Cape  Oonemak,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  North- America,  forming  the  fouthern 
point  of  Briftol  Bay.  Long.  196.  10.  E. 
Lat.  55.  16.  N. 

Cape  Orange,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Su- 
rinam.    Long.  52.  16.  W.   Lat.  4.  15.  N. 

Cape  Orange,  a  cape  in  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  on  the  coaft  of  Terra  del  Fuego. 
it  is  remarkable  by  a  pretty  higli  hillock, 
Jfcep  towards  the  fea,  and  forms  to  the 
Ibuth  tlie  -urft  narrow  pafs  in  the  Straits. 
The  point  is  dangci'ous  on  account  of  a 
lodge  which  extends  to  tlie  north-eafl  at 
h-aff  9  miles  into  the  fea.  Long  70.20.  V/. 
Lat.  52.  35.  S. 

Cape  OrfvJ,  a  cape  on  ihe  fouth-eaft 
coalt  of  New  Britain.  Long.  151.  35.  E. 
Lat^.  5.  36.  S. 

Cape  Orf.id,  a  cape  of  America,  on  the 
noaft  of  New  Albion,  dilcovered  by  Captaic 
Vancouver,  in  ^Vpiil  1792.  OH"  it  are  fevcial 


fmall  rocky  iiles;  many  of  the  inhabitants 
camein  canoes  alongtheiliip  with  the  greateft 
confidence,  and  without  any  fort  of  invita- 
tion. A  pleaiingand  courteous  deportment 
diftinguillied  thefe  people.  Their  counte- 
nances indicated  nothing  ferocious ;  their 
features  partook  rather  of  the  general  Euro- 
pean charader ;  their  colour  a  light  olive ; 
and  befides  being  punfluated  in  the  fafhion 
of  the  South-Sea  ifianders,  their  fliin  had 
many  other  marks,  apparently  from  injuries 
in  their  excuriions  through  the  forefts,  pof- 
fibly  with  little  or  no  clothing  that  could 
protect  them;  though  fome  were  of  opinion 
that  thefe  marks  were  purely  ornamental. 
Theirftature  wasunder  the  raiddlefize,  none 
that  appeared  exceeding  five  feet  fix  inches 
in  height.  They  were  tolerably  well  limbed, 
though  flender  in  their  perfons;  bore  little 
or  no  refemblance  to  the  people  of  Nootka; 
nor  did  they  feem  to  have  the  leaft  know- 
ledge of  that  language.  They  feemed  to 
prefer  the  comforts  of  cleanlinefs  to  the 
painting  of  their  bodies;  in  their  ears  and 
nofes  they  had  fmall  ornaments  of  bone ; 
their  hair  which  was  long  and  black,  was 
clean  and  neatly  combed,  and  generally  tied 
in  a  club  behind;  though  fome  amongft 
them  had  their  hair  in  a  club  in  front  aJfb. 
They  were  dreil'ed  in  garments  that  nearly 
covered  them,  made  principally  of  the  flcins 
of  deer,  bear,  fox,  and  river  otter;  one 
or  two  cub  flcins  of  the  fea  otter,  were 
alfo  obfervcd  amongft  them.  Their  canoes, 
calculated  to  carry  about  eight  people,  were 
rudely  formed  out  of  a  fingle  tree;  their 
fliape  much  refem.bled  that  of  a  butcher's 
tray,  and  ibemed  very  unfit  for  a  fea  voyage 
or  any  diftant  expedition.  They  brought 
but  a  fevv'  trifling  articles  to  barter,  and  they 
anxioufly  folicited  in  exchange  iron  and 
beads.  In  this  trafhc  they  were  fcrupuloufly 
honeft,  particularly  in  fixing  their  bargain 
with  the  firft  bidder;  for  if  a  fecond  offered 
a  more  valuable  commodity  for  what  they 
had  to  fell,  they  would  not  confent,  but 
made  (igns  (which  could  not  be  miftaken) 
that  the  iirff:  fhould  pay  the  price  offered  by 
the  fecond,  on  which  the  bargain  would  be 
clofed.  They  did  not  entertain  the  leaft 
idea  of  accepting  prefents,  for  on  Captain 
Vancouver's  giving  them  fome  beads,  me- 
dals, iron,  Sec.  they  inftantly  offered  their 
garments  in  return.  Long.  235.  is.  E.  Lat, 
41.  52.  N. 

Cape  Orfiii,  or  Cape  d'Orfui,  a  cape  on 
the  fouth-eafl  coaft  of  Africa,  in  the  Indian 
Sea;  known  to  the  ancients  by  the  name  of 
I'abai  Promontorium.  It  is  varioufly  writ- 
ten, Orfui,  D'OrfliijArfur,  D'Arfur,  Carfur, 
D'Affui  and  Daffui.  Long.  jo.  55.  E.  Lat, 
10.  25.  N. 

Cape  d'Oro,  the  caftern  point  of  the  ifland 
of  Negroporit,   anciently  called  Promonto- 


CAP 


CAP 


rmm  Ccpharciis,  in  the  ifland  of  Euboea. 
LoJ2g.  24.  40.  E.  Lat.  38.  8.  N. 

Cape  di'l  Oro,  or  Olcrado,  a  cape  on  the 
weth  coull  of  Africa.  Long.  15.  20.  W. 
Lat.  23.  30.  N. 

Cape  Oropefa,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  tl-.c 
coail  of  Valencia.       Loiig.  o.  i.  E.  Lat. 

40.  7.  N. 

Cupe  Orlando,  a  cape  on  the  north  coafl: 
of  the  ifland  of  Sicily.  Long,  14.  41.  E. 
Lat.  38.  15.  N. 

C^zpe  Ortegal,  a  cape  on  the  north-wcfl 
coait  of  Spain,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Long, 
r.  55.  W.  Lai.  43.  46.  N, 

Cape  Oy.dia,  or  Capon  dia,  a  cape  on  the 
e  ft  coaft  of  Tunis.  Lo?ig  11.  z.  E.  Lat. 
30.  45-  N. 

Cape  Oya>L'l>re,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  Spain.     Lo;ig.  4.  i  7.  W.  Lat.  43.  25.  N. 

Cape  Padro?!,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa.     Long.  la.  20.  E.  Lat.  6.  S. 

Cap<:  Palette,  a  cape  on  the  foiith  coaft  of 
the  Lfiand  of  Celebes,  in  Bony  Bay.  Long. 
120.  48.  E.  Lat.  3.  20.  S. 

Cape  Paliniiro,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Na- 
ples.    Long.  15.  10.  E.  Lat.  40.  2.  N. 

Cape  Palh'.ri,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Eu- 
ropean Turkey,  in  the  gulfof  Saloniid.  Long. 
23.  46.  E.  Lat.  39.  50.  N. 

C.^Sc'  Pall.'fer\  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Kew  Britain.  Zcz/t,  151.  25.  E.  Lat. 
4.  22.  S. 

Cape  Pal/lfer,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Eaheinomauwc,  the  northern  ifland  of 
New  Zealand,  and  north-eaft  pointof  Cook's 
Strait.  Long.  183.  58.  W.  1.^/^.41.34.8. 

Cape  Pahna,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  An- 
cona.     Long.  13.  ^c.  E.  Lat.  43.  3.  N. 

Cape  Patma,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa,  in  the  country  of  Angoy.  Lat. 
5.50.S. 

Cape  Paliiias,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the 
Grain  coaft.  Long.  7.  40.  W.  Lat  4.  30.  N. 

Cape  Palniera,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Formcntcra.  Z-5/;r.  i.  30. 
E.  Lat.  38.  42.  N. 

Cape  Palviero,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Sardinia.  Long.  9.  56.  E.  Lat. 
39.  40.  N. 

Cape  Pahnerficn,  a  ca]-'e  on  tlie  north- 
caft  coaft  of  New  Holland.  J^ong.  210. 
54.  W.  L^at.  21.  30.  S. 

Cape  Paliniras,  fee  Point  Pahnlras. 

Cape  Palo,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Albania, 
in  the  Adriatic.     Long.  19.  10.  E.     Lat. 

41.  44.  N. 

Cape  Pahs,  a  cape  of  Sp.Ji,  on  tlie  coaft 
ofMurcia.  Z-^;;^.  o.  48.  W.  Lat.  ^j.^y.'N. 

Cape  Panthii.,  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
IMinorca.  Long.  4.  7.  E.  Lat.  40.  4.  N. 

Cape  Partridge,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  Newfoundland.  Long.  56. ^iM.  Lat. 
15.15.N. 

Cape  Pa  fine,  a  cape  on  th.c  fouth  coaP::  of 


Perfia,  In  the  Arabian  fea.  L^ong.  63.  E. 
Lat.  25.  ID.  N. 

Cape  Pajlui,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Peru. 
Lat.  o.  30.  S. 

Cape  Pajfaro,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-eafl 
coaft  of  Sicily.  Off  this  coaft  Sir  George 
Byng  dcftroyed  the  Spanifli  fleet  in  1718. 
Lo'?g.  15.5.  E.  Lat.  36.  :^s-  N. 

Cape  Patang,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Cjchin-China.     Long.  10^. ^i.E.  Lat.  14. 

38.  N. 

Cape  Pafan:,.  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coafl 
ofMcilacca.  Long.ioi.s6.E.  Lat. 7. ic.'N. 

Cape  Patience,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Saghalicn.     Lat.  49.  N. 

Cape  Patlera,  a  c^pe  on  the  Ibuth-coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Celebes,  in  Bony  Bay.  Long. 
120^  57-E.  Lat.  3.  43.  S. 

Cape  Paiifdtppo,  a  cape  in  the  bay  of  Na- 
ples.    2  miles  W.  Naples. 

Cape  Pecora,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  iland  of  Sardinia.  Long.  8.  27.  E.  Lat. 

39.  27.  N. 

Cape  Peda,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Cyprus.  Long.  34.  55.  E.  Lat. 
2.5.  30.  N. 

Cape  Pegnar,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  ox  Afturia.  Long.  S'53-  W.  Lat.  43 . 
41.  N. 

Cape  Pegnas,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Terra  del  Fuego.  Long.  ■]c.  xG.\Y.  Lat. 
53.  50.E. 

Cape  Pelcgr'mo,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Lefina,  in  the  Adriatic. 
Zj;/^.  16.  26.  E    Z-^/.  43.  40.  N. 

Cape  Peloro,  the  north-eaft  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Sicily,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Straits  of  Meflina.  Long.  16.  E.  Lat.  38. 
15.  N. 

Cape  Pelofo;  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Zante.     Lat.  37.  50.  N. 

Cape  Pejnaquld,  a  cape  of  America,  on 
the  coaft  of  Maine.  Long.  69.  27.  W.  Lat. 
43.^48.  N. 

Cape  Pen.'hrcke,  a  cape  in  the  north  part 
of  Hudfon's  Bay.  Zo;/j.  83.  19.  W.  Lat. 
62.  51. N. 

Cape  Pera,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Majorca.  Long.  3.27.E.  I.,at. 
39-  4--.  N. 

Cape  Perpctna,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 


of  North-xVmerica.     Lf. 


-3-   56.   W, 


Lat.  44.  6.  N. 

Cape  Perpignaiif  a  cape  on  the  north-weft 
coaft  of  Minorca.  Long.  3.  48.  E.  Lat. 
40.  6.  N. 

Cape  Pet  era,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Natolia.     Long.  26.  5  7.  E.   Lat.  37. 2.  N. 

Capz  Petra,  or  Olivier,  a  cape  on  the 
fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Metelin.  Long. 
26.  24. E.  Lat.  39.  5.N. 

Cape  Phalaf.a,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Negropont.  Long.  zi.  i,%. 
E,  /-<?/.  ;8.  >-i.N. 


CAP 

Cape  Philip,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
New  Georgia.  Long.  i6c.  51.  E.  Lat.  ic. 
34.  S. 

Cape  Phipps,  a  cape  on  the  weft  ccaft 
of  North-America,  at  the  entrance  into  Beer- 
ing's  Bay.  Long.  140.  W.  Z-?^^.  59.  36.  N. 

Cape  Pillar,  a  cape  on  the  north-weft 
coaft  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  forming  the  fouth- 
weft  point  of  entrance  into  the  Straits  of 
Magellan  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  a 
very  high  land,  or  rather  a  mafs  of  rocks 
which  terminate  in  two  cliffs  formed  in  the 
Ihape  of  towers,  inclining  to  north-weft,and 
making  the  extremity  of  the  cape.  Long. 
76.  40.  W.  La'.  52.  45.  S. 

Cape  Pinar,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft  coaft 
of  Majorca.  Zu;?^.  3.  13.  E.  Z^/.  39.53.  N. 

Cape  Pine,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
K'ewfoundland.  Long.  ^i.%o.  W.  Lat. 
46.  42.  N. 

Cape  Pifello,  fee  Cape  Karetnpi. 

Cape  Pitt,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
lS''orth- America. in  Dixon'sEntrance.  Long. 
^    132.  10.  W.     Zrt/.  54.  50.  N. 

Cape  Pitt,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
New  Georcia.  ii^//^.  158.  29.  E.  Lat. 
'     8.55.S. 

Cape  Pitlari,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Calabria,  in  the  Straits  of  Meflina.  Lo7ig. 
15.59.  E.  Lat.  37.59.  N. 

Cape  Plata,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
of  Andalufia,  at  the  entrance  into  the  Straits 
of  Gibraltar,  in  the  Atlantic.  Loiig.  5.  i^. 
W.  Lat.  36.  6.N. 

Cape  Point,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Afric?.. 
Long.  3.  W.  Lat.  23.  30.  S. 

Cape  Polo,  or  Piilo,  a  cape  on  the  eaft 
coaft  of  Sardinia,  at  the  fouth  extremity  of 
the  gulfof  Cagliari.  Long.  <).  ^o.Y..  Lat. 
39-  8.  N. 

Cape  Porpoife,'^  cape  of  North-America, 
en  the  coaft  of  Maine.     Long.  70.  23.  W. 

Z.7/.43.2  3-N. 

Cape  Po7-poife,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Patagonia,  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  Long. 
71.  50.  W.  Lat.  52.  56.  S. 

Cape  Prieto,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
ofAfturia.  Zc;;^-.  4.53.W.  Z^/^43.  38.  N. 

Cape  Primiero,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa,  in  the  Atlantic.  Long.  12.  50.  E. 
Lat.  3.  10.  S. 

Cape  Prince  of  Wales,  a  cape  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  North-America.  Long.  168.  15. 
W.  Z;;/.  65.46.  N. 

Cape  Prionino,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
north  coaft  of  Galicia.  Long.  8.  15.  W. 
Lat-M-  2  3.  N. 

Cape  Pricro,  a  cape  ol  Spain,  on  the  north 
rcnl;  coaft  of  Galicia.  Long.  8.  15.  W. 
Lat.  43.  33.  N. 

CapeProhy,  the  north-eaft  point  of  Howe's 
ifland,  one  of  Queen  Charlutte's  iflands,  in 
the  South  Pacilic  Ocean.  Long.  164.31. 
Lat.  II.  3.  S 


CAP 

Cape  Providence,  a  cape  in  the  ftraits  of 
Magellan    Long.^^.i-j.Vs.  Lat.^'i.T^-j.S. 

Cape  Providence,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Oonalaftika,  at  the  entrance  into  Samga- 
noodha  bay,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 
Long.  166.  10.  W.     Lat.  54.  5.  N. 

Cape  Pucalo,  or  St.  Paid,  a  cape  on  the 
Slave  roaft.  Long.  3.  40.  E.    Lat.<,.  58.  N. 

Cape  Paget,  a  cape  on  the  vvreil  coaft  of 
North-America,  and  v/eft  point  of  entrance 
into  Port  Bainbridge.  Lo?:g.  ziz.  cj.  E. 
Lat.  59.  55.  N. 

Cape  Pyla,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  ccrjSi  of 
the  illandof  Cyprus,  anciently  CaWtADades. 
Long.  34. 17.  E.  Lat.  2,5-  59-  N. 

Cape  ^leen  Anne,  a  cape  on  the  Gold 
Coaft,  with  an  Englifti  fort.  Long.  i.  %.  E. 
Lilt.  5.3.  N. 

Cape  ^leyjos,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Bifcay.  Long.  3.  31.  W.  Lat. 
43-30.N. 

Cape  ^iirof,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Efpiritu  Santo,  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean.  Long.  84.  58.  E.  Lat. 
15.44.  S. 

Cape  Qnod,  or  ^tada,  a  cape  on  the  coaft 
of  Patagonia,  in  the  Straits  ot  Magellan. 
Long.  74.  6.  W.  Lat.  ^2''  3i-  S. 

Cape  Race,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-eaft  ccaft 
of  Newfoundland.  In  1755,  the  Alcide  and 
Lys,  tv/o  French  men  of  war,  were  taken 
by  the  Dunkirk,  Capt.  (afterwards  Lord) 
Howe,  and  the  Defiance,  Capt.  Andrews, 
off  this  cape.  Long.  52.  30.  E.  Lat.  46. 
46.  N. 

Cape  Rafael,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  il'land  of  Hifpaniola.  Long.  69.  46.  E. 
Lat.  19.  2.  N. 

Cape  Ravias,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Ma- 
laba.     Long.  73.  2,5'  £•  Lat.  15.  10.  N. 

Cape  Raniada,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  the 
coaft  ofBarca.  Long.  25.  3.E.  Lat.2,^%.  N. 

Cape  Rafal,  or  Rafal-feni,  a  cape  of 
Africa,  on  the  coaft  of  Tripoli.  Long.  zi. 
10.  E.     Lat.  32.  2i(i.  N. 

Cape  Rafalgat,  or  Cape  Rrfalgate,  or 
Rat  Ronje,  a  cape  on  the  eait  coall  of 
Arabia.     Long.  58.  15.  E.     Lat.  22.  25.  N. 

Cape  Rajlailmo,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 
of  Sicily.    X/(5//^.  12.  49.E.  i.'^^  38. 18.N. 

Cape  Rat,  a  cape  of  Africa,  in  the  Red 
fea.     Lat.  14.  55.  N. 

Cape  Ray,  the  fouth-weft  point  of  New- 
foundland.   Long.  t;i).W.    Zi?/.  47.  3a.N. 

(u!pe  Razo,  fee  Cape  Race. 

Cape  Regana,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Majorca.     Long.  2t  42.  E.    Lat.  39.  23.  N._ 

Cape  Reikianefs,  a  crpe  on  the  coaft  ot 
Iceland.  Long.  22.  47.  W.  Lat.  63.  55.  N. 

Cape  Remedios,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coafl 
of  Mexico.  Z/(?;;jr.  93.  5.W.  Zc//.  12.50.N. 

Cape  Rcna,  the  fouth-eaft  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Skvro.  Long.  24.  40.  E.  Lat. 
38.  46.  N. 


CAP 

Ciipe  Remvate,  a  cape  on  the  S.  corifl-  of 
M  idagalcar.   Z/(?;;£f.  46.50.E.  /w?/.  25.8.N. 
Cap;  Ref'.liUlon^  a  cape  near  the  cait  en- 
trance of  Hudlbn's  Straits.     Long.  65.  15. 
W.     Z<7^.  6t.  29.N. 

C'jps  R'nicon,  a  cape  on  the  coafl:  of  Porto 

Rico.    L'jvg.  67.  45.  W.     Lat.  13.  28.  N. 

C.ipe  Rivers,  the  north-weft  point  ot  the 

ifland  of  Celebes.     Long.  120  30.  E.     Lat. 

I.  25.  N. 

Cape  Rizzitto,  a  cape  on  thecoaft  of  Ca- 
labria.    Lovg.  17.  2i;.E.     Lat.  38.  57.  N. 

Cape  de  la  Roche,  a  c^pe  on  the  north 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Kifnaniola,  Long. 
70.  35.  "\V.     Lat.  19.  42.  N. 

Cape  Roca,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Portugal,  called  generally  by  the  Englilh 
failors,  77'!?  Rock  of  Lifoon.  Long.^.  34. 
Vv*.     itf/".  38.  45-N. 

Cape  Rjch,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Majorca.     Long.  t,.  s-^-  La'.  2.<i-A'^-^- 

Cape  Rodney,  a  cape  of  New  Zealand, 
being  the  NW.  point  of  the  entrance  into 
the  river  Thames.  Long.  184. 53.  W.  Lat. 
36.  IS.  S.  '  -, 

Cape  Rodney,  fee  Point  Rodney. 
Cape  Rodoni,  a  cnpe  on  the  coaft  of  Al- 
bania,  in   the  Adriatic.     Long.  19.  16.  E. 
Lat.  41.  ss-  N. 

Cape  Roklt,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
Africa,  at  the  entrance  into  the  Straits  of 
Babelmandcb.  60  miles  W.  Cape  Guardafui. 

Ci7/!i?i?^;;/.'7//7,  a  cape  on  the  foutlicoaft  of    Patagoni:i.    Long.d^.  T^t^.'^.  Lat.  s^-  S4'S. 

Madagafcar.  Z5^^.49.  29.E.  Z,rt/.25.38.S.        Cape  St.  AleJJlo,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  ccail 

Cape  Roman,  a  rape  on  the  weft  coaft  of    of  Sicily.     Long.  15.  38.  E.  Lat.  37.  90.  N. 

Eaft-Florida.  Long.%^.^y~'^ . Lat, 25.40.N.        CapeSt.Andre-jj,  a  cape  on  the  w'cft  coaft 

Cape   Roman,  a   cape   on   the  coaft   of    of  Madagafcar.      Lo7:g.  45.  26.  E.    Lat. 

Chili,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean.     Long.    16.  10.  S. 

76.  40.  W.  Lat.  48.  20.  S.  _  ^CapeSt.Andreiv,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 

Cape  Romania,   the  fouth-eaft   point  of    of  Patagonia.      Long.   Go.    18.  W.    Lat. 

Malacca.     Long.  104. 15.  E.  Lat.  i.  18.  N.    38.45.  S. 

Cape  Roqiie,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Brafil. 
Long.  35.  40.  V/.  Lat.  5.  S. 

Cope  Rofn,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Algiers. 
Long.  8.  ■?,  E.  Lat.  37.  2.  N. 
Cape  Rofidgate,  fee  Rafalgat. 
Cape  R'jfani,   a  cape   on   the   coaft   of 
Romania,  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago.  Long. 
24.  14.  E.  Lat.  40.  35.  N. 

Cape  Rojicres,  a  c^pe  of  Canada,  in  the 
river  St.  Laurence.  Long.  63.  40. \V.  Lat. 
48.  56.  N. 

Cape  Rojito,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Calabria.     Long.  16,  40.  E.  Lat.  40.  5.  N. 
Cape  Roffb,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  ot  the 
ifland  of  Metelin.     Lat.  39.  18.  N. 

Cape  Rouge,  or  Ras  el  Hanirah,  ?.  cape 
on  the  coaft  of  Algiers.  Long.  ".  42.  £. 
Za„^37.5.N. 

Cape  Round,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Pata- 
gonia, in  the  Straits  of  Magellan.    Long. 
71.32.  W.  Lat.  SI'  47-  S. 
Cape  Roux,  a  cape  of  Africa,  or.  the  coaft 
Vol.  I.  ii  h 


CAP 

ofTuhls.    Long.S.22.E.  Lat:  n.  ib.^l^. 

Cape  Ro\o,  a  caoc  un  ihc  iouth-.voft  coalt 
of  Porto  Rico.  Z'w;f.  6c.  fo.  W.  Ljr 
18.^1.  N.  -       J     J 

^Cape  Roxo,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
o  Valencia.  Long.o.s'o.'W.  Lat.  ^,7. s^-N. 

Cape  Roxo,  the  fouth-eaft  point  "of  a  fniall 
iflmd  m^the  gulf  of  Mexico,  lying  before 
the  mouth  oi  the  river  Panuco.  Lonv.  160. 
II.  Vv''.  Laf.  22.  30.  Is"". 

Cape  Roxo,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa.     Long.  16.  ^S-  W.  Lat.iz.  15.  N. 

Cape  Rozctt,  a  cape  on  the  weftern  coaft 
of  Franc:.     Leng.  2.  o.Vv^.  Laf.  49.  28.  N. 

Cape  Rozier,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Ca- 
nad.-,  in  the  gulf  of  St,  La^irence.  q  miles 
W.  Cape  Gafpe. 

Cape  Rulio,  a  cape  on  the  north-weft  coaft 
cfthe  ifland  of  Iviga.  Long.  i.  21.  E.  Lat. 
39. 5. N. 

Cape  Runa^jjay,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  N-w  Zealand.  Long.  181.  48.  Vv'. 
Lat.  37.  32.  S. 

Cape  Ruypcrez,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa.     Lat.  i3.  20.  S. 

Cape  Sable,  a  cape  on  the  S.  coaft  of  Nova 
Scona.     Long.  65.  40.  W.  Lat.  43.  32.  N. 

Caps  Sable,  the  fouth  pointof  Eaft'-Florida. 
Lo?!^g.  81.  49-  W.  Lat.  24.  57.  N. 

Cape  Sacratif,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  coaft 
of  Grenada.  Z-<?//^.  3.  20.W.  Z^/'.36.4o.N. 

Cape  St.  Agnes,  a   cape  on   the  coaft  of 


Cape  St.  Angelo,  fee  Cape  Malio. 

Cape  St.  Ann,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Nova 
Scotia,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Lau- 
rence.    Long.  63.  43.  V/.  Lat.  48.  29.  N. 

Cape  St.  Ann,  a  cape  in  the  Stiaits  of 
Magellan.     Long.7i.2%.V^ .  Lat.  53.  42.  S. 

Cape  St.  Ann,  a  cape  on  the  weit  coaft 
of  Africa,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Scherbro. 
Lat.  7.  5.  N. 

Cape  St.  Anna,  a  cnpe  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Patagonia,  in  the  Atliintic.     Laf.  2,1.  8.  S. 

Cape  St.  Anthony,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
ofNewfoundUnd,  Long.sG.W.  Lat.si.'N.. 

Cape  St.  Anthony,  the  north-weft  point  of 
Sraten  Land,  in  the  Straits  of  Le  Maire. 
Lo7ig.  63.  47-  W^  Lat.  54.  46.  S. 

Cape  St.  Anthony,  :ic:i^.^  on  the  fcuth  coaft 
of  Arabia.     Long.  44.  E.  Laf.  12.  32.  N, 

Cape  St.  Antonio,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Valencia.  Lomr.  o.  1.  E.  Laf. 
38.  50.N. 

Cape  Si.  AnioniOi  a  caps  of  the  eaft  ccaft 


CAP 


CAP 


©f  South-America,  on  the  foi:th  of  the  rirer 
Plata.    Z(j//^r.  55.  45- W.  Zr?;.  36.  jc.N. 

Cape  Sf.Jntonio,  the  weflern  extremity 
of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  Lo7ig.  85.  26.  W. 
Laf.  zz.  10.  S. 

Cape  Si.  Jnton'ny  a  cape  on  the  north- 
weft  coaft  of  Staten  Land.     Lat.  54. 45-  S. 

Cape  St.  Antonio^  the  north  point  of  the 
idand  of  Rhodes.  Lo7ig.  a;.  45-  E.  Lat. 
1%.  z%.  N. 

Cape  St.  JpoUonta,  fee  Cape  Apollvna. 

Cape  St.  Augujline,  a  cape  on  weft  coaft 
ofMadagaf-ar.  Long.i,^.  4.E.Z^/.2.^.35.S. 

■CapeAuguJihie,  a  cape  on   the  fouth-caft 
■  coaft  of  the"  ifland  of  Mindanao.   Long.  126. 
47.  E.i^/.  6.  5.  N. 

Cape  St.  Avgnjtine,  a  cape  of  Brafil. 
Lof!g.  35.  5.  W.  Z/«^.  8.  48.  S. 

Cape  St.  Barnabas,  a  cape  on  the  fouth- 
eaft  coaft  of  an  ifland  called  Kodiak,  in  the 
North  Pacific  Ocean.  Long.  151.  40.  W. 
Lat.  57.  13.  N. 

Cape  St.  Bartholojne'vj,  a  cape  on  the 
SW.  coaft  of  Staten  Land.     Lat.  54.  58.  S. 

Cape  St.  Bias,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
the  ifthmus  of  Darien.  Loiig.  79.  14.  W. 
Lat.  9.  36.  N. 

Cape  St.  Bias,  or  Blaz,  a  cape  on  the 
coaft  of  Florida,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 
Long.  8j-.  35.  W.  Lat.  29.  44.  N. 

Cape  St  Bias,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa.     Lat.  10  S. 

Cape  St.  Catallna,  a  caps  on  the  fouth- 
weft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Madre  de  Dios. 
Lat.  51.  30.  S. 

Cape  St.  Catharine,  a  cape  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  Africa.    Lat.  2.  20.  S. 

Cape  St  Clara,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa.     Long.  11.  15.  E.  Lat.  o.  30.  N. 

Cape  St  Diego,  the  low  point  of  land  that 
forms  the  north  entrance  of  the  Straits  of 
Le  Maire.  Long.  65. 14.  W.  Lat.  ^4.  3$.  S. 

Cape  St  Epiphany,  or  St  Pijano,  the 
north-weft  point  of  the  ifland  xif  Cyprus, 
anciently  called  Acamus.  Long.  32.  13. 
E.  Lat.  i$.  25.  N. 

Cape  St  Efprit,  the  north-eaft  point  of 
the  ifland  of  Samar,  one  of  the  Philippines. 
Long.  124.  56.  E.  Lat.  12.  30.  N 

Cape  St.  Francis,  a  cape  of  Newfound- 
land, at  the  foiith  of  the  entrance  into  Con- 
ceptionBay.  Long. ^z.zs-V^ .  Lat. /i^t . ^4.1>i . 

Cape  St.  Fraficis,  a  cape  on  the  eaft 
coaft  of  Labrador.  Long.  $5-  28.  W.  Lat. 
52.4.5-  N. 

Cape  St.  Franc: fco,  a  cape  on  tlie  coaft 
of  Peru.     Z.<7/.  o.  4c.  N. 

Cape  St.  George,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  NevvfoundJand.  Long.  59.  W.  Lat.  48. 
30.   N. 

Cape  St.  George,  the  fouthern  extremity 
of  the  ifland  of  New  Ireland.  Long.  152. 
ij.  E.  Lat.  5.  S. 


Cape  St.  Giacome,  a  cape  of  Naples,  in 
the  gulf  of  Tarento,  on  the  coaft  of  Cala- 
bria,    Jjong   17.  13.  E.  Lat.  39.  39.  N. 

Cape  St.  Giorgio,  the  weftern  extrem;ty 
of  the  iflar.d  of  Curzola.  Long.  16.  42.  E. 
Lat.  43.  21.  N. 

Cape  St.  Gregory,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Newfoundland.  Lo7ig.  58.  23.  W.  Lat. 
49.  20.  N. 

Cape  St.  Helen,  or  Cape  Redondo,  a  cape 
of  South-America,  in  the  Atlantic.  Long, 
67.  34.  VV.  Lat.  44.  20.  S. 

Cape  St.  Helena,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Scio.  Long.  26.  9.  E.  Lat. 
38.  19.  N. 

Cape  St.  Helena,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Patagonia.     Lat.  44.  40.  S. 

Cape  St.  Hentiogenes,  a  cape  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  North-America.  Lo?:g.  207.  42.  E. 
Lat.  58.  15.  N. 

Cape  St.  James,  the  fouthern  extremity 
of  Queen  Charlotte's  Ifland,  difcovcred  by 
Captain  Dixon,  in  1787,  on  the  25th  July, 
whence  its  name.  Captain  Vancouver  fixes 
the  fituation  in  Long.  229.  6.  E.  Lat.  51. 
58.  N. 

Cape  St.  yanies,  a  cape  on  the  coaft'  of 
Chiampa,  in  fche  Chinefe  fea.  Long.  106. 
43.  E.  Lat.  10.  32.  N. 

Cape  St.  Inesy  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Terra  del  Fuego.     Lat.  <;4.  16.  S. 

Cape  St.  "John,  the  eaft  point  of  the  ifland 
of  Staten  Land,  in  the  South  Atlantic 
Ocean,  eaft  ward  of  the  Straits  of  La  Maire. 
It  is  compofed  of  a  rock  of  a  coniiderable 
height,  and  a  rocky  iflct  lying  clofe  to  the 
north  part.   Z5VJ.64.  7.  AV.  Lat.  54.  "Z.  S. 

Cape  St.  John,  a  cape  on  the  wefl  coaft 
of  Africa.     Long.  11.  8.  E.  Lat.  1.3.  N. 

Cape  St.  John,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  Newfoundland.  Long,  ss-  30.  W. 
Lat.  5c.  10.  N. 

Cape  St.  John,  the  north-eaft  point  of 
the  ifland  of  Nicaria.  Long.  26.  ai.  E. 
Lat.  37.  48.  N. 

Cape  St.  John,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Rhodes.  Long,  27.  37.  E. 
Lat.  36.  9.  N. 

Cape  St.  "John,  fee  Cape  Crio. 

Cape  St.  Julien,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Patagonia,  atthcentrance  of  St.  Julien's  Bay. 

Cape  St  Laurence,  a  cape  on  the  north- 
well  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cape  Breton. 
Long.  60.  10.  W.  Lat.  47.  2.  N. 

Cape  St  Laurence,  a  cape  on  the  ifthmus 
of  Darien,  in  tlie  bay  of  Panama.  Long. 
80.  25.  W.  Lat.  7.  40.  N. 

Cape  St.  Laurence,  or  St.  Lormzo,  a  cape 
on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  \%  miles  S.  Callao. 

Cape  St.  Louis,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Labrador.   Long.  r^^.  2c.  W.  Lat. sz.  SS-"^' 

Cape  St.  Lorenzo,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  wf 
Peru.  Lat.  1.5.  S. 


CAP 

Caps  St.  Lorenzo,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Sardinia.  Lo?:^.  q.  53.  E.  Laf.  39  34.  N. 

Cape  Si.  Lucas,  ice  d^pe  Lucis,  the 
moft  foutherly  point  of  land  on  tiic  penin- 
Tula  of  California.  Long.  109.  44.  "W.Lat. 
iz.  s^.  N. 

Cape  St.  LzicLt,  a  cape  on  the  foulh-eaft 
coaft  of  Africa.  Lo>?g. 2?,.S.E.  Lat.t?,.^!.'^^ 

Cape  St.  Mclrco,  a  c;ipe  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Sicily.     Long.  13.  5.  E.  Lat.  37.  29.  N. 

Cape  St  Marco,  a  cape  on  the  welt  coaft 
of  Sardinia.     Long.  8.  n-  E.  Lat.  39.52.N. 

Cape  St.  Maria,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil,  on  the  north  of  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Plata.     Z-we.  37.  46.  W.  Z«/.  35.  S. 

Cape  St.  Mark,  a  cape  on  tlie  weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Hifpaniola.  Long.  73.  ^55. 
W.  Lat.  19.  3.  N. 

Cape  St.  Mat  tin,  a  cape  on  the  fouth 
coaft  of  Africa,  near  the  cape  of  Good 
Hope.     Zo«e- 12.  58.  E.  Lat.  32.  8.  S. 

Cape  St.  Martin,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Spiin,  anciently  called  Promontorium 
Hemonfcopiiim,  near  Denia. 

Cap;  St.  Mm-y,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Caes.  Long.  7 .  4.  W.  Lat. 
o€.j6.S. 

Cape  St  Mary,  a. cape  of  Newfoundland. 
Lo'!^.  S2-  5S'  ^-  Lat.  46.  47.  11. 

Cape  St.  Maty,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Natolia.    Long.  27   3.  E.Lat.  37.  37.N. 

Cape  St.  Mary,  a  cape  on  the  fouthern 
coaft  of  Madagafcar.  Long.  45.  15.  E.  Lat. 
25.  42.  S. 

Cape  St.  Mary,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Africa.   Long.  16.  35.  W.  Lat.  13.  30.  N. 

Cape  St.  Mary,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Plata. 
Long.  S5-  16.  W.  Lat.  :is-  S. 

Cape  St.  Mary,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Nova  Scotia.  Long.  66.  15.  W.  Lat 
43-56.N. 

Cape  St.  Mary  de  Leiica,  a  cape  of  Na- 
ples, at  the  north-eaft  point  of  the  entrance 
into  the  gulf  of  Tarento.  Long.  18.  26.  E. 
Lat.  39.  45.  N. 

Cape  St.  Mary,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  New 
Ireland.     Long.   152.  41.  E.  //<?/.  4.  32.  S. 

Cape  St.  Mary,  a  cape  on  tlie  fouth-eaft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Metclin.  Lat.  39. 8.  N. 

Cape  St.  Nicholas,  a  cape  on  the  north- 
weft  coaft  of  Hifpaniola.  Here  is  a  town 
which  confifts  of  about  z^'^  houfes,  which 
are  chiefly  built  of  American  wood.  It  is 
fituated  at  the  foot  of  a  high  bluff"  called 
the  Mole,  but  having  been  a  free  port  it  was 
a  place  of  conliderable  trade,  and  particu- 
larly reforted  to  by  the  ftiips  of  America. 
It  is  chiefly  known  however  for  the  fafety 
and  extent  of  its  harbour,  which  is  juftly 
cafled  the  key  of  the  windward  paflage; 
and  the  fortifications  towards  the  fca  are 
reckoned  the  ftrongeft  in  the  Weft-Indies. 

H  h  % 


CAP 

On  the  fjdc  of  thcland  they  are  overlooked 
by  the  furrounding  height,  and  hence  it 
is  concluded,  that  alhough  it  n^'gh'  be  dif- 
ficult to  take  the  place,  it  v/ould  be  more 
difficult  to  retain  it  afterwards.  .  Long.  73. 
37.  W.  Lat.  19.  51.  N. 

Cape  St.  Nicoh,  a  cape  on  the  north-weft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Scio.  Long.  25.  44. 
E.  Lat.  38.  40.  N. 

Cape  St.  Nicolo,  a  cape  ori  the  weft  coaft  of 
Sardinia.     Lo'ig.  8.  28.  E.  Lat.  39.  25.  N. 

Cape  St.  Paul,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Guinea.     Long.  o.  20.  E    Lat.  5.  50.  N. 

Cape  St.  Pedro,  a  cane  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Catalonia.  Long.  1.40.  E.Lat.  41. 
15.  N. 

Cape  St.  Plfatio,  fee  Cape  St.  Ep-phaiiy. 

Capt  St.  Pola,  or  St.  Paul,  a  cape  of 
Valencia.     Long.  o.  38.  W.  Lat.  38. 13.  N. 

Cape  St.  Rento,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Milo.  Long  24.  2Z-  E. 
Lat.  36.  10.  N. 

Cape  St.  Ps.cca,  a  Cape  on  the  wefi  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Elba.  Long.  10. 15.  E.  Lat. 
42.45-N. 

Cape  St.  Rotnain,  fee  Cape  Romatn. 

Cape  St.  Roman,  a  cape  of  South-America, 
at  the  extremity  of  a  peninfula,  on  the  coall 
pi  Terra  Firma,  extending  about  30  miles 
in  length,  north  from  the  town  of  Veneziiela, 
and  about  15  in  breadth.  Long,  of  the  cape 
69.  58.  \V.  Lat.  II.  12.  N. 

Cage  St.  Roque,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil.     Long.  34.  46.  W.  Lat.  5.  21.  S. 

Cape  St.  Sebajtian,  a  cape  on  the  coaft 
of  California.     Lmg.  126.  W.  Lat.  43.  N. 

Cape  St.  SelaJIian,  a  cape  on  tlie  north 
coaft  of  Madagafcar.  Long.  54.  44.  E. 
Lat.  II.  20.  S. 

Cape  St.  Sehajlian,  a  cape  on  the  eaft 
ccaft  of  Africa,   Long.  j,2,.  20.  E.  Lat.  22.  S. 

Cape  St.  Sehajiian,  a  cape  of  Spain,  oh 
the  eaft  coaft  of  Catalonia.  Long.  3.  o.  E. 
Lat.  41.  52.  N. 

Cape  St  Telia,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Sardinia.   Lo>!g.  9.  20.  E.  Lat.  39,  20.  N. 

Cape  St.  Thotnas,  a  cape  on  the  coait 
of  Brafil.    Long.i^x.W    Lat.  zi.  so.  S. 

Cape  St.  Todero,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Sicily.     Lottg.  12.  39.  E,  Lat.  37.57.N- 

Cape  St.  Viticent,  the  fouth-v/eli  point  of 
Portugal.     Lotig.  9.  5,  W.  Lat.  37.  2.  N. 

Cape  St.  Vincent,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Madagafcar.  Long.  43.  50.  E.  Lat. 
■25.38.S. 

Cape  St.  Vincent,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coait 
of  Terra  del  Fuego.     Lat.  54.  25.  S. 

Cape  di  St.  Vito,  the  north-wcff  point  of 
the   ifland  of  Sicily.      Lon?-.    12.   41.  E 

Z^/.  38.  I2.^N. 

Cape  St.  Ziiane,  a  cape  on  the  nortli  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Candy.  Lorrs.  :^.  41.  £, 
Lat.  3;.  i;.  N. 


CAP 


Cape  Sjtbnken,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coafl 
of  the  iOand  of  Cekb^s,  in  Bony  Bay.  Long, 
lie.  48.  E.  Ljt.  4.  15.  S. 

Cape  ^alatan,  a  cape  on  the  fou'h  coaft 
of  Borneo.'   Long.  114.E.  Lat.  4.  10.  S. 

Cape  Salinas,  a  cape  on  the  louth  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Majorca.  Long.  3.  o.  E.  Lat. 
39.  16.  N. 

Cape  Salinas,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
South-America.  Long.  6a.  16.  W.  Lat. 
xo.  40.  N. 

Cape  SuUnas,  or  di  Salines,  fee  Point  de 

Salines.  .  ,      ^     , 

Cape  Salon,  7L  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  louth- 
eaft  coaft  of  Catalonia.  Lojig.  i.b.Y..  Lat. 
41-6.  N.  .^     _, 

Cape  Samana,  at  the  eaft  end  of  tne  ifland 
ofSamana.  Lon7.(i<).  ii.W.  Lat.  19.13.N. 

Cape  Sambhdr,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-weft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Borneo.  Long.  109. 
JO.  E.  Lat.  2.  5a. S. 

Cape  Samhoangan,  a  cape  on  the  fouth- 
weft  coaft  of  Mindanao.  Long.  i%z.  10.  E. 
Lat.  6.  43.  N. 

Cape  Samhro,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-eaft  coaft 
of  Nova  Scotia.  On  it  is  a  light-houfc. 
Long.  6:,.  22.  ^V.  i.(z/.  44- 30.  N. 

Cape  Sajnos,  the  weft  point  of  the  ifland    gcllan. 
ofSamos.    /.a;;^.  26.  33.  E.  L.;/'.  37. 47-N.        Cape^ 

Cape  Sa7npanwango„\.\\enonh-\v&]\.  point    mity  of  the  ifland  of  Corfu.     Long.  19 
of  the  ifland  of  Borneo.     i>5«j.  116.  51.  E.    E.    /.<3/.  37.  53.  N. 
Lat.  7.N.  Cape  Sidcro,  the  north-eaft  extremity  of 

Cape  Sanchelle,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Por-    the  ifland  of  Candy.    Lat.  Z5'  1-  N. 
tugal.     2  miles  SE.  Capf;  Roca.  Cape  Sidney,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 

Cape  Sandana,  the  north-eaft  point  of  tlie    New  Georgia.  Lon.g.idi.'j.'E.  Lat.  jo 


CAP 

Cape  Sciglio,  a  cape  en  the  weft  coaft  of 
Nap'c^,  at  the  entrance  into  the  Stvaiis'of 
MeHiiia.     Long.  16.  i.  E.  Lat.  38.  12- N. 

Cape  Scot,  a  cape  on  the  north-wefl  coitft 
of  Quadra  and  Vancouver's  ifland.  Long. 
231- 40- E    Z(7/.  50.  48.  N. 

Cape  Scgnndo,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Af  ica.    I^ong,  13.20.  E.  Lac.  3.4c.  S. 

Cape  Serdze  Kamen,  a  cape  on  the  north- 
eaft  coaft  of  Ruflia.  Long.  t8o.  11.  E. 
Lat.  67.  10.  N. 

Cape  Serra,  a  cape  of  Algiers.  Long.  9, 
20.  E.  Lat.  37.  18.  N. 

Cape  Serraina,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Sardinia.  Long.  9.  31.  E. 
Lat.  39.  23. N. 

Cape  Serras,  a  cape  on  the  fouthern  coaft 
of  Africa.    Long.  23.  45.  \\.  Lat.  33.  45.  S. 

Cape  Serras,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa.  ■  Long.  14.  10.  E.  Lat.  21.  45.  S. 

Cape  Shallo-M-lVater,  a  cape  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  North-America.  Long.  i^i.  so  W. 
Lat.  63.8.  N. 

Cape  Shoahvater,  a  cape  on  tlie  weft  coaft 
of  North-America.  Long.  236.  E.  Lat. 
4^).  42.  N.  _ 

Cape  Shutup,  a  c?.pe  in  the  Straits  of  Ma- 
Lo?ig.  71.  32.  W.  I,at.  s?-,'  54'  S. 
^■,lari,  or  Sidero,  the  north  extrq:- 

52- 


ifland  of  Java.  Long.  114.  zs-  E.  Lat. 
7.  40.  S. 

Cape  Sanderrocel,  a  cape  of  the  fouth- 
weft  coaft  of  Majorca.  Long.  2.  40.  E. 
Lat.z9'  27. N. 

Cupc  Sandy,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  ccaft  cf 
New    Holland.     Long.  206.  5.  W.    Lat. 

24.  45- S. 

Cape  Sandivich,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  New  Holland.     Long.  213. 45-  W. 

Lett.  18.28.  s 


Cape  Sigri,  the  nort!i-weft  point  of  the 
ifland  of  xMetelin.     Z.t/.  39.  a6.N. 

Cape  Sihel,  the  moft  uefterly  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Cerrtin,  one  of  the  Moluccas.  Long. 
i;.6.5o.E.  Lat- A.  S. 

Cape  Silleyro,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  weft 
co.'il  of  Galicia.  /.c;;^;.  8. 54.W.  Lat.  42. 7.  N. 

Cape  Sina,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  Sar- 
dinia.    Long.  9.  58.  E.  Lat.  40.  7.N. 

Cape  Sifar,  a  cape  on  the  north-weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Borneo.     Long.  iia.  20.  E. 


Cape  Sa'-ta,  or  Cape  Ken,  or  Ras  d  Chan,    Lat.  3.  40.  N 


a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  Pcriia,  in  tlic 
Perfian  gulf.     Lat.  28.  12.  N. 

Cape  Sa[Tifo,?.  cape  on  the  north  coafl:  of 
the  ifland  of  Candy,  anciently  Promontorium 
Dion.     Long.  24.  56.  E.  Lat._2,S-''-(^'  N. 

CapeSatalan,  a  cape  on  the  Ibuthern  coaft 
of  Borneo.    Long.  114.  50.E.  ///?/.  4. 13.  S. 

Cape  Saunders,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  South  Georgia.  Long.  36.  5  7.  W. 
Lat.  54.  10.  S. 

Cape  Saunders,  a  cape  of  New  Zealand, 
on  the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Tavai- 
Poe-nanimoo.      Long.   189.   4.   Vv\    Lat. 

Cape  Scaranns,  a  cape  on  the  louth  coaft 
of  Sicily.     Long.  14.  24.  E.  Lat.  36.  33.  N. 


Cape  Sitoe,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Sumatra.  Long.  97.  11.  E. 
Lat.  2.  12.  N. 

Cape  Skillo,  or  Cape  Dainela,  a  cape  on 
the  eaft  coaft  of  Greece.  Long.  23.  36.  £• 
Lat.  37.  26.  N. 

Cape  Sniall  Point,  a  cape  of  North-Ame- 
rica, on  the  coaft  of  Maine.  I^oTig.  69.  50. 
W.J.at.  43.  38.  N. 

Cape  Smith,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Hiidion's  Bay.  Long.  79. 40.  W.  Lat.  6 1 .  N._ 

Cape  Sm'.aky,  a  cape  on  liie  eait  coaft  ot 
New  Hulland.  Long-  153.5.E.  Z.^/.30.4.^-S. 

Cape  So:ith,  the  fou'hern  point  of  New 
Zealand,  in  the  South  P.icilic  Ocean.  Long. 
192.  W.  Lat.  42.  20.  S. 


CAP 


CAP 


Cctpe  South,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Morocco.    Lcit.  32.  30  N. 

Cape  South,  the  Ibuthern  extremity  of 
New  Holland.  .Long.  146.  56.  E.  Ldt. 
43.  42.  S. 

Cape  South-WeJ},  a  cape  on  the  fjuth 
coail  of  New  Holhmd.     Lorig.  146.  7.  E. 

Lat.  i,z- il-'^- 

Cape  Southampto?:,  a  cape  in  the  northern 
part  of  Hudfon's  Bay.  Long.  86.  30.  W. 
Lat.  62.  10.  N. 

Cape  Spada,  a  cape  en  the  caft  coaft  of 
Kifpaniola.  Long.  67.  56.  W.  Lat.  18. 
20.  N. 

t'rtj^iT  Spac/a,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Candy,  anciently  called  Pro- 
niontoiium  Pfacum.     Long.  23.38.  E.  Lat. 
.  25-  45-  N. 

Cape  S parte!,  a  cape  of  Africa,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Strriits  of  Gibraltar,  between 
Arzilla  and  Tangier.  Long.  5.  10.  W. 
X-?/.  35.48.  N. 

Caf>e  Spartivenio,  a  cape  at  the  fouth-eaft 
extremity  of  Cahibria  Ultra.  Long.  16.  28. 
E.  Lat.  37.  50.  N. 

Cape  Spaii,  the  north  point  of  the  iiland 

ofCerigo.    Z;;/;^.  22.  49.E.  //rfi*.  36.34. N. 

Cape  Spear,  a  oupe  on  the  eaft   coaft  of 

Newfoundland.     Long.  52.  13.  \V.    Lat. 

47.34.N. 

Cape  Spencer,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
North-America,  formerly  the  weft  point  or 
entrance  into  Crofs  Sound,  fo  called  by  Capt. 
Vancouver,  in  honour  of  Earl  Spencer. 
Long.  223.  36.  E.  Laf.  58.  13.  N. 

Cape  Stephens-,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
New  Zealand,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 
Long.  174.  5.  E.  Lat.  40.  36.  S. 

Cape  Stephens,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
New  Britain.     Long.  151.  E.  Lat.  3.  r^.  S. 

Cape  Stephens,  a  cape  on  the  weft  cuatl  of 
North-America,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 
Long.  197.  41.  E.  Lat.  63.  2<i-  N. 

Cape  Stiga,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Natolia.     Lat.  39.  18.  N. 

Cape  St.'/o,  a  cape  of  Niples,  on  the  eaft 
coaft  of  Calabria.  Long.  16.  52.  E.  Lat. 
38.27.  N. 

Cape  Sirah,  a.  c?.pe  on  the  coaft  of  Egypt. 
J^»/-  33- 43-  E.  Lat.  31.  5- N. 

Cape  Subiba,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
ofMurcia.  Long.  i.  20.W.  Lat.  37.  30.  N. 
Cape  Saccefs,ox  Cape  Good  Suca-fs,  a  cape 
on  the  foiith  coaft  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  in 
the  Straits  of  La  Maire.  Long.  66.  14.  W. 
Lat. ^if.  j8.  S. 

Cape  Snckiing,  a  cape  on  tlie  weft  coaft  of 
NortlvAmcrica.  Lcn'<.  216.  19.  E.  Lat. 
6c.  I.N. 

Cape  Sugaar,  the  north-weft  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Niphon.      Long.  140.  40.  E.  Lat. 
41.  30.  N. 
Ca.pe  Sulhgo,  die  northern  point  of  the 


ifland  of  Mindanao.  Long.  ijj.  35.  E.  Lat 

9.  5^1.  N. 

Cape  Sn.vaine,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
North-America,  and  north-well  point  of  en- 
trance into  Miibank's  Sound.  Long.  ^2t,i. 
40.  E.  Lat.  52.  13.  N. 

Cape  S-iveepJIakes ,  a  cape  in  the  Straits  of 
M.igellan.    Long.  71.  24.  W.  Lat.  52.50.  S. ' 

Cape  Table,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
New  Zealand.  Loi:g.  181.  36.  W.  Lat. 
39.  7.  N. 

Cape  Table,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Madag;ifci.r.     /-(7//jf.  47. 5.  E.     Lat.  16.  S. 

Cape  Tahca,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Madagai'car.     Lat.  16.  20.  S. 

Cape  Tache,  a  capcon  the  fouth-weft  coaft 
ofNatolia.  i><3;^^.  27.  28.  E.  Z«/.36.  24.N. 

Cape  Tagr'nn,  lee  Cape  Ledo. 

Cape  Talaho,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  iiland  of  Celebes.  Long.  133.57.  E. 
Lat.  o.  50.  S. 

Cape  7  alhado,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Africa.     Long.  22.  29.  E.  Lat.  34.  S. 

Cape  Ta'inar,  a  cape  in  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  18  miles  from  Cape  Upright. 
-^^'^^•75-40.  W.  Lat.  52.  51.  S. 

Cape  Tandjong,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft: 
ofBorneo.  Z«//;^.  112.  45.  E.  Z^/.5. 24. N. 

Cape  Tatjnan,  a  cape  in  Hudlbn's  Bay. 
Long.  90.  25.  W.  Lat,  57.40.  N. 

Cape  Tavalaro,  a  cape  at  the  fcuthcrneXo 
trcmity  of  Sardinia.  Long.Z.  ^-,.'S..  Lat. 
38-  S->'  N. 

Cape  Tecra-eohht^,  a  cape  forming  the 
fouthcrnmoft  point  of  the  iflc  of  Eahcino- 
mauwe,  in  Cook's  Strait,  difcovcred  by 
Capt.  Cook,  in  1769.  Long.  184.  12.  V\'. 
Lat.  41.  21.  S. 

Cape  Telling,  a  cape  on  the  north-wcfl 
coaif  of  Ireland.  Long.  10.  7.  W.  Lat.  54. 
40.  N. 

Cape  Teniendfufe,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 


Aleiers.     L'. 


\-ZS-  E.   Lat.  37.  15.  N. 


Cape  Temoil,  or  Point  Sarnfo,  a  cape  on 
the  \veft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Celebes,  on 
the  line.     Long.  119.  25. E. 

Cape  Tenes,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Algiers. 
Long.  I.  10.  E.  Lat.  36.  56.  N. 

Cape  Tengo^  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Naples.     Lcng.  16.  ic.E.  Z<7/.  41.  47.  N. 

Cafe  Tereji,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  ifland  01  Cyprus.  Zc?;/^.  34.  36.E.  Lat, 
34.  50.  N. 

Cape  Tetuan,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  cfFez. 
Loj.g  5.  31.  \V.  Lat.  2,S-  30.  N. 

Cape  Three  Forks,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Fez.     Long.  2.  40.  W.  Lat.  ^r^.  30.  N. 

Cape  Three  Points,  a  cape  on  the  coaft 
of  Morocco.  Zc;;/^.2.35.  W.  Lat.25.  2<^.N. 

Cape  Three  Points,  a  cape  on  the  eaft 
coail  of  AnKTica,  in  the  bay  of  Honduras. 
Long.  90.  16.  W.  Lai.  15.  56.  N. 

Cape  Three  Points,  a.  cape  on  tlie  norUi 


CAP 


CAP 


coafl  cf  South-America.    Zg--?^.  62.  56.  W.  this  cape.     The  brave  Nelfon  lofl:  his  life 

J_at.  10.  40.  N.  in  the  aflion,  and  Admiral  (now  Lord)  Col- 

Cape  Three  Points,  ^  cape  on   the  eafl  Jingwood  took  the  command.     Long,  6.  8, 

coaft  of  New  Holland.  Zo/^^.  ifz.  E.  Lai.  W.  Z-^/.  36.  ic.N. 
21.  30.  S.                                                   "  Cape  Traitors.,  a  cape  on  the  north-eaft 

Cape  Three  Point;,  a  cape  of  Africa,  on  eoaft  oftheifland  ofErromango.  in  the  South 

the  co;ift  of  Guinea.     Long.  3.  6.  W.  Lat.  Pacific  Ocean.    Lo7ig.  169.  so.  E.  Lat.  18. 

4.  50.  N.  43- S. 

Cape  Three  Points,  a  cape  on  the  eaft        Cape  Tranqulllo,  the  fouth  point  of  the 

cdaft  of  Patagonia.     Lat.  s,ii.  $0.^.  ifiand  of  Rhodes.    Long.  z-j.  lo.Y..    Lat., 

Cape   llhuron,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  36.5.  N. 
South-x\merica,  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf        Cape  Trapa?il,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft 

ofDarien.  Lo>!g.  -jy.  xo.W.  /.«^.  9.  aj.N.  of  the  ifland  of  Candy,  called  by  the  an. 

Cape  Tlburori,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-weft  cients  Drepanum  promontorium.     14  miles 


coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Hifpaniola.    Long. 
74.  29.  W.  Lat.  18.21.  N. 

Caps  Tignofo,   a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Murcia.  Long.  i.  16.  W.  Lat.  37. 

•^,o.N 


W.  Retimo. 

Cap;  1  res  Mo7ites,   a  cape  on  the  coafl 
ofChl.     ivi^/.  45.  U.S. 

Cape  Tres  Forcas,  fee  Cape  Three  Forks. 

Cape  Trevanlon,  the   north-weft    extre-. 


Cape  Togrin,  a  cape  at  the  mouth  of  the  mity  of  the  ifland  of  Trevanion.  Long.  164, 

rive-r  Sierra  Leone.  52.  E.  i>ir?/.  10.  39.S. 

Cape  T'Aaho,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  Cape  Tribulation,   a  cape  on  the  north- 
Celebes.     Long-  122.  50.  E.  Lat.o.&,t,.  S.  eaft  of  New-Holland.     Long.  145.21.  E. 

Cape  Tontoral,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Lat-  16.  6.  S. 

Chili.    Lat.  27.  30.  S.  Cape  Trinity,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft 

Cape  Torment,  a   cape   on  the  coaft  of  of  the  iflands  of  Kodiak,   in   North  Pacific 

Canada,  24  miles  below  Quebec.  Ocean.  Long.  154.  26.  V/.  Lat.  56.  45.  N, 

Cap&  Torre's,  a  cape  of  Spain,   on  the  CapeTrlonto,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Na 


coaft  of  Aftuna.     Long.  5.  44.  VV.  Lat.  43. 
37- N. 

Cape  Tortcfa,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Catalonia.  Long.  o.  47.  E.  Lat. 
40.  40.  N 


pies,  in  the  gulf  of  Tarento.  Long.  16.57. 
E.  Lat.  39.  48.N. 

Cape  Trlfpyrgol,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Livadia.     Long.zT,.  29.  E.  Lat.  36.  $2,.  N. 

Cape  Troiin,  a  cape  on  the  nouh  coaft  of 


Cape  Tojlo,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of  Staten  Ifland,  in   the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 

Spain.     />^;/^^  9.  ID.  W.  Z>^^/.  43.  i  ^.  N.  Z,c;i^.  148.  10.  E.  £«•/.  45.  30.  N. 

C^pf  To^r/;;^,  acape  ofSpain,on  the  weft  Cape    Trullo,   the   north-weft  point    of 

coaft  of  Galicia.    Long.  <).7,o.W.  Lai.  4.2-  the  ifland  of  Myconi.     Long.  25.  19.  E. 

3.  N.  Lat.  37.  28.  N. 

Cape  Ton.vn,    is  agreeably  fituated  rather  Cape  TfchukotfKoi,  a  cape  on  the  eaftern 

above  thi;  ty  miles  from  the  Cape  of  Good  extremity  of  Alia,  placed  by  Captain  Cook 

Hope,  properly  fo  called,  in  a  valley,  be-  fouth-weft   of  Eaft   Cape  :    in  the  Ruffian 

tween  the  Table  and  Lion  mountains.     It  map  it  is  placed  north-weft  of  Eaft  Cape, 

contains  about  200  houfes,  many  of  which  Cape   Turn-again,   a  cape  on   the  eafl 

are  magnificent;  theftreetsare  broad  but  ill-  coail  of  New  Zealand,  difcovered  by  Capt. 

paved.     Provifions  are  very  reafonable.     A_  Cook,  in  1769.     Z-w^.  182.  55.  W.     Lat.' 

late  traveller  fays,  that  he  fiiw  13  pounds  of  40.  34.  S. 

mutton  fold  for  about  fixpence  fterling,  a  Ciri/Ji?  Tw/y^^w,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 


. • ■- —    X- cw 

whole  ox  for  two  guineas  and  a  half,  or  three 
pounds  ;  corn  and  other  things  in  propor- 
tion ;  filli  are  abundant,  as  well  as  game, 
brought  from  the  c.  untry.  The  town  is 
well  liipplied  with  fprings  of  excellent  wa- 
ter, fufhcient  aifo  for  the  fliips  which  call  at 

the  port.  _^J..ong.  18    23.  E.  Lat.  34-29.  S.    of  North-America,  and  eaft  point  of  Princq 
Cape  TovjnJIjcnd,   a  cape  on  the  north-    Frederick's  Sound,  Long.  22  j.  12.  Z.  Lat, 
eaft  coa'f  of  New-Holland.     Long.  209.  43.    57.  5.  N 


Tuni.-.     Long.  XI.  E.     Z/^/.  36.  25.  N. 

Caps  Vaca,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
of  Alturia.  Long.^.  47. W.  Lat.  i,^.  36.  N. 

Cape  Vacas,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Africa.     Long.ii.  %.  E.  Lat.  34-  20.  S. 

Cape  Vandcput,  a  cape  on  the  welt  coaft 


>\''.  Lat.  22.  15.  S. 

Cape  Tonxi'Jljend,  fee  Verv'-llllon  Pord. 

Cape  Trafalgar,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Andalulia.  On  the  21  It  cf  October, 
1805,  the  Britifli  fleet,  commanded  by  Lord 
Nellbn,  obtained  a  complete  vidlory  over 
the  combined  fleets  tf  France  and  Spain  off 


Cape  Vanl,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  illajid  of  Milo.  Long.  li,.  20.  E.  Lat. 
36.  46.N. 

Gape  Vatlcano,  u  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Calabria  Ultra.  Long.  16.  52.  E.  Lat. 
38.40.  N. 

Ca^i  Ubarco,  a  cape  pn  the  north-we|l 


CAP 

coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Ivi^a.    Long.  i.  i8. 
E.  LiJt.  :sC).  5.N. 

Cape  Vedra,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
ofGalicia.    Z/9';(r.  8.51.W.  Z,^/.  42.  19.N. 

Cape  de  la  Vela^  a  cape  on  the  north 
coaft  of  South- America.  Long.  71.  46.  W. 
Lat.  II.  ,i;o.  N. 

Ccxpc  Venere,  fee  Capo  di  Vejiere, 

Cape  Ventofi,  a  cape  on  the  nortli-eaft 
coaft  of  the  idand  of  CaSre.a,  in  the  Mcdi- 
ter  •;  n  an.    Long. 2.  ss-  E.  LaL  39.  10.  N. 

Cape  Venus,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Ota- 
heite.    Lo?}g.  149.  36.  W.  Lat.  17. 29.  N.' 

Cape  Verde,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa.     Lofig.  17-31.  W.  Lat.  14.48.  N, 

Cape  Verde  IJlands,  idands  of  Africa,  in 
the  Atlantic,  fo  called  from  Cape  Verde,  op- 
pollte  to  which  they  are  fituated,  or,  ac- 
cording to  fome,  from  a  green  plant  which 
grows  in  the  lea  near  them,  rofembling 
waier-crcfles,  and  bearing  a  fruit  fomething 
like  a  goofeberry.  This  plant,  called  far- 
goifo,  is  fometimes  found  fo  thick  as  to  im- 
pede vefTels  in  their  courfe.  As  to  their 
number,  fome  reckon  ten,  others  fourteen 
or  more,  by  g'-ving  the  name  of  iflands  to 
thofe  which  are  only  rocks.  They  are  in 
general  mountainous ;  the  lower  hills  are 
covered  with  a  beautifid  verdure,  as  well  as 
the  extenfive  valleys  between;  but  with  little 
water,  except  what  is  found  in  ponds  and 
wells.  They  are  faid  to  have  been,  and 
probably  were  known  to  the  ancients,  under 
the  name  of  Gorgades;  but  not  vilited  by 
the  modems  till  the  year  1449,  when  they 
were  difcovered  by  Antonio  Nolli,  a  Ge- 
noefe,  in  the  fervice  of  the  Infant  Don 
Henry  of  Portugal.  The  air  is  extremely 
hot  and  unwholefome  ;  it  rarely  rains,  and 
the  ground  is  fo  hot  that  one  can  hardly 
ftand  in  places  expofed  to  the  fan.  It  is 
dangerous  to  pafs  the  night  in  the  open  air, 
for  the  great  heat  is  often  fucceeded  by  a 
fudden  cold  which  proves  mortal  to  fuch  as 
are  cxpofed  to  it.  The  foil  is  for  the  moft 
part  ftony  and  barren,  ncverthelefs  fome 
parts  produce  rice,  maize,  bananas,  lemons, 
oranges,  citrons,  pomegranates,  figs,  and 
mt^Ions :  grapes  are  gathered  twice  a  year. 
The  manufacture  of  leather  and  fait  form 
the  principal  riches.  The  inhabitants  catch 
and  fait  a  great  number  of  turtles  which 
they  fend  to  America ;  they  get  flaves, 
fugar,  rice,  cotton  fluffs,  arabergrife,  civet, 
ivory,  f  iltpetrc,  ^nd  gold  from  tlu;  conti- 
nent. When  firft  difcovered  by  the  Portu- 
guefe,  they  were  almoft  uninhabited ;  by  in- 
troducing flaves,  black  men  and  mulattocs 
have  increafed,  but  the  Portuguefe  are  not 
numerous.  Some  of  the  ii''iands  are  yet 
witliout  inhabitants;  all  arc  under  particular 
lords,  who  have  furnifhed  them  with  cows, 
goats,  hogs,  affcs,  mules,  Sec.  Two  of 
thtm,  St.  Yago  and  St.  Pijilip,  depend  im»- 


CAP 

mediately  on  the  king,  asd  are  the  only 
ones  that  are  fortified.  The  number  of 
inhabitants  is  calculated  at  100,000;  but  in 
the  year  1771,  700c  were  deftroyed  by  the 
drought.  Few  v/hitcs  arc  now  fecn  :  the 
influence  of  the  climate  has  changed  the 
ancient  Portuguefe  to  negroes.  The  go- 
vernor and  priells  are  often  negroes.  The 
iflands  are  fituated  about  390  miles  W.  Cape 
Verde,  and  between  15  and  18  degrees  of 
north  latitude. 

Cape  Verde,  a  mountainous  cape  on  the 
coaft  of  Peru.     Lat.  6.  2c.  S. 

Cape  Verde,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Ge- 
noa.-    Long.  7.  ^o.  E.     Lat.  43.50.  N. 

Cape  Verdijlan,  fee  Cape  Bar  dijian. 

Cape  Vere,  a  cape  on  the  wcftcoaft  of  Ca- 
labria.    Long.  16.  10.  E.     Lat.  39.  20.  N. 

Cape  Verga,  a  cape  on  the  well  coaft  of 
Africa.     Lo?:':^.  13.  40.  V/.    Lat.  10.  4.  N. 

Cape  Verelb,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  cualt  of 
Cochin  Cliina.  Long.  109.18.  E.  Lat.ih.. 
55.  N. 

Cape  Vcrella,  Falfs,  a  cape  on  the  fouth- 
eaft  coaft  of  Cochin  China.  Zew^,  109.  4. 
E.  Lat.  IT.  45.  N. 

Cape  Victoria,  or  Capi  ViSIory,  a  cape 
on  the  weft  coaft  of  Patagonia.  Long.  76. 
40.  W.  Lat.  SI.  2,  f,.  S. 

Cape  Vidio,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the  coaft 
ofAituria.  Long.6.i-i.\Y.  Z.^?/.  43.  37.N. 

Cape  Villano,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  GaUcia.  Long.  9. 14.  W.  Lat,  ^2, 
ij.N. 

Cape  Villeno,  a  cape  of  Spain,  on  the 
coaft  of  Bifcay.  Long.  2.  58.  W.  Lat.  43. 
26.  N. 

Cape  Virgin,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-eaft 
point  of  South-America,  at  the  entrance  into 
the  Straits  of  Magellan.  It  was  fo  called 
by  Magellan,  becaufe  he  difcovered  it  on  the 
feaft  oi'  St.  Uifula  Long.  68.  22.  W.  Lat. 
52.24.3. 

Cape  Unhafa,  a  cape  on  the  Coaft  of 
Africa,  in  the  Indian  fea.  Long. lo.'S..  L.^t, 
26.  S. 

6^?;^!?  Unfang,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  illand  gf  Borneo.  Long.  119.  21.  E. 
Lat.  s.  18.  N. 

Cape  Vohcmaro,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Madagafcar.  Long.  54.  44. 
E.  Lat.  13.  20.  S. 

Cape  Vohi,  a  cape  of  South-America,  on 
the  north  coaft  of  Caracca.  Long.  72.  W. 
Lat.  12.  N. 

Cape  V'Ape,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
Sardinia.     Long.  9.  47.  E.  Lat.  40.  4.  N. 

Cape  Volpe,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Natolia.    Long.  27.  44-  E.  Lat.  36.  38.  N. 

LJaps  Voltas,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Africa.     Long.  16.  40.  E.  Lat.  28.  45.  S.  4 

Cape  Vouk-jilou,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Madagafcar.  Long.  54.  2.  E.  Lai.  i3.  S. 

Cape  Upright,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  end  of 


CAP 

Gore  iHand,  in  the  IS^orth  Pacific  Ocean. 
Long.  ijz.  13.  W.  Lai.  60.  30.  N. 

■Cap^  Upright,  a   c;ipe   in  the  Straits  of 

Magellan.  Long.  75.  38.  W.  Lat.  53.  6.  S. 

Cape  Upjlart,  a  cape  on    the  noj\h-e,ift 

coall  of  New-Holland.    Long.  212.  32.  W. 

Lat.  19.  39.  S. 

Cape  Uries,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft:  of 
Stateii  Illand.  Long.  149.  20.  E.  Lat.  46.  N.. 

Cape  Urfa,  a  cape  of  Siciiy,  on  the  north 
coaft.     Long.  IX.  II.  E.  Lat.  2,^.  18   N. 

Cape  I'i'  aljh,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  New 
Guinea.     Long.  137.  E.  Lat.  8.  24.  S. 

Cape  Waljlngi.ain  of  Davis,  a  cape  on 
the  eall  coaft  of  America,  at  the  north  fide 
ot  the  entrance  into  Cumberland  Straits. 
Long.  66.  W.  Lat.di..  10.  N. 

Cape  Walfingha?!!  of  Frokijhcr,  a  cape  at 
the  fjuth-caii  extremity  of  Hale  'Illand,  in 
Davis's  Straits,  at  the  entrance  of  l^\o- 
bilher's  Straits.  Long.  64.  5S.  \V.  Lat. 
62.  J  O.N. 

Cape  Wehuck,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Labrador.  Long.  58.10.  W.  Lat.  j 5 .  2 1 .  N. 

Cape  IVeji,  a  cape  on  the  weltern  coaft  of 
Tavai-Poc-riammoo,  the  Ibuthernmoft  illand 
of  New-Z'.aland.  Lo  ig.  193.  17.  W.  Lat. 
45-  54-  3.  '         '  ■ 

Cape  !Vey?no;'.th,  a  cape  on  the  north- eaft 
coaft  of  New-Holland.  Long.  zi-j.  15.  W. 
Lat.  12.  42.  S. 

Cape  IVi/ite,  or  Cape  Blanco,  a  cape  of 
North-America,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  Nicara- 
gua. 60  ruiles  S.  Cape  GracidS  a  Dios. 
Long.t^.^.  W.  Z.7/.  13.  15.  N. 

Cape  IV [:i'Jhed,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Nonh-Amcrica,  and  nurth-eaft  point  of 
entranceinto Prince Wiiiianrs Sound.  Lo::g. 
214.  29.  E.  Lat^  60.  29.  N. 

Gape  Wl'it-Sunday,  a  cape  on  the  foutU 
lidc  of  the  liland  of  Kodiak,  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean.  Lo^ig.  208.  4.  E.  Lat.  58. 
14.  N. 

Cape  Wojlenh .hi,  a  cape  in  Hudfon's 
Bay.     Long.  77.  40.  W.  Lat.  62.40.  N. 

Cape  Wrath,  a  cape  of  Sc<.;tland,  the 
rorth-wcft  extremity  of  the  county  ofSu- 
the;land.  Long.  4.  58.  W.    Lat.  58.  40.  N. 

Cape  Tork,  the  north-caft  projeclion  of 
New-Holland,  co;jfiiiing  of  a  clouble  point, 
one  of  which  is  (ituated  Long.  141  56.  E. 
J^at.  10.  37.  S.  the  other  mLat.  10.  42.  S. 

Csipe  Tonn;^,  a  cape  on  the  north  coaft  of 
Chatham  JllanJ,  in  the  South  Paonic  Ocean. 
Long.  183.  2.  E.  I^at.  43.  48.  S. 

Cape'Lanibroifa,^.  cape  of  Nuples,  on  tlie 
v.'eft  coaft  of  Ca'abria.  Long.  16.  O.E.  Lut. 
37.  48.N. 

C<ipe  Zangcfan;  a  capc.  on  the  Pirate 
Coaft.  ■  Long.  7.2.  ^3.  E.  Lat.  17.36.  N. 

Cape.ZmreJ  ^  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Syria. 
X5«£.  3.5- 42- E.  X^/. 35.  40.  N. 

Cape  ZJheeb,  a  cape  on  thf  north  coaft 
of  Tunis..  Lo/jg.  10.  9.  E.  Lat.  37.  7.N.. 


CAP 

Capet,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Carinthia, 
on  the  Fella.     10  miles  S.  Volkemarck. 

Capilapaire,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.     14  miles  NW.  Gingee. 

Capell,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Stiria.     3  miles  N.  Muertznfchlag. 

Capellc  {La,)  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Straits  of  Calais.  In  1635, 
this  town  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards,  after 
a  fiege  of  fix  day-s,  and  recovered  the  year 
following.  It  is  now  difmantled.  3  miles 
S.  Hefdin. 

Capelle  {La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Aifne.    12  m.  NE.  Guile. 

Capelle  la  Marival,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Lot.  %  miles  NJ^W, 
Figeac. 

Capellcn,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Stiria. 
8  miles  Vv".  Luttenbnrg. 

Capenan,  a  town  of  Prudia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Pomerelia.  10  miles  E.  Marienburg. 

Capendii,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aucte.     9  miles  E.  Carcaflbnne. 

Capers  IJland,  a  fniall  ifland  in  the  At- 
lantic, near  the  coaft  of  South-Carolina, 
Long.  79.  39.  W.  Lat.  32.  5i-N. 

Capes,  lee  Gabs. 

Capejlang,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Herault.  9  m.  N.  Narbonne. 

Capkas,  a  mountain  of  A^frica,  in  Nigri-, 
tia,  from  which  Ptolemy  fiippofed  the  rix'er 
Senegal  derived  its  fource.   Lat.  14.  10.  N. 

Capjac,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia.  25 
miles  S.  Kotlan. 

Capiat a,_  a  town  of  Paraguay.  12  miles 
S.  Alllimption. 

Capiat,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  Pa- 
raguay.    15.  miles  SSE.  A{Ium,pt,ion. 

Capiharl,  a  river  of  Brazil,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic.  Long.  34.  26.  W.  Lat, 
8.  15.  N. 

Capis,  a  town  on  the  north  coaft  of  the 
i:land  of  Panay.  Lang.  12s.  27.  E.  Lat. 
II.  51.  N. 

Capirn,  a  river  of  Brazil,  which  runs  into 
the  Guama.     20  miles  E.  Para. 

Cap.ira,  a  river  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Garaccas,  which  runs  into  the 
fea.     Long.  66.  56.  W.  Lat.  10.  15.  N. 

Capijlanp,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     20  miles  NE.  Sqiiillace. 

Capira,  a  town  of  I'erra  Firma,  in  the 
province  of  Panama.  22  miles  W.  Panama. 

CapitanatafTi^rcrvincco't  Naples, bounded 
on  the  north  und  eaft  by,  the  Adriatic,  ot^ 
tb.c  fouth  by  the  country  of  Bari  and  Bafi- 
licata,  anv4  on  tlie  weft  bv  the  Molife.  This 
wa:  the  ancient  Apulia  Daunica.  The  whole 
country  is  avaftpiain,  andt.he  foil  generally 
i'andy,  witii  few  trees,  and  icarcely  any 
fpiings  or  rivers  of  frcfti  water;  yet  the 
land  produces  a  great  deal  of  corn,  and  feeds 
great  number  of  cattle  ;  fait  is  made  along 
the  coaft.    The  Gargaao  is  the  only  mouu^ 


CAP 

tain  ;  on  the  fifjes  are  plantations  of  orange?; 
within  it  are  dug  ftones,  ufed  almoft  for  all 
the  buildings  in  the  province ;  and  from  the 
top  the  inhabitants  collecl  fnow,  of  great 
ufe  in  a  country  where  the  heat  is  fo  excti- 
five:  the  coaits  are  defended  by  iz  towers. 
The  principal  towns  are  Lucera,  Foggia, 
Salpe,  AfcoJi,  Bnvino,  Troja,  Manfredonia, 
JMonte  St.  Angelo,  Vicfte,  TerraoJi,  St.  Se- 
vere, and  Volturara. 

Capitavatay  a  town  of  South-America, 
in  the  new  kingdom  of  Grenada.  60  miles 
XNE.  Tunja. 

Capitrtniillo,  a  fmall  ifland  among  the 
Philippines,  near  the  eail  coaft  of  Sibu. 
Lon'T.  123.  ^o.  E.  Lat.  11.  15.  N. 

Capizzi,  a  town  of  the'illand  of  Sicily,  in 
the  valley  of  Demona.  7  miles  NW.  Tra- 
hina. 

Capolahu,  fee  Cape   Lahou. 

Capo  Fi/'.o,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Genoa. 
Lo7ig.  9.  4.  E.  Lat.  44.  18.  N. 

Capo  d'Jfiria,  a  feaport  town  of  Iflria, 
the  fee  of  a  biihop,  fuffragan  of  Udina,  in 
thegulf  of  Trieibe,  fituated  on  an  oval  rock, 
in  the  mid;!:  of  the  fea,  at  half  a  mile  dif- 
tance  from  the  continent,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  means  of  a  itone  bridge.  The 
town  is  two  miles  in  circumference,  and  has 
a  cathedral  church,  built  in  the  i8th  century, 
thirty  other  churches,  two  nunneries,  lix 
iTLonafteries,  fdme  other  rich  pious  inlHtvi- 
tions,  two  hofpitals,  and  a  pawn-bank, 
where  money  is  advanced  on  pledges.  The 
town  is  provided  with  fpring  water,  con- 
veyed thither  by  means  of  aqueduc^ts,  which 
pais  under  the  fait  works.  8  miles  S.  Triefle. 
Lorg.  13.  44.  E.  Lat.  45-  39-  N. 

Capo  de  Lago,  fee  Codelago. 

Capo  delli  Melle,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Genoa.   Long,  3.  i;,.  E.  Lat.  43.  58.  N. 

Capo  dl  1  irra-i  a  cape  on  the  coait  of 
Naples,  between  Sorento  and  MaiTa;  on  it 
are  the  ruins  of  a  villa  built  by  PoUius  Felix, 
rnentiontd  by  Statius. 

Capo  dl  Vt litre f  a  cape  on  the  co?.ft  of 
Ge.noa.     Long.  9.  40.  E.  Lat.  44.  4.  N. 

Capodignra,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Po.  21  miles  E. 
Ferrara. 

CapoUta,  a  river  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of^Guaxaca,  which  runs  into  the  Paci- 
fic Ocean. 

Capo':fe,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  .in  Berar. 
15  miles  SSE.  Ellichpour.. 

Capor,  a  river  of  Afric:',  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic.     Lai.  9.  10.  N. 

Capoudia,  fee  Cape  Oud'ia. 

Capoid,  one  of  the  fmailer  Philippine 
iilinds,  a  little  to  the  fouth  of  Logon. 

C.ippely  a  place  of  Swificrland,  in  the 
canton  of  Zurich,  where,  on  account  of  a 
religious  difpute,  a  battle  was  fought  between 
the  Catholics  and  Protellants,  in  the  year 


CAP 

■  153 1,  in   which  Zuinglius,   the  reformer, 
loll  his  life.     9  miljs  S.  Zurich. 

Cappfly  ovWaldkaptl,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  principality  of  Upper  Heirc.  22  m. 
SE.  CalfcU     Lc?!g.  9.  SS'  E-  J^^t  5i-  9-  N. 

Cappcl,  or  Kapi^eh,  a  tov/n  of  the  dutchy 
of  Sielwick,  on  the  eaft  coaft.  16  miles 
NE.  S.tlVvick.  Lr,7tg.  10. E.  L.it.  54.  44.  N. 

Cappei'!,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Tecklenburg.  8  miles  l^NE. 
'I'eckie  >h  .rg. 

Cappi'ln,  OJler,  a  town  of  Germany,  m 
the  pniicip^liLy  of  Ofnabruck.  12  miics  E. 
Oi.iabruck. 

Cappeidnrg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifnopric  of  Munftcr.    6  miles  NW.  Wcrne. 

Capracotia,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
county  of  Molife.     13   miles  NW.  Molife. 

Caprahi  a  town  of  Kindoollan,  in  Oude. 
30  miles  N.  Kairabad. 

Capraja,  an  iiland  in  the  Medlterraheat!, 
between  the  coalt  of  Italy  and  the  northern 
part  of  the  ifland  of  Corlica,  about  15  miles 
in  circuniference:  the  fjil  is  mountainous, 
drv,  and  rough;  and  furrounded  vliih  rocks, 
except  in  one  part,  where  there  is  a  good 
harbour,  belonging  to  a  town  named  Ca- 
praja.    Long.  9.  56.  E.  Lat.  43.  3.  N. 

Capraria,  one  of  the  Tremiti  illands,  in 
the  Adriatic,  about  i;  miles  from  the  coaft 
of  Italy;  it  is  very  fmall,  and  uninhabited. 
I^ong.  15.  26.  E.   Lat.  42.  10  N. 

Caprcra,  a  fmall  iHand  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, near  the  fouth-weil  coaft  of  the  Mo- 
rea.     Long.  21.  40.  E.  Ijat.  36.52.  N. 

CapreJJo,  a  mountain  en  the  iiland  of  Fa- 
ros, anciently  called  Mons  MarpeiTus,  cele- 
brated for  its  marble,  quarries. 

Ca^riy  an  iiland  in  the  Mediterranean, 
near  the  coaft  of  Naples,  about  eight  miles 
in  circumference,  anciently  called  Caprea^ 
whence  the  emperor  Tiberius  ifuied  his 
bloodv  orders  of  execution.  The  iilmd  is 
mountainous,  but  fertile,  with  great  plenty 
of  game,  cfpecially  quails.  A  modern  tra- 
veller (Mr.  Swinburne)  fays,  the  quantity  of 
ftockdoves  and  quails  taken  in  this  iiland 
during  their  annual  flight,  efpecialiy  of  the 
latter,  is  almoft  incredible;  in  bad  years  he 
was  informed  by  the  beft  authority,  they 
amounted  to  12,00c,  in  good  years  to  above 
60,000,  and.  one  year  they  caught  160,000. 
The  foil  of  Capri  is  compoled  of  leveral 
layers,  chielly  tufa,  fimilar  to  the  volcanic 
hills  about  Naples,  over  which  is  a  yellow 
bole,  and  the  iuper-ftratum  a  good  deep 
mould.  The  upper  rocks  cjre  univeilally 
calcareous,  of. the  fam.e  kind  v/ith  the  hills 
near  Sorentum,  from  which  the  ifland  pro- 
bably was  feparated  by  an  earthquake.  Dicn 
Cal'lius  reprefents  the  ifland  as  wild  and 
barren  before  the  Csfars  took  it  under  their 
immediate  protection,  and  even  now  a  large 
portion  is  not  capable  of  cultivation.    Trie 


CAP 


CAR 


reft  is  well  tilled  and  highly 'productive. 
In  this  ifiand  Tiberius  fpent  the  lafS;  ten  years 
of  his  life,  immerged  in  luxurious  debau- 
chery, and  built  1 2  villas  for  the  purpofe  of 
varying  his  pleafures,  or  at  leaft  the  fcene 
of  them.     Long.  14.  8.  E.  Lat.  40.32.  N. 

Capri,  a  town  in  the  ifland  fo  called,  the 
fee  of  a  biihop,  fufFragan  of  Almafi,  great 
part  of  whofe  revenue  arifesfrom  the  tenth 
of  the  quails,  and  other  birds  caught  in  the 
ifland.  17  miles  S.  Naples.  Long.  13.  58. 
E.     Lat.  40.  34.  N. 

Cap7-jana,  a  tov/n  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mincio.  14  m.  NNW.  Mantua. 

Capriata,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Marengo,  where  the  Auftrians 
were  defeated  by  the  French  in  1799.  12 
mites  S.  Alexandria. 

Caprigiia,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Prinei- 
patro  Ultra.     1 3  miles  S.  Benevento. 

Caprino,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Serio.  8  miles  WNW.  Bergamo. 

CiJpriJiano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abiuzzo 
Ultra.    20  miles  E.  Aquiia. 

Ct/pro,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Dongola,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile.  8 
miles  S.  Mofho. 

CaproKC,  an  ifland  in  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago, about  6  miles  in  circumference.  2 
utiles  NW.  from  Stanchio.  Long.  26.  52. 
E.     J^af.  36.59.N. 

Citptaja,  a  town  of  Bengal.  18  miles  E. 
Iflamabad. 

Cciptahi's  Rock,  a  reeky  ifland  in  the 
river  Utwas.     Lojig.  78.  W.  Lat.  46.  5.  N. 

Capiiiux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gironde.    9  miles  S.  Bazas. 

Capua,  ^  city  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Lavora,  on  the  Volturno,  containing,  be- 
sides the  cathedral,  one  collegiate,  16  parifh 
cl\urchcs,  and  12  convents.  Modern  Capua 
is  not  on  the  fame  ipot  v/hcre  formerly  the 
ancient  Capua  fo  renowned  in  hillory  Itood, 
but  about  two  miles  from  it,  and  was  partly 
huilt  out  of  its  ruins.  It  is  now  a  fmall  citv. 
It  has  fuffcred  at  different  times  many  grie- 
vnu?  calamities:  al>out  the  year 8 75, Louis  II. 
j^randlon  to  Louis  the  Mild,  entered  Italy  at 
the  head  of  a  pnv/erful  army,  took  tliis  citv, 
which  had  revolted  after  a  three  months 
{icgc,  and  ruined  a  great  jiartofit.  Aiter- 
wi'.rds  the  Saracens  ranfacked  it  more  than 
once.  Conrad,  fon  of  Frederick  JI.  gave 
the  plunder  of  it  to  his  fuldiers,  and  deino- 
li'hcd  its  walls;  and  under  the  pontificate  of 
Alexander  VI.  it  met  with  much  the  ihmc 
ba'.baious  treatment.  Ax  firlt  it  was  only  a 
bilhopric;  bur  Pope  JclmXIII.  when  he 
crowned  the  EmperorOtho  II.  made  it  an 
arcliicpifcopal  Ice.  No  city  in  Italy,  Rome 
excepted,  contains  a  greater  number  of  ancient 
inf-riptions,  which  were  no  doubt  brought 
hjilter  from  old  Capu.i.     This  city  is  fituated 

a  very  plcafantand  fruiitul  country  on  the 


left  fhdre  of  the  Volturno,  and  about  twelve 
miles  from  the  fea.  Its  fortifications  are 
pretty  good,  ccniiiling  of  baftions,  ravelins, 
and  other  v/orks,  all  covered  with  freeftone. 
The  river,  as  well  as  its  Ci.ftle,  contributes 
very  much  to  its  llrength.  Ancient  Capua 
ftood  pretty  near  mount  Tifata  eauward  ; 
and  its  great  wealth  and  power  gave  um- 
brage to  the  Romans.  The  Capuans  ima- 
gining the  latter  v/ere  ruined  after  the  battle 
of  Cannae,  fent  to  offer  them  fuccours,  Upon 
condition  of  dividing  the  empire  of  Italy 
between  them,  and  that  one  of  the  confuls, 
with  half  the  fenators,  fhould  be  Capuans. 
The  Romans,  exafperatcd  at  this  infolence, 
refufed  them  bluntly  ;  when  the  Capuans, 
enraged  at  this  refufal, opened  the  gates  to 
Hannibal.  However,  this  delightful  luxuri- 
ous city  proved  the  deflruftion  of  this  great 
captain  and  his  foldiers,  as  they  plunged 
into  excefles  of  every  k-nd.  The  citizens 
were  afterwards  obliged  to  furrender  at  dif- 
cretion  to  Q^FuIvi'us  Fiaccus,  the  procon- 
ful,  who  beheaded  fifty-fix  Capuan  fenators, 
and  fold  many  others.  In  January  1799, 
this  city  farrendcred  to  the  French,  and  in 
July  following  it  was  taken  by  Capt.  Trow- 
bridge, at  the  head  of  a  body  of  troops, 
compofed  of  Englifn,  Ruffians,  Neapolitans, 
Piedmontefe,  Swifs,  and  Turks.  15  miles 
N.  Nsple'.     Long.i^.Z.'E.  Lat.  a'^-S-^- 

Capurfo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Bari.     4  miles  SE.  Bari. 

Capufa,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, near  the  north^weft  coaf^  of  Corfica. 
Long.  9.  39.  E.     Lat.  42.  57.  N. 

Caqueta,  a  large  river  of  Soitth -America, 
which  rifes  about  (ixty  miles  fouth  of  Po-  ■ 
payan;  being  enlarged  by  the  addition  of 
feveral  fl reams,  it  takes  a  courfe  dtie  eaft 
about  300  miles,  when  it  divides  into  three 
branches ;  one  of  which  falls  into  the  lea, 
another  takes  the  namiC  of  Yupur.t,  and  the 
third  forms  theprincipal  fVreara  of  theNegro. 

Car,  or  Cl-ar,  a  river  of  England,  which 
runs  into  the  fea  atCharmouthin  Dorfetfliirei 

Ciir,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  in  tlie  county  of 
Armagh.     14  miles  SSE.  Armagh. 

Cara,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  weft  coaft 
of  Scotland,  a  little  to  the  fouth  of  the  ifland 
of  Gigo.     Lon^.  5 .  48.  \V.  Lat.  55 .  36.  N. 

Cara,  or  Pitlo  Cara,  "a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
gulf  of  Siam,  near  the  eaft  coiifl  of  Lower 
Siam.     LoTig.  loi.  12.  E.     Lat.  8.  30.  N. 

Carahaih,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  wefl 
coafl  of  Natolia.  Long.  27.  6.  E.  Lat. 
38.  12.  N. 

Carahaya,  or  Caravaya,  a  difl-ricl  or  juris- 
dicfion  of  Peru,  in  the  vice-royalty  of  Buenos 
Ayrcs,  about  120  miles  in  extent.  'Fhe  coun- 
try is  mountainous,  but  in  many  places  fertile 
in  grain,  fruit,  and  legumes;  there  are  alfo 
mines  of  gold  and  filver.  St.  Juan  de  TOr 
is  the  capital.  • 


CAR 

Carahttco,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocele 
of  La  Paz.     36  miles  S.  Afangaio. 

Carac,  fee  Karck. 

CaracaUi^  a  town  of  Walachia.  85  miles 
WSW.  Buchai-eft,  65  ESE.  Widdln.  Long. 
aj.  58.  E.     Lat.  44.  4.  N. 

Ciiracatcty,  a  name  given  to  a  large  extent 
of  country  weft  of  China,  divided  into  many 
ftates  and  pnncipaliiits. 

CaracatOf  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe 
of  La  Paz.     ao  miles  N.  Chucuito. 

Caracca,  (La,)  a  f.^aport  of  Spain,  in 
AndalulJa.     6  miles  E.  Cadiz. 

Caraccas,  a  province  of  South- America, 
on  the  coaft  of  the  Caribbean  fea,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  north;  on  the  eaft  it  is 
bounded  by  Cumana,  on  thefouth  and  weft  by 
Venezuela.  The  captnin-generaindp  of  Ca- 
raccas  comprehends  likewife  the  provinces 
of  Cumana,  Venezuela,  Maracaybo,  Varinas, 
Spanifh  Gaiana,  and  the  ille  of  M.irgarita. 
The  name  of  Caraccas  was  derived  from  a 
tribe  of  Indians.  The  country  was  iirft  con- 
quered for  the  Welfers,  a  German  mercan- 
tile ho'jfe,  to  whom  the  Emperor  Charles  V. 
had  affigned  the  property,  but  they  were 
difpofTeiTed  in  1550.  The  governor  acknow- 
ledges no  fuperior,  but  the  king.  The  tem- 
perature of  the  country  is  moderated  by  a 
chain  of  mountains,  running  from  call  to 
weft,  extending  from  Lake  Maracaybo  to 
t^e  ifland  of  Trinidad;  the  higheft  point 
near  the  city  of  Caraccas  being  1278  toifcs 
in  height.  To  the  fouth  of  the  muuntains 
js  an  exteniive  plain,  extremely  hot,  watered 
by  the  Oroonoco,  and  different  ftreams  which 
communicate  with  that  river.  The  moun- 
tains are  covered  v/ith  wood,  lit  for  fhip- 
building,  or  any  other  purpole.  There  are 
fome  gold  mines,  but  they  are  of  little  value, 
and  not  v/rought.  A  Coppermine  in  Vene- 
zuela produces  fome  excellent  ore.  Bay 
fait  of  excellent  quality  is  found  in  many 
places  along  the  coaft;  and  near  Araya  is  a 
mine  of  rock  fait,  which  is  a  royal  monopoly. 
The  feafons  are  divided  into  v/et  and  dry, 
as  iq  other  tropical  countries.  The  rainy 
feafon  begins  in  May,  r.ndends  in  December, 
during  wliich  timeic  rains  three  hours  a  day 
on  an  average.  There  are  few  Europeans 
jn  Caraccas,  except  thofe  fent  out  in  the  fer- 
vice  of  the  ftate,  including  whom  not  a 
hundred  Spaniards  fettle  annually  in  the  pro- 
vince. By  a  royal  cedula  of  1801,  foreign- 
ers of  the  catholic  perfuafion  are  pennitted 
to  fettle  in  the  Spanifa  colonies,  on  paying 
gioo  rc4s  (about  86l.)  to  the  crown.  The 
Creoles  of  Caraccas  are  reprefented  as  mild, 
humane,  and  moderate  in  their  defirei',  and 
cautious  even  to  timidity  in  their  conduct, 
and  in  the  management  of  their  affairs. 
They  marry  in  general  as  foon  as  they  attain 
the  age  of  puberty.  The  free  blacks  and 
people  of  colour  are  more  numerous  in  the 


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Spaniih  colonies  than  thofl-  of  other  nations, 
the  lav/s  of  Spain  being  more  favourable  to 
the  manumi;lion  of  ilaves.  The  pcojile  of 
colour  are  m  general  poor,  and  not  more 
jnduftrious  than  the  Creoles.  They  are  not 
admitted  to  any  olfice  in  the  ftate,  to  the 
priefthood,  nor  the  army  of  the  line.  They 
may  pra6liie  as  pliyficians,  and  even  rife  to 
tlie  rank  of  captain  in  the  militia.  A  law 
was  palfed  in  1785,  to  prohibit  the  marriage 
of  Creoles  to  whites.  The  Indians  fubjeft 
to  Spain  are  leniarkable  for  their  indolence, ' 
weaknels  ofcharader,  and  mildnefs  of  dif- 
polltion.  They  live  in  villages,  under  a 
cabildo  or  magiftrate  of  their  ov/n,  whofe 
authority  is  controuled  by  a  Spanilh  corre- 
gidor.  The  Indians  who  are  independent  ' 
are  neither  numerous  nor  foi  midable,  with 
the  exception  of  the  Gajuros,  who  poffefs  a 
trad  of  land  of  about  ninety  miles  along 
thiC  coaft,  weftward  of  Maracayabo,  are  a 
fierce  and  warhke  tribe,  and  can,  they  fay, 
bring  14,000  men  well  mounted  on  horfeback 
into  the  held,  armed  with  carbines,  bov>'s, 
and  arrov/s.  The  captain-general  holds  his 
oiTice  for  feven  years;  his  appointments  are 
valued  at  1 8,000  dollars  a  year,  in  falary  and 
perquifites.  An  audienza,  or  court  of  law, 
was  eftablifned  at  Caraccas  in  1787.  The 
whole  military  force  of  the  captain-general- 
fhip  amounts  to  13,136  men,  fuppotmg  the 
whole  to  be  complete.  All  eccleliaftical  pre- 
ferment fiov/s  du  edly  from  the  crown.  Ail 
titiies  belong  to  the  king,  who  allows  the 
clergy  out  of  them  what  he  pleafes;  in  ge- 
neral the  crown  is  contented  with  one  ninth 
of  the  produce  of  the  whole;  one  fourth  is 
allowed  to  the  bilhop,  one  fourth  to  the 
chapter,  and  the  remainder  goes  to  the  pa- 
rifh  priells,  repair  of  churches,  and  other 
pious  uies.  There  has  been  no  convent 
founded  in  Caraccas  hnce  tlie  middle  of  the 
J /th  century.  Miffionarics  ftili  exift.  The 
produdions  of  Caraccas  are  cocoa,  indigo, 
cotton,  coft'ee,  fagar,  and  tobacco.  In  ad- 
dition to  this  account,  the  number  of  oxen  is 
eftimated  at  not  lefs  than  i>2oc,ooo ;  of 
horfes,  at  180,000;  and  mules,  at  9o>ooo. 
In  1796,  the  whole  value  of  the  imports  from 
Spain  was  eftimated  at  3,118,811  dollars, 
and  the  import  duties  came  to  281,052  dol- 
lars. The  exports  to  the  mother  country 
in  the  fame  year  are  rated  in  the  cuftom- 
houfe  books  at  2,098,316  dullars,  and  the 
export  duties  at  i38;05a  dollars,  many  vef- 
kls  having  failed  without  their  cargoes  in 
conf:quence  of  the  alarm  of  war  with  Eng- 
land. The  population  of  the  whole  govern- 
mer.t  IS  eftimated  at  728,000. 

C.irr^'casy  or  Leon  de  Caraccas,  a  city  of 
South-America,  capital  of  the  Caraccas, 
containing  about  24,000  inhabitants.  The 
town  is  fituated  on  aplain,  fome  leagues  from 
the  fea,  from  which  it  is  feparated  by  moan- 


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fains.  It  is  the  refidence  of  a  governor,  and 
carries  5on  a  confiderab.'e  trade.  Its  port, 
named  Guayra,  has  bad  anchorat'e,  but  by 
tfee  ccnftrudibn  of  a  nolc,  the  road  is  good. 
LrCng.  66.  46.  W.     I^at.  10.  30.  N. 

Caracc'w, Timowu^^w  0.  Naples,  in Abruzzo 
Ultra.     16  miles  S.Suimcna. 

Carace72a,  lee  Caracoffa. 

Carach,  afmali  ifland  m  the  Atlantic,  near 
tlie  coaft  of  Africa.     Lorg.  11.  20.  N. 

Cavackaban,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  thepro- 
vin-ce  of  Adirbeitzan.     80  miles  W.  Tabris. 

Carachi,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
governraent  of  Caraccas,  and  province  of 
Venezuela.     10  miles  E.  Truxillo. 

Caracol,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Carthagena.  ^^  miles  SE. 
Cartbagena. 

Caracolldy  a  town  of  Pern,  in  the  diocefe 
of  La  Paz.     10  miles  W.  Oruro. 

Caraccfa,  or  Caracena,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  New  Caifile.     18  miles  SSW.  Siguen9a. 

Caracu,  a  river  of  Bralil,  which  runs 
Luto  the  Atlantic,  Long.  41.  46.  W.  Lat. 
3.  S. 

Caradoa}?!,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bernr.     18  miles  SE.  Aurungabad. 

CaragUa,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  die  Po.     6  miles  NW.  Coni. 

Carago/a,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Ben- 
gsl,     3  2  miles  S.  Purneah. 

Ci7ragos,  a  province  of  the  ifland  of  Min- 
danao, near  the  eail  ccall.  Its  principal 
prcduclion  is  fago. 

Cnrahijjhr,  iee  Aphiorri  Kahariffiir. 

Cjrah.uaft,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe 
'ef  Cufco.    54  miles  WNW.  Cufco. 

Caraiicote,  a  town  of  Hindourian,  inDov/- 
iatabsd.     30  miles  N.  Bcder. 

Cararncm,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
paitnicnt  of  the  Upper  Garonne.  15  miles 
iSE.  Toubufe. 

Caraynania^  a  country  of  A(ia,  which 
comprehends  the  ancient' Pamphilia,  and  a 
great  part  ofCilicia,  Pilidia,  andCappadncia. 
It  had  formerly  the  title  of  kingdom  ;  but  is 
row  become  a  province  of  Turkey,  and  di- 
vided into  {^\cn  langi;^.cats,  viz.  Cogni, 
Kaiierieh,  Kiriheher,  Nikdeh,  Akferai,  jf- 
barteh,  and  Sclefkieii  or  Itfchil.  It  has  le- 
veral  lakes  well  ftored  with  liih,  and  which 
furnifli  great  quantities  of  fait. 

Caranzanica,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Citra.     8  miles  N.  Suhv.ona. 

Curainantu,  a  tovv-n  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Popayan,   on    the  Cauca. 

LzHg.   74.  4S.  \V.       iMt.  (u  12.  N. 

Carawbaba,  a  town  of  Bralil,  on  the 
Tucantin   river,      60  miles  SVV.  Para. 

Caiavinaffu,  a  river  of  Hindoollan,  which 
runs  into  the  Gangsis,  near  Buxar. 

Curamout,  a  town  of  Saria,  in  the  paclia- 
lic  of  Aleppo,  on  the  v/oll  fide  of  the  Lake 
cl-  Antjoch.    It  iidefciidtiJ  with  wi;lls,  ;is  4 


fecurity    from    the    Kurds.      la  miles  N". 
Antioch,  18  ESE.  Aiexandretu. 

Caran,  a  river  of  England,  wliich  runs 
into  the  Avon,  at  Tewkefbury. 

Caran,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Slave 
Ccafl.     Zff/.  7.  10.  N._ 

Carandaga,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern 
Indian  Ocean,  and  Sea  of  Mindoro.  Long^ 
120.  25.  E.     Lat-  ID.  25.  N. 

Caranel,  a  town  of  Kmdooftan,  in  Coira- 
betore.     18  miles  NW.  Caroor. 

Carang-Ajjl'7n,  a  tov/n  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  ot  Bali.  Long,  115.  30.  E. 
Lat.  8.  30.  S. 

Carang  Pinga7ig,  a  tov^fn  on  the  fouth- 
weft  coaft  of  the  iiland  of  Sumatra.  Long. 
103.  45.  E.     Lat.  5.  16.  S. 

Carangas,  a  diitrict  of  Southrj.\merica, 
in  the  government  of  Buenos  Avres,  about 
lio  miles  in  length,  and  150  miles  v/cft  of 
the  river  Platri.  It  feeds  a  sreat  number  of 
cattle,  and  in  it  are  feveral  filver  mines. 

Carangas^  a  town  o'i  Peru,  and  capital  of 
a  dillricff  under  the  vireroyaity  of  Buenos 
Ayres.    40  miles  weft  Potoil. 

Caranja,  an  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea,  near 
the  Concan  coaft.  9  m.  S.  Bombay.  Long. 
73.  44.E.     i^a/*.  18.  55. N. 

Carapatard,  a  town  of  Concan.  ij  miles 
S.  Geriah. 

Carapeila,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ulti'a.     15  miles  E.Aquila. 

CampcUn,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  Adriatic,  9  miles  S.  Manfredonia, 

Carapito,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira*     13  miles  N.  Pinhel. 

Carafcof,  a  tov/n  of  Poland,  in  the  pala-. 
tinate  of  Kiev.     34  miles  W.  Bialacerkiev/. 
Carajlo,  atown  of  Genoa.  14  m.  E.  Genoa. 
Caravri,  a  tov.'n   of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus. 
20  miles  WNW.  Nicoiia. 

Cavavaca,  Santa  Cruz  de  Caravaca,  a. 
to\vn  of  SpainjinMurcia.  Thistnwn  is  much 
refortedto  on  account  of  a  crofs  f;iid  to  have 
been  brought  down  from  Meaven  by  two 
angels,  in  prcfence  of  a  Moorifa  king  and 
his  court,  who  were  by  it  conveitcd  to 
Chriftianity.     40  miles  "WNW.  Murcia. 

Caravaggb,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  dcr 
partment  of  the  Adda.  10  miles  N.  Crema. 
Caravaggro,  or  Caravacho,  a  town  of 
South-Ameiica,  in  the  government  of  Buenos. 
Ayres,  and  diocefe  of  La  Paz,  on  the  coaft 
ofthe  P.icific  Ocean.  50  m.  W.  Atacames. 
Caravaya,  or  St.  [^uan  del  Oro,  a  town  of 
Peru,  and  capital  of  a  jurifdiflion,  in  the 
viccroyalty  of  Buenos  Ayres,  and  diocefe  of 
Cufco.  150  miles  SE.  Cufco.  Long.  69. 
36.  W.  Lat.  14. 40.  N. 

Caraves,  a  fmall  ifland  in  tlie  Eaflern 
Iiidi^.n  Ocean.  Lcr:g.  izi.  38.  E.  Lat.  11. 
58. N. 

Carave/cis,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs, 
into  the  Ailantic,  Lai>  lo,  S,. 


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CiJravl,  a  fmall  iflandin  the  Grecian  Ar- 
chipelago. L^/ng.  tj.  37.  E.  Lnt.  .16.  50.  N. 

Cnrnv'llci,  a  town  of" Naples,  in  the  county 
of  Mjlilc.     12  miles  NvV.  Moliie. 

Ciiraiv,  a  towii  of  Syria,  in  the  p:^chalic 
of Diniifcu';,  iituatcd  on  an  eminence,  in 
which  iire  vcfh'gcs  at  a.  camp  ;  fuppoicd  to 
h  ive  btcn  anciently  ciilod  Ocurara  ;  and 
when  in  poiidrion  of  tlie  Franks,  Carinthia. 
42  miles  NNE.  D  tmafciis. 

Cara'vuTig,  a  kinc^dom  of  Java,  fituated 
on  the  north  lide,  ealhvard  of  Jacarra. 

Ciira  )i'a?fg  Point,  ■  the  call:  point  of  Ba- 
tavi-i  Bav,  on  the  iiland  of  Java.  Long.  107. 
10  E.  Lai.  5.  57.3. 

Criravjj'-g  P-'int,  a  cape  on  tlie  north 
coaft  ofNev/  Guinea.  L'^mg.  133.  30.  E. 
I^at.  o.  to.  S. 

Carazii,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Volga,  vvhere  it  runs  into  the  Caf- 
p'an  fea.  Here  goods  are  landed,  and  ihips 
remain,  when  it  is  thought  necefiary  to  per- 
tbrm  quarantine.,   70  miles  S.  Aftrachan. 

Carajan,  a  town  ofHindoollan,  in  Bahar. 
14  miles  NE.  Bahar. 

Carherj',  an  ifiand  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Ireland,  in  Dunmannus  Bay.  Long.  9.33. 
W.  Lat.si-  31.  N. 

Carhet  St.  Jaqiies-,  a  town  of  Martinico, 
in  the  Weft-lndics.  Long.  61.  10.  W.  Lat. 

14-  39-  ^''• 

Carhhii,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Corfica. 
five  miles  £.  Taliano. 

Carbon,  fee  Aifeo. 

Carhonara,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
country  of  Bari.     %  miles  SSE.  Bari. 

Carhonc,  a  fmall  river  of  Spain,  which 
runs  into  the  Guadalquivir  a  httle  above 
Seville. 

Carh:nero,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caf- 
tile.     14  miles  NNW.  Segovia. 

Carhoni,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Er.filicata. 
16  miles  SW. Turf]. 

Carl:oune,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Garonne.  3  miles 
N.  Ilieux,  ai  S.  Touloiife. 

Carc'it,  a  town  of  Genoa.  7  miles  \VN VY. 
Finale. 

Ctircahuy,  a  tov/n  of  Spain,  in  Cordova. 
8  miles  ENE.  Lucena. 

Ctircv?/,  a  town  of  Hindcofcan,  in  Dow- 
Jatabad.     iz  miles  £.  Calliar.ee-. 

Carcal,  a  town  of  Hindoofhm,  in  Gol- 
conda.     18  miles  SW.  Combamet. 

Car  can,  a  river  of  A'ia,  v.'hich  feparatcs 
the  country  of  Q_ueda  from  Malacca,  and 
runr,  into  the  Stiaits  of  IvLiiacca,  Long. 
i-r?.  28.  E.  Lat.  5.  14.  N. 

CarcanolJU  a  town  on  the  cafl  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Madagafcar.     Lat.  34.  30.  S. 

Ccircar,  a  tov/n  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  on 
the  Ega.     9  miles  Cakhorra. 

Carcara,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  thedepart- 
jneiJt  of  the  S:ura,  on  the  Born:*id:;, ,  In 


1796,  this  tov/n  was  taken  by  the '■French. 
12  miles  E.  Ccva. 

Ccircara,  a  tov/n  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Barca.     1 10  miles  SW.  Tolomcta. 

Carcariola,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  AbruzzD 
Ultra.     22  miles  W.  Aquila. 

Carcajfonnc,  a  City  of  France,  and  prin  ■ 
cipa!  place  of  a  dilfridf,  in  the  depaitmerrt 
of  the  Aude,  formerly  the  capital  of  2 
county,  and  before  tlie  revolution  the  fent 
of  a  governor,  and  the  fee  of  a  biiliop,  fuf- 
fragan  of  Narbonne.  It  is  fituated  on  tlie 
Aude,  and  is  divided  into  Old  and  New 
Tov/n,  ar.d  defended  by  a  caillc,  walls,  and 
ditches.  The  Nev/  Town  is  regularly  built 
in  the  form  of  a  long  fquare.  There  is  a 
conhderable  manufadhireof  fine  cloth.  The 
nu  nbcr  of  inhabitants  is  etfimatcd  at  1 0,00c. 
In  the  year  588,  a  battle  was  fought  ne:T 
thi  town  between  the  Goths  and  the  Frank's, 
in  whch  the  latter  were  defeated.  15  pofls 
NVV.  Perpignan,  97  S.  Paris.  Long.  2.  26. 
E.  Lit.  43.  T3.  N. 

Larcavce,  a  town  of  Iftria.  5  miles  SS W. 
Capo  d'lltria. 

Carcherdt  a  tov/n  ofPerfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince ofChoraftn.     45  miles  NW.  Herat. 

Cai-cra!g,nd.  fmall  ifland  of  Scotland,  in 
the  Frith  of  Forth.  3  miles  SW.  Burnt 
Ifiand. 

CardaiHac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot.  5  miles  N.  Figeac, 
2%  NE.  Cahors. 

Cardaniilia-,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  the  Morea.     12  miles  SW.  Mifitra. 

Carda^iyla,  a  town  on  the  north  coafl  of 
the  ifland  of  Scio.  Long.  26.  3.  E.  Lat. 
38.  34.N. 

Cardcn,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle.  27  miles 
NE.  Treves. 

Cardi;nmjj'a.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Car- 
tile.     12  miles  Avila. 

Cardiff.,  or  Catrdlff,  or  Caer  Dff,  a  town 
of  South-Wales,  and  county  town  of  Gla- 
morganihire,  fituated  on  the  river  T;ifF,  about 
three  miles  from  the  Severn,  faid  to  have 
been  built  in  the  year  io?,o.  The  old  walls 
arc  very  conliderable  and  extenfive.  la  1801 
the  number  of  iniiabitants  was  1870.  The 
inhabitants  carry  on  a  very  conliderable  trade 
Vv'ith  Briftol,  aivd  export. a  great  quantity  of 
call  and  VvTOught  iron  tol-ondon  and  other 
places  ;  and  the  trade  is  moil  likely  to  in- 
creafe,  by  means  of  a  new  navigable  canal 
from  the  iron-works  at  Merthyr-Tydvil, 
about  25  miies  dirtant.  Cardiff  contains  two 
pariihes,  but  only  one  church,  the  other, 
with  many  houfes,  having  L:een  undermined 
and  deitroycd  by  an  inundation  in  the  year 
1607.  This  town  was  formerly  the  refi- 
dence  of  princes,  and  the  feat  of  juflice. 
Robert  Curthofe,  eldefi:  ibn  of  V.'ilham  the_ 
Con-iucror,  v^'as  imurifjried  and  deprived  ct 


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his  fight  by  order  of  his  brother  HenrV  I- 
within  this  caflle,  where  he  ended  his  days, 
after  being  a  prifoner  a6  years.  The  har- 
bour, called  Pennarth,  is  three  miles  down 
the  river,  but  vefFcls  ot  2co  tons  can  come  up 
to  the  town.  It  is  an  ancient  corporation; 
and  in  conjuntlion  with  Cowbridge,  Swan- 
fea,  and  five  other  places,  fends  one  member 
to  parliament.  The  aflizes  for  the  county, 
andthequarter-felnons  are  held  here.  Cardiff 
his  two  markets  weekly,  on  Wednefday  and 
Saturday.  9  z  miles  E.  Haverford weft,  164, 
miles  W.  London.  Long.  3. 10.  W.  Lat. 
51.  28.  N. 

Ccu'digtni.,  a  town  of  South-Wales,  and 
capital  of  a  county  to  which  it  gives  name. 
The  town  is  large  and  populous,  and  was 
fornierly  furrounded  with  walls,  and  de- 
fended by  a  caftle,  now  in  ruins.  It  is  a 
corporation  and  a  borough  town,  returning, 
w'.th  Aberyftwith  andldanbeder,  one  mem- 
ber to  pnrliament.  It  has  a  weekly  market 
on  Satuiday,  and  1911  inhabitants.  In  the 
year  1136,  a  battle  was  fought  here,  be- 
tween the  Engliih  and  Welfli,  in  which  the 
former  were  totally  defeated,  leaving  3000 
men  dead  on  the  field.  97  miles  WNW. 
Moornouth,  225  WSW.  London.  Long. 
4.  42.  W.  Lat.si.S9''^- 

Cardigan  Bay,  a  bav  of  the  Atlantic,  on 
the  weif  coaft  of  V/ales,  weft  and  north-weft 
■of  the  town  of  Cardigan. 

Card'/ganjhire,  a  county  of  South-Wales, 
bounded  en  the  north  by  the  counties  of 
Merioneth  and  Montgomery,  on  the  eafl  by 
the  counuesof  Radnor  andBrecknock,  on  the 
fouth  by  the  counties  of  Carmarrhen  and  Pem- 
broke, and  on  the  weif  bythe  Irifh  Sea;  about 
40  miles  in  length,  20  in  breadth,  and  iro 
in  circumference.  It  contains  five  hundreds, 
fix  market-towns,  and  fends  two  members 
to  parHament,  one  for  the  county,  and  the 
other  for  the  town  of  Cardigan,  &c.  In  1801, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  42,956,  of 
whom  2,896  were  employed  in  trade  and" 
manufai^lures,  and  16,511  in  agriculture. 
The  fea  has  made  great  encroachments,  even 
within  the  memory  of  man,  and  tradition 
fpeaks  of  a  well-inhabited  country,  ftretch- 
ing  far  into  the  Irifli  Channel,  which  has 
been  carried  off  by  the  f^a.  Of  an  exten- 
live  tra6t  formerly  celebrated  for  a  hundred 
towns,  nothing  now  remains  but  two  or 
three  miferable  villages,  and  a  good  deal 
of  ground  in  high  efiimation  for  bailey, 
\vhich  is  the  regular  crop  without  change 
or  intermiflion.  Sea-wccd  is  the  manure 
made  ufe  of,  and  the  quality  of  the  grain 
is  fuch,  that  it  is  fent  to  the  adjacent  coun- 
ti.'s  for  feed-corn.  For  at  leafl  thefe  fixty 
years,  it  is  faid  that  crops  of  barley  have 
been  annually  taken  from  it,  without  any 
caiill:  for  complaining  of  a  diminifiied  pro- 
duce.   This  county  n;ay  be  properly  divid<id 


CAR 

into  tv/0  diflrifts,  the  Lower  and  the  Upland. 
C)f  the  lower  diflrid:,  the  higher  grounds 
are  in  general  a  light  landy  loam,  varying 
in  depth,  from  a  foot  to  four  or  five  inches, 
the  fubftratum  a  flaty  kind  of  rock,  pro- 
ducing, when  judicioufly  treated,  good 
crops  of  turnips,  potatoes,  barley,  and  clo- 
ver; the  ground  ;n  the  valleys  is  very  deep, 
and  with  fome  exceptions,  very  dry,  yielding 
pood  crops  of  h;»y  for  many  years,  without 
furface  manure;  which  is  fcarcely  ever 
thought  of  until  it  is  exhauited  and  becomes 
moffy,  and  then  it  is  turned  up.  The  cli- 
mate is  much  more  mild  than  the  midland 
counties  of  England.  In  this  part  of  the 
country  fnnv^^  feldom  lies  long.  There  are 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Cardigan  iron  and 
tin  works,  eftablifhed  about  30  vears  ago. 
Cats  and  butter  are  thic  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port. The  foil  of  the  upper  diltrift  is  various, 
owing  tothe  unequal  furface;  in  the  valleys 
it  is  chiefly  a  ftifF  clay,  with  a  mixture  of  a 
light  loam.  Barley  and  oats  are  the  prin- 
cipal grain  of  the  county.  Wheat  is  com- 
monly fown ;  but  in  a  lefs  proportion  than 
the  other  two.  The  principal  towns  are 
Cardigan,  Llanbeder,  Abcryftwith,andTre- 
gannon;  the  principal  rivers  are  the  Tewy 
or  Tivy,  the  Yffwith,  and  the  Rheidoh 

Cardina,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mincio.    24  miles  ESE.  Mantua. 

Cardinal's  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the 
eaft  coafl  of  Labrador.  Long.  63.  50.  W. 
Lat.  59.  30.  N. 

Cardio'tejla,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Gre- 
cian Archipelago.     3  miles  W.  Sikino. 

CarditO;  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     8  miles  ESE.  Reggio. 

Cardona,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Catalonia,  on  the  Cardonero.  ft  is  fituated 
at  the  foot  of  a  rock  of  fait,  which  on  the 
fide  of  the  river  appears  cut  perpendicularly, 
forming  a  mafs  of  folid  iiilt  between  four 
and  five  bundled  feet  high,  without  the  leaft 
crevice,  fiffure,  or  ft  rata;  nor  is  any  gypfum 
to  be  found  in  the  neighbourhood.  This 
amazing  rock  is  about  three  miles  in  circunv 
f:rcnce,  and  much  about  the  fame  height  as 
the  adjacent  mountains,  but  its  depth  being 
unknown,  it  cannot  be  ai'i:ertained  on  what 
bafis  it  refts.  The  fait  is  commonly  white 
from  the  bottom  to  the  top,  though  in  fume 
parts  it  is  red,  which  the  people  of  the  coun- 
try cut  into  pieces  like  bricks,  and  think  cf 
ufe  for  pains  in  th.e  fide,  by  applying  it  to 
the  part  after  being  moderately  warmed; 
fometimes  it  is  of  a  light  blue,  bat  thcle  co- 
lours arc  of  no  importance,  as  they  difinppear 
in  grinding,  the  fait  remaining  white  and 
being  eatable,  having  no  flavour  or  tafte, 
either  of  earth  or  vapour.  This  prodigious 
mountain  of  f  lit,  diveftcd  of  any  other  fub- 
ftance,  is  unparalleled  in  Europe  :  feveral 
figures,  candlcfticks,  caikets,  and  othci  toys. 


CAR 

.ire  cut  out  of  this  fak  as  tnnfparcnt  a<; 
crylb!.  The  fiilt  i"?  fo  hard  and  compa^ 
th;U  water  will  no:  Jiirolve  it,  if  it  be  foon 
rubbed  drv  again.  This  mountain  has  a 
coniivierable  f-irhice,  ncverthelefs  the  rain 
does  not  diminiililhe  fa!t.  The  river  which 
runs  at  its  foot  rs  briny,  and  when  it  rains 
the  faltnefs  of  the  water  increafes,  and  kills 
the  fifh :  but  this  efFcfi  does  not  extend 
abo'.  c  nine  railes.  lo  miles  S.  Solfjna,  36 
NVv',  Barce'ona.  Lc'/^.  i.  31.  E.  LaL 
4t.55.N. 

Cares'iiKg  //7i7.'.';/,,ac!ui1:erof  fmall  iflands 
in  the  gulf  of  Florida,  near  the  coaftof  Eiifl:- 
Florida.    Lovg.  81.  50.  W.  Lat.  15.  47.  N. 

Cardonrro,  a  rtver  of  Sp;n'n,  which  runs 
into  the  Llobregat,  at  Manxes,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Catalonia. 

Cardrofs,  a  villag::  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Dumbarton,  on  the  weftcrn  iide 
of  the  Leven.  In  a  cailileat  this  place  died 
the  brave  king  Robert  Bruce.  3  miles  NW. 
Dumbarton. 

CardueU  the  eaflcrn  part  of  Georgia,  of 
which  Teflin  is  the  capital.  The  prince  of 
this  country,  who  was  tributary  in  part  to 
Perda  and  part  to  the  Turks,  a  few  years 
ilnce  revolted,  and  put  himfelf  under  the  pro- 
tedion  of  Ruilia. 

Cardy^  a  rock  in  the  Irifli  fea,  near  the 
eaft  coaft  of  Ireland.  Long.  6.  10.  W.  Lat, 
53-,39-N. 

Carrara,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Segcftan.  80  miles  SE.  Kin. 

Careatfy,  a  town  of  Ceylon.  40  miles 
NNW.  Trinkamaly.  _ 

Carelia,  a  country  in  the  northern  part  of 
Europe,  now  the  Ruffian  government  of 
Viborg.  This  country  became  a  part  of 
Sweden  in  the  year  1293.  In  the  year  1338, 
part  of  it  was  fuirendered  to  Ruflia  ;  in  the 
year  1721,  the  greater  part  of  the  remainder 
was  given  up  to  the  empire. 

Carelogorod,  fee  Kexholm. 

Carema,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Dora.  6  miles  NW.  Ivrea. 

Carehnapo,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the  coaft 
of  the  Paciiic  Ocean.  150  »iiles  S.  Vddivia. 
Lat.4s-  5.  S.  _ 

Care//iata,  an  ifiand  in  the  Eaft -Indian 
fea ;  about  50  miles  in  circumference.  Long. 
108.  50.  E.  Lat.  a.  3a.  N. 

Careljlat,-  fee  'Cart; burg. 

Careuihoidc,  a  tovv'n  of  the  ifland  of  ?vlada- 
gafcar,  near  the  fouth  coaft.  Long.  48.  29. 
W.  Lat.  25.  20.  S. 

Caretiage  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Lucia.  Long.  Go.  ^o.W. 
Lat.i^.y,.-^. 

Carenave,  a  town  of  Ceylon.  54  miles 
NW.  Trinkamalv,  75  N.  Candi. 

Carendar,  or  Kae?idar,  a  tov.'n  of  Perfia, 
in  Chorafan.  In  1221,  this  town  v/as  taken 
by  the  Mogul  Tartars.    40  m'.les  S.  Neia. 


CAR 

Carennac,  a  town  of  France,  In  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot  .ind  Garonne,  on  the 
Dordogne.    7  miles  NW.  St.  Cer6. 

Carcf:ta>:,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diflricft,  in  the  department  of  th© 
Channel,  with  a  port  for  fmall  vefTels  ;  fitu- 
ated  in  a  marlhy  foil,  v/hich  renders  the  air 
unwholcfome.  The  piincinal  commerce  is 
butter  and  cattle.  4  pofts  NNE.  Coutances, 
35  WSW.  Paris.  Long.  i.  10.  W.  Lat. 
49.  rS.  N. 

Carer,  or  Karia,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  fituated  on  Mor.nt  Athos;  the  fitu- 
ation  is  elevated  and  plealimt;  there  are 
feveral  convent?,  and  a  market  every  Satur- 
day for  corn  and  other  provilions.  17  miles 
SE.  Saloniki. 

Cart;t,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  Tyro- 
lele.     12  miles  SW.  Bolzamo. 

Caret  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  America, 
in  the  river  Darien,  of  which  it  is  the  only 
harbour.  Two  or  three  fmall  rivers  empty 
themfelves  Into  it,  and  two  iflands  lie  before 
it :  the  anchorage  ground  is  good,  and  free 
from  rocks.  Long.  11.  W.  Lat.  8.  ro.Ni 

Caret  a:,  rocks  in  the  river  La  Plata,  on 
the  coaft  of  Paraguay  ;  about  9  miles  fioni 
Monte  Video. 

^  Care;,  a  final!  ifland  In  the  Spanifh  Main, 
near  the  coaft  of  Darien.  Lo7ig.  77.  30.  W. 
Lat.  8.  30.  N. 

Carezzano,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Stura,  on  the  Bormida.  5 
miles  SE.  Ceva. 

Car  fa,  a  town  of  Arabia.  176  miles  N  W , 
Jamama. 

Carfagiiano,  or  Cajlel-nuovo  de  Carfag- 
vano,  a  town  of  Italy,  and  capital  of  a  lord- 
fliip,  which,  in  1806,  was  annexed  to  Lucca. 
18  miles  N.  Lucca,  37  SW.  Modena. 

CargOii,  fee  Karek. 

Carha,  a  town  of  Hindooltan,  In  Bcrar. 
58  miles  NNE.  Mahur. 

Carhaix,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftrict,  in  the  department  nf  Fi- 
nifterre,  fituated  on  the  Yer,  In  a  fertiie 
country,  that  feeds  great  numbers  of  catde, 
with  plenty  of  game.  In  1196,  fome  troops 
of  Richard  I.  were  defeated  here  by  the 
French.  19  miles  S.  Morlaix,  and  27  S.  St. 
Pol  deLeon.  Long.'},.:-,\.'^.  Z/7/.48.16.N. 

Carha?!!,  a  village  of  England,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Northumberland,  near  which  a  battle 
was  fought  between  the  Englifh  and  the 
Danes,  in  which  eleven  biihops  and  two 
Engli.'h  counts  were  flain,  befiJes  a  great 
number  of  foldiers.  Here  likewife  was 
fougiit,  in  tlie  year  ioi3,  a  battle  between 
the  IZnglifli  and  the  Scots,  in  which  the  lat- 
ter were  vidorious.  In  tlic  24th  year  of 
Edward  I.  an  abbey  was  burned  here  by  tiie 
Scots,  under  the  command  of  Wallace;  and 
in  the  44tn  yenr  of  Edvv'ard  III.  1370,  Sir 
Jiha  Liibur.!  w2i  ^/-fcated  near  this  plac:, 


C  A  R 

by  the  Scots,  under  the'  command  of  Sir 
John  Cordon,  and  taken  prifoner  with  his 
brother.  5  m.  E.  Kelfo,  28  NW.  Ahnvick. 
■  Cariahad,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  the 
fub.ih  of  Oude.     40  miles  N.  Ludknow. 

Carjary,  a  tov/n  of  Bengal.  15  miles  W. 
Curruckdeah. 

Caiiathain,  a  town  of  Arabia.  240  miles 
ENE.  Mecca. 

Cariati  Nuovoy  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
the  province  of  Calabna  Citra,  the  lee  of 
a  bifliop,  fufFragan  of  St.  Severino,  on  the 
fouthweft  coail  of  the  gulf  of  Tarento. 
35  miles  N.  St.  Severino.  Long.  17.  10.  E. 
Ldt.  39.  38.  N. 

Cariati  Vecchta,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
province  of  Calabria  Citra.  a  miles  S\V. 
CaViati  Nuovo. 

Caribbean  Sea,  that  part  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  which  is  bounded  on  the  norih  by 
the  iflands  of  Jaminca,  St.  Domingo,  Porto- 
Rico,  and  the  Virgin  fflards,  on  the  eaft  bv 
the  Carribbean  Iflands,  0!i  the  fouth  bv  tlie 
Cvountrv  of  Caraccas,  and  on  the  weft  by 
the  Mufketo  fliore. 

Caribbee  IJlands,  the  Weft-India  iflands 
fo  called,  which  lie  in  a  line  from  Angui:!a 
north  to  Tobago  fouth,  and  form  the  weft- 
ern  boundary  of  the  fea  called  CaribbeanSea. 
The  name  has  been  more  locfely  applied  to 
the  whole  of  the  Weft-India  iilands, -but  is 
moie  particularly  underftood  of  that  archi- 
pelago which  lies  between  the  58th  and 
63d  degrees  of  weft  longitude  from  London, 
and  the  nth  and  19th  of  north  latitude. 
The  principal  are  St.  Chriftopher's,  Guada- 
loupe,  Antigua,  Montferrat,  Marigalante, 
called  Leenuard  Ijlar.ds  ;  Dominica,  Marti- 
tinico,  St.  Lucia,  St.  Vincent's,  called  Wind- 
"xard  IJlands ;  Grenada,  Tobago,  Bar- 
badoes,  &c. 

Caribbees,  fmall  iflands  near  the  coaft  of 
South-Am.erica.  Long.  93.  36.  W.  Lat. 
10. 35. N. 

Caribou,  an  ifland  in  Lake  Superior. 
Lo?ig.  85.  30.  W.  Lat.  47. N. 

Caribou,  a  river  of  Canada,  which  runs 
into  the  Saguenay,  Lo/ig.  70.  ".'].  V/.  Laf. 
48.29.N. 

Carical,  a  town  of  Kindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic,  on  a  branch  of  the  Cauvery,  called 
Carical,  near  the  coaft,  where  the  French 
haii  a  fettlemcnt.  In  1760,  it  was  taken  by 
the  Britifli  under  Admiral  Cornilh,  and  the 
i'rench  garrifon  made  pril'oners  of  war.  7 
miles  S.  TranquLbar,  42  ENE.  Tanjorc. 
Loii"^.  79.  51.  E.  Lat.  10. 5  ^.N. 

Caridien,  an  idand  in  the  Indian  fea,  near 
the  weft  coaft  of  the  iiiand  of  Ceylon.  \z 
miles  long,  and  a  wide.  Long.  79.  i,^.  E. 
Lat.  S.  30.  N. 

Carifbocf  Mountains,  a  ridge  of  moun- 
tai-ns,  in  the  wcflcrn  part  of  Noith-Amcrica. 
LoT.g.  iij.  W.  Lai.^Z.  45.  N. 


CAR 

Carter,  a  town  of  Virgmia,  on  the  3(?ft 
bank  of  the  Rappahanock,  near  its  mouth. 
Long.  76.  30.  W.  Lat.  37.  42.  N. 

Carigat,  a  town  of  Hindo'ftan,  in  My- 
fore.  3  miles  E.  Seringapatam. 

Carignan,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardennes,  form.erly  a  pro- 
voftihip,  and  called  Avir,  belonging  to  the 
dukeS  of  Luxemburg,  the  dukes  of  Burgun- 
dv,  and  the  houfe  of  Auftria,  but  at  length 
ceded  to  Louis  XIV.  who  changed  the 
name,  and  erei?ed  it  into  a  duCchy.  It  is 
htuated  on  the  Chiers.  9  miles  ESE.  Sedan, 
and  ic  NW.  Montmedv- 

Carigna?io,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Po,  heretofore  the  capital  of 
a  principality  in  Piedmont,  to  which  it 
gave  name,  on  the  Po.  In  the  year  i  ';36,  it 
was  plundered  and  burned  by  the  French; 
and  in  the  year  1544,  the  fortifications,  ex- 
cept the  citadel,  were  razed,  and  the  preater 
part  of  the  churches  deftroycd.  3  miles 
NNW.  Carmagnola,  8  S.  Turin.  Lo::g. 
7.  41.  E.  Lat.  44.53.  N. 

Catignano,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Sardi- 
nia.    15  miles  WNW.  Terra  Nuova. 

Carigue,  an  ifland  of  Ireland,  on  the  north 
coaft  of  the  county  of  Kerry,  in  the  river 
Shannon.     33  miles  W.  Limerick. 

Carillon,  a  town  of  Canada,  on  the  Uta-  • 
was.     Long.  74.  16.  W.  Lat.  45.  32.N. 

Carimon,  an  ifland  in  the  Straits  of  Ma- 
lacca, about  12  miles  in  length,  and  from  3 
to  5  broad.  Long.  103. 15.  E-  Lat.  i.N. 

Carijjron  Java,  a  clufter  of  iflands  in  the 
Indian  fea.    LoJig.  iio.i<;.'£^.  Lat._';./^Z.S. 

Carinacou,  one  of  tlie  Grenadilla  iflands, 
in  die  Weft-Indies,  with  an  excellent  har- 
bour: it  is  fertile,  and  produces  a  great  deal 
of  cotton,  but  has  little  or  no  frefh  water. 
16  miles  NE.  Grenada.  Long.  61.  22.  W. 
Lat.  12.  30.  N. 

Carinena,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon. 
20  miiles  N.  Calataiud. 

Caringa,  iitovvn  of  Hindooftan,  inGoond- 
wana.     40  miles  W.  Nagpour 

Caringapalaw,  a  town  of  Hindooftan. 
10  miles  SE.  Tinevelly. 

Cari?;i,  a  town  of  Sicilv,  in  the  valley  of 
Mazara,  built  on  the  fite  of  the  ancient  Ilyc- 
cara,  the  birth-place  of  the  celebrated  LaFs. 
When  a  child,  fhe  was  taken  with  the  town 
by  the  Athenians  under  Niceac,  and  publicly 
fold  among  the  prifoners.  At  prefent  it  con- 
tains about  4000  inhabitants.  9  m.  WNVV. 
I'alermo. 

Carijiijl.i  Point,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-wcft 
coaft  of  Ireland.     Long.  9.  58.  W.    Lat. 

Carinola,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Lavora, 
the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  fliftragan  of  Capua.  13 
miles  NW.  Capua,  4  SE.  Sezza. 

Carinthia,  a  country  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Auftria,  bounded  on  Ujg  north  by 


CAR 

Stiria  and  the  archbidiQpi ic  of  Saliburg;  on 
the  eart  by  Stiria,  on  the  ibuth  by  the  Vwietian 
territories  and  Carniola,  and  on  the  welt  by 
theTyrolelc.  The  country isvcry mountain- 
ous and  woody;  in  the  mountains  are  mines 
of  iron  and  Jead.  There  are  many  fertile 
vallies,  which  yield  wheat  and  other  grain, 
but  not  fuflicient  to  fiipply  the  wants  of  the 
inhabitants.  In  this  dutchy  are  31  towns; 
the  inhabitants  are  partly  defcended  from 
the  ancient  Germans,  and  partly  from  the 
Wends;  they  are  almoft  wholly  Roman 
Catholics.  The  archbiiliop  of  Salzburg 
and  thebifhop  of  Bamberg  have  conliderable 
eftates  in  the  dutchy.  The  principal  manu- 
fa«5tures  arethofeof  iron  and  Itcel.  Carinthia 
is  divided  into  Lower  and  Upper.  The 
principal  towns  of  Lower  Carinthia  are  Cla- 
genfurt,  St.  Veit,  St.  Andree,  Wolfsberg, 
and  Gurk;  the  principal  towns  of  Upper 
Carinthia  arc  Viliach  and  Gmund.  A  great 
number  of  lakes  arc  found  in  Caiintliia,  the 
largcft  of  which,  called  IVordtfee,  is  eight 
miles  long,  and  abounds  in  filla.  The  prin- 
cipal rivers  are  the  Drave,  the  Gale,  the 
Moll,  the  Lifer,  the  Glan,  the  Gurk,  and  the 
Lavant. 

Car: [brook,  a  village  of  the  ifle  of  Wight, 
near  Newport,  formerly  a  confiderable  town 
with  a  priory  of  black  monks,  but  at  prefent 
retaining  no  marks  of  its  former  confequcnce, 
except  tlie  remains  of  a  caftle.  Here  was,  it 
is  faid,  a  calllc  or  fort  built  by  the  Britons, 
and  repaired  by  the  Romans,  when  taken  by 
Vefpaiian.  It  was  rebuilt  by  Withgar,  who, 
according  to  Stowe,  was  king  of  the  ifland 
about  the  year  519;  and  from  him  called 
Withgarifburg,  of  which  Carifbrook  is  fup- 
pofed  to  be  a  corruption.  This  building 
again  falling  to  decay  through  length  of 
time,  or  fome  other  caufe,  was  a  fecond  time 
re-edified  in  the  reign  of  King  Henry  I.  by 
Richard  de  Reavers,  earl  of  Devonfliirc ; 
and  Camden  fays,  it  was  once  more  magni- 
iiccntly  rebuilt  by  the  governor  of  the  ifland- 
The  old  caftle  is  included  within  a  more 
modern  fortification,  probably  built  by 
Queen  Elizi-.beth.  It  is  an  irregular  penta- 
gon,, faced  with  flone,  and  defended  by  five 
baftions,  on  the  outiide  of  which  runs  a  deep 
ditch.  The  north  curtain  (perhaps  on  ac- 
count of  its  length!  had  a  break  in  the  mid- 
dle, to  make  a  fl'.nk.  Several  guns  are 
mounted  on  thefe  uoiks,  which  are  faid  to 
be  a  mile  and  half  in  circumference.  Anno 
1136,  Baldwin  de  Redvers,  earl  ofDcvon- 
fliire,  fon  of  liim  who  rebuilt  the  caflie,  de- 
claring for  the  emprefs  Maud,  in  oppofition 
to  King  Stephen,  feized  Exeter;  but  not 
being  able  to  hold  it,  fled  to  this  ifland,  of 
which  he  was  lord,  and  raifing  his  valfuis, 
ftood  here  upon  his  defence.  Stephen,  at- 
tacking the  caffle,  took  it  at  the  firft  aJfault. 
Baldwin  found  means  to  efcape,  but  died  in 
Vot.  I.  1  i 


CAR 

e>ti1e.    On  the  breaking  out  of  the  trouWes 
in  this  ifland  between    King  Charles  I.  and"* 
his  parliament,  Colonel  Brett  and  the  Coun- 1 
tefs  ofPordand  held  this  ciflle  for  the  king.^ 
It  was  befiegcd  by  Moles  Read  mayor  of 
Newport,  at  the  head  of  tiie  militia  of  that 
town,  afTifled  by  400  failors;  the  garriilijn  ; 
then  confifled  of  only  twenty  men,  and  for- 
this  fmal!  number  there  was  not  three  days*  • 
provifions;    they  however  furrcndcred  oa 
honourable  terms.     In  die  year  1647,  King. 
Charles  I.  having  efcapcd  from  Hampton.' 
Court,   retired  to  this  illand,  of  which  Coh 
Hammond,  nephew  to  his  favourite  chaplain* 
\yas  governor;  he  was  Dy  him.  on  the  14th  of 
November,  brought  to  this  calf  le.     Here  a 
negociation    commenced   between  the  king 
and  his  parliament,  in  which,  perhaps,  nei-. 
ther  party  aiited  with  proper  fincerity.    A 
little  before  this  treaty,  the  king,   it  is  faid,- . 
being  informed  that  he  was  in  danger   of- 
afl'aihnation,   concerted  mcaflires  for  an  ef. 
cape.     Of  this  it  is  probable  Hammond  bad- 
notice,  Vv'hereupon  the  king   was  confined 
clofc  prifoner,  and  at  the  fame  time  time  all 
his   faidiful  fervants  were  difcharged,  and 
turned  out  of  the  garrifon.     Here  on  Sep- 
tember 8,  1650,   died  his  daughter  Princefs 
Elizabeth,  whom  the  levelling  rulers  at  that 
time  intended  to  apprentice  to   a  button- 
maker.     She  was  buried  on  the  lath  of  the 
lame  month  at  Newport. 

Caritan  Point,  a  cape  on  the  wefl  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Negros.  Lo?ig.  i2z.  48.  E. 
Lat.  9,  30.  N. 

Carijlo,  or  Cajiel  RoJJh,  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  the  ifland  of  Negropont, 
the  fee  of  a  Greek  bifhop,  fufTragan  of  Ne- 
gropont.  It  is  lituated  at  the  fouthern  ex- 
tremity of  the  ifland.  It  was  formerly  called 
Carillos,  and  cfteemed  one  of  the  principal 
towns  of  Eubcea.  45  miles  SE.  Negropont. 
Long.  24-  2,S''^-  Lat.  38.  3.  N. 

Cariftran,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Romania.     65  m,  NW.  Conftantinople. 

Canty,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  runs 
into  the  Efii  in  the  county  of  Forfar. 

Ccirivclany  ov  St.  Niniati'i,  one  of  the  . 
fmaller  Hebrides  among  thofe  called  Sheant 
iflands.     Long.  6.  20.  W.  L  it.  si-  SI-  '^• 

Carizal,  a  town  of  Nevv^  Mexico,  in  New 
Navarre.     140  miles  SW.  Cafa  Grande. 

Carl  Giijtavadji,  or  EfckUjluna,  a  towa 
of  Sweden,  in  the  province  of  Sudermania. 
54  miles  W.  Stockholm.  Lc?:g.  16.  i8.W, 
Lat.  59.  20.  N. 

CarlGujla^s,  a  town  of  Sweden,  xn  Weft- 
Bothnia.  12  miles  N.  Tornea.  Long.  23.. 
58.  E.     /..?.'.  65.  58. N. 

Carlat  de  Co7nti:,  (Le,J  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Arriege.  ai  miles 
NNW.  Tarafcon. 

Ciirlat,  a  tov.n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
men;  of  the  Cantal.    ^ '  niiles  SE.  Auriilac. 


CAR 

Carlhurg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
fhopric  of  Wurzburg,  with  a  caftle  built  by 
Charles  the  Bald,  on  the  Maine,  oppofite 
Carlftadt.  ii  miles  N.  Wurzburg. 
Carleby,  fee  Kcirleby. 
Carhnti^ii,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Sicily, 
m  the  valley  of  Noto,  built  by  the  emperor 
Charles  V.  It  contains  about  2000  inhabi- 
tants.   2  miles  E.  Lentini. 

Carlepont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Oife.     4  miles  S.  Noyon. 

Carleton  Cove,  a  cove  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Anticofti.  Long.  6a.  30. 
W.  Lat.^^.  47- N. 

Carlejlehy  a  fortrefs  near  Prague,  built 
by  the  emperor  Charles  IV. 

Carlingford,  a  feaporttown  of  Ireland,  in 
the  county  of  Louth,  fituated  in  a  bay  to 
which  it  gives  name;  chiefly  celebrated  for 
its  oyfters.  The  bay  is  a  fine  haven  branch- 
ing from  the  Irifh  fea,  with  20  fathom  water. 
Carlingford, before  the  union,  fent  two  mem- 
bers to  the  Irifh  parliament.  In  1388,  it  was 
taken  by  a  party  of  Scots,  under  the  Earl 
of  Fife.  47  m.  N.  Dublin,  24  SSE.  Armagh. 
Long.  6.  8.  W.     Lat.  54.  i-  N. 

Carlijle,  an  ancient  city  of  England,  and 
capital  of  the  county  of  Cumberland,  fur- 
rounded  with  awall,  and  defended  by  a  callle 
and  citadel.  The  walls  and  citadel  are  in 
a  ruinous  ftate,  but  the  caftle  is  kept  in  repair. 
It  is  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fufFragan  of  the 
Archbifhop  of  York :  it  contains  2  churches, 
■with  feveral  other  places  of  religious  worfnip. 
It  is  governed  by  a  mayor  and  aldermen, 
and  fends  two  members  to  parliament.  It  is 
fituated  at  the  conflux  of  the  rivers  Eden, 
Peterell,  and  Cauda,  which  foon  after  fall 
into  the  fea  in  Solway  Frith.  Its  peculiar 
vicinity  has  occafioned  its  refpeftive  gates 
to  be  diftinguifhed  into  Englifh,  Scotch,  and 
Irifli.  In  1 148,  Prince,  afterwards  King 
Henry  II.  was  knighted  here  with  great  fo- 
lemnity  by  David  king  of  Scotland.  This 
city  was  burned  by  the  Scots  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.  and  twice  by  accident  in  the  reign 
df  Edward  I.  In  the  reign  of  Edward  II. 
it  was  burnt  by  Robert  Bruce,  and  the  go- 
vernor, Andrew  Harcla,  who  was  earl  of 
Carliflc,  joining  with  Bruce,  was  arrefted  in 
the  caftle,  and  hanged  there.  .  It  fuflcred 
very  fevcrely  in  the  civil  wars  between  the 
houles  of  York  and  I-ancaftcr.  It  was  taken 
by  the  parliament  forces  under  Lefley.  In 
the  year  1745,  it  was  feizcd  by  the  rebels, 
but  was  foon  afterwards  retaken  by  the  Duke 
"cf  Cumberland.  Tlie  principal  manufac- 
tures in  Carlillc  are  cotton-yarn,  cotton  and 
linen  checks,  grey  cottons,  Ofhaburghs, 
coarfc  linen,  drills,  pocketing,  worftcd-fliag, 
lilk  and  cotton  fine y  pieces,  flam pcd  cottons, 
hats,  fliami'is  and  tanned  leather,  linfeys, 
nails,  coarf'j  knives,  ftockings,  drclFcd  flax, 
foap,  caiulkr,  uankecns,  and  ropes.  ■  Tiic 


CAR 

number  of  inhabitants  in  1801  was  10,22?* 
There  are  two  markets  weekly,  Wednefday* 
and  Saturdays.  The  town  feflions  are  held 
four  times  a  year,  and  the  aflizes  for  the 
county  once  a  year.  104  miles  S.  Glafgow, 
300  N.  London.  Long.  3.  5.  W.  Lat.  54. 
50.  N. 

Carlijley  a  to\vn  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  in  Pennfylvania,  the  feat  of  jnftice 
for  the  county  of  Cumberland ;  containing 
three  churches,  above  300  houfes,  and  1600 
inhabitants.  93  m.W.  Philadelphia.  Long. 
77.  12.  W.  Lat.  40.  12.  N. 

Carlifle  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  ifland  of  Bar- 
badoes,  fouthward  of  Bridge-town. 

Carlijle  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  ifland  of  An- 
tigua.    3  miles  W.  Falmouth. 

Carlijle  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  Long.  77.  6.  W. 
Lat.  17.  47.  N. 

Carlijle  Lagoon,  a  bay  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Egmont,  or  New  Guernfey, 
in  the  Southern  Pacific  Ocean,  between 
How's  Point  and  Portland's  ifland.  Long, 
164.  16.  E.    Z/^/.  10.42.  S. 

Carlo,  an  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Bothnia, 
about  20  miles  in  circumference,  nearly  of 
a  circular  form,  but  interfered  by  a  deep  bay 
on  the  fouth  coaft,  and  another  on  the  eaft. 
It  has  a  town  called  Kirkby  in  the  centre. 
Long.  24.  40.  E.  Lat.  65.  2.  N. 

Carlos  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  Eaft- 
Florida,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  Long.  82. 
20.  W.  Lat.  26.  40.  N. 

Carlobago,  a  town  of  Morlachia,  fituated 
at  the  foot  of  a  craggy  mountain,  near  the 
channel,  which  feparates  the  ifland  of  Pago 
from  the  continent,  v/hich  is  about  two  miles 
acrofs,  and  on  account  of  the  wind  fome- 
times  impaffable  for  feveral  days  fucceffively. 
It  is  a  town  that  does  not  contain  above 
loco  inhabitants,  without  walls  or  fortifica- 
tions, except  an  infignificant  fquare  tower  ; 
notwithftanding  the  Auftrian  government 
gives  it  the  title  of  a  city.  In  former  times 
there  was  a  caftle,  called  Scrlfla,  where  Car- 
lobago now  ftands ;  it  belonged  to  the  Tor- 
quati,  counts  of  Corbavia,  who  kept  a  vii- 
count  in  it;  and  when  that  family  was  ex- 
tind,  it  became  one;of  the  ftrong  places  of 
the  Ufcocchi,  and  was  in  16 16,  burnt  and 
demolifhed  from  the  foundation  by  the  Ve- 
netians, who  did  not  care  to  keep  poffeflion 
of  that  horrid  country,  to  which  nature  has 
denied  even  water  to  drink;  yet  in  fpite  of 
the  difiidvantages  of  fituation,  the  ruins  of 
ScrifTa  arofe  again,  being  found  the  moft 
convenient  place  to  export  the  commodities 
of  Lika,  which  lies  direcftly  on  the  other  fide 
of  tlie  mountain  Morlacca,  forming  a  part 
of  Mediterranean  Croatia.  The  trade  of 
the  Carlobagians,  confifts  chiefly  of  wood. 
They  have  no  ground  fit  for  vines  or  corn; 
their  territory  is  altogether  iiouey ;  and  fct-* 


CAR 

fides  the  rigid  temperature  of  the  air,  renders 
it  unfit  for  cultivation,  in  conllqucnce  ot 
thefe  natural  diiadr;intages,they  are  obliged 
to  bring  every  thing  they  want  from  other 
parts;  tlicir  wine  and  oil  are  brought  from 
Dalmatia,  and  the  Venetian  iiknds.  The 
Emprefs  Queen  caufed  a  road  to  be  made 
from  Carlobago  to  I.ikii,  but  it  was  ex- 
ceedingly ill  executed,  and  is  Very  diffe- 
rent from  the  other  Auftrian  roads :  it  is 
imprafticable  for  carriages,  and  bad  enough 
on  horfcback,  amidlt  dreadful  rocks  and 
thick  woods.  Near  the  town  is  a  convent 
of  capuchins.  40  miles  S.  Bukari.  Long. 
ij.  i;,.  E.  Lat,  44-  S$'  N. 

Carictia,  ( La,j  a  liourilTiing  village  or 
town  of  Spain,  in  the  province  of  Andalufia, 
built  in  die  year  1769,  for  German  and  Ita- 
lian emigrants.  The  houfcs  are  fcattered 
about ;  the  pariih  church,  inn,  diredor's 
houfe,  fome  Ihops  and  dwellings  for  handi- 
craftsmen, form  a  very  neat  village  on  an 
eminence.  About  ao  or  30  acres  was  an 
allotment  for  a  family,  under  the  obligation 
of  remaining  on  the  (pot  ten  years  ;  during 
■which  period  they  were  fubjed  to  no  taxes 
of  any  kind.  At  the  expiration  of  the  term, 
if  they  chufe  to  fettle  here,  the  land  is  made 
over  to  them  in  fee;  and  they  commence 
payment  of  a  fmall  quit-rent.  The  king  fur- 
nilhes  them  with  feed  corn,  but  they  are 
obliged  to  replace  it  in  his  granaries  after 
harveft.     15  miles  S.  Cordova. 

Carhvaji,  a  town  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Samos.  Z.^;?^.  26.46.  E.  Lat. 
37-5I-N. 

Carlovitza,  or  Carloivltz,  or  Karlonvlfz, 
a  town  of  Sclavonia,  on  the  Danube,  the  fee 
of  a  Greek  archbilhop.  This  town  is  remark- 
able for  a  peace  concluded  here  in  1699, 
between  the  Emperor  of  Germany  and  tiie 
Turks.  7  miles  SE.  Peterv/ardein,  30  NW. 
Belgrade. 

Carlovj,  or  Catherloughy  a  county  of  Ire- 
land, bounded  on  the  north  by  Queen's 
County,  Kildare,  and  Wicklow,  on  the 
fouth-eaft  by  the  county  of  Wexford,  on  the 
fouth-welt  and  weft  by  the  county  of  Kil- 
kenny ;  a6  miles  long,  and  23  in  it?  greatelt 
breadth.  It  contains  214  fquare  miles,  and 
220,098  Englifli  acres,  and  50  parilhcs,  with 
8763  houfes,  and  44,000  inhabitants.  Some 
parts  are  rough  and  riiountainous,  but  others 
are  plain  and  fertile.  The  principal  towns 
are  Carlow,  Leighlinbridge,  and  Tullow. 
Three  members  are  returned  to  the  Imperial 
parliament,  viz.  two  for  the  county,  and  one 
for  the  town  of  Carlow. 

Carloiv,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Carlow,  on  the  eafh  (ide  of  the  Barrow. 
It  fends  one  member  to  the  Imperial  Parlia- 
ment.  In  1798,  this  tov/n  was  attacked  by 
the  rebels  in  the  night,  but  they  were  repul- 
iei  with  great  lofs.    16  miles  Ni'JE.  Kii- 


C  A  R 

kennv,  m  WSW.  Wicklow.    Lon^.  6.58. 
W.  Zrt>.,?2.  JO.  N. 

Carlesbad,  or  //'/^ry,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
in  the  circle  of  Saiu/.,  on  the  river  Topal, 
near  the  Egra,  celebrated  for  its  baths  of  hot' 
water,  difcovered  in  the  year  1370,  by  the 
emperor  Charles  IV.  as  he  was  hunting.  6 
milts  NE.  Elnbogen,  56  W.  Prague.  Lcng. 
IX.  52.  E.  Lat.  50.  I2.;N. 

CarlJhrmiiZ  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Chrudim.     6' miles  S.  Leutmifchl. 

Carljh'urg,  or  Carlestadt,  a  town  of  the 
dufchy  of  Bremen,  founded  as  a  fortrefs  by 
Charles  X.  king  of  Sv-eden,  on  the  river 
Geeftc,  which  after  filling  the  ditches  runs 
into  the  Wefer.     In   1676,  it  was  taken  by 
the  Duke  of  Brunfwick,  butrellored  in  1679. 
In  1698,   Charles  XII.   granted   liberty   of 
confciencc,  and   30   years  exemption  from 
taxes  to  thofe  who  would  fettle  there.    30 
miles  N.  Bremen,    25  W.  Stade.     Lojtg. 
8.  37.  E.  Lat.  sz'  .■^.l-N. 
Carljh'urg,  fee  V/eiJfanhiirg. 
CarIfcro7ia,  a  feaport  town  of  Sweden,  m 
the    province  of   Blekingen,    founded    by 
Charles  XI.  in  the  year  1680,  who  removed 
the  fleet  from  Stockholm  to  this  place.   The 
greateft   part  ftands   upon    a  fmall   rocky 
illand,  which   rifes  gently  in  a  bay  of  the 
Baltic ;    the  fuburbs   extend  over   another 
fmall  rock,  and  along  the  mole  clofe  to  the 
bafon,  where  the  fleet  is  moored.    The  way 
into  the  town  from  the  main  land  is  carried 
over  a  dyke  to  an  ifland,  and  from  thence 
along  two  long  wooden  bridges,  joined  by  a 
barren   rock.     The  town   is  fpacious,  and 
contains  about   18,000   inhabitants.      It  is 
adorned  with  one  or  two  handfome  churches, 
and  a  few  tolerable  houfes  of  brick,  but  the 
generality  of  the  buildings  are  of  wood.    The 
luburbs  are  fortified  towards  the  land  by  a 
ftone  wall.    The  entrance  into  the  harbour, 
which  by  nature  is  extremely  difhcult  from 
a  number  of  fhoals  and  rocky  iflands,  is  ftill 
further  fecurcd  from  the  attackof  an  enemy's 
fleet  by  two  ftrong  forts,  built  on  two  iflands, 
under  the  batteries  of  which  all  veflels  muit 
pafs.    In    1 7 14,  a  large  dock  was  begun 
to  be  hollowed  in  the  Iblid  rock,  and  made 
large  enough  to  receive  fliips  of  the  largeft 
fize  ;  this  was  finilhed  in  ten  years.    The 
harbour  is   large   and    commodious,    with 
depth  of  water  lufficient  for  fliips  of  the  firft 
rate.     The  (hips   are   built  at  Carlfcrona, 
chiefly  by  Englifli  artifans.     Though  the 
provinces  of  Blekingen  and  Skone  abound 
with  oaks,  yet  as  thtre  is  not  a  fufHciency 
for  a  continued  fupply,  the  Swedes  procure 
their  fliip  timber  from  Germany.    They  are 
i'upplied   from   their   own   territories   with 
mafts  and   deals,  pitch   and  tar,    and  the 
greateft  part  of  the  flax  ufeJ  in  the  navy  ; 
and  manufav^ture  their  own  ropes  and  fails 
from  hemp^  chiefly  imported  from  Riga. 
I  i  » 


CAR 


CAR 


They  caft  their  own  cannon,  and  make  their 
own  gunpowder  with  Swedifh  faltpetre. 
Long.  15.  24.  E.  Lat,  (id.  12.  N. 

Carhfeld,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Erzgebirg.  z%  miles  SSW.  Chem- 
riits,  16  S.  Zuickau. 

i.Lirljhamn^  or  CarlJIjaveti,  a  feaport  of 
Sweden,  in  the  province  of  Bleffingen,  in 
the  Bahic,  built  in  the  year  1658,  by  Charles 
X.  Here  is  a  woollen  manufafture,  and  a 
forge  for  copper,  and  a  timber-yard.  In 
1676,  this  town  was  taken  by  the  Danes. 
42  miles  W.  Carlfcrona.  Lottg.  14.  39.  E. 
Lat.  56.  12. N. 

Carls  haven,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  HefTe,  at  the  conflux  of  the 
Dime!  and  the  Wefer,  with  a  harbour  for 
boats.     I  mile  E.  Helmeriliaufen. 

Carlshoff,  an  iflet  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean,  about  nine  miles  in  circumference, 
fo  called  by  Roggewin  in  1732.  Lo?!g.  140. 
30.  W.  Lat.  15.  45.  N. 

Carlesviarckt,  a  town  of  Silefla,  in  the 
.principality  ofBrieg,  on  theStober.  9  miles 
E.  Brieg,  8  NE.  Grottgau.  Long.  17.  40. 
E.  Lat.  50.  47.  N. 

Carlfoar,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Baltic,  near 
the  welt  coaft  of  tlie  ifland  of  Gothland. 

Carlfruhe,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
-dutchy  of  Biden,  fituated  on  a  forefl:,  where 
•the  prince  has  a  fine  palace  and  gardens.  It 
w/as  founded  by  the  marggrave  Charles  Wil- 
liam, in  the  year  1715.  Here  are  four 
churches,  two  for  Roman  Catholics  and  two 
for  Proteftants,  a  fynagogue  for  Jews,  and 
about  400  houfes,  all  of  an  uniform  height. 
3  miles  NW.  DurlacK,  1 1  S.  Philipfburg. 
,  Carljladt,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Warmeland,  built  on  an  ifland  cal- 
led Tingwalia,  in  the  river  Clara,  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  Wenner  lake;  agreeably 
lituated,  and  commercial,  with  manufa6furcs 
of  woollen  and  linen,  copper  and  iron. 
Near  it  is  a  medicinal  fpring.  It  is  the  fee 
of  abifljop,  and  contains  about  1500  inhabi- 
tants. 160  miles  W.  Stockholm.  Long.i;^. 
-9.  E.  L.it.  <;.j.  20.  N. 

Carljladt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifliopric  of  Wurzburg,  on  the  Maine.  la 
miles  NW.  Wurzburg. 

Carljladt,  or  Carlo^vitz,  a  fortrefs  of  Cro- 
atia, at  the  conflux  of  the  rivers  Culpa  and 
Corona.  164  miles  SSW.  Vienna,  204  W. 
Belgrade. 

Carljhin,  a  fortrefs  of  Sweden,  in  the 
prefeflurate  -of  Bohus,  near  the  town  of 
Marfl:rand. 

Carljlcln,  a  citadel  of  Bohemia,  in  tlic  cir- 
cle of  Beraun,  crcTHcd  by  tirdcr  of  Charles 
IV.  in  tlK  middle  of  the  i-4th  centurn  and 
allotted  for  keeping  the  jewels  of  the  empire, 
privileges,  and  n.-liques.  In  1422,  it  held 
n  fiege  againll  the  IIulHtcs,  5  miles  E. 
]i  eraun. 


Carlton^ s  Ifland,  an  ifland  in  the  river  St. 
Laurence,  with  an  excellent  harbour,  ftore- 
houfe,  fort,  and  garrifon. 

Carlton  IJla7id,  an  ifland  in  lake  Ontario, 
a  little  to  the  eaft  of  Wolf  iflandi 

Carlucet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot.    "9  miles  E   Gourdon. 

Carlus,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-? 
ment  of  the  Dordogne.     6  miles  E.  Sarlat.- 

Carmagnola,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Po,  annexed  to  the  repub- 
lic with  the  marquifate  of  Saluzzo.  The 
word  is  fuppofcd  to  be  a  diminutive  of  Car- 
magna,  the  name  of  a  town  near,  as  if  called 
Little  Carmagna;  but  the  inhabitants  of  the 
neighbourhood  afl'embling  by  little  and  little 
at  Carmagnola,  the  latter  became  larger  than 
the  former  ;  and  when  Saluzzo  had  its  par- 
ticular marquifes,  Carmagnola  gave  the  title 
of  compte  to  their  eldeft  fons.  In  the  war 
between  the  ImperiaHflis  and  the  French,  the 
latter  fortified  Carmagnola  with  walls  and 
ditches,  and  enlarged  the  citadel ;  they  de- 
molifhed  the  fauxbourgs,  which  were  too 
large,  and  made  it  one  of  the  ftrongefl 
places  on  the  frontiers  of  Piedmont.  After 
the  definition  of  the  fauxbourgs, four  other^ 
were  built,  as  large  as  the  former,  but  500 
paces  from  the  town ;  they  are  well  peopled, 
and  divided  into  four  pariihes.  Carmagnola 
has  only  one  parifli  within  the  walls.  ■  The 
whole  number  of  inhabitants  of  the  town 
and  fauxbourgs  is  computed  at  6500.  The 
market  is  very  much  frequented,  not  only 
by  the  Piedmonteie,  but  alio  by  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Dauphiny,  Nice,  and  the  country 
of  the  Genevefe.  In  1691,  Carmagnola  was 
taken  by  the  French,  and  foon  after  retaken 
by  the  Spaniards.  11  m.  SSE.Turin,  I3NNE. 
Saluzzo.     Long.  7.  43.  E.  Lat.  44.  50-  N. 

Carviagnac,  ai'mall  ifland  in  the  Adriatic. 
Long.  15.  2.  E.  Lat.  44.  30.  N. 

Carvwanx,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Tarn.     6  miles  N.  Alby. 

Carviel  IVatcr,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which 
runs  into  the  Irvine,  in  Renfrewfliire. 

Carmen.,  or  Karnioe,  an  ifland  near  the 
weft  coafl;  of  Norway,  about  14  miles  long, 
and  2  broad.     Lat.  $9-  30.  N. 

Car?n!gna?:':,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
province  of  Otranto.     10  miles  N.  Nardo. 

Carminaf  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia.  30 
miles  NE.  Bukhara. 

Carnio,  a  town  of  Brafll,  in  tlie  govern- 
ment of  Goyas,  on  the  river  Tocantin.  145 
miles  NE.  Villalwa.     Lat.  15.  18.  N. 

Canno7!a,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Andalufia ;  it  was  known  to  the 
-ancients  "by  the  name  of  Carmo,  and  was 
efteemcd  by  Cjefiir  one  of  the  lii-ongell 
towns  in  the  country.  It  received  the  title 
nf  city  from  Philip  IV.  after  the  inhabir 
tauts  had  made  him  a  prefent  of  40,000 
docats.    Carniona  is  a  large  town^  ilanding 


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boldlyonahigh  hill.  Its"cafl:Ie,inrLiins, covers 
a  vift  extent  of  ground,  and  contains  many 
buildings  that  ferved  for  a  palace  and  fortrels 
to  Don  Pedro  the  Cniel,  and  his  family. 
He  placed  his  main  hope  in  the  ftrength  of 
his  caftle,  and  in  the  faithful  attachment  of 
Don  Martin  Lopez  de  Cordova,  grand- 
inaftcr  of  the  order  of  Calatrava.  Henry 
of  Tranftamare,  after  the  defeat  and  murder 
of  Pedro,  in  the  plains  ofMontiel,  laid  liege 
to  Carmona,  took  it  by  capitulation,  together 
with  the  children,  and  treafures  of  the  late 
king,  and  bafely  breaking  his  word  of  ho- 
nour, caufed  Lopez  to  be  beheaded  for  his 
oblHnate  refiftance.  Carmona  has  many 
Roman  remains  of  walls,  infcriptions,  &c. 
to  fliew  as  proofs  of  its  ancient  importance. 
,13  m.  N£.  Seville,  40  SW.  Cordova.  Long. 
5.  ,^0.  W.  Lat.  37.  50.  N. 

Carmidla,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.  70  m.  N.  Vifiapoyr,  88  E.  Poonah.- 
Long.  75.  22.  E.  Lat.  18.  40.  N. 

Cania,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 

of  the  Adda  and  Oglio.    7  m.  SSW.  Breno. 

Carnabat^  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 

in  Romania,  celebrated  for  its  manufacture 

of  Turkey  leather.     50  miles  W.  Burgas. 

CarnaCt  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  fite  of 
the  ancient  Thebes,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Nile,  where  there  are  fome  magnificent  ruins. 
Carnada,  fee  Cartiatic. 
Caniahora,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Red  Ruflia.    60  miles  S.  Halicz. 

Cartial  Manazcdi  a  town  of  Arabia.  40 
miles  ESE.  Mecca. 

Caniamart,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs 
into  Gal  way  Bay,  12  m.  W.  Loughrea. 

Caniatic,  a  country  of  Hindoolfan,  lying 
along  the  coafl  of  Coromandel,  from  Cape 
Comorin,  in  Lat.  8.  to  16.  N.  400  miles  in 
length,  and  from  40  to  100  in  breadth.  The 
Carnatic,  or  Carnada,  anciently  called  Na- 
rafinha,  in  early  periods  was  fubjed  to  the 
King  of  Bifnagar:  it  afterwards  came  under 
the  dominion  of  the  Grand  Mogul,  and  was 
governed  by  a  viceroy  or  nabob.  In  1740, 
it  was  conquered  by  the  Mahrattas,  and  they 
in  their  turn  were  driven  out  by  the  Nabob 
of  Arcot,  who  had  revolted  from  the  Mogul, 
and  was  fupported  by  the  Englifh.  Since 
the  year  1787,  the  whole  country  has  been 
under  the  fubjecftion  or  abfolute  controul  of 
the  Englifh  Eafl-India  Company.  The 
country  of  Ongole,  Madura,  and  Tinevelly, 
are  included  in  the  Carnatic.  The  principal 
towns  are  Arcot,  Madras,  Ongole,  Pondi- 
cherry,  Cuddalore,  Tanjore,  Tritchinopoly, 
Madura,  and'Tinevellv.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Pennai',  the  Paliar,  and  tlie  Cauvery. 
Carnatic  Gur,  a  town  of  Hindooibn,  in 
the  Carnatic.     18  miles  SW.  Arcot. 

Carnaivl,  a  tov/n  of  Hindoolfan,  in  the 
circar  of  Sirhind.  In  1739,  Kouli  Kan 
pitched  his  tent  in  a  plain  near  this  town, 


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and  the  Mogul  emperor's  -army  being  en- 
camped on  the  fame  fpot,  a  battle  enfued,  in 
which  the  former  was  victorious.  Another 
battle  was  fought  here  in  1761,  between  the 
Mahrattas,  and  the  Sheiks  under  Abdalla,  in- 
which  the  former  were  defeated  with  great 
lols.  75  miles  NNVV.  Delhi.  Long.  77.  9. 
E.  Lat.  29.  42.  N. 

Carnd'uirflig,  a  mountain  of  Scotland, 
near  Kincardine,  in  the  county  of  Rofs. 

Cartieland,  a  duller  of  fmall  iflands  in 
the  Spaniih  Main,  near  the  coaft  of  Nicara- 
gua.    Long.  83.  46.  W.  Lat.  13.  N. 

Camera,  one  of  the  fmallcr  Cape  Verde 
iflands,  which  is  little  more  tlian  a  rock. 
Carneroi  lee  Qiiarnero. 
Caruefs,  a  caf)0  of  Scotland,  on  the  north 
coaft  of -the  ifland  of  Pomona.     2  miles  N. 
Kirkwall.    Z^;;_^.  2.48.W.  Z^?/.  58.53.  N. 
Carneiv,  avillage  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Wexford.     Here   tlie  military  were  de- 
feated by  the  infurgents  in  1798,  and  about 
80  of  the  former  killed. 

Carney,  a  town  of  Syria.  5  miles  S. 
Bairout. 

Carnicohar,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Inii -n 
fea,  and  the  mofl  northerly  of  thole  called 
Nicobar.  Carnicobar  is  a  low  level  ifland, 
hardly  more  than  fix  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  lea,  exceedingly  fertile.  About  the 
borders  there  are  innumerable  cocoas,  and 
other  fruit-trees;  oranges,  citrons,  lemons, 
bananas,  limes,  plantains,  yams,  and  fweet 
potatoes  abound  :  hogs  breed  in  multitudes, 
and  are  the  property  of  thofe  who  catch 
them.  Here  are  likewife  fowls  and  pigeons, 
but  no  fort  of  grain.  iThe  inhabitants  are  a 
ftout  healthy  people,  generally  above  the 
middle  ftature,  with  features  and  complexion 
like  the  Malays,  but  their  noles  not  fo  flat. 
The  men  are  fond  of  wearing  hats  and  Eu- 
ropean apparel  in  general,  when  they  can 
get  it;  but  the  native  habit  is  no  other  than 
a  long  ffripe  of  blue  cotton  cloth,  about  a 
fpan  wide,  round  their  middle  and  between  • 
their  thighs :  they  jive  in  fmall  villages,  for 
the  convenience  of  carrying  cocoa  nuts  to 
the  fliips.  The  houfes  are  railed  twelve  or 
fourteen  feet  from  the  ground  on  wooden 
pillars;  the  tops  are  conjcal,  and  thatched 
with  long  gral's :  fome  of  thcfe  houlcs  are 
large  enough  to  contam  three  or  four  fami- 
lies; th(jy  all  flecp  in  little  hammocks,  made 
of  matted  grafs,  or  the  rind  of  trees  ;  the 
males  on  one  fide,  and  the  females  on  the 
other.  Indulf  ry  is  unknown,  for  nature  lup- 
jilics  all  their  wants;  nor  is  it  underllood 
that  they  have  any  religion.  Long.  93.  \^. 
E.  Lat.  9.  10.  N. 

Caruiola,  (Dutchy  of,)  a  country  of  Ger- 
many, in  liie  circle  of  Aullria,  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Stiria  and  Carinthii,  on  the 
calf  by  Dalmatia  and  Croatia,  on  the  fouth 
by  llhui  and  the  Ad,i'iaiic,  and  on  the  well 


c  A  a 

by  the  country  of  Goritz,  Friuli,  and  the 
Adriatic.  It  meafures  in  its  greateft  extent 
1 20  miles  from  eaft  to  weft,  and  100  from 
north  to  fouth.  It  is  for  the  moft  part  moun- 
tainous; fome  of  the  mountains  are  covered 
with  wood,  others  are  naked,  and  many  of 
them  have  their  tops  continually  covered 
with  fnow.  There  are,  however,  many  fruit- 
ful vallies  and  fields,  which  yield  not  only 
good  paiiurage,  but  excellent  corn,  hemp, 
fiax,  and  millet.  Here  are  likewife  found 
vines,  from  which  is  made  an  excellent  wine, 
both  white  and  red;  chelhuts,  walnuts,  olives, 
oranqes,  citrons,  lemons,  pomegranates,  al- 
monds, figs,  &c.  Homed  cattle  and  horfes 
are  bred  in  great  plenty,  with  all  forts  of 
venifon  and  fowl.  The  mountains  yield 
iron,  lead,  and  copper.  It  is  reckoned  to 
contain  56  towns,  200  cit;;dels,  and  4000 
villages.  The  common  people  are  of  Scla- 
vonian  origin,  but  the  nobility  are  for  the 
moft  part  Germans.  The  tv/o  principal 
languages  in  Carniola  are  the  Sclavonic  and 
the  German.  Moft  of  the  inhabitants  are 
Roman  Catholics,  The  exports  from  Car- 
niola arc  iron,  fteel,  quickfilvcr,  v/hite_  and 
red  wine,  olive  oil,  cattle,  flieep,cheefe,linen, 
a  kind  of  wool  ftuff'  called  Mahalan,  Spanifli 
leather,  honey,  fliip  timber,  and  all  manner 
of  wood  work,  as  boxes,  difhes,fpoons,(icves, 
&c.  Towards  the  maintenance  of  the  mili- 
tary power  of  the  houfe  of  Auftria,  Carniola 
contributes  yearly  363,171  iiorins  and  56 
kruitzers.  The  dutchy  of  Carniola  is  di- 
vided into  Upper  Carniola,  of  which  Lay- 
bach  is  the  capital;  Lower  Carniola,  the 
principal  town  of  wliich  is  Gurckfeld,  or 
Kerfl^o ;  Middle  Carniola,  the  capital  of 
which  isGottfchee;  Inner  Carniola,  of  which 
Dain,  or  Tybein,  is  the  chief  town;  and 
Auftrian  Iftria,  including  the  county  of  Mit- 
tcrborg,  the  figniory  of  Cailua,  the  territory 
of  Idria,  the  territory  of  Tulinino.the  county 
of  Goritz,  the  county  of  Gradifca,  and  the 
territory  of  Acu'.ega.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Save,  Laybach,  Gurk,  and  Culpa. 

Carnttz,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  tiie  dutchy 
of  Pomerania.    5  miles  N.  Greiffcnberg. 

Canio,  a  river  of  Wales,  which  runs  into 
the  Severn  in  Moatgomeryfhire. 

Ciir?ioet,  or  Garnet ■,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  North  Coall ;  con- 
taining about  1 100  inhabitants..  18  miles 
SW.  Guingamp. 

Carr.oii,  lee  Cornoin. 

Carnoidle^i  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Var.     15  m.  NNE.  Toulon. 

Carnfore  Point,  the  Ibuth-eaft  point  of 
Ireland,  in  the  county  of  Wexford,  in  St. 
George's  Chaanel.  Long'  6.  ao.  W.  Lai. 
52.  II.  N. 

Ci/'v/Zo^wr,  mountains  of  Ireland,  between 
the  counties  of  Londonderry  and  Tyrone. 
14  miles  S.  Londonderry. 


CAR 

Caro,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 

of  the  Tanaro.     16  m.  S.  Acqui,  13  E.Ceva. 

Caro,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Morbihan,     20  miles  NE.  Vannes. 

Ceiroca,  a  fmall  ifiand  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coaft  of  Africa,  a  little  to  the  fouth 
of  Prince's  ifland.  Long.  7.  15.  E.  Lat, 
1.36.  N. 

Carocedo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tras  os  Montes.    6  m.  S.  Outeiro. 

Caro/at/?, atown  and  principa'itycf Silelia» 
in  the  circle  of  Glogau,  on  the  Oder.  15 
miles  S.Gros Glogau,  20  NE.  Sagan.  Long^ 
15.  50.  E.  Lat.  51.  44.  N. 

C«rc;///.'^,/'AV;^,^acountry  of  the  United 
States  of  Am.crica,  bounded  on  the  north  by 
Virginia,  on  the  eaft  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
on  the  fouth  by  South-Carolina  and  the  fea, 
and  on  theweftbytheTennafee  gcvernment; 
is  in  length  385  miles  from  eaft  to  weft,  and 
from  90  to  150  broad  from  north  to  fouth. 
The  charter  limits  give  it  a  greater  extent, 
and  include  the  Tennafee  as  far  as  the  river 
Mifliflippi ;  which  would  make  the  length 
3  50  miles  more,  or  735  in  the  whole.  It  is 
divided  into  eight  diftrifts,  and  fubdivided 
into  58  counties.  The  country  eaftward  an4 
to  the  fouth  rs  uniformly  flat  and  level ;  to- 
wards the  north-weft  a  continuation  of  the 
Apalachian  mountains  covers  a  part  of  the 
ftate,  and  forms  a  divifion  between  it  and 
the  Tennafee  country :  the  weftern  and  hilly 
parts  are  healthy ;  the  country  is  fertile,  and 
well  watered  by  fome  large  and  a  great  num.. 
ber  of  fmaller  rivers:  the  fummers  are  very 
hot  in  the  day,  but  the  nights  are  cool; 
the  winters  are  generally  mild:  in  the  flat 
country  the  air  is  lei's  heahhy.  Intermitting 
fevers,  attended  with  bilious  and  nervous 
complaints,  are  more  frequent  in  the  fum- 
mer,  and  pleurifies  in  the  winter;  but  both 
heightened  by  intemperance  and  want  of 
care.  The  productions  are  wheat,  rye,  barley, 
oats,  flax,  Indian  corn,  and  pulle  of  every 
kind;  tobacco,  cotton,  and  hemp.  Among 
the  trees  are  the  pitch  pine,  which  grows 
almoft  every  where  in  the  plain  country, 
yielding  pitch,  tar,  and  turpentine,  befides 
timber  for  various  purpofes ;  white  and  red 
oaks  for  ifaves,  black  oaks,  cyprefs  and  bay 
trees ;  the  leaves  of  the  latter  are  given  to 
cattle  for  v/inter  food.  The  chief  fruits  are 
plums,  grapes,  and  ftrawberrics ;  among 
the  roots  and  plants  are  ginfeng,  fnake-root, 
lions'-lieart,  a  remedy  for  the  bite  of  a  fer« 
pent,  feveral  fpccies  of  the  Mimofa,  and 
ground  peas,  which  run  along  the  earth,  and 
being  covered  with  the  mould  by  the  hand, 
the  pods  grow  under  the  ground,  and  are 
eaten  raw  or  roafted,  rcfcmbhng  in  tall:e  the 
hazel  nut.  In  the  year  171c,  the  number  of 
inhabitants  in  this  lliate  was  computed  at 
6000;  in  the  year  1791,  they  were  numbered 

93>75ij  oi  whom  a93>i79  were  citizens. 


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:.  ne  exports  amounted,  in  the  year  1791,  to 
524,548  dollars.  Their  chief  trade  is  with 
the  other  ftatcs  of  America  and  the  Weft- 
Indies-  They  carry  out  tobacco,  wheat, 
Indian  corn,  tar,  pitch,  refin,  boards,  ftaves, 
(hingles,  furs,  beef,  pork,  tallow,  bees-v/ax, 
&c. ;  receiving  from  the  otlier  ftates  flour, 
chcefe.  cider,  apples,  potatoes,  iron  wares  ; 
and  from  the  Weft-Indies  rum,  fugar,  and 
coffee.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Chowan, 
the  Roanoke,  the  Pamlico  or  Tar,  the  Nule, 
and  the  Cape  Fear,  or  Clarendon.  The 
principal  capes  are  Cape  Fear,  Lookout, 
and  Hatteras.  The  principal  towns  are 
Newbern,  Edenton,  Wilmington,  Halifax, 
Killlborough,  and  Fayetteville ;  each  in  their 
turns  have  been  confidered  as  the  capital  of 
the  ftate.  At  prefent  they  have  no  capital. 
The  convention  which  met  to  confider  the 
new  conltitution,  fixed  on  a  place  in  Wake 
county  to  be  the  feat  of  government,  but  the 
town  13  not  yet  built.  Ln^ig.  75,  SS'  to  S3. 
40.  W.  Lat.  33.  50.  to  36.  30.  N. 

Carolina,  f  South,  J  A  country  of  theUnited 
States  of  America,  bounded  on  the  north  and 
porth-eafl  by  North-Carolina,  on  the  fouth- 
eafl  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the 
fouth-weft  by  Georgia;  ej^tends  in  length 
200  miles  from  eaft  to  weft,  and  from  the 
boundaries  of  Nortli-Carolina  to  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Savanna  180  miles,  from  north 
to  fouth ;  but  this  is  only  the  point  of  a  tri- 
angle, 120  being  its  mean  breadth.  It  is 
divided  into  feven  diftri(5ts,  and  fubdivided 
into  35  counties.  The  whole  ftate,  from 
the  fca-coaft,  is  a  level,  till,  at  the  diftance 
of  about  80  miles,  it  rifes  gradually,  but 
hardly  fo  as  to  be  cilled  mountainous,  till 
near  the  north^weft  extremity,  where  it  is 
crolfed  by  a  part  of  the  Apalachian  moun- 
tains. Along  the  fea-coaft  bilious,  intermit- 
ting, and  remitting  fevers  are  very  frequent, 
efpecially  in  the  fummer  months,  caufed  by 
the  noxious  exhalations  from  the  fwamps 
and  marlhy  lands,  and  ftagnatcd  waters  on 
the  rice  plantations,  the  great  heat  of  the 
day,  and  the  coolncfs  of  the  nights ;  fre- 
quently aggravated  by  intemperance  and 
v/ant  of  care.  The  weftern  parts  are  beau- 
tifully varied  with  hills  and  vallies ;  the  air 
is  more  teaiperate,  and  the  climate  more 
whclelbme.  Tlie  foil  of  this  ftate  may  be 
divided  into  four  kinds ;  firll,  the  pine  bar- 
ren, which  is  valuable  only  for  its  timber. 
Interfperf.d  among  the  pine  barren  are  tradts 
o^  land  free  of  timber,  and  every  kind  of 
growth  but  that  of  grafs.  Thefe  trails  are 
called  fivannahs,  conftituting  a  lecond  kind 
of  foil  good  for  grazing.  The  third  kind  is 
that  of  the  fwamps  and  low  grounds  on  the 
rivers,  which  is  a  mixture  ot  black  loam  and 
fat  clay,  producing  naturally  canes  in  great 
plenty,  cyprefs,  bays,  loblolly,  pines,  6:c. 
lo  thefe  iwanips  rice  is  cultiyated,  \^ch 


CAR 

conflitutes  the  ftaple  commodity  of  the  Rate. 
The  high  lands,  commonly  known  by  the 
name  of  oak  and  hiccory  lands,  conftitute 
the  fourth  kind  of  foil.  The  natural  growth 
is  oak,  hiccory,  walnut,  pine,  and  locuft  trees. 
On  thefe  lands,  in  the  low  country,  Indiaa 
corn  is  principally  cultivated ;  and,  in  the 
back  country,  befides  this,  they  raifc  tobacco 
in  large  quantities,  wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats, 
hemp,  flax,  cotton,  and  lilk.  The  fruits 
which  flourifh  bcft  are  figs,  peaches,  and 
pears;  there  are  a  few  lemons  and  pomegra- 
nates; melons  are  plentiful  and  excellent ; 
apples  are  fcarce.  The  principal  exports  of 
South-Carolina  are  rice,  indigo,  fliins,  cot- 
ton, pitch,  tar,  refio,  turpentine,  cedar  wood, 
fnake-root,  farfaparilla,  lumber,  fhingles, 
ftaves,  hides,  &c.  In  the  year  1791,  tlje 
number.of  the  inhabitants  amounted  in  the 
whole,  free  and  otherwifc,  to  249,173.  The- 
principal  rivers  are  the  Savannah,  the  Santee, 
the  Edifto,  and  the  Pedee.  The  principal 
towns  are  Charleftown,  Beaufort,  George- 
town, Columbia,  Camdcia,  and  Purifburg. 
Long.  78.  30.  to  83.  W.  Lat.  33.  to  2,5-  N. 

Carolina,  {La,)  a  town  of  Spain,  and  chief 
of  a  new  fettlement  in  theMorena  mountains. 
The  fiift  fettlers  were  Germans,  but  from 
eating  unwholefome  herbs,  drinking  too 
much  wine  and  brandy,  above  half  o^them 
died  ;  and  now  the  inhabitants  arc  a  mix- 
ture of  Germans,  French,  Savoyards,  Cata- 
lans, and  other  Spaniards,  La  Carolina,  the 
capital  of  all  the  colonies,  Hands  on  a  fine 
hill  that  towers  over  the  whole  fettlerrient, 
and  indeed  over  moft  parts  of  the  provinces 
of  Grenada  and  Cordova.  For  the  fake  of 
thus  overlooking  the  reft  of  the  plantations, 
they  placed  it  in  a  fpot  deficient  in  wood 
and  water,  and  reduced  themfelves  to  the 
neccfTuy  of  digging  an  incredible  number  of 
wells,  for  the  purpoles  of  drinking  and  water- 
ing their  gardens.  The  whole  town  is  new 
from  the  foundations;  the  ftreets  are  wide, 
and  drawn  in  ftraight  lines,  but  the  ground 
is  not  fufhciently  levelled.  The  houfcs  are 
upon  an  uniform  plan,  without  the  leaft  de- 
coration,   so  m.  NE.  Andujar,  28  N.  Jaen. 

Caroline,  a  town  of  United  America,  in 
the  ftate  of  Virginia,  and  county  of  Caroline. 
6  miles  S.  Port  Royal. 

Caroline,  a  county  of  Virginia,  in  America, 
between  the  York  andRappahannock  rivers. 

Caroline,  or  Nevj  Philippine  IJlands,  a 
chain  of  iflands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lying 
in  Long.  136.  to  156.  E.  and  Lat.  6.  to  10. 
N.  They  are  fuppofed  to  be  30  in  number; 
but  are  little  known  to  European  navigators. 

Caroljladt,  fee  Carljladt. 

Carolunga,  a  town  of  Walachia.  la  m, 
SSW.  Ibraili. 

Carol^,  or  Curute,  one  of  the  Laccadive 
iflands  in  the  Indian  fea*    Long.  "]%-  3J.  £» 

Liit,  10. 33.  N. 


GAR 

►   T  l'  Caromh,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
':.  ilient  of  the  Vauclufe.     5  miles  Carpentras. 
' .}^"Caron,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
-fcfFarfiftan.     75  miles  S.  Sufter. 
■    Carona,  a  town   of  Swiffcrland,  in  the 
bailiwic  of  LugJino.     4  miles  S.Lugano. 
•     Carongoty,  a  town  in  the  Carnatic.     40  m. 
S.  Madras.     Long.  80.  3.  E.  Lat.  12.  33.  N. 
■     Caronid,  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  the  north 
coaft,  in  the  valley  of  Demona,  on  the  liver 
of  the  fame  name.     5  miles  NE.  Miftrctta. 
Long.  14.  40.  E.  Lat.  38.  6.  N. 

Carora,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Venezuela.    70  m.  S  Venezuela. 
Long.  69.  56.  W.  Lat.  9.  32.  N.       . 
;.'    Carofa,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
■  'of  the  Adda,  on  the  Po,  oppofitePiacenza. 
;■  Carotcotty,  a  town  of  Thibet.     57  miles 
S.  Gangotri. 
;  ..;■     Caro:iges,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
•nient  of  the  Orne.     12  miles  NW.  Alencon. 
Carovlgnoy-ii  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Otranto.     3  miles  E.  Oftuni. 
Cargtd,  a  town  of  Hindcoftan,   in  Dow- 
■  -■.•'.ratftbad.     25  miles  ESE.  Koudur. 
.    ,-  .  ','Carp  Rher,  a  river  of  North-America, 
"vhich  runs  into  lake  Superior,   Long.  85. 
■33,.  W.  Lat.  a(>-  r-'^- 

Gi-p  River y  a  river  of  North-Amenca, 
\vlii<  li  runs  into  lake  Michigan,  Lo?2g.  85. 
30.  W.  Lat.  44- 50-  N. 

Carpatiadigo,  a  town  of  Genoa.  9  miles 
ENE.  Genoa. 

Carpanedo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Tre- 
vifan,  on  the  Brenta,  where  the  Auftrians 
were  defeated  by  the  French;  the  Auftrians 
loft  ICO  killed,  and  900  prifoners.  10  miles 
N.  Baifano,  5  SSW.  Cifmone. 

Carpanfatio,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Cala- 
bria Citra.     5  milesN.Martorano. 

Carpas,  or  Carpafy, '  a  town  of  Cyprus, 
(ituated  on  a  promontory  at  the  north-eaft 
part  of  the  ifland,  founded  about  two  miles 
from  the  ancient  Carpafia;  the  relidence  of 
an  aga  and  a  cady :  about  it  are  the  ruins  of 
feveral  churches.  22  m.  NNE.Famagufta. 
Carpathian,  lee  Crapack. 
Carpathos,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  country  of  Peru,  and  jurifdidion  of 
Guamalies.  Moft  of  the  inhabitants  are 
weavers,  ■  or  employed  in  manufacturing 
baizes  and  fergcs. 

Carpt-gna,  a  to^vn  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 

.  ■  (dutchy  of  Urbino.     12  miles  Vv''.  Urbino. 

':  '   Curpenedolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  tloe  dc- 

'  paftnivnt  of  the  Mela.      15  m.  SSE.  Brefcia. 

Cari-'ntaria,  a  large  bay  on  th.c  northern 

coaftof  New  Ili'lland,  difcovered  in  the  year 

1618,  hy-'c4  Dutch  captain  named  Carpenter. 

That  part' of  the  country  which  borders  on 

.  the  bay  is  alfo  called  Carpentaria.     Long. 

j^?p.5c.E,  Z-^;/.  10.  20.  S.  •' 

Carpenter'}'  J^her,  cr  Sncrre,  a  river  of 
Mexico,  which  ril^^5  in  the  province  of  C-oila 


CAR 

Rica,  and  runs  into  the  Spanifh  Main,  Long, 

82.  50.W.  Z<3/.  9.  52.N. 
Carpentras,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Vauclufe,  iituated  on  the 
river  Audon  ;  before  the  revolution  the  fee 
of  a  bifhop,  with  many  veftiges  of  Roman 
magnificence  ;  it  is  furrounded  with  walls, 
and  contains  about  12,000  inhabitants,  iz 
miles  NE.  Avignon.  Long.  5.  8.  E.  Lat. 
44.  3.  N. 

Carpenzano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     10  miles  S.Cofenza. 

Carpejlriera,  a  river  of  Naples,  which 
runs  into  the  fea  9  miles  E.  St.  Severino. 

Carpi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  the  Panaro,  heretotore  the  capital  of  a 
principality  in  the  dutchy  of  Modena.  It 
was  taken  and  abandoned  by  the  French  in 
1703,  again  taken  by  them  in  1705,  and  re- 
taken by  Prince  Eugene  in  1706.  It  is  the 
fee  of  a  bifhop,  fuffragan  of  Bologna.  7 
miles  N.  Modena,  24  S.  Mantua.  Long. 
10.  C9.E.  7.^/.  44.  45. N. 

Carpi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  the  Benaco,  on  the  Adige  ;  celebrated 
for  a  viiftory  gained  by  Prince  Eugene  over 
the  French  in  1701.    5  miles  S.  Legnano. 

Carpignana,  a  tov/n  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Gogna.  12  miles  NW, 
Novara. 

Carpignana,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
■province  of  Otranto.   7  miles  NW.  Otranto. 

Carpignone,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
county  of  Molife.     12  miles  SW.  Molife. 

Carpio,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Leon.     9  m.  WSAV.  Medina  del  Campi. 

Carpio,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Cordova.     24  mileis  N.  Cordova. 

Carpio,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Eftramadura.     7  miles  Badajoz. 

Carpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     30  miles  NE.Tanjore. 

Carputh,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Afiatic 
Turkey,  in  the  province  of  Aladulia.  14 
miles  Arzenga. 

Carra  River,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which 
runs  into  Dingle  Bay,  14  miles  V.''.  Killarney. 

Carrahat,  a  town  of  Candahar.  12c  miles 
NE.  Candahar. 

Carrafu,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     15  miles  NNE.  Bova. 

Carraghroe,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Tyrone.     16  miles  SW.  Strabane. 

Carrama,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean, nearthe  coaft  of  Chili.  Lat.  35.50.  S. 

Carra'itafca  Lagoon,  a  gulf  or  bay  on  the 
coaft  of  Honduras.    Loiig.Zi.  so.'^.  Lat. 

ij.3i.N.  .;  ■  ■ 

Carrantafca  ShedU,  or  Hobbies,  rocks  and 
iflcts  on  the  coafl  of  Honduras,  extending 
40  miles  in  length,  and  12  in  breadth.  Long. 

83.  W.  Lat.  16.  N.-   ■• 

Carrapa-eira,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Algarve.    10  niilesN.  Sagrcs, 


CAR 

Carrara,  a  town  of  Itnly,  fometime 
fince,  alternntelv  vvith  Mafia,  capital  of  the 
depiirtment  of  the  Appcnincs,  but  in  1806 
ceded  to  Lucca.  Tlic  environs  are  celebia- 
ted  for  its  quarries  of  beautiful  white  marble. 
25  miles  NW.  Pifa,  5.:;  SE.  Genoa.  Long. 
10.  4.  £.  Lat.  44.  3.  N. 

Carrafcat,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Cas- 
tile.    32  miles  NE.  Segovia. 

Carrce,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bengal. 
2  3  miles  N.  Nattore. 

Carretas,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe 
of  Cufco.     40  miles  WNW.  Cufco. 

Curri,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Siura.  8   miles  NNW.  Ceva. 

Car  rick  on  Shannon,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
and  fiiire  town  of  .the  county  of  I.citrim.  Be- 
fore the  revolution  it  fcnt  two  members  to 
parliament.  70  miles  NW.  Dublin,  36  S. 
Ballyniannon.     Long.  8.VV.  Z-(7^.53. 55.N. 

Carrick  on  Stiir,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county,  of  Tipperary,  fituated  on  the  rher 
Suir,  which  is  navigable  for  floops  to  this 
place;  famous  for  the  manufadture -of  wool- 
len cloth  called  ratteen.  10  miles  E.  Clon- 
mel,  12  NW.  Waterford.  Long.  7.  8.W. 
Lat.  52.  23.  N. 

Carrkkanieel,  rocks  near  the  weft  coaft 
of  Ireland,  in  the  Atlantic.  Long.  x^.  4. 
W.   Lat.  5^.  15.  N. 

Carrickarede,  mountains  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Mayo.  12  miles  NE.  Caftlebar. 

Carrickarede,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  North 
Channel,  near  the  north  coaft  of  Ireland. 
Long.  6.  9.  W.  Lai.  ^j^.  14.  N. 

Ciirrkkaskilly,  a  rock  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Ireland.  5  niiles  SE.  Slyme  Head.  Long. 
ID.  9.  W.  Lat.  ^2i'  20.  N. 

Carrickbnrn,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in 
the  county  of  Wexford,  which  in  1798  was 
a  rebel  ftation ;  and  Scullabogue,  a  feat  at 
the  foot  of  it,  was  made  a  prifon  for  the 
royalifts.  After  the  battle  of  New  Rol's, 
fomc  of  the  runaways  came  here,  and  in 
coJd  blood  murdered  the  prifoners  of  both 
fexes  to  the  amount  of  200,  pretending  an 
order  from  Harvey,  who  commanded  at 
New  Rots.  Some  were  fliot,  fome  were 
piked,  and  the  reft,  about  184  in  number, 
.were  burned  in  a  barn,  into  which  they  had 
been  crammed,     i  mile  SW.  New  Rols. 

Carrickchad,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in 
the  county  of  Sligo.    6  miles  SW.  Sligo. 

Carrickfirgusy  a  feaporttown  of  Ireland, 
in  the  county  of  Antrim,  fituated  on  the 
north-weft  coaft  of  an  arm  of  the  fea  called 
Carrickfergiu  Bay.,  or  Bclfajl  Lough.  The 
ailizes  for  the  county  aie  lield  here,  as  like- 
Avife  for  the  town,  whicii  is  a  county  of 
itfelf.  It  was  once  the  principal  f^aport  of 
the  north  of  Ireland,  and  defended  by  a 
caftle,  with  a  garrifon;  but  the  port  is  now 
jittle  frequented,  and  the  gariifon  removed. 
In  1388,  it  was  taken  by  the  Scots.  In  1689, 


CAR 

it  was  taken  by  the  Duke  of  Schnmbe'rg; 
The  garrifon  v/hich  marched  out  with  arms 
and  as  much  baggage  as  each  man  coiild 
carry  on  their  bicks,  were  conveyed  to 
Newry.  King  William  landed  here  in  the 
year  169c.  In  the  month  of  Ecbiuary^ 
1760,  the  town  was  plundered  by  Tlui- 
rot,  a  commander  of  a  f liiall  French  fleet; 
but,  in  his  retreat,  Captain  Elliot  attacked 
him  with  fome  Engljfn  vefFcls  :  Tluirot  was 
killed  in  the  engagement,  and  foui-  frigates 
taken.  Carrickfcrgus  fends  one  member  to 
the  im.perial  parliament.  9  miles  NW.  Bel- 
faft.     Long.  5.  42.  W.     Lat.  54.  43.  N, 

Carrkkirk,  a  rock  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Ireland._    Long.  10,  7.  W.  Lat.  kz.  22-  N. 

Carrkbnacrcily,  a  mountain  oflreland,  ia 
the  county  of  Wicklow.  5  m.  W.  Wicklow. 

Carrkhnacrofs,  a  flourifnirg  town  of 
Ireland,  in  the  county  of  Monaghan.  ij 
miles  SSE  Monaghan,  40  NNVV.  Dublin. 

Carrkkruqgh,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  iu 
the  county  of  Wicklow.    6  m.  SW.  Gorey. 

Carrkr  River,  a  river  of  America,  whicli 
runs  into  the  Detroit.  Long.  82.  46.  W. 
Lat.  42.  28.  N. 

Carrion,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  joins 
the  Pifaerga,  near  Duennas. 

Carrion  di  los  Condes,  a  town  of  Spain, 
on  the  river  Carrion,  in  the  province  of  Leon, 
on  the  frontiers  of  Old  Caftile;  it  contains 
ten  parifli  churches,  ten  convents,  and  two 
hofpitals.  40  miles  W.  Burgos,  20  N.  Pla- 
cencia.     Long.  4.  39.  _W.  Lat.  42.  18,  N. 

Carrock,  a  mountain  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Cumberland,  2,265  k.tt  above  the 
level  of  the  fea. 

Carrog,  a  river  of  North-Wales,  whicli 
runs- into  die  fea  4  miles  SW.  Caernarvon. 

Carron,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  runs 
into  the  fea  near  Stonehaven,  in  the  county 
of  Kincardine. 

Carron,  a  fmall  river  of  Scotland,  which 
runs  into  the  Forth,  3  miles  £.  from  the 
Carron  works  in  the  county  of  Stirling. 

Carron,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Stirling,  iituated  on  a  river  of  the 
fame  name,  celebrated  for  its  cxtenfive  iron 
forges,  which  are  faid  to  confunie  200  tons 
of  coals  every  week.     2  miles  N.  Falkirk. 

Carron  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the 
coaft  of  America,  in  Albemarle  Sound; 
Long.  76. 10.  W.  Lat  35.  46.  N. 

Carrzor,  a  town  and  fort  of  Hindooftan, 
.in  the  Myfore  country,  and  province  of 
Coimbetorc,  fituated  on  the  Ambravetty. 
It  v/as  entered  by  General  Meadows,  com- 
mander of  the  Britilh  troops,  on  the  15th  of 
June,  1790,  having  been  evacuated  by  the 
troops  of  I'ippoo  Sultan;  General  Meadows 
made  it  a  depot  for  provifions.  In  1799,  it 
w.t=.  ccda.l  ^^)  the  BritiCi.  38  mil'es  W.  Tr> 
chuiopoly,  6j  E.  Coimbetorc.  Long.  78. 
12.  E.  Lat.  10.  5/-N, 


CAR 


C  A 


Carroor,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  My- 
fbre.     5  miles  N.  Sacrapatam. 

Canm,  a  tov*'n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
pient  of  the  Stura.    4  miles  S.  Bene. 

Carrya,  a  town  of  Hindooaftn,  in  Gu- 
zerat.     22  miles  NW.  Ainedabad. 

Ccvrypour,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in 
Oude.     35  miles  SSE.  Pillibeat. 

Cais,  or  Karsy  a  town  of  Tqrkifli  Ar- 
menia, on  a  river  which  runs  into  the  Aras. 
In  tiie  year  1386,  it  was  taken  by  Timur 
Bee;  in  1578,  it  was  repaired  and  lircngly 
fortified,  by  Muflapha  Pacha,  general  of  the 
Turks.  Qo  miles  W.  Erivan,  80  ENE.  Er, 
zerum,  Lang.  42.  30.  E.  Laf.  37.  25.  N. 

Carjl/::,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia,  in 
the  kingdom  of  Samarcand,  the  citadel  was 
built  by  Timur  Bee.   t,o  miles  S.  Samarcand. 

Carfenuini,  a  river  of  Guiana,  which 
rans  into  the  Atlantic,    Zo//^.  51.  56.  W. 

Carftgnann,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ul  r,i.     iz  miles  E.  Reggio. 

Carfoit.,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
UI  ra.     ao  miles  SSW.  Aquila. 

Ciirfumhlla-,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  ihe  province  of  Servia.  15  miles  W, 
.Prjcop.  25.  W.  NiiTa.  , 

Cart  Watrr^  a  river  of  Scotland,  which 
runs  into  the  Clyde,  3  miles  N.  Paifley. 

Cart  ago,  a  city  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the 
province  ofCofta  Rica,  the  lee  of  a  hiihop, 
and  refidence  of  the  governor.  It  contains 
three  convents,  and  about  400  families, 
among  which  are  fome  rich  merchants.  It 
is  fituated  on  a  river  of  the  fame  name. 
X.!>ng.  84.  6.  W.  Lai.  10.  6.  N. 

C^irtagOy  a  river  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
Tince  of  Cofta  Rica,  v/hich  runs  into  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Long.  85.  14.  W,  Laf.  9. 
40.  N. 

Cartago,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Popayan.  140  miles  NNE. 
Popayan.  Long.  75.  W  Lai.  4.  25-  N. 

Cartal,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
BeiT.irabia,  (ituated  on  the  Danube.  28  m. 
W.  Ifmael. 

Caititnia,'A  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
.    of  Grenada,  fituated  on  an  eminence,     iz 
miles  N'vV.  Malaga. 

Ciirtiiiaa,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Grenada.     18  miles  SW.  Alhama. 

Caitapcuiaiiiba,  a  river  of  South-America, 
•which  forms  the  boundary  between  the 
Fivnchand  PortugULie  dominions  in  Guinia. 

Cartarnda^  a  town  of  ]taly>  in  the  Pa- 
'  duan.     14  miles  N.  Padua. 

Cartaya,  a  town  of' Spain,  m  the  pro- 
vince of  Seville.     52  miles  W.  Seville. 

Carfcncdi,  a  town  ot'PrufTia,  in  the  circle 
of  Natangen.     30  miles  SE.  Konigfl^erg. 

Cartcpilly,  a  town  of  Hii'd<>oilrt<i,  in 
Mvfore.     19  miles  E.  Barcr-'ore. 

Carter's  Bay^  a  bav -*4  ^'^^  well  coail  of 


North-America,  fo  called  by  Captaifl  Van- 
couver, in  memory  of  a  feaman  of  that' 
name  who  was  poifoned  there  by  eating 
mufcles.  Long.  S31.  42.  E.  Laf.  52.  48.  N. 
Carter  Creek,  a  river  of  North-Carolina, 
which  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  76. 
46.  W.  Lat.  34.  42.  N. 

Carter's  Key,  a  fmal)  ifland  among  the 

Bahamas.  Long.  78.40.  W.  Lat.  26.47. N. 

Carteret,  an  ifland  in  the  Southern  Pacific 

Ocean,  difcovered  by  Capt.  Carteret  in  Aug, 

1767.     Long.  154.  14.  E^.  Lat.  8.  26.  S. 

Carterefs  Harbour,  a  bay  on  the  fouth* 
eaft  coatf  of  New  Ireland.  Long.  152. 19.  E.      \ 
Lat_.  s.^.  \ 

Gxrterefs  Point,  th^  north -weft  extre., 
mity  of  the  ifland  of  Egmont,  or  New 
Guernfey.  Long.  163.50.  E.  Lat.  10.42.  S. 
Cartero,  a  river  of  the  ifland  of  Candia, 
anciently  called  Ceratus,  which  rans  into 
the  fea,  3  rniles  S.  Candia. 

Carthagena,  a  feaport  town  of  Spain,  in 
the  province  of  Murcia,  founded  by  Afdru- 
bal  the  Carthaginian,  and  iirit  called  New 
Carthage,  in  the  year  of  Rome  524.  Jn  the 
year  of  Rome  544,  it  was  taken  by  the  Ro- 
mans under  Scip:a,  who  befieged  it  by  fea, 
and  laud.  The  booty  taken  was  great; 
many  engines  of  war,  74  colours,  63  fliips 
laden  with  proviiions  and  ammunition,  and 
10,000  prifoners,  beiides  flaves.  AH  the 
citizens  were  reflored  to  liberty  by  the  con- 
queror, and  their  goc.ds  reftored.  In  the 
beginning  of  the  5th  century  it  was  taken 
by  the  Alans,  andfooa  after  by  the  Romans; 
and  in  421,  it  was  taken  and  utterly  de- 
molifhed  by  the  Vanvii'is.  It  was  entirely 
rebuilt  by  Philip  II.  The  harbour  is  the  beffc 
in  Spain.  Andrew  Doria  was  wont  to  fay 
he  knew  but  three  good  ports,  which  were 
June,  July,  and  Carthagena.  It  is  lituated 
in  the  province  of  Murcia,  at  the  bottom- of 
a  fmall  bay  in  the  Meditcrranea,n.  This  bay 
abounds  in  mackarel,  lb  much  that  a  fmall 
iiland  at  the  entrance  of  the  harbour  is  from 
dience  called  Scombraria.  It  is  the  fee  of* 
bilhop,  fuffiagan  of  To'edo.  The  neigh- 
bouring country  produces  great  quantities 
of  rufhes,  called  fparta,  from  whence  the 
town  itfelf  received  the  name  of  Spartarla^ 
and  the  country  that  of  Spartarius  Cumptif. 
Diamonds,  rubies,  amctliyfts,  and  other 
precious  flones,  are  found  here.  It  was  a 
long  time  the  Indies  of  tiie  Romans,  and 
theie  arc  ftill  filver  mines  in  the  environs. 
The  harbour  is  fpacious,  and  fo  deep  that 
fliips  may  moor  clofe  to  tlie  land.  It  is  a 
balbn  hollowed  by  nature,  which  feems  to 
have  flicltered  it  from  the  winds  by  feveral 
hills  placed  round  it  at  equal  diftances,  fo 
that  from  the  mole  nothing  but  the  entrance 
of  the  harbour  and  Lalin  are  to  be  feen. 
No  port  in  the  world  can  be  compared  to 
tiiis  fw  f.ifety  and  regularity.  The  entrance 


CAR 

is  defended  by  two  redoubts.  The  mole  Is 
protcdted  by  iz  pieces  of  cannon.  The 
arfenal  is  extremely  large,  and  provided 
with  every  thin^  that  can  facilitate  the 
building  and  fittmg  mit  of  a  fhip.  Every 
requillte  is  there  in  luch  readincls,thatafhip 
of  the  line  may  be  got  ready  for  Tea  in  three 
days.  To  Carthagena,  the  Englifli,  Dutch, 
and  Neapolitans,  carry  merchandize  of  all 
kinds,  and  return  loaded  with  filk,  wool, 
pot-afh,  and  barilla.  25  miles  SSE.  Murcia. 
115  SSW.  Valencia.  Long.  i.  6.  W.  Lat 
37-34.  N. 

Carthagena,  aprovmce  of  South-America, 
in  the  viceroyaliy  of  New  Grenada,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  Caribbean  fea,  on  die  eaft 
by  the  river  St.  Martha,  on  the  ibuth  by  a  part 
of  Terra  Firma,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  fea 
andthe  gulf  of  Darien.  The  country  is  com- 
pofed  of  mountains  and  vallies,  covered 
with  large  and  fmall  forefts.  The  variety 
of  plants  and  trees,  as  well  as  fruits,  is  won- 
derful ;  the  earth  is  covered  with  perpetual 
verdure.  Wheat  and  other  grain  of  Europe 
do  not  flourifli  well,  but  Indian  corn  and 
rice  are  raifed  fuiiicient  for  the  confumption 
of  the  inhabitants.  The  climate  is  very  hot; 
from  May  to  December  is  almol>a  continual 
fuccellion  of  rain  and  tempeft  ;  the  principal 
trees  for  fize  are  the  caobo  or  acajou,  the 
cedar,  the  maris,  and  the  ballam-tree. 
Here  are  alfo  tamarind  trees,  medlars,  fa- 
potes,  papayo,  cafia-liilula,  and  manchineel 
trees ;  the  latter  is  remarkable  for  its  poi- 
fonous  fruit,  it  is  even  dangerous  to  lie  un- 
der the  tree,  as  the  droppings  of  rain  from 
the  leaves  will  produce  inflammation  where- 
ever  it  touches.  There  are  feveral  Ipecies 
of  the  palm;  guaiacum  and  ebony  trees  are 
equally  common;  and  fenfitive  plants  are 
found  in  great  varieties.  The  only  tame 
animals  here  are  cows  and  hogs;  the  flefliof 
the  latter  is  faid  to  exceed  thofe  of  Europe, 
while  that  of  the  former  is  dry  and  unpala- 
table, as  they  cannot  be  fattened  for  the  heat 
of  the  climate.  Nothing  can  furpafs  the 
variety  and  beauty  of  the  birds ;  poultry, 
pigeons,  partridges,  andgeefe,  are  good  and 
plentiful.  There  are  great  quantities  of 
deer,  wild  boars,  foxes,  tygers,  armadillos, 
fquirrels,  rabbits,  and  an  innumerable  variety 
of  monkies.  Snakes,  vipers,  centipedes,  and 
other  poifonous  reptiles,  are  very  common. 
Plautadons  of  fugar-canes  and  cotton-trees 
abound  here  ;  and  the  chocolate  made  from 
the  cocoa-trees,  which  grow  here,  is  el- 
teemed  even  fijperior  to  that  of  the  Carac- 
cas.  The  fruits  peculiar  to  the  country  are 
pine-apples,  papavas,  plantains,  &c.  The 
principal  town  is  Carthagena. 

Carthagena,  a  city  and  feaport  of  South- 
America,  and  capital  of  the  province  of  the 
fame  name.  The  bay  and  the  country 
round  Carthagena, anciently  called  Calaman, 


CAR 

were  difcovered  by  Roderlgo  de  Baftldas, 
but  the  conqueft  thereof,  by  feveral  fucceed- 
ing  adventurers,  met  with  more  reliftance 
than  was  expeded.  The  Indians  being  na- 
turally a  warlike  people,  the  very  women 
fnared  in  defending  the  country.  Their 
ufual  arms  were  bows  and  aiTows,  the  points 
of  which  t'.^y  poilbned  with  the  juice  of 
certain  herbs,  whence  the  flighteil  v/oumii 
were  mortal.  Gregorio  Hernandez  de  Ovi- 
edo  being,  like  feveral  of  his  predeceflors, 
baffled  in  repeated  attempts,  the  conqueft  of 
the  place,  the  peopling  of  the  city,  and  re- 
ducing it  into  a  colony  and  government 
was  completed  by  Don  Pedro  de  Heredia» 
in  1583.  From  liiveral  natural  advantages, 
particularly  that  of  its  fine  fituation,  it  was 
raifed  into  an  epifcopal  fee.  Tiie  promiling 
advantages  of  its  fituation  foon  excited  the 
envy  of  foreigners,  particularly  theFrench, 
who  invaded  it  under  the  cundui51  of  a  Cor- 
fican  pilot  in  1544.  The  feecnd  invader  was 
Sir  Francis  Drake,  who,  after  pillaging  it,  fet 
it  on  fire,  but  it  was  happily  relcued  from 
he  fiam.es  by  a  ranfom  of  120,000  ducats 
paid  him  by  the  neighbouring  colonies.  It 
was  invaded  and  pillaged  a  third  time  by 
the  French,  under  Monf.  de  Poinds,  in  1697* 
In  the  year  1741,  it  was  befieged  by  the 
Englifh,  but  from  a  mifunderi^anding  be- 
tween the  commanders,  and  a  difeafe  among 
the  troops,  the  e/?Lerprife  v/as  abandoned. 
The  city  is  fituated  on  a  fandy  ifland,  which 
forming  a  narrow  pafTage  on  the  feuih-weft 
opens  a  communication  v/ith  that  part  called 
Tien  a  Bomba ;  as  far  as  Bocca  Chica  on  the 
north  fide,  the  land  is  fo  narrov/,  that,  before 
the  wall  was  begun,  the  diftance  from  fea  to 
fea  was  only  thirty  toifes,  but  afterwards  the 
land  enlarging,  by  means  of  the  wall,  it 
forms  another  ifland  on  this  fide,  and  the 
whole  city  is,  excepting  tl.cfe  two  places, 
which  are  very  narrow,  enthely  furround- 
ed  with  water.  Eaftwards  it  communicates 
by  means  of  a  wooden  bridge  with  a  large 
fuburb  built  on  another  ifland,  which  com- 
municates with  the  continent  by  another 
wooden  bridge.  Carthagena,  together  vvith 
its  fuburbs,  is  equal  to  a  city  of  the  third 
rynk  in  Europe.  It  is  well  peopled,  though 
moft  of  its  inhabitants  are  dei(:ended  fiom 
the  Indian  tribes.  As  no  mines  are  worked 
here,  moft:  of  the  money  feen  in  this  part  is 
lent  from  Santa  Fe  and  Quito  to  pay  the 
falaries  of  the  governor,  ofhcers,  and  garri- 
fon.  Carthagena  bay  is  one  of  the  bell  in 
this  country.  It  extends  7  miles  from  north 
to  fouth,  and  has  a  fafe  anchorage,  thought 
the  many  (hallows  at  the  entrance  make  a 
careful  fteerage  neccilary.  The  entrance 
into  the  bay  was  through  the  narrow  ftrait 
of  Bocca  Chica,  or  Little  Mouth,  which, 
fince  the  invalion  of  the  Englifli,  has 
been  fliut  up,  and  a  more  commodious  one 


CAR 


CAS 


opened  and  fortified.  Towards  Bocca 
Chic;i,  and  7  miles  diftant  feawards,  is  a 
fhonl  of  gravel  and  coarfe  fand;  on  many 
parts  of  which  there  is  not  above  a  foot  and 
a  half  of  water.  The  climate  is  very  hot. 
From  May  to  November,  which  is  the  win- 
ter here,  there  is  almoft  a  continual  faccef- 
fTon  of  thunder,  rain,  and  tempefts  ;  fo  that 
the  ftreets  have  the  appearance  of  rivers, 
and  the  country  of  an  ocean  ;  from  this 
otherwife  fliocking  inconvenience  they  fave 
water  in  refervoirs,  as  the  wells  only  fiipply 
theai  with  a  thick,  brackifli  fort,  not  fit  to 
drink.  From  December  to  April  is  here  the 
fummer,  in  which  there  is  fo  invariable  a 
continuation  of  exceffive  heat,  that  perfpi- 
Tation  is  profufe  to  a  degree  of  wafte; 
whence  the  complexions  of  the  inhabitants 
are  fo  wan  and  livid,  that  one  would  ima- 
gine them  but  newly  recovered  from  a  vio- 
lent fit  of  ficknefs.  Yet  they  enjoy  a  good 
ftate  of  health,  and  live  even  to  eighty  and 
upwards.  The  fingularity  of  the  climate 
©ccafions  diftempers  peculiar  to  the  place  ; 
the  moft  fhocking  is  a  fever,  attended 
^ith  the  black  vomit,  which  moftly  affects 
llrarvgers,  and  rages  among  the  feamen  ;  it 
•lails  about  three  or  four  days,  in  wliich 
tfme  the  patient  either  recovers  or  dies. 
L/>ng.  77.  50.  W.  l^at.  10.  30.  N. 

Carthago,  fee  Cartago. 

Cai-thans,  atown  of  Prufiia,  in  Pomerelia. 
17  roiks  S-W.  Dantzic. 

Carthke7:ny,^  river  of  South-Wales,  which 
runs  into  theTave,  7  m.  WSW.  Caermarthen. 

Cartier^s  Creek,  ■a  river  of  Pennfylvania, 
which  runs  into  the  Ohio,  Lang.  80.  8.  W. 
Lat.  42.  3.  N. 

Cartvicl,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Lancafter,  fituatcd  on  a  promon- 
tory Wiiich  runs  out  into  a  bay  of  the  Irifli 
i'ea,  on  the  eaft,  fouth,  and  wert,  bounded 
by  a  fandv  fhore,  which  requires  guides  to 
dircd  lirangers  in  their  way.  It  has  a  fmall 
harbour  for  boats;  with  two  markets  weekly, 
on  Tueldaysand  vSaturdays.  16  miles  from 
Lancattcr,  260  NNW.  London.  Long.  3. 
%.  W.  Lat.  54.14.N. 

Cartnra,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Paduan. 
30  miles  N.  Padua. 

CartuU',  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Tra- 
vancore.     60  miles    Anjenga. 

Cart'wr/ght''s  Sound,  a  bay  on  the  wefl 
coaft  of  Queen  Charlotte's  ifland,  between 
Point  Hunter  to  the  north,  and  Point  Buck 
to  the  Ibuth. 

Cam,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.     20  miles  S.  Cafhan, 

Ca/xuyal,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Leon.     2S  miles  S.  Aflorga. 

Carvajalv.r,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Leon.     9  miles  N.  Zamora. 

Carvalhal,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
pro\iiiceof  lieira.  15  inilcs  bE.  Opoito. 


Cnrvalho,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.     12  miles  SE.  Coimbra. 

Carvalleda,  (La,)  a  town  of  South- 
America,  in  the  proiince  of  Caraccas,  on 
the  coaft.     10  miles  N-  Leon  de  Caraccas. 

Carvallo,  a  mountain  of  Naples,  in  Abruz- 
zo  Citra.     16  miles  SSW.  Lanciano. 

Carvel  of  St.  Thoviai,  one  of  thefmaTler 
Virgin  iflands  in  the  Weft-Indies.  7  miles 
SW,  St.  Thomas. 

Carver's  River,  a  branch  of  the  river  St. 
Pierre,  in  North-America. 

Carvendonck,  a  town  of  the  dutehy  of 
Cleves.     8  miles  SE.  Cleves. 

Carugo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Montagna.    16  miles  S.  Lecco. 

Carttgna,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Dora.    8  miles  SW.  Ivrea. 

Carvillan,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  weft 
coaft  of  Scotland,  a  little  to  the  north  of  the 
ifland  of  Gigo.  LoJig.  5.  47.  W.  Lat. 
55.  41.  N. 

Carvin,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Straits  of  Calais,  in  the  diftrid  of 
Bethune.  12  miles  E.  Bethune. 

Carumha,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs 
into  the  Parana. 

CarunapaUy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Travancore.  27  miles  NNW.  Ajenga. 

Carvoeira,  a  river  of  Portugal,  which 
runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  9.  21.  W. 
Lat.  38.  57.  N. 

Car-ivaiten,  or  Gran.vatten,  a  town  of 
Priillia,  in  the  province  of  Smaland.  44  miles 
N.  Konigfberg. 

Carivar,  a  feaport  town  of  Hindooftan, 
in  the  country  of  Canara,  lituated  in  a  bay 
at  the  mouth  of  a  river,  which  is  navigable 
for  ve(Ielsof3oo  tons.  There  are  fevera! 
iflands  which  form  the  harbour,  but  none 
inhabited.  In  1783,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Britifli;  and  in  1799,  ceded  totheEnglifli 
Eaft-India  Company.  45  miles  SSE.  Goa. 
Long.  74.  3.E.  Lat.  14.  ,^3.  N. 

Car-ivaree,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.  20  miles  S.  Ongole. 

Carwaree,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     20  miles  S.  Nell&re. 

Cary,  a  town  of  Virginia.  40  miles  W. 
Richmond. 

Cary,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  rims  inta 
the  fea  near  Ballycaftle,  in  the  county  of 
Antrim. 

Carya,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
25  miles  N.  Kairabad. 

<'7i7;-Vi7/v//-(?j  a  town  of  Bengal.  10  miles 
E  Bucculoe. 

Carysford  Reef,  rocks  in  the  gulf  of  Flo- 
ridcL,  near  the  coaft  of  Eail: -Florida.  Long, 
80.30.W.  Lat.  25.20.  r^. 

Carygong,  a  town  of  IjUidooftan,  in  Ba.« 
glana.     10  miles  S.  Bahbelgong. 

Cary/fo,  fee  Carijlo. 

Ca/ubJlotQ,  a  town  of  Italvj  in  the  dc- 


CAS 

partment  of  the  Upper  Po.    az  miles  E. 
Cremona. 

Cajabinda,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Chaco.  loo  miles  NNW. 
St.  Salvador  de  Jugui. 

Cafahi-aiica,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Ellra- 
madura,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tagus.  lo 
miles  E.  Abrantes. 

Cafa  CaliDida,  a  town  of  Naples,  In  the 
county  of  Molifc.  21  miles  ENE.  Molife. 

Cafa  Fuerte,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alentejo.     4  miles  NW.  Xerunienlia. 

Cafu  Grande,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in 
the  province  of  New  Navarre  ;fo  called  from 
an  immenfe  ancient  edifice,  itill  exilting, 
iiippofcd  to  have  been  built  by  the  ancient 
Mexicans,  in  their  emigration  from  the  coafl 
ot  California.  This  edifice  conlills  of  three 
floors,  with  a  terrace  above  them,  and  with- 
out any  entrance  into  the  under  floor,  the 
door  of  entrance  being  in  the  fecond ;  fo 
that  a  fcaling-ladder  was  necefl'ary,  and  gives 
reafon  tofuppofe  the  building  was  defigned 
for  a  fortreis.  Lotig.  113.  23.  E.  Lat. 
33.  40.N. 

Ciifa  Nova,  a  town  of  Fraijce,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Sella.  8  m.  WNW.  Vercelli, 
Ca/a  MalJbna,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
province  of  Bari.    11  miles  SW.Converlano. 
Cafa  Vilieri,  a  town  of  Naples,   in  the 
country  of  Lavora.     7  miles  SE,  Sora. 

Ca/ac,  or  Cazac,  a  country  of  Afia,  in  the 
dominions  of  Perlia,  on  tlie  frontiers  of 
Armenia,  governed  by  princes  of  its  own, 
nominally  fubjeift  to  Perfia;  about  15  miles 
from  north  to  louth,  and  rather  more  from 
eafl  to  weft.  The  inhabitants  are  defcended 
from  the  ColTucks,  and  are  reprefentcd  as  a 
rude  and  barbarous  people.  Cafac,  or  Cazac 
Lore,  is  the  name  of  the  capitah 

Cafaccia,  a  to-\vn  of  Swiflerland,  in  the 
Griibns.     12  miles  NE.Chiavenna. 

Cafagu/ige,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Oude.     44  miles  W.  Lucknow. 

Cafaila,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  province 
of  Nedsjed.     45  miles  NW.  Khaibar. 

CafaU  a  town  of  Fiance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Po,  annexed  to  the  republic 
with  Montferrat,  of  which  it  was  the  capi- 
tal, on  the  Po;  formerly  well  fortified,  and 
defended  by  a  citadel,  which  was  much  ad- 
mired. It  is  remarkable  for  a  vidory  ob- 
tained by  Count  Harcourt  over  the  Spaniards 
in  1640.  The  Duke  of  Mantua  fold  it  to 
the  King  of  France  in  168 1.  In  the  year 
1695,  it  was  reflored;  but  deprived  of  its 
fortifications,  having  been  taken  by  the 
allies.  The  King  of  Sardinia  became  mafter 
of  it  in  1706.  It  was  taken  by  the  French 
in  1745;  and  retaken  in  March  1746.  It 
was  again  taken  by  the  French  in  1796;  and 
in  1799,  by  the  Auftrian^.  15  miles  NW. 
Alexandria,  34  ENE.  Turin.  Lwg.  8.  34. 
E.  Lat.i,^.  ij.  N.       ■   ' 


C  AS 

Cnfile  Biitfam,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Upper  Po,  on  a  tiavij^able 
canal.  8. in.  NW.  Cremona,  14  SE.  Crema. 
Lci!^.  9.  58.  E.  Lat.  45.  14.  N. 

Lafale  Maggtore,7\.  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
republic  of  Lucca.     15  miles  W.  Lucca. 

Cafale  Mora>io,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Upper  Po.  12  miles  NW. 
Cremona, 

Cafale  Grajide,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Panaro.  9  miles  SW. 
Modena. 

Cafilado,  a  town  of  Italy.  20  miles  SSE. 
Breicia. 

Cafale,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Paduan. 
6  miles  SW.  Montagnana. 

Cafale,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  die  Trevifan. 
3  miles  SE.  Tievigio. 

Cafale  Magg'iorc,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Upper  Po,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  river.  In  1799,  the  French 
were  defe.ited  at  this  place  by  the  Auftrians. 
iz  miles  N.  Parma,  20  E.  Cremona.  Long. 
10.  a5.E.  Z,^/.45.N. 

Cafale  Niiovo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partm.cnt  of  the  Adda,  near  the  conflux  of 
the  Adda  and  Po.     5  miles  AV.  Cremona. 

Cafale  Ntiovo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Capi- 
tanata.     11  miles  N.Lucera. 

Cafale  Nuovo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  B«i1- 
licata.     15  miles  S.  Turfi. 

Cafale  Nuovo,  fee  Mandtwla. 

Cafale  Piifjilefigo,a.  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Adda.  10  miles  SE.Lodi. 
Long.  9.  4Q,.  E.  Lat.  45.  ID.  N. 

Cafaleg'w,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  Plai- 
fentin,  where  two  battalions  of  the  Frencix 
were  made  prifoners  by  the  RuOians  ia 
1799;  and  fome  time  after  the  Aullrians 
were  defeated  by  the  French.  6  miles  SW. 
Piacenza. 

Cafalino,  fee  Miniacl. 

Cafalpo,  a  town  in  the  dutchy  of  Parma. 
9  miles  ENE.  Parma. 

Cafaina>fa,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,  Lat.  12.  28.  N. 

Cafinie,  a  tov/n  on  the  wefl  coaft  of 
Madagafcar.     Lat.  17.  10.  S. 

Cafan,  fee  Kazan. 

Cafim,  a  town  of  Italy.  8  miles  S. 
Tortona. 

Cafapa,  a  tov/n  of  South-America,  in 
Paraguay.     10  miles  SE.  Affumption. 

Cafarin,  a  town  of  Tunis.  60  miles 
NNW.  Cafsa. 

Cafafa,  or  Cagac^a,  a  feaport  town  of 
Africa,  in  the  kingdom  of  Fez,  at  the  mouth 
of  a  large  river  in  the  Mediterranean.  18 
miles  S.MeHlla.  Long. 't,.'\N .  Z.-?/.  35.8.N. 

Cafas  Grandest  a  town  of  New-Mexico, 
in  New  Navarre.    300  m.  SE.  Cafa  Grande. 

Cafafla,  a  village  of  Friuh.  Here,  in 
1-97,  the  Auflrians  were  defeated  by  the 
French. 


CAS 

Cafafoh,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Le6n.    aj 
miles  SW.  Salamanca. 

Cafavoli,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Bari.  14  miles  SW.  Monopoli. 
Casbhi,  or  Kaj'^join,  a  city  of  Perfja,  in 
y  the  province  of  Irak  Agemi,  fituated  in  a 
Vaft  fandy  plain,  9  miles  v/eft  from  the 
'  iiigheft  branch  of  Mount  Tauris.  It  was 
once  6  miles  in  circumference,  and  contained 
i2,oco  houfes,  but  from  the  civil  wars  of 
the  country,  it  was  fo  reduced,  that  Mr. 
Hanway  counted  no  more  than  1000.  The 
beautiful  palaces  are  in  ruins,  the  walls  are 
deftroyed,  and  it  has  neither  forts  or  gar- 
rifon  to  defend  it.  The  (ituation  is  advan- 
tageous in  many  refpedls  for  commerce, 
being  open  to  Georgia,  Ardirbeitzan,  and 
the  Cafpian  fea.  In  the  neighbourhood  are 
found  yellow  orpiment  and  copper  ore. 
Among  other  fruits,  the  inh.abitants  cultivate 
a  fpecies  of  grapes,  which  are  tranfparent; 
they  make  a  very  itrong  wine  of  fom.c,  and 
others,  dried  by  the  fun,  are  fent  to  all  the 
provinces  of  the  country.  The  v/ater  here 
is  bad ;  Mr.  Hanway  corrected  the  quality  of 
it  bv  boiling  in  it  raifins  and  barley.  Nadir 
Shah  built  a  new  palace  here  adjoining  to 
the  old  one;  the  wall  of  which  was  a  mile 
and  a  half  in  circumference,  thick  and  lofty, 
with  only  one  entrance,  which  is  an  arched 
gate;  within  are  four  large  fquares,  with 
trees,  foantains,  &c.  The  city  is  fquare, 
about  a  mile  each  way,  and  furrounded  with 
a  wall.  In  the  year  1727,,  this  city'  was 
taken  by  Aman  Ola,  general  of  the  Afghans; 
but  owing  to  the  extortions  and  licentious 
behaviour  of  his  foidiers,  the  inhabitants  rofe 
the  following  year,  and  drove  him  away 
from  the  city.  240  miles  NNW.  Ifpahan, 
180  SE.  Tabris.  Long.  48.  38.  E.  Lat. 
36.  8.  N. 

Cajlmona,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Calabria  Citra    5  m.  W.  Strcngoli. 

Cafcay  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe  of 
Truxillo.  45  miles  ESE.  Truxillo. 

Cafcabel,  (El,)  a  rocky  iflet  in  the  Spa- 
nifhMain.  65  miles  SW.  Jamaica.  Lorig. 
79.  5.  W.  Lat.  17.  3c.  N. 

Cafcade  Bay,  a  creek  in  Duflcy  Bay,  on 
the  fouth  conft  of  New  Zealand,  large 
enough  for  a  fleet  of  fliips,  with  a  paflage  on 
each  lide  of  an  ifland,  iituated  at  the  en- 
trance. A  fliarp  rock  lies  near  the  Ibuth- 
eart  coaft,  a  little  above  the  ifland. 

Cafcade  Bay,  a  bay  and  port  in  the  flraits 
of  Magellan,  on  the  coalf  of  Terra  del  Fu- 
ego.  "  A  remarkable  water-fall, fays  Monfieur 
Bougainville,  in  the  interior  part  of  the 
poit,  determined  me  to  call  them  bay  and 
port  of  the  cafcade,  the  middle  of  the  bay 
bears  north-e:ifl  and  fouth-wefl  with  cape 
Forward.  ,  The  fife  and  converient  anchor- 
age, and  the  facility  of  taking  in  wood  and 
water,  fliew  that  there  is  nothing  v/anting 


CAS 

in  it.  The  cafcade  is  formed  by  the  waters 
of  a  little  river  which  runs  between  feverat 
high  mountains ;  and  its  fall  meafures  about 
fifty  or  fixty  toiles,  /.  e.  300  or  360  feet 
French  meafure.  The  land  is  here  and 
there  covered  with  thickets,  and  has  fome 
little  plains  of  a  fhort  fpungy  mofs.  No 
vefliges  of  men  were  found,  for  the  favages 
of  this  part  feldom  or,  never  quit  the  Tea 
fhores  where  they  get  their  fubfiflence. — 
Upon  the  whole,  all  that  part  of  Terra  del 
Fuego,  reckoning  from  oppofite  Elizabeth 
Ifland,  feems  to  me  to  be  a  mere  duller  of 
great,  unequal,  highandmiOuntainous  iflands, 
whofe  tops  are  covered  with  eternal  fnow. 
I  make  no  doubt  but  there  are  many  channels 
between  them  into  the  fea.  The  trees  and  the 
plants  are  the  fame  here  as  on  the  coafl  of 
Patagonia;  and  the  trees  excepted,  the  country 
much  referables  that  of  the  Malouines." 

Cafcade  Canal.,  an  inlet  on  the  vv'efl  coaft 
of  North-America,  difcovered  by  Captain 
Vancouver,  who  fays,  the  width  of  this 
canal  did  not  any  where  exceed  three  quar- 
ters of  a  mile;  its  fliores  were  bounded  by 
precipices  much  more  perpfjndicular  than 
any  we  had  yet  feen  during  this  excurfion  ; 
and  from  the  fummits  of  the  mountains  that 
overlooked  it,  particularly  on  its  norths 
eaftern  fhore,  there  fell  feveral  large  caf- 
cades.  Thefe  were  extremely  grand,  and 
by  much  the  largeft  and  moft  tremendous 
of  any  we  had  ever  beheld.  The  impetu* 
ofity  with  which  thefe  watersdefcended  pro- 
duced a  flrong  current  of  air  that  reached 
nearly  to  the  oppofite  fide  of  the  canal, 
though  it  was  perfedly  calm  in  every  other 
direflion.  At  firfh  I  confidered  thefe  cai^ 
cades  to  have  been  folely  occafioned  by  the 
melting  of  the  fnow  on  the  mountains  that 
furrounded  us ;  but  on  comparing  them 
with  feveral  fmaller  falls  of  water,  which, 
by  their  colour,  by  the  foil  brought  down 
with  them,  and  other  circumfrances,  were 
evidently  produced  from  that  temporary 
caufe;  the  larger  torrents  appeared  to 
owe  their  origin  to  a  more  general  and  per- 
manent fource.  Lo)ig.  of  its  entrance  132. 
29.  E.  Lat.  52.  25.  N. 

Cafcade  Point.,  a  cape  on  the  weffern  coafl 
of  New  Zealand,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 
Long.  189.  4.  E.  Lat.AA'  5-  S. 

Cafcaes,  anciently  Cafcale,  a  feaport  of 
Portugal,  on  the  north  iidc  of  the  Tagus. 
In  1589,  it  was  taken  by  Sir  Francis  Drake. 
I?  miles  W.  Lifbon.  Long.t).  22.  W.  Lat, 
38.  44.  N. 

Cafcante,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre, 
6  miles  S.  Tudela,  45  NW.  SaragofTa.  Lo?}g. 
1.42.  W.  Lat.Ai-  7-  N. 

Cafcafel,   a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aude.      17  miles  SSW» 
Narbonnc. 
Ca/chau,  fee  Cajfovia. 


CAS 

Cafclii,  a  town  of  the  popedom,  in  the 
dutchv  ofSpoleto.    5  miles  SW.  Norcia. 

Cnfco,  a  town  of  North-America,  in  the 
dillria  of  Main.     4  miles  NE.  Portland. 

Cafco  Bay,  a  bay  of  Noith-America,  on 
the  coail  of  Main.  Long.  70.  ic.  W.  Lat. 
43.40.  N.  . 

Cafcampec  Harbour,  on  tlic  north  coaft 
of  the  illandof  St,  John,  in  North-America. 
Lo7!g.  6;,.  ';5'^^'^-  L.at.  46.  45.  N. 

Cafi'P'ihte,  (La,)  a  town  on  the  Ibuth 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Martinico. 

CafJ.itte,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Po.    8  miies  NVV.  Turin. 

Ciifdlc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Po,  on  a  fmail  river  which 
runs  into  theStura,  6  mile;  N.  Turin. 

CcifeiU'i  a  town  of  Italy.  10  miles  S. 
Verona. 

Cafe?ia,  or  CajTeyia,  a  kingdom  of  Africa, 
in  Nejrroland,  fnuated  at  the  Ibuth  fide  of 
the  Niger,  weft  of  Bornou. 

Cajl-nherg,  a  town  of  PrulTia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Oberland.  9  miles  S.  Ofterrod. 

Ciifindorfi  a  town  of  the  principality  of 
Culmbacli.     7  miles  SW.  Culmb.ich. 

Ciifc7H,  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.     160  miles  E.  Ifpahan. 

Cnfcrta,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Lavora, 
where  the  King  of  Naples,  afterwards 
Charles  III.  king  of  Spain,  built  a  moft  mag- 
nificent palace.  This  palace  was  left  un- 
finifhed  when  the  monarch  was  called  froni 
Naples  to  the  throne  of  Spain:  it  ftill  re- 
mains fo.  The  vaft  dimenfions  of  its  apart- 
ments, the  bold  fpan  of  their  ceilings,  the 
excellence  and  beauty  of  the  materials  em- 
ployed in  building  and  decorating  it,  and  the 
ftrcngth  ofthemafonry,  claim  the  admiration 
of  all  beholders  ;  who  muft  confefs,  that  it 
is  a  dwelling  fpacious  'and  grand  enough  to 
have  lodged  the  ancient  mafters  of  the  Ro- 
man world.  The  two  principal  fronts  are 
787  feet  in  length,  and  contain  five  ftories, 
of  3  7  windows  each.  The  two  other  fides  are 
616  feet  long,  and  conhft  alfo  of  five  ftories, 
in  each  of  which  are  27  windows.  The  in- 
terior is  divided  into  four  courts;  and  in  the 
centre  of  the  palace  is  a  funcrb  ftalrcafe, 
crowned  by  a  circular  hall,  which  affords  a 
communicntion  to  every  fet  of  apaitments. 
The  richeft  marbles  are  difplayed  with  pro- 
fufion,  moft  of  them  dug  out  of  quarries 
within  t~he  realm.  Calerta  is  tlie  fee  of  a 
bifhop.    5  miles  E.Capua,  13  N.  Naples. 

Cafcvcl,  a  tov/n  of  Poitugal,  in  Alentejo. 
54  miles  SW.  Br-ja. 

Cajhan,  or  Cachan,  or  Kafchajt,  a  town 
bf  Perfia,  in  the  province  of  Irac.  It  car- 
ries on  a  large  trade  in  (Jlk^  ftuffs,  brocades, 
&c.  and  was  once  famous  for  its  potteries. 
Among  th.e  inhabitants  are  Chriftian",  Jews, 
and  Gentoos;  the  number  of  houfes  was 
eftimated  by  Chaidia  at  ijco,  chiefiy  of 


C  A  g 

earth  and  brick.  There  were  40  mofques^ 
a  great  many  caravanferas,  and  th»ec  grand 
fepulchral  monuments  eretfced  in  honour  of 
three  dcfcendants  of  Ali.  50  miles  N.  Ifpa- 
han.   Lov.g.  51.  30.  E.  Lat.  33.54.N. 

CnP.um,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Chorafan.  »4 
miles  NE.  Herat. 

Ccijhd-,  a  city  of  Ireland,  in  the  county  oi 
Tipperary,  and  fee  of  an  archbiHiop,  for- 
merly t;ie  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Munfter, 
It  contains  about  600  houic-s,  and  fends  one 
member  to  the  i:r!pcriu!  purliament  A  fynod 
was  held  here  by  Henry  I.  king  of  England* 
in  1 158,  by  which  the  kingdom  of  Ireland 
wa?  confirmed  to  him.  3 1  miles  NW.  W?i- 
tcrford,  43  NNE.  Cork.  Long.  7.  50.  W. 
Let.  52.  31.  N. 

Cajhd,  mountainsnf  Ireland,  in  thecoiinly 
of  Galway.     30  miles  WNW.  Galway. 

CaJJjc'nJa!  Bay,  or  Red  Bay,  a  bav  of  Ire* 
land,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  Antrim.  Long.  5> 
53.  W.    Zfl'/.  55.4.N. 

Cajhie,  a  river  of  North-Carolina,  whica 
runs  into  the  Roanoke.  Zcz/f.  77.  3.  W. 
LaL  ^S'  57- N- 

Cajhhi,  a  river  of  Ireland,  formed  by  the 
union  of  two  fmaller  ftrcams,  the  Feai  and 
Gale,  in  the  county  of  Kerry,  which  empties 
itfelf  into  the  Shannon. 

CaJJdeh  Buy,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  oa 
the  weft  coaft  of  Ireland.  Long.  9.  36.  W« 
Z..7/.  53.  13.  N. 

Cajhmere,  fee  Cachemlre, 

CaJJjna,  or  Kafjlna,  a  city  of  Afia,  and 
capital  of  a  kingdom,  (ituated  between  Bor- 
nou and  Tombuftou,  faid  to  contain  a  thon- 
fand  towns  and  villages;  the  emperor  is 
called  i\\z  Sultan  of  all  Soudan,  i.e.  Negro- 
land.  The  principal  articles  of  traffic  are 
fena,  gold-duft,  flaves,  cotton  cloths,  goat- 
fliins,  ox  and  buffalo  hides,  and  civet;  for 
which  they  receive  in  return  couries,  fmall 
fea-fhells,  which  conftitute  the  common  coio 
of  the  country,  horfes,  red  woollen  caps, 
chequed  linens,  light  coarfe  woollen  cloths, 
baize,  barakans,  carpets,  filk  wrought  and 
unwrought,  tifi'aes,  brocades,  biafs,  fabres, 
knives,  fciffais,  coral,  beads,  and  fmall  look- 
ing-glafi'es.  Caflma  has  no  fait  lakes  or 
mines,  and  Is  fuppiied  with  that  article  from 
Bornou.  650  miLs  WSVV.  Bornou,  690 
ESE.  from  Tombuctou.  Long.  11.  34.  E. 
Lat.  16.  30.  N. 

Cajhy,  a  fmall  ctiimtry  of  Afia,  governed 
by  a  rajah,  dependent  oa.  Thibet,  a  little  to 
the  north  of  Oude. 

CaJhy,  a  "town  of  Afia,  and  capital  of  a 
country  of  tlie  fame  name.  120  miles  N. 
Fyzabad.    Long.  82»  50.  E.  Lat.  a8.  41.  N. 

Cafiar,  fee  Cafarea, 

Cajihli,  afortrefs  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley 
ofNoto.     12  miles  SW.  Syracufe.  • 

CaJ'.gr.ana.,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Uhta.    17  miles  NE'.  Bova. 


CAS 

Cafikli,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  on  the 
•weft  coail  of  Natolia.  Long.  27.  25.  E. 
Lat.  37.  22.  N. 

Cajilijla,-  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  Poraerelia. 
,1;  miles  N.  Marienburg. 

Cafiwerjburg,  a  town  of  Hinder  Pome- 
rania.     14  miles  ENE.  Colberg. 

Cafunir,  a  town  of  Poland,  on  the  ViJC- 
tuUi,  on  the  fide  oppo.fite  to  Cracow,  from 
which  it  IS  only  feparated  by  a  bridge;  it 
■was  built  by  King  Cafimir  the  Great,  for  an 
tiniverhty.  It  contained  eleven  colleges,  and 
fourteen  fchools. 

Cajiviir,  or  Cafjfiy,  a  river  of  Syria,  an- 
ciently called  Eleutherus,  which  runs  into 
the  fea,  four  miles  north  Sur.  In  this  river 
the  emperor  Barbaroffa  was  drowned. 

Cajtfuirt  fee  Kazimiers. 

Cafi?io,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs  into 
the  fea,  two  miles  north- weft  Cape  Stilo. 

Cafiquari,  a  river  of  South-America, 
which  forms  a  communication  between  the 
Rio  Negro  and  the  0/oonoko.  300  miles 
^V.  Fort  Rio  Negro. 

Caftr  el  Cabir,  fee  Alcagar  ^ciher. 

Cajlonat  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Jacn,  anciently  a  rich  and  lUuilrious  city 
under  the  Carthaginians,  and  after  them 
under  the  Romans,  and  called  Caltulo,  or 
Caftalo.  It  bore  a  coniiderable  rank  among 
tlie  cities  of  Bcctica,  and  gave  name  to  a  part 
of  the  Sierra  Morena,  which  was  called 
S-altus  Cajlulonenjis.  It  was  afterwards 
treated  into  a  bilhop's  fee;  but  it  has  long 
loft  its  grandeur,  and  tlie  bifliopric  is  re 
moved.  Near  it  was  a  filver  mine,  which 
has  not  been  wrouglit  for  many  centuries. 
The  remains  of  an  aquedufl  fnew  it  to  have 
been  very  magniiicent.     7  miles  W.  Baeza. 

Ci'Jha,  a  (.own  of  Peru,  in  the  audience 
of  Lima.     25  miles  SE.  Xauxa. 

Cafiny,  lee  Cajimir, 

Ccijo.,  a  fmall  iiland  in  the  Mediterranean, 
about  lix  miles  Ibuth  from  the  iiland  of  Scar- 
panto.     Long.  26.  42.  E.     Lat.  35.  :^T,.  N. 

Cafolii  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Citra.     15  niiles  SSE.  Civita  di  Chieta. 

Cafof!,  a  tov/n  of  Switzerland,  in  the  bai- 
liwick of  Bellinzona.  3  m.NNE.Bellinzona. 

Cajoratc,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  dcpatt- 
nient  of  the  Olona.     11  miles  SSVV.  Milan 

^'•({fv^t  'I  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  litu- 
atcd'at  die  conflux  of  the  Guadaloupe  and 
tlie  Ebio.  The  country  round  produces 
corn,  wine,  oil,  and  iafiron.  Here  Ferdi- 
nand IV.  was  elefttd  king  of  Aragon.  44 
miles  SE.  SaragofTa,  35  S.  Baiballro.  Long. 
o.  3.  W.     Ltit./^i.  ly.  N. 

Cafp'uu!  Scay  a  large  lake  of  Afia,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Rulha,  on  the  eaft  by  Tar- 
tary  and  Peifia,  on  tlie  fouth  by  Pcrfja,  and 
on  Ihc  weft  by  Perfia,  Circallia,  and  RuOia; 
according  to  the  new  map  of  Ruflia,  about 
joo  miJcs  ia  lcii;^th  from  nouh  to  iuu'tii, 


CAS 

and  from  i^q  to  220  in  breadth;  fuppofed 
to  be  the  largeft  lalv£  in  the  eaftern  part  of 
the  globe.  The  water  is  fait,  and  of  an 
ochre  colour,  without  ebb  or  flow.  Though 
infome  places  it  is  exceedingly  deep,  yet  it 
abounds  in  fliallows,  fo  as  to  prevent  the  na« 
vigation  of  Ihips  which  draw  more  than  nine 
or  ten  feet  water.  The  fifheries  here,  which 
are  very  valuable,  occupy  and  train  many 
feamen.  The  Cufikks  of  Ural  polTefs  thefe 
fifheries  on  their  coaifs  for  the  Ipace  of  32 
verfts,  on  both  banks  of  the  river  Ural;  and 
the  inhabitants  of  Ail:racan  pofl'eis  all  the 
reft  belonging  to  Ruilia.  Among  other  fifli 
are  fturgeon  and  beluga,  whofe  eggs  furnifh 
abundance  of  wliat  the  Ruffians  call  caviere, 
a  kind  of  difli  of  which  they  are  very  fond  ; 
the  dry  and  fait  fifh  alfo  form  a  very  import- 
ant article  in  the  diet  of  the  Ruffians.  The 
Cafpian  fea  likewife  abounds  with  fea-dogs, 
whofe  flefh  the  Coflacks  eat^and  from  which 
they  extrad  oil  in  coniiderable  quantities. 
The  coafts  are  divided  among  the  Ruffians, 
Perlians,  and  Tartars.  The  Cafpian  Sea  was 
by  the  ancients  called  the  Hyrcanian  Sea ; 
the  Tartars  call  It  Akdingis,  i.e.  the  White: 
Sea  ;  the  Georgians  call  it  the  Kurtflienfian 
Sea;  and  by  the  Perfians  it  is  ffiled  Gurfen. 

Cafr  Band,  a  town  of  Perfia,  In  the  pro- 
vince of  Mecran. 

Cafr  Caroon,  or  Kafr  Keriin,  an  ancient 
temple  of  Egypt,  which  Dr.  Pocock  fup- 
pofes  to  be  the  temple  of  the  labyrinth. 
Herodotus  mentions  a  pyramid  at  the  corner 
or  the  labyrinth,  and  Strabo  fpeaks  of  a  fe- 
pulchre  at  the  end  of  it,  which  was  afquare 
pyiamid,  in  which  he  fays  Imandes  was  bu- 
ried, and  that  ibme  Hicred  crocodiles  were 
alfo  depofited  in  it.  Herodotus,  who  men- 
tions only  a  pyramid  in  general,  fpeaks  of  it 
as  240  feet  fquare.  Thepiefent  building  is 
about  165  feet  long,  and  80  broad.  27  miles 
W.  Faioum. 

Ccijfa,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  province 
of  Hedsjas.    45  miles  SE.  Niab. 

Cajfadgatb,  a  lake  of  North-America. 
Long.  106.  i$.  W.  ,  Lat.  62.  32.  N. 

Caffagnast  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de*- 
partineiit  of  the  Luxene.  8  miles  SE.  Florae. 

Cajfagne,  (La, J  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Dordogne.  7  miles  SE» 
Montignac. 

Cajj'agjies,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de*- 
partment  of  Aveiron.     10  miles  S.  Rhodez. 

Cajfalegas,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caf- 
tlle.     iz  miles  from  Talavera. 

Cajfandra,  (Gulf  of )  a  bay  on  the  coafl 
of  Euiopean  Turkey,  in  the  north-v.'eft  part 
of  the  Archipelago,  eaft  of  the  Gulf  of  Sa# 
loniki.     Long.  23.  50.  E.     Lat.  40.  N. 

Cafandra  Nova,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  fituated  on  the  north 
coaft  of  the  entrance  In  the  gulf  of  Saloniki 
li  miles  SJE.  Saloniki* 


'CAS 

VaJafidrLr,  or  Cadfitnd,  a  town  of  Hol- 
land, in  the  ifland  of  Cadfand.  a  miles  N. 
Sluys. 

Caffano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  country 
of  Bari.     15  miles  S.  Bari,  00  E«  Benevento. 
Cajfano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Ultra.     12  miles  W.  Gonza. 

Cafano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra,  the  fee  of  abiifiop,  fuffragan  of  Co* 
fenza.  21  miles  NW.  Rolano,  119  ESE. 
Naples.     Zc>«^.  i6.  30.  E.  Z*?/.  39.  48.N. 

Cajfanot  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Adda  :  on  that  river  Prince  Eu- 
gene received  a  check,  from  the  Duke  of 
Vendome,  on  the  i6tb  of  Auguft  1705, 
though  eachboafted  ofthe  advantage.  Near 
this  town  the  French  were  defeated  by  the 
Auftrians  on  the  a7th  of  April  1799  ;  the 
lofs  ofthe  allies  was  about  3000;  the  lofs  of 
the  French  4000  killed  and  wounded,  and 
5000  prifoners.  16  miles  NE.  Milan.  Long. 
9.30E.  Lat.  45-  32- ^• 

Cajjarano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Otranto.  8  miles  WNW.Allefano. 
Cajjareen,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  fouth 
part  of  the  kingdom  of  Tunis,  fituated  on 
an  eminence  near  a  fmall  river  called  Derb. 
It  was  anciently  named  Colonia  Scillitana. 
Upon  a  precipice  immediately  over  the  river 
is  a  beautiful  triumphant  arch,  and  in  the 
plain  below  feveral  fepulchral  monuments. 
100  miles  S.  Bona,  120  SW.  Tunis. 

Caffhro,  II,  a  tov/n  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley 
ofNoto.     15  miles  W.  Syracufe. 
Cajfay,  fee  'Mechley. 

Cajede,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre.    6 
iniles  from  Sangvaefa. 

Cajfestas,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  Georgia. 
165  miles  WSW.  Augufta. 

Cajfegana,  one  of  the  fmaller  Friendly 
Iflands.     12  miles  S.  Annamooka. 

Cajfel,  a  city  of  Germany,  capital  of 
Lower  Heffe,  and  refidence  ofthe  landgrave. 
The  river  Fulda  divides  it  into  two  unequal 
parts,  one  of  which  is  called  the  Old  Town, 
the  other  the  New,  which  are  united  by  a 
bridge  of  120  paces  in  length,  the  former  is 
the  largeft,  but  ill  built ;  the  ftrcets  are  nar- 
row and  winding,  the  houfes  irregular,  old, 
and  for  the  moft  part  built  with  wood.  The 
New  Town  is  divided  into  Upper  and 
Lower,  the  latter  is  fmall,  and  as  ill  built  as 
the  Old  Town ;  the  Upper  New  Town, 
called  alfo  the  French  Town,  having  been 
firfl  inhabited  by  French  Proteltants,  who 
emigrated  after  the  revocation  of  the  ediift 
of  Nantz,  is  more  handfome  than  the  reft. 
The  ftreets  are  wide  and  Itraight;  the 
houfes  uniformly  built  in  a  good  flyle, 
with  many  magnificent  palaces  and  public 
buildings.  In  the  whole  city  they  count 
35,000  inhabitants.  There  are  foveral 
churches,  and  amongft  the  public  buildings 
are  the  prince's  palace,  -which  m  A  ftrtreia, 
Vol.  I, 


^C  AS 

furrbunded  by  lofty  ramparts;  a  public  li- 
brary, well  fiirnifhcd  with  books,  manu- 
fcript?,  paintings,  &c.  a  theatre,  a  maga- 
zine of  corn  and  wood,  an  anatomical 
theatre,  &c.  There  are  feveral  manufiic- 
tures  of  cloth  and  woollen  llufFs,  fine  hats, 
gold  and  lilver  lace,  ftockings  of  worfled. 
and  filk,  tobacco,  earthen-ware  in  imitation 
of  china,  &c.  It  \Vas  taken  by  the  French 
in  the  year  1760,  and  kept  by  them  till  the 
peace  in  1763.  84  miles  NE.  Coblentz,  84 
NNE.  Mentz,  50  S£.  Paderburn.  Lojig. 
9.  J5.E.  LcJt.r,\.  18.  N. 

Cajfcly  a  tov/n  or  village  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  fituated  on 
the  Maine,  oppoiite  to  Ments,  with  which 
it  has  a  communication  by  means  of  a  bridge 
of  boats.  It  was  taken  by  the  French  in 
the  year  179^,  and  fortified  by  them.  The 
next  year  it  was  fet  on  lire  in  the  fiegc  of 
Mentz,  and  feteral  ammunition  waggons 
blown  up,  when  it  was  retaken  by  the 
PruiTians. 

Cajfd,  or  Mont  Cajfel,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  North,  fituated  on 
a  hill  which  commands  the  country  round 
for  a  great  extent,  including  in  its  view  3^ 
cities  and  towns,  and  the  caftle  of  Dover, 
acrols  the  Englifh  Channel.  In  1328,  a  bat- 
tle was  fought  near  this  place  between  the 
French  and  the  Flemings,  who  had  revolted 
and  driven  out  their  count :  the  French  ob- 
tained a  complete  vi<ftory,  and  the  count 
was  reftored.  In  1383,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Englifh.  In  1677,  another  battle  was  fought 
here  between  the  French  under  the  Duke  of 
Orleans,  and  the  Spaniards  under  the  Prince 
of  Orange ;  the  latter  were  defeated,  but 
the  retreat  of  the  Prince  was  conduced  in 
fo  mallerly  a  manner,  that  the  duke  could 
not  venture  to  purfue  him.  6  pofts  WNW. 
Lille,  ■;\  ESE.  Calais. 

Cajjemabad,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irac.     18  miles  S.  Com. 

CaJJefmtil;  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  of  the  Lot  and  Garonne,  on  the 
Lot.    5  miles  NW.  Villensuve  d'Agen. 

Cajj'cr,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irac,  on 
the  Tigris.     120  miles  SSE.  Bagdad. 

Cajjcra,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Mewat. 
18  miles  NNE.  ?/Iacherry. 

Cajferbary  Gatit,  a  mountainous  pafs  of 
Hindooftan  between  the  circar  of  Aurunga- 
bad  and  Baglanu.     25  miles  N.  Chandor. 

Caferten,  fee  Caffamn. 

Cf'J//^/"!?/,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  fsa,  north  of  the  river  Sierra  Leona. 

Cajjirgiinge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.    46  miles  NNE.  Pucculoe. 

Cajfui,  a  country  of  Sumatra.  The  inha- 
bitants live  in  villages,  independent  one  ot 
another,  and  are  r.l\vays  at  war. 

Cajfirnpiii^i  d,  to>»^  of  flengjiL     16  itoiles 
.N,,  Dacca. 
fTk 


C  AS 


C  A  S 


Cajftlkas,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eftra- 
madura.    3  miles  S.  Lifton. 

CaJJlna^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tanaro.     6  miles  N.  Acqui. 

C.'?//^/)ij«r,  a  river  of  Guiana,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  52.  6.  W.  Lat.  3. 
46.  K.     . 

CaJJir,  a  town  of  Algiers.  18  miles  W. 
Boujci;^h. 

Cajfrr  ylfdte,-a.to\vr\  of  Africa, in  the  king- 
dom of  Tunis,  fuppofed  by  Dr.  Shaw  to 
be  built  on  the  lite  of  the  ancient  Civitas 
SiaQ;itana. 

CaJJlr  Jtfyre,  Plains  of,  a  diftridt  of  Al- 

'  giers,  in  the  province  of  Conftantinay  a  little 

to  the  north  of  Seteef,  inhabited  by  a  tribe 

of  Arabs  called  Raigah,  who  arc  celebrated 

.for breeding  the  befthorfes  in  the  country. 

Ca'i;r  Honuley,  a  town  of  Tunis,  iz  miles 
NW.Herkla. 

CaffirJcbbtr.i'X^QWXi  of  Alpiers, anciently 
.called  Nedagara.    48  miles  E.  Tiffefh. 

Cajjls,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
.ment  of  the  Mouths  of  the  Rhone,  on  the 
coaft  of  the  Mediterranean,  with  a  fmall 
,  port.     8  miles  SE.  Marfeilles. 

Cajfopo,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Corfu.  8 
.  miles  N.  Corfu. 

Caffova,  {Plain  of,)  a  tra£l:  of  country  in 
European  Turkey,  which  feparates  Rafcia, 
from  Bulgaria,  celebrated  by  the  viflories  of 
the  two  firft  Amuraths. 

Cajfovia,  or  Cnfckau,  a  free  and  royal 
town  of  Hungary,  the  feat  of  a  tribunal ;  the 
univerfity  was  fupprellbd  in  the.  year  1782. 
It  has  a  good  arfenal.  In  the  year  1685,  this 
•  town  was  taken  by  the  Turks,  and  in  1704, 
it  was  compelled  to  furrendcr  to  Prince  Ra- 
gotzi,  for  want  of  provifions.  100  miles  S. 
Cracow,  1 14  NW.  Claufenburg.  Long.  20. 
.40.  E.  Z/^/".  49.  40.  N. 

Caffhivlv,  a  town  ,  of  Hindoodan,  near 
•Agra^where  the  Mahrattas  were  defeated  by 
the.Britilli,  in  November  1803. 

Cafiauha,  a  town  of  Hindooltan,  in  Can- 
deilh.    .12  miles  SW.  Chuprah. 

Cafahiiena,  a  town  of  lllria.  6  miles  S. 
Capo  d'Iftria. 

Cajlagiii'dolo,  a  town  of  Italy,,  in. the  de.- 
.  .partnient.uf  .the  Mela.  6  miles  SSE.  Brefcia, 
■   aS  NW.  Mantua. 

CaJlag/!if.o,-A.\.ovin  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Po,  on  the  right  .bank  of 
that  ri.ycr,.oppolite  Chivaz7.o. 

Cnjldgnola,  a  town  of  Fra.nce,  \x\  the  dc- 
partmeat  of  the  Po,  on  that  river.  ,8  miles 
,    3.  Turin,  7  NW.  C;i,r-ipagnoku    ,   .,'  .  .• 

,.  Ca^laoimia,  or  Kajhiinojii,  a  town  of 
Ahatic  Tyrkey'i  jn  the  prgyinco  of  Natolia. 
,  it  .was  fu)-;iKifJ7.a.Wg;e.gi;;-y^.^nU  the  lee  of 
a  Greek  archbilhop,  but  is.iVoj^i  .isiuch  re.-' 
duccd  in  fize  and  magnificence.  •  24o"i~iHles 
E.  Conilaiuiiiyple.  Long.  34. 18.  £.  L.U. 
4G.  42.  N. 


Cdflanet,  a  town  of  France,  In  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Garronne.  6  miles  SSE. 
Touloufe. 

Cajianetto,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Corfica."  i 
13  miles  NE.  Corte. 

Caftanheira,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Eftramadura.  iSm.NE.  Lifbon. 

Cajlankelra,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Eftramadura.  24  miles  ESE. 
Coimbra. 

Caflanhe'ira,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Beira.     7  miles  E.  Aveiro. 

Cajlania,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Samos. 
9  miles  NNW.  Cora. 

Cajtano,  a  town  of  Italy.  1 8  miles  WNW. 
Milan. 

Cajleglo,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Maiengo.     5  miles  NE.  Voghera. 

Ccjjhl,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy 
cfCarniola.     13  miles  SSW.  Gottfchee. 

Cajlel,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Bavaria,  and  Upper  Palatinate,  taken  by 
the  French  in  1796.  10  miles  SW.  Amberg. 

Cajlel  Baldo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Pa- 
duan,  containing  about  3000  inhabitants. 
It  has  a  citadel,  built  in  1282.  In  1796,  it 
was  taken  by  the  French.  18  miles  W. 
Rovigo,  30  SSW.  Padua. 

Cajlel  Belforte,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  county  of  Tyrol.     1 1  m.  NNW.  Trent. 

Cajlel  Bom,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Beira.     8  miles  SSE.  Almeyda. 

Cajlel  BoniJ'acio,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Candia.    '12  miles  SSW.  Candia. 

Cajlel  Branco,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Beira.  It  has  a  double  wall, 
flanked  with  feven  towers,  and  defended  by 
an  old  caiile.  It  contains  two  churches, 
two  hofpitals,  a  poor-houfe,  two  convents, 
and  3700  inhabitants.  In  176?,  this  town 
was  taken  by  the  Spaniards.  54  miles  SE. 
Coimbra.     Long.  7.  12.W.  Lau  39.  47.  N. 

Cajlel  Buono,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  val- 
ley of  Demona.     12  miles  S.  Cefalu. 

Cajlel  Cidicr,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  5  miles 
SE.Agen. 

Cajlel  Durante,  or  Urha7}ca^  a  town  of 
the  Popedom,  in  the  dutchy  of  Urbino,  the 
fee  of  a  biOiop,  on  the  J<ktro.  7  miles  SW. 
U.rbino,  40  N.  Perugia.  Long.  12.  25.  E. 
L^/.  43.  45.N. 

Cajlel  Fidardo,  a  town  of  the.marquifate 
of  Ancona,     ic  miles  S.  Ancona. 

Cajlel  de  Fellit,.  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Ca- 
talonia, neartlie  fca.     6  m.  SW.  Barcelona. 

Qajlel  FcJlit,  a  tpwn  of  Spain,  in.  Catalo- 
nia, at  the  foot  of  the  Pyrenees.  In  1694, 
it^  was  taken  by  the  French  and  difmantled. 
jj;..miie3NW'.  Gerona. 
■-  (^i//4'^  iva.rcv;//X'c,.a,to\vn  of  Etruria.  16 
miles  SSW.  Florence. 

Caftd  Fraih',  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
d'.'pannivnt  of  the  Lot.  3  m.  Xs  W.  Luzeclj. 


CAS 

Caflel  Frafico,  a  town  of  the  iflarid  of 
Candia,  near  the  fouth  coaft.  i6  miles  SSW. 
Retimo. 

Caflel  Fraiicotje,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
the  province  of  Otranto.  5  miles  SE.  Lccce. 

Caflt-l  Franco,  x  town  of  Naples,  in  Prin- 
cipato  Ultra.     15  miles  NE.  Bcnevento. 

Cajlcl  Gandol-^ho,  a  town  of  the  Popedom, 


CAS 

Cajld  Rcfo,  fee  CarJflo,  and  CaJIelh 
Rofo. 

Cajlel  Sagrat,  a  town  of  Francr,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  18 
miles  E.  Agen. 

Cajlel  St.  Pietr-o,  a  town  of  the  county 
of  Tyrol,     u  miles  SSW.  Bolzano. 

Cajlel  Saraji?!,  a   town  of  France,   and 


in  the  Campap.na  di  Roma.  13  m.E.  Rome,  principal  place  of  a  diftriifl,  in  the  depart 
^   '''  '  '^-    ''     '  '' -^    '      •      '       ment   of  the   Upper   Garonne.     30    miles 

WNVV.  Touloufe,  24  ESE.  Agen.  Long. 
I.  12.  E.  Lai.  44.2.  N. 

Cajlcl  Selino,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Can- 
dia, on  the  foutii  coal},  near  the  weftern  ex- 
tremity. 21  miles  SVV.  Canea.  Long.  23. 
42.  E.  Lat.  2,5.  15.  N. 

Cajlel  Torncfc,  a  town  of  the  Morea, 
fituated  on  an  eminence  near  the  fea,  and 
defended  with  a  kind  of  caftlc.  10  miles  S. 
Chiarenza. 

Cajlel  UbalJo,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey, 
in  Caramania.     2  miles  SW.  Alanieh. 

Cajlel  Vetera?io,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the 
valley  of  Mazara.     8  miles  S.  Mazara. 

Cajlelanza,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Olona.     14  miles  NW.  Milan. 

Cajlelaun,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Sarre,  late  the  chief  place 


Cajlcl  Ginfrcdo,  a  town  of  Italv,  in  the 
department  of  the  Mincio.  14  miles  NW. 
Mantua,  13  SW.  Pefchiera. 

Cajlcl  Giuliano,  a  town  of  the  Popedom, 
in  the  Patrimonio.     3  miles  S.  Bracciano. 

Cajlel  lie  las  Guardas,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  the  province  of  Andalufia.    24  m.  Seville. 

Cajlcl  de  Jaci,  a  fort  of  the  illand  of 
Sicily.     9  miles  NE.  Catania. 

Cajlel  Jaloux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  It  car- 
ries on  a  conliderable  trade  in  honey,  cattle, 
and  wine.  21  miles  WNW.  Agen,  10  SW. 
Tonneins.     Long.  o.  10.  E.  Lat.  44.  19.  N. 

Cajlcl  Leon,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalo- 
nia.    60  miles  N.  Balaguer. 

Cajlel  Leone,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Po.  15  m.  WNW. 
Cremona,  6  SE  Crema 


Cajlel  Mada?na,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,    of  a  bailiwick  belonging  to  the  county  of 


in  the  Campagna  di  Roma.  3  m.  NE.  Tivoli 
Cajlcl  Manjiora,  a  town  of  Ahatic  Tur- 
key, in  Natolia.     28  miles  SW.  Mogla. 

Cajlcl  Melkar,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Beira.     15  miles  N.  Pinhel. 

Cajlcl  Mende,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Beira.    8  miles  ENE.  Almeida. 


Sponheim.  22  miles  SSW.  Coblentz,'  26 
NW.  Creutznach.  Z,(?«^.  7.  23.  E.  Lat, 
50.  3.  N. 

Cajlelculier,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  4  miles 
ESE.  Agen. 

Cajleihohn,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  ifland 


Cajlel  Mirabel,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  of  Aland. 

Candia.     8  miles  S.  Spina  Longa.  Cajlelct,  La,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de 

Cajlcl  Moron,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  partment  of  the  Aifne.     10   miles  N.  St. 

departnientof  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  9  miles  Quentin. 

W.  Villeneuve  d'Agen.  Cajlell,   (County  of,)  a   principality   of 

Cajlel  Moron  d'' Albert,  a  town  of  France,  Germany,  fituated  bttv\^een  tiie  bifhopric  of 

and  feat  of  a  tribunal,  in  the  department  of  Wurtzburg,  the  principality  of  Anhalt,  the 

the  Gironde.     27  miles  SE.  Bourdeaux.  lordfhip  of  Limburg,    and   the  county  of 

Cajlel  Nova,  ■A.  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  Schwarzenburg;  it  owes  itj  name  to  an  an- 

province  of  Beira.   9  miles  N.  Caftel  I'ranco.  cient  caltle,  deftroyed  by  the  peafants  in  the 

Cajlcl  N novo,   a  town  of  Naples,  in  La-  year  1525.    It  paid   18  lioiins  for  a  Homan 

vora.     10  miles  N.Venafro.  month,  and  was  taxed  a:  i8  rix-dollars  84 

Caflel  d'Oggio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  kreutzers. 

department   of  the   Gogna.     3    miles  W.  Cajlellajiionte,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 

Mortara.  department  of  the  Dora.    7  m.  SSW.  Ivrea. 

Cajlel  Po?iione,   a  town  of  Italy,   in  the  _  Cajlellanc,  a  town  of  France,   and  prin- 

department  of  the  Upper  Po.     14  miles  E.  cipal  place  of  a  diftrict,  in  the  department 
Cremona. 

Cajlcl  Protijfa,   a  town  of  the 


of  the  lower  Alps,  fituated  at  the  foot  of  a 
mountain,  on  the  river  Verdon,  in  a  plca- 
fant  and  fertile  fpot.  36  m.  W.Nice,  20 
SE.  Digne.  Long.  6.  T,r.  E.  Lat.  43.51.  N. 
Cajlellanttta,  a  tow.n  of  Naples,  in  the 
province  of  Otranto,   the  fee  of  a  bifliop. 


fland  of 
Candia,  on  the  S.  coaft.  25  m.  SSW.  Candia. 

Cajlcl  di  ^linzane,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  departmenc  of  the  Mela.  15  miles  SSW. 
Brefcia. 

C^/y?c/ i<!<7p^;;/,  a  town  of  European  Tur-    iutFragan  of  'J'arento.     18  miles  ESE.  Ma 
key,  in  the  Morea.     32  miles  SSE.  Miiitra.     tera,  17  WNW.Tarcnto.     Lo7!g.  16. 55.E 

Cajlel  Rodrigo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the    Lat.  40.  50.  N. 
province  of  Beira.     In  1762,  this  town  was        6'<^/^///7;7(5,  a  to\vn  of  Naples,  in  the  prO' 
taken  by  the  Spaniards.  10  ra.  NW.  Pinhel.    vincc  of  Bari.  8  milts  SW.  Monopcli^ 

K  k  a 


CAS 

Caflellano,  a  town  of  Italy,  In  the  Vero- 
nefe.     i6  miles  SW.  Verona. 

Caflellanzo,  a  town  of  Italy.  i6  miles 
WNW.  Milan. 

Cajkllaro,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mincio.  In  the  month  of 
Auguft  1796,  a  party  of  the  French,  con- 
fifting  of  300  men,  were  furrounded  here 
by  the  Auftrians;  General  Charton  was  killed. 
10  miles  N.Mantua. 

Caftellaro,  a  town  of  Genoa.  5  miles 
W.  Vintimiglia. 

Caftdlajfo,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Marengo.     7  m.  S.  Alexandria. 
CaJlcUato,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  CuHacan.     50  miles  E.  St.  Miguel. 
Gafiellengo,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Sefia.     8  miles  SE.  Biella. 

Caftelletto,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Stura.  In  1799,  the  French 
were  defeated  here  by  the  Aullrians.  6  m. 
NE.  Corri. 

Cajlelletto,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Po.  i  c  m.NW.  Cremona. 
Ccijielliery  a  town   of  Germany,  in   the 
county  of  Tyrol.     7  miles  SSE.  Bolzano. 

Cajlellina,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Parma,     ii  m.iles  WNW.  Parrna. 

Cajlellioy  atown  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Citra.     16  miles  WSW.  Policaflro. 

Cajlello,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Cadorin. 
7  miles  W.  Cadora. 

Cajlello  Delia  Ahhaie,  a  town  of  Naples, 

in  Principato  Citra.     29  m.  SW.  Cangiano. 

Cajlello  d^Albori,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 

Prir»cipato  Ultra.     10  miles  NE.  Benevento. 

Cajlello  Aquilai  a  town  of  the  Popedom, 

in  the  dutchy  of  Spoleto.     10  miles  NW. 

•  Xarni. 

Cajlello  Arragonefe,  a  feaport  town  of 
Sardinia,  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fuffragan  of 
SafFari.  18  miles  NE.  Saflari.  Long.  8.  50. 
E.  Lat.  40.  50.  N. 

Cajlello  Bia?ica,  a  town  of  Genoa.  7 
miles  N.  Alberiga., 

Cajlello  Bolog?ieJl;  a  town  of  Italy,  in  thic 
department  of  the  Reno.  6  miles  S..  Imola, 
55  N.  Fayenza. 

Cajlello  di  Bivo^ia,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Calabria  Ultra,  built  on  the  ruins  of  the  an- 
cient Hippo  or  Hipponium,  a  city  founded 
by  the  Greeks  of  Locri.  From  them  it  was 
taken  by  the  Brutii,  and  from  the  latter  by 
the  Romaiis,  who  fent  thither  a  colony,  and 
called  it  Vibona  and  Valentia.  This  charm- 
ing country  was  called  ia  the  fables  of  the 
Greeks  the  Scat  of  Love;  and  here  they  fay 
Profcrpine  frequently  came  from  Sicily  to 
gather  the  flowers  of  Hipponium.  6  miles 
W.  Montereone. 

Cajello  Cerreto,  a  town  of  Etruria.  18 
miles  W.  Florence. 

Cajlello  di  Cl'iara,  a  town  of  Sardinia. 
43  miles  NE.  Caglian. 


CAS 

Cajlello  Chiarijfat  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the'' 
Friuli.     8  miles  NW.  Gemona. 

Cajlello  Franco,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Calabria  Citra.    4  miles  NW.  Cofenza. 

Cajlello   Franco^  a  town  of  Naples,   in 
Principato  Ultra.     14  m.  ENE.  Benevento. 
Cajlello  Franco,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Trevifan.     9  miles  WSW.  Trevigio. 

Cajlello  Franco,  a  town  of  Genoa.  11 
miles  NE.  Vintimiglia. 

Cajlello  Franco,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Reno.  12  miles  W.Bo- 
logna. 

Cajlello  Gulielmo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Polefino  de  Rovigo.  14  m.  WSW.  Rovigo^ 
Cajlello  Guldone,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
the  country  of  Molife.  11  milcsN.  Moiife. 
Cajlello  Lanhazo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Entre  Duero  e  Minho.  4 
miles  E.  Braga. 

Cajlello  Maggiore,  a  town  of  the  republic 
of  Lucca.     12  miles  A^'NW.  Lucca. 

Cajlello  a  Mare,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the 
valley  of  Mazzara,  lituated  on  a  bay  of  the 
Mediterranean.  Here  is  a  curatore  or  ma- 
gazine for  corn.  22  miles  WSW.  Palermo, 
Lo7ig.  12.  54.  E.  Lat.  38.  3.N. 

Cajlello  a  Mare  di  Stabia,  a  feaport  town 
of  Naples,  in  the  province  of  Principato 
Citra,  built  near  the  ruins  of  Pompeia  and 
Stabia,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  fuffragan  of  Sor- 
rento. It  contains  6  parifh  churches  and 
ten  convents.  The  harbour  is  fmall,  and 
fit  only  for  velkls  of  light  burden.  In 
1674,  the  French  under  the  Duke  of  Guife 
took  it  by  ftorm,  but  evacuated  it  foon  after, 
4  miles  NE.  Sorrento.  Long.  14.  17.E. 
Lat.  40.40.  N. 

Cajlello  a  Mars  della  Brticca,  a  town  of 
Naples,  in  Principato  Citra,  the  fee  of  a 
bilhop.  18  miles  W.Poiicailro.  Lorig.is- 
6.  E.  Lat.  40.  IT.  N. 

Cajlello  Marinha,  atown  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Enire  Duero  e  Minho.  5 
miles  NW.  Barcclos. 

Cajlello  Blevale,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Spoletto.     13  miles  N.  Spoletto. 

Cajlello  della  Minerva,  a  town  of  Nn- 
ples,  in  Principato  Citra.  16  miles  SW, 
Amalfi. 

Cajlello  Monardo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Abruzzo  Ultra.     14  miles  SW.  Aquila. 

Cajlello  Mende,  a   town  of  Portugal,   in 
the  province  of  Bcira.  7  m.  ENE.  Almcyda. 
Cajlello  Nogarola,  a  town  of  Italy.     13 
miles  SSW.  Verona. 

Cajlello  Novato,  a  town  of  Italy.  20 
miles  V/  Milan. 

Cajlello  de  Nnhrega,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  the  piovince  of  Entre  Duero  e  Minho. 
6  miles  N.  Braga. 

Cajlello  Nno-co,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli. 
18  miles  NW.  Udina. 
Caf.cllo  Nhovo,  a  town  of  Italy,  where 


CAS 

I  the  French  feized  fome  Auftrian  magazines 
in  June  1796-     2Z  miles  SE.  Brefcia. 

Cajlello  Nuovo,  a  town  of  Albania,  in  the 
gulfof  Cattaro,  built  in  the  14th  century  by 
Tuardko  king  of  Bofnia.  It  was  taken  by 
Andrew  Doria  in  1538,  and  the  year  fol- 
lowing by  the  Turks.  In  1687,  it  was  taken 
'  by  the  Venetians.     10  miles  NW.  Cattaro. 

Cajlello  Niiovo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Panaro.  5  miles  SSE. 
Modena. 

Cajldlo  Niiovoi  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Po,  on  that  river, 
ao  miles  NW.  Ferrara. 

Cajlello  Nuovo,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Dora.     7  m.  W.  Ivrea. 

Cajldlo  NiiovOy  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Croflolo.  9,  miles  NNW. 
R'.ggio. 

Cajldlo  Nuovo  de  Carfagnanot  fee  Car- 
fagnano. 

Cajlello  Nuovo  di  Terzi,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  the  dutchy  of  Piacenza.     5  m.  S.  Bufli^to. 

Cajlello  de  0/iigo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Trevifan.     iz  miles  NW.  Trevigio. 

Cajlello  della  Orfo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Principato  Citra.     6  miles  SS  W.  Salerno. 

Cajlello  Pellegrino.)  or  Cajlle  Pilgrim.,  a 
fortrefs  of  Palefline,  near  the  fea  coaft,  built 
by  Raymond  count  of  Touloufe,  who  was 
buried  tliere,  in  the  time  of  the  ^rufades. 
The  Templars,  who  afterwards  became  pof- 
feffors  of  it,  found  here  a  conliderable  trea- 
liire,  which  they  employed  in  ereding  for- 
tiiications  around  it,  fo  that  it  was  in  a  con- 
dition to  make  a  vigorous  rehlfance.  It  is 
imagined  that  this  caftle  acquired  its  name 
from  the  pilgrims  who  lodged  here,  when 
going  to  vifit  the  holy  places  of  Palefline 
and  Galilee ;  but  this  idea  muff  vanifli,  when 
we  coniiderits  lituation,  which  was  not  fa- 
vourable to  a  communication  between  the 
two  provinces.  Others  fay  it  was  thus  called 
becaufe  it  was  fupported  and  repaired  at  the 
expence  of  European  travellers.  In  the 
lime  of  William  of  Tyre,  it  was  called 
Pierre  Ancife.  The  ruins  of  the  fortrefs 
prefent  nothing  curious.  Many  of  the  houfes 
would  be  ftill  habitable,  v/ere  they  repaired  ; 
but  they  are  all  left  to  the  injuries  of  the  air, 
and  fb  much  deferted  that  no  favage  animal 
is  feen  near  them.  The  Arabs  fometimcs 
condudl:  their  flocks  thither  when  they  re- 
turn from  the  neighbouring  paflures.  Under 
the  cafhle  are  found  feveralfubterraneanpaf- 
fages,  which  end  at  the  lea.  This  place  is 
comprehended  in  tl:e  diftrid  of  the  Pacha  of 
Damafcus,  as  v/cll  as  the  adjacent  plains, 
which  are  fruitful  in  barley  and  wheat.  The 
Arabians  call  it  Attik.  There  is  a  harbour, 
but  only  fit  for  fmall  vcfl'els,  and  even  thele 
cannot  enter  with  fafety  v/hen  the  ibuth 
windblows.  10  miles  WSW.  Caipha.  Long. 
35.  3.E.  Lat.  xz.  I'i.^.. 


CAS 

Cajldlo  Pig7ianot  a  town  of  Naples,  in  tJie 
county  of  Molife.     3  miles  ESE.Molile. 

Cajlello  de  la  PLvia,  a  town  of  Spain,  '\r\ 
the  province  of  Valencia,  near  the  fea-coaft. 
aa  miles  E.  Segorba. 

Cajldlo  di  Ponte,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Belkinefe.     4  miles  N.  Belluno. 

Cajlello  di  !^iif!za?iOy  a  town  of  Italy.  !_; 
miles  SSW.  Brefcia. 

Cajlello  di  Porpcta,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Friuli.     10  miles  S.  Udina. 

Cajldlo  de  Real,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Entre  Duero  e  Minho.  18 
miles  NNE.  Braga. 

Cajlello  RoJJo,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, near  the  coafl  of  Natolia.  This 
was  no  doubt  one  of  the  Chelidonian  iflands, 
which  Strabo  mentions  as  oppofite  to  the 
facred  promontory  where  mountTaurus  was 
fuppofed  to  begin ;  and  it  may  be,  that  ifland, 
which  Dr.  Pocock  fays  had  a  road  for  fhips; 
and  probably  it  is  the  ifland  Rhoge  of  Pliny; 
and  the  prefent  name  Dr.  P.  thinks  may  be 
a  corruption  from  it ;  he  could  fee  no  reafun 
for  their  calling  it  the  red  ifland.  It  is  high 
and  rocky,  and  about  two  miles  in  length. 
There  is  a  town  and  caftle  on  the  highell 
part  of  it,  on  the  fite  of  the  ancient  Ciftene, 
and  the  fouth  fide  of  this  ifland  feemed  to  be 
covered  with  vineyards.  There  is  a  fccure 
harbour  to  the  north;  and  they  told  Dr 
Pocock,  that  it  was  not  above  half  a  miie 
from  the  continent,  and  that  they  have  plenty 
of  good  water :  it  is  inhabited  by  Greeks, 
and  is  a  great  refort  for  the  Maltcfe,  as  there  . 
is  no  ftrong  place  to  oppofe  them.  Long. 
29.  22.  E.  Lat.  36.  8.  N. 

Cajlello  della  Ripa,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Spoleto.     8  miles  SW-  Todi. 

Cajlello  St.  Giovani,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  dutchy  of  Piacenza,  taken  by  the  French 
in  May  1796.     10  miles  W.  Piacenza._ 

Cajlello  SL  Georgia,  A  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Reno.     lom.N.Bplogna. 

Cajlello  St.  Marco,  a  town  of  Italy.  2  a 
miles  NNE.  Bergamo. 

Cajlello  St.  Pietro,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Reno.  13  m.  SE.  Bologna, 
5  NW.  Imola. 

Cajlello  di  Sangro,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Abruzzo  Citra.     15  miles  SE.  Solmona. 

Cajlello  de  Seixas,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Algarva.     22  miles  N.  Sagres. 

Cajlello  Seprio,  a  town  of  Italy.  10.  miles 
SW.  Como. 

Cajlello  de  Sorctico,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Entre  Duero  e  Minho.  6 
miles  NE.  Amarantc. 

Cajlello  di  Trezzo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Adda,  on  that  river.  17 
miles  NE.  Milan. 

Cajlello  Veil,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia,    o  miles  Tcrramofi. 

Cajlello  Fcnzago^  »  town  of  Italy,  in  the 


CAS 


CAS 


department  of  the  Mela.      15   miles   SSE. 
Breffia. 

Cajh'llo  Vetere,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Ca- 
labria Ultra,  which  contains  one  collegiate 
and  nine  parifli  churches,  and  four  convents. 
Its  ancient  name  was  Caulonia.  la  miles 
N.Gierace.  Long.  16.42.  E.  Lat.  ■},?,.  15.  N. 
Cajielld  Vetro,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
department  of  the  Panaro.  9  miles  SSW. 
Modena. 

Cajlello  do  Vide,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Alentejo,  containing  about 
5700  inhabitants.  In  the  year  1704,  this 
town  was  taken  by  the  French,  under  the 
Duke  of  Anjou,  and  650  Englifli  troops, 
fent  to  hipport  the  Archduke  Charles,  were 
made  priloners.  9  miles  ENE.  Porlategre. 
Long.  7.  9.W.  Lat.  39.  16.  N. 

Cajiello  de  Volttirno,  a  town  of  Naples, 
in  Lavora,  near  the  fea,  once  the  fee  of  a 
bifliop.     II  miles  WSW.  Capua. 

Ccrftello  or  Caflellon  d^ Ampurias.,  a  feaport 
of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  fituatedonan  iiland, 
at  the  mouth  of  a  river  which  runs  into  the 
gulf  of  Rofas.  In  i69,-!,  it  was  taken  by  the 
F'-ench.  5  miles  WSW.  Rofas,  18  NE.  , 
Gerona.     Long.  2.  s 5- ^-  Lat.  42.15.  ISi. 

Cajlellnccio,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Capita- 
nata.    6  miles  W.  Troja. 

CaJIelluccio,  a  town  ot  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mincio.     9  miles  W.  Mantua. 

Cdjlelluzza,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Piinci- 
pato  Citra.     12  miles  E.  Salerno. 

Cajlelluzza  di  Schiavi,  a  town  of  Naples, 
in  Capitanata.     8  niiles  E.  Troja. 

Cajhlnau  de  Barbarens,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Gcrs.  8  miles  SE. 
Auch. 

Cajlelnau  de  Gratte,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  18 
.   miles  N.  Agen. 

Cajlelnau  deBonnafoiix,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Tarn.  3  miles 
W.  Alby. 

Cailchurufur  Gup/e,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Lot  and  Garonne. 
4  miles-  NNW.  Marmande. 

Cajlelnau.  de  Magnoac,  a  town  of  France, 
and  leat  of  a  tribunal,  in  the  department  of 
the  Higher  Pyrenees.  20  miles  E.  Tarbe, 
15  NNE.  St.  Gaudcns. 

'  Cajlelnau  de  Medoc,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  dep.iiimcnt  ot  the  Giionde.  14  miles 
NNW.  Bourdeaux. 

Cajlelnau  de  Alontjnirol,  n  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Tarn.  6  miles 
NW.  C^aillac. 

Cajlelnau  de  illonfralief,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Lot.  15  miles  N. 
Mcnt;;uban,  4  S.  Cahors. 

Ctjlelnau  de  R:viere-ha[fe,     a    town    of 
Fr?incc,  in  thedepanment  of  the  Upper  Py- 
renees.   21  miles  NNE.  Pan. 
■  Cajlelnau  de  Slrcttejondya  town  of  France, 


in  the  department  of  the  Upper  Garonne. 
12  miles  N,  Touloufe. 

Cajlelnaudry,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Aude;  before  the  revolution, 
the  capital  of  Lauragais,  fituated  on  an  emi- 
nence, near  the  grand  refervoir,  which  fup- 
plies  the  canal  of  Languedoc.  It  contpins 
about  5000  inhabitants.  In  1631,  during 
the  civil  wars  of  France,  the  Duke  of  Or- 
leans was  defeated  by  the  Duke  de  Mont- 
morency near  this  town.  12  polls  W. 
Narbonne,  92  S.  Paris.  Long.  a.  2.  E. 
Lat.  43. 19.  N.  ■ 

Cajlelrene,  a.  town  of  France,  in  the  dcr- 
partment  of  the  Aude.     4  m.  SW.  Limoux. 
Cafrer,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Roer,  on  the  ErfFt.     8  miles 
ENE.  Juliers. 

Cajler,  fee  Caf.tor. 

Cajlera  LeSiourois,  a  town  of  France,  in  i 
the  department  of  the  Gers.  10  miles  E.  .  1 
Condom,  3  N.  Ledloure. 

Cajlets,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  tlie  Landes,  in  the  diftridt  of  Dax.  J 
7  miles  N.  Dax.  ^^ 

Cajliabe,  a  town  of  Egypt.  7  miles  SSW. 
Fayoum. 

Cajligliola,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Tanaro.    5  miles  SSW.  Afli. 

CaJIiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Adda,  on  the  Muzzo,  near  its 
union  with  the  Adda.     lom.  SE.Lodi. 

Cafliglione,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in 
thePerugiano,on  the  lake.  12m. W.Perugia. 
Cajliglio?:e,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in 
theCampagna  di  Roma.  .12  m.  E.  Rome. 

Cajliglioncy  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria  i 
Citra.     5  miles  SW.  Martorano.  ' 

CajligUone,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Lucca.     18  miles  N.  Lucca. 

CajiigUone,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Lucca.     8  miles  SW.  Lucca. 

CaJllgUoneyTi  town  of  Etruria,  fituated  on 
a  lake  near  the  fea :  this  lake,  which  is  6 
miles  in  diameter,  and  communicates  with 
the  fea,  produces  gieat  quantities  of  fait. 
The  refervoirs  contain  4,859,000  cubic  feet 
of  water,  which,  after  evaporation,  leaves 
11,000,000  pounds  of  fait.  12  miles  S. 
Mafia.     Long.  10.  48.  E.  Lat.  42.  52.  N. 

CaJIiglione,  a  town  of  Genoa.  20  miles 
E.  Genoa. 

CaJIiglione,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Princi- 
pato  Citra.     5  miles  NE.  Salerno 

CaJIiglione,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Citra.     6miles  ESE.CivitaBorella. 

CaJIiglione,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     17  miles  SSW.  Cofcnza. 

CaJIiglione,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley 
of  Dcmona.     9  miles  WNW.  Taormina. 

CaJIiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mincio.     9  miles  W.  Mantua. 

Cafliglione  Aretijw,  A  town  of  Etruria. 
7  miles  S.  Arezzo.  ■       . 


CAS 

CaftigUone  de  Gatti,  a  town  of  Italy.  20 
miles  S.  Bologna. 

Cajlislione  Montovatie,  a  to\yn  of  Italy, 
in  the  department  of  the  Mincio.  7  miles 
N.  Mantua. 

Cajligltorw  delta  Stivera,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  the  department  of  the  Mincio,  defended 
by  fome  fortifications  and  a  citadel ;  it  con- 
tains about  .^000  fouls.  This  place  was  taken 
by  the  allies  in  the  year  1701  ;  and  in  1706, 
the  Imperialills  were  defeated  here  by  the 
French.  In  the  beginning  of  Auguft  1796, 
a  battle  was  fought  near  this  town,  between 
the  Auftrians  and  French,  in  which  the  latter 
took  6000  prifoners.  20  m.  N\V.  Mantua, 
ijSE.Brefcia.  Lo?!g.\o.},2.Y-..  /.^/.45-23-N. 

CcifiigluinU  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince ot'Principato  Ultra.  9  m.  ENE.  Conza. 

CnJIit  Blanco,  a   town   of  Spain,   in  the 
province  of  Andalufia.     15  m.  N.  Seville. 
I  Cajiillo  de  Saixho  Abarga,  a  town  of  Spain, 

in  Navarre.     15  miles  Tudella. 

Cajlile.  Under  this  name  are  compre- 
hended New  Caftile  and  Old  Caftile,  pro- 
vinces of  Spain,  and  the  kingdom  of  Caltile. 
The  name  of  Caftile  was  unknown  till  after 
the  irruptions  of  the  Moors  into  Spain,  and 
is  laid  to  have  been  derived  from  fome  callles 
or  fortrefles  built  to  rtop  the  ravages  of  the 
infidels.  From  being  a  government  fuhjed 
to  Leon,  it  becanie  an  independent  king- 
dom in  the  10th  century.  In  the  year  1037, 
the  two  kingdoms  were  united  in  the  per- 
fon  of  Ferdinand  I.  of  Leon,  and  II.  oi  Caf- 
tile; and  in  1478,  Aragon  was  united;  after 
■which  time  the  kingdom  of  Caltile  was  loll 
in  that  of  Spain, 

CaJltle^iNeiv,)  a  province  of  Spain,  bound- 
ed on  the  north  by  Old  Caftile,  on  the  eaft 
by  Aragon  and  "Valencia,  on  the  fouth  by 
Murcia,  Jaen,  and  Cordova,  and  on  the  wcil 
by  Eftiamadura  and  Leon  ;  about  160  miles 
in  length,  and  130  in  breadth.  The  foil  is 
generally  fertile,  and  the  air  good.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Tagus,  Guadi- 
ana,  and  Xucar,  belides  many  others  of  lels 
note.  It  was  called  alio  the  kingdom  of 
Toledo,  from  the  city  of  that  name,  formerly 
the  capital ;  of  late  years,  that  honour  has 
been  transferred  to  Madrid. 

Cajlile,  {Old,)  a  province  of  Spain,  bound- 
ed on  the  north  bv  Afturia,  Bifcay,  and  Na- 
varre, on  the  ealV  by  Aragon,  on  the  fouth 
by  New  Caftile,  and  on  the  weft  by  Leon  ; 
about  180  miles  in  length;  the  breadth  is 
very  unequal,  the  greateft  about  120.  The 
■wine  is  much  extolled,  and  numerous  h.rds 
of  cattle  are  fed  on  the  plains,  as  likewile 
fheep,  the  wool  of  which  is  of  great  value 
and  finenefs.  The  principal  rivers  are  the 
ibro,  Duero,  Pifuerga,  Arlan^on,  and  Ar- 
langa.  The  principal  towns  are  Avihi, 
Burgos,  Calahorra,  Segovia,  Siguenga,  and 
■Valladolid. 


CAS 

CaJlUlon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironne,  on  the  Dordogne.  In 
1161,  it  was  taken  by  Henry  II.  king  of 
England.  In  1452,  it  was  beiieged  by  the 
French;  and  on  an  attempt  made  to  relieve 
the  belieced,  a  battle  was  fought,  in  which 
the  Englifti  were  defeated,  and  their  com-  ■ 
mander,  the  brave  Talbot  earl  of  Shrewf- 
bury,  with  Lord  Lifle,  and  1200  followers. 
Lord  Molins,  and  above  200  officers  and 
foldier?,  were  made  prifoners.  38  miles 
SW.  Perigueux,  24  E.  Btnirdeaux. 

Caftillon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart-  - 
ment  of  theArriege.  7  miles  S W.St. Girons, 
aj  W.  Taraicon. 

Cojlillonnes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  5  n)iles 
E.  Lauzun. 

Cajlion,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  7  m. 
W.  Palma  Nuova. 

Cajllone,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Adda  and  Oglio.  18  miles  NE. 
Bergamo. 

Cajlione,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Adda.     9  miles  SE.  Lodi. 

Cajlione,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  eaft  fide 
of  the  Olona.     10  miles  SW.  Como. 

Cajlle-Acre,  a  town  of  England,  in  Nor- 
folk, with  8j2  inhabitants.  Here  are  the 
remains  of  a  caftle,  anciently  the  feat  of  the 
Earls  Warren.     5  miles  NNW.  SvvafFham. 

Cajlle  Bay,  or  Kijiwul  Bay,  a  bay  at  the 
fouth  end  of  the  ifland  of  Barray. 

Cajlle  Carey,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Somerfet,  containmg  1281  inhabi- 
tants,  with  a  weekly  market  on  Tuefdays. 
12  miles  SSE.  Wells,  117  W.  London. 

Cajlle  Dunvfon,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Derry. 

Ciijlle  Douglas,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Kirku(ibright,  on  the  Cree ;  for--, 
mcrly  called  Caftle  Stuart.  9  m.  N.Wigton. 

Cajlle  Dermot,  a  town  of  Iceland,  in  the 
county  of  Kiklare.  This  was  formerly  a , 
walled  town,  with  four  gates,  and  relidence 
of  the  Iriih  kings  who  bore  the  name  of 
Dermot.  In  the  year  13 16,  it  was  facked 
and  plundered  by  Bruce.  In  1377,  a  par- 
liament was  held  here.  Part  of  the  wall  is 
rem.aining,  and  tlie  palace  was  fome  yt  ars 
fince  converted  to  an  inn.    7  m.  SE.  Athy. 

Cajlle  Durro'-M,  a  town  of  Ireland,  belong- 
ing to  the  county  of  Kilkenny,  but.  infulated 
with  about  2  or  3000  acres  of  land  m  Queen's 
county.     14  miles  NNW.  Kilkenny. 

Cajlle  Pilgrim,  fee  Cajklb  Pelhgrino. 

Cajlle  Poinl,  a  cape  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  norihein  ill.ind  of  New  Zealand.  Long, 
183.  15.  W.  7.rJ^4l.S. 

Calile  Rijiiig,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Noitoik,  laid  to  have  been  awell- 
frec[uentc:d  leiport;  at  prefent  the  harbour 
is  cho.ikcd  up  with  land,  and  \\\Q.  town, 
though  a  corpjration  «,nd  borough,  Iciiwu;^ 


CAS 

two  members  to  parliament,  is  much  gone 

to  decay,  with  only  254  inhabitants.  ^  The 

.remains  of  a  caftle  ftand  on  the  ibuth  fide  ot 

thetown.   ^  m. N E. Lynn,  1 03 NW. London. 

CaJIle  Rnjhing,  fee  Cafikto'wn. 

CajHebar,  a  town  of  Ireland,  the  fliire 

town,  and  moft  coniiderable  in  the  county  of 

Mayo.    It  is  populous,  and  carries  on  acon- 

fiderable  linen  trade.  Before  the  union  it  fent 

two  members  to  parliament.      In  1798,  the 

the  Britifh  were  defeated  by  the  French  under 

Humbert.    39  miles  SW.  Sligo,  35  N.  Gal- 

•way.     Long.  9.  8.  W.  Lat.si-  50-  N. 

Cajllece)7iier,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Kilkenny,  fituated  near  extenlive 
coal  mines ;  which  not  only  fupply  the 
neighbourhood,  but  are  fent  to  a  great  dif- 
tance  on  account  of  their  excellence.  In 
1798,.  it  was  taken  by  the  inllirgents.  10 
miles  N.  Kilkenny. 

Cafikford,  a  townfliip  of  England,  in  the 
Weft  Riding  of  Yorkibire,  near  the  union  of 
the  Aire  and  the  Calder,  with  793  inhabi- 
tants.    3  miles  N.  Pontefract. 

(7c{/?/(?/wi.'tv;,  a  fmall  town  of  Ireland,  with 
a  caftle,  lituated  in  a  bay  to  which  it  gives 
name,  on  the  fouth  coall  of  the  county  of 
Cork,  where  was  a  fea-fight  between  the 
Englifli  and  Spaniards  in  1602.  The 
weftern  extremity  of  the  liarbour  is  called 
Galleon  Point,  from  the  circumftance  of 
fome  galleons  having  been  deftroyed  by 
Admiral Levefon.  19  m.  SW.  Bandonbridge. 
Cafikhill,  a  town  of  Virginia.  14  miies 
NE.  Charlottefville. 

CajUeho7is,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of"  Cork.    16  miles  NNE.  Cork. 

Cafilemartyr,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Coik.     20  miles  E.  Cork. 

Cajllepollard,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Weib-Meath.  10  miles  N. 
Mullingar. 

Cajudo?!,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  Vermont. 
42  miles  N.Bennington. 

Cajlleton,  a  townlhip  of  England,  in  Der- 
bvfliire,  fituated  in  the  Peak,  with  843  inlia- 
bitants,  half  of  whom  are  employed  in 
manufactures. 

CiijUi'toT?,  a  townfliip  of  England,  in  I,an- 
calliire.  In  1801,  tbe  number  of  inhabitants 
was  5460,  of  whom  1325  were  employed  in 
trade  and  manufa(?>ures.  2  m.  S.  Rochdale. 
CqlHc'oivn,  or  Cajilc  Rujhin,  a  town  of 
the  lile  of  Man,  near  the  ibuth  coaft ;  the 
refidence  of  the  governor  and  moit  of  the 
officers.  Here  the  chancery  court  is  kept 
every  firfl  Thurfday  of  the  montli;  and  the 
liead  court,  or  gaol  delivery,  twice  a  year. 
Its  beautiful  caflle,  built  offreellone,ftil|  en- 
tire, and  iaid  to  bear  a  great  refemblance  to 
that  of  Elfineur,  is  afcribed  to  Guttred  king 
of  M,m  about  the  year  960,  who  is  buriecl 
within  it.  At  the  entrance  is  a  great  lione 
chair  for  the  governor,  and  two  iels  for  the 


CAS 

deemfters.  Here  they  try  all  caufes  except 
ecclefiaftical.  Beyond  the  firfl  little  court 
is  a  room  where  the  keys  fit.  A  fmall  tower, 
formerly  a  ftate  prifon,  now  a  cellar,  moated 
round  with  a  drain,  adjoins  to  the  caftle. 
On  the  other  fide  is  the  governor's  houfe, 
the  chancery  offices,  and  good  barracks. 
Long.  4.  40.  W.  Laf.  54.  4.  N. 

Cajileto'wn.,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Rox- 
burgftiire,  on  the  Liddal.  18  miles  SSW. 
Jedburgh. 

Caftoti,  or  Canvjlon,  a  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  with  a  weekly 
market  on  Wednefdays.  11  miles  NW. 
Norwich,  113  NNE.  London. 

Cafloria,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in , 
Macedonia,  fituated  on  a  lake.     This  town 
was  taken  by  the  Normans,  under  Robert  • 
Guifcard,  v/hen  30c  Engliflimen  were  found 
in  the  fervice  of  the  Greek  emperor.    30  ra. 
W.  Edeflk. 

CajJoria,   a  river  of  European  Turkey,  _ 
which  empties  itfelf  into  a  lake  to  which  it 
gives  name,  in  Macedonia,  and  afterwards  ' 
the  name  is  changed  to  Vifiritza. 

Cajlravan  Mountains  t  confiderable  moun- 
tains of  Syria,  wliich  branch  off  from  mount 
Lebanon  towards  the  fea,  chiefly  inhabited 
by  Drufes.     20  miles  S.  Tripoli. 

Cajirecic  d'Alva,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Tra  los  Monies,  on  the 
Duero,     12  miles  SE.  Efpadacinta. 

CaJIres,  a  city  of  France,  and  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Tarn,  fituated  on  the 
Agout;  before  the  revolution,  the  fee  of  a 
biibop,  fuffragan  of  Alby.  In  the  reign  of 
Louis  XIII.  the  inhabitants  were  chiefly  Pro- 
teft:antE,  and  formed  a  kind  of  republic;  but 
fince  that  time  the  walls  have  been  deftroyed, 
and  the  town  laid  open.  It  is  a  place  of 
good  trade,  and  contains  about  100,000  in- 
habitants. Turquoife  Ifones  have  been  found 
in  the  neighbourhood.  34  miles  E.  Tou- 
loufe,  ao  S.  Alby.  Long.  2.  19.  E.  Lat. 
43.  36.  N. 

Cajlres,  a  town  of  Fiance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde.  10  m.  SE.Bourdeaux. 

Cajlrezzato,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mela.    11  m.  W.  Brefcia. 

Cajh-i,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Livadia,  built  on  the  fite  of  the  ancient  Del- 
phos;  but  little  remains  of  its  former  fplen» 
dour.  It  contains  about  200  houfes,  and 
the  inhabitants  are  mil'ei'ably  poor.  14  miles 
NW.  Livadia. 

Ccjjlri,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  on 
the  louth-eaft  coaft  of  tiie  Morca.  12  miles 
E.  Cape  Skiilo,  48  SE.  Argo. 

Cajlrics,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Herauit.    6  m.  NE.  Muntpellier. 

Cajlries,  (Bay  of, J  a  bay  on  the  call 
coafl  of  Chinefe  Tartary,  fituated  at  the  bot- 
tom of  a  gulf  in  the  ftrait  of  Saghalien.  The 
time  of  high  water,  at  ths  full  and  new- 


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inoon,  was  calculated  to  be  at  ten  o'clock; 
its  greateft  rife,  at  the  fame  period,  five  feet 
eight  inches;  and  the  current  ran  at  leaft  at 
the  rate  of  half  a  knot.  Of  all  the  bays 
vifited  on  the  coaft  of  Tartary,  that  of 
Caftries  was  the  only  one  which  deferved 
the  denomination.  It  enfures  a  fhelter  to 
fhips  againll  bad  weather,  and  it  would  be 
very  poffible  to  pafs  the  winter  in  it.  The 
bottom  of  it  is  mud,  and  flioals  gradually 
from  twelve  fathoms  to  five  in  approaching 
the  coaft,  which  is  furrounded  bv  a  flat, 
three  cables  length  from  the  fliore;  fo  that 
when  the  tide  is  low,  it  is  very  difficult  to 
land  there  even  in  a  boat;  there  are  bcfides 
vaft  beds  of  fea-weed,  among  which  there  is 
only  two  or  three  feet  of  water,  which  op- 
pofe  an  invincible  refiftance  to  the  eifoits  of 
the  boat's  crew.  There  is  not,  fays  Monf. 
La  Peroufe,  in  any  part  of  the  world  a  tribe 
of  better  men  to  be  found.  The  chief,  or 
old  man,  came  to  receive  us  on  the  beach, 
accompanied  by  fome  others  of  the  inhabi- 
tants. In  faluting  us,  he  proftratcd  himfelf 
to  the  earth,  after  the  manner  of  the  Chinefe, 
and  afterwards  conducted  us  to  his  cabin, 
where  were  his  wife,  his  daughters-in-law, 
his  children,  and  grand-children.  He  caufed 
a  neat  mat  to  be  fpread,  upon  which  he 
invited  us  to  fit  down,  and  a  fmall  grain,  with 
■which  we  were  unacquainted  was  put  with 
fome  falmon  into  a  copper  upon  the  fiic,  in 
order  to  be- offered  to  us.  This  grain  is  the 
food  which  they  efleem  the  moft  delicious ; 
and  they  gave  U5  to  underfland  that  it  came 
from  the Manchou  country ;  they  exclufively 
appropriate  this  name  to  the  people  who 
]ive  feven  or  eight  days'  journey  off,  at  the 
head  of  the  river  Saghalien,  and  who  Imme- 
diately communicate  with  the  Chinefe. 
They  by  figns  made  us  underfland  that  they 
were  themfelves  of  the  nation  of  the  Orot- 
chys.  Their  village  was  compofed  of  four 
cabins,  built  in  a  folid  manner,  with  the 
trunks  of  fir  trees  at  their  full  length,  neatly 
cut  at  the  angles  ;  a  frame  of  tolerable  work- 
manfliip  fupported  the  roof,  formed  of  the 
bark  of  trees ;  a  wooden  bench  encompaf- 
fed  the  apartment  round  about;  and  the 
hearth  was  in  the  fiime  way  placed  in  the 
middle,  under  an  opening  large  enough  to 
give  vent  to  the  fmoke.  We  had  reafon  to 
think  that  thefe  four  houfes  belonged  to  four 
different  families,  who  live  together  In  the 
greateft  harmony,  and  moft  perfeft  confi- 
dence. One  of  thefe  families  we  faw  take 
its  departure  on  a  voyage  of  fome  length, 
for  it  did  not  return  during  the  five  days 
that  we  pafTed  in  the  bay:  the  proprietors 
put  fome  planks  before  the  doors  of  their 
houfes  to  prevent  the  dogs  from  entering 
them,  and  in  this  ftate  left  it  full  of  their 
effefts.  We  were  foon  fo  perfedfly  v/ell 
cpnyinced  of  the  inviolable  fidelity  of  thefe 


people,  and  their  almoft  religious  refpe<^ 
for  property,  that  we  left  our  facks  full  of 
fluffs,  beads.  Iron  tools,  and  in  general  every 
thing  we  ufed  as  articles  of  barter,  in  the 
middle  of  their  cabins,  and  under  no  other 
feal  of  fecurity  than  their  own  probity, 
without  a  Tingle  Inffance  of  their  abufing  our 
extreme  confidence  ;  and  on  our  departure 
from  this  bay  we  firmly  entertained  the  opi- 
nion that  they  did  not  even  fufpefl:  the  ex- 
iflence  of  fuch  a  crime  as  theft.  Every 
cabin  was  furrounded  with  a  drying  place 
for  falmon,  which  remain  upon  poles  expofed 
to  the  heat  of  the  fun,  after  having  been 
during  three  or  four  days  fmoked  round 
the  fire,  which  is  in  the  middle  of  their 
cabins ;  the  women  who  are  charged  with 
this  operation  take  care  as  foon  as  the  fmoke 
has  penetrated  them,  to  carry  them  into  the 
open  air,  where  they  acquire  the  hardnefs  of 
wood .  It  was  at  the  bay  of  Caftries  that  we 
learned  the  ufe  of  lead  or  bone,  which  thefe 
people,  as  well  as  thofe  of  Langle's  bay, 
wear  like  a  ring  on  the  thumb ;  it  ferves  them 
as  a  guard  in  cutting  and  ffripplng  the  fal- 
mon, with  a  fliarp-edged  knife,  which  they 
all  carry  hung  to  their  girdle.  It  would 
feem  as  If  thefe  people,  as  well  as  thofe  of 
Saghalien  ifland,  acknowledged  no  chief, 
and  had  no  regular  form  of  government. 
The  mildnefs  of  their  manners,  their  refpeft 
for  old  age,  might  with  them  take  away  ali 
inconveniences  of  anarchy.  We  were  never 
wltnefTes  of  the  flighteft  quarrel.  Their 
reciprocal  affeiffions,  their  tendernefs  for 
their  children,  aflbrded  to  us  a  moft  intereft- 
Ingfpedtacle;  but  our  fenfes  were  difgufted. 
with  the  foetid  fmell  of  the  falmon,  with 
which  not  only  the  houfes,  but  the  parts  ad- 
jacent, were  infefled.  The  bones  of  them 
were  fcattered,  and  the  blood  fpread  round 
the  hearth  ;  greedy  dogs,  though  gende  and 
familiar  enough,  licked  and  devoured  the 
remainder.  The  naftlnefs  and  flench  of 
this  people  arc  difgufting.  There  is  not, 
perhaps,  any  where  a  race  of  people  more 
feebly  conftituted,  or  whofe  features  are 
more  dift'erent  from  thofe  forms  to  which 
we  attach  the  idea  of  beauty ;  their  middle 
ftature  is  below  four  feet  ten  inches ;  their 
bodies  are  lank,  their  voices  thin  and  feeble, 
like  thofe  of  children;  they  have  high  cheek 
bones,  fmall  clear  eyes,  phiced  diagonally, 
a  large  mouth,  flat  nofe,  fhort  chin  almofl 
beardlefs,  and  an  olive-coloured  fldn,  vai- 
nlihed  with  oil  and  fmoke.  It  is  impofilble 
for  us  to  fpeak  of  the  religion  of  thefe  peo- 
ple, not  having  fcen  either  temples  or  priefts, 
but  fome  rudely  carved  figures,  perhaps 
idols,  fufpended  from  the  ceilings  of  their 
cabins :  they  reprefent  children's  arms, 
hands,  legs,  and  very  much  refcnible  the 
ex-voto  of  feveral  coimtry  chapels  in  France. 
The  natives  cultivate  no  plants  ;  they  feem. 


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however  to  be  very  fond  of  vegetable  fub- 
ftancL'S.  The  grain  of  the  Manchous,  which 
is  very  fimilar  to  fmall  fnelled  millett,  is 
one  of  their  dainties.  Thev  carefully  colled: 
the  different  wild  roots,  which  they  dry  for 
their  winter  provifions ;  amongft  others, 
the  bulbous  root  of  the  yellow  lily  or  fa- 
ranne.  Twenty-five  or  thirty  perfons,  fiiys 
Monf.  La  Peroufe,  feem  the  whole  popula- 
ton  of  this  bay,  though  capable  of  main- 
t  tilling  10,000.  Loizg.  142.  I.  E.  Lat. 
51.  29.  N. 

Cafiricum,  a  village  of  Holland.  Oiflober 
4,  1799,  it  was  taken  by  the  Englifli,  and 
100  of  the  republicans  made  prifoners;  the 
day  following,  a  battle  was  fought,  in  which 
500  were  made  prifoners.     5  ni.S.  Alcmaer. 

Callri  ^  -n  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  illand  of  Celebes.  Long.  124.  2,5-  E. 
Lat.  o.  28.  N. 

Cajiro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon.  10 
miles  NE.  Balbaftro. 

CaJIro,  a  town  of  South-Ameiica,  and 
capital  of  theiflandofChiloe.    Liit./^2,./\o.S. 

Cajlro,  anciently  called  MyTilcne,  a  fea- 
port  town  of  the  iiland  of  Metelin,  and  the 
capital,  fituated  on  the  north-eait  coaft,  fa- 
cing the  gulf  of  Adramiti,  with  two  harbours, 
one  of  which  is  capable  of  receiving  large 
vefTels:  there  are  coniiderable  vefliges  re- 
rnaining  of  its  former  grandeur  and  magni- 
ficence. There  are  two  caftles,  one  ancient, 
the  other  modern,  each  furniflied  with  a 
Turkilh  garrifon  and  commander.  There 
are  many  Greeks,  and  fome  Arni«nians;  the 
farmer  have  four  churches  and  a  metropo- 
litan; the  chiet  trade  is  ihip-building.  jo 
miles  S\Y.  Adramiti.    Z://^-.  26.  28.  E.  Lat. 

:•().  IS.  N. 

Ca/ho,  a  dutch y  of  Italy,  in  the  ffate  of 
t  Je  Church,  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
Orvietan,  on  the  eait  by  the  patrimonio,  on 
the  foudi  by  the  fea,  and  on  th.e  we'fl  by  the 
Siennei'e;  25  miles  long,  and  from  8  to  13 
^yide.  Th-  dutchyof  Cailro,with  the  county 
of  Ronciglione,  w  as  conft- rred  hv  Pope  Paul 
Jil.on  his  natural  ion  Peter  Aloylius  Farneie, 
'vJK)  afterwards  became  duke  of  Parma:  it 
was  mortgaged  by  on  of  his  facccffors  to 
the  Monte  di  Pieta  at  Rome;  and  neither 
principal  or  intercft  having  ever  been  paid, 
it  was  again  united  to  the  Papal  dominions. 

CaJ?ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  and  capital  of  a 
datchvin  the  dom.inions  of  the  Pope.  I'his 
town  was  delinked  by  Pope  Innocent  X. 
becaulV  the  inhabitants  muidercda  bilhop 
whom  he  liad  fent.  50  miles  N\V.  Rome. 
l-ong.  II.  ;,5.  E.  Lat.  42.  2)2-  '^^' 

Cnjlro,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Otranto,  the  fee  of  a  bifiiop,  fuflVagan  of 
Oiranto.  This  town  has  been  frc(iuently 
plundered  by  the  Corfairs.  4  miles  SSW. 
Otranto.     Long.  18.  22.  E.  Lat.  40.  lii.  N. 

CcijirOy  iee  Scaro. 


Cajlro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Cordova.     17  miles  SW.  Cordova. 

CaJIro,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Long.Q.i^.W.  Z^/.43.2.N. 

CaJIro  Born,  fee  Cajlel  Bom. 

Cajlro  de  Caldulas,  a  town  of  Spain,  ia 
the  province  of  Galicia.     27  m.NE.Orenfe. 

Cajlro  Dayro,  2.  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province -of  Beira.     1 1;  miles  SSW.  Lamego. 

Cajlro  Geritz,  or  Cajlro  Xeris,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Old  Caflile.     20  miles  W.  Burgos. 

Cajlro  Giovanni,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the 
valley  of  Noto.  This  was  the  ancient  Enna, 
particularly  famous  for  the  worfhip  of  Ceres 
and  Proferpine ;  and  it  was  fuppofed  that 
the  latter  was  carried  away  by  Pluto  from 
a  neighbouring  wood.  In  the  year  of  Rome 
539,  it  was  plundered,  and  many  of  the  in. 
habitants  put  to  the  fword  by  order  of  Pina- 
rius  commander  of  the  Roman  garrifon,  for 
a  confpiracy,  in  which  it  was  intended  to 
deliver  them  up  to  the  Carthaginians.  63 
miles  SW.  Melazzo,  40  W.  Catania.  Long. 
14.  50.  E.  Lat.  37.  30.  N. 

Cajlro  de  Goes,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Beira.     9  miles  NW.  Vileu. 

Cajlro  Mariin,  a  feaport  town  of  Portugal, 
in  the  province  of  Algarva,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Guadiana,  ifrongly  fortified.  12  miles 
ENE.  Tavira.  Long."; .zz.'W . Lat. 2ij.i2.^' 

Cajlro  Mocko,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Leon.     15  miles  W.  Palencia. 

Cajlro  Novo,  or  Cajlel  Novo,  a  town  of         ■; 
Sicily,  in  the  valley  of  Mazzara,  containing         i 
about  4000  inhabitants.     20  m.  SE.  Palermo. 
Long.  13.48.  E.  Lat.  37.  47.  N. 

Cajlro  Nuovo,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  built 
by  a  king  of  Bofnia,  defended  towards  the 
fea  by  inacceifible  rocks,  and  towards  the 
land  by  a  citadel  and  cafl:le. 

Cajlro  Nuovo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Bafi- 
licata.     15  miles  WSW.  Turii. 

Cajlro  Realc,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  val- 
ley of  Demona,  containing  about  8000  inha- 
bitants. 15  m.iles  SW.  Melfina.  Long. 15- 
23.  E.  Lat.  38.  7.  N. 

Cajlro  de  Key,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Galicia.     15  miles  W.  Mondonedo. 

Caflro  del  Rio,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Cordova.     15  m.  SE.  Cordova. 

Cajlro  Trionto,  a  tov/n  of  Naples,  in  Ca- 
labria Citra.     1 1  miles  E.  Roflano. 

Cajlro  Verde,  a  town  of  Spair>,  in  Galicia. 
15  miles  ENE.  Mondonedo. 

C'ljlro  Verde,  a  tovv'n  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Alentejo.  In  1139,  a  battle  was 
fought  near  this  town,  betvveen  theChrilfians 
and  the  Moors,  in  which  the  former  were 
viifforious ;  and  Alphonfo,  who  commanded, 
was  crowned  king  of  Portugal  on  the  field. 
4  niilesNE.  Ourique. 

Cajifo  Vetraro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the 
valley  of  Mazzara.     8  miles  NE;  Mazzara. 

Cajlro  Vicente,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 


CAT 


CAT 


province  of  Tra  los  Monies.     i8  miles  E. 
Mirandela. 

Cajlro  VilLira,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Ca- 
labria Citra.     6  miles  W.  Caflimo. 

Cajlro  Virreyna,  a  jurildidion  of  Peru, 
in  the  bilhopric  of  Guamanga.  The  country 
is  lituated  near  the  Andes,  is  fertile,  and 
feeds  a  great  number  of  Pciuvian  Ihccp, 
whofewool  forms  the  principal  article  of  its 
commerce.  In  the  province  are  feveral 
filver  mines,  and  one  of  gold.  It  i:as  a  town 
of  the  fame  name.     60  miles  W.  Guamanga. 

Ccijlro  de  Urdiales.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Bifcay,  on  the  fea-cnaft,  with  a 
caftle  and  an  arienal.  8  miles  E.  I.aredo,  and 
15  NW.  Bilbao. 

Cajlrop,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Wcftphalia,  and  county  of  Mark,  which 
contains  one  church  for  Roman  Catholics, 
and  two  for  Proteftants  of  ditFerent  per- 
luafions.  27  miles  SSW.  Munller,  7  W. 
Dortmund.  Lor.g.  7.  25.  E.  Lat.  51.  33.  N. 

Cajlropol,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
ofAlturia,  on  the  borders  of  Galicia.  14 
miles  E.  Mondonedo. 

Cajlrofaroft  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Romania.  44  miles  W.Gallipoli,  45  SSW. 
Trajanopoli. 

Cajlrozzato,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
parmient  of  the  Mela.  12  miles  \V.  Brefcia. 

Cajlrup,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  bi- 
fhopric  of  Munfter.  5  m.  SSE.  Cloppenburg-, 

Ccijltia,  or  Khojlut  a  town  of  lilria,  and 
chief  place  of  a  (igniory.  It  is  iituated  on 
a  mountain  near  the  Adriatic,  and  has  a 
caftle,  in  which  the  captain  of  the  iigniory 
relides.  30  miles  SE.  Triefte.  Long.  14. 
19.  E.  Lat.  45.  29.  N. 

Cajzua,  fee  Cajfovia. 

Cat  Ijland,  one  of  the  Bahama  idands; 
about  60  miles  in  length  from  north  to  Ibuth, 
and  12  in  its  mean  breadth.  This  was  tiie 
firft  ifland  difcovered  bv  Columbus,  who 
<!:alled  it  St.  Salvador.  The  natives  called  it 
Guaninina ;  and  by  the  Englilh  it  goes  by 
the  name  of  Cat  ifland.  Long.  75.  W. 
Lat.  24.  30.  N. 

Cat  Rock,  a  rock  near  the  fouth-weft 
coaft  ofireland.    i  mile  SW.  Crow-Head. 

Cat  Jjla?7d,  a  fmall  illand  in  the  gulf  oi 
Mexico,  near  the  coall  of  Florida.  ■  Long. 
88.49.W.  /-^^3o.  8.  N. 

Cat  Lake,  a  lake  of  North-America. 
Long.  91.40.  W.  Lat.  ^2.  30.  N. 

Cat  Falls,  catarat'^s  in  the  river  Utwas, 
in  Canada.     219  miles  VV.  Montreal. 

Cat  Keys,  two  or  three  fmall  iflands 
among  the  Bahamas,  which  afford  a  har- 
bour. Long.  80.  .?o.  E.  Lat.  25. 10.  N. 
'  Cat  Ijland,  an  ifland  in  the  Mergui  Archi- 
pelago, about  3  miles  in  circun)fcrence. 
Lat.  ID.  2r.  N. 

'    Catabajnba,  z]\\r\i6\€^\or\  of  Peru,  in  the 
bilhopric  of  Culco.     It  feeds  a  great  num- 


ber of  cattle,  and  in  it  are   found  mines  of 
lilver  and  gold. 

Cataha?n!>a,  a  town  of  South-America, 
and  chief  place  in  the  jurifdielion  of  the  fame 
name.     90  miles  SW.  Cufco. 

Catahangan,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  I.n- 
con,  in  San  Miguel  bay.  Long.  123.  45. E. 
Lat.  13.  58.N. 

Catahaiu,  a  river  of  South-Carolina,  other- 
wife  called  Watcree,  which  joins  wi'h  the 
Cangarce,  and  forms  the  Santce,  5  miles 
N.  Amelia.  In  1779,  a  detachment  of  the' 
Americans  was  defeated  by  the  Britiih  on 
the  banks  of  this  river;  150  were  killed, 
and  300  made  prifoners. 

Cataba-'jus,  an  Indian  town  of  North-Ame- 
rica, fituated  on  the  boundary betwi;en  North 
and  South  Carolina,  containing  about  41^0 
inhabitants,  of  which  150  are  fighting  men. 
18  miles  S.  Charlotteftsurg.  Lojig  .  80.52." 
W.  Lat.  35.8._N. 

Cj/f^rWi^,  a  river  of  South-America,  which 
runs  into  the  Negro,  about  200  miles  above' 
Fort  Rio  Negro. 

Catachauca,z  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  audience  of  Quito.     25  m.  N  VV.  Loxa.  : 

Catakola,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  joins 
the  Coanza  at  its  mouth. 

Catalina  Harbour,  a  bay  on  the  eaft;  coaft 
of  Newfoundland.  7.0/;^.  5 3 .  45 .  W .  Lat, 
48.  38.N. 

Catalonia,  a  province  of  Spain,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  France,  on  the  eaft  and 
Ibuth-eail  by  the  Mediterranean,  on  the 
fouih-weft  by  the  province  of  Valencia,  and, 
on  the  welt  by  Aragon  :  its  form  is  nearly 
that  of  a  triangle,  the  bafe  towards  the  Me- 
diterranean being  about  160  miles  m  length, 
the  fide  towards  France  120,  and  tliat  to- 
wards Aragon  140.  The  country  is  in 
general  mountainous,  bv.t  intcrfected  with 
fertile  vallies,  while  the  mountains  them- 
felves  are  covered  with  valuable  woods  and 
fruit-trees.  Corn,  wine,  oil,  flax,  hemp, 
legumes,  and  almoll  every  kind  of  fruit,  aie 
abundant;  here  are  quarries  of  marble  of  all 
colours,  of  cryftal,  and  alnbafter;  here  are 
found  topafles,  rubies,  jal'pers,  and  other 
precious  itones;  here  are  mines  of  lead,  tin, 
iron,  alum,  vitriol,  and  fait,  and  formeily  of 
gold  and  lilver.  On  the  coaft  is  a  coral 
rilhery.  Provilions  of  every  kind  arc  excel- 
lent. The  climate  is  mild  in  tlie  plains,  tl  e 
cold  is  fupportable  on  the  mountains,  and 
the  air  pure.  Catalonia  furniflies  annu.'ily 
35, coo  pipes  of  brandy,  which  require 
140,000  of  wine  to  make  them  ;  belides 
which  near  2000  pipes  of  wine  are  alfo  rii- 
nually  exported;  and  about  3o,bc?>-bags  of 
nuts  every  year,  chieffy  for  England,  and 
worth  about  twenty  fliillings  a  bag  on  the 
Ipot.  In  line,  Catalonia  is  one  of  the  belt 
cultivated  and  molt  populous  provinces  of 
Spain»    It  has  uluaily  been  divided  into  1$ 


CAT 


CAT, 


"Rguertes,  or  jurifdidions,  namely,  Tortofa, 
Mont  Blade,  Tarragona,  Villa  Franca  de 
Panades,  Barcelona,  Gerona,  which  includes 
that  of  Ampurdan,  all  of  which  Jie  along 
the  fea-coaft;  Campredon,  Puicerda,  with 
tjie  county  of  Cerdagne,  both  which  lie 
Bear  the  Pyrenean  mountains;  Balaguer, 
Lerida,  Agramont,  Tarrega,  Cervera,  Man- 
jeiit,  and  Viqtie.  The  principal  towns  are 
Barcelona,  Tortofa,  Tarragona,  Gerona,and 
"Villa  Franca  de  Panades.  The  principal 
livers  are  the  Segre,  Llobregat,  Cervera,  and 
Ebro,  which  runs  through  a  fmalJ  part  of  it. 

Catahtdy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  on  the 
coaft  of  Malabar.  1 6  miles  S.  Calicut. 

Catamanca-i  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province- of  Tucuman.  50  miles  ESE. 
St.  Fernando. 

Catatti  or  Puh  Catan,  a  fmjill  ifland  in 
the  Chinefe  fea,  near  the  coaft  of  Cochin- 
china.    Long.  108.  51.  E.  Lat.  15.  li-N. 

Catanavan,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  -ifland  of  Lu^pn.  Lo7ig.  i-aa,  10.  E. 
/,/:/.  15.  51. N. 

Catanbnco,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Popayan.  5  miles  S.  Pafto. 

6'^i'£7;;£/^i?A'i?j,  one  of  the  Philippine  iflands, 
about  34  miles  long  fiom  north  to  louth, 
and  from  15  to  20  broad.  It  abounds  in 
rice,  oil  of  palms,  cocoas,  honey,  and  wax. 
There  are  fevcrai  rivers,  dangerous  to  crofs, 
in  the  channel  of  which  there  is  gold  found, 
brought  down  from  the  mountains  by  floods. 
The  biggeft  of  them  is  called  Catandangan, 
and  by  the  Spaniards  Catanduanes,  whence 
the  iiland  took  its  name.  The  chief  em- 
ploynjent  of  the  natives  is  carrying  wood, 
and  making  very  lightbpats,  which  they  fell 
at  Mindora,"  Caleleya,  B-ilayan,  and  other 
places.  They  firft  make  one  very  large, 
witliuut  any  deck,  and  not  nailed,  but  fewed 
together  with  Indian  canes,  and  then  others 
lefs  and  lefs,  one  within  another,  and  thus 
they  tranfport  them  a  Imndred leagues.  The 
people  are  warlike,  and  paint  themlelves  like 
the  Bifayas.  Ihey  are.  excellent  failors; 
andjleaping  into  the  water,  turn  a  boat  again 
in  2  moment,  that  has  been  overfet.  For 
fear  of  fuch  accidents,  they  carry  their  pro- 
vifions  in  their  hollow  cnncs  dole  Itopped, 
and  tied  to  tho  lidcs  of  the  boats.  Their 
liabit  is  only  a  waiifcoat,  which  reaches 
down  to  their  knees.  The  women  are  of  a 
mafculine  lize,  and  apply  themfclves  as 
much  as  the  men  to  tillage  and  lifliing. 
They  are  modcllly  clad  in  a  coat  or  jerkin, 
after  the  manner  of  the  Bifiyas,  and  a:  long 
mantle.  I'h.cir  hi;jr  is  tied  on  the  crown  of 
the  head,  making  a-  knot  like  a  rofe.  On 
their  -forehead -ihoy  wear  a  plate  of  gold 
two  fingers  biOad,  lin^d  withtatfeta;  in  their 
e^irs  three-  ^oid  pendants,  one  in  the  place 
whepe  the  Eurojjean  women  ufe  it,  the  other 
two  highcri      Un  their  ankles  they  have 


rings,  which  make  a  tinkling  noife  as  they 
move.     Long.  iiJi^.id.'E.    Lat.i^.%.'N. 

Catang,  a  river  of  Cochinchina,  which 
nins  into  the  fea  of  China,  Long.  108.3.  E» 
Lat.  15.  N. 

Catangafa,  a  fmall  ifland  among  the  Phi- 
lippines, north  of  Sibu.  Long.  123.  48.  E» 
Lat.  II.  42.  N. 

Catanhede,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Beira.    13  m.  WNW.  Coimbra, 

Catania,  a  city  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley 
of  Noto,  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fufFragan  of 
Monreal,  lituated  on  a  gulf  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, at  the  foof  of  Mount  Etna.  It  was 
founded  by  the  Chalcidians  foon  after  the  fet- 
tlement  of  Syracufe,  and  enjoyed  great  tran- 
quillity till  Hiero  I.  expelled  the  whole  body 
of  citizens,  and  after  replenifhing  the  town 
with  a  new  flock  of  inhabitants,  gave  it  the 
name  of  Etna:  immediately  after  his  deceafe 
it  regained  its  ancient  name,  and  its  citizens 
returned  to  their  abodes.  Catania  fell  into 
the  hands  of  the  Romans  amorig  their  ear- 
lieft  acquifitions  in  Sicily,  and  became  the 
rejidence  of  a  prietorj  to  make  it  worthy  of 
fuch  an  honour  it  was  adorned  with  fump- 
tuous  buildings  of  all  kinds,  and  every  con- 
veiiiencewas  procured  to  fupply  the  natural 
and  artificial  waots  of  life.  It  was  deftroyed 
by  Pompey's  Ion ;  but  reflored  with  fuperior 
magnificence  by  Augufhis.  The  reign  of 
Deeius  is  famous  in  the  hiftory  of  this  city, 
for  the  martyrdom  of  its  patronefs  St.  Aga* 
tha.  On  every  emergency  her  intercellion  is 
implored :  flie  is  pioufly  beheved  to  have  pre- 
ferved  Catania  from  being  overwhelmed  by 
torrents  of  lava,  or  ihaken  to  pieces  by  earth- 
quakes ;  yet  its  ancient  edifices  are  covered 
by  repeated  ftreams  of  volcanic  matter;  and 
almofi  every  houle,  even  her  own  churchy 
has  been  thrown  to  the  ground.  In  the 
reign  of  William  the  Good,  2o,oeo  Cata- 
nians,  with  their  paftor  at  their  head,  were 
deftroyed  before  the  facred  veil  could  be 
properly  placed  to  check  the  Hames.  In 
the  laft  century  the  eruptions  and  earth- 
quakes  raged  with  redoubled  violence,  and 
Catania  was  twice  demoliihed.  The  Prince 
ofBifcari  has  been  at  infinite  pains,  and 
fpent  a  large  funi  of  money,  in  working 
down  to  the  ancient  town.  Underneath  are 
baths,  fepulchres,  an  amphitheatre,  and  a 
theatre,  all  very  much  injured  by  the  various 
catallrophes  that  have  befallen  tliem.  They 
were  ere(5ted  upon  old  beds  of  lava,  and 
even  built  with  fqnare  pieces  of  the  flime 
fuUbnce,  which  in  no  inflance  appears  to 
have  been  fufed  by  the  contad  of  new  lavas. 
This  city  has  been  frequently  defended  from 
the  burning  ftreams  by  the  folid  mafs  of  its 
own  ramparts,  and  by  the  air  compreifed 
between  them  and  the  lava;  this  appears  by 
the  torrent  having  Itopped  -within  a  fmall 
diftance  of  the  walls,  and  taken  another  di- 


CAT 


CAT 


reft'on.  But  when  the  walls  were  broken, 
or  low,  the  lava  collected  itCelf  till  it  rofc  to 
a  great  height,  and  then  poured  over  in  a 
cun^e.  TJie  Benediiflinc  convent  of  St.  Ni- 
cholas is  very  large;  every  part  has  been  re- 
built Once  the  earthquake  ot'  1693.  Catania 
is  reviving  with  great  fplendour,  and  has 
much  more  the  features  of  a  metropolis  and 
royal  refidence  thin  Palermo;  the  principal 
ftreets  are  wide,  and  well  paved  with  lava. 
An  obeliflc  of  red  granite,  placed  on  the  back 
of  an  antique  elephant  of  touchftone,  ftands 
in  the  centre  of  the  great  fquare,  which  is 
formed  by  the  town-hall,  feminary,  and  ca- 
thedral. The  cathedral,  eredcdby  the  Abbot 
Angerius  in  the  year  1094,  was  endowed  by 
Earl  Roger  witli  the  territories  of  Catania 
and  Etna,  for  the  fniall  acknowledgment  of 
a  glafs  of  wine  and  a  loaf  of  bread  offered 
once  a  year:  it  has  fuffered  fo  much  by 
earthquakes,  that  little  of  the  original  ftruc- 
ture  remains;  and  tlie  modern  parts  have 
hardly  any  thing  except  their  materials  to 
recommend  them.  The  other  religious  edi- 
fices of  the  city  are  profulely  ornamented, 
but  in  a  bad  tnfte.  The  number  of  inhabi- 
tants dwelling  in  Catania  amounts  1030,000; 
the  Catanians  make  it  double.  A  confider- 
able  poitlon  of  this  number  appertains  to  the 
univerfity,  the  only  one  in  the  illand,  and 
the  nurierv  of  all  the  lawyers.  47  miles 
SSW.  Meflina,  85  ESE.  Palermo.  Long. 
15.  6.  E.  Lat.  37.  30.  N. 

Catanzaroy  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra,  the  feat  of  a  governor,  and  a  tribunal 
of  juflice;  the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  lufFragan  of 
Reggio.  It  was  built  in  the  year  963,  by 
order  of  the  Emperor  Niccphorus  phocas, 
-  as  a  poll  of  flrcngth  againfi  the  Saracens. 
Its  (ituation,  on  an  eminence,  in  a  pafs  be- 
tween the  mountains  and  the  lea,  was  well 
adapted  for  repeUing  thofe  who  landed  from 
Africa  or  Sicily.  In  1593,  it  became  the 
capital  of  the  province.  At  prefent  it  con- 
tains ix,ooo  inhabitants.  The  chief  trade 
is  in  corn,  hlk,  and  oil.  9  miles  NE.  Squil- 
lace.     Long.  16.54.  E.  Lat.  38.  59.  N. 

Ci7//35,  a  town  of  Thibet.  ij-milesWSW. 
Yolotou. 

Catara,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  Oude. 
5  miles  E.  Kairabad. 

Catara,  a  town  of  Arabia.     76  miles  SE. 
ElCatif. 

Cataro,  a  feaport  town  of  Dalmatia,  fitu- 
ated  in  a  bay  of  the  Adriatic,  called  the  Gulf 
ofCataro.  The  fee  of  a  bifnop,  fjfJVagan 
of  Bari.  It  is  lurroundcd  with  thick  walls, 
.  and  defended  by  a  caftle.  25  miles  WNW. 
Scutari.     Lojig.  18.  58.  E.     Lnt.  42.  2;.  N. 

.Catar'wga,  a  tov/n  on  the  foulh  coaft  of 
-Borneo,  on  a  river  of  the  fame  name.  Long. 
jir.40.  E.  Lat.  T,  4.  S. 

(7^^rtj  y///^satownof  Bra(il,in  the  govern- 
-nicntofMinasG;^raes.  36  m.  NNE.VtUarica. 


Ca f {fwejj]',  :Ho\vn  of  Pcnnfylvania.  i? 
miles  NE.  Sunbury. 

CatcheeJo,  di  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.  24  miles  W.Nellorc. 

Catchoivly  one  of  the  Nicobar  iflands. 
Long.  93.58.  E.    Lat.  7.  $^.  N. 

Cafch--iva?ia,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Agimerc.  36  miles  WNW. 
Agimere,  20  S.  Nagore. 

Catcour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles  SW. 
Nogong. 

Catcau  Ca7>ihref<s,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  North,  on  the  Seille. 
Before  the  revolution  it  belonged  to  the 
archbifliop  of  Cambray,  and  was  exempt 
from  imports.  In  the  year  1559,  a  treaty  of 
peace  was  made  here  between  Kcnry  11. 
king  of  France,  and  Philip  II.  king  of  Spain, 
On  the  29th  of  March,  1794,  the  French 
were  defeated  nearCateau,  by  the  Prince  of 
Cobourg,  with  the  lofs  of  5000  killed.  15 
miles  SE.  Cambray. 

Catcapally,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Tcllingana.     18  miles  W.  Warangole. 

Catechi7?ien,?L  town  of  Prufria,in  the  pro- 
vince of  Samland.    12  m.  NE.  Konigfberg. 

C.ltelet,  fee  Cajlekt. 

Catfirthvoe,  a  bay  on  the  north-eafl  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Shetland.  10  miles  N.  Ler- 
wick.    Long.  I.  20.  E.  Lat.  60.  24.  N. 

Cath,  a  town  of  Karafm,  on  the  Gihon, 
near  Lake  Aral.     50  miles  Urkcnge. 

Cathay,  a  name  by  which  the  northern 
provinces  of  China  are  fometimes  called. 

Cathcm,  or  Catema.,  or  Kadhema,  or 
Gran,  or  Koueit,  a  feaport  town  of  Arabia, 
in  the  province  of  Lafcha,  fituated  in  a  biy 
of  the  Perlian  gulf,  governed  by  a  fheick. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  employed  in 
fifhing  for  pearls.  Lofig.  48.  10.  E.  Lai. 
27.  40.  N. 

CathenoJi.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mofelle.  4miies.NN£. 
Thionville. 

Cathcrlough,  fee  Carlovj. 

Catherines,  a  town  of  New-York,  fituated 
on  a  river  wliich  runs  into  Lake  Seneea. 
165  miles  NW.  New-York. 

Catholica,  a  town  of  Italty,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rubicon.  It  took  its  name  from 
thecircilmftancc;  of  Ibme  bifhops  retiring  thi- 
ther from  a  council  held  at  Rimini,  v/f.ich  in- 
clined to  favour  Arianifm.  9  m.  SSK.  Rimini- 

Catholica,  {La,)  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the 
valley  of  Mazara.     1 2  miles  NW.  Girgenti. 

Catia,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Nile.     5  miles  S.  Siut. 

Catich,  a  town  of  Egypt,  near  the  coaft  of 
the  Mediterranean.  105  miles  NE.  Cairo, 
80  NNE.  Suez.  Lo7ig.  32.  ss-  -•  J"^'- 
30.  56.N. 

Catif,  [Ely)  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Lachfa,  fituated  near  the  Perfian 
Gulf,  or,  a  river  which  is  oavigabie  fbr  vef- 


CAT 

fels  of  confiderable  fize  taking  advantap'e  of 
the  tide,  about  twenty  miles  from  tlic  idand 
of  Bahhrcin.  The  inhabitants  earn  their 
fubfiftence  by  the  pearl  fifliery.  When  any 
are  too  poor  to  Hih  at  their  own  ri(k  and 
expence,  they  hire  their  labour  to  ftranger- 
adventurers,  who  refort  hitlier  in  the  hotter 
months  of  the  year,  the  feafon  for  the  fiih- 
ing;  the  air  of  this  country  is,  however,  be- 
lieved to  be  unhealthy  in  fummer.  The  ruins 
of  a  Portugucfe  fortrefs  are  ftil!  to  be  feen 
near  this  place.  13  a  miles  S.  Baffora,  420  S. 
Ifpahan.     Long.  47.  16.  E.  Lat.  37.  10.  N 

Cathigoor,  a  town  of  Hindoolfan,  in  Gol- 
conda.     50  miles  ESE.  Hydrabad. 

Cattjlohole^  a  river  of  Weft-Florida,  which 
runs  into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  Long.  85. 
16.  W.     Lat.  29.  46;  N. 

Cativa,  a  town  of  Brafil,  in  the  govern- 
iiient  of  St.  Paul.     80  miles  SW.  St.  Paul. 

Catlalogan,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Samar.  Lotig.  124-  38.  E. 
Z.//.  11.58.N. 

CatU'i:,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
•cipalityof  Grubenhagen,  which  runs  inco  the 
Kahme  at  Catlenburg, 

Catknburg,  a  town  and  bailiwick  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  principality  of  Grubenhagen. 
16  miles  SSE.  Einbeck. 

Caiman  Ijlatids,  two  fmall  iflands  among 
the  Philippines.  Long.  \%\.  44.  E.  Lat. 
13.40.  N. 

Catmandu,  a  city  of  Aiia,  in  the  country  of 
!Nepal,  or  Napaul  ;  once  the  capital  of  an 
independent  kingdom,  which  extended  from 
north  to  fouth,  12  or  13  days  journies,  as 
f;ir  as  the  borders  of  Thibet,  and  nearly  as 
much  from  eaft  to  weft.  It  contains  a  royal 
palace,  ievcral  grand  temples,  and  about 
18,000  houfes.  154  miles  N.  Patna,  400  E. 
Delhi.     Long.  85.  16.  E.     Lat.  28.  10.  N. 

Caton,  a  townfhip  of  England,  in  Lanca- 
ihirc,with  iigoinhabitants.  5  m.N.Lancafter. 

Catona,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     4  miles  N.  Reggio. 

Catooha,  a  town  on  the  NW.  coaft  of  the 
,  ifland  of  Timor.    Long.  125.  15.  E.     Lat. 
8.56.  S. 

CafozTgnddy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfort:.     9  miles  NW.  Tripatore. 

Catorc,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  St.  Martha.  10  m.  N.Tenerifte. 

Q,!trahf  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Benares. 
25  miles  Merzapour. 

Cafoury,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
.  15  miles  WSW.  Bahar. 

Catri/:e,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the  county 
of  Ayr,   lirif  founded  in  17S7,   for  the  pui"- 
.  pole  of  carrying  on  the  cotton  manufadure. 
.  9  miles  NW.  iiyr. 

Catrou,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Fczzan.     75  miles  SSW.  Mourzouk. 

Ca//a/,  A  town  of  Chinele  Tartaryi  28 
miks  W.Coucha. 


CAT 

Caffart'itz,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Servia.     30  miles  ESE.  Priftina. 

Cattack,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  OrifFa, 
fitu'-ited  on  an  ifland  in  the  river  Mahanada, 
furrounded  'vith  walls.  It  is  a  place  of  con- 
fequence,  as  it  is  (ituated  in  the  road  from  the 
circars  to  the  government  of  Bengal.  The 
ifland  is  of  an  oblong  form,  about  three  miles 
long,  and  one  broad.  184  miles  SW.  Cal- 
cutta, 288  S.  Patna.  Long.  86.  E.  Lat. 
20.  32.  N. 

Cattaciim,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  a6 
miles  NNE.  Coimbetore. 

Cat'aio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Paduan. 
5  miles  S.  Padua. 

Cattaro,  fee  Cataro. 

Cattegat,  a  large  gulf  of  the  North  fea, 
between  North -Judand  to  the  weft,  Norway 
to  the  eaft,  and  theDaniflr  iflands  ofZealand, 
Funen,  &c.  to  the  fouth;  about  120  miles 
from  north  to  fouth,  and  between  60  and  70 
from  eaft  to  weft. 

Cattenanu,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  circle 
of  Samland.     68  miles  E.  Konigfterg. 

Catttrick,  a  townfliip  of  England,  in  the 
north  riding  of  Ycrkfhire.  32  miles  N. 
Boroughbridge. 

Cattoim,  or  Caytone,  an  Englifti  fettlement 
on  the  weif  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Sumatra. 
Long.  loi.  45.  E.     Lat.  3  20.  S. 

Cattya,  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  miles  SW. 
Silhet. 

Cattufe,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  Georg!<a. 
12  miles  W.  Tugcloo. 

Catu,  a  river  of  Braiil,  which  runs  into  tlie 
Atlantic,  Z,5/?^.  38.  36.  W.   Z^/.  3.40.S.  _ 

Caiura,  a  toum  of  Syria,  in  the  pachalic 
of  Aleppo.     15  miles  N.  Aleppo. 

Catiu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot.     7  miles  NN  W.  Cahors. 

Cat-vjyck,  a  village  of  Holland,  on  the 
borders  of  the  fea,  near  which  the  Rhine 
lofes  itfelf  in  the  land.  The  Romans  built 
a  calfle  near  this  village,  called  ylrx  Bri- 
tannica,  and  the  ruins  arc  fomctimes  vifible, 
when  the  fea  retires  more  than  ufual.  6 
miles  NW.  Leyden. 

Catzenelnhogcn.  or  Katzenelnhogen,{Coun- 
ty  of,,)  a  county  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  the  Upper  Rhine,  which  devolved  to  the 
Landgrave  of  Kcfie  in  the  year  1479,  '■^^^'^^ 
the  death  of  Philip  the  lafl:  count.  It  is  com- 
pofcd  of  many  diftrids,  which  would  form 
a  country,  flxty  miles  in  length,  and  thirty 
in  breadth,  if  they  were  united  together; 
but  the  city  of  Mentz,  with  its  territories, 
infulated  in  this  county,  makes  an  interrup- 
tion of  30  miles.  The  Main  pafles  through  it, 
and  divides  it  into  Upper  and  Lower;  tlie 
Upper  belongs  to  the  Prince  of  Heffe  Darm- 
ftadt,  and  is  called  Darmftadt  from  the  ca- 
pital. The  Lower  county  fell  to  the  Land- 
grave of  llefle  Rhinfels,  in  the  year  1648  ; 
e.\ccpt  the  town  ot  Catzcnelnbogcn,  Breu» 


C  A  V 

bach,  and  the  caftle  of"  Marfburg,   which 
belong  to  Darmftadt. 

Catzemlnbogcr.,  a  town  and  cafllc  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  circle  of  the  Upper  Rhine, 
which  gives  name  to  a  county  belonging  to 
the  pvince  of  Ileffe  Darmftadt;  near  it  is  an 
iron-mine.  28  miles  NNW.  Meniz,  zz 
ESE.  Coblentz.  Long.  7.  57.  E  .Lat.  50. 
13.  N. 

Cava,  one  of  the  fmaller  Orkney  iflands, 
about  tiiree  miles  S.  Pamona.  Long.  3.1. 
W.     Lat.  58.  41.  N. 

Cava,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  the  Upper  Po.     3  miles  W.  Cremona. 

Cava,  {La,)  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Princi- 
patro  Citra,  the  fee  of  abifhop,  immediately 
under  the  Pope.  The  inhabitants  carry  on 
a  great  trade  in  filk  and  linens.  4  miles 
NW".  Salerno,  22  SE.  Naples.  Long.  14. 
32.  E.     Lat.  40.  33.  N. 

Cauachls,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
audience  of  Quito,  on  the  river  of  the  Ama- 
zons. 90  miles  NE.  St  Joachim  de  Omaguas. 

Cavade,  a  lake  in  the  county  of  Tyrol. 
12  miles  WNW.  Trent. 

Cavado,  a  i-iver  of  Portugal,  which  runs 
into  the  fea  near  Efpofenda. 

Cavagan,  a  town  on  the  weft  coafl  of 
the  ifland  of  Lu^on.  Long.  120.  20.  E. 
Lat.  14.  55.  N. 

Cavaglia,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Dora.   16  miles  W.  Vercelli. 

Cavai,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Calicut. 
35  miles  NNW.  Tellicherry. 

Cavaillon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Vauclufe,  on  the  Durance; 
before  the  revolution  the  fee  of  a  biihop,  in 
the  county  of  Venaiffm.  It  contains  many 
remains  of  Roman  magnificence.  11  miles 
SE.  Avignon,  15  miles  WSW.  Apt. 

Cavaillon,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coafiof  the 
ifland  of  Hifpaniola,     70  m.  W  Jaquemel. 

Cavala,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Minas  Geraes.  15  miles  WNW. 
Villarica. 

Cavala,  {La,)  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  Romania.     30  miles  E.  Emboli. 

Cavaler  Maggiore,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Stura.  3  miles  N. 
hiavigliano,  19  S.  Turin. 

Cavaler i,  a  fmall  ifland  of  European 
Turkey,  in  the  Archipelago,  between  the 
fouth-wefl  end  of  the  ifland  of  Negropont, 
and  the  continent  of  Greece.  Long.  24* 
10.  E.     Lat.  38.  7.  N. 

Cavakric,  {La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Aveiron.  6  m.  SE.  Milhaud. 

Cavales,  a  river  of  South-America,  which 
runs  into  thie  Rio  Dulce,  near  St.  Miguel  de 
Tucuman. 

Cavalefe,  a  town  of  the  bifhopric  of 
Trent.     20  miles  NNE.  Trent. 

Cavalia,  a  town  of  .ifrica,  on  the  Ivory 
Coalt 


C  A  V 

Cavall'i,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  fouth-ealt 
coaft  of  Sardinia.  Long.  10.  E.  iM.  i<), 
12.  N. 

Cavalleros,  a  town  of  North-America,  on 
the  nortli-weft  part  of  the  Bay  of  Panama. 
7j  miles  SW.  Panama. 

CavalUy,  a  clulkr  of  fmall  iflands  in  the 
Southern  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  coaft  of 
New-Zealand.  9  miles  N W.  Point  Pocock. 
Long.  185.  42.  E.     Lat.  2,5'  3-  ^^* 

Cavailes,  a  river  of  Africa,  on  the  Grain 
Coaft,  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic.  Long, 
7.  30.  W.     Lat.  4.  28.  N. 

Cavallos  dc  Fam,  two  fmall  iflands  in  the 
Atlantic,  near  the  coaft  of  Portugal,  abc,  t 
two  miles  SSW.  Efpofenda.  Long.  8.  2^;. 
W.     Z.^7/.  41.  30.  N. 

Cavallos  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on 
the  weft  coaft  of  Africa.     Lat.  24.  12.  N. 

Cavan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  the  fame  name.  This  town  was  burnt  in 
the  year  1690,  when  the  Duke  of  Berwick 
was  defeated  by  the  Inniflvillen  men  under 
Colonel  Worfley.  Here  is  a  barrack  for  a 
troop  of  horfe.  It  is  the  fliire  town,  and 
before  the  union  fent  two  members  to  the 
Irifh  parliament,  s^  miles  NW.  Dublin, 
41  ESE.  Shgo. 

Cavan,  a  county  of  Ireland,  bounded  on 
the  north  by  the  county  of  Fermanagh  and 
Monaghan,  on  the  eaft  by  Monaghan  and 
Meath,  on  the  fouth  by  Meathand  I.ongford, 
and  OHi  the  weft  by  L'jitrim;  rather  more 
than  forty  miles  long,  and  about  twenty 
broad,  containing  thirty  parifhce,  16,314 
houfes,  and  81,573  inliabi.tants.  The  foil  is 
chiefly  a  ftiff  clay,  which  produces  naturally 
acoarfe  rufliy  pafture;  but  in  fonie  places  it 
has  been  much  amended  bycuitivation.  The 
flirface  of  the  country  is  fo  remarkably  un^ 
even,  that  a  level  fpot  is  rare  to  be  met  with ; 
a  great  part  of  it  is  open,  bleak,  and  dreary, 
but  fromCavan  to  I/Jugh-Erne  is  extremely 
well  wooded  and  piiflurelque.  Though  many 
of  diefe  hilis  are  high  and  barren,  yet  none 
merit  the  appellation  of  mountains,  except 
Brucehill,  in  the  fouthcrn  extremity,  the 
lofty  Sliebh  RuMel,  which  lies  partly  in  Fer. 
managh,  and  the  mountains  ot  Billynagee- 
ragh,  which  block  up  the  north-v/cft  angle 
of  the  county.  At  the  foot  of  tbeie  hills  are 
a  great  number  ot  imall  lakes,  and  forne  of 
larger  Jize.  The  principal  towns  are  Cavan, 
Belturbet,  and  Cootchill.  The  county  lends 
two  members  to  the  Imperial  parliameni. 

Cavana,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  bitho])ric 
of  Cufco.     100  miles  SW.  Cufco._ 

Cavantandalu??!,  a  town  of  Miiidooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.     15  miles  NW.  Carongoly. 

Cavaronisl,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Grecian 
Archipelago,  near  the  weft  cor.ft  of  Myconi. 

Cavarceia,  a  town  of  Iti'ly,  in  tlie  Pole- 
(ino  de  Rovigo,  on  the  right  bank  of  t.he 
Adige,   containing  about  70C0   inhab'»  ir.ii;, 


C  A\J 


C  A  U 


nvho  carry  on  a  confiderable  trade.  It  was 
formerly  called  Capo  d'Argine.  i6  miles 
KE.  Rovigo. 

Cavaxiri,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Japan,  near 
the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Ximo. 

Cavayaiit  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Negros.  jLc«^.  123.  ja.  E»  Lat. 
10.  6.  N. 

Cavazates,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 
120  miles  E.  Havannah. 

Caiib,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  the  Rhine.  Near  it  is  the  citadel  of 
Gutenfels,  and  on  an  ifland  in  the  Rliine  op- 
pofite  is  a  watch-tower,  called  the  Pfalz,  or 
■  Pfahgrevenjleitj.^  which  ferves  for  the  de- 
fence of  the  town,  and  the  collection  of  toll. 
In  i8oa  Caub  was  given  as  an  indemnity  to 
the  prince  of  Naflau  Ulingen.  28  miles  W. 
Mentz,  20  S.  Coblentz.     Long.   7.  40.  E. 

Cauc,  a  town  of  Great  Bukharia.  70  miles 
SE.  Anderab. 

Caiica,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile. 
it  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  and  belonged 
to  the  Vaccas.  In  the  year  of  Rome  601,  it 
was  befieged  by  the  Romans  under  the 
conful  Lucullus,  and  after  a  fliort  defence, 
tlie  inhabitants  furrendered.  He  required 
hoftages,  with  100  talents,  and  that  their 
cavalry  (hould  enter  into  the  Roman  fervice. 
He  alfo  introduced  a  garrifon  of  2000  men, 
■who  opened  the  gates  to  the  reft  of  the 
•army,  and  ao,ooo  men  capable  of  bearing 
•arms  were  put  to  the  fword.  The  old  men, 
women,  and  children,  were  fold  into  capti- 
vity, and  icarcely  one  efcaped.  18  miles 
•K.  Segovia. 

Cauca,  a  river  of  South-America,  which 
rifes  in  a  lake.  40  miles  S.  Popayan,  and 
joins  the  Madelena.     15  miles  N.  Mempox. 

Caucafust  a  mountain  of  Afia,  which  ex- 
tends fron^  the  Black  fca  to  the  Cafpian  fea. 
It  is  full  of  rocks  and  frightful  precipices, 
paffiible  in  many  places  only  by  narrow 
paths.  The  tops  are  perpetually  covered 
with  fnow,  and  uninhabited.  Below  the 
fummit  it  is  fertile,  and  abundant  in  gom,  (a 
fpecies  of  grain  refembling  millet,  and  cul- 
tivated as  rice)  in  wheat,  honey,  wine,  fiiiits, 
fvvinc,  and  large  cattle.  It  is  well  fupplied 
with  excellent  water,  and  thick  fet  with 
villages.  The  vines  grow  round  trees  to 
the  topmoft  branches;  the  wine  is  excellent, 
and  ib  cheap  that  in  fome  places  the  weight 
of  300  pounds  is  to  be  bought  for  a  crown. 
The  inhabitants  are  of  fcveral  different  na- 
tions, for  the  moft  part  ChrilHans  ;  thole 
on  the  north  principality  lubjedt  to  Ruflia, 
and  thofe  on  the  fouth  to  Turkey. 

Cuucajtu,  {Govcnii?:ent  of,)  a  province  of 
Ruflia,  which  takes  its  name  from  the  moun- 
tain fo  called;  bounded  on  the  north-weft 
by  the  fea  of  Azoph  and  the  country  of  the 
.  Colfacks,.-  on  ^le  noith-eaft  by  the  goyern- 


ments  of  Saratov  and  Upha,  on  the  eaft  by 
the  Cafpian  fea  and  the  river  Ural,  on  the 
fouth  by  the  river  Cuban  and  Georgia.  The 
principal  towns  are  Ekaterinograd,  Aftra- 
chan,  Kizliar,  and  Eificoi. 

Cauchan,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Beffarabia.     60  miles  NNW.  Akerman. 

Cauchianili,  a  ftnall  Turkifh  ifland,  in  the 
Mediterranean.  20  miles  SW.  Stanchio. 
Long.z6.  24.  E.  Lat.  36.30.N. 

Caudamatrisy  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Ceylon,  on  the  weft  coaft.  64  miles  NW. 
Candi.    Long.  80.  E.  Lat.  8.  20.  N. 

Candar,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Xucar,  a  little  above  Cuenga. 

Cauder,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaft-Indian 
fea.     Long.  132.  9.  E.  Lat.  5.  2.  S. 

Caudehec,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine,  fituated  on  the 
Seine.  It  is  furrounded  with  walls,  flanked 
with  towers.  The  town  is  not  large,  but 
populous  and  commercial.  15  miles  W. 
Rouen,  8  E.  Havre.  Long.  o.  18.  E.  Lat. 
46.  31.  N. 

CaudfcoJIe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  7  miles 
SE.  Agen. 

Caudcrgiinge,  a  toWn  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Rohilcund,  on  the  Ganges.  15  miles  S. 
Budayoon. 

Candies,  a  tovv'n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eaftern  Pyrenees.  27  miles 
WNW.  Perpignan. 

Caudipan,  a  country  or  kingdom  in  the 
ifland  of  Celebes. 

Caudrot,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde,  on  the  Garonne,  j 
miles  W.  Reolle. 

Cave-Hill,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Antrim.     4  miles  N.  Belfaft. 

Cave,  a  river  of  North-America,  which 
runs  into  the  MiflilTippi,  Long.  93.  30.  W. 
Lat.  44.  43.  N. 

Cavedan,  a  river  of  Perfia,  which  runs  irrto 
the  Bend  Emir,  25  miles  SE.  Neubendjam. 

Cauen,  fee  Ko'wno. 

Caveripatam,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Myfore  country.  In  1790,  this  town  was 
taken  by  the  Britifh.  90  miles  E.  Seringa- 
patam,  130  WSW.  Madras.  Long.  78.  22. 
E.  Lat.  12.  22.  N. 

Cavcrfundrum,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  circar  of  Cuddapa.  23  miles  NNW. 
Gandicotta. 

Caverypatn^n,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.     12  miles  S-  Tanjore. 

Caverzatw,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Bellu- 
nefe.    4  miles  NW.  Belluno. 

Cavefas,  a  clufter  of  fmall  iflands  in  the 
Spanilh  Main,  a  little  to  the  eaft  of  Cape  St., 
Bias.     Long.  78.  30.  W.  Lat.  9.  30.  N. 

Cauga,  or  Conga,  fee  Fittre. 
■  Caugviahrs,  or  Catigwary,  a  province  of 
Bengal,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Burbazzoo' 


C  A  V 

and  Pookarecah,  on  the  eaft  by  Dacca,  on 
the  fouth  by  Attyah,  and  on  the  weil  by 
Burbazzoo;  about  25  miles  long,  and  from 
5  to  10  broad.  Caughmary  is  the  chief  town. 

Cau^hiiiary,  a  town  of  Bengal,  and  capital 
of  a  province.  20  miles  NW.  Dacca,  125 
NE. Calcutta.    Zot^.  90.E.  Z,^?/.  24. 14.N. 

Caviana,  an  ifiand  in  the  mouth  of  the 
river  of  the  Amazons,  of  a  triangular  form, 
about  t2o  miles  in  circumference,  fituated  a 
little  to  the  north  of  the  equinoftial  line. 

Cavia/ia,  a  town  ot  Dralil,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Para.     25  miles  SW.  Para. 

Cit-jiam,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Lavora. 
7  miles  N.  Naples. 

CavicondiT,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore.     18  miles  N.  Cliinn;i  Balabaram. 

Cavicunga,  a  town  on  the  north  conft  of 
the  iiland  of  Lu^on.  Long.  121.  13.  E. 
Lat.  18.  45-  N. 

Caz'iHargi'.es,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gard.     8  miles  NE.  Uzes. 

CiZwYZ/jafmali  ifland  in  theEaftern  Indian 
fea.     Long.  121.  E.  Lat.c).  12.  N. 

Cavifias,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe 
of  Cufco.     60  miles  SSE.  Cufco. 

Cavite,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Lugon. 
It  was  formerly  a  conliderable  place,  but  at 
prelent  there  remains  nothing  more  of  its 
grandeur  than  the  commandant  of  the  arfe- 
ral,  a  contador,  two  lieutenants  of  the  port, 
the  commandant  of  the  place,  150  men  in 
garrifon,  and  the  officers  attached  to  this 
corps.  All  the  other  inhabitants  are  Mu- 
lattoes  or  Indians,  employed  at  the  arfenal; 
and  with  their  families,  winch  are  very  nu- 
merous, form  a  population  of  about  4000 
Ibuls,  divided  between  the  city  and  the  fub- 
urb  St.  Roche.  There  are  only  two  pariflies, 
and  three  convents  ot  men,  each  occupied 
by  two  eccleiiaftics,  although  thirty  might 
be  conveniently  accommodated  there.  The 
Jefuits  formerly  poffefled  a  very  handfome 
houfe  here,  which  the  commercial  company 
lately  eftablifhed  by  government  has  taken 
into  its  own  hands.  I'he  whole  place  feems 
little  elfe  than  a  heap  of  ruins.  The  old 
ftore-houfes  are  either  abandoned,  or  occu- 
pied by  Indians,  who  never  repair  them : 
and  Cuvitc,  the  fecond  town  of  the  Philip- 
pines, the  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own 
name,  is  at  this  time  only  a  paltry  village, 
■where  there  remain  no  other  Spaniards  than 
thofe  of  the  military  eftablifhment,  and  of 
^dminlllracion.  9  m,  SW.  Manilla.  Long. 
121.  o.E.  Lat.  14.  29.  N. 

Catikny,  a  town  of  Bengal.  42  miles  SSE. 
Curruckpour. 

Canine,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  North Coalls.    lom.SW.Dinan. 

Caulone-,^.  mountain  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     8  miles  NE.  Oppido. 

Caumont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Calvado';.  12  m.  SS  VV.  Bayeux. 
Vqj-  T.  L  1 


CAW 

Caiimpcily,^  town  of  Ilindooftar^  in  Goi- 
conda.     4c-  miLs  SE.  Waranj;oIe. 

Caunda paddy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Coimbetore.     u  miles  E.  Damicotta. 

Caiine,  {La,)  a  town  of  France,  and 
principal  place  of  a  dillrid,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tarn.    21  miles  ENE.  Caitres. 

Cannes,  {Les,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Aude.  21  miles  WNW. 
Nai  bonne,  10  NE.  Carcaifone. 

Caungl.ifs  Point,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  on  the 
weft  coalt,  in  the  county  of  Kerry.  Long. 
10.^8.  W.  Lat.  51.  58.  N. 

Cauneah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
16  miles  NE.  Bahar. 

Catuntoor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     12  miles  SE.  Carongoly. 

Cawifr ahead,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  on  the 
well:  coaft,  in  the  county  of  Kerry.  Long. 
10.  20.  V/.  Lat.^z.  8.  N. 

Caunuck,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Be- 
nares.    7  miles  S.  Bidzigur 

Cauqueupf,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the  river 
Maule.     Long.-ii.  35.  W.  /.«/■.  35.  24.  S. 

Cauro,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Corlica. 
9  miles  ESE.  Ajazzo. 

Caiifamid,  one  of  the  fmaller  Scotch  He- 
brides.    Zc7/^.  7.  38.  VV.     Lat.  e; -J.  2 A- 'i^- 

Caujfade,  a  town  of  Fiance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot.  12  miles  NE.  Moiitauban. 

Caiitckporii?n,  a  town  of  Bengal,  ^o  miles 
S.  Dacca. 

Cauten,  a  river  of  South-America,  which 
rifes  in  Chili,  and  runs  into  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
Lat.  38.  30.  S. 

Caulercs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partm.ent  of  the  Higher  Pyrenees.  5  miles 
W.  Lus. 

Cautgunge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
province  of  Bahar,  on  the  north  fide  of  the 
Ganges,  oppofite  Bar. 

Cdutnagur,  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
S.  Midnapour.   Long.Zi.Y,.  Lat.  22.  s.'N. 

Canto,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  25 
miles  NE.  Bayamo. 

Cautj,  a  river  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  which 
runs  into  the  fea  20  miles  NW.  Bayamo. 
Long.  77.  W.  Lat.  20.  59.  N. 

Cauvery,  a  river  of  Hindooftan,  which 
rifes  in  the  Bednore  country,  pafles  by  Se- 
ringapatam,  Allumbaddy,Trichinopoly,  &c. 
and  empties  itfelf  by  two  branches  into  the 
bay  of  Bengal,  one  near  Devicotta,  and  the 
other  near  Negapatam. 

Caiix,  before  the  revolution,  a  country  of 
France  in  Normandy,  about  150  miles  in 
circumference,  lying  between  the  Ocean  and 
the  Seine,  Vexin,  Normandy,  Picaidy,  and 
the  country  of  Bray.  '1  he  land  is  fertile  in 
grain,  hemp,  fruits,  hz.  The  coaft  abounds 
with  li!h,  and  the  forefts  with  game.  Cau» 
debec  is  the  capital. 

Ca'wah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  JBahar. 
IS  mile';  NW.  Bahar, 


CAY 

Can.vaflagny,  a  town  of  Bengal.  12  miles 
1\E.  Midaapour. 

C a'wenifqiie, ■Anvzr  of  Pennfylvania, which 
runs  into  the  Tyoga  on  the  borders  of  New- 
York,  Long.  77.  II.  W.  Lat.  42.  I.  N. 

Caii-b,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Kordofan. 
230  miles  W.  Sennaar. 

Caivdci-chuck,  a  town  of  Hindoofl-an,  in 
the  circar  of  Rohilcund.  10  rn.  S.  BuJayoon. 

CavjJipour,  a  town  of  HindooJliin,  in  the 
fubah  of  Allaiubad.  37  miles  SW.  Luck- 
now,  9~S  NW.  Allahabad.  ■  Long.  80.  38.  E. 
Lat.  26.  27.  N. 

Caivood,  a  town  of  England,; in  the  Eaft 
■Riding  of  the  county  of  York,  with  a  weekly 
market  on  Wednefday,  and  1025  inhabitants. 
Here  was  formerly  a  caflle  or  palace,  belong- 
ing to  the  archbifliops  of  Yoik,  where  Car- 
dinal Wolfey  was  arrefted.  It  was  demo- 
iifhcd  during  the  civil  wars  of  the  17th 
century.     10  m.  SW.  York,  190  N.  London. 

Ca-ivcor,  a  town  on  the  SW.  coafl  of  Su- 
matra.    Long.  103. 1  -.  E.  Lat.  4-  52.  S. 

Caxa  Tawho,  a  juriidiilion  of  Peru,  in 
the  archbilhopric  of  Lima. 

Cay,arf-arca.,  or  4^<w.v/?7/.v/rr«,a  jurifdidion 
of  Peru,,  in  the  bifliopric  of  Truxillo.  The 
inh.abitants  arc  for  the  moft  part  Indians, 
and  chiefly  weavers:  the  principal  town  is 
■  of  the  fame  name ;  at  one  time  a  royal  city, 
v/hcre  the  emperor  Atahurdapa  was  put  to 
death,  after  having  been  defeated  and  im- 
prifoned  bv  Pizarro.  About  70  miles  frojii 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  280  m.  N.  Lima.  Lo):g. 
'•%.  S.  W.  Lat.  7.3C.S. 

Caxton,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Cambridge,  faid  to  have  been  the  birth- 
place of  Caxlon,  one  of  the  earliefl  Enghfli 
printers,  ar.d  Matthew  Paris,  the  hiftoiian. 
It  has  a  weekly  market  on  Tuefday,  with 
only  336  inhabitants.  10  miles  S.  Hunting- 
don, 49  N.  London. 

Caxaviarquilla,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  tlie 
dtocefe  of  Truxillo,  and  jurildidion  of  Patas, 
on  a  river  of  the  fame  name.  40  miles  E. 
Cas-amarca,  no  ENE.  Truxillo. 

CaKaniarqidUa.,  fee  Patas. 

f  .?)■,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  fecond  rank, 
in  Pe-tche-li.  125  m.  SSW.  Peking.  Long. 
115.  20.  E.  Lat.jZ.  3.N.  _ 

Caya,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into  the 
Guadiana  ncarBadajoz. 

Ca\'ci,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  which 
runs  into  the  Mediterranean  near  Tamarit. 

C:/)'.?,  a  town  of  South-America,  on  tiie 
eaft  coaft  ot  the  ifland  of  Marajo.  30  miles 
IsNW.  Para. 

Ciiya/.iogtr,  a  town  of  America,  in  the 
country  weft  of  Pennfylvania,  on  a  river  of 
the  lame  name.  Long.  81.  ao.  W.  Lat. 
41.  10.  N. 

Cayii'yr^a,  a  river  of  North-America, 
which  tuns  into  lake  Eric,  L.ong.  Si.  32. 
\V.  Lat.^i.  46.  N. 


CAY 

Cayahoga,  fee  Cayuga. 

CayaLri,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Channel, 
between  the  coaft  of  Greece,  and  the  ifland 
of  Nesroponte.  Long.  24.  6.  E.  Lat. 
38.  9.  N. 

Cayamha,  a  town  of -South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Quito,     30  m.  NE.  Quito. 

Cayambc-urcu,  a  town  of  South-America. 
30  miles  KE.  Quito. 

Cayamhiiro.,-?.  mountain  of  South-America, 
30  miles  NE.  Quito.    - 

Cayapus,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
audience  of  Quito.     50  miles  N.  Quito. 

Cayapiis,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
audience  of  Quito,     36  miles  NW.  Ibarra. 

CayapoSf  a  river  of  Bralil,  which  runs  into 
the  Parana. 

Cayar,  fee  Cayor. 

Cayas,  or  Rubicon,  the  principal  town  of 
the  ifland  of  Lancerotta,  and  formerly  the 
fee  of  a  biihop,  containing  about  2cohoufes 
and  a  monaflery.  It  is  defended  by  a  caffle, 
on  which  fome  guns  are  mounted.  5  miles 
N.  Porto  de  Naos. 

Caybobe,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Ceram.  Lofig.  128. 33. E.Z/i7/.3. 8. S. 

Ca\e,  {Grand,)  or  North-Caye,  a  clufter 
of  rocks  among  the  Bahama  iOands,  extend- 
ing 30  miles  in  length  from  eaft  to  weft,  and 
from  3  to  10  in  breadth, 

Cayangunge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.     20  miles  NW.  Furruckbad. 

Cayenne,  an  ifland  of  South-America,  in 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  near  the|coaftof  Guaina, 
about  45  miles  in  circumference.  The  land 
i?  high  near  the  coafts,  but  low  in  the  centre  : 
the  foil  is  a  black  fand,  covering  a  loamy 
clay,  fit  to  make  bricks.  The  hills  are  cul- 
tivated, and  the  paftures  itzA  a  great  num- 
ber of  horfes,  flieep,  goats,  and  cattle,  which 
roam  at  will :  the  beef  and  mutton  are  ex- 
cellent. It  produces  fugar,  cocoa,  coffee, 
and  indigo,  which,  with  maize,  callia,  and 
vanilla,  form  its  principal  commerce.  In  the 
year  1752,  the  inhabitants  conlifted  of  90 
French  families,  125  Indians,  and  ijco 
blacks;  and  they  exported  80,363  pounds 
of  fugar,  26,881  of  coftee,  915910  of  cocoa, 
befides  other  articles.  Long.  ^i.  16.  W. 
Lat.  4,  56.  N. 

Cayenne,  a  river  of  Guiana,  which  runs 
into  the  fea,  Lat.  4.  55.  N. 

Cayenne  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth-weft 
coaft  of  the  illand  of  St.  Vincent.  2  miles 
NW.  Kingfton  Bay. 

Cayes,  two  fmall  ifland?  among  the  Ba- 
hamas.    15  miles  NW.  Mahaguana. 

Cayes  (Lex,)  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  His- 
pmiola,  on  the  fouth  coaft.  Lo?ig.  74.  31." 
W.  Lat.  18.  13.  N. 

Cayetar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     15  miles  N.  Tinevelly. 

Caye/ix,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.     10  m.  N.  MontdiJier. 


CAY 

Cayguer, Titown  of  South-America,  in  tlie 
province  of  Popayan.  3a  rn.  SE.  Barbiicoa. 
Cayboca,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Guaxaca,  on  the  Guazacoaico,  near 
the  guU"  of  Mexico.  180  miles  ENE.  Gu- 
axaca.    Long.  95.  26.  W.  Lat.  18.  6.N. 

Ctiylar,  {Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partinent  of  the  Hcrauh.     7  ni.N  Lodeve. 
CayitHi  A  fmall  ifland  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
near  the  coaft  of  Chili.     Lat.  44.  25.  S. 
Cayll'j?>/a,  fee  Ccdknia. 
CayiunijSt  rocks  and  iflcts  near  the  noith- 
eart  coaft  of  Honduras.     Lo::g.  83.  8.  W. 
Lat.  15.  48.  N. 

Caylui,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot.  21  iViilcs  NE.  Munt.iuban. 
Cay7)ia?iSi  three  fmall  iflands  of  the  Well- 
Indies,  near  the  bay  of  Honduras,  called  Great 
Cayman, Little  Cay>/hi;!.,  and  C, n' .".'.7/;  Brock ; 
the  former  is  inhabited  by  defcendants  of  the 
buccaneers,  and  is  fituated.  Long.  81.40.W. 
Lat.  19.  20.  N. 

CayjnJtes,  three  iflands  near  the  weff  coaft 
of  Hifpanioia,  the  largclt  about  12  miles  in 
circumference.  36  miles  W.  Cape  Donna 
Maria. 

Cayne,  a  river  of  Wales,  wrdch  joins  the 
Severn  4  miles  W.Kev.'tovv'n,  Merioneth fliire. 
Caynoura,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Galam.     3c  rfiiles  S.  Galam. 

Cayo,  El,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 
60  miles  E.  Spiritu  Santo. 

Cayo  d  /Jfnero,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  on 
the  louth  coaft  of  Cuba.  Lo?jg.  79.  52.  W. 
Lat.  21.  35.  N. 

Cayo  do  Angiiilla,  one  of  the  fmall  Ba- 
hama iflands.     Lat.  25.  8.  N. 

Cayo  Blaneo,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  near 
the  north  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  80.  22  W. 
Lat.  23.  23.  N. 

Cayo  Blanco,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  near 
the  fouth  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  83.  40.  W. 
Lat.  21.  42.  N. 

Cayo  Blanco,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  near 
the  Ibuth  coaft  of  Cuba.  Lotig.  80.  x.  W. 
Lat.  21.  30.  N. 

Cayo  de  Cainpos,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland 
near  the  fbuth  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  82. 
48.  W.  Lat.2i.2s-  N. 

Cayo  Confitcs,  or  Sugar  Key,  a  rock  or 
fmall  ifland  near  the  north  coaft  of  Cuba. 
Long.  77.  25.  W.  Lat.  22.  22.  N. 

Cayo  de  Cruz,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  near 
the  north  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long-  77.  32.  W. 
Lat.  22.  20.  N. 

Cayo  do  Sal,  one  of  the  fmall  Bahama 
iflands.     Lat.  25.  20.  N. 

Cayo  Frances,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  near 
the  north  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  78.  50. 
W.  Lat.  22.  25.  N. 

Cayo  Gorda,  a  fmall  ifland  farrounded 
with  rocks,  in  the  Spanifli  main.  Long  82. 
8,  W.  Lat.  15.  4J.N. 

Cayo  Gra?:de,  or  Angudar  Key,  a  rock 

L  1   2 


CAY 

or  fmall  ifland  near  the  north  coaft  of  Cuba. 
Lo}ig.  84.  20.  W.  Lat.  22.  44.  N. 

Cayo  Guana,  a  rock  or  fniall  ifland  near 
the  north  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  77.  4.  W. 
Lat.  21.  s%.  N. 

Cayo  Guinchcs,  fee  Dutch  Key. 

Cayo  Liglez,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  on  the 

S.  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.-ji).  W.  Lat  .21.1.  N. 

Cayo  Largo,  a  clufter  of  iflets  in  the  bay 

of  Honduras,   near  the   coaft   of  Mexico. 

Long.  90.  W.  Lat.  16.  10.  N. 

Cayo  Largo,  a  rock  or  finall  ifland  near 
the  north  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  85.  12.  W. 
Lat.  22.  30.  N. 

Cayo  Largo,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  near 
the  foulh  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  79.  30.  W. 
Lat.  20.  .54.  N. 

Cayo  de  Macnos,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland 
near  the  fouth  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  79. 
56.  W.  Lat.  21.  44-  N. 

Cayo  de  Mao  Afuera,  a  rock  or  fmall 
ifland  near  the  fouth  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long. 
79.40.  W.  Lat.  21.  16.  N. 

Cayo  de  Ml,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  near 
the  fouth  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  78.  12.  W. 
Lat.  20.  2>7.'  ^• 

Cayo  de  Moa,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  near 
the  north  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  74.  25.  W. 
Lat  20.  50.  N. 

Cayo  del  Qejle,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  near 
the  fouth  coal};  of  Cuba.  Lotig.  79.  12.  W. 
Lat.  21.  2.  N. 

Cayo  de  Palamhas,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland 
near  the  fouth  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  79. 
14.  W.  Lat.  21.  12.  N. 

Cayo  Palone,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  near 
the  north  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  77.  10.  W, 
Lat.  22.  10.  N. 

Cayo  de  Ptcdras,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland 
near  the  north  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  80. 
20.  W.  Lat.  23.  23.  N. 

Cayo  de  Puercas,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland 
near  the  north  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  83. 
50.  W.  Lat.  22.  ss-  N. 

Cayo  Romano,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland  near 
the  north  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  77.  20.  W. 
Lat.  22.  6. 

Cayo  de  St.  Maria,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland 
near  the  north  coaft  of  Cuba.  Lo7:g.  78. 
36.  W.  Lat.  22.  30.  N. 

Cayo  de  Santinal,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland 
near  the  north  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  jCk 
40.  W.  Lat.  21.  48.  N. 

Cayo  de  la  Siberia,  a  rock  or  fmall  ifland 
near  the  fouth  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  82.  35. 
W.  Lat.  21.  22.  N. 

Cayo  Szczio,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  bay  of 
Honduras,  near  the  coaft  of  Yucatan.  Long. 
87.  45-  W.  Lat.  21.  16.  N. 

Cayola,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Lat.  15.  50.  N. 

Cayonne,  a  river  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chrif- 
topher,  which  runs  into  the  fea,  haJf  a  mile 
SE.  Mad;i:x's  Point. 


CAY 

Cayor,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  capital  of 
a  eouniry  of  the  fame  name,  bordering  on 
the  Atlantic.    Long.  14.  40.  W.  Lai.  17.  N. 

Cayora,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Cordova,  aj  m.NNE.  Cordova. 

Cayos  Blancos,  illets  or  rocks  near  the 
fouth'coafi:  of  Cuba.  Long.  77.  4c.  W.  Lat. 
19.  59.  N. 

Cases  de  Cavnhner,  iflets  or  rocks  near 
the  fouth  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long,  -j^.is-  W. 
Z^/.  21.  2.  N. 

Cayos  di!  Diego-  Perez,  an  illand  lur- 
rounded  with  rocks,  near  the  fouth  coail  of 
Cuba.  LoKg.  82.  15.  W.  Lat.  11.  24- N. 

Cayos  dos  Indlos,  a  clufter  of  rocky  iflets, 
r.ear  the  fouth  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  83. 
xr.  W.  Lat.  21.  J2.  N. 

Cayos  de  Polacca,  a  clufter  of  fmail  illands 
in  the  bay  of  Honduras,  near  the  coaft  of 
Vera  Paz.    Long.  90.  W.  Lat.  15.  5c.  N. 

Cayos  de  Foqv.es,  fee  AnguHla. 
•  ■  C^-^os  de  Ramera,  iflets  or   rocks    near 
the  fouth  coaft  of  Cuba.     Lorig.  77.  40.  W. 
X/j/.  ii.N. 

Cayos  de  St.  SehaJIian,  iflets  or  rocKs  near 
the  fouth  coaft  of  Cuba.  Long.  83.  5.  W. 
Lat.  22.  4-  N. 

Cayos  de  Sal,  iflets  or  rocks  near  the  north 
coaft  of  Cuba.  Lo?ig.  75.  22.  W.  Lat.  21, 
A2'  N. 

Caycs  de  Zapaiilh,  a  clufter  of  iflets  and 
rocks  in  the  bay  of  Honduras.  Long.  89. 
17  W.  Lat.  16.  3.  N. 

Cayres,  a  town  ot  France,  m  department 
of  the  Upper  Loire.  8  miles  S3W.  Le  Puy. 

Cayro,  a  town  ef  the  ifland  of  Corfica. 
8  miles  E-  Ajaccio. 

Caytapera,  or  Fl.rman,^  a  river  of  Brazil, 
which  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  o.  38.  S. 

Cayte,  a  town  of  Brafd,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Para,  on  the  Cataypera,  near  its 
moutli.  ro5  miles  NE.Para.  Long.  48.  12. 
W.  Lat.  0.  40.  S. 

Caytone,  fee  Cattoivn. 

Cayvaram,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
ifure.     23  miles  NE.  Bangalore. 

Cayuga,  a  town  of  New- York,  near  the 
north  extremity  of  lake  Cayuga.  Long. 
76.  48.  W.  Lat.  42.  55-  N. 

Cayuga,  a  lake  of  New-York,  about  30 
•;niles'long  from  north  to  fouth,  and  2  or  3 
broad.    It  gives  name  to  a  county. 

Cayuga,  a  county  of  New-York,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  lake  Ontario,  on  the  eaft 
by  the  county  of  Onondaga,  on  the  fouth  by 
the  county  of  Tiooa,  and  on  the  well  by 
the  counties  of  Ontario  and  Steuben.  60 
miles  from  north  to  fouth,  and  from  22  to 
3  5  in  breadth  from  eaft  to  well. 

Cayza,  a  tov/n  of,  Peru.  ,30  miles  S. 
Potoii. 

Caza-forte,  a  fort  of  Brafil,  in  the  govcrn- 
unent  ofGoyas,  on  the Tocantins.  380  m. 
NNE.  VilUbua. 


C  E  C 

Caza  de  Pedro,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which 
runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Lat.  22.  45.  S. 

Cazaban,  a  river  of  the  ifland  of  Candia, 
which  runs  into  the  fea,  3  miles  E.Candia. 

Cazac  Lore,  fee  Lore. 

Cazal,  a  town  of  Arabia.  80  miles  NE. 
Medina. 

Cazella,  fee  CacalLa. 

Cazals,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot.     9  miles  SW.  Gourdon. 

Cazauhon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gers.  18  miles  W.  Condom. 

Caze,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  province 
of  Hedsjas.     95  miles  SE.  Mecca. 

Cazeca,  or  Cazegoot,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
Atlantic,  near  the  coaft  of  Africa.  Lat. 
II.  10.  N. 

Cazeresy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Garonne.  6  miles 
SW.  Rieux. 

Cazeres,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Pyrenees.  12  ra. 
W  Nogaro. 

Cazes  de  Mondenard,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Lot.  3  miles  SE. 
Lauzerte. 

Cazma^  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  audience 
of  Lima,  near  the  coaft.  105  miles  SSE. 
Truxillo,  46  SSE.  Santa.  Lat.  9.  3c.  S. 

Cazorla,  fee  Cagorla. 

Cazouls,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Herault.  5  miles  NW. 
Bcziers. 

Cazza,  a  frn^ill  ifland  in  the  Adriatic. 
Long.  16.  39.  E.  Lat.  43.  6.  N. 

Cazzar,  a  town  of  Arabian  Irak,  on  the 
Euphrates.  55  miles  W.  Bagdad,  30  NW. 
An  bar. 

Cazzola,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Adriatic, 
near  the  coaft  of  Dalmatia.  Long.  16.  44. 
E.  Z<?/.  43.  8.  N. 

Cea,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  province 
of  Beira.     21  miles  SSE.  Vifeu. 

Cea,  a  towii  of  Spain,  in  the  province  of 
Leon.     23  miles  ESE.  Leon. 

Ceanmharra,  a  hill  m  the  ifland  of  Tiree, 
near  the  weft  coaft  of  Scotland,  remarkable 
for  a  great  number  of  caves,  to  which  fea- 
fowl,  eagles,  and  ravens  rcfortj  fome  of 
thefe  caves  are  upwards  of  fifty  yards  deep. 

Ceanx,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
•nientjof  the  Vlcnne.     6  miles  E.  Loudon. 

Cebaffat,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Puy-de-Dome.     3  m.  N.  Clermont. 

Cchola,  a  tov/n  of  Spain,  in  New  Caltile. 
15  miles  W.  Toledo. 

Cebreras,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile, 
20  miles  SSE.  Avila. 

Cebri,  fee  Cibii. 

Cecil,  a  county  of  United  America,  in 
the  ftate  of  Maryland. 

Ceana,  a  river  of  Etruria,  which  runs 
into  the  Mediterranean  at  Vada. 

Cccir  de  Mer,  a  fmall  ifland  in  tlie  Chi- 


C  E  F 

ncfc  fca,  near  the  coalt  of  Chiampa.  Long. 
108.  38.  E.  Lat.  II.  12.  N. 

Cccir  de  Terra,  a  finall  ifland  in  the  Clii- 
nefe  lea,  near  the  coafl  of  Chiampa.  l.^vg. 
108.  39.  E.  Lat.  10.  2.>.  N. 

Cecir  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Chiampa.    Long.  108.  6.  E.  Lat.  11.  8.  N. 

Ccctiba,  a  mountain  of  Naples,  in  Lavora. 
6  miles  S.  Fondi. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  river  of  New-Jerfey, 
Vnich  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  LoKg.  74. 18. 
\y.  Lat.  -i9.  48.  N. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  river  of  the  ftatc  of  De- 
laware, which  runs  into  Delaware  Bay, 
Lo'i^.  7j.  24.  W.  Lat.  38.  j6.  N. 

Cedar  Ijland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  Pamlico 
Sound,  near  the  coaft  of  North-Carolina. 
Lo7ig.  76.  40.  W.  Laf.  34-  52-  N. 

Cedar  Ijland,  a  fmall  iHand  in  the  At- 
lantic, near  the  coafl  of  Virginia,     Lofig. 

75.  40.  W.  Lat.  37.  39-  N. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  lake  ot  North-America. 
Lag.  100.  5. VI.  Lat.  Si' ^'^^ 

Cedar  Point,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Mary- 
land, at  the  mouth  of  the  Patuxcn.     Long. 

76.  50.  W.  Lat.  \Z.  10.  N. 

Cedar  River,  a  river  of  Weft-Florida, 
which  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  Lo?ig. 
83,  30.  W.  Lat.  30.  2.S.  N. 

Cedar  River,  or  Kechikigon,  a  river  of 
America,  which  runs  into  lake  Michigan, 
Long.  87.  2.  W.  Lat.  43.  15.  N, 

Cedar  River,  a  river  of  Canada,  which 
runs  into  Lake  Erie,  Loi'^g.  82.  25.  W. 
Lat.  42.  24*  N. 

Cedan,  (The,)  a  town  and  fort  of  Ca- 
nada, on  the  river  St.  Laurence.  In  1776, 
it  was  taken  by  the  Britifa.  30  miles  above 
Montreal. 

Cedavim,  a  town  of  Portugal,  m  the 
province  of  Beira.  so  miles  NW.  Caftel 
Rodrigo. 

Cedegolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Benaco.     8  miles  N.  Breno. 

Cedeyra,  a  tov/n  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  GaUcia.     1 5  miles  N.  Ferrol. 

Cedo^na,  a  tov/n  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Ultra,  ^he  fee  of  a  biihop,  fuffragan  of 
Conza,  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines,  in  a 
ftate  of  decay.  12  miles  NW.  Melfi.  Lctig. 
15.  24-E.Z^^4i-i-N. 

Cedros,  a  town  of  Nev/  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Mayo.  60  miles  NE.  Santa 
Cruz.. 

Ceejler,  a  town  in  the  dutchyof  Holitein. 
II  miles  W.  Pinnenberg. 

Ceefler  Muhe,  a  town  of  the  dutrhy 
of  Hoiftein.     13  miles  W.  Pinnenberg. 

Cefalu,  a  fcaport  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley 
of  Demona,  on  the  north  coaft  of  theifland, 
the  fee  of  an  archbifhop.  It  is  a  place  of 
trade,  and  the  iilhciv  is  produiitive,  but  the 
harbour  will  not  contain  above  30  or  40 
vtiflcls.    The  number  of  mhubiwnts  is  about 


C  E  L 

5,000.     30  miles  E.  Palermo.  75  W.  Mcf- 
iina-  Lofig.  14.  5.  E.  Lat.  38. 4.  N. 

Ceglia,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Bari.     5  miles  SSE.  Rari. 

Ceg/'a,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  provincf 
of  Otranto.     7  miles  S.  Oftuni. 

Cehegin,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Murcia.     37  miles  W.  Murcia. 

Ccilixs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  ilerault.  35  miles  NW.  Mont- 
pellier. 

Ceira,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Eeira.     3  miles  SE.  Coimbra. 

Ceira,  a  river  of  Portugal,  which  runs 
into  the  Mondego,  about  3  m.  SE.  Coimbra. 

CcLuiD,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Abruzzo  Ultra,  near  a  lake  of  the  fame 
name:  this  lake,  anciently  called  Fucinus,  is 
reprelented  by  Sir  V.'illiam  Hamilton  as  30 
miles  in  circumference,  and  da:ly  increaiir.g. 
It  is  furrounded  by  lofty  mountains,  at  the 
foot  of  which  are  many  cottages  and  farms; 
it  abounds  in  lifh,  chiefly  tench,  barbel,  and 
dace,  with  fume  large  trout.  The  emperor 
Claudius  to  drain  this  lake  employed,  ac- 
cording to  Suetonius,  30,000  men  eleven 
years,  to  convey  the  water  into  the  Liris, 
now  the  Garigliano;  and  the  emilTary,  or 
under-ground  canal,  conftrufted  for  the 
purpofe,  yet  remains  nearly  entire,  though 
filled  with  earth  and  rubbifh  in  many  parts, 
v/hich  renders  it  now  ufelefs;  but  in  the 
opinion  of  Sir  William,  it  is  capable  of  being 
cleaned  and  repaired.  16  miles  W.  Sul- 
monay  i^  S.  Aquila.  Long.  13.  37.  E.  Lat. 
42.  6.  N. 

Celano,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs  into 
the  gulf  of  Tarcnto,  Long.  16.  53.  E.  Lat. 
39.  39.  N. 

Celebes,  an  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  Indian 
Sea,  of  an  irregular  fhape,  about  500  miles 
long,  and  aoo  broad  ;  called  by  the  natives 
and  Malays,  Negree  Oran  Buggefs,  and 
fometimes  Tanna  MacafTar.^  It  is  divided 
into  lix  ftates  or  kingdoms,  viz.  Goa,  Bony, 
Wajoo,  Sopin,  Selindrin,  and  Mandar.  Goa 
extends  a  confiderable  way  along  the  wdt 
and  fouth,  and  contains,  befides  MacalTar, 
two  Dutch  forts,  Bontyn  and  Bulo  Cumbo. 
The  government  is  monarchical,  and  the 
king  is  called  Karuang,  and  fometimes  Ra- 
jah Goa.  Bony  or  Pony  is  lituated  to  the 
caft  of  Goa,  entirely  under  the  influence  of 
the  Dutch,  and  is  governed  by  a  prince 
called  Pajong,  who  is  ele^ed  for  life  by 
fcvcn  Orancayos  or  nobles.  Wajoo,  or 
Warjoo,  or  Tuad-ioo,  is  lituated  to  the 
north  of  Bony,  and  is  governed  by  a  prince 
eleded  for  life  by  the  Orancayos.  Sopin  is 
lituated  in  the  center  of  the  ilLnd,  towards 
the  eaftern  fide,  to  the  eaft  of  Bony.  Sehn- 
drin  isof  fmallconfideration,  and  is  htu.ucd 
to  the  norih-wcft  of  Sopin.  Mandcr  lies 
on  the  w'.'lt  and  north-weft  coaft.     The 


C  E  L. 

Dutch  in  their  quarrels  with  the  Buggefies, 
have  always  played  off  one  power  againll 
another,  and  have  long  loft  all  confidence 
with  the  natives  in  general.     They  keep 
what  they  poflcfs  on   Celebes   chiefly  on. 
account  of  its  being  the  weft  frontier  to  the 
Spice  Iflands,  and  feeni  afraid  of  extending 
their  commerce  fo  much  as  they  might,  for 
fear  of  innovation  of  fentiment  among  the 
natives ;  or  rather,  wifh  to  difcourage  their 
commercial  exertions,  which  formerly  were 
very  confiderable.     The  Dutch  have  alfb 
the  addrefsto  make  the  places  held  by  them 
on  Celebes,  not  only  maintain  themfelves, 
but  produce  a  clear  profit,  from  trade  and 
tribute  in  gold,  wax,  rice,  fago,  flaves,  &c. 
The  fupreme  government  of  Batavia  fuppHes 
the  different  fettlem.ents  with  the  cloths  of 
Hindoofl:an,  at  2,3i  advance  on  the  prime 
coft  ;  whatever  thefe  cloths  fell  for  more  is 
the  profit  of  their  fervants:  they  alfo  fell   a 
great  deal  of  Bengal  opium,  Porto-novo  blue 
and   white  cloth,  fine  Bengal   coflaes  and 
hummums,  and  much   iron,  fteel,  and  cut- 
lery.    The  inhabitants  of  Celebes  are  very 
indiiflrious,  weaving  a  deal  of  cotton  cloth, 
generally  cambays,  which   they  export  to 
all   Malay   countries ;   it  is   red  chequered 
and  mixed  with  blue  ;  they  alfo  make  beau- 
tiful lllk  belts,  ia  which  they  fix  their  creffes. 
The  laws  of  Celebes  are  adminiftered  ac- 
cording to  old  cuftoms  handed  down  from 
their  anceftors,  and  retained  in  the  memory 
of  their  old  men,  (Oran  Tuo  ;)  and  many 
are  committed  to  wiitlng  in  Goa,  Warjoo, 
Bony,  and  Mander,  and  confidercd  as  the 
law  of  the  land;  indubious  cafes  they  refer 
to  the  koran,  if  applicable.    Their  religion 
is  Mahometan,  with  a  cufTiom  if  a  man  mar- 
ries his  equal,  he  takes  bat  one  vvifc^,  if  bebAV 
him,  he  may  take  four.     The  gold  of  Ce- 
lebes is  generally  gotfh)m  the  bed  of  riveis 
and   torrents;  and  there  are  many  fprings 
iiTuing  from  crevices   of  rocks  that  bring 
fome  little  gold  along  with  the  water,  which 
running  through  a  veflel  bottomed  with  fand, 
leaves  its  treaiure  behind.     The  heat  of  this 
illand  would  be  excefiive  if  it  were  not  mo- 
derated by  the  abundant  rains  which  fall,  as 
tlicy  fay,  regularly  fame  days   before  and 
after^  the  fnll  moon.    The  vapours  which 
rife  from  the  mines  of  gold  and  copper,  and 
thole   which   are   cauled  by.  the   alternate 
rain  and  heat,  would  render  the   air  very 
unwholefomj,  if  t!ie  north  winds  did  not 
frcc;uently  purity  it:  thefe  winds   produce 
terrible  tcmpeils  and  thunder.     In  the  cen- 
tre of  the  ifland  are  mountains,  almoft  in- 
accelfible,  in  which  are  found  quarries  of 
excellent  Itone  and  marble,  mines  of  gold, 
copper,  and  tin.    Some  of  the  provinces  are 
covered  with  trees,  ebony,  fandal,  and  other 
wo;jds  uled  fmr  dying;  carpenters'-wood  is 
very  coaimon,  and  bamboos  of  .u  lizefit  for 


.      C  E  L 

boats.    The  trees  are  always  green,  fruit 
and  flowers  in  all  feafons,  jafmines,  rofes, 
carnations,  and  other  beautiful  flowers,  grow 
without  culture;    orange-trees  and   citrons 
fliade  the   plains,   with  mangoes,  bananas, 
and  other  fruits;  cotton-trees  cover  the  ex- 
tenfive  plains.     It  produces  no  fpice  except 
pepper:  the  inhabitants  raife  a  great  num- 
ber of  cattle ;  the  oxen  are  larger  than  thofe 
of  Europe.    In  the  fbrefts  are  Targe  herds  of 
deer,  wild  hogs,  and  a  great  variety  of  mon- 
kies,  large  and  ferocious;  fome  with  tails, 
and  fome  without;  feme  walking  upon  their 
four  legs,  others  upon  two;  the  largeft  and 
moft  dangerous  are  the  white,  efpecially  to 
women,  whom  they  feize  and  tear  to  pieces. 
The  chief  enemies  of  the  monkies  are  fer- 
pents,  which  are  continually  in  purfuit  of 
them;  the  larger  fwallowing  them  whole; 
the   fmaller  employ  art  and  cunning  to  en- 
fnare  them;  perched  upon  a  tiee,  they  make 
a   hiding  nolle,    which   draws  the  curious 
apes  to  find  the  caufe,  when  the  ferpentfud- 
dcnly  feizes  on  his   prey,  and  drinks   his 
blood.  Anciently,  the  inhabitants  confidered 
the  fun  and  the  moon  as  their  gods ;  at  pre- 
fent  they  pretend  to  be  Mahometans.     No 
place  is  iurniflied  with  a  greater  variety  of 
poifons  ;  and   the  natives,   it  is  faid,  ifudy 
which  will  have  the  moft  fpeedy  operation: 
their  darts,  which   are  dipt   in  poifon,  give 
inftant  death  ;  travellers  lay,   that  even  if 
a   limb  be   cut  off  immediately  after  the 
wound  is  received,  it  will  not  fave  the  pa- 
tient's life.    The  Dutch  have  fortified  this- 
ifland,  as  a  barrier  againft  all  nations  that 
may  attempt  to  vilit  the  other  iflands  where 
cloves  and   nutmegs  grow.     The  principal 
articles  v/hich  the  Dutch  obtain  from  this 
ifland,  are  rice,  gold,  ivory,  deals,  and  fandal 
wood;  cotton,  camphor,  ginger,  long  pe])- 
per,  and   pearls:  they  carry  thither  fcarJet 
cloth,  gold  and  iilver  ftuffs,  linens  of  Cam- 
bray,  tin,  copper,  iron,  I'uap,  and  aflafo:;tida. 
This  ifland  is  alfo  called  Macaflar,  from  a 
town  of  that  name  in  the  fouthern  part  of 
the  ifland.    Long.  ii8.  40.  to  124.  15.  E. 
LaL  I.  20.  N.  to  5.  40.  S. 

Celenito,  a  river  of  Calabria,  which  runs 
into  the  gulf  of  Tarento,  Long.  16.56.  E. 
Lat.  39.  39.  N. 

CeL'/iza,  a  tov/n  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Citra.     12  miles  E.  Civita  Borello. 

Cclcnza,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Capitanata. 
5  miles  NW.  La  Volturara. 

Celcttc,  a  town  of  France  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loir  and  Cher.  4  m.  S.  Blois. 

Cellar  Dykes.,  'X  decayed  town  of  Scot- 
land, in  the  county  of  Fife,  on  the  fritii  c;f 
Forth,  between  Crail  andKilrenny,  formerlv 
a  ii(hing-tnwn  of  confiderable  fize,  having 
50  large  boats,  each  carrying  fix  men,  bf- 
loPig'.ng  to  it ;  and  uj^wards  ot  tv.'cnty  fmalJ 
brewhoui'es. 


C  E  N 


CEP 


Cellar  Head,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
the  illind  of" Lewis.  Lovg.  6.  lo.  W.  Lai. 
58.^26.  N. 

Cflle,  or  MariA:  Celle,  a  town  of  Lower 
Stiria,  on  the  confines  of  Auftria,  with  a 
celebrated  abbey,  to  which  t'-.e  Emprefs 
Maria  Tercfa  preiented  a  (ilyer  image  of  the 
Virgin,  after  the  birth  of  the  Emperor  Jo- 
leph  IL     I  a  miles  N.  Pruck. 

Cdjc,  a  lown  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Two  Sevres.     10  m.  SE.  Niort. 

Celle  fur  Thiers,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
dep  irtment  of  the  Puy-de-D6me.  6  miles 
E.  Thiers. 

CeHefrouin,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Charente.  9  miles  N.  La 
Rochefoucault. 

CelL'ut,  A.  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia. 
8  miles  N.  .Manreia. 

CeHerftld,  H-e  Zelkrfeld. 

Ceil'in'j,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     7  miies  E.  Teramo. 

Celii/io,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
ofOtranto.     10  miies  E.  Oria. 

Celine,  a  town  cf  Spain,  in  Galicia,  on  the 
river  Lima.     18  miles  S.  Montefura. 

Celo7iza,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Capitanata. 
5  miles  NW.  Vokurara. 

Celo,  a  fmall  iiland  in  the  Adriatic,  near 
the  coait  of  Iftria.  Long.  14.  7.  E.  Lat. 
44- 55- N. 

CeloricOi  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira,  which  contains  three  churches, 
and  about  iioo  inhabitants.  9  miles  NW. 
Guarda. 

Celfa,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Citra.     25  miles  SW.  Cangiano. 

Cenani,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Cyprus.     14  miles  NE.Famagufta. 

CenapaUuu,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  the 
Myfote  country.  34  miles  NE.  Seringapa- 
tam,  23  SW.  Bangalore. 

Cence;:ighe,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Bel- 
lunefe.     25  miles  WNW.  Belluno, 

Ceneda,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Trevifan, 
the  fee  ofabiilicp,  fuffragan  ofUdina.  This 
town  was  deilroyed  by  the  Huns  and  the 
Goths.  20  miles  N.  Trevigio.  Long.  12. 
20.  E.  Laf.AS'  S^-  N. 

Cenequenga,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  St.  Martha,  ao  miles  E.  St 
Mavtlia. 

Cenia,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Mediterranean,  8  miles  NE.  Penifcola. 
It  feparates  the  provinces  of  Catalonia  and 
Valencia  in  its  courfe. 

Cenis,  (Mount),  a  part  of  the  Cottian 
Alps,  which  feparates  the  marquifate  of 
Sufa  from  Maurienne. 

Cenizas,  a  linall  ifland  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  near  the  coaft  of  New  Albion,  a 
miles  WNW.  Point  Zuniga. 

Ce}2o,  or  Zeno,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs 
into  the  Taro,  8  miles  SSW.Purma. 


Cenotaph  I/land,  an  ifland  in  Port  Fran- 
^ais,  fo  called  by  Capt.  Peroiife  on  account 
of  a  monument  ereded  there  in  memory  of 
an  unfortunate  accident  of  two  boats  belong- 
ing to  the  two  veflels  being  wrecked,  and 
the  officers  and  crews  drowned  to  the  num- 
ber of  20  in  the  whole.  The  ifland  is  lituatcd 
about  ,5  miles  from  the  entrance  of  the  port. 

CentallOf  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  theStura.  In  November  1799,  the 
French  were  defeated  lure  by  die  Aullriani. 
4  miles  N.  Coni. 

Ccntcllat,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia. 
10  miles  S.  Vique. 

Cer.tinel,  (Great  and  Little,)  two  iflands 
in  the  Eaftern-Indian  lea,  the  former  18 
miles  W.  from  the  Great  Andaman  :  Long. 
92.  .:o.  E.  Lat.  II.  35.  N.  The  latter  21 
miles  NW.from  the  Little  Andaman:  Long. 
92.  27.  E.  Lat.  II.  N. 

Cento,  a  tov/n  of  Italy,  and  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Reno,  furrounded 
with  an  earthern  rampart  and  a  ditch.  It 
is  the  native  place  of  Cxfar  Cremonm,  a 
celebrated  philofopher,  and  Francis  Barberi, 
generally  called  II  Gucrcino  de  Cento,  a 
famous  painter.  14  miles  SW.  Ferrara,  13 
NNW.  Bologna.  L.ong.  11.  17.  E.  Lat. 
44.  43. N. 

Cento  Pozzl,  a  tov/n  of  Naples,  in  the 
province  of  Bari.     3  miles  N.  Matera. 

Centorhi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of 
Demor.a,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  JEtna,  near 
which  is  found  a  ftone  which  di/Iolves  in 
water  like  foap.  This  was  anciently  one  of 
the  richeft  cities  in  Sicily,  and  called  Cen- 
turipe.     29  miles   WNW.  Catania. 

Centovalli,  a  town  of  SwilTerland,  in  the 
bailiwic  of  Locarno,  ii  miles  WNW. 
Locarno. 

Ce?itron,  a  village  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mont  Blanc,  formerly  die  capi- 
tal tov/n  of  a  people  called  Centrones.  3 
miles  ENIZ.  Monftier. 

Centuri,  a  leaport  of  the  ifland  of  Corfica. 
17  miles  N.  Baliia.  Long.  9.  31.  E.  Lat. 
42.  53.  N._ 

Centuroja,  a  town  of  Walachia,  on  the 
Oltez.     20  miles  NE.  Krajova. 

Cephalon'ia,  a  confiderable  iiland  in  the 
Mediterranean,  near  the  coa'/c  of  Livadia  to 
the  north-eaft,  and  near  the  coaft  of  Morea 
to  the  iijuth-caff:,  oppo'ite  to  the  gulf  of 
Lepanto ;  about  40  miles  in  length,  and 
from  10  to  20  in  breadth.  It  was  anciently 
called  Simos  and  Epiius  Meiauna.  It  has 
been  fubjed  to  the  Venetians  from  the  year 
1449.  Tiie  chief  articles  of  commerce  are 
oil,  niufcadine  wine,  and  a  Ipccies  of  grape 
called  curr.mts.  The  air  is  very  warm,  the 
trees  are  covered  with  flowers  all  tlie  winter, 
and  bear  ripe  fruit  twice  a  year,  in  April  and 
November;  but  thole  which  grow  in  the 
latter   month  arc  lm;UJcr  than  the  others. 


C  E  R 


C  E  R 


Corn  is  fown  in  the  winter,  and  reaped  in 
June  Bv  the  treaty  of  Campo  Formio  this 
iflar.  i  \v  given  to  the  French,  from  whom 
it  was  taken  in  September  1799,  by  the 
fleets  of  Ruflia  and  Turkey ;  and  foon  after- 
Wriii-  torn. cd  with  Zante,  Corfu,  Cerigo, 
Teaki,  Leucadia,  and  Curzola,  into  the  re- 
public of  the  Seven  Jflands.  Lofig.  ao.  40. 
to  21. 18.  E.  Lai.  38.  to  38  28.  N. 

Cephalonia,  the  capital  of  the  ifland  fo 
called  ;  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  unitedr-ta  Zante. 
This  town  was  much  damaget^  by  an  earth- 
qu;;ke  in  the  year  1766.  Long.  ao.  59.  E. 
i.^;.  38.  2 O.N. 

Cepi,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  on  the 
Vveft  coaft  of  Natolia.  In  866,  the  Emperor 
Michael  had  his  uncle  Bardus  aflaflmated  at 
this  place.     2  miles  NW.  Mileis. 

Cepia,  a  town  of  iRria.     4  m.  S.  Pedena. 

Cepita,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe  of 
La  Paz,  on  the  weft  coall  of  lake  Titiaca. 
60  miles  NW.  La  Paz. 

C:'ph:o,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  th.e  Valtelin. 
3  miles  SW.  Bormio. 

Cera,  an  iflanJ  in  the  Eaftern  Indian  fea, 
about  24  miles  in  circumference  wtil  of  Ti- 
morlaut.    Ztf«^.  131.45.  E.     Z.?/.  7.  20.  N. 

Ceraligur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     15  miles  SSW.  Calberga. 

Ceram,  an  ifland  in  the  Ealtern-Indian 
fea,  about  150  miles  long,  and  60  broad. 
It  is  luppofed  to  contain  30,000  fighting 
men  ;  but  the  internal  parts  are  little  known. 
Along  the  coaifs,  the  Dutch  have  had  in- 
lluence  and  power  enough  to  deit^oy  the 
clove  trees  of  the  illand,  which  would  eife 
yield  a  quantity  fufhcient  to  lower  the 
price.     Long.  128.  to  i^i.  E.  Lat.  2.48.  to 

Ceramlaut,  an  ifland  of  the  Eafl:ern  In- 
dian lea,  near  the  ifland  of  Ceram,  about  5 
miles  long,  and  hardly  3  wide,  mountainous 
and  uninhabited.  It  has  a  bay  on  the  north 
coaft.     Z(7?;^.  131.  20.  E.   Lat.  3.30.  S. 

Ccrati,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  province 
of  Otranto.     6  miles  N.Lecce. 

Cerhatosy  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Leon.     22  miles  NNW.  Palencia. 

Cerboll,  a  fmall  ifland,  or  rather  rock,  in 
the  Mediterranean,  near  the  .coaif  of  Etruria, 
a  litde  to  the  north  of  the  ifland  of  Elba. 
Long.  9.  35.  E.  Lat.  42.  .51.  N. 

Cereal,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Canara. 
24  miles  N.  Mangalore. 

Cercer.aJ'cc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Stura.  z  miles  N.  Saluzzo, 
21  SSW.  Turin. 

Cercharo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     6  miles  NNE.  Caflano. 

C^'/'c/'/c,','-/,  a  river  ot-  Maples,  which  runs 
into  the  guh  of  Tarentu,  9  m.  ENE.  CafTano. 

drcoil,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  Myfore. 
18  miles  NW.  Dalmachery. 

Ctrcy  la  Tour,  a  town  of  Erance,  in  the 


department  of  the  Nyevre.    8  miles  ENE. 
Fe-ife. 

Cerdagnc,  La,  a  country  on  the  Pyrenees, 
fituated  pardy  in  Spain,  in  the  province  of 
Catalonia  ;  and  partly  in  France,  in  what 
was  formerly  called  RoulFdlon  ;  Puycerda 
is  the  capital  of  the  former,  as  Mont  Louis 
was  of  the  latter, 

Cerdon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ain.  la  miles  SE.  Bourg  en 
Brefle. 

Cerca,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  the  Mincio,  A  battle  was  fought  here 
in  Auguft  1796,  betvvfeen  the  Auftnans  and 
the  French,  in  which  the  latter  kept  the 
field.  The  Auifrians  loit  100  men  killed, 
and  250  priioners.  4  miies  W.  Legnano,  18 
E.  Mantua. 

Ccrc7i:udgc,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Coimbetore.     10  miles  S.  Damicotta. 

Cerencei^  or  Cerance,  a  town  ot  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Channel.  7  miles 
S.  Coutances. 

Cerens,  a  town  of  Franqe,  In  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sarte.     10  miles  S.  Le  Mans. 

Cerenza,  or  Gerenza,  a  town  of  Naples, 
{Ituated  on  a  rock,  in  Calabria  Citra,  the  fee 
of  a  bifhop,  united  to  Cariah,  fuffragan  of 
St.  Sevcrina.  30  miles  E.  Cofenza,  30  S. 
Roflkno.     Lovg.  17.  4.E.  Lat.  39.  20.  N. 

CercJ'-jla,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Dora.     15  miles  S.  Aofla. 

Cersfola,  a  town  of  iialy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mincio.     13  m.  NW.  Mantua. 

Ccrt'fohla,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de^ 
paitment  of  the  Scrio.  \%  miles  NNW. 
Bergamo. 

CV/T^jatovyn  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eafl  Pyrenees,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diltrid,  on  the  river  Tech, 
over  which  is  a  bridge  of  one  arch,  fuppofecl 
to  be  the  highelt  and  boldeft  in  France  :  it 
contams  about  1900  inhabitants.  It  was 
here  that  th.e  commiilioners  of  France  and 
Spain  met  in  the  year  166,0,  to  fettle  the 
bounds  of  the  two  kingdoms.  A  battle  was 
fought  near  this  town  between  the  French 
and  Spaniards  on  the  ift  of  May  1794,  in 
which  the  latter  were  defeated,  with  the  lofs 
of  their  camp,  magazines,  equipage,  200 
pieces  of  cannon,  and  2000  prifbners.  15 
miles  SW.  Perpignan.  Zc?/;^'-,  2.50.E.  Lat. 
4a.s8.N. 

Cerczo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile. 
ao  miles  E.  Burgos. 

Ceri,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
Patrimonio.  13  m.  W.  Rome,  13  E.  Civita 
Vecchia. 

Ctrigat,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Calicut. 
18  miles  W.  Palicaudchery. 

Cerigliano,  or  Cigliano,  a  town  of  Naples, 
in  Bafihcata.     10  miles  S.  Tricarico, 

Ccrigjuuw,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Pole- 
lino  de  Rovigo.    6  miles  ESE.  Rovigo. 


C  E  R 

Ccngneo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  8 
miles  N.  Udina. 

Cerignola,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Caplta- 
nata ;  remarkable  for  a  vidory  obtained 
here  in  the  year  1503,  by  Gonf.ilvo,  gener- 
ally calleil  the  gre.it  captain,  over  the  Duke 
of  Nemours,  who  was  flain  in  the  com- 
mencement of  t!ie  battle.  It  contains  about 
12,000  inhabitants,  ao  miles  S.  Manfredo- 
ria,  ^^  E.  Benevento.  Long.  15. 56.  E. 
Lat.  41.  13  N. 

Cerigo,  an  iOand  in  the  Mediterranean, 
formerly  well  known  by  the  name  of 
Cythera,  feparated  from  Morea  by  a  narrow 
llrait :  it  is  dry  and  mountainous,  and  pro- 
duces neither  corn,  wine,  nor  oil,  fufficicnt 
for  tiie  inhabitants  ;  yet  fome  of  the  vallies 
are  fertile;  fheep,  hares,  quails,  turtles,  and 
falcons,  are  abundant.  It  is  about  21  miles 
in  circumference,  and  ferves  as  a  rendezvous 
for  pirates.  This  ifland  was  ceded  to  France 
by  the  treaty  of  Campo  Formio,  and  was 
taken  from  them  by  the  united  fleets  of 
Ruffia  and  Turkey ;  and  joined  with  fix 
other  iflands  to  form  the  republic  of  the 
Seven  Iflands.  Long.  z%.  54.  E.  Lat.  36. 
a8.N. 

Cerigo,  a  town  fituated  on  the  weflern 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cerigo,  defended  by  a 
caftle,  fituated  on  a  fharp  rock,  furrounded 
by  the  lea,  with  a  fmall  harbour.  It  is  the 
lee  of  a  Greek  bifhop.  Long,  22.  54.  E. 
i^/.  36.  aS.N. 

Cerigotto,  a  fmall  ifland,  in  the  Me- 
diterranean, between  Gerigo  and  Candia, 
about  five  miles  in  circumference,  and  unin- 
habited. It  was  anciently  called  iEgilia. 
Long  23. 12.  E.  Lat.  36.  2.  N. 

Csrilly,  d.  tovjn  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftrift,  in  the  department  of 
Allier.     11  miles  S.  Bourges,  7  W.  Moulins. 

Citrines,  a  feaport  of  the  illand  of  Cyprus, 
lituatedon  the  north  coafl,  governed  by  an 
aga  and  a  cadi.  The  country  round  is 
elleemed  the  mofl  fertile  in  the  ifland,  and 
well  v/atered.  The  principal  produdions 
are  barley,  filk,  cotton,  oil,  and  carob  beans: 
part  of  thefe  are  confumed  on  the  fpot ; 
the  reft  are  exported  in  a  number  of  ve/iels 
to  Alexandria.  Cerincs  was  ranked  amongft 
the  number  of  cities  in  the  time  of  the  ortho- 
dox Greek  bilhops.  Cyrus  the  Great,  fays 
Liifignan,  having  triumphed  over  the  9  love- 
reigns  who  had  divided  the  kingdomamongll 
them,  laid  the  foundations  of  Cerines.  Xe- 
pophoQ  fpcaks  o£  this  prince's  victory,  yet 
makes  no  mention  of  his  building  this  city  : 
neverthelefs  the  ruins  of  edifices,  and  the 
remains  of  v/a!!s,  which  are  certainly  of 
very  remote  antiquity,  are  ftill  to  be  feen 
in  the  neighbourhood.  The  citadel  of  Ce- 
rines is  built  on  an  immenie  rock,  near  the 
fea  (horc.  It  is  as  ancient  as  the  town  ;  but 
it  was  fortified  and  enlarged  by  the  Lulig- 


C  E  R 

nans.  The  entrance  of  it  is  forbid  to  Eu- 
ropeans ;  and  the  rcftlcfs  jealoufy  of  tl  c 
Turks  never  fuffers  them  even  to  approach 
its  walls.  The  fituation  of  this  citadel  is 
very  unfavourable,  as  it  is  furrounded  by 
mountains,  v.'hich  are  diftant  from  it  only  a 
mile  and  a  half.  King  James,  however,  na- 
tural fon  of  King  John,  v.  as  not  able  to  take 
it,  though  he  befieged  it  two  years,  and 
during  that  time  made  feveral  afHiults  aga'nft 
it ;  nor  did  he  get  poffeliion  of  it  till  J4()2, 
by  the  treachery  of  Sor  dc  Naves,  v/ho  held 
the  command  of  it  from  Queen  Charlotte, 
the  lawful  heirefs  to  the  kingdom  oFCyp:us. 
In  1570,  the  citadel  of  Cerines  furrendeied 
without  refiftancc  to  the  vidorious  aims  of 
Selim.  The  Venetians  formerly  placed  1  ere 
a  governor  and  a  captain,  with  a  compjrny 
of  50  men.  At  prclent  it  is  occupied  l,y  a 
fimple  difdaer.  Clofe  to  the  citadel  is  a 
harbour,  or  rather  bay,  which  is  fcarcely 
capable  of  containing  two  or  three  vefTels  ; 
all  thofc  who  are  going  to  or  coming frcra 
Caramania,  embark  here.  The  diltance, 
which  is  only  21  or  24  miles,  aficrds  great 
ad\'antages  to  the  inhabitants;  as  letteis 
from  Conllantinopie,  and  from  differentpai  ts 
of  Europe,  are  conveyed  to  them  by  this 
route  in  a  very  fliort  time ;  two  French 
packet-boats  have  been  effablifhed  for  th;  t 
purpofe.  Veflels  that  come  to  this  port  to 
take  in  cargoes  of  carob-beans,  keep  at  the 
diltance  of  three  miles  from  the  fhore  :  ;  s 
the  roads  are  bad,  it  is  dangerous  to  enttr 
them  except  in  fummer.  The  coaft  of  Ca- 
ramania may  be  feen  here  fiom  the  fca- 
fhorc  ;  and  in  the  night  time  one  can  plainly 
diftinguifa  the  fires  made  by  pafi^engers,  r^s 
a  fignalto  the  packet-boats,  when  they  hap- 
pen to  be  both  at  the  illand.  16  miles  NW. 
Nicofia.     Long.  :is.  ^5.  E.  Lui.  t,s-  30.  N. 

Cerino,  a  town  of  It;dy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Serio.     13  miles  N£.  Berganx,, 

Cerifano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     4  miles  W.  Cofenza. 

Cerifay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  tlic  Two  Sevres.  6  miles  SSE.  Cha- 
tillon  fur  Seine. 

Cerifiers,  a  tov/n  of  Franc;,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Yonne.  16  miles  NNW. 
St.  Florentin. 

Cerifola,  a  village  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment ofthe  Po.  In  1544,  a  battle  was 
fought  here  between  the  French  under  the 
command  of  the  Duke  of  Vendome,  and 
the  Imperialifts  under  the  Marquis  of  Guaif  c^, 
v/hen  the  latter  were  defeated,  with  the  lols 
of  2000  men,  and  the  baggage  and  artillery. 
5  miles  E.  Carmagnola. 

CsriJii,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ipent  of  the  Channel.     7  miles  N£.  St  Lo. 

Cerify  la  Salle,  a  town  of  France,  in  tic 
department  of  the  Channel.  6  miles  E. 
Coutances. 


C  E  R 

Cerlser,  fee  Erlaco. 

Cerna,  a  river  of  Piedmont,  which  runs 
into  the  Sefia,  3  miles  NW  Vercelli. 

Cernachet  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.     4  miles  S.  Coimbra. 

Cernay,  a  town  of  France,  in  tiie  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Rhine.  15  miles  NE. 
Befort.  .  _ 

Cernay-en-Dor7i!a!Si  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Marne.  10  miles  N. 
St.  Menchold. 

Cerne,  or  Cerne  Abbas,  or  Cerne  Abbey,  a 
town  of  England,  in  the  county  of  Dorfet, 
fo  called  from  an  abbey,  of  wliicli  only  the 
porter's  lod^e  remains  :  this  town  haS  long 
been  celebrated  for  its  ft/on^  beer.  It  has 
a|market  on  Wtdnefdays.  On  the  north 
lide  of  the  town,  on  a  chalky  hill,  is  the 
figure  of  a  giant,  faid  to  repreient  Ceijric, 
fon  of  Cutlued  king  of  Wdfex,  who  was 
killed  in  the  year  748.  8  miles  N.Dorches- 
ter, lai  W.  London. 

Canietz,  a  town  of  SwilTerland,  in  the 
Lower  Enghadine,  with  a  mineral  fpring. 
24  miles  SE.  Coire. 

Cermri,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
r.ient  of  the  Marne.  8  miles  S.  Chalons  fur 
Marne. 

Cerrnc,  a  town  of  Morocco.     7  m.  Safia. 
Cerny,  a  town  of  Fiance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Seine  and  Oife.     7  miles  E. 
Eftampes. 

Cero,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Veronefe. 
6  miles  NNE.  Verona. 

Ceroenva,  a    fmail  ifland  in  the  Eaftern 
Indian  fea.   Long.  130. 16.  E.  Lat.  6.  12.  S. 
Ccron,  one    of  the  Calamianes  Illands. 
Long.  130.  2 I.E.  Lat.  12.  N. 

Ceronefo,  a  town  of  the  iiland  of  Candia, 
on  the  north  coaft.     20  miles  E.  Candia. 

Ceroii,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Aveiron . 

CcTreto,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
province  of  Umbria.     10  miles  E.  Spoleto. 

Cerrito,  or  Cerrero,  a  town  of  Naples, 
in  Lavora,  the  refidence  of  the  biflrop  of 
Tclefa ;  with  a  cathedral,  a  collegiaie 
church,  and  three  convents.'  18  milesNNW. 
liencvento,  5  NNE.  Tclefa. 

Cirro,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment ot  the  Sorio.     6  miles  SW.  Bergamo. 

Cerro  tie  Nevcido,  a  town  of  Chili.  90 
miles  E.  ConccpiioK.  Long.  -ji.  30.  W. 
Lat.  36.54.S. 

Ccrrcs,  an  ifland  in  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  lituaied  in  an  extenlive  bay,  on  the 
fuaft  of  Calitbrni;;,  about  6c  miles  in  cij  cum- 
iticuce.  The  iouthcrn  part  of  the  iiland, 
which  is  the  higheil',  is  occupied  by  the 
bale  of  a  very  remarkable  and  loity  peak-.d 
'  mountain,  that  defceuds  in  a  very  peculiar 
riigged  manner,  and  by  proje^fling  into  the 
f»-a,  forms  the  fouth-welt  end  oi  the  iflanil 
i.,i;o  i  iow  rocky  craggy  point;  this  feemed, 


G  E  S 

like  the  other  part  of  the  iflsnd,to  be  deftitute 
of  trees,  and  nearly  fo  of  all  other  vegeta- 
ble produdions.  The  peaked  mountain  is 
fituated  Long.  244-  58.  E.  Lat.  28.  8.  N. 

Certaldo,  or  Caflro  Caltaldo,  a  town  of 
Etruria,  in  the  territory  oi  Sienna. 

Certcffa,2.  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tefino.     5  miles  N.  P^va. 

Cervaro,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Citra.     9  miles  ENE.  Policaitro. 

Cervaro,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  Adriatic,  Long.iS.^.  Z-^/.  41.36. N. 

Cervcra,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs 
into  the  Segre  a  little  above  Lerida  in 
Catalonia. 

Cervera,  a  town  of  Spain,  and  capital  of 
a  viguery,  lo  which  it  gives  name,  in  the 
province  of  Catalonia.  Here  is  an  univer- 
iity,  founded  in  1717.  30  miles  N.  Tarra- 
gona, 45  N'W.  Barcelona.  Long.  i.  5.  E. 
Lat.  41.  36.  N. 

Cervera,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Catalonia,  fituated  on  the  coalf  of  the  Me- 
diterranean, between  Rol'as  and  Collioure. 
10  miles  N.  Rofas. 

Cervera,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caflile. 
18  miles  Cuenga. 

Cervera,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Leon,     50  miles  ENE.  Leon. 

Cervera,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile, 
15  miles  SSE.Calahorra. 

Cervctori,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
Patrimonio.     5  miles  S.  Bracciano. 

Cervl,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, near  the  coaft  of  the  Moiea,  on 
the  eaft  fide  of  the  entrance  into  the  gulf  of 
Kolokitia.  6  miles  N.  Cerigo.  Long.  zz. 
55.  E.  Lat.  36.  28.  N.  _ 

Cervia,  a  modern-built  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  department  of  the  Rubicon,  near  the 
Adriatic  lea,  from  whence  canals  are  cut  to 
admit  of  lea  water,  v/hich  is  here  evapo- 
rated, and  great  quantities  of  llilt  made.  It 
is  the  fee  of  a  biihop,  fuffragan  of  Ravenna. 
15  miles  NW.  Rimini,  12  SSE.  Ravenna. 
Long.   12.  19.  E.  Z^7/.  44. 16.  N. 

Cervieres,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  18  miles 
SW.  Roanne. 

Cerv!g!h'J:o,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  5 
miles  S.  Palma  Nuova. 

Cervinara,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Princi- 
pato Ultra.     12  miles  SW.  Benevento. 

Cerv!Of>c,-A  town  of  the  ifland  ot  Corfica. 
20  miles  E.  Cortc. 

Cervon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Nyevre.    3  miles  E.  Corbigny. 

Ccjano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  dcpaitment 
oftheOlona.     5  miles  W.  Milan. 

Cefav.o,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs  into 
the  Adriatic,  6  miles  N  VV.  Senigaglia. 

Ci-farea,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Caianiania.     40  miles  SE.  Yurcup. 

Cejarea  Creek^  or  Cohanjly  Cnik,  a  river 


C  E  V 


C  E  V 


of  New  Jerfey,  which  runs  into  the  Dela- 
ware,    lo  miles  SW.  Bridge  Town- 

Cefimbre,  .a  fmall  illand  in  the  ^-nglifh 
channel,  near  the  co;ift  of  France.  Long. 
I.  59.  W.  Lat.  48.  41.  N. 

Cefaia,  a  town  of  Italvi  in  the  department 
of  the  Rubicon,  late  in  the  province  of  Ro- 
magna,  the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  fuffragan  of 
Ravenna.  18  miles  S.  Ravenna,  35  NNW. 
Urbino.     Long.  12.  13.  E.  1  .at.  44- 9>  N. 

Ccfenatico.,  a  fcaport  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rubicon,  in  the  Adriatic. 
In  Auguft  1800,  this  place  was  bombarded 
by  Capt.  Ricketts,  commander  of  a  Britilh 
floop,  and  the  veffels  in  the  harbour  de- 
ftroyed.  8  miles  N£.  Scfena,  15  SE.  Ra- 
venna.    Long.  13.  21.  E.  Lat.i^n,.  13.  N. 

Cefge,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country  of 
Ambozes,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  del  Rey. 
Cefi,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Umbria,  lituated  on  the  edge  of  a 
lofty  mountain,  or  rock,  expofed  to  the  fun 
from  its  riling  to  its  fetting.  6  miles  N. 
Narni,  10  S.  Spolcto. 

Ccjles,  a  town  of  Hungary.  15  miles 
NNE.,  Stul-Weifenburg. 

Cefono,  a  town  of  Iialy,  in  the  department 
of  the  Mela.    13  miks  N.  Brefcia. 

Ceffduon,  a  town  ot  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Herault.     9  miles  N.  Beziers. 

CeJ/ieux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dcpart- 
menc  of  the  Ifere.     27  miles  ESE.  Lyons. 

Cejlayrols,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Tarn.    9  miles  N.  Alby. 

Cejios,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.^.e,o.  N. 

CeJios  {Little,)  a  river  of  Africa,  which 
runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Lat.  5.  22.  N. 

Cffy,  a  town  of  Pakftine.  6  miles  S. 
Sapher. 

Ceti,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  country  of 
Oman,  near  the  Arabian  gulf.  13  miles 
ESE.Mafcat.  _ 

Cefina,  a  river  of  Dalmatia,  anciently 
called  Tilurus,  v/hich  rifes  about  8  miles  SE. 
Knin,  and  runs  into  the  Adriatic  at  AlmifTa. 
Cetina,  a  town  of  Turkifh  Dalmatia,  on 
a  river  of  the  fame  name.  30  miles  NE. 
Spalatro. 

Ceton,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
merrt  of  the  Orne.     10  miles  SE.  Bellefme. 

Cc'traro,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra,  near  the  coaft.  21  miles  NNW.  Co- 
lenza.     Long^id.  10.  E.  Lat.  39.  2,Z-  N. 

Cette,  a  ieaport  town  of  France,  on  the 
coaft  of  the  Mediterranean,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Herault.  The  canal  ofLanguedoc 
begins  at  this  place.  It  is  fmall,  and  hardly 
contains  700  inlvibicants.  It  is  however  a 
place  of  trade,  and  the  port  of  Montpellier. 
It  v/as  taken  in  1710,  by  a  detachment  of 
troops  fent  to  aifill:  the  inhabitants  of  the  "Ce- 
vcnnes,  then  in  arms  againfl:  Louis  XIV. 
This  detachment  was  commanded  by  Major- 


General  SeilTan,  a  native  ofLanguedoc,  and 
convoyed  by  the  EnglllTi  fleet  under  Sir 
John  Norris;  but  the  Duke  de  Roquelare, 
with  fome  militia,  retook  die  place,  and 
made  about  300  men  prifoners.  14  miles 
SW.  Montpellier,  lo  NE.  Agde.  Long.  3. 
47.E.  Lat.  43.  24.  N. 

Ceva,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Stura,  heretofore  the  capital  of 
a  marquilate,  in  the  principality  of  Pied- 
mont, on  the  Tanaro.  It  is  furrounded  on 
all  fides  with  hills,  at  the  extremity  of  the 
country,  which  extends  from  the  Apennines 
to  the  Tanaro,  and  from  thence  to  the 
northern  part  of  the  Maritime  Alps.-  It 
was  anciently  celebrated  for  its  chccfe,  made 
of  ewes-milk.  This  chcefe,  called  by  the 
Italians  nihiola,  is  much  efl"eemed  even  now, 
and  fold  not  only  into  Piedmont  and  the 
Mllanefe,  but  other  parts  more  diftant.  The 
hills  about  Ceva  likewife  produce  excellent 
wine  ;  great  quantities  of  chefnuts  grow  at 
the  foot  of  the  'mountains,  and  excellent 
truffles  are  found  in  the  neighbouring  plains. 
It  was  formerly  an  independent  ftate,  but  a 
great  part  of  the  domain  w.is  fold  to  the 
town  of  Alii  in  1295,  v.'hence  in  the  year 
ri;3i,  it  came  to  the  houfe  of  Savoy.  It 
was  beiieged  by  the  French  in  1543,  but  the 
enemy  v\^ere  compelled  to  retire  without 
fuccefs.  A  fudden  inundation,  on  the  6th 
of  July  1584,  beat  down  great  part  of  the 
walls,  deftroyed  the  bridges,  houfes,  and 
churches,  and  drowned  a  great  number  of 
the  inhabitants;  and  in  1621:,  and  five  fol- 
lowing years,  a  peftilential  difeafe  carried  off 
the  greater  part  of  the  furvivors.  It  has  one 
collegiate  church,  and  three  convents.  In 
April  1796,  Ceva  was  taken  by  the  French; 
and  in  May  1799,  the  caftle,  with  the  French 
garrifon  of  300  men,  was  taken  by  fome 
infurgents  of  the  country,  who  rofe  in  favour 
of  the  emperor.  40  miles  W.  Genoa,  48 
SSE.  Turin.  Long.  8. 15.  E.  Lat.a^A-  23- N. 
Ceverta,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra,     10  miles  NNE.  Bova. 

Cevio,  a  town  of  Swiflerland.  10  miles 
N.  Locarno.   ' 

Ccnolla,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caftile. 
25  miles  NW.  Toledo. 

Cevora,  a  river  which  rifes  near  Aronches, 
in  Portugal,  and  runs  into  the  Ouadiano 
near  Badajoz  in  Spain. 

Ceuta,  a  fcaport  town  of  Africa,  on  the 
fouth  coaft  of  the  Mediterranean,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Fez,  Ix^longing  to  Spain,  with 
a  good  harbour  for  fmall  veffels;  the  fee  of  a 
bifliop,  fuffragan  ofLifbon.  This  town  was 
taken  from  the  Moors  in  the  year  1409,  by 
John  king  of  Portugal,  and  continued  an- 
nexed to  that  crown  till  the  revolution  m 
the  year  1640,  when  it  fell  to  Spain,  and 
was  finally  ceded  to  that  country  by  the 
treaty  of  Lifbon,  in  16S8.    In  165J,  a  battle 


C  E  Y 


C  E  Y 


v/as  fought  near  this  town  between  the 
Moors  and  the  Spaniards,  in  which  the  for- 
mer were  defeated  with  great  lofs.  It  with- 
Jlood  a  vigorous  liege  againfl  the  Moors  in 
2697.  It  is  fituated  in  the  narroweft  part  of 
the  Mediterranean,  not  above  15  miles  from 
Gibraltar.  Lo?tg.  <{.  11.  W.  Lat,  35.48.N. 
Ceylon,  an  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea,  fituated 
to  the  fouth-eail  of  the  peninfula  of  India, 
from  which  it  is  feparated  by  a  narrow  fea, 
about  60  miles  wide ;  of  an  oval  form,  240 
miles  from  north  to  fouth,  and  v/here  wideft 
13^  from  eail  to  weft.  This  ifland  is  called 
by  the  Arabians  Serendib.  Nothing  of  cer- 
tainty was  known  of  this  ifland  before  the 
12th  century,  when  it  was  difcovered  by  the 
Poftuguefe,  who  traded  and  became  very 
powerful  till  the  middle  of  the  17th  century, 
v/hen  the  Dutch  arrived,  and  by  their  means 
the  Portuguefe  were  expelled.  The  ifland 
K.  exceedingly  fertile,  produces  feveral  kinds 
of  rice,  and  all  the  fruits  of  the  Indies, 
but  the  mofl  valuable  produdion  is  cin- 
Bamon  ;  the  bell  fort  of  which  grows  only 
Iiere.  Other  produdions  are  ginger,  pep- 
per, cardamoms,  fugar,  cotton,  mangoes, 
long  pepper,  &c.  Among  the  trees  is  one 
called  the  talipot,  the  trunk  of  which  refem- 
Hes  a  large  fnaft  crowned  with  long  leaves 
at  the  top,  one  of  which  is  faid  to  be  of  fuf- 
iicent  magnitude  to  cover  fifteen  perfons; 
v/ith  thefe  they  make  tents,  and  cover  their 
toufes ;  this  tree  bears  neither  flower  nor 
fruit  till  it  is  old ;  of  the  pith  the  inhabitants 
make  cakes,  which  have  the  tafte  of  bread. 
The  ketute  has  leaves  like  a  cotton-tree; 
the  bark,  which  is  very  hard,  divides  into 
tlu^eads,  of  which  they  make  ropes.  The 
trunk  is  ftraight,  weak,  and  of^  a  mode- 
yaie  height;  the  wood  is  bkick,  heavy, 
cornpad',  and  fubjeft  to  fplit :  by  wounding 
the  trunk  the  inhabitants  obtain  a  liquor 
refjeffiing,  agreeable,  and  wholelbme,  but 
intoxicating.  The  Bogaha  is  a  large  tree 
v;ith  broad  hanging  le;ives,  continually  in 
motion.  The  inhabitants  of  the  ifland  hold 
thefe  trees  in  great  veneration,  placing  their 
idols  under  them,  and  fiappofc  them  to  be 
the  refidence  of  the  god  Buddou  or  Baoath. 
The  goiunda-gouhah  is  a  tree  which  bears 
the  cinnamon.  This  tree,  which  is  about 
tiie  (ize  of  an  olive,  has  leaves  like  the  lemon 
cr  laurel  tree,  but  not  fo  broad,  and  bears 
winte  fragrant  bloflbms,  and  a  yellowifli 
iiuit,  like  a  fmall  olive,  from  which  they 
prcis  oil  like  that  of  nutn.icgs ;  the  voung 
kavcs  are  red,  and  bruilcd,  fmell  like  cloves. 
Jt  has  a  double  bark;  of  the  outer  they 
ni.'ike  curious  cabinets:  the  inner  rind  they 
peel  oil'  the  tree,  and  cutting  it  in  fquarc 
pieces  lay  it  abroad  in  the  fields,  where  it 
changes  its  adi  colour,  and  (hrinks  up  into 
flic  Imall  rolls  as  we  find  our  cinnamon. 
After  the  iitcs  aie  tliUE  peeled,  ihey  arc  let 


alone  for  three  years,  when  it  is  faid  they 
regain  their  coats.  The  wood  is  very  white, 
and  ufed   for  building ;  while  green,   they 
diftil   out   of  it  a  wholefome  well-fcented 
liquor,   and  another   from  the  root,  which 
fmells  like  the   Urongefl  camphor.      The 
lineft  fort  of  cinnamon  is  taken  from  the 
youngefl:,  or  of  the  middle  growth.    There 
is  a  coarfer  fort,  taken  from  thick  old  trees, 
and  a  baftard  fort,  v/hich  grows  wild,  like 
that  on  the  Malabar  coafl:,   but  of  no  value. 
The  fruit  of  the  cinnamon-tree,  which  is 
ripe  in  September,  is  like  an  acorn,  but  not 
fo  fragrant  as  ttie  bark ;  and  boiled,  it  makes 
a  hard  white  ointment,  like  tallow,  but  of 
better  fmell,  which  they  ufe  for  aches,  and 
burn  in  lamps.     Here  are  alfo  fnake-wood, 
betel-nuts,  and  jackes,   whofe  kernels  are' 
like  chefnuts,  and  fervc  inftead  of  rice,  when 
fcarce.    A  tree  yielding  a  white  thick  gluti- 
nous fubftance,  v/hich  is  ufed  for  bird-lime, 
and  when  mixed  v/ith  rice-flour,  taftes  like 
egs.    The  root-tree,  whofe  branches  turn 
like  ropes  to  the  ground,  where  they  take 
frefh  root,  and  another  fprings  from  thence, 
and  lb  on,  overfpreading  large  trads,  after 
the  manner  of  the  banian-tree.    Among  the 
animals  may  be  reckoned  buffaloes,  hogs, 
goats,  deer,  bears,  tygers,  monkies,  jackals, 
and  elephants,  which  latter  are  coniidered 
the  moll  vaiuable  of  the  Indies.     Here  are 
feveral  fpecles  of  ants,  which  devour  almolt 
every  thing  they  come  near,  and  build  up 
hills  with  fo  much  firmnefs  as  fcarcely  to  be 
levelled  with  pickaxes ;  the  poultry  feed  on 
them.    Bees  are  of  feveral  forts.     Among 
the  birds  are  peacocks,  parrots,  a  black-bird 
called  Carlos,  as  large  as  a  fwan,  which  never 
lights  on   the  ground,  but   always   fits  on 
trees,  with  fiiort  legs,  large  head,  and  long 
bill ;  partridges,   woodcocks,   fnipes,   fpar- 
rows,  &c.     Many  ferpents  are  found  here, 
fome  of  which  are  faid  to  be  of  an  uncom- 
mon fize.     Here  are  mines  of  gold,  (ilver, 
and  other  metals,  but  only  thofe  of  iron  are 
permitted  to  be  wrought.    Precious  flones 
are  found  of  feveral  forts,  as  fapphires,  to- 
pazes, hyacintlis,  turquoifes,  and  the  finell 
rubies  in  the  world.  The  ifland  was  formerly 
divided  into  feveral  kingdoms,  but  is  now 
laid  to  be  under  one  moaaicli.     The  inland 
parts  are  but  little  known.     Candi  js  faid  to 
be  the  capita).    The  Dutch  had  long  been 
in  poffcflion  of  feveral  of  the  principal  towns 
on  the  fea  coafl,  till  the  year  1795,  when  an 
attack  was  made  by  theEnglilh,  upwn  their 
chief  fettlements,  which  proved  fuccefsful; 
and  by  the  peace  of  Amiens  the  conquerors 
were  left  in  pofle'lion. 

Ceyrns,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Herault.     7  miles  E.  Lodcve. 

(jcyji'rc'at,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ain.  4  miles  ESE.  Bjur^j 
tn  Brclic. 


..  i\  A 

Ctyfcr'icuy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  AIn.     5  miles  N.  Belloy. 

Ceylfac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde.     lo  miles  SE.  Blaye. 

Cczan,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gers.     lo  miles  N.  Auch. 

Cizst  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Rhone,  2  miles  W.  Caderouile. 

Cezhnbra,  afmall  feaport  of  Portugal,  on 
the  Atlantic.     10  miles  W.  Setuval. 

Cczy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Yonne.     3  miles  NW.  Joigny. 

Cha,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third  rank 
in  Fo-kien.     25  miles  SSV/.  Yen-ping. 

,Cha-tcheou,  a  town  of  A(ia,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Thibet.  160  miles  SSE.  Hami.  Long. 
96.  17.  E.  l.at.  40.  22.  N. 

Chaalons,  fee  Chalons. 

Chabanois,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Charenie.  9  miles  S. 
Confolent. 

Chabeuil,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Drome.     6  miles  SE.  Valence. 

Chabis,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  province 
of  Kerman,  at  the  edge  of  a  defert,  on  the 
confines  of  Scgeflan.     115  m,  NE.Sirgian. 

Chablais,  ( Dtitchy  of,)  late  a  province 
of  Savoy,  which  Itrctches  along  the  fouthern 
bank  of  the  Like  of  Geneva,  as  far  as  the 
Valais,  which  bounds  it  on  the  eafl: ;  on  the 
fouth  it  is  bounded  by  Faucigny,  and  on  the 
well  by  the  republic  of  Geneva.  The  coun- 
try is  mountainous  and  populous.  Chablais 
Avas  given  by  the  emperor  Conrad  Sali  to 
Earl  Humbert,  and  erected  into  a  dutchy  by 
the  emperor  Frederick  II.  It  is  now  united 
to  France,  and  confcitutes  a  part  of  the  de- 
partment oi  the  Leman. 

ChabUr,  a  town  oi  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Yonne,  celebrated  for  its  excel- 
lent white  wine.     9  miles  E.  Auxerre. 

Chahh'-ojka,  a  river  of  Bohemia,  which 
runs  into  the  Elbe  near  Melnick. 

Chab?io,  a  town  of  Poland  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Volhinia.     68  miles  NE.  Zytomiers. 

Chaboru,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ifere.     30  miles  SE.  Lyons. 

Chabotles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment otthe  Higher  Alps.  7  miles  W. 
Gap. 

Chabra  Ifiands,  two  linall  rocky  iflands 
in  a  large  bay  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland 
of  Candia,  called  by  the  Greeks  Paximades. 
Long.  24.  58.  E.     Lat.  34.  50.  N. 

Chabria,  a  tov/n  of  Periia.  60  miles  X2. 
Afterabat. 

Chahtillandy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Drome.     3  miles  W.  Crelt. 

Chabris,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Indre.     22  m.  NNW.  IiFoudun. 
Chacabiico,  a  to v/n  of  Chili.     6 j  miles  E. 
Valparaifo. 

Chaca'hamar,  a  town  of  Chinefe  Tartary. 


CHA 

Chaca-icrgafo,  a  town  of  Thibet.  44 
miles  NNE.  Tchontori. 

Chacanga,  fee  Chlcar.ga. 

Chacanza,  or  Salada,  a  river  of  Peru, 
which  runs  into  the  Pacilic  Ocean,  LaU 
21.  30.  S. 

Chiicao,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  th^ 
ifland  of  Chiloe,  where  the  governor  ufually 
refides.     Long.  74.  16.  W."  Lat.  42.  20.  S. 

Cbacaoj  a  town  on  the  weft  coafl  of  Ma- 
dagafcar.     Z^/.  18.  10.  S. 

C'\Kao,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fca, 
near  the  weft  coaft  of  Madagafcar.  Lat. 
17.  45- S. 

Ckace,  a  town  of  France,  in  tJ-.e  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  3  miles. 
S.  Saumur. 

Chaceivater,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Cornwall,  near  which  are  feveral 
rich  copper  mines,  vv'hich,  within  the  circle 
of  two  miles,  are  faid  to  produce  to  the  va- 
lue of  1 5, cool,  every  month.  5  miles  W. 
Truro,  262  W.  London. 

Chacapoyas,  a  diftrifl  of  South  America, 
in  Peru,  lying  to  the  eaft  of  the  Andes,  with 
a  town  of  the  fame  name,  called  alio  St. 
jfiian  de  la  Frontcra.  There  are  two  or 
three  others. 

Chacapoyas,  or  St.  Juan  dc  la  Front  era, 
a  town  of  Peru,  and  capital  of  a  jurifdiction 
in  the  diocefe  of  Truxillo.  150  miles  NE. 
Truxillo.     Long.yy.zS.W.    Laf. 6. 12. S. 

Chackilla,  atown  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Cordova.  40  miles  NNW.  St. 
Jago  del  Eftero. 

Chacki,  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles  S- 
Ghidore,  64  NW.  Nagore.  Long.  S6.  30. 
E.     Lat.  24.  33.  N. 

Ckaco,  (Le,J  a  province  of  South-Ams^ 
rica,  in  the  vice-royalty  of  Buenos  Avres, 
reckoned  600  miles  long,  and  375  broad, 
on  the  welt  fide  of  the  river  Phita,  and 
bounded  on  the  weft  by  a  chain  of  moun- 
tains. It  is  inhabited  by  many  Indian  nations, 
and  but  littie  known. 

Chacktook  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  North-America,  difcovered  by  Capr. 
Cook  in  1778.  It  is  a  very  open  road,  and 
not  a  fafe  ftation.  It  lies  ibuth  of  No;  tea 
Sound,  between  Cape  Denbigh  and  B-^ftjj- 
rough  Ifland.  Cap:.  Cook  got  fome  drift 
wood  from  the  beach. 

CLu'ultury,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.     25  miles  SW.  Rogonatpour. 

_  Chadaghi,  a  town  of  Pcrl'a,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Farfiftan.    50  miles  W.  Schiras. 

Ckadara,  a  town  of  Algiers,  anciently 
called  Zucchabba,  on  the  Sheriliell.  34 
miles  SW.  Algiers. 

Ckader,  an  liland  of  the  Arabian  Irak, 
formed  by  a  river  running  from  the  Xu- 
phrates  to  the  Pcrfian  gulph,  which  extends 
from  BafTorah  nearly  to  Ei  Catif,  340  mUcs 
iong,  and  J 0  wide. 


CET^ 


C  H  A 


Chafer,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Farliftan.     50  miles  S.Schiras. 

Chagaijj,  or  ChagoKg,  a  town  of  Birmah, 
on  the  Irawaddy,  partly  at  the  foot  ami 
partly  on  the  fide  of  a  hill,  fometinnes  the 
refidence  of  the  king.  This  place  is  cele- 
brated for  its  maniifaflure  of  marble  fta- 
tues  of  Gaudma,  the  deity  of  the  country, 
which  are  not  allowed  to  be  made  ellewhere. 
It  is  likewife  a  mart  for  cotton  exported  to 
China.  It  ftanos  on  the  weft  bank  of  the 
river,  oppofite  Ava. 

Chcgcvita,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe 
of  La  Paz.     25  miles  S.  Oruro. 

C hag  fir  d,  fee  CI- eg  ford. 

Chagnon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
m:nt  of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  18  miles 
S.  Lyons. 

Chagny-,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  10  miles 
NNW.  Chalons  fur  Saone. 

Chcigre,  a  river  of  South-America,  in  the 
ifthmus  of  Darien,  which  runs  into  the  fea, 
30  miles  WSW.  Porto  Bello.  Long.  80.  16. 
W.    /.«/.  9.  17.  N. 

Chahaigtie,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Sarte.  5  miles  NE.  Chateau 
du  Loir. 

Chahert  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus. 
33  miles  ENE.  Nicofia. 

Cha-ho,  a  town  of  China,  in  Pe-tche-li. 
7  miles  S.  Chun-te. 

Cha-ho-tcban,  a  town  of  Cliinefe  Tartary. 
30  miles  SW.  Ning-yuen. 

Cha'ra,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs  into 
tlie  Oby,  30  miles  NE.  Obdcrlkoi. 

Chalbar,  or  Kaibar,    a   ftrong  town    of 
■  Arabia,  taken  from  the  Jews  by  Mahomet, 
in  the  feventh  year  of  the  Ilegira.    153  miles 
KE.  Medina. 

Challard,  (Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Ardeche.  13  miles  NV/. 
Privas. 

Chaillac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Indre.  13  miles  SSW. 
Argenton. 

ChaillaVid,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  P/Iaycnne.    10  m.  N.  Laval. 

Chaille  Ics  Maralx^  a  town  of  France,  in 
tlie  dcpaitmcnt  of  the  Vendee.  9  miles 
WSW.  Fontenay  le  Comte. 

Chaille  foiis  les  On?ieaux,  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Sarte.  10 
miles  E.  Sable. 

Chaillevc'tte,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Charente.  5  miles 
S.  Marennes. 

Chaillone.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ornc,  containing  about  iico 
inhabitar.ts.     3  miles  N.  Sees. 

Chiun  If  and-,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
difcovcrcd  by  Capt.  Cook  in  the  year  1769. 
It  ap'peared  to  be  a  double  range  of  low 
woody  ifland?,  joined  together  by  reefs  lb  as 


to  form  one  ifland,  in  the  form  of  an  ellipfis 
or  oval,  with  a  lake  in  the  middle  of  it. 
The  fmall  iOands  and  reefs  that  circumfcribe 
the  lake,  have  the  appearance  of  a  chain. 
Its  length  feemed  to  be  about  fifteen  miles  in 
the  direftion  of  north-weft  and  fouth-eaft, 
and  its  breadth  about  five  miles.  The  trees 
upon  it  appeared  to  be  large,  and  fmoke  was 
feen  rifing  in  difrcrent  parts  of  it  from  among 
them;  a  certain  fign  that  it  was  inhabited. 
Long.  145.  50.  W,     Lat.  17.  33.  S. 

Chain-Shot  If  and,,  i^n  fm;Lll  ifland  in  Pam- 
lico Sound,  near  the  coaft  of  North-Carolina. 
Long.  76. 35.  W.     Lat.  34.  t,^.  N. 

Chahigy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Loiret.  5  miles  W.  Orleans. 

Chafe,  i-l^a,)  a  tovv'n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  North  Coafts.  5  miles  SE. 
Loudeac. 

Chaife  Dieii,  {La,)  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Upper  Loire.  13 
miles  Brioude,  18  NNW.  Le  Puy. 

Chaife  leVicofnte,  {La,)  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Vendee.  5  miles 
E.  La  Roche  fur  Yonne. 

Chajuk,  a  town  of  Charafm,  on  the  fron- 
tiers of  Grand  Eukharia. 

Chaken  Khan,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey, 
in  Caramania.    20  miles  NNE.  Tarfus. 

Chakeni-kouzcj,  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of 
Candahar.     120  miles  ENE.  Candahar. 

Chala,  a  fmall  ieaport  of  South-America, 
in  thePacific  Ocean,  near  the  river  Arequipa. 

Chalaa,  a  town  of  Algiers.  50  miles 
SW.  Treme^en. 

Ckalahre,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de-. 
partment  of  the  Aude.  10  m.  SW.  Limoux. 

ChaL'.in,  or  La  Pot  hcric  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Mayne  and  Loire. 
31  miles  NW.  Angers. 

Chalais,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Charente.  5  miles  W. 
Aubeterre. 

Ckalaviont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ain.  iz  miles  S. Bourg-en- 
BrefTe,  12  NNE.Montluel. 

Chalan,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Farfiftan.     40  miles  NW.Schiras. 

Chala!!(^on,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardcche.     9  m.  N.  Privas, 

Chalaoar,  lee  jfaloiir, 

Chalaron?ie,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs. 
into  the  Saone   near  Toifley. 

Chalaii,  or  Kalau,  a  town  of  Lufatia.  46 
miles  SW.  Francfbrt  on  the  Oder. 

Chalautre,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Seine  and  Marne.  7  miles, 
£.  Provins. 

Chalco,  a  town  of  Mexico,  near  a  lake 
to  which  it  gives  name.    10  m.  SE.  Mexico. 

Chalaivara,  a  circar  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Guzerat,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Chuwal, 
on  the  ealt  by  Goelwara,  on  the  fouth  by 
Cottu'ara,   and  on  the  weft  by  Jutwar  "und" 


C  H  A 

Halliar  ;  about  90  miles  in  ler).Q;tli  from  caft 
to  weft,  and  from  ;-  to  45  broad. 

Chalcoiaida,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
INIvfore.     12  miles  NE.  Gurramconda. 

Chalcuitos,  (Los J,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in 
the  province  of  Zacatecas. 

ChciLic'fc'.yguest  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
departm^ent  of  the  Cantal.  1 2  m.  S.  St.  Flour. 

Chakticey,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Marne.  13  miles 
SSW.  Langres- 

Chalette,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aube.  12  m.  SE.  Arcis  fur  Aube. 

CkrJ.'ur  Bay,  a  large  bay  of  the  Atlantic, 
in  the  gulfof  St.  Laurence,  between  the  pro- 
vince ot  New  Brunfwick  and  the  fouth  part 
of  Lower  Canada.  On  the  8th  of  July, 
1760,  a  French  fleet  w.!s  deijroyed  by  the 
EngliHi  under  the  coramand  of  Capt  Byron, 
in  ti:is  bay.     Lo7ig.  65-  W.   Lat.  48.  N. 

Chalgrc-je  Field,  a  fpot  of  ground,  iiear 
Thame,  in  Oxfordfhire  ;  where,  in  ii^>4j, 
v/as  a  flcirmiili  between  the  royalifts  ui^.der 
Prince  Rupert,  and  the  parliam.ent  lolijiers 
under  John  Hampden.  The  latter  were  de- 
feated, and  their  leader  m.ort.-Hy  wounded. 

Chaligiiy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  JMeurte.  5  m..  SW.  Nancy. 

Chulim,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tra  los  Montes.  20  m.  S.  Braganca. 

Ckalim-p'j:i.,  a  town  of  Chinefe  Tartary. 
Lorig.  121.  E.  Lat.  41.  12.  N. 

Chalin,  a  river  of  Ruffia,  which  runs  into 
theKarlkoifea,  Long.  7i.i4.E.Z^7^.73.5,N. 

Chaimarques,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  theCantal.  12  m.N.  St. Flour. 

Chaliridrey,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Marne.  5  miles  SE. 
Langres. 

Chalke,  or  Karki,  one  of  the  Prince's 
iflands,  in  the  fea  of  Marmora.  Lciig.  28. 
$^.  E.  Lat  40.  52.  N. 

Chalkort:,  2.  lo\wx\  of  Bengal.  18  miles  S. 
Boglipour.  Long.  87.4.  E.  Lat.  24,  58.  N. 

Cha!ln?ucotally,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.  22  miles  E.  Chiima  Balabaram. 

Crallatu,  atovv'n  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftrici,  in  the  department  of  the 
\''endee.  21  miles  N.  Sables  d'Olonne,  48 
KW.  Fontenay  le  Comte. 

Challant,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Dora,  ir  miles  ESE.  Aofta. 

Challin,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  15  miles  W. 
Angers. 

Challcinoi.t-,  before  the  revolution  a  final] 
country  of  France,  in  the  environs  of  Cha- 
lons fur  Saone. 

Chalo,  a  river  of  Alia,  which  rifes  near 
LafTa,  pafTes  through  the  province  of  Yun- 
nan in  China,  the  country  of  Laos  and  Ton- 
quin,  and  empties  itfelf  into  the  guli  of 
Cochin-China  in  the  Eaftern  fea,  oppofite 
the  iiJand  of  Hainan. 


C  II  A 

Chalomtc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire,  fjtuated 
near  coal  mines.     12  miles  SW.  Angers. 

Chalojinc,  an  ifland  iri  the  Loire,  a  little 
below  the  town  of  the  fame  name,  about  j 
miles  in  length,  with  a  village. 

Chulo7u  fur  Manic,  or  Chaalons,  a  oity 
ot  France,  and  capital  of  the  department  of 
the  Marne  ;  before  the  revolution,  the  fee  of 
a  bifHop,  fuffragan  of  Rhcims,  and  chief 
place  of  the  generality  of  Champ.igne ;  there 
are  manufiiftures  of  coarf^  woollen  cloth. 
It  is  lituated  on  the  river  Marne,  and  con- 
tains 13  paridies.  The  nunibcr  of  houfcs 
about  2800,  and  of  inhabitants  18,000.  2o\ 
pofts  NNW.  Langres,  20^  E.  Paris.  Lo?:g. 
4-  25.  E.  Lat.  48.  57.  N. 

Chalons  fur  Sa'jjic,  a  city  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Saone  and  Loire  : 
before  the  revolution  the  fee  of  a  bifliop, 
fuffragan  of  Lyons,  fituated  on  the  Saone. 
It  is  fi  rroundcd  with  walls,  and  defended 
by  acitadel.  The  principal  commerce  con- 
fiits  in  corn,  wine,  and  wood.  14  pofts  N. 
Lyons,  46^  SSE.  Paris.  Long.  4.  56.  E. 
Z-.7/.  46.48.  N. 

Chalo fe,  before  the  revolution,  a  fmall 
country  of  France,  in  the  environs  of  St. 
Sever.  * 

Chalfey,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bag- 
lana.     40  miles  NE.  Chanuor. 
-  Chaltaron,   a  town  of  Thibet.     10  miles 
WNW.  Coucha. 

Chalva/ica,  or  Chiivibivllcas,  a  town  of 
Peru,  and  principal  place  of  a  jurifdiflion 
90  m.  W.  Cufco. 

Chalus,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dc- 
parment  of  the  Upper  Vicnne.  In  1199, 
Richard  I.  king  of  England,  received  a 
wound  in  his  fhoulder  which  proved  mor- 
tal, by  an  arrow  ihot  from  the  caftle  of  thi$ 
town,  as  he  was  taking  obfervations  on  the 
beft  way  of  afTauking  it  to  recover  a  trea- 
fure  found  there,  wliich  he  claimed  as  his 
right,  and  which  was  withheld  by  the  Vif- 
count  of  Limoges.  15  miles  SSW.  Limoges. 

Cha}!!,  a  country  of  Afia,  and  one  of  the 
provinces  of  Cochin-China. 

Cham,  or  Kahv:.^  a  town  of  SwifTerland, 
in  the  canton  of  Zug,  on  the  Ibuth  fide  of 
the  lake  of  Zug.     7  miles  S.  Zug. 

Ckam,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Regcn, 
at  its  conflux  with  a  river  called  Champl,  or 
Kampl.  64  miles  E.  Nuremberg,  24  NE. 
Ratifbon. 

Ckam,  a  town  of  Lower  Siam,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river  on  the  eaft  coaft.  Lcng, 
100.  30.  E.  Laf.  12.50.  N. 

ChaiK  dc  Co-iice,  a  tovv-n  of  Portugal,  in 
Eftramadura.     18  miles  N.  Thomar. 

Cha7ua,  or  Skar,:a,  a  tov/n  of  Afiica,  on 
the  Gold  Coaft,  fituated  at  tlic  mouth  of  a 
river  of  the  fame  name,  Vtluch  feparaies  the 
country   of  Jabia  from  tlaat  of  Commani, 


C  H  A 


C  H  A 


and  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  a.  45.  W. 
X^/.  5,  5.N. 

Cha-ma-kit  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  !For- 
mofa.    Long.  120.  14-  E.  Lat.  22.  10.  N. 

Chajnabuzon,  a  river  of  Honduras,  wh.ich 
runs  into  the  bay,  Long-  88.  45.  W.  Lat. 
\^.  45.  N.  •    . 

Chamaillere,  .a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Puy  de  Dome,  a  miles 
SW.  Clermont  Ferrand. 

Ckamalucan,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which 
runs  into  the  bay  of  Honduras,  Z^/.i5.4o.N. 

Chamara,  a  town  on  the  north  coafl:  of 
the  ifland  of  Java.  Long.  108.  2.  E.  Lat. 
6.  20.  S. 

Chamarande,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Seine  and  Oife.  5  miles 
NNE.  Eilampes. 

Cba-fha-tao,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  coaft 
cf  China,  in  the  Eallern  fea.  Long.  120. 
50.  E.  i^^37-5S-N.  .      ,      ,.       . 

Chatnaya,  a  town  of  Peru,  m  the  diocele 
of  Truxiilo.    52  miles  NW.  Chacapoyas. 

Chamaze,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayenne,  4  miles  SW.  Chii- 
teaugontier. 

CAanibe,  Si  town  of  Armenia.  120  miles 
SE.  Erivan. 

C/:amberet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Correze.     15  m.  N.  Tulle. 

Chajnheri,  or  Chanjbery,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  Mont  Blanc,  late  the 
capital  of  Savoy,  at  the  conflux  of  two 
fmall  rivers,  near  the  Ifere.  It  was  anciently 
called  Cameria,  Camerium,  and  Cameria- 
cum.  At  this  place  the  Emperor  Sigifmund 
creeled  the  earldom  of  SavOy  into  a  duke- 
dom, and  it  was  once  the  refidence  of  the 
princes ;  but  after  the  court  was  removed 
to  Turin,  it  loft  much  of  its  fplendour.  It 
is  defended  by  a  caftle,  but  was  not  forti- 
fied, and  has  frequently  been  taken  ;  and  in 
1792,  the  inhabitants  threw  themfclves  into 
the  power  of  France,  with  which  the  v/hole 
dutchy  has  been  incorporated,  under  the 
name  of  the  department  of  Mont  Blanc,  and 
Chambery  was  conftituted  the  capital.  ia| 
pofts  E.  Lyons.  Lo?ig.  5.  ss-  E-  Lat.  45. 
34.  N. 

Chamberfourgi  a  town  of  Pennfylvania. 
720  miles  W.Philadelphia.  Lo7:g.  77,  40. 
W.  i.^?r.  39-5  7-N. 

Charnbicha,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Tucuman.  50  miles  SW. 
St.  Fernando.  , 

Chavibke,  or  Chambly,  a  river  of  Canada, 
which  runs  from  lake  Champlain  as  far  as 
Fort  Chamblce,  after  which  it  is  called 
Richlieu,  and  continues  its  courfe  to  the 
river  St.  Laurence. 

•Clhnnhlee,  fee  Fort  Chajnblec. 

Ckarnhlis,  or  XJI.uvnblyy  a  town  of  France, 
■'n  the  department  of  the  Oife.  19  miles 
WSW.  Scnlis. 


Chamlohi  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Orne.    6  m.NE.  Argentan. 

Chah'ibon,  (Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  3 
miles  SW.  St  Etienne. 

Cha7nbon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Creufe,  and  feat  of  a  tri- 
bunal, in  the  diftridlof  Evaux.  3  miles  W. 
Evaux,  8E.  Gueret. 

Chambonlive,  atov/n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Correze.   5  m.E.Uzerche. 

Chanibqfe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  7  miles 
W.  Villefranche  en  Beaujolois. 

Chmnbrars,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  ti'se  Eute.     5  miles  W.  Bernay. 

Chanibre,  (La,)  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  Mont  Blanc,  on  the  Ifere. 
The  inhabitants  are  remarkably  fubjedl  to 
the  goitre,  or  fwelling  of  the  neck.  23  miles 
NE.  Chambery. 

Chavibron,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Jemappe,  on  the  Dender. 
8  miles  SE.  Ath. 

Chantbuck,  a  town  of  Bengal.  ^^  miles 
SW. Calcutta.  Long^Zj.s.^.^,.  Laf.zj.s-'N. 

Chani-chou-pon,  a  town  of  Chincfe  Tar- 
tary.     8  miles  NNE.  Ning-yuen. 

Chanichoz,  a  town  of  Armenia.  145  miles 
E.  Erivan. 

Cham?,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Panama,  near  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
28  miles  SW.  Panama. 

Chajnicuro,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  audience  of  Qu^ito.  16  m.  S.  La  Laguna, 

Chameiraf.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Correze.     3  m.  SW.  Tulle. 

Cha77ielsty  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  9  miles 
W.  Villefranche. 

Chaviilly,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  river  St. 
Laurence.    L-otig.  75.  W.  Lat.  45.  N. 

Chamb;  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  county 
of  Yemen.  50  miles  NE.  Loheia.  Lo7:g. 
43.  5.  E.  Lat.  17. 12.  N. 

Cha77!:r.,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Larifl^an. 
30  miles  W.  Gambron.     Lat.  27.  12.  N. 

Cka7)il-ialama-,  a  town  of  Soutii-America, 
in  the  province  of  Chocos.  45  miles  E. 
Zittara. 

Cha7/i!ffche,  a  town  of  RufTia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Mogilev.  40  m.  SSW.  Mogilev. 

Cha7/ika,Qv  1  cha7uka,  a  town  of  Thibet. 
229  miles  SE.  Laffa,  150  NE.  Ghergong. 
Lo7!g.<)s.E.  Lat.  2^.N. 

Cka7!'n!:!fKoi,  a  fortrefs  of  RufTia,  on  the 
confines  of  China.  168  miles  SW.  Verch 
Udinfl^oi. 

Cha}7::!i^,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mont  Blanc.  12  miles  ESE. 
Chambery. 

Cka:/:pagnac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  ih.c  Durdognc.  12  miles  N. 
Pcrigeux. 


C  H  A 

Champagne.,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie 
department  of  die  Doidogne.  lo  miles  N. 
Riberac. 

Champagne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ain.     lo  miles  N.  Bellcv. 

Champagne,  before  tlie  rcvoKition,  a  coun- 
try of  France,  bordered  on  the  eaft  by  Lor- 
rame  and  Franche  Comte,  on  tlie  foiitli  by 
Burgundy  and  Nivernois,  on  the  weft  by  the 
ifleof  France  and  Picardy,  and  on  the  north 
by  Flanders ;  it  is  about  195  miles  in  length, 
and  135  broad:  the  land  is  fertile,  and  pro- 
duces that  celebrated  wine  called  after  its 
name  ;  much  grain  and  pafhurage  :  it  con- 
tained two  archbiflioprics,  Reims  and  Sens  ; 
and  four  biflioprics,  Langres,  Chalons, 
Troyes,  and  Meux.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Seine,  the  Marne,  the  Aube,  the 
Meafe,  and  tlie  Aifne.  Troyes  was  the 
capital. 

Ch'.nnpagne  Mouton,  a  town  of  Fi^ance, 
in  the  department  of  the  Charente.  10 
miles  W.  Confolent. 

ChavipagnS  St.  Hilaire,  a  village  of 
France,  near  which  the  Goths  under  Alaric 
were  defeated  by  the  Fianks  under  Clovis  in 
50S,  with  the  lofs  of  their  king,  who  was 
killed  by  his  rival.     10  miles  Poitiers. 

Cha77ipagnicu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Mont  Blanc.  14  miles  W. 
Chambery. 

Cbampaguole,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Jura.     9  m.  SE.  Poligny. 

Ckampah,  a  pafs  through  mountains  of 
Bengal,  in  the  province  of  Ramgur.  45 
miles  N.  Ramgur. 

Cbampaneer,  a  circarofHindooftan,  north 
of  the  Nerbuddah,  about  60  miles  from  its 
mouth. 

ChaTiJpaneer,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  and 
capital  of  a  circar  of  the  fame  name.  64 
miles  SE.  Amedabad,  85  N.  Surat.  Long. 
73.  36.  E.  Lat.  22.  25.  N. 
.  Chaiiipapoui;  a  tov/n  of  Bengal,  in  the 
province  of  Shalberis.  30  m.  SSW.Goragot. 

Champaran,  fee  Bettiah. 

Cha7?!pgon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mayenne.  6  miles  NE. 
Mayenne. 

Champdeii'iers,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Two  Sevres.  10  miles 
N.  Niort. 

Champdieu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  3  miles 
]N'.  Montbrifon. 

Champeauy.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Seine  and  Marne.  7  miles 
NE.  Melun. 

Champeix,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Puy  de  Dome.  7  miles 
NW.  IfToire. 

Cbampernagiir,  a  town  of  Bengal.  4  miles 
W.Boglipour.  Lo?!g.  %'].'£..  Lat.  z^.  i^.'N. 

Champet^n,   a  river  of  Mexico,  which 

Vol.  I.  Mm 


C  H  A 

runs  into  the  bay  of  Campeachy.  Lorjg.  91, 
56.  W.  Lat.  18.  5  O.N. 

ChampigneUc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Yonne.  9  miles  N.  St. 
Fargcau. 

Champ'tgny  fur  Veude,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Indre  and  Loire. 
7  miles  S.  Chinon. 

Cha?!iply  a  river  of  Bavaria,  wliich  runs 
into  the  Regen  at  Cham. 

Champlain,  a  town  of  Canada,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  St.  Laurence.  Long.  72.  14.W. 
Lat.  18.  ^o.  N. 

Chainplai?:,  a  lake  of  North-America,  fb 
called  from  its  iirft  difcoverer,  in  1610  :  it 
contains  feveral  iflunds,  and  abounds  in  fifli; 
the  form  incHnes  to  oval.  It  divides  the 
ftatc  of  New-York  from  that  of  Vermont : 
80  miles  long  from  north  to  fouth,  and 
where  widefl,  14  broad.  In  1777,  a  naval 
engagement  was  fought  on  this  lake,  be- 
tween the  Britifii  under  General  Carlton, 
and  the  Americans  under  General  Arnold, 
in  which  the  latter  were  totally  defeated. 
Arnold  fet  fire  to  his  own  vefTel,  the  Con- 
grefs  gaily,  to  prevent  her  falling  into  the 
handsof  the  enemy.  Long. -j^.V^.  Lat, 
44.  30.  N. 

Champlemy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Nyevre.  16  miles  SSW. 
Clamecy. 

Champlitte,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Saone ;  it  contains 
above  loco  inhabitants.  27  miles  W.  Ve- 
foul,  12  N.  Gray.  Long.  5.  36.  E.  Lat. 
47.  3  7-N. 

Cha?upour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  30  miles 
SE.  Moorfiiedabad. 

Champrond,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure  and  Loire,  ij  miles 
W.  Chartres. 

Cha-iiiproucnt,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Mont  Blanc.  9  miles  N. 
Chambery. 

Champterc'ier,  a.  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lower  Alps.  3  miles  \V.. 
Digne. 

Chapiptccji  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  de- 
partment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  12  miles 
WSW.  Angers. 

Cbamptoceaux.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Mayne  and  Loire,  con- 
taining about  loco  inhabitants.  In  1341,  it 
was  taken  from  the  Duke  of  Bretagne  by 
the  French.     4  miles  WSW.  y\ncenis. 

Chaj7ipvans,-A.  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Jura.     3  miles  SW.  Dole. 

Champvant,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Saone.  3  miles  S. 
Gray. 

Cha7>itou,  a  town  of  Thibet.  75  miles 
NNW.  Cont-Choudfong. 

Cha7/iulgoody,  a  town  of  Hindoofbm,  ui 
the  Carnatic.    28  miles  E.  CoiJpctta. 


C  H  A 


C  H  A 


Cha??nwyy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mont  Blanc.  9  m.  E.  Salanche. 
Chajnum,  a  mountain  of  France,  fouth  of 
the  town  of  Charauny. 

Chamufca,   a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Eft:ramadura.  9  m.  E.  Santaren. 
Cha7fmti,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  fea,  6  miles  SSE.  Girace. 

Chamidi,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.    5  miles  SSVV.  Girace. 

Chanac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Lozere.     7  miles  SW.  Mende. 

Chanaid,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Scotland,  near 
the  fouth-weft  extremity  of  the  ifland  of  Ila. 
Chanak  Kalcfi,  a  town  and  citadel  of 
Afiatic  Turkey,  built  to  defend  the  Strait 
called  the  Dardanelles.  The  citadel  is  by 
a  modern  traveller,  Mr.  Dallaway,  allovv'ed 
to  be  of  the  Lower  Grecian  age,  and  the 
outworks  modern.  There  is  a  fmall  park 
of  artillery.  In  the  town  are  about  3000 
houfes,  and  a  manufadure  ol  pottery. 

Cha/'.as,  a  town  of  France,  m  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ifere.     4  miles  SW.  Vienne. 

Chanca,  a  river  which  forms  a  boundary 
between  Portugal  and  the  Sp.inifli  province 
of  Seville,  and  runs  into  the  Guadiana,  25 
miles  N.  Ayamonte. 

Chancaillo,  a  feaport  of  Peru,  north-weft 
of  Lima.     Laf.iz.^.S. 

CkaiK^ay,  a  town  of  Peru,  and  principal 
place  of  a  jurifdidion  in  the  archbidropric 
of  Lima:  it  contains  300  families,  chiefly 
Spaniards.     30  miles  S.  Lima. 

Chan-cha?u  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of 
Corea.     12  miles  SVv^.  Long-Kouang. 

Chance  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  north  coaft  of 
an  ifland  in  the  ftralts  of  Magellan,  z  miles 
W.  Butler's  Bay. 

Chanceaux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Cote  d'Or.  i8  miles  NW. 
Dijon. 

Ckancelade,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Dordogne.  3  miles  NW. 
Perigueux. 

Chancellaria)  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alen- 
tcjo.     7  miles  W.  O'Crato. 

Ckancha,  a  town  [of  Egypt,  at  the  en- 
trance of  a  defert.     6  miles  E.  Cairo. 

Chancy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  "the  Leman,  on  the  Rhone.  8  miles 
SW.  Geneva. 

Chanda,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  Be- 
rar.  67  miles  S.  Nagpour,  218  E.  Aurunga- 
bad.     Lon^.  "}().  54.  E.     /.«/.  20.2.N. 

Cbcrndail,  a  circar  of  HIndooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Allahabad,  Ibuth-weft  of  the 
country  of  Benares. 

Chandalcotta,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Golconda.     17  miles  E.  Adoni. 

Chandapour,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in 
Bahar.     16  miles  SW.  Jiah.ir. 

Chaudarya,  a  town  of  Bengal.  34  miles 
NE.  Calcutta. 


Chandek,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Aurungabad.  15  miles  SSE.  Jaf- 
fierabad. 

Ckanderhaiin,  a.  town  of  Bengal.  3  c  miles 
S.  Burdwan. 

Chandegheri,  fee  Ka7idegerec. 

Chandeletir  Ijuvids,  a  clufl:er  of  iflands  in 
the  gulf  of  Mexico,  near  the  coaft  of  Weft- 
Florida.  Long.  88,  48.  to  88.58.  W.  Lat. 
29.  30.  to  29.  45.  N. 

Chandercoona,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.     32  miles  SSW.  Burdwan.     Loiig. 

87.  38.  E.   /-.7/.  22.45-  N. 

Ckanderec,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  and 
capital  of  a  circar  or  diftrifl  in  the  Mahva 
country,  near  the  river  Betwha.  It  once 
contained  14,000  houfes ;  and  is  now  the 
relidcnce  of  a  rajah.  148  miles  S.  Agra, 
192  N.  Ougein.  Long.  78.  43.  E.  Lat.  24. 
48.  N. 

Chandergher'i,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Canara,  which,  in  1799,  was  ceded  to  the 
Eritidi.     15  miles  S.  Mangalore. 

C bander gmige,  a  town  of  Bengal,  an  the 
province  ot  Dacca.     28  miles  S.  Comiilah. 

Chandernagore,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  country  of  Bengal,  and  principal  French 
fettlement  in  the  Eaft-Indies,  fituated  on  the 
Ganges.  It  was  taken  by  the  Engliih.  under 
the  condud  of  Colonel  Clive  and  Admiral 
Watfon,  in  March  1757.  It  was  reftored 
at  the  peace  of  1763.  The  Englifh  took  it 
in  the  American  war,  and  gave  it  up  again- 
in  1783.  It  formerly  contained  80,000  in- 
habitants ;  at  this  time  not  half  that  number. 
82  m.  S.  Moorfliedabad,  13  N.  Calcutta. 

Ckandgunge,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the 
province  of  Burbazzoo.  10  m.  N.  Nulflii. 

Chandgirr.ge,  a  town  of  Bengal.  86  miles 
NNW.  Dacca. 

Cha?idi,  a  town  of  Nubia.     40  m.  NNE. 


Gerri. 


.ong. 


(5.28.  E.  Lat.  i6.  36. N. 


Chandieu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Pvhone  and  Loire.  3  miles  N. 
Montbrifon. 

Chandiga,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs 
intoti)eAdian,Z,(5;.'^.i3-.i4.E./>^/.62-io.N. 

Chandor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Baghina  country.  52  miles  NE.  Naffuck, 
80  NW.  Aurungabad.  In  1804,  this  towiv 
was  taken  by  the  Englifh.  Long.  74.  28. 
E    Lat.  20,  8.  N. 

Chandoul,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Adirbeitzan.     150  m.  NE.  Tabiis. 

Chandpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Sumbul.     27  miles  S.  Nidjibabad. 

Chandpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  18  miles 
S.  Kiflicnagur. 

Chandpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  22  miles 
SSW.  Purneah. 

Chandpour,  a  town  of  Bengal,  ic  miles. 
S.  Silhet. 

Chandpyur,  a  town  of  Bengn.l,  in  ilie  pro» 
vince  of  Chitiigong.     38  in.  N.  Iflamabad, 


C  H  A 

Chandpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  i6  miles 
S.  iHamabad. 

Ckandpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  60  miles 
KE.  Dacca. 

Chandpour,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Megna.     30  m.  SSE.  Dacca. 

Chandpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftdn,  in  Al- 
lahabad.    9  miles  S.  Coraii. 

Chandui,  a  town  of  the  audience  of  Quito. 
16  miles  WSW.  Gaav'.quil. 

Chaiidu'i,  a  town  of  Bengal.  2*^  miles  S. 
Curruckpour. 

Chanes,  one  of  the  fmaller  Shetland 
iHands.     Long.  i.  43.  VV.  Lat.  60.  9.  N. 

Chang,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  fecond 
rank,  in  Chen-ii.  495  miles  SW.  Peking. 
Long.  99.  21-  E.  Lat.  33.  50.  N. 

Chcnga,  or  Xanga,  a  fmall  ifknd  in  the 
Indian  fea,  near  the  coafh  of  Africa,  at  tlie 
mouth  of  a  river  of  the  fame  name.  Long. 
39.  50.  E.  Lat.  10.  45.  S. 

Changail,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
bar,     17  miles  N\V.  Durbungah. 

Changaniah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Barramaui,  where  there  is  a  pafs  acrofs  the 
mountains  to  the  Carnatic.  100  miles  SW. 
Madras. 

Changapratig,  a  town  of  Thibet.  243  m. 
W.  Lalfa,  195  NNE.Catmandu.  Lmg.  86. 
52.  E.  Lat.  2,1'  6.N. 

Changafari,  a  town  of  Ruffia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Viborg.  80  miles  WNW. 
Viborg. 

Chang-che,  a  city  of  China,  of  the  fecond 
rank,  in  Quang-fi.  12 10  miles  SSW.  Peking. 
Long.  ()(i.  17.E.  Lat.  22.  G.  N. 

Cbang-cboui,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Honan.     45  miles  SE.  Hiu. 

Chang-hal,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Kiang-nan.  18  m.iles  SE.  Song- 
kiang. 

Chang-hang,  a  town  of  China,  of  die  third 

rank,  in  Fo-kien.     50  miles  S.  Ting-tcheou. 

Chang-hia-tong,  a  town  of  China,  of  the 

fecond  rank,  in  Quang-fi.     izcom.  SSW. 

Peking.     Long.xod.  a,.Y..  Lat.  21  27.  N. 

Cha7ig-hn,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 

rank,  in  Chang-tong.    18  m  SW.  Vou-ting. 

Chang-in,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  fecond 

rank,  in  Quang-(i.     ii6j  m.  SSW.  Peking. 

Long.  106.  24.  E.  Lat.  23.  3.  N. 

Chang-kao,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Kiang-fi.  30  miles  WSW.  Choui- 
tcheou. 

Chaglafee,  a  town  of  Thibet,  which  gives 
name  to  a  dillricfl,  near  the  river  Sanpoo. 
204  miles  W.  LafTa,  190  NNE.  Catmandu. 
Long.  87.  32.  E.  Lat.  29.  30.  N. 

Changke,  or  Changli,  a  tov/n  ofAfiatic 
Turkey,  on  the  weft  coaft  of  Natolia,  inha- 
bited chiefly  by  the  Turks.  Near  it  is 
another  town  called  Giaur  Changlee,  which 
is  inhabited  by  Chriftians.  9  miles  SSW. 
Scalanova. 


C  H  A 

Ckiing-IJn,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Qu,ing-fi.     18  miles  NW.  Ping.  ^ 
Chang-ling,  a  town  of  Alia,  in  the  king- 
dom ot  Corea.     5  miles  SSW.  Hoang. 

Chang-nan,  a  town  or'Cliina,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Chen-ii.    42  miles  SE.  Chang. 

Chang-fc,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  fecond 
rank,  in  Quang-h.  1180  miles  SSW.  Pe- 
kmg.     I^ong.  107.  14.  E.  Lat.  22.  18.  N. 

Chang-tcheoH,  a  town  of  Alia,  in  tlie  king- 
dom of  Corea.     20  miles  W.  Long-kouang. 
Ckang-tching,   a  town  of  China,  of  the 
the  third  rank,  in  Honan.     24  miles  SSE. 
Kouang. 

Chang-tfai,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Honan.     38  miles  N.  Yun-hing. 

Chang-ycon,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Kiang-fi.  30  miles  NNE.  Nan- 
ngan. 

Chang-yu,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Tchc-kiang.  18  m.ESE.Chao-king. 
Change,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Matenne.    3  miles  N.  Laval. 

Change,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sarte.     3  miles  S.  Le  Mans. 

Changeivater,  a  town  of  New  Jcrfey.  2  ? 
miles  WSW.  Morriftown. 

Changy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of-  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  10  miles 
NW.  Roarine. 

Chanierss,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gironde.     12  m.  E.  Blaye. 
Chan'wjyn'ze,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Novogrodek.    56  miles  SW. 
Novogrodek. 

Ckankalamay,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  circar  of  Cuddapa,  1 8  m.  SSW.  Combam. 
Chankeer,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Mahratta  country.     15  miles  W.  Poonah. 

Chan-Un,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Quang-fi.     8  miles  NW.  Ko-hoa. 

Chan??ianning,  a  town  of  Thibet,  where 
the  grand  Lama  fometimes  refides.  116  m. 
W.  LafTa,  266  NE.  Catmandu.  Long.  89. 
20.  E.  Laf.  30.  54.  N. 

Channar,  oH  Chachi,  a  town  of  South- 
America,  in  the  province  of  Cordova.  laj 
miles  N.  Cordova. 

Channel,  the  EnglilTi  name  of  the  depart- 
ment of  France,  called  La  Manche.  See  La 
Manche. 

Channel  Creek,  one  of  the  mouths  of  the 
the  Ganges,  eaft  of  the  ifland  of  Sagor. 

Channt-Oudouc,  a  town  of  Chinefe  Tar- 
tary,  in  the  country  of  t!ie  Monguls.  Long. 
114  14-  E.  Lat.  42.  51.  N. 

Channonat,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Pay  de  D6me,  celebrated 
f(rt"  its  mineral  v/aters.   6  m.  S.  Clermont. 

Chanonry,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Rofs- 
Hiire,  united  with  Rofemarkie,  aad  now  cal- 
led Fortrofe. 

Chanpara,  a  town  pf  Bengal,  ^x.  mile? 
^f£.  gilcutta. 


C  HA 


e  H  A 


'  C/w«/»/'(?«'^j  a  town  of  Thibet.  ^45  miles  thought  to  exceed  any  thing  of  the  kind  In 
W>  Laffa.  Long.  86.41. E.  Lat.  29.43-N.  France;  and  the  forefts,  for  the  purpofe  of 
'  C/^j^w-://,  a  province  of  China,  which  is  one  keeping  game  for  the  chace  and  the  gun, 
of  the  fmalleft  of  the  empire,  is  bounded  on  extended  many  miles  in  circumference.  5 
the  eaft  by  that  of  Pe-tche-li,  on  the  fouth  by  miles  W.  Senlis,  13  SSE.  Clermont. 
Honan,  on  the  weft  by  Chen-fi,  and  on  the'  Chantoitay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
north  by  the  great  wall.  The  Chinefe  fay,  partment  of  the  Vendee.  In  the  beginning 
that  the  firft  inhabitants  of  China  fixed  their  of  September  1793,  the  French  republicans 
relidence  in  this  province.  Its  climate  is  were  totally  defeated  by  the  royalifts,  near 
healthy  and  agreeable,  and  the  foil  is  fruitful,  this  town,  with  great  lofs.  la  miles  W.  La 
It  abounds  in  muflc ,  porphyry,  marble,  lapis-    Ghataigneraye. 

lazuli,  and  jafper  of  various  colours;  iron-  Chan-to7ig,  a  province  of  China,  bounded 
mines,  falt-pits,  and  cryftal,  are  aUb  com-  on  the  eaft  by  the  province  of  Pe-tche-li  and 
mon  here.  This  province  is  full  of  moun-  by  part  of  Honan,  on  the  fbuth  by  Kiang- 
tains  •  fome  of  which  are  uninhabited,  and  nan,  on  the  eaft  by  the  Eaftern  fea,  and  on 
have  a  wild  and  frightful  appearance;  but  the  north  by  the  fame  and  part  of  Pe-tche-li. 
the  reft  are  cultivated  with  care,  and  cut  into  It  is  divided  into  fix  diftricts,  which  contain 
terraces  from  top  to  bottom,  and  prefent  a  lix  cities  of  the  firft  clafs,  and  114  of  the 
very  agreeable  profpeft ;  on  the  tops  of  fecond  and  third.  Belides  thefe,  there  are 
fome  there  are  found  vaft  plains,  which  are  found  along  the  coaft  15  or  16  forts,  feveral 
no  lefs  fertile  than  the  richeft  low  lands,  villages  of  confiderahle  note  on  account  of 
Vines  grow  here,  which  produce  the  beft  their  commerce,  and  a  number  of  fmall 
grapes  in  this  part  of  Aiia  ;  good  wine  iflands,  the  greater  part  of  which  have  har- 
nnght  be  made  from  them ;  but  the  Chinefe  hours  very  convenient  for  the  Chinefe  junks, 
prefer  drying  them,  and  felling  them  in  the  which  eafily  pafs  from  thence  to  Corea  or 
other  provinces.  The  mountains  abound  in  Leao-tong.  Befides  the  grand  imperial 
coal,  which  the  inhabitants  pound,  and  hav-  canal,  which  traverfes  this  province,  it  con- 
ing mixed' with  water,  form  into  fmall  tains  a  great  many  lakes,  ftreams,  and  rivers, 
cakes ;  it  is  not  very  inflammable,  but  when  which  contribute  no  lefs  to  the  ornament 
once  kindled,  affords  a  ftrong  and  lafting  than  the  fecundity  of  its  plains;  however,  it 
fire.  Chan-ll  comprehends  in  itsdiftridl:  five  has  much  to  fear  from  drought,  as  itfeldom 
cities  of  the  firft  clafs,  and  eighty-five  of  the    rains  here.     Locufts  alio  make  fometimes 


fecond  and  third.  Sir  John  Staunton  efti- 
niates  the  population  of  this  province  at 
27,000,000. 

Chanjola,  a  town  of  Bengal.  23  miles 
SE.  Iflamabad. 

Chanta,  a  town  of  Bengal.  25  m.  NW. 
Bifl'unpour. 

■   Chantabonn,  a  feaport  town  of  the  king- 
dom of  Siam,  on  the  frontiers  of  Cambodia. 

Chantada,  a  town  of  Spajn,  in  Galicia. 
20  miles  N.  Orenfe. 

Chantagi?-,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs 
intotheEnifei,Z.OTj.9i.34.E.i.rz;.5i.50.N. 

Chantaunay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Vendee.  15  miles  N.  Fon- 
tenay-le-Comte. 

Cbantee,  a  town  of  Thibet.  9  miles  S. 
Jhanfu  Jeung. 

Chantellc  U\  Ch:'tcau,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  'Allicr.  9  miles 
N.  Gannat. 

Chantcna^,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Loire.  »  miles  W. 
"Nantes. 

Chanttnay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Sarte.  15  miles' WSW. 
Le  Mans. 

Chai:til!xt  a  town  of  France^  in  the  depart- 
ment-of  tlife  Oife.  -  The  Prinee  of  Conde 
had  a  magnificent  palace  here,  with  beauti- 
ful gardens,  a  menagcry,  cxtenfive  park, 
and  cuxious  water-woi'kst    The  ftabic  was 


great  devaft'atlon.  There  is  no  country, 
perhaps,  where  game  is  more  plentiful,  or 
where  pheafants,  partridges,  and  quails,  are 
fold  cheaper.  Belides  common  filk-worms, 
there  is  found  in  this  province  a  Ipecies  of 
infeft  much  refembling  our  caterpillars, 
which  produce,  indeed,  a  coarfer  kind  of 
filk,  but  of  which  much  ftronger  ftuffs  are 
made ;  as  thefe  ftuffs  are  very  durable,  they 
have  an  extenfive  fale  throughout  China. 
Sir  George  Staunton  eifimatcs  the  number 
of  people  in  this  province  at  a4,ooo,oco. 
Tfi-nan-fou  is  the  capital. 

ChantrigTie,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Mayenn'e.  7  miles  N. 
Mayenne.  ■ 

Chan-yn,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Chan-li.     aj  miles  ENE.  Sou. 

ChiW-hing,  a  city  of  China,  of  the  firil 
rank,  in  Tche-kiang.  673  miles  SSE.  Pe- 
king, -hong.  lao.  14.  E.  Lat^  30.  10.  N. 

Chaowi,  a  town  of  Chinefe  Tartary.  8 
miles  S.  Geho. 

Ckao-keoiii?ig,  a  town  of  China,  in  Chang- 
tong.     K,^  miles  SE.  Tci-ngin. 

Chao-ma-ing,  a  town  of  Thibet.-.  10.  m. 
N.  Chao-ma-ing-Ilotun. 

Ckao-ma-ii)g-Hotiint  a  town  ofThibet.  1 85 
m.E.Iia-mii  Long.ioo.io.Y..  Lat.-e,x,  lo.N. 

Chao-ouy  a  city  of  China,  of  the  firil 
rank,  in  Fo-kien.  775  miles  S.  Peking. 
Long.  117. 19.  E.  Litt.  3j.  N. 


C  H  A 

Chao-paif  a  town  of  Chinefe  Tartary. 
L.o7ig.  122.  44.  E.  ]^at.  42.  13.  N. 

Cbao-plng,  a  town  of  China,  of  t]>e  tliird 
rank,  in  Qiuing-(i.     1 .;  ni.  SE.  Yong-ngan. 

Chaora,  one  of  thcfmallcrCape  de  Verde 
Iflands. 

Chaou,  one  of  the  fniallcr  Cape  de  Verde 
iflands,  or  rather  a  rock.  8  miles  W.  St. 
Nicholas. 

Chaource.,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  de- 
partment of  the  Aude.     15   m.  S.  Troyes. 

Cbapada,  a  town  of  Bralil,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Goyas.     70  miles  NE.  Villa  Boa. 

Chapala,  a  lake  of  Mexico,  in  the,  pro- 
vince of  Guadalaxara,  54  miles  in  length, 
and  15  in  breadth.     15  m.  S.  Guadalaxara. 

Chaparang,  or  Dfuprong,  a  town  of  Thi- 
bet, fituated  near  the  head  of  the  Ganges. 
140  miles  NNE.  Sirinagur.  I^ong.  79.  aa. 
E.  Lat.  2,2,'  10.  N. 

Chaparral,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Grenada.     15  m.  from  Anteciuera. 

Chapel  Key,  a  fmall  idand  in  the  bay  of 
Honduras,  near  the  coall  of  Mexico.  Long. 
88.40.  \Y.Lat.  18.  N. 

Chapel  in  the  Frith,  a  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Derby,  on  the  borders  of 
Chefhire,  U'ith  a  weekly  market  on  Satur- 
days. 20  miles  ESE.  Manchefler,  165  N. 
London.     Long.  i.  52.  W.  Lat.  S2,'  22.  N. 

Chapelle  Agnon  (La,)  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department,  of  the  Puy  de  Dome.  5 
miles  N.  Ambert. 

Chapelle  d'  A)igillon,  (La,)  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Cher.  16 
miles  N.  Bourges. 

Chapelle  Aubry,  {La,)  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department,  of  the  Mayne  and  Loire. 
8  miles  S.  St.  Florent. 

Chapelle  BaJJe,  {La,)  a  town  of  France, 
in  Uie  department  of  the  Lower  Loire.  9 
miles  NE.  Nantes. 

Chapelle  la  Erhrce,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Ille  and  Vilaine.  4 
miles  E.  Vitre. 

Chapelle  fur  Erdre,  (La,)  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Lower 
Loire.     5  miles  N.  Nantes. 

Chapelle  la  Mouch,{La,)?i  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Mayenne.  13  m. 
NVV.  Vilaine. 

Chapelle  fur  Oreufe,  {La,)  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Yonnc. 
6  miles  S.  Sens. 

Chapelle  de  ^linchay,  {La,)  a  town^  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Saone 
and  Loire.     6  miles  S.  Macon. 

Chapelle  la  Reine,  {La,)  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Seine  and  Marne. 
5  miles  NW.  Nemours. 

Chapelle  St.  Laurent,  {La,)  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Two  Se- 
vres.    II  miles  NVV.  Partenay. 

Chapelle  St.  Mcfinin,  {La,)    a  town  gf 


c  ir  A 

France,  in  the  department  of  the  Loiret.  3 
miles  W.  Orleans. 

Chapelle  7^<r/////irr/,(Z<^,)  atown  of  France, 
in  the  depariment  of  the  Crcufc.  4  milpe  S. 
Guerct. 

Chapelle  la  Thireuil,  (La,)  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Two 
Sevres.     13  miles  WSW.  Partenay. 

Chapelle  en  Fercors,  {La,)  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Drome. 
13  miles  N.  Die. 

Chapelncf,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on  the 
coafl  of  the  county  of  Fife,  in  the  frith 
of  Forth.     I  mile  W.  Elinefs. 

Chapjnan's  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic, 
on  the  coall  of  Africa,  a  little  to  the  fuuth 
of  Table  Bay. 

Chaporo,  a  town  of  Concan,  on  the  coaft 
of  Malabar.     12  miles  NW.  Goa. 

Chaplain's  Fork,  a  river  of  Kentucky, 
which  runs  into  the  Rolling  Fork.  Long. 
U.  i.W.Lat.  37.  34.  N. 

Chapper?!tunJa,  a  town  of  Ilindooflan, 
in  Bahar.     20  miles  W.  Palamow. 

Chappes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aube.     10  m,  SE.  Troyes. 

Chappi gunge,  a  town  of  Bengal.  26  m. 
S.  Moorfheda'bad. 

Chappoy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Jura.    7  miles  SSE.Salins. 

Chapraral,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  country  of  Chili,  and  jurifdidion  of 
Coquimbo. 

Chaprough,  a  town  of  Thibet,  Long. 
79.  37.  W.  J^at.  T,\,.  29.  N. 

Chapuk,  a  townof  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
$S  miles  SSW.  Patna. 

Chaqui,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe  of 
La  Paz..    35  miles  E.  Potofi. 

Chaquilon,  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  the  pro. 
vince  of  Segeftan,  in  ruins.  90  miles  N£. 
Zareng., 

Char,  a  town  of  Arabia.  140  rnil<^s  NW. 
Mecca. 

Char,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  mto 
the  Boutonnc  near  St.  Jean  d'Angeli. 

Char,  a  river  of  the  iiland  of  Cypiiis, 
v.'hich  runs  into  the  fea,  a  miles  E.  Limeibl. 

Char,  a  river  of  England,  which  riics  m 
Dorletdiire,  and  runs  into  the  fea  at  Char- 
mouth. 

Charahaun,  or  Tfierihn,  a  fcaport  touTi 
on  the  north  coidl  of  the  ifland  of  Java, 
fituated  in  a  country  which  produces  plenty 
of  nee,  fugai,  coftce,  pepper,  cotton,  &c. 
which  the  Dutch  purchafe  at  a  low  price. 
i-;o  miles  E.  Batavia.  Long.  109-  4-  E. 
I\at.  6.  5.  S. 

Charabcy,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Mazandcran.   60  m.  W.  Aif-'iooai- 

Charadro,  a  tov.n  of  Ahalic  Turkey,  in 
Caramania.     12  miles  NNW.  Anemur.  ^ 

Charagio,  a  town  of  the  illand  ot  Cor- 
lica.    a  Jiiiles  S.  Ccrvionc. 


C  H  A 


C  H  A 


Charak,  or  Tsjarak,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in 
LaviAan.     20  miles  SE.  Nachelo. 

Charamokotan,  one  of  the  fmall  Kurule 
Iflands,  in  tlie  North  Pacific  Ocean.  Long. 
155.  E.  Lat.  49.  5c.  N. 

Charainondi  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.     28  miles  N.  Mauldah. 

Charancy,  a  town  of  France,  in  depart- 
ment of  the  Mofelle.  10  m.  WSW.Longwy. 

Charapotot  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  audience  of  Quito,  near  the  coaft.  20 
miles  NNE.  Monte  Chrillo.     Lat.  o.  50.  S. 

C'rarajiii,  or  Karafm,  a  country  of  Afia, 
bordered  on  the  north  byl'urkeftan,  on  the 
eaft  by  Grand  Bukharia,  on  the  fouth  by 
Chorafan,  and  on  the  wefc  by  the  Cafpian 
fea;  about  320  miles  from  north  to  fouth, 
and  about  as  much  from  eaft  to  weft.  The 
country  is  in  general  fertile;  and  is  divided 
among  feveral  Tartarian  princes,  of  whom 
one  takes  the  title  of  Khan,  with  a  degree 
of  pre-eminence  over  tlie  reft.  Urkonje  is 
the  capital,  and  the  uiiial  reiidence  of  the 
khan  in  the  winter,  but  during  the  fummer 
he  ufuallv  encamps  on  the  fides  of  tlie  ri- 
ver Amo! ;  and  as  his  camp  is  called  Khiva, 
the  people  have  generally  been  called  the 
Tartars  of  Khiva.  The  khan  is  faid  to  be 
able  to  raife  an  army  of  40  or  50  thoufand 
horfemen.  Charafm  was  in  former  times 
lull  of  cities,  tov/ns,  and  caftles;  remarkable 
for  their  llrength,  and  abundance  of  people. 
This  was  the  cafe  it  may  be  prefumed  for 
a  long  feries  of  ages,  as  well  under  its  own 
kings,  as  while  it  was  a  province  of  the 
Perlian  and  Arabian  empires  :  but  in  ail 
probability  it  flouriihed  moif  when  it  be- 
came an  independent  kingdom  under  the 
family  of  the  Charafn  Khans,  who  an- 
nexed to  it  by  conquclt  all  Iran,  or  Perfia 
at  large,  and  Turan,  or  the  countries  north 
of  the  Gihon,  or  Amu;  forming  a  great 
empire,  of  which  Urkonje  was  the  capita!. 
At  p relent  the  cities  of  Charafm  are  but  few, 
and  reduced  below  the  condition  of  ordinary 
towns,  through  the  deftru(5five  power  of 
the  Ufbeks,  who  have  brought  ruin  and  po- 
veity  wherever  they  fettled. 

•  Charatzaijka.,  a  fortrefs  of  Siberia,  on  the 
borders  of  China.     84  miles  SW.  Selengiflv. 
Ckaravtiii-d,  a  town  of  Pcrila,  in  th.e  pro- 
vince of  Irak.     120  miles  SE.  Ifpahan. 
Cbarbafs,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Agi- 
(  mere.     15  miles  N.  Roopnagur. 

Charbuifcvka,  a  river  of  Kamtchatfl^a, 
which  runs  into  the  Penzinflcoi  gulf,  70  m. 
SSVV.  Tigilflcoi. 

Charccii,  {Los,)  a  prov'nce  of  Pern,  near 
the  coaft  of  the  Pacilic  Ocean,  one  of  llie 
richeft  provinces  in  the  world  for  mines. 
La  Plata  is  the  capital. 

Charcas  de  Ango'iA.,  a  town  of  South- 
Anierica,  in  thi  government  of  Buenos  Ay- 
ics.     90  miles  NW.  Buenos  Ayrcs.  - 


Charco,  a  town  of  Bootan.  8  miles  JT. 
Taifafudon. 

Charcolly,  a  town  of  Bengal.  60  miles 
S.  Comillah. 

Charcuo?:,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Farfiftan.     70  miles  SE.  Schiras. 

Chard,  a  tovv'n  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Somerfet,  fituated  on  the  borders  of  Be- 
voniliire.  It  has  a  large  weekly  market, 
held  on  Monday,  and  formerly  lent  mem- 
bers to  parliam^ent,  but  this  privilege  hss 
long  been  loft.  In  1801,  the  inhabitants 
were  1212,  and  369  em.ployed  in  trade  and 
manufactures.  15  miles  S.  Taunton,  141 
W.London.  Long.■},.^o.V^.  Z<?/. 50.53. N. 

Charda,  a  town  of  Bengal.  10  miles 
SW.  Midnapoor. 

Chardogns;  atown  of  France,  inthedepart- 
ment  of  the  Meufe.    4  m.iles  N.  Bar-Ie-Duc. 

Cbjredjch,  or  Charek,  fee  Karek. 

Charer.ts,,  a  river  of  France,  which 
rifes  in  the  depaxtment  of  the  Upper  Vienne, 
pafl'es  by  or  near  to  Civray,  RufFec,  Ver- 
teuii,  Minfle,  Angoulefme,  Jarnac,  Cognac, 
Saintes,  Rochefort,  &:c.  and  runs  into  the  fea, 
about  8  miles  below  Rochefort,  oppofite  the 
ifle  of  Oleron. 

Charente,  {Department  of,)  one  of  the 
new  divifions  of  France,  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  department  of  the  Vienne,  on 
the  eaft  by  the  Upper  Vienne,  on  the  fouth 
by  the  department  of  the  Dordogne,  and 
on  the  weft  by  the  department  of  the 
Lower  Charente.  It  takes  its  name  from  the 
river  Charente,  which  palTes  through  it. 
Above  56  m.iles  in  length  from  north-eaft  to 
fouth-weft,  and  30  wide  on  an  average. 
Angoulefme  is  the  capital. 

Charente  Lonver,  {Department  of,)  one  of 
the  diviilons  of  France,  fituated  on  the  fea 
coaft,  north  of  the  rix-er  Gironde,  taking  its 
name  from  the  river  Charente,  which  croffes 
it  nearly  in  its  centre;  rather  more  than  80 
miles  in  length;  the  breadth  is  very  unequal, 
towards  the  fouth  about  10  miles,  towards 
the  north  20,  and  in  fome  parts  nearly  40. 
Saintes  is  the  capital. 

Charentenay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Yonre.  7  m.  S.  Auxerre. 

Charenton,  atown  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Paris.  Here  the  proteftants  had 
their  principal  church,  and  a  printing  office, 
till  the  revocation  of  the  ediJl  of  Nantes, 
when  the  church  \.'.\s  converted  into  two 
convents.     3  miles  SE.  Paris. 

CJiarentGH,  a  to^^•n  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Cher.  5  miles  E.  St. 
Amand,  21  SSE.  Bourges. 

Charera,  {La,)  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Cuba.     5  miles  W.  Havanna. 

Charcri,  a  tow  n  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     9  miles  S.  Gierace. 

C barer:,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  iea,  10  miles  SSE.  Gierace. 


C  H  A 

Charge}',  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partmentof  theUpperS;i6ne.     3  m.  N.Gray. 

Chargner,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bi;- 
rar.     45  miles  SE.  Aurungabad. 

Charia,  or  St.  Adrian,  a  village  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  the  Morea;  iuppolcd  to 
be  the  fpot  where  the  city  of  Mycena: 
ftood.     7  miles  NW.  Argo. 

Charje,  a  town  of  Egypt,  in  the  great 
Oafis.  lao  miles  SW.  Siut.  Lo>:g.  29. 
40.  E.  Lat.  45.  50.  N. 

Charikanvi,  a  town  of  Candahar.  25  m. 
NW.  Cabul. 

Charillos,  (Los,)  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the 
jurifdidion  of  Lima. 

Charinos,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  audience  of  Quito.  %z  miles  NNW. 
Jaen  de  Bracamoros. 

Charing,  a  townflrip  of  England,  in  Kent, 
with  850  inhabitants,  7  miles  W.  Afhford. 
"  Charjoo,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia,  on 
the  Gihon.     ico  miles  SE.  Bukhara. 

Chariquil,  a  town  of  ?er(ia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irak.     90  miles  SE.  Hamadan. 

Charifafar,  a  town  of  A(;a,  in  the  country 
of  Candahar.     15  miles  NE.  Candahar. 

Charit,^.  town  of  Arabia.     24  m.N.  Sana. 

Cbiirite  fur  Loire  {La,)  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  Nyevrc,  on  {"he  Loire, 
containing  about  4,000  inhabitants.  Here 
are  manufa<5lures  of  woollen  and  hardware. 
13  miles  NNW.  Nevcrs.  Long.  3.  6.  E. 
Lat.a,-].  ir.  N. 

Charkiera,  a  town  of  Hindoofian,  in 
the  circar  of  Hindia.     10  miles  E.  Hurdah. 

Charkina,  a  fortrefs  of  Rullia,  on  the 
Don,  in  the  government  of  Caucafus.  200 
miles  NE.  Aftrachan. 

Charkliqmu,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey, 
chiefly  inhabited  by  tanners,  who  manufac- 
ture the  beautiful  morocco  leather;  the  cara- 
vans flop  here  two  or  three  clays:  it  is  (itu- 
ated  between  ErzerumandTocat. 

Charkov,  a  city  of  Rullia,  and  capital  of 
a' government  of  the  fame  name,  containing 
ten  churches,  two  convents,  and  fcveral  pub- 
lic feminaries.  31^2  miles  S.  Mofcow,  640 
SSE.Peterfburg.  Long. ■i':,. s^^'^'  Lai.  r,Q.is. 

Charkov,  a  government  of  Rullia,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Kurflc,  on  the  eaft  by  Vo- 
ronetz,  on  the  fouth  by  Ekatcrinoflav,  on 
the  well  by  Tchernigov  and  Kiev;  Char- 
kov is  the  capital:  about  180 miles  in  length, 
and  from  40  to  80  in  breadth. 

Charlbury,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Oxford.  6  miles  W.  Woodltock, 
68  WNW.  London. 

Charldburg,  a  town  of  Canada.  5  miles 
N.  Quebec. 

Chcirlem-mf.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Ardennes,  formerly  be- 
longing to  the  county  of  Namur;  ceded  to 
Fiance  by  the  treaty  of  Niuieguen.     It  was 


C  H  A 

built  by  Charles  V.  in  the  year  155.:,  not 
far  from  Givct,  on  a  mountain  near  the 
Mcufe.  ■  It  is  fmall,  but  well  fortified.  10 
miles  N".  Mezieres,  24  SW.  Namur.  Long. 
4-  .?o.E.  Lat.  50.  7.  N. 

Chat  kmofit,  a  tow  n  of  Ireland,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Armagh.  It  is  a  garrifon  town,  with 
barracks  for  tlirec  companies  of  foot ;  it  was 
a  borough  town,  and  lent  two  members  to 
the  Irilh  parliament.  This  town  furrendered 
to  King  William  in  1690.   8  m.  N.  Armagh. 

Charkrcy,  or  Charles  fur  Stunhrs,  a  town 
of  France,  in  the  departm.cnt  of  the  Sambre 
and  Meule,  built  on  the  north  !ide  of  the 
river  Sambre,  in  a  place  formerly  called 
CharwA,  which  was  a  village  and  fi^niory 
belonging  to  the  Prince  of  lienghcin.  The 
Marquis  deCaftel-Rodrigo,  governor  of  the 
Netherlands,  fortified  and  made  it  a  city  in 
the  year  1666,  changing  its  name  to  Char- 
leroy,  in  honourof  Charles  II.  king  of  Spain. 
In  the  year  1792,  it  again  changed  its  name 
to  Charles-fur-Sambrc.  It  was  given  to 
France  at  the  peace  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  in 
1668.  In  the  year  1672,  it  was  befieged  by 
the  Prince  of  Oiange^who  invefled  the  place 
the  13th  of  December,  with  a  defign  to  draw 
the  French  from  Holland;  but  the  bravery  of 
the  Comte  dc  Montal,  the  governor,  and  a 
report  of  the  King  of  France  advancing  in 
perfon,  with  an  'army  to  luccour  the  place, 
obliged  the  prince  to  .reiire  before  he  had 
opened  the  trenches.  In  the  year  1677,  ^^^c 
fame  prince  inverted  it  again  with  an  army 
of  60,000  men,  but  was  loon  obliged  to  re- 
tire. By  the  treaty  of  Nimeguen  it  was 
«eded  to  Spain;  in  1693,  it  was  taken  by  the 
French,  after  the  battle  of  Landen.  In  1697, 
it  was  rcftored  to  Spain:  by  the  peace  of 
Utrecht  it  was  ceded  to  the  States-General ; 
in  the  year  1716,  it  was  given  to  the  empe- 
ror by  the  barrier  treaty;  again,  in  1746,  it 
i'unendered  to  France.  It  was  taken  by  the 
French  under  General  Valence,  in  the  montli 
of  November  1792,  with  4000  prifoncrs.  It 
was  recovered  by  the  Auftrians  in  the  month 
of  June  1793,  when  the  French  were  twice 
defeated,  once  with  the  lols  0/  4000  men, 
and  again  of  7000.  On  the  25th  of  July 
1794,  it  again  I'urrendercd  to  the  French  at 
dilcretion,  with  the  garrifon  of  3000  men, 
and  60  pieces  of  cannon.  It  carries  on  con- 
liderable  trade  in  iron-works  and  foundery. 
20  miles  ENE.  Mons,  20  NE.  Maubeuge.  ' 
Long.  4.  32.  E.  Lat.  50.  26.  N. 

Charles  IJlanci,  or  Ijland  of  Dogs,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Gambia  in  Africa,  where 
the  Engliih  had  a  lettlement,  but  were  driven 
av/ay ;  lince  which  time  the  ifland  has  been 
uninhabited. 

Charles  River,  a  river  of  America,  which 
rifes  in  the  rtate  of  MalTachuletts,  and  ruos 
in  to  the  ka  between  Bolloa  and  Charlci-to  wn. 


C  H  A 

Charles,?^  county  of  the  flate  of  Maryland. 
Charles  Cify,  a  county  of  tiie  itate  ot 
Virginia. 

Charles  Fort, a  fort  on  theweft  coaft  of  the 
illand  of  Barbadoes.     i  m.  S.  Bridge-town. 

■  Charles  Fort,  a  fort  of  Ireland,  at  the  eaft 
fide  of  the  entrance  into  Kinfale  harbour,  in 
the  county  of  Cork,     a  miles  S.  Kinfale. 

Charles  Fort,  a  fort  on  the  wefl  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftopher.  i  mile  SE. 
Sandy-Point. 

Charles  Ifland,  an  ifland  in  Hudfon's 
Straits.     Long.  79.  55.  W.  Lat,()%.  40.  N. 

Charles's  ///^Wi/,  a  final  I  ifland  in  that  part 
of  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  called  Royal 
Reach,  about  four  miles  in  length.  5  miles 
SSW.  Fortcfcue's  Bay. 

Charlejloiwi,  a  town  in  the  United  States 
of  America,  in  South-Carolina,  fituated  on 
a  neck  of  land,  at  the  conflux  of  the  rivers 
Alhley  and  Cooper,  both  of  which  are  large 
and  navigable ;  the  Afhley  river  for  fliips  of 
tolerable  burden  20  miles  above  the  town, 
and  for  boats  and  canoes  near  40.  The 
navigation  for  fliips  in  Cooper's  riv^r  does 
not  extend  fo  far,  but  boats  may  advance  far- 
ther. The  union  of  thefe  rivers  below  the 
town  forms  a  convenient  and  fpaclous  har- 
bour, at  adiftance  of  about  feven  miles  from 
the  fea.  The  town  is  regularly  built,  and 
forciiied  before  the  American  war,  as  well  by 
art  as  nature.  The  fituation  is  flat  and  low, 
and  the  water  brackifh;  but  the  country 
round  is  agreeable  and  fruitful ;  the  flreets 
are  well  laid  out,  extending  eaft  and  wefl 
from  river  to  river,  thefe  are  interfered  by 
others,  fo  that  the  town  is  formed  into  a 
number  of  fquares.  The  houfes  built  at 
fir  ft  were  of  wood,  thofe  more  lately  ereded 
of  brick.  The  public  buildings  of  Charles- 
town  are  an  exchange,  town-houfe,  and 
armoury  ;  two  churches  for  Epifcopalians, 
two  for  Independents,  with  other  places  of 
worfhip  for  French  Proteilants,  Methodifts, 
Roman -Catholics,  Prefoyterians,  Quakers, 
and  Jews.  Charkflown  was  incorporated 
in  1783,  and  divided  into  thirteen  wards, 
with  as  many  wardens,  one  of  whom  is 
eleded  intendant  of  the  city.  By  thefe 
wardens  and  intendant  the  city  is  governed, 
and  the  laws  put  in  force.  In  the  year 
1787,  the  number  of  houfes  was  computed 
at  1600,  which  contained  9600  white  inha- 
bitants, and  5400  flavcs.  In  the  year  1791, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  16,359,  <^^ 
whom  7684  were  flaves.  Charleifown  was 
bef"eged  by  the  Brilifli  troops  the  latter  end 
of  March  1780,  and  furrendered  on  the  13th 
of  May,  with  6000  troops  prifoncrs.  Long. 
80.  2.  W.  Lat.  32.  50.  N. 

Charlejioivii,  a  town  of  New  Hampfhirc, 
on  the  Connedicut.  83  miles  NW.  Bofton, 
170  NNE.  New  York. 

L'/'-.r/.y/^-;!;//,  atownof  Rhode  Ifland,  and 


C   H  A 

county  of    Wafliington,   containing   about 
aooo  inhabitants. 

Charlejloivn,  a  town  of  the  flate  of  MafTa- 
chufetts,  and  capital  of  the  county  of  Mid- 
dlefex ;  fituated  on  the  river  Charles,  which 
feparates  it  from  Bofton.  Before  the  Ame- 
rican war,  it  was  nearly  half  as  large  as 
Bofton,  and  capable  of  being  made  as  ftrong, 
ftanding  on  a  peninfula.  It  was  both  a 
market  and  a  county  town,  well  fupplied 
with  lifh  and  provifions  in  general.  The 
inhabitants  were  engaged  in  feveral  manu- 
fadures  of  leather,  lilver,  brafs,  and  pewter, 
in  making  pot-alli,  and  building  fhips.  la 
the  beginning  of  the  American  war  the  Bri- 
tilh  troops  received  orders  to  burn  Charles- 
town,  to  prevent  its  being  made  a  fhelter  to 
the  Americans,  and  on  the  17th  of  June 
1775,  the  whole  town  was  deftroyed.  a 
miles  N.  Bofton. 

Charlejlo'wn,  the  principal  town  of  the 
ifland  of  Nevis,  on  the  weft  coaft.  Lot2g, 
62.  33.  W.  Lat.  17. 14.  N. 

Charlestoivn  of  Ahoyne,  a  town  of  Scotland, 
in  Aberdeenfliire.  It  is  a  burgh  of  barony 
under  the  Earl  of  Aboyne,  with  a  weekly 
market.  This  place  is  much  frequented  by 
invalids,  for  the  benefit  of  goat's  whey.  29 
miles  VV.  Aberdeen. 

Charleval,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure.     10  miles  SE.  Rouen. 

Charleville,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardennes,  on  the  Meufe, 
which  feparates  it  from  Mezieres,  with  a 
bridge  of  communication.  It  was  built  in 
the  year  1660,  by  Gonzago  duke  of  Nevers  ; 
and  before  the  revolution  belonged  to  the 
Prince  of  Conde,  being  exempt  from  the 
general  taxes  of  che  kingdom. 

67v7;-/tv/7/(?,atown  of  Ireland,  inthe  county 
of  Cork,  which  fent  two  members  to  the 
Irifli  parliament.  22  miles  S.  Limerick,  31 
N.  Cork. 

Charley,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Can- 
deifli.     6  miles  S.  Chuprah. 

Charlieu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  12  miles 
NW.  Lyons,  3  N.  Roanne. 

Charlotte,  a  county  of  the  ftate  of  Virginia. 

Charlotte,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  Virginia. 
70  miles  SW.  Richmond. 

Charlotte's  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  Ibuth-eafl 
coaft  of  Nova  Scotia.  Lo?tg.  58.  50.  W. 
Lat.  44.  2,5'  N. 

Charlotte  Fort,  a  fort  near  the  town  of 
Peterfburg,  in  the  flate  of  Georgia. 

Charlotte's  Town,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Dominica,  on  the  weft  coaft,  formerly  called 
Rofeau.     Lo?ig.(i().%i\.\Y.  Lat.  15.25.N. 

Charlotte's  Tow?!,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  John,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Laurence,  fituated 
about  the  centre  of  the  ifland,  towards  the 
fouth  ccaft.   Long. dz.  50.W.  Lat.  46. 15.N. 

Chmhttenberg,  a  town  of  Gftiinany,  in 


C  H  A 

the  county  of  Holzapfel,  built  by  the  French 
refugees.    4  miles  S\V.  Holzapfel.  ". 

Charlotte  River,  a  river  of  Eall-Florida, 
which  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  forming 
a  bay  at  its  mouth,  Long.  8i.  40.  W.  Lat. 
s;.  N. 

C!:arlottcv:herg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Hohenlohe.     3  m.  SE.  Ohringen. 

Charlottei:hurgy  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg,  on  the 
Spree,  chiefly  inhabited  by  Lutherans  and 
Calviniits.  It  owes  its  exigence  to  a  chateau, 
built  in  1696,  by  Charlotte  Sophia  the  firft 
queen  of  Pruflia.  After  her  death  the  king 
endowed  it  with  conliderable  privileges. 
Frederic  II.  embellifhed  and  enlarged  it;  and 
placed  in  the  palace  fome  valuable  antiqui- 
ties, which  he  purchafed  of  the  Cardinal  de 
Polignac,  for  90,000  livres.  Thefe  were 
much  injured  by  the  Rulfians  in  their  in- 
curfions,  and  have  been  iince  1  emoved  to 
Sans-fouci.  The  read  to  Berlin  is  a  grand 
promenade.     3  miles  W.  Berlin. 

Charlottejihurg,  a  town  of  New  Jerfey,  in 
the  county  of  Bergen.  la  miles  N.  Morris- 
town. 

Ckarhttenlund, zxo^Vi  of  Denmark,  in  the 
ifland  of  Zealand.     4  miles  N.  Copenhagen. 

Ckarlottdjlurg,  a  town  of  North-Carolina. 
f8o  miles  W.  Newbern.  Long.  81.  W. 
Lat.  2,!,'  18.  N. 

Charlottcfville,  a  town  of  Virginia,  on  a 
fmall  river,  which  runs  into  the  James  river. 
In  1781,  this  town  was  entered  by  Colonel 
Tarleton,  at  the  head  of  his  cavalry;  where 
betook  prifoners  feven  of  the  aflembly,  and 
deftroyeda  great  quantity  of  ftores  and  prc- 
vifions.  60  miles  NW.  Richmond.  Long. 
78.45.W.  Lat.  38.  3.  N. 

Charlton  I/land,  an  ifland  in  the  fouthern 
part  of  Hudfon's  Bay.  Long.2,o.W.  Lat. 
52.  8.  N. 

Charlton  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the  eaft 
extremity  of  lake  Ontario.  Long.  76.  33.W. 
Lat.  44.  3.  N.  

Charly,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aifne.  6  miles  SW.  Chateau- 
Thierry. 

Chartnes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Vofges.  This  place  i?  famous 
for  a  treaty  between  the  Duke  of  Lorraine 
and  Cardinal  Richelieu,  in  the  year  1633, 
by  v.'hich  the  duke  fyrrendered  the' duke- 
dom to  France.     7  miles  NE.  Mirecourt. 

Charniegol,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Chorafan.     200  miles  IST.  Herat. 

Channond.l,  a  town  of  Bengal.  18  miles 
SE.  Kilhenagur. 

C'Hinmntt  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Marne.     14.  m.  NE.  Vitry. 

Charjuouth,  a  village  of  England,  on  the 
coaft  of  the  county  of  Dorfet,  at  the  mouth 
of  a  fmall  river  called  Char\  v/here  the  Dan.s 
made  a  dd'cent  and  ravaged  the  country  in 


C  H  A 

the  year  833,  when  Egbert  was  defeated; 
and  in  840,  liis  fon  Ethel  wolf  was  defeated 
by  the  fame  enemy,  who  had  again  made  a 
landing.     3  miles  E.  Lyme. 

Charmour,x  town  of  Hinduoflan,  inBcrar. 
66  miles  S.  Nagpour. 

Charnet,  a  river  of  England,  which  rifcs 
in  Stafforddiire,  and  runs  into  the  Dove,  5 
miles  N.  Uttoxeter. 

Charnizay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Indre  and  Loire.  10  miles 
S.  Loches. 

Charny,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Yonne.     19  m.  NW.  Auxerre. 

Charny,  a  town  of  France,  m  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meufe.     3  miles  N.  Verdun. 

Charcllais,  before  the  revolution,  a  fmall 
country  of  France,  called  from  Charolles, 
the  capital  ;  now  in  the  department  of  the 
Saonc  and  Loire. 

Charolles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de-p 
partment  of  the  Saone  and  Loire,  ai  miles 
ESE.  Bourbon  Lancy,  24  \V.  ISIacon. 

Charon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Charente.  9  miles  N. 
Rochefort. 

Charon,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
8  miles  SW.  Fyzabad. 

Charon,  a  river  of  Upper  Canada,  which 
runs  into  lake  Superior,  Z?/;_!f.  85.  W.  Lat. 
47.  20.  N. 

Charonm,  a  village  of  France,  about  i 
mile  E.  Paris. 

Charojl,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cher,  on  the  river  Arnon.  12. 
miles  SW.  Bourges,  6  NE.  liFoudun. 

Charpey,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Drome.     9  miles  E.  Valence. 

Charpoivny,  a  town  of  Bengal.  2>5  niiles 
NNE.  Rangamatty. 

Charrar,  or  Krara,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in 
the.province  of  Hedsjas.  15  m.  E.  Maltura. 

Charrara,-a.X.o\\"a  of  Perha,  in  the  province 
of  Farliilan.     48  miles  NW.  Schiras. 

Charre  Culloti,  a  town  of  Candaliar.  i^% 
miles  SW.  Cabul. 

Cl^arres,  a  town  of  Arabia.  9  miles 
NNE   Sana. 

CharroHx,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
rhent  of  the  Allier.     5  miles  N.  Gannat. 

Charroux,  a  town'of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Vienne.  24  miles  S.  Poitiers, 
4~E.Sivray. 

Chan,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Seine  and  Oife.  9  miles  NW. 
Pontoiit;. 

Charfoorah,  atown  of  Perfia,  in  Chorjf  in. 
10  miles  SW.  Herat. 

Charter,  a  town  of  South-Carolina.  25 
miles  ESE.Camden. 

Chartra'in,  before  the  revolution  a  final! 
country  of  France,  in  the  environs  of  Char- 
tres,  which  is  the  capital. 

Chartre  fur  le  Loir.,  (La,)  a  town  of 


C  H  A 

France,  in  the  department  of  the  Sarte.     is 
m.  SE.  Le  Mans,  6  ENE.  Chateau.du-Loir. 

Chartres,  a  city  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eure  and  Loire,  one  of  the  moft 
ancient  towns  of  the  country;  before  the 
revolution  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fuffragan  of 
Paris;  the  cathedral  is  efteemed  one  of  the 
poft  beautiful  churches  in  the  kingdom.  It 
is  fituatedon  the  Eure,  over  which  is  a  bridge, 
the  work  of  the  celebrated  Vauban,  and  con- 
tains about  ro,ooo  inhabitants.  The  prin- 
cipal trade  is  in  corn.  i8^  pofts  NNE. 
Tours,  I  r  SW.  Paris.  Long.  i.  34.  E.  Lat. 
48-  27.  N. 

Charut  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  miles  S. 
Koonda. 

Charnxjah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Can- 
deifli.     10  miles  S.Hindia. 

Charyhdisi  Ta.  celebrated  whirlpool,  in  the 
gulf  of  Meffina,  between  thecoaft  of  Calabria 
and  the  ifland  of  Sicily :  it  was  very  danger- 
ous in  ancient  times ;  but  it  is  faicl  to  have 
h^zn  entirely  removed  by  an  earthquake  ia 
the  year  1783. 

Chafafa^  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  north 
coaft  of  Fez.  17  miles  S.  Melilla. 
-  Chafansjt  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Agi- 
mere.  11  miles  W.  Rantampour. 
^  Chajjair,  or  Cafair,  a  town  of  Morocco, 
about  r8  miles  from  mount  Atlas  j  near  it  are 
mines  of  lead  and  antimony,  which  the 
iahabitanSj^arry  to  Fez  to  be  difpofed  of. 
75  miles  Ifw.  Fighig. 

Chaffehy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  6  mik's 
K.  Lyon:,. 

Chtfjfi'neuil,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Charente.  11  miles  NE.  La 
Rochefoucault. 

ChaJJenfal.,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Ardeche  not  far  from  its  iburce. 

■Chaffhradci,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partra'eEt  of  the  I,ozere.     8  m.  N.  Villefort. 

CfyaJHersy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ardeche.     10  miles  W.  Viviers. 

ChaJjirov.SJToiver  '■if,)\  light-houle  on  the 
nortl^  point  of  the  ifland  of  OJcron,  near  the 
coaft  of  France,  which  has  two  fires  to  dif- 
tonguifli  it  from  thetftwer  of  Cordovan. 

Chajftrcough,  \  tov/n  of  Thibet.  82  miles 
SE.Lahdack.  Long. t^.x.%.Y..  Lett. :^i,.i%.'^, 

ChaJJel^t,  fee  C'.iTieit't, 

Chajldlar,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mont  Blanc.  9  miles  NE. 
Chambery. 

Chata,  a  town  of  America,  in  the  Ten- 
xiiies  government.     22  m.  SSW.  Knoxville. 

Chatii  Hr.tcha,  a  river  of  "Wefl-Florida, 
u-hich  runs  into  the  gulf  of  Mexicoj  Long. 
84.  46.  W.  Lat.  zo.  24. N. 

Chctahoochee,  a  river  of  Northylmerica, 
which  rifes  in  the  Apalachian  mountains,  on 
the  borders  of  the  Tcnnafee  government, 
crofTes   the  flate  of  Georgia,  and    uniting 


C  H  A 

with  the  Flint  in  Lat.  31.  N.  forms  the 
Apalachicola. 

Chatahoofpa,  a  river  of  Weft-Florida, 
which  runs  into  the  Catahoochee,  Long.  84. 
53.W.  Lat.  31.  4.-!-  N. 

Chataigneraye,  {La,)  a  town  of  France, 
and  principal  place  of  a  difl:ri(ft,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Vendee.  In  April  1793, 
this  town  was  taken  by  the  royalius.  43  m. 
SE.  Nantes,  10  N.  Fontenay  le  Comte. 
Long,  o.  39.  W.  Lat.  46.  41.  N. 

Chata'ifka,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs 
into  the  Enifei  near  Turuchanflc. 

Chataifko,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  the  Enifei.  156  miles  N.Turuchanflc. 

Chata72ga,  a  river  of  Ruflia,  which  runs 
into  the  Frozen  fea,  extending  itfelf  by  the 
addition  of  many  rivers  into  a  large  gulf  at 
its  mouth.     Lat.  74.  40.  N. 

Chaiatighque,  a  lake  of  United  America, 
in  the  ftate  of  New-York.     7  m.  S.  lake  Erie. 

Cha-tcheou,  or  ^la-tcheou,  a  town  of  Alia, 
in  Thibet.  160  miles  SSE.  Hami.  Long. 
95.19.E.  Lat.  40.22.  N. 

Ckatchur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ballo- 
giftan.     15  miles  S.Dadari. 

Chateau  Arnoux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lower  Alps.  7  miles  S. 
Sifierton. 

Chateauhelair  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  wefl:  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Vincent,  in  the  Wefl- 
Indies.    Long.  61.  17.  W,  Lat.  13.  14.  N. 

Chaisau-hoarg,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Ille  and  Vilaine.  7  miles 
W.  Vitre. 

Chateati-hrlanty  a  town  of  France,  and 
principal  place  of  a  diflrid,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Loire,  containing  about 
3C00  inhabitants.  32m.  N.Nantes,  27  SSE. 
Rennes.     Long.  i.  17.W.  Lut.  47.  44.  N. 

Chateau  Canibrefis,  fee  Cateau  Camhrejis. 

Chateau  Chalons,  Tl  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Jura.  6  miles  N.  Lons- 
le-Saunier. 

Chateau  Ch'inon,  a  town  o'i  France,  and 
principal  place  of  a  diflri^t,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Nyevre,  iltuated  near  the  fource  of 
the  Yonne.  It  has  a  coulidcrable  trade  in 
cloth,  leather,  wood,  and  wool.  32  miles 
E.  Nevers,  16  \^'NW.  Autun.  Lang.  4.0. 
E.  Lat.  47.  4.  N. 

Chateau  Cornet^  a  fortrefs  of  the  ifland  of 
Guernicy. 

Chateau  Dauphlne,  a  flrong  fortrefs  of 
Piedmont,inthe  marquiiatcof  SaluzzOjCeded 
to  theDukeof  Savoy  by  the  treaty  of  Utrecht.- 
Itwastakcn  by  the  combined  armies  of  France 
and  Spain,  in  the  year  1744:  the  King  of. 
Sardinia  commanded  the  defence  in  perlbn. 
It  nov/  belongs  to  France.  15  miles  W. 
Saluzzo,  30  SSW.  Turin.  Long.  7.  10.  E. 
Lat.  44.  T>},.  N. 

Chateau-dun,  a  town  of  France,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  didrict,  in  the  department 


C  H  A 

of  the  Eure  and  Loire.  It  contains  two 
churches,"  and  about  30CC  inhabitants.  25  m. 
S.  Chartres.   Lotig.  i,  25.  E.  Lat.  48.  4".  N. 

Chateati-fort,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Siene  and  Oife.  3  miles 
NE.  Chevreufe. 

Chateau  Gay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Puy-de-D6me.  3  miles 
SW.  Riom. 

Ch.iteait  Gerard-,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Yonne.    14  miles  SSE. 

onnerre. 

Chateau  G'tnn,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  [lie  andViiaine.  7  miles 
SE.  Rennes,  4  WNW.  La  Guerche. 

Chateau  Gofnbert,  a  town  of  France,  in 
thedepartment  of  the  Mouths  of  the  Rhone. 
4  miles  NE.  Marfeilles. 

Chateau  Gont'ier,  a  town  of  France,  and 
principal  place  of  a  diftrift,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayenne,  on  the  Mayenne  : 
here  is  a  manufacture  of  linen  and  woollen. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  is  computed  at 
7000.  15  miles  S.  Laval,  i?  W.  Sable. 
Lor.g.  o.  38.  W.  Lat.  47.  50.  N. 

Chateau  d'lf,  a  fortrefs  and  three  f\nall 
iflands  near  the  coaft  of  France,  in  the  Me- 
diterranean.    3  miles  WSW.  Marfeilles. 

Chateau  jfoux^  a  fortrefs  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  Doubs,  near  Pontarlier. 

Chateau  Landon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Seine  and  Marne.  It 
contains  three  parirties.  7  miles  S.  Nen:ours, 
18  SSW.  Montereau. 

Chateau  Latidren,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  North  Coafts.  7  miles 
WNW.  St.  Brieux. 

Chateau-l'tn,  a  town  of  France,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  dillridi,  in  the  department 
cf  Finifterre;  the  inhabitants  carry  on  a  con- 
fiderable  trade  in  flates  for  covering  houfes. 
In  the  environs  are  a  medicinal  fpring,  and 
fome  mines  of  copper  and  iron.  la  miles 
N.  Quimper.  Long.  i,.\.^ .  Lat.  a,%.  12. N. 

Chateau  du  Loir,  a  town  of  France,  and 
principal  place  of  a  diftriift,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sarte.  It  contains  about  2000 
inhabitants.  In  the  environs  is  made  a  great 
deal  of  wine  caiied  claret.  21  miles  NNW. 
Tours,  21  SSE.  Le  Mans.  Lotig.  c.  30.  E. 
Lai.  47.  41.  N. 

Chateau  Lombard,  a  fortrefs  of  Aiiatic 
Turkey,  in  Caramania.  104  m.  SSW.Cogni. 

Chateau  en  Marche,  a  town  of  France,  m 
the  department  cf  the  Lower  Seine.  6  miles 
N.  Montvilliers. 

Chateau  Me'dlant,  a  town  of  France,  and 
principal  place  cf  a  diftrict,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cher,  with  an  ancient  caftle, 
faid  to  have  been  built  by  Julius  Cccfar.  24 
miles  SSE.  IfFoudun,  31  S.  Bourges.  Long. 
a.  17.E.   Lat.^f,.  34.  N. 

Chateau  Neuf,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Cote  d'Or.   17  m.SWDijon. 


'C  H  A 

Chateau  Keuf,  a  town  of  France,  and 
principal  place  of  a  dii^riift,  in  tlic  depart- 
ment of  the  Mavneand  Loire.  13  miles  N. 
Angers,  5  W.  La  Flcche.  Long.  o.  25.  W. 
I^ar.  47.41.  N. 

Chateau  Neuf,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Var.     3  m.  NE.  Graffe. 

Chateau  Neuf,  a  town  of  Frimce,  in  the 
denartmcnt  of  the  Ille  and  ViLine.  7  miles 
S.  St.  Malo. 

Chateau  Neuf,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Saonc  and  Loire.  9  m. 
ESE.  Marcigny. 

Chateau  Neuf,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie 
department  of  the  Loiret.     12  m.E.  Oilcans. 

Chateau  Neuf,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie 
department  of  the  Upper  Vienne.  1 7  miles 
SE.  Limoges. 

Chateau  Neuf  fur  Chareufe,  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Charente. 
10  miles  WSW.  Angoulefme. 

Chattau  Poinfit,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Upper  Vienne.  18 
miles  N.  Limoges. 

Chateau  Portien,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie 
department  ot  the  Ardennes.  It  contains 
about  25C0  inhabitants.   6  miles  W.  Rethel. 

Chateau  Regnault,  a  town  of  France, 
and  principal  place  of  a  diftiicft,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Indre  and  Loire,  ij  m. 
NE.  Tours,  18  W.  B'ois. 

Chateau  Renard,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Loiret.  13  miles 
SW.  Sens,  13  E.  Montargis. 

Chateau  Renard,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Mouths  of  tlie  Rhone, 
celebrated  for  its  excellent  white  v/ine.  9 
miles  NE.  Tarafcon. 

Chateau,  Renard,  atown  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Ardennes.  10  miles 
N\V.  Sedan. 

Chateau  Richer,  a  town  of  Canada,  on 
the  St.  Laurence.     18  miles  NE.  Quebec. 

Chateaugai,-A  river  of  Canada,  which  runs 
into  the  St.  Laurence,  Long.  73.  28.  VV. 
Lat.  45.  25.  N. 

Chateau  Salins,  a  town  of  France,  ,and 
principal  place  of  a  diftrid,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meurte;  fo  called  from  the  fait 
works,  which  are  very  cxtenfivc.  21  mi^es 
SE.  Metz,  I?  NE.  Nancy.  Long.  G.  zs- 
E.  Lat.  48.  49.  N. 

Chateau  'Thierry,  a  town  of  France,  and 
principal  place  of  a  diflri(5f,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aifne,  fituatcd  on  the  Marne, 
and  containing  three  pariflies  ;  near  it  is  a 
meilicinal  fpring.  This  is  the  native  place 
of  the  celebiated  Fontaine.  6  pods  W. 
Epernav,  12  N>iE.  Pans.  Lo?:g.  3.  2^.  E. 
Lat.  .;<).  3-  N'. 

Chateau  Fieu:<,  a  town  of  France,  In  the 
dcpai  tment  of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  8  miles 
SW.  Lyonb-. 

Chateau  la  VaUler,  a  town  of  France,  in 


CH  A 


C  H  A 


the  department  of  the  Indre  and  Loire.  15 
miles  N.Langeais. 

Chateau  ViHa'm,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  ofthelfere.  16  miles  E.  Vienna. 

Chateau  Villain,  a  to^yn  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Upper  Marne.  16  miles 
WN W.  Langres. 

Chateaunenf,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Higher  Alps.  10  miles 
S.  Serres. 

Chateaunenf,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Cher.  14  miles  S.  Bourges, 
13  ESE.  IfToudun. 

Ckateaimeuf  du  Faou,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Finifterie.  16  m. 
KE.  Quimper. 

Chateaimeufde  Galaure,a.to\vn  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Drome.  13  miles 
K.  Romans. 

Chateauneuf  de Mazenc,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Drome.  9  miles  E. 
Montelimart. 

Chateauneuf  du  Pape,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Mouths  of  the 
Rhone.     9  miles  N.  Avignon. 

Chateauneuf  de  R.andcn,  a  town  of  France, 
in  tlie  department  of  the  Lozere.  la  miles 
Is'E.  Mende. 

Chateauneuf  de  Rhone,  a  town  of  France, 
on  eaftfide  of  the  Rhone,  oppolite  Viviers. 

Chateauneuf  en  Thinicrais,  a  town  of 
France,  and  principal  i)lace  of  a  diftrii?-,  in 
the  department  of  the  Eure.  13  miles  NW. 
Chartres,  12  S.  Dreux.  Long.  i.  20.  E. 
Z-/.  48.  35.  N. 

Chateauneuf  an  Val  de  Bargis,  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Nyevre. 
io  nijlesNE.  Charite. 

Chateaurou\,  a  town  of  France,  and  capi- 
tal of  the  departmiint  of  the  Indre,  (ituated 
in  a  fertile  country,  on  the  Indre.  Here  is  a 
large  woollen  manufacture.  It  contains  four 
jniriihes,  and  about  5500  inhabitants.  15 
polls  N.  Limoges,  32  SSW.  Paris.  Long. 
1.46.  E.  Lat.  46.  49.  N. 

Chateauroux,  a  town  of  France,  in  depart- 
ment of  the  higher  Alps.    5  m.  N.  Embrun. 

Chateen,  a  town  of  Little  Bukharia. 

Clhitel,  or  Chate,  a  town  of  France,  in 
tlie  department  of  the  Ardennes.  5  miles 
SE.  Grandprc. 

Chatcl  Ccjfoy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Yonne.     12  m.  W.  Avalon. 

Chatel  Guion,  a  village  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  Puy-de-D6me,  celebrated  tor 
its  mineral  water.    3  miles  N.  Riom. 

Chatel  fur  Mozclle,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Vofges.  10  miles 
E.  Mirecour. 

Chatcl-de-Neuv?,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie 
department  of  the  Allier.    ic  m.  S.  Moulins. 

Chatetdon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Puy-dc-Dome.  i3  miles  ENE. 
Riom. 


Chatelet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Jemappe,  on  the  Sambre.  In 
1635,  this  town  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards. 
In  1637,  it  was  retaken.  In  1649,  it  was 
again  furrendered  to  the  Spaniards.  24  m. 
W.  Mons,  13  W.  Namur.  Long.  4.  40.  E. 
Lat.  ^o.  25. N. 

Chatelet,  {Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
df.-partment  of  the  Seine  and  Marne.  6 
miles  E.  Melun. 

Chatellerault,  a  town  of  France,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  diftriiJl,  in  the  department 
of  the  Vienne.  It  is  iituated  on  the  Vienne, 
and  contains  about  8,000  inhabitants;  the 
principal  employment  is  in  making  clocks 
and  cutlery.  5  poihNNE.Poiftiers,  44SSW. 
Paris.     Long.  o.  2,1  •'^'  Lat.  46. 4g.l>i. 

Chatellet  {Le,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
deparment  of  the  Cher.  6  miles  NNE.  Cha- 
teau Meillant. 

Chatellux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Creufe.   12  m.  SW.  Boullac. 

Chatellux-le-Marchieux,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Creufe.  5  miles 
NE.  Bourganeuf. 

Chatenay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Paris.     6  miles  S.  Paris. 

Chatenois,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Rhine.  3  miles  W. 
Schelellat. 

Chatenoy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Vofges.     6  m.  SE.Neufchateau. 

Chater,  a  river  of  England,  which  joins 
the  Vv'elland  near  Stamford. 

Chatham,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Kent,  on  the  Medway,  united  to 
the  city  of  Rochefter,  of  which  it  is  probably 
a  luburb;  celebrated  for  its  dock,  improved 
;ind  enlarged  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  who  built 
Upnor  caftle  for  its  defence.  Charles  I. 
extended  it  very  conliderably.  An  immenfe 
quantity  of  naval  ftores  of  all  kinds  are  kept 
ready  in  magazines  and  warehoi.fes,  arranged 
in  fuch  regular  orda-,  that  whatever  is  want- 
ed may  be  procured  without  the  leaft  con- 
fulion.  In  the  fmiths'  forge  anchors  are 
made,  fome  of  which  weigh  live  tons.  In 
the  lope-houfe,  which  is  700  feet  in  length, 
cables  have  been  made  120  fathoms  long, 
and  22  inches  round.  Here  are  docks  for 
building  and  repairing  fliips  of  the  largcft 
fize.  On  the  ordnance  wharf,  the  guns  be- 
longing to  each  fhip  are  arranged  in  tiers, 
with  the  name  of  the  fhip  to  which  they 
belong  marked  upon  them,  as  alio  their 
weight  of  metal.  That  excellent  fund  for 
the  relief  of  wounded  feamcn,  called  the 
Cheft  of  Chatham,  was  inftituted  in  the  year 
1588,  after  the  defeat  of  the  Spaniih  armada, 
when  Queen  Elizabeth,  by  advice  of  Sri- 
Francis  Drake,  Sir  John  Hawkins,  and  others, 
afligncd  a  portion  of  every  leaman's  pay  ta 
the  relief  of  feamen  who  have  been  wounded 
or  diiliblcd  in  the  navy.    In  the  year  1667, 


C  H  A 

tlie  Dutch  fleet  took  and  dilrnantled  Sheer- 
nefs,  and  fciiling  up  the  Med  way,  burnt  three 
guard-fhips,  and  attacked  Upnor  calllc,  but 
werercpuU'ed,  and  in  their  return  burnt  and 
damaged  three  men  of  war.  In  i8oi,ithad 
10,505  inhabitants.     30  m.  E.  I,ondon. 

Chatham,  a  feaport  town  of  United  Ame- 
rica, in  the  ftate  of  Connedticut.  12  miles 
ESE.  Windham. 

Chatham,  a  town  of  New  Jerfey.  17  m. 
W.  New-York. 

Chatham,  a  county  of  United  America, 
in  the  fcate  of  Georgia.  Savannah  is  the 
principal  town. 

Chatham,  a  feaport  town  of  United  Ame- 
rica, on  the  fouth-eaft  coaft  of  the  tfate  of 
Mafiiichufets.  Long.  69.  56.  W.  Lat. 
41.  o9-  N. 

Chatham  If.and,  an  ifland  in  tlie  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  difcovered  by  Mr.  Broughton, 
commander  of  the  Chatham,  who  took  pof- 
feffion  of  it  in  the  name  of  George  III.  king 
of  England,  on  the  29th  of  November  1791. 
The  canoes  are  more  in  form  of  a  fmall 
hand-barrow  without  legs,  than  any  other 
thing  to  which  they  can  be  compared,  de- 
crealing  in  width  from  the  after  to  the  fore 
part.  They  were  made  of  a  light  fubftance 
refembling  bamboo,  though  not  hollow, 
placed  fore  and  aft  on  each  lide,  and  fecured 
together  by  pieces  ot  tte  fame  wood,  up 
and  down,  very  neatly  fattened  with  the 
fibres  of  fome  plant,  in  the  manner  of  balket 
work.  Their  bottoms  flat,  and  conftruded 
in  the  fame  way,  v/ere  two  feet  and  eighteen 
inches  in  breadth;  the  openings  of  the  ieams 
on  the  infide  and  bottom  were  ftuffed  witli 
long  fea-weed ;  their  fides  meet  not  abaft 
nor  forward;  their  extreme  breadth  aft  is 
three,  and  forward  tv/o,  feet;  length  eiglit 
and  nine  feet.  In  the  flern  is  a  feat  very 
neatly  made  of  the  fame  materials,  which  is 
moveable.  They  appeared  calculated  alone 
for  hlhing  among  the  rocks  near  the  fnore; 
were  capable  of  carrying  two  or  three  per- 
fons,  and  were  fo  light,  that  two  men  could 
convey  them  any  where  with  eafe,  and  one 
could  haul  them  into  fafety  on  the  beach. 
Their  grapnels  were  ftones,  and  the  ropes 
to  v/hich  thefe  were  made  faft,  v/ere  formed 
of  roatung,  worked  up  in  a  fimilar  way  with 
that  which  is  called  French  finnet.  The 
paddles  were  of  hard  wood,  the  blades  very 
broad,  and  gradually  increaling  from  the 
handle.  The  nets  of  thefe  iflandeis  were 
very  ingenioufly  made,  terminating  in  a  cod 
or  purie ;  the  mouth  was  kept  open  by  a 
rim  of  fix.  feet  in  diameter,  made  from 
wood  of  the  fupple-jack  kind;  th.e  length 
from  eigh;  to  ten  feet,  tapered  gradually  to 
one;  they  were  clofely  made  ;  and  from  the 
center,  attached  to  the  rim  by  cords,  was 
fixed  a  line  for  hauling  them  up.  They 
were  made  of  fine  hemp,  two  llrands  twift- 


C  H  A 

ed  and  knotted  like  a  reef-knot,  and  feem- 
ingly  very  ll:rong.  Tiiey  had  alfo  fcoop- 
nets,  made  ot  the  barker  iibres  of  fome  tree 
or  plant,  without  any  preparation,  and  nctr 
ted  in  etjual  meflies..  Some  of  the  (hip's 
company  penetrated  a  little  into  the  woods, 
but  did  not  fmd  any  huts  or  iiouies,  though 
large  quantities  of  Ihells,  and  places  were 
fires  had  been  made,  were  obferved.  The 
woods  afford  a  dc-lightful  iliade,  and  bcint? 
clear  of  under-growth,  v.ere  in  many  places 
formed  into  harbours,  by  bending  tlie 
branches  when  young,  and  inclofing  t'.icni 
round  with  linaller  trees :  thefe  appeared  to 
have  been  flept  in  very  lately.  The  trees 
of  which  tlve  woods  arc  compolcd  grow  in 
a  moil  luxuriant  manner,  clear  of  fmall 
branches  for  a  confiderable  height,  and  con- 
(ill:  of  level  al  forts;  Ibme  of  which,  th  leaf 
in  particular,  was  like  the  laurel ;  another 
fort  was  jointed  like  the  vine.  None  whs 
feen  that  could  be  dignified  by  the  appella- 
tion of  a  timber-tree.  The  inhabitants  v/ere 
prefented  with  fome  trinkets,  but  leemed 
not  to  entertain  the  leaft  idia  of  barter,  or 
of  obligation  to  make  the  leaft  return,  as  wc 
could  not  prevail  upon  them  to  part  with 
any  thing  excepting  one  fpcar  of  very  rude 
workmanfhip.  On  making  a  bargain  with 
him  who  had  parted  with  the  I'pear  for  his 
coat,  or  covering  of  Il;a-be;ir  flvin,  he  wasfo 
delighted  with  the  reflciftion  of  his  face  in 
the  looking-glaffes  propo'iid  to  exchange, 
that  he  ran  av/ay  with  it.  Some  of  tlieir 
fpears  were  ten  feci;,  others  about  fix  feet, 
in  length,  one  or  tv/o  of  v/hich  were  new, 
with  carved  work  towards  the  handle;  when- 
ever t^hefe  vx'cre  pointed  to,  they  were  im- 
mediately given  to  thofe  behind,  as  if  afraid 
of  our  taking  them  by  force.  The  inhabit- 
ants begining  to  ailault  Mr.  Broughton  and 
his  co'Dpanv,  Ibme  fhot  were  fired  from  the 
boat,  by  which  one  of  the  natives  was  killed. 
The  men  were  of  ^1  middling  fize,  fome 
fioutly  nr-iJe,  v/ell  limbed,. ^hd  flefh'y ;  their 
hair,  both  of  their  head  and  beard,  was  black, 
and  by  fome  was  worn' long.  The  young 
men  had  it  tied  up  in  a  knot  on  the  crown 
of  their  heads,  intermixed  with  blick  and 
white  feathers.  Sr.me  had  their  beards 
plucked  out ;  their  complexion  an.d  general 
colour  is  dark  brov/c,  with  .plain  features, 
and  in  general  bad  teeth ;  their  fitins  were 
dcftitute  of  any  marks,  and  they  had  the 
appearance  of  being  cleanly  in  their  perfons. 
Their  drefs  was  either  a  feal  or  bear  flcin, 
tied  v;ith  finnet  inlidc  outwards  round  their 
necks,  which  f.'ll  bt;!ow  their  hips;  or  mats 
neatly  made,  tied  in  the  lame  manner,  which 
covered  their  backs  and  fhoulders.  Some 
were  naked,  except  a  well-woven  mat  of 
fine  texture,  whicli  b::ing.faflened  at  each 
end  bv  a  firing  round  tnoir  waill,  made  a 
Xort  of  decent  garment.  We  did  not  oL'ferve 


CH  A 


C  H  A 


tRat  their  ears  were  bored,  or  that  they  vore 
any  ornaments  abnut  their  perfons,  except- 
ing a  few,  who  had  a  fort  of  necklace  made 
of  mother  of  pearl  fhells.  Several  had 
fifliing-Hnes,  made  of  the  fame  fort  of  hemp 
with  nets  faftened  round  them.  The  old 
men  did  not  appear  to  have  any  power  or 
authority  over  the  others ;  they  feemed  a 
cheerful  race,  our  conveifation  frequently 
exciting  violent  burfts  of  laugliter  amonaft 
them.  On  our  iirif  landing  their  fui  priie 
and  exclamations  can  hardly  be  imagined  ; 
they  pointed  to  the  f.m,  then  to  us,  as  if  to 
atlc  whether  v/e  had  come  from  thence. 
Black  fe?.-pies  with  red  bills,  blaciv  and  white 
ipotted  curlews  with  yellow  bills,  large 
■wood-pigeons,  a  variety  of  ducks,  fmall  land- 
larks,  and  fand-pipevs,  were  numerous  about 
the  fiicres,  Lovg.  183. 10.  E.  Lat.  44-  S. 

Chatham  Sound,  a  fpacious  channel  or 
found  of  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  between 
the  iilands  of  Dundas  and  Stephens,  and  the 
■weif  coaft  of  North-America. 

Chatham  Strait,  a  channel  of  the  North 
Paciiic  Ocean,  on  the  coaft  of  North-Ame- 
rica, between  King  George  the  Third's 
Archipelago  and  Admiralty  ifland  ;  rather 
more  than  100  miles  in  lengtli  from  north 
to  fouth.  This  ftrait  Mr.  Whidbey,  Capt. 
Vancouver's  mate,  confiders  as  likely  to  be 
one  of  the  nioft  proiitable  places  for  pro- 
curing the  flcins  of  the  fea-otter  on  the  whole 
coall;  not  only  from  the  abundance  ob- 
ferved  in  the  polli^flion  of  the  natives,  but 
from  the  inmienfe  number  of  thofe  animals 
feen  about  the  fliores  in  all  direclions.  Here 
the  fea-otters  were  in  fuch  plenty,  that  it 
was  eahly  in  the  power  of  the  natives  to 
,  procure  as  many  as  they  chofe  to  be  at  the 
;v^     trouble  of  taking. 

ChathaiJi  Bay,  or  Punjo  Bay,   a  bav  on 
the  fouth-well  coall:  of  Ealt-Florida,  in  the 
gulf  of  Mexico.     Long.Zi.  30.  W.    Lat. 
'      2j.  30.  N.      _ 

Chati,  or  Khatl,  a  town  of  Arabin,  in  the 
province  of  Hedsjas,  near  the  Pcrfian  gulf, 
'v     ^o  miles  NE.  Lachfa. 

Chat'dlon,   a  town   of  France,   in  the  de- 
■     partment  of  Pwis.  4  miles  SS  W.  Paris. 

Chat! Hon,  a  town  of  France,  in   the  de- 

partmen  tof  the  Drome.  10  m.  NW.  Lyons. 

Chat'dlon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 

'     partment  of  Mont  Blanc,  on  Lake  Bourget. 

ij  miles  N.  Chambcry. 

Chotillcn,   a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Dora,  where  the  Auftrians 
were  defeated  by  the  French  in   1800,  on 
-    the  Dora  B;tltea.  9  miles  SE.  Aofta. 

Chat'dlon  tn  Barois,  a  tovvn  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Nyevrc.  8  miles 
NW.  Moulins. 

Chat dlo)i  fur  k  Cotes,  a  tov/n  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Meulc.  6  miles  E. 
Verdun, 


Chatillon  fur  Courtine,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Jura,  7  miles  E. 
Lons-le-Ssunicr. 

Chatillon  les  Donibes,  a  town  of  France, 
and  princip  il  place  of  a  diffrict,  in  the  de- 
parnienr  oi  the  Ain.  i a  miles  SW.  Bourg 
en  BreJTe.     Long   5    a.  E.    Z^/.  46.  7.N. 

Chatillon  fur  Indre,  a  town  ot  France, 
and  principal  piace  of  a  diftridt,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Indie.  33  miles  NW.  Cha- 
teauroux,  11  SSE.  Loches.  Long.  i.  15.  E. 
Lat.  46.  59.  N. 

Chaiiilon  far  Loing,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Loiret;  containing 
about  1700  inhabitants.  12  m.  S.  Montargis. 
Chatillon  fir  Loire,  jt  town  of  France, 
in  the  uepartmtnt  of  the  Loiret.  9  miles 
SE.  Gie:i. 

Chatillon  fir  Marne.  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Marne.  9  miles 
WNW.  Fipernay. 

Chatiilon  de  Michaille,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Ain.  7  miles  E. 
Nantua. 

Chatillon  fir  Saone,  a  town  of  France,  ia 
the  department  of  the  Vofges.  9  miles  SE. 
La  Marc  he. 

Chatillon  fur  Seine,  a  town  ol  Fiance,  and 
principal  place  of  a  dillricf,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cote  d'Or.  Tiie  town  is  large, 
though  only  one  p^rifh,  and  is  built  on  both 
ildes  of  the  Seine.  Tlicre  are  fome  iron 
forges  in  the  neighbourhood.  38  miles  NW. 
Dijon,  24  E.  Tonnerre.  Long.  4.  36.  E. 
Lat.  47.  51.  N. 

Chatillon  la  Sevre,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Two  Sevres.  36  miles 
N.  Niort,  21  W.  Thouars. 

Chatillon  en  VerJelais,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  lUe  and  Vilaine, 
6  miles  N.  Vine. 

Chatviel,  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
SE.Nattore. 

Chatna,  a  town  of  Bengal.  56  miles 
NNW.  Midnapour.  Long.  lb.  50.  E.  Lat. 
23.  lo.N. 

Cbatonnay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Here.  15  miles  E.  Vienne, 
22  SE.  Lyons. 

Chatra,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  B:-.har. 
18  miles  S.  Patna. 

Chatrc,  (La,)  a  town  of  France,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  dillridf,  in  the  department  of 
the  Indre.  Here  is  a  v.-oolien  manufacture, 
and  the  inhabitants  carry  on  a  large  trade  in 
cattle;  it  has  two  churches.  18  miles  SSE. 
Chateauroux,  22  S.  lifoudun.  Long.  2-  4. 
E.  Lat.  46.  35.  N. 

Chati^y,  a  town  of  Hindoofian,  in  the 
circar  ofEllore.    20  miles  N.  Ellore. 

Chatrunt,  a  town  of  Kindooltan,  in  My- 
fore.     18  miles  S.  Bangalore. 

Chatf'u.'orth,  a  tcv.'n  cl  Virginia,  on  James 
river.    4  miles  SE.  Richmond. 


C  H  A 

Clyatter'is,  a  tov/n  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Cambridge.  In  1801,  it  contained 
2319  inhabitants.  12  miles  WNW.  Ely, 
71  N.  London. 

Chatlerpour,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in 
tlie  country  of  Allahabad.  158  miles  SE. 
Agra,  120  ESE.  Allahabad.  Long.  79.57. 
E.  I^at.  25.  N. 

Chatterton,  a  townHiip  of  England,  in 
Lancalhire.  In  1801,  it  contained  3452  in- 
habitants, uf  v/hom  22 J 6  were  employed  in 
trade  and  manufadlure,  7  miles  NNE.  Man- 
chcrter. 

Chattlhdrry,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Surgooja.     20  m.  NNE.  Surgooja. 

Chattoiir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     16  miles  SW.  Madura. 

Chain,  a  river  of  North-America,  which 
runs  into  lake  Michigan,  Long.  85.  50.  V/. 
Lat.U.  ID.  N. 

Ckatuga,  a  town  of  America,  in  the  Ten- 
nafee  government.     3  miles  SW.  Tellico. 

Ckatiali,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Sewee  country.    60  miles  WNW.  Chatzan. 

Chatzan,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Scwee  country.  90  miles  W.  Moultan,  210 
S.  Cabal. 

Chau,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Sennaar.     20  ilniles  SE.  Gieflin. 

Cbanaignes,  a  town  ot  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Maine  and  Loire.  12  miles 
S.  Angers. 

Chavaimy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  2 1  miles 
S.  Lyons. 

Chavanr^e,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ain.     8  m.WNW.  Bourg. 

Ckavange,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
part, of  the  Aube.    18  m.  E.  Arcis  fur  Aube. 

Chauca  Mayo,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  au- 
dience of  Lima.    40  miles  N.  Xauxa. 

Chaudeburg,  a  village  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mofelle,  celebrated  for  its 
medicinal  waters,  near  Thionville. 

Ckaiides-Aigiies,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Cantal,  which  takes  its 
name  from  a  hot  mineral  fpring.  The  prin- 
cipal commerce  is  in  lldns  and  glue.  12  m. 
S.  St.  Flour. 

Chaudkre,  a  '•iver  of  Canada,  which  runs 
into  the  river  St.  Laurence,  over  a  precipice 
of  120  feet  perpendicular,  6  miles  above 
Quebec.  Long.  71.12.  W.  Lat.  46.  43.  N. 

Chaudrofi,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  15  m. 
SW.  Angers. 

Chaves,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tra  los  Montes,  near  the  confines 
of  Spain,  defended  by  a  caftle,  walls,  and 
baftions,  fituated  on  the  Tamega,  founded 
by  the  Emperor  Trajan,  and  called  Aqua 
Flavia  -,  feveral  veftiges  exift  of  its  ancient 
magnificence.  This  town  was  taken  by  the 
S^aniardj?  uoder  Genera!  O'RtiUy,  yi  the 


C  H  A- 

year  1762.     36  miles  W.Bragan^a.    Long. 
7.  14- W.  Zt7/.  41.  42.  N. 

Ckaufaiile,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  12  miles 
E.  Marcigny. 

Chauk,-i.  town  of  Bengal.  4  m.S.  Goragot. 

Chauknuda,  a  town  of  Africa,  near  the 
river  Gambia,  in  the  kingdom  of  Jemanow. 

Chnul,  a  town  of  Hindoolfan,  on  the  coalt 
of  Malabar,  with  a  good  port,  and  defended 
by  a  citadel,  taken  in  1507  by  the  Portu- 
guefe.    18  miles  S.  Bombay. 

Chaulan,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Fez.    10  miles  SE.  Fez. 

Chanlnes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Seine  5c  Loire.  20  m.ESE.Paris- 

Chaidmes,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.     7  miles  S.  Peronne. 

Chau7)2erg!:y,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Jura,     9  miles  W.  Poligny, 

Chaunwtit  en  BoJJigiiy,  a  city  of  Fiance, 
and  capital  of  the  department  of  the  Upper 
Marne,  iituated  on  a  mountain,  near  the 
river  Marne.  Here  is  a  manufadfure  of 
coaife  woollen  cloth,  and  a  confiderable 
trade  in  deer  and  goats'  fl<ins.  4  pofts 
NNW.  Langres,  29  ESE.  Paris.  Long.  5 . 
14.  E.   Lat.  48.  7.  N. 

Chauvwnt,  a  town  of  France,  and  princi- 
pal place  of  a  diftriiTt,  in  the  department  of 
the  Oife  ;  it  takes  its  name  from  an  artificial 
mountain,  on  which  a  fortrefs  was  built,  as 
a  boulevard  of  France,  when  Normandy  was 
in  the  hands  of  theEnglilh.  13  miles  SSW. 
Beauvais,  33  W.  Senlis.  Long.  i.  ^Z.Y^.Lat. 
49-  15- N. 

Cha?no>!t,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lcman.     6  m.  NE.  Seiifel. 

Ckatmiont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Forefts.     6  m.  S.  Baftogne. 

Chaumo'ii,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardennes.  9  miles  NNW- 
Rethe!. 

Chaiiviont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  did- 
paitment  of  the  Loire  and  Cher.  17  milci. 
E.  Blois. 

Chaumtijfay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Indre  and  Loire.  \%  miles 
S.  Loches. 

Chaiimuzy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Marne.     8  m.  SW.  Reims. 

Chaimay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Vienne.     6  miles  NW.  Civray. 

Chauukey,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.  20  miles  N.Bettiah.  Long.  84.  36.  E.- 
Laf.  27.  3.  N. 

Chauno,  a  town  of  Bengal.  13  miles  S- 
Koonda. 

Chauny,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftridl,  in  the  department  of  the 
Ailhe,  on  the  Oife.  a  pofts  E.  Noyon,  4  N. 
Soiflons.     Lorg.  3.  iS.  E.   Lat.  49.   37.  N". 

Chaup,  (La, J  a  town  of  F.'ancc,  in  the 
department  of  the  Drome*  id  m.  E.  LeBuiSrJ 


CHE 


CHE 


Chanques,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  South  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  between  the  ifland  of  Chiloe 
and  the  coaft  of  Chili.     J^t.  43.  20. S. 

Chaurlatt  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Puy-de-D6me.  4  miles 
Isj  W.  Billom. 

ChaurirA,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Puy-de-D6me.  8  miles  E. 
Clermont. 

Chans,  or  Ciiji,  the  moft  eaflerly  and  moft 
extenfive  province  of  the  kingdom  of  Fez  ; 
in  general  mountainous,  ftoney,  and  unfruit- 
ful; but  in  feme  places  fertile,  and  capable  of 
feeding  numerous  herds  of  cattle. 

CkauJJiy,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Englifh 
channel,  near  the  coaft  of  France.  8  m.  W. 
Granville.  Lo7ig.  i.  48  W.  Lat.a,%.  50.  N. 

Cha!iffi?i,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Puy-de-D6me.  9  miles  S.  Dole. 

Chaiitlaiu  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Chiapa:  the  inhabitants  carry  on  a 
conilderable  trade  in  cocoa,  pottery,  fait, 
and  dates. 

Ckautra,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  15  miles 
N.  Agra. 

Ckauvigny.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Vienne,  on  the  Vienne.  iz  miles 
E.  Poi6tiers. 

Chaux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
'  ment  of  the  Charente.     20  miles  SW.  An- 
goulefme. 

°  Chaux  de  Fonds,2L  large  and  beautiful  vil- 
lage of  SwifTerland,  in  the  principality  of 
Neufchatel,  and  capital  of  a  jurildiftion. 
which  produces  very  little  corn,  but  feeds  a 
great  nmnber  of  cattle.  The  inhabitants  are 
induflrious,  and  annually  export  from  10  to 
i6,oco  watches  of  gold  and  filver.  9  miles 
KNW.  Neufchatel. 

Chaya,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Malvva. 
-8  miles  SSW.Seronge. 

Chayah'Uast  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  audience  of  Quito.  80  miles  WSW. 
St.  Yago  de  la  Laguna. 

Chayautas,  a  town  of  Peru,  which  gives 
name  to  a  jurisdiction  about  120  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, under  the  viceroyalty  of  Buenos 
Ayres.  25  miles  SE.  Oruro.  Zw/^.  67.  42. 
W.  7.^?.  18.  50.  S. 

Chaynpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.  22  miles  W.  SafTeram.  Lo7ig.  83. 43. 
E.  Z^/.  25-3-N. 

Chazay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  8  miles  NW. 
Lyons. 

Chazelet,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  the  indre.    7  miles  SSW.  Argenton. 

Chazelles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dc- 
partmcut  of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  21  miles 
WSW.  Lyons. 

Che,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third  rank, 
in  Konan.     36  miles  V/NW.  Se. 

Chccidic,  a  tov.'n  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Stalford,  in  a  country  abounding  with 


coal ;  there  are  very  extenfive  copper  and 
brafs  works  in  the  neighbourhood.  It  has  a 
market  on  Fridays;  and  in  1801,  contained 
2750  inhabitants.  15  miles  NE.  Stafford, 
146  NNW.London.Zcz?^.2.W.  Z«/.53.N. 

Cheadle  Eulkeky,  a  townfliip  of  England, 
in  Chefhire.  In  i8or,  the  population  was 
1577,  and  120  employed  in  manufaftures. 
Adjoining  is  Cheadl  Mofeley,  with  971  inha- 
bitants, and  645  employed.  3  miles  SW. 
Stockport. 

Cheall,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Lahore. 
22  miles  SE.  Lahore. 

Cheapo,  a  river  of  America,  which  runs 
into  the  Bay  of  Panama.  This  is  a  confi- 
derable  river,  but  the  entrance  is  unfafe  for 
fhips,  on  account  of  the  flioals.  30  miles  E. 
Panama. 

Cheapo,  a  town  of  America,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Panama,  on  the  river  Cheapo.  The 
chief  fupport  of  the  inhabitants  is  feeding 
cattle. 

Cheat,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which  runs  into 
the  Monongahela.  5  miles  N.Morgan-town. 

Chebhe,  fee  Egra. 

Cheher  Sebz,  lee  Kech. 

Ckehih,  or  'Tellitz,  a  mountain  of  Africa, 
in  the  kingdom  of  Fez,  on  which  are  feveral 
towns. 

ChehuHo  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth-eafl 
coaft  of  Nova  Scotia.  Long.  63.3I.W. 
Lat.  a,i,.  40.  N. 

Ckeburgav,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Chorafan, 
near  the  Gilion.  It  was  taken  by  Timur  Bee. 

Checa,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caftile. 
17  miles  SSE.  Molino. 

Checay,  a  town  ofNewMexIco,in  the  pro- 
vince of  Cinaloa.    54  miles  NW.  Cinaloa. 

Che-cheou,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Kou-quang,  on  the  river  Yang-tfe. 
32  miles  ENE.  Fong. 

Chcchmeband,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the 
province  of  Segeftan.     70  m.  NW.  Zareng. 

Chechnmrat,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ardirbeitzan.     200  m.  NE.Tabris. 

Chec}?ianjtk,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
Natojia.     12  miles  E-  Scalanova. 

Checo,  a  town  of  Thibet.  70  m.  SSE.  LafTa. 

Checo,  or  Kccio,  or  Totig-tonu,  a  town  of 
Aha,  and  capital  of  the  country  of  Tonquin, 
iituated  on  the  river  Sonkoi,  100  miles  from 
its  mouth. 

Che-coTtg,?>.to\vvi  ofChina,ofthe third  rank, 
in  Se-tchuen.     10  miles  SE.  Tong-tchouen. 

Chedahucio  Bay,  a  bay  at  the  eafliern  ex- 
tremity of  Nova  Scotia.  Long.  61.  10.  W. 
Lat.  45.  35.  N._ 

Cheder,  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Somerfet,  celebrated  for  its  excel- 
lent cheefe.     7  miles  NW.  Wells. 

Cf?edcy  or  Citti,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Cyprus,  on  the  fouth  coaft.  10  miles  S. 
Larnic. 

Cr.idhaii,  an  ifland  in  the  bay  of  Bengal, 


CHE 

near  the  coaft  of  Ava,  thirty  miles  long,  and 
nine  wide.  Lmg.ciT,.^,^.  E.  Lnt.  i8.  51.  N, 

Cheeh:ico,2.  town  orHindooltan,  in  Oude. 
25  miles  SSE.  Bahraitch. 

Chci'go  Hiili,  hills  of"  Hindooftan,  near 
the  fouth  coalt  of  the  country  of  Gutch. 

Checgo  Miuidi,  a  town  of  Hindoolltan,  in 
the  country  of  Cutch,  at  the  mouth  of  tlie 
river  Caggar.  22  miles  SW.  Boogeboge. 
Long.  68.  42.  E.     Lat.  2:^  5.  N. 

CA-'.-'/z^r-CZv/z,  a  town  of  Thibet.  8  miles  S. 
Jemlah,     Zj/zjf.  81.  .^7.  E.    Lat.  ^o  27.  N. 

Ckecra,  a  town  of  Hindooifan,  in  MaKva. 
8  miles  NE.  Bopaltol. 

Ckeeran,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Baliar, 
on  the  left  bank  af  the  Ganges.  18  miles 
Vr.  Patna,  9  ESE.  Clrjpra. 

Cheefddaivd,  a  lake  of  North-America, 
about  ieventy  miles  in  circumtercncc.  Lo7ig. 
106,  W.     Lat.  63.  15,  N. 

Cheetapour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.  10  miles  NW.  Kairabad.  Long. 
81.  E.    Z;?^.  27.  35.  N. 

Cheetmow,  a  town  of  Bengal.  28  miles 
S.  Palamow. 

Che-fang,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Se-tchuen.     10  miles  NW.  Han. 

Chef-Boatonne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Two  Sevres.  8  miles 
S.  Melle. 

Chefete  Kan,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey, 
in  Caramania.     100  miles  E.  Cogni. 

ChejTfs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  9  miles  N. 
Angers. 

Ckegford,  or  Chagford,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  of  Devon,  with  11 15 
inhalsitants.     15  miles  W.  Exeter. 

Chegiafar,  a  town  of  Pcrha,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irak.  100  miles  WSW.  Hamadan. 

Cheha^M,  a  town  of  the  itate  of  Georgia. 
16-  miles  WSW.  Augurta. 

Chcherejlon,  a  tov/n  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irac,  eafl  of  ifpahan,  to  which  it 
appears  as  a  fauxbourg. 

Chejou,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Lahore. 
50  miles  E.  Jallindar. 

Cbe/fo,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Grecian  Ar- 
chipelago. Long.  25.  38.  E.  Lat.  36.  55- N. 

Chelto,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Farfiftan.    12c  miles  S.  Schiras. 

Cheitore,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Oudipour,  formerly  one  of  the 
principal  fortreftes  of  India,  and  relidence  of 
the  Rana,  chief  of  the  Rn-jpoots,  now  re- 
iTiOved  to  Oudipour-,  fituated  on  a  very  high 
mountain,  and  faidby  fome  to  be  feven  miles 
in  circumference,  by  others  eight,  and  by 
PerfiAn  authors  reprefented  to  be  ten,  fur- 
rounded  with  towers  and  baft  ions;  and, 
from  the  foot  of  the  mountain  to  the  top, 
laid  to  be  two  miles  and  a  half,  and  by  fynie 
iive  miles;  a  barrier  of  feven  gates  mult  be 
pafTed.  Such  a  fortrefs  aslhis,  fupplied  with 

VOL.L 


CUE 

every  neceffary,  might  be  fuppofed  impreg- 
nable; but  It  was  taken  after  a  long  fiege 
by  tlie  King  of  Delhi.  y\fter  fomc  years,  it 
came  into  the  power  of  the  Rana,  or  prince 
of  the  Rajpoots;  from  whom  it  was  taken 
by  the  emperor  Acbar,  who  laid  it  wafte 
with  great  carnage,  put  the  garrilon  to  the 
edge  of  the  Iword,  and  blew  up  the  towers 
with  gunpowdci-.  After  the  Mogul  troops 
were  diiven  away,  the  Rana  began  to  repair 
it,  but  not  in  its  ancient  fplcndour,  and  even 
thcfj  repairs  were  deftroycd  by  another  in- 
vafion  of  the  Moguls.  It  is  now  nearly 
deferted,  and  become  a  refort  of  tigers  and 
other  beafts  of  prey.  43  miles  N.  Odipour, 
76  S.  Agimere.  Long.  74.  55.  E.  Lat.  25. 
22.  N. 

Chekvan,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen. 
4c   miles  S.  Saade. 

Ckc-kang,  a  town  of  China,  ofthetliird 
rank,inKiang-nan.  7,3  m.ESE.Tchi-tcheou. 

Chcki,  a  town  of  the  principality  of  Geor- 
gia, between  Teflis  and  the  Kur. 

Cbekontifnis  Indians,  Indians  of  Canada, 
on  the  coaft  of  the  river  Saguenay. 

Chc-lcoH,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Chan-ii.     42  m.  SW.  Fuen-tcheou. 

Ckelbncotta,  fee  Challan/cotally. 

Chelles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Seine  andMarne.  King  Chil- 
deric  was  murdered  near  this  town.  12 
miles  WSW.  Meaux. 

Chelm,  a  town  of  Auftrian  Poland,  and 
capital  of  a  palatinate  to  which  it  gives  name ; 
the  fee  of  a  Roman  bifhop,  fuffragan  of 
Lemberg,  and  a  Greek  bifliop,  fuffragan  of 
Kiev.  It  is  very  much  gone  to  decay  ;  the 
palatinate  is  partly  fubjcv^t  to  RuL^ia,  and 
partly  to  Auftria.  On  8th  June,  1794,  the 
Poles  were  defeated  by  the  Pruilians,  near 
this  town.  108  miles  SE.Warfaw,  396  E. 
Breflaw.     Long.  23.  34.  E.  Lat.  50.  5  7.  N. 

Chchncr,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs 
into  the  lea  a  little  below  Maiden. 

Chetm'tcz,  a  tov/n  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Minfk.     50  miles  E.  Mozyr. 

Cheb/isford,  a  tov/n  of  England,  and  prin- 
cipal town  of  the  county  of  Efi'ex,  lituated 
at  the  confiux  of  the  Chelmer  and  the  Can; 
where  the  alfizes  and  the  quarter-ldfions  for 
the  county  are  held,  and  mem'.'ers  of  par- 
liament tor  the  county  arc  chofen.  The 
market  is  held  every  Friday,  and  well  fup- 
plied  with^corn  and  meat.  In  1801,  the 
number  of  inhabitants  was  3755.  Chelms- 
ford fent  members  to  onefeffion  of  parliament 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  In  the  night 
of  January  17th,  1800,  the  nave  of  the 
church,  which  was  a  handfome  ftrudure, 
fell  in.  22  m.  W.  Colchelfer,  29 E.Lyndon. 
Xo«^.  0.34-E'    Z-a/.  51.  44- N. 

Chehiifce,  fee  Culmcnjle. 

Chdn:ze,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  paiati- 
natc  of  Culru.     8  miles  S£-  Culm. 


CHE 


CHE 


Ckeht,  a  town  of  the  Old  Mark  of  Bran- 
denburg.    3  miles  NW.  Salzwedel. 

Chelouj,  fee  Scb'ilu. 

Chelfea,  a  large  and  populous  village   of 
England,  in  the  county  of  Middlefex,   litu- 
ated  on  the  north  fide  of  the  Thames,  near 
London  ;  where'  flands  th  it  great  hofpital 
erected  for  the  afylum  of  difabled  or  decayed 
foidiers,    and  one  of  the  beft  of  the  kind. 
The  original  building  on  tlie  fpot  was  a  col- 
lege, founded  bvDr.Sutldiff,  dean  ofExeter, 
in  the  reign  of  King  James  I.   {'or  the  ftudy 
of  polemic  divinity ;  but  the  fum  fettled  by 
Dr.  SutklifF  being  far  unequal  to  the  end 
propofed,   the  reft  was  left  to  private  con- 
tributons;  and  thefe  coming  in  fiowly,   the 
■work   was  flopped  before  it  was   finifhed, 
and  therefore  fell  to  ruin.     At  length   the 
ground  on  which  the  old  college  was  ereded 
becoming  efcheated  to  the  crown,   Charles 
II.  began  to  ere6i:  the  prefent  hofpital,  which 
was  carried  on  by  James  II.  and  completed 
by  William  and   Miry.     The  expence   of 
ercvSling  thefe  buildings  is  computed  to  have 
amounted  to  i5o,oooi-  and  the  extent  of  the 
ground  is  above  forty  acres.     In  the  wings 
are  fixteen  wards,   in  which  are  accommo- 
dations for  above  400  men,   and  there  are 
beftdes,  \f\  the  other  buildings,   a  conlider- 
able  number  of  apartments  for  officers  and 
fervants.     Thefe  pcniioners  confift  of  fuper- 
annuated  veterans,   who  have  been  at  leaft 
twenty  years  in  the  army ;  or  thofe  foidiers 
who  are  difabled  in  the  fervice  of  the  crown. 
They  wear  red  coats  lined  withblue,  and  are 
provided  with  all  other  clothes,  diet,  wafh- 
ing,  and  lodging.     The  governor  has  500I. 
a  year:  thelieurenant-goyernor  ^50!.  and  the 
major  150I.     Thirty-fix  oilicers  are  allowed 
lixpence  a  day;  thirty-four  light  hoifemen, 
and  thirty  ferjeants   have   two  fliillings  a 
week  each;  forty-eight  corporals  and  drums 
have   tenpence    per   week;    and    336    pri- 
vate men  ate  each  allowed  eight-peace  per 
week;  the  out-penfioners,  who  amount  to 
between  eight  and  nine  thoufand,  have  each 
7I.  us.  6d.  a  year.     Thele  great  expences 
are  fupported  by  a  poundage  deducted  out 
of  the  pay  of  the  army,  with  one  day's  pay 
once  a  year  from  each  officer  and  common 
.  foldier.      Here   likevvife  is  a    confiderable 
place  of  public  refurt,  called  Ranelagh,  from 
the  title  of  the  nobleman  to  whom  the  eftate 
belonged.     In  1801,   the    population    was 
•J  1,604,  of  which  trade   and  manufadures 
•  employed  1069. 

67';?//,  a  river  of  England,  which  rifcs  in 
Ciouccllerfhirc,.  and  paffes  by  Cheltenham 
to  tlie  Severn. 

Chtdtaikani.,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 

county   of  Glouceller,    celebrated  for   its 

nv--dicii;al  waters,  within    a  ic^  ye-.u^s  be- 

.  coiuc  a  place, of  public  re  fort:  "-tA  hoiiourcd 


v/iththe  refidence  of  the  royal  family  in  the 
year  1788.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants was  3076.  It  has  a  weekly  market 
on  Thurfdays.  10  miles  ENE.  Gloucefter, 
94  NW.  London.  Long.  %.\<).W.  Lat. 
jr.  54.N. 

Chdva,  or  Xelva,  a   town   of  Spain,   in 
Valencia.     18  miles  SW.  Segorbe. 
Chclimi,  a  river  of  India,  fee  Behat. 
Chemach,  or  Kei?iach,  a  tov/n  of  Afiatic 
Tui  key,  in  the  fouthern  part  of  Caramania. 

Chcnm!,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
ofChulidan.     110  miles  S.  Sufter. 

Cheviaze,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mayenne.  4  miles  SW.  Cha- 
teau Gontier. 

Chenichu  Bay.,  a  bay  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Cochinchina.  X^/.'^.iog.i.E.  Z^j". 13.36.  N. 
Chc-vioi,  a  town  of  China,   of  the  third 
rank,  in  Tche-kiang.  %o  m.  SSW.  Kia-hing. 
Chejuerc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
menjt  of  the  Mayenne.     13  miles  SE.  Laval. 
Ci\'!!icry,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ardennes.     7  miles  S.  Sedan. 

Cheniillie,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire,  on  the 
Iromme.     10  miles  NE.  Chollet. 

Chemin,  a  river  of  America,   which  runs 
into  Lake  Michigen.     Long.  86.   ^S'   W. , 
Lat.  42.  15.  N. 

Ckemir.o!:,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Marne.  10  miles  E.  Vitry 
ie  Frangois. 

Chemnitz.,  or  KenmilZy  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  circle  of  Erzgebirg,  containing 
three  churches  and  an  hofpital.  This  was 
anciently  an  imperial  town,  but  in  1308 
fubmitted  itfelf  to  the  Marggrave  Frederick, 
as  protcftor,  and  in  i:;i2  as  fbvercign. 
36  WSW.  Drefden,  33  SW.  MeifTen.'Zo;;^. 
12.  50.  E.     Zy?;.  50.  45.  N. 

Chemnitz,  a  river  of  Germany,   which 

rifes  in  the  circle  of  Upper  Saxony,   and 

runs  into  tlie  JNIuldau,  5  miles   NE.  Penig. 

CheiKJiltz,  lee  Karnnttz. 

Chemorchy,  a  town  of  Bootan.    50  miles 

S.  Tafl'afludon. 

Chenango,  a  river  ofNew-York,  which  runs 
into  the  Sufquehana,  two  miles  S.  Chenango. 
Chenango,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  New- 
York.     12';  miles  NW.  New- York.    Long. 
76.  W.  jL^/.  42.  48.  N. 

Chenanga,A  county  of  New-York, bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  lake  and  county  of 
Oneida,  on  the  eafl  by  the  counties  of  Ot- 
fego  and  Dclav^are,  on  the  fouth  by  tlie 
county  of  Tioga,  and  on  the  weft  by  the 
counties  of  Tioga  and  Onondaga.  60  miles 
long  from  nortli  to  fouth,  and  from  15  to 
20  broad. 

Ckcnay,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  ihe  Two  Sevres.  8  miles  SE.  St. 
Maixcnt. 


CHE 


CHE 


Chenco  Buy,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of   gold  mines,  which,  for  poh'tical  rcafons,  arc 

not  allowed  to  be  open:  gold  dulUs  wallied 
down  in  fach  abundance,  among  the  liind 
of  the  torrents  and  rivers,  that  a  number  of 
people  have  no  other  fubliltenee  but  what  they 
gain  by  colke'Hng  it.  Travellers  remark 
that  the  natives  of  this  country  arc  more  po- 
Hte  and  alKible  to  Ilrangers,  and  have  greater 
genius  than  the  Chinefe  of  the  northern 
provuices.  Tliis  province  is  divided  into  two 
parts,  the  eaftern  and  weftern  ;  and  contains 
eight  fou,  or  cities  of  the  firlb  clafs,  and 
io6  of  the  fecond  and  third.  According 
to  the  calculation  of  Sir  George  Staunton, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  in  this  province 
amounts  to  30  millions.  Si-nganfou  is  tlit: 
capital. 

Chen-tang,  fee  Tjicn-tang. 

Chen-yang,  or  Moug-den,  a  city  of  Chi- 
nefe Tartary,  and  capital  of  a  department,  or 
dillridt,  in  the  country  of  the  Mantchcw 
Tartars,  fituated  on  an  eminence;  the  Mant- 


the  ifland  of   Sumatra.     Long.   100.  10.  E 
Lat.  I.  II.  S. 

Chcr.coHv,  or  Chemkon,  a  town  of  Arme- 
nia, on  the  frontiers  of  Georgia,  which  has  a 
beautiful  caftle,  grand  caravanferas,  and  fe- 
veral  molques.     160  miles  NE.  Erivan. 

Cksnd't,  or  Chandi,  a  town  of  Africa,  in 
the  country  of  Nubia,  the  capital  of  a  dif- 
tri»5t,  containing  aboi'.t  250  houfes.  Long. 
33.^25.  E.     jL.7/.  16.  39.N. 

Ckendi-reycaconda,  a  town  of  Hindooilan, 
in  Myfore.     3  miles  W.  ChinnaBalabaram. 

Ckcndoul,  a  river  in  the  Cabulitan,  v/hich 
runs  into  the  Kameh,  twenty-five  miles  E. 
Pafliawur. 

Ch^ne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loman.     30  miles  E.  Geneva. 

Ck^ne  Populeux,  {Le,)  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  ot  the  Ardennes.  In  1792, 
this  was  aftrongpolt  occupied  by  the  French 
under  Dumouricr.     16  miles  S.  Mczicres. 


Chenebrun,  a  town  of  France,   in  the  de-    chew  Tartars  have  been  at  great  pains  to  or 
partment  of  the  Eure.  24  miles  S.  Evreux.      namentit  with  feveral  public  edifices,  and  to 

Cheneraillcs,  a  town  of  France,  inthede-    provide  it  with  magazines  of  arms  and  Itore- 
partment  of  the  Creufe.    9  m.  N  AubufFon.    houfes.     They  conlider  it  as  the  principal 

Cheneroypafani,    a   town   of  Hindooftan,    place  of  tiieir  nation  ;  and  fince  China  has 
in  Myfore.     30  miles  NW.  Seringupatam. 

Chcnet,    a  tov/n  of  Afiatic   I'urkey,   in 
Caramania.     100  miles  SW.  Cogni. 


Chenga,  fee  Tschenga. 
Chen-in,  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of  Corea. 
30  miles  WNW.  Tfm-tch.eou. 


been  undei  their  dominion,  they  have  efla- 
bliihed  the  fime  tribunals  here  as  at  Peking, 
excepting  that  called  Liipou;  thefe  tribunals 
are  compofed  of  Tartars  only;  their  deter- 
mination is  final;  and  in  all  their  afts  they 
ufe  the  Tartar  cliaradter  and  language.    It 


Chc/iipollan,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the  may  be  confidered  as  a  double  city,  one  of 

Carnatic.     32  miles  N.  Nellore.  which  is  enclofed  v/ithin  the  other:  the  in- 

Chenock,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Alia-  terior  city  contains  the  emperor's  palace,  ho- 

habad.     20  miles  SE.  Joinpour.  tcls  of  the  principal  mandarins,  fovereign 

Ckenoncenu.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de-  courts,  and  the  different  tribunals;  tiie  exte- 

partment  of  the  Indre  and  Loire.     6  miles  nor  is  inhabited  by  the  common    people, 

SE.  Amboife.  t;adefmen,  and  all  thofe  who  by  their  cm- 

Chenoye,    {La,)  a  tov/n   of  Canada,    on  ployments  or  profeilions  are  not  obliged  to 

the  left  bank   of  the   St.  Laurence.  Long,  lodge  in  the  interior;  the  latter  is  almoil  a 

73.  20.  W.  Lat.  45.  45.  N.  leagueincircumference,  and  the  walls  which 

Chcn-Ji,  a  province  of  China,  bounded  on  enclofe  both  are  more  than  three  leagues 
the  eaft  by  Hoang-ho,  which  feparates  it  round;  thefe  walls  were  rcbuiltin  1631,  and 
from  Chan-fi ;  on  the  fouth  by  the  provinces  repaired  feveral  times  fince.  54  miles  ENE. 
of  Se-tchuen  and  Hou-quang,  on  the  north  Peking.  Long.  122.  10.  E.  Lat.  41.  ^o.  N. 
by  Tartary  and  the  great  wall,  and  on  the  67w.'-j'<7,'/^,  adifi:ii(^^  ordepartmentofChi- 
wefl  by  the  country  of  the  Monguls.  Chen-h'  nefeTartary,comprehendingwhatwa3caIled 
is  one  of  the  moft  extenfive  provinces  of  the  Leao-tong,  and  extending  as  far  as  the  great 
empire  :  it  had  formerly  three  viceroys;  but  wall,  which  bounds  it  on  the  foutb  ;  it  is  en- 
at  prefent  it  has  only  two,  befides  the  gover-  clofed  on  the  call:,  north,  and  weft  by  a  pa- 
rors  of  So-tcheou  and  Kan-tcheou,  which  lifade,  whicli  is  more  calculated  to  defend  the 
are  the  ftrongefl:  places  in  the  country.  This  country  againfl  the  no>5turnal  invafions  of 
province  in  general  is  very  fertile,  commer-  robbers  than  to  flop  the  march  of  an  army:' 
cial,  and  rich.  It  produces  little  rice,  but  it  is  confiru(51ed  only  of  flakes,  feven  feet 
the  inhabitants  have  plentiful  crops  of  wheat  high,  v/ithout  any  bank  of  earth,  ditch,  or 
and  millet;  it  is,  however,  fubjefl  to  long  the  fmalleil  fortified  work:  the  gates  are 
droughts,  and  clouds  of  locufts  fometimes  no  better,  and  are  guarded  only  by  a  few 
deftroy  every  thing  that  grows  in  the  fields:  luidiers. 

the  Chinefe  eat  thofe  iiifeds  boiled.     The  _    Cher.zini,  or  Chinting,^  town  o^Vo\znAy 

country  abounds  v/ith  drugs,  rhubarb,  mufk,  in  the  palatinate  of  Sandoniirz:  near  it  are 

cinnabar,  wax,  honey,  and  coals,  cf  which  mines  of  fllver  and   lead,  and  q-jarries  of 

itcontainsinexhauilible  veins;  ithas  alfori:h  marble.     16  miles  E.MJigocz. 

Ku  2 


CHE 


C  II  E 


Chcou,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  fecond 
rank  in  Kiang-nan.  455  miles  S.  Peking. 
Zc?//^.  116.  23.E.  jLrt/.  32.  34-N. 

Cheou-quang,  a  town  of  China,  of  the 
third  rank,  in  Chang-tong.  15  miles  NE. 
Tcin-tcheou. 

■  Cheou-tching,  a  town  of  China,  of  the 
third  rank,  in  Fo-kein.  6z  miles  NE.  Kien- 
nhing. 

Che-ou-tchang,  a  town  of  China,  of  the 
third  rank,  in  Tche-kiang.  15  miles  SW. 
Yen-tcheou. 

Cheou-tcha?7g,   a  town  of  China,  of  the 
third  rank,  in  Chang-tong.     27  m.  NE.  Po. 
Cheoii-yang,  a  town  of  Ciiina,  in  Chan-fi. 
10  miles  E.  Tai-yuen. 

Chepanny,  a  townof  Hindooftan,  in  Can- 
deilh.     10  miles  E.  Hindia. 

Chepelio,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of  Pa- 
nama, 18  miles  Panama. 

Ckepido,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Paros, 
on  the  eaft  coaft;  near  it,  on  an  eminence 
clofe  to  the  fea,  is  the  caftle  of  Kefdo,  which 
a  noble  Venetian  of  the  name  of  Vcnieri 
defended  with  great  intrepidity  againft  all 
the  forces  of  Barbaroffa,  and  which  now 
ferves  as  a  retreat  to  fonie  Monks. 

Che-plng,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Koei-tcheou.  15  miles  W.  Tchi- 
yuen. 

Che-ping,  a  city  of  China,  of  the  fecond 
rank,  in  Yun-nan.  1230  miles  SSW.  Pe- 
king.    Long.  I02.  10.  E.  Lat.  23.  49.  N. 

ChepOf  or  St.  Chrtjhval  de  Chepo,  a  town 
of  South-America,  in  the  province  of  Darien, 
on  a  river  of  the  fame  name.  27  miles  E. 
Panama. 

Chepoofca,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which 
runs  into  the  Miffiffippi.  Long.  90.  6.  W. 
Lat.  36. 16.N. 

ChepJIo'w,  a  feaport  tov/n  of  England,  in 
tlie  county  of  Monmouth,  fituated  near  the 
n:outh  of  the  Wye,  over  which  is  a  bridge 
of  ftone  and  timber.  It  is  a  large,  well-built, 
populous,  and  flourifhing  town,'  formerly 
walled  round,  and  defended  by  a  caftle,  part 
of  which  remains.  In  the  month  of  March 
1647,  the  caftle  was  garrifoned  by  King 
Charles  I.  and  continued  in  the  hands  of 
the  Royalifts  till  May  1648,  when  the 
Welfli,  under  Major  Langhornc,  Colonel 
Poyer,  and  Colonel  Powell,  were  defeated; 
Poyer  was  executed,  and  moft  of  the  caftles 
in  Wales  were  conquered  about  this  time. 
Chepftow  is  the  port  for  all  the  towns  that 
ftand  on  the  rivers  Wye  and  Lug.  Ships  of 
600  tons  burden  arc  built  here;  and  the  town 
.  of  late  is  become  fo  flourifhing,  that  the  mer- 
chants import  their  own  Vv'inc  from  Oporto, 
and  deals,  hemp,  fiax,  pitch,  and  tar,  &c. 
from  Norway  and  Ruflia,  as  fliips  of  700 
tons  burden  come  up  to  the  town.  The  tide 
"comes  in  at  this  place  with.,  greater  rapidity 
than  at  Brillol,'  and  fonieLiracs  rii'cs  ;it  the 


bridge  from  thirty  to  fixty  feet.  In  January 
1768,  the  bridge  was  much  damaged  by 
an  extraordinary  rife  of  the  tide,  which  then 
flowed  above  70  feet.  As  half  the  bridge 
is  in  Monmouthfliire,  and  the  other  half 
in  Gloucefterfliire,  it  is  maintained  at  the 
expence  of  both  counties;  and  in  1790  and 
1 791,  it  underwent  a  thorough  repair, 
This  port  fends  great  quantities  of  timber  to 
Portf  mouth,  Plymouth, Deptford,  and  Wool- 
wich; and  bark,  iron,  cider,  &c.  to  feveral 
parts  of  Ireland,  Liverpool,  and  other  places. 
There  are  five  conftant  trading-veflels  be- 
tween this  port  and  London,  which  in  ge- 
neral go  and  return  in  two  months.  There 
is  a  market-boat  of  70  tons  burden,  that 
goes  regularly  from  this  place  to  Briftol 
every  Tuefday  and  returns  every  Thurfday. 
It  has  a  market  weekly  on  Saturdays,  well 
fupplied  with  all  forts  of  provifions,  and  on 
the  laft  Monday  in  every  month  for  cattle 
and  fwine.  Chepftow,  in  i8ci,  contained 
3o8o  inhabitants.  28  miles  SW.  Glocefter, 
134  WNW.  London.  Long.  2.  36.  W. 
Lat.  51.  42.  N. 

Chequatan,  or  SegutanatOy  a  town  of 
Mexico,  in  the  province  of  Mechoacan. 

Cbequiligajia,  a  town  of  South-America, 
in  the  province  of  Tucuman.  18  m.  SSE. 
St.  Miguel  de  Tucuman. 

Cher,  a  river  of  France,  which  rifes  near 
Auzance,  in  the  department  of  the  Creufe, 
pafl'es  by  Montlucon,  Ainay  le  Vieux,  St. 
Amand,  Chateauneuf,  St.  Florent,  Vierzon, 
Menetcu,  Villefranche,  Chabris,  Selles,  St. 
Aignan,  Montrichard,  Blere,  Sec.  and  joins 
the  Loire  a  few  miles  below  Tours. 
•  Cher,  a  department  of  France,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  department  of  the  Loiret, 
on  the  eaft  by  that  of  the  Nyevre,  from 
which  it  is  feparated  by  the  Allier,  on  the 
fouth  by  the  department  of  the  Allier,  and 
on  the  weft  by  the  department  of  the  Indre 
and  Loire:  it  takes  its  name  from  the  river 
Cher,  which  crofles  a  part  of  it.  Bourgcs 
is  the  capital. 

Ckerafco,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  U-'.e  Stura,  formerly  the  capital 
of  a  county  in  Piedmont,  fituated  on  a 
mountain,  at  the  confiux  of  the  Stura  with 
the  Tanaro.  It  is  faid  to  have  been  built 
bv  ibme  inhabitants  of  Alba,  Manzano, 
Miana,  &c.  who  were  driven  away  from 
their  towns  by  the  tyranny  of  their  refpec- 
tive  lords:  they  fixed  on  this  fpot,  built  a 
town,  and  furrounded  it  with  walls.  Chrif- 
tina  of  France,  duchefs  of  Savoy,  cauf'ed  tlie 
town  to  be  fortified  in  the  modern  manner, 
with  baflions,  fofTes,  and  outworks.  Since 
that  time  Cherafco  has  been  confidered  as 
the  key  and  boulevard  of  the  eftates  of  Sa- 
voy, being  fituated  on  the  frontiers  of  Pied- 
mont, Montfcrratj  and  the  dutcliy  of  Milnn; 
and  ftrong  both  by  art  and  nature.    Che- 


CHE 

rafco  was  fliil  a  republic,   governed  by  its 
particular  laws,  though  profelling  to  be  de- 
pendent on  the  empeiors  of  Germany,  and 
to   obey  them.     This  fiourifiikig  itate  cun- 
tinued   to  the  year  1260,  when  they  took 
an    oath   of  allegiance   to   Charles     I.    of 
Anjou,  comteof  Provence,  afterwards  king 
of  Naples   and  Sicily,  and  continued  fub- 
jed  to  that  crown  till  the   rcigr)  of  Jane  I. 
queen  of  Naples,  who  took  no  caie  to  pro- 
tecft  her  fubjeits  from  their  enemies;  when 
the   inhabitants  followed   the    example   of 
other  towns,   and  furrendered   themfelves 
voluntarily  to  Amadeus  VI.  comte  of  Savoy, 
and  Jaques    de   Savoy   prince   of  Achaia. 
This  fituation  they  did  not  long  enjoy  ;  for 
in  a  few  years  after  they  became  fuccellively 
fubjed  to  the  Marquis  of  Montferrat ;  Lu- 
chin  Vifconti  prince   of  Milan  ;    a  fecond 
time  to  Jane  queen  of  Naples ;  Galeas,  and 
John  Galeas  de   Vifconti.    Valentina,  the 
daughter  of  this  laft  prince,  married  Louis 
duke  of  Orleans,  and  brought  with  her  as  a 
portion  the  town  of  Cherafco,  and  the  coun- 
try round;  from  the  llicceflbrs  of  this  prince 
it  canre  to  Charles  V.  who  gave  it,   in  the 
year  1530,  to   Charles  Ilf.  duke  of  Savoy, 
furnamed  the  Ciood,  in  conildcration  of  his 
marriage  with  Beatrice  of  Portugal.     It  was 
taken  more  than,  once  in   the  fame  century 
by  the   Auilrians  and  the  French,  but  re- 
ftored  to  Emanuel  Philbert  fon  of  Charles, 
by  the  peace  of  Cambray,  in  1559.     Vidor 
Amadeus  gave  it  the  title  of  city,  making  it 
the  capital  of  a  province,  and  relidence  of 
a  governor.     The  civil  government  is  Gon- 
duded  by  three  fyndics,  28  counfellors,  and 
eight  mailers  of  accompts.     Tt  is  in  the  dio- 
cefe  of  Afti,  and  has  feven  pariih  churches, 
four  within  the   walls    and  three  v/ithout. 
The  comte  is  about  nine  miles  in  diameter; 
the  land  is  fertile,  the  plains  producing  great 
plentyof  corn,  and  the  hills,  which  are  ibme 
higher,  fome  lower,   produce   wine,   both 
good,  and  in   quantities  for  exportation.  In 
1796,  Cherafco   was  taken  by  the  French. 
20  miles  SSE.  Turin,  15  E.  Saluzzo.  Long. 
7.55.  E.  Lat.  44.  42.  N. 

Chej-aw  Hill,  a  mountain  of  South-Caro- 
lina.    40  miles  NNE.  Queenborough. 

Cha-btirg,  a  feaport  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Channel,  fituated  at 
the  bottom  of  a  large  bay,  between  Cape 
Barfleur  and  Cape  La  Hogue,  containing 
about  6000  inhabitants.  Before  the  revolu- 
tion, it  was  the  feat  of  a  governor  and  an 
admiralty.  Building  of  Imall  vellels,  and  a 
manufadure  of  woollen  iluffs,  form  the  prin- 
cipal employment  of  the  inhabitants.  In 
the  year  i_96,  Cherburg  vv-as  burned  by  the 
Englifh  ;  and  in  1345,  the  ihips  in  the  har- 
bour v/ere  deftoycd  by  the  fame  enemy.  In 
1378,  it  was  garrifoncd  by   the  Engliih  for 


CHE 

the  king  of  Navarre;  and  in  141 8,  it  was 
taken  by  Henry  V.  In  1758,  the  town  was 
taken  and  plundered  by  the  EnghHi,  the 
port  deltroyed,  and  the  ihips  burned  in  the 
harbour.  This  port  has  always  been  con- 
fidcred  by  the  French  as  an  objed  of  great 
importance  in  the  navigation  of  the  Englifti 
Channel,  and  inmienic  funis  have  been  ex- 
pended in  the  credion  of  piers,  deepening 
and  enlarging  the  harbour,  and  ereding 
fortifications.  Vedels  of  900  tons  can  be 
admitted  in  high  water,  and  2<;o  in  low. 
ID  polls  N.  Coutances,  41  WNVV.  Paris. 
Lofig.  I.  3  2.  W.  Lat.  49.  39.  N. 

Ckcrckefcrif,  a  town  of  Curdiflan.  6i 
miles  S.  Kerkuk. 

Chercot,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Gol- 
conda.     8  miles  NW.  Rachore. 

Chercouchy,  a  town  of  liindooflan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     24  miles  NNE.  Tanjore. 

Ckcrcy,  a  town  of  I  r»nce,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  tlie  Yonne.     12  Bijies  W.Sens. 

Chercn-tabafia}:,  a  tov/n  of  Chinefe  Tar- 
tary.     Long.  119.  33.  E.  Z^//.  41.  32.  N. 

Cherepe,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  dioccfe 
of  Truxillo,  near  the  Pacific  Ocean.  25 
miles  SSE,  Lambayeque.     Lat.  7.  S, 

Ckeribon,  a  kingdom  of  the  ifland  of  Java, 
fituated  to  the  eail  of  Jacatra.  It  is  divided 
into  nine  dillrids,  and  contains  abou't 
90,000  fixed  inhabitants,  befldes  ftrangcrs. 
This  country  is  divided  between  two  princes, 
both  of  whom  are  feudatories  of  the  Dutch 
Eall-India  Company.  Formerly  there  were 
three  princes  of  Cheribon  ;  but  in  the  year 
1769,  one  of  them  not  treating  his  fubjeds 
well,  was  fent  into  exile  by  the  fupreme 
government  to  Amboyna.  Thefe  princes 
are  obliged  to  deliver  all  the  produce  of  their 
country,  for  certain  fixed  prices,  exclulively 
to  the  Company;  and  neither  .the  princes 
nor  their  fubjeds  are  allowed  to  have  .my 
communication  with  ftrangers,  mucK  kis  to 
carry  on  trade  with  foreign  nations  in  any 
of  the  articles  produced  upon  their  lands. 
On  the  part  of  the  Company,  as  much  care 
is  taken  as  poJTible  to  prevent  the  contraven- 
tion of  thefe  conditions;  they  have  a  relident 
here,  with  a  garrifon  of  70  Europeans,  Ra- 
tioned in  a  imall  fort  in  the  diftriet  of  Cheri- 
bon, whilft:  there  is  alfo  an  ouipofl  ffationed 
at  Indramayo.  This  empire  put  itfelt  under 
the  protedion  of  the  Dutch  Company  in  the 
year  1680.  In  criminal  matters  the  admi- 
niflration  refls  in  the  combined  authority  of 
the  two  princes,  united  to  the  company's  re- 
hdent.  The  produdions  are  coffee,  limber, 
cotton  yarn,  areca,  indigo,  fugar,  and  alio 
a  little  pepper:  this  lalt  article  gicw  for- 
merly here  in  fuch  abundance,  that  in  the 
year  1680,  the  bhar  of  3  75lbs.  was  paid  for 
at  the  rate  of  no  more  than  ten  Spaniih 
dollars.  Long.  108.  jj.  E.  Lat.  6.  46.  ii. 


CHE 


CHE 


Ckerihn  Reef,  a  reef  in  the  Eaftern  In- 
dian fea,  near  the  north  coall  of  Java.  Long. 
io8.  34.  E.  Lat.  6.  9.  S. 

Cheri-K'iavien,2.  poll  of  Chin  efe  Tartary. 
15  miles  SE.  Petoune  Hotun. 

Ckerl-Oujou,  a  town  of  Chinefe  Tartary. 
8  miles  S.  Geho. 

Cherin,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  ofSivas.     50  miles  E.  Sivas. 

Ckerkes,  a  town  of  Cyprus,  the  refidence 
of  an  aga  and  a  cadi.  12  miles  NE.Nicofia. 

Cherki,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ballo- 
giftan.     10  miles  SW.  Dadari. 

CherDianfik,  a  town  of  Aliatic  Turkey, 
in  Natolia.    30  miles  NNE.  Miletus. 

ChcrmeUck,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in 
the  government  of  Diarbekir.  20  miles 
WSW.  Orfa. 

Chero,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago.    Long.  25.  40.  E.    Lat.  36.  $2-  N. 

Cherodya,  a  town  of  Bengal.  7  miles 
SSW.  Toree. 

Cheronnac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Charente.  15  miles  S. 
Confolent. 

Cheronefo,  fee  Cerofiefo. 

Cheronifo,  a  town  on  the  north-eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Negropont.  25  m.iles  E. 
!N"egropont. 

Cheron.vly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
36  miles  SE.  Etaya. 

Ckeroy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Yonne.     10  miles  W.  Sens. 

C/ftvyS,  or  rather  Cherfo  and  0/Iro,an  ifland 
in  the  gulf  of  Venice,  divided  into  two  parts. 
This  ifland  or  iflands  lies  between  the  coaft 
of  lilria and Dalmatia,  extending  from  north 
to  fouth  about  60  miles  in  length,  v/ith 
a  very  unequal  breadth.  In  more  remote 
ages,  the  hiftory  of  which  is  blended  with 
fable,  it  was  much  known  and  fiad  various 
names;  the  moft ancient,  however,  feems  to 
have  been  the  ifland  of  Brigeide,  or'  the 
iflands  Brigcidoc;  buttheufual  name,  almoft 
3000  years  fince,  was  Abfyrtides,  Abfyrtus, 
Abfyrtius,  from  Abfyrtus,  the  brother  of 
Medea,  v/ho  was  killed  by  her  as  he  was 
purfuing  her  in  her  flight  with  Jafon.  After 
tlie  dcciine  of  the  Roman  empire,  Cherfo 
and  Ofero  changed  mafters  often  ;  Ibme- 
tiincs  being  annexed  to  the  Greek  empire, 
fnnictiines  to  the  crou'n  of  Hungary,  and 
fometimes  fubject  to  the  Bans,  and  kings  of 
the  Slav! ;  but  without  any  remarkable  events 
to  render  it  iliuilriov.s.  About  the  middle 
of  the  9th  century,  Saba,  a  captain  of  the 
Satiicens,  plundered  the  ifland  ;  and  it  ap- 
pears by  the  chronicle  of  Andrea  Dandolo, 
■Lnaiin99i  it  was  under  the  dominion  of 
the  republic  of  Venice.  The  doge  Pietro 
Ovfeolo  landed  there,  and  received  honours 
as  lord  of  the  ifland.  It  fjems  moft  rea- 
fonr.blc  to  fix  the  di-dition  of  Ofero  about 


this  time.    In  or  about  the  year  1130,  Guido 
Polani,  fon  of  the  doge  Pietro,   was  pro- 
claimed Count  of  Ofero  by  the  people  ;  and 
a  fon  of  the  doge  Vitale  Michieli  was  elefted 
count  not  long  after  the  year  1156.     From 
the  high  rank    of  thefe  counts  it  is  natural 
to  conjedure,  that  the  Venetians  looked  on 
this  fovereignty  as  a  matter  of  dignity  and 
importance.     Marino  Morofini  did  homage 
to  the  doge  Dandolo  in  1280,   and  the  aifl 
is  ftill  extant,  as  well  as  th?  others  alluded 
to  ;  and  in   1283,  the  fanle  Count  Marino, 
in  a  writing  of  fettlement  with  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Cherfo,   is  called  count  and  lord  of 
the  diftrift  of  Cherfo.     This  Marino,  who 
commanded  in  the  war  of  litria,  with  a  va- 
lour correfpondent  to  the  ifliie  of  it,  was  the 
Jaft  hereditary  Count  of  Ofero  and  Cherfo  : 
he  died  in  1303    or  1304.     The  people  af- 
terwards  petitioned  the   republic    to  fend 
them  a  count  or  governor  every  two  years ; 
and  Andrea  Daurio,  or  Doro,   was  the  iirfl 
who  went  there  in   that  character.     Since 
that  period  the  ifland   has  not  fuffered  any 
confiderable  change,   only  it  was   greatly 
molefted  by  the  Ufcocchi,   during  the  war 
which  the  Venetians   were  obliged  to  carry 
on  sgainft  thofe  robbers.  Cherfo  and  Ofero 
ought,  indeed,  rather  to  be  called  two  iflands 
united,  than  one  ifland  alone  ;  but  the  chan- 
nel of  the  fea  that  divides  them  is  fo  very 
narrow,  that  it  fcarcely  can  be  called  any 
feparation  at  all.     The  number  of  inhabit- 
ants  in  the  ifland  of  Cherlb  has  probably 
been  more  conliderable  in  former  times  than 
it  is  at  prefent :  the  ruins  of  the  habitations 
fcattered  over  the    ifland  evidently  prove 
th.is.    There   v/as  a  time,    however,   when 
the  whole  ifland  had  only  5000  inhabitants': 
about  the  year  1640,  it  had  5600;  at  pre- 
fent the  population  greatly  exceeds  8000  and 
perhaps  amounts  to  9000.     The  augmenta- 
tion isconfiderable,  in  proportion  to  the  fliort 
term  of  years  which  produced  it.     The  foil 
of  both  parts  of  tiic  ifland  is  in  general  moun- 
tainoi:S  and  itony.     There  are  large  tracts 
entirely  ftony,  barren,  and  naked  to   a  de- 
gree which    helps   to  form  an    idea  of  the 
eaftern   deferts,   in   wliich  all  is   parched, 
fterile,  and  defblate.     The  inhabitants  call 
thofe  places  Arabia  Petrea.     They  furniih, 
however,  excellent  feeding  for  flieep,  which 
crop  the  grafs  and  fweet  herbs  that   grow 
between   the   ftones,  and  thereby    beco: -.e 
not  only  excefiively  fat,  but  give  milk  un- 
commonly rich,  and  of  an  exquihte  tafte. 
The  Arabia  Petrea  of  Cherfo  produces  the 
fame  kind  of  flirubs  that  are  ufually  found 
in  ftony  and  mountainous  fituations.     The 
hills  to  the  northiWard  are  woody,  and  not 
well  adapted  to  cidtivntion.  The  plains  alio 
on  thofe  parts  of  the  ifland  that  are  lit  for 
the  richeft  produds,  are  often   abiindoncd 


CHE 

and  uncultivated  through  the  want  of  a  fut" 
ficient  number  of  inhabinints.  On  the  other 
fide  of  the  channel  of  Olero  the  hills  are 
lefs  rocky,  but  the  mountains  from  tiie  mid- 
dle upwards  are  totally  fterile,  and  produce 
noticing  but  wild  laj^c.  The  oil  of  Chcrfo, 
which  is  reckoned  the  bcft  in  qirality  of  any 
made  in  the  Venetian  ftates,  is  the  moit 
valuable  product  of  the  ifland.  According 
to  the  calculations  of  the  illanders  them- 
felves,  they  make  from  3000  to  3500  bar- 
rels, of  17  gallons  each  barrel  a  year.  The 
greatclt  part  of  this  oil  is  expoited  out  of 
the  ifland  ;  bat  almoll:  all  the  value  is  re- 
quired for  the  purchafe  of  corn,  of  which 
the  inhabitants  do  notraife  enough  to  main- 
tain them  four  months  in  the  year.  The 
wine,  of  which  they  make  only  a  few  hun- 
dred barrels  for  exportation,  though  the 
produft  might  eafily  be  much  incieafed,  is 
not  of  To  pertect  a  quahty,  in  proportion  to 
the  oil.  The  ligs  are  excellent,  but  no  great 
quantity  is  exported  ;  perhaps  the  yearly 
value  that  comes  in  for  this  article,  does  not 
amount  to  400  fequins.  The  finer  fruits  for 
the  table,  fuch  as  peaches,  pears,  apricots, 
and  the  hke,  are  rarely  cultivated  in  the 
illand,  confequently  they  are  fcarcc  and  but 
indifferently  good  ;  the  Cherlines  do  great 
injuftice  to  their  own  induftry,  as  well  as  to 
the  happinefs  of  their  climate,  by  neglet^ing 
them.  It  ihould  fecm  that  the  mild  tem- 
perature of  the  air  under  which  they  live 
ought  to  encourage  them  to  have  their  gar- 
dens v/ell  provided  with  the  molt  delicate 
fi"uits.  Bcfides  the  foftncfs  of  tlie  climate, 
there  is  another  circumllance  which  might 
,  induce  them  to  try  this  kind  of  cultivation, 
and  that  is  the  facility  of  tianfporting  their 
fruits  to  Venice.  Pulfe  and  garden  herbs 
thrive  very  well;  but  the  inhabitants  think 
little  about  garden-ftuff,  their  wliole  atten- 
tion being  taken  up  by  the  more  important 
improvement  of  their  vine  and  olive  yard;. 
Long.  14.  36.  E.  Lat.  45.  8.  N. 

Cherfo,  a  feaport  and  capital  of  the  ifland 
of  Cherfo,  in  the  Adriatic,  the  fee  of  a  bilhop, 
lituated  behind  a  deep  bay  on  the  well:  coalt, 
which  almoil  divides  the  ifland  nearly  into 
equal  parts,  forming  a  harbour  capable  of 
flieltering  a  numerous  fleet.  The  il:reets 
are  narrow  and  diity  ;  and  the  inhabitants, 
3000  in  number,  are  accuftomed  from  their 
infancy  to  agriculture,  fifhing,  the  breeding 
of  cattle,  the  weaving  of  fergc,&c.  Among 
the  inhabitants  are  120  eccleliaftics,  nuns, 
and  monks;  they  poflefs  many  churches, 
and  200  chapels,  but  not  one  inn.  The 
ufual  language  is  the  Sclavonian. 

Cbsrf'j'i,  a  tov\'n  of  Ruilla,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Ekaterinoflav,  lituated  on  the  Dnie- 
per, built  and  made  a  free  port  in  the  year 
1774,  chiefly  conltruded  of  hewn  llone.  Ir 
is  intended  tJ  be  the  princi,  al  mart  for  all 


CUE 

commodities  of  expert  ar.d  import;  but  if 
extenfive  trade  ihoiild  take  place  in  this 
quarter,  the  great  dcpolitary  for  the  mer- 
chandize will  be  more  conveniently  fixed 
on  ibme  fpot  below  the  bar  of  the  Dnieper, 
and  about  iz  miles  fbuth  of  Cherfbn.  It 
contains  a  dock  for  the  conftrui^tionof  iaigc 
vdltls;  from  whicli  leveral  men  of  war  and 
frigates,  as  well  as  merchant-fliips,  have 
already  been  launched.  The  Inmiane  Mr. 
Howard  died  in  this  town,  on  tiic  20th  day 
of  January  i7(;o.  128  miles  SW.  Ekatc- 
rinoflav,  812  S.  PeteriLurg.  Long.  32.54. 
E.  Lat.  46.  40.  N. 

Cherjlpdi,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coafl  of  the 
ifland  of  Corfu.     5  miles  S.  Corfu. 

Chaifey,  a  tow  n  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Surrey,  fituatcd  near  the  banks  of  the 
Tiiames,  formerly  the  rcfidence  of  fome  of 
the  Saxon  kings  ;  and  the  firfl  burial-place 
of  Henry  VI.  who  was  afterwards  removed 
to  Windfor.  Here  was  formerly  an  abbey, 
founded  in  the  year  664,  of  which  only  part 
of  the  walls  now  remains.  It  has  a  market 
onWednefdays.  In  i8oi,Chertiey  contained 
2819  inhabitants.  20  m.  \\  SW.  London. 
Long.  c.  24.  W.  Lat.  51.  23.  N. 

Chcvjcs,  a  town  of  France,  in  t!ie  depart- 
ment of  the  Charente.     3  m.  NW.  Cognac. 

Cherveatis,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Two  Sevres.  7  miles  NE. 
Niort. 

Cherugatta,  a  town  of  Cochin.  18  miles 
NE.  Cranganore. 

Cherivell,  a  liver  ol  England,  which  rifes 
in  Warwickfliire,  and  runs  into  the  Thames 
at  Oxford. 

Ckefapcak  Bc2y,A  bay  of  United  America, 
in  the  Hate  of  Virginia,  and  one  of  thj 
largeft  in  the  known  world.  Its  entrance 
is  between  Cape  Charles  and  Cape  Henry, 
12  miles  wide,  and  it  extends  270  miles  to 
the  northward,  dividing  Virginia  and  M.iry- 
land.  It  is  from  7  to  18  miles  broad,  ar.J 
generally  as  much  as  nine  fatiioms  deep  ; 
aftbrding  many  commodious  harbours,  and 
a  lafe  and  eafy  navigation.  It  receives  tiie 
waters  of  the  Sufquehanna,  Potomak,  Rap- 
pahannok,  York,  and  James  rivers,  which 
are  all  large  and  navigable. 

Chejbam,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Bucks,  with  a  weekly  market  on 
Wedncfday.  The  principal  trad;  of  the 
town  is  in  lace,  fhoes,  and  wooden-w.irc. 
In  the  year  1801,  the  population  was  2045, 
and  656  employed.  10  miles  SE.Aylelbuiy, 
29  VVXW.  London.  Loiig.o.  j-j.  W.  Lat. 
51.42.N. 

Chejh'nc,  a  county  palatine  of  England, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  tlie  Irifli  lea  and 
by  the  counties  of  Lancalfer  and  York,  on 
the  call  by  tlie  coun'dcs  of  Derby  and  Staf- 
ford, on  tne  fbuth  by  the  county  of  Salop, 
and  on  the  well  by  ilie  counties  of  rlmi  rtnJ 


CHE 


CHE 


Denbigh ;  about  50  miles  long  and  25 
broad,  divided  into  feven  hundreds,  which 
contain  loi  pariflies,  one  city,  and  11  mar- 
ket towns.  In  1801,  the  population  amount- 
ed to  191,751,  of  whom  67,447  were  em- 
ployed in  trade  and  manufadlures,  and 
38,823  in  agriculture.  The  proportion  of 
the  cultivated  parts  of  the  county,  and  thofe 
which  lie  either  wailie,  or  in  a  ftate  of  little 
profit,  are,  according  to  a  general  view 
drawn  up  by  Mr.  Wedge,  perhaps  neatly  as 
follows :  arable,  meadow,  pafture,  &c.  about 
6155C00  acres ;  wafte  lands,  heaths,  com- 
mons, greens,  but  few  woods  of  any  extent, 
30,000  acres;  peatbogs  and  moiles  20,000 
acres;  common  fields,  probably  not  fo 
much  as  1000  acres;  fea  'fands  within  the 
eftuary  of  the  Dee,  exclulive  of  what  may 
be  upon  the  (hores  of  the  river  Merley, 
10,000  acres,  in  the  whole  676,000  acres. 
The  general  appearance  of  Chefliire  is  that 
of  an  extended  plain;  but  on  the  eaftern 
fide  there  is  a  range  of  hilly  or  rather  moun- 
tainous country,  connedted  with  theDerby- 
Ihire  and  Yorkfhire  hills,  of  about  25  m.iles 
in  length,  and  five  in  width,  extending  from 
near  CongletOn,  to  the  north-eaftern  extre- 
mity of  the  county.  From  Macclesfield,  in 
a  north-weftern  direfrlon,  the  furface  is  ir- 
regular and  hilly;  but  continues  of  that  de- 
fcriptionnot  farthet  than  to  Alderlcy,  about 
five  or  fix  miles  from  Macclesfield.  On  the 
Shropfliire  fide  the  furface  is  alio  broken  and 
irregular.  Approaching  the  wellern  fide  of 
the  county, (at  the  diftance  of  about  ten  miles 
eaft  fromChefter,)  there  is  another  range  of 
irregular  hills  which  fcparates  the  waters  of 
the  Dee  and  Merfey  ;  thgfe  hills  are  in  a  di- 
rection almoft  north  and  fouth,  and  extend 
about  25  miles  from  Malpas,  on  the  fouth 
lide  the  county,  to  Frodfliam,  on  the  north 
fide  of  it.  The  remaining  part  of  the  county, 
amounting  nearly  to  four-fifths  of  the  whole, 
is  probably  not  moie,  on  the  medium,  than 
from  ICO  to  200  feetabcre  the  level  of  the 
fea.  Chefliire  has  formerly  been  celebrated 
as  the  Vale  Royal  of  England;  and  if  fecn 
from  the  high  lands  above  Macclesfield,  the 
wliole  of  the  country  to  the  weftward  has 
undoubtedly  the  appearance  of  one  extended 
plain.  Chelfer  is  the  city ;  the  market- 
towns  are  Nantwich,  Macclesfield,  Malpas, 
Middlewich,  Nonhwich,  Congleton,  Al- 
tringham,FrodPnam,  Knutsford,  Stockport, 
and  Sanbach.  The  principal  rivers  are  the 
MeritvandiheDee;  thefe  receive, and  carry 
cif  to  the  fea,  all  fmaller  rivers  and  rivulets 
in  Chefliire,  viz.  the  Weaver,  Dane,  Whee- 
iock,  Goyte,  Boiling,  Sec.  &c.  ChelTiire  has 
been  long  noted  ior  cheefe  ol"  the  befl 
ouality  ;  other  produiftions  are  corn,  excel- 
lent fait,  coal,  iron  ore,  mill-ftones,  timber, 
alum,  hops,  &c.  The  yearly  export  of 
c'heeic  from  this  county  to  London  only  has 


been  computed  at  14,000  tons;  to  Briilol 
and  York,  down  the  Severn  and  the  Trent, 
8000  more,  beildes  what  is  fent  to  Scotland 
and  Ireland. 

Chejldiint,  a  town  of  England,  in  Hert- 
fordfliire,  containing  within  its  parifli  3173 
inhabitants,     i;  miles  N.London. 

Ckefil  Bank,  a  prodigious  heap  or  body 
of  pebbles,  thrown  up  by  the  fea,  running 
from  the  ifland  of  Portland  to  near  Abbots- 
bury,  16  miles  in  length.  When  a  flrong 
north-eaft  wind  blows,  it  cleaves  afunder, 
and  fweeps  away  all  the  ftones,ieaving  no- 
thing but  a  black  clay  at  the  bottom.  With 
a  fouih-well  wind  the  fea  throws  up  frefli 
pebbles  over  the  bank  again,  and  repairs  the 
breaches  as  firmly  as  before.  Near  Port- 
land the  pebbles  are  of  the  fizc  of  an  egg, 
or  larger,  and  gradually  leflen,  till  towards 
Abbotfl^ury  they  are  no  bigger  than  peafe. 
By  this  beach  a  perfon  may  pafs  from  Ab- 
botfbury  to  Portland,  which  it  joins  to  the 
continent,  making  it  a  peninlula.  On  it 
grows  much  eryngo,  and  formerly  fea-cale. 

Che-finen,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Chen-fi.     45  m.  NW.  Hing-ngan. 

Ckejiey,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aube.     9  miles  SE.Ervy. 

Chcfne,  a  town  of  France;,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  die  Ardennes.     15  m.  S.  Mezieres. 

Chejnut  Hill,  a  village  of  Pennfylvania, 
near  German  town.  On  an  eminence 
which  gives  name  to  the  place.  General 
W'afliington  placed  fix  pieces  of  cannon, 
and  400  men,  when  his  army  was  encamped 
at  V/hitemarfli. 

Ctejiiut  Ridge,  mountains  of  Pennfylva- 
nia.    Long.  79.  30.  W.  ImI.  40.  10.  N. 

CheJ'y,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  12  miles 
NW.  Lyons. 

Chefia,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe  of 
La  Paz.     70  miles  NW.  La  Paz. 

Chcjler,  a  city  of  England,  and  capital  of 
Chefliire,  fituatedon  the  river  Dee,  about  20 
nuies  from  the  Irifli  fea;  for  a  confiderable 
time  the  ftation  of  the  20th  Roman  legion, 
the  command  of  which  was  given  to  J^ulius 
Agricola,  by  the  emperor  Velpafian,  and  of 
courfe  mult  have  been  built  before  his  time; 
but  probably  not  many  years, though  fanciful 
writers  have  dated  its  antiquity  to  a  remote 
period  indeed.  The  city  is  Iquaie,  and  lur- 
rounded  by  a^\'a!l,  nearly  two  miles  in  cir- 
cumference; it  contains  nine  parifli  churches, 
a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  and  lix  places  of 
wcrfliip  for,  Difl'enters  of  different  perfua- 
fions.  It  is  faid  to  have  been  erciStcd  into  a 
corporadon  in  1242,  and  is  now  governed 
by  a  mayor,  recorder,  aldermen,  flieiiffs, 
common-council  men,  &.c.  The  l^rcets  are 
hollowed  out  of  a  rock  to  the  depth  of  one 
ftory  beneath  the  level  of  the  ground  on 
each   fide ;  and  die  houfes  have  a  fort  of 


CHE 

covered  portico  running  on  from  houfc  to 
houfe,  and  fioni  ftreet  to  llreet,  ievel  with 
the  ground  behind,  but  one  ftory  above  the 
ftreet  in  front.  They  are  caileci  rows,  and 
afFord  a  flieltered  walk  for  foot  pafleiigers. 
Beneath  them  are  fliops  and  warehoufes, 
level  with  the  ftreets ;  and  apartments  above 
them.  The  wails  are  kept  in  repair  by  an 
officer,  called  a  Murenger,  and  a  rate  called 
murage,  on  all  imports  by  perfons  not  free 
of  the  city.  The  cuftody  of  tlic  potes  was 
formerly  committed  to  very  coiifidcrabie 
noblemen  :  Eail:-gate,to  the  Eail  of  Oxford; 
Bridge-gate,  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewfbury  ; 
Water-gate,  to  thcEarlof  Derby;  and  North- 
gate,  to  the  Mayor.  The  principal  manufac- 
ture is  gloves  ;  and  its  fairs  are  relbrted  to 
three  times  a  year  by  a  great  concourfe  of 
the  IriHi  linen  merchants.  The  caftle  is  a 
noble  Itrucflure,  having  a  tower  al'cribed  to 
Julius  Caslar,  and  bearing  his  name ;  which, 
as  well  as  its  worknianfliip,  prove  it  to 
have  been  originally  built  by  the  Romans, 
though  the  prelent  walls  are  evidently  Nor- 
man. Chefier  is  the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  fufFra- 
gan  of  the  archbifliop  of  York,  and  fends 
two  members  to  the  Imperial  parliament. 
In  i8ci,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was 
15,052,  of  whom  2159  were  employed  in 
trade  and  manufactures.  In  613,  Chefler 
•was  taken  by  Ethelfred  king  of  Northum- 
berland. Here  Henry  II.  and  Malcolm  IV. 
of  Scotland,  had  an  interview  in  1259;  the 
latter  ceded  the  counties  of  Northumberland, 
Cumberland,  and  Weitmoreland,  formcrlv 
wrefted  fiom  the  Englifli  crown.  Richard 
II.  in  hi£  izth  year,  converted  Chefter  into  a 
principality, annexing  to  it  the  cafl:le  of  Holt, 
the  lordlhip  of  Bromfield  and  Yale,  Chirk- 
land,  and  ieveral  other  places  in  Wales  and 
on  the  borders,  enacting  that  it  fhould  be 
given  only  to  the  king's  eldefl  fon.  But 
Henry  IV.  refcinded  an  act  that  incroached 
fo  much  on  the  dignity  of  his  ion  as  Prince 
of  Wales.  The  king's  eldeft  fon  is,  however, 
created  Earl  of  Chdter.  The  fweating  lick- 
nefs  delfroyed  here,  in  1506,  ninety-one 
houfeholders  in  three  days,  and  only  four 
women;  and  v/as  followed,  in  15 17,  by  a 
dreadful  peftilence.  A  more  grievous  one 
vilited  it  in  1647,  after  it  was  taken  by  the 
parliament  forces  under  Sir  William  Brere- 
ton,  having  held  out  a  twenty  weeks'  fiege, 
arid  flirrendercd  February  3d,  1645-6,  on 
terms  that  did  honour  to  the  fpiiit  of  the 
befieged.  145  miles  N.  Briftol,  181  NW. 
London.     Long.  3.  6.  W.  Lat.  <,i.  14.  N. 

Chejier,  a  county  of  the  ftate  of  South- 
Carolina. 

Chejiir,  a  town  of  the  flate  of  New  Hamp- 
fliire.     20  miles  W.  Ponfmouth. 

Chefler,  a  town  of  Pennfylvania,  on  the 
Delaware,  with  good  anchorage,  iz  n^iles 
SW.  Philadelphia. 


CUE 

Chefler,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  New-Yoi Ic 
40  miles  NNE.  New-York. 

Chefler,  a  tov/n  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  King's 
bay.     32  miles  WSW.  Halifax. 

Chefler,  a  town  of  the  llatc  of  Maryland, 
on  a  river  of  the  fame  name.  28  miles  E. 
Baltimore,  50  SSW.  Pi'.iladelphla.  Lo7ig.  75. 
II.  W.  l^at.  39.  12,  N. 

Chefler,  a  town  of  Virginia.  12  miles  S. 
Win  chefter. 

Chefler  Gap,  a  pafs  over  the  Blue  moun- 
tains, in  Virginia.    14  miles  SE.  Winchcftcr 

Chefler,  a  river  of  Maryland,  which  runs 
into  the  Chefapcak,  jo  m.  SW.  Chefter. 

Chefler,   a  river  of  Well:-Forida,  which 
runs  into  Penfacola  Bay,  Long.  86.  55.  W,, 
Lat,  30.  39.  N. 

Chefler  in  ike  Street,  a  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Durham,  fituatcd  in  avalley, 
on  the  weft  fide  of  the  river  Wear,  in  a 
neighbourhood  abounding  in  coals.  This  i-j 
fuppofed  to  have  been  a  Roman  ftation,  and 
in  the  opinion  of  Camden,  named  Con- 
dercum.  The  bifliop  and  monks  of  Lindis- 
farm  fneltcred  themfelves  here  with  the  body 
of  St.  Cuthbert  during  the  Danifli  ravages  ; 
and  it  is  faid  that  when  Egiliic  bifliop  of* 
Durham  laid  the  foundation  of  a  new  church, 
immenfe  riches  were  found,  fo  that  he  rc- 
figned  his  biiliopric,  and  retired  to  Peter- 
borough, of  which  he  had  been  abbot.  The 
church  v/as  made  collegiate  by  Bilhop  Bee. 
In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was 
1662.  6  miles  N.  Durham,  263  N.  London, 

Chefler,  (  Wefl.)  a  county  of  New-York, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Duchefs  county, 
on  the  eaft  by  Connedticut,  on  the  fouth  by- 
Long  Ifland  Sound,  and  on  the  the  weft  by 
the  river  Hudfon.  2>Z  rniles  long  from  north 
to  fouth,  and  from  7  to  20  broad. 

Chefler,  {iVefli,)  a  tov/n  of  New- York. 
15  miles  NNE.  Ncv/-York. 

Chefler,  {IVefl,)  a  town  of  Virginia.  23 
miles  W.  Philadelphia. 

Chefler  Ridge,  mountains  of  Pennfylvania, 
in  v/hich  iron  and  le.d  ores  are  found.  140 
miles  WNW.  Piiiiadelphia. 

CheflerflulJ,  a  tovv'n  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Derby,  lituated  in  a  beautiful  vale, 
called  theValley  of  Scarfdale,  containing,  in 
1801,  a  population  oi  4267,  of  which  1389 
were  employed  in  trade  and  manufittures. 
In  this  town  are  fev.ral  potteries  and  filk 
mills,  and  a  cotton  mill,  with  large  iron 
founderies  in  the  neighbourhood :  iron  ore 
and  coals  are  both  dug  near  the  town  ;  a  na- 
vigable canal  has  lately  been  made  from 
hence  to  the  Trent,  five  miles  below  Gainf- 
borough.  It  is  a  corporation  town,  governed' 
by  a  mayor,  .ddermen,  &c-  The  market  is 
held  on  Saturday.  26  m.  N.  Derby,  149  N. 
London.     Long.  1.  30.  W.  Lat.  i:^.  20. 

CheflerfiehJ,d  town  of  NewHamplhire.  70 
m.W.Boftoiv.  Long. ■J2,'^i■'^^' Lat. ^i.sz.1^. 


C  H  E. 


C  H  I 


Chejlerjield,  a  county  of  the  ftate  of  South- 
CaroHna. 

Chejlerfield  Key,  an  iflet  near  the  north 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  Long.  77.  20. 
W.  Lat.zz.  15.  N. 

Chejierjield  Inlet,  a  bay  on  the  weft  fide 
cf  Hudfon's  Bay,  about  200  miles  long  and 
s 5  wide.  Long,  of  the  mouth  90.  40.  W. 
Lat.  6.-;.  30.  N. 

Chejlerfield  Shoals,  fiioals  in  the  ftraits  of 
Mozambique.    Lo7ig./i,i.^o.^.  Lat.xd.i,.^. 

Chefierford\  a  town  of  England,  in  Effex, 
formerly  a  Roman  ftaticn,  called  Cambori- 
cum;  many  antiquities  have  been  difcovered, 
and  the  foundations  of  the  wails  were  vifible 
a  few  years  lince.  The  market  has  been 
long  difcontinued.  13  miles  N.  Saffron 
Walden. 

Chefierton,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  Mary- 
land, in  the  county  of  Kent,  where  a  college 
was  inftituted  in  the  year  1782,  called  Wafli- 
ington  College. 

Cheta,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs  into 
tlieChatanga,  Zo;/^.!  07.29. E.Z/^/.  70. 20.N. 

Cheta,  a  river  of  RufFia,  which  runs  into 
theEnifei,  Long.  85. 14.  E.  Lat. bo.  40.  N. 

Che-tcheou-ouet,  a  town  of  China,  in  Hou- 
quang.  700  miles  SSW.  Peking.  Lo?jg. 
108.  54.  E.  Lat.  30.  16.  N. 

Che-tching,  a  town  of  China,  in  Quang- 
tong.     24  miles  WSW.  Hoa. , 

Che-tching,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Kiang-fi.     90  miles  SE.  Ki-ngan. 

Chetecan  Head,  a  car)e  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Cape  Breton.  Long.  60.  45. 
W.  Lat.  46.  4c.  N. 

Chetha'rn,  a  townfliip  of  England,  in  Lan- 
cafliire,  with  752  inhabitants.  3  miles  N. 
Mancheiirer. 

Cheticolon,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     9  miles  ESE.  Terriore. 

Chetiqua,  a  river  of  Lower  Siam,  which 
runs  into  the  fca,  LoTig.  98.  20.  E.  Lat. 
II.  5.  N. 

Chef  ran,  a  tov/n  of  Arabia.  6  miles  S. 
Kidaba. 

Che-tfien,  a  city  of  China,  of  the  firft  rank, 
v^  Koei-tcheou.  875  miles  SSW.  Peking. 
Long.  107.  44.  E.  Lat.  27.  30.  N. 

Cre-tfuen,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
Rink,  in  Se-tchuen.     30  miles  NE.  Mao. 

Che-tfung,  a  city  of  China,  of  the  fecond 
rank,  in  Yun-nan.  1020  miles  SSW.  Peking. 
Long.  103.  39.  E.  Lat.  24.  56.  N. 

Chetumal  Bay,  lee  Hanover  Bay. 

Cbeturgon-v,  a  town  of  liindooftan,  in  Bal- 
logiftan.     6  miles  SW.  Bahbelgong. 

CU'vagnes,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Allier.     9  miles  E.  Mouiins. 

C'hezancy  le  Ch.ltea-u.,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Forefis.  3  miles  N. 
Montmedy. 

Chei'ier,  ice  Khaiiar. 

Cheiernyy  a  town  of  France,  "in  the  de- 


partment of  the  Loire  and  Cher.  7  miles 
S.  Blois. 

ChevUly,  a  town  of  France.  5  m.  S.  Paris, 

Cheviot  Hills,  hills  of  England,  formed 
county  of  Northumberland,  which  formed 
a  free  chace,  called  Cheviot,  corruptly 
Chevy  Chace,  the  feat  of  the  encounter  be- 
tween the  Pierces  and  the  DouglafTes,  cele- 
brated in  the  ancient  popular  fong.  6  miles 
from  the  borders  of  Scotland,  i3  S.  Berwick. 

Chevire,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayne  anci  Loire.  5  miles 
NW.  Bauge. 

Che-jregny,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aifne.     5  miles  S.  Laon. 

Chevres,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Charente.  18  miles  E.  Angou- 
lefme. 

Chevreufe,  a  to\Vn  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Seine  and  Oife.  8  miles  SW^. 
Verfailles. 

Chevron,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Mont  Blanc.     16  m.E.  Chambery. 

Cheux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Calvados.     6  miles  W.  Caen. 

Cheivafe,  a  town  of  United  America,  in 
the  Tennafee  government.  24  miles  SW. 
Tellico. 

Chc'Vjny,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Can- 
deifli.    18  miles  E.  Hurdah. 

Che'-jjs,  a  river  of  Maryland,  which  luns 
into  the  Chefapeak.  Long.  76.  19.  W.  Lat. 
38.  55-N. 

Che-yam-hoei-Hotun,  a  town  of  Afia,  in 
the  kingdom  of  Corea.  437  miles  ENE. 
Peking. 

Cheze,  fl^a-))  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  North  Coalls.  4  miles  SE. 
Loudeac. 

Cheyjwjj,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Bechin.  6  miles  E.  Tabor. 

Chezery,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Leman.     8  m.  NW.  Geneva. 

Chezy  P Ahbaye,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Aifne.  4  miles  SSW. 
Chateau  Thierry. 

Chiacar,  a  town  of  Thtbet.  66  miles  SE. 
Laffa. 

Chiakahomny,  a  river  of  Vi  rginia,  which  runs 
into  James  ri\"er,  4  m.  NW.  James-Town. 

Chiaciipi,  a  town  of  Peru.  50  m.  Cufco. 

CZvi7;/Vd7A?;,!,aprovince  of  Mexico,  bound- 
ed on  the  north  by  Cullacan,  on  the 
eaft  by  the  Z-acatecas,  on  the  fouth  by 
Xalaico,  and  on  the  welf  by  the  Paciiic 
Ocean.  The  foil  is  generally  fertile;  and 
many  mines  of  filver  are  found  inthe  country. 

Chian'.ctlan,  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of 
the  province  of  the  fame  name.  325  miles 
NW.  Mexico.  Long.  109.  6.  W.  Lat. 
22-  58.  N. 

Chianietlan,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which 
Tuns  into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Long.  io6.  jo. 
W.  Z.'?/.  23.N. 


C  H  I 


0  II  I 


Chiametlan IJlamis t'A  cliifterofTmall  iilands 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  near  thecoaft  ot"  Mex- 
ico.   Ijat.  22.  20.  N. 

Chlanipa,  a  country  of  Afia,  bounded  on 
the  nortli  by  the  dcfei  t  of  Cochinchina,  on 
the  eaft  and  fouth  bv  the  Indian  fea,  and  on 
the  well  by  Cambodia.  It  is  little  known. 
Father  Alexander,  of  Rhodes,  a  Jefuit  mif- 
Honary,  tells  us  that  Chiampa  was  a  province 
of  China,  and  leparated  from  it  upwards  of 
two  centuries  ago  by  the  revolt  of  the  gover- 
nor, fent  thither  by  tl'.e  King  of  Tonquin, 
who  caufed  himfelf  to  be  declared  king. 
There  is  no  country  in  the  torrid  zone 
wherein  the  four  feafons  are  better  diftin- 
guilhed.  Though  the  rivers  are  not  conii- 
derable,  they  are  fources  of  its  plenty ; 
during  the  sionths  of  September,  October, 
and  November,  they  rife  every  fortnight, 
overflow  all  the  fields  for  tlircc  days,  and 
render  them  fo  fertile  by  their  flime  that 
they  can  fow  and  reap  twice  a  year.  The 
foil  produces  rice,  feveral  forts  ot  fruits  and 
herbs,  pepper,  cinnamon,  benzoin,  eagle, 
and  columba  wood  ;  gold,  lilver,  lilk,  cot- 
ton, and  porcelain,  are  likewife  to  be  found 
here.  Among  other  rare  animals  are  rhino- 
cerofes,  and  elephants  of  an  extraordinary 
fize  and  furpriiing  docility.  The  fea 
abounds  with  excelie-nt  fifli.  There  are  nxty 
good  harbours,  which  occalion  the  inhabi- 
tants to  apply  themlelves  much  to  trade  and 
navigation  ;  that  of  Faifo  is  one  of  the  moil 
conliderable. 

Chiana,  a  river  of  Italy,  anciently  called 
Clanis ;  the  centre  part  of  the  river  is 
marfhy,  and  the  water  is  faid  to  flow  in  a 
foutherly  diredtlon  into  the  Tiber  by  one 
mouth  near  Orvieto  ;  and  northerly  by  an- 
other into  the  Arno,  about  3  m.NW.Arezzo. 

Ciuana7itla,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tlafcala.  60  miles  S.  Pucbla  de  los 
Angelos. 

Chia/rrJt  a  town  of  Etruria.  16  miles 
ESE.  Leghorn. 

Chianti,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  Adriatic,  Long.  13.  48.  E.  Lat. 
43.18.N. 

Chiapa,  a  province  of  Mexico,  in  the 
audience  of  Guatimala,  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  province  of  Tabafco,  on  the 
eaft  by  Vera  Paz,  on  the  fouth  by  Ciuati- 
mala,  on  the  fouth-weft  by  Sonufco,  and  on 
the  weit  by  Guaxaca,  210  miles  long,  and 
135  broad.  Its  principal  productions  arc 
grain  and  fruit,  with  excellent  paffures,  on 
which  they  fcetl  a  great  number  of  cattle. 
There  are  no  mines  of  gold  or  lilver. 

Chijpa  dos  Efpagnols,  or  Chidad  Real,  a 
town  of  Mexico,  and  province  of  Chiapa,  the 
lee  of  a  bilhop.  It  contains  one  parifii,  with 
three  convents,  and  about  400  Spanilh  fami- 
lies, V.  ith  a  fauxbourg,  containing  about  loo 
Indian  families.     Its  p>incipal  commerce  is 


cocoa,  cotton,  and  cochineal.  380  miles  SE. 
Mexico.  Long.  94.  46.  W.  Lat.  17.  3.  N. 

Chiapa,  or  Chiapa  dos  Indies.,  a  town 
of  Mexico,  in  the  province  of  Chiapa, 
containing  4000  families,  chiefly  Indians, 
who  are  rich.  During  the  day  the  heat  is 
violent,  while  the  nights  arc  cool.  The  in- 
habitants raife  a  great  deal  of  fugar.  350 
miles  S.  Mexico,  30  W.  Cliiapa  dos  Efpag- 
nols,    Lo7!g.  95.  20.  W.  Lat.  17.  5.  N. 

Chiarcnza^  or  C/atrnrc,  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the  Mo- 
rea,  near  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  river 
Sillus  ;  once  a  confidcrable  place,  but  now 
almoll  ruined.  84  miks  SW.  Eivatha,  80 
W.Corinth.  Long.  2j.iG.E.  /W//.38.  ii.N. 

Chiari,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  dcpartmenl 
of  the  Mela,  bcLween  Brefcia  and  Crema, 
where  the  Impcrialifts  obtained  a  victory 
over  the  French  in  1 701.  12  m.W.  Brefcia. 
Long.  9.  56.  E.  Lat.  45.  32.  N. 

Chiaromontc,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  val- 
ley of  Noto.  25  miles  W.  Syracufe.  Long. 
14.  40.E.  //«/.  37.4.N. 

Chiafcio,  a  river  of  the  Popedom,  which 
runs  into  the  Tiber,   5  miles  S.  Perugia. 

Chiajl'llis,  a  tov/n  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  7 
miles  W.  Palma  Nuova. 

Chiatla,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Chiapa-  100  miles  SE.  Chiapa  dos 
Efpagnols. 

Chiavan,  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  the  province 
of  Ghilan.     120  miles  NW.  Rcihd. 

Chiavari,  a  tov/n  of  the  Ligurian  repub- 
lic.    15  miles  SE.  Genoa. 

^Chiavenna,  {County  of,)  a  counti'y  of 
SwilTcrland,  in  alliance  with  the  Grifons,  fi- 
tuated  at  the  foot  of  the  Rhelian  Alps,  to 
the  north  of  the  lake  of  Como,  about  24 
miles  long,  and  18  wide.  The  country  is 
fertile  in  wine  and  paltures.  The  inhabi- 
tants raife  a  good  deal  of  (ilk,  but  not  corn 
fulScient  for  their  wants;  this  they  obtain  of 
tlioir  neighbours  for  cattle,  wine,  and  filk. 
Tiie  inhabitants  are  Catholics,  and  depend 
on  the  Bifliopof  Como  for  fpiritaal  matters. 
It  came  under  the  Griibns  at  the  fame  tune 
with  the  Vaheline,  and  is  governed  by  a 
commifiary.  By  the  treaty  of  Campo  For- 
mic and  Luneville  it  was  ceded  to  the  Ciiiil- 
pine  republic,  now  the  kingdom  of  Italy. 

Chiavcnna,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lario,  heretofore  the  capi- 
tal of  a  county.  It  is  fituatod  at  the  foot  and 
upon  the  fide  of  a  mountain,  and  contains 
about  3,000  fouls.  The  inhabitants  carr^'  on 
but  little  commerce.  Tlic  principal  aiticlv'i 
of  exportation  areftone  pots,  called  l.ivczzi, 
and  raw  (iik.  The  whole  country  pr(>diicts 
about  3,6co  pounds  of  the  kift  conimoditv. 
A  mar.ufacfure  of  (ilk  llockings,  the  only 
one  in  the  town,  has  been  lately  cllablilhed. 
The  neighbouring  country  is  covered  with 
vineyards:  but  the  wine  is  of  a  meagre  fort. 


C  H  I 


C  HI 


and  only  a  fmall  quantity  is  exported.  The 
great  iupport  of  Chiavenna  is  the  tranfport 
of  merchandize,  this  town  being  the  prin- 
cipal communication  between  the  Mila- 
n;fe  and  Germany.  From  hence  the  goods 
are  fent  either  bv  Coire  into  Germany, 
or  through  Pregalia  and  the  Erigadinas 
into  the  Tyrol.  There  is  a  duty  laid  by 
the  Grilbns  upon  all  the  merchandize 
■which  pafies  through  Chiavenna;  but  this 
duty  is  fo  fmall  that  the  whole  culloms, 
including  thofe  in  the  Valteline,  are  farmed 
for  17,000  florins,  or  about  12,60}.  per  an- 
num. The  principal  objedt  of  curiofity  in 
the  environs  of  Chiavenna  is  the  fortrefs  in 
ruins,  feated  upon  the  fumm.it  of  a  rock, 
which  overlooks  the  town,  and  celebrated 
in  the  hiftory  of  the  Grifons  for  its  almoft 
impregnable  ilrength.  38  miles  N^  Como. 
35  S.  Coire.  Lo?ig,  9.  2%.  E.  Lat.  46. 
12.  N. 

ChiavoricG,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  1 3 
miles  W.  Udina. 

Chiavorofo,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  ofCarinthia.  In  March  1797,  the 
Auftrians  were  defeated  by  the  French  near 
this  town.     8  miles  S.  Tarvis. 

Chiantla,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tlafcala.  20  miles  SW.  Puebla  de 
los  An  gel  OS. 

Chia-TV,  {Gtilfof,)  a  bay  on  the  eafl  coafl 
oftheiflandof  Gilolo.  Long,  of  the  en- 
trance 123. 56.  E.  Lat.  I.  21.  N. 

Chibara  tai  Ktaviei:,  a  polt  of  Chinefe 
Tartary.     18  miles  N.  Geho. 

Chibia>:e,  a  village  of  Cyprus,  celebrated 
for  its  wine.  Near  this  place  a  battle  was 
fought  between  Richard  I.  king  of  England, 
and  liaac,  who  had  uiiirped  the  throne,  in 
which  the  latter  was  defeated.  It  was  an- 
ciently called  Ccrinea. 

Ckiblone,  a  tcv/n  of  Hindooffan,  in  Con- 
can,    ao  miles  ESE.  Severndroog. 

Chicak'e,  a  mountain  of  United  America, 
in  the  jlate  of  New  England. 

Cicacljc,  a  town  of  V/eil-Florida,  01;  the 
Pafeagoola.  Lopg.ZZ.sz.W.  Zfli?.  32.2.N. 

Chicacctta,  a  town  en  the  borders  of  Boc- 
tan,  a  fmall  cilUnce  from  the  boundary  of 
Bengal,  fortilied  with  a  bank  and  a  itockade. 
A  battle  v/as  fought  here  in  1772,  between 
the  Booteans  and  the  Britifli  forces,  in  \yhich 
the  latter  were  victorious,  and  took  pofleilion 
of  the  town;  which,  on  the  conclulion  of 
peace,  was  reftored,  and  forms  the  Bootan 
frontier.  75  miles  S.  T<.ffafudon,  50  N. 
Rungpour.  /.c/;^.  89.  25.E.  /..?/.  26.31.  N. 

Ckicalapour,  a  town  of  Ilindoolfan,  in 
Myforc.  10  miles  S.  ChinnaBalabaram. 

Chkavia.)  a  river  of  Peru,  which  runs  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  Lat.  7.  45.  S. 

Chkangcx,  or  Chacanga^  a  kingdom  of 
Africa,  V,  liich  was  formerly  a  part  of  the 
country  of  Mocararga,  rich  in  gold  mines. 


It  is  called  Manlca,  from  the  principal  town, 
which  is  fituated  on  the  river  Sofala,  in 
l^ong.  28.  E.  Lat.  20.  15.  S. 

Ghicapee,  a  river  of  United  America, 
which  rifes  in  the  flate  of  MaiTachufetts, 
and  runs  into  the  Connecticut  at  Springfield. 

Cbicar,  a  town  of  Hindooffan,  on  the 
fouth-wefl:  coaft  of  Guzerat.  6  miles  from 
the  ifland  of  Diu.     34  miles  S.  Chittour. 

Chicaj-is,  a  town  of  Imiretta.  20  miles 
W.  Cotatis. 

Chicarongo, ^town  of  Africa,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Bororos.     20  miles  N.  Tete. 

Chicafa^j:,  a  town  of  theftate  of  Georgia, 
belonging  to  the  Indians.  i>o;;^.  88.50.  W. 
Lat.  34.  10.  N. 

Chicaur^  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
Carnatic,     16  miles  S.  Chittore. 

Clncha  Ijland,  fee  Jefo. 

Ckichas,  a  jurifdi6tion  of  Peru,  under  the 
viceroyalty  of  Buenos  Ayres.  This  diftritl: 
forms  one  government  withTarija;  it  in  fitu- 
ated to  the  north-north -eaftofPotofi, in  thein- 
tendancv  of  which  it  is  included.  Itslength 
from  north  to  fouth  is  about  140  miles,  and 
its  breadth  about  100.  From  50  to  6o,oco 
marks  of  filver,  and  about  100,000  piaftres 
in  gold,  are  on  an  average  extraded  from 
the  mines  in  the  province:  and  the  plains 
give  food  to  numerous  herds  of  cattle.  St. 
Jago  de  Gutagayta  is  the  chief  town. 

Cb'icke,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Two  Sevres.  6  m.  SE.  BrefTuire. 

Chichcrohe,  a  town  of  the  Hate  of  Georgia. 
20  miles  N.  Tugeloo. 

Chichery,  a  town  of  Bengal.  34  miles  S. 
Palamow.  Lo?ig.  14.  26.  E.  Lat.  2:^.  14. N. 

Ckichefier,  a  city  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Suflex,  fituated  on  the  ri\cr 
Levant,  which  a  little  below  joins  an  arm 
of  the  fea :  faid  to  have  been  built  by  Ciffa,- 
the  fecond  Saxon  prince  of  this  country,  and 
the  refidence  of  his  fucceffors;  but  the  Ro- 
man pavement,  and  other  circumftances, 
fliew  it  ta  have  been  more  ancient,  and  at 
Icaft  known  to  the  Romans.  It  was  walJed 
round,  and  farniflied  with  four  gates,  which 
are  now  pulled  down.  Four  principal  ftreets 
extend  from  the  centre,  with  the  names  of 
Ealf,  Weil,  North,  and  South,  from  theij: 
dire(5tion.  The  river  aimoll:  fiirrounds  the 
town,  but  the  water  is  too  Ihallow  to  admit 
fnips  of  burden  up  to  it,  which  are  obliged 
to  unload  near  two  miles  below.  An  a6t  of 
parliament  was  obtained  in  the  reign  of 
James  I.  to  make  the  Lavant  navigable  up 
to  the  city,  but  not  put  into  execution.  The 
branch  or  arm  of  the  fea,  near  which  the 
city  is  fituated,  is  fpacious,  well  iheltered, 
and  capable  of  receiving  fliips  of  great  bur- 
then. Many  of  its  banks  are  ffecp  ;  where 
wharfs  or  warehoufes  might  be  erected  at  a 
fmall  expence.  The  entrance  lies  at  a 
place  called  Cotk  Bufh,  near  Weft-Witter- 


c  ii  I 

ing,  (where  it  is  fuppofed  that  Ell.i  firft  Land- 
ed,) on  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  oppoiite  lidc 
ciiled  HayHng.  The  channel  is  not  difhcult; 
hut  there  are  f.ind-banks  ofF  the  mouth  of 
the  harbour,  which  render  it  impoilible  for 
ftips  of  heavy  burthen  to  come  in,  unlefs  at 
Ipring-tides.  Merchant  vcHels  are  frequently 
built  and  repaired  iiere,  and  fometimes  ihips 
of  war.  Chichcfter  is  the  fee  of  a  bilhop, 
and  has  live  parilh  churches,  befides  the 
cathedral.  It  is  a  corporation,  and  fends 
two  members  to  parliament.  A  manufaifture 
of  baize,  blankets,  and  coarfe  cloths,  has 
lately  been  eftablillied.  The  manufadurc 
of  needles,  which  has  been  long  carried  on 
here,  is  now  almoft  annihilated.  In  1801, 
the  numberof  inhabitants  was  4744,  of  whom 
681  were  employed  in  trade  and  manufac- 
tures. Two  markets  are  held  weekly,  on 
Wednefday  and  Saturday,  for  corn  and  pro- 
viiions ;  and  on  every  other  Wednefday  a 
market  for  live  flieep  and  cattle.  36  miles 
SE.  Wincheiler,  61' SSE.  London.  Long. 
c.  47.  W.  Lat.  50.  50.  TST. 

Ckichejhr,  a  town  of  Pennfylvania.  17 
miles  S\V.  Philadelphia. 

Chiciiics,  a  town  of  Lithuania.  8  miles 
N.  Rohaczow. 

Chickago,  a  river  of  America,  which  runs 
into  Lake  Michigan.  Long.  87.  7.  W.  Lat. 

4z.  r..N. 

Chickcihomony.,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
runs  into  the  James  river,  Long.  76. 56.  W. 
Lat-  37.  12. N. 

Chicken  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Java.  Long.  114. 14.  E.  Lat* 
8.  40.  S. 

Chicken-Head,  a  cape  on  the  eafl  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Lev/is.  Long.  6.  10.  W. 
Laf.  58.  10.  N. 

Chickifalengo,  a  river  of  Pennfylvania, 
which  runs  into  the  Sufquchanna,  Long. 
76.  31.W.    Lat.JtO.A.^. 

Chickley,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Can- 
deifh.     12  miles E.Chuprali. 

Chickley,  a  town  of  Mindooftan,  in  Bag- 
lana.     30  miles  SSE.  Surat. 

Cbickfaiii  Bluff,  fee  tVolf-Rivcr. 

Chiciana,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  La  Mancha.  2  miles  N.  Ubcda. 

Chiciana,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Seville.     52  miles  S.  Seville. 

Chico?nxon,  a  town  of  the  ifate  of  Mary- 
land, on  the  Potomack.  38  miles  SSW. 
Annapolis. 

Chicorata,  a  town  of  New-Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Cinaloa.     30  miles  £.  Cinaloa. 

Chicova,  a  tov/n  of  Africa,  and  capital  of 
a  diflrict  in  Mocaranga,  on  the  Zarabefe. 
Long.  30.  20.  E.     Lat.  16.  30.  S. 

Chicuito,  ajurifdiftion  of  South-America, 
in  the  viceroyalty  of  Buenos  Ayres,  about 
108  miles  long,  and  75  wide. 

Chicle fa^  a  town  of  European  Turkev,  in 


G  IT  I 

the  Morea,  near  the  guff  of  Coron.  It  was 
taken  by  the  Venetians,  in  the  ^tar  i68c. 
12  miles  W.  Kolokitia. 

Chiewjee,  a  lake  of  Bavaria  :  it  contains 
ieveral  iflands,  particularly  Ilerrenwerd  and 
iM-awenwerd,  on  the  left  of  which  is  a  town 
called  Chiemice,  which  is  the  fee  of  abilhop, 
laflragan  of  Saltzburg,  founded  in  the  13th 
century.     15  miles  W.  Salzbuig. 

Chiento,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs  into 
the  Adriatic  between  Firmo  and  Rccanati. 
Long._  13.  46.  E.  Lat  43. 14.  N. 

Chieri,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Po,  iituatcd  on  the  declivity 
of  a  hill,  in  an  agreeable  country,  the  air 
loft  and  healthy:  tlie  hills  to  the  north  and 
eafl:  are  covered  with  vines,  while  thole  to 
the  well  and  fouth  are  covered  v/ith  fruit 
trees  of  diflcrent  kinds;  the  land  is  fertile, 
and  the  inhabitants  induilrious;  they  have 
manufactures  of  cloth  and  iilk.  Its  ancicHt 
name  was  Cherlum,  or  Carium,  and  it  is 
called  by  the  French  Quicrs.  It  was  burned 
by  the  emperor  Frederick  Barbarofla,  in  the 
year  1154;  but  was  loon  after  rebuilt.  It  is 
lurrounded  by  an  ancient  wall  defended  by 
towers,  with  a  foife;  and  had  formerly  a 
fortrefs,  named  Rochetta,  demoliflicd  in  the 
fixteenth  century.  It  has  fix  gates,  and  four 
grand  fquares  or  places,  many  churches, 
and  religious  houfes,  though  only  two  pa- 
riihes  within  the  walls,  and  one  without. 
6  m.  E.Turin.   Loyig.-j.^Z.E.  Lat.  45.4.N. 

Chiers,  {La,)  a  river  of  France,  which 
runs  into  the  Meuic  betv/een  Mouzon  and 
Sedan. 

Chiefa,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Vaite- 
line.     6  miles  S.  Sondrio. 

Chiefa,  {La,)  a  river  of  Italy,  which  nin.s 
into^  the  Oglio,  at  Caneto,  in  the  Mantuan. 

Chieti,  lee  Ci-jita  di  Chief!. 

Chietta,  {La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie 
department  of  the  Jura.    11  m.  NF..  Orgclet. 

Chisvies,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Jemappe.    4  miles  S.  .^th. 

Chiev.ti,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Capitanata.     13  ni.  SSE.  Termok. 

Cinggrc,  a  town  of  Nubia.  200  miles 
S.  Syene.     Long.  34.  ao.  E.  Lat.  21.  N. 

Chiggeron,  a  river  of  Perfia,  which  runs 
into  the  Caljpian  lea,  a  little  to  tlie  north 
of  Amol. 

LhigncfJo,  a  tov/n  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  the 
Bay  of  Fundy,  near  which  was  a  Imart 
action  between  the  Bnt.fl>  troops,  under 
the  command  of  Major  Lav/itnce,  with 
fjnie  French  and  Indians,  in  ihe  year  1749, 
and  another  between  t-ie  Britilh,  under  the 
command  of  Lieutenant  Scott,  and  the  fame 
enemies,  in  1756. 

Ch:gy-J\.r-Varr:e,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Yonne.  6  miles 
£S£.  Sens. 

Cki-king,  a  tov/n  of  China,  of  the  third 


CHI 

rank,  in  the  province  of  Quang-tong.     i8 
miles  SW,  Nan-yong. 

Chignolo^  a  town  of  Italy.  14  miles  E. 
Paira,  10  S.  Lodi. 

Cblkkoke,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore.     II  railes  SW.  Seringapatam_. 

Chilnre,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  Candelaro,  7  m.  W.  Manfredonia. 

Chilca,  a  feaport  of  Peru,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  about  40  miles  S.  Calloa.  Lai. 
la.  32.   S. 

Chilljovjee,  a  town  of  United  America, 
in  TennaiTee.     25  miles  S.  Knoxville. 

Chili,  an  extenfive  country  of  South-Ame- 
rica, extending  from  Peru  on  the  north,  to 
the  country  of  Magellan  on  the  fouth  ; 
bounded  on  tlie  eafl  by  immenfe  deierts, 
•which  divide  it  from  Paraguay  and  other 
parts  of  South-America,  and  on  the  weft  by 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  Incas  of  Peru  had 
prevailed  upon  great  part  of  the  inhabitants 
•  ef  that  vaft  region  to  fubmit  to  their  wife 
laws,  and  intended  to  fubdue  th^  whole, 
had  they  not  met  with  infuperable  difficul- 
ties. This  important  projeiSl  was  refumed 
by  the  Spaniards  as  foon  as  they  had  con- 
quered the  principal  provinces  of  Peru.  In 
■  the  beginning  of  1535,  Almagro  fet  out 
from  Cufco,  and  paifed  the  Cordelcras ; 
and  though  he  had  loft  a  great  part  of  the 
foldiers  v.'hc  attended  hini  in  his  expedition, 
he  was  received  with  the  greateft  marks  of 
fubmiiuon  by  the  nations  that  had  been  for- 
merly under  the  dominion  of  the  empire, 
■where  he  ended  his  days  in  an  unfortunate 
manner.  The  Spaniards  appeared  again  in 
Chili  in  1541.  Baldivia,  their  leader,  en- 
tered it  v/ithout  the  ieaft  oppofition.  The 
inhabitants  were  gathering  in  their  crops; 
but  as  foon  as  the  harveft  was  over,  they 
took  up  arms,  and  never  laid  them  down  for 
ten  years.  Some  diirricfs,  indeed,  chfcou- 
raged  by  the  continual  lolfcs  they  fuftained, 
at  length  fubmitted;  but  t!ie  relb  refolutely 
fought  for  their  liberty,  though  they  were 
generally  defeated.  Their  molt  irreconcile- 
ablc  enemies  are  the  inhabitants  of  Arauco 
and  Tucape!,  thofe  to  the  fouth  of  the  river 
Eobio,  or  who  extend  towards  the  Corde- 
lcras. Their  manners,  which  bear  a  greater 
refcniblancc  to  thole  of  the  favages  of  North 
America  than  to  thofe  of  the  Peruvians 
their  neighbours,  render  them  confequendy 
more  fonr.idable.  When  they  go  to  war, 
they  carry  noticing  with  them,  and  want 
neither  ttnts  nor  baggage.  The  fame  trees 
from  which  they  gather  their  food,  fupply 
them  with  lances  and  darts.  As  they  are 
furc  of  finding  in  one  place  what  they  had  in 
another,  they  willingly  refign  any  country 
which  they'  are  unable  to  defend.  All 
places  are  equally  indifferent  to  them.  Their 
troops  being  free  from  all  incumbrance  of 
p;ovifioi)3  and  ammunit:cn,.m;a-ch  W'!'.hfar- 


C  IT  I 

prifing  agility.  They  expofe  their  lives 
like  men  who  fet  little  value  on  them;  and 
if  they  lofe  the  field  of  battle,  they  are  not 
at  a  lofs  for  magazines  and  encampments 
wherever  there  is  a  ground  covered  with 
fruits.  They  fornetimes  invite  their  neigh- 
bours to  join  them  to  attack  the  common 
enemy,  and  this  they  call  throwing  the  ar- 
row, becaufe  this  call  flies  as  fwiftly  and 
lilently  as  an  arrow  from  one  habitation  to 
another.  A  certain  night  is  immediately 
fixed  upon,  in  the  dead  of  which,  the  time 
they  always  choofe  for  the  commencement 
of  hollilities,  they  fall  upon  the  next  village 
where  there  are  Spaniards,  and  from  thence 
proceed  to  others.  They  murder  all  the  in- 
habitants except  the  white  women,  whom 
they  always  carry  off.  Before  the  enemy 
has  time  to  colle6l  his  forces,  they  all  unite 
in  one  body.  Their  army,  though  more 
formidable  from  their  numbers  than  from 
their  difcipline,  is  not  afraid  of  attacking 
the  pofts  that  are  moft  ftrongly  fortified. 
This  fury  often  fucceeds,  becaufe  they  are 
io  conftantlv  fupplied  with  reinforcements 
that  they  are  not  fenfible  of  their  loilcs.  If 
thefe  are  fo  confiderable  as  to  oblige  them  to 
deiift,  they  retire  to  the  diftance  of  a  few 
leagues,  and  five  or  lixdays  after,  fall  upon 
fome  other  place.  Thefe  barbarians  never 
think  they  are  beaten  unlels  they  are  fur- 
rounded.  If  they  can  take  pofleflion  of  a 
place  difficult  of  accefs,  they  think  they  are 
conquerors.  The  head  of  one  Spaniard,, 
which  they  carry  off  in  triumph,  comforts 
them  for  the  death  of  an  hundred  Indians. 
The  country  is  of  fuch  confiderable  extent, 
that  when  they  find  themfelves  in  danger 
from  the  enemy,  they  forfake  their  poltef- 
fions,  and  remove  into  fome  impenetrable 
foreft.  Recruited  by  other  Indians,  they 
foon  return  into  the  parts  they  had  before 
inhabited;  and  this  alternate  facceffion  of 
flight  and  reiiftance,  of  boldnefs  and  fear, 
is  the  circumfiance  that  renders  them  un-^ 
conquerable.  War  is  to  them  a  kind  of 
amufement.  As  it  Is  neither  expenlive  nor 
inconvenient  to  them,  they  have  nothing  to 
apprehend  from  its  continuance;  and  it  is  a 
conftant  rule  with  them  never  to  fue  for 
peace.  The  pride  of  Spain  muft  always 
condefcend  to  make  the  firft  .overtures. 
When  thefe  are  favourably  received,  a  con- 
ference is  held..  The  governor  of  Chili  and 
the  Indian  general,  attended  by  the  mofl 
diftinguilhed  captains  on  both  fides,  fettle 
the  terms  of  accommodation  at  a  convivial 
meeting.  The  Spaniards  are  always  obliged 
to  purchafe  peace  by  fome  prefents,  and, 
after  a  variety  of  fruitlcfs  attempts,  they 
have  been  forced  to  give  up  all  thoughts  of 
extending,  their  conqueft,  and  reduced  to 
covertheir  frontiers  byerei.'l:ing  forts  at  pro- 
per diflanccs.    Thefe  precautions  arc  taken 


CHI 

to  prevent  the  Indians,  who  have  fubmittcd, 
from  joining  the  independent  favages,  and 
likewife  to  repel  the  inroads  of  the  hitteT 
into  the  colonies.  Thefc  colonies  are  dil- 
perled  on  the  borders  of  the  South  Sea ; 
they  are  parted  from  Peru  by  a  del'ert  that 
meal'ures  240  miles,  and  bounded  by  the 
iOand  of  Chilos  at  the  extremity  next 
the  Straits  of  Magellan.  On  that  great 
length  of  coaft  there  are  no  fettlements  cx- 
ceptthofeofValdiviajConceptionjValparaifo, 
and  Coquimbo,  or  La  Serena,  which  are  all 
le'aports.  In  tlie  inland  country  is  St.  Jago, 
the  capital  of  the  colony.  There  is  no  cul- 
ture nor  habitation  at  any  diftance  from 
thefe  towns.  The  buildings  are  all  very 
low,  made  of  unburnt  brick,  and  moitly 
thatched.  Tiiis  pra6i:ice  is  obferved  on  ac- 
count of  the  frequent  earthquakes,  and  is 
properly  adapted  to  the  nature  of  the  cli- 
mate, as  well  as  to  the  indolence  of  tlv:  inl\i- 
bitants.  They  are  robuil  and  well  ihaped 
men,  but  few  in  number.  In  all  that  large 
fettlement  there  are  not  2o^o:.o  white  men, 
and  not  more  than  6oj00o  negroes,  or  In- 
dians, able  to  bear  arms.  The-  military 
eflahlifliment  amounted  formerly  to  2000 
men;  butthe  maintaining  ofthem  was  found 
too  expenhve,  and  they  were  reduced  to 
500  at  the  beginning  of  the  century.  If 
Chili  is  uninhabited,  it  is  not  owing  to  the 
climate,  which  is  oneofthe  mofl  wholefome 
in  the  world.  The  vicinity  of  the  Corde- 
leras  gives  it  fuch  a  delightful  temperature, 
as  could  not  otherv/ife  be  expedted  in  that 
latitude.  There  is  not  a  more  pleafaat 
province  in  ail  the  mother  country.  The 
richnefs  of  its  gold  mines  has  been  too  much 
extolled.  Their  united  produce  never  ex- 
ceeds 22o,ccol.  fterling  a  year.  The  gold 
was  formerly  brought  over  in  bullion  ;  but 
ever  fince  the  year  1749,  it  is  coined  in  the 
mint  fet  up  at  St.  Jago.  The  excellent  cop- 
per mines  of  Coquimbo  fupply  the  whole 
kingdom  of  Peru.  A  more  certain  fourceof 
wealth,  though  lefs  pleating  to  the  poifefrors, 
is  the  prodigious  fertility  of  the  foil.  All 
the  European  fruits  have  improved  in  that 
happy  climate.  The  v/ine  would  be  ex- 
cellent, if  nature  were  alTifted  by  art.  The 
corn  har^'eft  is  reckoned  a  bad  one  when  it 
does  not  yield  a  hundred  fold.  With  all 
thefe  advantages,  Chili  has  no  dire<5t  intcr- 
courfe  with  the  mother  country.  Their 
whole  trade  is  confined  to  Peru,  Paraguay, 
and  the  Indians,  on  their  ov/n  frontiers. 
The  inhabitants  of  Chili  f.'ll  their  mofl  ordi- 
nary and  lefs  valuable  commodities  to  thefe 
lavages  for  oxen,  horfes,  and  their  own 
children,  whom  they  are  ready  to  part  with 
for  the  mofl  trifling  things.  Wine  and  I'pi- 
rituous  liquors  were  fold,  till  the  year  1724, 
to  thefe  people,  v/ho,  like  ra^ll  other  favages, 


CHI 

are  exceflively  fond  of  tiiem.  When  they 
were  intoxicated,  they  ufcd  to  take  up  arms, 
maflacrc  all  the  Spaniards  they  nvjt  with, 
and  fuddenly  attack  the  forts,  and  ravage 
the  country  near  their  dwellings.  Thcie 
outrages  were  lb  often  repeated,  that  it  was 
found  necelfary  llriaiy  to  forbid  this  dan- 
gerous trade.  The  good  effects  of  the  pro- 
hibition are  daily  felt.  The  commotions 
of  thefe  people  are  lefs  frequent  and  Icls 
dangerous,  anU  their  peaceable  behaviour 
has  brought  on  a  vilible  incrc.de  of  intcr- 
courfe  with  them.  Chili  fupplies  Peru  wltK 
great  plenty  of  hides,  dried  fruit,  copper, 
lalt  meat,  horfes,  iiemp,  lard,  wheat,  and 
gold.  In  exchange  for  thefe  articles,  Peru 
lends  tobacco,  lligar,  cocoa,  earthen  ware, 
woollen  cloth,  linen,  hats  made  at  Quito, 
and  every  article  of  luxury  that  is  brought- 
from  Europe.  The  (lups  fent  from  CaJIao 
on  this  traffic  were  formcrlv  bound  for  Con- 
ception Hay,  but  now  come  to  Valparaifo. 
Chill  fends  to  Paraguay  fome  woollen  ftufFs 
called  P',i-lI)os,  which  are  ufed  for  cloaks. 
It  alio  lends  wines,  brandy,  oil,  and  chiefly 
gold ;  and  receives  in  return  wax,  a  kind  of 
tallow  fit  to  make  foap,  the  herb  of  Para- 
guay, European  goods,  and  as  many  negroes 
as  Buenos  Ayrcs  can  furniili.  Chili  is  a  llate 
entirely  dillin.5t  from  Peru,  and  governed 
by  a  chief,  who  is  abfolute  in  all  p'jiitical, 
civil,  and  military  aflairs,  and  independent 
of  the  viceroy,  who  has  no  authority  except 
when  a  governor  dies  to  appoint  one  in  his 
room  for  a  time,  till  the  mother  country 
names  a  fuccellbr. 

Chiliii,  a  town  of  New  Mexico.  8o  m. 
S.  S,anta  Fe. 

Chilka,  a  lake  of  Hindooftan,  on  the  fea 
coift  of  the  province  of  Cattack,  and  north- 
weil  fide  of  the  bay  of  Bengal.  Tliis 
lake  feems  the  efFevfl  of  a  breach  of  the  fea, 
over  a  fiat  fandy  fhore,  and  extending  aboi'.c 
36  miles  in  length,  and  from  10  to  ij  in 
breadth,  with  many  inhabited  illanus  in  it; 
on  the  northweflit  is  bounded  by  a  ridge  of 
mountains.     40  miles  S'»V.  Cattack. 

Chilkore,  a  town  of  Bengal,  15  miles  S. 
Boglipour. 

Chillama,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles 
NW.  Rogonatpoar-  Long.  86. 43.  E.  Lat. 
2,5    .^6.  N. 

Chiliambaram,  a  town  of  HindooPan,  in 
the  Carnatic,  on  the  coall  of  Coiomandcl, 
with  a  celebrated  pagoda,  highly  venerated 
by  the  Hindoos.  In  1781,  Ilyder  Ali  liad  \ 
garriibn  in  this  pagoda,  whicli  was  attacked 
by  Sir  Eyre  Cooie  without  fucccfs.  In  a 
battle  aiewdays  after,  Hydcr  was  defeated 
v;ith  great  lols.     3  miles  S.  Porto  Novo. 

Chillj.ru,  o\  Ckilan,  a  town  o»  South-Ame- 
rica, in'thc  country  of  Chili,  and  capital  of 
a  diilriifi- ;  it  ii  ciiiefly  inhabited  by  Indians. 


C  H  I 


c  H  r 


71;  miles  NE.  Concention.    Lor.g.  7a.  30. 
W.  Lat.  36.  S.  ^ 

Ckilleiros,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Eftramadura.     14  m.  NW.  Lifoon. 

Chilleia's,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Loiret.     14  m.NE.  Orleans. 

Chillis,  a  town  of  Syria,  in  the  pachalic  of 
Aleppo,  with  large  bazars,  and  15  mofques. 
Many  medals  have  been  found  here.  10 
miles  SSW.  Antab,  15  N.  Aleppo. 

ChiHoa,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Cartbagena.    20  m.  S.  Mompox. 

Chilloi:,  a  town  of  Swiflf^rland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  Bern.  Near  this  place,  on  a  rock  in 
the  lake  of  Geneva,  is  an  ancient  caftle  or 
chateau,  built  in  1238,  by  Amadeus  IV.  count 
of  Savoy.  It  has  lately  been  ufed  as  a  ftate 
prifon.  In  1798,  it  was  fcized  by  the  infur- 
■  gents  of  the  Pays  de  Vaud.  5  miles  ESE. 
Vevay. 

Chillumcotta,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore,  taken  by  the  British  under  Captain 
■Read  in  1791.     20  m.  E.Chinna  Balabaram. 

Chillunieaul,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
.  circar  of  Cuddapa.     17  m.  NW.  Cuddapa. 

Chilly,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
,ment  of  the  Jura.  3  miles  SW.  Lons  le 
Saunier. 

Chilmary,  a  town  of  Bengal,  and  prin- 
cipal town  ot  the  province  of  Patladah.  32 
miles  SE.  Rungpour,  iqo  NNE.  Calcutta. 
l,ong.  90.  3.  E.    hat.  25.  26.  N. 

Cbil??ii7iar,  fee  Tchil:?;inar. 

Ckiluey,  a  fmali  ifland  in  the  Arabian  fea, 
near  the  coait  of  Peilia.  Long.  65.  44.  E. 
Lat.  ZS'  N. 

Chiloe,  a  confiderable  ifland  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  on  the  coail  of  Chili.  The 
fouth  part  of  it  is  divided  from  the  continent 
by  a  narrow  fea,  which  forms  a  bay.  This 
coaft  is  i'ubjecl  to  tempeiluous  v/eather,  efpe- 
cially  in  March,  when  winter  begins.  The 
Spaniards  have  but  one  little  foit  in  this 
idand,  called  Cachao,  and  the  town  of  Caftro. 
Tills  illand  produces  ail  necefiary  refreih- 
ments  arad  provifions,  except  wine;  and. 
much  ambergrife  is  found  here.  The  ex- 
ports in  the  year  1789  amounted  to  30,000 
piiaftres,and  its  imports  to  5 1,200.  Aboutthis 
iiland  are  many  more,  all  wliich  together 
form  a  jurifdidion  called  the  jurifdidion  of 
Chiloe,  under  the  viceroyalty  of  Lima.  The 
illands  of  Chiloe  are  reputed  barren;  but 
their  foil  is  not  really  fo.  The  nature  of 
the  climate  is  fuch,  that  it  rains  almoft  all 
the  year;  fo  that  only  maize,  or  other  llich 
grains,  can  ripen,  that  v/ant  not  much  fun. 
The  diet  of  the  natives  is  moftlyof  a  root 
called  Papayas,  which  grows  bigger  in  this 
illand  than  in  any  other  place.  The  cedar 
trees  gi'ow  to  an  am;izing  fize.     Lat.  43.  S. 

Chilok,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs  into 
the  Selenga  near  Selenginik. 

Chiton,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 


archblfhopric  of  La  Plata.    •'70  miles  NE. 
La  Plata. 

Chilone,  a  mountain  of  Naples,  in  Capi- 
tanata.     14  miles  SW.  Lucera. 

Chilongery,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore.    45  miles  NW.  Seringapatam. 

Chilques,  a  town  of  Peru,  and  capital  of 
a  jurifdidtion  of  thefime  name,  inPeru.  45 
miles  S.  Cufco,  130  N.  Arequipa. 

Chiltepec,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into the  gulf,  Long.  94.  6.W.  Lat.  18.18.N, 

Chiltepec,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tabafco.     25  miles  NW.  Tabafco. 

Chiller)!,  a  ridge  of  bills  which  erodes  the 
county  of  Bucks,  a  little  to  the  fouth  of  the 
centre,  reaching  fromTring  in  Hertfordfliire, 
to  Henlv  in  the  county  of  Oxford.  To  thefe 
hills,  called  the  Chiltern,  is  annexed  the  no- 
minal office  of  ffeward  under  the  crown,jthe 
acceptanceof  which,  of  confequence,  enables 
a  member  of  parliament  to  vacate  his  feat. 

Chilvers  Coton,  a  tov/n  of  England,  int 
Warwicklhire.  In  1801,  the  number  of  in- 
habitants was  1877,  of  whom  1757  were 
employed  in  trade  and  manufaflures. 

Chimay,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
m.ent  of  Jemappe,  iale  in  the  county  of 
Hainaut,  often  ruined  by  wars,  and  a?,  often 
rebuilt.  It  v/as  ceded  to  France  by  the  treaty 
of  Ratifbon  in  1684,  and  reftored  to  the 
Spaniards  by  the  peace  of  Ryfwick  ;  near  it 
are  mines  of  iron,  with  founderies  and  forges. 
10  pofts  ENE.  Cambray,  15  SE,  Liile. 

Ckiinbarongo,  a  town  of  South-America, 
in  Chili.     90  miles  SSE.  Valparayfo. 

ChimhivilcaT,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  dio- 
ccfe  of  Cufco.     80  miles  WSW.  Cufco. 

Chimho,  a  town  of  South-America,  and 
capital  of  a  jurifdidfion,  in  the  province  of 
Quito.  The  town  contains  about  80  families, 
Spaniards  and  Indians,  and  the  whole  diflriiSt' 
about  800  inhabitants.  15  miles  W.  Rio- 
bamba,  90  S.  Qj^ito. 

Cimnboraffo,  a  town  of  South-America, 
in  the  audience  0:  Quito.  25  miles  SW. 
Riobamba. 

Chiviborazo,  a  mountain  cf  Peru,  which 
reaches  3220  toifes  above  the  level  cf  the  fea,. 

Chimelter.ango,  a  town  of  Me.xico,  in  the 
province  of  Guatimala.     8  m.  N.  Guatimala. 

Chimcpanipefiick,  a  river  of  Canada,  whicU 
runs  into  the  river  St.  Laurence,  Long.  61. 
25.  W.  Lat.  50.  5.  N. 

Chimera,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  European 
Turkey,  capital  of  a  diilrift,  in  the  province 
ofAlbaniri,  (ituated  on  a  rock  near  the  fea 
coalt,  oppofite  the  iliand  of  Corfu,  noted  for 
its  warm  baths.  18  miles  S.  Valona.  Long. 
19.   33.   E.    Lat.  4c.  19.  N. 

Chitniiyconda-;  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Golconda.     8  miles  SE.  Combamet. 

Chi'inleigh,  fee  Chtinilcigh. 

Chimney,  a  town  of  the  iJlnnd  of  Ceylon. 
94  n^.iies  SE.  Candy. 


C  II  I 


C  H  I 


Chimo,   a  river  of  Pern,  which  runs  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  Lat.  8.  lo.  S. 

Chinas  a  country  of  Afi;i,   called  by  the 
Chinefe  Tchong-koue,  or  TL'  MiJdk  Kiug- 
Jom.     The  Weltern  Moguls  called  it  Cati^y  ; 
the  Mantchew  Tartars,  Nican-courou;  the 
Japanefc,  Thau;  and  the  people  of  Cochin- 
china  and  Siam,  Cbi.     It  is  probably  from 
this  lafl  appellation  that  the  word  China  is 
derived.     The  Chinefe  hiftory  relates,  that 
the   firlt  imperial  f;imily  who  cariied  their 
arms  towards  the  weft,  afTamed  the  name 
Ci  Tlin,  orTai-tlin.     The  armament  which 
the  emperor  Tiin-chi-hoang  font  as  far  as 
Bengal,  muil  have  made  the  people  of  India 
acquainted  with  the  name  of  Tiin,  whofo 
formidable  power  had  been  felt  at  fo  great 
a  diftance.    This  name  palling  aftervvards 
from  India  to  Perlla  and  Egypt  might  per- 
haps reach  Europe.    This  is  the  molt  pro- 
bable account  w-e  can  give  of  the  origin  of 
'    the  name  by  which  this  vaft  empire  is  gene- 
rally known.      China,  properly   fo  called, 
comprehends  from  north  to  ibuth  1 8  degrees; 
its  extent  from-eaft  to  weft  is  fomewhat  lefs. 
The    adjacent  countries   fubjci^ed    to   the 
Chinefe  government,  iuch  as  the  iflands  of 
Hainan  andFonnofa,  Leaotong  and  Tartary, 
are  not  included  in  this  eftimation;  for  if 
we  reckon  from  the  moil  fouthcrn  point  of 
the  ifland  of  Hainan  to  the  northern  extre- 
mity of  Tartary,  wliich  is  under  rhc  dominion 
of  the  Emperor  of  China,  we  fhall  find  that 
the  territories  of  this  prince  are  more  than 
2,700  miles  in  extent  from  north  to  fouth, 
and  about  4,500  miles  froin  eaft  to  well, 
reckoning  from  the  Eaflern  fi  a  as  far  as  the 
country  of  Cafhgar,  conquered  by  the  Chi- 
nefe in  1759.  China  is  bounded  on  the  north 
by  Tartary,  from  which  it  is  feparatcd  by  a 
wall  1500  miles  in  length;  on  the  eaft  by 
the  fea;    on  the  well   by  lofty  mountains 
and  defeits ;  aad  towards  the  fouth  by  the 
ocean,  the   kingdoms   of  Tonquin,  Laos, 
and  Cochin-china.    It  is  divided  into  fifteen 
provinces;  wirich  are  Pe-tche-li,  Kiang-nan, 
Kiang-li,Fo-kicn,  Tche-kiang,  Hou-quang, 
Ho-oa.n,  Chan-tong,   Chan-(i,  Chen-li,   Se- 
tchuen,  Qaang-tor.g,  Quaag-fi,yun-nan,  and 
Koei-tcheou.   China  is  fo  extenfive,  that  all 
its  provinces  tannoc  enjoy  the  fame  tempe- 
rature ;  their  climate,  and  the  nature  of  their 
foil,  are  therefore  various,  accordjng  as  they 
are  nearer  or  more  remote  from  the  louth; 
fevere  cold  is  felt  at  Peking,  v/hile  the  fou- 
thern   provinces  are   expofod  to   cxceflive 
heat :  the  air  however  is  in  general  v,hole- 
fome,  and  the  people  commonly  live  to  a 
great  age.      The   principal    mountains  of 
China  are  thofe  in  the  northern  and  weltern 
parts  of  the  empire.  The  latter  are  rendered 
fruitful  by  the  labour  and  induftry  of  the 
Chinefe  hufbandman;  but  the  former,  which 
are  barren  and  rocky,  being  incapable  oi 
Vol.  I.  O  o 


improvement,   remain   without  cultivation. 
Thofe  of  the  provinces  of  Chen-fi,  Ho-n.in, 
Q^ang-toiig,  and  Fo-kien,  fliow  few  (igns 
of  culture  ;  but  they  are  covered  with  forcfls 
tliat  abound  with  tall  lliaight  trees  of  every 
fpecies,  which  are  fit  for  building,  and  par- 
ticularly adapted  for  mafts  and  ihip-timber. 
The  emperor  ufes  them  for  his  private  edi- 
fices ;  and'he  fomctimes  procures  from  thcfe 
mountains  enormous  trunks,  which  hecaufcs 
to  be  traniportcd  to  the  diftance  of  900  miles, 
both  by  land  and  water  carriage,  to  be  cm- 
ployed  in  his  palace,  or  for  public  works. 
Other  mountains  are  no  lefs  ui'eful,  on  ac- 
count of  the  quickfilver,  iron,  copper,  gold, 
and  filver  mines  which  they  contain.     Wif- 
dom  and  political   forefight  have  long  pre- 
vented the  latter  from  being  opened.    The 
prudent  chiefs  of  the  early  dynailies,  well 
aware  that  artiiicial  and  ideal  riches  could 
not  form  a  folid  bale  for  the  happinefs  of 
ftates,  were  afraid  of  opening  thtfe  fources  , 
of  luxury,  left  the  people  fliould  be  induced 
to  negled  the  natural  riches  of  their  foil  by 
applying  to  other  labours  than  thofe  of  agri- 
culture.    About  the  commencement  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  the  emperor  Tching-tfwa 
caufed  a  mine  of  precious  Hones  to  b:  (hut, 
v/liich  had  been  opened  bv  a  private  indi- 
vidual.    Ufelefs   labours,  faid  this   prince, 
produce  ftcrility  ;  a  mine  of  precious  ifones 
does   not  furnifn   corn.      At   prelent,  tlie 
Chinefe  are  not  fb  fcrupulous ;  and  it  is  cer- 
tain they  carry  on   a   great  trade  in   gold. 
The  principal  lakes  of  China  are  the  Tong- 
ting-hou,  fituated  in  the  province  of  IIou- 
quang,  which  is  more  than  240  miles  in  cir- 
cumference ;    the  Tai^hou,   part  of  which 
extends  into  Kiang-nan;  the  Hong-tfe,  and 
the  Kao-yeou,  of  the  province  of  Kiang-nan ; 
and  the  Poyang-hou,  formed  in  Kiang-(i  by 
the  confluence  of  four  confiderable  rivers, 
which,  like  the  fea,  is  fubjeO  to  tempefts 
and  ftorms.     This  lake  is  near  ;,oo  miles  in 
length.     Among  an  infinitude  of  great  and 
fmall  rivers  that  water  this  vaft  kingdom, 
there  are  two  particularly  celebrated.     The 
firll  istheYang-tfekiang,  orSonof  the  Sea: 
it  has  its  fource  in  the  province  or  Yun-nan, 
traverfes  thofeof  Hou-quang  and  Kiang-nan, 
and   after  having  watered  four  provinces, 
through  an  extent  of  1200  miles,  it  empties 
itfelf  into  the  Eallern  fea,  oppofite  the  ifle 
of  Tfong-ming, which  is  formed  by  the  land 
accumulated  at  its  mouth.     The  Chinefe  fay 
proverbially,,  the  l<;a  has  no  Ihore,  and  the 
Kiang  is  without  a  bottom.   The  other  great 
river  of  China  is  the  Hoang-ho,  or  Yellow 
river;    the  Chinefe  give  it  this   name,  be- 
caufe  the   clay  and  find  which  it  wafhes 
down,  efpecially  in  time  of  rain,  make  its 
water  appear  of  a  yellow  colour.     China  is 
fiid   to  coaiain  at  prefent   ioc,ccc,oco  or 
inhabitants,  out  of  which  ire  a3,ji6,48i 


c  II  r 


CHI 


w!io,  as  niaflers  of  famillc?,  ptiy  taxes.  The 
mandarins  are  not  included  in  tlie  number 
of  thofe  taxable.  The  principal  mandarins 
are  the  governors-general  of  provinces,  ii 
of  whom  have  the  title  oi  ifong-tou,  and  15 
that  of  hiun-fou.  Next  to  them  are  the 
treafurers-general,  in  number  19;  after  thefe 
come  the  iS  lieutenants-general  of  the  ti'i- 
bunal  of  crimes;  the  17  infpeding  judges, 
appointed  for  whatever  concerns  the  literati; 
and  113  travelling  commiflaries,  whole  bud- 
nefs  is  to  watch  over  the  conduft  of  the 
governors  of  cities.  All  thefe  grand  man- 
darins have  others  under  them,  diftinguilhed 
by  different  titles,  who  ad  as  their  counfel- 
lors,  and  aflifl:  them  in  the  adminiftration  of 
the  affairs  of  their  refpeftive  diil:riifts.  The 
treafurers-general  have  under  them  23  man- 
darins. The  lieutenants-general  of  the  tri- 
bunal of  crimes  have  40  a-liilants  for  general 
affairs;  18  who  vifit  prilons,  and  27  to  make 
informations  according  to  law.  The  tra- 
velling commiffaries  have  under  their  com- 
mand 1 1  mandarins,  who  are  obliged  to  lay 
before  them  the  ftate  of  the  different  public 
magazines  vv^hich  they  vifit.  The  whole 
num.ber  of  mandarins,  appointed  by  the 
emperor  for  the  adminiftrraion  oi  the  affairs 
of  all  the  provinces,  amounts  to  8,965  ;  but 
there  is  Hill  a  greater  number  of  inferior 
rank,  who  are  appointed  by  the  great  man- 
darins. The  literati  form  the  moll:  diftin- 
guilhed  part  of  the  Chinefe  nation.  Since 
the  dynafty  of  Han,  that  is  to  fay,  for  2000 
years  back,  they  have  cor.fbantly  held  the 
chief  rank  in  the  empire ;  and  it  is  always 
from  among  them  that  n^afters  are  chofen 
for  the  education  of  youth,  minifters  for  the 
adminiftration  of  public  affairs,  and  magis- 
trates for  judging  the  people  ;  in  a  word, 
the  literati  are,  in  fome  raeafure,  the  foul  of 
the  Chinefe  nation,  fines  it  is  from  them 
alone  that  it  receives  its  moral  exiftence, 
and  its  civil  and  political  being.  Since  learn- 
ing in  China  is  the  only  means  that  condufts 
to  honours,  it  is  nece.lary  that  thofe  who 
afpire  to  them  fnould  cultivate  letters;  and 
they  muffc  make  it  appear  that  they  have 
cultivated  them  with  fuccefs,  before  they 
can  obtain  any  civil  employment.  To  guard 
againft  impohtion  in  this  refpecl,  govern- 
ment has  iixed,  for  every  city  of  the  firft, 
fecond,  or  third  clafs,  tlie  number  of  literati 
who  can  be  legal  !v  promoted  every  year  to 
the  iirlt  degree  of  lifrature,  vvhich  is  that  oi 
Jtcou-ffa':,  and  which  anfwers  to  i  achelor  of 
arts  in  our  univerliiies.  Every  fieou-tfai  is 
accounted  noble,and  is  neverenrolled  among 
the  taxables.  There  are,  then,  in  China, 
24,700  individuals,  who  are  every  year  in- 
troduced to  the  firft  degree  of  literati ;  and 
we  may  fkfeJy  fuppofe  the  number  of  thofe 
admitted  before  to  be  at  leafl  twenty  times 
iis  great.  According  to  this  eflimation,  there 


are  alv/ays  in  China  494.030  literati,  wIjo 
have  taken  degrees,  and  who,  confequently, 
are  not  included  among  the  taxables.  Kcxt: 
to  the  literati  are  the  military,  who  alio  en- 
joy immunity,  and  are  not  comprehended 
among  the  taxables.  All  travellers  agree 
in  their  accounts  of  the  fertility  of  China, 
and  of  the  extent  and  beauty  of  its  plains, 
Neither  inclolures,  hedges,  nor  ditches,  are 
feen  in  them;  fcarcely  even  is  there  found 
a  lingle  tree:  fo  careful  is  the  Chinefe  hus- 
bandman not  to  lofe  the  fmalleft  portion  of 
his  land.  The  plains  of  the  northern  pro- 
vinces produce  wheat ;  thofe  of  the  fouth 
rice,  becaufe  the  country  is  low,  and  covered 
with  water.  The  land  in  feveral  provinces 
yields  tv/o  crops  in  a  year;  and  even  in  the 
inten-al  between  the  harvefts,  the  people  fow 
feveral  kinds  of  pulfe,  and  other  fmall  grain. 
What  prevents  famines  in  Europe  is  freedona 
of  commerce,  and  the  facility  with  v/hich 
one  country  may  be  fupplied  from  another: 
China  is  deftitute  of  this  advantage.  Placed 
by  itfelf  in  the  extremity  of  Aha,  and  fur- 
rounded  by  barbarous  nations,  it  muft  nou- 
riih  itfelf,  and  procure  from  its  own  foil 
whatever  is  neceflary  for  the  lubfiftcnce  of 
that  immenfe  number  of  inhabitants  which 
is  contained  in  its  provinces.  This,  there- 
fore, at  all  times,  has  been  the  grand  objedl 
of  the  care  of  the  public  minifters.  China 
has  always  had  granaries  and  magazines 
erc'iled  in  every  province,  and  in  moft  of  the 
principal  cities,  for  the  relief  of  the  people 
in  times  of  fcarcity.  One  great  caufe  of  the 
fcarcity  of  grain  in  China  is  the  prodigious 
confumption  v/hich  is  occafioned  daily  by 
the  compontion  of  wines,  and  of  a  fpirituous 
liquor  called  rack.  The  mountains  of  China 
are  fl>  numerous,  arrd  lituated  under  fo  vari- 
ous climates,  that  they  muft  contain  minerals 
of  every  fpecies.  There  are,  indeed,  found 
there  in  great  abundance  mines  of  gold, 
filver,  iron,  copper,  tin,  lead,  mercury,  mar- 
ble, cryftal,  cinnabar,  lapis-lazuh,  &c.  Gold 
and  lilver  would  be  much  more  common  in 
this  empire,  did  the  Chinefe  policy  permit 
the  mines  which  contain  thefe  metals  to 
be  opened ;  but  the  emperors  have  always 
feared,  that  if  the  people  fnould  be  expofed 
to  the  temptations  of  thefe  artificial  riches, 
thev  would  be  induced  to  for£dce  the  more 
ufcful  labours  of  agriculture.  Iron,  lead, 
and  tin  mines,  niuft  be  very  common,  lince 
thefe  metals  are  fold  at  a  low  rate  through- 
out the  whole  empire.  The  copper  mines 
of  the  provinces  of  Yunnan  and  Koei-tcheou 
have  furnilhed,  for  a  great  number  of  years, 
all  the  fmall  coin  that  is  ft;ruck  in  the  empire. 
Befides  common  copper,  the  Chinefe  have 
another  kind,  which  tliey  call  petotii^,  or' 
white  copper;  it  is  fo  pure  and  fine,  that  it 
approaches  near  to  filver.  Quarries  and  coat 
mines  arc  fo  abundant  in  every  province  uf 


CHI 

the  empire,  that  there  is  perhaps  no  country 
in  the  world  vvhcie  they  are  lb  common. 
Quarries  of  marble  are  very  common  in 
China,  efpecially  in  the  pronnceof  Fo-kicn. 
As  China  abounds  with  potters'  earth  of 
various  kinds  and  of  ail  colours,  Ibme  mixed 
with  gravel,  others  with  the  fineft  fand,  and 
Ibme  iingularly  formed  by  nature,  there  is 
confeqently  a  threat  difference  between  the 
earthen-wareof  one  province,  and  that  which 
is  made  in  another,  both  in  the  ihape  and 
fize  of  the  vafes.  In  fome  places  vafes  arc 
fornrfed.  which  are  four  or  iivc  feet  in  dia- 
meter, (>md  fometimcs  more,)  and  three  feet 
in  depth;  in  other?,  vcficls  are  manufaflured 
that  are  four  or  live  feet  in  height,  and  have 
a  proportionable circurafcrence.  Thefe  vafes, 
which  are  called  kan^r,  are  ufed  by  the  rich 
as  balins  for  holding  their  gold  iidi,  flowers, 
aquatic  plants,  &c. ;  by  the  middling  clafs 
of  people  as  refervoirs  for  their  water,  or 
for  containing  feeds,  pulfe,  and  fruits;  and 
by  tradefmen  and  merchants  as  tubs  or  ket- 
tles. China  produces  the  greater  part  of 
the  fruits  which  we  have  in  Europe,  and 
feveral  odier  kinds  that  are  peculiar  to  the 
country.  Apples,  pears,  prunes,  apricots, 
peaches,  quinces,  figs,  grapes,  pomegranates, 
oranges,  walnuts,  and  chelimts,  are  found 
every  wiiere  in  abundance;  but  the  Chincfe 
have  no  good  fpecies  of  cherries.  In  ge- 
neral, excepting  grapes  and  pomegranates, 
the  fruits  which  they  have,  in  common  with 
us,  are  much  inferior  to  thofe  of  Europe. 
Oranges  were  firft  brought  from  China;  and 
Europe  is  indebted  to  the  Portuguefe  for 
them.  The  tfc;-tfc,  which  the  Portuguefe 
call  figs,  are  a  ipecies  of  fruit  peculiar  to 
China,  that  grow  in  almofl:  all  the  provinces. 
There  are  different  kinds  of  them.  China, 
iti  its  vail;  extent,  contains  almofl  every  fpe- 
cies of  trees  that  are  known  to  us,  the  t?.llow 
tree,  the  wax  tree,  the  tli-chu  or  varnifli 
tree,  the  tie-ly-mou  or  iron-wood,  the  nan- 
mou  or  Chinefe  cedar,  the  tfe-tan  or  rofe- 
v/ood,  the  tchang  or  camphor  tree,  the 
fiang,  which  bears  a  fruit  uied  by  the  Chi- 
nefe dyers  as  a  llibftitute  for  the  gall-nut, 
the  lo-ya-fong,  a  kind  of  deciduous  pine, 
whofe  fap  is  poifonous:  thofe  who  are  em- 
ployed in  cui-ting  this  tree,  muft  take  sjreat 
care  that  no  drops  fpurt  out  on  the  ;icin  ; 
for  it  raifes  j^lifters  and  pimples,  which  can- 
not-eafily  be  cured  :  if  its  root,  which  is  of 
a  rcddifh  colour,  be  put  into  the  earth,  or 
water,  it  foon  petrifies;  it  is  then  uled  for 
fliarpening  the  iinefl  and  beft  tempered 
tools.  The  tchu-kou,  this  tree  is  fo  much 
the  more  valuable  to  the  Chinefe,  as  its  inner 
rind  furnillies  them  v/ith  ihe  greater  part  of 
the  paper  which  they  conlhme  :  when  its 
branches  are  broken,  the  bark  peels  ciP  in 
the  form  of  long  ribbons.  The  bambco,  the 
acacia,  the  tea  plant.    The  Chinele  dillin- 

O  0  a 


C  II  T 

guifh  feveral  kinds  of  tea,  which  may  hi. 
reduced  to  the  four  following:  the  fong-lo, 
the  vou-y,  the  lou-ngan,  and  the  pgu-cul. 
The  (iril  takes  its  name  from  the  mountain 
Song-Io,  fitualc  in  the  province  of  Kiang- 
nan,  under  30  degrees  of  north  latitude. 
This  rnountain  is  not  very  extcnlivc  ;  but 
it  is  entirelycmercdwith  thefe  Ihrubs,  which 
are  aifo  cultivated  at  the  bottoms  of  the 
neighbouring  mountains.  The  fong-lo  is 
the  lame  which  we  call  gre:n-tea.  It  is 
cultivated  almoft  like  vines,  and  is  cropped 
at  a  certain  height  to  prevent  it  from  grow- 
ing, jThis  flirub  mull  be  renewed  every  four 
or  live  years,  becaufe,  after  that  period,  its 
leaves  liarden  and  become  four.  The  llowcr 
which  it  bears  is  white,  and  fhaped  like  a 
fmall  role  compofed  of  five  leaves.  The 
fong-lo  may  be  kept  for  feveral  years,  and 
is  ufed  with  great  iuccefs  as  a  remedy  for 
various  diflenipers.  The  Chinefe  of  the 
province  of  Kiang-nan  are  the  only  people 
who  crop  the  tea  Hirub;  for  every  where 
elfe  it  is  fufrered  to  grow  to  it  natural  fize, 
which  Ibmetimes  extends  to  ten  or  twelve 
feet.  When  the  tree  is  very  young,  they 
take  care  alio  to  incline  and  bend  down  its 
branches,  that  they  may  collcs^t  its  leaves 
afterwards  with  greater  eafe.  This  Ihrub 
grows  often  on  the  rugged  backs  of  fleep 
mountains,  accefs  to  v/hich  is  dangerous,  and 
fometimes  impracticable.  The  vou-y,  which 
is  known  in  Europe  by  the  name  of  bohea, 
grows  in  the  province  of  Fokien,  and  takes 
its  name  alfo  from  a  mountain  called  Von-yy 
fituate  in  the  di{lri(5t  of  Kien-ning-fou.  The 
vou-y  is  the  tea  moll  eiteemed  univerfally 
throughout  the  empire  :  it  differs  from  the 
fong-lo  in  the  form  and  colour  of  its  leaves, 
which  are  fliorter,  rounder,  and  blacker,  and 
which  communicate  a  ycllov/  colour  to  water, 
without  any  harlhnefs.  From  thefe  two  fiift 
kinds  of  tea,  three  others  are  compoled,  the 
difference  of  which  reAiIts  from  the  choice 
of  the  leaves,  and  the  time  when  they  are 
gathered.  That  which  contains  only  the 
frefli  and  tender  leaves  of  youi:^  trc^s,  is 
called  mao,  or  imperial  tea  :  this  is  the  moft 
delicate,  and  is  that  which  is  tranfported  to 
court  for  the  ufe  of  the  emperor.  The  fe- 
cond  fort  is  compof-d  of  older  leaves  :  it  is 
what  is  fold  under  the  name  of  good  vou-y. 
The  refl  of  the  leaves,  that  are  luffcred  to 
remain  on  the  tree  until  they  grow  larger, 
form  the  third  kind,  v.  hich  is  fold  to  the 
conmicn  people  at  a  very  cheap  rate.  The 
flowers  of  tiiis  flirub  alfo  furnilh  another 
kind  of  tea;  but  thafe  who  are  dcfirous  ot" 
procuring  it  mufl  befjieak  it,  and  pay  an 
exorbitant  price  tor  it.  The  lou-ngan,  which 
is  the  third  kind  of  tea  bcfore-mectioued, 
grows  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  city  of 
Lou-ngan-tcheou  :  it  differs  in  nothing  from 
the  ibr.g-lo,  either  in  the  conijguraticn  of 


C  H  I 


C  II  I 


Its  I'ijves,  or  the  raanner  in  which  it  is  culti- 
vated, but  it  has  none  of  its  noxious  qualities. 
The  fourth  kind  is  procured  from  a  village 
named  Poti-eui,  fituated  in  the  province  of 
Yunnan,  on  the  frontiers  of  the  kingdoms 
of  Pegu,  Ava,  Laos,  and  Tonquin.  This 
village  is  become  confiderable  by  its  com- 
merce: people  refort  to  it  from  all  parts; 
but  the  entrance  of  it  is  forbidden  to  ftran- 
gers,  v/ho  are  permitted  to  approach  no 
nearer  than  the  bottoms  of  the  mountainsj  to 
receive  the  quantity  of  tea  which  they  want. 
The  trees  tlrat  produce  this  tea  are  tall  and 
bufhy ;  they  are  planted  irregularly,,  and 
grow  without  any  cultivation-.  Thei^leaves 
are  longer  and  thicker  than  thofe  of  the 
fong-lo\nd  vou-y;  they  are  rolled  up  in 
the  fiime  manner  as  tobacco,  and  formed 
i-nto  mafles,  which  are  fold  at  a  dear  rate. 
This  kind  of  tea  is  much  ufed  in  the  pro- 
vinces of  Yunnan  and  Koei-tcheou.  When 
the  tea  leaves  have  been  collecfed,  they  are 
expofed  to  the  fteam  of  boiling  water,  after 
which  they  are  put  upon  plates  of  copper, 
and  held  over  the  fire  until  they  become  dry 
and  ihrivelled,  and  appear  iuch  as  we  have 
^hem  in  Europe.  The  cotton  tree  (cotton 
forms  one  of  the  moll  confiderable  branches 
of  the  commerce  of  China)  is  cultivated  with 
fuccefs  in  the  fouthern  provinces.  Among 
the  medicina'  plants  are  rhubarb,  cafiia,  and 
ginfeng.  The  tai-hoang,  or  rhubarb,  grows 
in  feveral  provinces  (jf  the  empire,  but  the 
beftis  thatof  Se-tchuen,  which  isconfsdered 
as  much  fuperior  to  thatof  Ghen-fi  or  Thibet. 
The  ftem  of  rhubarb  refembles  a  fmall  bam- 
boo, or  Chinefe  cane  ;  it  is  hollov/,  and  ex- 
ceedingly brittle ;  it  rifes  to  the  height  of 
three  or  four  feet,  and  is  of  a  dufky  violet 
colour.  The  flowers  of  this  plant  are  yel- 
low, and  fometinies  violet,  and  the  feed  of 
the  lize  of  a  grain  of  niillet.  The  mofb 
efteemed  and  valuable  of  all  the  plants  is 
^in~fe?iSi  which  the  Mantchew  Tartars  call 
'orhotc!,^th'i  queen  of  plants.  The  Chinefe 
phyficians  alvvays  (peak  of  it  with  a  kind  of 
enthuliafm,  and  enumen-tc  without  end  the 
wonderful  properties  which  they  afcribe  to 
it.  The  mountains  and  vaft  forclls  of  China 
abouiKi  v/ith  wild  animals  of  every  fpecies  ; 
fucli  as  the  rhinoceros,  elephants,  leopards, 
tygsrs,  bears,  wolves,  foxes,  bufFalces,  ca- 
mels, horfes,  wild  mules,  &c.  Some  bea- 
vers, fables,  and  ermines,  are  found  in  the 
northern  provinces;  but  the  fliins  which 
they  furnilli  are  much  inferior  to  thofe  pro- 
cured from  Sibeiia.  Game  is  very  common 
in  Chin;i.  The  Iquares  of  Peking,  during 
v/intcr,  are  filled  with  different  heaps  of  va- 
rious kinds  of  volatile,  terrelTrial,  and  aquatic 
animals,  hardened  by  cold_,  and  perfecliy  fe- 
luie  againft  all  corruption.  Prodigious 
qii.miiucs  of  flags,  deer,  wild  boars,  goats, 
elks,  hares,  rabits,  cats,  fquirrels,  and  wild 


rats ;  g^'c.^e,  ducks,  partridges,  pheafants, 
and  quails,  are  feen  there,  together  with  fe- 
veral other  kinds  of  game,  that  are  not  to  be 
found  in  Europe.  A  kind  of  tyger  is  feen  in 
China,  which  has  a  body  like  a  dog,  but  no 
tail,  remarkably  fwift  and  ferocious.  Camels, 
both  wild  and  domeilic,  are  found  in  ths 
north-eall  parts  of  China.  There  are  feveral 
fpecies  of  apes  in  China.  Thofe  named 
Jhi'fin  differ  from  the  reft  in  their  fize,  which 
is  equal  to  that  of  an  ordinary  man.  They 
walk  with  facility  on  their  hind  legs,  and  all 
their  a(5fions  have  a  fingular  conformity  to 
ours.  The  moil  beautiful  quadruped  of 
China  is  a  ftag,  which  is  never  larger  or 
fmaller  than  one  of  our  rniddle-fized  dogs ; 
the  princes  and  mandarins  buy  them  at  an 
exceffive  price,  and  keep  them  as  curiofities 
in  their  gardens.  China  polfefTes  a  valuable 
animal,  which  is  not  to  be  found  any  where 
elfe:  it  is  the  hiang-tchang-tfe,  ormufk-deer. 
This  animal  is  very  common,  and  is  m.et 
with,  not  OTily  in  the  fouthern  provinces,  but 
alfo  in  thole  which  are  to  the  v/efl  of  Pe- 
king: it  has  no  horns;  and  the  colour  of  its 
hair  approaches  near  to  black.  The  bag 
which  contains  its  muf]<;  is  formed  of  a  very 
thia  membrane,  covered  with  a  kind  of  hair, 
exceeding  fine  and  foft.  The  flefli  of  this 
deer  is  well-tafted,  and  is  ferved  up  at  the 
moft  delicate  tables. — China  has  birds  of 
every  fpecies;  eagles,  falcons,  pelicans,  birds 
of  paradift:,  fwans,  llorks,  and  paroquets, 
which  are  inferior  to  thofe  of  the  Weft  Indies 
neither  in  the  variety  nor  beauty  of  their 
pli'mage,  nor  in  the  facility  with  which  they 
hrrn  to  fpeak.  But  the  x\\oi\  beautiful  bird 
of  China,  and  perhaps  of  the  whole  world, 
is  the  kin-ki,  or  golden  phealVint.  The  body 
of  this  bird  is  proportioned  with  wonderful 
elegance;  and  the  brilliancy  of  its  plumage 
feems  to  be  the  utmoft  effort  of  the  pencil  of 
nature  ;  nothing  can  be  richer  or  more  va- 
riegated than  its  colours;  the  fffides  of  its 
wings  and  tail  are  a  mixture  of  bright  red 
and  yellow,  and  a  beautiful  p'ume  waves 
over  its  head  :  the  fiefh  of  this  bird  is  more 
delicate  than  that  of  our  pheafant.  The 
fmall  domeftic  fifli  which  the  Chinefe  call 
kin-yu,  or  gold  iilT),  are  generally  kept  for 
ornament  by  great  people  in  their  courts  and 
gardens,  and  have  of  late  years  been  brought 
to  Europe. — The  filk  iniei5fs,  which  are  dif- 
ferent from  filk-worms,  refemblc  caterpiiJars, 
and  are  found  in  great  numbers  on  the  trees  and 
in  the  fields  of  the  province  of  Chang-tong : 
they  propagate  withou  tcare,  and  feed  in- 
difcrimlnately  on  the  leaves  of  the  mulberry, 
and  on  thofe  of  other  trees;  theyipin  their 
(ilk  in  filaments  and  long  threads,  whicii, 
being  carried  away  by  the  wind,  arc  caught 
by  the  trees  and  bufhes  that  grow  in  the 
fields.  The  Chinefe  collc'^l  thefe  threads* 
and  make  a  kind  of  Huff  of  them,  called 


CHI 

iclen-tcheou,  wliich  is  much  inferior  in  luftrc 
to  thofe  maniifcuiturcd  of  common  filk;  but 
it  is,  however,  much  efteenied  in  China,  and 
IbM  there  fometimes  for  more  than  the  richeft 
fatin. — No  potentate  on  earth  pdliirrcs  fo 
unhmited  power  as  the  fovcreign  of  this  nu- 
raerous  nation.  All  authority  is  vefted  in 
him,  and  in  him  alone.  He  is  the  undifputed 
mafter  of  the  lives  of  his  fi.bje^b  ;  yet  l:e  fel- 
dom  employs  this  prerogative  butto  provide 
for  their  iafety,  and  promote  their  happineJs. 
No  fentence  of  death  pronounced  by  any  of 
the  tribunals  can  be  executed  witho\it  his 
confent.  The  emperor  alone  has  the  difpo- 
fal  of  all  the  offices  of  ilate ;  he  appoints 
viceroys  and  governors,  and  changes  or  re- 
moves them  at  plcafure.  No  employment  is 
purclialed  in  China ;  merit,  for  the  mull:  part, 
raifes  to  place;  and  rank  is  attached  to  place 
only.  The  emperor  of  China  has  the  right 
of'choofing  a  fucceffor  either  among  his  chil- 
dren or  tlie  lell  of  his  family,  and  even  from 
among  his  own  fubjeds.  The  dignity  of 
prince  of  the  blood  is  generally  re;  crenced 
in  China;  yet  it  is  in  the  emperor's  power  to 
prevent  thofe  from  alfuming  that  title  who 
have  a  natural  right  to  it,  and  even  if  they 
are  permitted  to  eijoy  their  rank,  they  liave 
neither  iniiuence  nor  power;  they  pcffefs,  it 
is  true,  a  revenue  proportioned  to  their  dig- 
nity; they  are  inQuf:;^ed  with  a  palace,  of- 
ficers, and  court;  but  they  have  lefs  autho- 
rity than  tiie  lowell:  .of  the  niandarins.  The 
mandarins,  whether  of  letters  or  of  arms, 
compofe  exactly  v^hat  is  call-d  the  nobility- 
There  are  only  two  ranks  in  China,  the  no- 
bility and  the  people  ;  but  the  former  is  not 
hereditary,  the  emperor  alone  confers  or 
continues  it.  Thefe  mandarins  enjoy  a  very 
valuable  privilege:  they  may,  in  c;ifes  of  ne- 
ceflity,  remonftrate  with  the  emperor,  either 
individually  or  as  a  body,  upon  any  aiSion 
or  omhTion  on  his  part,  v/nich  may  be  con- 
trary to  the  intereits  of  the  empire:  their 
rem.onllrances  are  feldom  ill  received  by  the 
foyereign ;  but  he  referves  to  himfelt  the 
rigtt  e-i:  paying  that  attention  to  them  which 
he  thinks  they  deferve.  The  literati  arc 
highly  honoured  in  Cliina;  and  to  their  in- 
fluence we  may,  in  a  great  nieafare,  aicvibe 
the  mildnefs  and  equity  of  the  Cliinele  go- 
vernment. A  mandarin  of  arms  is  far  from 
enjoying  the  fame  conlideration  as  a  man- 
darin pt  letters.  The  troops  of  this  empire 
amount  to  more  than  feven  hundred  thou- 
fand.  With  regard  to  the  frontiers  of  this 
valt  empire,  Nauire  herfelf  hath  taken  care 
to  fortify  them  throughout  their  whole  ex- 
tent. The  fea  borders  (ix  of  the  provinces; 
but  it  is  fo  (hallow  towards  the  fhore,  that 
large  velfels  cann...t approach  it.  Inaccernblc 
mountains  cover  it  on  t!ie  v.ell:,  and  the  re- 
maining part  is  defended  by  tlie  great  wall. 
This  ftupjiidous  nuniimeat  ol  human  art 


C  II  I 

and  induftry  exceeds  every  thing  that  we 
read  of  in  ancient  hiftory.  The  pyramids 
^^  rigyP'.  ;-'"c  little,  when  compared  with  a 
wall  which  covers  three  large  provinces, 
flretches  along  an  txtent  of  1500  miles,  and 
is  of  fuch  an  enormous  thicknefs,  that  lix 
horfcmen  may  calily  ride  abreaft  upon  it. 
Such  is  this  cels-bratod  wall,  which  is,  in- 
deed, the  only  work  of  its  kind  in  the 
world.  It  is  Hanked  with  towers,  twobow- 
fiiots  dif^ant  one  from  the  other,  wliich  add 
to  its  ftiengih,  and  render  it  much  Cilier  to 
be  defended.  One  third  part  of  the  iible- 
bodied  men  of  China  were  employed  incon- 
ftrue^ing  this  wall.  The  workmen  were 
ordered,  under  pain  of  death,  to  place  the 
materials  of  which  it  is  conjpofed  io  clofely, 
that  tlie  leall  entrance  might  not  be  left  for 
any  ir.flrumcnt  of  iron.  This  precaution 
contributed  much  to  the  fulidity  of  the  work, 
which  is  ftiil  almoll:  entire,  thougli  built 
2CCO  years  ago.  It  was  planned  and  ex- 
ecuted by  the  (irft  emperor  of  the  family  of 
Tfin. — The  principal  I'ccrct  of  the  Chinefe 
government  is,  that  the  different  depart- 
ments be  properly  infpcifted ;  that  every 
tranfaiftion  be  thoroughly  inveftigated  ;  that 
fuitable  rewards  be  given  to  the  delerving, 
and  that  punillimenis  be  inflicted  on  the 
guihy  adequate  to  their  crimes.  An  olficer 
or  magiftrate  is  appointed  for  each  quarter 
of  a  city,  who  has  a  certain  number  of  hcufes 
under  his  infpection  ;  he  is  anfwerable  for 
every  thing  that  paffes  in  them  contiary  to 
good  orde/ ;  and  if  he  neglee'l  to  make  pro- 
per enquiry  into  any  irregularity,  or  to  in- 
form the  mandarin  governor,  he  is  fuhjeded 
to  tlie  fame  punifliment  as  thofe  who  are  re- 
frat^ory.  Every  father  of  a  fiimily  is  an  in- 
fpeflor  of  a  different  kind  ;  each  is  obliged 
to  anfv/er  for  the  condu^5l  of  his  childrca 
and  domeftics,  and  for  this  realbn,  b-:caufe 
he  has  every  kind  of  authority  over  them. 
Strict  watch  is  kept  in  the  day  time  at  every 
city  to  obferve  thofe  who  enter:  tor  this 
purpofe  a  fliong  guard  is  pofted  at  each 
gate;  the  air,  looks,  and  phyfiognomy,  of 
the  paffengers  are  carefully  examined ;  it, 
on  being  queftionod,  their  accent  betray 
them,  and  difcover  them  to  be  ftrangers, 
they  are  immediately  carried  before  a  man- 
darin ;  they  are  even  often  deuiined  until  the 
will  of  the  governor  be  known.  This  pre- 
caution is  founded  on  an  ancient  maxim  of 
the  Chinefe  not  to  admit  Itrangcrs  a.v.ong 
them.  They  fuppofe,  that  in  priccfs  of 
time,  an  aheiation  of  manners,  cuHoms,  and 
ceremonies,  might  rcfult  from  fuch  an  inter- 
c  )U!-fe,  and  give  birth  to  quarrcL,  party 
diiputes,  and  ("edition,  ,ar.d  at  length  over- 
turn the  conilit'jtion.  The  gre.itei  part  ( t 
the  taxes  are  paid  in  commudities.  Thole 
who  b;eed  lilk-wcrms  pay  their  taxes  in  lilk, 
ttiti  hulbandman  in  grain,  and  tlie  gardeocrs 


C  H  I 

in  fi-nits,  &c.  The  taxes  paid  in  money 
arife  principally  from  the  cufloms,  and  from 
the  faie  of  fait,  which  belongs  entirely  to  the 
emperor;  from  the  duties  paid  by  vefTcls  on 
entering  any  of  the  ports,  and  from  other 
impofts  on  various  branches  of  manufafture. 
Thefe  excepted,  the  trader  fcarcely  contri- 
butes any  thing  towards  the  exigencies  of 
tlie  ftate,  and  the  mechanic  nothing  at  all. 
The  weight  of  the  permanent  and  perfonal 
taxes  falls  entirely  on  the  hufbandman.  The 
emperor's  revenue  amounts  to  more  than 
forty  millions  fterling.  Agriculture  is  the 
principal  and  almoll  the  only  refource  of  the 
Chinefe,  and  they  confider  it  as  the  firil  and 
moft  honourable  of  all  profeflions,  as  it  is 
that  from  which  fociety  derives  the  greateft 
benefit.  The  hufbandman  in  China  enjoys 
many  and  great  privileges,  while  the  mer- 
chant and  mechanic  are  much  Icfs  efleemed. 
— Father  Amiot,  an  impartial  and  able  judge 
of  the  literature,  hiftory,  and  ancient  monu- 
ments of  China,  gives,  in  the  follovving 
words,  the  relult  of  his  long  and  laborious 
relearchesrefpeftingthe  origin  of  the  Chinefe, 
andof  tlieirprimidve  religion:— The  Chinefe 
are  a  diftinft  people,  who  have  ftill  preserved 
tlie  charafterillic  marks  of  their  firft  origin  ; 
a  people  whole  primitive  doctrine  will  be 
found,  by  thofe  who  take  the  trouble  of  ex- 
amining it  thoroughly,  to  agree  in  its  ellen- 
tial  parts  with  the  doctrine  of  the  chofen 
people,  before  Mofes,  by  the  command_  of 
God  himfelf,  had  configned  the  explanation 
of  it  to  the  facred  records ;  a  people,  in  a 
v/ord.  v/hofe  traditional  knowledge,  when 
freed  from  whatever  the  ignorance  or  fuper- 
ftition  of  latter  ages  has  added  to  it,  may  be 
traced  back  from  age  to  age,  and  from 
epocha  toepocha,  without  interruption,  for 
the  fpace  of  4000  years,  even  to  the  renevv'al. 
of  the  human  race  by  the  grandfon  of  Noah. 
— The  law  has  regulated  every  thing  that 
relates  to  drefs,  and  even  fixed  the  colours 
that  diftinguifh  the  ditferent  conditions. 
The  emperor,  and  princes  of  the  blood, 
have  alone  a  right  to  wear  yellow;  certain 
mandarins  are  intitled  to  wear  fatin  of  a  red 
ground,  but  only  upon  days  of  ceremony  ; 
in  genera!  they  are  clothed  in  black,  blue, 
or  violet.  The  colour  to  which  the  com- 
mon people  are  confined  is  blue  or  black  ; 
and  their  drefs  is  always  compofed  of  plain 
cotton  cloth.  White  is  the  colour  for  mourn- 
ing among  the  Chinefe.  A  fon  has  no  right 
to  wear  it  while  his  father  and  mother  are 
alive;  but  he  can  wear  no  other  for  three 
.years  after  their  death;  and  even  when  this 
triennial  mourning  is  ended,  his  clothes  ever 
after  mull  be  one  colour. — Fifhing  is  con- 
fidered  by  the  Chinefe  rather  as  an  objeci  of 
commerce  and  indulfry  than  amufement. 
They  catch  fifh  by  various  methods :  in  their 
great  fillieries  they  ule  nets ;  but  private  peo- 


C  H  I 

pleemploy  a  line.  They  ufe  alfo  for  this  pur-» 
pofe,  in  certain  provinces,  a  kind  of  bird,  the 
plumage  of  which  greatly  refembles  that  of 
a  raven ;  but  its  neck  and  bill  are  much  longer : 
the  latter  is  very  fiiarp  and  hooked.  This 
bird  is  trained  to  catch  fifli,  almoit  in  the 
fame  manner  as  dogs  are  taught  to  purfue 
game.  This  method  of  fifliing  is  pradifed 
in  boats,  great  numbers  of  v;hich  may  be 
feen  on  the  river  about  fun  riling,  with  the 
fifliing  birds  perched  on  their  prows.  The 
fifliermen  make  feveral  turns  with  their  boats; 
after  which  they  beat  the  water  very  ftrongly 
with  one  of  their  oars.  The  cormorants  (for 
this  feems  to  be  the  name  proper  for  thife 
birds)  upon  this  fignal  immediately  difperfe 
themfelves,  plunge  into  the  river,  and  diving, 
feize  by  the  middle  whatever  nflt  they  can  ; 
they  then  rife  to  the  furface,  and  each  car- 
ries its  capture  to  the  boat  to  which  it  belongs. 
The  fiilierman  receives  the  fifli,  lays  hold  of 
the  bird,  turns  its  head  downwards,  and 
ftroking  his  neck  with  his  hand,  makes  it 
difgorge  all  thofe  fmall  fifli  it  has  fwallowed, 
and  which  are  prevented  from  getting  into 
its  ftomach  by  a  ring  placed  on  purpofe  to 
confine  its  gullet.  When  they  have  done 
filhing,  the  ring  is  taken  off,  and  they  are 
then  iuifered  to  feed.  It  is  very  remarkable, 
that,  if  any  one  of  the  fifli  are  too  large,  thefe 
birds  mutually  aflifi:  one  another  ;  one  takes 
it  by  the  tail,  another  by  the  head,  and  in  this 
manner  they  tranfport  it  to  their  mafler. — 
The  internal  commerce  of  China  is  imnienfe  ; 
that  of  all  Europe  is  by  no  means  to  be  com- 
pared to  it ;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  its  fo- 
reign trade  is  much  inferior  to  that  of  any 
of  the  grand  commercial  powers  of  Europe. 
The  great  number  of  canals  and  rivers  by 
which  China  is  interfe(5fed,  tend  greatly  to 
facilitate  the  conveyance  of  every  kind  of 
merchandize,  and  its  prodigious  population 
occafions  a  rapid  fale.  The  moft  frequented 
fairs  of  Europe  afford  but  a  faint  piilure  of 
that  immenfe  number  of  buyers  and  fellers, 
with  which  the  large  cities  of  China  are  con- 
tinually crowded.  We  may  almoll:  liiy,  that 
the  one  half  are  employed  in  over-reaching 
the  other.  It  is,  above  all,  againft  flrangers, 
that  the  Chinefe  merchants  exercife,  without 
anylenfe  of  fhame,  their  infatiable  rapacity. 
The  Chinefe  are  not  at  all  fitted  for  maritime 
commerce  ;  feldom  do  any  of  their  veflels 
ever  go  beyond  the  Straits  of  Sunda;  their 
longcit  voyages  towards  Malacca  extend 
only  to  Acheen;  towards  the  Straits,  as  far 
asBatavia;  and  northward,  as  far  as  Japan. 
Their  commerce  with  this  ifland,  confider- 
ing  the  articles  of  exchange  which  they  pro- 
cure at  Cambodia,  or  at  Siam,  produces  them 
cent,  per  cent.  Their  trade  with  the  Manillas 
is  much  lefs  profitable ;  their  gain,  generally, 
is  about  fifty  per  cent.  It  is  rather  more 
confidcrable  at  Bataviaj  and  the  Dutch,  bi- 


C  IJ  I 

lidcs,  fpare  no  p,iins  to  invite  the  Chincfo 
among  them.     Chinefe  traders  go  ah'b,  but 
lefs  frequently,  to  Aclieen,  Malacca,  Patan, 
Ligor    belonging    to    Siam,    and    Cochin- 
china.     From  thcfc  places  they  bring  gold 
and  tin,  bat  efpecially  objcfls  of  luxury  for 
the  table,  and  fome  other  more  neceilru-y 
articles. — China  appears  to  have  been  the 
natural  and  original  country  of  the  (ilk-worm. 
The  art  of  hatching  and  breeding  {ilk-worm^;, 
and  of  employing  the  down  which  they  fur- 
nifh,  in  fabricating  cloth,  has  been  known  in 
that  empire   from  the  remoteft   antiquity ; 
this  care  formed  the  occupation  of  tlie  firft 
cmprcfles,  who,  furroundod  by  their  women, 
fpent  their  leifure  hours  in  weaving  tilllies, 
and  filk  vei!>,  wliich  were  referved  for  flicri- 
fices,  and  days  of  grand  ceremony.     The 
culture  of  the  mulberry-tree,  and  the  manu- 
faeturing  of  filk,  have  been  greatly  extended 
in  China:  this  production,  indeed,  appears 
to  be   almoit  inexhauftible;  bvfides  tlie  im- 
menfc  quantity  which  is  annurJly  exported 
by  the  greater  part  of  the  Afiatic  and  Euro- 
pean nations,  the  internal  confumption  alone 
is  aftcnifliing.     The  emperor,  the  princes, 
the  mandarins,  the  literati,  women,  iervants 
of  both  fexes,  and  in  a  word,  all  thofe  who 
pofTefs  a  moderate  income,  wear  no  clothes 
buttaflPety,  fatin,  and  other  filk  ftuff's.     None 
but  the  lower  fort  of  people  ufe   drelTes   of 
cotton  cloth j  which  is  dyed  blue.     The  prin- 
cipal filk  ItufFs  manufadured  by  the  Chinefe 
jire  plain  and  flowered  gauzes,  of  which  they 
make  dreiTes  for  fummer;   damafic  of  all  co- 
lours;  ftripcd   and   black   fatins;    napped, 
lowered,  Itriped,  clouded,  and  pink;;d  taf- 
feties;    crapes,    brocades,    plufh,    dirfcrcnt 
Icinds  of  velvet,  and  a  multitude  of  other 
ituffs,   the  names  of  which  are  unknown  in 
Europe. — Porcelain    is   another    object    of 
Chinefe  induftry,  and  a  branch  of  connnerce 
which  employs  a  vaft  multitude  of  workmen. 
The  fmeft  and   bell  porcelain  of  China  is 
made  in  a  village,  called  King-te-tching,  in 
the  province  cf  Kiang-fi.     This  celebrated 
village  is  a  league  and  a  half  in  length,  and 
v.'e  are  afibred  that  it  contains  a  million  of 
inhabitants.      The    workmen    of    King-te- 
tching,  invited  by  the  attra(5ting  allurements 
of  the  European  trade,  have  cfiabhfhed  n-.a- 
rufatffures  alfo  in  the  provinces  of  Fo-kien 
and  Canton :  btit  this  porcelain  isnotefleemed. 
The  emperor  Kang-hi  v/as  defirous  of  hav- 
ing fome  made  under  his  own  infpe^'Hon  at 
Peking.     Fortliis  purpofe  he  colletfied  work- 
men, together  with  tools,  and  all  materials 
neceffary  ;  furnaces  were  alio  erected  ;   but 
the   attempt   mifcarricd.       The   village   of 
King-te-ching  flill  continues  the  moll  cele- 
brated place  m  the  empire  for  beautiful  por- 
celain,  which  is  tranfjiorted  to  all  parts  of 
the  world,  and  eventu  Japan.— Almofl all :he 
houfes    and   buildings   of  Ch.ua   are  cv  a- 


C  H  I 

ftru.^ed  of  wood.     This  i.-;  not  o\virp;  to  a 
fcarcity  of  ilono  or  marble,  tor  the  yi  eater 
part  of  the  provinces  are  fufhcicntly  abun- 
dant in  both,  and  feveral  cities  are  paved 
with  marble  of  all  colours ;  neither  is  it  to  be 
attributed  to  the  difficulty  of  tranfporting 
them.     All^  the  cmper..i's  gardens  ate  inter- 
fpcrlcd  with  enormous  artificial  rocks  ;  t!-,c 
foundations  of  alt  his  palaces  confift  of  im- 
menfe  blocks  both  oi'  mar[)!e  and  alabafler; 
andthc  ftcp?  of  all  the  flair:-,  however  high 
or  broad  they  may  be,  are  of  one  (ingle  piece. 
Beddes  the  dread  of  earthquakes,  there  are 
other  reafons   wliich   prevent   the   Chinefe 
from  building  with  flone  or  marble  ;  the  heat 
and  dampnefs  of  the  (i'uthern  provinces,  and 
the  fcvere  cold  in  thofe  of  tlie  north,  woulcl 
render  fuch  houfes  unwholefome,  andalmoft 
uninhabitable. — The   naval    archite(5ture   of 
the  Chinefe  appears  to  have  made  no  pro- 
grefs  for  feveral  centuries  ;  neither  their  fre- 
quent intercourfe  with  thofe  Europeans  who 
have  vihtcd  their  coafls,  nor   the  fight  of 
their   veflels,    has    made   them    turn   their 
thoughts  to  change  or  improve  their  own. 
The  vei'Icls,  which  they  name  Tchowen,  are 
called  by  the  Portugueze  Soma  orSommcs: 
tlie  largeft   o£  them  are  not  above  zjc  or 
300  tons  burthen,  and  their  length  never 
exceeds  eighty  or  ninety  feet ;  they  are, 
properly  fpe.iking,  only  flat  boats  with  two 
mails. — Sir  Gecjrge  Staunton   fets  down  the 
population  of  China  Proper,   without  inclu- 
ding Chinefe  Tartary,  at  the  immenf;  number 
^'*^  33."?, 000, 000   of  inhabitants. — Moni".  La 
Peroufe  fiiys  the  guvernmcnt  of  China  is 
perhaps  the  moft  unjuit  and  opprefTive,  at 
the  fame  time  the  mofl  cowardly,  th  a  at  this 
moment  exifts  in  the  world.     The  Chinefe 
carry  on  a  conmierce  with  the  Europe  ms, 
which  amoun's  to  fifty  millions,  (ofhvrcs,) 
two  fifths  of  which  are  paid  in  filver,  the  reft 
in  Engiiflt  cloth,  Batavian  or  Malacca  tin,  in 
cotton    from   Surat  and  Bengal,   in   opium 
from  Padan,    in   fandal  wood  and  pepper 
from  the  coaft  of  ?\Ialabar.     Some  articles  of 
luxury  are   alio   carried  from    Europe,   as 
iooking-glaiies    of  the  largeft   dimenfions, 
Geneva  watches,  coral,  fine  pearls ;  but  it  is 
fcarcely  worth  while  to   reckon  tlicfe  iafl 
articles,  as  they  cannot  be  l^dd  to  any  ad- 
vantage but  in   very  fraall  quantities.     In 
exchange   for  all   thefe  riches,  nothing   is 
carried  away  but  black  or  green  tea,  wtth 
fome  chefl';  of  raw  filk  for  the  European 
manufactures ;  for  I  reckon  as  noth.ir.g  the 
China-ware,  Vv'ith  which   ihey  ballaft  their 
fhips,  and  the  tilksfrom  which  they  fcarcely 
derive  any  proiit.      There  certainly  is  not 
any  nation  in  the  world,   th;it  carries  on  fo 
advantageous  a  commerce   with  ffrangcrs, 
ncverthc!cfs  there  is  not  one  that  impofcs 
fuch  hard  conditions,  and  that  with  greater 
impudence  multiplies  rcilraints  and  vcxa- 


CHI 


C  H  I 


tlons  of  every  kind;  there  is  not  a  (ingle  cup 
of  tea  drank  in  Europe,  which  has  not  been 
the  caufe  of  an  humiliation  to  thofe  who 
purchafed  it  at  Canton,  and  who  have  em- 
barked and  failed  over  half  the  globe  to 
bring  this  leaf  into  the  markets  of  Europe. 
Chhiahiikeer,  a  town  of  Pegu,  on  an  ifland 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Ava,  which  gives  name 
to  one  of  the  branches  of  the  river.  50 
miles  SW.  Sirion.  Long.  96.  15.  E.  Lat. 
16.  20.  N. 

Ck'nmcota,  a  town  of  New  Grenada.  20 
miles  N.  Pamplona. 

Chinampet,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     30  miles  N.Bomrauzepollam. 

Chinampet,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     11  miles  S.  Madura. 

Ckiuapa,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  New 
Navarre.  150  miles  ESE.  Calk  Grande. 
Ckinapatam,  fee  Madras = 
Cklnca,  a  valley  of  Peru,  where  the  an- 
cient incas  had  formerly  built  a  temple,  de- 
dicated to  the  fun.  It  once  contained  25  ,cco 
inhabitants,  now  reduced  to  about  500  fa- 
milies ;  the  town,  which  gives  name  to  a 
valley,  lies  13  miles  N.  Pifco. 

Chinckacocha,  w  town  of  Peru,  and  capital 
of  a  jurifdicftipn  in  the  audience  of  Lima. 
70  miles  NE.  Lima. 

Chinchatich'i,  a  town  of  Mexico,   in  the 
province  of  Yucatan.     10  miles  N.  Merida. 
C'nnckelly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan, in Berar. 
40  miles  ESE.  Aurungabad. 

Cblnchcani^  a  town  of  Plindooflan,  in 
Myfore.     40  miles  E.Baddammy. 

Chinch'iila,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia, 
77  miles  Sy/.  Valencia,  58  NNW.  P/Iurcia. 
Long.  1.52.  W.  Lat.  38.  48.  N. 

Ghlnck'iOy  a  tov/n  of  Dalmatia.  6  miles 
E.  Spalatro. 

Chinchorra,  or  Northern  Triangles,  a  reef 
of  rocks  in  the  bay  of  Honduras.  Long. 
87.  50,  AV.  Z,^/.  18.  50.  N. 

Chinchoulee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Dovs-Iatabad.     15  miles  S.  Renapour. 

Chinchura,  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
S3  W.  Dinagepour. 

Chincon,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caftile. 
18  miles  ESE.  Madrid. 

CN/idaponr,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.     28  miles  NE.  Kairabad. 

Chine,  La,  a  town  of  Lov,-er  Canada,  at 
tl:2  eaftern  extremity  of  Like  St.  Louis, 
■'where  there  are  fome  confiderable  ftore- 
houfes  belonging  to  government,  and  to 
merchants  of  Montreal. 

Chincy,  or  Ciney,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department,  of  the  Sambre  and  Meufe. 
ioniilcsNE.DiRan,28  SSW. Liege.  Long. 
5.  •'.I.V..  Lat.  50. 18.  N. 

Ching,  a  tou<n  Oi  China,  of  the  third  rank, 
in  the  province  of  'i'cJie-kiang.     30  miles  S. 
Chio-hing. 
Ching,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  fecond 


rank,  in  the  province  of  Pe-tche-li.  125 
miles  SSvV.  Peking.  Zo;;^.  115.20.E.  Lat. 
38.  4-  N. 

Ching-kai,  a  town  of  Afia,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Corea,     60  miles  ESE.  Kang-tcheou. 

Chingalamr.ly,  a  town  of  Hmdooftan,  in 
Myfore.     8  miles  SW.  Anantpour. 

Chirigercally,  a  town  of  Bengal.  48  mJles 
S.  Moorly.  ' 

Chingleput,  a  fortrefs  in  the  Carnatic,  In 
1754,  it  was  taken  by  Colonel  Clive.  30 
miles  SSW.  Madras,  45  N.  Pondicherry. 
Long.  80.  ID.  E.  Lat.  12.  42.  N. 

Chingoleagiil,  afmall  ifland  in  the  Atlan- 
tic, near  the  ccaft  of  Virginia.  Long.  -jk,. 
26.  E.  //^/.  37.56. N. 

Chingonia,  or  Singen,  a  fmall  ifland  near 
the  coall  of  Africa,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Zambefe,  about  100  miles  in  circumference. 
Lat.  18.  30.  S. 

Chin~Go?iga,  a  river  of  Hindooftan,  which 
rifes  in  the  Ellichpour  country,  and  runs  into 
the  Godavery,  16  miles  SW.  Neermul. 

Chingoteagite,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlan- 
tic, near  the  coaft  of  Virginia.  Long.  75. 
20.  W.  Lat.  37.  46.  N. 

Chingoteagne  Inlett^  a  narrow  channel 
between  two  iflands,  near  the  coaft  of  Vir- 
ginia.    Long.  75.  42.  W.  Lat.  27.  52.  N. 

C'i.'ini,  a  fmall  ifland  in  Saline's  Bay,  near 
the  coaft  of  Cofta  Rica. 

ClniiiZt  a  tovv'n  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
ofFarfiftan,  fltuaied  on  the  guli  of  Perfia. 
140  milts  W.  Schiras. 

Chin-kieoii,  a  town,  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Ho-nan.  45  miles  NE.  Yun-hing. 

Chin-li,  a  town  on  the  north- weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Hainan,  of  the  third  rank. 
12  miles  W.  Kiong-tcheou. 

Chin-7nou,  atown  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Chen-'i,  on  the  river  Kiu.  50  miles 
NN'W.  Kia. 

Chinna  Balaharam,  a  town  of  Hindoo- 
ftan, in  the  Myfore  country.  85  miles  NE. 
Seringapataiu.  Long.  tj. ^S.^'  Lat. 12,. 
25.  N. 

Chinna  Daraporum,  a  town  of  Hindoo- 
ftan, in  Myibre.     6  miles  NNW.  Dindigul. 

Chinna  Kadayoor,  a  town  oi  Hindooftan, 
in  Myfore.     13  miles  N.  Daraporum. 

Cl)innana'^  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Juiximoo.     45  miles  N.  Jummoo. 

Chinny  Arcaud,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.     16  m.  SE.  Bomrauzepoliam. 

Chinon,  a  t;/wn  of  Fiance,  and  prmcipal 
place  of  a  diftricl,  in  the  department  of  the 
Indre  and  Loire:  fituated  on  the  Vienne, 
and  def>;:nded  by  a  ft:rong  caftle,  in  which 
Heiiry  II.  king  of  England  died.  In  1204 
it  was  taken  by  the  French,  after  being  gal- 
lantly defended  by  Hubert  de  Biirgb,  who 
was  dangeroufly  wounded.,  24  m.iles  VrSW. 
Tours,  13  SE-  Saurnur.  Long.  o.  11.  W. 
Lcit.  47.  io.  N. 


c  n  I 

CJ:inradui-ga)!!y  a  fort  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Myforc.     15  miles  W.  l<.y;icotta. 

Ckinrania,  a  river  of  tin;  illand  of  Celebes, 
whicli  runs  into  Bony  Bay,  Long.  120.40. 
E.  Lnt.  2.  SZ'  S. 

Chinfacata,  a  town  of  Soutli-Ameiica,  in 
the  province  of  Cordova.  2>5  n^iiles  NNE. 
Cordova. 

Chivjura,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  tlie 
country  of  Bengal,  (ituatcd  on  the  welt  /ide 
of  the  Ganges,  belonging  to  the  Dutch  : 
the  houfes  are  built  in  the  European  ftyle  : 
the  town  is  populous  and  commercial.  The 
^  fortrefs  is  defended  by  four  baftions  and  a 
ditch,  according  to  the  European  form  of 
military  architedture.  In  1795,  it  was  taken 
by  the  French.  24  cannons  defend  the  paf- 
lage  of  the  river.  .  17  miles  N.  Calcutta. 

Chintapolhnn,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Golconda.     ^^  miles  S.Hydrabad. 

Cl'intamypet,  a  town  ot  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.    2am.  WSW.  Tritchinopoly. 

Chintapilly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  circar  of  Guntoor.  12  miles  NW. 
Guntoor. 

Ch;t:-tchen,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Chen-li.     20  miles  N.  Ton^-. 

C.hiny,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Forefts,  on  the  Semoy,  hereto- 
fore the  capital  of  a  comte,  in  the  dutchy  of 
Luxemburgh.  It  was  firft  furrounded  with 
walls  about  the  year  950,  by  Arnold  de 
Bourgogne  ;  and  was  heretofore  celebrated 
tor  its  beauty  and  riches,  but  has  fufr'cred 
greatly  in  diiFerent  wars.  The  comie  is  of 
great  extent,  including  13  cities  or  capital 
towns,  viz.  Baftogne,  Chiny,  Dicrich,  Dur- 
buy,  lioufalize,  Marche-en-Fam.ine,  Neuf- 
chateau,  Roche,  Saint  Hubert,  Saint  Vit, 
Schleyden  in  thediocefe  of  Treves,  Vianden, 
and  Virton,  with  all  the  villages  depending 
thereon;  in  a  word,  this  coraLc  compre- 
hends more  than  fonie  maps  delcribe  under 
the  name  of  the  dutchy  of  Luxemburgh.  A 
peafant  of  Condroz  being  aiked  what  was 
the  extent  of  the  comte  of  Chiny,  anfwered 
very  ingeniou'ly,  he  had  heard  at  Metzthat 
it  comprehended  one  half  of  the  world,  and 
that  the  other  half  was  dependent  on  it. 
Neither  the  city  nor  comte  were  dependent 
Oiithedutcliyof  Luxemburghjhaving  its  own 
panicular  jarisdiftion.  The  comte  fome- 
times  was  called  imperial,  and  has  been  at 
all  times  conliderable.  Bruno,  tlie  27ih 
archbifliop  of  Cologne,  and  chancellor  of 
the  empire,  erefted  it  into  a  compte,  about 
the  lame  time  the  city  was  furrounded  with 
walls.  It  pafled  afterwards  to  the  lioufe  of 
Looz,  by  the  nuirriage  of  Jane  coratefie 
de  Chiny  v^'ith  Arnold  comte  de  Looz, 
vhofe  youngelt  fon  Louis  became  comte  of 
Chiny;  but  he  dving  without  a  Ion,  the 
compte  paffed  to  Thierry  lord  of  Hinfberg, 
and  afterwards  to  Margaret,  only  dauj^hter 


C  II  I 

of  Louis  comte  of  Chiny,  and  Jeanne  dc 
Blamont.  Alter  the  death  of  Marg;irct, 
widow  of  John  duke  of  Lorrain,  who  died 
in  1372,  wiUiout  children,  the  comte  pafieJ 
to  Charles  IV.  emperor  and  comte  of  Lux- 
emburgh, who  inverted  his  brother  AVen- 
ceflaus  with  the  fovereignty,  united  witli 
the  dutchy  of  Luxemburg,on'ly  rclerving  the 
title  in  all  public  acts,  which  was  obferved 
till  the  comte  was  yielded  to  France,  in  the 
year  168 1,  under  the  pretext  that  it  was  a 
fief  of  the  dutchy  of  Bar;  from  thence  it 
came  to  the  houfe  of  Auftria,being  adjudged 
to  it  by  the  peace  of  Kyfwick;  and  u  is 
now  again  annexed  to  France.  15  miles  \V. 
Arlon,  and  27  \V^.  Luxeniburg.  Long.  1. 
ao.  E.  Lat.  49.  34.  N. 

Chi>!-ya>ig,  fee  Chen-yan, 

Chioggij,  fee  Chiozza. 

Chios,  lee  Scio. 

Chiova,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  capital  of 
a  marquilatc,  in  the  kingdom  of  Congo. 
no  miles  SW.  St.  Salvador. 

Chioiiriic,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Romania,  the  fee  of  a  Greek  bilhop, 
fituated  on  a  river  of  the  fame  name.  50 
miles  NW.  Conftantinople. 

Chiozy  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
of  Sandomirz.     36  miles  N.  Malogucz. 

Chiozza,  ov  Chioggia,  afmallilland  in  the 
Adriatic,  near  the  coaft  of  Italy,  not  far  from 
the  mouih  of  the  Brenta,  witli  a  town  of  the 
fame  name,  heretofor-e  the  fee  of  a  bilhop, 
futFragan  of  Venice ;  the  town  contains 
three  church.es,  and  eight  monafteries.  13 
miles  S.  Venice.  Lo/.-g.  12.  12.  E.  Lj/. 
45.  13. N. 

Chipenvay,  a  river  of  North-America, 
which  runs  into  the  Milfiilippi,  Long.t^z.  \V. 
Lat.  44.  15.  N.  It  gives  name  to  a  tribe  of 
Indians,  who  have  a  town.  On  its  banks  are 
line  meadows,  in  which  are  numerous  herds 
of  elks  and  buftaloes.  Thefe  Indians  ipread 
as  far  as  Lake  Superiour,  both  on  the  north 
and  fouth  coaits,  and  even  as  far  as  tlic  fouth- 
weft  coaft  of  L:ike  Huron. 

Chipiona,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country 
of  Seville,  lituated  on  a  rock,  near  the  coall 
of  the  Atlantic,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Gua- 
dalquivir. 5  miles  SW.  San  Lucar  de  Bar- 
rameda. 

Chipook  Cretk,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
runs  into  James  river.  Long.  77. 4.  W.  Lat. 
37.8.  N. 

Chippeuhi.Tin,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Wilts  ;  in  the  time  of  Alfred,  a 
city  of  ftrength,  and  taken  by  the  D.ir.cs  in 
the  year  880.  It  is  a  corporation  ,md  bo- 
rough town,  returning  two  members  to  par- 
liament:  there  is  a  confuiei.jble  manufac- 
ture of  fuperline  woollen  cloth  :  a  weekly 
market  is  held  on  Saturdays.  In  1801,  liie 
number  of  inhabitants  was  3366,  of  whom 
J416  were  employed  in  trade  and  nianu- 


C  H  I 


C  H  I 


factures.  13  •  miles  ENE.  Bath,  9;,  W.  Lon- 
don.    Long.  z.  8.  W.  Lat.  51.  s;.  N. 

Chippaivay,  fee  Wellatid. 

Chifpepar,  a  tov/n  of  Hindcofl:an,  in  the 
Carnatic.     8  miles  KW.  Coilpetta. 

Ckipp'ing-NortoTi,  a  tov/n  of  England,  in 
the  county  of  Oxford,  with  a  v/ecklv  rnai  kct 
on  Wcdnefday.  Here  are  manufa6iures  for 
horfe-clothing,  and  harratecns.  In  i^'ci, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  1812,  of  whom 
,-^12  were  emploved  in  trade  and  manufac- 
tures. 20  miles  NW.  Oxford,  74  WNW. 
London.    Loug.  i.  30.  W.  Lat.  51. 52^  N. 

Ckipping-Ongar,  iee  Ongar. 

Chipping-Sodbtiry  t  fee  Sodhnry. 

Chiqidnmlla,  a  town  of  Pvlexico,  In  the 
tirovince  of  Honduras.  50  miles  W.  Gracias 
a  Dios. 

ChlqirJc;,  a  province  of  South-America, 
in  the  viceroyalty  cf  Buenos  viyrcs,  inha- 
bited, in  the  year  1732,  by  feven  Indian  na- 
tions, eachcompoli:d  of  .iboiit  C:oo  fanniies. 
The  men  are  generally  well  made,  and  pof- 
feifcd  of  courage  ;  their  arms  are  a  gun,  a 
iabre,  and  arrows  uflially  poifoned  :  their 
language  and  cuftoms  not  greatly  different 
from  tliofe  of  Paraguay.  The  country  is 
n'Ountainoi'.s  and  mjirfhy ;  but  the  more 
healthy  foils  produce  variety  of  fruits  v/ith- 
out  culture  ;  the  variila  is  common,  and  a 
kind  of  cocoa  is  found,  whofe  fruit  is  more 
]ike  a  melon, than  a  cocoa-nut.  It  lies  to 
ihefouth  of  Moxes. 

Chirac,  a  tov/a  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  theLozere.     3  m.  SW.  M:>rvcjols. 

Chlrazzot  a  river  of  I^Iaples,  which  runs 
into  the  Adriatic,  Ling.  14.  4.E.  Lut.  ji,z, 
42.  N. 

Chircira,  fee  Majizora. 

Chircooty,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     9  miles  WNVv".  Ongole. 

Chirciimally,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  circar  of  Guntoor.  20  m.  SSE.  Guntoor. 

Chlrens,  a  town  cf  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ifere.    ij  m.  NNW-  Grenoble. 

Chlrezour^  a  town  of  Curdillan.  60  miles 
E   Molijl,  100  S.  Betlis. 

Cbirhios,  a  town  cf  South-America,  in 
the  audience  of  Qiiito.     25  m.  NW.  Jaen. 

Ckrriqri.!,  or  Ckirrquita^-A  town  of  P.lexico, 
in  ih.e  province  of  Veragua,  on  the  coafl  cf 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  with  a  haibour,  about  a 
league  from  'the  fea,  and  eight  miles  from 
the  tov^fn.  90  miles  W.  St.  Jago.  Lyng. 
83.  36.  W.  L.a*.  8.  20.  N.  _ 

C/driqui,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  (he  Pacific  Ocean,  Lang.  83.  36.  W. 
Z,v7.8.  3^..N. 

Cf\'riz'irr/d,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Ca- 
pi!,in"ta.     9  miles  SW.  Vieila, 

ddriqui  Lagoon^  a  large  !>av  on  the  coaft 
(^^  Mexico,  in  the  Spanifn  Main.  Long. 
5?z.  W.  Lat.  8.  50.  N. 

Ckirk^  a  town  of  North-Wales,  in  Den- 


biglifhire.      In    1801.  the  population   was 
1099.     6  miles  N.  Ofweftry. 

Chirkoiuy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  inDow- 
latabad.     14  miles  N.  Raragur, 

Chiry,  a  town  of  France,  In  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Oife.     3  miles  SSW.  Noyon. 

ChifnTvo,  or  AT/'/i'Aw,  a  town  of  theifland 
of  Candy,  fituated  on  the  north  coaft,  in  a 
bav  between  Cape  Spada  and  Cape  Buzo, 
anciently  called  Cyfamus.  It  was  the  port 
of  the  ancient  city  Apteia,  which  is  about 
five  miles  dirtant  to  the  fouth-eaft;  the  port 
was  a  fmall  bafin  v.'ithin  the  land,  which  is 
now  almoft  filled  up.  It  was  defended  from 
the  north  winds  by  a  pier  made  of  loofe 
frones,  not  laid  in  any  order.  Along  the 
fhore,  to  the  weft  of  the  port  of  Cliiiamo, 
there  are  foundations  of  fome  ccnfiderable 
buildings,  which  might  be  warehoufes.  A 
fmall  rivulet  runs  into  the  fea  at  this  port  ; 
and  eaft  of  it  the  ancient  Cyfamus  feems  to 
have  flood  ;  a  city  of  no  fmall  extent,  as 
one  may  judge  by  feveral  heaps  of  ruins 
about  the  fields ;  but  there  are  no  remains  ■ 
or  tradition  of  any  cathedral  here.  The 
Turks  who  inhabit  the  place  live  in  a  caftle, 
and  in  a  f^nall  village  or  town  walled  round 
adjoining  to  It,  both  which  together  are 
not  above  half  a  mile  in  circumference  ;  as 
they  are  fo  near  the  fea,  they  v^'oukl  not  be 
fecure  liomthe  coriairs  without  this  defence. 
25  miles  W.  Canea. 

ChiJ)nie,  lee  Kijhvie, 

Cd:''J)ne,  or  Cifrne,  or  Tchefme,  a  feaport 
tov/n  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  on  the  weft  coa.ft 
of  Natoiia,  oppofite  the  ifland  of  Scio,  be- 
tween which  and  the  continent  is  a  narrow- 
ftrait;  w  here  the  Turkifh  fleet  was  deftroyed 
by  the  liuilians  in  the  year  1770.  The 
ancient  nai^ic  of  this  tov/n  was  Cyffus.  In 
the  year  191  b,t;fore  Chriff,  the  fleet  of  An- 
tiochus  furnamed  the  Great  was  defeated 
here  by  the  Roman  fleet  under  the  com- 
mand ofC.  Livius,  with  the  lofs  of  30  fliips 
taken,  and  10  funk.  40  miilcs  W.  Smyrna. 
Long.  26.  17.  E.    Lat.  38.24.  N. 

Ckifnn,  or  CJfoing,  a  town  of  France,  In 
the  departn-icnt  of  the  North,  with  an 
abbey,  v/hcre  Louis  XV.  took  up  his  reli- 
dence  during  the  campaign  of  1744.  6 
miles  NNW  Orchies. 

Chifivcii'  s  Ij'ands,^  clufter  of  fmall  ifiands 
in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  weft 
coalf  of  North- America.  Long.  211.  10. 
E.  Lat.  59.  31.  N. 

Chijpjnemetan,  a  river  of  Canada,  which 
runs  into  the  Pickouagamis,  60  miles  NW. 
St.  John's  Lake. 

Chif-Li-'uL  a  village  of  England,  in  Mid- 
dlefex,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Fhames.  In 
1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  v/as  2^^->5' 
5  miles  W.  London. 

Chit.'ipeHa,^  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore.    2j  mf  es  N W.  Dalmuchcr;  y. 


c  n  I 

Chitcheena^  an  ifland  in  the  Cafpian  fca, 
about  lo  miles  long  and  2  broad,  near  :lie 
weftcoaft.     iL/?/.  4-^.  40.  N. 

Chitchelcs,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  the 
ciicir  of  Surgooja.     44  miles  E.  Surgooja. 

Coitchura,  a  town  of  Hindooltan,  in 
Ecrar.     z%  niiJes  ESE.  Comtr.h. 

Ckitel,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in  Guzerat. 
32  miles  N.  Chitpour. 

Chit}!ia,  a  town  of  Ilindoort.m,  in  the  cir- 
car  of  Ruttunpour.    rS  m.  NE.  Riittunpour. 

Chito,  a  town  of  South-Ameiica,  in  tlie 
audience  of  Quito.     60  miles  S.  Loxa. 

Chi'.lnnr  or  Chlttipour,  a  town  or  Ilindoo- 
ftan, in  the  country  of  Guzerat,  celebrated 
for  .its  manufailure  of  chintzes.  In  1567, 
this  town,  then  in  pofTefTion  of  an  Indian 
princo,  was  befieged  and  taken  by  the  em- 
peror Akbar.  The  garrifon  confifbed  of 
8000  foldicrs,  and  the  inhabitants  amounted 
to  about  40,000  :  of  thefe  30,000  were  kil- 
led. 173  miles  SVv.  Amedabad.  Z,i>//j.  73. 
3.  E.  L.at.  23.  4.?.  N. 

Chitro,  or  Chitrj,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Macedonia.  This  is  fuppoftd  to 
be  the  ancient  Pydna,  once  the  capital  of 
Macedoiva,  where  Callander  put  to  death 
the  wife  and  fon  of  Alexander  the  Great. 
In  the  neiglibourhood,  Paulus  iEniiliu;,  the 
Roman  general,  defeated  Perfeus.  36  miles 
SSE.  Ed:elia. 

Chittymofipour,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Bahar.     i8  miles  N.  Hagvpour. 

Cklttap'illa,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  tlic 
circar  of  Cuddapa.      20  miles  S.  Cuddapa. 

CbitteUroogtW  town  of  liindoo!l:an,in  the 
Myfore  country.  Tliis  is  a  fortreis  of  pro- 
digious ftrength,  fituated  on  a  high  and 
fteep  rock.  It  was  taken  bv  the  Britilli  and 
Mahrattas,  and  at  the  divifion  of  Tippoo's 
dominions,  alligned  to  the  latter.  85  miles 
NNW.  Seringapatimi,95  E.  Bedanore. 

Chitti-')idon,  a  county  of  United  America, 
in  the  flare  of  Vermont. 

Ckitteput.,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
Carnatic.  In  1759,  this  place  was  taken  by 
Colonel  Clive.     14.  miles  N.  Gingee. 

C!:iLterg'jiir.)  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
OrifTa.    46  miles  SW.  Cattack. 

Chittig-jti,  or  Xutigan,  or  S hat: gam,  a 
circar  of  Hindooftan,  between  the  Barham- 
pooter  river  and  Aracan,  where  the  Porta- 
guefe  made  the  firfl  fettlement.  This  coun- 
try v/as  conquered  from  Aracan,  and  an- 
nexed to  Bengal  by  Aurungzebe,  in  1666. 
It  is  not  fj  fertile  in  corn  as  many  other 
parts  of  Berigal,  and  has  but  few  cotton  ma- 
nufadures,  but  produces  excellent  limber. 
The  capital  is  Iflamabad,  fometinies  called 
Chittigcng. 

Chittigongi  fee  Ifiaviahad. 

Chitii;/ioty,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
Carnatic.    42  miles  N.  Travancorc. 

Chitt-jcr^  a  town   of  ilix-^dooitHn,  in  the 


C  II  I 

Carnatic.  In  November  1 781,  it  \v'..s  taken 
bv  the  Bntilli.  28  miles  NW.  Arcot,  -o 
W.  IVIadras.  Long.  79.  15.  E.  L.if.Js.iC.ii. 
Chittoor,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  tiie 
prcvii-ice  of  Dindigul.  30  m.  W..Dindigul. 
Chittra,  a  town  of  Hindooffan,  in  tlie 
Baiiar  country.  83  m.  S.  Patna,  7;  SSW. 
Bahar.   Loiig.  8,-.  E.  Lat.  24.  13.  N. 

Chit-xvu,  a  town  of  Ilindoolfan,  in  Cochin. 
The  Dutcii  purchafal  a  fpot  of  ground  here 
to  build  afortof  the  king  of  Cochin;  but  the 
Samorin  of  Calicut  put  in  a  claim  as  lord 
ofthef()il,and  thedifputc  ended  in  a  bloody' 
war,  which  lailed  three  years;  and  w;is  con- 
cluded by  the  Samorin  bci,ig  compelled  10 
rebuild  the  fort  v^^hich  he  had  trcachcroufly 
deffroyed.     12  miles  N.  Ciar.ganore. 

Chh.T,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province  of 
Valencia.     15  niilcs  VVNW.  Valencia. 
Ch'iva,  fee  Khieva. 

Chivazzo,  :i  tov>n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Po,  fituated  in  a  plain,  near 
the  union  of  the  river  Oreo  with  thepo.  Jt 
is  defended  with  ancient  and  new  walls,  bafli- 
ons,  9nd  largo  foifcs  filled  with  water:  it  is 
well  iiippHed  with  artillcrv  and  a  numeroas 
jrarrifon,  efpecially  in  time  of  war.  The 
fituation  is  lb  advantageous,  that  v/hoever 
arc  mailers  of  this  town  are  faid  to  pofTefs  the 
key  of  the  country  of  Turin,  the  Canavois, 
the  country  of  Vercel!;,  Montfjrrat,  and 
Lombardy,  all  whicli  they  may  enter  when 
t;iiy  pleafe.  It  was  t.ikcn  by  Thomas 
prince  of  Savoy  in  1639;  which  induced 
Cnriftina  dutchefs  of  Savoy  to  fend  her 
fbn  and  fillers  to  C'lamberv,  to  preferve 
them  from  infult  till  the  profpefl  of  affairs 
might  change.  It  was  loon  afcer  taken  by 
the  French,  but  reflored  to  the  Duke  of 
Savoy  in  1649.  it_  h^s  fevcral  churches 
and  convents.  11  miles  NE.  Turin,  12  S. 
Ivrea.     L-^iig.  7.47.  E.  Lai.  45.12.  N. 

Chtuchiu,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  dioccfe 
of  La  Plata.  32  m.  S.  Atacames. 

Chivi-ruy,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlic  depart- 
ment of  the  Loir  and  Clicr,  on  the  Ibuth 
fide  of  the  Conon.    9  miles  SE.  Blois. 

C  'iiunla,  fee  Skiumla. 

Chiufa,  (Lfi,^  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Vi-ro- 
nefe.  ^'hisisaftrong  frontier  town  fituated  on 
the  Adige,  in  a  n  irrov/  pafsof  the  road  lead- 
ing to  Germany.  In  1797,  it  was  taken  by 
tlie  French.     9  miles  N\V.  Verona. 

Chiufa  di  Vcnzonc,  La,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Friuli,  on  a  fmall  river,  called  Filla,  which 
runs  into  the  Taj  imento;  a  frontier  p.-.Ts  on 
the  borders  of  Carinthia.  It  was  \\}.<zn.  by 
the  French  in  1797,  and  the  ganil".jn,  con- 
iilling  of  ^'^o  n)cn,  made  piilbncrs  of  war. 
14  miles  Friuli,  17  N.  Udina. 

ChiufunojA  town  of  Naples,  in  Principaro 
Citra.     13  miles  SSE.  Bencvento. 

CbivfAla,  a  river  of  Piedmont,  which  runs 
into  '.he  Oreo,  i  mile  WSW.  Foglillb. 


C  H  O 


C  H  O 


ChJnJi,  a  town  of  Etruria,  in  the  country 
OfSienna,  anciently  called  Clufium,  a  city  of 
the  Hetrurians,  and  refidence  of  Porfena.  It 
is  the  lee  of  a  bifhop  under  Sienna,  but 
poor  and  thinly  inhabited,  ^i  miles  SSE. 
Sienna,  40  SSE.  Florence.  Long.  la.  E. 
Lat.  43.  42.  N. 

Chiujlcjigi,  fee  KtifiangL 

Chiutaja^  fee  Khitaja. 

Chize,  a  town  of  Fiance,  In  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Two  Sevres,  fituated  near  the 
Boutonne.     11  m.  S.  Niort,  ic  SW.  Melle. 

Chizilarahad,  a  town  of  Curdiftan.  70 
miles  SSE.Kerkuk. 

Chlenn,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Konigingratz.    18  m.  SE.  Konigingratz. 

Chlo7rtin,^  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Kaurzim.     13  miles  NNE.  Prague. 

Chlopan,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  tlie  palati- 
nate of  Volhynia.    7a  miles  ENE.  Lucko. 

Chluvietz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Konigingratz.  5  m.  S.  Konigingratz. 
'  Chluiv.etz^  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Moldaw.     7  miles  SE.  Knin. 

Chinichuk,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Kaminiec.     50  m.  NE.Kaminicc. 

Chviietoivka,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Braclaw.    46  m.  ENE.Braclaw. 

Ch?iin^  fee  Kniu. 

Choam-yu-fi,  a  town  of  China,  in  Quang- 
tong.    48  miles  ESE.  Kao-tcheuu. 

Chcarypal,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Coimbetore.     5  miles  S.  Erroad. 

Choboitlvo,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Volhynia.     36  n-iles  W.  Lucko. 

Chohra,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bah:.r. 
ao  miles  NE.  H.:^jypour. 

Choc  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
iOand  of  St.  Lucia,  a  little  to  the  north  of 
Carenage  bay. 

Chocbar,  fee  Chokhar,  > 

Chocape,z  town  of.  Peru,  in  the  jurifdic- 
tion  of  Sana,  containing  about  feventy  Spa- 
nifli  families.     80  miles  N.  Truxilio. 

Chcckpugry,  a  town  of  Bengal.  25  miles 
SE.  KKhenagur. 

Chocoya,  a  town  of  South-Am.crica.  25 
miles  N.  Lipes.  Long.  68.  24.  W.  La:. 
II.  I-:.  S. 

Ckcccharmo,  a  town  of  Thibet.  27  miles 
NE.  Tofon-Hotun. 

Cloco,  a  province  of  South-America,  in 
the  viccroyalry  of  Nev/  Grenada,  bounded 
on  the  north  bv  the  provinces  of  Darien  and 
Carthagena,  on  the  eaft  and  fouth  by  Po- 
payan,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
The  ibil,  climate,  &c.  are  (imiiar  to  thofc  of 
Popayan. 

Chocok-cocha,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  dio- 
cefe  of  Guam.anga.    40  ni.  SW.  Guanianga. 

Chocolate  Rivi'r,  a  ruer  of  America^  which 
runs  into  Lake  Superior,  Long.  87. 16.  W. 
Lat.  46.  22. N. 

CLuczhii,  or  Cokzivi-,  a  town  of  European 


Turkey,  in  Moldavia,  fituated  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  the  Dnicfler,  near  the  frontier  of  Po- 
land, remarkable  for  two  vidories  gained 
here  by  the  Poles  over  the  Turks  in  1621 
and  1683.  In  1739,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Imperialifts.  The  fuburbs  were  burnt  down 
in  1769.  107  miles  N.  Jaili,  64  WNW. 
Mogilev.     Long.  27.  E.  Ijut.  58.  50.  N. 

Chocul,  a  town  of  Bengal,  zs  miles  E. 
Moorfliedabad. 

Chodactit,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
27  miles  E.  Bettiah., 

Ckodivoja,  a  town  of  Walachia.  32  miles 
SSW.  Ruchareft. 

CkodorcjJau,  a  town  of  Auftrian  Poland, 
in  Galicia.     20  miles  SE.  Lemberg. 

Chce  Mapaiik,  a  lake  of  T'hibet,  about  60 
miles  in  circumference.  Long.  8i.  10.  E. 
Z«/.33.  3S-N. 

Chogda,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bengal. 
17  miles  S.  Kiflienagur. 

Chogojig.,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bengal. 
13  miles  NE.  Nattore. 

Chohan-,  a  circar  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Allahabad. 

Cohafp,  a  river  of  Perfia,  which  crofles 
the  province  of  Chuiiftan  from  north  to 
limth,  pailes  by  Suffer,  and  runs  into  the 
Shat  cl  Arab.  It  is  thought  to  be  the  ancient 
Eulaus,  or  Ulai  of  Daniel. 

Chohren,  or  Kohren,_  a  town  of  Germanv, 
in  the  territory  of  Leipfic.  20  miles  SSE. 
Leiplic. 

Choinitz,  fee  Conitz. 

ChoiJ'euil,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment oi-theUppcrMarne.  izm.NE.Langres. 

ChoJfy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Seine  and  Marne.  la  miles  N. 
Pro  v  in. So 

Choifcy  Bcllcgarde,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  deparinient  of  the  Loiret.  22  m.iles  W. 
Montaigis. 

ChciJ'y  Ic  Roy,  or  Choifyfur  Seine,  a  town 
of  France,  in  the  department  of  Paris,  on 
the  Seine.     6  miles  S.  Paris. 

Chokj,  a  town  of  Bengal,  near  the  Ganges. 
36  miles  N.  Mooifnedabad. 

Chokhar,  a  town  of  Sindy,  in  the  diftriff  of 
NuiTerpour,  on  the  liglu  bank  of  the  Indus. 
20  miles  SW.  Nuil^^rpour,  30  NE.  Talta. 

Choke,  a  town  of  Thibet.  145  miles  SSE. 
Lafiii. 

Chokcy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Eerar. 
5a  miles  N\V.  Mahoy. 

Chokoor,  a  town  of  Syria,  in  the  pachalic 
of  Aleppo,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Orontes. 
30  miles  E.  Latakia. 

Chola,  a  fmall  iiland  in  the  Indian  fl'a, 
near  the  coaft  of  Africa.   Lat.  8.S. 

Cho/aivia,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Minfic.     42  miles  SE.  Minfk. 

Choke,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
count!  y  of  Vifiapour.   50  m.  SW.Poonah. 

CkoHct,  a  towa  of  France,  and  princii?a.i 


c  11  a 

place  of  a  diftriil,  in  the  department  of  tiie 
Mayne  and  Loire.  In  Febiu:iry  1794,  the 
royalifts  were  defeated  ne;\r  this  town,  with 
great  lofs.  rS  miles  W.  Argcnton,  27  SSVV. 
Anoters.    Lo>ig.  o.  48.  W.  Lat.  47.  x.  N. 

Ch-Jw,  a  town  of  Rufli;i,  in  the  go%-ern- 
ment  of  Pfkov,  on  the  river  Lovat.  180  m. 
S.  Poterfburg.  Long.  :i,i.  14.  E.  Lat.  si-  N. 

Cholmog-iri,  a  town  of  Ruflia,  in  tlie  go- 
vernment of  Archangel,  on  the  Dwina.  28 
miles  S.Arcliangcl,  360  NE.  Peterlliurg. 

Chob)io7:deley'' s  Jjl.ir.J,  a  bay  or  inl;;t  en 
the  eaft  coaft  of  the  Prince  of'  Wales's  Ar- 
chipelago, in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lo/:g.  228.  13.  E.  L(7t.  55.  16.  N. 

Chclor.g,  a  town  of  Tliibet.  57  m.  XNW. 
Chao-ma-liing-I-Iotun. 

Ckoltitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Chjudim.     G  miles  NW.  Chrudim. 

Ch'A-.da,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tlafcala.  It  was  formerly  a  city 
of  Anahuac,  containing  in  the  time  of 
Cortes,  according  to  his  account,  40,000 
houfes,  independent  of  the  adjoining  vil- 
lages or  I'uburbs,  which  he  computed  at  as 
many  more.  Its  commerce  confiited  in  ma- 
nufafturcs  of  cotton,  gems,  and  plates  of 
clay;  and  it  was  much  famed  for  its  jewel- 
lers and  potters.  With  refpect  to  religion, 
it  m«y  be  faid  that  Cholula  was  the  Rome  of 
Anahuac.  The  furprifing  multitude  of  tem- 
ples, and  in  particular  the  greater  temple 
ere(51ed  upon  an  artificial  mountain,  which 
is  llill  exiting,  drew  innumerable  pik-rims 
not  only  from  the  neighbouring  cities,  but 
Jikewife  from  the  moll  diftant  provinces,  to 
perform  their  devotions  at  that  imagined 
holy  fpot.  Cortes,  in  his  march  to  Mexico, 
flopped  here,  and  was  to  all  appearance 
kindly  receix-ed,  but  having  intelligence  that 
a  plot  was  laid  againft  the  life  of  himfelf 
and  followers,  he  rook  araoft  fevere  revenge 
by  raafTacring  a  gieat  number  of  the  princi- 
pal citizens,  and  fctting  fire  to  the  houfes. 
6c  miles  E.  Mexico. 

Chomelis^  a  town  ofFrancCjin  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Loire.   13  m.  N.  LePuy. 

Chov/ilah,  a  town  of  Thibet.  40  miles  S. 
Toudfong. 

ChoniDterac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardeche.    3  m.  SE.  Privas. 

Cho}>/o>!c.hvitnji,  a  lake  of  Canada.  219 
miles  NW.  Quebec.  Lo>:g.  75.  40.  W. 
Laf.  39.  20.  N. 

Chomoton,  or  Chovuito'-jj,  fee  Coviinotau. 

Chr,i/'Jk,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Brr.efc.    56  niiles'E.  Brzefc. 

Chonac  or  Koulei-hifar,.-i.  town  ofAliaiic 
Turkey,  in  the  government  of  Sivas.  40  m. 
NNE.Sivas,  130  WSW.  Erzcrum. 

Chotiad,  a  tov\'n  of  Hungary,  fituated  on 
the  Marofch,  tlie  lee  of  a  biflicp,  fufFragan 
of  Colocza,  difn:antled  after  the  peace  of 
Carlovitza.    25  miles  N.  Temefvur. 


C  M  O 

Chx,}:as,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Iferc.  13  miles  S.  Vienna. 

Ckot!d,-x  town  of  Anibia,  in  lladramaut, 
igo^miles  SW.  Amanzirildin. 

Chonday,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Can- 
deifh.     18  miles  S.  Burhanpour. 

Cko7iCi  a  town  of  Soudi-America,  in  the 
audience  of  Quito.    100  miles  WSW.  Quite*. 

Chonghcy,  a  town  of  Thibet.  Lo7sg.  79. 
41.  E.  Lat  zi'  27- N. 

Lhovgciig,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  audience  of  Quito.  40  m.  W.Guayaquil. 

Ckoug-icheou^  a  town  of  Corea.  25  miles 
SW.  Outcheou. 

Ckouos-,  an  ifland  in  tlic  South  Pacific 
Ocean,  20  miles  long  and  5  broad,  near  tlie 
coalt  of  Chili;  about  it  are  a  number  of  fmall 
iflands  and  rocks,  called  the  Chono^  Archi- 
pelago. Lat.  of  the  v/!iolc  44.  to  47.  S- 

Choohoond,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  M.il- 
wa.     25  miles  NE.  RaHJegur. 

Cixoka,  a  town  of  Bootan.  30  miles  S. 
Tailafudon. 

Chook-choo,  one  of  the  Ladrones  iflands. 
Lcfjg.  113.  44.  E.  Lat.  21.  55.N. 

Vhoo-Moorty,  a  town  of  Thibet.  Lofig. 
78.  54.  E.  Lat.  T,^,.  57.  N. 

Choorkut,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  tb.e 
circar  of  Boggilcund.     25  miles  E.  Rewah. 

Chooz,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
nient  of  the  Ardennes.  10  miles  NW.  Me- 
zieres. 

Cl:cper,  a  river  of  Ruffia,  which  runs  into 
the  Don,  near  Choperfl<aia. 

Choperea,  a  town  of  Bengal.  4  miles  W. 
Palamow. 

Choperfk,  a  town  of  Rufiia,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Saratov,  on  the  Choper.  140  miles 
I'W^Saratoy,  648  SSE.  Petenourg. 

C.hopsrjkaia,  a  town  of  Ruilia,  m  the 
country  of  the  Cofacs,  on  the  Don.  ii;^ 
miles  NE.  Afoph,  60  SW.  Archadinflcaia. 

Ck-jpoia,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Soonda.  12  miles  NW.  Goa. 

Chopper,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Ganges.  26  miles 
ESE.  Ilajypour. 

Cly.pra,  or  Chohra,  ?.  tou'n  of  Hindooftan, 
in  Bengal,  the  relidcnce  of  the  colicvflur  of 
Sarun  and  Chan^ipooran,  diftricts  which  yield 
an  annual  revenue  of  ii,\  lacks  of  rupees^. 
The  French  and  Dutch  have  faftories  here, 
chiefly  for  the  purehafc  of  faltpetic.  30 
miles  NE.  Patna. 

Choptank,  a  liver  of  the  ftate  of  DeU- 
ware,  which  runs  into  the  Chciapcak,  25 
miles  SSE.  Annapolis. 

Chd  EJJlrc,  or  Churchcir,  a  tovv'n  of  Pcr- 
fia,  in  Farfiltan,  on  the  coalt  of  the  Pcrfi.'n 
gulf.  Here  arc  the  ruins  of  a  large  caftlc, 
and  of  a  pier,  wliich  advances  (bmc  way  into 
the  fla;  botli  built  by  tl;e  Poi tuguefc  when 
they  liadciiief  doininioii  of  thegulf.  'i'hcy 
kept  a  ganifon  and  £.diies  conitantly  crui 


C  H  6 

zihg  to  compel  Hiips  which  traded  thither 
or  to  Baffora  to  pay  a  toll  or  cuftom  of  lo 
percent.     44  miles  S.  Buflieer.    Long,  ^x 
30.  E.  Lat.iZ.  28..  N. 

Choramba,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Do  w- 
iatabad.     14  miles  E.  Darore. 

Choran  KiameJi,  a  poft  of  Chinefe  Tar- 
tary.    20  miles  WNVV.  Nimgouta. 

Chorapa,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  audience  of  Quito.     25  miles  W.  Jaen. 

Ckorafan,  or  Korafcin,  a  province  of  Per- 
lia,  bounded  on  tlie  north  by  Charafm  and 
the  country  of  the  Ufbec  Tartars,  on  the 
eaflby  Bukharia  and  Candahar,  on  tliefouth 
by  Segeftan,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  province 
of  Mazanderan  and  the  Cafpian  fea;  450 
miles  in  length,  and  420  in  breadth.  This 
ccuntr*  was  anciently  known  by  the  name 
<Q^  Ariatia.  It  was  conquered  by  Tiraur 
Bee  in  1396,  and  by  him  granted  to  his  fon 
Mirza  Charoc,  together  v/ith  Mazanderan 
and  Segeftan.  The  principal  towns  are 
Herat,  Kcnef,  Talekan,  Merwa,  Zaweh,  &.c. 

Choren,  lee  Chohren. 

Chorfakan^  fee  Kkorfakan. 

Charges,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Higher  Alps,  burned  by  the 
Duke  of  Savoy  in  1692-  10  m.  W.Erabrun. 

ChorUlos,  ( LosyJ  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the 
audience  of  Lima.     6  miles  S.Lima. 

Cl.otin,  a  tou'n  ofGermany,  in  theUcker 
Mark  of  Brandenburg.  6  miles  S.  Neu  An- 
germnude. 

Chorlty,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Lnncafter,  nea.r  the  iource  of  the  fmall 
liver  Chor,  from  which  it  received  its  name. 
Here  are  very  large  manufaflurcs  of  cotton, 
fuftians.  calicoes,  and  muHins.  The  environs 
abound  in  mines  of  coal,  lead,  and  alum, 
with  quarries  of  flag,  flate,  afhler,  and  mill- 
Hone.  In  1801,  the  inhabitants  vv^ere  4516, 
and  of  thefc  1540  employed.  There  are 
two  niark'ets,  on  Tueldays  and  Saturdays. 
20  m.  NW.Manchefter,  201  NW.  London. 
Lo7!g.%.  48.  V/.  Lat.^2,.  37.  N. 

Ci:cr?:ab,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
S5  miles  W.  Rotafgui'. 

Ckcj-C'l,  a  town  of  Ilufua,  on  the  river  of 
the  fame  name,  in  the  government  of  Kiev. 
IOC  miles  SE.  Kiev,  252  S.  Peterfburg. 

Chore,!,  a  river  of  P.uiiia,  which  runs  into 
the  Plblj  near  Goltva,  in  the  government  of 
Kiev. 

Choromoros,  a  river  of  Tucuman,  which 
runs  into  the  Rio  Dulce,  20  miles  SW.  St. 
Migviel  de  Tucuman. 

Chorcfciejfonvy  a  town  of  Poland,  in  tlie 
palatinate  of  Kiev.  64  miles  WNW.  Kiev. 

ChcrojVi,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Volhynia. 
18  miles  NW.  Zytomiers. 

Chcroffoza,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
linavc  of  Volhynia.    18  m,  NW.  Zytomiers. 

Chorro  Mancan,  a  tovvn  of  Chinefe  Tar- 
fary.     /.w/^-.  120.  50.  E.  Lrd.c,^.  18.  N. 


C   H  O 

Chofciahad,  a  tov/n  of  Perfia,  in  tlie  pro= 
vince  of  Kerman.  37  miles  SW.  Sirgian. 

Choffefo,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Volhynia. 
64  miles  E.  Lucko. 

Chofiiarn,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  22  miles 
WSW.  Paflau. 

CI:ota,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  Georgia] 
55  miles  W.  Tugeloo. 

CI:ota,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  jurifdiflion 
of  Caxamarca.  60  miles  NW.  Caxam.arca. 

Chota,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
20  miles  NW.  Durbungah. 

Chofafiitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Czafiau.     2  miles  N.  Czaflau. 

Chote,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  Georgia.  47 
miles  WNW.  Tugeloo. 

Chotiebors,  a  town  of  Bohem.ia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Czaflau-  12  miles  SSE.  Czaflau,  48 
SE. Prague.  Zcw^.  15.25. E.  Z^/. 49.5c. N. 

ChrAminJk,  a  town  ofRuflia,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Charkov.  c2  miles  NNW. 
Charkov,  588  SSE.  Peterfburg. 

Chotoiv,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Minflc.     22  miles  SW.  Minik. 

Chotul-,  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  mJles  SSW. 
Calcutta. 

Ckotifjitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Czaflau,  v/hers  the  King  of  Prufli a  ob- 
tained a  complete?  viftory  in  the  year  1742. 
5  miles  N.  Czaflau. 

Chrjtzeviitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Kaurzim,  near  the  Elbe.  The  Auf- 
trians  obtained  a  viftory  here  over  the  King 
of  Pruflia;  in  the  year  1757.  j  m.iles  NE. 
Kaurzim. 

CI}oizen,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Chrudim.     3  miles  NNE.  Kohenmaut. 

Chouang-kotiy  a  town  ofChina,ofthethird 
rank;in  Se-tchuen.  Tom<.  SW.  Tching-tong. 

Chouangfal.,  a  town  of  Tartaiy,  in  the 
province  of  Kami.  9  miilesNW.  Tchontori. 

Chotibi,  a  iQwn  of  Hindooftan,  in  Allaha- 
bad.    7  miles  v.".  Currah. 

Choucaj-Atown  of  Africa,  in  Upper  Guinea, 
on  tlie  river  Maguiba,  furrounded  with  rocks. 

Ckoudagofig,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.     12  miles  S.Comillah. 

Choudapilly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Dowlatabad.     8  miles  N.Indelovyy. 

Cljcueri,  or  ICulk,  or  Gcrgit,  or  Korgo,  a 
fmall  ifland  in  the  Perfian  gulf,  near  tlie 
coaft  of  Perlia,  and  leparated  from  the  ifland 
of  Karek  by  a  channel  about  a  mile  broad, 
v^'hich  is  a  fafe  pallage  for  fhips.  It  pro- 
duces water  and  fome  dates.  Long.  50. 30. 
E.  Lat.  29. 10.  N. 

C.hsHg,  or  Shogle,  a  town  of  Syria^  on  the 
river  Orontes ;  v/here  all  travcUcrs  v^'ilhout 
diftindlion  are  entertained  in  an  excellent 
caravanfera  gratis  for  three  days.  It  is  in 
tlie  road  from  Aleppo  and  Sayd.  20  miles 
SE.  Antioch. 

Choui-chan,  a  town  of  Afla,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Corca.     12  miles  NW.  Hiamen, 


C  II  p 

€houl-fo!i^,  a  town  of  China,  i:i  the  thiid 
tank,  in  Kiang-ii.  25  miles  NK.  Ki-ng;an. 

Chui-yK'g,  i\  to\s'n  of  Alia,  in  tlie  kingdom 
of  Corea.     20  miles  SSW.  Haimcn. 

Cho:i!-kin[;,  a  town  of  Chin-i,  in  the  third 
rank,  in  Kiang-II.  65  miles  E.  Kan-cheoii. 
Choui'Tigan,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank  in  Tche-kiang.  12  m.  S.  Ouentcheou. 
Choui-tchany;,  a  town  of  China,  of  the 
tliird  rank,  in  Tciic-kiang.  36  miles  WNW. 
Tch'j-tchco. 

Ch-nii-tcbaa^.,  a  tov/n  of.  China,  of  tlie 
third  rank,  in  Kiang-li.  18  miles  W,  Kicou- 
kiang. 

CboHj-ichsou,  a  city  of  China,  of  tlie  firu: 
rank,  in  Kiing-fi.  71^  miles  S.  Peking. 
Zjvtr.  114.^  54.  E.  Lat.  28.  25.  N. 

Cho;d-Tu:n,  a  town  of  Afia,  in  tlie  king- 
dom of  Corea.    37  miles  NE.  Hairaen. 

_  Ch)ukjry,  a  town  of  Ilindooflan,  in  the 
circar  of  Bandelcund.  4?,  miles  E.  Callingcr. 

Chookce,  a  mountain  of  Bootan.  120  miles 
E.  TaiTaliidon. 

Cboidc,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  co.iO-  of 
Concan,  vvitli  a  liarbour  for  iirvall  vdrds, 
belonging  to  the  Portugucfe.  25  miles  S. 
Bombay.    Long.  73.  46.  E.  Lat.  18.  36.  N. 

Choulny,  a  tov\'n  of  Hindooifan,  in  IJara- 
maul.     ai  miles  S.  Darempoiirv. 

Cho!i-k:i,-\  town  of  China,  of  the  l])ird 
rank,  in  Pc-tche-li.    12  miles  SW.  Ching. 

Cho'.i;nny,  a  river  of  Cochin-china,  which 
runs  into  the  Chinefeiea,  Long.  107.  57.  E. 
Lat.iG.  12.  N. 

6'/!:?;Y^.//5«,  a  town  of  Thibet,  265  miles 
E.  La/la. 

Chour,  a  river  of  the  ifiand  of  Cyprus, 
which  runsinto  thelea,  9  m.  NE.Famagufta. 

Chouragiir,  atownciHindooftan,in  Gurry 
Mundlah.  40  m.  N.Deogur,57  S"^V.Gurrali. 

Churapil./y,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.     t,^  miles  E.  Colar. 

Cko'irtong,  a  town  of  Thibet.  235  miles 
ESE.  LaiTa. 

Ckoiiryy  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Goond- 
wanah.     55  miles  N.  Nagpour. 

Choufghnyan-,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  pro- 
%'incs  ot'Chorafan.     220  miles  NNE.  Herat. 

Chou-tchuen,  a  town  of  Afia,  in  Corea.  30 
miles  S.  Haimcn. 

Chou-yaiig,  a  town  of  Afiajin  the  kingdom 
of  Corea.     40  miles  NE,  King-ki-tao. 

Cboiize,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Indre  and  Loire.  15  miles 
N\V.  Tours. 

Chonva/!,  a  river  of  United  America,  form- 
ed by  the  union  of  three  rivers,  in  the  ftate 
of  Virginia,  wiiich  runs  into  Albemaile  Sound, 
Long.  76.  s^-  W.  Lat.  36.  4.  N, 

Chowarah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude,  on  the  Dewah.  45  miles  SE.  Fyza- 
bad.     Long.  83. 13.  E.  Lat.  26.  30.  N. 

ChoivdiapaUatji,  a  town  of  Hmdooftan, 
in  Coimbetore.     2  mihs  S£.  Erroad. 


C  II  R 

Cho-ivLi,  a  lown  of  Hindooftan,  in  Alalwa. 
30  miles  SE.  Bopaltol. 

ChowLi,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bun- 
delcuud.     6  miles  S.  Cliatterpour. 

Cbo-wncy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Goluid.     10  miles  E.  Raat. 

(^bsi.vTiy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bun- 
delcund.     40  mites  N.  Chattcrpour. 

Cbo<ivpa/rb,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
fubah  of  Lahore,  on  the  Indus.  150  miles 
W.  I-ahorc.  Lc/jg.  70.  50.  E.  Laf.T^i.ii.'^, 

Cbtnvry,  one  of  the  Nicobar  illands,  in 
the  Eaftern-Indian  lea.  It  is  a  low  level  of 
a  fquare  form,  fcarccly  half  a  league  in  dia- 
meter, and  not  more  than  6  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  fea,  except  the  fouth-eaft  angle, 
which  is  an  iniraenfe  rock,  rifing  perpendi- 
cularly to  a  great  height.  The  level  part  is 
an  orchard  of  ail  the  tropical  fruit  trees,  and 
the  borders  are  appropriated  to  cocoa-nuts; 
hogs  and  poultry  are  in  great  plenty.  The 
injiabiiants  are  like  thofc  of  Carnicobar. 
Lcng.  93.  30.  E.  Lat.  8.  27.  N. 

Cho-ivfa)-,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Dewah.  4  miles  S. 
Buxar. 

Chov:ia,z  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bengal. 
36  miles  SW.  Moorihedabad. 

Cbo-yang,  a  town  of  China,  of  tJie  third 
rank,  in  the  province  of  Hou-quang.  10 
miles  ENE.  Siang-yang. 

Cb  -.ynicza,  a  town  ot  Pruflia,  in  Pomere- 
lia.     30  miles  SSW.  Dantzic. 

Cbozevka,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the  river 
Tchiuna.     180  miles  ESE.  Enifeifk. 

Chraji,  a  town  of  Byhcmia,  in  the  circle 
of  Boledau.     6  miles  SE.  Melnik. 

Chraji,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Chrudim.     5  miles  SE.  Chrudim. 

Chrebet  Cb'andahga,  a  range  of  mountains 
betv/een  Ruffia  and  Chinele  Tartary.  Long. 
96.  to  lor.  E.  Lat,  52.  N. 

Cbrchst  Dijjak,  a  range  of  mountains  be- 
tween Ruilian  Tartary  and  Chinefe  Tartary. 
Long.  96.  E.  Lat.  52.  to  S3'  N. 

Cbrejhiay  a  town  of  Iftna.  9  miles  ESE. 
Capo  d'iftria. 

Chrcmmtz,  fee  Cremritz. 

Chrifacrat  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     4  miles  NNE.  Cirella. 

Cbrijtbiug,  or  Ki/cbpork,  a  town  of 
Prullia,  in  the  government  of  Maritiiburg. 
12  miles  SE.  Marienburg,  20  S.  Elbing. 
Long.  10-  13-  E-  ^^^'  US'  54- N. 

Ci^rl''i;urg,  (.'///,)  a  town  of  PrufTia.  7 
miles  SE.  ciiriftburg. 

ChrijLburch,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Halts,  lituated  at  the  conJiex  of 
the  Avon  and  the  Siour,  about  three  miles 
from  the  fea;  a  corporation  a:id  .a  Uirough 
town,  lending  two  members  to  parlianica:. 
Here  isa  good  f.dmon  ftihery;  tr  principal 
tra.Ie  is  in  knit  liU:  ftockings,  aud  v/atch- 
cliains.    It  has  a  f.nill  barred  haven,  into  ■ 


C  H  R 


C  H  R 


■wliich  fmall  veiTels  may  go  at  high  water. 
In  1801,  it  contained  1410  iniiabitants.  The 
market  is  on  Monday,  iz  miles  E.  Poole, 
loi  "VVSW.  London.  Loi:g,  i.  46.  W.  hat, 
50.  44-  N. 

Ckrijldala,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the 
province  of  Smaland.     48  m.  N.  Calmar. 

CkriJJc's,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  th-e 
county  of  Henneberg.  4  miles  E.  Wa- 
fungen. 

Ckrijllanpreis,  or  Chrijllan  Per'ies,  a  fort 
of  the  dutchy  of  Holflein,  erected  by  Chrif- 
tian  IV.  to  defend  the  town  of  Kiel.  6  m. 
N.  Kiel. 

CkrijVian  Sound,  a  large  arm  of  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  north  of  Cape  Decilion.  Lo7!g. 
2.35.  50.  E.  Z/^/.  56.  13.  N. 

Cbrijliana,  a  town  of  United  America, 
in  the  Hate  of  Delaware,  founded  by  the 
Swedes.     7  miles  SW.  Wilmington. 

Chrifdana  Great,  a  fmall  iiland  in  the 
Grecian  Archipelago.  9  miles  SW.  Santo- 
oini.     Long. -2.^.  15.  E.  Lat.  36.  ao.  N. 

ChriJIianaLittlf-,  an  ifletorrock  near  the 
fouth-cait  coafl  of  Great  Chrifliana. 

ChrijVuinia,  a  city  and  feaport  of  Nor- 
way, in  thegovernmentof  Agerhuus,  fltuated 
in  a  bay  or  gulf,  about  25  miles  from  the 
fca.  It  is  eftecmed  the  capital  of  the  king- 
dom, becaufe  the  fupreme  court  of  judica- 
ture is  held  here.  It  is  divided  into  three 
parts,  the  city  and  fuburbs,  the  fortrefs  of 
Agerhuus,  and  the  old  town  of  Opflo,  or 
Anflo ;  the  city  and  fjburbs  contain  iioo 
houfts,  and  Opflo  400 ;  the  number  of 
inhabitants  is  eflimated  at  9000.  Opfio  was 
burned  in  the  year  1624,  and  the  city,  on 
being  rebuilt,  obtained  the  name  of  Chriili- 
ania.  It  is  the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  who  is  me- 
tiopolitan  of  Norway.  It  has  as  excellent 
harbour;  the  principal  exports  are  tar,  foap, 
iron,  copper,  planks,  and  deals.  The  en- 
virons of  Chrifliania  not  yielding  planks  fuf- 
ficient  for  exportation,  the  greateib  part  of 
the  timber  is  brought  from  the  more  inland 
parts.  The  trees  arc  hewn  in  the  foreils, 
and  floated  dov/n  the  rivers  and  cataradls. 
Saw-mills  are  ufed  for  the  purpoie  of  cutting 
the  planks,  but  muftbe  privileged,  andean 
only  cut  a  certain  quantity.  The  proprietors 
are  bound  to  declare  on  oath  that  they  have 
not  exceeded  that  quantity  5  and  if  they  dc, 
the  privilege  is  taken  away,  and  the  faw-mill 
■deftroyed.  There  are  136  privileged  faw- 
niiils  at  Chrifliania,  of  which  ico  belong  to 
the  fiimily  of  the  Ankers.  The  quantity 
.of  planks  permitted  to-be  cut  amounts  to 
2P,ooo,ooo  ftandard  deals,  twelve  feetlong, 
jind  one  inch  and  a  quarter  thick.  Long. 
JO.  S4'  £•  Lat.  $().  56.  N. 

ChtijUanople,  or  Ckr}JHan:hd,  a  feaport 
town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province  of  Elekin- 
gen,  on  the  Baltic,  built  by  Chriflian  IV. 
icing  of  DcmiKuk,    and  by  the   treaty  of 


Rofchild,  in  1688,  ceded  to  Sweden.  Long, 
le.'E.Lat.^e.  15.  N. 

Cbrifiianfand,  a  feaport  town  of  Nor- 
way, capita!  of  the  govei  nment  of  Ager- 
huus, oppofite  the  ifland  of  Fleckeren ;  built 
by  Chriflian  IV.  about  the  year  1642.  It  is 
the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  and  refidence  of  the 
governor,  the  htuation  is  convenient,  and  it 
has  fome  trade  in  timiber.  Long.  8.  12.  E. 
Lat.  s%.  II.  N. 

Ckrijliunjhnrg,  a  fortrefs  of  Africa,  on 
the  Gold  Coair,  belonging  to  Denmark.  It 
was  taken  by  the  Negroes  in  1693,  who  pil- 
laged it,  and  kept  it  for  fome  time. 

Chrijllanjfoc,  a  fortrefs  of  Denmark,  built 
on  a  rock,  on  the  eaft  coafl  of  the  ifland  of 
Bornholni. 

ChriJUanJlad,  a  tov/n  of  the  ifland  of 
Santa  Cruz,  in  the  Wefl-Iridies,  defendtd 
by  a  fortrefs  on  the  north  coafl.  Long.  63, 
23.  W.  Lat.  17.  46.  N. 

Chrifiianjladt,  a.  town  of  Sv/eden,  in  the 
province  of  Schonen  ;  built  by  Chiiflian 
IV.  king  of  Denmark,  when  the  country 
v/as  in  the  power  of  tliat  crown,  to  guard 
againfl  the  irruption  of  the  Swedes  ;  but  in 
1658,  it  was  reflored  to  Sweden  by  the  treaty 
of  Rofchild.  The  town  is  ihiall,  but  weil 
built,  and  flrongly  fortified;  the  houfes  are 
all  of  brick,  and  moftly  fluccoed  white.  It 
ftands  in  a  marfliy  plain,  clofe  to  the  river 
Helge-a,  which  flows  into  the  Baltic  at  Ahus, 
about  the  diflance  of  20  miles,  and  is  na- 
vigable only  for  fmall  craft  of  feven  tons 
burden.  Engliih  vefTels  annually  refort  to 
this  port  for  alum,  pitch,  and  tar.  The  in- 
habitants have  manufaflures  of  cloth  and 
filken  ftufFs;  and  carry  on  a  fmall  degree 
of  commerce.  57  miles  W.  Carlfcrona. 
Long.  13.  57.  E.  Lat.  56.  3.  N. 

Chriillajifladt,  a  town  of  Lufatia,  on  the 
wefl  fide  of  the  Bcber.  32  miles  V/.  Glo- 
gau,  j4  NE.  Drefden.  Long.  15.  15.  E. 
Lat.  51.  52.  N. 

Ckrljlianjund,  a  feaport  town  of  Nor>vayj 
in  the  ifland  of 'FofTen,  with  a  commodious 
harbour  and  wharf.  The  chief  trade  is  in 
timber.     36  miles  NVv''.  Drontheim. 

Chrijlie's  IJland,  one  of  the  Aladin  Iflands, 
in  the  Mergui  Archipelago,  of  an  oval  form, 
and  10  miles  in  circumference.  Lat.i^.xii.l^l. 

CkrijlisrvJ s   Sea,  fee  Baffin' s  Bay. 

Ckr'!jlkrn''s  Straits,  fee  Hudfo?i's  Straits. 

Chrtjlignctk,-A.  river  of  Wales,' which  runs 
into  the  Dee  in  Denbighfliire. 

Chrijlina,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Tavafl- 
land.     82  miles  ENE.  Tavafthus. 

Chrijliv.a,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Savolax.  50  nules  WSW.  Nyflot, 
160  ENE  Abo. 

Chrijlinekavtn,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the 
province  of  Warmcland,  on  l;d<.e  Wenner. 
16  miles  E.  CarUhad.  Long.  13-  48,  E. 
Lat,  SO-  so-  N, 


C  H  R 

Chr'tjilnejladt.,  a  feaporttown  of  Sweden, 
in  the  province  of  Ealt  Bothnia,  and  jjo- 
vernment  of  Vaf?,  buiJt  in  the  year  1649,  by 
Count  Pehr  Brahe,  from  whofe  wife  it  was 
named.  $$  miles  SSW.  Vafa.  Long.  %\,  9. 
E.  Lat.  62.  16.  N. 

ChriJUfca,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate ofBratlaw.     44  miles  SSW.  Braclaw. 

Chrijhnas  Harbour,  a  good  and  iate  bay, 
-on  the  north  coall  of  Kerguelen's  Land. 
This  harbour  was  fo  called  by  Captain  Cook, 
who  arrived  at  it  on  the  25  th  of  December, 
1776.  But  it  had  before  been  difcovcred  by 
Monfieur  de  Kergu'"lcn,  who  called  it  the 
Bale  df  rOifeau.  I  found  the  Ihore,  fays 
Captain  Cook,  in  a  manner  covered  with 
penguins  and  other  birds,  and  fcals.  Thefe 
latter  were  not  numerous,  but  fo  infeniible 
of  fear,  (which  plainly  indicated  that  they 
were  unaccuilomed  to  fuch  vilitors,)  tiiac 
we  killed  as  many  as  we  chofe,  for  the  fake 
of  their  fat  or  blubber  to  make  oil  for  our 
lamps  and  other  ufes.  Frefh  water  was  in 
no  lefs  plenty  than  birds;  for  every  guUey 
afforded  a  large  llream.  But  not  a  lingle 
tree  or  flirub,  or  tlie  leaft  fign  of  any,  was 
to  be  difcovered,  and  but  very  little  herbage 
of  any  fort.  The  people  having  wrought 
hard  the  tv/o  preceding  days,  and  nearly 
completed  our  water,  which  we  filled  from 
a  brook  at  the  left  corner  of  the  beach,  I 
allowed  them  the  27th  as  a  day  of  reft  to 
celebrate  Chriftmas.  Upon  this  indulgence, 
many  of  them  went  on  Ihore,  and  made  ex- 
curfions  in  different  diredions  into  the 
country,  which  they  found  barren  and  de- 
folatein  the  higheft degree.  Intheevenining 
one  of  them  brought  me  a  quart  bottle 
which  he  had  found  faflened  with  a  wire  to 
a  projedting  rock  on  the  north  fide  of  the 
harbour.  The  bottle  contained  a  piece  of 
parchment,  on  which  was  written  the  fol- 
lowing inlcription, 

"  Ludovico  XF.  Galliarmn  rege,  et  d. 
"  de  Boynes  regi  a  Jecretis  ad  res 
"  marit'nnast  annis  i-j-jzet  1773." 
From  thisinfcription  it  appears  that  we  were 
not  the  fufl  Europeans  who  had  been  in  this 
harbour.  As  a  memorial  of  our  haying 
been  here,  I  wrote  on  the  other  fide  of  the 
parchment.  Naves  Refoluthn  etDifcovery  de 
rege  Magna  Britannia,  Decemhris  177^'- 
I  then  put  it  again  into  a  bottle,  together  with 
a  filver  twopenny  piece  of  1772,  and  having 
covered  its  mouth  with  a  leaden  cap,  I  placed 
it  on  a  pile  of  ftones,  eredted  for  the  pur- 
pofe  on  a  little  eminence  on  the  north  Ihore 
of  the  harbour,  near  the  place  where  it  wan 
iirfl  found.  It  is  the  firft  or  northernmoft 
inlet  that  we  met  with  on  the  fouth-eafl  fide 
of  the  northern  point  of  this  land .  Its  litu- 
ation  iufficlently  diftinguilhes  it  from  any 
of  the  other  inlets ;  and  to  make  it  more 
remarkable,  its  ibuth  point  terminates  in  a 
Vol.  I.  PP 


C  II  R 

high  rock,  which  is  perforated  quite  through, 
lo  as  to  appear  like  the  arch  of  a  bridgc- 
Wc  law  none  like  this  upon  t!ie  whole  coalt. 
The  harbour  has  another  diltinguilhing 
mark  within  from  a  lingle  itone  or  rock, 
of  a  valt  fize,  which  lies  on  the  top  of  a 
hill  on  the  fouth  liJe.  There  is  a  fmall 
beach  at  its  bonom,  where  we  commorly 
'anded ;  and  behind  it  fome  gently  riling 
ground,  on  the  top  of  wliich'  is  a  large  pool 
of  frefn  water,  l^ie  land  on  botii  fid..-s  of 
the  inlet  is  higli,  and  runs  into  well  and 
well-north-welf,  about  two  miles.  Its  breadth 
is  one  mile  and  a  quarter  f(jr  more  than 
half  its  length,  above  which  it  is  only  half 
a  mile.  The  depth  of  water,  which  is  45 
fuhoms  at  the  entrance,  varies  as  we  pro- 
ceed farther  in,  from  30  to  5  and  4  fathoms. 
The  ihores  are  Iteop,  and  tlie  bottom  is 
every  where  a  fine  dark  fand,  exci.pt  in  ibm'e 
places  clofe  to  the  fhore,  where  there  are 
beds  of  lea-weed,  which  always  grows  on 
rocky  ground.  The  head  of  the  harbour 
lies  open  o.ilyto  two  points  of  the  compafs; 
and  even  thefe  are  covered  by  iflands  in  the 
offing,  fo  that  no  fea  cm  fall  in  to  hurt  a 
fhip.  The  appearances  on  Ihore  confirmed 
this;  tor  we  found  grais  growing  clofe  to 
high-water  mark,  which  is  a  fure  fign  of  a 
pacific  harbour.  Lofig.  69.  4.  E.  Lat. 
48.  41.  S. 

Ckrijlmas  IJlar.d,  an  ifland  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  about  fifteen  or  twenty  leagues  in 
circumference,  difcovered  by  Captiin  Cook, 
on  the  24th  of  December  1777.  The  foil 
in  fome  places  is  light  and  black,  evidently 
compofed  of  decayed  vegetables,  the  dung 
of  birds,  and  fand.  There  are  other  places 
again,  wher.-  nothing  but  marine  produc- 
tions, fuch  as  broken  coral  ffones  and  fnells, 
are  to  be  feen.  Thefe  aredepolitedin  long 
narrow  ridges,  parallel  with  the  fea  coalb, 
not  unhke  a  ploughed  field.  This  fecms  to 
furnilh  an  inconteftible  proof  that  the  ifland 
has  beea  produced  by  accelfions  from  tlie 
fea,  and  is  in  a  Hate  of  incieafe;  for  not 
only  the  broken  pieces  of  coral,  but  many 
of  the  Ihells  are  too  large  and  heavy  to  have 
been  brought  by  any  birds  from  the  beach 
to  the  places  where  they  now  lie.  No  frefh 
water  could  be  found,  though  frequently 
dug  for.  But  there  are  ievcral  ponds  of 
fait  water  without  any  vilible  communication 
with  the  fea,  which  mufl  in  all  probability 
be  filled  by  the  water  filtrating  through  the 
fand  in  high  tides.  There  are  no  traces  of 
inhabitants,  nor  indeed  are  there  any  vilible 
means  of  allaying  thiifl,  or  any  vegetable 
that  could  fapply  the  place  of  bread,  or  cor- 
re6t  the  bad  effctfts  of  animal  diet ;  for  there 
are  plenty  of  birds  and  fiih.  On  the  whole 
idand  there  were  only  thirty  cocoa-rrees, 
and  thole  with  very  little  fruit  and  that  bad. 
So  tlut  a  fhip  touching  here  mult  cxpeA 


C  H  R 

nothing  but  fifli  and  turtles,  and  of  ttiefe 
an  abundant  fupply  may  be  depended  upon. 
On  fome  parts  of  the  land  were  a  few  low 
trees,  under  which  fat  infinite  numbers  of 
a  new  fpecies  of  tern  or  egg-bird.  Thefe 
are  black  above  and  white  below,  with  a 
white  arch  on  the  forehead;  and  are  rather- 
larger  than  the  common  noddy.  There 
were  alfo  a  good  many  common  boobies; 
a  fort  ahnoft  like  a  gannet;  and  a  footy  or 
chocolate  coloured  one  with  a  white  belly. 
To  this  lift  we  muft  add  men-of-war  birds, 
tropic  birds,  curlews,  find-pipers,  a  fmall 
land  bird  like  a  hedge-fparrow,  land- crabs, 
fniall  lizards,  and  rats.  Chriftmas  ifland, 
like  moft  others  in  this  ocean,  is  bounded, 
by  a  reef  of  coral  rocks,  which  extend  but 
a  little  way  from  the  Ihore.  Farther  out 
than  this  reef,  on  the  weft  fide,  is  a  bank  of 
fine  fand  extending  a  mile  into  the  fea;  on 
this  bank  is  good  anchorage  in  any  depth 
between  eighteen  and  thirty  fathoms.  In 
lefs  than  the  lirft-mentioned  depth,  the  reef 
would  be  too  near:  and  in  more  than  the 
laft,  the  edge  of  the  bank  would  not  be  at 
a  fufficient  diftance.  Long,  aij.  ^■i.  E. 
Lat.  59.  57.  N. 

Chr:j}?7ias  Sound,  a  bay  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Terra  del  Fiiego,  fo  named  by  Captain 
Cook,  who  pafTed  here  the  25  th  of  Decem- 
ber 1774,  on  his  return  from  liis  fecond 
voyage.  A  copious  defcription  of  this  found, 
fays  Captain  Cook,  is  unnecefTary,  as  few 
would  be  benefited  by  it.  Anchorage,  tufts 
of  wood,  and  frefn  water,  will  be  found  in 
all  the  coves  and  harbours.  I  would  advife 
no  one  to  anchor  very  near  the  ftiore,  for 
the  fake  of  having  a  moderate  depth  of  wa- 
ter; becaufe  there  I  generally  found  a  rocky 
bottom.  The  refrefliments  to  be  got  here 
are  precarious,  as  they  confift  chiefly  of 
wild  fowl,  and  may  probably  never  be  found 
in  fuch  plenty  as  to  fupply  the  crew  of  a 
fhip;  and  fiih,  fo  far  as  we  can  judge,  are 
fcarce.  Indeed  the  plenty  of  wild  fowl 
made  us  pay  lefs  attention  to  fifliing.  Here 
are,  however,  plenty  of  niufcles,  not  very 
large,  but  well  taftedj  and  very  good  celery 
is  to  be  met  with  on  feveral  of  the  low  iflets, 
and  where  the  natives  have  their  habitations. 
The  wild  fov/1  are  geefe,  ducks,  lea-pies, 
ihags,  and  that  kind  of  gull  called  Port- 
Egmont  hen.  Here  is  a  kind  of  duck  called 
by  our  people  race-horfes,  on  account  of  the 
great  fwiftnefs  with  which  they  run  on  the 
water,  for  they  cannot  fly,  the  wings  being 
too  Ihort  to  fupport  the  body  in  the  air.  The 
geefe  are  much  fmaller  than  theEnglifh  tame 
geefe,  but  cat  as  well  as  any  I  ever  tailed; 
They  have  iholt  black  bills  and  yellow  feet; 
the  g-ander  is  all  v/hite ;  the  female  is  fpotted 
hiack  and  white,  or  grey,  with  a  large 
white  fpot  oti  e;ich  wing.  Belides  the  bird 
£bQve-m*nuontd,    here  are  feverul  other 


C  HR 

aquatiff  and  fome  land  ones;  but  of  th^ 
latter  not  many.  Barren  as  the  country  is, 
many  unknown  plants  were  difcovered  by 
Mr.  Forfter.  The  tree  producing  winter's 
bark  is  found  in  the  woods,  as  hkewife  the 
holly-leaved  barberry.  The  inhabitants  are 
the  fame  which  Mr.  Bougainville  called 
Pecharas,  a  word  conflantly  in  their  mouths. 
They  are,  according  to  Capt.  Cook,  a  little, 
ugly,  half-ftarved,  beardlefs  race;  hefaw  not 
a  tall  perfon  araongft  them.  They  were 
almoft  naked ;  their  clothing  was  a  feal- 
flcin ;  fome  had  two  or  three  fewed  together, 
fo  as  to  make  a  cloak  which  reached  to  the 
knees,  but  the  moft  of  them  had  only  one 
fl<in,  hardly  enough  to  cover  their  Ihoulders, 
and  all  their  lower  parts  were  quite  naked. 
The  women  he  was  told,  cover  their  naked- 
nefs  with  the  flap  of  a  feal-fl<in,  but  in  other 
refpedts  are  clothed  like  the  men.  They, 
as  well  as  the  children,  remained  in  the  ca- 
noes. Captain  Cook  faw  two  young  chil- 
dren at  the  breaft  entirely  naked;  thus  they 
are  inured  from  their  infancy  to  cold  and 
hardfliips.  They  had  with  them  bows  and 
arrows,  and  darts,  or  rather  harpoons,  made 
of  bone,  and  fitted  to  a  ftafF,  probably  in- 
tended to  kill  feals  and  fifli;  they  may  alfo 
kill  whales  with  them,  as  the  Efquimaux  do. 
Captain  Cook  does  not  know  if  they  re- 
femble  them  in  their  love  of  train  oil ;  but 
they  and  every  thing  they  had,  fmelt  in- 
tolerably of  it,  he  gave  them  fome  bifcuits, 
but  did  not  obferve  them  very  fond  of 
them.  They  were  much  better  pleafed 
with  fome  medals,  knives,  &c.  Their  ca- 
noes were  made  of  bark;  and  in  each  was 
a  fire,  over  which  the  poor  creatures  hud- 
dled themfelves.  Of  all  nations  thefe  feeni 
to  be  the  moft  wretched  ;  they  are  doomed 
to  live  in  one  of  the  moft:  inhofpitable  cli- 
mates in  the  world,  without  having  fagacity 
enough  to  provide  themfelves  with  fuch  con- 
veniencies  as  may  render  life  in  fome  mea- 
fure  more  comfortable.  Long,  of  the  en- 
trance, 70.  16.  W.  Lat.  55.  27.  S. 

Chrijhfhar,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Sandomirz.  16  miles  SSW. 
Sandomirz. 

Chrijhrf,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Bolellau.     6  miles  SSW.  Krottau. 

Chroherg,  a  town  of  Poland  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Sandomirz.    52  m.  W.  Sandomirz. 

Chroina,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which  runs 
into  the  Frozen  Sea,  Long.  139.  14.  E. 
Lat.  73.  N. 

Cbrudhn,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  and  ca- 
pital of  a  circle  of  the  fame  name;  fituated 
on  a  river  called  Chrudimka.  The  circle 
contains  "^t,  towns :  it  is  principally  re- 
markable for  the  great  number  ef  lilh-ponds. 
and  an  excellent  breed  of  horfes.  100  m. 
SE.  Drefden,  50  E.  Prague.  Long.  ij. 
40  Ji.  Lat,  49-  ro^  ^' 


C  H  u 

Chrv.dhnka,  a  river  of  Bohemia,  which 
runs  into  the  Elbe,  near  Pitddubitz. 

Ckvalinjk,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Ruffia,  in 
the  government  cf  Saratov,  on  the  Volga. 
350  miles  SE.  Peterlburg.  Long.  48.  E. 
Lat.  52.  45.  N. 

Chitapay  a  town  of  Chili,  on  a  river  of 
the  fame  name.     60  miles  SSE.  Coquimbo. 

Chuapa,  a  river  of  Chili,  which  runs  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  I.at.  31.  16.  S. 

Chuar,  a  town  ofHindooftan,in  Guzerat. 
35  miles  SE.  Puttan  Sumnaut. 

Chubonian,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  La- 
hore,    .^a  miles  W.  Firofepour. 

Chuckerdavj,  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  miles 
SE.  Curruckdeah. 

Ghuckerya,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  inBen- 
gal.    42  miles  S.  Iflamabad. 

Chiickgrco-,  or  AiJiriafur,  a  town  of  Hin- 
dooftan, in  Lahore.  22  miles  SW.  Callanore. 

Chuck7?mjjy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bahar.     11  miles  W.  Durbungah. 

Chuckrahatta^  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  circar  of  Ruttunpour.  32  miles  SW. 
Ruttunpour. 

Chiicknjjah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.    13  miles  SE.  Bahar. 

Chiicuito,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
Peru,  under  the  government  of  Buenos 
Ayres,  and  in  the  diocefe  of  La  Paz,  on 
Lake  Titiaca,  called  alio  the  Lake  of  Chu- 
cuito.  175  miles  S.  Cufco.  Long.  70.  26. 
W.  Z-<7/.  16.S. 

Chudaly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guze- 
rat.  40  miles  WNW.  Gogo. 

Chudetiitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Pilfen.  8  miles  SE.  Teinitz. 

Chudkighy  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Devon,  with  a  weekly  market  on 
Saturday.  The  woollen  manufaclure  is  car- 
ried on  in  this  town.  In  1801,  the  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  were  1786,  and  570  em- 
ployed. Of  300  houfes  of  which  the  town 
■was  compofed,  180  were  in  a  few  hours 
deftroyed  by  a  fire  which  broke  out  in 
the  morning  of  May  22d,  1807:  the  lofs, 
including  furniture,  exceeded  70jOcol.  9 
miles  WSW.  Exeter,  183  W.  London. 
Long.  3.  ZS-  ^'  Lat.  50.  36.  N. 

Chuganferai,  a  tovm  of  Candahar,  on 
a  river  of  the  fame  name.  80  miles  NE. 
Cabul.  Long.  70.  8.  E.  Lat.  34-  55-  .N. 

Chuganferai,  a  river  which  rifes  in  the 
Kuttore  country,  and  runs  into  the  Kameh, 
near  Jalalabad,  in  Cabuliftan. 

Chuilla,  a  tovv^n  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Chiapa.  130  miles  SE.  Chiapa  dos 
Efpagnols. 

Chtikanvs,  an  Indian  village  of  Weft- 
Florida,  near  the  Apalachicola.  Long.  84. 
57.  W..Zrr/.  31.52.  N.  ^    .,     .  . 

Chukctskijah,  a  province  of  Siberia,  and 
the  moft  ea'fterly  of  the  dominions  of  Ruf- 
lia,  extending  from  the  ij7th  to  the  189th 

P  P  a 


C  H  U 

degree  ofE.  Long,  and  from  63»-to  -'\.  zo, 
N.  Lat. 

Chuld'JItm,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Farfiftan. 
60  miles  SSE.  Ifpahan. 

Chilli,  fee  XulL^ 

Chulutcca,  or  Xo-^,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
in  the  province  of  Guatiniala,  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  river  Fonfcca.  Long.  90.  W, 
Lat.  13.  20.  N. 

Chidyniijfer,  atown  of  Hindooftan,  inCan- 
deidi.     30  miles  S.  Indore. 

Chulm,  or  Cidin.,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
in  the  circle  of  Saatz.     6  miles  NR.  E,c;er. 

Chuvi  Creek,  a  river  of  Virgini.i,  which 
runs  into  the  Chefapeak,  Loi:g.  76.  14. 
W.  Lat  39.  2a.  N. 

Chiwiarly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gu- 
zenit.     20  miles  W.  Gogo. 

Chumhivilcas,  a  jurifdiJl'on  of  Soiith- 
America,  in  Peru,  near  90  miles  in  extent, 
with  fome  mines  of  gold  and  (ilver.  The 
foil  is  fertile,  and  produces  corn  and  pafturc 
for  cattle  in  the  gieateft  plenty. 

Chumhivilcas-,  fee   Chalvanca. 

Chianhidl,  a  river  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  ofAgra,  which  runs  into  the  Jumna, 
20  miles  SE.Etiiya. 

Chinnka,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
60  miles  NNW.  Bettyar. 

Chinnteigh,  or  Chinikigh,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  of  Devon,  with  a  weekly 
market  on  Wedncfdays.  Li  1801,  it  had 
1333  inhabitants.  20  miles  NW.  Exeter, 
193  W.  London. 

Chtpupa,  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  miles  S. 
Palamow. 

Chumpagaiit,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  a 
mountainous  pafs.     27  miles  N.  Ganjam. 

Ckiunpcrpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  6  miles 
W.  Boglipour. 

Chumra,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  OrifTa. 
45  miles  E.  Boad. 

Chunmlarse,  a  mountain  of  Thibet,  held 
facred  by  the  Gentoos.  7  m.  NE.  Paridfong. 

Chiinacally,  a  finall  province  of  Bengal, 
bounded  on  the  north  and  eaft  by  Raujeihy, 
on  the  Ibuth  by  Kiihenagur,  an'd  i^n  die  well 
by  Futtafing  and  Raujefliy.  Co/Fimbuzar  is 
the  chief  town. 

Chitnah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  ViG- 
apour.     5  miles  W.  Poonah. 

Chunar,  a  circar  or  province  of  Hindoo- 
ftan, in  Allahabad;  bounded  on  the  north  by 
Benares,  on  the  eail  by  Shawabad  and  Kotas, 
on  the  fouth  by  the  circurs  of  Singrowia  and 
Chandail,  and  on  the  weft  by  Boggilcund; 
about  60  miles  long,  and  32  broad.  Chu- 
nargur  is  the  capiuii. 

Chunargur,  a  fortrefs  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Country  of  Benares,  fituutcd  on  the  fontli 
fide  of  the  Ganges,  on  a  rock,  and  furroundc  i 
with  walls  and  towers;  ceded  to  the  Englijfi 
by  the  Nabob  of  Oude.  13  m.  S.  BcDiires. 
Long.  83.  J.  £.  Lat.  ZS'  10*  ^^' 


c  H  tr 

Chtmauh,  a  river  of  Ada,  anciently  Called 
Acefines,  which  rifes  in  the  mountains,  be- 
tween Hindooftan  and  Thibet,  and  runs  into 
the  Indus,  20  miles  W.  Moultan. 

ChuTiau-gaiit,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  circar  ot  Gohud,  on  the  Sinde.  15  m. 
NE.  Nawa. 

Chmichei ,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Singrowla.     10  miles  S.  Saipour._ 

Chunchii?2pour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.     30  miles  SE.  Goorackpour. 

Chimdaid,  a  town  of  Bengal,  az  miles 
WNW.  Ramgur. 

Chimdipora,  a  town  of  Bengal.  48  miles 
SSW.  Dacca. 

Chimdli,  a  fmall  province  of  Benpal, 
bounded  on  the  weft  by  Raujeftiy,  and  elfe- 
where  by  Bettooriah. 

Chundfah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  5  miles  S. 
Toree. 

Chmdual,  a  town  of  Bengal.  10  miles 
S.  Nattore. 

Chundula,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Sohagepour.  28  m.  N.  Sohagepour. 
Chicndu?!,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Vifia- 
pour.     ID  miles  N.  Sattarah. 

Ckimg,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Pe-tche-li.  20  miles  NE.  Peking, 

Chun-king,  a  city  of  China,  of  the  firft 
rank,  in  Se-tchuen.  760  miles  SSW.  Peking. 
Long.  105.  44.  E.  Lat.  30.  50.  N. 

Chmi-lieou,  a  town  ofAfia,   in  the  king- 
dom of  Corea.  25  miles  ENE.  Koan-tcheou. 
Chun-ngany  a  town   of  China,   of  the 
third  rank,  in  Tche-kiang.     ■^i   '^i'^s  N. 
Kiu-tcheou. 

Chun-ning,  a  city  of  China,  of  the  firft 
rank,  in  Yun-nan.  420  miles  SW.  Peking. 
Long.  99.  44.  E.  Lat.  24.  37.  N. 

Chun-tchan,  a  town  of  China,  in  the  third 

rank,  in  Fokien.     20  m.  WNVV.  Yen-ping. 

Chun-tchuen,  a  town  of  Afia,  in  the  king- 

■   dom  of  Corea.  22  miles  SE.Han-tcheou. 

Chnnte,  a  city  of  China,  of  the  firft  rank, 

in  Pc-tche-Ii.      200  miles  NNW.  Peking. 

Long.  114.  19.  E.  Lat.  37.  5.  N. 

Chun-ticny  a  tovn  ofAfia,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Corea.  27  miles  SSE.Koang-tcheou. 
Chim-yan,  a  town  of  Afia,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Corea.     25  miles  S.  Han-tcheou. 

Chuniiapunnay  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Malwa.     14  miles  E.  Sagur. 

Chunqucn,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,near  the  coaft  of  Chili.  Lat. 1^1^.  50.  S. 
Chtinquinga,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  bifliop- 
rlc  of  Cufco.     100  miles  W.  Lampa. 

Chuppaleah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles 
SE.  Nattore.  _      ' 

Chupparah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Goondwanah.     56  miles  N.  Ramteak. 

Chupraht  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  and  ca- 
pital of  the  province  of  Sarun,  in  Bahar.  95 
miles  ENE.  Benares,  272  NW.  Calcutta. 
Ling.Z\-  56.  W.  Lat,  25-  47-  N. 


CHU 

Chuprah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
48  miles  SE.  Goorackpour. 

Chuprah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Candeifh  country.  50  miles  W.  Burham- 
pour,  1 12  SSW.  Indore.  Lotig.  75.  22.  E. 
Lat.  21.  18.  N. 

Cbuquinga,   a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  dio- 
eefe  of  Guamanga.  120  miles  S.  Guamanga, 
Chuquifaca,  fee  La  Plata. 
Chura,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guzerat. 
70  miles  SW.  Amedabad. 

Churacooty,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Orifla.     38  miles  SSW.  Balafore. 

Churacooty,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  la 
Bengal.     34  miles  WSW.  Midnapour. 

Cht'.ramiind,  a  town  of  Bengal,  and  prin- 
cipal place  in  the  province  of  Delawrpour. 
40  miles  SE.  Purneah,  72  N.  Mooriliedabad. 
Long.  88.  16.  E.  Lat.  25.  26.  N. 

Churan,  a  town  of  Bengal.  10  miles 
SW.  Dacca. 

Churaquer,  a  town  of  Armenia.  48  miles 
W.  Erivan. 

C/;Mr<3/c/^,atown  of  Arabia.  44m.S.Saade. 
Churau,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Alla- 
habad.    52  miles  WNW.  Corah. 

CInirbar,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  a  bay  of  the 
Arabian  fea,  on  the  coaft  of  Mecran.  77  m, 
S.  Kidge.  Long.  60.  3.  E.  Lat.  25.  20.  N. 
Churcar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bun- 
delcund,  on  the  Jumna.  40  m.  N.  Callinger. 
ChurcBBay,  a  bay  of  the  illand  of  Rathlin, 
near  the  north-eaft  extremity  of  Ireland. 

Church  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  Currituck  ' 
Sound,  near  the  coaft  of  North-Carolina, 
Long.  76.  8.  W.  Lat.  36.  22.  N. 

Church  Point,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Barbadoes.     1  mile  N.  Hole  Town. 

Church  Rock,  a  rock  in  the  bay  of  Bengal, 
near  the  coaft  of  Ava.  Long.  94.  14.  E. 
Lat.  17.  32.  N. 

CImrch  Stretton,^  town  of  England,  fitu- 
ated  in  the  moft  hilly  part  of  ShropOiire, 
where  innumerable  flocks  of  iheep  are  kept. 
The  principal  manufadure  is  making  coarf« 
cloth  for  the  packing  of  hops  and  wool.  In 
1801,  it  contained  924  inhabitants.  13  mile: 
S.  Shrewfbury,  153  NW.  London. 

Churchill,  a  town  of  United  America,  ir 

the  ftate  of  Maryland.     65  miles  SSW.  Phi. 

ladelphia.  Long.  76.  10.  W.  Lat.  39.  5.N 

Churchill,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  Virginia. 

on  the  Rappahanock.  8  miles  SE.  Urbanna. 

Churchil  River,  z  river  of  North- Americaj 

which  runs  into  Hudfon's  Bay. 

Churchoir,  fee  Chor  EJ}irc. 

Chtirco,   a  town  of  Caramania ;  about  4^ 

miles  from  the  ifland  of  Cyprus. 

Churgcea,  a  town  of  Bengal  Here  is  a  pafi 
acrofs  the  mountains.  14  miles  SW.  Tomar, 
Churn,  a  liver  of  England,  which  rifes 
in  the  village  called  Coberley,  or  Cubberleyj 
3  miles  from  Cheltenham,  in  Glocefterfhirej 
where  it  is  called  Tha7fics  Head,  and  Seven 


C  H  U 

Heads.  At  this  place  are  vlfible  feven 
fprings,  ifluing  out  of  a  hill  on  the  left  hand 
fide  of  the  road  leading  from  Oxford  to 
Glocefter.  All  thefe  fprings  are  near  toge- 
ther ;  the  whole  within  the  compafs  often 
yards.  At  Cricklade  it  is  called  the  Thames. 
Churnct,  a  river  of  England,  which  rifes 
in  StaCbrdfhire,  and  runs  into  the  Dove 

Chuniituck,  a  county  of  United  America, 
in  the  ftate  of  North-Carolina. 

Churfan,  a  town  of  Arabia.  3  a  miles 
NE.  Chamir. 

Churivalden,  a  country  of  Swifferland,  in 
the  league  of  the  Ten  Jurifdidions,  pur- 
chafed  of  the  houfeof  Auftria,  ini649.  The 
Catholic  inhabitants  yet  ufe  the  Old  Calen- 
dar. It  is  named  from  a  village  5  miles  SE. 
Coire. 

Chtirya,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Nagpour.    28  miles  N.  Doefa. 

Chufijlan,  or  Kujijian,  a  province  of  Per- 
fia,  bounded  on  the  northby  the  Irak  Agemi, 
on  the  eaft  by  Farliftan,  on  the  fouth  by  the 
gulf  of  Perfia,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  Tigris, 
which  feparates  it  from  the  Arabian  Irak. 
The  country  is  extenfive,  but  thinly  inhabit- 
ed. It  produces  corn,  rice,  cotton,  fugar, 
tobacco,  and  dates.  The  northern  part  is 
mountainous,  but  the  fouthern  flat  and 
marfliy.  This  country  was  called  by  the 
Greeks  Sujiana,  from  Sufa  the  capital. 

Chujka,  a  town  of  Thibet.  25  miles 
WSW.  Tankia. 

Chut  a,  a  province  of  Bengal,  between 
Ramgur  and  Nagpour. 

Chuta,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
40   miles  ENE.  Gooracpour. 

Chuta  Boggah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the 
province  of  Bettiah.      30  miles  NVV.  Bet- 
tiah,     Lc7ig.  84.  26.  E.  Lat.  26.  si.  N. 
Chutananvar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
I  Bahar.     23  miles  W.  Boujepour. 

Chute,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  Avon,  near  Bath. 

Chutteah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
30  miles  ESE.  Fyzabad. 

Chutteah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
25  miles  NE.  Nagpour. 

Chuttergunge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 

the  province  of  Burdwan.    32  miles  SSW. 

Burdwan.  Long.  87.  38.  E.  Lat.  22.  48.  N. 

Chutterkote,  a  tov/n    of  Hindooftan,  in 

Bundelcund.     26  miles  NE.  Callinger. 

Chuttypaloo,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles 
SSW.  Ramgur. 

Chutypaloo,  a  pafs  of  Bengal  from  the 
province  of  Ramgur  into  the  province  of 
iS'igpour.     10  miles  SW.  Ramgur. 

Chuisjal,  a  circar  of  Hindooftan ;  about 
100  miles  long,  and  from  23  to  4c  broad. 
The  river  Puddar  crofTes  it.  Janagur  ap- 
pears to  be  the  chief  town. 

Chir.':afch,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  begeftan.    70  miles  SE.  Zareng. 


C  I  E 

Chivajlo'vo,^  town  of  Poland,  In  the  pala- 
tinate  ot  Kiev.    40  miles  SSW.  Kiev. 

Chyckendy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.     20  miles  NNW.  Corah. 

C/}ytiepour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  10  miles 
NW.  Palamow. 

Chyrot,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
34  niiles  N.  Durbunguh. 

Chytee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Berar. 
45  miles  S.  Nagpour. 

Ciais,  or  Citais,  a  townof  Mingrelia,  near 
the  Black  fea.     u  miles  S.  Anarghia. 

Cialis,  a  country  of  Independent  Tartary, 
with  a  capital  of  the  liime  name;  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Eluth,  on  th«  eaft  by  fandy 
delerts,  on  the  fouth  by  Grand  Thibet,  and 
on  the  weft  by  Turkeftan. 

Cianganery,  a   town  of  Hindooftan,   in 
the  Carnatic.     ^^  miles  ENE.  Travancore. 
Ciano,  a  town  of  France,  in  »he  depart- 
ment of  the  Dora.     12  miles  SE.  Ivrea. 
CiarnauK,  fee  Czertiaucii. 
Cihalas,  or  Cibola,  a  province  of  North- 
America,    in    New  Mexico,  inhabited  by 
Indians. 

Cibao,  a  mountain  near  the  centre  of  the 
ifland  of  Hifpaniola,  which  abounds  in 
mines  of  gold,  iilver,  and  copper. 

Cibulon,  a  town  of  Thibet.  8  miles  NE. 
Zuenga. 

Cicacica,  a  town  of  South-America,  and 
chief  place  of  a  jurifdidtion  of  the  lame  name, 
in  the  government  of  Buenos  Ayres;  240 
miles  in  extent.    40  miles  NNW.  Oruro. 

Cicacole,:\  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  cir- 
car to  which  it  gives  name,  ijo  miles  NE. 
Rajamundry,  308  E.  Hydrabad,  Long.  84. 
8.E.  Lat.  1S.16.  N. 

Cicacote,  a  circar  of  Hindooftan,  on  the 
north-weft  coaft  of  the  bay  of  Bengal.  150 
miles  in  length,  and  from  joto  30  in  breadth, 
Cklut,  afortrefs  of  Dalmatia,  fituated  in 
an  ifland  formeil  by  the  river  Narenza;  taken 
from  the  Turks  by  the  Venetians  in  the 
year  1694.  5  miles  SW.  Narenza,  40.  N. 
Ragul'a.  Z>(?//f.  18.9.  E.  Lat.4z.s7-  ^. 

Cicoli,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     13  miles  SW.  Cetano. 

Cicolla,  a  river  of  Dalmatia,  which  runs 
into  the  Kerka,  3  miles  N.  Scardona. 
Cidagar,  or  Cidaia,  a  town  of  Java. 
Cidrajjh,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Valteline. 
5  miles  SW.  Sondrio. 

Cieckref,  a  river  which  rifes  in  Poland, 
and  runs  into  the  Dnieper,  28  m.  W.  Kiev. 

Ciekarioiv,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Malbvia.     40  miles  N.  Warfaw. 

Cienegas,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  St.  Martha,  ao  miles  S.  St. 
Martha. 

CiercelUc,  a  mountain  of  Egvpt,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Nile,  once  celebrated  for  its 
m.irble  quarries. 
6V.«N-,  a  town  of  France,  in  department 


C  I  N 

of  the  tfpper  VIenne,  containing  about  1200 
inhab'tants.     13  miles  NW.  Limoges. 

Cifusrdes,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caf- 
tile.     %z  miles  S.  Siguen^a. 

Clgiiano^  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
Orvi=':an.     4  miles  N.  Oorvieto. 

CigziatLtn,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Long.  108.  W.  Lat. 
24.  1.  N. 

Ciha,  a  town  on  the  eafl:  coaft  of  Malacca, 
on  a  ri'r.'r  of  the  fame  name.  Long.  101. 
^o.'E.Lat.  7.  10.  N. 

Ciha,  a  river  of  Malacca,  which  runs 
into  the  Chinefe  fea.  Long.  loi.  z%.  E. 
'L-t.-j.  II.  N. 

Cil'ey,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Stiria,  on 
the  river  Saan,  and  capital  of  a  diftrift, 
which  extends  as  far  as  Pet'aw.  The  inha- 
bitants of  the  town  fpeak  German  and  Scla- 
■vonian,  but  thofe  in  the  vihages  only  the 
latter:  foo^e  authors  are  of  opinion  that  they 
■were  brought  hither  by  the  dukes  of  Bavaria, 
to  oppofe  the  Romans  ;  others  that  they  ef- 
tablilhed  thcmfelves.  Cilley  is  faid  once  to 
have  belonged  to  the  Romans;  after  that  to 
have  been  entirely  deftroyed;  till  given  by 
Loui'^,  the  old  king,  and  duke  of  Bavaria,  to 
Hezillon  duke  of  Moravia,  who  rebuilt  it. 
130  miles  SSW.  Vienna.  Zw;^.  15.  15.  E. 
JLat.  46.  20.  N. 

Cilniy  fee  Silni  Menou, 

Ciloca,  a  town  of  Peru,  on  the  coaft  of 
the  Pacific  Ocean.     40  miles  W.  Arequipa. 

CilongOt  a  province  of  Congo,  near  the 
•Atlsntic. 

Cbuan  Key,  a  fm.all  ifland  in  the  Spanifh 
Main,  near  the  Mofquito  fhore.  Long.  82. 
56.  W.  Lat.  II.  45.  N. 

Cimbergo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Benaco.     4  miles  N.  Breno. 

Cimbrijbamn,  or  Cinibrijhaven,  a  feaport 
of  Sweden,  in  the  province  of  Schonen.  24 
miles  S.  Chriflianftadt. 

Ctnwlof  fee  Argientiera. 

Cin,  or  Cini,  a  town  of  Lower  Siam.  at 
the  mouth  of  a  river  on  the  eaft  coaft.  Long. 
99.  52. E.  Lat.  II.  40.  N. 

Cinaloa,  a  province  of  North-America,  in 
New  Mexico,  lying  between  New  Biicay 
and  the  guif  of  CHlifornia,  difcovered  in  the 
year  1552  by  Nunez  de  Gufman:  the  air  is 
pure  and  healihy,  the  land  good  and  fer- 
tile, producing  abundance  of  maize,  legumes, 
fruits,  and  cotton.  The  natives  are  robufi 
and  warlike,and  were  with  difficulty  brought 
■to  fubmit  to  the  Spaniards  :  they  make  ufe 
of  bows  with  poiibned  arrows,  clubs  of  red 
wood,  and  bucklers. 

-  Cinaloa,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  a 
province  of  the  fame  name.  630  m.  NW. 
Mexico.  Long.  109.  45.  W.  Lat.  26.  25.  N. 

Cinaloa.,  a  river  of  New  Mexico,  which 
yunsintothe  gulfofCalifornia,  Z;?/. 25.40. N. 
'    Qinef,)  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  valley  of 


C  I  o 

Mazara.  Excellent  manna  is  collefled  in  its 
neighbourhood.     20  miles  W.  Palermo. 

Cinapaky  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Mindanao.  Zj;;^.  124.  25.  E.  Lai. 
6.  34-N. 

Cinca,  a  river  of  Spain,  which  rifes  in  the 
Pyrenees,  crofTes  the  province  of  Aragon, 
and  joins  the  Segre  a  little  before  its  union 
■with  the  Ebro. 

Ciney,  lee  Chiney. 

Ci7igolo,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
maiquifate  of  Ancona.  22  miles  SW.  An- 
ana,  72NW.  Fermo. 

Cinkoivicza,z  town  of  Lithuania,  in  pala- 
tinate of  Novogrodek.  25  m.WNW.  Sluck. 

Cinque  Mars,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Indre  and  Loire.  10  mile? 
NW.  Tours. 

Cinque  Ports,  feaports  of  England,  fo 
called,  fituated  on  the  coafts  of  Kent  and 
SulTex:  Dover,  Sandwich,  Haftings,  Hithe, 
Romney,  Winchelfea,  Rye,  and  Seaford. 
They  were  originally  only  five,  the  three 
latter,  which  were  at  firft  only  members, 
having  been  declared  ports  fubfequent  to 
the  firft  inftitution.  They  are  under  a  lord 
warden,  and  were  endowed  with  confider- 
able  privileges,  being  engaged  to  fupply  go- 
vernment with  a  number  of  vefTels  properly 
manned  at  forty  days'  notice,  and  pro- 
vide provifions  and  pay  for  fifteen  days; 
after  which  time,  if  continued  in  fervice, 
the  crew  was  to  be  paid  by  the  king.  The-y 
are  all  borough  towns,  fending  each  two 
members  to  parliament,  under  the  title  of 
Barons  of  the  Cinque  Ports. 

Cinque  Villas,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the 
province  of  Beira.     6  miles  NE.  Almeida. 

CinqueU  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Sumatra, 
on  the  weft  coaft  of  a  river  of  the  fame  name, 

Cinte,  fee  Zinte. 

Cintegabelle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Garonne,  fituated  on 
the  Arriege.     16  miles  S.  To'Joufe. 

Cintra,  a  town'.of  Portugal,  in  Eftrama- 
dura,  fituated  between  the  mountains  of 
Cintra,  anciently  called  the  Mountains  of  the 
Moon,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tagus.  Here 
was  a  palace  built  by  the  Moors,  which  was 
deftroyed  by  an  earthquake  in  the  year  1655, 
and  rebuilt  by  King  Jofeph.  It  contains  1900 
inhabitants.     13  miles  NW.  Lifboh. 

Cintruenigo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre. 
9  miles  NW.  Cafcante. 

Cinzano,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart* 
ment  of  the  Po.     5  miles  SSE.  Chivazzo. 

Ciolaviandala,  fee  Coromandcl. 

Ciopra,  a  town  of  Napaul.  14  miles  SW. 
Nogarcot. 

Ciorlii,  fee  Chiotirle. 

Ciotat,  (La,)  a  feaport  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Mouths  of  the 
Rhone,  fituated  at  the  bottom  of  a  bay  ih 
the  Mediterraneanj  in  a  cou.ntry  which  prp=> 


C  I  R 

duces  delicious  fruit,  oil,  and  excellent  wine 
The  harbour  is  in  the  form  of  a  horlt;-flioe, 
and  defended  with  feveral  forts,  iz  miles 
SE.  Marfeilles,  ix  SSE.  Aix.  Lofig.  6. 41. 
E.  La'.  43.  II.  N. 

Cipieres,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var,     10  miles  N.  GrafTe. 

Cipjda,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Romania.     24  miles  NNW.Gallipoli. 

Cipuria,  a  town  of  Mingrelia.  16  miles 
WSW.Ruki. 

Ciquatlatiy  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Lat.  24.  5.  N. 

Cira,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  on  the  eaft 
coaft.  32  miles  NE.  Cagliari.  Lofig.g,  ^o. 
E.  Lat.  39.  41.  N. 

d'ra,  a  imall  ifland  near  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Sardinia.     Long.  9.  ss-  E.    Lat.  39.  38.  N. 

Circar,  a  name  given  in  Hindooftan  to  a 
trafl:  of  country,  which,  in  the  opinion  of 
Major  Kennel,  is  not  very  diilimilar  to  the 
term  county  in  England,  few  of  them  be- 
ing of  lefs  extent  than  the  largeft  Englifli 
county. 

Circars,(  Northern,)  thtk  are  fivecircars, 
lying  to  the  north  of  the  Carnatic,  or  Ma- 
dras :  Cicacole,  Condapilly,  Ellore,  Raja- 
mundry,  and  Guntoor;  the  hrft  four  are  in 
the  hands  of  the  Engliih,  the  latter  belongs 
to  the  Nizam.  The  firft  four  occupy  the  lea 
coaft  from  the  Chilka  Lake  on  the  confines 
of  Cattack,  to  the  northern  bank  of  the 
Kiftnah  river,  forming,  comparatively,  a 
long  narrow  flip  of  country,  350  miles  long, 
and  from  20  to  75  wide.  The  nature  of 
the  country  is  luch  as  to  be  eafily  defenlible 
againft  an  Indian  enemy,  it  having  a  bar- 
rier of  mountains  and  extenlive  forefts  on 
one  fide,  and  the  fea  on  the  other;  the  ex- 
tremities only  being  open.  Its  greateft  de- 
fefl  is  in  point  of  relative  fituation  to  Ben- 
gal and  Madras  ;  it  being  350  Britifh  miles 
from  the  firft,  and  250  from  the  latter;  fo 
that  the  troops  deftined  to  proted  it,  can- 
not be  reckoned  on  for  any  prelling  fervice 
that  may  arife  at  either  preiidency.  The 
gircars,  in  point  of  ftri(5tnefs,  appertain 
partly  to  Golconda  (or  the  Deccan)  and 
partly  to  Orifla;  and  are  held  of  the  Nizam, 
on  condition  of  paying  him  a  ftipulated 
quit-rent.  When  the  French  took  poffef- 
lion  of  the  five  circars  in  1753,  they  were 
valued  at  about  43  lacks  of  rupees  per  an- 
num. The  Englifh  never  pofFefied  Gun- 
toor, which  was  cftimated  at  near  feven 
lacks  of  the  ribove  fum  ;  fo  that  thirty  lacks 
(360,0001.)  fhould  be  taken  for  the  true  value 
of  the  Englifli  pofleffions  in  the  circars.  In 
1784,  they  were  reckoned  to  produce  about 
that  fum. 

CircaJJia,  a  country  of  Ada,  bounded  on 
the  north  by  the  river  Don,  on  the  eaft  by 
the  Cafpian  fea  and  the  mouths  of  the  Volga, 
9n  the  fouth  by  Mount  Caucafus  and  the 


C  I  R 

Black  fea,  and  on  the  weft  by  part  of 
the  Black  fea  and  the  lake  of  Azoph.  It 
was  formerly  governed  by  fevcr:U  inde- 
pendent princes,  butis  now  almoft  wholly 
fubjeft  to  Rufliu,  and  included  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Caucafus.  The  Circaflians  are 
in  general  well  made,  and  excellent  horfc- 
men;  the  women  are  generally  handlonie. 
Their  principal  traffic  is  in  flaves,  honey, 
wax,  flcins'of  cuttle,  deer,  and  tygers.  They 
have  no  money,  and  all  their  commerce  is 
by  exchange.  The  Circaffians  were  for- 
merly Chriftians ;  but,  for  want  of  inftrucf^tiun 
and  written  laws,  they  content  tiiemlclves 
with  a  bare  profeilion  of  being  Chriftians  or 
Mahometans. 

Circou,  a  river  of  Malacca,  which  runs 
into  the  Chinefefea,  Long.  loi.  24.  E.  Lat, 
7.  19.  N. 

Circ,  a  town  of  France,  In  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Charente.  7  miles  N. 
Rochefort. 

Circllu,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra,  near  which  were  formerly  mines  of 
gold,  fllver,  and  lead,  veftiges  of  which  are 
nowvillble.  8  miles  SSE.  Scalea,  28  SSE. 
Policaftro.  Z^;;^.  15.55.  E.  Z'?/- 39.  48.  N. 
Cirella,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, near  the  coaft  of  Calabria.  Long.  15. 
54.  E.  Lat.2,().  46.  N. 

Cirenccjhr,  a  large  and  populous  town  of 
England,  in  the  county  of  Gloucelter,  fitu- 
ated  near  the  river  Churn,  fuppoled  to  have 
been  built  by  Ciflk,  a  Saxon,  and  formerly 
furrounded  by  walls,  fome  veftiges  of  which 
are  yet  viiible:  here  was  a  celebrated  abbey, 
whole  abbot  was  mitred.  It  fiiffered  much 
from  tlie  Danes,  the  barons'  wars,  and  civil 
v/ars  of  the  laft  century.  In  1642,  Prince 
Rupert  took  it  by  aflault.  It  had  once  three 
churches,  only  one  of  which  remains,  with 
4130  inliabitants.  It  had  likewile  a  caftle, 
which  Henry  III,  took  from  the  barons,  and 
demolilhed.  Two  markets  are  held  weekly, 
on  Monday  and  Friday;  it  fends  two  mem- 
bers to  parliament.  17  m.  SE.  Gloucefttcr, 
90 W.London.  Long.z.W.  Lat.<;i.^4.li. 
Cin'nza,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  CiUabria 
Ultra.  12  miles  N.  Gierace. 
Cirejiza,  lee  Acercnzaa. 
Cirey,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meurtc.     3  miles  E.  Bl.tmont. 

Ciriajuhava,  a  river  of  ^rafil,  wiiich  runs 
intothe  Atlantic, /.;/;!r.34.36.W.Z«/.8.42.S. 
Ciric,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Po  ;  heretofore  the  capital  of  a 
marquilate,  in  the  principality  of  I'lcdn^ont, 
which  comprehended  likewile  the  towns  of 
St.  Maurice,  Nolli,  and  Robafonie,  fituaied 
near  the  foot  of  the  Grecian  Alps,  un  thu 
Doria.  It  contains  three  parilh  churches, 
and  feveral  religious  houfcs.  In  the  year 
1705,  this  place  was  taken  and  plundered 
t)y  the  French,  under  die  DyJcc  of  Fciuiladc, 


CIS 

The  foldiers  were  guilty  of  great  diforders. 
8  miles  NNW.  Turin. 

Cirica,  a  town  of  Popayan.  80  miles  N. 
Cali. 

Cirig,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  11.  30.  S. 

Clrignola,  Z^,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
province  of  Bari.  50  miles  ESE.  Lucera. 
LoJig.  16.  E.  Lat.A'i'  18.  N. 

Cirhiitz,  a  town  of  Carniola,  fituated  on 
a  lake,  funounded  with  fteep  and  rude 
mountains,  with  a  confiderable  ftaple  for 
fait.  14  miles  SSW.  Laybach,  168  SSW. 
Vienna.     Lofig.  14.  ao.  E.  Lat.  46.  5.  N. 

Cirl,  fee  Zirl. 

Ciro,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria  Citra. 
az  miles  NNE.  St.Severina.  Long.i-j.zZ' 
E.  Lat.  39.  25.  N. 

Ciifago,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Bellunefe. 
8  miles  NE.  Belluno. 

C'lr-c allele  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gol- 
conda.     40  miles  SSE.  Canoul. 

Cirvalla,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circarof Cuddapa.  38  m. WSW.  Gandicotta. 

Cifalpine  Republic,  a  new  ftate  of  Italy, 
created  by  or  at  leaft  under  the  protection 
of  the  French  republic  in  the  year  1796,  and 
acknowledged  by  the  Emperor  of  Germany 
in  1797,  at  the  peace  of  Campo  Formio.  It 
included  the  dutchies  of  Milan,  Mantua, 
Modena,  and  Guaftallo ;  the  Bergamafco, 
the  Breffan,  and  that  part  of  the  Veronefe 
which  lies  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Adige  ; 
the  Ferrarefe,  Bolognefe,  and  Romagna, 
with  a  fmall  part  of  the  Grifons,  and  the 
Italian  bailiwics;  comprehending  a  territory 
of  3567  fquare  miles,  and  3,447,384  inha- 
bitants. It  was  divided  into  20  departments, 
viz.  Olona,  Gogna,  Verbano,  Lario,  della 
Montagna,  Tehno,  Scrio,  Adda  and  Oglio, 
Me'a,  Benaco,  Upper  Po,  Mincio,  Croltolo, 
Apennines,  Panaro,  Reno,  Lower  Po,  Amone 
or  Lamone,  and  Rubico,  which  are  repre- 
fented  by  244  deputies.  In  the  year  1805, 
it  was  formed  into  a  kingdom,  and  Napo- 
leon emperor  of  the  French  crowned  at 
Milan. 

C:fano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mincio.    10  m.  WNW.  Verona. 

CiJJagc,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Olona.     15  m.  NNW.  Milan. 

Cifmar,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Holflein, 
not  far  from  the  Baltic.  17  miles  N.  Tra- 
vemunde.     Long.  11.  2.  E.  Lat,  54. 14.  N. 

Cijnie,  fee  Chifme. 

Cifniomy'A.  river  in  the  county  of  Tyrol. 
which  runs  into  theBrenta,  near  Kofel. 

Cfi/ione,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Trevi- 
fan.  24  miles  NW.  Trevigio,  27  N.  Vin- 
cenfa.     Long.  ix.  js^z.V..  Lat.  45.  s^-^' 

Cijlerna,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tanaro.     i  z  miles  ESE.  Turin. 

Cijfc-rna,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
Campagna  di  Roma.   9  miles  NE.  Nettuno. 


C  I  T 

Cljlerna  Nmva,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the 
Capitanata.    4  miles  SE.  Monte  Angelo. 

Cijiernhio,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Bari.     16  miles  SSE.  Monopoli. 
Citais,  fee  Cias. 

Citkibeb,  or  Citiheh,  a  town  of  Morocco, 
in  the  province  of  Tedla.    9  miles  E.  Tefza. 

CitluCf'a.  town  of  Dalmatia,  belonging  to 
the  Turks,  fortified,  but  not  large.  12  miles 
N.  Narenza,  60  E.  Spalatro. 

Ciionv,  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Sclan.     10  miles  SE.  Raudnitz. 

Cittaro,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra,  near  the  coaft  of  the  Tufcan  fea.  18 
miles  W.  Bifignano. 

Cilta  di  Cajlello,  a  town  of  the  Popedom, 
in  the  province  of  Umbriaj  on  the  Tiber, 
the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  immediately  under  the 
Pope;  it  contains  ten  churches  and  a  great 
number  of  convents.  23  miles  SW.  Urbino, 
97  N.  Rome.  LQ?ig.  12.  14.  E.  Lat. 
43.  28.  N. 

Cittadella,2i  feaport  town  of  the  iflandof 
Minorca,  with  a  good  harbour  on  the  north- 
weft  coaft,  furrounded  with  walls  and  baf- 
tions.  It  contams  two  churches,  four  con- 
vents, and  600  houfes.  Long.  3.  50.  E. 
Lat.  40.  2.  N. 

Cittadella,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Paduan, 
containing  about  5800  inhabitants,  on  the 
Brentello.  19  miles  NNW.  Padua.  Long. 
II.  45.E.  Zfl/.  45.  38.  N. 

Citta  Ducale,  a  townof  Naples,  in  Abruz- 
zo  Ultra,  founded  in  the  year  1308,  by 
Robert  duke  of  Calabria,  and  nearly  ruined 
by  an  earthquake  in  1703.  It  is  the  fee  of 
a  bifhop,  immediately  under  the  Pope.  18 
miles  W.  Aquila.  Long.  13.  4.  E.  Lat. 
42.  28.  N. 

Citta  Nuova,  a  town  of  Iftria,  and  the  fee 
of  a  bifhop,  fituated  on  an  ifthmus  at  the 
moi  :h  of  the  Quieto,  which  forms  a  harbour 
for  vefTels  of  the  largeft  iize.  It  is  a  very 
old  decayed  town,  with  but  few  inhabitants, 
chiefly  fifherraen,  and  fuppofed  to  occupy 
the  fite  of  the  ancient  iEnomia,  or  CEnomia. 
7  miles  S.Umago,  16  S.Capo  d'Iftria.  Long. 
13.  20.  E.  Lat.  45.  :!,s.  N. 

Citta  Nova.,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Macedonia.     35  miles  SW.  Scopia. 

Citta  Delia  Pieve,  a  town  of  the  Pope- 
dom, in  the  province  of  Perugia,  the  fee  of 
a  bilhop.  1 8  miles  W.  Perugia,  69  N.  Rome. 
Long.  12.  4.E.  Lat.  43.  N. 

Citta  Del  Sole,  a  town  of  Etruria,  on  the 
Montone,  built  in  1565,  by  Cofmo  I.  duke 
of  Tufcany.  16  miles  SSW.  Ravenna,  36 
NE.aFlorence.  v 

Citta  Vittoriofa,  fee  Vittiorofa. 

Cittah,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  a  Imall  bay. 
a  miles  Mafcat. 

Citti,  fee  Chedi. 

Citio^vany,-^  town  ofSamogita.  10  miles 
N.  Rofienne. 


CIV 

City  Point,  a  cape  of  Virginia,  in  James 
River.  Long.  77.  39.  W.  Lat.  37. 15.  N. 

Ciiicior,  a  town  of  Thibet.  15  miles  SW. 
Laffa.  _      . 

Chiiad  de  Bahia,  fee  St.  Salvador. 
Chdad  de  las  Palmar,  a  feaport  town  of 
the  iflandot  Canary,  and  capital  of  th>it  and 
all  the  iflands,  the  fee  of  a  biihop,  lliffragan 
of  Seville.  The  town  is  large,  and  the  inha- 
bitants in  genercil  rich,  the  number  about 
1 2,oco.  The  harbour  is  good,  and  defended 
by  a  lortiefs. 

Civdad  Real,  a  town  of  Spain,  rind  capi- 
tal of  La  Mancha,  celebrated  for  a  manufic- 
ture  of  leather  for  gloves.  Here  aie  three 
churches,  feven  convents,  and  three  hofpi- 
tals.  57  miL's  S.  Toledo.  Long.  4.  3.  W. 
Lat.  30.  N. 

CivJad  Real,  fee  Chiapa  dos  Efpagmls. 

Civdad  Real  de  Guayra,  a  town  of  South- 
America,  in  Paraguay,  on  the  Parana.  230 
miles  ENE.  AiTumption.  Lo?ig.  54.  31.W. 
Lat.  34'  45-  S. 

Civdad  de  los  Reyet,  a  town  of  South- 
America,  in  the  province  of  St.  Martha.  The 
heat  is  moderated  in  fummer  by  the  eaft 
wind ;  but  the  frequent  rains  and  chilling 
winds  which  come  from  the  mountains  pro- 
duce coughs  and  fevers  ;  the  land  is  fertile 
and  abounds  in  paftures.  The  natives  are 
numerous,  warlike,  and  as  yet  unfubdued. 

Civdad  del  Rey  Felippe,  a  town  built  in 
the  year  1585,  on  the  comment  of  South- 
America,  near  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  but 
foon  abandoned. 

Civdad  del  Rio  del  St.  Pedro,  a  town  of 
South-America,  in  Brafil,  fituated  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  St.  Pedro.  Long.  34. 
15.  W.  Lat.  32.  S. 

Civdad  P^odrigo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
country  of  Leon,  on  the  river  Aguada,  the  fee 
of  a  biihop,  fu^Fragan  of  Compolieila,  built  by 
Ferdinand  IL  as  a  rampart  againil  Portugal, 
from  which  it  is  only  about  8  miles  diflant. 
45  m.  SSW.  Salamanca.  Long.  6.  33.  VV. 
Lat.  40.  52.  N. 

Civeda,  or  Civita,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  department  of  the  Adda  and  Oglio, 
on  the  Oglio.  25  miles  Brefcia,  3  SW. 
Breno. 

Civita,  {La,)  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Princi- 
pato  Ultra.     24  miles  E.  Ariano. 

Civita  d'Antina,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Abruzzo  Ultra.  11  miles  NW.  Sora.  25  S. 
Aquila. 

Civita  Aqnana,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
AbruzzoUltra.     15  miles  E.  Aquila. 

Civita  d'Arno,  a  town  of  the  Popedom, 
in  the  Perugiano.     3  miles  ENE.  Perugia. 

Civita  Borella,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Abruzzo  Ultra,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop.  18  m. 
S.  Lanciano,  50  N.  Capua.  Long.  14.  14. 
E-  Lat.  41.  55.  N. 

Civita  de  Cafcia,  a  town  of  the  Pope- 


C  I  V 

dom,  in  the  province  of  Umbrla.     c  mJW 
SW.  Norcia.  ^      ^ 

Civita  Cajldlana,  a  town  of  the  Popedom 
in  the  patrimony  of  St.  Peter,  lituated  on  a 
mountam  near  the  Tiber,  the  fee  of  a  bifhop, 
held  immediately  from  the  Pope,  and  at  prt- 
fent  united  with  Orta.  24  miles  N.  Rome, 
Long.  12.22.  E.  Lat.  42.  18.  N. 

Civita  diChieti,o-:  Teti,  acityof  Naple?, 
and  capital  of  the  pravinc  of  Abruzzo  Citra, 
the  ll^e  of  an  archbilhop.  It  contains  four 
churches,  and  nine  convents,  and  is  lituated 
near  the  P^fcara.  In  1802,  it  was  taken  by 
the  French.  78  miles  NE.  Rome,  93  N. 
Naples.    Lo}:g^  14.  2.  E.  Lat.  42.  22.' N.* 

Civita  de  Conte,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Abruzzo  Citra.  5  m.  NE.  Civita  Borrello. 

Civita  \Lavinia,  a  town  of  the  Pope- 
dom, in  the  Campagna  di  Roma.  4  miles 
Veletri. 

Civita  Luparella,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Abruzzo  Citra.     2  miles  N.  Civita  Borello. 

Croita  Mandonia,  a  feaport  town  of  Na- 
ples, in  Calabria  Citra,  on  the  gulf  of  Ta- 
rento.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  Sybaris.  15 
miles  NNE.  Bifignano.  Long.  16.  30.  E. 
Lat.  39.  52.  N. 

Civita  a  Mare,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Ca- 
pinata,  near  the  fea,  once  the  fee  of  a  biihop. 
13  m.  ESE.  Termola.  • 

Civita  Nuoya,  a  town  of  the  Popedom, 
in  the  marquifate  of  Ancona,  in  the  road 
from  Loretto  to  Fermo  ;  7  miles  from  the 
former,  and  9  from  the  latter. 

Civita  Nuovo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  tlie 
Molife.    5  miles  NNW.  Molife. 

Civita  di  Penna,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
AbruzzoUltra,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  fufliagan 
ofChieti.  10  miles  SE.  Teramo,  23  ENE. 
Aquila.  L.ong.  13.55.E.  Lat.^t.z-;.  N. 

Civita  Reals,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruz- 
zo Ultra.     13  miles  NW.  Aquila. 

Civita  dcSt.  Angelo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Abruzzo  Ultra,  lituated  on  a  mountain,  50 
miles  ENE.  Aquila,  84  N.  Capua. 

Civita  Toviajfa,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Abruzzo  Ultra.     6  miles  SW.  Aquila. 

Civita  Ve:ckia,  or  Malta,  a  town  fituated 
on  a  hill  in  the  centre  of  the  ifland  of  Malta, 
ftrongly  fortified.  It  is  the  icz  of  a  bifhop, 
and  belides  the  cathedral,  wliich  is  very- 
large  and  handfome,  it  contains  fcveial 
other  churches  and  convents.  The  town  is 
fo  fituated  that  from  it  may  be  fcen  the 
whole  ifland,  and  fometimcs  the  coafts  of 
Africa  and  Sicily. 

Civita  Vecchia,  a  feaport  town  of  tlie 
Popedom,  in  the  patrimony  of  St.  Peter. 
The  port  was  enlarged  and  rendered  com- 
modious by  Trajan  ;  it  is  one  of  the  lv:f>  in 
Italy,  and  declared  free  by  Bencdidl  XIV. 
The  Pope's  gallics  lie  here.  The  air  is  un- 
healthy,  and  the  water  not  good.  27  miles 
NW.  Rome.  jL(?;;^.  11.48.E.  Lat,  42.3.  N. 


C  L  A 


C  L  A 


Chita  Vccchla.,  a  feaport  town  on  the 
Eorth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Leiina,  with  a 
conveniejit  harbour.     8  miles  NE.  Lefina. 

C'rchara,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  p:  o- 
■dnce  of  Capitanata.     i  m.  NE.Dragonera. 
Civitella,  a  fortrei's  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     7  miles  N.  Teramo,  24  S.  Fermo. 

Civitella,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro-' 
TLiice  of  Otranto.    5  miles  NE.  Tarento. 

Civitella,  a  town  of  Etruria.  ao  miles  S. 
Sienna. 

Civitella,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Citra.     15  miles  S.  Sulmona. 

Civitella  dell'  Abazed,  a  town  of  Naples, 
in  Abruzzo  Ultra.    24  miles  E.  Aquila. 

Civrac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde.     7  m.  E.  Libourne. 

Civray,  or  Sivray,  a  town  of  France,  and 
principal  place  of  a  diflri6>,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  theVienne,  on  the  Charente.  25  m. 
S.Poitiers,  27  SW.  Montmorillon.  Long. 
o.  24.  E.  Lat.  46.  9.  N. 

Civry,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eure  and  Loire.  7  miles 
ENii.  Chateaudun. 

Ciza,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Tucuman.  iz  miles  N.  St. 
Fernando. 

Cize,  a  valley  of  France,  of  which  St. 
Jean-Pie-de-port  is  the  capital. 

CL'hoe,  a  town  of  Norway.  6  miles  SSE- 
Bronthiem. 

Ciacklajidi  afniall  illand  of  Scotland,  near 
{he  eaft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Arran.  Long, 
J.  10.  W.  Lat.  ss-  2Z-  N. 

Clacki/iannan,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  to  which  it  gives  name,  lituated  on  a 
ihiall  river,  about  a  mile  from  the  Forth.  In 
i8qi,  the  number  of  inhabitants  v/as  2961. 
There  are  three  collieries,  and  fome  conli- 
derable  iron  works  in  the  p;iriih.  Near  the 
town  is  an  ancient  building,  called  Clack- 
mannan tower,  long  a  feat  of  the  Bruces.  7 
miles  ESE.  Stirhng.  Z^;ij.  3.  jc.  W.  Lat. 
j6.  7.  N. 

Clackmannanfiire,  a  county  of  Scotland, 
furrounded  on  all  fides  by  Peithlhire,  ex- 
cept on  the  Ibuth-wefl,  where  it  is  bounded 
by  the  river  Forth,  which  divides  it  from 
StirlingPaire.  It  is  about  nine  miles,  broad 
fiom  north  to  fouth,  and  where  longeft 
fi-om  eaft  to  weft  about  twelve  miles.  This 
i;  a  plain  fertile  country  towards  the  Forth  ; 
but  the  noith,  which  is  bordered  by  the 
Ochill  hills,  abounds  both  with  corn  and 
pafttu'e.  It  produces  great  quantities  of 
coal,  which  is  in  high  efteem.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Devron,  which  runs  into  the  Forth, 
ind  its  principal  towns  ai"e  Aloa  and  Clack- 
mannan. It  carries  on  a  good  foreign 
■  trade,  and  has  manufaftures  of  fail-cloth  and 
.'  coarie  linen,  girdles,  camblets,  and  plaids 
for  the  Highl^^d  regiments  ;  tlie  exports 


tJt, 


In  lijoi,  the  number  of  iulubi- 


tants  was  10,858,  of  whom  1057  were  em- 
ployed in  trade  and  manufadlures,  and  871 
in  agriculture. 

Cladanu,  a  town  of  Pruilian  Pomerelia. 
9  miles  S.  Dantzic. 

Cladovia,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Servia,  which,  in  1789,  was  taken  by  the 
Auftrians. 

Clagenfurt,  a  town  of  Germany,  and  ca- 
pital of  the  dutchy  of  Carinthia,  fituated  on 
the  Glan,  built  fquare,  and  furrounded  with 
a  good  wall.  It  contains  fix  churches  and 
three  convents.  Here  is  a  raanufadure  of 
cloth,  and  a  fbciety  for  the  promotion  of 
agriculture  and  ufeful  arts,  ^neas  Sylvius 
tells  us,  that  in  his  time  the  inhabitants  of 
this  town  had  acuftom,  that  when  a  perfon 
was  accufed  of  theft,  he  was  hanged  imme- 
diately, and  tried  the  next  day ;  when  if  he 
was  convifted,  his  body  was  left  fufpended 
on  the  gibbet;  btit  if  his  innocence  appeared, 
the  body  was  taken  down  and  honourably 
interred  at  the  public  expence.  In  1794, 
Clagenfurt  was  taken  by  the  French,  after  a 
battle  with  the  Auftrians,  in  which  the 
latter  loft  200  men.  50  miles  N.  Trieft, 
132  SW.  Vienna.  Long.  14.  i.  E.  Lat^ 
46.  40.  N. 

Claggon  Bay,  a  bay  of  Ireland,  on  the 
coaft  of  Galway,  fouth  of  Claggon  Point. 

Claggon  Point,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  on  the 
weft  coaft  of  the  county  of  Galway.  Long. 
10.  4.W,  Lat.  53.34.  N. 

Claida,  a  town  of  Arabia.  20  m.  E.Jidda, 
Clain,  a  river  of  France,  which  pafles  by 
Poitiers,  and  runs  into  the  Vienne,  3  miles 
S.  Chatellerault. 

Clains,  a  townflrip  of  England,  in  Wor- 
cefteriiiire,  with  1463  inhabitants.  4  miles 
NNE.  Worcefter. 

Claira,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eaftern  Pyrennees.  5  miles 
NE.  Pcrpignan. 

Ciairac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot  and  Gai'onne,  advantage- 
OLifly  fituated  in  a  valley  on  the  Drot,  and 
containing  about  3000  inhabitants.  The  in- 
habitants raife  tobacco  and  corn,  and  nrake 
a  great  deal  of  wine  and  brandy.  3  miles 
SE.  Tonneins,  13  NVV.  Agen. 

Claire,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine.  10  m. N.Rouen. 

Claircvaux  les  /^^«.Yd'i?/'«,atown  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  Jura.  9  m.  SE.  Lons- 
le  Saunier. 

Clairvaii\-,?.  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aube,  which  took  its  name  from 
a  celebrated  abbey  built  there  in  the  year 
1 1 T5.     6  miles  S.  Bar  fur  Aube. 

Clairvaux,  or  Clcrvaiix,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Forefts,  on  the, 
Wiltz.     6  miles  NE.  Baftogne. 

Claifc,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  int(\ 
the  Creule,  near  U  Haye. 


C  L  A 

Claix,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Ifere.     4  miles  S.  Grenoble. 

Clam,  a  town  of  Aullria.    i  m.  W.  Gran. 

Clamarf  f-.us  il/t',?.^^/;,  a  village  of  France. 
4  miles  SSW.  Paris. 

Cla7Jiecy,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  dilbi<n:,  in  the  department  of  the 
Nyevre,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Beuvron  and 
the  Yonne;  in  one  of  the  fauxbourgs  of 
this  town  the  nominal  biihop  of  Bethlehem 
refided ;  the  fee  having  been  fixed  here 
from  the  expiilhon  of  the  Chrillians  out  of 
the  Holy  Land  :  his  income  was  Imall,  and 
his  dioeefe  confined  nearly  to  the  place  of 
his  refidence.  2>i  niiles  NNE.  Nevers,  21  S. 
Auxerre.    Zi7v^.  3.  35.  E.  Lat.  ^j.zj.'N. 

Clar.Of  fee  Klan.  " 

Clapham,  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Surrey,  with  numerous  country 
houfcs,  inhabited  by  rich  citizens.  In  1801, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  was  3864.  3  m. 
S.  London. 

Clap  River,  a  river  of  Wefl  Florida, 
\vhich  runs  into  the  Mifliffippi,  Lci?!i^.  91. 
22.  W.  Lat.  30.  49.  N. 

ClappSfiL  fniAll  iflandin  theEaftern  Indian 
fea,  near  the  fouth  coaft  of  Java.  Long.  105. 
27.  E.  Lat.  7.6.  S. 

Clara,  fLa,J  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Cuba.     18  miles  NW.  Spiritu  Santo. 

Clara,  a  river  of  America,  which  runs 
into  the  Detroit,  Long,  g^-  45-  W.  Lat. 
42-  34.  N. 

Clara,  or  Mel,  an  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  coall  of  Siam,  in  tlie  Mergui  Ar- 
chipelago, about  nine  miles  in  circumfe- 
fence.   Long.  ()"].  ^o.\\.  Lat.  ii-  4. 'N. 

Claramorite,  a  town  of  Sardinia.  14  miles 
SE.  Saflari.  Long.  8.  45.  E.  Lat.  40.  46.  N. 

Claratiimba,  a  town  ol:  Poland,  with  a 
celebrated  abbey,  in  th:  palatinate  of  Cra- 
cow.    4  miles  E.  Cracow. 

Clara,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Suffolk,  fituated  on  the  river  Stour,  with 
the  ruins  of  a  caflle  and  a  rnonaliqry  ;  there 
is  a  weekly  market  on  Fridays.  According 
to  Camden,  the  titles  both  of  Clare  and  Cla- 
rence were  taken  from  this  town.  14  miles 
S.  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  56  NNE.  London. 
J^ong.  o.  38.  E.  Lat.  52.  50.  N. 

Clare,  a  county  of  Ireland,  bounded  on 
the  north  by  the  county  of  Galway,  on  the 
eafl  by  Tipperary,  on  the  fouth  by  Lime- 
rick and  Kerry,  and  on  the  well  by  the  fea. 
it  contains  79  parilhes,  about  17,400  houles, 
and  96,000  fouls.  Some  parts  of  the  county 
are  mountainous,  which  however  feed  a  great 
number  of  cattle  and  fhecp;  while  the  more 
level  grounds  are  very  fertile,  and  yield  good 
crops  of  corn  and  hay.  Ennis  is  the  capital. 
The  principal  river  is  the  Shannon.  Three 
members  are  returned  to  the  Imperial  par- 
liament, viz.  two  for  the  county,  and  one 
for  the  town  of  Ennis. 


C  L  A 

Clare,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs  Into 
the  Corrib,  4  miles  N.  Galway. 

Clare,  an  illand  of  [rdand,  near  the  fouth- 
weft  coall  of  Cork,  about  three  miles  long, 
and  one  wide.  On  the  north-wcit  point  oi" 
this  idand,  on  a  rock  in  the  fea,  llands  a 
caflle;  to  the  caft  of  which  is  the  cove  of 
Tra  Kieran,  or  St.  Kieran's  Strand,  where 
a  pdlar  of  itone  is  found  with  a  i  ude  crofs, 
fuppofed  to  be  the  work  of  that  fliint.  This 
ftone  is  held  in  great  veneration,  and  much 
retorted  to  by  pilgrims  annually  on  the  5th 
of  March,  St.  Kieran's  feilival.  I'his  illand 
has  frequently  been  plundered.  Long.  9. 
23.  Wf  Lat.  51.  21.  N. 

Clare,  an  ifland  of  Ireland,  near  the  coalt 
of  Mayo,  about  four  miles  long,  and  one  and 
a  half  wide.   Zo;/^.  9.49.W.  L^?/.  53. 49. N. 

Clare,  a  village  of  Ireland.  In  1278,  a 
bloody  battle  was  fought  here  between  Ibnie 
Irifli  chiefs,     a  miles  S.  Ennis. 

Clarence,  a  river  of  France,  which  joins 
the  Nave  to  form  the  Robek  near  St.Venant. 

Clarence,  lee  Chiarenza. 

Clarendon,  a  village  of  England,  in  die 
county  of  Wilts,  where  was  once  a  royrj 
palace,  in  which  the  parliament  was  feveral 
times  convened.  The  firft  time  was  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  II.  when  the  celebrated  fla- 
tutes  were  pafTed,  by  which  the  power  of 
the  clergy  was  reflrained,  called  the  Con- 
ftitution,  or  Statutes  of  Clarendon.  3  miles 
NE.  Salifbury. 

Clarendon  River,  fee  Cape  Fear  River. 

Clarendon,  a   county  of  South-Carolina. 

Clareiidon,^  pariihof  the  illand  of  Jamaica, 

Clarendon  Fort,  a  fort  on  the  welt  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Baibadocs.  2  miles  S. 
Speight's  town. 

Claret,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Hcrault.    15  m.  N.  MontpellicT. 

Claret,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Alps.  1 1  m.  N.  Sifteroa. 

Clarimo7ite,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Balili- 
cata.     13  miles  SW.  Turli. 

Claritza,  a  feaport  town  of  Euiopean 
Turkey,  in  the  province  of  Thelfalv,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Peneo.  20  miles  E.  Larilfa. 
Long.  22.  54.  E.  Lat.  39.  45.  N. 

Clarke,  a  town  of  Virginia,  on  James  river. 
9  miles  NW.  Richmond. 

CLirkJlnrg,  a  town  of  Virginia.  148  m. 
W.  Waihington.  Long.  80.  20.  W .  Lat. 
39.19.  N. 

ClarfC s  Creek,  a  river  of  Pennfylvania, 
which  runs  into  the  Suffjuehanna,  Long.  77^ 
W.  Lat.  40.  21.  N.     ' 

Clark's  River,  a  river  of  Kentuclcv, which 
runs  into  die  Ohio,  Lon[^.  89.  it.  W.  Lui. 
36.  4  2-  N. 

Clarkjloivn,  a  town  of  Pcnnfylvani.u  25 
miles  W.  Reading. 

Clarkjiown,  a  town  of  Ncw-York,  in 
Rocldand  county.    24  miles  N.  New- York, 


C  L  A 


CLE 


Clarkf-jJIk,  a  town  of  United  America,  in 
the  Tennafiee  government,  on  the  Cumber- 
knd  river.  Z/i>«j-.  87.45.W.  Z,^/.  jy.a.N. 
Clarkfuille,  a  town  of  United  America,  in 
the  weftern  territory,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Ohio.  45  miles  W.  Francfort.  Long. 
86. 12.W.  Z-^/.  36.  42- N. 

Claro,  a  river  of  Chili,  which  runs  into 
the  Maule  at  Cauqueues. 

Claros,  fee  Calniiha. 

Clarthyy  a  river  of  Wales,  in  the  county 
of  Cardigan,  which  joins  the  Clarwen  at  the 
NW.  extremity  of  the  county  of  Brecknoclc. 

Clar'weny  a  river  of  Wales,  which  runs 
into  the  Wye  near  Rhaider-Gowy. 

Clasjbei'gt  a  mountain  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Henheberg.  lom.W.lVIeinungen. 

Clajjeudorf,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Leimeritz.    5  miles  N.  Kamnitz. 

Clavandy,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Co- 
imbetore.     15  miles  NNE.  Daraporum. 

Ciajfet,  a  town  or  extenfive  village  of 
North-America,  near  the  coalt  of  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  about  two  miles  from  Cape 
Flattery.  The  inhabitants  refemble  in  mod 
refpeds  the  people  of  Nootka:  their  perfons, 
garments,  and  behaviour,  are  very  fimilar. 
Some  difl'erence  was  obferved  in  their  orna- 
ments, particularly  in  thofe  worn  at  the  nofe; 
for  inftead  of  the  crefcent  generally  adopted 
by  the  inhabitants  of  Nootka,  thefe  wore 
flrait  pieces  of  bone :  their  canoes,  arms,  and 
implements,  were  exaflly  the  fame :  they 
fpoke  the  fame  language. 

Claverack,  a  town  of  New- York,  in  the 
county  of  Columbia.     3  miles  SE.  Hudibn. 

Clavijo,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caitile; 
remarkable  for  a  viiftory  obtained  by  King 
Ramira  over  the  Moors.     6  miles  Logronno. 

CLvoo.,  a  town  of  the  ifla'nd  of  Corfica.  8 
miles  ESE.  Ajaccio. 

Clans,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  county 
of  Bregentz.     i  mile  NNE.  Bregentz. 

Claujen,  a  town  of  the  Tyrolefe.  This 
town  was  taken  by  the  French  in  the  fpring 
of  1797,  after  an  obllinate  battle  with  the 
Auftiians,  in  which  they  loft  500  priloners. 

Clai'Jin,  a  t'jwn  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sarre ;  where  a  battle  was  fought 
in  the  year  1735.    5  miles  S.  Wittlich. 

Claufenhiirg,  fee  Colofvar. 

Claujlhal,  a  tov/n  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Grubeiihagen,  containing 
800  houi'es.  There  are  two  churches,  an 
houfe  of  orphans,  a  public  fchool,  a  fmall 
garrifon,  and  a  mint  for  coining  money  ; 
rear  it  are  iilver  mines.  15  m.  S.  Goflar, 
25  NE.Nordheim.  Long.  10.  \%.'^  Lnt. 
51.48.  N. 

CLiufz,  a  town  of  Auftria.  17  miles 
SSW.  Steyr. 

CLaif'jHz-,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Erzgebirg.     14  m.  SSE.  Freyberg. 

CUi-vxdokt  a  river  of  Dcnbighflure,    m 


North-Wales,  which  runs  into  the  Clwyd,  4 
miles  N.  Ruthin. 

Clay,  a  town  of  England,  on  the  north 
coaft  of  the  county  of  Norfolk,  with  a  fmall 
harbour.  It  has  large  fait  works,  from  whence 
fait  is  fent  to  Holland  and  the  Baltic,  as  well 
as  to  the  coaft  of  England.  28  miles  ENE. 
Lynn.     Long.  i.  E.  Lat.  52.  58.  N. 

Clay,  a  river  of  Lower  Siam,  which  runs 
into  the  gulf,  Long.  100.  25. E.  Z^^,8.3i.N. 

Clay  Branch,  a  river  of  New  Ham'pfhire, 
which  runs  into  the  Connedicut,  Lo7ig.  72. 
8.  W.  Z«2',  43.52- N. 

Claye,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Seine  and  Loire.  7  miles  W. 
Meauz,  15  E.  Paris. 

Clayeite,  (La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  10 
miles  ENE.  Marcigny. 

Clayton,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  weft 
riding  of  Yorkfhire.  In  1 801,  it  contained 
2040  inhabitants.     3  miles  SW.  Bradford. 

Clayton  le  Moor,  a  townfliip  of  England, 
in  Lancafliire,  with  1 130  inhabitants. 

Clearach,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  weft  coaft 
of  Scotland.  Long.  5.22.W.  Lat.sT.  55.  N. 

Cleat,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  weft  coaft 
of  Scotland.     Long.  5.12.W.  Zi?/.  58. 4.N. 

Cleaveland  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  NE.  coaft 
of  New  Holland,  weft  of  Cape  Cleaveland. 

Clebucz,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Dalmatia.     11  miles  SSE.  Moftar. 

Clehurg,  or  Klehiirg,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  Mont  Tonnerre.  It 
gives  name  to  a  branch  of  the  Palatine  fa- 
mily.    28  miles  SSW.  Deux-Ponts. 

Cleherg,  a  town  of  PrulTia,  in  the  province 
of  Ermeland.     4  miles  SE.  Allenftein. 

Clef,  ( Le,)  a  lake  of  Louiliania.  Long. 
93.  6.  W.  Lat.  32.  3.  N. 

Clcohury,  or  Clcobury  Mortimer^  a  town 
of  England,  in  the  county  of  Salop,  on  the 
river  Temde,  with  a  weekly  market  on 
Thurfdays.  It  takes  the  name  of  Mortimer 
from  that  ancient  family  who  had  a  caftle 
here,/which  was  fortified  by  Hugh  de  Mor- 
timer in  the  year  1115.  In  1801,  it  con- 
tained 1368  inhabitants.  8  miles  W.  Bewd- 
Jey,  136  NW.  London.  Long.  2.  32.  W. 
Lat.  52.  24.  N. 

Ckcy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Calvados,  containing  about  1700 
inhabitants.     10  miles  W.  Falaife. 

Cledagh,  a  river  of  Wales,  which  runs  into 
the  Ufli  in  Monmouthfiiire. 

Cledagh,  a  river  of  Wales,  which  runs  into 
the  Neath,  5  m.  N.Neath,  Giamorganfliire. 

Cledagh,  a  river  of  Wales,  which  runs  into 
the  Neath  at  Neath  in  Glamorganihire. 

Cledagh,  a  river  of  Wales,  which  runs 
into  the  Muthvey,  2  miles  E.  Langadok,  in 
Caermarthenfliire. 

Cledagh,  a  river  of  Wales,  which'  runs 
into  the  Ckthv  in  Pcmbrokeftiiie. 


CLE 

CkJaghagh,  a  river  of  England,  wiiich 
runs  into  the  Uik   i  mile  W.  Abergavenny. 
CleJeji,  a  town  of  Frnnce,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  FiniUcrrc.     6  miles  W.  Pontcroix. 
Cleden,  a.  town  of  France,   in  the  depart- 
ment of  Finifterre.    5  miles  SW.  Carhaix. 

Cleder,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlic  dt;part- 
mentof  Einifterrc.  4ni.W.  St.  Pol-de-Lcon. 
Cledhevjen,  a  river  of  Wales,  which  runs 
into  the  Dungledy  in  Pembrokelhire. 

Clse>!!jh,  an  idandof  Ireland,  in  lake  Erne. 
3  miles  Enniikillen. 

Clees,  ( Les,)  or  Les  Efclees,  a  town  of 
SwifTerland,  in  the  canton  of  Berne,  fituated 
on  the  Orbe,  on  the  road  to  France.  It  had 
a  caftle,  which  was  demoliihed  by  the  Swifs 
in  the  year  1475.     8  miles  SW.  Yverdun. 

Clef}/io>2t,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Marne.  1 7  miles  S. 
Bourmont. 

Clefs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  6  miles  N. 
Bauge. 

CUgiierce,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Morbihan.  6  miles  NW. 
Pontivy. 

Cle?nenti,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Albania.     44  miles  N.  Dulcigno. 

Cle7f!ents  fihr,  a  town  of  PiufTia,  in  Po- 
merelia.     10  miles  NNE.  Marienburg. 

Cle?nont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loiret.     12  miles  SW.  Gien. 

Cle7no7it,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Marne.  iz  miles  E. 
Chaumont. 

Clenze,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Luneburg  Zell.  30  miles  SE. 
Luneburg,  40  ENE.  Zell.  Long.  ii.is-'E'- 
JLat.  $2.  56.  N. 

Chize,  ( LonuerJ  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the   principality  of  Luneburg  Zell.     8 
miles  SW.  Luckow. 
Clerac,  fee  Clalrac. 

Cleres,  a  town  of   France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine.     10  m.  N.  Rouen. 
Clerevaux,  a  tovvn'of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aveiron.  8  m.  NW.  Rhodez. 
Clerff,  fee  Clairvaux.  _     ■ 

Clsrgoux,  a   town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Correze.     6  m.  NE.  Tulle. 
Ckrieux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Drome.     5  ra.  NW.  Romans. 
Clerince,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Braclaw.     44  miles  SSW.  Braclaw. 

Gierke's  IJlands,  in  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  are  two  iflands  of  conliderable  ex- 
tent, andcontaining  feveral  hills,  all  at  which 
are  connected  by  low  land,  fo  as  to  occafion 
the  looking  at  a  diffance  like  a  groupe  of 
jflands.  Near  the  eaft  point  is  a  fmall  ifland, 
which  is  remarkable  for  having  on  it  three 
elevated  rocks.  Long.  189.  45-  E-  Lat. 
63.  34.  N. 

Clarke's  Rocks,  a  clufter  of  rocks  in  the 


CLE 

South  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  40  miles  eaft 
from  die  iiland  of  Georgia.     Lcit.  55.  S. 

Clcnnonf,  a  town  ot  Fiance,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Mont  Blanc.    4  miles  E.  Seylil-I. 

Clermont,  a  town  of  New- York,  in  Co- 
lumbia county.     13  miles  S.  Iludfon. 

Clermont,  a  town  of  New  Haniplliire,  on 
the  eafl  bank  of  die  river  Connedicut,  be- 
tween Dartmou;h  and  Charleftou  n. 

Clermont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  9  miles 
W.  Agcn. 

Clerinont  en  Argonne,  a  town  of  France, 
and  chief  place  of  a  diftric%  in  tiie  depan- 
mentof  theMeufe,  lituated  on  an  eminence, 
furrounded  with  woods  and  pailurcs.  This 
town  was  taken  by  the  PrufTians  in  1791, 
but  evacuated  foon  after.  la  miles  WSW. 
Verdun,  7  E.  St.  Menehould.  Long.  5. 9.  E. 
Lat.  49.  7.  N. 

Cknnojit,  or  Clermont  en  Beauvaifts,  a 
town  of  France,  and  principal  place  of  a 
diflrid,  in  the  department  of  the  Oife,  (itu- 
ated  on  an  eminence,  near  the  Brefche.  8 
pofts  S.  Amiens,  7^  N.  Paris.  Long.  2.  3c. 
E.  Lat.  49.  22.  N. 

Clermont  Ferrand,  a  city  of  France,  and 
capital  of  the  department  of  the  Puy-de- 
Dome;  before  the  revolution  the  capital  of 
Auvergne,  and  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  lufiVagun 
of  Bourges ;  fituated  on  a  fmall  eminence, 
at  the  footofa  loftymountain, andcontaining 
about  T  6000  inhabitants,  its  commerce  is 
in  cci,  wine,  wool,  woollen  IfuiFs,  tammiss, 
ferges,  linen,  lace,  3cc.  There  are  fome  mi- 
neral fprings  near ;  and  the  water  of  a  brook, 
which  pafles  through  one  ot  tlie  tauxbourp?, 
petrified  a  wooden  bridge  to  perfed  (lone,'^fo 
that  carriages  can  pafs  over.  A  council  w.as 
held  here  in  the  year  1095,  to  determine  on 
the  crufade  againfl  the  infidels  in  the  Holy 
Land,  in  the  pontificate  of  Urban  II.  In  the 
year  467,  this  city  was  taken  i.y  the  Goths. 
It  is  called  Clermont  Ferrand,  from  the  town 
of  Montfcrrand  being  united  to  it,  and  form- 
ing one  of  the  fauxbourgs.  23;^  pofts  W. 
Lyons,  4^.4  S.  Paris.  .L:ng.  3.  10.  E.  Lat. 

45.47.  N. 

Clermont  Gallerande,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Sarte.  3  miles 
NE.  La  Fleehe. 

CLrmont  de  Lodeve,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Herault.  The  chief 
trade  is  in  wool  and  cattle,  with  manufic- 
tures  of  cloth  and  hats  for  exportation.  20 
miles  W.  Montpellier. 

Clerval,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Doubs.     21  m.  NE.  Belancon. 

Clervaut,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dtjiart- 
nientof  the  Vicr.ne.    5  m.  N.  Chatcllerault. 

Clcry,  a  tovk  n  nf  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Si)mnie.     .?  ni.  NW.  Peronnc. 

Clcry,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dcpari- 
men:  of  the  Loiret.    .7  ruiles  SW.  Oilcans. 


CLE 


C  L  I 


Ckthyy  a  river  of  South- Wales,  Avhich 
rifes  in  Pembrokefliire,  about  5  miles  SE. 
Newport,  and  joins  the  Dungledy  4  miles 
N-  Pembroke.' 

Ckton,  a  river  of  Wales,  which  runs  into 
tlie  Dee,  z  m.  below  Bala  in  Merionethfhire. 

C letter,  a  river  of  Wales,  in  Cardiganfhire, 
which  runs  into  the  Dovy  a  few  miles  be- 
low Machunlleth. 

ClevL'laf'Jy  a  diftrift  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  York,  on  the  borders  of  Durham. 

C/eves,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Roer,  late  capital  of  a  dutchy 
to  which  it  gives  name ;  htuated  on  the  river 
Kermil'dal,  rather  more  tlian  two  miles  from 
the  Rhine,  on  the  brow  of  a  hill,  furrounded 
with  walls,  but  not  ftrongly  fortified.  The 
Roman-Catholics  have  a  church  and  three 
convents;  the  Lutherans,  the  Calvinifls,  and 
the  Mennonites,  have  likewife  each  a  church, 
and  the  Jevv's  a  fynagogue.  The  number  of 
houfes  is  about  800.  In  1794,  it  was  taken 
by  the  French,  and  is  now  annexed  to  that 
empire.  3  poll:sESE.Nimeguen,68|:NNE. 
Paris.     Lo)ig.  6.  z.E.  Lat.^i.  50.  N. 

Clevest{Dutcky  of,)  a  principality  of  Ger- 
many, bounded  on  the  north  by  Overiffel 
and  the  bilhopric  of  Munfter,  on  the  eaft  by 
the  bilhopric  of  Munfter  and  county  of  Re- 
chlinghaufen,  on  the  fouth  by  the  county  of 
Mark  and  dutchy  of  Berg,  and  on  the  weft 
by  Gueiderland  and  Brabant ;  about  forty 
miles  in  length,  and  from  ten  to  twelve  in 
Jjreadth ;  the  air  is  healthy,  but  the  foil  is 
unequal.  On  the  eminences  are  fields, 
woods,  and  forefts,  which  extend  three  or 
four  Jeiigues  in  length,  bordered  by  towns 
and  villages:  on  the  borders  of  the  Rhine, 
which  runs  through  tlie  country,  are  fine 
paflures,  which  feed  a  great  number  of  cat- 
tle and  horfes.  The  inhabitants  chiefly  cul- 
tivate corn,  tobacco,  and  legumes.  Game 
is  plentiful,  and  the  rivers  fupply  abundance 
of  filh,  efpecially  falmon,  pike,  and  carp. 
There  are  manufiiftures  of  hlk,  cloth,  linen, 
and  pipes;  it  contains  twenty-four  towns. 
Roman  Catholics,  Calvinifts,  Lutherans, 
Mennonites,  and  Jews,  are  all  allowed  a 
freedom  of  worfliip  :  the  revenues  of  Cleves 
and  Mark  amount  to  a  million  of  crowns. — 
The  King  of  PrufTia  as  duke  of  Cleves  paid 
towards  the  charges  of  the  empire  1208 
florins,  and  to  the  Lnperial  chamber  676 
crowns. — The  principal  towns  are  Cleves, 
Calcar,  Wefel,  Duifburg,  Xanten,  Rees,  and 
Emmerich  :  the  rivers  are  the  Rhine,  the 
Meuic,  the  Ruhr,  the  Emfer,  the  Lippe,  and 
the  Ifl'el.  All  that  part  of  the  dutchy  which 
lay  on  the  left:  bank  of  the  Rhine  has  been 
ceded  to  France,  and  together  with  Berg, 
formed  into  a  grand  dutchy,  and  given  to 
Prince  Murat,who,  on  the  aid  March  1806, 
was  proclaimed,  by  the  title  of  Joachim  duke 
of  CleYCs  and  Berg,  at  Duflcldoif. 


Cleves,  a  town  of  Virginia,  i  miles  N. 
Port  Royal. 

Clen.u  Bay,  or  Nenuton  Bay,  a  large  bay 
on  the  weft  coaft  of  Leland,  12  miles  from 
eaft  to  weft,  and  7  from  north  to  fouth,  with 
a  great  number  of  fmall  iflands.  Long.  9. 
40.  W.  Lat.  53.  49.  N. 

Clitchy  la  Garcmie,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  Paris.  3  m.  NNW.  Paris. 

Cite,  a  lake  of  Upper  Canada.  Long.  80. 
W.  Lat.  44.  20.  N. 

Cliff,  or  Cliff  Regis,  or  King's  Cliff,  a 
town  of  England,  in  the  county  of  North- 
ampton, with  a  weekly  market  on  Tuefday, 
and  876  inhabitants.  8  m.  S.  Stamford,  88 
K.London.  Long.  0.31.W.  Lat.s2.3S'^' 

Cliffy  Rizer,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
runs  into  the  Kenhawa,  Long.  81.8.  W.  Lat, 
37.  52.  N. 

Clifton,  a  village  of  Gloucefterfhire,  fa- 
mous for  its  medicinal  fprings,  called  Brijlol 
Hotiwlls,  mentioned  in  the  article  Brijlol, 
and  fuppofed  to  be  one  of  the  pleafanteft 
villages  in  the  kingdom,    i  mile  W.  Briftol. 

Cliftoti,  a  townfhip,  of  England  in  Lan- 
calhire,  containing  8ia  inhabitants.  6  m. 
N.  Manchefter. 

Clifton,  a  village  of  England,  in  Cum- 
berland, on  the  Lowther.  In  the  year  1 745, 
the  rebels  were  attacked  here  by  the  Royal- 
ifts,  and  worffed.     2  miles  S.  Penrith. 

Clihapotin,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Volhynia.     72  miles  E.  Lucko. 

Climi,  a  town  of  Morocco.  10  m.  NW. 
Tarudant. 

Clinchamps,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Calvados.     5  miles  S.  Caen. 

Clinches,  a  river  of  United  America,  in 
the  Tennafee  government,  which  runs  into 
the  Tennafl'ee,  2,5  miles  W.  Knoxville. 

Clingenherg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  the  Lower  Rhine.  22  miles  E., 
Darmftadt,  12  S.  Aflichaffenburg.  Long. 
9.  9.  E.  Lat.  49.  49.  N. 

Cling,  a  town  and  caftle  of  Bavaria.  4 
miles  ENE.  Wafferburg. 

Clingen,  or  Klingen,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  county  of  Schwartzburg.  16  miles 
N.  Erfurt. 

Clino,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Theflaly.     22  m.  W.  Zeiton,  40  S.  LarifTa. 

Clino,  a  town  of  the  bilhopric  of  Trent, 
22  miles  WWN.  Trent. 

Clinovo,  or  Kliuno,  a  town  of  Turkilh 
Dalmatia,  generally  ufed  as  a  place  of  ren- 
dezvous in  time  of  war,  and  a  depot  of  arms 
and  provilions.     30  miles  ENE.  Spalatro. 

Clinton,  a  county  of  New- York,  bounded 
on  the  noith  by  Canada,  on  the  eaft  by  lake 
Champlain,  on  the  fouth  by  the  counties  of 
Efi'ex  and  Montgomery,  and  on  the  weft  by 
the  county  of  St.  Laurence.  40  miles  frorn 
north  to  fouth,  and  2S  from  call  to  weft. 

CliJJaf  u  iortrefs  pf  i^itlmaiia,  taken  from 


C  L  0 

the  Turks  by  the  Venetians  in  the  year  1684. 
The  fort  of  C\Uh  is  undoubtedly  the  AvS/.p.oy 
of  Dion  Caffius,  and  the  Manddriuvt  of 
Pliny.  The  firft  of  thefe  ancient  writers, 
jpeaking  of  the  iiege  and  attack  under  the 
command  of  Tiberius,  dcfcribes  its  (ituiuion 
minutely,  faying,  "  that  there  was  no  plain 
of  any  kind  near  it,  that  the  hills  were  inac- 
ceffibly  fteep  and  interfecfted  by  cliffs." 
He  adds,  that  "  Tiberius  finding  the  rein- 
forcements that  repeatedly  came  up  from  the 
camp  at  Salona  to  furtain  the  Romans,  un- 
fuccefsful,  detached  a  body  of  troops  through 
crag{Ty  paths  to  gain  the  heights  which  com- 
manded Anderion  ;  whereby  the  Illyrians, 
being  expofed  on  both  fides  the  fort,  were 
obliged  to  capitulate."  Clifla  is  now  in  facft 
at  no  great  diltance  above  Salona,  built  on 
an  inacceffible  rock,  furrounded  by  cliffsand 
hollows,  and  commanded  by  the  top  of  the 
mountain.  Pliny  fpeaks  of  Mundetrium,  as 
-a  place  famous  for  deeds  of  arms ;  Cliffa  has 
been  too  much  fo,  even  in  the  times  near  to 
us,  and  would  be  fo  again  if  the  fcourge  of 
war  was  felt  in  Dalmatia,  on  account  of  its 
fituation  on  a  narrow  and  important  pafs. 
10  miles  N.  Spalatro,  28  E.  Sebenico,  Long. 
16.  44-  E.  Lat.  43.  30.  N. 
_  Clijfotj,  a  town  of  France,  and  the  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  diftrift  in  the  department  of 
the  Lower  Loire,  on  the  Sevre.  15  miles 
SE.  Nantes,  18  S.  Ancenis.  Long,  1. 12.  W. 
Lat.  \-].  3.  N. 

Clijfiira,  a  pafs  acrofs  the  mountains  from 
Bulgaria  into  Macedonia  and  Seryia.  25  m. 
S.Nifl"a. 

Clijly  a  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  Ex  a  little  below  Exeter. 

Clitcht  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  Indian 
fea,  near  the  north  coafl  of  Cumbava. 
Long.  iiy.  t.E.  Lai.  S.^.  S. 

Cl:thero,  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Lancafter,  on  the  river  Ribble,  a  market 
town  and  a  borough,  fending  tv.'o  members 
to  the  Britifh  parliament.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton,  and  a  medicinal  fpring:  the 
market-day  is  on  Saturday;  and  in  1801,  a 
population  of  1368,  of  which  443  were  em- 
ployed. It  had  formerly  a  caftle,  the  roins 
of  which  appear.  31  miles  N.  Manchefter, 
ai3  NNW.  London.  Long.  2.20.  W.  Lat. 
S3.  56.    N.  .... 

C/Itoiv,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Pilfen,  celebrated  for  its  rich  filver  mines. 

Clitionno,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  pafTcs  by 
Spoleto,  and  joins  the  Topino  between  that 
town  and  Perugia. 

Clhigei-y  a  townfhip  of  England,  in  Lan- 
cafhire,  near  Coin,  with  about  1058  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  659  are  employed. 

Cloak  Bay,  a  "bay  of  the  Nortli  Pacific 
Ocean,  caufed  by  the  proximity  of  North 
illand,  to  Queen  Charlotte's  iflaud.  Long. 
Ki'  ^5'  W.  -Lat.  J4.34'  N. 


C  L  0 

Clohuc,  fee  CU'ucz. 

Cloche,  (La,)  a  fmall  ifland  in  lake  Huron. 
Lojig.  81.  48.  W.  Lat.  45.  43.  N. 

Cloden,  a  town  of  Saxony,  near  the  Elbe. 
12  m.  SSW.  Wettcnburg,  48  NNW.  Dret 
^m.Long.  12.  56.  E.  Lat-sx.  44.  N. 

Clodagh,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs 
into  Lough  Erne,  8  miles  S.  Ennifkillcn. 

Cloda'wa,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Kalifh.     24  m.  ESE.  Gnefna. 

Clodra,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  tlic  circle 
ofNeulladt.     3  miles  E.  Wcyda. 

Chdy,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs  into 
the  Bann,   3  miles  S.  Kilrea. 

Chgher,  a  city  or  rather  village  of  Ire- 
land, in  the  county  of  Tyrone,  the  fie  of  a 
bifliop,  fufTragan  of  Armagh,  founded  by 
St  Patrick;  the  cathedral  is  alfo  the  parifh 
church.  It  fent  two  members  to  the  Irifh 
parliament.  70  miles  NNW.  Dublin,  20 
W.Armagh.  Long.  7.  5.  W.  Lat.  54.  25.  N. 

Clogker  Head,  a  cape  on  the  eail  coalt  of 
Ireland,  in  the  county  of  Louth,  Long.  6. 
12.  W.  Lat.  ^2,.  47.  N. 

Clokan  Carnoet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
departmentofFiniiferre.    4  m.  S.Quimperle. 

Clolugh,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs 
into  the  Suir,  7  miles  WNW-  Waterford. 

Clofiakilfy,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  couny 
of  Cork,  fituated  in  a  bay  of  the  Atlantc, 
called  Clonakiltv  Bay.  Before  the  union  it 
fcnt  two  members  to  the  Irilh  parliament. 
20  miles  SW.  Cork.  Long.  8.  50.  W.  Lat. 
5r-37-N. 

Clonard,  a  villageof  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Meath,  near  the  Boyne.  In  the  earlier 
ages  ofChriffianity  it  was  the  fee  of  a  billup, 
but  from  the  inroads  of  the  Danes,  and  other 
circumf^anccs,  it  has  fallen  to  decay,  la 
IC45,  '^he  whole  town,  with  its  churches, 
was  deftroyed  by  fire.    1 1  miles  SSW.  Trim. 

Ciones,  a  tov/n  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
ofMonaghan.  Merc  was  formerly  an  ab- 
bey of  regular  Auguftine  canons,  founded 
by  St.  Tigernach,  who  removed  the  fee  of 
Clogher  hither.  In  1207,  the  town  and 
abbey  were  burnt  down  by  Hugh  de  Lacie  ; 
five  years  after  they  were  rebuilt,  and  a  cafflc 
ere(51:ed,  by  theEnglifli.  In  1504,  the  fbe 
was  again  rellorcd  to  Clogher  by  Gilla 
Patrick,  fon  of  Henry  O'Connelly.  10  milts 
SW.  Monaghan. 

Clonfert,  a  city  or  village  of  Ireland,  in 
the  county  of  Galwav,  the  fee  o!f  a  bif])op, 
fiiffragan  of  Tuam,  founded  about  the  end 
of  the  6th  century,  and  united  to  Kilmac- 
duagh  in  the  year  1602.  In  the  middle  ot 
the  6th  century  a  monaffcry  was  founded 
here  by  St.  Brendan,  which,  in  839,  was 
burned  by  the  Danes,  and  the  abbot  killed: 
in  84,',  it  was  again  dclf roved  by  the  fime 
enemies:  In  1045  "the  town,  and  in  11A4 
the  abbey,  were  dcllroyedbyaccidcntal  fires. 
In  iiQi,  ihcy  v.erc  boib  plundered  by  Wm. 


C  L  O 

Burgh  and  the  fons  of  Connor;  the  ca- 
thedral and  church  are  the  fame.  36  m. 
E.  Galway. 

Clotuneil,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Tipperary,  on  the  Suir.  This 
town  was  once  fortified,  and  difmantled 
by  Olivei  Cromwell,  who  fouftd  from  the 
inhabitants  more  refillance  Ihan  he  ex- 
pefted.  It  fends  one  member  to  parlm^ 
ment.  11  miles  SSE.  Cafhel,  32  WNW. 
■  Waterford.  Lo7ig.  7.  &,%.  W.  Lat.  52. 14.  N. 

Clotimefsi  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  north-welt 
coaft  of  Ireland,  in  Sheep  Haven.  25  miles 
!NW.  Londonderry. 

Clo/nnhii's,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Wexford,  once  celebrated  for 
ics  mines.  Before  the  union  it  fcnt  two 
members  to  the  Irifh  parliam.ent.  15  m.  SW. 
Wexford.  Long.  6.  51.  W.  Lat.  52. 14.  N. 

Clonnie,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  runs 
into   Loch  Nefs. 

Clontarf,  avillage  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Dublin,  near  the  lea.  In  1014,  a  bloody 
battle  was  fought  here  between  the  Irilh  and 
the  Danes,  in  which  the  former  were  vic- 
torious, though  with  the  lofs  of  their  king 
Boirorab  and  his  fon.     2  miles  NE.  Dublin. 

Cloppenhiirgt  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bilhopric  of  Munfter,  the  principal  place  of 
a  bailiwick.  In  1635,  it  was  taken  and  for- 
tified by  the  Swedes.  The  Imperialifts  took 
it  from  the  Swedes  foon  after.  60  miles 
NNE.  Munfter,  i,r,  WSW.  Bremen.  Long. 
7.59.  E.  Z^/.  52.  50.  N. 

Clqfler  Camp,  a  place  in  the  archbifhopric 
of  Cologn,  near  Rhinberg,  where  the  Ha- 
noverians were  worfted  by  the  French  in  the 
year  1760. 

Clojhr  Neubiirg,^  town  of  Auftria,  This 
town  owes  its  riie  to  a  rich  convent  of  re- 
gular Auguftine  canons,  founded  by  St. 
Leopold  in  11 14,  which  in  1730  was  rebuilt 
in  a  magnificent  ftyle.  In  it  are  preferved 
the  body  of  the  founder,  and  the  archducal 
crown  made  here  in  15 16.  The  provoll:  is 
mitred,     ii  miles  NNW.  Vienna. 

Clqfler  Seven,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Bremen,  memorable  for  a  con- 
vention entered  into  between  the  Duke  of 
Cumberland,  and  the  Duke  of  Richelieu, 
commanderof  theFrench  armies,  in  the  year 
3758,  by  which  38,000  Hanoverians  laid 
down  their  arms,  and  were  difperled.  19 
miles  S.  Stade,  24  NNE.  Bremen. 

Cloten,  a  village  of  SwilFerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Zurich,  large  and  populous,  in 
which  a  great  number  of  antiquities  have 
been  difcovered,     6  miles  NNE.  Zurich. 

Clotnitzn,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
Iitinate  of  Lublin.    18  miles  WSW.  Lublin. 

Cloudy  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  north-call  coall 
of  Tavai  Poenammoo,  the  fouthernmofb 
itland  of  New  Zealand.  10  miles  NNW. 
Cape  CampbeL 


C  L  U 

ClovenCliff,  arockypjojecliononthe  north 
part  of  an  ifland  near  the  north-weft  coaft 
of  Spitzbergen;  fo  called  by  Captain  Phipps, 
from  its  refeniblance  to  a  cloven  hoof. 
Z-ij/2^.  9.  59.  E.  Z«r.  79.  53.  N. 

Cloven  IJland,  an  ifland  in  the  Mergui 
Archipelago,  about  7  miles  in  circumference. 
Lat..  TO.  13.  N. 

Clover  Creek,  a  river  of  Kentucky,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio,  LQ7ig.  87.  3.  W.  Lat. 
37.  34.  N. 

Clover  Forejl,  a  town  of  Virginia.  45 
miles  SW.  Richmond. 

Clough,  a  river  of  Fez,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic  at  Old  Mjhmora. 

Clo'vjadok,  a  river  ot  South-Wales,  which 
runs  into  the  Ython,  at  Llanbadern  in  Rad- 
norfliire. 

Clovjey,  a  lake  of  North-America.  Long. 
106.  15.  W. //<?/.  62.  20.  N. 

Clonvey,  a  river  of  North -America,  which 
runs  from  lake  Clowey  to  lake  Arathapefco. 

Cloye,  or  Cloij ,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Eure  and  Loire,  con- 
taining about  1000  inhabitants.  5  m.  SW. 
Chateaudun. 

Cloyne,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Cork,  the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  fuffragan  of 
Cafliel.     15  miles  E.  Cork. 

Cluale,  a  town  of  United  America,  in  the 
ftate  of  Georgia.     15  miles  S.  Oakfuflcee. 

Clugny,  an  ifland  in  the  Southern  Indian 
Ocean,  difcovered  by  Kerguelen,  near  the 
north  coaft  of  Kerguelen's  Land.  Long, 
68.  40.  E.  Z^?.  48.  46.8. 

Clugny,  fee  Climy. 

Cluis  Dejfoiis,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Indre.  6  miles  NW. 
Aigurande. 

Cluis  Dejfus,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Indre.    10  m.  E.  Argenton. 

Clnn,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  Temde,  5  m.  W.  Ludlow  in  Shropfliire. 
■  Clundert,  or  Khindcrt,  aftrong  town  of 
Holland,  formerly  called  Neuwervaert,  fitu- 
ated  on  a  river  or  canal  which  runs  from  the 
Mcrwe,  and  forms  the  trad:  on  which  this 
town  and  Vviliiamftadt  ftandinto  an  ifland. 
It  was  taken  by  the  French  Jn  March  1793, 
and  foon  after  evacuated.  10  miles  WNW. 
Breda,  5  ESE.  Williamftadt.  Long.  4.  23. 
"E,.  Lat.  51.  39.  N. 

Cluny,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Saone  and  Loire,  fituated  be- 
tween two  mountains,  on  the  Grone:  where 
was  a  celebrated  Benediftine  abbey,  founded 
by  William  duke  of  Aquitaine.  The  church 
is  fuppofed  to  be  one  of  the  largeft  in 
France.  The  town  contains  three  parilhes 
but  is  not  populous.  9  miles  NW.  Macon, 
21  S.  Chalons-lur-Saone. 

Clufs,  a  place  of  SwilFerland,  where  there 
is  a  palfage  over  the  edge  of  Mount  Jurat 
10  miles  KE.  Soleure. 


C  L  Y 

CI  ffe,  (La,)  a  town  of  Fnncc,  in  the  dc- 
pai'tment  of  the  Leni;in,  on  the  Arvc.  24 
miles  SE.  Geneva. 

Clufe,  (La,)  or  U Eclufc,  a  fortrefs  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Ain,  en 
the  right  bank  of  the  Rhone.  La  Cluie  lias 
rothing  reniarkable  except  its  filuaiion, 
which  is  particularly  intercfting,  being  as 
thougli  ftuck  to  the  bare  rock  of  the  jura, 
which  Ihclvcs  over  a  part  of  its  fortifica- 
tions and  outworks;  while  the  remainder  of 
the  building  hangs'  as  it  were  fulpended 
above  the  narrow  but  impetuous  courle  of 
the  Rhone,  on  wide  calcareous  llrata,  wiiich 
projcd  from  the  balls  of  the  mountain; 
iriany  of  thefe  lower  ftrata  differ  niatcri- 
ally  troni  the  upper,  or  thofe  v/hich  com- 
mand the  fort,  the  ftones  being  thicker, 
more  folid,  and  having  fewer  foilils  con- 
tained in  them.  The  name  given  to  this 
little  fortrefs  is  doubtlefs  owing  to  its  being 
lituatcd  at  the  entrance  of  a  defile,  fcrving 
as  a  door  or  barrier.  This  poll  is  defended 
bv  only  two  or  three  towers,  with  baflions, 
a  few  battlements,  and  a  couple  of  modern 
Heches,  conllruifled  with  dry  mafonry.  It 
contains  an  excellent  houfe  for  the  com- 
mandant and  ofncers  of  excife,  and  two 
round  towers  originally  kept  for  Hate  pri- 
foner'.  In  i^jf'i,  it  was  taken  by  the  V>ix- 
ncis  from  Charles  !il.  duke  of  Savoy,  by 
whom  Gex  was  tlien  held,  and  of  which 
this  makes  part;  but  was  afterwards  reftored 
in  1565.  It  next  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Genevefe,  in  1589  ;  but  in  confequence  of 
the  cefiion  of  La  BrefTe,  Bugey,  and  Gex, 
to  the  French.,  at  the  treaty  of  I^yons, 
in  1 601,  the  fort  was  delivered  up  to  the 
French  troops. 

Clujone,  a' town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Adda  and  Oglio.  16  miles 
xnE.  Bergamo. 

Clu-jc'fseck,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
dutchy  of  Holflein.  5  m.  ENE.  Rendfburg, 

Ckvyd,  ov  Cliiyd,  a  river  of  North-Wales, 
which  runs  through  a  vale  of  the  lame  name, 
pafTes  by  Ruthin,"  St.  Afaph,  S:c.  and  runs 
into  the'lriPa  fea,  6  miles  below  the  latter 
tov.-n.  The  vale  of  Clwyd  is  reckoned  to 
be  one  of  the  mofl:  beautiful  and  fertile  tracts 
in  'Wales. 

Clyhsa,  or  Akllhia,  a  town  of  Africa,  in 
the  kingdom  of  Tunis,  on  a  projefling 
headland  on  the  eaft  coaft,  Vv^hich  fiom  its 
fuppyfed  refemblance  to  a  fliield,  gave  name 
to  the  town,  being  calkd  Clupea  or  Cly- 
pea  by  the  Romans,  and  Ao-ttis  by  the  Greeks. 
Nothing  remains  of  the  ancient  tov/n.  The 
callile  is  a  modern  edifice,  and  is  about  a 
mile  from  the  ancient  fpot.  42  miles  E. 
Tunis.     Long.  11.  21.  E.  Lat.  36,  29.  N. 

Chdc,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  riles  in 
the  fbuthern  part  of  Lanerkiliire,  paiies  by 
Lancrk,  Hamilton,  Glafgow,  Renfrew,  Dan- 

VOL.  I.  Qjl 


C  O  A 

barton,  Zee.  .md  fhrms  tiic  arm  of  the  ft.i, 
called  the  Frith  of  Clyde,  at  tlie  fouthcrn 
extremity  of  the  illand  of  Bute. 

Clyd.fJcilc,  a  dilhitft  of  Scotland,  in  the 
fouth  part  of  the  county  of  Lancrk. 

Clytheijcff,  a  cape  of  Scotlanil,  in  the 
German  Ocean,  on  the  fouth-eall  coaft  of 
the  county  of  Caithncfs.  Long.  3.  3.  W. 
Lat.  58.  18.  N. 

C?iop:fz,  a  river  of  Carinthia,  whirlj 
runs  into  the  Drave,  about  6  miles  SW. 
Saxenburg. 

Cnothondorf,  a  town  of  Hungary.  iS  m. 
W.  'I'okay. 

Coa,  a  river  of  Portugal,  which  runs  into 
tlie  Duero,  iz  miles  luuth  St.  Joanno  dc 
Pefquiera. 

Coa,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Enftern  Indi.un 
fea,  near  the  ibuth  coaft  of  the  illand  of 
Flores.    Long.  121.  51.  F:.  Lat.  8.  f  o.S. 

Coacher,  a  town  of  ilindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
17  miles  N.  Saferam. 

Coadinii,-:,  a  town  of  Pruflin,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Samland.     14  miles  NW.  Tillct. 

Coadlatoor,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in 
Tinevelly,  near  the  coaft.  25  miles  E. 
Coilpetta. 

Coaganmra,  a  town  of  Bengal.  24  miles 
S.  Moorley. 

Coahy,  a  town  of  England,  in  Glouccf^ 
terfhire,  with  800  inhabitants,  of  whom 
more  than  half  are  employed  in  trade  and 
manufaflures.     5  miles  N.  Durllcy. 

Coanawa,  a  river  of  Guiana,  which  runs 
Into  the  Atlantic,  Long.^£,.'\N .  Lat.r^.i^.V.. 

Coan  Cred:,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
runs  into  the  Potomack,  Long.  76.  34.  W. 
J.at.  38.  4.  N._ 

CoangOy  a  river  of  Africa,  which  rifjs 
in  the  interior  parts,  and  when  near  the  fea, 
changes  its  name  to  Zaire  or  Zaira,  fe;; 
Zaire. 

Coanaivini,  a  river  of  Guiana,  which 
runs  Into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  51.  56.  W. 
Lat.  2.  55.  N. 

Coanjedla,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in 
Golconda.     25  miles  WNW.  Cuiioor. 

Coanio7!gy  a  town  of  Pegu,  on  an  illand 
In  tlie  river  Pcrfain.     36   miles  N.  Perf.iin. 

Coajiza,  a  river  of  Africa,  wljich  rills 
far  in  the  interior  parts,  and  after  crofiinjr 
the  kingdom  cf  Angola,  runs  into  the  At- 
lantic, Long.  13.  10.  E.  //(//.  9.30.  S. 

Coari,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  a  river  of  the 
fame  name.  1 70  miles  W.  Fort  Rio  Negro. 

Coari,  a  river  of  South-America,  which 
runs  into  the  river  of  the  Amazons,  in  Bra- 
zil, J^at.  4.  5.  S. 

Coascourjy,  a  town  of  Ilindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.     8  miles  NNt'.  Nattani. 

C'^ajhia.,  a  tov/n  of  the  illand  of  Coilici. 
5  miles  N.  Ccrvione. 

Coatarcn,  a  tov/n  of  Per  (la,  in  Faifiilaa 
45  milc^N.  l!t-.kar. 


COB 


C  O  C 


Coaiapec,  a  town  of  Mexico.  30  miles 
S.  Mexico. 

Ccatlcm,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Lat.  15,  ij.  N. 

Coatoor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
provinceofDindigul.  6m.N. Ootampaleam. 

Coavo,  or  Cuavo,  a  river  of  Africa,  Vv^hicli 
runs  into  the  Indian  fea,  Long.  40.  20.  E, 
Lat.  8.  40.  S. 

Coha,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  province 
of  Nedsjed.     135  miles  NE.  Mecca. 

Cobador.ga,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Afturia. 
35  miles  E.  Oviedo. 

CohagKa,  a  fmal!  ifland  in  the  Caribbean 
fea,  near  th.e  coaft  of  South-America.  Long. 
64.  26.--  W.   Lat.  10.  50.  N. 

Cohan,  fee  Vera  Paz. 

Cobbe,  a  town,  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Dar-Fur,  containingiibout  6oco  inhabi- 
tants.    Long..  23.  8.  E.  Lai.  14.  11.  N. 

Cobbs,  a  town  of  United  America,  in  the 
ftate  of  Virginia,     20  m.  SW.  Riclimond. 

Cober,  a  river  of  England,  in  the  county 
©f  Cornwall,  which  runs  into  the  Englifii 
Channel  a  little  belov/  Kelllon. 

Cobham,  a  town  of  United  America,  in 
ftate  of  Virginia,  on  the  eaft  f'de  of  James 
river.  *45  miles  SE.  Richmond.  Long.  76. 
55.  W.  Lat.  37.  7.  N. 

Cohi,  a  defert  part  of  Tartary,  called  by 
the  Chinefe  Chamo,  bounded  on.  the  nordi 
by  the  country  of  the  Kalkas,  on  the  eaft  by 
the  Mo"g"'s  and  Chinefe  Tartary,  on  the 
fouth  by  China,  and  on  the  well  by  Kalmuc 
Tartary. 

Cobi,  a  river  which  rifes  in  Imiretta, 
crolies  Mingrelia,  and  runs  into  the  Black 
fea,  26  miles  S.  Anarghia. 

Cobi,  a  town  of  Mingrelia,  on  a  river  of 
the  fame  name.     20  miles  S.  Anarghia. 

Cij/'/y^^,  afeaporttown  of  South-America, 
on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean ; 
v/ith  a  good  harbour  for  velfels  carrying  the 
meta!  from  the  neighbouring  mines.  Long. 
7c.  20.  W.  Lat.  2i.  20=  S. 

Coblentz,  a  city  of  i^Vance,  and  capital 
of  the  department  of  the  Rhine  and  Mofelle, 
Jately  in  the  electorate  of  Treves,  iituated 
sit  the  conflux  of  the  Rhine  and  the  Mofelle ; 
with  a  bridge  of  boats  over  the  former,  and 
a  ftone  bridge  over  the  latter.  In  the  time 
of  the  Romans,  the  ftation  of  the  fuTc  legion  : 
after  tliem  the  refidence  of  the  fucce'Tors  of 
Charlemagne.  It  was  furrounded  with  v/alls 
in  the  year  1249,  ^.nd  fortiiied  fince  that 
time.  The  cleitor-  had  a  palace  here,  built 
about  tv/enty  years  fince.  It  contains  three 
large  churches,  two  of  which  are  collegiate, 
a  college,  eight  convents,  &c.  The  tov/n 
W.LS  formerly  Imperial.  It  wrs  taken  by 
t'--e  French  in  the  month  of  OcStob'er  1794. 
-6  miles  N\V.  Mentz,  54  NE.  Treves. 
Kofig.^  7.  34.  E.  Lat.  so.  zL  N. 

CobkiiiZ,  a  town  of  bwiflerland,.  in  tlie 


diftricl  of  Baden,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Aar 
and  the  Rhine.     10  miles  NNW.  Baden. 

Cobo,  a  river  of  Africa,  wliich  rifes  in 
Sofala,  and  Tuns  into  the  Indian  fea,  Lat. 
19.  45.  S. 

Cobos,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Tucuman.     25  miles  SSE.  Salta. 

Coboze,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  eaft  coaft  of  Siam.  Long.  97.  20. 
E.  Lat.  12.  43.  N. 

Cobra,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  10  m.  E.  Cape  Apollonia. 

Cohradori  one  of  the  fmalier  Philippine 
lilands.     3  m.  from  the  ifland  of  Romblon. 

Cobras,  an  ifland  of  South-America,  in 
the  Atlantic,  near  the  coalf  of  Brafil,  on 
the  fouth  fide  of  the  river  Janeiro,  oppofits 
the  city. 

Cobras,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Africa.  Lat.  6.  45.  S. 

Cobre,  {El,)  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.- 
10  miles  W.  St.  Jago. 

Cobnrg,  {Principality  of,)  Iituated  near 
the  river  Saal,  between  the  territories  of  Ba- 
reith,  Thuringia,  Ilenneberg,  andBamberg, 
in  the  circle  of  Franconia,  but  dependent  011 
the  circle  of  Upper  Saxony.  It  formerly  be- 
longed to  the  countsof  Henneberg;  butpaffed 
by  marriage  to  the  houfe  of  Saxony,  and 
is  divided  among  four  branches,  Saxe- 
Coburg-Saalfeld,  or  Saxe-Saalfeld,  Saxe-Mei- 
nungen,  Saxe-Gotha,  and  Saxe-IIildburg- 
haufen.  The  land  is  generally  fertile,  and 
the  inhabitants  export  a  little  corn,  wool, 
fit  cattle,  tiles,  works  in  wood,  pitch, 
and  pot-afl}. 

Cobnrg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Upper  Saxony,  butinfulated  in  Franconia, 
of  which  it  formerly  made  a  part  when  in 
the  pofl'elfion  of  the  counts  of  Henneberg 
in  the  14th  century.  It  is  t\o\<j  the  refidence 
of  the  dukes  of  Saxe-Saalfeld,  and  is  fituated 
on  the  river  Itfch,  in  a  valley  between  two 
mountains ;  the  town  and  fuburbs  are  fur- 
rounded  v/ith  a  wall.  Here  are  four  churches 
anda  college,  foundedbyjohn  Cafimer  duke 
of  Saxony  in.  1597,  and  a  public  fchool  ; 
with  manufadluresof  gold,  filver,  china,  and 
petrified  wood,  with  which  the  country 
abounds.  23  miles  N.  Bamberg,  40  S.  Wei-' 
mar.  Long.  11.  5.  E.  Lat.  50.  13.  N. 

Coca,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Cafcile,  011 
the  Erefma;  here  is  a  caff  le  in  v.-luch  Philip 
William  prince  of  Orange  was  imprifbned. 
24  miles  SSE,  Valladolid,  22  NW.  Segovia. 

Coch  Bihar,  fee  Coof^Beybar. 

Cocka,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  dioccfe  of 
Cufco.     70  miles  S.  Cuico. 

Cochacaja,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe 
of  Cufco.-    70  miles  WNW.  Cufco. 

Cocke,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Caribbean  fea, 
between  the  iflaixl  of  Margarita  and  the 
continent  of  South-America.  Long.  64,  6. 
W.  Lat.xo.i,o.  N. 


c  o  c 

Cocheini,  or  Koche'wi,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Sarre,  on  the  Mo- 
felie;  tbrmerlv  T'lpeiial,  b'.it  annexed  to  the 
eledorate  of  Treves,  in  the  year  i;.:o,  by 
the  emperor  Adolphus  de  NaiTau.  30  miles 
NE.  Treves,  46  NE.  Luxemburg.  Lo7ig, 
7.  7.  ^.Lat.  50.  12.  N. 

tocher,  a  river  of  Gcrmanv,  which  runs 
into  the  Neckar  near  Wimpfen,  in  the 
circle  of  Swabia. 

Cod cr-A,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eure,  noted  for  a  victory  gained 
by  Gueillin  over  the  kiiig  of  Navarre,  in  the 
year  ii;64.     7  miles  E.  Evreux. 

Cochilla,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  gulf  of  Tarento,  betv/een  Caffano 
and  Rofliino. 

Cochin,  a  feaport  of  Hindooflan,  on  the 
coaft  of  Malabar,  in  a  country  to  which  it 
gives  name,  chiefly  reforted  to  for  pepper. 
The  Portuguefe  had  a  fettlement  here,  but 
they  were  difpoffefTed  by  the  Dutch.  This 
city  ftands  at  the  north-weft  point  of  an 
ifland,  which  is  about  70  miles  in  length 
and  8  in  breadth;  to  the  fouth  the  ifland  is 
formed  by  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  Cali- 
Coylang,  and  to  the  north  by  that  which 
runs  fi-om  Cranganore,  and  f^parates  it  from 
the  ifland  of  Baypin.  The  torm  of  the  city 
.  is  nearly  femicircular,  and  it  is  about  a  mile 
and  a  balf  in  circumference:  on  the  land 
fide  it  is  fortified  by  fix  Jarge  baftions  and 
a  cavalier,  and  to  the  eaftward  it  has  an  irre- 
gular outwork  ;  on  the  water  flde  it  is  pro- 
vided with  a  fubftantial  wall,  in  which  there 
are  loop-holes  for  fmall  arms,  and  which 
terminates  at  the  eail  end  in  a  ravelin  before 
the  cavalier;  a  wet  ditch  runs  round  livck 
works,-  and  before  it  is  a  covered  v/ay  and- 
glacis,  tolerably  well  executed.  Aldiough  it 
cannot  be  faid  that  the  greateil  part  ofthefe 
fortifications  are  conlbudted  according  to 
the  exaft  rules  of  art,  yet  the  place  is  luf- 
ficiendy  fortified  to  withftand  a  coup  de 
7nain,  and  it  would  require  a  regular  flege 
to  take  if.  Cochin  has  three  gates:  the 
principal  buildings  are  the  church  and  the 
government-houie:  the  former  is  a  pretty 
large,  oblong  edifice,  in  which  there  is 
a  very  indifferent  organ;  the  latter  is  a 
roomy,  commodious,  and  airy  macfion, 
fronting  a  large  plain,  and  appropriated  for 
the  relidence  of  the  governor;  oppofiteto 
it  ftands  the  main-guard,  and  on  the  lefthde 
are  the  barracks  for  the  body-guards  of  the 
governor.  The  ftreets,  which  are  in  ge- 
neral wide,  are  neatly  kept,  but  they  are 
not  embeUiflred  v/ith  many  handfome  houfes. 
There  is  a  city  hotel,  where  ftrangers  are 
accommodated  with  lodgings.  In  i795>_Jt 
was  taken  by  the  Englidi.  Lo7ig  76.  2.  E. 
Lat.  9.  ;8.  N. 

Cochin,  a  country  of  India,  on  the  coaft  of 
Malabar,  fituated  to  the  northward  of  the 

Oil* 


C  0  c 

Trr.vancorc.  The  inhabitants  are  idolaters; 
and  it  is  laid  that  the  women  take  as  many 
hufljands  as  they  picafe.  Their  chief  trade 
is  in  the  hands  of  the  Dutch. 

Cochin-china,  a  country  of  Afia,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Ton-quin,  on  the  eaft  by  the 
Indian  lea,  part  of  which,  between  the  con- 
tinent and  the  ifland  of  H.ii-nan,  is  called 
the  gulf  of  Cochin-china;  on  the  foutli  it  is 
bounded  by  Chiampa,  and  on  the  weft  by 
Laos  and  Cambodia.  This  kingdom  contains 
about  fifty  good  feaport  towns,  and  is  di- 
vided into  fix  provinces,  to  each  of  which 
bJongs  a  governor  and  a  feat  of  juitice.  It 
is  about  450  miles  in  length,  and  105  in 
breadth.  The  principal  productions  are 
rice  of  fevcral  forts,  millet,  maize,  peppc'-, 
indigo,  faffron,  carthamus,  tea,  filk,  &.c. 
Among  the  trees  are  the  varnifli  tree,  cotton, 
mulberry,  eagle-wood,  aloes,  rofe-wood,  and 
cinnamon.  They  have  mines  of  gold  and 
iron,  and  quarries  of  diflferent  kinds  of 
marble.  Among  the  animals  are  elephants, 
tygers,  rhinocerofes,  ftags,  antelopes,  buffa- 
loes, &c.  The  birds  are  various  and  abun- 
dant ;  and  on  the  fea  coaft  are  found  thole 
birds'  ncfts,  white  asfnow,  lb  much  fought 
for  in  Afia,  as  a  delicacy  at  the  tables  of  the 
luxurious  and  rich.  The  fugar-cane  is  eaten 
as  fruit  in  Europe:  the  inhabitants  cultivate 
two  kinds,  and  the  commerce  is  immenfc  ; 
China  alone  is  iiiid  to  take,  one  year  with 
another,  800,000  quintals.  Other  articles 
of  commerce  arc  odoriferous  woods,  ivory, 
muflc,  honey,  wax,  filk,'  and  pepper.  The 
manners  of  the  inhabitants  are  limple;  they 

are  affable,  mild,  laborious,  and  holpitable ; 

their  chief  nourifliment  confifts  in  rice  and 

fifli.     As  to  their  roligipn,  they  in  general 

believe  themetempfichofis,  ortranfmigrution 

of  fouls. 

Cockino,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Lcmno. 

Long.  25.  22.  E.  Lat.  39.  57.  N. 

Cochiuos,   or  Hog  IJlands,  a  clufter  of 

fm.all  iflands  in  the  bay  of  Honduras.   Long. 

87.10.  W.Lat.  IS-  58.  N. 

Cochimtzu,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland 

of  Ximo.     18  miles  SW.  Ximabara. 
Cochiti,  a  town  of  New  Mexico.     25  m. 

SW.  Santa  Fe. 

Cockhurn  IJlands,  a  group  of  fmall  iflands 

near  the  north-eaft  coaft  of  New  Holland. 

Long.  217.  18.  W.  Lat.  II.  5:.  S. 

Cock,  a  tov/n  of  South  Carolina,  on  the 

Pedee.     46  miles  NNW.  Qucenboroucb. 
Cockhnrnpath,  arifliing  town  ofScodand, 

on  the  fca-coaft  of  the  county  of  Berwick. 

14  miles NW.Berv/ick,  8  SE.  Dunbir. 
Cocker,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs 

into  the  Dcrwent  at  Cuckermouth. 

Cockeitiioutk,  a  town  of  Enj^Und,  in  the 

county  of  Cumberland,  fituated  at  the  con- 
flux of  the  Cocker  and  the  Derwent.  Tl»e 

piincipal  manuf..aures  carried  on  here  aie 


c  o  c 

hats  for  exportation,  fhalloons,  coarfe  woel- 
lens,  and  coarie  linen;  with  coniiderable 
tanneries.  There  are  two  markets  weekly, 
on  Monday  and  Saturday.  It  fends  two 
members  to  parliament.  In  i8ci,the  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  was  2685,  of  whom 
IJ45  were  employed  in  trade  and  manufac- 
tures. Here  are  the  ruins  of  a  caitle^  which 
during  the  civil  wars  was  garrifoned  for  the 
king:  and  being  taken  by  the  parliament 
forces,  it  was  demolifhed.  42  m.  N.,Kenda], 
299  N.  London.  Lo?:g.  3.  15.  W.  Lat. 
j4.  35.  N. 

CocklejhcH  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  eafl:  coafc  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftopher.  l.ong.  62. 
22.  W.   Lat.  17.  22.  N. 

Cockfakie,  a  town  oF  New-York,  in_  the 
county  of  Green,  on  ihe  right  bank  of  the 
iludfon.     1 3  miles  S.  Albany. 

C^c/i'ja  riverofDarien, which  runs  intothe 
Spanifhmair,  Long.  80.35. VV.  Lat.  9.  5  N. 

Coco,  a  river  cf  Mexico,  which  runs  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  Lat.  7.  8.  N.  _ 

Coco,  a  fniall  illand  in  the  Spanill-i  main, 
near  the  coaft  of  Veragua.  Lofg.  82.  30. 
W.  Lat.  8.  10.  N. 

Cocoa  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  m  the  Eaftcrn 
Indian  fea,  near  the  fouth  coaft  of  tlie  ifland 
of  Pora.     Long.  99.  27.  E.  Lat.  2.  27.  S. 

Cocoa  IJland,  fee  Mount  of  Cocoas. 

Cocoa  IJlands,  tv.o  fmall  iflands  in  the 
Eaftern  Indian  fea,  near  the  weft  cca'T:  of 
Sumatra.   Long.  95.50.  E.  Lat.%.  ;8.N. 

Cocoa  Point,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  oi  t!;e 
ifland  of  Tinian. 

Cocoa-Nut  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Roberts's  ifland,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
difcovered  by  Lieutenant  Hergeft.  Good 
anchorage  and  regular  foun dinars  were  found 
from  18  to  5  fathoms  water;  the  bottom,  a 
fine  clear  land;  an  excellent  run  of  frefli  wa- 
ter dlli:harged  itfelf  into  the  bay,  near  a  grove 
of  cocoa-nut  trees-  Here  fome  of  the  Jhip's 
company  landed,  and  found  a  place  of  in- 
terment, and  a  hut  near  half  a  mile  from  it 
by  the  iide  of  a  hilJ;  but  there  were  no  people, 
nor  the  appearance  of  any  having  been  re- 
cently there;  although  it  was  manifeft  that 
they  did  on  fome  occahons  relbrt  to  the 
ifland.  This  induced  Mr.  Hergeft  to  for- 
bear cutting  down  any  of  .the  cocoa-nut 
trees,  as  he  liad  iirft  intended  to  do]  and_ 
he  procured  by  other  means,  as  niany  of 
the  fruit  as  ferved  the  whole  crew  with  live 
l:)  each  perfon.  The  landing  was  but  iii- 
diiTcrcnt  on  account  of  tiie  iurf,  but  water 
i'  ealily  to  he  obtained.  Long.  219.  48.  E. 

Lat.  T.  2,5'^' 

Cojoa-Nuf  KcY,  ;>■  fmall  ifland  in  the  S\xi- 
mih  ir.ain,  near  the  tloicjuito  flaore.  J.ong. 
82.  20.  W.  Ijat.  15  52.  N. 

Cocoa-Nut  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  near  tlie 
weft  coaft  of  Sumatra.  Long,  95.  35.  E. 
Lat.  4.  38.  N.  .       '  . 


C  0  c 

Cocoa  Nut  /fi?)',  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  bay  of 
Honduras,  near  the  coaft  of  Mexico.  Long. 
89.  S.W.Lat.  16.  25.  N.  _ 

Cocoa-nut  I/Iand,^{m-A[  ifland  at  the  en- 
trance of  Carteret's  harbour,  on  the  fouth- 
eaft  coaft  of  New  Ireland. 

Cocoa-nnt  Point,  the  fouth-eaft  extremity 
of  the  ifland  of  Gilolo.  Long.  128.  26.  E. 
Lat.  o.  44.  S. 

Cocoa-tree  Point,  a  cape  on  the  ncith- 
weft  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Bali.  Long.  114. 
33.  E.  Lat.  I.  2.  S. 

Coconiejfacki,  a  town  of  New  "Mexico,  in 
the  provmce  of  Mayo.  140  miles  ESE. 
Santa  Cruz. 

Cocorin,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  the 
provmce  of  Hiaqui.     25  m.  S.  Riochico. 

Cocorocunia,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Spar.ifli 
main,  pear  the  Mofquito  fliore.  Long.  83. 
36.  W.  I^at.  15.  50.  N. 

Coconato,a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Marengo.    4  miles  S.  Verrua. 

Cocorto,  a  town  of  Thibet.  50  miles  SW. 
Tchontcn. 

Cocoj  IJJand,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  ~ 
Indian   fea,  eaft   of  the  ifland  of  Naflau. 
Long.  100.  3.  E.   Lat.  3.  U.S. 

Cocos  JJIand,  an  ifland  in'  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  which  Captain  Vancouver  Viiited 
on  his  return  froni  examining  the  v/eftern 
(liores  of  North-America,  to  obtain  a  fapply 
of  v/ood  and  water;  and  according  to  the 
mean  of  four  obfervatiou?,  alcertained  t]:e 
latitude  at  5.  z-S-  N.  This,  he  fays,  dif- 
fering fo  materially  from  the  latitude  as 
ftated  in  Lord  Anfon's  and  other  voyages, 
and  the  gcn-eral  appearance  of  this  ifland  lb 
little  correfponding  with  the  defcriptioa 
giren  of  the  ifland  of  Cocos,  e'pecially  by 
Dampier  and  Wafer,  gave  r:li_'  to  l()me 
doubts  as  to  its  being  the  identical  ifland  fo 
defcribed  by  thofe  gentlemen.  Be  that  as  it 
may,  he  fays,  the  advantages  it  afforded  us 
not  only  in  the  articles  ahxctdy  mentioned, 
but  in  an  abundance  of  very  fine  iifli,- were 
higldy  important ;  and  as  the  foil  was  app;i- 
rently  capable  of  afFoi  ding  a  variety  or  ufe- 
ful  vegetables,  this  ifland  did  not  fail  to 
attract  our  particular  attention ;  and  being 
anxious  to  acquire  every  informiation  ref  pelt- 
ing it  that  pur  fhort  ilay  would  allow  of, 
I  difpatchcd  I\]r.  Whidbey  on  Saturday 
morning,  in  the  large  cvitter,  to  take  a  fl>:etch 
of  its  ihores  ;  t';;is  lervice  he  performed,  and 
returned  about  four  in  tl^e  afternoon,  having 
found  them  to  be  compofcd  of  ftcep  perpen- 
dicular rocky  cliffs,  v/ith  fome  iflcts  and 
recks  near  them,  on  wliich  the  fea  broke 
widi  lb  much  violence  as  to  preclude  any 
iittcmpt  to  land  in  any  part,  excepting  in 
th;j  bay  to  the  weftward  of  the  anchorage 
we  had  taken,  and  in  that  in  which  the  vcl- 
fels  v/ere  moored;  which  were  tlic  only  two 
lituations   oil  the  iilaad    to   which  vcficis 


c  o  c 

could  rcfort.  At  the  p';ice  on  (bore,  wliere 
our  oper;itions  were  goiu.q  on,  I  had  ob- 
lerved  evident  marks  c-'  European  vifitcrs, 
from  the  trees  having  b^en  felled  with  axes 
and  laws,  whiiil  the  decayed  Hate  of  tb-c 
remaining  flumps  pro\ed  that  they  had  not 
been  very  recently  cut  down.  In  thi:;  wef- 
tern  bay,  near  to  the  frefh  water  brook,  a 
bottle  wasfufpended  en  a  tree,  containing  a 
note,  direded  tothe  commander  of  any  vcf- 
fel  that  might  vifit  the  ifl.md,  and  figned 
'  James  Colnett,'  I1:j.ting,  that  the  ihip  Ilarlcr, 
South-{t;a  wiialer,  of  Loudon,  had  arrived 
on  the  26th  of  July  179;,,  and  after  pro- 
curing wood,  water,  and  other  r'Jrclhmtnts, 
had  pioceedcd  on  her  voyage,  all  in  good 
health  ;  tliat  previoufly  to.  her  departure,  a 
breed  of  hogs  and  goats  had  been  ffl  on 
the  idand,  and  a  variCiv  of  garden-feeds  hid 
been  fown;  but  the  Ipot  where  thefe  v.duabie 
articles  had  been  depolited  did  rot  happen  to 
fall  Vv'ithin  the  limits  ofcur  obf;rvatiop.  It 
does  not,  fr-^ra  any  account  v;ith  which  I 
ajii  acquainted,  appear  to  whom  we  are 
indebted  for  the  diicovery  of  this  valuable 
little  ifland  ;  nor  indeed  do  the  feveral  de- 
Icriptions  of  the  ifland  of  Cocos  much  ac- 
cord with  each  other,  or  agree  v/itii  that 
we  found  to  be  its  fituation  or  appearance. 
The  ifland  feen  by  Lord  Anion,  of  which 
he  was  within  fight  for  five  days,  and  con- 
fidered  by  him  to  be  the  idand  of  Cocos,  is 
Hated  in  his  voyage  to  be  fuuated  thirteen 
minutes  to  the  fouth  of  what  was  found  by 
o.ur  calculations  to  be  tlie  latitude  of  this 
ifland  ;  but  the  greateft  difference  is  in  the 
accounts  given  of  the  illand  of  Cocos  by 
Dampier,  and  Lionel  Wafer :  thefe  differ 
lb  very  materially  from  our  obfervations,  in 
point  of  extent  of  fituation  and  appearance, 
that  their  reprelentations  muft  either  be  cx- 
ceflivelv  erroneous,  or  they  muft  belong  to 
fome  other  ifland.  After  taking  all  thefe 
circumftances  into  conndenuiun,  it  appeared 
to  me  by  no  means  unlikely  that  feme  other 
ifland  might  exiil  not  far  remote  from  this, 
to  vvhich  thcle  apparently  contradictory  re^ 
ports  v.-ould  apply.  According  to  theiketcl2 
made  by  Mr.  Whidbey,  the  iiland  of  Cocos 
is  about  12  miles  in  circumference,  lymg  in 
a  nonh-eaft  and  fouth-v/elt  direftion.  It  is 
about  four  miles  long  and  two  broud,  v^ith 
detached  rocks  and  iflets  fc;!tiered  about 
its  fliores;  thofe  lying  oil  its  louth-welt 
part  extend  to  the  greateft  diflance,  which 
is  nearly  tv/o  miles,  but  tl.cv  cannot  be  con- 
fidered  as  dangerous,  becaufe  they  are  lufh- 
ciently  high  to  be  feen  and  avoided.  _  In 
refpecr  of  its  future  utility,  the  firlt  object 
ofconfideration  to  maritime  people  is  the^ 
iibundant  fupply  of  water  that  it  allords, 
which  abounds  in  every  part  of  the  lilano  of 
excellent  quality,  and  is  to  be  calily  pro- 
tuicd  at  the  llations  to  which  vcllds  can 


CO  c 

rcfort.  The  feil  in  the  immediate  neigli- 
bourhood  of  the  ftivanis  that  fill  into  each 
of  the  bays  is  of  a  poor,  loofe,  fandy  nature; 
but  at  a  little  dilfancc,  behind  the  beach, 
and  in  the  fiifures  of  the  mcTcs,  a  ricli 
black  mould  was  obferved,  apparently  capa- 
ble of  affording  much  vcpi  table  nourifh- 
ment.  All  its  vegetable  produ^^tions  ap- 
peared to  .grow  luxuriantly,  and  covered 
the  illajid  in  one  intire  wildernels.  On  the 
rocky  cliffs  near  the  fea  fide,  whofe  uneven 
111- f '. ;c  admitted  the  growth  of  veg'tables, 
a  c.i.r.fe  kind  of  grafs  is  produced,  that 
aff"idedan  excellent  retreat  for  the  diffe- 
rent kinds  of  fea  fowl  which  refort  thither 
to  roofl  and  build  their  nell:s,  or  more  pro- 
perl  vfpeaking  to  lay  their  eggs,  as  they  aic 
at  little  pains  to  form  a  nefl  of  any  dcferip- 
tion.  About  thefe  cliffs  grow?  a  very  parti- 
cular kind  of  tree,  fonietliing  like  the  clotli 
P'lant  of  t!ie  S  vath-fea  iflands,  but  miicli 
larger;  fome  of  thcle  grow  to  tlie  height 
uf  about  thirty  f.'et,  are  of  a  lightiih  coloured 
bark,  free  from,  branches  to  the  top,  u  hich 
is  fomewhat  bufhy,  and  for  that  reafon  was 
called  by  us  the  umbrella  tree.  There  were 
fome  few  oth:r  trees  whofe  foliage  llrongly 
refembted  that  of  the  bread  fruit,  but  as  not 
one  of  them  was  in  bearing  near  the  beach, 
I  was  unable  pofitively  to  determine  their 
fpecies.  fVIany  of  the  trees  that  compofed 
the  foreft,  efpeciaily  in  the  interior  and  ele- 
vated parts  of  the  illand,  feemcd  to  be  of  a 
confiderable  fize.  Tiie  cocoa-nut  trees, 
which  grow  not  only  on  the  fea-(hore  but 
high  up  on  the  (ides  of  the  hills,  \yere  the 
only  trees  we  f.iw  that  bore  any  fruit,  al- 
though in  one  of  the  rivuiets  an  unripe- 
guava  was  picked  up,  which  moft  probably 
had  come  from  the  interior  country  ;  in  ad- 
dition to  thef->  we  noticed  an  abundance  of 
different  forts  of  ferns,  fome  of  which  pro- 
duced  a  ftem  nearly  fix  inches  in  diameter, 
and  grev/  to  the  height  of  nearly  twenty 
feetfthefe,  as  well  as  I  recollecH,  v/ere  cx- 
atffly  of  the  fiime  defcription  as  thole  com- 
monly found  in  New  Zealand.  Such  were 
the  moll  general  vegetable  produ^ions  of 
this  ifland'^that  fell  under  our  obfervaiion; 
to  which  vve  further  added  the  feeds  ot  ap- 
ple;;, peaches,  melons,  pumkins,  with  beans, 
peale,  &c.  Filh  were  in  great  abundance, 
and  fliarks  of  large  llze ;  no  turtles  were 
lc:n;  but  the  ihores  abounded  with  rats  and 
land  crabs.  All  the  fea  birds  common  to 
tropical  regions  were  found  here.  Lon^^. 
273.6.  E.  I.at.S'  .?5-N;  ,     ,  •    , 

Cocos   JjLimls,   fee    Great    n>:J    I.Xtle 

Co'-or,  (GrcafJoTfh  Rat,  a  r.nail  ifland 
in  the  raibrn  Indian  fea.  Ti.c  laid  is 
prettv  high,  and  covered  with  wood.  Lotig. 

Cocos,  (/./•//A',)alhull  ifland  in  the  E-lt- 


COD 

ern  Indian  fea.      Long.  93.  25.  E.  Lat. 

13.  57.  N. 

Cocofpo/ie,  a  town  or  New  Navarre.  115 
miles  S.  Cafa  Grande. 

Cocovo,  a  fiDall  ifland  in  the  Eailern 
Indian  fea.  Long.  121. 10.  E.  Z,^/.  10. 40.N. 

Cocfu^  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Marafch.  40  miles  NNE. 
Marafch. 

Cocumont,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Lot  and  Garonne.  6  miles 
SW.  Marmande. 

Codagimge,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Oude.     14  miles  S.  Furruckabad. 

Codaid,  fee  Kaudlr. 
'     Codaly,  a  to\vn  of  Hindooftan,  In  Con- 
can.    37  miles  N.  Goa. 

Codamea7?ial!y,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Marawar.     9  miles  NNW.  Trumian. 

Codbeck,  a  river  of  England,  in  the  north 
riding  of  Yorkfnire,  which  paffesby  Thirflc, 
sud  joins  the  "\¥illovvbeck  about  two  miles 
below  that  town,  and  both  together  fall  into 
the  Swale  about  two  miles  from  their  union. 

Coddarama,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Guzerat.     15  miles  N.  Surat. 

Codelagy,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
bailiwic  of  Lugano.     3  m.  N.  Mendriiio. 

Coddors,  A  tov,"n  ofCircaffia.     Long.  j^%. 

14.  E.  Z/^/.  44.  N. 

Coddors,  a  river  of  Afia,  which  feparates 
Mingrelia  from  Abafcia,  and  runs  into  the 
Black -fea.     It  was  anciently  called  Corax. 

Cod's  Head,  a  cape  on  the  fouth-v.'cll 
eoall  of  Ireland.  Lov.g,  9.  C9.  W.  Lat, 
31-.36.N. 

Codeceiro,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.    6  miles  S.  Guarda. 

Codeih  a  town  of  Viiginia.  .  15  miles 
NW.  Williamfburg. 

Codsrus  Creek,  a  river  of  Pennfylvania, 
which. runs  into  the  Sufquehanna,  Long. 
j6. 40.  W.  Lat.  40.  3.  N. 

Codefi,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  jn 
Albania.     16  miles  E.  Valona. 

Codjeedeep,  a  fmali  ifland  near  the  coafh 
of  Bengal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ganges. 
Loi'g.  88.  34.  E.  Lat.  21.  28,  N. 

CodHpiliy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore.     5  miles  NE.  Bangalore. 

Codlna,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Sardinia. 
14  miles  ESE.  Oriftagni. 

Ccdina,  a  town  of  Perfia,,  in  the  province 
of  Segeftan.     154  miles  SSW.  Zareng. 

Codogno,  a  \.o\jn  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Adda.  Here  the  Auftrians 
'vere  defeated  in  1746;  and  by  the  French 
in  1796,  the  day  before  the  battle  of  Lodi. 
4  miles  W.Pizzeghitone,  12  SSE.Lcdi. 

Co  loljberg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
marggravate  of  Anfpach.  18  miles  NE. 
Am'pach,  8  W.  Nuremberg. 

Codour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  cir- 
crvi"  of  SollapouT.     7  m.  ENE.  Sollapour. 


COG 

Codotcrs,  fee  Csddo's. 

Codropio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Fnuli,  on 
the  Stella;  where  Bonaparte  reiided,  at  a 
feat  called  Pafleriano,  during  the  conferences 
for  peace  at  Campo-Foimio.  10  miles 
SSW.  Udina. 

Cod  R.O-J,  a  river  of  Newfoundland,  which 
runs  into  the  fea  between  Cape  Ray  and 
Cape  Anguillc. 

Codnuii,  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
S.  Palaraovv'. 

Coel-,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Delhi.  In  1803,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Britifti.  65  miles  SE.  Delhi,  t,-^  N.  Agra. 
Long.  78.  27.  E.  Lat.  27.48.  N. 

Coeinene,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Ceylon.     8  miles  S.  Trincoli. 

Coenaker,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Ceylon, 
near  the  fouth  coalt.     100  miles  S.  Candi. 

Coenern,  lee  Connern. 

Coesfeld,  a  town  of  Germany;  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Weftphalia,  and  bilhopric  of  Mun- 
fter,  the  ordinary  refidence  of  a  bifliop  ;  it 
contains  two  parifli  churches,  and  five  con- 
vents ;  it  was  formerly  Anfeatic.  14  m.  W. 
Munfter.     Long.  7.  18.  E.  Lat.^\.  56. N. 

Coefnon,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  fea  between  Pontorfon  and  Mont  St, 
Michael. 

Coethi,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Indian  fea. 
Long.  56.  20.  E.  Lat.  7.  30.  S. 

Coeiivres,  or  Ejtrtcs,  a  tov/n  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Aifne.  7  miles 
SW.  Soiflbns. 

Coeze,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Mont  Blanc.    10  m.  SE.  Chambery. 

Cofanes,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
audience  of  Quito.     60  miles  E.  Ibarra. 

Co^o,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Benin,  on  the 
Formofi.     .to  miles  NE.  Benin. 

CojjM  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlan- 
tic, near  the  coaft  of  South  Carolina.  Long, 
79.  59.  W.  Lat.  32.  43.  N. 

Cofjin  Ijland,  fee  Savron. 

Cojj'rane,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
county  of  Vallengin.     3  m.  S.  Vailengin. 

Coga,  an  ifland  of  Abylfinia,  in  the  lake 
of  Dsmbea,  with  a  town. 

Cogareto,  a  town  of  Genoa.  9  miles 
ENE.  Savona. 

Cogazza,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mela.     6  miles  NNW.  Brefcia, 

Coge,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Baglana. 
30  miles  NE.  Bafleen. 

Cogead,  a  lake  of  North- America,  50 
miles  long  and  10  broad.  Long.  109.  W. 
Lat.  66.  N. 

Cogef.s,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftile. 
J 3  miles  ^.E..  Valladolid. 

Coggerjhall,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  ElTex,  with  a  weekly  market  on 
Thursdays.  It  is  fituated  on  the  river  Pant, 
and  has  long  been  famous  for  its  manufac- 
ture of  baize, :  a  lied  Ccggcrfaall  Wiiites, 


COG 


C  O  I 


From  fome  Roman  antiquities  found  here, 
it  has  been  by  Ibnic  fuppofed  to  be  the  an- 
cient Canonicum.  In  i8oi,tIie  number  of 
inhabitants  was  2469,  of  whom  300  were 
employed  in  trade  and  manufadurcs.  9  nn 
W.  CoJcheiter,  44  NE.  London.  Lcn-j.  o. 
40.  E.  ]^at.  51.  53.  N. 

Coggia,  or  Cacia,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of 
Corfica.     6  miles  S.  Yico. 

Cogi,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Ximo.     20  miles  SSW.  Sanga. 

Cogl'uvio,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato    Francilco  de  Borja. 
Citra.     13  miles  NNW.  Cangiano.  Co-hong,  a  town 

CogUonift,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Capita-    SW.  Tien-tfang. 
nata.     8  miles  S.  Termola.  Cohoruf,  a  town  of  Bcn^aJ 

Corf/z^c,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal  W.  Nagore. 
place  of  a  diilric^,  in  the  department  of  the  -Cohoz,  a  town  of  New- York,  on  the  Mo- 
Charente,  celebrated  forits  wine  and  brandy,  hawk  river.  Near  it  is  a  celebrated  cata- 
•which  conllitute   the  principal  articles   of   racT",  called  the  Fall  of  Cuhoz.     10  miles 


Cohanzy  Creek,  w  river  of  n'ow  Jcrfcv, 
which  runs  into  Delaware  Bay,  Long.  75. 
I/- W.  /v^/.  39.  22.  N. 

Cohara,  a  town  of  Ilindooflan,  in  Oudc. 
18  miles  W.  Kairabad. 

Cohan,  a  river  of  Ilindooflan,  which 
unites  with  the  Chumbuil,  10  m.  F.  BinJc. 

Cohary,  a  town  of  Ilindooltan,  in  the  cir- 
car  of  Iliflar.     15  miles  SE.  Ilillar. 
_    Cohayahitai,  a  town  of  South-America, 
m  the  audience  of  Quito.    90  miles  S.  St. 


of  Thibet. 


20  miles 
10  miles 


commerce.  The  number  of  inhabitants  is 
about  5000.  21  miles  W.  Angoulefme,  13 
E.  Saintes.     Long.  o.  i.;.  W.  Za/.45, 46.  N. 

Cognac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Vienne.  20  miles  SE. 
Confolent. 

Cogne,  a  valley  of  Piedmont,  belonging  to 
the  bifhop  of  Aofta  ;  it  takes  its  name  from 
a  fmall  river  which  waters  it.  The  moun- 
tains which  furround  it  are  rich  in  mines 
of  iron  and  copper;  it  contains  thirteen 
villages,  of  which  Cogne  is  the  principal, 
Situated  6  miles  S.  from  AoRa. 

Cogni,  or  Kofiieh,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Tur- 
key, the  capital  of  Caramania,  and  the  ordi.^ 


N.  Albany. 

Cojapour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oudc. 

38  miles  SE.  Fyzabad. 

Co'na,  or  {^uibo,  a  finall  ifland  in  t}ie 
Pacilic  Ocean,  near  the  coaft  of  Veragu.i. 
Long.  82.  26.  V*^  Lat.  8.  N. 

Coldure,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     13  miks  NE.  Volconda. 

Ccjeda,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
provnice  of  Caraccas.  2>o  miles  NE.  Sego- 
via Nueva.  ^ 

Co:jTy-la-Vilk,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie 
department  of  the  Upper  iMarne.  3  miles 
SW.  Bourbonne  les  Bains. 

Collapaliaiu,   a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 


dary  relidence  of  a  beglerberg,  fituated  in  a    Coimbetore.     17  miles  NNW.  Daraporum 


beautiful  and  fertile  country ;  anciently  IcO' 
nium,  the  capital  of  Lycaonia.  It  is  very 
large,  and  the  walls  are  fupported  by  108 
fquare  towers,  forty  paces  diltant  from  each 
other;  there  are  two  large  fauxbourgs,  into 
one  of  which  the  caravans  and  itrangers 
retire.  All  the  inhabitants  are  Turks.  Ar- 
menians, Jews,  and  others,  who  come  hither 
to  trade,  lodge  in  the  kans,  where  they  are 
fupplied  with  every  thing  they  want.  It  is 
the  fee  of  a  Greek  archbifliop.  260  miles 
SE.  Conflrantinople.  Long.  3s.  25.  E.  Lat. 
.38.  13.  N. 


Coiilfe,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
22  miles  NNW.  Durbungah.  Long.  85. 
50.  E.  Lat.  26.25.  N. 

Coilpctta,  a  townof  Hindooftan, in  theCar- 
natic.    46  m.  S.Madura,  25  N.  Palamcotta. 

Coilandy,  a  town  of  Kindooft;ui.  25  m, 
SE.  Telhchery. 

Coilurapetta,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Coimbetore.     8  miles  NE.  Arivacourchy. 

Collur:,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar» 
on  the  Soane.     7  miles  ENE.  Arrah. 

Coimbetore,  a  province  ot  Hindoof?:an,  in 
the  Myfore,  and  ibuthern  part  of  the  domi- 


C?^'-;;c),  a  taw^n  of  Italy,  in  the  department  nions  cf  Tippoo  Sultan.     Tiie  country  is 

of  the  Serio.     7  miles  NNW.  Bergamo.  fcparatcd  from  tlie  countr-y  of  Travancore, 

Cogolla,  a  river  of  Sp;iin,  which  runs  into  Cochin,  and  the  Nayrs,  by  lofty  mountains, 

the  Nagarella,  in  the  country  of  Rioja.  called  the  Wcftern  Gauts;  a  continuation  of 

Cogolliuio,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caf-  v/hich  alfo  bounds  it  on  the  north,  on  the 

tile.     20  miles  W.  Sigueni;a.  eaft  it  is  bounded  by  the  Carnatic,  and  on 

Cogolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Veronefe.  the  fouth  by  the  province  ofBiinligul.   To- 

8  miles  NE.  Verona.  wards  tiie  fouth-weft  is  r.n  opening  of  the 

Cogoni,  a  river  of  Afia,  which  runs  into  mountains,  through  which  the  river  Panir.ny 

the  lea  near  Martaban.  pali'es  to  tlic  fea,  on  the  wcltern  coaft.     Jt 

^Co^crdo,  or  Co'inreto,  a  village  of  Genoa,  -is  fertile,  and  well  watered  by  fcveral  river:  : 

the  native  place  of  Chriltopher  Columbus.  the  principal  towns  are  Coimbetore,  Erroad, 

C5?-;-f^(j/,  a  town  of  Bengal.     4am.ESE.  and  Carroor.     In    1799,  on  the  death  of 

Calcutta.  '  Tippoo,  and  tlic  diviiion  of  his  tcrriiories, 

Cogiiir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Dow.  Coimbetore  was  ceded  to  tlie  Engiilh  E^Jt* 

latabad.    ao  miles  W.  Indciavoy.  India  Cumpany. 


c  o  r 


COL 


Cohnhetorc,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  and 
capital  of  the  province  to  which  it  gives 
name,  fituated  at  the  foot  of  the  Weltern 
Gauts,  on  the  river  Noyel.  This  town  was 
taken  pofTellion  of  by  General  Meadows,  on 
the  2ad  of  July  1790,  having  been  evacu- 


vided  into  five  tribes.  In  March  1795, 
Coire  was  taken  by  the  French,  and  loori 
afterwards  by  the  Auftrians.  32  miles  N. 
Chiavenna,  2a  ESE.  Glarus.  Lojig.  9.  37. 
E.  Lat.  46.  46.  N. 

Colro,  a  river  of  Portugal,  which  runs  into' 


ated  by  Tippoo  Sultan,  who  left  behind    the  Mrnho,  near  its  mouth 


Lira  a  quantity  of  grain  and  military  ilores. 
It  was  defended  by  a  mud  fort,  but  not 
capable  of  making  a  long  refiftance.  It 
Yvas  retaken  by  Tippoo  the  year  following, 
and  confirmed  to  him  by  the  peace.  252. 
rniles  SW.  Madras,  90  S.  Seringapatam. 
Long.  77.  7.  E.Laf.iQ.  58.  N.  _ 

Coh/'/bra.  a  city  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira,  fituated  on  a  mountain,  near 
the  river  Mondcgo,  built  by  the  Romans, 
about  300  years  before  Christ;  the  fee  of 
a  bifhop,  fuifragan  of  Lifbon,  with  a  cele- 
brated univerhty.  It  contains  eighteen  col- 
leges, in  which  are  4000  fludents,  nine 
churches,  eight  convents,  and  about  12,000 
inhabitants.  96  miles  NNE.  Lifbon.  Lo.^^g. 
8.  ao.  W.  Lai.  40.  13- N. 


Coijlaiis,  a  Dutch  factory  on  the  coail  of 
Malabar.    69  miles  NW.  C:.pe  Comorin. 

Coker,  a  river  of  England,  wh.ich  rifes  in 
the  county  of  Lancailer,  and  runs  into  the 
Irilhfea,  5  miles  NW,  Garitang. 

Co-kiang,  a  town  of  Cliina,  of  the  third 
I'ank,  in  Se-tchuen.  20  m.  E3E.Tche-li-lcou. 

Cokeriaiiipetty,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myf^are.     11  miles  S.  Sankerydurgam. 

Co-king,  acity  of  China,  of  the  firft  rank, 
in  Yun-nan.  1160  miles  SSW.  Peking^ 
Long.  100.  E.  Lat.  26.  i^.  N. 

'Cokzi};i,kt  Choczim. 

Col,  one  of  the  wettern  iflands  of  Scot- 
land, about  13  miles  long,  and  3  broad. 
Col,  in  the  language  of  Dr.  Johnfon,  is  not 
properly   rocky  but  rather  one  continued 


Cw/7r)',a  town  of  France,  in  the  department    rock,  of  a  furface  much  diverfilicd  v,'ith  pro- 


tuberances, and  covered  with  a  thin  layer  of 
earth,  v/hich  is  often  broken,  and  difcovers 
the  ftcne.  Such  a  foil  is  not  for  plants  that 
ftrike  deep  roots ;  and  perhaps  in  the  whole 
ifland  nothing  has  ever  yet  grown  to  the 
height  of  a  table.  The  uncultivated  parts 
are  clothed  with  heath,  among  which  induf- 


of  the  Aifne.     5  m.  N.  Chateau  Thierry 

Co'ire,  or  Ckitr,  a  biiliopric  and  principa- 
lity of  Germany,  which  formerly  included 
all  the  provinces  of  Retia,  now  reduced 
to  a  narrow  circle.  The  bifliop  was  fulTragan 
of  Mentz,  and  a  prince  of  the  Roman  em- 
pire, a  dignity  annexed  to  the  fee  in  1170, 

by  the  emperor  Frederic  I.  and  is  Ifiled  try  hasinterfperfedfpots  of  grals  and  corn; 
Lord  Furftenburg,  or  Furftenau.  His  annual  but  no  attempt  has  yet  been  made  to  raife  a 
revenues,  which  amount  to  about  2000!.  tree.  The  lord  has  lately  introduced  the 
arife  chiefly  from  eftates  near  Coire,  and  in  culture  of  turnips,  to  provide  food  for  his 
the  Tyrol.  He  i-eceives  alfothe  annual  fum  cattle  in  the  winter.  Col  has  many  lochs, 
of  about  70I.  from  the  cufloms  of  Chiaven-  fome  of  which  have  trouts  and  eels.  Their 
na,  in  return  for  having  ceded  his  right  over  quadrupeds  are  horfes,  cows,  flreep,  and 
the  Valteline,  Chiavenna,  and  Bormio,  to  goats.  They  have  neither  deer,  hares,  nor 
the  republic  of  the  three  leagues.  The  rabbits.  They  have  no  vermin  except  rats, 
only  prei'ogatives  remaining  are  the  right  of  which  have  been  lately  brought  thither  by 
coining  money,  and  an  abfolute  jurifdidion  fea,  as  to  other  places;  and  are  free  from  ier- 
botli  in  civil  and  criminal  affairs  within  the  pents,  frogs,  and  toads.  The  number  of  in- 
habitants is  1 162.  II  miles  I'JW.  from  the 
ifland  of  Pvlul. 
56.  38.  N. 

Col,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Sponda,  8 
rniles  S.  Goa. 

Col  of  Arez,  a  paHage  of  the  Pyrenees, 
in  the  road  from  Prats  de  Molo,  in  France, 
to  Cinipredon,  in  Spain. 

Col  of  Argentiere,  a  pafTage  of  the  Alps, 


fmall  diftrid  in  which  his  palace  and  the 
chapter  are  fituated.  Beyond  this  diftrii5l 
he  enjoys  not  the  leaft  power;  fo  far  from 
interfering  in  the  aifaiis  of  the  town,  he 
could  not  even  enter  it  it  the  inhabitants 
ch.ofe  to  exclude  him  ;  a  right  which  they 
alferted  in  1764. 

Coin',  or  Chiir,  a  town  of  Swifferland,  in 
the  country  of  the  Grifons,  and  capital  of  _ 

the  League  of  Grife,  fituated  at  the  foot  of    between  Nice  and  Saluzzo. 


^oiig.   6.    32.   W,    Lat. 


the  Alps,  in  a  rich  valley;  founded,  as  is 
fuppofeil,  by  the  emperor  Conifantius.  It 
was  formerly  a  city  of  Germany,  and  go- 
verned by  counts,  who  were  princes  of 
Germany;  but  became  a  bifliopric  in  the  9th 
century;  and  in  i5  2  6,foon  after  thereform- 


Col  of  LimoK,  a  paflagc  of  the  Alps, 
between  Sofpello  and  Coni. 

Ccl  of  Paracyls,  a  paflagc  of  the  Py- 
renees, between  Ceret,  in  France,  and  Am- 
purden,  in  Spain. 

Col  of  Perlus,  a  paffiige  of  the  Pyrenees, 


ation,  a  republic.  Tlie  government  is  paitly  between  Boulou  and  Junquere. 
^riftocrat'c   and    partly   democratic;     tlie        6V0/ TcW//,.  a  paflage  of  the  Alps,  be 

iupreme  legiflative  authority  refides  in  the  twecn  Piedmont  and  Nice,  over  the  niOua 

citizens,  whofe  number  amounts  to  294,  di-  tains  of  Ttnda, 


COL 

Co!a  Rocks,  rocks  in  the  Ciiribbean  fca. 
iirti'.  63.  16.  W.  Lat.  ir.  15.  N. 

Coluhi  :i  town  of  Ilindaoftan,  in  Al!a- 
habiui.     16  miles  WSW.  Ivlirzapour. 

Cola'rcotta,  :i  town  otllindooltan,  in  the 
c.rcar  ot  Ellorc.     10  miles  E.  Ellorc. 

Col.)ltc,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  runs 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Lcit,  16.  10.  N. 

C>yia!nimgul-ini.,  a  town  of  Ilinuoothin. 
^l  miles  E.  Cochin. 

CcLzuiajfaiuipilty,  a  town  of  Hindooflan, 
in  the  Carnatic.     5  miles  S\V.  PuUumnaire. 

C'.Lin,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  jurifdidiiou 
of  Piura,  The  inhabitants  raiiij  a  great  deal 
cf  grain,  and  feed  a  number  of  cattie,  whicii 
they  difpofe  cf  to  Payta,  and  ether  towns. 
9  miles  N.  Payta. 

Colau^  a  river  of  Peru,  which  runs  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  Lat.  4.  <,!,.  S. 

C:Li::Jt'r,  d.  tov/n  of  Bengal.  21  miles 
SE.   Midnapcur. 

Coluni:lh,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  My- 
fore.     J, 5  miles  SE.  Enoad. 

CoLii.gooda,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Calicut.     10  miles  S.  Palicaudchery. 

Cclapelly,  a  town  of  liindoolfan,  in  the 
ciicar  of  ConJapilly.    15  m.  E.  Condapilly. 

Czlapcur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
ciicar  of  Ellichpour.  12  miles  S\\".  Om- 
rautty. 

Cclar,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the  My- 
fjre  country,  which  after  the  death  of  Tip- 
poo  was  affigned  to  the  Nizam.  25  niiles 
ENE.  Bangalore,  135  W.  Madras.  Long. 
;3.  19.  E.  Lat.  13.  19.  N. 

Cjlai-f  a  river  of  Spain,  which  runs  into 
the  Huelba,  15  miles  N.  Seville. 

C:larLi,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Tucuman.  26  miles  N. 
St.  Eernando. 

Colarados,  Los,  iflets  and  rocks,  near  the 
north-weflofCuba.  jL?;/^.  85.  3.  V\'.  Lat. 
i3.  30.  N. 

CoL;roone,  a  river  of  Hindooflan,  a  branch 
of  the  Cauvery,  which  divides  fi'oni  the 
main  flrcam  towards  the  north,  a  few  miles 
above  Tritchinopolv,  and  runs  into  the  bay 
cf  Bengal,  25  miles  N.  Tranquebar. 

ColaniSi  ^  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Oohud,  chieffv  inhabited  by  Gen- 
toos.  Thevenot  and  D'Anville  call  it  Col- 
lalar.     30  miles  SSW.  Narwa,  125  S.  Agra. 

Colatto,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Trevifan. 
6  miiesSSW.  Ceneda. 

Colatty,  a  tov^n  of  f  lindooflan,  in  Cochin. 
15  miles  N.  Cranganore. 

CoIazxTum,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Coimbetore.     17  miles  WNW.  Animally. 

Cclavery,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan.  34  miles 
SE.  Cochin. 

Colayccil'apey  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  dio- 
ctift  of  'Truxiilo.     80  miles  NE.  Piura. 

Col!ja,z  town  of  Gcnociny,  in  the  circle 
of  Njuitadt.    3  miles  Wti  W.  I\eulbdt. 


cor. 

Colhutz,  a  town  of  Hinder  Pomc^an!^, 
8  miles  SSV«'.  Stargard.  Long.  15.  5.  K. 
Lat.  ^■^^.  26.  N. 

Cclbene,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  tlie  coail 
of  Tripoli.    90  miles  SE.  Mcfurata. 

Colberg,  afeaportofOermmv,  in  Farther 
Pomerania,  liiuateJ  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pei- 
fante,  near  the  B.iltic,  belonging  to  Prullln. 
It  is  a  pretty  large  and  llourilhing  town, 
■with  manufakStures  of  linen  and  woollen. 
The  fiihery  is  profitable  ;  and  in  a  neigh- 
bouring meadow  arc  fonie  lak  fpring?.  It 
v/as  anciently  one  of  the  Hanfe  towns ;  and 
in  ;he  loth  century  it  was  ereded  into  a 
biflioprlc  by  Bogilhiv/ duke  of  Poland,  but 
tlie  fee  did  not  exiff  long.  In  iz4!J,  Duke 
Barnim  I.  made  over  ilic  town  and  all  its 
appendages  to  the  biiliop  of  Camniin.  It 
has  a  collegiate  and  three  other  churches. 
In  1758,  it  was  beliegcd  by  the  llullians 
without  fuccefs  :  in  i7i')r,  they  took  it.  9S 
miles  NNE.  Cufbin,  124  NE.  Berlin.  Long. 
ij.  27.  E.  Lat.  SA-  8.  N. 

Coburce,  a  town  of  Beng:il.  8  miles  E. 
Calcutta. 

Colcha,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  tlie 
diocefe  of  La  Plata.     30  miles  S.  Oryro. 

Cdc^mbar,  a  townof  Hindoouan,  in  OuJc. 
24  miles  WNW.  Kairabad. 

Colchagua,  or  (hlLigua,  a  town  of  South- 
America,  and  capit<U  of  a  jurifdicfion  in  thsi 
country  of  Chili. 

Cclcheflc'r,  a  town  of  England,  in  th.e 
county  of  Eflex,  on  the  river  Coin,  which 
formerly  contained  15  churches,  and  now 
12,  mofl  of  which  are  in  good  repair,  with 
a  callle  in  the  centre  of  tlie  town,  laid  t) 
have  been  built  by  Edward  ion  of  Alfred, 
when  he  repaired  Colchefter  after  the  ra- 
■  vages  of  the  war  ;  fuppofe-i  to  have  been  a 
Roman  flation,  and  is  laid  to  have  been  ti^.e 
birth-place  of  Helena,  mother  of  ths  em- 
peror Conflantine.  j!i  the  conclufjon  of 
the  civil  war  itfufivred  a  fcvere  fiegc,  which, 
as  it  made  a  relokite  defence,  was  turned 
into  a  blockade,  wherein  the  ganiibn  and 
inhabitants  alfj  llifl'ered  the  utmoll  extre- 
mity of  hunger,  and  were  at  Jail  obliged  to 
furrender  atdifcretion:  and  their  two  chief 
officers,  Sir  Charles  Lucas  and  Sir  George 
Liile,  were  cruelly  (hot  to  death  unvier  the 
calfle  wall  for  their  bravery.  The  battered 
walls,  tiie  breaches  in  the  turrets,  and  the 
ruined  churclies,  fiiii  ihew  marks  of  this 
liege,  except  that  tiie  church  of  St.  Mary 
(where  was  the  royal  fort)  is  rebuilt ;  but 
the  lleeple  which  was  two-thirds  battered 
down  (the  belieged  having  a  large  cuKtrm 
upon  it,  which  did  much  execution)  re 
mains  flill  in  tliat  condition.  Tiie  lints  yii' 
contravallarion,  which  furrounded  the  whole 
town,  and  tlie  foils  of  ihe  btfi.'g.rb,  itf- 
niain  very  vifible  in  many  places.  The 
river  Coin,  which  p.Jics  throu^ii  il'.e  towii. 


COL 

cncompaiTes  it  on  the  north  and  eafi; ;  and 
fcrved  in  time  of  v/ar  for  a  complete  de- 
fence on  thofe  fides.  There  are  three  bridges 
ever  it,  and  it  is  navigable  within  three  miles 
of  the  town  for  fhips  of  large  burthen ;  a 
Httle  lower  itmay  even  receive  a  roya!  navy ; 
and  up  to  that  part  called  the  Hjth:-,  cJofe 
to  the  houfes,  it  is  navigable  for  hoys  and 
fmall  barks.  The  Hythe  is  a  long  ftreet, 
pailing  from  weft  to  eaft,  on  the  fouth  fide 
of  the  town,  and  is  fo  populous  towards  the 
river,  that  it  may  bexajled  the  Wapping  of 
Colcheilcr.  There  is  one  church  in  that 
part  of  the  town,  a  large  quay  by  the  river, 
Rndagoodciiftom-houfc.  Tljistov/n  chiefly 
fabfifls  by  making  baize,  though,  indeed,  all 
tlie  towns  around  carry  on  the  fame  trade; 
as  Kilverdon,  Witharn,  Coggeiliall,  Brain- 
tree,  Boeking,  &c.  and  the  whole  county, 
large asit  maybefaidto  be,  isemployed,and 
jn  part  maintained,  by  the  fpinning  of  wool 
fur  the  baize  trade  of  Colchefter  and  its  ad- 
jacent villages.  The  town  of  Cclchcfler 
has  been  ilippofed  to  contain  about  40,000 
people,  including  the  out-villages  within  its 
liberty,  of  which  there  are  many,  the  liberty 
of  the  town  being  of  a  large  extent. — The 
population,  as  returned  by  ait  of  parliament, 
was  ii52o,andofthefe  2154  were  employed 
in  trade  and  m^anufaftures.  The  markets 
ju-e  on  Wednefdays  and  Saturdays. — This 
place  fends  tv/o  members  to  parliament:  and 
13  governed  by  a  mayor,  recorder,  town- 
clerk,  .tvv'elve  aldermen,  eighteen  affiftants, 
eighteen  common-council,  two  coroners, 
four  ferjeants,  and  two  claviers.  The  mayor 
and  aldermen  for  the  time  being,  v^/ith  forty- 
eight  guardians,  are  alfo  a  corporation  for 
the  benefit  of  the  poor.  It  is  a  liberty  of 
itfelf,  containing  four  wards,  and  lixteen 
pariihes  within  and  v^^ithcut  the  v/alis.  18 
milesSSW.  Ipfvvich,  51  NE.  London.  Lmg. 
o.  59- E.  Lat.^x,  Si'  N. 

Colchefter,  a  town  of  United  America, 
in  the  ftate  of  Conneilicut.  32  miks  E. 
Middleton. 

CrAckefter,  a  tov/n  of  Virginia,  on  the 
Occoquan.  18  miles  SSW.  Waiuington. 
Lmg.  77. 18.  W.  J.Mt.  30.  42.  N. 

Cohi'r/.'g,  or  Kolding,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
in  the  dicicefe  of' Ripen,  litualed  between 
mountain?,  on-the  riverThueths,  which  runs 
into  the  Little  Belt  about  6  miles  below, 
farming  a  bay  at  its  mouth,  called  Coiding 
Eiord.  It  is  ancient,  and  v^as  formerly  the 
vefidence  ofmanyDanifh  kings,  who  adorn- 
ed it  with  feveral  edifices.  At  prefent  the 
harbour  is  filled  up,  and  its  commerce  nearly 
a;inihilattd.  '  24  rniles  NE.  Ripen.  Long, 
9.  29.  E.  Lat.  33.  50.  N. 

CoLiingham,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Berwick,  containing  in  the  town 
and  environs  2391  inhabitants.  Here  are 
'He  remains  of  a  rel'gious  honfc  of  great  an- 


C  O  L 

tiquity,  of  which  Ebba,  fifrer  to  Ofwy  king 
of  Northumberland,  was  abbefs  in  661,  and 
'  Etheldreda  queen  of  king  Egfred,  was  a 
nun,  in  669.  In  12 15,  the  convent  was 
plundered  and  burned  by  John  king  of  Eng- 
land. In  i544>  it  was  feized  and  fortified- 
by  the  Englifh.  Coldingham  gives  name  to 
a.  barren  and  rude  diftrict,  called  Colding- 
ham Moor.  8  miles  NW.  Berwick.  Long. 
2.  13.  W.  i^/.  55.  54.  N. 

Colditz,  a  tovv'n  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Upper  Saxony,  and  marggravate  of  Meif^ 
fen,  lituatcd  on  the  Mulda.  This  town 
fufFered  feverely  in  the  civil  v/ars  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  lall  century.  It  v/as  feveral 
times  pillaged  by  the  Swedes  and  Huilites. 
21  miles  SE.  Leipfic,  36  W.Drefdcn.  Longu 
12.42.E.  Lat.  SI.  J.  N. 

Coldfpring  InUtt,  a.  channel  between  two 
fmall  iflands  on  the  coail  of  New  Jerfey, 
Long,  74.  49.  W.  Lat.  39.  N. 

Coldjiream,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Berwick,  on  the  north  fide  of  the 
Tweed,,  v.'ith  a  fine  bridge  over  that  river. 
13  miles  SW.  Berwick,  334  N.  London, 
Long.  2.  19.  W.  Lat.  55.40.  N. 

ColdwaierCreek,  a  river  of  Georgia,  which 
runs  into  the  Tennafee,  Long.  87.  28.  W. 
Lat.  34.  40.  N. 

ColdwaterLake,  a  lake  of  North-America. 
Long.  III.  W.  Lat.  54.56.  N. 

Cole,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which  runs  into 
theKenhawa,  Zo;;^.  81.  52.  W.  Lat.  ^d. 
13.  N. 

Ccle^,  a  town  of  Algiers,  anciently  called 
CafiE  Calventi.     12  miles  SW.  Algiers. 

Cole  Bruens,  a  town  of  Louifiana,  near 
the  MifTilTippi.  Long.  91.  15.  W.  Lat.  32, 
25.  N.^ 

Cole's  Creek,  a  river  of  Well  Florida, 
which  runs  into  theMiiliilippi,  Long.  91.  20. 
W.  Lat.  31.55.N. 

Coletipol,  a  tov^n  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Midnapour.  48  miles  WNW.  Mid- 
napour.     Long.  86.  44.  E.  Lat.  22.  So-  N* 

Colehrook,  a  town  of  the  ffate  of  Mafia- 
chufetts.     20  miles  V/SW.  Springfield. 

Colehrook  Dale,  a  valley  of  England, 
fituated  on  the  banks  of  the  river  Severn,  in 
the  eafcern  part  of  Shropfliire  ;  celebrated 
for  its  exteniive  iron  works.  ■  In  forming  a 
canal  to  the  river  Severn,  for  the  purpofe  of 
conveying  the  manufadured  goods,  a  fpring 
of  native  tar  was  difcovered,  which  at  firft 
yielded  a  large  quantity}  ibme  lay  70  or  80 
gallons  a  day,  but  the  quantity  is  now  very 
much  diminifhed.  In  the  year  1779,  a 
bridge  of  cafl  iron  was  tb.rown  over  the  Se- 
vern in  this  place ;  the  road  over  the  bridge, 
made  of  clay  and  iroTi  flag  a  foot  deep,  is 
24  feet  Vvdde ;  the  fpan  or  the  arch  is  ic^*'' 
feet  fix  inches,  and  the  height  from  the- 
bJ\!(2  line  to  the  centre  40  feet.  The  weight 
of  iron  in  the  v/hole  is  378-^  ton:.. 


COL 

Coleche,  or  Col'che,  a  feaport  town  of 
Hindooftiin,  in  I'ravancore,  with  a  Hit'c 
harbour  for  fmall  vcfiels.  iz  miles  SSVV. 
TravaDCore. 

Colefordy  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Glouceftcr,  on  the  borders  of 
Monmouthfliirc,  "witli  a  weekly  market  on 
Friday:  near. are  coniiderable  iron-works, 
ajm.  WSW.  Glouceller,  123  W.  London 
Lon^.  2.  38.  W.  Lat.  51.  51.  N. 

Cohgnola,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Vero- 
-nefe.     8  miles  ESE.  Verona. 

Coliiieto,  a  river  ot  Naples,  which  runs 
into  the  giilfof  Tavento,  4  miles  E.  Rulfano. 
Cohrainc^  a  tov/n  of  Ireland,  in  tlie  county 
of  Londonderry,  iituatcd  on  ilie  river  B.mn, 
about  three  miks  from  the  lea,  with  a  valu- 
able ialraon  lilhery.  It  w.vS  formerly  a 
place  of  great  coniideration,  the  fee  of  a 
biftn)p,  and  m*de  the  chiet  town  of  a  county 
by  Sir  John  Perrot,  during  his  government 
of  Ireland  ;  wliereas  it  is  now  only  the  head 
of  one  of  the  baronies,  in  the  Ihire  of  Lon- 
donderry ;  but  fends  one  member  to  the  Im- 
perial parliament.  It  is  of  a  to!  rable  flze 
and  Very  elegantly  built,  fituated  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  the.  Bann,  about  four  miles  from  the 
fea  ;  but  the  port  is  very  fndiiferent,  occa- 
fioned  by  the  extreme  rapidity  ot  the  river, 
v/hich  repels  the  tide,  and  makes  the  coming 
up  to  the  tov/n  difficult ;  fo  that  it  has  but 
little  trade,  and  migiit  perhaps  have  lei's  if  it 
was  not  for  the  valuable  falraon  lilhery, 
which  amounts  to  fome  thoufand  pounds 
a  year.  If  the  navigation  of  the  Bann  could 
be  opened,  by  the  help  of  this  river,  and 
the  Newry  Canal,  there  would  be  a  dired 
communication  acrcis  the  illand,  and,  with 
the  ailiilarLce  of  the  Blackwater  river,  v/hich 
likewife  falls  into  Lough  Neagh,  almoit  all 
the  counties  of  the  province  of  Uliler  might 
have  a  correfpondence  v^ith  each  other  by 
v/ater  carriage,  to  their  reciprocal  and  no 
fmall  emolument.  25  miles  ENE.  London- 
derry, 29  NNW.  Antrim.  Long.  it.  29.  W. 
X^/.  55.8.  N. 

Cobjhill,  a  town  of  England,  in  War- 
wickihire,  v/ith  a  market  on  Wednefday, 
and  1437  inhabitants.  10  n  lies  E.Birming- 
ham, 1C3  NW.  London.  Loiig.  i.  36.  VV. 
Lat.  5%.  30.  N. 

Colgongi  a  town  of  Bengal.  16  miles  E. 
Boglipour. 

Colgriwe  S)nf:d,  a  ftrait  of  the  North  fea. 
betv/een  the  illandsof  Yell  and  Fitlar. 

Colgu,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Calicut, 
37  miles  ENE.  Tel. ichery. 

Cciharcs, Atowvi  of  Portugal,  in  Eftrama- 
dura.     10  miles  VVSVV.  Setuval. 

Colibhia,  a  fmall  illand  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  near  the  coaft  of  Mexico.  Loiig. 
88.  30.  W.  LuT.  12. 50. N.  _ 

Col'nna.,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Mechoacan,  fituated  in  one  of  the 


COL 

moft  fertile  valjics  of  Mexico,  24  mil!?f 
wide,  reaching  to  the  ica  ;'  the  town  is  large 
und  rich.  Near  is  a  mount^iin  of  the  fame 
name,  with  a  volcano.  210  miles  W.  Me- 
choacan.  Long.  104.  jo.  W.  Lat.  19. 
JO.  N. 

Colhida,  a  town  of  Bengal,  and  capital  of 
Akmirabad.  68  miles  SSE.  Dacca.  Lor.g, 
91.  23.  E.  Lat.  22.58.  N. 

Co/ig/iv,  a  town  oi  Prance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ain.     12  mile:.  N.  Bourg. 

Cclihaut,  a  town  on  the  wcUcrn  lidc  of 
the  illand  of  Dominica. 

Coih/rer,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Orne.     4  miles  W.  Mortagne. 

CrAin,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in  t'lC 
county  of  Antrim,     ij  miles  N.  Antrim. 

Cclin,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
ofKaurzim.  In  1757,3  battle  was  fought 
near  this  town  between  the  Auflrians  under 
Count  Daun,  and  the  Pilillians  commanded 
by  the  king,  in  which  the  latter  v.ere  de- 
feated.    28  miles  E.  Prague. 

Coliiiay  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
Chili.  2  5  miles  N.  St.  Jago  de  la  NouvcU? 
Eftramadura. 

Colindres,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aftuiia. 
18  miles  SE.  Santander. 

Collabaug,  or  Ca//aL\7g,  a  town  of  Ilin- 
dooltan,  in  theMaiwa  country.  This  tovv'n 
was  taken  by  Aurungzebe,  who  put  to  death 
the  rajah  and  many  of  his  fubjeets.  In  1665, 
isIonlieurThevenot  law  many  of  the  iicads 
li.-<;ed  in  nicht^s  of  towers,  which  he  fays 
c.uled  a  very  ill  fmell.  44  miles  VV.  Chau- 
daree.     Long.  ■;■;.  ^S.  E.  iy.?/.  24. 53. N. 

CoHahegocn,  a  town  ot  Birniah,  on  t!ie 
right  bank  of  the  Irawaduy.  aj  miles  N. 
Raynangong. 

Collahu?n:y,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Pachete.  8  m.  SSW.  Rogonatpour. 

Collacood,  a  town  of  Hindooltan,  in  Gol- 
conda.     14  miles  SVV.  Culloor. 

Colladcra,  a  town  of  Plindoollan,  in  Ba- 
har.     15  miles  N.  Bahar. 

Colladivooda,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Calicut.     10  miles  NW.  Palicaudchery. 

Collarcs,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Ellra- 
iTir.dura.     6  miles  N.  Cafcaes. 

Colliifar,  lee  CcLirus. 

ColU,  a  town  of  Etruria.  25  miles  S, 
Florence,  9  N\\^  Sienna. 

CoUct  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  15  miles 
W.  Gemona. 

Colli:  di  CaJligU'jV.c,  a  mountain  of  Naples, 
in  Abruzzo  Ultra.     7  miles  SVV.  Aquila. 

Coik  Du>i.'7izo,  a  town  of  Naples,  in 
Abruzzo  Ultra.     7  miles  N.  Civita  Borella. 

Colli  Duo.,  a  tov.n  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     23  miles  SW.  Aquila. 

Colh  di  Lav.ird-:,  a  rnountain  of  Naples, 
in  Abruzzo  Ultra.     8  miles  N  W.  Aqcila. 

Colli  Pt-fcbl'Ao,  a  mount;i:n  ot  Naplc%,  in 
Abruzzo  Ulirii.    iz  miles S.  Aquila. 


COL 

CoUe  Salvieia^  a  town  of Etruiia.  ic  miles 
Pifa. 

CryHt'chio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Parmefar;. 
4  miles  Vv^.  Parma. 

Collcda,  or  Kah-Coln,  a  town  of  Ger- 
inK.ny,  in  Thuringia,  on  the  Unftrutt.  i% 
miles  N.  Weimar,  i6  NNE.  Erfurt. 

CoUen,  a  town  of  Pruilla,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Culm.     4  milts  N.  Culm. 

Colkn,  a  toY/n  of  Pruflia,  in  the  province 
of  Oberland.     i8  miles  SE.  Heilfberg. 

ColUt-de-Dezes,  I^e,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Lozere.  i;  miles  S. 
Yillefort. 

Colldon,  a  county  of  North- America,  in 
the  ftate  of  South  Carolina. 

Col!en.vah,  a  town  of  Birmah,  en  the  left 
bank  of  the  Irawacldy.     20  miles  VV.  x\va. 

Colli,  Lcy  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     15-  miles  W.  Celano. 

Collier,  a  town  of  North  Carolina,  on  a 
creek  which  runs  into  the  Atlantic.  12  miles 
NE.  Wilmington.  jLc///^.  77.  55.  W.  Lat, 
34.  19.  N.  .      ,      , 

CoH'wee,  a  town  of  France,  m  the  de- 
,  partment  of  the  North  Coails.     15  miles 
SE.  St.  Brieuc. 

CoUciire^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Eafl  Pyrenees,  with  a  fmall  port 
on  the  Mediterianean,  defended  by  a  cafrle, 
on  a  rock,  chiefly  inhabited *by  filliermen. 
The  Spaniards  were  defeated  by  the  French 
near  this  town  in  the  month  of  Pviay  1794. 
The  national  convention  decreed,  that  a 
column  iliould  be  ereded  on  thefpotin  me- 
morial th;it  "  here  7C00  Spaniards  laid  down 
their  arms  before  the  rcDublicans-"  15  miles 
SE.  Perpignan,  15  E.  Ceret.  Long.  3.  10. 
E.  Lai.  4;,..32.-N. 

Colli'voilfy,  a  town  of  the  illand  of  Ceylon. 
50  miles  W.Trinkam.aly. 

Collifpauk,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     24  miles  WNW.  Gingee. 

Colhuen,  or  Cidbneiu  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  ciicle  of  Leiplic.  6  miles  ENE. 
Ivlutlclien. 

C.oll.hrieres,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Var.    i S  miles  N£.  Toulon. 

Cctlong.,  an  ifland  in  the  ftraits  of  Malacca ; 
about  15  miles  in  circumference,  leparated 
from  th.c  ifland  of  Lumhagan,  and  two  or 
three  fmalter,  by  a  channel  to  whicii  it  ;;ivcs 
name.    Long.  loi.  30. E.  Lat.  3.2.  N. 

Collong,  a  river  of  Afia,  which  runs  into 
the  flraits  of  Malacca,  Long.  101.29.E. 
Lat.  3.  2.  N. 

Ccllonge,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ain.     15  niiles  SSW.  Gex. 

C:IIoj,  Oj,  a  tov/n  of  Portugal,  in  Alen- 
tejo.     36  mites  SW.  Beja. 

Colliwipfou,  fee  CuHivifton. 

C'j'hnnid.iy,  a  river  of  HindojfLan,  which 
rifes  in  the  fubah  of  Delhi,  and  runi  into  the 
Ganges,  5  miles  SE.  Canoge. 


COL 

Colm,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Scotland,  in  the 
Frith  of  Forth.     6  miles  SE.  Dumferline. 

Cohn,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  north  coaft 
of  Scotland.  Long.  4.  9.  W.  Lat  58.  30.  N. 

Colniar^  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Holftein. 
5  miics  SE.  Gluckftadt. 

Cobuar,?,  town  of  France,  and  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Upper  Rhine,  fituated 
on  two  fmall  rivers  the  Fechtand  the  Lauch, 
and  furrounded  by  a.  wail,  flanked  with 
towers.  It  contains  about  15000  inhabitants. 
In  1674,  the  Eledor  of  Brandenburg  and 
Duke  de  Bournonville  were  defeated  near 
this  town  by  Marflial  Turenne.  7^  polls 
S.  S.  Scrafl)urq,  9^  N.  Bale.  Long.  7.  26. 
E.  Lat.  48.  N. 

Colmars,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Alps.  17  miles  NE. 
Digne,  22  N.  Caftellane. 

Cib/iherg,  or  li'olhenherg,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  circle  of  Franconia,  and  prin- 
cipality of  Anfpach.    9  m.  NW.  Anfpach. 

Cobue,  {La,)  a  river  of  France,  which 
branches  from  the  river  Aa  at  Watte,  in  the 
department  of  the  Straits  of  Calais,  fee  jia. 

Cobneiiar,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caf- 
tile,  on  the  confines  of  New  Caftile.  21  m. 
NW.  Talavera  de  la  Reina. 

Colmenar,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caf- 
tfle.     15  miles  NE.  Efcurial. 

Colmenfie,  a  town  of  PrulTia,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Culm.     14  miles  SE.Culm. 

CohnitZt  a  tov/n  of  Auirria.  4  miles  SSW. 
Droifendorf. 

Cobnnitz,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Erzgebirg.     6  miles  E.  Freyburg. 

Cobnrciith,  a  town  of  Germanv',  in  ^1*^6 
bifliopric  of  Bamberg.     6  m.  NE.  Forcheira. 

Coin,  a  river  of  England,  v/hich  pafles  by 
Uxbridgeand  Colnbrook,  and  runs  into  the 
Thames  at  Staines,  feparating  the  county  of 
Middlefex  from  Euckinghamfliire. 

Coin,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  fea  near  Colchefter. 

Cln,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  Thames  at  Crickiader 
,  Colnah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  province 
of  Boofnah.     13  miles  SSE.  Mahniudpour. 

Cobdro-A,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Bucks,  on  the  river  Coin,  witli  a 
weekly  market  on  Wednefday.  3  miles  E. 
Windlbr,  17  W.London.  Long.o.  32.  W. 
Laf.  51-29.  N. 

Cobic,  a  tov/n  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Lancaffer,  with  a  weekly  market  on  Wed-, 
nefday.  In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants 
was  3626,  of  whom  1202  v/ere  employed 
in  trade  and  manufacfures.  32  niiies  N. 
Mancheifer,  214  NNW.  London.  Long. 
2.  7.  W.  J.at.s3.  48.  N. 

Colo,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palatinate 
ofKalifch,  where  the  king,  with  his  aimv, 
pafted  the  Warta  in  the  year  if^jj.  io  miles 
N  Kali  ft  h. 


COL 

ColoaU  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  In  Canara. 
12  miles  S,  Man'Taloro. 

Coloca,  a  town  ot  South-America,  in  the 
government  ot  Bacnos  Avrcs.  12  miles  N. 
Santa  Cruz  dc  ]<i  Sierra  hi  Nucva. 

C'JocbinJ,  lee  CoUkitia. 

Colocza,  a  town  of  Hungaiv,  on  the  Da- 
nube, the'  lee  oi  an  archbilhop,  formerly  a 
city  of  conlcquence,  but  now  mach  gone  to 
decay,  in  Cvjni'equence  of  repeated  wais.  60 
miles  N.  B:ics,  136  8E,  Vienna.  I.o?ig.  iZ. 
.  54.  E.  /-^/.  46.33.  N. 

Colodi,  a  town  of  the  republic  or  l/ucca. 
7  miles  Lucca. 

Colog'ux,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Parluan, 
containing  aboul  300  houics;  their  chief 
trade  is  in  wine  and  ill!:. 

Cokgna,  a  town  of  italy,  in  the  Vicentin. 
ao  miles  S.  Vicenza. 

Cologne,  till  very  lately  an  electoral  bi- 
ihopric  of  Germnny,  in  the  circle  of  the 
Lower  Rhine,  divided  into  feveral  ditlrids 
by  other  ellates  ;  the  greater  part  is  lituated 
upon  the  Rhine,  between  the  dutchies  of 
Juliers  and  IJerg ;  another  part  is  iituated 
betv/ccn  JuHers  and  Treves;  the  dutchies 
of  llecklinghaulen  and  Weitphalia  form 
another.  It  takes  its  name  from  the  city  of 
Cologne.  I'he  ibil  is  unequal ;  being  com- 
pofed  of  mountains  and  forgfts,  iandy  lands, 
and  fertile  fields ;  there  is  plenty  of  game, 
hih,  and  mineral  fprings,  and  vineyards  from 
which  is  made  excellent  wine.  It  contained 
72  towns  and  cities;  the  Hates  were  com- 
pofed  ofptelates,  nobles,  and  cities;  and 
the  afTemblies  held  at  Bonn.  The  inhabi- 
tants are  Roman  Catholics  in  general.  Co- 
logne was  a  billiopric  in  the  year  314,  and 
was  erected  into  an  archbifhopric  in  the 
year  799,  by  Charlemagne,  with  the  billiop- 
rics  of  Liege,  Munlfer,  and  Ofnabruck,  for 
i'uffragans,  but  enjoying  no  fpiritual  power 
over  the  latter.  The  archbifliop  of  Cologne 
bore  the  pallium  and  the  crofs,  and  took 
the  title  ot  born  legate  of  the  h;)ly  {^z.,  and 
arch-chancellor  of  the  facred  ei.'pii-e  lor 
Italy.  lie  gave  his  vote  after  the  elciftor  of 
Treves,  and  fit  at  the  right  hand  of  the 
emperor  at  aifemblies  held  in  his  own  dio- 
cefe,  in  Gaul  or  in  Italy.  The  metropolitan 
cluirch  and  chapter  were  at  Cologne ;  the 
chapter  v/as  compofed  of  jj  canons  and  36 
riignkarie?,  all  of  v/hich  were  princes  or 
counts,  except  8  doctors.  The  cledtorate 
paid  1823  florins  for  a  Roman  n:ontIi,  and 
v/as  taxed  for  the  Imperial  chamber  811 
crowns,  58  kruitzers,  for  each  term.  That 
p:irt  of  the  epifcopal  territory  which  lay  on 
the  left  fide  of  the  Rhine,  has  been  annexed 
to  France,  and  forms  part  of  the  departments 
of  the  Rhine  and  Mofellc,  and  the  lioer; 
and  in  1804,  the.refl  on  the  right  v.a?  given 
to  the  Prince  of  Np^ffau  Ufingeo. 

Cologne,  a  city  of  Irancf,   and  principal 


COL 

place  of  a  diflriift  in  the  deparrn-.ent  of  rhc 
Uoer;  before  the  French  revolution,  a  free 
and  imperial  city  of  Germany,  and  c;ipital 
of  an  archbilhopric  to  which  it  gave  name, 
founded  by  the  Ubii.  Ti  is  buii.  in  the  form 
of  a  crefcent,  on  the  borders  of  the  Rhine, 
and  fortified  in  tlie  ancient  manner.  Thev 
reckon  at  Cologne34  gates,  10  (.ollegiatc  anci 
49  parilh  churches,  4  abbies,  r(,  convents, 
16  hofpitals  and  ko  chapels.  The  I'rotcf- 
tants  hold  their  religious  aifemblies  at  Mill- 
heim,  a  fmall  town  dependent  on  thedutchy 
of  Berg.  Cologne  acknowledg'd  the  power 
of  the  archbilhop  \n  fpirituah,  hut  not  as  a 
prince  ;  and  on  his  inauguration  he  took  an 
oath  to  maintain  its  rights  and  immunities; 
nay,  the  inhnbitants  pretend  that  he  cannot 
refide  in  the  city  three  days  without  permif- 
fion.  The  Itreets  arc  narrow,  winding,  and 
gloomy ;  and  the  city,  though  well  lituated 
on  the  Rhine  for  commerce,  is  ..ot  populous. 
The])rincipal  m:inuf-nffureis  that  of  ribbons. 
The  government  is  faid  to  be  formed  on  the 
model  of  the  Roman  republic  ;  the  city  paid 
1 100  florins  for  the  Roman  month,  and  407 
rix  dollars,  72  kruitzers,  to  the  Imperial 
chamber.  The  military  force  confiflcdof4 
companies  of  ibldiers.  The  French,  after 
the  defeat  of  General  Clairfayt,  entered 
Cologne  on  the  6th  of  O*5tobcr  1794,  and 
were  received  rather  a-,  fnendsthan  enemies. 
Tiieifihabitants,  it  is  laid,  prelied  upon  them 
v/i'ih  the  moil  unequivocal  tokens  of  joy  and 
admiration.  The  magiltrates  had  prcvioufly 
lent  four  deputies  to  the  French  general  to 
deprecate  the  admifiion  of  light  troops  widiiu 
the  walls ;  the  requcft  was  granted,  and  ]\c 
entered  only  at  the  head  of  40C0  men:  very 
few  of  the  inhabitants  left  the  place ;  tiie 
perfjns  and  property  of  all  who  renuined 
were  in  the  moll  perfed  fccurity;  and  tlie 
fecular  clergy  were  permitted  the  free  cx- 
ercile  of  their  functions.  23  polls  N. 
Mentz,  8  NE.  Aix  La  Chapcile.  Ls;;^.  6.53. 
Let.  50. 56.  N. 

Cologne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dopart- 
meut  of  the  Gcrs.     18  miles  E.  Auch. 

Cologne,  fee  Berlin. 

Cdognol:,  a  town  of  Etraria.  6  n.ilcs  E. 
Leghorn. 

Colog?:y,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lcman.     2  miles  NE.  CJcneva. 

Cohguola,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  tiie  depart- 
ment of  the  Scrio.     16   miles  E.  Bcrgann^ 

C'kkilia,  or  Kciokltia,  a  feap;;rt  town  of 
Ei:roi)ean  Turkey,  on  the  fl-julliern  coall  of 
the  Morca,  in  a  gulf  to  which  it  givcsnanic. 
This  was  formerly  the  leaport  of  the  city 
of  Sparta,  and  named  Gyti:iun!.  25  mi'cs 
SSE.   Mifitra.    Lotrg.  2:.  34.  E.  Lai.  z<" 

47.  N- 

Co'jviny,  a  tov.n  of  Poland,  in  t;tc  p.da- 
tinaie  of  Red  RulIIa.     5  miles  NE.  Hal  c/ 

C:U':'"j  {L.1,)  a  tov.  n  c^  Tiz'-.z:,  ir  rX.e 


COL 

department  uf  the  Channel.     li  miles  SE. 
Coutances. 

Colomhes,  a  town  cf  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Paris. '   3  miies  N"W.  Paris. 

Colo7?ibey  atix  belies  Fe}7ii?ieSi  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Meurta. 
iS  miles  SW.  Nancy. 

Colombier,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Saone.  4  miles  HE. 
Yefoul,  10  W.  Lure. 

ColGihbiei'.,  a  town  of  Swifferland,  in  the 
county  of  Neufchatel.  2  m.  SW.  Neufchateh 

Ccl'cuihier  Is  Jeiwe,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  departnicntof  the  Ardeche.  17  miles 
K.  Privas. 

ColoiMers,  a  town  of  France,  in  thedepart- 
jnent  of  Aveiron.     11  niiles  W.  Rhodez. 

ColoTwhe,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
audience  of  Quito.   70.  m.  NVv".  Guayaquih 

Coioni,  a  tov/n  of  Paleiline.  12  miles  W. 
Jerufalem. 

Colo-nbraro,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Bafili- 
jeafa.    4  miles  SSW.  Tinfi. 

Colonht,  a  town  oflllria.  5  miles  SSE. 
Rovigno. 

Cohnia,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Dalmatia.     24  miles  N.  Spalatro. 

Co!oni:a,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
Campagnadi  Roma.     12  miles  Rome. 

Cobnne,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Jura.     6  miles  WNW.  Poiigny. 

CrJonr.oor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     6  m.  NNE.  Nellore. 

Colonsa,  one  of  the  ^vertcrn  iilands  of 
Scotland.  6  m.  ions;,  and  2  broad.  Long.  6. 
g,  W,.  LaL  56.  7;"N. 

Colonsa,  one  of  the  weltern  iflands,  near 
the  fbuth-weli  -coaft  of  Mull.  Long.  6. 14. 
W.  Lat.  56.  30.  N_.     _    ^ 

Coloor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  cir- 
car  of  Guntoor,  in  which  is  a  diamond 
mine,  lituatcd  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  Kifl- 
cah.     13  miles  N\V.  Condavir. 

Cobpo,  a  river  of  Peru,  which  runs  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  jL^?^.  I.N. 

Colorado,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  r.ims 
into  the  Spanifh  main,  Lo.-:g.  8s.  50.  W. 
Lat.  10.  15.  N. 

Color  ados,  {Los,)  a  town  of  South-Ame- 
rica, in  the  government  of  Tucuman.  105 
miles  NS.  Salvador  de  Jujui., 
-  CokradOi  a'river  of  New  Mexico,  which 
■Tunr,  into  thebayof  St.  Bernard,  LaL  29. N. 
^  Colorado,  Or  River  of -Martyrs,  a  river  of 
I-?Drth-America,  which  runs  into  ihe  northern 
part  of  the  gulf  ofCalifoniia. 

Colorado,  or  'Riviere  Rouge,  a  river  of 
Loufi.nia,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  50  miles  below  New  Orleans. 

Cobrados,  {Los,)  a. numerous  cluffer  of 
fmail  iflands,  or  rocks,  near  the  north-weft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 

Coloredo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  country  of 
•  Fiiuli.  ■  7  miles  NWv  Udina. 


COL 

Colof'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  theParmefan. 
7  miles  N.  Parm.a. 

Colos,  a  town  of  Tranfilvania.  4  miles 
N.  Colofvar. 

Ccbso,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Carthagena.     32  miles  S.  Tolu. 

ColoJJe,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus,  on 
the  river  Lycus  :  the  environs  of  which  are 
moft  beautifully  improved  with  mulberry 
trees  for  the  filk-worms,  and  alfo  with  a 
great  number  of  orange  and  -lemon  .gardens; 
at  the  fouth  end  there  is  an  ancient  precep- 
tory  of  the  jinights  of  St.  John  of  Jerufilem, 
which  isnov.'in  ruins:  there  are  likewifethe 
remains  of  a  very  high  aqueduft  that  con- 
veyed water  to  it.  It  is  the  opinion  offorae 
that  the  ancient  city  of  Curium  was  here. 
Dr.  Pocock  could  not  fee  the  leafl  fign  of 
any  ruins;  but  on  the  hill  to  the  weft  he 
obferved  the  foundations  of  a  thick  wail, 
w^hich  feemed  to  have  encompafled  forae 
ancient  town,  probably  the  city  of  Curiam.  ■ 
And  it  is  not  unlikely  that  the  grove  fiicred 
to  Apollo  near  Curium  was  where  the  wil- 
higc  of  Epiicopi  nov/  flands,  which  is  a  place 
abounding  in  water.     30  miles  SE.  BaiFa. 

Cobfvar,  or  Claufenburg,  a  town  of-Tran- 
filvania,  on  the  river  Samos,  v/here  the  ftates 
of  the  province  generally  afiernble.  It  had 
an  univerfity,  which  wasfiipprefTed  in  1782. 
255  miles  ESE.  Vienna,  145  NNE.  Bel- 
grade.    Long.  22.  21.  E.  Lat. /[,().  5-j.  N. 

Colovety,  a  tov;n  of  Hindootlan,  in  Earra- 
maul,  16  miles  NNW.  Namacul. 

Cobitmasar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,    in 
Marawar.     ao  miles  N,  Trumian- 
■     Colour,  a  town  of  liindobflanj  in  Palnaud. 
40  miles  Timerycotta. 

Cobttr,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Myfore. 
30  miles  N.  Seringapatam. 

Coloiirpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Guntoor.  •  15  m.  SW.  Guntoor. 

Colpes,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Tucuman.  15  miles  N.  St.. 
Fernando. 

Colpn,  a  tov/n  of  South -America,  and  ca- 
pital of  a  jurifdiftion  in  Peru. 

Colnuemarca,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the 
diocefe  of  La  Plata.     30  m.  S.  Ortiro. 

Coljir,  a  tov.n  of  Tlnbet.  50  miles  NE. 
Ilarachar-Hotun. 

Colsoin  Bay.,  a  bay  on  the  north  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  kuatan. 

Colfom  Point,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Yucatan.     Long.  89. 15.  W.  Lat.  18. 10. N. 

Coliiga,  or  Iro7igate,  a  fortrefs  of  Grand 
Buckharia,  in  a  pajhage  cut  through  rocks. 
80  miles  W.  Saganian. 

Coliinihatz,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Euro- 
pean';Turkey,  in  Servia,  on  tlie  Danube.  1$ 
miles  E.  Semendria. 

Coluv.'hia,  a  town  or  diftrift  of  United 
America,  extending  ten  miles  round  the  new 
city  of  Waihington,  .'  ■ 


COL 


COL 


Cohmhla,  a  town  of  United  Amerlci,  In  brown  cranes,  white  fwnns,  wliitc  anj  brown 

the  new  itates,  at  the  union  of  the  Little  gecfe,  ducks,  partrid.c;(.'S,  and  fnipcs ;  a  va- 

Miami  with  the  Ohio.     Long.  84.  34.  W.  ricty  of  others  were  iecn,  liiat  could  nut  be 

y.<;7/.  38.  57.  N.  taken.     All   th.'t  wore  brought  on  boaid, 

CV-YW/J-zy,  a  town  of  South  Carolina,  on  excepting  the  brown  cranes,' proved  cxccl- 

■the  Ibuth  lide  of  the  Cangarce,  intended  for  lent  at  table.     The  river  fecmed  to  ;ibouriJ 

the  capital;  it  was  when  firft  built  called  with  lifli,  from  the  fupply  the  natives  pro- 
Saxegolha.     85  miles  WNW.  Charleftown.'  vided,  conhiling  of  two  forts  of  iidnion, 

Long.  8i.5.\V.     Lat.  38.  58.N.  both  very  good,  llurgron  of  a  large  lize 

Columbia.,  or  Point  of  Fork.,  a  tov/n  of  and  very  fine  flavour,  with  filvcr  bream,  licr- 

Virginia,  at  the  conflux  of  the  Rivanna  and  rings,  flat  filli,  and  fardinias ;  of  thde  four 

Fluvanna,  which  union  takes  the  name  of  lail,  fbnie  were  caught  in  the  fcinc.    The 

James  river.     Here  is  a  v/arehoufe  for  the  fl^irts  of  the  Vi/oods  afforded  a  moll  excel - 

infpeclion  of  tobacco.  60  m.  W.  Ilichmond.  lent  green  vegetable,  refembling  in  appcar- 

(7(7/.'.'w/v.?,  a  county  of  New-York,  bounded  ance  and  tafte  the  turnip-top  wiien  yourc  ; 

on  the  north  by  the  county  of  Rcnflelaer,  a  bulbous  root  about  the  ii/.e,  andnot  u.'-'jike 

on  the  eaft  by  the  ftate  of  Maillichufetts,  on  the  crocus,  that  ate  much  like  mealy  pota- 

thefouthby  Duchefscounty,  and  on  the  weft  toe  ;  wild  mint,  ground  ivy,  and  wild  laven- 

by  the  river  Hudfon.     30  miles  jrom  north  der.  All  thefe  the  natives  make  great  ule  of. 


to  fouth,  and  15  from  eafl  to  wcff. 

Coluvibia,  a  river  of  North-America,  in 
New  Georgia,  which  runs  into  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean.  Mr.  Broughton  examined 
this  river  as  far  as  84  miles  from  the  mouth. 


together  with  berries  of  various  kind;,  par- 
ticularly the  cranberry,  of  a  mofl  excellent 
flavour,  andthefirfr  v/ehadfeenpnthis  coafl. 
The  natives  differed  in  nothing  A'cry  mate- 
rially from  others  before  feen,   but  in  the 


The  difcovcry  of  this  river  is  claimed  by  riie  decoration  of  their  pericns  ;  in  this  rcfped:, 

Spaniards,  whocall  it  Entradade  Ceta,  after  they  furpafled  all  theother  tribes  with  paints 

the  commander  of  the  vefFel,  who  is  faid  to  of  different  colours,  feathers,  and  other  or- 

be  its firfl  difcoverer,  but  who  never  entered  naments;  their  houfes  ^^^med  to  be  more 

it ;  he  places  it  in  46  north  latitude. — The  comfortable  than  thofe  of  Nootka,  the  roof 

entrance  litsbetween  the  breakers  extending  having  a  greater  inclination,  and  the  plank- 

from  Cape  Dilappointment  on  the  north  fide  ing  being  thatched  over  with  the  bark  of 

and  thofe  of  thefcuth  fide fi'om point  Adams,  trees.    The  entrance  is  through  a  hole  in  a 

over  a  fort  of  bar,  or  more  properly  an  eJrten-  broad  plank,  covered  in  fuch  a  manner  as  to 

live  flat,  on  which  was  found  no  lefs  depth  of  refemble  the  face  of  a  man,  the  mouth  ferving 

water  than  4^  fiuhoms.     The  beft  leading  the  purpofe  of  a  door  wav  ;  the  lire  place  is 


leadir  _ 
mark  is  to  bring  the  Tongue  point,  which 
looks  like  an  iuand  near  thefouthern  Ihore, 
to  bear  by  compafs  about  E.  by  N.and  then 
fteer  for  it;  this  was  obferved  in  the  paf- 
fages  of  the  Chatham  in  and  out,  though  on 
the  latter  occafion  circuraftanccs  were  too 
unpleafantto  allowof  great  precifion.  The 
greateif  rife  and  fall  of  tide  in  this  bay  ob- 
ferved by  Mr.  Baker,  was  tvv'elve  feet ;  high 
%vater  at  full  and  change  at  half  pafl  one 
o'clock.  With  refpect  to  its  natural  pro- 
dudions,  and  other  intcrefting  matter,  the 
weather  experienced  on  board  the  vefTcl 
precluded  any  competent  knowledge  being 
acquired.  The  trees  principally  compofing 
the  foreft  were  pines  of  different  kinds, 
growing  to  a  large  fize,  but  were  notcqual  to 
tliofe  of  Nootka  ;  near  t!ie  water  fide  were 
found  maple,  alder,  and  afli,  and  at  Ibme 
diflance  up  the  river,  befide  thefe,  the  oak, 
poplar,  and  oriental  ilrawberry  trees  were 
produced,  with  many  other  fuieff  trees  un- 
known to  the  gentlemen  who  made  a  fhort 
excurfion  into  the  country,  and  wiio  v/ere 


funk  into  the  earth,  and  confiHcd  from 
fpreading  above  by  a  wooden  frame.  Tlie 
inhabitants  are  univerfally  addidcd  to  fino- 
king,  their  pipe  is  flmliar  to  ours  in  fli.ipc, 
the  bowl  is  made  of  very  hard  wood,  ;ind  is 
externally  ornamented  with  carvings ;  the 
tube  about  two  feet  long  is  made  of  a  ihwU 
branch  of  the  elder,  in  diis  they  fmoke  an 
Iierb,  which  th^  country  produces,  of  a  very 
mild  nature,  -and  by  no  means  unplcifint; 
they  hov.  ever  took  great  pleafure  in  finoking 
tobacco;  hence  it  is  n.itural  to  conclude,  it 
might  become  a  valiable  aiticle  of  traffic 
amongfl  them.  In  molt  other  rcfj)e(5ts  they 
refemble  their  neighbours,  as  to  their  man- 
ners and  mode  of  living,  being  equally  filthy 
and  uncleanly,  'llic  foil  of  the  luv/  ground 
v/as  moffly  a  llilF  lich  clay,  cap;ible  to  all 
appearance  of  being  very  productive;  that 
on  the  liigh  land  amongft  the  pine  trees  a 
black  mould  fcemingly  coivipofld  of  dcca;fed 
vegetables.  Lorig,oi\ki<i  entrance,  236.  6. 
E.  Lat.  46.  19.  N. 

ColiimhOf  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Ceylon, 
only  able  to  judge  cf  the'indigenous  qua-  on  the  v/eff  coait,  where  the  Portugucle  had 
drupeds  or  animals  by  tl^e  lldns  the  natives  a  fettlement,  from  winch  they  wci-e  driven 
wore  or  brought  to  barter;  thefe  were  fimi-  by  the  Dutch  ;  they  poikfLd  it  from  the 
kr  to  thofe  found  on  other  parts  of  the  coaff.  year  151 7  to  1656.  Tins  town  is  ihecapitjl 
The  birds  that  were  procured,  were  large    cf  a  populous  diitnft  winch  extends  abcLt 


C  0  u 


G  O  M 


lb  miles  in  length,  and  24  in  breadth;  here 
is  faid  to  be  a  feminary  for  promoting  the 
Chriftian  religion,  and  it  is  computed  that 
there'  are  30,000  Chrillians  in  the  ifiaiid. 
The  road  is  r.nfafe,  and  only  pra(5licab!e  for 
a  few  months  in  the  year.  70  miles  SW. 
Candy.    I.o^ig.  79.  47.  E-  L^'-  6.  58.  N. 

Columpa,  a  town  o:  Cambodia.  130  m. 
KNW.  Cambodia. 

Columpihcni,  one  of  the  fmaller  Philippine 
iflands,  near  the  north  coaft  of  Leyta.  Long. 
124.  21.  E.  I, at.  II.  20.  K. 

Ccluri,  an  iiland  in  the  gulf  of  Engia,  near 
tlic  coaft  of  Livadia,  about  feven  miles  long, 
and  two  wide.  This  is  the  ancient  Salamis, 
called  alfo  Pithyr.fa,  and  Cychria,  fomous 
in  the  hifioryof  Greece  for  the  fignal  viclory 
.stained  over  the  Pen'ians.  It  was,  with  fome 
interruption,  fubje^l  to  the  Athenians,  till 
after  the  conqucft  of  Athens  by  Sylla,  when 
iialamis  was  declared  free,  and  enjoyed  its 
freedom  till  reduced  by  Velpafian  with  the 
reft  cf  Greece  to  a  Roman  province.  10  m. 
W.  Athens.     Long,  a:^  36. 'E.  Lat.  3".  N. 

Cckvyn,  a  village  of  South- Wales,  in  Rad- 
norfhire.  Here  are  the  remains  of  a  caftlc, 
called  Caftle  Maud  :  it  was  defr royed  by 
the  V/elfli,  and  in  123 1  rebuilt  by  Henry  III. 
a  miles  SW.  Radnor. 

Co'lyion,  fee  Cullytcn. 

Com,  ox  Kom,  a  , town  cf  Perfla,  in  tbe 
province  of  Irac,  lltuated  in  a  plain  near  a 
river,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  a  lofty 
mountain,  and  containing  about  15,000 
houfes.  It  is  furroundcd  by  a  ditch,  and 
defended  by  fome  fquare.  towers.  On  the 
fide  of  the  river  is  a  handfome  quay,  and  in 
the  tow^n  are  feme  good  bazars  for  traders, 
wholefale  and  retail.  The  chief  articles  fold 
here  are  fruit,  both  freih  and  dry,  the  beft 
ibap  found  in  Perfia,  and  excellent  fword 
blades,  white  pottery,  fiiks,  and  velvets. 
There  are  feveral  beautiful  mofques,  fome 
gra,nd  fepulchres  of  the  kings  Sefy  and 
Abbas  II.  with  fome  others.  90  miles  S. 
Cafbjn,  150  N.  Ifpahan.  Luig.^o.  40.  E. 
Lat.  34-  55-  ^^•      . 

Covia,  a  fmall  ifiand  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  ccail:  of  Africa.     Lat.  7.  30.  S. 

Coma,  a  town  of  Svria,  in  the  road  from 
Aleppo  to  B;iflbra,  where  there  is  a  fpring 
%}{  warm  water,     ijo  miles  ESE.  Aleppo. 

Coir.ach'io,  a  town  cf  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Po,  Jituated  in  a  marfliy 
country,  called  The  Valh'y  of  Coi)iachio,x\'\t 
fee  of  a  bifliop,  faflragan  of  Ravenna.  It 
was  taken  by  the  Jmnerialifls  in  1708,  but 
reftored  by  Charles  VI.  to  Pope  i3enedi(^ 
XIII.  28  miles  E.  Ferrara,  49  S.  Venice. 
J^o?:g.  12.  10.  E.  Lat.  44.  42.  N. 

CcvuiJc,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Cuze- 
rat-    9  miles  E.  Surat. 

Cciaan,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  ia 
W'Jiicb.ivi.    5  miles  N.  YidJin. 


Coinanla,  a  country  of  ACa,  the  fanie  v/itfl 
Dageftar,  which  fee. 

Comanova,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Macidonia.     28  miles  ESE.  Skopia. 

Coinarau,  or  Sa?itos  Anges,  a  town  of 
Brahl,  on  the  river  Negro,  j  15  miles  W. 
Fort  Rio  Negro. 

Co7)iaru,  a  town  of  Brafil,  on  the  river 
Amazons.  36  miles  SE.  Pauxis. 

Coviarceah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.     10  miles  N.  Iflamabad. 

Coriiareeaih  a  town  of  Hindooifan,  in  Gu- 
zerat.     23  miles  E.  Godra. 

CoTJiargovg,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.     25  miles  NW.  Nattore. 

Ccmartch,  a  river  of  South-Wales,  in  the 
county  of  Brecknock,  which  runs  into  the 
Yrvun,  8  miiles  W.  Bealth.  ,   ■ 

Comau,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
government  of  Para,  on  the  ri\erof  the 
Amazons.     6  miles  NW.  Macapa. 

Co)/myagua,  fee  Valladol'ul. 

Co7//b  Martin,  a  town  of  England,  en  the 
north  coall  of  Dcvcnfliire,  in  the  Briftol 
Channel, with  a  fmall  creek  for  boats.  Near 
it  are  iilver  mines,  which  formerly  produced 
a  confiderable  quantity  of  ore.  In  looi,  the 
number  of  inhabitants  were  819  only.  39 
m.  W.  Bridgwater,  176  W.  London.  Lc?ig-. 
4.  W.  Lat.  51.  14.  N. 

Comha,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Kaarta.     95  miles  E.  Kemnn^o. 

Coviba7T!,_  a  town  of 'Hindooftan,  in  the 
province  of  Cuddapa.  65  m.  N.  Cuddapa. 
Long-  79.  8.  E.  Lat.  15.  28.  N. 

Conihainet-,  a  town  cf  Hindcoftrn,  in  the 
province  of  Golconda.  68  miles  E.  Hydra- 
bad.    Long.  80.  2.  E.  Lat.  17.  19.  N. 

Couhanfon,  a  town  of  Africa,  rn  the  king- 
dom of  Congo.     25  miles  SU.  Sundi. 

Comharya,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles 
W.  Biifunpour. 

Combe,  (La,)  a  town  of  France,  In  the 
department  of  Mont  Blanc.  9  miles  NNW. 
Annecy. 

Con'iheau  Fontaine,  a  town  of  France,  ia 
the  department  of  the  Upper  Saone.  i  x  m- 
WNVv^  Vezoul,  7  S.  Juiley. 

Con/hens,^  river  of  South-Wales,  in  Caer- 
marthenlhire,  which  runs  into  the  Loughor, 
5  miles  NE.Llanelthy. 

Conihcrmerc,  a  lake  of  England,  in  tb.e 
county  of  Chefter,  on  the  borders  of  Shrop- 
fhire.     5  miles  S.  Nantwich. 

Covibi,  a  river  cf  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lai.  3.  30.  S. 

Combkonuni,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.    20  miles  NE.  Tanjore. 

Conibir  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Cochin-china.  Long, lo'i.'E.  Lat.  13.23.N. 

Covihir  do  Mer,  a  Imall  iflar;d  in  tr.e  Ch.i- 
nefc  fea,  near  the  ooaft  of  Cochin-china. 
Long.  109.  58.  E.  Lat.  13.44.  N. 

Canllr  da  Terra,  a  ih.all  iHur.d  in  th.s 


C  O  INI 

Cliinefe  fea,  near  the  coafl:  of  Codiin-china. 
Lo7ig.  109.  9.  E.  Lat.  13.  -24.  N. 

Combo.,  a  town  on  the  north  coafl;  of  the 
ifland  of  Cumbava.  Z/s/.'^.  118.18.E.  Lat. 
8.  21.  S.     . 

Comh-Ovih,  i.  e.  The  Hill  of  Omho.,  a  town 
of  Egypt,  lituated  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Nile,  oppofite  t6  an  ifland  anciently  called 
Ombos.  There  are  great  ruins  about  the 
hill,  elbecially  of  an  ancient  temple.  The 
people  of  Ombos  were  famous  for  the  wor- 
lliip  of  the  Crocodile;  and  TE'.ian  gives  an 
account  that  thev  fed  them  in  their  marlhcs: 
they  were  perfcdtly  tame,  and  obeyed  when 
they  were  called. 

Co77ihondongdon.,  an  ifland  in  the  Eaftern 
Indian  fea,  about  30  miles  in  circumference. 
Long.  104.  24.  E.  Lat.  o.  27.  S. 

Co}nbo?2ore,  a  town  of  Ilindooilan,  in  Bar- 
ramaul.     8  miles  NE.  Darempoury. 

Conihourg,  a  town  ol  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  lile  and  Vilaine.  7  miles 
S.  Dol. 

Covihr allies,  before  the  revolution  a  finall 
country  of  France,  in  the  province  of  Au- 
vergne,  of  which  Evaux  was  the  capital. 

Canbree,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  7  miles 
W.  Segre. 

Combregoudou,  a  town  of  Africa,  and  ca- 
pital of  adiftrid  in  the  kingdom  of  Bamboak. 
90  miles  S.  Galani. 

Cotubret,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aveiron.     24  miles  E.  Aibv. 

Co7/ibro7!de,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Puy-de-B6me.  6  miles 
N.  Riom. 

Co77!chg,  or  Cor/iicha,  a  town  of  Pcrfia, 
where  the  caravans  reft  in  the  road  from 
Ifpahan  to  Ormus. 

Co7/ieer,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  Newal. 
20  miles  NW.  Fattypour. 

Co)7ie/iitza,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Albania.  52  raiies  SW.  Uellino,  40  NW. 
Arta. 

Co77!ercalh,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Boufnah.  37  miles  NVV.  Mahmud- 
pour.     Lo7!g.  89.  2C.  W.  Lar.  23.  54.  N. 

Co7iierchi/i,  a  tovv/n  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Romania.     62  miles  E.  Emboli. 

Co77icrgu7tge,  a  town"  of  Bengal.  15  miles 
NE.  Dinagepour. 

Co77ierla,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cuddapa.     11  m.  N.  Gandicotta. 

Co77ierparah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  28  miles 
SSE.  Mahmudpour. 

Co7/:erpour,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Ganges.  15  miles  NE.  Moor- 
fhedabad. 

Co7)iery,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     26  miles  ENE.  Coilpetta. 

Co77iefaggio,oxCo77icjfazo.,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  the  department  of  the  Upper  Po.  4 
miles  NE.  Sabionetta. 

Vol.  I.  R  r 


CO  M 

CofJif-ffag^io,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs 
into  the  Oglio,  9  miles  NE.  Sabionetta. 

Cot7icfus,  a  lake  of  New-York.  27  miles 
S.  lake  Ontario. 

Cometta,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cuddapa.     32  m.NW.  Gandicotta. 

Co!7iczzano,  a  town  of  Italv,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mela.     12  m.  WSW.  Br  ?l"cia. 

Co77ihola,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs 
into  Bantry  Bay,  3  miles  N.  Bantry. 

Co7!iildahy  a  town  of  Bengal,  m  Chitti- 
gon^g.     23  miles  NNVV.  Hkmiabad. 

Coviillah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  and  capital 
of  adiftri6f,annexcd  to  Bengal  from  Tip- rah. 
160  miles  ENE.  Calcutta,  176  ESE.  iMoor- 
fiiedabad.     LoTig.  91.  i ,-.  E.  Luf.  23.25.N. 

Cor7ii72aig,  a  town  of  Hindooltan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     27  miles  W,  Madura. 

Co77iities,  a  town  of  Fi-ance,  in  the  depart* 
nient  of  the  Lys,  lituated  on  the  Lys,  which 
divides  it  in  two  parts.  This  town  is  greatly 
reduced  from  its  former  grandeur  by  acci- 
dents and  war.  In  the  year  145c,  great 
jjart  of  it  WIS  burnt  down,  together  with  the 
caftle,  but  the  whole  was  rebuilt  fonie  years 
after.  In  the  year  1585,  the  garrifon  {Vom 
Oftend  burnt  it  almoft  entirely  down,  except 
the  caftle.  In  1645,  Marechal  de  GalTion 
made  himfelf  maftcr  of  the  caftle,  but  the 
Archduke  Leopold  retook  it  in  1648.  In 
1657,  die  Marechal  de  Turenne,  after  de- 
feating a  body  of  troops  commanded  by  the 
Prince  de  Eigne,  at  Rofebeck,  took  it  and 
gave  it  up  to  pillage.  Two  years  after  it 
was  reftored  to  Spain  at  the  treaty  of  th.e 
Pyrenees ;  but  the  French  again  feized  it  in 
1672,  and  razed  the  fortilications  both  of 
the  town  and  caftle.  Philip  de  Comines, 
author  of  the  celebrated  Memoirs  of  his  ov;n 
Time,  was  born  of  an  illuftrious  familv  ia 
this  place.  In  November  1792,  Comines 
was  taken  by  the  French.  25  m. S.Bruges, 
7  N.  Lille. 

Co7iiino,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, near  Malta. 

Conns,  a  fiiK'.U  provinceof  Periia,  bounded 
on  the  nordi  by  Mazanderan,  on  liie  eaft  by 
Choralan,  on  the  fouth  by  Chouhcftan,  and 
on  the  weft  by  Irac.     Bistain  is  the  capital. 

Co7/:iJJerah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.     26  miles  NVV.  Sirferam. 

Co77iitla7i,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Ciiiapa.  70  miles  SE.  Chiapa 
dos  Elpagnols. 

Co/!!77ja7ia,  a  town  of  Walacliia.  2c  ni. 
SSW.  Buchareft. 

CoJ7i77ian!,  fee  Cot7i77ie7iio. 

Co7/i?7ia>iraiva>ia,  a  bay  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Vincent,  i  mile  E.Tar- 
raty  Point. 

Co77ime::dagur,  a  town  of  Hindooft;in,  in 
the  circar  of  Sehaurunpour.    %i  m.  S.  Mer.it. 

Co77nne7ido,  or  Co7/:ivaiii,  or  K':7/ii.'uini,  a 
kirgduiu  of  Afiica,  on  UieGoluCoaft,  about 


COM 

twenty  miles  fquare,  formerly  a  part  of  the 
kingdom  of  Fetu,  or  Zabu,  but  now  an  in- 
dependent kingdom  of  itfelf.  The  natives 
areof  a  warlilce  difpofition,  and  fo  numerous, 
that  the  king  is  f-iid  to  be  able,  in  this  little 
kingdom,  to  raife  an  army  of  20,000  men ; 
his  ordinary  body  guird  is  compofed  of  500 
,  men,  well  armed.  Moft  writers  fuppoic  that 
.'  Commendo  abounds  in  gold  mines,  but  that 
the  king,  fearful  of  exciting  the  avarice  of 
Europeans,  prevents  their  being  wrought. 

Cotmnendo,  f  Grand,)  or  Guaffo,  a  town 
of  Africa,  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Com- 
mendo, and  refidence  of  the  king,  (ituated 
at  fome  diftance  from  the  coail:.  It  is  well 
inhabited  and  large,  containing  about  400 
houfes.    Long.  3.  34- W.  Lat.  5.  16.  N. 

Covnnendo,  {Little,)  a  tov^^n  of  Ah-ica, 
fiLuated  on  the  Gold  Coaft,  clcfe  to  the  fhore 
of  the  Atlantic.  It  was  once  a  place  of  great 
rote,  and  one  of  the  fineft  towns  in  Guinea. 
At  prefent  it  exhibits  only  the  remains  of  a 
once  flourifhing  great  ci^y.'  Here  the  natives 
are  in  general  turbulent,  cunning,  andde- 
ceitful;  much  addided  to  lying  and  ftealing. 
Their  employment  confiils  onlv  in  fifhing 
or  in  commerce,  and  their  neighbours  em- 
ploy them  as  brokers  and  faftors.  Every 
morning  70  or  80  large  canoesmay  be  feen 
upon  the  coaft,  fifliing  or  trading  with  the 
European  (hipping  in  the  road.  About  the 
middle  of  the  day  they  put  to  fliore,  when 
the  fouth-weft  winds  begin  to  blow,  both 
for  facility  of  unloading,  and  for  fecuring  a 
market  for  their  cargoes  either  at  Great  or- 
Little  Commendo,  where  the  inland  negroes 
aflenible  with  the  commodities  of  their  leve- 
ral  countries.  No  markets  on  the  earth  are 
better  fuppiied  with  all  forts  of  grain,  roots, 
r  pulfe,  and  fifli,  than  thefc,  nor  at  a  more 
reafonable  price.  Here  the  Engiifh  and 
Dutch  have  forts.  Long.  3.  34'  W.  Lat. 
5.  12.  N. 

Cotiwiequiers^  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Vendee,  ij  miles  N. 
Sables  d'Olonne. 

ComT?ieragh,  mountains  of  Ireland,  in  the 
'  county  of  Waterford.     8  m.  N.  Dungarvon. 

Commercy,  a  town  of  France,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  dillrid,  in  the  department 
of  the  Meufe,  given  by  the  Duke  of  Lorrain 
to  the  bifliops  or  Metz.  It  became  after- 
■wards  a  kind  of  fovereignty,  divided  be- 
tween the  houfes  of  Nalfau  and  Rctz,  who 
ceded  their  rights  to  the  Duke  of  Lorrain. 
•  It  contains  two  parilhcs.  In  1544?  Com- 
mercy was  taken  by  the  emperor  Charles  V. 
24  miles  SSE.  Verdun,  16  E.  Ear-lc-Di;c. 
LoJig.  5.  40.  E.  Lat.  48.  46.  N. 

Covwicrfida,  ^  town  of  AiTam,  on  the 
Burrampooter.     50  miles  E.  Runganiatty. 

Coviiiimges,  before  the  revolution  a  coun- 
try of  France,  in  Gafcony,  about  45  miles 
ia  length,  and  18  in  breadth 5  the  ice  of  a 


COM 

biOiop,  whofe  refidence  was  at  St.  Bertrand, 
the  capital. 

Cojnviotau,  or  Cho?>ioton,  or  Cko7mitou,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of  Saatz.  It 
was  taken  by  Zifca  in  142 1,  who  put  the 
inhabitants,  male  and  female,  to  death  for 
their  brave  defence.  In  the  year  1648,  it 
furrendered  to  the  Swedes  at  difcretion. 
Large  quantities  of  alum  are  prepared  here. ' 
10  m.  NW.  Saatz,  38  S.  Drefden,  42  NW, 
Prague.     Long.  13.  25.  E.  Lat.  50.  26.  N. 

Commoulah  Dirgah,-A.lo\vn of Hindooftan, 
in  Oude.     35  miles  W.  Lucknow. 

Conimulachuck,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bahar,  on  the  Soane.     9  miles  NE.  Arrah. 

Covmeno,  a  town  of  Turkifli  Albania.  36 
miles  NE.  Albafani. 

Comni,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  Car- 
natic.     -^T,  miles  N.  Nellore. 

Como,  a  city  of  Italy,  and  capital  of  the 
department  of  the  Lario ;  built  by  the  Gauls, 
under  the  conduct  of  Brennus,  at  the  fouth. 
end  of  a  lake  to  which  it  gives  name;  plea- 
fantly  fituated  in  a  plain,  almoft  furrounded 
with  mountains ;  large,  populous,  and  com- 
mercial; it  is  the  lee  of  a  biihop,iuffragan  of 
Goritz,  and  contains  twelve  parilh  churches. 
The  town  is  furrounded  by  a  wall,  guarded 
by  pidurefque  towers,  and  backed  by  a  co- 
nical eminence,  on  which  ftand  the  ruins  of 
an  ancient  callle.  The  houfes  are  neatly 
built  of  itone,  and  the  cathedral  is  a  hand- 
f ojire  edifice  of  white  marble,  hewn  from  the 
neighbouring  qua.rries.  The  inhabitants  have 
cftabliflied  f'everal  manuHtdures  of  cottoa 
and  (ilk,  and  carry  on  fome  trade  with  the 
Grifons.  This  town  was  the  birth-place  of 
the  younger  pjiny,  and  the  inhabitants  have 
placed  his  ftatue  on  the  outfide  of  one  of  the 
churches,  with  a  Latin  infcription,  bearing 
the  date  of  1499.  ^^  contains  about  18,000 
inhabitants.  20  miles  N.  Milan.  Long.  9. 
3.  E.  Lat.  4.5.  46.  N. 

Como,  {Lake  of,)  a  lake  of  Italy,  in  the 
Milanefe,  about  27  miles  in  length  fi'om 
north  to  li^uth,  and  hardly  three  wide;  to- 
wards th,eiouth  itisdivided  intotwobranches, 
at  the  end  of  one  Hands  Como,  and  at  the 
end  of  the  othef  Lccco.  The  river  Adda 
paffes  through  it,  and  feveral  towns  and 
villages  are  fituated  on  its  banks,  which  are 
adorned  with  vines,  chelnuts,&  almond-trees. 

Conicl,  a  feaport  of  Nubia,  in  the  Red 
fea.     Zf//.  22.  33.  N. ., 

CoDiodo,  or  Ca!in>n\Ja,  an  ifland  in  the 
Eaftern  Indian  f'ca,  abUut  24  miles  long  from 
north  to  fbutli,  and  10  in  breadth,  feparated 
from  the  eaftern  part  of  Cunibava,  by  the 
firait  of  Sapy,  and  from  the  weft  coaft  of 
Flores  by  the  fl:rait  of  Mangeray.  Long. 
119.  48.  E.  /.r^/.8.  36.  S. 
■  Coa.oli'y  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guzerat, 
8  miles  S.  Amedabad. 

Cornoruy  or  Gonuira  IjUvtdi,  iflands  in  the 


COM 

Indian  fea,  between  the  northern  extremity 
of  Madagafcar,  and  the  continent  of  AiVica: 
they  are  four  in  number,  Angareja,  called 
alfo/Comora,  Mohilla,  Johanna,  and  JVIay- 
otta.  The  inhabitants  are  uncivilized,  fo 
that  Europeans  have  never  ventured  to  make 
a  long  abode  there.  They  are  all  extremely 
fertile,  well  ftocked  with  cattle,  flicep,  hogs, 
and.  birds  of  various  kinds.  They  produce 
likewife  fweet  and  four  oranges,  citrons, 
bananas,  honey,  fugar  canes,  rice,  ginger, 
cocoa  nuts,  &c.  Lojig.  43.  to  45.  E.  Lat. 
II.  10.  to  !,■;.  S. 

Coviora,  ice  Atigareja. 

Cotnora,  {Little,)  a  fmall  ifland  in  the 
Indian  fea.    /.^r^-. 43. 15.E.  Lat.\\.\Z.^. 

Comorin  Bay ,  a  bay  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Cochin-china.  Xo;;^.  109.E.  Z-^?/.  11.54.  N. 

Comorn,  qx  Comora,  a  town  of  Hungary, 
and  capital  of  a  county  to  which  it  gives 
name,  liruatcd  at  the  conflux  of  the  VVaag 
and  the  Danube,  ftrongly  fortified,  and  de- 
fended by  a  fortrefs.  It  is  chieily  inha- 
bited by  Hungarians,  or  Rafcians,  who  fol- 
low the  Greek  church.  In  the  year  1783, 
it  was  almoft  wholly  deftroyed  bv  an  earth- 
quake.   36m.SE.  Prefburg,  64  SE.  Vienna. 

Coivpach,  a  river  of  Carinthia,  which 
tuns  into  the  Moll,  near  Vallach. 

Company^ s  IJIand^  an  ifland  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  about  60  miles  in  length,  and 
30  to  45  in  breadth.  This  iOand  appears  to 
be'uninhabited,  and  the  fame  as  one  called 
Uriup  by  the  Ruifians.  Lojig.  151.  20.  E. 
Lat.  46.  N. 

Conipe,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Ludamar.     ij  miles  E.  Benowm. 

Coinpeyre,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aveiron,  on  the  Tarn.  3 
miles  N.  Milhaud. 

Covipianot  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Parma,  on  the  Taro.  iz  miles  from 
Pontremoli. 

Compiegvc,  a  town  of  France,  and  prin- 
cipal place  of  a  diftrift,  in  the  department 
of  the  Oife,  with  a  forefl  of  wood,  con- 
taining 27,000  acres,  of  which  ico  are  cut 
every  year;  the  principal  commerce  coniifls 
in  corn,  wine,  and  wood:  the  wine  is  much 
etteemed.  The  firft  organ  ever  feen  in 
France  was  given  to  this  church  by  King 
Pepin.  In  1429,  Compiegne  was  unfiicefs- 
fully  befieged  by  the  Englifh,  but  in  a  fally 
they  made  the  celebrated  Maid  of  Orleans 
prifoner.  She  was  tried  as  a  witch  at  Rouen ; 
the  ecclefiaftical  judges  at  firfl  only  con- 
demned her  as  a  heretic,  to  do  penance  du- 
ring her  life  ;  but  afterwards  delivered  her 
to  the  fecular  arm  to  be  burned.  28  miles 
E.Beauvais.  Long.  "2.  54.  E.  Lat.  49.  43._N. 

Comp2g}ianat  a  town  of  Etruria.  7  miles 
SW.  Lucca. 

Compoli,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Eavora. 
4  niiJes  E.  Sora. 

R  r  2 


CON 

Conipojla,  {La,)  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  Mont  Blanc,  o  miks 
ENE.  Chambery.  ^ 

CompoJiclLu  or  San  Jago  dt-  Covip-^Jltlla, 
a  city  ot  Spain,  and  capital  of  Galiciu, 
htuated  m  a  beautiful  plain,  on  all  fides  fur- 
rounded  with  agreeable  hills,  between  the  Sar 
and  Sarcla,  which  unite  about  half  a  league 
below.  It  is  the  ice  of  an  archbidiop.  In  the 
metropolitan  church  are  prcfcrved,  as  they 
believe,  the  remains  of  St.  James,  the  pa- 
tron of  Spain,  to  whom  the  church  is  dedi- 
cated, and  from  whom  the  town  is  named ; 
there  are  twelve  parifli  churches  within  the 
walls,  fourteen  religious  houfes,  and  four 
hofpitals.  The  anr,ual  revenue  of  the  arch- 
bifhop  is  faid  to  amount  to  60,000  ducats: 
an  univerfity  waseftablifhed  here  in  the  year 
1532.  The  order  of  St.  Jago  ukes  its  title 
from  this  city,  tiic  knights  of  wiiich  pofTcIs 
87  commanderics,  with  an  annual  income 
of  200,000  ducats.  In  1385,  the  city  was 
taken  by  John  of  Gaunt.  98  miles  W. 
Aflt^rga.  Long.  8.  30.  W.  Lat.  42.  52.N. 
CovipoJJella  Ninva,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
and  capital  of  the  province  of  Xalifco, 
built  by  Nunez  de  Guzman;  once  the  fee 
ofabifhop,  removed  to  Guadalajara.  300 
miles  WNW.  Mexico.  Long.  106.  11.  W. 
Lat.  21.  20.  N. 

Comprcignac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  die  Upper  Vienne.  10  miles 
N.  Ivimoges. 

Comps,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var.     10  miles  N.  Draguignan. 
Cov:pfcy,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bed- 
nore.     15  miles  NW.  Simogu. 

Coniptah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan.  54  m. 
WSW.  Allahabad. 

Conipton,  {Little,)  a  town  of  United  Ame- 
rica, in  Rhode  ifland,  called  by  the  Indians 
Seconnet.  The  inhabitants  are  employed 
in  agriculture  and  the  manufadure  of  linen. 
ID  miles  S.  Tiverton. 

Compton,  a  village  of  England,  in  War- 
wicklliire.  The  cliurch  was  deffrovcd  by 
the  parliament  army  under  Cromwell. 

Comrak,  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
NNW.   Ivloorfhedabad. 

Covirie,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Perdifhirc, 
on  the  Erne,  over  which  abridge  is  built. 
12  miles  W.  Perth. 

Conacon  Alfac,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Veroncie.     10  miles  N.  Verona. 

Conantana,  a  river  of  South-America,  in 
the  country  of  Surinam,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  5.  4.?'  ^^• 

Conanicut,  an  ifland  near  the  coafl  of 
America,  a  little  to  the  cafl  of  Rhode  ifland. 
Long.  72.  20.  W.    Lat.  41.  25.  N. 

Conunorc,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ma* 
rawar.     25  miles  NNW.  Ramaiiadpoi^im. 

Conara,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cicacole.    38  miles  SW.  Cicacoio. 


CON 

Conat9or,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     5  miles  SSE.  Gingee. 

Conca,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Corfica. 
12  miles  N.  Porto  Vecchio. 

Conca,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs  into 
the  Adriatic,  7  miles  SE.  Rimini. 

Conca,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  St.  Martha.  5  miles  E.  St. 
Martha. 

Concan,  a  country  of  Afia,  fituated  on 
the  weflern  coaft  of  the  peninfula  of  India, 
between  Bombay  and  Goa,  feparated  from 
the  reft  of  the  continent  by  a  ridge  of  moun- 
tains called  the  Gaiits :  it  was  anciently 
called  Lymirica,  and  once  formed  a  part  of 
the  kingdom  ofVliiapour.  When  the  Moguls 
feized  on  Hindooftan,  they  found  this  coaft 
infifted  with  pirates,  and  fitted  out  a  fleet 
to  protecl:  their  vefTels.  The  Mahrattas,  ir- 
ritated at  feeing  their  piracies  interrupted, 
armed  againft  the  Moguls,  ravaged  their 
pofTeflions,  and  fitted  out  a  fleet  to  proteft 
their  pirates.  Conagy  Angria,  who  by  his 
courage  had  arrived  to  the  fupreme  com- 
mand, was  named  governor  of  Severndroog, 
one  of  the  beft  fortrefleson  the  coaft;  where 
he  formed  an  independent  ftate,  and  in  a 
little  time  extended  his  dominions  for  the 
("pace  of  forty  leagues  along  the  coaft,  and 
hx  leagues  wide  towards  the  mountains. 
His  fucceffors  took  the  name  of  Angria,  and 
made  peace  with  the  Mahrattas  on  paying 
an  annual  tribute.  They  continued  to  make 
xlepredations  on  the  coaft,  and  leize  all  vef- 
iels  that  paffed  that  way  till  the  year  1756, 
■ivhen  their  fleet  was  deftroyed,  and  tlie 
ftrong  fort  of  Gheria,  where  the  chief  re- 
(ided,  was  taken  by  Admiral  Wadbn  and 
Colonel  Clive;  the  country  now  belongs  to 
the  Mahrattas.  The  principal  towns  are 
Choul,  Bancout,  Dabul,  Severndroog,  Ghe- 
ria, Tamana,  and  Sunderdoo. 

Concarneau,  a  feaport  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  Finifterrc.  10  miles 
SSE.  Quimper.  Lon-^.  3.  _;o.  W.  Lat.  47. 
J  a.   N. 

Concelgaon,  a.  town  of  Brafil,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Paral     45  miles  N.  Para. 

Conceii^aon,  a  town  of  Brafil.  50  miles 
S W.  Rio  Janeiro. 

Cojicdho  de  Anciaenu  a  town  of  Portu- 
gni,  in  the  province  of  Tra  los  Montes.  8 
jinles  WNW.  Mirandela. 

Concelho  de  Cajlanhsira,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  the  province  of  Tra  los  Montes. 
■78  miles  NW.  Terre  de  Moncorvo. 

Concelho  de  Jales,  a  tov/n  of  Portugal, 
in  the  province  of  Tra  los  Montes.  10 
miles  WSW.  Mirandela. 

Concellmia,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  Ba- 
(ilicata.     5  miles  S^  Acerenza. 

Concentayua,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the 
picvince  ot  Valencia.     35  miles  N.'Alicant. 

C'ynception,  a  river  of  America,  on  the 


CON 

ifthmus  of  Darien,  which  runs  into. the  Spa- 
nifli  main,  Long.  78.  15.  W.  Lat.  9.  4.N. 

Conception,  ( I^a)  a  city  and  feaport  of* 
Chili,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Southern  Paci- 
fic Ocean,  and  capital  of  a  jurifdiction; 
formerly  the  capital  of  Chili ;  containing 
about  7,000  inhabitants,  Spaniards  and  Mei- 
tices.  It  was  founded  in  1553,  by  Pierre 
Valdivia,  and  erefledinto  a  bi'hopric  under 
the  archbifliop  of  Lima.  The  bay  of  Con- 
ception is  one  of  the  moft  commodious 
harbours  to  be  found  in  any  part  of  the 
world.  The  water  is  fmooth,  and  there  is 
fcarcelyany  current,  although  the  tide  rifes 
fix  feet  three  inches,  tlie  flood  being  at  its 
height,  at  the  full  and  change  of  the  moon, 
at  45  minutes  after  one  o'clock.  The  bay  is 
flieltered  from  all  winds  but  the  noith,  which 
in  thefe  climates  only  blow  during  the  win- 
ter; that  is,  from  the  end  of  May  to  0(5to- 
ber,  which  is  alfo  the  rainy  feafon.  The 
weather  is  conftantly  wet  while  that  mon- 
foon  lafts;  for  the  name  of  monioons  may 
with  propriety  be  given  to  thofe  fteady 
gales,  that  are  followed  by  foutherly  winds, 
which  blow  all  the  reft  of  the  year,  and 
which  are  accompanied  by  the  moft  de- 
lightful weather.  The  only  anchorage  fliel- 
tered from  the  north-eaft  wind  that  prv;vails 
during  the  winter,  is  ofttlie  village  of  Talca- 
guana,  on  the  fouth-eaft  fliore;  which  is  now 
the  only  Spanifli  fettlement  in  the  bay,  the 
old  city  of  Conception  having  been  de- 
ftroyed by  an  earthquake  in  1751.  It  v/as 
fituated  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  Saint 
Peter,  to  the  caftward  of  Talcaguanj,  and 
its  ruins  are  ftill  to  be  feen.  After  the  de- 
ftru'flion  of  this  city,  which  was  rather 
fwallowed  up  by  the  fea,  than  overturned 
by  an  earthquake,  the  inhabitants  difperfed, 
and  encamped  upon  theneighbouring  heights. 
It  was  not  till  1763,  that  they  made  choice 
of  a  new  fite  at  three  leagues  d'llance  from 
Old  Conception,  and  the  villatf;  of  Talca- 
guana.  The  bifliopric,  the  cathedral,  and 
the  religious  houfes,  were  transferred  to  the 
new  city,  which  is  of  great  extent,  becaule 
the  houfes  are  built  only  one  ftory  high, 
that  they  may  be  the  better  able  to  refill  the 
earthquakes  that  happen  every  year.  The 
new  town  contains  about  10, coo  inhabitants- 
It  is  the  relidence  of  the  bifliop,  and  of  the 
major-general,  who  is  at  the  head  of  the 
military  department.  There  is  not  in  the 
univerle  a  foil  more  fertile  than  that  of  this 
part  of  Chili.  Corn  yields  fixty  for  one  ; 
the  vineyards  are  equally  productive  ;  and 
the  plains  are  covered  v/ith  innumerable 
flocks  which  multiply  beyond  conception, 
though  abandoned  entirely  to  -themlelves. 
All  the  inli;ibitants  have  to  do  is  to  fet  up 
fences  round  their  refpeftive  poflefiions, 
and. to  leave  the  oxen,  horfes,  mules,  and 
flieep,  in  the  enclofures.  Tjie  coraraon  price 


CON 

of  a  fat  ox  is  eight  dollars;  that  of  a'flicep, 
three  quarters  of  a  dollar;  but  there  are  no 
purchaiers,  and  the  natives  are  accuftomed 
every  year  to  kill  a  great  number  of  oxen, 
of  which  the  hides  and  tallow  are  alone 
preferved,  and  fent  to  Linva.  There  is  no 
particular  difeafe  incident  to  this  country. 
There  are  at  Conception  leveral  perfons 
who  have  completed  a  century.  Notwith- 
ftanding  fo  many  advantages,  this  colony  is 
veryfar  from  niakingthe  progrefstliat  might 
have  been  expctfled  from  a  lituation  fo  fa- 
vourable to  an  increafe  of  population  ;  but 
the  iiiiiuence  ~of  government  inceflantly 
counteracts  that  of  the  climate;  prohibitory 
regulations  exift  from  one  end  of  Chili  to 
the  other.  This  kingdom,  of  which  the  pro- 
dudions,  if  earned  to  their  highefl  pitch, 
would  feed  half  Europe;  of  which  the  wool 
would  I'uffice  f  jr  the  nianuf  iftures  of  France 
and  England;  and  of  which  the  c.;ttlc,  if 
faked  down,  would  produce  ^n  immenfe 
revenue;  this  kingdom  is  entirely  deftitute 
of  conimerce.  The  drefs  of  the  women 
confifts  of  a  plaited  petticoat  of  thofe  old- 
fafhioned  gold  and  filvet  ItufFs,  fornrcrly 
manufactured  at  Lyons.  Thefe  petticoats, 
which  are  veferved  for  gala  days,  may  like 
diamonds  be  entailed  in  a  family,  and 
defcendfrom  the  grindmotherto  the  grand- 
daughter. Such  dicffcs  are,  however,  con- 
fined to  a  fmall  number  of  female^-,  the  reft 
having  hardly  wherewithal  to  Li  .e  their 
nakednefs.  The  common  people  of  Con- 
ception are  much  add;6ted  to  thieving,  and 
the  wo:i;en  are  exceedingly  eafy  of  accefs. 
They  are  a  dec^nerate  and  mongrel  race, 
but  the  inhabitants  of  the  firft  clafs,  the 
true  bred  Spaniards,  are  polite  and  obliging 
in  the  exreme.     Lat.  T)$.  46.  S. 

Conception^  a  town  of  Paraguay.  20  m. 
SE.  Aflumption. 

Conception^  or  Conception  de  los  Painpas, 
a  town  of  South-America,  in  Paraguay,  on 
the  foutl)  fide  of  the  river  Plata.  Lo}ig.  57. 
II.  W.  Lat.  36.  30  .S. 

Conception,{La,)  a  feaport  town  of  Ame- 
rica, in  the  province  of  Veragua,  on  the 
Spaniih  main,  with  a  harbour  formed  by 
the  river  Veragua.  90  miles  W.  Panama. 
l,ong.  81.  28.  W.  Lat.  8.  52-  N. 

Conception,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Popayan,  on  the  Meta. 
25  miles  NE.  St.  Juan  de  los  Llanos. 

Conception,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in 
the  provmce  of  Cinaloa.  75  m.  NE.  C:naloa. 

Conception,  a  town  of  South-Ameiica,  in 
the  province  of  Chiqitos.  150  miles  ENE. 
Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra  la  Nueva, 

Conception,  fee  Aiumagan. 

Conception,  a  town  of  New  Mexico.  70 
miles  S.  Santa  Fe. 

Conception,  a  town  of  New  Navarre.  185 
miles  SSVV.  Caia,  Grande. 


CON 

Conccptlo?:,  a  town  of  New  Mexico.  45 
miles  E.  Sumas. 

Conception  Biiy,  a  bay  on  the  caft  corll 
of  Newtbundland.  In  1610,  a  fctticment 
was  formed  here  under  a  patent  of  James  I. 
granted  to  Mr.  John  Guy.  Long.  52.  40. 
W.  Lat.  47.  40  N. 

Conception  de  Saliva,  (La,)  a  town  of 
Mexico,  in  the  piovincc  of  Mechoacan. 

Conception  de  la  Fega,  {La,)  a  town  of 
Hifpaniola,  the  lee  of  a  bilhop ;  founded 
by  one  of  the  family  of  Columbus.  It  con- 
tains leveral  parifli  churches  and  convents. 

Conception  Point,  a  c.tpc  on  the  well 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Paraguay.  Long,  ii-j, 
■ii.E.  Lat.  8.21.N. 

Conceze,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Correzc.  28  m.  NU'.  Brive. 

Concha,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocele 
of  Cufco.     50  miles  S.Cullo. 

Concha,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Tucuman.  88  miles  N. 
St.  Miguel  de  Tucuman. 

ConLhachitoH,  a  town  of  Weft  Florida, 
on  the  Palcagoola.  Long.  88.  43.  W.  Lat. 
32.  15.  N. 

Conchanagur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.     22  miles  S.  Jflamabad. 

Conchas,  rocks  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the 
coaft  of  Africa,  a  little  to  the  north  of  the 
Ifland  of  St.  Thomas. 

Conchas,  a  river  of  Bralil,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic.     Lat.  5.  6.  S. 

Conches,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  the  Lov/er  Pyrenees.  18  miles 
NNE.  Pau. 

Conches,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  t.'.e  Eure.  In  the  year  11 39,  this 
town,  then  belonging  to  th^  Englilh  as  a 
part  of  Normandy,  was  taken  by  the  French. 
9  miles  SW.  Evereux.^ 

C!>;;r/v;,  a  town  of  Bengal,  zs  miles  S. 
Mauldah. 

Conchas,  fee  Ric  SalaJo. 

Concfjole,-a.to\\'n  of  Beag..l.  1 1  m.  E.  Burd- 
wan.     Long.  88.  10.  E.  x,  t.  23.  15.  X. 

Conchucos,  a  juriidiction  of  Peru,  :i:  tlje 
archbifhopric  of  Lima.  ^ 

Concleh,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Cyprus." 
6  miles  E.  Baffa. 

Concobella,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
country  of  Anziko,  and  refidencc  of  a  prince 
fubjed  to  the  Micocco.     Long  18.  39.  E. 

Lat.  2.  SS:  S.  •      ,       . 

Concolm,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dz- 
partmentor  the  Here.   13  m.  NE.  Grenoble. 

Concord,  a  town  of  United  Amciua,  in 
New-Hamplhirc,  on  the  Mcrnmjclc.  57 
miles  NNvV.Bofton,  184  NNE.  Ncw-Yoifc. 
Long.  71.  31.  W.  Lat.  43.  li.  N. 

C'j'icord,  a  town  of  United  /Vr.icrica.  in 
the  ftate  of  Maltachufetts.  Iiiformanuii  h  i- 
ving  been  brought  to  Boftun,  that  a  con;i- 
dcrablc  ^^uaniity  of  milit-iry  Itorcs  purclialoi 


CON 


CON 


by  the  agents  of  the  provincial  congrefs 
were  departed  at  Concord,  General  Gage, 
in  the  night  between  the  eighteenth  and 
nineteenth  of  April  1775,  detached  the 
grenadiers  and  light  infantry  of  his  army 
under  the  command  of  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Smith,  of  the  tenth  regiment  of  foot,  and 
Major  Pitcairne,  of  the  marines,  with  orders 
to  deftroy  thofe  floras :  and  the  following 
morning  another  detachment  confifling  of 
lixieen  companies  of  foot,  with  fome  ma- 
rines, was  ordered  to  march  under  the 
command  of  Earl  Percy  to  fuftain  the  firrt. 
They  advanced  only  a  few  miles,  when  it  was 
perceived  by  the  fire  of  guns  and  the  ringing 
of  bells  that  the  country  was  alarmed.  Upon 
this  difcovery,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Smith  de- 
tached lix  companies  of  light  infantry  to 
march  on  in  all  halfe,  and  fecure  two  bridges 
On  different  roads  leading  from  Concord,  and 
on  the  other  fide  of  it.  Thefe  companies 
reached  Lexington  about  five  in  the  morning; 
and  as  they  advanced,  law  a  body  of  men 
-.iflembled  under  arms  on  a  green  adjoining 
to  the  road ;  when  the  Britifli  troops  ordered 
them  to  difperfe,  and  they  retired  in  ibme 
confufion.  But  as  they  went  off,  fevcral 
guns  were  fired  upon  the  king's  troops 
from  behind  a  ftone  wall,  and  from  feme 
adjoining  houfes,  which  wounded  one  man, 
and  fhot  Major  Pitcairne's  horfe  in  two 
places.  The  Britilh  troops  now  returned 
the  fire,  by  which  fome  of  the  people  under 
arms  were  killed  and  others  wounded,  and 
the  reft  difperfed.  Upon  the  approach  of 
the  Britifh  troops  to  Concord,  another  body 
of  armed  men  or  militia  was  feen  affembled 
upon  a  hill  near  the  entrance  of  the  town, 
and  the  light  infantry  were  ordered  to  dif- 
perfe them,  whilfl:  the  grenadiers  marched 
on  by  the  direc'l  road  to  Concord.  As  the 
light  infantry  afcended  the  hill,  the  militia 
retreated  towards  Concord,  and  paffed  over 
one  of  the  bridges  on  the  other  fide  of  it, 
which  was  immediately  taken  pofTeflion  of 
by  the  light  infantry.  In  the  mean  time  the 
grenadiers  were  executing  the  purpofe  of 
the  expeditionj  by  deftroying  the  military 
ftorcs  found  at  Concord.  Whilfl  this  was 
doing,  the  miliiia  who  had  retreated  over 
the  bridge,  appeared  again  to  the  number 
of  three  or  four  hundred,  and  advancing 
up  to  it  as  if  they  meant  to  pafs,  were 
fired  upon  by  the  Biitiih  troops.  The  fire 
was  returned,  and  a  fnarp  aftion  enfued 
acrofs  the  rive?-,  in  which  feveral  on  both 
fides  were  killed  and  wounded.  But  the 
purpofe  of  the  expedition  being  now  ac- 
compliflied,  the  light  infantry  pofted  at 
the  bridge  received  orders  to  retire,  and 
the  whole  detachment  began  their  m^rch 
hack  to  Boflon.  17  miles  WNW.  Bollon. 
Long.  71.  19.  W.  Lat.  42.  20.  N. 
Conar.!,  a  river  of  United  America,  in 


MalTachufetts,  which  runs  into  the  Merrit 
mack,  9  miles  SW.  Andover. 

Concordia,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Panaro,  late  dutchy  of  Miran- 
dola,  on  the  Sechia.  In  1704,  this  town 
was  taken  from  the  Imperialifls  by  the 
French  and  Spaniards.  5  m.  W.  Mirandola. 

Concordia.,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli;  it 
is  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  though  the  town  is  iq 
ruins,  having  been  laid  waile  by  the  foldiers 
of  Attila,  and  never  recovered.  The  bifliop 
refides  at  Porto  Gruaro,  not  far  from  it.  24 
miles  SSW.  Udina.  30  E.Trevigio.  Long. 
12.  50.  E,  Lat.  AS'  45-  N.  _ 

Concordia,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Timor, 
and  relidence  of  a  Dutch  governor. 

Concoures,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aveiron.  7  m.NNE.Rhodez. 

Concofs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
msnt  of  the  Lot.     9  miles  ESE.  Cahois.     - 

Concrejj'au.t,  or  Concorfaut,  a  town  of 
France,  m  the  department  of  the  Cher,  oa 
the  Saudre,  ahnoll  ruined  by  the  civil  wars. 
35  miles  N.  Bourges. 

Concul,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  cir- 
car  of  Sehaurunpour.     7  m.  S.  Hurdwar. 

Condala,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Tel- 
lingana.     9  miles  S.  Byarem. 

Condalavery,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Dowlatabad.    20  miles  E.  Koudur._ 

Condally,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Berar. 
27  m.  W.  Nagpour. 

Condam,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  15.  18.  S. 

Condanore,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
country  of  Golconda.  24  miles  E.  Adoni, 
120  SSW.  Hydrabad.  Long,  77.  43-  £• 
Lat.  15.  35.  N. 

Condapilly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  and 
capital  of  a  circar  of  the  fame  name,  iituated 
near  the  bay  of  Bengal.  80  miles  ESE.  Ra- 
jamundry,  108  SE.  Hydrabad..  Long.  80. 
30.  E.  Lat.  16.  37.  N. 

Condapilly,  a  circarof  Hindooftan,  bound- 
ed on  the  north-eaft  by  the  circar  of  Ellore, 
on  the  fbuth-eall  by  the  bay  of  Bengal,  on 
the  fouth-weft  by  the  river  Kiftnah,  which 
divides  it  from  Guntoor,  and  on  the  north- 
weft  by  the  country  of  Golconda.  60  miles 
long,  25  broad.     Condapilly  is  the  capital. 

Condapour,  a  tov.m  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gol- 
conda.    17  miles  S.  Hydrabad. 

Condaramarla-,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.     15  miles  N.  Gumipollam. 

Condat,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Puy  de  Dome.  22  miles  SE. 
Clermont. 

Condat-en-Ferrieres,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Cantal.  10  miles 
N.  Murat.  _  k 

Condavir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the      \ 
circar  of  Guntoor,  Iituated  on  a  mountain. 
26  miles  W.  Guntoor,   25  SW.  Condapilly. 
Lo?ig.  80. 19.  E.  Lat.  16.  22.  N. 


CON 

Cofjdc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  dcpnrt- 
ment  of  the  north,  fituatcd  at  the  conflux  of 
the  Haifne  and  the  Scheldt.  In  1675,  ^^"■'^ 
French  took  it  by  afiiiult.  In  i6<j6,  they 
tookit again;  and  ,it  the  p^-ace  cf  Nimeguen, 
it  was  left  in  their  pofleirion.  This  town 
was  inveiled  by  a  large  body  of  the  alhed 
army  in  the  month  of  April  179^;,  and  the 
Avorks  completed  on  the  37th.  The  town, 
though  flrong,  was  not  furniihed  with  pro- 
vifions  i'uihcient  for  a  fiege  :  the  governor 
(General  Chancel)  therefore,  about  this  pe- 
riod, ordered  the  women  and  ( hildren  to 
quit  the  place;  but  the  Prince  of  Wurtem- 
berg  compelled  them  again  to  take  refuge  in 
the  fortrels.  In  a  few  days  after  this  unllic- 
cefsful  attempt,  the  governor  fcnt  thcni  out 
a  fecond  time;  but  the  Auttrians,  after  kil- 
ling many  of  thefe  defencelels  creatures, 
«ven  in  the  acft  of  fupplicating  for  mercy, 
forced  the  governor,  from  motives  of  huma- 
nity, once  more  to  receive  them.  Fiom  this 
period  the  garrifon  appear  to  have  exiiled 
in  a  ftate  of  extreme  diltrefs.  On  the  loth 
of  July,  the  garrifon,  after  enduring  all  the 
rigours  of  famine,  were  obliged  to  lurrender 
as  prifoners  of  war;  they  had  originally 
amounted  to  4000  men,  but  at  the  time  of 
the  capture  were  reduced  to  1500  lit  for 
fervice.  It  was  retaken  in  the  month  of 
Odober  1794,  and  byadecreeofthe  French 
national  alTembly,  it  was  ordered  tliat  from 
henceforth  the  town  iaould  be  called  Nord 
Libre.  6  miles  NNE.  Valenciennes,  13  W. 
Mons.     Long.  3.  39.  E.  Lat.  50.  27.  N. 

Condi',  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
mentoftheAilne.  7  m.SE.  Chateau-Thierry. 

Co7ide,  a.  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country  of 
tJie  Foulis,  on  the  Senegal.  30  m.  S.  Goumel. 

Condc,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  4.  52.  N. 

Cojidefur  Noireau,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Calvados.  The  in- 
habitants carry  on  a  conliderable  trade  in 
cloth,  leather,  and  cutlery ;  the  number  about 
3500.     17  miles  W.  Falaife,  12  E.  Vire. 

Condcjur  I  ton,  or  Conde  VEv^qiie,  a  town 
of  France,  in  the  department  of  the  Eure. 
J  2  miles  SW.  Evreux. 

Condc  ^loja,  or  Upper  ^loja,  a  country 
of  Africa,  iituatedto  tiie  north-eaftof  Quoja. 

Condeau,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Orne.     10  miles  E.  fiellelme. 

Condd,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Soonda. 
24  miles  SE.  Goa. 

Condcligourkl,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Mylbre.     10  miles  E.  Chinna  Balabaram. 

Condcvnmdago,  a  town  of  Ilindoollan,  in 
Golconda.     21  miles  S.  Canoul. 

Condeon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Charente.     25  miles  SE.  Saintes. 

Condcr,  a  river  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Lancalter,  v/hich  runs  into  the  Irilli  fca, 
J  niiJes  S.  Lancaller. 


CON 

Conderillt,  fee  Madeira  River. 

Condcrputty,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Mylbre.     16  m.  N.  Sirpy. 

Condefiiycs  d' Arcquipa,  a  town  of  Peru, 
and  capital  of  a  juMloi»ition ;  where  is  ga- 
thered a  fpccies  of  wild  eochiacal,  which 
forms  the  principal  article  of  the  trade  of 
the  province.  70  miles  N\V.  Arequipu. 
Long.  73.  10.  W.  Lat.  16.  12.  S. 

Londdta,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Straits  of  C;ilais.  4  miles  S. 
Boulogne. 

Coiidiolax,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Savolax.     60  miles  NNE.Ny/lot. 

Cond'Jory,  a  town  of  Hindooltan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     30  miles  SE.  Tooliapour. 

Condom,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diltriilt,  in  the  department  of  the 
Gers;  before  the  revi»luiion,  the  lee  of  a 
bilhop,  fulFragan  of  Bouid-tauxi  the' num- 
ber of  inhabitants  is  about  5000,  but  ii  is  nei- 
ther ricii  nor  commercial.  21  miles  NNW. 
Auch,  18  SSW.  Agen.  Long.  o.  26. E.  Lat, 
43.5B.N.  _ 

Coudo?nois,  before  the  revolution,  a  coun- 
try of  France,  of  which  Condom  was  the 
capital. 

Condor  de  Apacheta,  a  town  of  Peru,  in 
the  diocefe  of  La  Paz.   80  miles  N.  Poiofi. 

Condon',  or  Pulo  Condorc,  an  illand  in  the 
EalTrern  Indian  lea,  60  miles  from  Cochin- 
china.  Pulo  Condore  is  high  and  moun- 
tainous, and  furrounded  by  leveral  fmaJlef 
Lllands,  lome  of  which  are  leis  than  one,  and 
others  two  miles  diltant.  It  takes  its  name 
from  two  MaLiy  words,  Pulo,  an  illand,  and 
Condorc,  a  calabaih;  of  which  it  produces 
great  quantities.  It  is  of  the  form  of  a  crei- 
ccnt,  extending  near  eight  miles  from  the 
Ibuthernmoit  point  in  a  north-ealt  dire>ition  ; 
but  its  breadth  no  where  exceeds  t\s  o  miles. 
From  the  weiternmoll:  extremity,  the  land 
trends  to  the  Ibulh-eall  tor  about  tourmiles; 
and  oppoiite  to  this  part  of  the  coalt  there 
is  an  illand  called  Little  Condorc,  which 
runs  two  miles  in  the  f.mie  direction.  This 
polition  of  the  two  illands  affords  a  fafe  and 
commodious^  harbour,  the  enirai.ce  into 
which  is  from  the  north-wefl".  Thcdillancc 
between  the  two  oppoiite  coalls  is  three^ 
quarters  of  a  mile,  cxclulive  of  a  border_  of 
coral  rock  which  runs  down  along  each  fide 
extending  about  one  hundred  yards  troin 
the  fliorc.  The  anchorage  is  \xry  j^ood, 
from  eleven  to  five  fiiihoms  water,  but  the 
bottom  is  lo  loft  and  clayed,  that  great  dif- 
ficulty ariles  m  weighing  anchor  ;  towards 
the  bottom  of  the  harbour  there  is  Ihallow 
water  for  about  half  a  mile,  beyond  which 
the  two  iOands  approach  lb  near  each  oilier, 
as  to  leave  only  a  pall'.ige  at  high  w.iter  for 
boats.  The  molt  convenient  place  for  water- 
ing is  at  a  beach  on  ilie  ealferu  lide,  where 
theic  li  a  Ihiah  Itreum  which  wiii  turmlU  14 


CON 

ori;  tons  of  water  a  day.  BuiFaloes  and 
hogs  are  to  be  had  here.  Among  its  pro- 
ductions of  the  vegetable  kind  are  rice, 
melons,  cocoa-nuts,  plantains,  potatoes,  &c. 
Captain  King  among  others  obferved  what 
Dampier  calls  the  tar-tree;  but  none  that 
were  tapped  in  the  manner  he  defcribes. — 
The  inhabitants  who  are  fugitives  from  Cam- 
bodia and  Cochin-china,  are  not  numerous; 
they  are  of  a  fliort  ftature,  and  very  fwarthy, 
and  of  a  v/eak  and  unhealthy  alpeift ;  but 
apparently  of  a  gentle  difpofition.  The 
Englifli  Eaft-India  Company  were  induced 
to  form  a  fetdement  here  in  the  yeariyoa  ; 
but  a  quarrel  happening,  moftof  the  factory 
were  murdered  by  the  Cochin-chinefe,  and 
the  reft  expelled  in  the  year  1705.  Long. 
106.  15.  E.  Lat.  0.  40.  N. 

Condorilla,  a  town  of  Peru.  25  miles^ 
N.  La  Plata. 

Crjiidoroma,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  bidiop- 
ric  of  Arequipa.     60  miles  SE.  Arcquipa. 
'     Condour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     4  miles  N.  Tanjore. 

Condour,  a  town  of  Hindoaflan,  in  My- 
fore.     15  miles  S.  Gooty. 

Condop'^iX)ah,  a  town  of  Birmah,  on  the 
Irawaddy.     25  miles  SW.  Ava. 

Condoyo-wah,  a  town  of  Birmah,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Irawaddy.     30  m.  W.  Ava. 

Coudoz,  a  tov/n  of  Grand  Bukharia.  60 
miles  NW.  Anderab.  Long.  67.  22.  E. 
Lat.  36.  50.  N.  •    _ 

Condrapatfv,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  circar  of  Rajamundy.  18  miles  SE. 
Rajamundy, 

Condrieiix,  a  town  of  France,  lituated  on 
the  Rhone;  celebrated  for  its  wine,  pro- 
duced from  vines  originally  brought  from 
Dalmatia  by  the  emperor  Probus.  It  con- 
tains about  3000  inhabitants.  18  miles  be- 
low Lyons. 

Cor.droz,  a  country  of  Germany,  in  the 
biPaopric  of  Liege,  extending  from  Liege  to 
Dinant,  and  now  a  part  of  France.  Hay 
was  the  capital. 

Condumeni,  atown  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
ofNalus.    Z.w;^'-.  13.21.  W.  La*.  lo.z.l"^. 

CoJidycura,  a  town  of  Bengal.  54  miles 
l^E.  Pucculoe. 

Coiiecocheoigue,  a  river  which  rifes  in 
Pjnnl'ylvania,  and  runs  into  the  Potomack 
in  Maryland,  8  miles  SW.  Hagarlfown. 

Cj}nedog^v'.)iat  Creek,  a  river  of  Pennlyl- 
vania,  which  runs  into  the  Sufquchanna, 
Long.  76.  56.  W.  Lat.  40.  1  7.  N. 

Concjera,  afmall  iflandin  the  Mediterra- 
nean, north 'of  Cabrara.  Long.  2.  24.  E. 
Lat.  39.  I  I.N, 

Coneviivigl',  a  town  of  Pennfylvania.  15 
niiles  E.  Fort'Ligonier. 

Co/iersreit,  a  tov/n  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Upper  Palatinate.    34  miles  NNE.  Aniberg. 

Concrsrcit,  {iJnlcr,)  a  town  of  O'cruiuny, 


CON 

in   the  principality  of  Bayreuth.    4  miles 
NW.  Bayreuth. 

Conejlago  Creek,  a  river  of  Pennfylvania, 
which  runs  into  the  Sufquehanna,  Lotig. 
76.  24.  W.  Lat.  39.56.  N. 

.  Conewago  Creek,  a  river  of  Pennfylvania, 
which  runs  into  the  Sufquehanna,  Long.  76. 
45-  W.  Lat.  40.  6.  N. 

Co/tenijango  Creek,  a  riverof  Pennfylvania, 
which  runs  into  the  Sufquehanna,  Long.  76. 
15.  W.  Lat.  2,9.  Ai.l^. 

Confida,  fee  Gkunfade. 

Conftans,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Mont  Blanc,  near  the  conflux  of  the 
Here  and  the  Doron.     j8  ni.  E.  Chambery. 

C'^/////?;?/,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Saone.  12  miks  N. 
Vcfoul,    7  W.  Luxeuil. 

Conjlans,  or  Confunrt,  before  the  revolu- 
tion, a  valley  of  France,  in  Rouffillon,  fur- 
rounded  by  the  Pyrenees,  and  watered  by 
the  river  Tet.  Villefranche  fur  le  Tet  was 
the  ca]3ital. 

Conjlans,  St.  Honor Ine,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Seine  and  Oife.  15 
miles  SW.  Paris. 

Confolent,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diilridl,  in  the  department  of  the 
Charente,  on  the  Vieune.  36  miles  SSW. 
Poitiers,  31  NE.  Angoulefme.  Long.  o.  45. 
E.  Lat.  46.  2.  N. 

Confortino,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Po.     4  miles  N.  Ferrara. 

Cong,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third  rank 
in  Honan.     \$  miles  S.  Hoai-king. 

Cong,  a  town  of  China,  of  tiie  third  rank, 
in  Se-tchuen.     25  milts  S.  Soui-tcheou. 

Cong,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Mayo,  formerly  a  town  of  note,  and  rc- 
fidence  of  the  kings  of  Connaught.  The 
ruins  of  leveral  churches  and  religious  houfes 
are  yetviiible.     16  miles  W.  Tuam. 

C?5/7jd',  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.     100  miles  N\\^.  Ifpahan. 

Congallo,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe 
ofGuamanga.     18  miles  E.  Guamanga. 

Congapaukoo,  a  town  of  Hindoolfan,  in 
Tellingana.     10  miles  SE.  Warangole. 

Congar,  atown  ofHmdocffan,  in  Dow- 
latabad.     25  miles  SSE.  Renapour. 

Congayevipaleani,  a  tow  n  of  Hindooflar^, 
in  Coimbetore.     25  miles  W.  Caroor. 

Congcoal,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Condapilly.  20  miles  Mafulipatam. 

Coiiglcton,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Chelf  er,  lituated  on  the  river  Dane, 
with  conliderable  (ilk.  and  cotton  manufac- 
tures. In  1 801,  the  population  was  3861  ; 
and  of  thcfe  2210  were  employed  in  trade 
and  manufiiftures.  It  has  a  weekly  market 
on  Saturdays.  lom.SW.Macclcsiicld,  194 
N  W. London.  Zwjj.  3. 22.  W./.i^/.  53. 1 3.  N. 

Cong-nioii-ing,  a  town  of  China,  in  Se- 
tchuen.    42  miles  NW.  lioei-li. 


CON 

Congo,  or  Kor.go,  a  kingdom  of  Africa, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  kingdoms  of 
Loango  and  Anziko,  on  the  eaft  by  Metam-, 
bo,  and  on  the  fouthby  Angola,  The  cli- 
nute  is  hot  in  funimer,  the  winters  are  miid 
as  the  lineft  fprings  of  Italy.  Snow  never 
fallsi  unlefs  upon  the  higheft  mountains  ; 
ice  is  unknown;  their -days  and  nights  are 
itlmoft  always  equal.  In  the  winter  liie  rain 
fometimes  falls  very  l)e<Tvy,  'io  as  to  inundate 
the  country.  The  foil  is  good,  and  gene- 
fcilly  produces  two  crops  in  a  yenr.  The 
men  are  averfe  from  labour,  which  they 
commit  to  their  Haves,  or  from  want  of  fiich, 
to  their  wives,  who  cultivate  the  ground, 
'iox-j,  dig,  and  reap.  The  principal  corn 
uied  by  them  is  maize,  they  have  like  wife 
peas  and  beans  of  dili'erent  kinds.  Of  fruit 
trees  they  have  fcarce  any  but  wiiat  we*  ^  in- 
troduced by  the  Portuguefe.  Among  the 
trees  are  the  aliconda,  of  fuch  a  moniiroue 
bulk  that  ten  men  cannot  fathom  it;  the 
bark  of  this  tree  macerated  yields  a  coarfe 
thread,  of  which  they  make  ropes;  the  Paell 
or  rind  of  the  fruit,  which  is  like  a  gourd, 
being  cleared  of  its  pulp,  ferves  for  vefTeis 
for  various  ufes  ;  the  infanda  tree,  the  bark 
of  which  being  beaten  and  macerated  makes 
a  thread  finer  than  the  aliconda  ;  the  mang- 
lofs,  a  tree  whofe  branches  bend  down- 
wards, and  taking  root,  form  new  trees,  fo 
that  one  (ingle  treemav  make  a  wholcforcfl. 
Therearefeveralkindof  palms,  themoft com- 
mon of  which  is  that  whofe  fruit  contains  a 
great  many  kernels,  of  an  exquifite  taite 
when  full  ripe,  which,  when  prefi'ed,  pro- 
duces oil,  uled  inllead  of  butter  ;  they  drav/ 
from  thefe  trees,  by  inciiion,  a  vinous  liquor, 
which  turns  four  in  five  or  iix  days.  Vines 
brought  here  from  Canclia,  where  they  have 
been  well  cultivated,  yield  excellent  grapes 
twice  a  year.  Among  the  aromatic  plants 
are  the  dondo,  a  ihrub  which  ferves  for  cin- 
namon, and  the  inquoffo,  a  kind  of  creeping 
vine,  which  bears  feeds  like  pepper.  Lil;es, 
tulips,  tuberofes,  hyacinths,  S:c.  are  exqui- 
fiiely  beautiful,  and  grow  naturally  in  the 
fields,  vallies,  and  woods.  The  grafs  in  the 
low  lands  grov/s  io  high,  thick,  and  rank, 
that  it  becomes  a  dangeroui  receptacle  to  wild 
bealls  and  reptiles.  Among  the  animals  are 
elephants  of  a  monurous  fize,  lions,  leopards, 
tvgers,  wolves,  zebras,  buff;does,  ixc.  The 
dante  is  an  animal  which  feems  peculiar  to 
this  country;  it  is  fliaped  and  coiuurt^d  much 
like  an  ox,  though  not  fo  hirge;  its  horns 
are  like  thole  of  a  he-goat,  but  very  I'mooth 
and  fiiining,  and  of  a  blackiih  hue,  of  which 
the  natives  make  great  variety  of  _  pretty 
baubles  :  the  flvin  of  this  creature  is  com- 
monly bought  by  the  Pcrtujujic,  and  fent 
into  Germany,  to  be  tanned  and  made  into 
targets,  which  are  then  called  dantes :  the 
natives  ufe  the  raw  hides  dried  to  make 


CON 

their  fliields,  which  are  fb  tough,  tlrit  no 
arrow  or  dart  can  go  through"  tliem,  and 
large  enuugh  to  cover  the  whule  body.  The 
creature  wi)iv.h  they  call  inipanga-jz:i,  h.ith 
two  horns  growing  out  of  the  forehead,  aad 
in  other  jcfpeds  is  not  unlike  the  burulo.- 
The  nftjifi  is  of  the  bigrieis  of  a  cat,  of  an 
alh  colour,  and  hath  twofmail  liorns  on  iti 
head.  It  is,  perli.ips,  the  m;)fl  fearful  crea- 
ture that  lives;  ever  in  motion,  and  llarting 
at  the  leafl  noife  or  bieatli  of  air;  even  whca 
it  is  drinking,  it  fw.illjws  one  fingle  gulp, 
and  runs  away  as  if  purfued,  and  returns 
with  the  like  fear,  till  it  hath  fatiatcd  its 
thirft;  it  doth  the  fanie  when  browzing  on 
the  grafs  at  every  bite  it  takes  in  its  mouth. 
Its  Befh  has  an  e\(iui(ite  taffc,  and  the  na- 
tives prefer  its  fkin  to  that  of  any  othqr 
creature  to  make  firings  for  their  bows. 
The  nfima,  or  civet  cat,  is  die  true  creature 
from  which  that  odoriferous  drug  is  taken, 
and,  when  genuine,  valued  at  the  rate  of 
gold  dull.  The  hunting  of  it  is  dangerous, 
by  realbn  of  its  llrength  and  nim'.iicnefs,  and 
its  dreadful  biting  when  it  is  caught.  The 
fura  is  a  kind  of  land  r.it,  which  burrows 
under  ground  like  nioles.  The  fieili  is  fo 
exquifite,  that  a  fead  among  the  grandees 
would  be  looked  upon  deiedtive  without  it. 
The  forells  alfo  abound  with  wild  dogs, 
which,  like  the  wolves,  prey  upon  the  lame 
cattle,  and  are  {ii  fierce,  ti)at  they  will  fly 
upon  armed  men,  and  attack  wliole  droves 
of  cows,  goats,  or  fiveep.  Their  teeth  are 
exceeding  keen  and  fnarp  ;  they  never  bark, 
but  make  a  dreadful  hov/ling  when  hungry, 
or  in  purfuit  of  their  prey.  Anotiicr  lin- 
gular quadruped,  which  never  fets  its  feet 
upon  the  ground  but  it  dies  foon  after,  keeps 
itlelf  eonitantly  upon  the  trees :  it  is  called 
entiengia,  and  is  very  fhiall,  and  its  fl<in  fo 
beaut'.Kiiiy  fpottcd,  that  none  but  tlie  kings 
of  Congo,  the  princes  of  the  blood,  and 
fuch  nobles  as  obtain  the  privilege  from  him, 
have  the  liberty  of  wearing  it:  and  even 
the  kings  of  Loango,  Cocongo,  and  Gcv, 
receive  that  extraordinary  fur  as  a  conlider- 
able  prefent,  and  a  particular  favour. 
Oftrichcs  are  of  furpriilag  mugnitudtf  and 
beauty,  and  in  great  plenty;  thtir  feathers 
niixed  with  thole  of  the.  peacocks,  which  are 
here  no  lefs  nuni.'rous  and  be.tutiful,  are 
ufed  inflcad  of  enligns  and  ftandards,  and 
made  into  umbi'cllas.  There  are  a  great 
variety  of  parrots,  but  the  moil  cfleemed 
birds  of  a!l  are  thole  which  they  llyle,  by 
way  of  excellence,  ri.j  birds  of  muiic  : 
they  are  Ibmev.^hat  bigger  than  Car.aiy 
biras,  their  bills  \x^\.,  their  feathers  of  the 
iame  colour;  Ibme  of  ihcm,  however,  are 
green,  or  mixed,  and  only  their  bills  and 
feet  black;  others  are  grey,  others  dun,  and 
fome  ail  white,  or  all  black  ;  whicli  l.dl  Ibrt 
is  the  moll  admiivd  for  ihc  lwcctod:>  of  its 


CON 


CON 


note,  but  much  more  fo  for  fome  articulate 
founds  they  give,  which  would  incline  one 
to  believe  that  they  fpeak  as  wellfing.  The 
£rii  kind  is  in  this,  as  in  other  maritime  coun- 
tries, in  great  plenty  and  variety,  both  from 
the  fea,  and  from  the  multitude  of  rivers. 
The  pico  marina,  fo  called  from  the  refem- 
blance  of  its  mouth  to  the  beak  of  a  wood- 
pecker, is  a  fea  fifh  of  a  large  fize,  and  pro- 
digious ftrength.  It  hath  four  fins  on  its 
back,  three  under  its  belly,  and  one  on  each 
(ide  of  its  head  ;  its  tail  is  large  and  forked, 
by  which  it  cuts  the  waves  with  furprifing 
force  and  velocity ;  it  is  at  war  with  every 
fifli  that  fwims,  and  with  every  thing  it 
meets  in  its  way,  without  being  intunidated 
by  the  largeft  veilels.  The  corvo  marino, 
or  fea  raven,  is  about  fix  feet  long,  and  big 
in  proportion.  This  country  is  infefted 
with  a  vafh  variety  of  I'erpents,  fome  of  them 
of  a  monftrous  length  and  thicknefs;  rattle- 
fnakes,  vipers,  and  other  venomous  reptiles, 
whofe  bite  is  immediate  death,  if  fome  pow- 
erful antidote  be  not  I'peedily  applied.  Scor- 
pions, and  other  venomous  infeds,  both 
flying  and  reptile,  are  here  likewife  in  great 
variety.  The  moft  pernicious  and  dange- 
rous kind  is  the  ant,  or  pifmire,  of  which 
they  reckon  nolefs  than  fix  different  fpecies, 
of  different  colours  and  fizes,  and  all  of  the'm 
formidable,  both  on  account  of  their  prodi- 
gious number,  and  the  mifchief  they  do, 
rot  only  to  the  fruits  of  the  earth,  but  even 
to  men  and  bealfsjwhom  they  willfurround 
in  the  night  in  fuch  fwarms,  that  they  will 
eat  them  to  the  very  bone.  Some  of  them 
infeli  I  he  houfes  in  fuch  numbers  as  to  un- 
dermine the  very  foundations,  and  plague 
all  kinds  of  inmates,  almoft,  and  fbmetimes 
quite,  to  deatli.  Others  lav  fo  thick  upon 
the  paths  and  highways,  that  one  cannot 
move  a  ftep  v/ithout  treading  upon  them, 
and  having  one's  legs  and  thighs  almoil  de- 
voured by  them.  A  third  Ibrt,  of  a  white 
and  red  colour,  though  very  fmall,  will 
gnaw  their  way  through  the  hardcft  wood, 
peneuute  into  a  flrong  chelt,  and,  in  a  little 
while,  devour  all  the  cloths,  linen,  and 
every  thing  that  is  in  it,  except  metals  and 
ftones.  A  fourth  foft,  fmall  and  bhck, 
leave  a  moft  intolerable  flench  upon  every 
thing  they  touch,  whether  clothes  or  houfe- 
hold  Kuils,  which  are  not  eafily  fweetened 
again.  A  fifth  fort  hai  hours  chiefiy  upon 
the  leaves  and  branches  of  trees  ;  and  if  a 
man  chance  to  climb  up  to  fave  himfelf  from 
a  wild  beaff,  he  i;  fo  tormented  by  them, 
that  nothing  but  the  dread  of  the  jaws  of  the 
one  could  m;ike  him  undergo  the  flings  of 
the  other.  The  fixth  and  laft  fort  is  of  the 
fj  v:ng  kind,  which  live  wholly  underground, 
till  <Hge  furnifli  them  wiih  wings  to  iiy  ;  and 
then  they  rife  in  fiich  fwarms  as  to  darken 
the    air  in   the  iiime    manner  as  loculls. 


Amidft  a  great  yariety  of  thefe  pernicious 
flying  infects,  they  have  one  fpecies,  of  a 
n;ore  friendly  and  profitable  kind,  viz.  the 
indulfrious  bee,  which  furnilhes  the  inhabi- 
tants with  excellent  honey  and  wax  in  fuch 
prodigious  plenty,  that  there  is  fcarcely  a 
hollow  tree,  cliff  of  a  rock,  or  cleft  of  the 
earth,  in  which  they  do  not  find  great  quan- 
tities of  their  combs.  The  hiflory  of  Congo, 
before  the  arrival  of  the  Portuguefe,  is  only 
a  confufed  mafs  of  vague  tradition.  As  the 
natives  were  unacquainted  with  the  art  of 
writing,  they  have  preferved  few  fads,  and 
flill  fewer  dates.  They  fpeak  of  a  monarch 
named  Luqueni,  who  united  a  number  of 
fmall  ffates,  and  formed  of  them  the  vaft 
empire  of  Congo.  This  empire  was  in  a 
flate  of  great  decline  on  the  arrival  of  the 
Portuguefe  in  1484,  under  the  command  of 
Soufa.  The  facility  with  which  they  induced 
the  reigning  prince  to  embrace  Chrillianity 
is  wonderful ;  it  was  by  a  few  letters  of  ex- 
hortation from  the  King  of  Portugal,  and 
of  a  voyage  of  an  uncle  of  the  King  of  Congo, 
who  was  mfbuded  and  converted  at  Lifbon: 
on  his  return  he  catechifed  his  nephew  with 
the  afiiftance  of  a  few  miffionaries,  who  had 
been  fent  to  accompany  him.  The  Mani 
Congo  caufed  himfelf  to  be  baptifed,  and'^ 
affuraed  the  name  of  John,  while  his  queen 
took  that  of  Eleonora,  in  honour  of  the 
king  and  queen  of  Portugal.  Their  exam- 
ple was  followed  by  their  whole  court,  and 
as  is  generally  the  cafe,  the  people  imitated 
the  court.  Copgo  is  divided  into  feveral 
provinces.  St.  Salvadore,  or  Banza,  is  the 
capital.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Zaire, 
Dando,Coanza,Vambra,  andBarbela.  Long^ 
14.  to  21.  E.  /v^/.  3.  to  8.30.  S. 

Congo,  a  river  of  America,  which  rifes  in 
the  iflhmus  of  Panama,  and  runs  into  the 
bay  of  Panama. 

Congo,  fee  Kunk. 

Congo  Batta,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Congo.     Ijat.  5.  10.  S. 

Congo  Lima,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Japan,  in 
thefbait  between  Niphon  and  Xicoco, 

Congovia,  a  river  of  Peru,  which  runs  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  Lat.  o.  35.  S. 

Congou,  or  Konkun,  a  feaport  of  Perfia, 
in  the  province  of  Farfiftan,  on  the  louth 
fide  of  a  large  river  which  runs  into  the  Per- 
fian  gulf.  Ir  is  a  place  of  fome  trade,  and  a 
market  for  pearls  brought  from  the  Bah- 
rein iflands,  and  holies  for  exportation  to 
India,  no  miles  S.  Schiras.  Long,  52.  5. 
E.  Lat. 2-].  52.  N. 

Congong,  a  town  of  Meckley.  60  miles 
W.  Munnypour. 

Congondy,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  My- 
fore.     5  miles  ESE.Boodicotta. 

Congoukiiz,  a  town  of  Bralil,  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Minas  Geracs.  27  miles  W. 
Villa  Rica. 


CON 

Cofigoralhik,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia. 
36  miJes  NE.  Badafiikan. 

Co/!goj-lan,  a  town  ot  Perfia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Irak.     75  m.  NNE.  Ham;idan. 

Congrehoi,  a  I'mall  ifland  in  the  bay  of 
Honduras,  near  the  coaft  of  Mexico.  Long. 
88.  32.  W.  Lat.\%.  18.  N. 

Congrch-o,  a  river  of  Honduras,  wliich 
runs  into  the  bay,  Lo>7g.  87.  30.  W.  Lnt. 
15.  40.  N. 

Congrier  en  Pottaticc,  a  town  of  Fi^ance, 
in  the  departmcntof  the  Mayenne.  20  m. 
SW.  Laval. 

Cong-tchin,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Quang-ii.     20  miles  NE.  Ping-Jo. 

Cong-icbotiba,  a  town  of  Thibet.  45  miles 
S.  Tchontoii. 

Cc7igitntla,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore.     20  miles  E.  Balhary. 

Con'i,  a  town  of  France,  and  capital  of  the 
depaitment  of  the  Stura,  on  that  river,  firlt 
founded  in  1520,  during  the  pontiiicate  of 
Califtus  II.  The  origin  of  the  town  is  faid 
to  be  this:  the  inliabitants  of  fome  villages 
had  been  forely  opprclfed  by  their  lords, 
who,  among  other  enoimities,  pretended 
a  privilege  granted  by  the  emperor  to  de- 
flower the  brides  before  their  hufbands 
touched  them;  the  people  at  length  attacked 
their  lords;  expelled  them  the  country,  and 
deilroyed  their  caftles,  which  had  ferved 
them  as  a  protection  for  their  enormities. 
And  left  their  tyrants  fhould  return  with  fo- 
reign aid,  they  left  their  home,  and  founded 
Coni.  Their  numbers  daily  increafing,  they 
forraed  an  alliance  with  the  city  of  Afti, 
and  Luchin  duke  of  Milan,  and  became  a 
flourUhing  republic,  which  form  of  govern- 
ment continued  fome  years.  At  length 
they  fubmitted  to  Charles  of  Anjou,  comte 
of  Provence.  Some  time  after  his  death, 
they  came  under  Jane  queen  of  Naples, 
vho  being  incapable  of  fupporting  the 
weight  of  government,  the  town  of  Coni, 
for  protection,  voluntarily  lubmitted  to 
Amadeus  VI.  comte  of  Savoy ;  to  which  it 
Has  iince  continued  faithful.  It  has  been 
frequently  befieged,  firft  in  15 15,  by  the 
Swils,  under  Francis  Stampa,  a  gentleman 
of  Milan,  to  open  a  certain  road  to  Francis 
I.  who  was  then  entering  Italy  with  a  nume- 
rous army  to  make  war  on  the  confederate 
princes.  The  unfliaken  courage  ot  the 
inhabitants  appeared  for  the  firft  time  on 
this  occadon,  for  while  other  ftronger  towns 
of  Piedmont  furrendered,  either  to  capitula- 
tion or  force,  Coni  alone  remained,  and 
reiifted  all  the  attacks  of  the  enemy.  In  the 
year  1542,  it  was  again  befieged  by  Claude 
Annebaud,  admiral  of  France,  whom  Fran- 
cis I.  out  of  hatred  to  the  duke  of  Savoy, 
had  fent  with  an  army  of  i8,oco  men  to  lay 
wafte  Piedmont ;  the  befieged  had  only  300 
foot  and  JO  horfej  the  French  battered  the 


CON 

town  for  the  fpace  of  fix  d;iys  without  inter. 
million,  with  eighteen  pieces  of  heavy  can- 
non, and  did  conhdcrablc  mifchicf  to  the 
walls  and  the  moit  elevated  buildings  of  the 
place,  but  after  lofing  about  400  nu.-n  kil- 
led, and  many  wounded,  they  were  comptl- 
led  to  raifc  the  fiegc.  Fifteen  years  after 
that,  Marechal  Briflac,  one  of  the  moft  ex- 
perienced commanders  of  his  time,  who 
commanded  the  French  army  in  Italy,  at- 
tacked Coni  moit  vigoroufly,  but  v/ith  no 
better  fuccefs;  this  liege  conunued  58 
days,  52  pieces  of  cannon  playing  without 
interruption  on  the  walls  of  the  town,  which 
began  to  give  v/ay;  but  ionic  new  troops 
arriving  from  the  Impctial  army,  the  Mare- 
chal Biifi'ac  was  compelled  to  retire,  after 
havmg  had  4000  men  killed  or  wounded. 
In  1639,  '^^  was  befieged  by  the  Cardinal  Va- 
lette  and  the  Duke  of  Lor.gutville,  during 
the  civil  v/ars  which  agitated  Piedmont, 
without  fuccel's;  nor  did  the  Comte  ot  Har- 
court  llicceed  any  better  two  years  after, 
though  he  ben'eged  the  place  54  days.  Itwas 
again  bclieged  by  the  French  in  1696,  and 
in  1706.  In  1744,  it  was  befieged  by  the 
French  and  Spanilh  troops,  wlio  were  how-, 
ever  compelled  to  raife  the  fiege.  In  coii- 
fequence  of  the  rapid  fucccfTes  of  the  French 
in  Piedmont  duiing  the  months  of  April  and 
May  1796,  the  Kmg  of  Sardinia  found  it 
neceffary  to  make  overtures  for  peace,  and 
placed  Coni,  with  Alexandria,  Suza,  and 
Tortona,  into  the  hands  of  the  French,  as 
hoftages  of  his  good  faith.  On  the  3d  of 
December  1799,  ''•  ^''^^  t.ikenby  the  Aullri- 
ans  ;  the  garnlon  of  2844  men  furrendered 
on  the  fecond  day  priloncrs  ot  war,  being 
in  want  of  provifion  and  ammunition.  3 1  m. 
S.  Turin.     Long.  7.  40.  E.  Lat.i^a,.  22.  N. 

Coi>ici.iJi,  a  town  ot  New  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Mayo.     56  m.  NE.  Santa  Cruz. 

Conjeah,  a  town  of  Hinduoftan,  in  Ben- 
gal.    :-,s  niiles  E.  Calcutta. 

Conjcpalctin:-,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Coimbetore.    19  miles  NNE.  Coimbctore. 

Conitv^'ra}n,  a  town  of  Hindooft.m,  in  the 
Carnatic;  taken  by  Col.  Clivein  1758.  20  m. 
E.  Arcot.    Long.  80.52.  E.  La!,  iz.  k.i.'H. 

Coniglioney  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  val-» 
ley  of  Mazara.     16  miles  SW.  Palermo.  _ 

'Conijedla,  a  town  of  liinilooitan,  ii>  the 
circar  of  Ellore.     \^  miles  N.  Ellore. 

Conjhr-cre,  a  town  of  Ilindooihin,  in  the 
Carnatic,  on  the  coaft  of  Coromandel,  where 
the  Englilh  had  once  a  factory,  which  for 
feveral  years  has  been  removed  to  Fort  St. 
David.     12  miles  N.  Pondichciry. 

Conil,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Andalufi.i,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Atlantic,  in 
a  bay  to  wliich  it  gives  name.  The  inhabi- 
tants are  much  engaged  in  tilhing,  efpccially 
fjr  tunnies, which  tormcrlybrought  in  8o,oco 
ducats  yearly,  but  has  of  late  years  much 


CON 

fallen  ofF.      18  m.  SSE.  Cadiz.     Long.  6. 
9.  W.  Lai.o,(,^i6.  N.         _ 

C'jnil,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  province 

of  Yuratan.     no  miles  NE.  Merida. 

Conin,  or  Kcjihi^  a  town  of  Poland, in  the 
palatinate  of  Kalsfch.    18  m.  SSE.Gnefna. 

Coiiinghurg^  a  town  of  Mainland,  the 
principal  of  the  Shetland  Iflands.  5  miles  S. 
Kirkwall. 

Conifberg,  or  Ko?2gsherg_,  or  KoJiJlcrg,  a 
town  of  Norway,  in  the  diocefe  of  Agger- 
huus,  fitiiated  in  the  midfl  of  mountains,  in 
which  are  fome  mmes  of  (ilver,  difcovered 
in  the  year  1623;  and  in  one  a  vein  of  gold 
was  difcovered  in  1697.  Some  of  thefe 
mines  are  exceedingly  profitable,  and  fome 
fcarcely  pay  the  expences  of  working.  36 
miles  SW.  Chiiliana.  Long.  9.  45.  E.  Lat. 
59.  37.N. 

Co nifo rough,  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  ot  York,  formerly  a  city  of  note, 
and  by  the  Britons  called  Caer  Conan.  Here 
are  the  remains  of  an  ancient  caftle.  5  m. 
£  vV.  Don  carter. 

Conifion  Wafer,  a  lake  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Lancafter,  which  empties  itfclf 
into  the  river  Levcn,  g  ra.  S.  Hawkfliead. 

Cojiitz,  or  Choiiutz,  a  town  of  Prulfia,  in 
Pomereha.    40  miles  S.  Dantzic. 

Coniivaus;h^  a  town  of  Pegu.  25  miles 
SSW.  PcgJ. 

Co)jka,A  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the  Car- 
ratic.     18  miles  N.  Ne'lore. 

Conkerc,  a  poll  of  ChinefeTartary.  Long. 
'101.48.  E.  Lat.  A  A-  50.'^. 

ConUe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
■  jnent  of  the  Sarte.     10  m.  NW.  Le  Mans. 

Conlibge,  a  town  ot  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Jura.  2  m.  SE.ljOns  le  Satinier. 

Conlolongi,  a  tov^n  of  the  illand  of  Bor- 
neo.    I20  mites  N.  Banjar  Malnm. 

Comiagoody,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Marawar.     5  miles  E.  Tripatore. 

Coii.}:aiigkt,  one  of  the  four  provinces  of 
Ireland,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  on  the  ealf  by  the  counties  of  Fer- 
managh, Cavan,  Longford,  Weftmeath,  and 
King's  County  ;  or.  the  fcuth  by  the  county 
of  Clare  and  the  fea;  on  the  weft  by  the  fea. 
■It  contains  five  counties,  v!Z.  Galway,  Lei- 
trim,  Mayo,  Rofcomraon,  and  Siigo,  which 
include  296  parifhes,  4io8iquare  miles,  and 
9.?, 821  houfes ;  one  aichbilliopric,  and  live 
biflioprics.  It  was  formerly  a  kingdom  of 
itftU,  till  the  reign  of  Ileniy  IL  ;  and  feveral 
times  after  attempted  to  throv/  off  the  do- 
minion of  its  conquerors, 

Cjniiatix,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Card.     9  miles  NE.  Ulc's. 

Covvectlcut,  one  of  the  ftates  of  Ur.itcd 
America,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Mafla- 
chufctts,  on  the  ealt  by  the  ftate  of  Rf.cde 
Ifland,  on  the  ibuth  by  the  Sound,  winch 
icp.irates  it  tjom  I-,opg  Iljand,  and  on  the 


CON 

weft  by  the  ftate  o^'  New-York.  Its  ftiape 
is  nearly  a  long  fquare,  except  towards  the 
fouth-weft,  a  finall  tradt,  about  12  miles  long, 
and  8  or  9  wide ;  its  length  from  eaft  to 
weft  72  miles,  and  breadth  from  north  to 
fouih  45.  The  climate  is  healthy,  though 
fubject  CO  frequent  changes  of  weather,  efpe- 
cially  on  the  iea-ccaft- ;  the  winters  are  ge- 
nerally very  fevere,  and  the  fummers  very 
hot.  It  is  compoied  of  mountains,  hills,  and 
vallies,  with  a  great  num.ber  of  riveis,  large 
and  fmali ;  and  is  divided  into  eight  counties, 
Hertford,  Newhaven,  New  London,  Fair- 
field, Windham,  Lichfield,  Middlefex,  and 
Tollen.  The  principal  productions  are 
maize,  wheat,  barley,  oats,  flax,  hemp,  po- 
tatoes, pulfe,  and  fruits  of  diifc  ent  kmds, 
with  plenty  of  meadow  and  pafture  land. 
The  inhabirants  fatten  a  great  number  of 
cattle  and  fwine  :  the  butter  and  cheele  are 
faid  to  be  equal  to  the  bMl  of  Eurnpe. 
I'he  principal  trade  of  Connecticut  is  Vwth 
the  Wcft-india  iflands  ;  the  principal  ex- 
ports are  horfes,  mules,  oxen,  beef,  pork, 
maize, ftavcs, hoops,  pine-boards, oak-pltnk, 
Sec.  To  the  other  American  ffates  they  fend 
pork,  corn,  butter,  cheefe,  cider,  apples, 
pot  and  pearl  afhes,  llax-feed,  &c.  The 
number  of  inhabitants,  in  the  year  1790,  was 
237, 946,  of  tlieie  2764  were  flaves ;  the  in- 
habitants are  moftly  of  Engliflidclcer.t,  and 
are  Independents  in  religion.  The  princi- 
pal towns  are  Hertford,  Newhaven,  New 
London,  Norwich,  Middleton,  and  Wea- 
thersljeid  ;  the  principal  rivers  are  Connec- 
ticut, Houfatonick,  and  Thames.  Academies 
have  been  inftituted  at  Greenfield, Plainfield, 
Norwich,  Windham,  and  Pomfret.  Manii- 
faflures  of  woollen,  linen,  buttons,  paper, 
giafs,  iron,  &c.  have  been  clfablifnedin  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  ffate.  Oil-mills  have 
been  eredted  of  a  new  and  ingenious  con- 
flruction..  From  September  3odi,  1790,  to 
Septeniber  3oih,  1791,  the  amount  of  foreiga 
exports  from  this  ftate  was  710,310  dollars, 
behdes  articles  carried  to  different  parts  of 
the  United  States  to  a  great  amount.  This 
ftate  at  prefent  ov.'ns  and  employs  in  the  fo- 
reign and  coafting  trade  more  than  35,000 
tons  offliipping. 

Connecticut,  a  river  of  United  America, 
which  rifes  in  the  northern  part  of. New 
Hampihire,  feparating  that  ftate  from  the 
flate  of  Vermont,  enters  the  If  ate  of  Mafla- 
cb.ulcttsat  North  field,  crcffes  that  ftate  and 
epters  the  ffate  of  Connecticut  about  feven 
nulcs  north  from  Heitford,  and  alter  di- 
viding the  lat'icr  ftate  nearly  in  the  center, 
runs  into  the  lea  at  the  end  of  Long  Ifland 
Sound. 

CofDWLiicnt  Tarms,  a  town  of  New  Jer- 
Icy.     12  miles  N  Amboy. 

Comiel's  T0H.V12,  a  town  of  Pennfylyauici, 
aj  miles  WSW.  Chamberfbur^. 


CON 

Co7tfiere,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sarte.  i6  miles  ENE.  Le  Mans. 

Conncni,  or  Crct:er7i,  or  Koiwcron,  a  town 
of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy  of  Magdeburg. 
33  miles  S.  Magdeburg,  24  SW.  Dclliiu. 
Long.  12.  5.  E.  Lat.  51.  44.  N. 

ConniacoDihi,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.     ,-^7  miles  S.  Tinevclly. 

Connie^  La,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Loir,  a  little  below  Chateaudun. 

Connigurry,  a  town  of  liindooifan,  in 
Golconda.     9  miles  S.  Culloor. 

Connipnury  a  town  of  Bengal.  13  miles 
ENE.  Mahmudpoiir. 

Conuoie  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Newfoundland.     50  miles  E.  Cape  Ray. 

ConnoH,  a  river  of  France,  called  alfo  Aa, 
which  runs  into  the  Bcuvron,  lix  miles  SE. 
Beiivron. 

Connor,  a  river  of  Jamaica,  which  runs  into 
thefea  between  Rocky  Point  &  I'ort  Morant. 

C'.rinor,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
of  Antrim,  the  lee  of  a  billinp,  founded  in 
the  fifth  century,  united  with  the  fee  of 
Down  in  the  year  1554,  under  the  archbi- 
fliop  of  Armagh.     6  miles  N.Antrim. 

CoTiolJingen,  a  town  of SwifTerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne.     7  miles  ESE.  Berne. 

Conolonvay  Creek,  a  river  of  Pennfylvania, 
which  runs  into  the  Pocomack,  near  Han- 
cock's Town,  in  Maryland. 

Conopoli,  a  tov/n  of  European  Turkey,  in 
tlie  province  of  Livadia.  10  m.NE.Eepanto. 

Conojlein  Engers,  lee  Engers. 

Csnou,  a  town  of  Perlia,  in  the  province 
of  Lariftan,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Perlian  gulf. 
66  miles  ESE.  Lar. 

Conpas,  a  town  ofNevy  Navarre.  210 
miles  SSE.  Cafa  Grande. 

Conquel,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  coaft  of  France.  Long.  2.  59.  E. 
Lat.  47.  29.  N. 

Conques,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aveiron.     18  miles  N.  Rhodez. 

Conques,  a  town  ofFrance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aude.  4  miles  NE.  CarcafTonne, 
10  miles  ESE.  Montolieu. 

Conqiist,  Le,  afeaport  town  ofFrance,  in 
the  department  of  Finillerre.  In  1375,  being 
then  a  part  of  Bretagne,  the  French  took  it 
by  ftorm;  and  in  1557,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Englifli.  10  miles  W.  Breft.  Long.  12.54. 
E.  Lat.i,%.  22.  N. 

Conradjburg,  a  fortrefs  of  Africa,  on  the 
Gold  Coaft,  built  for  the  defence  of  Elmina. 

Co)ifar,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.  80  miles  NW.  Ifpahan.  Long.  ^o. 
42.  E.  Lat.  35.  20.  N. 

Confarhriick,  or  CcJiz,  a  town  ofFrance, 
in  the  department  of  the  Sarre,  at  the  con- 
flux of  the  Sarre  and  the  Mofelle.  Jn  the 
year  1704,  the  allies  threw  up  Ibnie  intrench- 
ments  to  defend  the  pafliige  of  the  Moleile, 
but  abandoned  them  the  year  following,    j 


CON 

miles  S.  Treves.    Long.  6. 40.  E.  Lat.  49. 
38.  N.  •"  ^' 

Conjhach,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  South- 
Gotidand.     32  miles  N.  Wardberg. 

Co"felve,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  ihc  Paduan, 
formerly  the  fee  of  a  billiop,  who  was  the 
Italian  vicar  of  the  empire.  It  contains 
about  5700  fouls.  10  miles  S.  Padua,  10 
N.  R-vigc. 

Confer  an  J,  or  Confer  am,  before  the  revo- 
lution,a  country  of  i' ranee,  in  Gafcony,  and 
the  dioccfe  of  a  biihop,  whole  relidence  was 
at  St.  Lilier,  the  capital.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  eafl  by  I'oix,  on  the  iouth  by  Catalonia, 
and  on  the  north  and  welt  by  Comminges. 

Confet's  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  norih-cail 
coaft  of  the  iiland  of  Barb  idocs,  north  of 
Confct's  P.jint.    10  miles  NE.  Bridge-town. 

Conft''s  Point,  a  cape  on  the  nonh-eall 
coaft  of  the  ifland  ofBarbadnes. 

ConfigUonc,  a  town  of  the  ifiand  of  Sicily, 
in  the  valley  of  Mazara.    19  m.  S.  Palermo. 

Co'f-\v,:\.  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Sandomirz.     28  miles  SE.  Ridom. 

Conjlahle,  a  Imall  ifl.ind  in  the  Atlaritic, 
on  the  coaft  of  Guiana,  at  the  moutl\,of  the 
Aprouah.    Lat.  4.  50.  N. 

Coujiadt,  or  Kunjladt,  a  town  of  Silefia,  in 
the  principality  of  Oeis.  38m.E.Brenau,  24 
NE.Brieg.  Long.  18.  3. E.  Lat. si.  2.N. 

Conjahce,  or  Kofinitz,  a  city  of  Germany, 
in  the  circle  of  Swabia,  fituated  on  a  lake 
called  Boden  lea,  or  the  lake  of  Conftance; 
it  is  very  ancient,  and  was  formerly  Imperial, 
but  placed  under  the  ban  of  the  empire  in 
the  year  1548,  by  the  emperor  Charles  V. 
for  deferting  the  Roman  Catholic  religion. 
In  th|  year  1549,  it  v/as  placed  under  the 
power  of  the  houfe  of  Auftria  by  Ferdi-  / 
nand  I. ;  and  though  the  eftates  of  Swabia 
refufed  their  aflent,  the  fubjeiftion  was  rati- 
fied by  the  diet  at  Augfburg.  Being  i^e- 
gleifted  by  the  houfe  of  Auftria,  the  town 
fell  to  decay.  Some  attempts  were  made 
by  the  emperor  Jofeph,  in  the  year  1785,  to 
introduce  fome  manufactures  from  Geneva, 
by  allowing  a  free  exercile  of  religious  wor- 
fliip,  which  may  in  time  operate  in  its  fa- 
vour. It  was  erei^tedintoabilhopric  in  the 
year  570,  the  fee  being  removed  hither  from 
Windiili,  a  place  in  Swifferland,  about  fix 
miles  diitant.  The  bilhop,  as  a  prince  of 
the  circle,  did  not  generally  abide  at 
Conftance,  his  rclidence  v/as  at  Mcrl- 
bcrg..  From  the  year  14 14  to  14 iS,  was 
held  hcic  a  famou";  council,  in  which  John 
Hufs  and  Jcrom  of  Prague  were  both  fen- 
tenccd  to  be  burned.  The  lake  of  t^on- 
ftance,  or  Boden  fji,  is  littrated  between 
Germany  and  Swi/Torland,  about  40  miles 
in  Iciigth,  and  v/hjie  Inoadeft  12  acrofs,  of 
an  oval  form;  the  river  R-hine  pafTec  tlircugh 
it.  The  liorth-weft  fide  of  the  lake  is  di- 
vided into  two  parib  by  a  broad  llip  of  laiiU; 


CON 

there  dlvifions  are  called  the  lakes  of  Zcll 
and  Uberlingen,  from  the  two  towns  of  Ra- 
dolphzell,  or  Zell  and  Uberlingen.  The 
Rhin?  paifes  only  through  the  lake  of  Zell. 
In  1802,  the  bifhopric  of  Conftance  was 
given  to  the  Marggrave  of  Raden.  30  miles 
ENE.  Zurich.  Long.g.S.E.  Lat-Ai-Z^-'^. 

Co-vjianiia,  a  hamlet  or  village  of  Africa, 
near  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  celebrated  for 
its  wine,  produced  from  vines  faid  to  be  ori- 
ginally brought  from  Schiras  in  Perfia. 

CoTiftdiitina,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lufia.  5om.SW.Cordova,42  NNE.  Seville. 

Conjiantir!a,or  Co^fthinah,^.iox\ix\  ofAfrica, 
and  capiial  of  the  eaftern  diftrift  of  Algiers, 
on  the  Rummel,  anciently  Cirta,  and  one  of 
th-e  ftrongeft  towns  of  Numidia.  The  pro- 
vince of  Conftantina  extends  on  the  coaft  of 
the  Mediterranean  from  the  river  Bcoberak 
to  the  river  Zaine,  which  feparate  it  from 
Tunis.  The  province  of  Titterie  bounds  it 
on  the  weft,  and  the  Sahara  on  the  fouth  ; 
about  220  miles  being  its  mean  extent  from 
caft  to  weft,  and  no  from  north  to  fouth. 
Both  the  north  and  fouth  parts  are  moun- 
tainous, and  in  fome  parts  rocky,  but  ge- 
nerally fertile  ;  and  pays  a  greater  revenue 
to  the  ftate  than  the  other  two.  It  forms  a 
part  of  the  ancient  Maurita7iia  C.rfarieiifis 
and  Numidia.  We  learn  from  hiflorv,  that 
Cirta  was  one  of  the  chiefeft,  as  v/ell  as  one 
of  the  ftrongeft  cities  in  Numidia;  the  firft 
of  which  circumftances  is  confirmed  by  the 
extent  of  the  ruins ;  the  latter  by  its  parti- 
cular fitualion  ;  for  the  greateft  part  of  it 
lias  been  built  upon  apeninlular  promontory, 
inacceifible  on  all  fides  except  towards  the 
SW.  where  it  was  joined  to  the  continent. 
This  promontory  Br.  Shaw  computed  to  be 
a  good  mile  in  circtiit,  lying  a  little  inclined 
to  the  fouthward;  but  to  the  northward,  it 
ended  in  a  precipice  of  at  leaft  ico  fathoms 
in  height;  from  whence  is  a  beautiful 
landfcape  over  a  great  variety  of  vales, 
mountains,  and  rivers,  which  lie  to  a  great 
diftance  before  it.  To  the  eaftward  the 
profpcdf  is  bounded  by  an  adjacent  range  of 
rocks,  much  higher  than  the  city;  but  to- 
wards the  fouth-eaft  the  country  is  more 
open,  with  a  diffantview  of  the  mountains: 
and  in  thefe  direiffions  this  peninfular  prO' 
montcry  is  feparated  from  the  continent  by 
a  deep  and  narrow  valley,  perpendicular  on 
both  lidcs,  where  the  Rumnu-I  conveys  its 
ftream.  The  neck  of  land  to  the  fouth- 
v/eft,  where  we  find  the  principal  gate  of 
the  citv  is  about  tlie  breadth  of  half  a  fur- 
ioBg,  being  entirely  covered  with  broken 
walls,  cifterns,  and  other  ruins,  which  are 
continued  quite  down  to  the  river ;  and  car- 
ried on  from  thence  over  a  ftrip  of  plain 
ground  that  runs  parallel  with  a  deep  nar- 
row vail'  y.  Such  was  the  fituation  and  ex- 
ticnt  of   the  ancient  Cirta  ;  but  the  preftnt 


CON 

city  has  not  the  fame  dimenfions,  being  con- 
fined to   the   rerrnuilar  promontory  only. 
Befides  the  generrJ  traces  of  many  ruins  fcat- 
tered  all  about,  there  ftill  remair;  near  the 
center  of  the  town  thofe  capacicjs  cifterns 
which  received   the  water  brought   hither 
from    Phyfgealr  by  an^  aquedudt,  a  great    . 
part   of  which  ftill  remains,   and  is  very 
furaptuous.     The  cifterns,  which  are  about 
20  in  number,  make  an  area  of  above  50 
yards  fquare.     The  principal  gate  is  of  a 
beautiful  reddilTi  ftone,  rot  inferior  to  mar- 
ble, well  polifhed  and  (hining;  the  fide-pofts 
or  pillars   whereof  are  neac'y   moulded  in 
pannels.      An   a't;ir  of  pure  white  marble 
makes  part  of  a  neighbouring  wall,  and  the 
fide   of  it  in  view  prefents  a  well-fliaped 
fjmpulum   in  a    bold  relief.     The   gate  to- 
wards the  fouth-eaft  is  in  the  fame  fafliion 
and  defign,  though  much  fmaller,  and  lies 
open  to   a  bridge  that  was  built  over  this 
part  of  the  valley.     This,  indeed,  was  a 
mafter-piece  in    its  kind  ;  the  gallery  and 
the  columns  of  the  arches  being  adorned 
with  corniflies  and  feftoons,    ox-heads,  and 
garlands.     Among  the  ruins   to  the  foutli- 
weft  of  the  bridge,  upon  the  narrow  ftrip  of 
land,  we  have  the  greateft  part  of  a  trium- 
phal arch,  called  CafRr  Goulah,  or  the  Caf- 
tle  (as  they  interpret  it)  of  the  Grant,  con- 
lil-ling    of  three   arches;   the    rfiiddleraofl 
whereof,  as  ufual,  is  the  moft  fpacious.     All 
the  mouldings  and  friezes  are  curioufly  em- 
beiliflied  v/ith  the  figures  of  flov/ers,  battle- 
axes,  and    other   ornaments.     The  Corin- 
thian pilaflers,  creeled  on  each  fide  of  the 
grand  arch  are  pannelled-  l'':e  the  gates  of 
the  city,  in  a  ftyle  and  fafiiion  peculiar  to 
Cirta.     Without  the  precinds   of  the  city, 
under  the  great  precipice,   are  many  fepul- 
chral    infcriptions.     160  miles  E.  Algiers. 
iSoW.Tuni3./>5;;^?-.6.  24-E.  Lat.:,(3.  25.N. 
Coiijlantlhcp'e.,  a  city  of  Europe,  and  ca- 
pital oftheTurkifh  empire*,  anciently  called 
Byzantium,  but  changed  to  Conftantinopls 
by  the  emperor   Conftaniine,  who  m.ade  it 
the  feat  of  the  Roman  empire  in  the  e^ft  ; 
the  Turks  call  it  Iftamboul,  or  the  Fertile 
Place.    It  is  one  of  the  largeft  cities  in  Eu- 
rope, being  34  or  ;,5  miles  round,  including 
the  fubutbs ;    its  figure  is   triangular,  with 
two  fides  to  the  fea.     The  harbour  lies  to 
the  north,  which  is  convenient  and  large, 
and  of  eafy  approach  from  the  Black  fea, 
or  from  the  Mediterranean.  It  was  anciently 
called  the  Golden  Horn,  from  its  curve,  and 
the  riches  of  its  commerce  ;  the  conftant 
depth  of  water  allows  goods  to  be  landed 
on  the  quays,  without  the  affiftance  of  boats. 
Conftantinople  is  furrounded  with  walls  of 
frecftone,  here  and  there  mixed  wiih  bricks, 
and   flanked  with    250  towers.    There  are 
22  gates,  6  on  the  land  fide,  and  16  towards 
tj;e  fea.    The  fueets  arc  badly  paved,  nar- 


CON 

row,  dark,  and  llippery,  interfperfed  here 
and  there  with  beautiful  edifices,  pubHc 
baths,  &c.  in  the  midft  of  low  houfes,  built 
of  wood  or  earth,  which  often  difappear  in 
the  night,  deftroycd  by  fire  or  plund.'rcd  by 
the  foldiery.  Edon  eftimates  the  population, 
confifting  of  Turks,  Armenians,  Greeks,  and 
other  Europeans,  at  426,000 ;  Olivier  at  up- 
wards of  500,000  ;  bdth  writers  compute 
from  the  confumption  of  iiour.  Prince  Can- 
timir  counted  40,000  houfes,  without  in- 
cluding the  fuburb?:  thofe  of  the  rich  are 
fumptuoufly  and  elggantly  decorated.  Thev 
reckon  feven  royal  mofcjues,  built  witlr 
magnificence  and  tafte,  and  maintained  with 
care,  furrounded  widi  fpacious  courts,  and 
adorned  with  beautiful  fountains.  Among 
the  mod  celebrated  is  that  of  Saint  Sophia, 
which  fronts  the  great  gate  of  the  feraglio  ; 
it  was  built  bv  the  emperor  Juflinian,  and 
the  Turks  hold  it  in  the  fame  veneration  as 
did  the  Chrillians ;  the  Grand  Signior  going 
there  in  perfon  every  Friday.  The  re- 
venue belonging  to  it  is  very  great,  and  it 
will  contain  100,000  perfons  conveniently. 
Belides  a  prodigious  number  of  mofques, 
the  Greeks  have  30  churches  in  the  city  and 
fuburbs ;  the  Armenians  a  great  many,  and 
the  Ronifin  Catholics  feveral ;  and  theSwe- 
dilh  nation  has  been  permitted  to  build  a 
Lutheran  church.  The  feraglio,  which  oc- 
cupies the  place  of  ancient  Byzantium,  was 
built  by  Mahomet  11.  and  is  9  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, including  the  gardens  ;  it  is  an 
alTemblage  of  palaces  and  apartments,  placed 
by  thehde  of  one  another,  without  fymme- 
try,  and  without  order.  The  outfide  ap- 
pearance has  nothing  great,  cyprefles  and 
other  evergreens  being  the  chief  things  to 
be  feen;  the  interior  apartments  are  adorned 
with  paintings  of  flowers,  landfcapes,  &c. 
furniflied  with  baths,  nrarble  bafons,  French 
and  Venetian  looking-glalTes,  Perlian  ta- 
peftry,  China  vafes,  &c.  The  principal  en- 
trance of  the  palace  is  of  marble,  and  is  called 
Capi,  that  is,  The  Port,  which  name  is  given 
fometimes  to  the  whole  empire.  Through 
this  gate  is  the  entrance  to  the  lirft  court, 
in  which  are  the  mint,  the  infirmary,  and 
other  buildings.  The  fecond  court  is  called 
the  Divan-court,  the  great  council-chamber 
being  there,  with  the  kitchen,  the  treafury, 
and  Ifables.  To  the  north,  adjoining  to  the 
Divan,  is  the  feraglio,  properly  fo  called, 
through  which  is  a  narrow  pafliige  hading 
to  the  audience  chamber,  which  is  of  ama- 
zing magnificence,  particularly  the  throne. 
Thus  far  are  ambafiadors  pernytted  to  come,_ 
but  no  farther.  Betvv'ixt  the  tv/o  mofques  of 
Sultan  Solyman  and  Bajazct  is  the  old  fe- 
raglio, in  which  are  ihut  up  the  wives  of 
the  deceafed  fultans.  The  flave-market  is 
iituated  near  a  llree^  which  leads  to  Adrian- 
oplc.    The  caftle  of  Seven  Towers  ii  a  iUt^ 


C  O  N 

prifon,  and  fjtuated  near  tlic  Tea  of  Mar- 
mora. Weft  of  the  city  isthe  imperial  pa- 
lace of  Aijub,  or  Samt  Job,  with  a  village 
of  the  fame  name,  vs'hich  mav  be  reckoned 
one  of  the  fauxbourgs,  where  in  a  moiquc  is 
the  tomb  of  Sultan  Ochman,  founder  of  the 
empire.  Galata  is  another fauxbourg,  fur- 
rounded  witli  walls,  flanked  with  towers; 
the  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Greeks,  Armeni- 
ans, Franks,  and  Jews,  who  choofe  it  for 
their  refidence,  for  the  fake  of  living  with 
greater  liberty  than  in  the  city.  Pcra  is  ano- 
ther fauxbourg,  fituated  on  an  eminence,  from 
whence  may  be  feen  the  feraglio,  and  the 
coalt  of  Afia;  the  air  is  more  pure  than  in 
the  city ;  here  the  ambaffadors  of  Europe  rc- 
lide,  and  the  moll  refpedable  fort  ofGrcek<-. 
Tofana,  fo  called  from  the  cannon  foundcry 
eftabliflied  there,  is  another  fauxbourg.  Tha 
plague  generally  vifits  this  city  every  year, 
and  makes  dreadful  havock:  fires  deilrov  a 
great  number  of  houfes,  which,  perJvaps,  aie 
increafed  by  the  hopes  of  plunder.  Among 
the  principal  curioiities  of  Conftantinop.'e 
may  be  reckoned  the  ancient  Hippodrome, 
by  the  Turks  called  Atmeidan,  in  which 
ftands  a  pyramid  of  Theban  marble,  infcri- 
bed  with  hieroglyphics:  the  coloifus,  or 
pillar,  conlifting  of  feveral  fquare  blocks  of 
freeftone;  a  triangular  pillar  of  caft  brais, 
reprefenting  three  feipents  folded  in  each 
other,  but  the  triple  head  fallen  off;  a  co- 
lumn eredted  in  honour  of  the  emperor  Ar- 
cadius,  &c.  Conifantinople  was  confecrated 
the  feat  of  the  Roman  empire  in  the  year 
330;  and  continued  the  refidence  of  the 
Chriftian  emperors  in  the  eaftern  part  of  die 
empire  till  the  year  i4i;3,when  it  was  taken 
by  the  Turks,  from  which  time  it  has  bee  a 
the  capital  of  their  dominions.  L.oiig.  28. 
56.  E.  Lat.  41.  N. 

ConJIcviti/ioiv,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Vol- 
lynia,  on  the  river  Slucza.  8  miles  NNW. 
Braciaw,  96  SE.  Lucko.  Long.  27.  20.  E. 
Lat.  49.  40.  N. 

Coujlantbvj^v,  a  town  of  Aufcrian  Poland, 
in  the  palatinate  of  Kaminiec.  65  miles  NE. 
Kaminicc.     Z,?;;^. 25.58.E.  7/^/.  49.40.N. 

Cov.ftcr^jL'aldey  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  Po- 
merelia.    5  miles  S.  Marienburg. 

Confacgra,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  NewCaf^ 
tile,  containing  two  parifhes  and  three  con- 
vents. It  belongs  to  the  knights  of  Malta, 
25  miles  SSE.  Toledo,  64  W.  Cucn^a. 

Cor.fuv.nh.,  a  town  of  l^indoollan,  in  Ben- 
gal.    17  miles  N.  Dinagepour. 

C'jrJa,  a  river  of  Genoa,  which  runs  into 
the  fea  near  Albenga. 

Cofita,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  OrifTa. 
31  miles  NWMIariiorpour. 

Contalagiiv.,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.     8  milcsN.  Dinagepour. 

Conta:,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs  ifl» 
the  Ailanti^c,  Lai.  ij,.  io.  S. 


CON 

Ccntay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.     lo  m.  NNE.  Amiens. 
Contcjy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  ia  Bengal. 
20  miles  E.  Jalialbre. 

Contchoudfong,  a  town  of  Thibet.  380  m. 
ENE.LaiTa.  Lor!g.()'].2Z.lL.  Lat. so.zo.'N. 
Contefa,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  with 
a  port,  ftuated  in  the  province  of  Macedo- 
nia, in  a  fniall  idand,  at  the  bottom  of  a  gulf, 
to  which  it  gives  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Strimon.  48  miles  E.Saionica.  Long. 
34.  4.  E.  Laf.  4c.  40.  N. 

Ccnteville.,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure,  at  the  month  of  the 
Seine.  6  miles  NW.  Pont  Audemer,  28 
W.  Rouen. 

.  Coirlczendoi  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  Pome- 
retia,  on  the  Viilula.'  8  m.  W.  Marienburg. 
CoiUhU,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Meurte.  6  m.  NNV/.  Dieuze. 
ContigUanot'A  town  of  the  Popedom,  in 
the  dutchy  of  Spoleto,  near  a  lake  to  which 
it  gives  name.     9  miles  W.  Rieti. 

CoiitigiKt  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
inont  of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  3  miles  N. 
Chateauneui". 

Contin,, ^xown  of  Pruflia,  in  the  province 
-of  Natangen.     3  miles  W.  Konigfberg. 

Cojitoira,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Po.     23  miles  NNW.  Turin, 

Conto^icoi'k,  a  river  of  United  America,  in 
ls[ew  Hampihire,  which  runs  into  the  Mer- 
rimack, 4  miles  N.  Concord. 

Co'itout  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Faleni,  Ibutli  of  Galam. 

CoKtoiil,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
I  a  miles  N.  Durbungah. 

Contoy,  fee  Loggerhead  Key. 
ContrarietSs,  {IJle  def,)  a  fmall  ifland  in 
•the  Paci'ic  Ocean.    Long.idi.  ^G.'E.  Lat. 
g.  46.  S.     . 

Contreki,  a  town  of  Arabia.  180  miles  S. 
.Mafcat. 

Conireras,  a  c'utler  of  fmall  iflands  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  coaft  of  Mexico. 
Long.  83.  56.  W.  Lett.  8.  10.  N.  ■ 
-  Contres,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
Tiient  of  the  Loir  and  Cher,  10  m.  S.  Blois. 
'  Cof.'troKC,  iitow-n  of  Naples,  in  Frincipato 
Citra.     10  -miles  '6E.  Campagna  d'Evoli. 

Cof^Uivniecu,  a  tov/n  of  Peru,  in  the  au- 
dience (jfLima.     65  miles  SE.Truxiilo, 

Co?2tnrJi,  a  to\yn  of  Naples,  in  Prirjcipato 
Citra,  25  miles  E.  Salerno.  Lo/ig.  i^.zo. 
•E.  I-^at.  40.  39.  N. 

Coity,   a  town  of  Frarxe,  in  the  depajt- 
nient  of  the  Somnie,.on  the  Selle.     12  miles 
S.  Amiens. 
•  Cs>:!i,  atov/n  of  the  ifland  of  Ccrlica.    11 
,  miles  N.  Ajaccio. 

Coj:vcrJ'ano,  a  tov/n  of  Niiples,  in  the  pro- 
*vince  of  Bari,  the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  fufFrngan 
of  Bari.     15  miles  ESE.  Bari.    Lo?ig.  1%,  7. 
£.  Lat.A^'  9^N. 


COO 

Converfera,  an  ifland  in  the  Adriatic,  near 
the  coall  of  ifiria.  Long.  13.  46.  E.  Lat. 
45.  20.  N. 

Cof2verfion  de  St.  Pan/,  (La,)  a  fmall 
ifland  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  difcovered  by 
Quiros  in  1606. 

Con<way,  fee  Ahercon^vay. 

Conway,  a  river  of  North-Wales,  which 
rifes  from  a  lake,  fituated  where  the  three 
counties  of  Caernan-on,  Denbigh,  and  Me- 
rioneth meet,  twelve  miles  north  of  Dolgelly; 
and,  after  dividing  the  county  of  Denbigh 
from  that  of  Caernarvon,  falls  into  the  Irifh 
fea  at  Aberconway. 

Conway  "Town,  a  town  of  North-America, 
in  New  Brunfwick.  45  miles  SSE.  Frede- 
rick's Town. 

Conyadee,  a  town  of  Bengal.  26  miles  E. 
Midnapour. 

Conyounvah^z  town  ofBirmah,  on  the  right 
bank  of  thelrawaddy.     50  miles  SW.  Ava. 

ConZj  fee  Confarhruck. 

Conza,  a  city  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Ultra,  of  which  it  is  conlidered  the  capital, 
fituated  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines,  near 
the  head  of  the  Oflmto  ;  the  fee  of  an  arch- 
bilhop.  Its  principal  commerce  is  marble. 
48  miles  E.  Naples.  Long.  15. 12.  E.  Lat. 
40.  5 I.N. 

Ccochung,  a  fmall  circar  of  Bengal, 
about  nine  miles  fquarc,  wefl  of  Midnapour, 

Coodavi,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  Coim- 
betore.     14  males  NNW.  Dnraporum. 

Cocgdarra,  a  town  of  Bengal,  7  miles 
NE.  Caugmahry.     - 

Coogreet,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Surubulpour.  30  miles  SSE.  Sura- 
bulpour. 

Coohoor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Ellicpour.     10  m.  ESE.  Ellicpour. 

Cooke's  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  weft  coaft  of 
Eafter  ifland.  It  is  the  only  anchorage 
fheltered  from  the  eaft'  and  fouth-eaft  that  is 
to  he  found  in  thefe  latitudes ;  and  even  here 
a  vefTel  would  run  a  great  rifl<  from  wefterly 
winds,  but  that  they  never  blov/  from  that 
part  of  the  horizon  without  previoufly  fhift- 
ing  from  eaft  to  north-eaft  to  north,  and  fo 
in  fuccefuon  to  the  weft,  which  allows  time 
to  get  under  weigh ;  and  after  liaving  ftood 
out  a  quarter  of  a  league  to  fea,  there  is  "no 
caufe  for  apprehenfion.  It  is  eafy  to  knov/ 
this  bay  again:  after  having  doubled  the  two 
locks  at  the  fbuth  point  of  the  ifland,  it  will 
be  necefTary  to  co/^fi  along  a  mile  from  the 
fhore,  till  a  little  fandy  creek  makes  its  ap- 
pearance, which  is  the  molt  certain  mark. 
When  this  creek  be:!rs  eaft  by  fouth,  and 
the  two  rocks  are  fiiut  in  by  the  point,  the 
anchor  may  be  let  go  in  20  fathoms,  iandy 
bottom,  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  the  fliore. 
If  the  lliip  has  more  ofting,  bottom  is  found 
only  in  2,k  or  4c  fiithoms,  and  the  depth  in- 
crciifcs  io  rapidly  that  the  anchor  diags. 


coo 

The  landing  is  >ufy  enough  at  the  foot  of 
one  of  the  llatucs.  Lcag.  109.  35.  W.  Lat. 
27-  II.  S. 

C^.ok's  Inku  or  Cook's  Rher,  a  river  of 
North- Ame.ica,  which  runs  into  the  Nor- 
thern Pacific  Occ^.n,  b  2t vvoen  Cape  Elizabeth 
and  Point  3,1  nks, /.  c.  b.-avccn  /.wrf.  207. 
9.  and  207,  47.  E.  I.nf.  58.  42.  and  59,  ro. 
N.  Captciin  Cuok  failed  up  this  river  210 
miles,  as  fir  as  /,-".•>  2to. E.  and  L:Jt.  61. 
30.  N.  withfi'^t  Hidinc^  any  appearance  of 
its  iuurff.  Cipt.  C.  found  the  \vat"r  lefs 
flit,  an  J,  was,  he  fa-^s,  convinced  of  there 
being  a  Vi\y.'i  1  iver ;  afterwards  ',?  foun  i  ihe 
furface  of  ihj  water  perfedly  frefli,  bat  fait 
lit  a  (rreater  d -T'th :  irjt  is  not  this  rather 
the  e.Te(5t  of  melted  hi'^w  than  ^i  continu?d 
ftrcam  froni  a  large  river?  Capr.  Vancouver 
is  of  a  decided  opinion,  th:;f  it  is  an  inlet 
of  the  Pacific  ('cean  only,  and  has  i!ieref;re 
called  it  Cook's  Lik't,  by  vvhich  name  it  will 
moft  probably  be  hereafter  kmwn. 

Ccok's  Ijlandst  two  fn'.ail  iilmds  in  the 
Ivlcrgui  Archipelago.     Lat.  10.  45.  N. 

Cook's  Strait,  a  ftrait  in  the  Souihern  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  w'lich  divide,  the  two  iflanJs 
of  New  Zealand. 

Cookhonfi-,  a  town  of  United  America,  in 
the  Hate  of  Nev/  York.  107  miles  NVV. 
New  York. 

Cookquago,  a  river  of  New-York,  which 
rifes  in  the  county  of  Schoarie,  crc/Tes  the 
county  of  Delaware,  and  joining  with  liiePa- 
pachton,  forms  the  Delaware  r'ver. 

Cookfic,  a  town,  of  Bengal.  26  miles 
NW.  Burdwan. 

Coolahha,  a  fmall  ifland  i"^  the  Eaftern 
Indian  fea,  near  the  coail:  of  Concan.  18 
miles  S.  Bonjbay.     Long.  72.  iS.  E.  Lat. 

18.  4.^  N. 

Cooh.tr,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     40  miles  W.  Ne'ilore. 

Coolangee,  a  town  of  Kindooftan,  in  Ba- 
ramaul.     21  miles  E.  Caveripatam. 

Coolafiy,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs 
into  the  Ardnagiafs  Bay,  5  miles  S'^V.  Sli^jo. 

Coolbarya,  a  town  of  Bengal.  28  miles 
WSW.  Nagore. 

CooLx-y-A  town  of  Bengal.  icm.S.Ramgur. 

Coolgrenny,  a  tov/n  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Wexford.  In  1798,  the  rebels  were 
defeated  at  this  place.     3  m.  S3 Vv .  Arklow. 

Coolidge  Landing,  a  town  of  Maryland, 
on  the  Patuxen.     25  miles  SSIV.  Annapolis. 

CooU-pou,  a  poft  of  Chincfe  Tartary.  5 
miles  N.  Tie-ling-Hotun, 

Coolloo.,  a  town  of  Kindoofl'an,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Orifi'a.  39  miles  SW.  Cattack,  6? 
ESE.Boad.     Long.%<,.^o.Y.,  L^/.2o.i8.N. 

Coolo?ne,  a  town  of  United  America,  in  the 
ftate  of  Georgia.     20  miles  SW.  Oakfufee. 

Coolpahar,  a  town  of  Hindoofian,  in  th*^ 
circar  or  Gohud.     15  miles  S.  Raat. 

Cooly  Point,  a  gape  of  lielaad,  at  the  north 
Vol.  I.  S  s 


COO 

entrance  into  Dundalk  Buy,  on  the  coaft  of 
Louth.     Long.  6.  7.  W.  Let.  57.  57.  N. 

Coolybunra,  a  town  of  Mindoollan,  in 
Bahar.     15  miles  NE.  Nagpour. 

Coo/ymrcha,  a  town  ot  Hindooftan,  ou 
the  coaft  of  Guzerat.  10  miles  SE.  Puttan 
Suir.naut. 

Coomareah,  a  town  of  Hindoo lh'.:i,  In  tli4 
circar  of  Godra.     2  ?  miles  SW.  Tandla. 

CoomfuktiXown  (  f  HindMoila'.i,inGoond. 
wanah.  45  miles  NK.  Na-pour,  no  SW. 
Ruttunpour.  Lofig.io.  !:o.E   /-.//. n.;,.!.N. 

Co'.tiitah,  -A  town  of  Hindooftan,  iri  Ca- 
nara.     10  miles  N.  Onore. 

Coonaterrak,  a  town  of  Hindoolbn,  in 
Calicut.     2,7,  miles  ENE.  Panimy. 

Co.nator,  a  town  of  Hin.io.  'tan,  in  My- 
fore.     12  I'.iilesSE.  Cavciipi'am. 

Coo'idaharry,  a  town  of  llindooilan,  in  the 
oil  car  of  Naderbar.    25  m.  SSW.  N.idcrbar. 

Ccmdapaddy,  a  luwn  of  Hindooflan,  iii 
Coi.Tibetore.     9  niiics  NV.'.  E.rc^d. 

Coondapoiir,  -a.  town  o;'  Hinduoftan,  in 
Caiiara,  ced.  1  to  Grcat-B.  itain  in  1799.  6 
miles  1'!  ,V.  Baicelore,  30  SE.  Onore. 

Coorit,:h,  a  uiwn  of  Hindoofian,  in  OrilTa. 
8  miles  SW.  Harriorpnui. 

Coont.ih,  a  town  of  Bcng.J.  60  miles  W. 
Midnapour. 

Cooiiuju,  a  town  of  Kindooflan,  in  th# 
Carn;uic.     25  miles  N-  Malras. 

Covitara,  a  town  of  Bengal.  7  miles  W. 
Rogonatpour. 

Coopa,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.     JO  miles  ENE.  li'pahan. 

Coopachitty,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Coimbeiore.     20  miles  W.  E'road. 

Coopah,  a  town  of  Ilindoollm,  in  Alla- 
hab;id.     24  miles  N.  Gazyponr. 

Loopan,  a  LO  ..n  on  the  we.:  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Timor,  in  a  bay.  Long.  124.  i. 
E.  Lat.^.  57.  S. 

C5^/)^;V///j;;i'/,oneoftheBermucaifla,ids. 

Cooper's  Creek,  a  river  of  New  J<.rley, 
whicl".  runs  into  the  Delaware,  Long.  75.  9. 
W.  Lat.  39.  56.  N. 

Cooper's  River,  a  \  irer  of  South-Carolina, 
which  join?  the  Aihley  at  Charleftown. 

Cooper's  Ijlctnd,  an  ifland  0:1  the  north 
coall  of  the  i  and  of  Java,  n(!:ir  B.itavia  ; 
about  3200  feet  in  circumftrcncc.  The 
Duteh  EalMndia  Company  hare  on  it  fe« 
veral  waiehoufe;.  chief!  v  tbr  coifce. 

Coopers  //7^W,  one  of  the  Virgin  iflandi, 
in  the  Wcil-Indies,  abuut  fire  miles  long, 
and  from  one  to  two  wide.  Long.  65.  57. 
W.  Lat.  18.  7.  N. 

Cooper's  IJLtnd,  a  rock  of  confidcrable 
height,  about  five  miles  in  circumference,  in 
the  South  Atlantic  Ocean,  ubunt  one  mi!e 
from  the  call  coaft  of  the  iflan.2  of  Georgia. 
Long.  36.  4.  W.  /...•/.  M-  </.  S. 

Coopilly,  a  town  of  llmdo-.ltan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cicitcolc.    6  miles  S.  Cix.ii(.oict 


coo 


COP 


Coorah,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Kitch- 
wara.     15  miles  SSE.  Raajegur. 

Coorapllly^  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     8  miles  SW.  Puliumnare. 

Coorwwar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Al- 
lahabad.    40  miles  W.Benares. 

Cooreah,?L  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
^^  miles  W.Kairabad. 

Coofga,  or  Corga,  a  circar  or  diftridl  of 
Hindooftan,  governed  by  a  rajah,  fituated 
among  the  weftern  Gauts,  between  Canara 
and  Myfore.  The  inhabitants  are  a  divilion 
ot  the  Nayrs,  and  their  chief  occupation  is 
war.  It  is  full  of  mountains  and  forefts, 
which  (lielter  innumerable  tygers  and  ele- 
phants. In  the  wx)ods  are  found  the  fandal, 
and  other  valuable  trees,  with  the  richeft 
ipices  of  the  eaft.  The  foil  is  fertile,  and 
the  climate  temperate.  Hyder  Ali  in  vain 
endeavoured  to  conquer  this  country,  till  a 
quarrel  between  the  rajah  and  his  brother 
enabled  him  to  effeift  his  purpofe.  He  de- 
ftroyed  one  fiimily,  made  prifoners  of  the 
other,  and  poflefted  himfclfof  the  country. 
The  young  rajah,  then  a  boy,  he  compelled 
to  become  a  Muflelman,  and  he  was  enrolled 
among  the  Chilas,  or  corps  of  flaves,  till  in 
1785  he  efcaped  to  his  own  dominions. 

Coorfah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bengal. 
»5  miles  WSW.  Beyar. 

C^w?/;/^^,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  province 
of  Birboom.     2)i  miles  W.  Nagore. 

Coos,  (  Laiver,)  a  river  of  Vermont,  which 
runs  into  the  Connedicut,  Long.  7a.  W. 
Lat.  44.  8.  N. 

Coos,  (Upper,)  a  river  of  Vermont,  v/hJch 
runs  into  the  Connecticut,  Long,  71.  34.  W. 
Lat.  44.  3z.  N. 

Coos,  fee  Sta?!chio. 

Coos  Beykar,'d.  province  of  Bengal,  boun- 
ded on  the  north  and  north-eaft  by  Bootan, 
on  the  eaft  by  Goolah,  on  the  fouth  by  Bit- 
trebund  and  Rungpour,  and  on  the  weft  by 
Booda  and  Bootifliazary;  about  50  miles 
long,  and  28  broad.     Beyhar  is  the  capital. 

Coos  Beyhar,  fee  Beyhar. 

Coofades,  an  Indian  town  of  Weft-Florida, 
on  the  Abacoochee.     4  miles  W.  Alabama. 

Coofahatchcc,  a  river  of  South-Carolina, 
which  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  80.  ^i. 
W./>^/.32.  35.N. 

Coo/barf  a,  a  town  of  Bengal.  16  miles 
SE.  Moorlhedabad.    ■ 

Coofe  Creek,  a  river  of  Kentucky,  which 
I'uns  into  the  Cumberland  river,  Long.  80. 
50.  W.  Z,^/.  36.  45.N. 

Cooferah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
10  miles  SE.  Bahar. 

Cooferynagur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bundelcund.     50  miles  S.Chatterpour. 

CooJ^-nah,  a.\.o\vn  ol  Hindooftan,  in  Benares. 
8  miles  NVV.  Bidzigur. 

Confugnrry,  a  town  of  Bengal,  ao  miles 
K'NVV.  Goragot. 


Cocfce,  fee  Abacoochee. 

Coofuvihah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bagiana.     28  miles  SSW.  Tolmani. 

Coofy,  or  Crfa,  a  river  which  rifes  in  the 
mountains  of  Thibet,  and  runs  into  the  Gan- 
ges, 20  miles  E.  Boglipour,  in  Bengal. 

Cootekaera,  a  town  of  Bengal.  40  miles 
SSW.  Doefa. 

Cootally,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     30  miles  SE.Tineveliy. 

Cootee,  a  town  of  Bengal.    },t,  m.E.  Doefa. 

Cootel.'iU,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  county 
ofCavan.     11  miles  NE.  Cavan. 

Cooler,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Allaha- 
bad,    ao  miles  NW.Currah. 

Coots,  a  town  of  Pennfylvania.  13  miles 
NNE.  Reading. 

Coofy,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
24  miles  ENE.  Hajypour. 

Copacavanal'd.  town  of  Peru,  in  the  diocefe 
of  La  Paz,  near  the  weft  coail:  of  lake  Titi- 
aca.    20  miles  SE.  Xiili. 

Copalnagur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.     1 7  miles  W.  Comillah. 

Co[)atz,  a  town  in  the  ifland  of  Cherfo. 
8  mJlesN.  Cherfo. 

Copauldurgam.,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.     10  miles  SSE.  Cenapatam. 

Cope,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  Car- 
natic.    12  miles  W.Tritchinopnly. 

Copenhagen,  (in  Danifli  Kiobenhaven,)  a 
city,  feaport,  and  capital  of  Denmark,  fitu- 
ated on  the  caftern  coaft  of  the  ifland  of 
Zealand,  on  a  bay  of  the  Baltic,  near  the 
Sound,  built  on  a  morafs,  and  furrounded 
with  fcveral  fmall  lakes;  yet  the  air  is  not 
unwholefome.  It  was  only  a  village  till  the"" 
year  1254,  when  it  became  a  town.  In  1443, 
it  was  erefted  into  a  bilhop's  fee,  and  made 
the  refidence  of  the  king,  but  fuffered  to 
enjoy  its  ov/n  municipal  laws.  A  lire,  in 
the  year  1728,  in  24  hours,  confumed  1650 
houfes,  5  churches,  the  univerfity,  and  4 
colleges.  Another  lire,  in  the  month  of 
February  1794,  deftroycd  the  royal  palace. 
Copenhagen  is  accounted  the  beft  built  city 
of  the  north ;  the  ftrects  are  well  paved,  with 
a  foot-way  on  each  hde,  luit  too  narrow  for 
general  ufe.  The  greateft  part  of  the  build- 
ings are  of  brick,  and  a  few  of  freeftone ; 
the  houfes  of  the  nobl'ity  are  in  general 
fpiendid,;in«l  built  in  the  Italian  ftyle.  The 
hiUibour  is  always  crowded  with  fnips,  and 
the  ilreets  are  interfered  by  broad  canals,' 
which  bring  the  merchandize  clofe  to  the 
warehoufes  on  the  quays.  Copenhagen 
cont;iios  about  4000  houfes,  4  roy;il  palaces, 
19  churches,  and  a  great  number  of  public 
buildings,  11  public  places  or  markets,  and 
186  ftreets,  almoft  all  broad,and  in  aftraight 
line.  The  palace,  which  was  burned  in 
the  year  1794,  was  an  immenfe  pile  of 
building,  of  hewn  ftone,  the  wings  and  fta- 
bles  of  brick  ftuccoedj  this  palace  was  called 


COP 

Chnjl'tanfhurg,  being  built  by  Chriftian  VI. 
at  his  ovn  expence,  without  laying  any  tax 
on  his  lobje^ts.  The  hofpital  of  Warlow  is 
large  and  conven"ent,  contpining  ?co  bc.ls, 
occupied  by  as  many  poor:  the  church  is 
fo  placed,  that  fervice  may  be  heard  by  th.ofc 
who  are  confined  to  theii  bed.  Tiic  houfe 
of  orphans  fupports  60  bovs  and  40  girls. 
The  pub);,'  library  is  well  filled;  at  the  top 
is  a  tower,  defigned  for  aftronomical  obfer- 
vations.  The  exchanc^c  is  a  large  Gothic 
bui!ding;_  v  ::T;'ls  are  brought  very  near  it  bv 
means  of  c inais.  Here  thj  merchants  af- 
fembl.  ;  there  arc  bo  -kfellers'  fliops,  maga- 
zines of  cloth,  filk  fliiffs  manufaflured  in  the 
town,  and  other  merchandize.  This  city 
owes  its  prefi^nt  beauty  to  the  fire  of  17:8, 
having  been  rebuilt  in  a  better  ftyle.  The 
new  part  of  the  town,  raifed  by  the  late  king, 
Frederic  V.  is  extremely  beautiful:  it  con- 
lills  of  an  oflagon,  containing  four  uniform 
and  elegant  buildings  of  hewn  ftone,  and  of 
four  broad  ftreets  leading  to  it,  in  oppofite 
direcii.ins.  In  the  middle  of  the  area  llands 
an  equeftrian  flatue of  Frederic  V.  in  bronze, 
as  large  as  life,  which  is  juftly  admired  :  it 
was  caft  at  the  expence  of  the  Eaft-India 
Company,  by  Saly,  and  coft  8o,oool.  fter- 
ling.  In  1534,  Copenhagen  was  feized  by 
Chriftopher  of  Oldenburg,  who  held  it  till 
1536:  it  was  after  a  long  h'ege  taken  by  Cln-if- 
tiern  III. ;  the  garrilbn  was  reduced  to 
great  ftraits,  and  the  people  became  lb  en- 
feebled by  hunger,  that  they  dropt  down 
dead  in  the  ftreets.  In  i8oi,  it  was  bom- 
barded by  the  Britini.  Long.  iz.  i^.  E. 
Lat.  2,s-  41.  N. 

Copenane,  a  river  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Surinam,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  5.  .56.  N. 

Copst,  a  town  and  barony  of  SwifTerland, 
fituated  on  a  lake  of  Geneva,  in  thebailiwic 
of  Nion,  and  canton  of  Bern.  The  caftle 
of  Copet  ftood  an  obftinate  fiege  in  the 
year  1536,  when  the  Bernois  conquered  the 
country  of  Vaud;  it  then  belonged  to  the 
houfe  of  Saluzzo.  It  belonged  lately  to  the 
celebrated  Monf.  Neckar.  The  Duke  of 
Gloucefter  refided  here  fome  time  in  1787. 
4  miles  S.  Nion,  7  N.  Geneva. 
Copi,  fee  Cohi. 

Cojiiapo,  a  river  of  Chili,  v/hich  runs  into 
the  PacificOceanN.  of  the  town  of  Copiapo, 
Copiapo,  a  jurifdidion  of  Chili,  rich  in 
gold  mines,  fituated  in  the  mofl:  northern 
part  of  Chili.  There  are  likewife  mines  of 
iron,  copper,  fulphur,  and  lead  :  the  whole 
foil  is  impregnated  with  fal  gem.  Saltpetre 
is  common.  From  Copiapo  to  Coquimbo 
is  neither  town  or  village. 

Copiapo,  a  feaport  town  of  South-Ame- 
rica, in  Chili,  which  gives  name  to  a  jurif- 
didtioni  140  miles  NNW.  Rioja.  Long. 
j3.  50.  W.  Lat.  a6.  50.  S. 

S  s  % 


c  0  a 

Copi>iJ}}!iiv,  one  of  the  fma'lor  <^rkney 
iflands.     Long.  2  32.  W.  Lcjt.  58.  48.  N. 
Copis,  a  town  of  Mingrelia,  on  the  coaft 
of  th-  nlack  lea.    40  miles  W.  Cotatis,  15 
S.  A':argia. 

CopijJmvg,  a  town  of  nin.'ooftan,  in  Ea- 
har.     12  miles  W.  Bahar. 

Copland  Ijland^  a  finall  ifland  of  Ireland, 
with  a  light-houfe,  near  the  ncrth-cafl  coalt 
of  the  couutyof  Down,  in  the  Jiilh  fea.  11 
miles  ESE.  Carrickfergus.  Long.  5.  24.  W> 
Lat.  54.  39.  N. 

Copnahoiv  Head,  a  cape  on  the  weft  coaft 
of  Skye.  Long.  6.  40.  W.  J, at.  57.  22.  N. 
Coppay,  one  of  the  linaller  Wtilern  ifl.^nds 
of  Scotland.  2  mile?  welt  from  the  ibuth- 
weft  extremity  of  the  ifland  of  Lewis.  Lorg. 
7.  8.  W.  Lat.  57.  49.N. 

Coppenbrugge,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  of  Spiegelberg.  19. m.  SW.  Hanover. . 
Coppi'nivinda,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
bifliopric  of  Wurzburg.     7   miles  SE.  Ge- 
rolthoffen. 

Copper  IJIand,  a  fmall  ifland  in  lake  Supe- 
riour,  near  the  eaft  coaft.  Lo?ig.  85.  20.  W. 
Lat.  47.  21.  N. 

Copper  Jjland,  fee  Midnci. 
Copper  Indians,  Indians  of  North-Ame- 
rica.    Long.  113.  W.  Lat.  67.  N. 

Copperinine  Hills,  hills  of  North-America, 
Long.  112.  W.  Luxt.  68.  30.  N. 

Copper77iine  River,  a  river  of  North-Ame- 
rica, which  runs  into  die  fca,  Long.  iii. 
5.  W.  Lat.  69.  N. 

Ccpperniine  River,  a  river  of  Upper  Ca- 
nada, which  runs  into  lake  Superiour,  Long. 
84.  50.  W.  Lat.  46.  54.  N. 

Copronitza,  atou-n  of  Croatia,  fmall,  but 
fortified.     2  5  miles  S.  Varafdin. 

Coptopjkilly  a  town  of  New-York.  45 
miles  N.  New- York. 

Coq,  (Le,)  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Galam,  on  the  Senegal.  25  miles 
SSW.  Cayar. 

Coqueiros,  a  river  of  Bralil,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,  Lat.  11.  31.  S. 

Coquet, :i  liverofEngland,  in  North  urfiber- 
land, which  runs  intothefca,7m.SE.Alnwic. 
Coquet,  a  fmall  ifland  of  England,  in  the 
German  Ocean,  about  a  mile  in  circumfe- 
rence, near  the  coaft  of  Northumberland. 
It  was  taken  by  the  Scots  in  the  rtign  of 
Charles  I.     Lo7:g.  i.  36.  W.  Lat.  j.?.  13.N. 
Coquit!oca,z\.o\'JTi  oi ^QYM.  75  m.SE.Lipcs. 
Coquivibo,  or   Serena,  a  jwtifdivJtion    of 
South-America,  in  Chili.     The  fertility  and 
beaury  of  the  country  have  induced  many 
families  to  rcfide  there.     The  country  j^ro- 
duces  corn  enough  to  export  annually  lour 
or  five  velTcls  of  400  tons  each   to  Lima. 
There  are  many  mines  of  gold  and  filver. 

Coquimbo,  a  town  of  South-America,  and 
capital  of  a  jurifdicfion  in  Cl.'i',  the  fccond 
town  founded  by  Valdivii,  about  a  quartet 


COR 

of  a  league  from  the  fea,  on  a  river  of  the 
fame  name.  The  ftreets  are  built  in  a  line, 
from  north  to  fouth,  and  eaft  to  weft ;  well 
watered  and  {haded  with  fig-trees,  pahns, 
oranges,  olives,  &c.  always  green.  The 
number  of  houfes  between  two  and  three 
hundred.  It  has  been  plundered  feveral  times 
by  the  Englifh.  lo  ni.  SW.  Rioja.  Long. 
•ji.  i6.  W.  Lat.  19. 1$.  S. 

Cor,  a  town  of  Chinefe  Tartary,  in  the  de- 
fcrtofCobi.  Lof2g.<)T,.i^  E.  Za/.  44.16. N. 

Corat  a  town  of  New  Navarre,  a  10  miles 
S.  Cafa  Grande. 

Cora,  or  Chora,  a  town  of  the  iHand  of 
Samos,  on  the  fite  of  the  ancient  Samos. 
Long.  26.  51.  E.  Lat.  37.  40.  N. 

Cclace,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs  into 
the  gulf  of  Squillace,  4  miles  S.  Beiicaftro. 
Long.  16.  j6.  E.  Lat.  38.  50.  N. 

Coracige,  a  river  of  Syria,  anciently  called 
Kerfeos,  which  runs  into  the  Mediterranean, 
4  miles  S.  Tortofa. 

Corah,  a  circar  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  fu- 
b;ih  of  Allahabad,  bounded  on  the  north  by 
the  Ganges,  which  divides  it  from  Ou(ie, 
on  the  eaft  by  Currah,  on  the  fouth-weft  by 
the  Jumna,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  fubah  of 
Agra;  about  60  miles  long,  and  from  i»  to 
gj  broad.     Corah  is  the  capital. 

Corah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  and  capital 
of  a  circar  of  the  fame  name,  in  the  fubah  of 
Allahabad.  140  miles  SE.  Agra,  90  NW. 
Allahabad.     Lo77g.  80.  43.  E.  Lat.  26.  7.  N. 

Corai,  H  river  of  Georgia,  which  runs  into 
the  Cafpian  fea,  north  of  Tarki. 

Coral  de  Beranca,  a  town  of  South-Ame- 
rica, in  die  province  of  Cordova.  80  miles 
N.  Cordova. 

Coralltwi,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cicacole.     40  m.NE.Rajamundry. 

Cor  ally,  a  town  of  Bengal.  28  miles  E. 
Dacca. 

C'jramhah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Nagpour.  15  miles  NW.  Doefa. 
Long.  84. 50.  E.  Lat.  13.  la.  N. 

Coramhah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.     10  miles  NW.  Bahar. 

Corampour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Ballogiftan.     20  miles  SE.  Dadari. 

Corarupa,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs 
into  the  Atlantic,  Lat.  18.  30.  S. 

Corapani,  a  town  of  Iniiretta,  on  the 
Kione.     35  miles  ESE.  Cotatis. 

Cora/u,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Ximo.     70  miles  N.  Nangalaki. 

Coray,  a  town  of  France,  in  tJie  depart- 
ment of  Finifterre.  12  m.  WNW.  Quimper. 

Coraygongy  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Vifiapour.     iz  miles  E.  Sattarah. 

Ccrazan,  lee  Chorajan, 

Coraztma,  a  town  of  Upper  Siam.  100 
miles  NNE.  Louvo. 

Corbach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
dpaJity  of  Waldeck,  of  which  it  is  Uac  capital. 


COR 

It  was  formerly  Imperial.  In  the  year  T76a» 
the  Hanoverians  were  defeated  bv  the  French 
near  this  town.  12  miles  NVV.  Waldeck, 
7oE.Cologn.    Long.Z.si-^'  Lat.^\.  16. N» 

Corhana,  a  town  on  the  north-weft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Corfica,  in  the  department 
of  the  Golo.  8  miles  NE.  Calvi.  Long. 
9.  3.E.  /,<7if.  42.  31.  N. 

Corhara,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  Um- 
bria.     8  miles  SW.  Todi. 

6V5^r(J,amountain  of  Naples,  inAbruzzo 
Ultra.     8  miles  S.  Squillace. 

Corheck,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Dyle.    5  mijes  S.  Louvain. 

Corbe'd,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  di!T-ri(51,  in  the  department  of  t!ie 
Seine  and  Oife,  fituated  on  buth  fides  of  the 
Seine,  at  its  conflux  with  the  Juine.  It  con-  j 
tains  three  fauxbour^s,  and  four  churches. 
The  principal  trade  is  tanning  leather.  9 
miles  NNW.  Mclun,  i^  S.  Paris.  Long.  •! 
2.  ■},'},•  E.  Lat.  48.  36.  N. 

Corhcilles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loiret.     8  m.  NW.  Montargis. 

Corhelin,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ifere.     30  miles  ESE,  Lyons. 

Corbeny,  or  Corbigny,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Aifne,  widi  a  cele- 
brated church  dedicated  to  St.  Marculf. 
Hither  the  kings  of  France,  afer  their  unc- 
tion, formerly  retired  to  fpend  une  Jieuvaifie^ 
or  nine  days  in  prayer?,  by  which  they  were 
to  receive  the  power  of  curing  the  fcrcphula, 
or  king's  evil.     15  miles  NNW.  Rheinis. 

Corhera,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Valencia.     20  miles  S.  Valencia. 

Corbetta,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Alona.     12  miles  W.  IMilan. 

CorbeCs  Inlet,  an  inlet  in  Honduras  Bay. 
Long.  93.  W.   Lat.  62.  30.  N. 

Corbey,  fee  Corves. 

Corbie,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.  It  was  taken  by  the 
Spaniards  in  1636,  and  retaken  by  Louis 
XH I.  the  fame  year.  Louis  XIV.  difman- 
tled  it  in  1673.  9  miles  E.  Amiens,  18  W. 
Pcronne.  i 

Ccrbieies,  a  town  of  Swi/I'erland,  and  1 
chief  place  of  a  bailiwic,  in  the  canton  of  ' 
Friburg.     10  miles  S.  Friburg. 

Ccrbtcres,  a  valley  of  France,  near  the 
Pyrenees,  celebrated  for  a  vidory  which 
Charles  Mai  tel  obtained  over  the  Saracens. 

Corbigny^  a  town  of  France,  and  princi- 
pal place  of  a  diftridl,  in  the  depaitmeot  of 
the  Nyevre.    27  miles  NE.  Nevers.    Long,     - 
3.  45.E. />^^.  47.  16.  N. 

Corhits,  a  place  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Upper  Saxony,  near  Meiilen,  where 
a  battle  was  fought  in  the  year  1759,  be- 
tween the  PKiflians  and  Imperialifts. 

Corbola,  a  tov/n  of  Italy,  in  the  Polehno 
de  Rovigo.     12  miles  ESF^  Rovigo. 

Corbridge,  a  town  of  England,  in  Nor- 


COR 


COR 


tTiumberhnd,  formerly  a  borough,  fending;  Morcna  and  vaft  plains,  with  flmrp  naked 

members  to  parli;uiient,  with  lor^z  inh,:bi-  rocks,   and  deep  rallies  between.      Fruits 

tants.    It   Wiis  burned  by  the  Scots  in  the  are  abundant,  as  grapes,  olives,  figs,  citrons, 

year  1296,  and  lidTered  fcverely  from  the  ^t^-      Myrtles,  Icntiftcs,  pines,  wild  olives, 

fame  invaders  in  1;,  II,    4  m.  E.  Hexham.  &c.  grow  without  care.    Game  is  abundant, 

t'sr/'j,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lincolnlliire,  with  a  great   number  of  Iheep  and  jjoats, 

with  a  market  on  Thurldays,  and  only  436  The  principal  towns  are  Cordova,  Luccna, 

inhabitants.     17  m.  NE.  Stamford,  107  N.  and  Montilla.    The  principal   river  is  the 

London.     Lo/r^.  i.  ^50.  W.  LaL  52.  50.  N.  Guadalquivir,  which  erodes  it  nearly  in  the 

Corcan,  lee  Jorian.  centre,  from  north-caft  to  Ibuth-well. 

Corcan^c,  fee  Urkonje.  Cordova^wn  ancient  and  rich  city  of  Spain, 

Corcelh;   a  river  of  France,  which  runs  fituated  on  the  Guadalquivir,  about  a  league 

into  the  Arroux,  near  Autun.  from  the   Morena  mountains.    Its  ancient 

Ccrcia,  a  town  of  the  illand  of  Cv'^riica. 


14  miles  NNW.  Corte. 

Ccrc/eux,  a  town  ot  France,  in  the  dcpart- 
mert  of  the  Vofges.     7  m.  SSW.  St.Diey. 

Corcora,  a  town  of  AbyfTinia.  160  miles 
SSE.  Sire. 


name  was  CorJuba;  and  it  is  laid  by  fome  to 
have  been  built  by  Marcellus,  tho'  by  others 
llippoled  to  be  more  ancient.  It  was  cer- 
tainly a  town  of  confideration  under  the  Ro- 
mans;  the  two  Scnecas,  and  the  poet  Lucan, 
were  born  here.    The   bridge  was  built  by 


Corczycz,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala-  the  Moors,  and  is  liipponed  by  16  arches. 
ite  of  Volhynia.  46  m.N.  Conftantinow.  The  ancient  palace  of  the  Moori{h  kings  is 
'Jor^zyn,  or  Kortfjhiri,  a  town  of  Poland,    Jarge  and  beautiful,  but  has  lately  been  con- 


in  the  palatinate  of  Sandomirz,  on  the  Vif- 
tula.     48  miles  WSW.  Sandomirz. 

Corc-zva,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Romania,     la  miles  S.Tergozyl. 

C'jfiieliercs,  mountains  of  South- America; 
fee  eludes, 

Cordesy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tarn.    10  m.  N.  Caillac. 

Cordes  B.iy,  a  bay  in  the  Straits  of  Magel- 
lan, on  the  coall  of  Patagonia.  5  miles  ESE. 
Fortefcue  bay. 

Cordes  Touloujianes,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Upper  Garonne.  30 
miles  NW.  Touloufe. 

Cordejhagen,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Po- 
merania.     10  m.  W.  Coflin. 

CordeJJ},  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart 


verted  into  llables,  in  which  100  Andalu- 
lian  horfes  are  ufually  kept.  In  the  firft 
ages  after  its  foundation,  this  city  po/Tefled 
an  univerfity,  in  which  all  the  Icicnccs  were 
cultivated.  Gallio,  the  orator,  and  many 
other  eminent  men,  ftudied  there.  This  uni. 
yeriity  flouriihed  alfo  under  the  Moors.  It 
is  the  fee  of  a  bilhop;  and  conLiins,  befidcs 
the  cathedral,  16  parith  churches,  36  con- 
vents, i(t  hofpitals,  and  2  colleges.  The 
cathedr.il  church  was  built  by  the  Moors  for 
a  mofqiie,  out  of  the  ruins  of  an  ancient  RoJ 
man  temple.  The  fauxbourgs  are  hand- 
ibmc,  and  large  enough  to  be  taken  for 
towns,     75  miles  NE.  Seville.  Long.  4.  ^o. 

Cordova,  a  province  of  South-America,  in 


ment  of  the  Saoneand  Loire.  6  m.N.  Autun.    the  government  of  Buenos  Ayres,  about  100 


Cordevanpatty,  a  town  of  Hindoolfan,  in 
the  Carnatic.    1?  miles  SW.  Negapatam. 

Cordcvato,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Friuli. 
5  miles  N.  Concordia. 

Cordevol,  a  river  of  Italy,  which  runs  into 
the  Piavo,  between  Belluno  and  Feltri. 

Cordi'j^nano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Tre- 
vifan.     %  miles  E.  Trevigio. 

Cordla,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
government  of  Trebifond,  on  the  Black  fea. 
30  miles  SW.  Trebifond, 

Cordon,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
rear  the  weft  coaft  of  Nicaragua,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  bay  of  Realejo. 

Cordonas,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  6 
miles  SE.  Aviano. 

Cordova,  a  province  of  Spain,  and  once  an 
independent  kingdom,  a  part  of  Andalufia, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Eltramadura  and 
the  countries  of  La  Mancha,  on  the  call  by 


the  country  of  Jaen  and  Grenada,  on  the  1      •      . 

fouth  by  the  province  of  Seville,  and  on  the  vmce  of  Tlafcala.       I  ins  is   the 

weft  by  Seville  and  EftramaJura.  The  coun-  biHiop,   and    cor.tams  about   8co 

try  is  partly  covered  with  the  moun wins  of  There  are  upwards  of   thirty  fugaj-m. Us. 


leagues  in  length,  and  70  in  breadth,  rroiied 
by  feveral  chams  of  mountains,  and  watered 
by  feveral  rivets.  The  principal  town  is 
called  by  the  f  ime  name,  befidcs  which  tlierc 
are  fome  towns  and  villages.  The  inhabi- 
tants feed  a  great  numberof  cattle  and  horlts, 
which  torm  their  principal  trade.  Serpents 
are  numerous;  fome  of  them  are  of  an 
amazing  (ize,  and  exceedingly  dangerous, 
others  are  harmlefs.  This  province  is  but 
little  known. 

Cordova,  a  town  of  South-America,  and 
capital  of  a  province,  to  \ihich  it  gives 
name,  in  the  goveinmciit  of  Bienos  Ayrcs, 
founded,  in  the  year  1550,  by  N  :gncz  P;a- 
do,  and  about  twenty  years  after  ercitcd 
into  a  biihopric.  450  miles  by  tiie  common 
road  NNW.  Buenos  Ayres.  Long.  65. 10. 
W.  Lat.  .ii.  10.  S. 

Cordna,  (Ne^',}  fee  Cumana. 

Cordova,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  p'O. 

fee  of  a 
families. 


COR 


C  O  R 


^o  miles  ESE.  Puebla  de  los  Angelos. 
■Long.  98.  ao.  W.  Lat.  19.  zo.  N. 

Cordova,  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  St.  Martha.  15  miles  S. 
St.  Martha. 

■  Cordovan,  ( Tonver  of,)  a  light-houfe  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Gironde,  on  the  coaft  of 
France. 

Cordo'oato,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Fiiuli,  6 
miles  N.  Concordia. 

Cor^  Bat7k,  a  narrow  ifland  on  the  coaft 
of  North-Carolina,  about  40  miles  long,  and 
harly  a  broad.  Long.  76.  a6.  to  76.  50.  \V. 
Lat,  34.  za.to  34- 55-  N. 

Core  Sound,  a  bay  on  the  coafl  of  North- 
Carolina.     Long.  Tj.  s-  W.  Lat.  34.  38.  N. 
Corca,  a   kingdom  of  Alia,  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Chinefe  Tartary,  on  the  eaft 
by  the  fea  of  Japan,  on  the  fouth  by  a  nar- 
rov/   fea  which   parts  it  from  the  Japanefe 
iftands,  and  on  the  well  by  the  Yellow  fea, 
which  parts  it  from  China.  It  is  a  peninfiiia, 
being  every  where  furrounded  Vv-ith  the  fta 
except  towards  the  north.    This  country 
conOfts   of  eight  provinces,  in  which  are 
found  40  grand  cities  called  kiun ;  2>3  of  the 
iiril  rank,  calledyi«;  58  tckeous,  or  cities  of 
the  fecond  rank;  and  70  of  the  third,  called 
hicn;  beiides  a  great  number  of  fortrefles 
well  garrifoned.     The  northern  part  Oi  Co- 
rea  is  but  barren,  woody,  and  mountainous; 
jnfeired  with  wild  beafts,  and  but  thinly  in- 
habited.    It  produces  neither  rice  or  any 
other  corn  but  barley,  of  which  the  inhabi- 
tants make  a  coaife  kind  of  bread  ;  but  the 
fouthern  divilion  is  rich  and  fertile,  breeds 
great  quantities   of  large  and  fmall  cattle, 
beiides   fowl,   wild   and  tame,    and   great 
variety  of  game  :  it  likewife  produces  lilk, 
flax,  and  cotton,  which   are  manufaflured 
among  them,   except  the   filk  which  they 
know  net  how  to  weave,  but  fend  abroad 
unwrought  either  to  China  or  Japan,  the 
Only  two  countries  they  have  any  commerce 
with.    The  pallage  to  either  is  lliort,  though 
not   equally  eafy  and  fafe   at   all  feafons. 
The  Corean  coafts  are  no  lefs  difficult  of 
accefs,  from  rocks  and  flielves,  which  render 
the  navigation  very  dangerous.     The  Co- 
reans  drive  a  confiderable  trade  with  thofe 
two  neighbouring   countries ;   and   beiides 
the  raw  lilk  above-mentioned,  they  export 
lilver,  lead,  and  fome  other  coarfe  metals  ; 
rich  furs,  which  comjC  from  the  north  parts; 
and   above  all,   the   famed  root  Gin-feng, 
which  gruws   here  in  great  plenty.     It  is 
affirmed  aifo,  tliat  they  have  mines  of  gold, 
that  their  feas  produce  pearls  and  variety  of 
filli,  and  th-at  the  inland  rivers  are  infefted 
with   a   kind   of  crocodile  of  a  monftrous 
length :  they  have  likewife  fome  very  ve- 
nomous fjrpents  m  the  fouthern  parts,  and 
great  vaiieiy  of  wild  beafts  in  the  northern, 
particularly  bears,  wolves,  and  wild  boars. 


They  ufe  their  oxen  for  ploughing,   and 
their  horfes  for  carriage.     The  people  are 
commonly  very  ftout  and  indulh'ous,  bold 
and   warlike,   and  equally  tramed   to  the 
plough  and  to  the  fwordjbredup  to  domeftic 
trades  and  to  navigation,  and  are  generally 
affable  and  civil  to  foreigners.     Their  man- 
ners, cuftoms,  and  religion,  nearly  rtfemble 
thofe  of  the  Chinefe.     Tlie  northern   pro- 
vinces produce  the  floutert  men   and  bell 
foldiers.    The  rich  commonly  have  fur  caps 
and  brocade  clothes  ;   and  the  women  wear 
a  kind  of  lace  on  their  upper  and  under  pet- 
ticoats :  the  men  of  the  higheil  rank,  both 
in  the  northern  and  fouthern  parts,  afieft  to 
appear  in  purple-coloured  lilk,  and  on  pub- 
lic occafions  their  clothri  are  adorned  v;ith 
gold  and  iiiver :  the  learned  are  diftiuguiflied 
by  two  feathers    in    their   caps:    and  the 
whole  nation   in   general  are  well  ihaped, 
fprightly,  and  courteous,  lovers  of  learning, 
and  fond  of  mulic   and  dancing.      Their 
language  is  different  from  the  Chinef:,  or 
rather  a  mixture  of  that  and  the- Mancheu 
Tartar ;  but  they  ufe  the  Chinefe  chiiraders 
in  their  writings  and  books.     They  have 
fome  learned  men  among  them,  who  admire 
the  dodrines  oi'  Confucius,  and  delpile  the 
fuperftitions  of  the  Bonzaic  fett  ;    but  that 
monkilb  tribe  is  very  numerous  all  over  the 
country.    As  for  Chnftianity,  there  is  not 
the  'eaft  appearance  of  its  having  ever  got 
footing   in   this   country,    even    when    the 
million aries    were     in    fuch     high    favour 
with   the  Chinefe  emperor.     The   Corean 
government  is  altogether  monarchical  and 
defpotic,   though  their  king  is  tributary  to 
the  emperors  of  China;  yet  excepting  the 
tribute  and  homage  he  is  obliged  to  pay  to 
them,   he  governs  with  an   ablolute  iway. 
His  council  confiixs  of  the  governors  and 
general  officers,  who  are  obliged  at  proper 
times  to  attend  the  court,  and  to  be  every 
day  within  call :  few  of  them,  except  by 
particular  favour,  hold   their   poits   above 
three  years.     He  fuffers  no  graudtes  to  liold 
cities  or  towns,  or  even  villages,  by  right  of 
inheritance,  but  only  during  tlieir  lives,  after 
which  they  are  returned   to  him.     Ki-tfe, 
one  of  their  firll  monarchs,  compiled  a  fet 
of  laws  out  of  the  Chinefe  fliu-king,  which 
he  caufed  to  be  publiOied  hi  his  new  king- 
dom ;  and  they  had   fo  good  an  effeft  on 
his  liibjecfis,  that   theft  and  adultery  v.'ere 
hardly  known  among  them;  and  they  have 
Imce  undergone  many  revolutions,   but  are 
much  degenerated  from  that  purity  of  mo- 
rals.    Their  houfes  have  but  one  llory,  and 
are  very  plain  and  thatched;  they  have  no 
beds,  but  lie  on  mats.     They  ufe  plates  and 
dilhes,  and  moft  of  their  furniture  is  plain  ; 
they  are  moderate  in  eating  and  drinking, 
and  commonly  healthy :  their  wine  is  made 
of  a  grain  called  paniz,  which  is  faid  to  be 


COR 

a"  coarfer  kind  of  rice.  Little  can  be  f.iid 
concerning  the  origin  and  anticiuity  of  the 
Coreans,  except  that  it  is  as  dark,  impene- 
trable, and  (then"  own  account  of  it)as  fabu- 
lous and  abfurd  as  that  of  any  other  ealtern 
nation  :  they  are,  however,  allowed  by  molt 
Europeans  to  be  of  Tartarian  extraift,  and 
their  country  to  have  anciently  been  inha- 
bited by  various  tribes  of  that  nation.  They 
were  at  firft  governed  by  their  refpe(5live 
princes,  till  in  procefs  of  tinte  tiiey  all  coa- 
lefced  into  one  kingdom,  and  were  at  length 
fubdued  by  the  Chinefe.  Corea  extends 
from  north  to  fouth  abour.  500  miles,  and 
3CO  wide  from  eaft  to  weft. 

Cored,  a  town  of  Egypt,  fituated  in  a  fer- 
tile country,  furrounded  with  gardens,  and 
defended  by  a  caftle,butof  nogreat  flrength, 
as  the  wall  is  of  earth,  and  the  gates  deftitute 
offaftening.     15  m.  NE.  Belbeis. 

CorL"^lio,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  Lucca, 
ij  miles  N.  Lucca. 

Corella,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  N;!varre,  on 
the  Alhama.  8  m.W.Tudela,38  S.Pamplona. 
Corelly,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Guze- 
rat.     14  miles  N.  Amood. 

Coreiia,  a  river  of  Bralil,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Z-^/.  22.55.  S 

Coreiidelini  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Soleure.     10  miles  N.  Soleurc. 

Cyrera,  a  tov/n  of  liindooltan,  in  Guzerat. 
15  miles  WNW.  Junagur. 

Corf-cajilc,  a. town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Dorfet,  fituated  in  the  centre  of 
what  is  called  the  Ifle  of  Purbeck,  governed 
by  a  mayor  and  barons,  who  claim  the 
fame  privileges  as  the  Cinque  Ports.  It 
takes  its  name  from  a  caftle,  faid  to  have 
been  built  by  King  Edgar,  now  in  ruins. 
Here  Edward  king  of  England,  called  the 
Martyr,  was  murdered  by  order  of  Elfrida, 
to  obtain  the  crown  for  her  fon  Ethelred. 
It  fends  two  members  to  parliament.  In 
1801,  the  population  was  1344?  of  which 
750  were  employed  in  trade  and  manufac- 
tures. The  market  is  on  Tuelday.  18  m. 
SSW.  Poole,  and  iii  W.  London.  LoJig. 
2.  6.  W.  Lat.so.  38. 

Corfu,  an  ifland  of  the  Mediterranean,  at 
th2  mouth  of  the  Adriatic,  near  the  coaft  of 
Albania,  about  45  miles  long,  and  24  wide; 
anciently  known  under  the  names  of  Sche- 
ria,  Ph^acia,  Corcyra,  and  Drcpano.  In 
the  bell:  days  of  Greece,  the  Corcyrians 
formed  a  powerful  republic;  in  fucceeding 
times  it  belonged  to  the  king  of  Naples; 
afterwards  fold  for  30,000  ducats  to  the  Ve- 
netians, who  maintained  a  fleet  of  gallies  in 
the  port,  and  a  ftrong  garrifon  to  defend 
this  and  the  neighbouring  iflands.  This 
iQajid  contains  above  jo,ooo  fouls,  and  is 
divided  into  four  bailiv/ics  or  governments. 
The  air  is  healthy,  the  land  fertile,  and  the 
ffait  excellent.    Or;inges,  citrons,  the  moil 


COR 

delicious  grapes,  honey,  wax,  and  oil,  are 
cxceedmgly  abundant.  There  arc  fome 
places  mountainous  and  barren,  and  good 
water  is  fcarce.  Salt  forms  a  great  pait  of 
its  riches.  The  capital  ha?  always  borne 
the  name  of  the  ifland.  This  illand  was 
taken  by  the  French,  and  given  to  them  by 
the  treaty  of  Cami)o  Formio.  In  Maicfi 
1799,  it  was  taken  from  them  by  the  Kuf- 
lians  and  Turks,  and  united  with  Cephaln- 
nia,  Zantc,  &c.  to  form  a  republic  under 
the  denomination  of  the  Seven  Iflands. 
Long,  21.  20.  E.  La!.  39.  40.  N. 

Corfu,  the  capital  of  the  ifland  of  the 
fame  name,  the  feat  of  a  bailiff,  a  provedi- 
tor,  a  captain,  &:c.  and  the  fee  of  an  arch- 
bilhjp.  It  is  fortifii-'d,  and  defended  by 
tv/o  fortreflcs  ;  it  has  a  good  harbour,  and 
the  town  has  a  coniidcrable  degree  of  trade. 
Lojig.  21.  1. 1:.  Lat.  39.  38.  N. 

Corgia,  a  town   of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Serio.  13  m.  NNW.  Bergamo. 
Corgii,  fee  Coorga. 

Corgoim,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Cote  d'Or.     5  m.N.  Bcaunc. 

Corl,  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the  Cam- 
pagna  di  Roma.     10  niilc?  S.  Paleitrino. 

Cori,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Mewali. 
12  miles  NE.  Macherry. 

Ccria,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Eftramadura, 
on  the  Alagon,  thefeeof  a  bifhop.  It  con- 
tains two  churches,  two  convents,  and  two 
hofpitals ;  near  it  are  medicinal  fprings. 
90  miles  VV.  Toledo,  no  WSW.  Madrid. 
Long.  6. 16.  W.  Lat.  39.  56.  N. 

Coria,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  country  of 
Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir.    7  m.  Seville. 
Coria,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Beira.     16  m.  SE.  Pefquiera. 

Coriaco,  a  town  of  Sourh-America,  in  the 
province  of  Cumana,  on  a  gulf  to  which  it 
gives  name.    40  m.  E.  New  Cordova. 

Coriahgtwge,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in 
Dooab.    45  m.  WNW.  Pattiary. 

Corian,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province 
of  Chorafan.     30  miles  W.  Herat.  _ 

Coriderva,  a  rock,  fituated  two  miles  S  W. 

Ha,  one  of  the  wellern  iflands  of  Scotland. 

Corigliar.o,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 

Citra.  2  3  miles  NNE.  Cofenza.    Long.  16. 

43.  E.  A^/.39-:^7-N.  . 

Congliano,  a  town  of  Naplc?,  m  the  pro- 
vince of  Otranto.  10  ni.  W.  Otr.into. 
Long.  18.  19.  E.  Z,^/.  40.  3C.  N. 

Cor'nnha,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  tlie  ifland 
of  Loanda. 

Cor'tnipo,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Mayo.     24  ni.  NF.  Santa  Cru/. 
CorinatUu'i,   a  towii   of  Ilindooftan,  in 
Coimbctorc.     18  miles ENE.Coimbctorc. 

Corinza,  a  tov/n  of  Hindoollan,  m  tlie  cir- 

carof  Rajamundry.  28  m.SE.  Rajamundry. 

Corinth,  or  Ccrinto,  ox  Coranto,  a  town 

of  Greece,  in  the  Morca,  lituated  near  a 


icon 

ritrrow  ifthmus  to  which  it  gives  name,  and 
which  joins  the  M)reato  the  reft  of  Greece; 
between  the  gulf  of  Lepanto  and  that  of" 
Engia,  faid  to  have  been  foun  led  by  Sify- 
phus.     It  was  fQimerly  a  powerful  city,  till 
it  was  totally  deftroyed  and  burnt  by  Mum- 
mius,  the  Roman  conful.     The  riches  found 
iji  t'.e  city  were  immenfe,  and  the  metals 
rncltedandmix'^d  togeiiier  by  the  fire  formed 
what  was  called  Corinthian  brafs  ;  this  hap- 
pened in  the    year    146    before   Christ. 
■The  temple  of  Venus  pofTefled  above  a  thou- 
fan :'.  female  fli.ves  as  courtezans.   The  port 
in  the  Sarin.c  gulf  was  called  Cenchrea ; 
that   lowardt,  Italy  was   called  Lechseum. 
C  jr'ij  h  is  the  fee  of  an  archbifhi.p,  the  walls 
are  ruppuift;d  to  'be  ib^ut  two  nnles  in  cii  - 
cumfei  ence.    There  are  but  few  ir.onuments 
of  Grecian  or  of  Roman  l.'endmr;   the 
principal  remains  are  at  the  fouth-weft  cor- 
ner '>i  the  town ;  and  above  the  bazar  or 
market  aie  eleven  columns  fupporting  '.heir 
architraves,  of  the  Doric  order,  fluted,  and 
wanting  in   height  near  half  tlie  common 
proportion  to  the  diameter.     Within  them, 
towards  the  well:  end,  is  one  taller,  not  en- 
tire, which  it  is  likely  contributed  to  fupport 
the  roof;    they  are  of  itone,  not  marble. 
During  the  Peloponuefian   war  a  wall  was 
built  acrofs  the  ilthmus  of  Corinth  from  fea 
to  f;a,  reaching  about  live  miles.     It  was 
repaired  under  the  Greek  emperors.    In  the 
year  1451,  it  was  ordered  to  be  deftroyed 
by  Mahomet  II.      In  the  war  between  the 
Turks   and  Ve  ictians    in  the    year    1463, 
it  was  attempted    to   be   repaired  by   the 
latter,  but   ab..ndoned.    By    an    article  of 
peace  concluded   in  the  year  1698,  it  was 
made  the  common  boundary  of  the  Turkiih 
and  Venetian  dominions.     The  temple    of 
the   Iithrnian    Neptune  was   fiiuated   nrar 
Schoenus.     Julius   Caelar   en  leavou^ed    to 
reft  re  it  to  its  former  grandeur,  and  fent 
thither  a  colony;  to  whoni  Si.Paul  p-eaclicd, 
and  wrote  his   two   epifUes.      Under   the 
Ei>rern  emperors,  it  was  the  fee  of  an  a.ich- 
bifhop,  fubjeft  to  the:  patriarch  of  Conttan- 
tinople.      Roger  king   of  Naples   became 
pclTefled  of  it    in  the  tiapire  of  Em  ;nuel. 
It   had   afterwards   fovereigns   of  its  own, 
who  ceded  ir  to  the  Venetia'^s,  trom  whom 
it  was  taken  by  Mahomet  li-  in  the  year 
T4';8.     The  Venetians  retook  it  in  1687, 
and  held  it  till  the  year   1715,  when  tliey 
loft  it  to  the  Turks,   in  whoi'e  hands  ;•-  iias 
remained  ever  fince.     The  town  at  prefent 
contains   about   1300   or  1400  inhabitants; 
each   h  lule    has    a   garder.,    planted   with 
orange  and  other  fruit-Lrees.     46  niiks  E. 
Athens,  34a  SW.    Conftantinople.     Long. 
az.  53.  E.  Lai.  38.  6.  N. 

Coriora,  a  town  cf  Brafil,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Goyas,  on  the  Tocantin  river.  100 
miles  NE.  Viilaboa.    Lut.  ij.  ja.  S. 


COR 

Cor'tfco  IJIands,  two  illands  in  the  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  near  the  coaft  of  Guinea,  belong- 
ing to  B.;nin  ;  fo  named  from  the  violent 
thunder  and  lightning  which  the  firft  diico- 
verers  met  with  here.  One  is  caUed  Great, 
and  the  other  Little  Corilco  :  the  iargeft  is 
coveted  with  trees.  The  inhabitants  are 
negroes ;  few  in  number,  and  governed  by 
a  chief.  A  Dutch  fetdement  was  attempted, 
but  it  did  not  fucceed,  through  th*;  unwhole- 
fomenefs  of  the  climate.     Lat.  i.  10.  N. 

Cori fa,  mown  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  I. eon.     17  miles  SSW.  Leon. 

Coritachittyi  a  tnvn  of  Kindooftan,  in  the 
CariiHtic.     26  miles  E.  Taijore. 

Coritapstty,  a  town  of  Hindcoftan,  in 
Dindigul.     13  miles  E.  Ootampale.im. 

Cork,  a  count-,  of  Ireland,  formerly  a 
kingdom,  boundvd  on  the  north  by  the 
county  of  Limerick,  on  the  eaft  by  the 
Counties  of  Tipperary  ar.d  V\"\terford,  on 
the  fcuth-fouth-eaft  and  fourh-w>;ft  t.-^  the 
fea,  and  on  the  weft  by  the  county  of  Kerry; 
99  Engliili  miles  in  length,  and  71  in  breB'ith. 
It  contains  269  parifnes,  16,-]:/^  houfes,  and 
416,000  fouls.  The  county  contains  more 
foil  that  is  good  than  is  bad,  and  fome 
parts  ui-  the  county  are  highly  cultivated ; 
the  whole  is  hilly,  and,  a  few  places  ex- 
cepted, barren  of  timber.  The  principal 
towns  are  Cork;  Kintjale,  Youghal,  Mallow, 
Doneraile,  and  Bandon-bridge  ;  the  psinci- 
pal  rivers  are  Bandon,  Blackwater,  and  Lee. 
The  towns  which  recurn  p-.enibers  to  the 
Imperial  parliament  are  Cork,  Bandon- 
bridge,  Kinfale,  Mallow,  and  Youghall  ; 
the  county  itielf  fends  tv/o. 

Cork,  a  City  of  Ireland,  and  capital  of  a 
county  of  the  fame  name,  the  fee  of  a  bidiop, 
united,  vrith  Rofs,i'uffragau  of  the  archbilhop 
of  Caihel,  fituated  on  an  ifland  in  the  river 
Lee,  with  two  large  ftone  bridges  over  the 
principal  branches  of  the  river.  The  tov/n 
has  been  fo  much  improved  and  euiaiged, 
tha:  it  is  now  above  thrice  as  large  as  for- 
merly, and  its  commerce  increafed  in  pro- 
portion. Several  broad  ftreets  have  been 
lately  added,  by  filling  up  the  canals  that 
formerly  ran  thiough  them.  TheEail  of 
Marlborough  beiieged  and  took  this  town 
from  King  James's  army,  ui  1690,  when 
the  Duke  of  Grafton,  v/lio  leived  as  a  vo- 
luntee' ,  was  killed  in  the  attack.  It  contains 
about  8600  houles,  and  Sc.ooo  inhabitants, 
and  has  twelve  companie^  of  foot  in  the 
barracks.  The  annual  revenue  of  the  city 
amounts  to  1300I.  out  of  which  the  mayor 
has  a  falaiy  of  500!.  Its  wealth  arifes  from 
the  capacious  and  commodious  haven  called 
the  Cove,  one  of  the  beft  in  tht  world  : 
the  entrance  faf^,  in  which  any  number  of 
(hips  may  ride  f'ecure  from  every  wind. 
Twelve  hundred  veflels  have  reforted  here 
in  a  year  in  time  of  peace,  and  it  is  de- 


COR 

fended  by  a  fort  in  the  great  ifland.  Ships 
from  all  nations  vidtiial  here.  Vcllbls  of 
1 20  tons  may  come  up  to  the  quay,  but 
thofe  of  burden  unload  at  PalTage,  6  miles 
from  Cork.  The  exportation,  the  largeft 
in  the  kingdom,  corhfts  chiefly  of  beef, 
liides,  butter,  tallow,  ar,d  other  pruvilions. 
Here  aie  two  miod  niodern  hofpitais  for 
pc^r  beys,  befides  alms-houfes,  Ichools,  an 
infiimary,  exchange,  and  culfom-houfe ; 
uhich,  as  \v?l!  iS  ih-  other  public  buildings, 
and  walics.  are  no  grca-L «  ;  nament  to  the  city. 
The  'v  ''l',s  are  old,  and  far  frnr,  ^iegant  in 
their  appe.inimc,  except  on  *1  en'^w  quays, 
and  ll  '•  c'lv  is  rui;i.jy  compofed  oflar.es,  in- 
terfe  ing  t'j  ftricts  at  right  ^-igle?.  Cork 
is  governed  by  a  mavor,  fhenll's,  and  cfjm- 
rv;n  counci  ;  and  returns  two  incmbers  to 
the  Imperial  parliam-  li.  On  ihe  igtti  of 
June  179S,  tlie  infiu^cnts  were  dtftated 
near  this  luwn,  by  thj  Caithnefs  fencibles, 
xviih  the  k'fs  of  ICO  men.  120  miles  SW. 
Dublin.     Lojig.  8.  -o.  VV.  Lat.  5!.54.N. 

Corker  Key,  a  imall  ifland  in  thu  bay  of 
Ilonc'i  -rns,  near  the  craft  of  Mexico.  Long. 
S8.  44  W.  Lat.  18.10.  N. 

Corkhi's  CrcX'k,  a  rivulet  of  the  ftate  of 
Pennfv'vania,  which  runs  into  the  Delaware, 
L'Hi^.  -,5.1c  W.   Lat. 41.  I'l.  N. 

Con'i/y,  a  town  i  1  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  die  North  Coalls.  i^  miles  NW. 
Loudea^'. 

Corlwg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Pcmerania,  on  the  Perfante.  It  has  con- 
lid-,,  'le  V.  ooDen  manufaftures,  and  is  tlic 
chiet  plac  of  a  b;i.iliwic.  14  ni.  SE.  Colberg, 
36E.Car,imir.    .l.cz?^.  ij.45.E.iv^/.  54.2.N. 

Corjiia?7tin,  [Great,)  a  town  ol  Africa,  on 
the  Goiu  Coalt,  in  the  territoi  y  tf  PdUtin  : 
iar^e  and  populous,  containing  1200  men, 
who  arj  all  traders  or  fifaermen.  Here  the 
Di'tch  !..ive  a  fort,  whica  was  ta'^cn  by  the 
Eijgiiihin  iLfjK.  Long.  i.8.E.  Lat.S'S-^- 

Cornianti;  .yLiitleJ  a  to'vn  of  Africa,  on 
the  Gold  Coaft,  where  theDutch  have  a  fort, 
4  miles  WSV7.  Great  Cormantin. 

Cormat,  a  to-.vn  of  Perda,  in  Lariftan.  50 
miles  ESE.  Lar. 

Connatin,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Curdif- 
tan.  Here  Timur  Bee  was  killed  by  an  ar- 
row, fliot  fr.,in  the  wails  as  he  was  viewing 
the  pi  'ce.  The  fortrtfs  wasfoon  taken  and 
demoiifiied,and  the  garrif.oputtothefword. 

Conmilles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partmtr.t  of  tlic  Oife.  4  m.  WNW.  Brcteuil. 

Cor7?!eille(,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure.     9  ni,  NNE.  Liiieux. 

Corrnery,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Indrc  and  Loire.  7  miles 
SE.  Tours. 

Connia,  a  river  of  Etruria,  which  runs 
into  the  Mediterranean,  near  Piombino. 

Cor  inky  ,■&.  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partrnvot  of  the  Marne.  lom.NW.  Hhcims. 


COR 

Cormolain,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlic  de- 
partment of  the  Calvados.  10  miles  SSW. 
Bayeux. 

Ccnnons,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
countv  of  Goritz.  7  miles  SW.  Giiritz,  i% 
SE.Udina. 

Connor aridiire,  a  fmall  ifl.md  in  the  ftraits 
of  Magellan,  near  the  coafl:  of  Terra  del 
Fiieg),  which  forms  a  bay.  10  miks  NVV. 
Beau;)afrin. 

Corn  IJJands,  fee  Manglarej. 

Coma,  or  Korna,  or  Come,  a  town  of  the 
Aiabian  Iiak,  lituatcd  at  the  union  of  the 
Tigris  and  Tup!. lates,  on  thn i  f;xn  'Ahtre 
Ionic  learned  men  have  *.ixed  tlie  garden  of 
Eden.  It  is  only  a  fr.i.,11  mean  pl,«ce,  llir- 
rounded  with  a  mud  wall,  and  contuining 
but  few  inhabitants.  60  n.ile^  NW.Bafloia. 
Lotig.  46.  38.  E.  Lat.  ;o.  50.  N. 

Cor?iagc,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caftilc, 
13  miles  S.  Calahorra. 

Ccmaka,  or  Coniacha,  a  fmall  barren 
ifland  in  the  Red  fea,  near  thccoaif  of  Nu- 
bia, about  two  miles  in  circumference.  The 
fhape  has  b.-en  compared  to  a  lizard  with 
its  legs  fprawling  out.     Lat.  23.  36.  N. 

Cornaletto,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Po.  12  miles  NVV. 
Cremona. 

Cornau,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
county  ofDiepholz.    6  miles  N.  Diepholz. 

Come  Ijland,  an  ifland,  tun  niik-s  long, 
and  one  wide,  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  near 
the  coaft  of  Weft-Florida.  Long,  88.  32. 
W.  Lat.%0.  II.  N. 

Come,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  7  miles  E. 
Angers. 

Come  Roy  a!,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Lo  wer  Charente.  7  miles 
W.  Saintes. 

Cornegliano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Pa r- 
mefan.     12  miles  SW.  Parma. 

Ccrneg/iano,  a.town  of  Italy,  in  theTrc- 
vifim.     12  m.  N.  Trevigio,  35  SW.  Udina. 

Corru'illan,  a  town  ot  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Landes.     5  miles  S.  Aire. 

Comeille,  La,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
depr.rtmentof  the  Orne.  12  .v..  SW.  Falailc. 

Cornero,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Adda  and  Oglio.  a  miles  N. 
Breno. 

Corneto,  a  town  of  tlic  Popedom,  in  the 
Patrimonio,  on  theM.iita,  near  its  mouth, 
the  lee  of  a  bifliop,  imini.diately  held  from 
the  Pope,  and  united  with  the  fee  of  Mo.ite 
Fialcone.  38  miles  NW.  Rome.  Long.  11. 
48.  E.  Lat.  42.  15.  N. 

Cornelia,  a  town  of  Pcrfia,  in  the  province 
of  Irak.     80  miles  E.  lipaliao. 

Comigliano,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Tanaio.  5  m.  WN  W.  Alba. 

Comigliano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Serio.     ij  niiles  E.  Milan. 


COR 

•  C'':'r;;/7//i7,  atownof  Genoa.    5  miles  S^tT". 
Spezza. 

CornHlofj,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Gard.  7  miles  S  W.  Pont 
St.  Efprit, 

Cornhnonty  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Vofges.  9  miles  E.  Re- 
mircmont.. 

Cornito,--^  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Citra.     7  miles  SSW.  Cangiano. 

Cornlto,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Bafilicata. 
15  miles  SSE.  Potenza. 

Conio,  a  mountain  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     12  miles  NE.  Aquila. 

Cornogaly  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Ceylon, 
30  miles  NNVv''.  Candi. 

CornrAcda,  a  town  of  Italy.  16  miles 
N.  Beigamo. 

Cormm,  or  Carnon,  a  river  of  Lower 
Siam,  which  luns  into  the  gulf  of  Siara, 
.Long.  100.  20.  E.  Lat.  8.  43.  N. 

Cc'i-iwvi,  or  Puh  Corno7?!,  an  ifland  in  the 
gulf,  near  the  eaft  coalt  of  Lower  Siam, about 
•^o  miles  in  circumference.  Long.  100. 13. 
E.  Z.7^.9.53.  N. 

Cornomciiay  a  town  of  Italy.  18  miles 
N.  Bergamo. 

•  Corn.oih'ii Hl's ,ht^ort  the  revolution  a  coun- 
try of  France,  in  Bretagne. 

Cornfis,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Sardinia. 
iS  miles  SE.Bofa. 

Cormu,  a  towa  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lot.     10  miles  E.  Cahors. 

Cornus,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
Kiait  of  the  Aveiron.  14  m.  E.  St.  Afrique. 
Corn^coall,  the  moft  wefterly  county 
of  England,  almoll:  an  ifland,  being  fur- 
rounded  on  all  iides  by  the  lea,  except  to- 
wards tlie  eafr,  where  it  is  bounded  by  the 
county  ot  Devon  for  the  length  of  43  miles 
from  north  to  fouth.  From  this  boundary 
to  the  wellwavd,  the  land  continually  de- 
creafes  in  breadth,  forming  itfeif  into  a 
figure  refembling  a  cornucopia  ;  having  the 
Brifliol  Channel  on  the  north,  and  the  Eng- 
\^h.  Channel  on  the  fouth,  both  feas  meet- 
ing in  a  manner  in  a  point,  at  the  promon- 
tory called  the  Land's  End,  on  the  weft.  In 
fome  places  it  is  almoft  18  miles  acrofs ; 
in  others,  about  13  ;  and  in  fome  not  more 
than  5.  The  whole  length  is  about  78  miles. 
It  contains  nine  hundreds,  201  pariihes,  and 
758,484  acres.  The  land,  ftretching  itfeif 
out  in  the  form  of  a  narrow  peninfula,  is 
high  and  mountainous  in  the  center,  and 
declines  towards  the  jea  on  each  hde.  On 
tiie  fea-fnores  and  the  i-allies,  near  the  banks 
ot  the  great  rivers,  are  the  cliief  and  alnioft 
only fcatsof cultivation.  Thehigher grounds 
exhibit  in  many  parts  the  appearance  of 
a  dreary  wafte.  In  the  vallicK,  on  the  fea 
coails  and  great  rivers,  and  in  ahnolf  all 
the  low  and  flat  grounds  in  more  inland 
fituations,  are  to  be  found,  llrata  of  marl, 


COR 

rich  loams,  and  clays,  which,  being  alter- 
nately intermixed,  and  with  poorer  foils, 
afford  an  extenlive  field  to  the  induftry  of 
the  inhabitants.  Xbe  mines  of  Cornwall 
conlift  chiefly  of  tin,  copper,  and  fome  lead. 
The  flrata  in  which  theie  metals  are  found, 
extend  from  the  Land's  End,  in 'a  diredion 
from  wefl:  to  eaft,  a  very  confiderable  dif- 
tance  into  the  county  of  Devon,  to  the  far- 
theft  part  of  the  Dartmoor  hills.  This  ex- 
tenlive range  forms  the  high  ground  in  the 
middle  of  Cornwall,  from  which  the  wind, 
rain,  a r.d  ftorms,  have  waflied  much  of  the 
vegetable  earth  to  enrich  the  vallies,  and  in 
which -they  h.ave  been  aided  by  the  opera- 
tions of  "he  miners.  Formerly  immenfe 
quantities  of  tin  were  found  in  the  county  of 
Devon,  and  in  the  eafrern  part  of  Cornwall; 
but  at  prefent  the  chief  feat  of  mining  lies 
to  the  weftward  of  Saint  Auftle.  From 
hence  to  the  Land's  End,  the  principal 
mines  are  to  be  found  in  various  flrr.ta,  ex- 
tending along  the  northern  coaft',  l:eeping 
a  breadth  of  about  leven  miles.  The  an- 
nua! produce  of  tin  for  feven  years,  from 
1786  to  1792,  both  incluflve,  has  been  about 
23,000  blocks,  amounting  to  nearly  to  lol. 
los.  per  block,  excluiive  of  duties,  in  the 
whole  affording  a  produce  of  330,0001. 
From  the  ftream  ore  is  produced  generally 
what  is  called  grain  tin,  amounting  to  5  or 
600  blocks  per  quarter,  and  fometimes  more : 
the  fuperior  price  of  this  tin  above  the 
common  tin,  at  different  time?,  has  been 
from  4I.  to  12I.  per  hundred  weight.  Native 
gold  has  been  found  in  fome  ftream  works, 
and  alio,  but  more  minutely,  blended  in 
fome  mines  of  tin.  The  produce  of  the 
whole  of  the  copper  mines  amounts  to  about 
40,000  tons  of  ore,  yielding  on  an  average 
about  eleven  three-fourths  in  tlie  hundred  ; 
and  confcquently  producing  about  4700  tons 
of  copper.  The  greateft  part  of  the  copper 
ores  are  fent  out  of  the  county  to  be  fmelted, 
and  the  price  is  very  variable ;  but  taking 
the  ore  at  8l.  per  ton,  the  produce  of  the 
copper  mines  will  amount  annually  to  about 
32o,ocol.  There  arc  alfo  fome  lead  mines 
in  different  parts  of  the  county,  but  they 
are  not  much  worked  at  prefent,  nor  is  their 
produce  great,  although  the  ores  in  general, 
it  is  laid,  produce  a  pretty  cooiiderable  pro- 
portion of  filver.  Of  iron  ore  there  is  abun- 
dance in  many  parts  of  the  county ;  but 
there  are  no  mines  of  this  ore  which  have 
been  much  worked.  Many  tons  hav?-  indeed 
been  lately  fent  to  Wales,  which  the  pro- 
prietors fay  is  fo  rich  that  they  have  not 
been  able  to  find  out  a  proper  flux  for  it. 
Probably  the  ore  they  received  has  not  been 
properly  analyfed.  Some  ftate  the  number 
of  men  employed  in  the  mines  at  22,000  ; 
others  at  not  above  9000  ;  but  including  the 
ilrcamers,  who  are  a  diftind  bcdv  from  the 


COR 

mitr^r^,  the  number  of  men,  women,  and 
chiidi^n  employed  in  railing  the  ore,  waili- 
ing,  Ham  ping,  and  carrying  it,  will  probu- 
bly  amoaiiL  to  x6,ooo.  In  Cornwall,  the  air 
is  milder  in  winter  th;^n  in  the  more  internal 
parts  of  England,  and  cooler  in  the  fumnici 
months.  From  it--  bjing  open  to  the  vail 
Atlantic  Ocean,  wiiliout  tiie  intervention  of 
any  land  almo!l  to  the  coad  of  Amt^rica,  it 
receives  the  whoL-  force  of  the  foutSi-weft 
wincir,  wlii.  h  are  remarked  to  blow  in  gene- 
•ral  tl'.roughout  Great-Briain  four-fifths  of 
the  year.  The  air  is  thereby  more  full  of 
moifture,  and  t'lcqjently,  fubjedt  to  fogs,  but 
they  are  not  uniiealtliy.  Tne  winters  are 
very  open,  and  there  are  but  fjw  in  which 
gentknicu  are  able  to  procure  ice  to  fill  their 
ice-houfes.  From  the  prevalence  of  the 
fouth-welt  winds  alfo  it  is  very  difficult  to 
raile  plantations  of  trees  in  c\pofed  litua- 
tions  ;  and  it  is  only  in  iheltered  vales  where 
any  remains  of  the  ancient  natural  woods 
are  to  be  found;  although  there  is  no  doubt 
that  this  country,  as  well  as  thegreate-!-  part 
of  all  continents  and  iflands,  has  .iriginaiiy 
been  covered  with  wood.  Myrtles  grow 
every  v/liere  i.;  the  open  air,  widioi.c  tlie 
aid  oi  grccn-houfjs,  both  in  this  county  and 
Devonlhire,  particularly  on  the  fouthern 
coafts.  Many  other  tender  green-houfe 
plants  are  to  be  fe;n  in  the  open  air,  in  the 
gardens  of  the  curious.  Fruit-trees  are  every 
where  found  to  thrive,  particularly  the  ap- 
ple; and  in  the  eaftern  part  of  the  county  a 
great  deal  of  cider  is  made,  and  of  very  good 
quality ;  but  very  little  is  produced  to  the 
well:  of  Truro.  The  mulberry-tree  iiouriihes 
well  in  Cornwall  in  the  weifern  parts,  and 
the  fruit  ripens  in  perfedion.  Cornwall 
returns  44  members  to  parliament,  viz.  two 
for  the  county,  and  two  each  for  the  follow- 
ing boroughs  :  Bodmyn,  Bolliney,  Calling- 
ton,  Camelford,  Fowey,  Gfampound,  Hel- 
ftor,  Launcefton  orDunhevcd,  Liflceard  or 
Lifl^erret,  Ealf-Looe,  We!i-Looe  or  Port- 
pigham,  Loifwithiel,  Mitchell  or  Midlholl, 
Newport,  Penrhyn,  Saint  Germain's,  Saint 
Ive's,  Saint  Mawe's,  SaltaHi,  Treg  .ny,  and 
Truro.  In  i8ci,the  population  vv'as  188,269, 
of  which  2487  were  empioyed  in  trade  and 
xnanufidlurcs,  and  42)687  in  agriculture. 

Cor/i'^jjall,  a  town    of  tlie  Ihitc  of  Con- 
nefficut.     30  miles  W.  Hertford. 

-Cornivall,  Ne-x,  a  countryin  the  wcftern 
part  of  Nortli-Amcrica,  bordering  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  (ituated  to  the  north-north- 
weft  of  New  Hanover,  extending  from 
Gardner's  Canal,  Lat.  5-^.  15.  to  Frederick's 
Sound,  57.  5.  N.  On  this  coaft  are  found 
the  Pr-ince  of  Wales's  Archipelago,  Q_ieen 
Charlotte's  Iflands, Pitt's  Archipelago,  Duke 
of  York's  Iflands,  ifland  of  Reviha  Gigedo, 
and  innumerable  other  hiialler  ones. 

Connvallis,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of 


COR 

Nova  Scotia.  42  miles  NW.  Halifax.  Lciip; 
64. 15-  VV.  Lar.  45. 10.  N. 

Cornivell,  a  town  of  the  rtate  of  Ver'nont. 
15  miles  S.  Newhaven. 

C^;;;)',  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mofelle.     7  miles  S.  Met/.. 

Corn,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
provmce  of  Popayan.    105  ni.  SE.  Popayan. 

Cor  y  lee  Vtiwzuela. 

Coroa,  fli  <als  in  the  Indian  fca,  nc  r  the 
coafl  of  Africa.  15  miles  S VV.  the  ifland  of 
Pemba. 

Coroa  dc  M-jma,  Hioals  in  the  Indian  fea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Africa.  iL<//.  16.50.  S. 

Coroa  do  St.  ylfttonio,  flioals  in  the  Indian 
fea,  near  the  coaft  of  Africa.     I,at.  16.  5.  S. 

Corclgotcby,  a  town  of  Bengal!  15  miles 
ENE.  Kifhenagur, 

Corolladuy  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  province  of  Caraccas,  10  miles  N.Leon 
de  Caracca. 

Corowamid,  (C',aJ}of,)  the  eaftern  coaft 
of  limdooftan  along  the  Carnatic,  fo  called, 
expending  from  Cape  Calymere,  Lat.  10. 
20.  to  the  mouth  of  the  iviftnah,  I.at.  ic' 
45-N.  ■       ^ 

Coron,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  4  miles 
WSW.  Vihiers. 

Cor.ou,  a  le-aport  town  of  Eurc^pean  Tur- 
key, in  the  Morea,  lituated  on  a  gulf  to 
which  it  gives  name,  ancientiv  called  the 
Gulf  ofJVIeifina,  with  a  large  harbour.  This 
place  was  taken  from  the  Turks  by  tlie  Ve- 
netians in  the  year  1685,  after  a  moft  obfti- 
nate  fiege,  which  Iafted49  ^avs.  The  Turks 
retook  It  in  the  yeai  17 15,  v/ith  little  lofs. 
In  1770,  it  was  beflei'.ed  by  the  Ralfians 
without  fuccefs.  80  miles  SSW.  Corindi. 
Long.  21.  56.  E.  Lat.  36.  59.  N. 

Coron,  one  of  the  Calamianes  iflands. 
Long.  120.  21.  E.  Lat.  12.  N. 

Corona,  La,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Ve- 
ronefe.  The  French  defeated  the  Auff  rians 
here  in  1796,  but  they  could  not  take  the 
place.  The  follou'ing  year  the  French  were 
defeated  by  die  Auftrians.  14  miles  WNW. 
Verona. 

C^.ronados,  Los,  a  clufter  of  fmall  iflands, 
confilfing  of  two  iilets  and  three  rocks,  oc- 
cupying a  fpace  of  about  five  miles,  in  the 
Is'oith  Pacific  Ocean.  12  miles  from  the 
coaft  of  New  Albion.    Lat.  ^x.  23.  N. 

Coronata,  a  imall  ifiand  near  the  weft 
coaft  of  Natolia.  Long.  27.  10.  E.  Lat. 
37-  .3-  N. 

Coronata,  an  illandin  the  Adriatic,  about 
15  miles  long,  and  3  broad.  Long.  15.40. 
E.  I^at.  44-  5.  N. 

Coronda  al  Rdig,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the 
province  of  Irak,     t,^  miles  NW.  Ifpahan. 

Coroiidel,  a  fjiring  of  water,  or  fiuall  river 
of  Arabia  Pctrau,  iuppufed  by  fome  to  be 
the  Marah  of  tliC  Scriptures.    Near  it  arc 


COR 

fome  hot  fprings,  called  Hammam  Phara- 
oune.  It  runs  into  the  Red  fea,  50  miles 
SSE.  Suez. 

Corouil..  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Aiidaluii.i.     30  mile?  S.  Seville. 

Coroiii/I,  a  fmall  iiland  on  the  coafl  of 
the  Morea,  in  the  gulf  of  Napoli.  Long. 
zz.jS.  E.  Lat.21-  29- N. 

Coronuv!^  a  town  of  Hindoofran,  in  the 
circar  of  Cicacoie.     10  milts  E.  Cicacj'e. 

Corooraa^  one  of  the  Pelew  ifiands. 

Coror^  a  river  of  Abyilinia,  v.hich  runs 
into  the  Tacaze,  30  m.  NW.  Aniba  Salam. 

Copreaii,  a  tcwn  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
rnentof  ihe  Cote  c''Or.     7  m.S.  Beaune. 

Ccrpooii^s  Bay^  a  bay  on  the  north-weft 
coau  of  the  ifl;-!!d  of  St.  Chriflopher.  a 
miles  SW.  Diep  Town. 

Corps,  a  town  of  France,  in  tl-'e  depart- 
ment jf  the  Ifcre.     ao  miles  SE.  Grenoble. 

Corpfund  les  Ti'sii  Maires,  a  town  of 
Fran'ce;  in  the  dcp:-:rirnent  of  the  ille  and 
Vilaire.     9  niiies  S.  Rennes. 

Corpus,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Nicaragua.     36  miles  N.  Leon. 

Corpus,  a  town  of  Paraguay,  on  the  river 
Parana.     180  miles  SE.  Alfuniption. 

Con  a,  a  town  ot  Pen'ia,  in  the  province 
of  Ses^cftan,  on  the  lake  Zare.  15  miles 
SE.'  Kin. 

Corra,  a  river  of  Perfsa,  which  runs  into 
th.e  lake  Zare,  ncr^r  tlie  town  of  Corra,  in 
the  provircc  of  Scgelbn. 

Corraau,  apeninfula  of  Ireland,  on  the 
well  coaft  of  the  county  of  Mayo,  feparated 
from  Achill  iflard  by  a  narrow  channel  It 
is  about  ftven  miles  from  eafh  to  weft,  and 
from  two  to  four  wide. 

Corrales,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro^ 
vince  of  Leon.     7  miles  S.  Zamora. 

Corrans,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var.     5  nTiIcs  N.  Brignolles. 

Correah,  a  tov/n  of Hindoollan,  in  Gurry 
Mundla!-"..     8  miles  S.  Belharee. 

Ccrrega,  a  town  of  Portug'cl,  in  Eilra- 
madiira.     10  miles  NNE.  Penir  he. 

Corregio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  che  depart- 
ment of  ilie  Crofiolo,  and  capital  of  a  fmall 
principality  m  the  dutchy  of  i'vlodena;  uni- 
ted to  the  Kcdencfe  in  1635  ;  defended  by 
a  caftle.  From  this  town  the  celcbr^,tcd 
painrer  Antonio  de  Allegris  took  the  name 
of  Corregio.  10  nules  WW.  Modena,  20 
S.  Mantua.  Lcvg.  10. 46.  E.  Lat.  44.  46.  N. 
Corregiolo,a.  lOwn  of  Italy,  in  ihe  d.part- 
rrerit  of  the  Mincio.    7  m,  S.  Mantua. 

Corrrfe,-  a  town  of  the  Popedom,  in  the 
Sibina.     12  miles  N.  'Fncli. 

Correze,  a  departn'.ent  of  France,  bounded 
en  the  north  by  tlie  depa.ti-ent  of  tb.e 
Crcufe,  on  the  eaii  by  the  departments  of 
pi;y-de-D6in.e  and  Ciaital,  on  the  fouth  by 
that  of  the  Lot,  on  the  fouth-weft  by 
that  of  the  Dordogne,  and  on  the  norih- 


C  0  R 

xveft  by  the  department  of  the  Tienne.  Tulle 
is  the  capital. 

Correze,  a  river  of  France,  whirh  riles 
about  twenty  niiles  NE.  l\,lle,  pafTes  by 
that  town,  Cun^ze,  Biive,  &c.  and  joins 
the  Vezere,  three milet below  Biive.  Itgives 
nameto  adepartmentthrough  wiiich  it  palTes. 
Correze,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Correze,  on  a  river  of  tlieiame 
name.     8  miles  NE.  Tul'e. 

Corriah,  a  town  ot  Ilmdoof-an,  in  Goond- 
Wcinah.     45  miles  A'.  Nagpour. 

Corriehtes,  (Las, J  a  town  of  South- 
America,  in  the  government  of  Buenos 
Ayres,  at  the  union  of  the  Parana  and 
Paraguay.  440  miles  N.  Buenos  Ayres. 
Long.  60.  36.  W.  Lat.  27.  JO.  S. 

Cor r lent es  Bay,  lee  hr.fei.ada  de  Arenas. 
Corrigrua,  a  town   of   Ii  eland,    in  the 
county  of  "Wexford,  whicii,  in  1798,  the  re- 
bels made  aftation.  7  m.SW. Newborough. 
Corrin,  a  town  o!  Pcifia,  in  th.e  province 
of  Irak.     80  miles  NW.  iJpahan. 

Corrojin,  a  town  of  Irel;;nd,  in  the  county 
of  Clare.     7  miles  NNW.Ennis. 

Corropoli,  a  town  ot  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     38  miles  NNE.  Aquiia. 

Corry,  a  town  of  Mindooltan,  in  Calicut. 
15  miles  SSE.  Tellichery. 

Corfairs,  a  duller  of  iflands  in  the  gulf 
of  Engia,  near  th'e  coaft  of  Morea.  5  miles 
NW.Vape  Skillo. 

Corfano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Otranto.     3  miles  E.  Alelfano. 

Corfara,  a  fmall  ifland  in  tlie  Adriatic. 
Long.  15.  29.  E.  Lat.  44.  13.  N. 

Corfe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  tlie  Maync  and  Loire.  7  miles 
NE.  Angers. 

Corfegoules,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Var.  it^  miles  N.  Antibes. 
Corjilles,  a  town  of  Swillcrland,  in  the 
canton  of  Berne.  7  miles  NNE.  Laulimne. 
Corfettl,  a  town  of  Fr.mce,  m  the  depart- 
ment of  the  North  Coafts.  6  m.  WNW. 
Dinan,  i3E.LambHlle. 

Corjhani,  atown  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  "Wilts,  with  a  weekly  market  on  Wed- 
ncfday.  King  Ethclred  had  formerly  a 
palace  here,  and  it  was  once  the  chief  reii- 
d'^nce  of  the  earls  of  Cornwall.  It  is  con- 
fiderable  for  its"  woollen  manuf;<5ture  ;  and 
in  1801,  the  population  was  2402,  of  which 
717  wereemployed  in  tradeandnranufadures. 
9milesEl^E.  Bath,  yS  W.  London. 

Corjiara,  a  town  v'i  Perlia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Faiiiltan.  100  mucs  SW.  Schiras. 
Corjica,  an  ifland  in  the  Mediterranean, 
about  96  miles  in  length,  and  from  25  to  45 
in  breadth,  called  by  the  ancient  Greeks 
Kyrnos  orKyrnon;  the  Romans  called  it 
Corlica.  In  the  time  of  Pliny,  the  number 
of  towns  was  thirty-four,  five  or  fix  of 
which  only  exift  iit  prefent.    It  is  not  one 


COR 

of  tlie  mofl  ngreeable  countries  of  Europe, 
but  not  fuch  as  is  ddcribed  by  Seneca, 
who  was  b^niihed  thither  ;  he  repre^nts  i: 
as  furrouoded  with  rocks,  and  affording  no- 
th.'i);/ bu.  I'll  re,  .i.-ici  u,  m  wmiu  of  water 
and  br..ad-i  orn,  and  winter  detliroyinc^  the- 
olives,  rhis  is  n)t  a  jufi-  * ;.'prefent;uii)n  : 
the  inh;initants  reap  good  'larveft  in  fum- 
rner,  and  gather  plenty  of  fiiiit  in  the  au- 
tumn; the  warmth  of  the  climate  is  cooled 
by  the  fe.i-hreczes.  The  air  is  heaithy,  ex- 
cept on  the  eaft  cuafl  near  Aleria,  and  fome 
few  other  places,  whe^s  the  mm  ihes  e::hale 
malignant  vapours.  There  are  feveral  ex- 
cellent ports  on  thecoafts;  the  interior  partis 
vervmouiitaii)ous;  a  long  chain  of  mountains 
divides  it  into  two  uneq.ial  parts;  in  which 
are  difperfed  th.ick  forclh;  iti";  watered  by 
a  great  ni'm'-:er  of  rivers  well  fupplied  with 
fifh,  and  the  coafrs  abou'id  w-th  tunny,  ftur- 
geon,  ovl^ers,  Sec.  There  are  feveral  mine- 
ral fprings,  both  hot  and  cold.  Oiiadnipeds 
are  in  great  number;  the  i.oife^  are  fniall, 
but  lively;  aifes  and  mi.lr's  are  likewiie 
fmall,  but  of  wonderful  fpirit  and  agility. 
Cows  and  oxen  are  tnler.ibly  large,  but  in 
general  lean;  ih  •  cows  give  bus.  'irile  milk, 
for  want  of  better  pafturc;  the  inliabitants 
generally  make  ufe  of  oil  inftcad  of  butter. 
Goats  and  (heep  are  in  great  piei-ty.  Aiiiong 
the  wild  animals  is  the  muffoli,  an  animal 
like  a  ffag  in  fize  and  colour,  but  with  the 
horn?  of  a  ram,  extr.  mcly  ihy  .  nd  nimble; 
wild  boars  are  common,  as  !ik-.  wife  foxes, 
but  not  wolves.  Among  the  birds,  are  eagle?, 
vultures,  turtles,  wood-pigeo,,s,  thruPiies, 
partridges,  p'lfafants,  £ic.  The  fcorpion 
found  in  the  ifland  is  without  venon;  a  large 
fpider,  whofe  fting  is  as  fharp  as  that  of  the 
bee,  feems  the  only  venomous  infefl  in  the 
ifland-  Near  Vico  is  a  foreft  of  wr  od,  faid 
to  be  capable  of  maintaining  a  numerous 
fleet.  Oranges,  Icmons,  figs,  almonds,  chef- 
nuts,  and  olives,  flourilh  hen.-;  the  latter  is 
one  of  its  principal  riches.  Vines  grow  al- 
mofl  in  every  part  of  the  ifland  ;  the  wines 
are  fweet  and  itrnng,  and  generally  ufed  by 
the  Germans  infccad  of  mountain.  Other 
trees  are  the  mulberry,  1 'urel,  mviile,  S<.c. 
Wheat  is  cultivated;  as  likewifj  barley,  rye, 
and  millet.  The  bees  pixiduce  a  great  deal  of 
honey,  which  is  liable  to  be  bitter,  an.'  not 
much  admired;  but  the  v.ax  is  excellent. 
The  mountains  are  rich  in  lead,  iron,  cop- 
per, nnd  filver ;  amine  of  the  latter  was 
opened  in  the  year  1767,  where  a  quintal 
of  mineral  produces  eighteen  ounces  ot  iil- 
ver.  Here  and  there  are  found  niine?  of 
alum  and  faltpetre;  the  gianite  of  Cortica 
is  nearly  equal  to  the  Oriental.  Porphyry, 
jafper,  talk,  amianthus,  emeralds,  and  ethi^r 
precious  ffones,  are  f  und  fcattered  in  the 
mountains;  and  the  lliuth  coaft  abounds 
mth.  beautiful  cor^l.     Corlica  was  at  one 


COR 

time  fubjefl  to  the  Carthaginians,  who,  td 
render  the  inhibitanis  the  more  fubmi/live, 
deftroyed  their  vines  and  olive  trees, — .1 
deteftab!-  'V':ce  of  pol'cv,  and  unv.'orihyof 
any  n  ition.  The  Romans  drove  out  the 
C.irthaginians  ;  the  Goths  luccccded  the  Ro- 
man?, and  the  Saracen?  the  Goths.  The 
Franks  took  it  from  the  latter,  and  gave  it 
to  the  Pope._  The  Pope  ceded  it  to  the  re- 
public  of  Pifa.  The  Gcnoele  having  van- 
quiihed  the  Pif^^s,  became  matters  of  this 
ifland.  The  Corficans  mortally  hated  the 
Genocie  for  their  rigorous  trcaiment,  and 
feveral  times  attempted  to  throw  off  their 
yoke.  In  the  year  173^,  the  malcontents 
concerted  a  plan  of  a  new  and  independent 
form  of  povernmcnt;  auil  in  173^1,  they  pro- 
claimed Theodore  baron  NewhofF,  a  na- 
tive of  W  fcph,(lia,  for  their  king.  The 
Genoefe  called  i.i  the  French  to  their  alTifl- 
ftance;  and  Theodore,  unable  to  letill  their 
united  p  nv^-r,  ieJt  t'lc  iiland  to  folicit  friends 
in  Engbiuf  and  elf  where;  but  he  fblicited 
in  vain.  Involved  in  debt,  he  was  feveral 
years  cor(i,ied  in  England,  a  pufoner  in  the 
King's  Bench,  till  relieved  by  an  ai5t  of  in- 
foivency;  \vmen  he  regiftered  his  kingdom 
of  Corfica  for  tiie  ufe  of  his  ci  editors,  and 
died  at  Weilmialler  in  17-6.  In  the  ab- 
fence  of  Theodore,  the  malcontents  were 
headed  b\  Gaffbri,  who  was  alfatlinated  in 
1753.  Pafjal  Paoli  facceeded  him,  who  go- 
verned with  prudence,  a. id  fought  with  cou- 
rage, till  at  length  h<*%as  forced  to  feck  an 
afyium  in  England;  and  in  the  year  1769, 
Corlica  was  cr'ded  to  France.  The  French 
eftablifhed  their  govcrnmjnt  on  a  milder  fvf^ 
tem.  At  the  In^e  French  revolution,  in 
1789,  Corfica  was  confliiuied  a  department 
of  France,  at  the  particular  requeft  of  Pa- 
oli.  In  confequcnce,  howevei',  of  fome  mif- 
underf^nding,  Paoli  revoked,  called  in  the 
alTiflance  of  the  Engliili,  and  drove  the 
French  from  the  illmd.  Thus,  in  the  year 
1794,  Corfica  v/as  annexed  to  the  Rritilh  do- 
minion?, and  the  fovereignty  wasdeciarcd  to 
be  in  his  Majeffy  George  lil.kinc:  of  Great' 
Britain,  and  his  fucceflois,  accordiog  t.)  the 
order  of  fjccellion:  andCorte  was  eitabliflied 
as  the  capit.al.  The  Englifli  fion  evacuated 
the  iflind,  and  it  again  became  a  part  of 
France.  It  was  afterwards  divided  into  two 
departmen:s  ;  of  tlie  Golo,  of  which  i!aftia 
is  the  capital  ;  and  tliat  of  the  Liamonc,  of 
which  Ajaccio  was  contlituted  tr.e  capital. 
The  nuu.bcr  of  inhabitants  is  alxiut  160,000. 

Co/Jhe,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Mediterranean,  a  2  miles  E.  Algiers. 

Cry>Jler,  a  feaport  town  of  Denmark,  on 
the  well  coafl  of  the  ifland  of  Zealand,  built 
on  a  promontory,  which  extends  into  the 
Great  Belt.  The  h.arbour  is  excellent  for 
fmall  vcill-ls,  but  not  deep.  It  is  defended 
by  a  caftL-  fui  rounded  v.ith  rumparis,  v/hidi 


COR 


COR 


ferves  alfo  as  a  magazine  for  corn.    52  m. 
SW.  Copenhagen.    Long.  11.  15.  E.  Lat. 

55.20.  N. 

Cartak,  TilQwn  ofHindooftan,  near  the 
coaft  of  Malabar.     8  miles  E.  Tellichery. 

C^r/£',a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Coriica,  (itu- 
ated  in  the  centre  of  the  ifland,  at  the  foot 
of  a  rock,  at  the  corflux  of  the  river?  Refto- 
nica  and  Tavignano;  enlarged  and  fortified 
by  the  French;  containing  about  300c  in- 
habitants. It  was,  diuing  the  pofleiTion  of 
the  ifland  by  the  Englifh,  made  the  capital, 
the  feat  of  the  parliament,  and  the  refidence 
of  the  viceroy.  ^^}  miles  SW.  Baftia.  Long. 
9.  17.  E.  Zi2i?.  42.  12.N.  * 

Corte  Maggiore,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
dutchy  of  I'racenza.  6  miles  W.  Piaccnza. 

Co7-tegana,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Andalufia.     38  m.  NW.  Seville. 

Cortellazzo,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  foiith- 
eaft  coafl  of  the  ifland  of  Sardinia,  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  gulf  of  Cagiiari. 

Cortellona,  a  tov/n  of  Italy.  10  miles  E. 
Pavia. 

Corte7fiigUa,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Stura,  iituated  on  the  river 
Bormida.  Part  of  the  town  is  defended 
with  a  wall  and  ancient  towers;  to  the  other 
part,  which  is  built  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  the 
river  ferves  for  a  wail.  It  anciently  had 
a  large  and  beautiful  caflile,  now  fallen  to 
decay.   4  m.  N.  Gorzegno,  16  E.  Cherafco. 

Cortene,  a  fortrefs  of  Georgia,  iiiuated 
on  a  lofty  mountain.  In  1403,  it  was  taken 
by  Timur-Bec;  the  commander.and  garrifon 
were  beheaded,  and  their  wives  and  children 
made  flaves. 

Coties,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre.  2 1 
miles  from  Tudella. 

Corticat  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  wefl  coaft 
ofNatolia.  Lottg.  27.  11.  E.  Lat.^Z.  7.N. 
_  Cortical,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tra  los  Monies.  9  m.  E.  Mirandella. 

Cortig!a?w,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Pa- 
duan.     21  miles  NNW.  Padua. 

Cortlfadas,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Eftra- 
madura.     20  miles  NE.  Thomar. 

Cartona,  a  town  of  Etruria,  and  one  of 
the  tv/elve  ancient  cities,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop, 
fuffragan  of  Florence;  with  a  celebrated 
academy.  It  contains  feven  churches,  built 
\v]th  tafte,  and  adorned  with  beautiful  paint- 
ings, and  twelve  convents  of  both  lexes. 
The  walls  were  confl:ru(51ed  of  large  blocks 
of  ftone,  without  cement,  many  parts  of 
which  are  in  good  prefervation.  42  miles 
SE.  Florence.  83  N.  Rome.  Long.  \\.  ^Z. 
E.   Lat.  43.  16.  N. 

Com,  a  river  of  Brafil,  v/hich  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Long.^o.  lo.W.  Lat.  t,.  13.  S. 

Corvano,  a  mountain  of  Naples,  in  Cala- 
bria Ultra.     10  miles  E.  Sevevina. 

Corvara,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Ultra.     23  oiiles  E.Aquila. 


Corvera^  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia. 
9  miles  NW.  Gandia. 

Corvey,  a  town  and  celebrated  abbey  of 
Germany,  with  a  principality  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Wei^phalia  about  twelve  miles  long 
and  ten  wide,  fituated  on  the  welfern  bank 
of  the  Wefer.  The  abbey  was  founded  in 
the  year  822.  It  paid  60  florins  for  a 
Roman  month,  and  was  taxed  to  the  Impe- 
rial chamber  108  rix-dollars.  The  abbot  de- 
pends immediately  on  the  Pope.  The  an- 
nual revenues  of  the  abbey  are  about  30,000 
or  40,000  florins.  In  1801,  Corvey  was 
given  among  the  indemnifications  to  the 
Prince  of  Naflliu  Dillenburg.  24  miles  E. 
Paderburn,  14  NW.  Gottingen.  Long. 
9.  24.  E.  Lat.  51.  3Q.  N. 

Corvingradi,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  Bulgaria.     5  miles  SW.  Nifla. 

Corvhio,  a  mountain  of  Naples,  in  Capi- 
tanata.     8  miles  NNW.  Lucera. 

Ccrullon,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Leon.     32  miles  W.  Aftorga. 

Coruna,  a  town  of  Bengal.  la  miles 
SSW.  Palam.ow. 

Corunkeer,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
circar  of  Ellichpour.    12  m.  ENE.  Akowla. 

Coricjina,  {La, J  a  feaport  town  of  Spain, 
in  the  province  of  Galicia;  of  which  it  is 
called  the  capital,  from  being  the  feat  of  a 
royal  audience,  of  a  governor-general,  and 
the  intendant  of  the  province.  It  is  divided 
into  Upper  and  Lower  Town  :  the  former 
fituated  on  the  fide  of  a  hill,  furrounded  with 
walls,  and  defended  by  a  caffle;  the  latter, 
called  alfo  Pexaria,  is  fituated  at  the  bottorii 
of  a  hill,  on  a  tongue  of  land,  wafhed  on 
tliree  fides  by  the  v/aters  of  the  Atlantic. 
The  town  is  of  a  circular  form,  fortified  in 
the  ancient  manner,  and  contains  one  colle- 
giate and  four  parifli  churches,  and  four  con- 
vents. The  harbour  is  large  and  fafe,  and 
defended  by  two  caftles.  In  1385,  the  Duke 
of  Lancafler  landed  here  when  he  went  to 
claim  the  crown  of  Caflile.  He  made  him- 
felf  mafler  of  fix  gallies,  but  was  not  able  to 
take  the  town.  28  m.  N.  Compoftella,  30 
N W.Lugo.  Long.  8.  7.  W.  /-<?/. 43.  23. N. 

Corvo,  the  moft  northerly  of  the  Azore 
iflands  in  the  Atlantic,  about  four  leagues  in 
circumference,  with  a  fmall  port ;  and  con- 
taining about  500  inhabitants.  It  is  faid 
to  have  derived  its  name  from  the  number 
of  crows  found  there  on  the  firfl  difcovery. 
Long.  31.  6.  W.  Lat.  39.  42.  N. 

Corvol  Orgiieilkiife,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Nyevre.  6  miles 
SW.  Clamecy. 

Corns,  a  town  of  Syria,  in  the  pachalic 
of  Aleppo,  anciently  eddied  Cyrrhus.  It 
v/as  formerly  a  bifhopric,  and  the  fee  of  the 
celebrated  Theodoret.  The  ruins  of  the 
caflile  are  fl:ill  vifible.  40  miles  NNW. 
Aleppo,   rj  SW.Antab. 


COS 

Ccrivefi,  a  town  of  North-Wales,  in 
Merionethfiiire;  the  rendezvous  for  the 
Welfh  forces  in  1666,  when  Owen  Gwynned 
Hopped  tiie  progrcfs  of  Henry  II.  10  nules 
W.  Llangollen,  202  WNW.  London. 

Co?-ybary,  a  town  of  Bengal.  8  mijes  S. 
Calcutta. 

Coryz'rc'kan,  a  gulf  or  bay  between    the 
ifland  of  Jura  and  Scarba,  on  the  wcflxrh 
coallcfScottandjwitha dangerous  whirlpool. 
Co!,  fee  Stiifichio, 
Cofa,  fee  CcoJ'y. 

Ccf.;:s,  or  Cojaques,  a  people  lituatcd  ori- 
ginally on  the   confines  of  Poland,  Ruiiia, 
Tartary,    and  Turkey,  between  the  Jaic  and 
the  Dniefter.     They  are  divided  into  three 
branches,  called    Cofikki  fa    Porovi,'    or 
Cofacs  on    the   Bonfthenes ;    the    Cofakki 
Donllci,  or  the  Cofacks  on  the  Don:  and  the 
Cofikki  Jaiki,  or  Cofacks  on  the  Jaik.    The 
chief  feat  of  the  Cofacks  on  the  Boriflhcnes 
was  by  them  called  a  ietfcha,  and  confilted 
of  a  fortihed  camp,  which,  though  removed 
from  place  to  place,  was  never  at  a  great 
diltance  from  the  porogi  or  catarai^^s  of  the 
Dnieper.  The  conftitunon  of  this  little  mi- 
litary nation  was  one  of  the  moft  curious  in 
the  world ;  war  was  the  ultimate  aim  of  their 
focial  conneclion,  their  habitual  trade,   and 
their  darhng  employment.    Agriculture  and 
the   breeding    of  cattle  they  entirely   ne- 
glected,   and  followed  the  filhery  and  the 
chace,  no  odierwife  than  as  matters  ofpaf- 
time  ;  C'dibacy  was  enjoinedas  afundamental 
law  of  their  ilate,  but  they  made  a  practice 
of  bringing  off  women  from  their   neigh- 
bours; in  order  to  keep  up  their  numbers, 
they  not  only  ftole  children  wherever  they 
could  catch  them,  but  criminals  and  vaga- 
bonds from  all  the  nations  around  were  wel- 
comed and  adopted  by  them.     There  are 
but  fevv' European  languages  that  were  fpoken 
among  them.    Their  conilitution  w-;s  purely 
democratic;     every   Cofac    enjoyed   equal 
rights.     Their  ataman  was  eledledannually ; 
and  on  expiration  of  his  oflice,  fell  again  to 
the  rank  of  the  common  Cofacs ;  every  ci- 
tizen of  the  republic  had  equal  pretcnfions 
to  this  fovereign  dignity.     No  written  laws 
were  known  to  them,  but  they  had  uiagcs 
v/hich  held  the  place  of  lav/,  and  by  v/hich 
deciiions    were   made   with   extraordinary 
ftridtnefs  and  imparuality.    A  Cofac  who 
killed   his  fellow-citizen,  was  buried  alive 
with  the  body.   A  thief  was  obliged  to  Hand 
three  days  on  the  pillory,  and  punilhedwith 
lalhes  till  frequendy    he   died   under   the 
fcourge.     The  generality  of  them  adhered 
to  the   Greek  church.  'Their  moral  cha- 
rader  v/as  conformable  to  their  way  of  life 
and  form  of  government:  they  had  all  the 
virtues  and  vices  of  a  free  people  fublilting 
by  war  and  rapine.     They  were  courageous 
and  farage,  hofpitable  and  greedy  of  prey, 


COS 

afkive  and  temperate  on  their  expeditions, 
and  lazy  and  c,li'.ttonous  at  home.     The 
number    of    effccHive    men    an)onj»    them 
amounted  at  times  to  40,000.    Tliele  Coliics 
oKen  changed  their  fovereigntv,  if  we  niay 
lb  call  t!ie  relation  in  which  tl.is  rud';  people 
f^ocd,  one  while  with  Pol  and,  then  with 
the  Tartars  and  the  Porte,  and  laftly  witli 
Ruifia.  Peter  the  Grcr.L  delli  oy.  d  their  fet- 
leha,  on  taking  part  in  the  lebellion  of  the 
Ukrainian    hctnian    Mazeppa ;     but    tliey 
affembled  again  afteiVards  under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  Khan  of  thcCrinva,  and  wece 
rc-admitted,  in  17.^7^  as  KulTian  \:ifl;ils.    A 
chancety  was  erected  fcr  the  purpofe  of  over- 
feeing  them,  wiiich  however  had  little  or  no 
influence  on  their  internal  government;  the 
only  obligation  ihey  wcic  under  to  the  em- 
pire v/as  to  appear  in  die  Geld  when  com- 
manded, at  which  times  diey  were  paid  and 
provided   as  was  cudomary  widi  the  Co- 
liics.    In  theTurkifhwar  which  terminated 
in  1774,  they  not  only  proved  faithlds  on 
feveral  occalions,  but  betrayed  their  deiign 
of  rendering  thcmfcl  ves  independent.  Whea 
they  recaptured  the  region  of  die  Dnieper, 
which  at  ihat  time  was  called  New  Servia, 
but  afterwaids  belonged  to  the  nev/  Ruilian 
government,  and  was  peopled  with  cokmiffs, 
they  declared  that  country  to  be  their  pro- 
perty, pra<flifedholliliticsagainlf  thefettlers, 
and  partly  by  artiilce  and  partly  by  violence 
reduced  about  50,000  Malo-RulTians  to  their 
obedience.     This  rebellion,  their  life  of  ce- 
libacy and  rapine,  the  total  neglcd  of  agri- 
culture, in  fo  fertile  a  country,  and  the  con- 
Ifant  reliftance  they  made  to  every  attempt 
at  bringing:;  them  to  a   better  condu(5t,  at 
length  determined  the  Emprefs,  in  the  year 
1775,  entirely  to  annihilate  the  cxidence  of 
this  little  Spartan  itatc,     A  body  of  Ruilian 
troops  farroundcd  and  difarmed  them ;   a 
manifefto  v/as  illued  by  which  it  v/as  left  to 
their  choice,  whether  by  adopting  a  decent 
and  moral   regimen  they  would    become 
ufeful  fubjecls,  or  take  themfelvcs  out  of  the 
empire  ;   a  part  of  them  remained  and  took, 
various  trades ;  others  in  numerous  bands 
withdrcv/  to  the  Turkr.  and  Tartars,  or  led  a 
roving  life  about  the  Ruifian  fronuers.    Tiie 
country  v.hich  they  had  pcfreflld  w;'.s  added 
to  the  then  new  Ruilian   government,  and 
belongs  at  prelent  to  that  of  Eka'.erinoflav. 
By   an  ukafe   of  the    30th   of  June   179  J, 
Catharine  II.  allign.-d  to  thefe  Cofac?,  who 
rendered  thenifeh  cs  ferviceable  during  the 
laftTurkiih  war,  the  iiland  of  Taman,  (be- 
longing  to  the  province  of  Taunda,)wiih  the 
endre  region  between  the  river  Cuban  and 
the  fca  of  Az<A\  as  far  as  the  rivers  Yeya  :ind 
Laba,  (a  traa  of  IC17  fquare  geographical 
miles,)  for  their  place  of  kidement;  they  ob- 
tained at  the  fame  dme,  under  the  name  of 
Cofacs  of  the  Euxine,  a  wdl-regulated  Coliic 


COS 

tonflitution,  and  the  right  of  eledling  their 
own  atamans ;  but  are  immediately  de- 
pendent on  the  governor  of  the  province  of 
Taurida,  and  are  placed  under  the  depart- 
ment of  the  college  of  war.  Their  numbers 
of  both  fexes  amount  now  to  about  2o,coo, 
among  whom  is  a  difciplined  corps,  well 
equipped,  of  15,000  men. — The  Cofakki 
Donfkii  or  the  Cofacs  of  the  Don,  inhabit  a 
traft  of  country  on  the  banks  of  the  river 
Don,  between  the  governments  of  Saratov, 
Caucafus,Voronets,  and  Ekaterinoflav,  as  far 
as  the  iea  of  Azof  Their  territory,  which 
even  now  amounts  to  upwards  of  3600  fquare 
miles,  was  formerly  far  more  extenfive;  but 
iince  the  rebellion  of  1708,  a  part  of  it  has 
been  adde  j  to  the  adjacent  provinces.  As  the 
Donflvoi  CofacR  have  preferved  their  conftitur 
tion  entire,  they  live  under  a  military  regimen 
different  from  the  other  governments.  Their 
number  is  elf  imated  at  aco,ooo,  of  whom 
a  corps  of  light  cavalry  of  25,000  is  al- 
ways ready  for  marching.  Internal  revolu- 
tions, and  a  difpolition  to  broils,  have  given 
birth  to  many  emigrations.  The  Donlkoi 
Cofacs  are  moftly  well-fet  handfome  m.en  ; 
the  generality  of  them  have  a  countenance 
completely  Ruffiap,  but  in  many  is  feen  a 
mixture  of  the  Tartarian,  probably  from 
their  female  anceftors  of  that  race.  Their 
meral  character  is  entirely  Ruffian;  but 
their  education  and  courfe  of  life  render 
them  more  bold  and  refolute  than  the  Ruf- 
fian vulgar.  Totally  negligent  of  all  fci- 
ence  and  letters,  they  have  at  all  times 
had  people  who  have  rendered  themfelvcs 
famous  as  heroes  and  conquerors,  and  fome- 
times  as  rebels  or  tyrants. — The  Cofakk: 
Jaiki,  or  Coiacs  of  the  Jaiki,  or  Ural,  ac- 
cording to  tra.litions,  fiill  arofe  about  the 
beginning  of  the  fifteenth  century  by 
an  inconfiderable  number,  who  drew  to- 
v/ards  the  Caipian  fea  as  freebooters,  and 
afterwards  c^tabiifhed  themfelves  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Ural,  formerly  called 
the  Yai'k,  augmented  by  Tartarian  ffrag- 
glcrs  and  prif.i-sers  of  war.  The  colony 
ibon  I'pread  farther  up  the  fhores  of  this 
river;  and  at  the  time  of  their  voluntary 
fubniifiion  to  Tzar  Michaila  Fredorovitch, 
they  were  already  a  confiderable  nation, 
which  has  fince  much  increafed  by  emigra- 
tion from  the  Don.  At  the  commencement 
of  the  17th  century,  they  obtained  from  the 
Ruffian  government  a  rep.ular  conltitution, 
with  permiflion  to  fettle  in  their  pre'ent 
pofl'eflions.  They  were  placed  on  the  foot- 
ing of  the  Cofacs  of  the  Don,  obtained  the 
free  and  exccedingly-produdtive  fifhcrv  of 
the  Ural ;  the  licence  to  fetch  their  liilt, 
duty-free,  from  the  adjacent  faline  lakes; 
the  liberty  to  dillill  l^randy  ;  together  with 
feveral  other  privileges.  Prciuming  upon 
their  vpulence,  in  the  year  1773,  they  rofe 


COS 

up  againfla  reform,  propofed  by  the  govern- 
ment, of  the  irregular  troops ;  they  were, 
however,  foon  reduced  to  obedience.  The 
year  following,  a  part  of  them  joined  the 
crew  of  the  famous  rebel  Pugatfchef ;  on 
the  reftoration  of  tranquillity,  the  govern- 
ment reltored  to  them  their  pofTeffions  and 
privileges.  Since  that  time  their  political 
conftitution  has  a  fomewhat  different  form, 
to  prevent  the  like  misfortunes  in  future. 
Their  number  is  computed  to  be  about 
3C,coo  men  fit  to  bear  arms,  and  they  keep 
up  a  corps  properly  equipped  of  12,000 
men,  among  whom,  however,  are  many 
Tartars  and  baptized  Kalmuks.  Their  pro- 
per homeftead  is  along  the  right  fhore  of  the 
Ural,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Ilek  to  the 
Cafpian  fea;  where,  befides  their  grand 
capital,  Uralfl<,  they  poffefs  the  important 
town  of  Gurief  on  the  Cafpian,  and  perform 
fervice  in  the  line  of  forts  on  the  Ural, 
againfl  the  Kirghifes.  Their  territory,  which 
extends  in  length  80  geographical  miles, 
yet  forms  no  particular  divilion  in  the  poli- 
tical geography  of  the  empire,  but  belongs 
to,  the  government  of  Caucafus.  Their  con- 
ftitution, in  the  main,  refembles  that  of 
other  Cofacs.  Their  officers  ferve  without 
any  farther  pay  than  what  they  all  receive 
from  the  crown,  and  which  amounts  yearly 
for  the  whole  hoft  to  5000  rubles  ;  but  they 
have  feveral  other  privileges  in  the  fifhery, 
annexed  to  their  rank :  the  people  gene- 
rally make  choice  of  perfons  of  good  con- 
dition, though  fometimes  of  quite  common 
Cofacs,  who  fland  in  fome  degree  of  cre- 
dit with  the  refl.  The  common  men  when 
they  remain  at  home,  receive  ammunition 
every  year  from  the  crown,  and  when  they 
march,  the  ordinary  pay.  They  carry  the 
arms  generally  ufed  by  the  Cofacs;  but 
their  weapons,  horfes,  and  riding-gear,  are 
particularly  good. 

Cosale,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Citra.     6  miles  SE.  Civita  Borella. 

Cofalfurar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Berar.     18  miles  E.  Notchengong. 

CoscoHey,  a  town  of  Bengal.  32  miles 
NE.  Calcutta. 

Cofeiley  a  river  of  Calabria,  which  runs  into 
the  gulf  of  Tarento,  Long.  16.  42.  E.  Lai. 
39.  46.  N. 

Ccfd?-,  {El,)  or  CojTirt  a  town  of  Egypt, 
on  the  coaft  of  the  Red  fea.  The  houfes 
are  built  of  clay,  and  the  regular  inhabitants 
aie  few,  though  llrangers  continually  pafTing 
make  the  town  appear  populous.  Provi- 
fions  arefcarcc,  and  even  thebutter  is  brought 
from  Arabia  ;  the  only  good  water  is  brought 
by  Arabs  from  Tcriowi,  about  three  hours 
diilant.  This  town,  from  a  quarrel  with  the 
inhabitants,  was  bombarded  by  the  Coventry, 
an  Englifh  frigate,  when  the  fort  and  feveral 
houfes  were  deltroyed,  and  Ooo  of  the  ped- 


COS 

Jile  killed.  Old  Cofeir  is  (ituated  about  3 
miles  to  the  north  100  miles  SSE.  Suez. 
Lon^.  .M-  8.  E.  I^u.  26.  8.  N. 

Cofd,  ox  Krfil^  a  town  of  Silefia,  in  the 
principjlity  of  Oppeln,  near  the  Oder,  be- 
longing to  PrirlTia,  andfortilied  bv  Frcduricl; 
II.  ^^2  miles  ESE.  Neide,  23  SSE.  Oppeln. 
Lotjg.  18.  3.  E.  LcU.  i;o.  17.  N. 

Cofenitz,  a  town  of  Prullia,  in  the  pula- 
tiniite  of  Culm.     50  mites  ENE.  Culm. 

C'-fdn~.a^  a  city  of  N.iples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Calabria  Citra,  fituated  on  fevcn 
imall  hills  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines ; 
the  fee  of  an  afchbifhop,  who  has  for  his 
fufF.agan  the  biihops  of  Martorano  and 
Caliano.  The  \netropolit;.n  is  tlie  only 
church  within  the  walls;  but  there  are  three 
parifh  churches  in  the  fauxbourgs,  Tiiere 
are  twelve  convents.  The  environs  are 
beautiful,  populous,  and  ,well  cultivated, 
producing  abundance  of  corn,  fiuit,  oil, 
wine  and  (ilk.  This  town  was  anciently 
the  capital  of  the  Brutii,  and  a  place  of  con- 
lequence  in  the  fecund  Punic  war.  In  the 
tenth  century  it  was  burned  by  the  Saracens, 
but  foon  recovered  itl'elt.  Louis  lil.  of  An- 
jou,  died  there  in  1434,  and  lies  buried  in 
the  metropolitan  church.  Cofenza  has  fre- 
quently fuft'ered  from  earthquakes,  particu- 
larly in  the  year  1638.  145  miles  SE.  Naples. 
Long.  16.  27.  E.    LcJt.  39.  22.  N. 

Goftipary,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     iS  miles  NW.  Ti.igar. 

Cofezis,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak.  80 
miles  S.  Bngdat. 

Cofguriachi,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  t'le  pro- 
vince ofNew  Bifcay.  1 15  m.  "WNW.  Parral. 
CoJJjabarya,  a  town  of  Bengal.     16  miles 
S.  Kiflienagur. 

Cojhakan,  a  town  of  Curdiftan.  30  miles 
SW.  Betlis. 

Cof.a  di  Dontia,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the 
weft  coaft  of  Sardinia.     54  m.  WSW.  Bofa. 
Ccfice,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Eriuli.     5 
miles  NE.  Friuli. 

CofiKa,  fee  St.  Gerrge's  Key. 
Coftiiijfa,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Grecian  Ar- 
chipelago. Lc?!g.  25.  44.  E.  Lijt.  36.  36. N. 
Cojlah,  a  fmall  ifland  in  tb.e  Englifli  Chan- 
nel, near  the  coaft  of  France.     Long.  3.  23. 
W.  J.af.4?>-  54.  N. 

Cojli,  a  tovv'n  of  European  Turkey,  in  the 
province  of  Bulgaria.  52  miles  SSE.  Sihftria. 
25  NE.  Marcenopoli. 

Cofiiaco,  a  town  of  Iftria.  - 1 2  miles  \V. 
St.  Veit. 

Cqjli>7,  fee  Cofditu 

Cofinaar,  a  town  of  Bengal.  22  miles  E. 
Ramgur. 

Cofmitiy  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Kalifli.     16  miles  SW.  Kaliflt. 

Cofmin,  a  town  of  Pegu,  on  an  ifland 
formed  by  the  branches  of  the  rivcr  Ira- 
waddy  or  Ava.     24  miles  ESE.  Periiin. 
Vol.  I.  T  t 


CJO  S 

Cofmoledo,  a  clufter  of  rocks  and  rflcts,  in 
the  Indian  fea.  Lo7lg.i,%.^o.Y,.  Lat.  ^.  ^<^.?,. 
C'f/iiu,  a  town  of  Bengal.     10  m.  NNE. 
Burwah. 

Cofr.ac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  d-pnrt- 
ment  of  the  Lower  Charente,  near  the  Gi- 
ronde.     18  miles  S.  Saintes. 

Cofne,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftri^^,  in  the  department  of  the 
Nyevre,  on  the  Alhcr.  The  principal  trade 
of  the  inha!)itan'sis  cutlery.  In  tlic  environs 
are  mines  of  iron,  and  a  number  of  forges. 
I.  was  oficn  taken  and  retaken  in  the  wars 
of  the  fiKteenth  century.  27  miles  N.  Ne- 
vers.     Long.  3.  o.  E.  Lat.  47.  2?.  N. 

C'^fne,  a  town  of  France,  in  thedepait- 
ment  of  the  Allier.     9  miles  S.  Cerilly. 

Cqfpr.da,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Upper  S.ixonv,  near  Nrulfailt. 

Cofj'jur,  a  town  o^  Alia,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Afiam.  376  miles  E.  Patna.  Lot:g.  92. 
57.  E.  Lat.  24.  56.N._ 

Coffaijitra,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ben* 
gal.     24  miles  SE.  Midnapour. 

Cojfay,  a  province  of  Afi.i,  in  the  northern 
part  of  Ava. 

Ccfji'  le  Viv'wr,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de-^ 
partment  of  the  Mavennc.  9  m.  SSW.  Laval. 
Cof/i  di  Donna,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Me- 
diterranean, near  iliefou'h  coaft  of  Sardinia. 
Lo'!g.  8.  20.  E.  L  it.  39.  5.7.  N. 

Cojjlbogou,  a  town  of  Hindojftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Cicacole.     25  miles  F.  Kimcdy. 

Coffidca,  a  town  of  Bcni^al.  70  miles 
SE.  Dacca. 

CoJ/iniabad,  a  tov\'n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Al- 
lahabad. 10  miles  N.  Gazypour.  Long. 
83.  :;t,.  £.  Lat.  25-  47.  N. 

Cojlvibazar,  atown  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Ben;.'al,  fituated  on  the  river 
Hoogly,  whicli  lurrounds  it.  This  place 
lies  in  a  central  htuation  for  trade,  and  has 
always  been  the  place  of  refidence  for  dif- 
ferent European  fadors.  In  the  year  1 75  6, 
it  was  taken  by  Surajah  Dowlah,  nabob  of 
Bengal,  previous  to  his  taking  Calcutta.  5 
miles  S.  Moorihedabad.  90  N.  Calcutta. 
Lojig.  88.  26.  E.   Lat.  24.  6.  N. 

CojJ'pnbatar,  or  Cojfimhuzar,  a  river  of 
Bengal,  which  feparates  from  the  Ganges 
about  30  miles  below  Rajemal,  pafles  bv 
Moorfhedabad,  CoflimbHZar,  (S:c.  and  at  N'ul- 
dca  joins  the  Jellmghv  to  f.-rm  the  Hooglv. 
Cofjhncotta,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  tiie 
circar  of  Cicacole.  68  miles  SW.  Cicacole, 
80  NE-  Kajamundry.  Long.  83.  7.  E.  Lat. 
17.  40.  N. 

6'(y//w/><j«r,  a  province  of  Bengal,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Soororc,  ami  elfewhere  by 
Dinagepour.     10  miles  long,  and  3  br()ad. 

C'jjfip'AK,  a  town  and  iortrcfs  of  India, 
in  the  country  of  Almora.  28  miles  N. 
Rampour,  91  ENL.  Delhi.  L^ng  79.  ao.fi. 
Lai,  39.  14.  N. 


COS 

Cojfipour^  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  In  Bahar. 
34  miles  WSW.  Arrah. 

Cqlfir,  iee  Cofeir. 

C^.fsiin,  or  Cofzlln,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  dutchy  of  Pomerania,  fituated  on  the 
river  Nifoeck,  3  miles  from  the  Baltic; 
ceded  to  theeledor  of  Brandenburg  in  1648: 
the  feat  of  a  court  of  juttice  for  Farther  Po- 
merania. z8  miles  NNW.  New  Stettin, 
68  NE.  Stargard.  Lo/ig.  15.  27.  E.  LaL 
54.  9.  N. 

Cojjohamhaj  a  town  of  South-America,  in 
the  audience  of  Qiiito.  12  m.SW.Latucunga. 

Coffoevoey,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern 
Indian  fea.     Long.  132.  E.  Lat.  4.  21.  S. 

Coffonay,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
canton  of  Bern,  built  in  the  year  442,  and 
at  one  time  a  large  town,  but  now  mufh  re- 
duced.    8  miles  NW.  Nion. 

Cojjbvii,  {Plains  of,)  a  traft  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Servia,  where,  in  1386,  a  battle 
was  fought  by  the  Turks  under  Amurath  I. 
againft  the  united  forces  of  the  Hungarians, 
Wabchians,  Dalmatians,  Triballians,  and 
Albanians,  in  which  the  Turks  were  victo- 
rious ;  but  the  next  day  as  Amurath  was 
walking  overthe  field  ot  battle,  he  was  killed 
by  a  TriballLan  foldier,  who  was  concealed 
among  the  dead.  In  14479  another  battle 
was  fought,  when  the  Turks  under  Amurath 
II.  gained  a  complete  victory.  This  is  fup- 
pofcd  to  be  the  ancient  Campus  Merulx. 

Cojla,  a  river  of  Guinea,  which  crolfes  the 
ivory  coaft,  and  runs  into  the  Atlantic, 
Long.  4.5.  W.  Lat.  5.  15.  N. 

Cojlut  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  bailiwic  of 
Locarno.     6  miles  W.  Locarno. 

Cojia^  a  town  of  Italy.   20  ni.  N.  Bergamo. 

CoJla  Alta,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Cado- 
ri"n.     5  miles  W.  Cadora. 

Cofia  Head,  a  cape  on  the  north  coafl  of 
the  ifland  of  Pomona.  Lojig.  3.  3.  W. 
X,<?.^59.  N. 

Cojla  Rica,  a  province  of  Mexico,  bound- 
ed on  the  north  by  Nicaragua,  on  the  eaft 
by  the  Spanifh  Main,  on  the  fouth-eaft  by 
the  province  of  Veragua,  and  on  the  wefi 
and  fouth-wefl  by  the  Pacific  Ocean ;  150 
miles  in  length,  and  nearly  as  much  in 
breadth;  it  is  full  of  deferts  and  forcfts, 
thinly  peopled,  and  ill  cultivated.  A  great 
part  of  the  inhabitants  live  independent  of 
the  Spaniards.  There  are  mines  both  of 
gold  and  filver;  but,  from  the  difficulty  of 
working  them,  they  have  been  abandoned. 
The  principal  commerce  conlifts  in  cattle, 
hides,  honey,  and  wax.  It  has  ports  in  each 
fea.     Carthage  is  the  capital. 

Cqfla  Rica,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which 
runs  into  the  Efcondida,  5  miles  St.  Carlos, 
in  the  province  of  Nicaragua. 

Cojhwiitza,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Servia.     %i  miles  S.  Nilfa. 

Cojlaimtza^  a  town  of  Croatia,  on  the  bor- 


C  O  T 

ders  of  Bofnia.  In  1557,  it  was  taken  by 
tlie  Turks.  In  1594,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Hungarians ;  and  foon  after  by  the  Turks. 
41  miles  SE.  Agrr.m,  34  NNW.  Banjaluka. 
Long.  17.  E.  Lat.  45.  30.  N. 

Cojlignola,  or  Cojligliola,  a  town  of  Fran  ce, 
in  the  departn  ent  of  the  Stura.  8  miles 
NNW.  Coni,  5  SSE   Saluzzo. 

Cojlheim,  or  Koflhivi,  a  town  fituated  on 
an  ifland  in  the  Rhine,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Maine;  taken  pofTefTion  of  feveral  rimes 
during  the  (iege  of  Mentz,  as  a  phice  of 
confiderable  importance  ;  on  the  fide  of  the 
river  oppofite  to  Mentz,  i  mile  to  the  eaff. 

Cojhn's  Inlet,  a  channel  between  two 
fmall  iflands  of  New  Jerfey.  Long.  74.  36. 
W.  Lat.  39.  14.  N. 

Cojioiv,  or  Cojltvay,  a  river  of  England, 
v/hich  runs  into  the  Derwent,  2  miles  N. 
New  Malton,  in  the  eaft  riding  of  Yorkfliire. 

Cojlofa,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Yicentin. 
It  is  celebrated  for  the  quarries  of  beautiful 
white  marble  mentioned  by  Pliny,  one  of 
which  is  oval,  3  milesin  circumference,  near 
650  yards  long,  and  490  broad;  this  mine 
has  been  gradually  dug  out,  and  the  exca- 
vation formed  within  it  is  fupported  by  up- 
wards of  loco  fquar-e  pillars  of  marble.  5 
miles  S.  Vicenza. 

Cofiofa,  atownof Italy.  1 1 m.SW. Verona. 

Cofivick,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Anhalt  Zerbft,  fituated  on  an 
eminence  near  the  Elbe,  with  a  chateau,  the 
refidence  of  the  dowager  prlncefTes.  12 
miles  SE.  Zerbfl,  6  E.  DefTau.  Lo?ig.  12. 
32.  E.  Lat.  ji.  55.  N. 

Gotahamba,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  bifhop- 
ric  of  Cufco.  86  miles  SW.  Cufco.  Long. 
71.  40.  W.  Lat.  14.  S. 

Cotah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  36  miles  NW. 
Burdwan. 

Cotainav.gulam,  a  town  of  Hindooflan, 
in  Mylbre.     9  miles  E.  Colar. 

CoUwina,  a  townof  Ruflla,  between  Nov- 
gorod and  Tver,  where  there  are  fome  large 
blue  ftones,  which  John  Bafilowitz  ordered 
to  be  removed  from  the  fepulchres  at  Revel, 
and  carried  to  Moicow  ;  but  news  arriving 
of  hisdeath,  they  wereunloaded  and  lefthere. 

Cotantin,  or  Coiitantin,  or  Cotentin,  be- 
fore the  revolution,  a  country  of  France,  in 
I-ov.  er  Normandv,  Including  the  towns  of 
Coiitances,  Yalogne,  St.  Sauveur,  Cher- 
bourg, Barfleur,  Carentan,  Ville-Dieu,  Gran- 
ville, &c. 

Cotapam,  a  town  of  Hlndooflan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     54  miles  S.  Tanjore. 

Cotapar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     14  miles  NNE.  Ongoli. 

Cotate,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  the  Car- 
natic.    15  miles  SSE.  Travancore. 

Cotaringen,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Bor- 
neo, on  the  fouth  coull.  100  miles  W.  Ban- 
jar  MafJira. 


COT 

Coia-Tengak,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Bor- 
neo.    30  rnilcs  N.  Banjar  Mailin. 

Cofjtis,  or  Kittafis,  or  Cutais,  a  town  of 
Afia,  the  capital  of  Irinietta,  on  t:^c  river 
Riona,  containing  about  ico  ho;;fes,  and  a 
palace  for  the  prince  ;  the  walls  are  thick, 
and  it  isdefend-d  by  ftronjj  towers.  In  1 770, 
it  was  taken  by  the  Ru'Iians,  who  put  the 
Turkifa  ;z;arrifon  to  the  fword  ;  this  is  fiip- 
pofed  to  be  the  ancient  Cyta,  the  countrv  of 
Medea.  110  m.  VVNW.  Tcflis,  150  NNE. 
Erivin.  Long.  43.  10.  E.  Lat.  a,z.  26.  N. 

Cotay,  a  town  of  Peru  in  the  diocefe  of 
GuiHianga.  24  miles  NW.  Gu;-.ncavel:ca. 
Cotbaruivjer,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circ:ir  ot  Jyenagvr.  18  m.  ESE.  Parafaoli. 
Cothi'.s,  or  Cotuitz,  a  town  of  Lufatia,  the 
capital  of  a  circle  fituatcd  on  the  Spree,  late 
belonging  to  the  king  ol-  Piullia,  but  ceded 
bv  the  treaty  of  Tilfit.  in  ^g--^^  to  the  king 
of  Saxony.  It  was  pillaged  bv  the  Imperial 
troops  in  1631.  36  miles  SSW.  FrancKirt 
on  the  Oder,  48  NNE.  Drefdcn.  Lo!:g. 
14.    22.  E.  Lat.  51.  4j;    N. 

f  J/c",  (Z-^,)  one  of  the  richef}-,  moft  po- 
pulous, and  moft  beautiful  dillrids  in  Swif- 
ferland,inthecountryofYaud,abouLi5  miles 
in  length,  at  a  little  diftance  from  the  lake  of 
Genevaj  celebrated  fur  its  wine,  which  bears 
the  nameof  the  dilirici:. 

Cote,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Allahabad. 
27  miles  E.  Gazypour. 

Cote,  a  town  of  ?Iindooftan,  in  Allahabad. 
15  miles  SSW.  Currah. 

Cote  Coljurii,  a  town  of  Iiindoof,.in,  in  the 
fubah  of  Delhi.     18  miles  SE.  Rewari. 

Cote  d^Or,  a  department  of  France,  from 
a  mountain  of  that  name,  lituated  to  the 
fouth  of  Dijon.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north 
by  the  department  of  the  Aube,  on  the  north- 
eaft  by  the  Upper  Marne,  on  the  eaft  bv  the 
Upper  Saone,  on  the  fouth-eolt  by  the  de- 
partment of  Jura,  on  the  {">ui.h  by  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Saone  and  Loire,  and  on  the  weft 
by  the  departmentsof  Nyevre  and  Yonne.  It 
is  formed  chiefly  out  of  the  province  of  Bur- 
gundy. The  form  is  irregularly  oval.  65 
miles  from  north  to  fouth,  and  from  25  to  50 
from  ealt  to  weft.    Dijon  is  the  capital. 

Cote  St.  Ajidre,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Ifere  ;  celebrated  for  its 
wine.     18  miles  SE.  Vienne. 

Cotes  du  Nord,  {North  Ccajls,  Depart- 
i?ient  of,)  one  of  the  new  divifions  of  France, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Engliih  chan- 
nel, on  the  eaft  by  the  department  of  the 
lUe  and  Vilaine,  on  the  fouth  by  that  of 
Morbihan,  and  on  the  weft  by  that  of  Fi- 
nifterre  and  the  fea,  formed  of  a  part  of  what 
was  before  called  Bretagne;  about  65  miles 
from  eaft  to  v/eft;  and  27  to  45  from  north 
to  fouth.     St.  Brieuc  is  the  capital. 

Coteckney,  a  river  of  North-Carolina, 
which  runs  into  the  Nufe,  20  m.  W.Newbern. 

Tt» 


COT 

Coteer:,  a  town  orHi.dooftan,  in  the  cir- 
car  of  Cuddapa.     18  m.  NE.  G  ..■  'icotta. 

Cctewul,  a  town  of  the  iflan    ur  C\ylorl. 

20  m.  S.  Cand;,   LoNg.  8r.E.  Lut.  7.  15. N*. 

C-.tefivculd  Hills,  hills  of  England,  in'the 

county  of  Gl).  cel^er,  rcmarkab'e  for  the 

number  of  flicep  .e  M.eir.  and  thcgoodncfs 

of  the  wool;  a  few  mdL<:  SE.  of  Gioucfter. 

C.then,  a  town  of  Gcnuanv,  and  capital 

of  the  prmcitxih:v  of  Anh  It  Coihcn,  ct.n- 

taining  two  churches,   tw(j  fchools,  and  an 

crphan-houfe  i'or  Calvinifts  and  Lutherans. 

Here  rs  likewiie  an   liuf'-ital,  and  a  caftle 

where  the  prince  rcfldcs.  12  m.SVV.  DefTiu, 

ioE.Bernburg./,57;^.ii.4.E.7^j/.ci.47.N. 

Curhiheb,  a  town  of  Africa,  in   tiio  king- 

doni  of  Morocco,  in  the  province  of  Tcdia. 

Cothy,   a   river  of  South-Wale?,    in   the 

county  of  Caermarthen,  which  runs  into  the 

Tov/cy,  3  miles  ENE.  Caermarthen. 

Cotiari,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the  eaft  coafl 
of  Ceylon.  2omil;s  SSE.Trincamaly.  Long, 
81.  2>i-  E-  Lat.  8.  16   N. 

Cotiel,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Borneo. 
140  miles  N.  Banjar  Miflim. 

Cotigvac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var.     6  miles  E,  Barjcls. 

Cotignola,  a  town  ot  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Po,  built  in  the  vear 
1276  ;  it  is  fmall,  but  furrounded  with  walls 
and  di'ches.     25  miles  SSE.  Ferrara. 

Cotla,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Kitch- 
wana.  _  22  miles  SSW.  Ragoogur. 

Cofa,  a  town  of  Ilindooitan,  in  Vifiapour. 
40  miles  N\V.  Poonah. 

Coto,  or  Verhon,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the 
Have  coaft.    1 6  miles  ENE.  Cape  Mondego. 

Cotoca,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Chiquitos.  40  miles  NVV.Santa 
Cruz  de  la  Sierra  Nueva. 

C'Joinbo,  fee  Tombo. 

Cofopaxi,  a  mountain  of  Peru,  3126  toifes 
above  the  level  of  the  fca,  with  a  volcano, 
remarkable  for  its  frequent  violent  eruptions. 

Cotour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Myfore. 
14  miles  W.  Vencatighery. 

Cotpidly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  fViC 
country  of  Mewat.  8  miles  SSW.  Delhi, 
90  NNW.  Agra.     Long.  76.  50.  E.  Lat. 

Cot  ran,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Sennaar.  55 
miles  SW.  Gherri. 

Cotrona,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Principato 
Citra,  founded  by  a  colony  of  Greeks.     14' 
miles  W.  Cangiano. 

Cotroncl,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Ultra.     10  miles  W.  St.  Severina. 

Cotrona.  fee  Crotona. 

Cotrongiauo,  a  town  of  the  ifland  of  Sar- 
dinia.    10  miles  E.  Saffari. 

Cotta,  a  town  of  Saxony,  in  the  marg* 
gravatc  of  Meiflen.    4  milts  S.  Pima. 

Cottu,  a  town  of  Bengal.  18  miles  SW. 
Coragct, 


cot 

CotfCt  or  Cotttca,  a  town  of  Hindooftan, 
m  the  Nayrs  countrv.  18, m.  SE.  Tellichery. 

Cofla,i.  town  of  Hindooil?.n,in  Golconda. 
50  miles  \VSW.  R.achore. 

Coiiay  a  town  of  Hindoofban,  in  Dovvla- 
tabad.     16  miles  E-  Koudar. 

Cottacottay  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circarofCuddapa.     11  m.  SSW.  Combam. 

Cotiacotta,  atown  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore,     ao  miles  S.  Ta't^meri. 

Cottan,z  town  of  Little  Bukharia,  apiece 
of  confiderable  trade  between  the  Tartars 
and  the  Indian  merchants. 

Ccfrapalam,  a  towr  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnntic.     aa  miles  SE.  Nellore. 

Cotfcipilla^  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Garnatic.     26  m.  WNW.  Bomrauzepollam. 

Coila!}'dla,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore.     25  miles  Rettinghery. 

Calicrpl/ly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Gokonda.     28  miles  SE.  Warangole._ 

C<ittapollam.,  atown  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  oFCicacole.     10  miles  SW.  Cicacole. 

CotiapoUam,  atown  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Condapilly.    20  m.  N.  Cond;ipilly. 

Cottapollantt  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Golconda.     15  miles  S.  Culloor. 

Cottiipollajfiy  a  town  o|'  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.     17  miles  WSW.Gurramunda. 

Cotlapobor,  atown  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     31  rniles  NE.  Bomrauzepollam. 

Cottafi'veru,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfore.     22  miles  S.Tademeri. 

Cotte?ihacb,  a  town  of  Germany,'  in  the 
principality  of  Bayreuth.  3  miles  NvV. 
Bayreuih. 

ColUpmt,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bara- 
mauU     25  miles  E.  Parempoin-y. 

Cottilah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Mewat.  82  miles  S.  Delhi,  7a 
W.  Agra.     Lon^.  77.  7.  E.  Lat.  27. 24.  N. 

Coitiivar,  a  circar  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gii- 
zerat,  bounded  on  the  north  by  Chalawara, 
on  the  e;vft  by  Goelwara,  on  the  fou'-h  by 
Barrea,  and  on  the  weft  by  Sorut ;  about  60 
miles  long,  and  40  broad. 

yjottycoon,  a  town  of  Bengal.'  45  miles 
W.  Moorftiedabad 

Cotuah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bihar. 
45  miles  SE.  Bettiah. 

Cotulaki  a  town  of  Bengal.  15  miles 
SSW.  Palamow. 

Cotiunha,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  inBahar, 
which  gives  name  to  a  diftridt.  25  miles 
BE.  Saferam.  Long.  84'  24*  E.  Lat.  24. 
38.N. 

Cotuy,  Ely  a  town  of  the  ifiand  of  Hif- 
paniola.  no  miles  ESE.  Cape  Fran9ais, 
70  NNE.  St.  Domingo- _ 

Cotuy,  or  Tuna,  a  river, of  Hifpaniola, 
v/liich  pailes  by  F.l  Cotuvj  and  empties  it- 
felf  into  the  bay  of  Samara. 

Cot'-MaUy  HoJpzhipoHr,  a  fmall  province  of 
Bengal,  ibuth  of  DiDugepour, 


c  o  u 

Cotzio,  or  Cozzat,  a  town  of  Bofnia,  on 
the  river  Brave.  104  miles  SW.  Belgrade, 
T08  SE.  Banjaluka. 

Cova,  a  tbwn of  Portugal,  in  the  province 
of  Beira.     9  miles  NE.  Vifeu. 

Co-canryre,  a  town  of  Hindooft.an,  in  Ma- 
rav/ar.     20  miles  SSW. Tripatore. 

Coicang-yang,  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of 
Corea.     40  miles  SSE.  Koang-tcheou. 

Covarubias,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Caf- 
tile.     16  miles  S.  Burgos. 

Cotihbct  Elilnii  Veladeh,  fee  Kech. 

6V«Z'c'/;_>',  atownof  Palcftine,ancientlyEni- 
maus.  13  miles  NW.  Jerufalem. 

Couhoic,  a  town  on  the  north-eaft  coaft  of 
Sumatra.     Z/5«^.  99.  55.  E.  Lat.z.  18.  N. 

Coucha-Hotun,  a  town  of  Thibet.  180 
miles  WSW.  Tourfan.  Long.  84.  24.  E. 
Lat.  42.  52.  N.         . 

CoHchahar,  a  town  of  Adatic  Turkey,  in 
the  road  from  Smyrna  toTocat. 

Cou-chan,  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of  Co- 
rea.    85  miles  ENE.  Ning-ki-tao. 

Couchetou,  atown  of  Thibet.  27  miles 
ENE.  Ada-Hotun. 

Conches,  2.  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  12  miles  ESE. 
Autun. 

CoH-chi,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  the  province  of  Ho-aan.  30  miles 
ENE.  Kou-ang. 

Conchoianili,  a  clufter  of  fmall  ifiands,  in 
the  Grecian  Archipelago.  5  miles  SE. 
Stamphalia. 

Coiico.  '\  diftri6t  of  Africa,  governed  by  an 
independent  king  or  cliief.  The  country  is 
mountainous,  but  fertile,  and  is  lituated  be- 
tween Algiers  and  Boujeiah. 

Coiiconda,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Biafares,  on  the  Rio  Grande.  Long. 
II.  6.  "W.  Lat.  II.  15.  N. 

Couco::da-,  Little,  a  to v/n  of  Africa.  30 
miles  W.  Couconda. 

Coucov.-tchacfac,  a  tov/n  of  Thibet.  12 
miles  N  Cha-tchcou. 

Conso'iro?!,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aveiron.     27  m.  W.  Privas. 

Coney,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
m.ent  of  the  Aiinc,  lituated  on  the  Gife,  and 
feat  of  a  tribunal  :  it  is  divided  into  two 
parts,  called^Coucy  le  Chapel'e  and  Coucy 
IcCh.aieau.  iz  m.W.  Laon,  13  ESE.  Noyon. 

Couda,  a  town  of  the  kingdom  ot  Tunis. 
50  niiies-S.  Tunis. 

CoiuLt'ndly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore, ceded  to  Great-Britain  in  1799.  45 
miles  SE.  Seringapatam. 

Coudel,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  the  Foulis,  on  the  Senegal.  12  miles 
SW.  Goumel. 

Condray,  Le,  a  town  of  France.  6  miles 
NE^.  Paris. 

Coitdras.  an  Ifland  of  Canada,  in  the  rivc.r 
Si.  Laurence,  45  miles  below  Quebec. 


GOV 


C  O  U 


Carnatic,   on  the  lea  coaft.     Li  1 7  ^4,  it  \va: 
taken  by  Col.  Ciive.     20  miics  S.  Madras. 

Coventry.,  a  city  ofEngland,  in  the  county 
of  Warw.ck:  foi  leverat  centuries  c.ttv;er.icd 


by  King  Canute  tor  nuns,  who  U-ng  loon 
after  turned  out,  Lcotric  earl  of  Mercia,  in 
the  year  1040.  enlarged  and  in  a  nMnncr 
rebuilt  it :    lie  e:;dowed  it  with  iuch  revc- 


arich  and  f.ouriflu,;g  townon  accouot  ofits  nue:,    that   Rujjcrt   de   Linlev,   billiup    of 

manufactures.     The  number  uf  inhab'tiints,  Lichfield  and  Ci.elf^T,  transferred  the  cpif-. 

taken  at  diiTciect  periods   in  the  lall  200  copa!  f.e  hither ;  but   this  fee  a  few  yc.i 

years,  is  very  diircrtnt.     Before  1549^  they  after  returned  to  Lichtield  ;  vet  fo  as  tli 


u-s 
that 


were  found  to   have  been   15,000;  but  un  the  fun.  l:ilhop  is  llv led  biihop  uf^ Coventry 

that  violent  convuUion,  the  diflbiution,  trade  and  LichfieM.     A  ftoiy  has  been    handc4 

grew  fo  lov/,  and  ocoaiiu;.ed  fucli  a  defer-  down  for  f:ime  centuries,  that  Leofric,   the 

tion  of  people  from  the  ci-y,  as  to  .-educe  firit  lord  of  tliis  city,  being  angry  with  the 

them  to   3000.    To  remedy  this  evii,   Ed-  citizens,  oppreffe.l  'ihem  with  heavy  taxes. 


ward  VI.  granted  the  city  a  charter  for  an 
addi'ional  fair.  In  1644,  when  the  inha- 
bit' nts  wcr?  numbered,  from  the  apprehen  ■ 
lion  of  a  liege,   they  v.'ere  found  to  amount 


which  lie  i-elolved  not  tolelleiion  any  other 
ternisthan  thiithis  v.ife  Godiva,  who  inter- 
ceded carnellly  with  him  for  their  relief, 
ihould  ride  naked  through  t!ie  moll  fre- 
to  9500.  By  Bradford's  Survey  of  Coven-  qaented  part  of  the  city  ;  which,  if  wc  may 
try,  made  in  1748  and  1749,  '.here  appears    credit  the  common  report,  fhe  did,  covered 


to;^  ve  been  2065  houfes, and  12,117  people. 
In  iS-i,  the  number  or  houfes  wa^"  J134,  and 
of  mh  .bitants  16,034,  of  chefe  7002  were 
empJ.jved  in  trade  and  manufactures.  It 
VvT.s  furrounded  with  walls  in  the  14th  cen- 
tury, ti-.e  expences  of  which  were  defrayed 
by  aioney  arifing  from  taxes  on  wine,  malt, 


up  in  her  very  long  lair,  unfeen  of  any,  and 
delivered  her  citizc  is  of  Coventry  from  lijch 
a  number  of  taxes  tor  ever.  Coventry  con- 
tai  -,s  three  parilh  churches,  belides  fcveral 
places  ot  v.-orfliip  for  Dilfenters,  Methodjib, 
and  Quakers.  When  the  cathedral  was 
Handing,   Coventry   poflefltd  a  Hiatchlefs 


oxen,  hogs,   calves,  and  ilieep,   confumcd  gioup  or  churches,  all  Itanding  within  one 

in  Coventry.     Thefe   walls  were   in  great  cemetry.     St.  iNIichael's  at  prelent  is  a  fpc- 

ifrcngth  and  grandeur,  furniflied   with  32  chiien  of  the  molt   beautiful  Ikeple  in  Eu 

towers,  and  12  gates  ;  and  continued  till  the  rope  ;  every  p  trt  of  it  is  fo  finely  propor- 

22d  of  July   1661,   when  great  part  of  the  tionable,  that  Sir  Chriflophcr  Wren  fpoke 

wall,  moft  of  the  towers,  and  many  of  the  of  it  as  a  mafter-piece  of  a.  ch'  effure.  The 

gates,  were  pulled  down  by  order  of  Charles  principal  manufacffures  are  rlbi  ons,  gauzes, 

II.     When  the  king  fet  up  his  Ifandard  at  camblets,  &c.  A  little  out  Oi  thetown  is  the 

Nottingham,  he  fent  to  this  city  to  acqu;-.iot  head    of  the  great   canal  to    Oxford;  and 


another  canal  is  made  to  join  the  Staliord- 
fiiire  canal  near  Lichhelt}  :  the  former 
p.:lles  by  Brauniton,  and  of  taurfe  opens  a 
communication  by  water  between  Coventry 
and  London.  The  market  is  on  Friday. 
5c  miles  N.  Oxford,  91  NNW.  Londjn. 


them  that  he  meant  to  reiide  there'for  fom 
time,  and  defired  quarters  for  his  forces  in 
and  about  the  place.  The  mayor  and  al- 
dermen offered  to  receive  tlie  king,  but  re- 
fufed  admittance  to  any  of  the  foldiery.  In- 
cenfed  at  this,   Charles  attacked  the  city, 

and  widi  his  ordnance  forced  open  one  of    Long.  i.  30.  vV.  Lat.  52.  23.  N 
the  gates,  but  was  repulfcd  by  the  valour  of        Covi?itry.,  a  town  of  the  Itate  of  Connie - 
the  citizens,  and  obliged  to  retire  with  lofs.    ticut.     14  miles  NE.  Norv/icn. 
In  the  following  month  Coventry  was  regu-        Couer'ju,  \\.  town  of  France,  in  the  dc- 
larly  garriibned  \yK  the  parliament,  ar^  re-    partment  of  the  Lowti  Loii'e.     7  miles  W. 
mained  in  its  poflellion  during  the  whole    Nantes, 

war.  Coventry  was  incorporated  by  King  Covuripquk,  a  tov...  ot  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Edward  III.  and  the  fii  ft  mayor  was  chofen  Carnatic,  reinarkable  for  a  victory  obtained 
in   1348;  it    was   erecffed    into  a  county,    by  the  Bntilh  under  Colonel  Clive  over  the 


wUh  a  confiderable  dillricf,  in  the  year  145 1, 
by  Henry  YI.  Both  tlicfe  chartcis  were 
farther  confirmed  by  James  I.  It  fends  two 
members   to   parliament ;    the   number    of 


French  and  Indians  in  175^4;  the  Frcrjch 
threw  down  their  arms,  and  furrcndercd  pri- 
fbners  of  war.     9  miles  £.  Arcot. 

C-jiiriporuviyA  fortrefs  of  Hindooflan,  in 


voters  is   efcimated  at  about   3000.    Two    the  Mylore  county,  fiiuated  on  the  wtlHide 


parliaments  have  been  held  in  this  city.  The 
iirfl  in  1404,  by  Henry  lY.  v>'hicli  was  flyled 
Parliamentum  Lidoifloium,  fo  nam -d  from 
its  inveteracy  againft  the  clergy.  The  other 
in  1459,  by  Henry  YI.  and  was  called  Par- 


of  the  Cauvery.  60  miks  NNE.  Coimbctorc, 
65  SE.  Seringapatam.  Z.5/;^.  77.54-  E, 
Ldt.  II.  49'  ^^• 

Concjnoti,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Authion  by  two  flrtams,  ncir  Beau- 


c  o  u 


GOV 


fort,  in  the  department  of  the  Mayne  and 
Loire. 

Cottefnon,  a  river  of  France,  v/hich  runs 
into  the  Englifli  Channel,  Zo;?^.  2.  33.  W. 
Lat.  48.  30.  N. 

Couet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Rhine.  5  miles  SVV. 
Delmont. 

Coufa,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak.  12a 
miles  S.  Bagdat. 

Cougan,\\  town  of  China,  oft,he  third  rank, 
in  the  province  of  Pe-tche-li.     18  m.  N.  Pa. 
Cougin  pe,  a  polt  of  Chinefe  Tartary.  30 
miles  S.  Tchahan  Soubarkan. 

Couhe  Verac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Vienne.  9  miles  SSE. 
Luzignan. 

Co!iheJIo72,  or  Cohefton,  a  province  of  Per- 
fia,  bcunded  on  the  north  by  Chorafan,  on 
the  fouth-eaft  by  Segeltan,  on  the  fouth- 
weft  by  Irak,  and  on  the  north-weft  by  Co- 
mis  ;  about  220  miles  in  length,  and   from 


Coidney,  or  Foulney.,  a  river  of  England, 
which  runs  into  the  Oufe,  in  Yorklhire. 

Coulovibiers,  Les,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Vienne.  4  miles  NE. 
Luzignan. 

Coulombs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure  and  Loire,  near  No- 
gent  le  Roi. 

Coulovim'iers,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Seine  and  Marne,  and  feat 
of  a  tribunal.  30  miles  NE.  Melun,  24 
NNW.  Provins. 

Coulo':,  or  Dalai.,  a  large  lake  of  Chinefe 
Tartary,  in  the  country  of  the  Kalkas. 
Lo?ig.  116.  54.  E.  Lat.  49  N. 

Coulonge,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aifne.  13  miles  NE.  Cha- 
teau Thierry. 

Coidovges  les  Royatix,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Two  Sevres.  10 
miles  NNW.  Niort. 

Coidonghe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 


80  to  150  in  breadth.  Tabailcile  appears  the    partment  of  the  Orne.  7  m.  NE.  Domfront. 


principal  town. 

Covin,  fee  Couvin. 

Couir,  fee  Cui. 

Coulaha,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Faftern 
Indian  fca,  near  the  coaft  of  Malabar.  2 
milts  E.  Bombay. 

Coulavi,  a  town  of  Tinevelly,  on  the  fouth 
coaft  of  Hindooftan.  15  miles  NE.  Cape 
Comorin.     Loiig.Tj.zo.'E.  Laf.  S.xc.'N. 

Coulan,  a  feaport  town  of  Hindooftan,  on 
the  coaft  of  Malabar,  in  the  Tiavancore 
country,  fituated  on  a  navigable  river,  with 
a  eood  harbour.     On  the  firft  arrival  of  the 


Couhns,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loiret.     7  miles  SW.  Gien. 

Coidtfchi,  a  town  of  Thibet.  15  miles 
W.  Dharmfaleh. 

Couniour,  a  poft  of  Chinefe  Tartary. 
Long.  126.  17.  E.  Lat.  49.  38.  N. 

Coiuia,  or  Coyia,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
the  province  of  Eftramadura.  6  miles  SSE. 
Lifbon. 

Covolo,  a  fortrefs  of  the  Tyrolefe,  to 
guard  a  pafs  in  the  road  from  Germany  to 
Italy,  on  the  Brenta,  and  borders  of  the  Ve- 
ronefe,  v/here  the  Auftrians  v^ere  defeated 


Portuguefe  in  India,  this  place  was  governed    by  the  French,  in  September  1 796.    2c  miles 


by  a  que  n,  who  ruled  over  a  fmall  princi- 
pality. It  was  taken  from  the  Portuguefe 
by  the  Dutch,  in  1662.  Herbert  fays,  that 
at  one  time  it  contained  ioo,coo  inhabitants. 
52  miles  NW.  Travancore.  Long.  76.  34. 
E.  Lat.  8.  54-  N. 


N.  Vicenza,  23  E.  Trent. 

Coiinda,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Pal- 
naud.     14  miles  W.  Timercotta. 

CovordifH,  a  city  of  Holland,  in  OverifTel, 
the  capital  of  Drent,  one  of  the  ftrongeft 
places  in  the  United  Provinces,  in  the  form 


Coulanges  les  Vii!eufes,2itovjn  of  France,  of  a  regular  pentagon,  with  ieven  large  baf- 
in  the  department  of  the  Yonne,  celebrated  tions, called  after  the  names  of  tlie  provinces; 
for  its  vineyards.     6  miles  S.  Auxerre. 

Coulanges  fur  Tonne,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Yonne.  15  miles 
S.  Auxerre. 

Coulans,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Sarte.     7  miles  E.  Le  Mans. 

Couli'J'gur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  It  has  frequently  been  taken  and  retaken  by 
Carnatic.     17  miles  E.  Arcot.  the  Spaniards  and  Dutch  ;  the  latter  fortified 

Couleuvre,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de-  it  in  1579,  on  account  of  its  important  fitua- 
partment  of  the  Allier.     6  m.  NE.  Cerilly.     tion,  being  reckoned   the  key  of  the  pro- 

Couldi}:g\-  Harbour,  a  bay  on  the  weft  vincesof  Groningen  and  Frleiland;  dieSpa- 
coaft  of  North-America.  15  miles  N.  Port-  niards  took  it  in  1581.  Maurice  prince  of 
lock's  Harbour.  Orange  retook  it  for  the   States  in  1592; 

Loulibmtf,  a  town  of  Franc?,   in  the  de-    a  little  time  after,  the  Spaniards  attempted 


feven  half-moons,  and  feven  ravelins;  and 
belides,  a  fortrefs  furrounded  v/ith  five  other 
baftions,  and  a  double  ditch,  very  large  and 
deep  ;  the  ramparts  high  and  thick  :  added 
to  this,  its  fituation,  in  the  midft  of  a  moral's, 
renders   the  approach   extremely  difficult. 


partment  of  the  Calvados.     5    miles  ENE. 
Fal-nfe. 

Coulihaiit,  a  town  of  Doininica,  on  the 
weft  coaft.  i6miles  S.  Portfmouth.  Long. 
61.29.  W.  Lat.  15.  30.  N. 


to  blockade  it,  but  the  prince  obliged  them 
to  retire,  and  abandon  the  forts  which  they 
had  conftrudfed  in  the  environs.  In  the 
year  1672,  Covorden  was  ;.ttacked  by  Chrif- 
topher  Bernard  dc  Ghaelen,  bifliop  of  Mun- 


C  0  u 

iler,  and  taken  the  rit'a  of  July,  beinj^ 
lliamefully given  up  bythc  governor.  Charles 
de  Rabenhaut,  who  comnianded  the  Dutch 
forces,  being  informed  that  the  narrilbn, 
coniiding  in  the  ftreutrrh  of  the  place,  were 
verv  rcmifs  in  their  guard,  refolved  to  hir- 
prife  'i;  ;:nj  profiting  by  tlie  rigour  of  the 
lealon,  which  had  hozen  tlie  niorafs,  font 
ibmc  troops  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
Eyoergen,  who  arrived  at  Covorden  the  23d 
of  Dec  inber,  at  three  o'clock,  in  the  morn- 
ing, made  thtmfelves  mailers  of  the  city, 
killed  tiie  governor,  and  fent  the  g.irrifon 
pnlbneis  to  Groningen  In  1795,  Covorden 
\va .  taken  by  the  French.  60  miles  NE. 
Arnhemi,  45  S.  Embden.  Lofig.  6.  33.  E. 
Ija:.  5a.  42.  N. 

Conndour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Gcoty.     13  miles  S.  Gooty. 

CoiipaKg,  a  town  of  the  iiland  of  Timor, 
wiiefL"  ihe  Dutch  have  a  fettlement.  It  is 
lituated  in  a  large  bay,  which  affords  an 
excelle  i  road  for  iTiipping.     Lai.  10.  12.S. 

Coiipele,  a  defile  in  the  mountains,  between 
Hini  Owlt.n  and  Thibet,  eaft  of  the  Ganges, 
near  Loldong.  Here  was  a  celebrated  pa- 
goda, wMch  Vs-as  taken  by  Tmiur  Bee. 

Coupiac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aveiron.     18  miles  E.  Alby. 

Couptiain.,  a  toWn  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mayenne.  7  miles  N. 
Viiaine. 

Coui-,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loir  and  Cher.     9  m.  S.  Blois. 

Coura,  a  river  of  Portugal,  which  runs  into 
the  Duero,  4  miles  NE.  Lamego. 

Couradie.,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
har.     22  miles  S.  Arrah. 

Courantbiy  a  river  of  Guiana,  which  runs 
intc  the  Atlantic,  //C!;;^.5  7.26.W.  Lat.G.l^. 

Courbali,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Biafares.  Long. 14.  i^.W.  Lat.  11.45.  N. 

Cou?-bcv!-ajatou,  a  poll  of  Chinefe  Tar- 
tary,  in  the  coimtry  of  the  Kalkas.  Long. 
107.48.  E.  Z^/.42.  24.N. 

Conrbircille,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mayne.     7  m.  S W.Laval. 

Courcelle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Straits  of  Calais.  In  1688, 
Philip  king  of  France  was  defeated  near  this 
tov/n  by  Richard  I.  king  of  England.  6 
miles  NW.  Bapaume. 

Coarcelles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Marne.  12  miles  S. 
Langres. 

Courcka7jip,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mayne  and  Loire.  4  miles 
SW.  Saumur. 

Courcitc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayenne.  15  miles  E.  Mayenne, 
ID  NNE.  Ervy. 

Courcou,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Yonne.  12  miles  S.  Auxcrre. 
18  miles  E.  St.  Fargcau. 


c  o  u 

Coiircoufor,^  a  town  of  Afi.-i,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Thibet.     45  m.  NE.  Tolun-Hotun. 

Coiird;iuaugc,i'i<i:;x\o'i  France,  in  the 
department  ot  the  Marne.  3  miles  S.  Vitry 
le  Francois. 

Conrc,  a  pofl  of  Chinefe  Tartary.  Long. 
123.  51.  E.  Lilt.  46.  2.  N. 

Coargains,  a  tov/n  ot  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Sartc.    18  m.  N.  Le  Mam. 

Courgegur,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  My- 
fore.     i7"m:le.  W.  Sirpy. 

Courgis,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  d  jpart- 
mentof  the  Yonne.    5  miles  E.  Auxcrre. 

CourghauK,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Marne.  9  miles  WSW. 
Sezanne. 

Courgna,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Dora,  on  the  Oreo.  10  m. 
SW.  Ivrea. 

CourlanJ,  (Diitchy  of,)  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  gulf  of  Riga,  on  the  eaft  by 
the  gulf  of  Riga  and  Semigallia,  on  the 
fbuth  by  Samogitia,  and  on  the  weft  by  the 
B.iliic.  This  country  was  interwoven  with 
Livonia  till  the  year  1561,  when  it  was 
erefted  into  a  peculiar  dukedom  by  Goi- 
tard  Kettler,  who  held  it  as  a  fief  of  the 
crown  of  Poland.  In  the  beginning  of  the 
eighteenth  century  the  male  race  of  Kettler 
became  cxtindt.  In  1737,  the  Ruillan  inte- 
relf  prevailed,  and  Count  Ernell  John  Von 
Birom  was  elected  duke  by  the  nobility  of 
Courland,  in  oppofition  to  Poland.  In  1 796, 
it  loll  its  fmali  tide  to  independence,  and 
became  annexed  to  RufTia.  The  country  is 
fertile,  bears  good  corn,  and  great  quanti- 
ties of  excellent  flax.  The  woods  abound 
with  bears,  wolves,  and  elks.  The  religion 
is  chietly  Lutheran.  The  principal  towns 
are  Goldingen,Windau,  Libau,  Groben,  and 
Candau.     The  religion  is  chiefly  Lutheran. 

CowL',  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Two  Sevres.  15  miles  SW. 
Thouars. 

C'Airlin  IJIands,  two  fmall  iflands  near  the 
weft  coaft  of  Scotland.  4  miles  E.  from  the 
ifland  of  Scalpa. 

Coun/ictou,  a  tov.'n  of  Thibet,  aa  miles 
\V.  Orto. 

CotirmofiterJl,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Herault.  5  miles  W. 
Montpellicr. 

CourniH'r^n,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Drome.     12  miles  S.  Die. 

Cournon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Puy-de-D6mc.     z  m.  W.  billon. 

Couroni'.e,  (La,)  a  town  of  Fiance,  in 
the  department  of  the  Chaiente,  celebrated 
for  its  manutartures  of  paper.  3  miles  SW. 
Angoulcfiiie. 

CouroulUw,  a  town  of  Afia,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Thibet.     1 2  miles  S  W.  Harchar. 

Ccurpiac,  a  town  of  Irancc,  in  tlic  depart- 
ment ot  the  Gironde.     9  m.  NE.  Cadillac. 


c  o  u 

Gourptere,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Puy-de-D6me.  i8  miles 
E.  Clermont  Ferrand. 

Cours,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Dar-Fur.     12  miles  NNW.  Cobbe. 

C'Airfan,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  fhe  Aude.     3  miles  N.  Narbonne. 

Courfcgokks,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Var.     6  m.  N.  St.  Paul. 

Courfon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Charente.  12  miles  W. 
Rochelle. 

Courfo?:,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Yonne.  10  miles  SW.  Auxene. 
Court  ^//^/d'c'rw^/'/jaclufterof  fmall  iflands, 
or  rocks,  near  the  eaft  coaft  of  New  Zea- 
land, in  the  Southern  Pacific  Ocean,  fo  cal- 
led by  Capt.  (then  Lieut.)  Cook,  in  the  year 
1760-  They  lie  in  the  compaA  of  about 
half  a  league  every  way,  and  five  leagues 
from  the  main  ;  between  which  and  them  lie 
oth -r  iflands,  molt  of  them  barren  rocks,  of 
which  there  is  great  variety:  fome  of  them 
are  as  fmall  in  compafs  as  the  monument  at 
London,  but  rife  to  a  much  greater  height, 
and  fome  of  them  are  inhabited.  Lo:ig.  183. 
■37.  W.  Laf.  36.57.  S. 

Courta,  a  fort  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
2 2' miles  SE.  Durbungah,  Lotig.ZG.  26. E. 
LiJt.  26.  I.  N. 

Courtalluvi,   a  town    of  Hindooftan,   in 
the  Carnatic.  16  ra.WNW.  Tri  chinopolv. 
Courtall'MH,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.  '  30  miles  NE.  Tarjore. 

Conrtanvauxy  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Loir  and  Cher.  jam. 
W.  Vendome. 

Courteiiay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Loiret.  13  miles  SW.  Sens. 
Conrtsron,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aube.  6  m.  S.  Bar  fur  Seine. 
Courthezon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Mouths  of  the  Rhone,  fitu- 
ated  on  the  Seille,  and  containing  about 
2000  inhabitants.     3  miles  S.  Orange._ 

Courtlne,  (Let,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Creuze.  12  m.  S.Felletin, 
Courtifoit,   a  town  of  France,   in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Marne.     6  miles  NE.  Cha- 
lons fur  Marne. 

Cow  flary,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the 
territory  of  Bienn-e.    7  miles  NW.  Bienne. 

Courtmacjhery  Bay,  a  bay   on  the  fouth 
coaft  of  Ireland,  and  county  of  Cork.  Long. 
8.  40.  w.  z>^/;.  51-36.  N. 
^    Courtov!ei\  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Orne.     5  miles  E.  Seez. 

Conrtomie  la  Ville,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Calvados.  6  miles 
SE.  Lifieux. 

Coiirfruy,  called  by  the  Flemings  Ccr- 
tnck,  a  ov.'ii  of  France,  and  principal  place 
of  a  diftrirt,  in  the  departm^ent  of  the  Lys, 
(Jmatcd  on  that  river,  and  celebrated  for  its 


COT 

manufacture  of  table  linen.    Philip  the  Bold, 
duke  of  Burgundy,  and  conite  of  Flanders, 
built  a  ciiitle  in  1385,  and  fortified  the  city 
with  many  tov/ers.     In  the  year  1302,  the 
famous   battle   of  Spurs  was  fought  near 
Courtray,  between  the  French  and  Flemings, 
in  which  the  former  were  defeated  with  the 
lofs  of  20,000  men.    In  1382,  Charles  VI.  at- 
tacked the  Flemings,who  had  revolted  againft 
their  comte   Lewis,    and  having   defeated 
them    at  Rofebeck,  he  facked  and  burned 
Courtray.     This  town  was  often  taken  and 
retaken  in  the  laft  century;  the  French  be- 
came mailers  in  1643,  and  the  Marechal  de  la 
Ferte  Sennetere  obHged  the  Spaniards,  who 
had  begun  a  liege,  to  retire.     In   1645,  the 
King  of  Spain  took  it,  and  added  to  its  forti- 
fications.    In  1646,  the  Duke  of  Orleans, 
uncle  to^  Lewis  XIV.  took  it,  in  fight  of  the 
army  of  Spain,  commanded  by  the  Duke  of 
Lorraine,, who  could  give  it  no  fuccour;  the 
following  year  the  Archduke  Leopold  took 
it  from  the  French  by  afl'ault.     In  1667,  it 
was  again  taken  and  fortified  by  the  order 
of  Louis  XIV.  and  ceded  to  France  by  the 
treaty  of  Aix-la-Chapeile  in  1668.    In  1678, 
it  was  by  the  peace  of  Nimeguen  rertored 
to  Spain.    In  1683,  the  French  again  became 
maftersof  the  town  and  citadel,  which  they 
difmantled  in  1684,  and  reftored  to  Spain  in 
1697.      The   French  took  it  the  i8th   of 
June  1792,  under  the  command  of  General 
Luckner,  but  retired  from  it  loon  after.    In 
April  1794,  the  French  took  it  again.     22 
miles  SW.  Ghent,  24  S.  Bruges.     Long.  3. 
8.  E.  Lat.  50.  49.  N. 

CoiirvHle,  a  town  of  France,  in  thedepart- 
ment  of  the  Eure  and  Loire,  on  the  Eure. 
7  miles  W.  Chartres. 

Courz'iL'ux,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  30  m. 
W-  Lyons. 

Coufd,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  rifes  in 
Coneo,  and  runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Lat. 
7.5.S. 

Cour,  fee  Rous. 

Coufan,  or  Coujha,  a  town  of  Little  Buk- 
haria,  which  was  taken  and  plundered  by 
Timur  Bee.     70  miles  ENE.  Acfu. 

Coufancc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Jura.  10  miles  S.  Lons  le 
Saunier. 

Coujfay,  a  town  of  France,  in«the  depart- 
ment of  the  Vienna.     lo  m.  SSE.  Loudon. 
Coitjd,  lee  Kvfel. 

CouJJirgiics,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ayeiron.  29  miles  SE. 
Rhodez. 

Coujfcy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Vofges.    3  m  N.  Ncufchateau. 
Co:ij]on,  a  river  of  France,  which   runs 
into  the  Loire,  near  Blois. 

CotahoH,  a  town  of  Thibet.  25  miles  E- 
Manas-Hotun. 


cow 

Coufances,  a  city  ofFrmice,  and  capital  of 
the  dei-artmcnt  of  the  Channel;  before  the 
revoK:iion,  the  feat  of  a  governor,  and  lee  of 
p.  biihop.  The  principal  trade  is  in  .t>rain, 
butter,  and  cattle.  Ther«  are  manufai^Hinvs 
of  woollen  and  linen  cloth.  The  number 
of  inhabitants  is  about  50^.0.  13  ni.  WSVV. 
Bayeux.  Lon\^.  j.zt.W.  I,af.j,<).y   N. 

Cou-fcheng,  a  town  of  the  kmgdoni  of 
Corea.     37  miles  SW.  T(in-tcheou. 

Coii-tchiag,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
rank,  in  Pe-tche-li.     18  m.  SSW.  King. 

Cou-tchin-j;,  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of 
Corea.    -22  miles  SSE.  Koang-teneou. 

Cou-icking-kcon,  a  fmall  Ciiaiefe  ifland, 
Long.  120.  14.  E.  Lat-  x$.  ^-.  N. 

Couferue,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Orne.  10  miles  SE. 
Domfront 

Co!{-//i'>it  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third 
j-^nk,  in  Fo-k'en.     32  m  SSE.  Kien-nhing. 

Cout yunou-Hotiau  a  town  of  Cliinefe  Tar- 
tary.  227  miles  E.  Peking.  Long.  iii. 
33.  E.  Lat.  40.  28.  N. 

Coutour,  a  town  of  Hindoon:an,  in  Bindi- 
gul.     6  miles  N.  Ootanipaleam. 

Contra:,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde,  fituatedat  the  conflux 
of  the  iHe  and  Drome,  containing  abcuit 
2900  inhabitants.  In  O>fitober  1585,  a  battle 
was  fought  here  between  the  Catholics, 
tinder  the  Dukede  Joyeufe,  andthe  Kugue- 
rots,  commanded  by  the  King  of  Navarre, 
afterwards  Henry  IV.  in  perfon,  when  the 
latter  obtained  a  complete  victory.  The 
Duke  de  Joveufe  was  killed,  and  above 
50C0  of  his  troops  :  on  the  fide  of  the  King 
of  Navarre,  the  lofs  was  fmall.  9  miles 
NNE.^Libourne, 

Coutreki,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Oman,  on  the  fea  coaft.    Lat.  20. 58.  N, 

Couture,  {La,)  a.  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Straits  of  Calais.  4  m, 
KE,  Bethune, 

Couture  d' Argcjif'jn,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  two  Sevres.  24 
miles  SE.  Niort 

Coircertoirade,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Aveiron,  12  miles  SE. 
Miihau. 

Couvigno7i,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Aube.  3  miLs  W6W, 
Bar  fijr  Aube, 

Couvhi,  or  Culv'in,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Ourthe.  15  miles 
SSV/.  Liege. 

Cou:<ea,  a  town  of  Upper  Guinea,  in  the 
country  of  Sierra  Leona.  Long.  9,  24,  W. 
Lat.  7,  30.  N, 

.  Cou-yaiig,  a  town  of  the  kingdom  of  Co- 
rea.    5  miles  SW.  Tfin-tcheou. 

CoHzon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ardennes.     9  miles  SE.  Sedan. 

Coiij,  a  rock  on  the  fcuth  coait  of  Ireland, 


c  0  w 

about  a  mile  E.  from  tiie  Bull,   Lor.g.  xa. 

7,  W,/.w/.  51.  32.  N. 

C'j-.v   Jjla-d;   a  fmall  iilind   in     Talk's 
Palfiigc,  between  the  coniii.cnt  of  Hindoo- 
Itan   and  Ceylon.     Long.  ;<).  50.  V.,  Lat, 
9.  37.  N. 
-   Co'vj  Ijland,  fee  Btijfaloe  IjJand. 

Co-<:,  or  Co'vviull-,  a  river  of  Ilinduoftan, 
whichruns  intotheSind,  30m.  be'...w.^trock. 

Co-iv  and  Calf,  rocks  near  tiie  ea(l  ooall 
of  Ireland,  in  Dundrum  bay.  4  m,  W.St. 
John'sPoiiu.  Long.i^.i,a.\\' .  /,<?/. 54. 13. N. 

Coival,  adilfnct  of  Argylelhirc,  extend- 
ing as  a  peninfula  between  Loch  Fine  ;in4 
tl.e  Friih  of  Clvdc. 

Cg^ and  Calf,  rocks  at  the  foiith  entrance 
of  the  Englifli  Channel,  on  the  coall  of 
Cornwall.  Long.  5.  2.  W.  Lat.  50.33.  N. 

Co'w  and  Calf,  two  llnail  iilands  in  tlic 
Ealtern  Indian  fea.  Long.  93.  45.  E.  J.at. 
14,  51,  N, 

Co-jj's  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
coaft  of  Bengucl.i. 

Covj  Fajhirc  Rher,  a  ri\cr  of  Virginia, 
which  runs  into  J.uncs  river,     Long.   80. 

8.  W.  Z.7/.37.  45    N. 

Coivanjljanock  Creek,  a  river  of  Pennfyl- 
vania,  which  runs  into  the  Allegany,  Long. 
79.  30.  W.  Lat.  40.  53.  N. 

Co-vay  Stakes,  a  place  of  England,  n^ar 
Clieitiey,  where  Cxfar  is  laid  to  have  palled 
the  Thames, 

Co-vbri.lge,  a  tov/n  of  South-Wales,  in 
the  county  of  Gla  noigan,  with  a  weekly 
market  on  Tuefday,  and  759  inhabitants. 
TliC  Eaifcr  quarter-feliijns  for  the  county 
are  held  here.  12  miles  W.  CarditT,  176 
WNW.  London. 

Cowda,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  co'untry 
of  Tunis.     5  miles  NW, 'Funis. 

Co'ivee,  a  town  of  United  Amer'ci,  in  the 
Tenaffee  government.     34  m.  S-  Knoxville. 

Co'wen,  a  river  of  Wales,  wliich  runs  into 
the  Tave,  in  the  county  of  Caermarthen. 

Coives,  a  feaport  '.own  on  the  north  coaft 
of  the  Ifle  of  Wight,  (ituated  on  the  river 
Mcden,  which  divides  it  into  c.ilt  and  weft 
Cowes.  The  harbour  is  as  f.ife  as  any  in 
the  Britilh  Channrl,  and  by  fir  the  moft 
convenient  for  vcffel;,  bound  10  Holland, 
and  the  eaft  countries;  and  is  much  fre- 
quented by  Ihips  to  repair  d  miages  faf- 
taintd  at  fea,  and  to  water,  until  the  fea fi in 
permit  them  to  procc-d  on  their  refpc(^tivc 
voyages.  Several  ihips  of  war  have  been 
built  at  this  port.  Cowes  was  witliout  a 
name  till  Henry  VIII.  built  here,  and  on  the 
oppolite  point  at  E;i!t  Cowes,  two  forts  or 
bloek-houfes,  for  the  fecurity  of  the  illand 
and  road.  The  town  of  Weft  Cowes  Hands 
on  a  riling  ground,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Meden  :  tlie  view  on  appro.iching  it 
it  by  fea  is  very  beautiful :  it  owt;s  its  origin 
and  incrcafc  to  its  cxcclkot  harbour,  where 


COY 


C  R  A 


fliips  are  not  only  fecure  from  ftorms,  but  fo 
happily  lituated  as  to  be  able  to  turn  out, 
either  to  the  ealhvard  or  wcirvard,  when- 
ever a  fair  wind  offers.  The  town  is  well 
peopled,  and  enjoys  a  good  trade  for  the 
falc  of  provifions;  efpecially  in  time  of  war, 
when  large  fleets  of  nierchant-fhips  often 
ride  here  for  feveral  weeks,  waiting  either 
for  wind  or  convoy.  The  town  is  but  in- 
difFerentlv  br.i't,  and  the  ftreets  are  verv 
narrow.  PafTage  beats  are  continually  paf- 
iing  between  this  place  ;ind  Portfmouth  and 
Southampton;  and  the  packet  with  the  mail 
from  the  ifland  to  London  fails  from  hence. 
9  miles  WSV\^.  Portfmouth,  lo  SSE.  South- 
ampton. Weft  Cowes  fort  is  fituated  Lo?tg^ 
I.  17.  W.  Lat.  50.  46.  N. 

Coivie,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  runs, 
into  the  fea  a  little  to  the  north  of  Stone- 
haven, in  the  county  of  Kincardine. 

Comjre,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Kincar- 
dinefiiire,  erected  into  a  burgh  of  barony  by 
Malcolm  Canmure  ;  near  it  are  the  remains 
cf  an  ancient  caftle.  2  miles  N.  Stonehaven. 

Coivie,  {El,)  a  town  of  Nubia.  18  miles 
S.  Teilowir. 

Coivijhar,  a  town  of  Thibet.  Lo-ng.%o. 
40.  E.  1  ,at.  32.  ID.  N. 

Co^vkparah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Bengal.    40  miles  W.  Midnapour. 

Convley,  one  ot  the  Galiapagos  iflands, 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  fituated  on  the  ecjui- 
roctial-  line. 

Convlydroog,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Bednore.     6  miles  S.  Bednore. 

Coivpens,  a  place  of  North-Carolina, 
where,  in  1781,  the  Britifli  troops  under 
Colonel  Tarleton  were  defeated  by  the 
Anicricans  under  Colonel  Morgan.  The 
cannon,  colours,  and  baggage-waggons,  fell 
into  tloe  hands  of  the  vidors.  The  lofs  of 
t':  e  Britifli  troops  in  this  unfortunate  affair 
amounted  to  at  leaft  6co  men,  and  of  them 
near  one  half  killed  and  wounded.  The 
k-fs  of  the  Americans,  accoiding  to  their 
account  of  it,  was  fo  fmail  as  icarce'y  to 
defevve  credit;   la  killed  and  60  v/ounded. 

Coivra,  a  town  of  Bengal.  10  miles  from 
I-Ioi>nda. 

Co':vrc'ea,  a  town  of  Ecngai.  10  miles 
W.  Rogonatpour. 

Coivtah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Cude. 
!<)  miles  ESE.  Lucknow. 

Convyat,  a  town  of  Burrnah,  on  the  Ira- 
waddy.     35  miles  W.  Ava. 

Co^s  'To'wni  a  town  of  Virginia,  in  the 
Potomack.     20  mdcs  N.  Winchtiter. 

C0X'yva,  a  town  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Lu9on.  Long.  120.  47.  %.  Lat. 
16.  54.   N. 

Coxn\.-'yck,  a  town  o'l  Norway.  44  miles 
NNE.  Pvomfdal. 

Ccya-,  a  linall  ifland  near  the  weft  coaft 
of  Scotland.  Long-S'  12.  W.  Lat.  38.  5.  K. 


Coyama,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
provinceof  Popayan.  115  m.in  :'E.Popayan. 

Coyha,  an  ifland  in  the  l\;.;ific  Ocean, 
near  the  coaft  of  Mexico.  12  miles  long, 
and  5  broad.  Lat.  7.58.  N. 

Coyeah,  a  town  of  Kndooftar,  in  Oude. 
24  miles  SV/.  Kairabad. 

Coyegei?.-,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  dc- 
partiTjcnt  of  the  Lys.     6  miles  S.  Courtray. 

Coyeta,  atov/ri  of  United  America,  in  the 
TenafTee  government.   20  m.  W.  Knoxville. 

Coygacb  Point,  fee  R:i  Mere. 

Coyl,  a  river  of  Kindooftan,  whicn  rifes 
twenty  miles  N.  from  Chuta  Nagpour,  in 
the  province  of  Bahar,  and  joins  the  Soane, 
34  miles  S.  Conjoor  :  they  both  together 
form  the  Bramne. 

Coyna,  fee  Couna. 

Coypn,  a  river  of  Chili,  which  runs  into 
the  Ralema  nearPuren. 

Ccyr,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Berar. 
60  miles  N.  Berar, 

Coyro7i,  a  mountain  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Ardeche,  which  gives 
name  to  a  diftrift. 

Coytlaftla,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tlafcala.     15  m.  NW.  Vera  Cruz. 

Coz,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  province 
of  Tra  los  Montes.     12  miles  SW.  Leyria. 

Cozachi,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  New  Bifcav.     140  m.  NW.  Parral. 

Coz];,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Charente.  12  miles 
SSW.  Saintcs. 

Coziuiid,  an  ifland  cf  North-America, 
near  the  eaft  coaft  of  Yucatan,  inhabited  by 
n;itivc  Indians:  the  country  is  fertile,  and 
abundant  in  fowl  and  cattle.  In  15 19, 
Cortes  touched  at  this  ifland  in  his  expedi- 
tion to  Mexico,  wh.en  he  found  Jerom  de 
A-guilar,  a  Spanidi  dean;  who,  in  going 
from  Darien  to  Hifpaniola  a  few  years  be- 
fore, had  been  taken  prifbner  and  made  a 
flave  to  the  Indians.  On  the  arrivalof  Cortes, 
he  obtained  his  liberty,  and  became  his  in- 
terpreter, having  learned  the  language. 
40  miles  long,  and  fiom  3  to  10  wide.  Long. 
87.  58.  W.^Lat.  i9.56."N. 

Cozza,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  iu 
Bofhia.     30  miles  SSE.  Bofnaferai. 

Cozzam,  a  tovi^n  of  the  ifland  of  Corfica. 
21  miles  E.-Ajaccio. 

Cozzo,  a  tov/n  of  Italy,  in  the  department 
of  the  Gogna.  16  miles  S.  Novara,  9  SW. 
Vigevano. 

Cral'  Ijland,  fee  Blcka. 

Crab  JJIand,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Cambodia,  near  the  coaftof  Chi- 
ampa.  Long.  106.  27.  E.  I^at.  10.  15.  N. 

Ciab  Vally,  a  bay  on  the  welt  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Antigua.     2  m.  S.  Reed  Point. 

Crahhcr.da.  a  village  of  Holland,  taken 
by  the  Engl  fh  in  September  1799.  ^  "^• 
N.  Alcmaer. 


C  R  A 

Cracatociy  an  iflandin  the  Eaftern  Indian, 
fea.  This  is  the  fouthernmoil  of  a  group 
of  iflands  in  the  entrance  of  the  Strait  of 
Sunda,  about  three  leagues  in  circumference. 
Cracatoa  is  efteemed  very  healthy  in  com- 
parifon  of  the  neighbouring  countries.  It 
confifts  of  high  hmd,  riling  gradually  on 
all  fides  from  the  fea,  and  the  whole  is  co- 
vered with  trees,  except  a  few  fpots  which 
the  natives  have  cleared  foi  rice  Helds.  The 
number  of  people  on  the  ifland  is  very  in- 
confiderable.  Their  chief,  like  thofe  of  all 
the  odier  iflands  in  the  ftrait,  is  fuhjecft  to 
the  king  of  Bantam,  The  coral  reefs  afFord 
plenty  of  fmall  turtles,  but  other  refrefli- 
ments  are  very  fcarce,  and  fold  at  an  enor- 
mous price.  On  the  full  and  change  days, 
it  is  high  water  at  feven  in  the  morning; 
the  water  rifes  three  feet  two  inches  pci- 
pendicular.     Long.  10%.  15.  E.  Lat.  6.  9.  S. 

Cracnii,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Magde- 
burg.    2  miles  ESE.  Magdeburg. 

Crachy  a  fortrefs  of  Arabia  Petra^a,  built 
in  the  twelfth  century,  by  a  Saracen  lord, 
on  the  iite  of  the  ancient  Petra. 

Crackerout,  a  town  of  Prullia,  in  the 
circle  of  Samland.     25  miles  SSW.  Memel. 

Cracoy  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Balilicita.  8 
miles  NNW.  Turfi. 

Cracovia,  apalatinateof  Poland,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Siradia,  on  the  north- eall 
by  that  of  S.mdoniir,  on  the  fouth  by  Hun- 
gary, and  on  the  weft  by  Siletia.  It  belongs 
to  Auitria,  and  is  annexed  to  the  kingdom 
of  Galicia.  The  principal  towns  are  Cra- 
cow and  Landfcron. 

Craroiu,  a  city  of  Auftrian  Poland,  and 
capital  of  a  palatinate  of  the  fame  name, 
fituated  on  the  Viftula,  where  it  is  joined 
by  the  Radawa;  built  by  Cracus  I.  king  of 
Poland,  with  fpoils  taken  from  the  Franks, 
and  by  him  made*  the  capital  of  the  king- 
dom. The  town  is  furrounded  by  Vvfalls, 
large,  and  well  built:  the  ftreets  wide  and 
itraight,  but  badly  paved.  It  contains  ieveral 
churches  and  convents;  on  the  weft  iide  is 
a  faiixbourg,  with  a  palace  which  belonged 
to  the  kirig,  walled  round:  on  the  foudilide 
is  a  royal  caftle  near  the  bank  of  the  Viftula, 
alfo  walled  round,  and  defended  with  towers 
and  baftions.  The  cathedral  is  not  large, 
and  rather  rich  than  handfome:  here  was 
preferved  a  confiderable  treafure  in  the  regal 
jewels,  the  crown,  the  Iceptre,  and  the  globe, 
ufed  at  the  coronation  of  the  kings.  Here 
they  were  crowned  for  near  five  centuries, 
until  the  laft,  who  was  crowned  at  Warlaw; 
here  too  they  were  buried.  It  is  dedicated 
to  St.  Staniflaus,  biihop  of  Cracow,  who 
was  killed  by  King  Boleflaus  II.  at  the  altar 
of  a  church,  (ituated  on  a  hill,  named  Skalka, 
near  the  city.  The  day  before  the  corona- 
tion, it  was  cuftomary  for  the  king  eleft  to 
walk  to  tliis  church,  as  if  to  e.Kpiate  the 


C   R  A 

crimes  of  his  prcdccclfir.  Crncow  is  the 
lee  of  a  bifhop,  <.  i!-!  !  in  .ne  year  1000, 
and  ranks  the  iirl>  i/iliop  in  that  kingdom. 
This  city  was  forn.tilv  near  the  centre  of 
Poland,  but  was  in  the  year  1792  a  tronder 
town;  it  occupies  a  gieat  fpace  of  giound, 
yet,  with  it.-,  fuburbs  uni-ed,  haidiv  contaias 
16,000  inhabitants.  The  devaltatinn  was 
begun  by  Charles  XII.  king  of  Sweden, 
who  took  it  at  the  beginning  of  the  laft 
century,  but  it  fufiered  ftll  more  feverciy 
in  the  late  invafion  by  the  Ru!iians  ani 
Prufiians.  In  1769,  it  was  taken  by  the  Ruf- 
fians urder  Suw.irrow.  The  caftle  h>.ld  out 
for  ionie  time,  but  being  in  want  of  pro- 
vilions  it  furrendered  at  length  upon  ho, 
nourableterms.  Kofi. iufl-iodruvc out.i Rulfian 
garrifon  in  March  1794,  "but  being  called  to 
the  fupport  of  Warlaw,  Ciiicow  was  obliged 
tofurrenderatdifjretiont')  tlictroopsofPrul- 
fia  on  the  ri;th  of  June.  '.o'.Kjwing.  264  m. 
S.  Konigfbeig,  and  128  SSW.  Warlaw. 
Long.  19.  50.  E    L  it.  50.   6.  N. 

Cradley,  a  townlhip  of  England,  in  Wor- 
cefteifliire.  In  1801,  the  nun.b.r  of  inha- 
bitants was  1434,  of  whom  68j  were  em- 
ployed in  trade  and  manufadures.  5  miles 
NE.  Stourbridge. 

Cradoit  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  flavc 
coaft.  Long.  3.  10.  E.  l.at.  6.  30.  N. 

Crail'ur'j;,  a  town  of  B.tvaiia.  10  miles 
NE.  Wallerburg. 

Cra'xh,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  nins 
into  the  Rhine,  oppofite  Spire. 

CraJg-yllvie,  a  mountain  of  Scodand,  ia 
the  fov.Ji-welt  part  of  the  county  of  .Mur- 
lav,  a  'iitle  to  the  north  of  tiiC  river  Si-ey. 

Craigij/!,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Perth.     15  miles  NW.  Penh. 

Craighenyon,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in 
the  county  of  Perth.     3  m.  NE.  Calknder. 

Cralgch^r.ichatit  .1  place  of  Scoilar.d,  near 
Kincardine  in  Rofslhire,  v/here  the  Marques 
of  Montrofe  was  defeated  by  Col.  Strachan.^ 

CrLiig  Da'cie,  or  Bcrvl;;  Broiv,  a  cape  of 
Scotland,  on  the  ealt  coall  of  the  county  of 
Kincardine.     Laf.  ^6.4<)-  N. 

CraigeriLiive,  a  fmall  dland  near  the  weft 
ccalt  of  Scotland.  4  miles  E.  from  the 
illand  of  Jura, 

Cra'ggiig  Point,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on 
the  ealt  coaft  of  the  coun  y  of  Sutherl.ii)d. 
16  miles  NE.  Dornoch.  Long.  3.  38.  VV. 
Z,.7/.58.  3.  N. 

Craig-Leith,  a  finall  ifl.;nd  of  Scotland, 
in  the  Forth,  about  a  mile  N.  Berwick. 
Long.  2.  46.  W.  Lat.  56.  5.  N. 

Craig  Logan,  a  cape  oi  Scotland,  on  the 
north-weft  extremity  of  the  county  of  A'ig- 
ton.    9  miles  NNW.  Strathrawcr. 

Craigwilbr-  Cajlle,  an  ancieuj  fortrefs  of 
Scotland,  once  a  royal  caftle,  and  the  rcfi- 
dence  of  James  V.  during  his  minority,  and 
of  Qoeeo  Mary  after  her  return  from  I'rancc 


C  R  A 


C  R  A 


in  i,?-6i.  It  was  a  place  of  confinement  for 
the  Eavl  of  Mar,  younger  brother  to  James 
3TI.  In  1554,  it  was  burned  by  the  Enghfa. 
3  miles  S.  Edinburgh. 

Craigoiv,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  In  vernefs.  18  mcE.Fort  Ausufcus, 


Cranhrook,  z  town  of  England,  in.  the 
county  of  Kent.  In  this  town  fome  o'i  the 
inhabitants  of  Louvain,  after  a  quarrel  with 
the  Duke  of  Brabant,  lirft  ellab'iflied  the 
woollen  manufadure,  under  the  protection 
of  Edward  III.  in  the  fovirteenth  century. 


Crail,  atownofScotla.nd,  in  the  county  of  It  has  a  market  on  Satuiday,  and  2561  inha 

Fife,  erecfted  into  a  burgh  by  Robert  Bruce;  bitants.  13  miles  S. Maidilone,  and  48  SSE. 

and  unites  with  Anftruther,  Kilrenny,  and  London.  Long.  0.40.  E.  Lat.  50.  SS'  '^• 
Pittenweem  to  fend  one  member.   It  confiflis         Crar.bnrji,  a  town    of  England,   in    the 

of  two  principal  iireets,  extending  parallel  county  of  Dorfet,  on  the  borders  of  Hamp- 

along  the   fliore,  which  is  high  and  il:ecp.  fi^-ire  and  Wilts,  iituated  near  a  large  chace 

The  number  of  inhabitaiits,  in    1801,  was  which  extends  as  far  as  Salifbury  ;  it  has  a 

1650;  and  their  chief  employment  is  fidiing.  market  on  Thuriday,  with  140;  inhabitants. 

At  Ci ail  a  batde  was  fought  between  the  J2  miles  SVV.  Salifbury,  98  WSW.  London. 

Danes  and  the  Scots.      18  miles   SE.  St.  Lo?ig.  1.  ^'4.W.  Lat.  so,  s^-^- 
Andrews,  39  NE.  Edinburgh.    Long.  %.  4^.        Cranbury,   a  town  of  New  Jerfey.     11 


W.  Lat.  56.  14.  N. 

Crai /I, or  Crainhurg,  a  town  of  tlie  dutch y 
of  Carniola,  on  the  Save,  which  contains  5 
churches  and  a  convent.     It  was  foraierly 


miles  SSW,  New  Brunfwick. 

Crane  Ijland,  an  ifland  in  the  Potomack. 
30  miles  SW.  Annapolis. 

Crane  IJland,  a  narrow  ifland,  about  fix 


therefidence  of  the  marggraves,  who  received    miles  in  length,  in  Hunting  Sound,  on  the 


their  title  from  the  town.  In  it  is  a  citadel, 
20  miles  W.Laubach,2o  N.  Trielle.  Long. 
14.  II.  E.  Lat.  46.  20.  N. 

Crainberg,   a  mountain  of  Carniola.     6 
miles  NW.  Feldes. 


coall  of  North-Carolina.  Long.  76.  45.  W. 
Lat.  34.  40.  N. 

Cranenbtirg,  a  town  of  France,   in  tlie 

department  of  the  Roer,  ieparated  from  the 

dutchv  of  Cieves;  formerly  Imperial,  and 

Craii'fdd,  a  town  of  Germany,  in    the    fui rounded  with  walls  in  the  year  1414.     It 

ptincipalityof  Upper Ileile.  14  m.  W.  Fulda.     contains  one  Roman  Catholic  and  one  Pro- 

Crakau,  or   Kroka,  a  town  of  Saxony,    tefhtnt  church-   This  town  was  granted  to  a 

in  the  raarggravate  of  Mcifl'cn.     19   miles    phyfician  for  the  term  of  his  life,  for  having 

NNE.  Drellien.  recovered   the   eledor   Frederick   Williani 

Crakau,  a  town  of  Prudia,  in  Ponierelia.    from  a  difeafe  likely  to  prove  mortal. 


3  m. 
W.  Cieves. 

Craney  Ijlandy  a  fmall  ifland  of  Virginia, 
in  James  river.  Long.  76.  2$-  ^^ '  Lat. 
37.  I.N. 

Cranjudd,  a  t.ownfliip  of  England,  in 
Bcdfordfhire.  In  1801,  the  number  of  in- 
habitants was  961,  of  whom  ^51  were  em- 
ployed in  trade  and  manufai^tures.  6  miles 
SSW.  Bedford. 

Cranganore,  a  town  of  India,  in  the 
in  ifland  formed  by  a  fmall  river,  near  the  country  of  Cochin,  fituatcd  on  the  coaft  of 
Sa/e.  52  miles  E.  Carliladt,  156  S.  Vi-  Malabar,  with  an  irregular  fortrefs,  built  by 
e  ina.  Lon.g.  17.  30.  E.  Lat.  45.  44.  N.  the  Portuguefe:  from  whom  it  was  taken  by 
Cranici'.tan,  a  town  on  the  louth  coaft  of  the  Dutch  in  1662.  The  Dutch  fold  it,  in 
the  iiland   of  Borneo.    Jjong.   114.   18.  E.    the  year  1789,  to  the  rajah  of  Travancore, 


10  miles  NNV/.  Marienburg. 

Crake,  a  river  of  England,  which  rifcs 
in  the  part  of  Lancafhire  called  Furnefs, 
and  joins  the  Leven  at  its  mouth. 

Crakcuijh  Fohit,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on 
the  well  ccall:  of  the  ifland  of  Skye.  Long. 
6.  19.  W.  Lat.K,-],  14.  N.  _ 

Crakoln,  a  town  of  Pruhia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ermeland.     8  miles  E.  Heill'berg. 

C'-alkvavelika,  a  town  c;f  Sciavonia,   on 


Lat.  3.  13.  S. 

Cramlovo,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Cracow.     32  m.  NvV.  Cracow. 

Crawond,  a  town  o't  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Edinburgh,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
rivir  Almond,  which  forms  a  harbour  for 
frial!  veflels.  Here  are  veftiges  of  a  Roman 
It.ition.  _  5  miles  W.  F.dinbuigh. 

Cramond,  a  fmail  ifland  of  Scotland,  in 
tie  Forth.     4  miles  NW.  Leith. 

Cranipel,  a  river  of  Geimany,  which 
runs  into  the  Ihne  at  Stargard. 

Cranachj  fee  Cronach. 

Cranach,  a  river  of  Gernianv,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Franconia,  which  runs  into  the  Rc- 
tacii  near  Crunach. 


which  caufed  a  war  betv/een  the  Engliih  and 
Tippoo  Sultan  king  of  the  Mvfore,  who 
diiputed  the  right  of  the  Dutch  to  difpofe 
of  it,  and  actually  took  poflelfion  of  it  in 
1790.  It  was  however  taken  by  the  Englifli 
foon  after.  58  miles  SSE.  Calicut.  Long. 
75.  58.  E.Lat.  10.23.  N. 

Crangcn,  a  town  of  Hinder  Pomerania. 
6  miles  NNE.  Polnow,  16  E.  Cofslin. 

Cranpfchen,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Culm.     4.  miles  E.  Thorn. 

Craid'ac,  a  village  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Avciron,  celebrated  for  iis 
mineral  waters.     15  miles  NW.  Rhodez. 

Crantz.perg,^x.o\vvL  and  caille  of  Bavaria, 
16  miles  NNE.  Munich. 


C  R  A 

Cmorr,  a  tov/ti  of  France,  and  prlncli)dl 
place  of  a  t^i!;^:i'^\',  in  the  department  of  the 
Mavenne,  near  the  river  Oudon.  9  miles 
W.  Chateau  Gontier,  5  S.  Laval.  Lo7ig. 
o.  53.  \V.  La^.  47.  51.  N. 

Craon,  a  town  of  HiiiJooftan,  in  Ecrar. 
50  miles  WNW.  Mahur. 

Craonnc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment ^^v  the  y^ifne.     10  miles  SE.  Laon. 

Crapak,  a  long  chain  of  mountains  be- 
tween Poland,  Hungary,  and  Tranfilvania. 

Cr.ipfhiwj:,  a  town  of  Prul7.a,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Oberland.     5  miles  S.  Ofterrod. 

Crap:  1:0,  a  town  of  Naples.  20  miles  W. 
Vieftc. 

Craporv'.c^  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Loire.  18  miles  N. 
Le  Puy  en  Velay. 

dajla.  a  mountain  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Albania.     4  miles  N.  Albafano. 

CrajJaaovitza.,  a  town  of  Croatia,  on  the 
river  Unna.  a6  miles  NW.  Banjaiiika,  20 
SW.  GTadilca. 

Crnfl,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  rifcs  about 
four  miles  S.Cofenza,  and  runs  into  the  gulf 
of  Tarento,  Lo/rg.  16.  4;,-  E.  Lai.  39.  45. N. 

CrLjtiuen,  a  town  ot  Prufiia,  in  the  circle 
of  Natangen.     28  miles  S.  Raftenburg. 

Crato,  (0,)  a  town  of  Portug;.!,  in  Eftra- 
madura,  furrov.nded  by  an  ancient  wall,  and 
containing  a  church,  an  hofpital,  and  a  con- 
vent. This  town  belonged  to  the  knights 
of  Malta.  In  1662,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Spaniards  fword  in  hand :  the  governor  was 
fliot.  10  miles  W.  Portalegre,  43  N.  Evora. 
Long.  7.  21.  W.  Lat.  39.  9.  N. 

Cratoivfiefs,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coail  of 
Scotland,  in  the  county  of  Kincardine.  3 
miles  S.  Stonehaven. 

Cravant,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  the  Yonne,  remarkable  for  a  battle 
fought  here  in  the  year  1423,  between  the 
£ngli(h  and  the  French.    9  m.  SE.  Auxerre. 

Crav'itore,  a  town  of  Hindoofcan,  in  the 
circar of  Aurungabad.  70  m.  E. Aurungabad. 

Crave-n,  a  county  of  the  ftate  of  North- 
Carolina. 

Cranvfo'-d,  atovvn  of  Scotland,  in  Lanark- 
fhire,  chiefly  inhabited  by  miners,  of  whom 
500  are  empiaycd  in  lead  works  near  the 
town.  Native  gold  has  fometimes  been  found 
in  the  gravel  under  the  peat,  wafhed  away 
by  the  rains.  The  country  about  is  called 
Crawford  Muir.  Here  wac  formerly  a  caltle. 
In  1 801,  it  contained  167 1  inhabitants.  40 
miles  S.  Glafgow,  364  N,  London. 

Craivfard^  a  town  of  United  America,  in 
the  flate  of  \  irginia,  on  t!ie  Mattopony.  5 
miles  N.  V,''eft  Point. 

CroiLiford,  (New,)  a  town  of  the  ifland 
of  Jamaica.     14  miles  N.  Kingiton. 

Craivford,  (Old,)  a  town  oi"  the  ifland  of 
Jamaica.     11  miles  N.  Kingfton. 

Cra'u.ford's  Dike,  a  town  of  Scotland,  io 


CUE 

the  county  of  Renfrew,  on  the  Clyde,  witli 
a  convenient  haibour,  callable  of  containing 
vedels  of  coniidcniblc  burthen,  i  niiici 
above  Greenock. 

Cray,  a  river  of  England,  which  luns  into 
the  Dareiit,  near  Darttord  in  Kent. 

C'-.vyr,  a  liver  of  Wales,  whicli  runs  into 
the  Uik,  in  Glamorganlliirc. 

Cnvjfa-d,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Kent, on  thcfmall  liverCray, winch  Htvcs 
to  work  a  mil!  for  a  flitting  and  railing  iron, 
and  another  for  a  cotton  manufacture.  In 
1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  1210, 
and  of  thefe  66;  were  employed  in  trade  and 
manutacfures.  _  This  place  is  alio  famous  for 
!i  great  battle  fought  here  in  4,-7,  between 
Hengill:  the  Saxon,  and  Vortimer  the  Britifh 
king,  in  which  the  latter  loll  4000  men,  and 
four  of  his  chief  commanders.  I'he  rout 
was  fo  general  and  decilive,  that  Hcngift 
from  that  time  was  left  in  'luicfpofTcflion  of 
his  Keniilh  kingdom.  2  milesW.  Dartford, 
13  ESE.  London. 

Creance5,-\  town  of  France,  in  the  depart* 
ment  of  the  Channel.     10  m.  S.  Coutanccs. 

Crcange,  or  Krlch'tngoi,  a  town  of  Fiance, 
in  the  department  of  Mont  Tonnerre,  here- 
tofore the  capital  of  a  county,  in  the  circle 
of  the  Upper  Rhine.  The  county  was  Ihial), 
and  paid  40  florias  for  the  Rom;in  month, 
and  13  rixdollars,  46  kreutzers,  to  thj  Im- 
perial chamber.     38  m.WSW.  Deux  Ponts. 

Crecchh,  a  town  of  Na]dcs,  in  Abruzzo 
Citra.     10  miles  E.  Civita  di  Chieti.  » 

Creche,  a  river  of  America,  which  runs 
into  the  MiflifTippi,  Long.  90.  5.  VV.  Lai. 
36.  49-  N. 

Crecy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Seine  and  Marne.  7  m.  S.  Meaux. 

Crecy,  or  Crecy  en  Ponfhteu,  a  town  of 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Somme, 
celebrated  on  account  of  a  battle  fought  here 
on  the  26th  of  Auguff,  1346,  between  the 
Engiifh  and  French.  Edward  III.  and  his 
fon  tjie  Black  Piince,  were  both  engaged, 
and  the  French  were  defeated  with  grc.it 
(laughter,  30,000 foot  and  1,700  h.ori'e  being 
left  dea.d  in  the  field;  among  whom  were 
the  King  of  Bohemia,  the  Count  of  Alen^on, 
Louis  count  of  Flanders,  with  many  other 
of  the  French  nobility.  10  miles  N.  Abbe- 
ville, ICC  N.  Paris. 

Crecy  fur  Serre,  a  town  of  France,  in  tlic 
department  of  the  Ailne.     7  miles  N.  Laon. 

Credan  Head,  a  c.ipe  of  Ireland,  on  tlic 
well  coaft  of  Waterford  harbour.  I^ong. 
6.  59.  W.  Lat.  52.  10.  N. 

Crcdcra,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Adda,  remarkable  for  bcirg  the 
place  where  the  order  of  Auguftinc  triars 
iirff  originated.  s 

Credilcn,  or  Kirton,  a  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Devon,  formerly  the  fee  of 
a  bifhop,  I  en:ovcd  to  Exeter  in  the  year  icfo; 


C  R  E 


C  R  E 


and  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  it  fent  mem- 
beis  to  the  Englifh  parliament,  then  fitting 
at  Ca^lifle:  it  is  governed  by  a  magifbrate, 
called  portreeve.  There  is  a  large  manu- 
facture of  fergt'S  carr  ed  on  heie.  The  mar- 
ket is  on  Saturdays  for  provifions,  wool,  and 
yarn.  In  1801,  the  population  was  49:9, 
and  of  thefe  3166  were  en 'ployed  in  tra^^e 
and  manufafturcs.  8  miles  S£.  Exeter,  180 
W.  London. 

Credot  a  mountain  of  France,  between 
Lyons  and  Mantua. 

Credy,  a  liver  of  England,  which  runs  into 
the  Ex,  near  Exeter. 

Crec,  a  river  of  Scotland,  which  rifes  in 
the  foijth-eaft  part  of  Ayrfhire,  and  runs  into 
Wigton  bay. 

Cr-ee  bidlans,  Indians  of  North-America. 
Long.  103.  W.  Lat.  51.  30.  N. 

Cree-Toivn,  a  fe.iport  town  of  Scotland, 
in  Kirkcudbright f]".ire.  Jt  receives  its  name 
from  the  river,  and  was  formerly  called 
Ferry-town  of  Crec,  from  a  ferry  or  pafllage 
Icept.  In  1764,  the  inhabitants  were  little 
more  than  ico  ;  in  1794,  they  amounted  to 
near  11,000  ;  and  the  town  has  lately  been 
erecled  into  a  burgh  of  barony.  A  conli- 
derable  nunibei  of  vefl'els  belong  to  '.he  port, 
from  20  to  60  tons.  A  littlebelow  the  town, 
vejfels  of  i;oo  tons  may  anchor  with  fafety. 
42  miles  NW.  Dumfries,  384  N.  London. 
Long.  10.  22.  W.  Lat.  55.  59.  N. 

Creech,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the  county 
of  Sutherland.     7  miles  W.Dornoch. 

Creich,  or  Kreich,  fee  Cralcb. 

Ci-elctgo^S!,  or  Crichgaix:,  a  country  of 
Germany,  between  Swabia  and  the  Lov/er 
Palatinaie. 

Crefeld,  fee  Crevelt. 

Cregitvgen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Anfpach,  on  the  Taubor.  30 
miles  NW.  Anfpach,  z%  S.  Wurzburg. 

Creiko^Li'itz,  a.  town  of  Moravia,  in  the 
circle  of  Erunn.     24  miles  SSE.  Brunn. 

Crei/,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
oftheOile.  6m.N'vV.  Senlis,  7  S.  Clermont. 

Cn/f  de  Bonr/iezeau,  a  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  Vendee.  10  miles  ESE. 
La  Roche  fur  Yonne. 

CrcVijhehu,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
principality  of  Anfpach,  on  the  Jaxt.  24 
miles  WSW.  Anfpach,  13  WNW.  Dunc- 
kelsbulil.     laovg.  lo.t.Y..  Z^/.  49.10.  N. 

Cz-ema,  a  city  of  Italy,  in  the  depai  trnent 
of  the  Adda,  heretofore  capital  of  the  Cre- 
mafeo,  fituated  on  the  river  Serio,weIl  built, 
populous,  and  fortilicd,  rich,  and  commer- 
cial; the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  fuffragan  of  Bo- 
logna. It  contains  five  parifh  churches,  and 
fixteen  convents  for  devotees  of  both  fexes. 
It  has  belonged  to  the  Venetians  from  the 
year  T428,  but  paid  no  impofts.  The  name 
is  faid  to  be  deiived  from  the  word  crci>>ata, 
hur-ficd,  as  being  built  on  the  ruins  of  a  more 


ancient  and  heretical  town,  burned  by  order 
of  the  Archbifhop  of  Milan,  in  the  year  951. 
22  miles  ESE.  Milan.  Lo?ig.  9.  43.  E.  Lat. 
45.  22.  N. 

Crewafco,  a  late  country  of  Italy,  which 
takes  its  name  from  Crema  the  capital,  infu- 
lated  in  the  Milanefe.  It  belonged  to  the 
Venetians,  though  not  united  to  any  other 
part  of  their  territories,  but  is  now  included 
in, the  department  of  the  Adda,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Italy.  It  is  fmall,  but  fertile  in  corn, 
wine,  flax,  and  hemp. 

Crev/aux,  a  tcwn  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  5  miles 
S.  Roannc. 

Crembs,  a  river  of  Carinthia,  which  runs 
into  tlij"  Lyzer,  about  fix  miles  N.  Milftatt. 

Crefntfperg,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Ca- 
rinthia.    7  miles  N.  Milliatt. 

Cremieu,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Iferc,  in  the  diffrid  of  La 
Tour  du  Pin.     18  miles  E.  Lyons. 

Crcviitten,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  in  the  circle 
of  Samland.     15  miles  E.  Konigfberg. 

C>-e77wien,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
Middle  Mark  of  Brandenburg,  containing 
about  300  houfes.  22  miles  NNW.  Berlin, 
30  NNE.  Brandenburg.  Long.  13.  3  £. 
Lat.  53.  48.  N. 

Crevinitz,  or  Krenmitz,  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, fituated  on  the  fide  of  a  hill,  celebrated 
for  its  filver  mines.  The  town  itfelf  is  very 
fmall,  not  contain-'ng  fifty  houfes,  but  the 
fluixbourgs  are  of  great  extent.  56  miles 
N.  Gran,  100  E.Vienna.  Lojjg.K).  I3.  E 
Lat.  48.  45.  N. 

Cremona,  a  city  of  Italy,  and  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Upper  Po,  heretofore 
capital  of  the  Crcmonefe,  (ituated  in  a  de- 
lightful plain,  watered  by  the  Ogl'O,  about 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  Po,  over  which 
is  a  bridge  of  boats,  protedfed  by  a  fort,  as 
the  town  is  by  a  caftle.  A  canal,  which 
pafTes  through  the  town,  forms  a  communi- 
cation between  the  Oglio  and  the  Po:  the 
circumference  is  about  five  miles.  The  prin- 
cipal ftreets  are  wide  and  ffraight,  adorned 
with  fome  fmall  fciuares,  and  a  few  palaces, 
but  the  houfes  in  general  are  not  well  built. 
Here  is  an  university  of  no  great  celebrity  ; 
40  parifn  chiuxhes,  and  43  convents  of  both 
fexes,  with  about  12,000  inhabitants.  It  is 
the  fee  of  a  bifhop,  fuffragan  of  Milan.  The 
town  is  faid  to  have  been  built  391  years  be- 
fore Chriff.  From  the  tower  of  one  of  the 
churches  is  an  extenfive  view  over  the  fertile 
plains  of  Lombardy.  Cremona  iiirrenderedto 
the  French  in  May  1 796, without  rcfiftance, 
and  was  evacuated  by  them  on  the  17th  of 
April  1799.  C>n  the  20th,  they  were  de- 
feated near  the  town  by  the  Auifrians,  with 
the  lofsof4oo  prilbncrs.  38  m.  SE.  Milan. 
Loi'g.  10.  2.E.  Laf.  45.  9.  N. 

Crcmoi.t'Jct  late  a  country  of  Italy,  in  the 


C  R  E 

Milanefe,  taking  its  name  from  Cremona,  the 
capital,  bounded  on  the  eaft  by  the  dutchy 
of  Mantua,  on  the  north  by  the  Brcfikn,  on 
the  weft  by  the  Lodefan  and  Crcnufco,  and 
on  the  fouth  by  the  Parmefan,  from  which 
it  is  fcparated  by  the  Po.  It  for  a  loncj  time 
belonged  to  Spain,  till  the  famous  war  for 
the  fucceilion  of  Chat!'»'?  IF.  when  it  was 
ceded  to  the  hcufe  of  Auilria,  and  made  a 
fief  of  the  empire.  It  is  fertile,  particularly 
in  wine  and  fruit.  It  now  forms  tlie  chief 
part  of  the  department  of  the  Upper  Po. 

CrcJnpe,  or  Kr-empe,  a  town  of  Germanv, 
in  the  dutchv  of  Holftein,  fituated  on  a 
brook  or  fmail  river,  which  foon  after  runs 
into  the  Stoer.  The  chief  trade  of  the 
inhabitants  is  in  cattle.  4  miles  N.  Gluck- 
Ihtdt,  27  NW.  Hamburg. 

Crems,  or  Kreiin,  a  town  of  Auftiia,  on 
the  Danube.  2.;  m.SVV.  Znavm,32  WNW. 
Vienna.     Long.  15.  24.  E.  Lat.  4S.  73.  N. 

Crems,  or  K?-einr,  a  river  of  Auftria, 
which  runs  into  tlie  Danube,  near  the  town 
of  Crems. 

Crevisdorf,  a  t©wn  of  Germanv,  in  the 
bifhopric  of  VVurzbur;^.     3  m.NW.  Ebern. 

Cremjlcr,  or  Cremfir.,  a  town  of  Moravia, 
in  the  circle  of  Prerau,  on  the  Morava.  It 
was  formerlya  fmall  villapie,  tillBruno  bifliop 
of  Olmutz  purchaf;.'d  the  iite,  and  built  a  fine 
palace,  which  foon  rendering  it  populous,  it 
v/as  walled  and  fortified.  In  1645,  it  was 
taken  by  the  Swedes.  20  miles  S.  Olmutz. 
Long.  17.  24.  E.  Lat.  49.  17.  N. 

Crenan  Craig,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on  the 
coaft  of  the  county  of  Wigton,  in  Luce  Bay. 
13  miles  SSE.  Stranraer. 

Cre7idrkk,  a  lake  of  North-Carolina. 
Long.  76.  ^r,.  W.  Lat.  2,S'  ^^'  N- 

Creon,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Gironde.  10  m.  SE.  Bourdeaux. 

Crepcn,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Calvados.     6  m.  NE.  Bayeux. 

Crcpy,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
j)lace  of  a  diftrid,  in  the  department  of  the 
Oife.  12  miles  S.  Compeigne,  iz  ENE. 
Senlis,  Long.  2.  57.  E.   Lat.  49.  14.  N. 

Crc'py  en  Laonnois,  a  town  of  Fjance,  in 
the  department  of  the  Aifne.  4m.N\V.Laon. 

Crefceiit  Ijland,  an  ifland  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean  fo  called  from  its  form  by 
Capt.  Wilfon  of  the  Duff,  v/ho  difcovered  it 
in  May  1797.  It  is  a  low  ifland,  about  fix 
or  feven  miles  in  circumference.  7'he  cap- 
tain faw  about  25  of  die  inhabitants,  who 
oppofed  his  landing.  There  were  many  of 
the  cowharra  trees  upon  it,  and  iome  others 
of  an  ufelefs  kind.  The  fhorc  is  grey  coral, 
fand,  and  ftones,  tlirown  up  by  the  violence 
of  the  fea,  forming  a  wall  at  the  fjuth-eaft 
point,  about  20  or  3©  feet  above  the  furfkcc. 
On  this  point  there  were  three  pile?  of  coral 
ftones;  two  were  built  round  and  Imall,  and 
ene  fquarc;  the  fides  of  which  might  U;  abwut 


C  R  Y. 

twelve  feet,  and  fix  in  hciglit,  with  a  hole 
at  one  fide  Icemingly  to  creep  in  at.  Among 
the  natives  whom  we  f;iw  were  three  or  four 
women  carrying  children  at  the  i  backs ; 
thefe  probably  were  all  that  were  un  the 
ifland.  Thcv  arc  of  a  light  copper  colour, 
and  of  middling  Ihture.  There  is  a  fimila- 
rity  in  the  accent  of  their  language  to  tfiC 
other  iiighlandcrs  with  whom  we  arc  ac- 
quainted, but  the  dalhiiig  of  tlie  fe.i  againll 
the  ihorc  prevented  their  being  umlerltood. 
Some  were  ([uite  naked,  except  a  piece  of 
cloth  round  their  middle  ;  others  had  a  large 
piece  of  cloth  thrown  over  their  ihoulders, 
and  reaching  half  way  down  the  leg:  one, 
wlio  perhaps  was  the  chief,  wore  a  piece  of 
very  white  cloth  round  his  head  in  the  furni 
of  a  turban,  and  no  ornaments  were  per- 
ceived. It  was  dillicult  to  imagine  on  what 
they  fubfiflicd,  for  they  feemed  neither  tc»> 
have  bread  fruit,  cocoa  nuts,  or  any  fruits 
whatever:  nor  was  one  canoe  feen  employed 
in  fifliing. 

Crcfcoitino,  a  town  of  France,  in  thede- 
partment  of  the  Dora,  on  the  Po,  in  a  fertile 
country,  but  low  fituation.  In  the  dilputes 
between  the  Guelphs  and  Gibclines,  many 
perfbns  who  were  driven  from  Vercelli, 
Monfcrrat,&c.wcnt  to  this  place,  then  only, 
a  village,  and  employed  their  wealth  in  build- 
ing houfes;  thus  it  grew  daily,  and  probably 
from  that  circumftance  obtained  its  name. 
The  inhabitants  alfb  enclofed  it  with  walls, 
but  thefe  not  being  fufficient  to  luilain  the 
attacks  of  an  enemy,  the  French,  in  the  war 
with  theEmpc  , -,  fortified  it  in  the  modern 
manner,  lurrounding  it  with  walls,  battions, 
fo/Tes,  and  other  works.  There  are  two 
churches,  and  leveral  religious  houfes.  It 
was  taken  by  the  French  in  1704,  and  re- 
taken by  the  allies  in  1706.  20  miles  NE. 
Turin,  19  WSVv".  Vercelli.  Long.  8.  o.  E. 
Lat.  45.  I-.  N. 

Crcfiiia,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mela.     6  miles  K'NW.  Brcfi:!^. 

Crefpino,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
Hi.nt  of  "Jjc  Lower  Po.     15  m.  NE.  Ferrara. 

Crcjf'jr:gesy  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Allier.     lom.  S  VV.  Moulins. 

Crejfy,  fee  Crccy. 

Crejl,  ( LeJ  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Puy-de-D6mc.  6  miics 
SE.  Clermont  Ferrand. 

CreJ},  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diftri^fV,  in  the  department  of  the 
Drome,  ne.ir  which  is  a  caftle,  a  few  years 
fince  ufed  as  a  Ibte  prifon  ior  flatj  crimi- 
nals, guarded  by  a  company  of  injaniry  or 
inr.'Jids.  15  m.  N.  Montelima-.t,  13  SSE. 
Valence.     Long.  5.  6.  E.  Lat.  44.  44-  N. 

Crevalcora,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  tfic  de- 
partment of  the  Lower  Po.  8  miles  S\V. 
Cento. 

Cre-ja:<i-a,  a  'ov,;,  of  France,  in  the  dc- 


C  R  E 


C  R  I 


partment  of  the  Sefia.  12  miles  W.Biclla, 
22  N.  Vercclli. 

Creva)it,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Indre.  In  xxz-t,^  a  batt!-  was 
fought  here  between  the  F.nc^Hfh  -tnd  the 
Frenchj  in  v/hich  the  liitter  were  defeated, 
a  great  many  officers  killed,  rind  the  Earl  of 
Buchan,  who  conimandod,  taken  pril'oner. 

Crevnjla,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Albania.     ■:;5  miles  SSE.Durazzo. 

Crc'vafra,  a  river  of  Albania,  which  runs 
into  the  Adriatic,  8  miles  S.  Joannina. 

Crevecisur,  a  town  and  fortrefs  of  Hol- 
land, fiiur.ted  at  the  conflux  of  the  Dom- 
mel  and  the  Mcufe,  taken  by  the  French 
from  the  Dutch  on  the  27th  of  September 
1794.  The  garrifon  marched  out  with  all 
the  honours  of  w.ir,  and  were  allowed  to 
retire  into  the  inte  ior  p'arts  of  the  ftate,  on 
condition  of  not  {^.-rving  again  during  the 
war.    4  miles  N.  Bois  le  Due,  20  E.  Breda. 

Crevecxnr,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Calvados.    15  ra.  SE.  Caen. 

Crcvtfcceiir,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  North,  on  the  Scheldt, 
where  Charles  Martel  gained  a  vidlory  in 
the  year  717.     4  rniles  S.  Cambray. 

Crevccaeiir,  a  Dutch  fort  and  factory  in 
Africa,  on  the  gold  coaH-. 

Crevelt,  a  town  of  Fi'ance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  R.';cr,  late  in  the  county  of 
Meurs,  near  which  the  Fiench  were  defeated 
oy  the  Hanoveriansv  in  the  year  1758.  Tiie 
French  in  this  battle  loif  ;-oco  of  their  beft 
troops  in  kiilcd,  wounded,  and  prifoners. 
The  Count  de  Gifcrs,  only  ion  of  the  Duke 
de  Belleifle,  about  35  years  of  age,  and 
nev/ly  married  to  the  heirefs  of  an  iiluftri- 
ous  houfe,  was  mortally  wounded  at  the 
head  of  his  regiment.  16  miles  S.  Meurs, 
6NW.DufreIdorf. 

CrevJc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depait- 
nient  of  the  Meurtc.     4  m.  NWiLuneviiie. 

CreiLilly,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Calvados.     9  m.  NW.  Caen. 

Creufi,  a  department  of  I'rance,  which 
takes  its  name  from  the  river  Creufe,  which 
paf.ls  through  it.     Gucret  is  the  capital. 

CrdJife,  (Lii'tk,)  a  river  of  France,  which 
runs  into  the  Creule,  neai'  Freflelines. 

Creiift,  a  river  of  France,  which  rifcs 
about  eight  miles  fouth  of  Felletin,  cro/Ies 
the  department  to  wliich  it  gives  name,  and 
the  department  of  the  indre,  feparates  the 
department  of  the  Indre  and  Loire  from  that 
ot  Vicnne,  till  about  five  miles  E.  from  La 
Have  it  loies  itfelf  in  the  river  Vienne. 

Creufen-,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
ci[>ality  of  Culmbach,  on  the  Maync.  7  m. 
S.  Bayreulh. 

■  Creutz,  or  Krcltz,  a  town  of  Croatia,  near 
thefource  of  the  ri-ver  Glocovni.  16  miles 
SSE.  Varafdin,  118  S.  Vienna.  Loa^.  16. 
50.  E.  Lat.  \h.  7.N. 


Crc'ifz,  a  town  of  Auftria.  5  miles  W. 
EfFerding. 

Creutz,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the  circle 
of  Samland.     27  miles  NW.  Konigfberg. 

CieutZ;  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  prin- 
cipality of  Aichftatt.  4  m.  WNW.  Aichllatt. 

Creutzherg,  a  town  of  Germanv,  in  the 
principality  of  HeiTe  25  miles  ESE.  Caf- 
fel.     Long.  10.  20.  E.  Laf.  51.  5.  N. 

Cretitzlmrg,  or  Klnfsboreck,  a  town  of 
Silefia,  in  the  principality  of  Brieg,  fur- 
rounded  with  walls  and  ditches,  with  a  caf- 
tle  and  two  churches.  .The  principal  trrtde 
of  the  inhabitants  is  in  honev,  wax,  leather, 
andliax.  28  miles  ENE.  Brieg,  26  NE. 
Grotgau.   Long.  18.  16.  E.  Lat.  50.  56.  N. 

Crenfzhurg-,  a  town  of  Pruffia,  m  the  pro- 
vince of  Natangen.  14  miles  SSW.  Kc- 
nigfberg.  Long.  20.  30.  W.  Lat.  ^i,.  27.  N. 

Creufzl'urg,  or  Cieutzberg,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  the  principality  of  the  Eifc- 
nach,  near  the  Werra,  over  which  is  a 
bridge  of  ftone.  It  has  a  caftle  :  and  in  the 
neighbourhood  are  falt-works.  12  milci 
SW.  Mulhaufcn,  7  NNW.  Eifenach.  Long. 
10.  16.  E.  Lat.  51.  6.  N. 

Creutzhurgn,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  tlie 
circle  of  Czaflau.  10  m.  NE.  Teutfch  Brod. 

Creiitznach,  or  Creutzenach,  a  town  of  _ 
France,  in  the  department  of  the  Rhine  and 
Mofe'Ie,  annexed  to  France,  with  the  county 
of  Sponheim.  In  the  year  1632,  this  town 
was  taken  by  the  Swedes  ;  im:68S,  by  the 
French;  and  (hiring  the  war  between  the 
Fiench  republicans  and  allies,  it  has  been 
t:!ken  and  retaken  feveral  times.  6  miles 
S.  Bingen.  30  VVNVV.  Worms.  Long.  7. 
49.  E.  Lat.  49.  48.  N. 

Creiitzoff,  a  town  of  the  dutchy  of  Cour-' 
land.     16  miles  SSW.  Mittav/. 

Crenvkern,  a  town  of  Er,gland,  in  the 
county  of  Somerfet,  iituated  c.^  the  borders 
of  Dcrfetfhire,  about  a  mile  from  the  Parret, 
with  fome  manufaiiures  of  dowlas,  fail- 
cicth,  girtwcb,  arid  flockings.  The  num- 
ber of  inhabitants,  in  1801,  was  1618;  of 
whom  551  were  employed  in  trade  andma- 
nufaftures.  The  market  on  Saturdays  is 
well  fupplied  with  provifions  and  corn,  ad 
miles  SE.  Taunton,  133  W.  London.  Long, 
2.  58.  W.  Lat.  so.  48.  N. 

Cn^jvyn,  a  river  of  Wales,  which  runs 
into  the  Wye  at  Builth. 

Cr:be  lahou,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the 
ivory  coaff.     7  miles  E.  Cap-lahou. 

Cricl:to7i's  IJIand,  a  fin^U  iOand  in  the 
Mergui  Archipelago.     Lai.  10.  41.  N. 

Crkkhaeth,  or  Crickcith,  a  town  of  North- 
Wales,  in  the  county  of  Caernarvon,  (ituated 
on  the  ccaft  of  the  Irifh  fea/with  a  market 
on  Wednefday  ;  and  396  inhabitants.  It  is 
defended  by  a  caftle.  ai  miles  S.  Caernar- 
von, 236  NW.  London. 

Crkkhov:dlt  a  town  of  South-Wales,  i* 


C  R  I 

the  county  of  Brecknock,  with  566  inhabi- 
Unt5,  near  the  Uf!i;  ipuch  reibrtcd  to  by 
invalids,  for  the  purpofj  of  drinking  goats' 
milk  and  whey.  The  ruins  of  an  ancient 
caftie  are  yet  vilible.  There  is  a  market  on 
Thurfday,  well  fupplied  with  fi(h  and  pro- 
vifions.  3  m.  ESE.  Brecknock,  149  WNVV. 
London.     Long.  3.  $$.  W.  Lat.  ,u.  54.  N. 

Crkkladc,  a  town  of  England,  in  tlie 
county  of  Wilts,  on  the  river  Thames,  an- 
ciently a  place  of  fome  confequcnce.  It 
contains  about  250  hoiifes,  and  is  a  borough 
town  ;  bu:  the  inhabitants  having  been  con- 
vii5l:ed  of  corruption,  the  freeholders  of  fe- 
veral  adjacent  places  are  added  to  the  voters 
for  members  to  ferve  in  parliament.  The 
river  Thames  is  navigable  to  this  town  ;  and 
a  canal  is  now  made  between  the  Thames 
and  tl.»  Severn,  which  joins  the  former  at 
this  place.  It  has  a  weekly  market  on  Sa- 
turday. In  t8oi,  the  n'.imber  ofinhabitans 
\^as  1333.  30  m.  W.  Oxford,  83  WNW. 
London.     Lnug.  i.  53.  W.  Lat.  51.  38.  N. 

Crieff,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the  county 
of  Perth,  fituated  at  the  loot  of  the  Gram- 
pian hills.  It  contains  about  aooo  inhabit- 
anis,  and -has  a  weekly  market  on  Thurfday. 
iS  miles  W.  Perth,  5  7  N.  Edinburgh.  Long. 
3.  5Z.W.  Lat.sG.  23.  N. 

Cr'icl,  a  tov/n  ot  France,  in  tlie  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine,  near  the  fea.  4 
miles  S\y.  Eu,  10  S\V.  Dieppe. 

Crillon  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  I'outh  coafl  of 
the  ifland  of  Saghalien,  near  Cape  Crillon. 

Cri7u  Cr!::ne!!ii.!,  or  SrJtif,  ^  tov/n  of  Ruf- 
fia,  in  the  government  of  Tauris  ;  formerly 
the  capital  of  the  Crimea,  but  after  the 
country  became  fubjed  to  the  Tartars  it 
gradually  declined.     24  m".  iNW.  Theodofia. 

Crivial,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  dr- 
ear of  Rajamundry.  3om.NW.Rajamundry. 

Crivica,  a  peninlula  of  Europe,  fitunted 
on  the  Black  Sea,  annexed  to  the  Ruffian 
dominions,  and  forming  a  part  of  the  go- 
vernment of  Ekaterinoilav,  under  the  name 
of  Taurida. 

Crimchi,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Neuftadt.     2  miles  N.  Weyda. 

Crhmnitzfchaii,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  circle  of  Erzgebirg,  fituated  on  the 
Pleifie,  built  in  the  thirteenth  century;  tlie 
inhabitants  carry  on  manufi^fures  of  cloth, 
flannels,  and  linen.  8  miles  NW.  Zwickau. 
Long.  12.  18.  E.  Lat.  50.  45.  N. 

CrinHz,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Erzgebirg.     6  miles  S.  Zwickau. 

Crio,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  on  the 
fouth-vvctl;  point  of  Natolia;  near  it  are  the 
ruins  of  ancient  Cnidos.  Long.  27.  10.  E. 
Lat.  36.46.  N. 

■  Criqiisbrzv.f  fur  Bier,  a  town  of  France, 
in  the  department  of  the  Calvados,  on  thef.a 
coaft.  7  m.  W.  Harlicur,  7  N.  Pont  I'Evequc. 

Crlquetoty  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
VOL.  I.  U  u 


C  R  O 

partmcnt  of  the  Lower  Seine.     7  miles  N. 
Montivillicrs. 

Crlspalt,  a  mountain  of  SwifTerland,  ia 
the  canton  of  Uri,     10  miles  SE.  Altort}\ 

Crtspello,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Abruzzo 
Citra.     25  miles  E.  Civit-i  Horclla. 

Criffty,  a  kingdom  of  the  ifland  of  Java, 
on  the  north  coall,  fituated  to  the  cafl  of 
Samarang. 

CrijHana,  a  fmall  ifland  of  the  Grecian    ^ 
Archipelago.  Long.z^.  16.  V-Lat.  36.  20.N. 

Croughpatrick,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in 
the  county  of  Mayo.     3  m.  S\V.  Cafllebar. 

Croak,  arivcrofilonduras,  which  runsinto 
the  bay,  Zo;/^.  88.1:.  \V.  i,.//.  15.  25.N. 

Croara,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Crofblo.     18  m.  SW.  Modena. 

Croatia,  a  country  of  Eumpe,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Hungary,  from  which  it 
is  ftparated  by  the  river  Drave,  on  the  eafl: 
by  Sclavonia  and  Bofnia,  on  the  fouth  by 
Dalmatia,  and  on  the  weft  by  Morlachia, 
Carniola,  and  Stiria;  about  150  miles  in 
length,  and  from  40  to  60  in  breadth.  The 
Croats  derive  their  origin  from  the  Sclavo- 
nians,  and  came  into  this  country  in  the  time 
of  the  cmp  .Tor  Heraclius.  In  the  middle 
ages  they  had  kings  of  their  own,  who  for 
fome  time  were  fubjecT:  to  Dalm;itia.  In  the 
eleventh  century,  Cioatia  and  D;;linatia  de- 
volved to  the  king  of  Hungary,  and  the 
Croats  have  ever  fince  continued  under  the  , 
dominion  of  that  monarchy,  except  a  fmall 
part  fubjcift  to  the  Turks:  tho'  not  without 
frequent  attempts  to  recover  their  indepen- 
dency. The  principal  towns  are  Warafdin, 
or  Little  Warafdin,  Krcutz,  Velika,  Iwanitz, 
Zagrab,  Carlff  adt,  and  Sluin.  Turkifli  Croa- 
tia, is  fituated  on  theeaft  fideof  the  Unna,  and 
occupies  a  fpace  about  40  miles  long,  and 
20  wide.  The  principal  rivers  of  Croatia 
are  the  Ku}pa  and  the  Save. 

Crocc,  [Old,)  a  town  of  the  wcfl  confl  cf 
the  illand  of  Sumatra.  Long.  103.  47.  E. 
Lat.  5.  II.  S. 

Crockncfi,  a  cape  on  the  eafl  coafl  of  Hoy, 
one  of  tho  Orkney  Iflands.  Long.  3.  3.  W. 
Lat.  58.  40  N. 

Crocodile  River,  a  river  of  America,  which 
runs  into  lake  Winebago.  Lcng.  87.  50. 
W.^X^/.43.45-N. 

Croq,  a  townof  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Crcufe.     8  miles  E.  Fcllctin. 

Crocy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Calvados.     6  milts  E.  Falaife. 

Croever  Reich,  or  Crcsfcr  Rciet,  a  fmall 
diflriJt  of  Germany,  on  the  north  (ide  of  the 
Mofellc;  fold  by  the  counts  of  Spoiiiitim,  in 
die  year  1274,  to  the  archbilhops  of  Treves; 
now  annexed  to  France. 

Crogham,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  runs 
into  Oughtcr  Lougli,  6  miles  W.  Cavan. 

Crcia,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Albania,  ancicQtIy  the  capiuJ  and  rciidence 


CB  O 


C  R  O 


of  the  Albanian  kings.    The  famous  Scan-  by  the  frith 'of  Murray,  and  every  where 

derbergufed  this   pkce  as  a   fortrefs,  from  clfe  by  the  ccunty  of  Rofs.     This  county  is 

■whence  he  contiiiuallv  haraffed  the  Turks;  the  fmalleit  of  the  kingdom,  being  only  iz 

but  when  the  Tuiks  bicame  matters  of  Ai-  miles  long,  and  3  broad.     Cromarty  is  the 

bania-  they  deftroyed  the  fortifications.    It  chief  town.     The  frith  is  the  moft  commo- 

is  tlie  fee  of  a  bifliop,  fuiTragan  of  the  arch-  dious  of  Scotland,  and  capable  of  containing 

bifhop  of  Durazzo.     so  m.  NE.  Durazzo.  all  the  navy  of  England  with  fafety.    The 

Croife'te.^   {La,)  a  town  of  France,  in  the  country  is  tolerably  fertile  ;  but  though  once 

department  of  the  Maine  ;  remarkable  for  a  almolt  a  continued  foreft,  is  now  dellitute 

flaughter  of  the  Englifli  by  the  inhabitants,  of  timber.     Cromarty  returns  one  member 

with  the  afliftaace  of  Charles  of  Anjou,  king  to  the  Britilh  parliament   alternately  with 

of  Naples;  near  Chalons  fur  Marne.  Nairn.    In  1801,  the  number  of  inhabitants 

Croific,  {Le,)  afeaport  of  France,  in  the  was  3053;  of  whom  575  were  employed  in 

department  of  the  Lower  Loire,  about  nine  trade  and  manufaduies.  a6a  in  agriculture, 
miles  from  the   mouth  of  the  Loire,  fur-        Crw//i^r>',  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 

rounded  with  ikit  niarihes.     The  inhabitants  ment  of  the  Saone.     7  miles  N.  Bef  m^on. 

21  '^ 


carry  on  a  coniiderable  coafting  trade, 
miles  W.  Nantes. 

CroiJiHc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Leman.  11  m.  NNW.  Annecy. 
10  S.  Geneva. 

Croay,  a  fmall  Scotch  idand,  near  the 
fouth  coaft  of  Harris.  LG7!g.  7.  6.  W.  Lat. 
57.  48.  N. 

Croiftllet,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart 
ment  of  the  Straits  of  Calai 
Bapaume. 

Croix,  {La,)  a  lake  of  Louiuania.  Lo7ig, 
93.  10.  W.Z..-/'.  32.  3.N. 

Croix,  {La,)z.  mountain  of  Piedmont,  in 
the  ditLiia  of  the  Four  Vallies.  13  miles 
W.  Pignerol. 

Croix{La,)  a  to\vn  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Eure  and  Loire.  6  miles 
SE.  Louviers. 

Croix  Si.  Lenfroy,  {La,)z  town  of;  France, 
in  the  departm.ent  of  the  Eure.  6  miles  NE. 
Evreux. 

Croix  fur  Meufe,  {La,)  a  town  of  France, 
In  the  department  of  the  Meufe.  12  miles 
SSE.  Verdun. 

Croka'ic,  mountains  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Cork.     5  miles  N.  Dungarvan. 

Crolles,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Ifere.  The  inhabitants  carry 
on  a  conhderabie  trade  in  wine.  10  miles 
NE.  Grenoble. 

Cromach  Craig,  a  raount"in  of  Scotland, 

in  the  county  of  Perth.     5  miles  N.  Crieff". 

Cromach  Head,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on  the 

north  coall  of  the  county  of  Banff.     3  miles 


Croniaii.  or  Kromloiv,  a  town  of  Moravia, 
in  the  circle  of  Znaim.  18  m.  NE.  Znaim. 
Lo>}g.  16.  13.  E.  Lat.  49.  2.  N. 

Crovdhach,  a  town  of  Germany.  7  miles 
NE.  Siegen. 

Cro'/ner,  a  feaport  town  of  England,  (itu- 
ated  on  the  north-eaft  coafl:  of  the  county  of 
N::'rfolk,  with  a  harbour  for  li'fhing  veffels, 
being  chiefly  inhabited  by  fifher>Tien.  Many 
9  miles  N.  attempts  have  been  made  to  raife  a  pier,  and 
great  fums  expended  for  that  purpofe,  but 
without  luccefs,  the  fea  wafhing  it  away. — 
The  town  was  formerly  much  larger  than  it 
now  is,  having  had  two  churches,  one  of 
which,  with  many  houfes,  fell  a  facrifice  to 
the  inundation  of  the  fea.  It  isaplace  of  re- 
fort  for  fea-bathing,  and  has  a  weekly  market 
on  Saturday.  In  1801,  there  were  only  676 
inhabitants.  f3  m.  N.Norwich,  127  NNE. 
London.     Long.  o.  30.  E.  Lat.  52.  55.  N. 

Croniford,  a  village  of  England,  in  Der- 
bydiire,  celebrated  for  its  lead  mines.  In 
1777,  a  pig  of  lead  was  difcovered  with  an 
infcription  m  honour  of  theEmperor  Adrian : 
and  in  1783,  another  with  an  infcription  in 
Roman  charadters.  2  miles  N.  Wirkfworth. 

Croinofit,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Som.me.     7  m.  E.  Abbeville. 

CromptoJi,  a  townlliip  of  England,  in 
Lancalhire,  near  Manchefter.  In  1801,  the 
population  was  3482,  of  which  2464  were 
employed  in  manufatfure. 

Cro?npion  Point,  the  north-eaft  point  of 
the  ifland  of  Dom^inica.  Long.  61.  21.  W. 
Lat.  15.  42.  N. 

CromiveWs  Ledge,  an  ifland  near  the  eaft 
io/7^.  53.  30.  W. 


NW.  Cullen 

Cromarty,  a  f  japo)  t  town  of  Scotland,  and    coaft  of  Newfoundland 
capital    of  the   county  of  the  lame  name,    Lat.  so.  13.  N 
fituated  in  the  frith  of  Murray,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  frith  of  Cromaily.     litre  is  a  manu- 
fidure  of  coarfe  cloth,  and  a  coniiderable 


Cf.alur.g 


trade 


andil<;ns..    Thf 


n   corn,  tiuead,  yarn,  fifli, 
river  on  which  it  ftands  is 


a  mite   wide,  and  tlie  harbour  an  excellent 
one.     Long.  3.  55.  W.  Lat.  57._40-  N. 

,  Cromarty,  a  fmai!  county  of  Sco.land, 
biianded  ou  '.lie  nortli  by  a  frith  or  river, 
^fJJA-d  the  Fiith  of  Cromarty;  o.n  the  eait 


Crona,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Saone  andLoire.  8  milesNNW.' 
Bourbon  Lancy. 

Crona,  a  (mail  ifland,  near  the  weft  coaft' 
of  Scotland.  Long.  5.  3.  W. /-«/.  58.12.  N. 

Crouach,  a  fortified  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  bidiopric  of  Bamberg,  near  the  river 
Cronach  ;  near  it  flands  a  mountain-fortrefs 
called  Rofenberg.  30  miles  NE.  Bamberg.' 
Long.  u.  I.  E.  Lat.  ^o.  17.  N. 


C  R  O 

conne(5lions,  and  the  families  that  live  Iicre 
for  the  rcafons  above-mentioned,  vet  the 
number  of  regillered  burghers  is  but  fmall ; 
in  the  year  17S3,  they  were  only  204.  The 
Man   of  War's  Mole,  as  it  is  called,   in  its 


C  R  0 

Cronach,   a   river   of  Franconla,    which 
joins  the  Rotach.     i  mile  NE.  Zeulen. 

Cronhsrg,  a  mountain  of  SwifTerland.     3 
3  miles  Appenzell. 

Croriborg,  a  fortrcfs  of  Denmark,  in  the  _  _. 

ifland  of  Zealand,  fituated   on  a  point  of  prcfent  ftate,  is  well  v/orth  the"  attention  of 

land  on  the  weft  coaft  of  the  Sound,  a  little  the  curious,  and  accordingly  is  vilited  by 

to  the  eaft  of  Elfinoor,  and  oppolite  to  Hoi-  the  numerous  travellers  that  take  Peteriburj? 

fingborg  in  Sweden  :  built  by  Frederick  II.  in  their  route,  with  great  Iktisfaetion.     It  is 

king  of  Denmark,  in  the  year  1577,  on  piles  incloled   by  a  ftrong  and  elegant  rampart, 

of  oak,   ftrengthened  with  ftone.     In  1658,  built  of  granite,  in  the  fea,  under  thediiec- 

it  was  taken  by  Charles  Guftavus   king  of  tion  of  that  gallant  commander  and  ilpright 

Sweden,  after  a  liege  of  a  month,  and  re-  nian,  the  late  Admiral  Samuel  Grieg.     Here 

llored  to  Denmark  in  1660.    The  unfortu-  are  alfo  the  celebrated  Peter's  Canal,  and 

nate  queen  Matilda  was  imprifoned  here  be-  the    docks  :    the   canal   was  begun   under 

fore  fhe  was  removed  to  Zell.  Adjoining  to  a  Peter  the  Great,  and  completed  by  General 

royal  palace,  about  half  a  mile  from  Cron-  Subras   in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.    At  the 

borg,  is  a  garden,  called  Hamlet's  Garden,  end  of  the  canal "ftand  two  pyramidal  co- 

fuppoled  to  be  the  fpot  where  the  murder  of  lumns,  wi':h  inlcriptions  relative  to  this  un- 
his  father  was  committed.  24  m.  X.Copen- 
hagen.    Lo7!g.  12.  35.  E.  Lat.  ^,6.  3.  N. 

Cr'.m,ox  Kcrov.o~M,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in 
Pomerelia.     56  miles  S.  Dantzic. 


dertaking.  It  is  lined  with  malbnry,  is  10^0 
fathoms  long,  in  breadth  at  bottom  60  fa- 
thoms, and  at  top  100  ;  it  is  24  fathoms 
deep,  and  in  this  manner  ftretches  358  fa- 
Croncbanc,  mines  of  Ireland,  in  the  county  thorns  into  the  fea.  Adjoining  to  the  canal 
Wicklow.     8  miles  SSW.  Wicklow.  are  the  docks,  in  which  ten  or  more  fliips  of 

the  line  may  be  refitted  at  once.  They  are 
furnifhed  with  flood-gates,  for  admitting  and 
letting  out  the  men  of  v%'ar.  The  water  is 
evacuated  from  the  bafin  by  a  fteam-engine, 
conftrufled  by  an  Englifn  engineer,  and 
worked  by  coals  from  England^  Here  is  a 
foundery  for  cafting    cannon-balls,  under 


of 

Ci-onenherg,  fee  Kronher^ 

Cro}ienhurg,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Roer.  10  miles  NW.  Ge- 
roldftein. 

Cro7ihehn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
marggravate  of  Anfpach.  3  miles  W.  Gun- 
zenhauf?n. 


Cronkfjgrun,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the    the  direftion  of  that  ingenious  artill:  Mi . 
principality  of  Bayreuth.  5  m.NW.Bayreuth.    Baird,  from  North-Britain  ;  and  a  rope-walk 
C/-!/;75ij-,  atownof  Sweden,*inEaft  Both-    for  making  Ihip's  cables  of  all  fizes.     The 


ma.     8  miles  Gamla  Karlby. 

Cfoafchnuiiz,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Neuftadt.     2  miles  NE.  Weyda. 

Cronfpurg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
territory  of  Nuremberg.     2  n:!.  SW".  Altorf. 

Cro7iJiadt,  or  Krofifchad,  a  feaport  town 
of  Ruffia,  fituated  on  the  ifland  of  Retufari, 
in  the  gulf  of  Finland  ;  the  town  compre- 
hends the  eafternmoft  part  of  the  ifland,  is 
fpacious,  containing  a  number  of  good 
houfes,  churches,  and  public  edifices;  bur, 
on  account  of  many  inferior  buildings,  mean 
houfes,  vacant  places,  &;c.  by  no  means 
handfome.  It  is  populous,  efpecially  in  the 
fhipping  feafon,  when  the  ftreets  are  throng- 


marine  cadet  corps  was  founded  by  Peter 
the  Great  in  17 15,  for  the  education  of  fea- 
ofKcers;  and  the  emprels  Elizabeth  enlarged 
it  in  1752,  for  360  pupils.  It  is  now  re- 
moved to  Peterfburg.  The  marine  hofpital 
atCronftadt  is  on  a  very  extenfive  fcalc.  In 
1788,  it  hadat  ieveral  times  25,007  paiicnts; 
and  in  1789,  it  had  16,809.  Of  the  fcrmcr 
number,  20,924  went  out  cured  ;  and  c  f  t  ic 
latter  12,974.  20  m.  W.  Peterfourg.  Long. 
29.  22. E.  Lat.  59.  58.  N. 

Croiijladt,  or  Kronjiadt,  or  BraJJaii,  a 
town  of  Tranlilvania,  lituated  about  five 
miles  from  the  river  Alt,  near  the  borders  of 
Walachia,   fiom  which   it   is  feparated  by 


ed  witlimariner?  from  all  the  ports  of  Europe,  mountains;  chiefly  inhabited  by^Genrans. 
particularly  the  Englifli ;  on  uhofe  account, 
as  well  as  thofe  who  are  ftationary  on  this 
ifland  for  the  purpofe  of  commerce,  here  is 
a  chapel  maintained  by  the  Ruflia  company 
of  London,  at  which  the  fervice  of  the 
church  of  England  is  regularly  performed 
every  Sunday  throughout  the  year.  _  The 
Lutherans  have  alfo  a  church  on  this  ifland 
for  the  ufe  of  the  Germans.  Numerous  as 
the  inhabitants  of  this  place  are,  from  the 
fleet  Iving  here,  the  garriibn,  the  cufloni- 
houfe,  the  corps  de  cablets,  the  labourers  in 
the  docks,  yards,   occ.  together  with  their 

U  u  } 


The  fuburbs  are  iniiabited  by  Bulgarians, 
Hungarians,  and  Saxons.  5c  m.  ENE.  Ilcr- 
manltadt.  Lot:g.  25.  15.  E.  LiiL^i;  53.  N. 

Crooked  Haven,  a  bay  of  Scotland,  on  tlic 
north  coalt  of  the  county  of  Bamlf.  3  miles 
NW.  Cullen.  Long.  z.  49.  W.Lut.  5  7.40.  N. 

Crooked  Ijland,  or  Hainana,  one  of  the 
Bahama  illands.  Lotig.  73.  ss-  ^V'.  L:jt. 
22-  10.  N. 

Crooked  Lake,  a  lake  of  New-York.  40 
miles  S.  Lake  Ontario.  Long.  77.  16.  W. 
Lni.  42.  22.  N. 

CrQokcd  Crciki  '<^  river  of  FcnDf/lvania, 


C  R  O 

which  runs  into  the  Allegany,  Long.  79.  35. 
W.  Lat.  40.  45 -N. 

Crooked  River,  a  river  of  Georgia,  which 
runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long,  81.  34.  W. 
ZrTif.  31.  4.N. 

Crooked  Reac^,  a  channel  in  the  ftraits  of 
Magellan,  between  the  coail  of  Patagonia, 
and  an  ifland  fxiending  from  PafTage  Point 
to  St.  Jerom's  Point. 

Croomdahf  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bag- 
lana.     26  miles  NE.  Amednagur. 

Cropalati,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     II  miles  SE.  Rofiano. 

Cropani,  a  town  of  Naples,  in!' Calabria 
Ultra,  reduced  to  a  village  by  an  earthquake. 
9  miles  ENE.  St.  Severina. 

Cropafcia,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     7  miles  W.  Umbriatico. 

Cropredy,  a  village  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Oxford,  on  the  river  Cherwell. 
In  the  year  1644,  a  battle  was  fought  here^ 
between  the  forces  of  the  king  andthofe  of 
the  parliament,  in  v/hich  the  latter  were 
defeated.  3  m.N.  Banbury,  78 NW.  London. 
Crojiclen,  a  tovv^n  of  Poland,  in  Galicia. 
52  miles  WSVV.  Lemberg. 

CrcJ'ne^  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Galicia.  80 
miles  WSW.  Lemberg. 

Crofst  g.  town  of  Virginia.  9  miles  N. 
Richmond. 

Crofs  Creek,  a  river  of  "Virginia,  which 
runs  into  the  Ohio,  Long.  80.  38.  W.  Lai. 
40.  19.  N. 

Crofs  Creek,  fee  Fayettev'dle. 
Crofs  Fells,  a  mountain  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Cumberland,   and   one  -of  the 
loftiefc  in  South-Britain. 

C7-ofs  IJland,  an  ifland  in  Lake  Huron. 
Long.  84.  10.  AV.  Lat.  45.  SS'  N. 

Crofs  If  and,  an  ifland  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  near  the  coail  of  Main,  at  the  en- 
trance into  Machias  Bay.  Long.  67. 15.W. 
Lat.i^i,.  %c.  N. 

Crofs  If  and,  one  of  the  imaller  Shetland 

iflands.     Long.  i.  41-  W.  Lat.  59.  46.  N. 

Crofs  Kirk,  a  town  of  Scotland,  on  the 

fouth  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Sanda.     Long,  z . 

21.  W.  Lat.  5^.  6.  N. 

Crofs  Lake,  a  lake  of  New- York.  17 
miles  S.  lake  Ontario. 

Crofs  River,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs 
•into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  7.40.  E.    Lat.  5. 
40.  N. 

Crcfs  Sound,  a  bay  of  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  between  King  George  IH.'s  Archi- 
pelago and  the  continent  of  North-America, 
difcovered  by  Capt.  Cook,  in  the  year  17 78. 
Towards  the  eafl  it  communicates  with 
Chatham's  Strait.  The  entrance  is  lltuated 
between  Cape  Spencer  and  Cape  Crofs. _  It 
contains  fome  iflands,  and  branches  into 
feveral  arms,  the  principal  of  which  extend 
fowards  the  north.  On  the  furfice  of  the 
water  in  tlie  Sound,  Capt.  Vancouver  fays, 


C  R  O 

were  a  great  number  of  fmall  though  hard 
pieces  of  loofe  ice,  fome  of  which  at  firft 
light  occafioned  confiderable  alarm,  from 
their  ffrongrefemblance  to  fea-beaten  rocks, 
juft  level  with  the  furface  of  the  water, 
which  had  the  appearance  of  breaking  over 
them  with  great  violence,  and  prefentud  the 
navigating  of  this  inlet  as  an  extremely  in- 
tricate and  difficult  taflc  ;  efpecially  as  no 
bottonr  could  be  reached  with  80  and  90 
fiuhoras  of  line,  clofe  to  thefe  apparent  dan- 
gers. A  little  time,  however,  foon  difco- 
vered them  to  be  nothing  more  than  dark- 
coloured  and  dirty  pieces  of  ice,  which  left 
me  without  any  apprehenfions  for  our  fafety ; 
and  I  had  afterwards  every  reafon  to  believe 
that  this  found  is  free  to  navigate,  and  is  not 
incommoded  vv'ith  either  rocks  or  flioals, 
that  are  not  fufticiently  confpicuous  to  be 
eafdy  avoided.  In  the  courfe  oftheday  we 
had  been  vilited  by  fome  of  the  natives  in  a 
very  civil  manner  ;  they  fold  us  a  few  fifti, 
and  feme  indifferent  fea-otter  fl<ins,  for  our 
various  articles  of  traffic  ;  but  for  the  Ikins 
they  preferred  old  clothes  of  any  defcription 
to  cloth  in  the  piece.  Long,  of  the  entrance 
223.40.  E.     /.£?/.  58.  8.  N. 

Crofn,  adutchy  of  Germany,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Up7^er  Saxony.  It  formerly  made 
part  of  Sileiia;  atlerwards  fubrnitted  to  Po- 
land, and  devolved  by  inheritance  and  treaty 
to  the  marquifate  of  Brandenburg  in  r476 
and  1482.  It  was  a  fief  of  Bohemia  till  the 
year  1746,  when  the  Queen  of  Hungary 
ceded  the  fovereigntytothe  Kingof  Pruilia; 
and  it  now  makes  a  part  of  the  New  Mark. 
Croffen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  New 
Mark  of  Brandenburg,  formerly  the  capital 
of  adutchy  of  the  fame  name  :  fituated  on 
the  Oder,  near  its  conflux  with  the  Bober. 
It  contains  two  churches  for  Lutherans,  one 
for  Calviniffs,  manufadures  of  cloth,  and  ex- 
tenflve  breweries.  It  is  furrounded  v.ith 
old  walls.  In  1757,  Croffen  was  taken  by 
the  Ruffians.  21  miles  SE.  Francfort  on  the 
Oder,  68  ESE.  Berlin.  Long.  15.  7.  E.  Lat. 
52.  4.  N. 

Croft./:,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate ofLublin.     24  miles  SW.  Lublin. 

Crofen  am  Eljter,  a  tov\'n  of  Germany,  in 
the  principality  of  Naumburg  Zeitz,  on  the 
Eifter.  II  miles  S.  Naumburg.  22  E.  Vv'ei- 
mar.     Long.  11.  54.  E.  Lat.  50.  56.  N. 

Crrf  Land,  a  townfliip  of  England,  in 
the  well  riding  of  Yorkfliire,  with  1221 
inhabitants  in  tSoi  ;  of  whom  542  were 
employed  in  trade  and  manufasflures.  4 
miles  SW.  Hnddersfield. 

Crrfsn.uell  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  Norfolk  Ifland. 

Crqfzvick,  a  town  of  United  America,  in 
the  Itate  of  Jerfey.     7  mflcsSE.  Trenton. 

CroJIoIo,  a  department  of  Italy,  formed  of 
part  of  the  late  dutchy  of  Modena:  it  con-. 


C  R  O 

tains  about  177., fSj  inha'oitants,  who  fend  xz 
reprcientatives  to  the  National  Council. 
Re.G,gio  is  the  capital. 

Crofijlot  a  iiver  of  Italy,  which  runs  into 
the  Po  about  a  mile  north-well  from  Luz- 
zara,  in  the  du:chy  of  Mantua. 

Crotched  Mcuutain,  a  mountain  of  New 
Hanip'ihire.  Loig.-ji.so.'^Y.  Lat.4%.  i^'j.'N. 

Crotcky'i  a  town  of  Sindy,  about  four  or 
five  miles  from  the  place  wl:icrc  vefiels  lie, 
in  the  river  Larrybunder,  and  about  a  mile 
from  the  fide  of  a  creek,  which  has  water 
only  for  fmall  boats.  It  is  fortified  with 
■a  mud  wall,  and  flanked  with  towers.  It 
fbrmeily  belons^ed  to  the  Bloachces  ;  but 
the  Piince  of  Sindy,  finding  it  better  'iruated 
than  any  part  of  the  f'ea  coaft  fur  the  inland 
caravans,  exchanged  fomc  other  place  for 
it.  Caravans  cannot  reach  Tatta,  on  account 
of  the  branches  of  the  Indus ;  but  find  no 
difficulty  in  reaching  Crotchey,  bringing 
from  the  interior  country  cotton,  (rav/  and 
lpim)almonds,raifins,  dates,  gram,  ghee, oil, 
hides,  andfome  piece-goods;  carrying  back 
fugar,  rice,  peppet,  &c.  80  miles  W.  Tatta. 
Long,  66.  19.  E.  Lat.  24.  50.  N. 

Crotenay,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Jura.     6  m.  SE.  Poligny. 

CroiingeiJt  a  town  of  PrufTian  Lithuania. 
10  miles  NNE.  Memel. 

Croton,  a  river  of  Nevvf-York,  which  runs 
into  the  Hudfon,6  miles  N.  Tarrytown. 

Crotona,  a  feaport  town  of  Is'aples,  in 
Calabria  Ultra,  the  fee  of  a  bifliop.  This 
town  IS  defended  with  a  fingle  wall  and  a 
caiUe  ereded  by  Charles  V.  The  houlls 
are  mean,  and  the  flreets  narrow.  Cheefe 
and  corn  form  the  chief  articles  of  com- 
merce, and  large  granaries  are  eredted  in 
the  fuburbs  for  the  ftowage  of  th.e  latter ; 
of  which  the  average  quantity  annually  ex- 
ported is  ccojooo  tomoli.  VefTels  lie  in  an 
open  road, but  a  new  haven  has  been  formed. 
10  miles  SE.  St.  Severina.  Lofig.  17.  25.  E. 
Lat.  2.9-  8.  N. 

Crotorf,-3iX.o\\r\  of  Germany,  in  the  dutchy 
of  Berg.     II  miles  ESE.  Romberg. 

Crotoy,  L?,  a  feaport  town  of  France,  in 
the  department  of  the  Somme,  about  three 
miles  from  the  fea,  on  the  north  fide  of  the 
river  Somme.  It  had  formerly  a  good  har- 
bour, but  is  nov/  little  fiequented,  the  trade 
being  chiefly  removed  to  St.  Valery.  In 
1423,  Crotoy  was  taken  by  the  Englilh.  10 
miles  NW.  Abbeville.  Lo?:g.  i.  42-  ^-Lat. 
50.39.  N. 

Croiteiidorf,  or  Krctfendcrf,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  the  circle  of  Er^gebirg.  18 
miles  S.  Chemnitz. 

Crotzka,7i  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  the  Danube.  In  the  year  1739,  a 
bloodv  battle  was  fought  here  between  the 
Imperialifls  and  the  Turks  :  the  lofs  on  the 
iide  of  the  Imperiulilts  was,  of  the  infantry 


C  R  O 

3974  killed,  and  3763  wounded;  and  of  the 
cavalry  174 1  killed, and  7^.4  wounded;  1565 
horfes  were  killed,  and  ^.19  wounded:  atlhe 
lame  time  a  livtle  was  fought  ociwcen  the 
fleets  of  the  two  contciiding  iiowcrs  on  the 
Danube,  within  a  Imail  dill.mce  from  the 
town.     15  miles  SE.  Belgrade. 

CroUf  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  gold 
coaH'.     5  milts  SE.  Sanguin. 

Crou^  La,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs 
into  the  Seine  a  little  below  St.  Denys, 

Crouch, -A  river  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  Elfcx,  which  runs  into  the  fea,  10  miles 
NK.  Rochfort;  celebrated  for  its  oyftcr-bcds. 
Crovcf,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Mont  Blanc.  2  m.  NE.  Montmelian. 
Croughr.amalifi,  mountains  of  Ireland,  in 
the  county  of  Mayo,  ro  m.  WNW.  Kdlala. 
Croupiert',  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Puy-de-Dume.     5  miles  S. 
Thiers. 

Cioulin  Ijlands,  two  fmall  iflands  near 
the  weft  coaft  of  Scotland.  Long.  5.50. 
W.   Lat.  SI-  19.  N. 

Croutdle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Vienne.  4  m.  SW.  Poitiers. 
,Crouy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the   Seine  and  Marnc.     10  miles 
NE.  Meaux. 

Crovy,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Ealtern  In- 
dian fea,  near  the  north  coaft  of  Flores. 
Long.  122.  42.  E.  Lat.  8.  i   S. 

Crouzii/c',  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Upper  Vienne.  17  miles 
SE.  Limoges. 

Cron.v  Head,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  on  the 
fouth-weft  coaft  of  the  county  of  Cork. 
Long,  10.  2.  W.  Lat.  51.  32.  N. 

Cro-KV  Ijlafj,  a  fmall  ifland  in  tlie  Curri- 
tuck found,  near  the  coaft  of  North-Carolina. 
Long.  76.  4.  W.  Lat.  36.  24.  N. 

Croiv  Mcadov.'  River,  ?i  river  of  America, 
which  runs  into  the  Thcakiki,  Long.  89.  2. 
W.  Lat.  40.  55.  N. 

Cron.^  Vonvn,  a  town  of  Georgia,  on  the 
Tenaflee.  /,9;/^.86.i4.W.  /-^/.34..5o.N. 
Cro^jL'Taing,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  on  che 
north-weft  co.ft  nf  the  ifland  of  Ronai  ;iliay. 
Cronvland,  or  Croyland,  a  town  jl  Eng- 
land, in  the  county  of  Lincoln, 'i:-;ir  which 
formerly  fto^d  a  celebr,>tcd  abbey,  ruins  of 
which  remain.  The  inhab'tants  derive  a 
conlid:rable  gain  from  wilo  ducks, can ji;ht  in 
decoys;  in  1801,  they  w  .!e  1425  in  nunilv;r. 
12  m.  NNE.  Peterborf.'yh,  93  N.  London. 
Long.  I.  7.  W.  Lat.  -2.  40.  N. 

Crov.'k,  a  town  ot  England,  in  Lincoln- 
fhire,  with  a  mark'.-'  on  Satuii-Liys,  and  i  145 
inhabitants.  36  miles  N.  Lincoln,  t^<^  N. 
Londi-n.  Long.  i.  49.  W.  Lat.  ji-  ,••'>■  N. 
Croivn  IJIand,  an  ifland  m  the  Eafttrn 
fea,  near  the  north--. afl  coafl  of  N  u  Gui- 
nea. I^ong.  146.  50.  E.  Lat  5.  18.  S. 
Cro'v:it  ifland} J  two  foiiill  fortified  iflund* 


C  R  O 


C  R  U 


in  the  Baltic,  at  the  entrance  into  the  har- 
bour of  Copenhagen. 

Cro-xvfi  Point,  a  fort  and  fettlement  of 
United  America,  in  the  ftate  of  New-York, on 
the  verge  of  lake  Champlain.  12  m.  N.Ti- 
conderago.     Zc«^,  73.28.W.  Z^/.44.a.N. 

Croxton  Kyr'iel,  a  village  of  England,  in 
Leicefterflrire.  Here  was  formerly  a  mo- 
naftery,  in  which  the  bowels  of  King  John 
v/ere  interred.    8  m.  NE.  Melton  Mowbray. 

Croy,  a  tov\?n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
rt:ent  of  the  Somme.   5  miles  NW.  Amiens. 

Croy,  or  Crony,  an  iiland  in  the  Southern 
Indian  fea,  difcovered  by  Kerguelen,  in 
1773.  Il^  i^  of  confiderable  height,  and  about 
nine  miles  in  circumference.  Long.  68.  34. 
E.  Lat.  48.  40.  S. 

Croyerei  {La)  IJlands,  a  groupe  of  five 
iflets,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  fo  called 
bvPeroufe.  Capt.Dixon  called  themHazy 
Iflands.  Long.  134.  41.  W.  Lat. 55.50.  N. 

Croydon,  a  town  of  England,  in  the 
county  of  Surrey,  with  a  weekly  market  on 
Saturday,  principally  for  corn.  Here  was, 
till  within  a  few  years,  a  palace  of  the  arch- 
biiliop  of  Canterbury,  which  was  alienated 
and  fold  by  authority  of  parliament  in  the 
year  1780,  and  is  now  employed  for  a  cot- 
ton manufacture.  The  palace  is  intended  to 
be  rebuilt  at  Park-hill  farm,  half  a  mile  from 
Croydon.  The  church  is  faid  to  be  one  of 
the  largeft  and  handfomeft  in  the  county. 
In  looi,  the  population  was  5743,  of  which 
660  were  employed  in  trade  and  manufac- 
tures. 10  miles  S.  London.  Long.  o.  8.  W. 
Lat.  51.  22.  N. 

.    Crozen,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Finifterre.     i6m.NW.  ChateaiJin. 

Crozet,^.  town  of  France,  in  the  dcpart- 
rnent  of  the  Rhone  and  Loire.  10  m.  NW. 
Roanne. 

Cruachan,z.mowox.?ax\  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Argyle,  the  perpendicular  height 
■X  :;9o  feet  above  the  level  of  the  fea.  25  m. 
Sl  Fort  William. 

Cruanacarra,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlan- 
tic, near  the  weft  coaft  of  Ireland.  Long. 
9.  55.  W.  Lat.  5},.  15.  N. 

Criianakilly,  aimall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic, 
near  the  v;efh  coafi;  of  Ireland.  Long.  9. 
59.  W.  Z.?/.  53.  18.  N. 

Cruckfnlla,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  In  the 
county  of  Donegal.  3  miles  SE.  Bloody 
Farland's  Point. 

Crucoli,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Calabria 
Citra.     6'  m  les  SE.  Cariati. 

Cnidcu,  or  Crnda}ie,'d.  village  of  Scotland, 
in  the  county  of  Aberdeen.  This  place  owes 
its  origin  to  a  battle  fought  herein  the  nth 
century,  betv/een  Malcolm  II.  king  ot  Scot- 
land, and  Canute  the  Dane,  afterwards  king 
of  England,  in  which  the  Scots  were  vidori- 
ous.  The  night  afier  the  ba  lie,  the  armies  lay 
near  Cfich  other,  and  the  ligh.t  prei'ented 


fiich  a  fcene  of  carnage  as  inclined  both 
parties  to  a  peace,  which  Canute  and  Mal- 
colm fwore  to  obferve.  Canute,  witli  his 
troops,  left  Scotland ;  and  Malcolm  not 
only  caufed  the  dead  bodies  of  the  Banes  to 
be  honourably  interred,  but  commanded  a 
chapel  to  be  erefted  on  the  fpot,  dedicated 
to  St.  Olaus,  the  patron  of  Denmark  and 
Norway,  in  memory  of  the  event.  No 
traces  of  this  chapel  are  now  to  be  feen. 
The  viljage  near  which  the  chapel  was 
founded  was  called  Croju-Dane,  or  Cruden ; 
which  fignifies  Kill  the  Dane;  and  there 
is  a  tradition  that  the  Danifh  military  cheft 
was  concealed  near  this  place,  but  it  has 
never  yet  been  difcovered.  35  miles  N. 
Aberdeen. 

Cruden  Bay,  a  bay  of  Scotland,  formed 
by  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  on  the  eaft 
coaft  of  the  county  of  Aberdeen.  8  miles  S. 
Peterhead.  Lo7ig'.i.  48. W.  Lat.  57.21.N. 

Crmkjlon,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Renfrew.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  a 
caftle,  originally  belonging  to  a  powerful 
family  of  the  name  of  Croc.  In  the  reign 
of  Malcolm  II.  it  came  by  marriage  to  the 
Stuarts.  In  this  caftle  Darnley  often  courted 
the  beautiful  queen  Mary,     a  m.  E.  Paifley. 

Cruit,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  north-weft  coaft  of  Ireland.  10  miles 
S.  Bloody  Farland's  Point.  Long.  8.  19.  W, 
Lat.  55.  2.  N. 

Crulay,  a  town  of  Fi^ance,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  EureSc  Loire.  10  m.E.Verneuil. 

Crum,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  princi- 
pality of  Wurzburg.     4  miles  ESE.  Hasfurt. 

Crwuarad,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in  the 
county  of  Donegal.     2  miles  N.  Killybegs. 

Cruvian,  fee  Crojnan. 

Crurnaii.)  or  ICruvdaiv,  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, in  the  circle  of  Bechin,  on  the  river 
Moldaw.  32  miles  S.  Bechin,  76  S.  Prague. 
Long.  14.  13.  E.  Lat.  48.  59.  N. 

Crwnlin  Water,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which 
runs  into  the  Lough  Neagh.  6  m.  S.  Antrim. 

Cruiiimock  Water,  a  lake  of  England,  in 
the  county  of  Cumberland,  which  abounds 
with  char  and  trout. 

Crump  Creek,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
runs  into  York  river,  Long.  77.  30.  W. 
/.tf/.  37.  43.N. 

Cnanp  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  in  theWeft- 
Indies,  about  a  mile  long,  north-eaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Antigua.  Long.  61.  25.  W.  Lat, 
17.  14.  IN. 

Cruna  del  Conde,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old 
Caftile,  on  the  Duero,  rearArandadeDuero. 

Cni/ivitz,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Bre(efl<ie,  under  Popiel,  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  9th  century,  made  the  capital 
of  the  kingdom.  This  was  the  native  place 
ofPiaihis,  who,  in  830,  from  being  awheel- 
right,  was  elected  to  the  throne  of  Poland. 
30  miles  NE.  Gneiha. 


C  U  A 

Cnttt.  a  town  of  Swifierland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  Uri.     6  miles  NN  W.  Altdorff. 

Critxhaven,  Ice  Cuxhaven. 

CruYJ,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Alps.  7  m.  SW.  Sillei  on. 

Cruyj fiord,  a  bay  on  the  coall  of  Norway. 
20  miles  S.  Bergen. 

Cruz,  ( La)  A  town  of  SDuth-Amcrira,  in 
the  province  of  P)payan.  50  ni.  S.Pupayan. 

Cr'iZ,  R'o  Cruz,  lee  Camofim. 

Cruz  d(f  Pfxdre,  a  fin,,!!  ifland  near  the 
coaft  of  Cuba.  Lc::g.  80.  5.  W.  Lat.%x. 
II.   N. 

Cruzanu  a  town  of  the  ifland  r>f  Corfica, 
on  the  Liamone.     18  mile?  NNE.  Ajazzo. 

Cruzes,  a  town  of  Panama.  15  miles 
NW.  Pan..>na. 

Cruzcool,  a  branch  of  the  Ganges,  which 
run.;  into  the  bay  of  Bengal,  Long.  91.  8. 
E.  Lat.  21.  30.  N. 

Cruzy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Herault.     12  m.  W.  B^ziers. 

Cruza  le  Chatel,  a  town  of  France,  in  the 
department  of  the  Yonne.  10  miles  E. 
Tonnere. 

Cry7!ia,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Tunis.     8  miles  SW.  Tunis. 

Cfagyavitza,  a  river  of  Sclavonia,  which 
runs  into  the  Drave,  9  miles  E.  Vilevo. 

Cfakathurn,  a  town  of  Hungary,  fituated 
on  a  fmall  river,  between  the  Muer  and  the 
Drave,  celebrated  for  its  wine.  20  miles  W. 
dnifcha,  95  S.  Vienna.  Long.  16.  28.  E. 
Lat.  4'^.  35-  N. 

Cfanad,  a  town  of  Hangaiy,  on  the 
river  Maros.  64  miles  N.  Belgrade,  200 
SE.  Vienna. 

Cft-repaxa,  a  town  and  caftle  of  Hun- 
gary.    8  miles  NE.  Erlau. 

Cferingrad,  a  town  of  Sclavonia,  on  the 
Danube.     5  miles  N.  Peterwardin. 

Cferna,  a  river  of  Hungary,  which  runs 
into  the  Danube,  near  Orfova 

Cf:rrJia,  a  town  of  Sclavonia,  20  miles 
S.  Efzek. 

Cfi-'niick,  a  town  of  Sclavonia.  ir  miles 
NE.  Gradiica.  L-^ng.  1 7.  E.  La'^.  45-  36.  N. 

Cfbgod,  a  town  ot  Tranfylvania.  16  miles 
E.  Udvarhely. 

Cfykaku,  a  town  and  caflle  of  Hungary. 
12  miles  NNE.  S'.ulweifen. 

Cfongrad.  a  tov.-n  of  Hungary,  at  the  con- 
ilux  of  the  rivers  Keres  and  Tneys.  zz  m. 
N.  Zegedin. 

Cfyeck,  or  Ofyck,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  in  the 
palatinate  of  C^lm.     22  miles  N.  Culm. 

Ciiabcingy  or  T.uighoa,  a.  town  ofCDchin- 
china,  near  the  mouth  of  ,1  river  wir.ci-.  runs 
into  the  Chinefs  fea.  Long-  loj.  25.  E. 
Lat.  10.  15.  N. 

Cuadac,  a  feaport  town  of  Tonquin,  on 
^  river  called  Cuadac  or  Rokho,  near  it> 
mouth.  LoKg.io^.  23.  E.  La!.  19.55.N. 
'    Cuadac,  gr  R-Jj^Of  a  river  of  Alia,  whiclx 


CUB 

rifes  in  the  Chinefe  province  of  Yunnin, 
palps  through  the  kingdom  of  Tonqain, 
and  runs  mio  the  Chinvfc  ila,  L^t:g.  uj, 
25.  E.  Lat.  19.  54.  N. 

Ctudian,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia,  on 
a  riv.r  of  the  lame  name.  55  miles  \V. 
Sagnien. 

Cuadiau,  a  river  of  Grand  Bukliarij, 
whichrunsintotheSag.o  cn,6m.S.Cuadian. 

Cub,  \,North,)  a  fmall  illand  in  J.mics's 
Bay,   Huifon's    Bay.     Long.   80.    ?o.  VV. 

Z:.'/.  54.    2.      N. 

Cub,  {South,)  a  fm.ill  ifl'nd  in  Jmrs's 
Bay,  Hudfon's  Bay.  Loi:g.  8j.  jo.  W. 
Laf.  ?3.  42.  N; 

C  tba,   a  very  la'-ge  ifland  in  the  Weft- 
Indies,  b?ing8oo  miles  in  length  frjmeall  to 
well-,  and  70  in  its  mean  breadth  from  nonh 
to  foyth.     It  was  lirtt  dif:ovcred  by  Colum- 
bus, in  the  year  1492,  but  did  '.ot  fubni.t  to 
Spain  till  1511.    In  the  year  lao,  a  pilot 
having  dlfcovered  that  the  ch.t.iiijf  becwecti 
Cuba  and  the  continent  or  the  N..rth  was 
the  mod  convMiient  paflage  for  flrps  fiom 
Mexico  to  Europe,  the  Havannali  was  built 
on  the   north    coaft  as   a   port  to  receive 
them.    It  was  firll  built  of  wood,  and  tlv2 
increafing  riches  attrav5ted  the  Englifh  and 
French  pirates,  who  frequently  pillaged  it. 
In    1669,  it  was  t^km   by  the  frecb-  >cr 
Morgan.     In  the  year  1741,  Adm-  ,il  Ver- 
non niide  an  elta'olilhment  on  tlic  foutiiera 
oart,  and  b  ii!t  a  fort  w^.ich  he  c.dleJ  Cum- 
berland,  bat  was  i^ion  afi^r  oblig-d  to  eva- 
cuate it,  on  account  of  the  intemperance  of 
the   climate.     In    1761,  the  Englilli  A/j\n 
took  tiie   Ilavannah,   and  found   immenls 
treaiures.     A  governor,  or  captain-genera), 
commands  in    the   ifl.ind,  who  d.'cid.s  all 
affairs  civil  and  military  ;  an  intend.mt  i^  at 
the  head  of  the  tinanc.s.     The  iiland  is  di- 
videdinto  eighteen  ju!'fd;6fi'>ns,  with  magill 
tratcs  to  each.     A   chiin  of  mount.^i'i-j  e.ȣ- 
tentls  the  whole  lengdi  of  the  liland  IViin 
caft  to  weft,  and    divides  it  in  two.     The 
copper    mines    furnilh    r!l     tlie     Sp<inilh 
coloriies  will)  i.ti-nlils  of  .::.•»'  ni>.ta' :  'lV.kW 
pieces  of  gold  and  filver  aiccolLcleil  in  tl.-^ 
iimd  o:  ilie  river,  whic'i   nakes  it 
that  there  are  veins  of  thcfc  m 
mountains.   Few  courtrieshavi 
the  muft  confi  fcrable  and  ;> 
the  H  ivannah  and  St.  j 
0  Julv  and  Augu't   ■a.\ 
lb -■  year  is  hot.     T  :c  1.-.I   li   .  j  ... 
lity  to  anv  in  America,  prodjcui).'  ,  ;  . 
long  pepper,  and  other  ipices;  alo;;..,  ■ 
caliia  fiftul.i,    nianior,    maize,    ..   . 
Tobacco  16  vneof  its  pnncipai  pro.;^w. 
and   IS   iup'Joijd  to   be  'he   b-.d,  .  r 
agreeable   «>f    any    produ  •..!    1:1     'i- 
wo'ld.     Tne  (ultivatiou  or  1"   . 
been  introduced,  and  iri  lor.  ;.  •, 
bitants  have  raikd  ajo,©;©  qi* - 


CUB 

(Quantity  of  coffee  is  inconsiderable.  Among 
the  trees  are  oaks,  firs,  palms,  cotton  trees, 
ebony,  and  mahogany.  In  1763,  fome  emi- 
grants from  F!oriHa  introduced  bees,  which 
multiplied  with  fuch  great  rapidity  in  the 
holiows  of  old  trees,  thatjhey  had  foon  fuffi- 
cient  for  their  annual  confamption.  In  1770, 
they  had  more  than  enough;  and  in  the  year 
1777,  they  exported  715,000  pounds.  The 
horned  cattle  have  increafed  fo  much,  that 
the  forefts  are  filled  with  droves  of  them, 
which  run  wild,  and  are  hunted  and  killed 
only  for  their  iltins;  fwine  are  abundant, 
both  wild  and  tame.  The  chief  birds  are 
paroquets,  turtle-doves,  and  partridges; 
water-fowl  are  num,erous  :  on  the  coafts  are 
found  a  great  number  of  turtles.  The  prin- 
cipal fifh  are  mullets  and  chads.  Long.  73. 
50.  to  85.  30.  W.  Lat.  20.  to  23. N. 

Cuba.,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  the  province 
of  Alentejo.     9  miles  NNW.  Beja. 

Ciihagua,  z  imall  ifland  near  the  coafl  of 
Curnana,  in  South-America,  between  the 
ifland  of  Margarita  and  the  continent,  dif- 
covered  by  Chriftopher  Columbus;  cliiefly 
vll'ited  by  the  Spaniards  for  the  fake  of 
pesrls  found  on  its  coafts;  but  in  1524,  the 
banks  of  pearls  dilappeared,  and  the  lilher- 
men,  v/ho  were  Indians  from  the  Lucayes 
lilands,  were  nearly  exhauftcd.  The  foil  is 
dry,  barren, and  nitrous,  without  frelh  vv^ater, 
and  producing  little  elfe  but  ruilies.  Lo?.>g. 
63.  30.  W.  Lat.  ID.  56.  N. 

CubaimaroH,  a  river  of  the  ifiand  of  St. 
Vincent,  which  runs  into  the  fea,  in  a  bay 
of  the  fame  name. 

Cubcn:;iarou  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  fouth  coaft 
of  the  iOand  of  St.  Vincent.  Long.  61.  11. 
Vv^  jL.'?/.  13.6.  N. 

Cubak^  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  13.  36.  S. 

Cuba?!,  a  river  of  Ruffian  Tartary,  which 
rifes  in  Mount  Caucafus,  and  empties  itfelf 
by  two  mouths,  one  into  the  fea  of  Azoph, 
the  other  into  the  Black  fea  ;  forming  the 
fouthcrn  boundaries  of  the  Rufilan  empu-ein 
that  pait. 

Cuban  Ta;  tary,  a  part  of  Tartary,  fituated 
to  ti:e  north  of  Perfia,  now  united  to  Ruffia, 
which  takes  its  name  from  the  river  Cuban. 

Cubb's  Creek,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
runs  into  the  Staunton  river,  Long.  79.  W. 
Lat.  36.  47.  N. 

Cubcab/a,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Darfur,  30  miles  Y\f.  Cobbe. 

_  CnbeJ/h,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Ned.-;jed,  in  the  load  from  /.leppo 
to  Baflora.     130  miles  WS  VV.  Mefchid  All. 

Cubjac,'^.  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
men!:  of  the  Dordogne.  7  miles  E.  Peri- 
guai.x. 

Cub/7,  iiz  Gubbio. 

Cub'i'fa.  a  town  of  Arabia,  iu  Yemen,  jj 
riiiis  N.  Hodeida. 


CUD 

CnhJanc,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Dordogne.     10  m.  SW.  Brive. 

Cubota,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  ifland  of 
Niphon.     20  miles  SE.  Achita. 

Ctica-fia,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  country 
of  Friuli.     7  miles  W.  Palma  la  Nuova. 

Cucck'iara,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Adriatic, 
near  the  coaft  of  Naples.  18  m.  NW.Viefte. 

Cuchecunna,  a  town  of  Candahar.  68 
miles  Vv^NW.  Candahar. 

Ciicc'ta  Nova,  a  tov/n  of  Croatia.  52  m. 
ESE.  Agram. 

Click tmochi,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the 
ifland  of  Ximo.     25  miles  S.  Naka. 

Ci'.chut,  a  town  of  New  Navarre.  160 
miles  SSE.Cafa  Grande. 

Cuckanara,  fee  yagrejiatporum. 

Cackeree,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bun- 
delcund.     15  miles  SW.  Pannah. 

CiickfiAd,  atown  of  England,  in  the  county 
of  SufTfX,  in  the  road  from  London  to 
Brighihlenjftone,  with  a  v/eekly  market  on 
Fridaf.  14  miles  N.  Brighthelmftone,  40 
S.  London. 

Cucbnere,  a  river  of  England,  which  runs 
into  the  fea,  3  miles  W.  Beachy  Head. 

Cuckold'' s  Point,  a  cape  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  Barbadoes.  Long.  58.  28.W. 
Laf.  13.  32.  N. 

Cncula,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  thecir- 
car  of  Guntoor.     27  miles  NE.  Innaconda. 

C neuron,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mouths  of  the  Rhone.  7  miles 
S.  Apt. 

Cucurpe,  a  town  of  New  Navarre.  1$^. 
S.  Cala  Grande.- 

Cucuta,  a  town  of  New  Grenada.  40 
miles  N.  Pam.plona. 

Cudabi,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  left 
bank-of  the  Nile.     2  miles  S.  Fefhn. 

Cudaly,  a  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  Guze- 
rat.     40  miles  N  vV.  Gogo. 

Ciidanapattavj,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.     10  miles  S.  Pullumnaire. 

Cuddalore,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  on  the 
coaif  of  Coromandel,  in  the  Carnatic,  fitu- 
ated near  where  St.  David's  i^ood;  this  town 
was  taken  by  the  French,  under  the  com- 
mand of  General  Lally,  in  the  year  1758, 
and  again  in  1783.'  15  miles  SSW.  Pondi- 
cherry,  85  NE.  Trichinopoly.  Long.  qt). 
SS-  E.  Lat.  II.  40.  N. 

Cuddapa,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  arid  ca- 
pital of  a  circar  to  which  it  gives  name,  be- 
longing to  the  Nizam  of  the  Deccan.  116 
nfilcs  NW.  Madras,  58  W.  Ncllcre.  Long. 
78.  57.  E.  Lat.  14.  25.  N. 

Ciiddapa,  a  circar  of  Hindooftan,  bound- 
ed on  the  north  by  the  country  of  Golconda, 
on  t!)c  caft  by  the  Carnatic,  and  on  the 
ftuth-weft  and  weft  by  the  Pviyl(;)re,  ceded 
to  the  Nizam  of  the  Deccan  by  Tippoo  Sul- 
tan. The  principal  towns  are  Cuddapa, 
Gandicotta,  and  Combam, 


CUE 

Cuddafiir.,  a  town  of  Hindooflan.  24  m. 
E.  Benares. 

Cuddunn-itjIU  .1  town  of  Bengal.  8  miles 
NNW.  Illaniab:id. 

Cudgei!eii\  a  town  of  Hindooftaq,  in  the 
circar  of  Kitclnvana.     18  miles  S.  Ivajcgur. 

Ctidgi,  a  town  of  Hindoollan,  in  Baiiar. 
34  miles  SSW.  Arrah. 

Cudgnvahy  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Oude. 
10  miles  E.  Corah. 

Cudhar,  a  town  of  Bengal,  n  miles 
SSE.  Curruckpour. 

Ci'Jjereey  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the 
Hoogly.  45  miles  SSW.  Calcutta.  Long. 
88.  5.  E,  I.at.  ai.  52.  N. 

Cudjera,  atov.n  of  Bengal.  38  miles  SSE. 
Ghidore. 

Cudhnoody,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Coimbetore.     13  m.  WNW.  Canoor. 

Cudoogal,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gol- 
conda.     24  miles  S.  Hydrabad. 

Cudivoja,  a  town  of  Walachia.  30  miles 
SW.  Buchareil. 

Cudrcjin,  a  town  and  bailiwic  of  Swificr- 
land,  in  the  canton  of  Berne,  on  the  Ibuth- 
eafl  borders  of  Neufchatel.  This  town  was 
taken  by  afTault,  in  the  year  1475,  by  the 
Swiis  cantons,  and  allotted  to  the  cantons 
of  Berne  and  Friburg,  who  reftored  it  to  the 
Duke  of  Savoy.  In  1536,  the  inhabitants 
furrendered  to  the  Bernois  without  rcfift- 
ance,  under  which  canton  it  remains.  5  m.' 
S£.  Neufchatel,  21  W.  Berne.  Long.  6. 
49.  E.  LiJt.  46.  59.  N. 

Cudriiah,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Guze- 
rat,  on  tlieMyhic.  50  m.  SE.  Mahmoodabad. 

Cudivah,  a  town  of  Bengal-  40  miles 
ESE.  Dacca. 

Cue,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  the  province  of 
Adirbeitzan.     100  nnles  SSW.  Tiiuris. 

Ciu'ba,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  .of  Tucuman.  85  miles  N.  St.  S.d- 
vador  de  Jugui. 

Cuello,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  New 
Grenada,  on  the  Madalena.  36  m.WNW. 
Santa  Fc  dc  Bogoia. 

Cuefig'i,  oxBamlni,  a  town  cf  South-Arne- 
rica,  and  capital  of  a  jurisdii-'bon,  in  the 
viccroyahy  of  New  Grenada,  and  audience 
of  Quito,  containing  between  25  and  30,000 
inhabitants.  150  miles  S.  Quito.  Lr.ng. 
78.  44.  W.  Lat.  2.  56   S.     _ 

Cuenca,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  New  C:iflile, 
anciently  called  Can^a,  the  fee  of  a  bnliop, 
fuflVagan  of  Toledo.  This  town  was  built 
by  the  Moors  on  a  hig!i  and  craggy  hiil, 
between  the  rivers  Xucar  and  Hu'.fcar, 
which  makes  it  naturally  ftrong.  The 
afcentis  difficult,  the  flreets  narrow,  and  io 
fteep,  that  hor.es  cannot  be  ufld  in  Ibme  of 
them.  It  hai  no  water  except  what  is 
brought  from  other  hiils  at  lome  dill  nice. 
In  the  year  11 76,  it  was  btfi.-ged  by 
Aloaib  klu-  of  Caitilc,  and  furrendered  a 


C  U  L 

the  end  of  ten  months.  It  was  taken  by" 
the  Earl  of  Peterborough  in  1706  ;  but  loon 
after  retaken  by  the  Duke  of  Berwick.  75 
miles  E.  Madrid,  100  WNW.  Valencia. 
Long.  2.  16.  W.  Lat.^o.  10.  N. 

CKOiga,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  the  province 
of  Leon.     32  miles  S.  Leon. 

Ciu'iuari.,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  New  Bifcay.    52  miles  S.  Parral. 

Ctu'/ii,  or  Zti:ra,  a  town  of  Spiin,  in 
Aiagon,^  on  the  Gullego.  10  miles  N. 
Saragofla. 

Cuerriabiica,  or  Corv.avaca.,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  which  in  tlie  time  of  Cortes  was 
the  capital  of  a  people  called  Tiahuicas.  40 
miles  SSW.  Mexico.  L-mg.  100.  56.  W. 
Lat.  19.  20.  N. 

Ciiers,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Var.    9  miles  NNE.  Toulon. 

Cuivas,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  province 
of  New  Biicay.     70  m.  NW.  Parral. 

Cucvas,  a  tovv'n  of  New  Bifcay.  150  m. 
SW.  Parral. 

Ciifa,  a  town  of  the  Arabian  Irak,  near 
the  frontiers  of  Arabia  Delerta,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, founded  by  the  troops  of  Calif 
Omar,  after  the  taking  of  Ctcfiphon.  It  is 
now  in  ruins.  90  miles  S.  Bagdid,  4  SE. 
Mefghid  Ali. 

Cugnafcot  a  town  of  Italy.  5  miles  S. 
Bcllinzona. 

Cuiy  or  Couir,  a  town  of  Lower  Siam,  on 
tlie  weft  coaft  of  the  gulf.  170  m.  SSW. 
]\i\.\\\.  Lotig.  99.  56.  E.    Lijf.  II.  40.  N. 

Cajavia,  a  province  of  Poland,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Villula;  the,  fee  of  a  biiTiop, 
fuftV.igan  of  Gnefria,  whofe  refidence  was  at 
Wladid av,',  the  capital,  and  wlio  was  lono- 
called  the  bilhop  of  KruIVitz,  becaufe  he  re- 
fided  at  a  town  of  that  name.  It  has  pafled 
under  the  dominions  of  Prufiia. 

Cuicior,  a  town  of  Thibet.  30  miles 
SW.  Laffa. 

Cuelle,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mayenne.  15  miles  WSW. 
Laval. 

Cuilli,  a  town  of  Swifferland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  Berne,  fituatcd  on  the  north  coall  of 
the  lake  of  Geneva,  furroundtd  with  walls 
and  ditches  in  1440.    5  m.  SE.Laulannc. 

Cuifcry,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  13  miles 
SSE.  Chalons. 

^^tiitaperi,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  W'cft 
Bjthnia,  on  the  Tornca.  25  m.  N.  Tornca. 

Cuivauievii,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Eaft 
Bothnia,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  'io  named, 
wi'ich  runs  into  ihcgulf  of  Bothnia.  23  nu 
N.  Ulea. 

Cuivin,  fee  Couviti. 

CuizcaH,  lee  Cuzcau. 

Cul  di  Cohc,  a  bay  of  the  ifland  of  Marli- 
nico,  on  the  north  part  of  the  Cul  dc  S^c 
Royal. 


C  U  L 


C  U  L 


Ctd  de  Sac,  a  general  term  for  a  bay  in 
the  Weft-India  iflands. 

Cul de  Sac  des  Anglo'is,  a  bay  o^  the 
ifland  of  Martinico,  on  the  fouth-eaft  coall:, 
a  little  to  the  fouth  of  Cape  Ferre. 

Cul  de  Sac  Frangois,  a  bay  of  the  ifland 
of  Martinico.  Long.  60.  si'  W.  Lat 
14.^34.  N. 

Ctd  de  Sac,  {Grand,)  9.  bay  on  the  weft 
coaft  of  the  ifland  ot  S'.  Lucia. 

Cul  de  Sac,  {Grand,)  a  bay  on  the  north 
coafl  of  the  ifland  of  Guadaloupe.  Lo?ig. 
ti.  5.'.  W.  Lat.  16.  30.  N. 

Cul  de  Sac  Marin,  a  bay  oa  the  fouth 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Martinico.  Long.  60. 
45.  y/.  /.(?/.  14.  31.  N. 

C7d  de  Sac,  {Petit),  a  bay  of  Guadaloupe. 
7  miles  S.  Grand  Cul  de  Sac. 

Cul  de  Sac  Robert,  a  bay  of  the  ifland  of 
Martinico,  on  the  eafl:  coaft.  Long.  61.  W. 
Lat.  14.  34>  N"- 

Cul  de  Sac  Roy  all  a  bay  on  the  weft  codll 
of  the  ifland  of  Martinico.  Long.  61.  W. 
Lat.  14.  30.  N. 

Cul  de  Sac  V ache,  a  bpy  of  the  ifland  of 
Martinico.  Long.do.f^'j.'W.  Lat.  14.31.N. 

Ciddameri,  a  town  of  Hindo('fl:an,  in  the 

circar  of  Singrowla.     35  miles  SE.  Saij^our. 

Culebra,  a  i'mall  ifland  in    tiie  Eaftein 

Indian  fea,  near  the  wefl:  coaft  of  the  ifland 

of  Li;5on.  Long.  120.5.  E-  Lat.  15.57.N. 

Culehras,  a  river  of  Mexico,  which  fepa- 
Tates  the  province  of  Cofta  Rica  from  that  of 
Veragua,  and  runs  into  the  Spanifii  Main. 
Long.  82.  30.  W.  Lat.  9.  20.  N. 

Culeche,  fee  Coleche. 

Culsikaty  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  empire 
of  Morocco.  32  miles  N.  M.gador,  120 
W.'Morocco. 

Culenihiirg,  a  town  of  Holland,  in  th.e 
JIate  of  Gueidtrland,  'fituated  on  the  fouth 
lide  of  the  Leek.  It  was  taken  by  the  French 
in  1672,  who  difmantled  it  two  years  after. 
The  lords  of  Culemburg  liave  been  very  il- 
luftrious,  and  were  powerful  in  the  year 
■3150.  Jt  was  ereifted  into  a  comte  in  the 
•year  i!;5i;,  by  Charles  V.  in  favour  of  Flo- 
rent  de 'Paliant.  This  Florcnt  dePallant' 
was  among  the  confederate  nobles,  who  pre- 
fented  the  remonftrance  againfl:  the  inqui- 
lltion,  and  in  favour  of  liberty  of  confcience, 
to  the  Dutchel's  of  Parma,  the  5th  of  April, 
^566.  During  the  fucceeding  troubles  he 
retired  to  Culemburg,  where  he  lived  peace- 
ably, and  died  in  the  year  1598.  IDying 
without  children  the  comte  defccndcd  to 
the  Comte  de  Waldeck,  who  had  married 
the  heirefs  by  a  collateral  lir.e.  7,7  miles 
SSE.Amfterdam,  16  N.  Bois  le  Due.  Long. 
J.  8.  E.  Z^/.  51.58.  N. 

Cnlhat,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Puy-de-D6nie.  10  m.  E.  Riom. 

Cnliac-an,  a  province  of  Mexico,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Cinaloa,  on.  the  eufl  by  New 


Bifcay,  on  the  fouth  by  the  P.-^cific  Ocean, 
and  on  fhe  wefl:  by  the  gulf  of  California  ; 
about  2CO  miles  long,  and  90  bro^d.  The 
ioil  is  fertile,  and  the  air  henlthy.  There  are 
f  imefi}v:r  mines.  The  pnrc'pal  towns  are 
Cuiiacan,  Petatlan,  and  St.  M'guel. 

Culiucan,  a  to\\n  of  North-America,  and 
capital  of  a  province  of  the  fame  name,  in 
Mexico,  on  a  river  cafledalfo  Cuiiacan.  480 
miles  NW.  Mexico.  Long.  108.  23.  W. 
Lat.  24.22.N. 

Cuiiacan, ViUver  of  North-America,  which 
runs  into  the  Atlantic,  Long.  109.  W.  Lat. 
24.  20.  N. 

Cull,  a  poor  feaport  town  of  Algiers,  fitu- 
^,ted  at  the  bottom  of  a  gulf,  in  the  country 
of  Algiers,  with  a  tolerable  port.  It  was 
anciently  called  Collops  Magnus  ;  at  pre- 
fent  theie  are  bui  fmal!  remains  of  grandeur. 
Long-  6.40.  E.  Lat.  37.  40.  N. 

Cullan,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
micnt  of  the  Cher.     30  miles  S.  Bourges. 

Culleanpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  40  miles 
W.  Silhet. 

Cvllen,  a  feaport  town  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Bamff,  fltuated  at  the  mouth  of  a 
river  of  its  own  name,  in  the  frith  of  Mur- 
ray, It  is  a  royal  burgh,  and  united  with 
BamfF,  Kintore,  Elgin,  and  Inverary,  fends 
one  member  to  parliament.  The  chief  em- 
ployment of  the  inhabitants  is  in  the  linen 
manufaffure  and  lilhing.  The  population 
in  1801,  was  1076.  A  bridge  is  built  acrofs 
the  river  which  leads  to  Cuilen-houfe,  a  feat 
of  Lord  Findlater,  which,  in  1745,  was  con- 
fumed  by  the  rebels.  12  miles  W.  BamfF. 
Long.  2.  44.  W.   Lat.  57.  38.  N. 

Collera,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia, 
on  thelea-coafl",  at  the  mouth  of  the  Xucar. 
21  miles  S.  Valencia,  10  NNW.  Gandia. 

Culls,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  10  miles 
SW.  Chalons. 

Culloden  Muir,  a  heath  of  Scotland,  in 
the  county  of  Invernefs,  celebrated  for  a  vic- 
tory obtained  in  the  year  1746,  by  the  Duke 
of  Cumbfjrland,  over  the  unfortunate  prince 
Charles  Stuart,  which  for  ever  deftroyed  the 
hopes  of  that  fimily  and  their  friends.  4 
miles  E.  Invernefs. 

Cnlloor,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  Gol- 
conda,  celebrated  for  its  diamond  mints. 
15  miles  W.Rajahinundry,  looE.Hydrabad. 
Long.  So.  37.  E.  Lat.  17.  12.  N. 

Cnlloor,  atownof  FIindoofl:an,  in  the  cir- 
car of  Guntoor-     20  miles  E.  Guntoor. 

Cullcrc,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Gu- 
zerat.     12  miles  E.  Surat. 

Culhan,  a  tov/n  of  Bengal.  10  miles 
ENE.  Nattore. 

Culluj'ipton.  or  Collumptc^i,  a  town  of 
England,  in  the  county  Oi  Devon,  with  a 
weekly  njarket  on  Saturday.  Here  are  ma- 
nufadures  of  fagathie'S;  ferges,  and  othe^ 


C  U  L 

woollen  goods.  In  iSoi,  the  number  of 
inhabitants  was  3138,  of  whom  1050  were 
employed  in  trade  and  manufactures.  11 
miles  N.  Exeter,  159  W.  London.  Long. 
3.  20.  VV.  Lilt.  50.  5f.  N. 

Cully,  a  town  of  SwifTerland,  in  the  can- 
ton of  Berne,  on  the  north  coiill  of  the  lake 
of  Geneva.     5  miles  ESE.  Lauiannc. 

Ciillyto?!,  or  Cclyto/2,  a  town  of  England, 
in  the  county  of  Devon,  with  a  weekly 
maiket  on  Th.urfday,  ar.d  164 1  inhabitants. 
i^  miles  W.  Lvme,  and  1^0  W.  London. 
Z,  7;^.  3 .  8 .  W. '  Lat.  5  o.  4  7  •  N. 

Cull)!,  a  city  of  Polifn  Pruflia,  capital  of 
a  palatinate  of  the  fame  name,  and  the  fee  of 
abifhop.  This  town  was  built  in  the  13th 
century,  and  is  fituated  on  the  Viftula.  It 
was  given  by  a  duke  of  Mafovia  to  the 
knights  of  the  Teutonic  order,  who  made 
it  the  feat  of  their  tribunal  as  lo:ig  as  they 
were  poilefled  of  the  territory  of  Culm,  du- 
ring which  time  the  Culmeanlavv'  was  gene- 
rally received  throughout  PruOia:  from  the 
Teutonic  knights  it  became  fubjed  to  the 
kings  of  Poland  ;  and  afterwards  to  Pruffia. 
It  is  large,  without  commerce,  and  thinly  in- 
habited. It  was  once  Anfeatic,  and  had  till 
lately  the  privilege  of  coining  money.  18 
miles  NNW.  Thorn.  Long.  iS.  lo.  E. 
Lat-^l.  10.  N. 

Culm,  a  river  of  England,  wi/ich  runs 
from  Cullumpton  in  Dcvonfhire  to  the  Ex. 

Culi/it  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Saatz.     8  miles  NE.  Eger. 

Culma'in,  a  town  of  Bavaria.  14  miles 
E.  Bavreuth. 

Cidmhach^  {Marqulfaieof,)  a  principality 
and  country  of  Germany,  in  the  circle  of 
Franconia,  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
hifhopric  of  Bamberg  and  the  county  of 
Reufs,  on  the  eaft  by  the  Vogtland  and  Bo- 
hemia, on  the  fouth  by  the  Upper  Palatinate, 
and  on  the  weft  by  the  bilhopric  of  Bamberg. 
It  is  compofed  of  mountains  and  plains;  the 
foil  is  in  Ibme  places  rich  and  deep,  in  others 
fandy  and  ftcny,  but  gcncaliy  fertile,  be- 
caufe  well  cultivated.  Aruong  the  mountains 
is  one  calle  i  Fitchtelberg,  or  mountain  of 
Pines,  from  the  number  of  thofe  trees  which 
grov/  on  it,  fuppofcd  to  be  one  of  the 
higheft  in  Germany.  There  arc  mines  of 
vitriol,  alum,  fulphur,  antimony,  copper, 
iron,  and  lead ;  v/ith  quarries  of  flatc  and 
marble;  corn,  hemp,  and  flax  abound; 
nothing  is  wanted  but  wine.  The  greater 
part  oi  the  inhabitants  are  Lutherans.  The 
principalitv  contains  fifty-foiir  towns.  The 
principal  of  which  are  Bayrcuth,  Culmbach, 
and  Hoff.  The  princ'pal  rivcis  are  the 
ISIitin,  the  Nab,  the  Eger,  the  Saalc,  and  the 
Pregnirz-  The  principality  pays  329  florins 
for  the  Roman  month,  and  to  tlie  chamber 
of  Wetzla.ir  338  rixdoliars,  fourteen  kreut- 
zers.  The  revenues,  mauaged  with  economy, 


C  U  M 

may  amount  to  a  irillion  of  florins.  The 
military  eftablilhmcni  cunliils  of  two  regi- 
ments of  infantry,  a  trrop  of  hnrA' -guards, 
and  a  fmall  cn.ps  of  liu.Tars,  befidts  55 
companies  of  militia.  It  is  fonxtimcs  called 
the  Principality  of  Bayreuih,  fiom  tliat  city. 

Cuhnhnch,  a  city  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Franconia,  and  fccond  town  of  tlic 
principality  to  v.hich  it  gives  name;  iiuiated 
on  the  Main.  In  14,70,  it  was  buincd  by  the 
Huffitcs.  ij-  miles  NNW.  Bayrcuih,  25  NE. 
E,;n.b;re.  L',iig.  11.  30.  H.  I^aK  50.  5.  N. 

Culms/:Jli.',  or  CI:jlr:J':i.',  a  town  of  Prui- 
fia,  in  the  territory  of  Culm,  built  iu  tlie 
year  i2i;j.     12  miles  SE.  Culm. 

Ctihi.ilzfch,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the 
circle  of  Neulladt.     7  miles  E.  Wcvda. 

Culifios,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  Tavall- 
land.     15  miles  S.  Jamfio. 

Cuhiijiock,  a  town  of  England,  in  Dcvon- 
flii'-e,  which,  in  igoi,  contained  vJiiiin  its 
parifli  1496  inhabitiint^,  of  whum  769  were 
employ  :d  in  trade  ar.d  manufactures.  3  m. 
E.  Cullumpton.     160  VV. London. 

Culnak,  a  town  of  Bengal.  26  miles  SE. 
Moorley.   Long.  8 ).  .-iS.  E.  Lat.  22.  50.  N. 

Culnah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  la  m.  SW. 
Kiflienagur. 

Ciilp-Jti'y,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Coim- 
betore.     48  miles  WNW.  Damicotta. 

Culpec,  a  town  of  Bergal,  on  the  Iloogly, 
28  milus  S.  Calcutta. 

Culpepper.,  a  countv  of  Virginia. 

Culflfs,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  the  county 
of  Perth,  on  the  Forth,  containing  about 
2C0  houfes.  It  is  a  royal  burgh,  united  with 
Stirling,  Inveikeithing,  Queenferry,  and 
Dumfermline,  to  fend  one  member  to  the 
Imperial  parliament.  Here  are  confidenble 
remains  of  a  Ciftcitian  abbey,  founded  in 
1217,  by  Malcchn  carl  of  FiiC.  There  are 
a  conf.derable  number  uf  falt-pans;  and  for- 
merly the  coa!-v/orks  of  Culrofs  were  the 
mofl  confiderable  in  Seothirr';  and  an  a<S 
was  pafled  in  1663,  by  which  it  was  or- 
dained that  the  Culrofs  mcafurc  (hould  be 
the  ftandard  of  Scotland,  bjt  at  prcicnt 
they  aie  but  little  wo'kcd.  Tlie  manufac- 
ture of  girdles  was  confi.-ed  Ibltly  to  this 
town,  till  in  the  year  I727,  the  monopoly  was 
fet  alide  bv  a  court  of  fellion.  In  tiic  be- 
ginning of  the  nth  CT.tury  a  b;;ttle  was 
fought  near  this  town,  between  ihc  Danes 
ancfthe  Scots,  in  which  fiic  l.itter  were  de- 
feated. 17  miles  S.Stirling,  and  21  N^V. 
Edinbi.rgh.    Lnr.g.z.  c,c).\\' .  Lat.  ^'u  x  N. 

Culjly,  a  town  of  Bengal.  12  m.  I^Vv'. 
Gorag(.>t. 

Culifpc'c,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Meclioacan.  60  ni.  Slv.  Mcchoaciij. 

Cui-'jra,  a  town  of  ilindooftan,  in 
Goondwana.     ai  miles  VV.  Coouuah. 

Cnvia,  a  town  of  the  ifl-uid  of  Giiolo^ 
fi'wuaied  at  tlie  buLioai  of  a  large  bay. 


CUM 


C  U  M 


Cuma,  a  fmall  Ifland  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean.    5  miles  W.  Naples. 

Cuma,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Lavora.  4 
miles  NW.  Pozzuolo. 

Cuma,  a  town  of  Erafii,  near  the  coafl 
Cif  the  Atlantic.  20  miles  NW.  St.  Luis  de 
MarannonJ 

Cumaja,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  ,in  the 
circar  of  JuHipour.     18  m.  NE.  Odeypour. 

Cioncv/wtta,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the 
iiland  of  Ximo.     22  miles  N.Udo. 

Cuj!uvia,  a  province  of  South-America, 
\n  the  government  of  the  Caraccas,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  the  Caribbean  lea,  on  the 
caft  by  the  Oronooko,  on  the  iouth  by 
Spanifh  Guiana,  and  on  the  weft  by  Vene- 
zuela. The  military  force  of  the  province 
amounts  to  three  companies  of  Europeans, 
4,50  artillery  men,  and  2345  niilitia.  The 
■whole  population  amounts  to  about  8o,gco. 

Cu:-nana,  or  Neiv  Cordova,  a  town  of 
South-America,  and  capital  of  a  province 
©f  the  lame  name,  in  the  government  of 
Caraccas.  This  town  was  built  in  the  year 
1520,  and  was  firft  called  New  Cordova, 
but  is  now  generally  known  by  the  name 
cf  Cumana.  It  is  fortified,  but  the  litua- 
tion  is  unhealthy.  It  contains  about  3000 
inhabitants,  V'/ho  carry  on  a  confiderable 
trade  in  cocoa,  and  other  productions  of  the 
country.  The  road  is  commodious  for  its 
depth  and  femicircular  form,  which  defends 
it  from  the  violence  of  the  winds.  Long. 
64.  36.  W.  Lat.  10.  12.  N. 

Canmrdu,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ba- 
Lar.     15  miles  S.  Patna. 

Ciiniarjaki  a  tov/n  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
E.  Dacca. 

Ctiinhach,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Boleilaw.     4  miles  NW.  OabeL 

Gimibal,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the 
province  of  Popayan,     45  m.  SSW.  Paffo. 

Ciimbava,  or  Su-inhava,  an  ifland  in  the 
Eaif  crn  Indian  fea ;  1 80  iriiles  in  length  from 
eaft  to  wefl,  and  from  20  to  40  broad.  Long. 
116.  30.  to  119.  3c.  E.  Lat.  8.  5,  to  9.  2.  S. 

Cumhavai  a  town  on  the  north  coafl:  of 
the  ifland  of  Cumbava.  Long.  117.  5.E. 
Lat.  S.  37.  N._ 

Camber,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Down- 
fliire.  In  a  battle  fought  here  in  June  1798,  the 
iflfurgents  were  vifforious,  near  Newtown. 

C/i?,v/;tT/c/;.'i/,acountyofEngland,  bounded 
pn  the  north  by  Scotland  and  the  Solway 
■frith,  thirty  niiies;  on  the  eaft  by  Northum- 
berland and  Durham,  fifty-eight  miles;  on 
the  fcHith  by  Wcllmoreland  and  Lancafiiire, 
li'.tv-nine  miles ;  and  on  the  weff  by  the 
Iri'.h  fea,  fixty-fcvcn  miles:  in  all  224  miles 
in  circumference,  fifty-eight  miles  in  length, 
iind  rather  above  thirty  in  breadth.  The 
furfics  is  diverfified  with  plains  and  emi- 
nence's; open,  braky,  heathy  commons, 
and  u  regular  inclofurcs,  in  ibme  parts  en- 


riched with  rifing  plantations ;  tlie  whole 
watered  by  innumerable  ftreams  and  exten- 
five  lakes,  abounding  with  fifh  of  various  de- 
nominations, and  plenty  of  game.  Though 
this  county  enjoys  an  extent  of  fxty-feven 
miles  of  fea  coall,  yet  it  cannot  boaft  of  its 
navigable  rivers;  the  tide  flows  not  more 
than  tAvo  or  three  miles  up  the  greatell  part 
of  them.  Cumberland  may  be  confidered  as 
forming  two  diiTerentdiflrifls,  themountain- 
ous,  and  that  which  is  capable  of  culture. 
The  m.ountainousdiflricls  are  feparated  into 
two  divifions,  one  of  which  bounds  the  eaft 
fide  of  the  county,  and  is  the  highefi:  part 
of  that  ridge  of  m.ountains  that  divides  the 
eaftern  and  weltern  coafts  of  the  ifland,  from 
Derbyfhire  inEngkind,  toLinlithgowinScot- 
land.  Crofs-fcll,  Hartfide-feil,  Geltsdale- 
foref',  and-Spadeadam-wafte,  are  the  names 
of  that  portion  of  the  ridge  which  paffes 
through  this  county.  Thefe  mountains  are 
compofed  of  ftrata  of  different  kinds  of 
ftone,  and  are  rich  iin  coal,  lime,  and  lead 
ore,  but  are  no  way  remarkable  for  any 
ftriking  irregularities  of  furface.  The  other 
diviflon  of  mountainous  diflridts  occupies 
the  fouth-weft  part  of  the  county;  and  they 
are  known  by  the  names  of  Skiddaw,  Sad- 
dleback, Helvellin,  Wrynofe,  Hardknot, 
Seafell,  &c.  &c.  which  are  remaikable  for 
their  fteep,  broken,  rocky  (ides,  and  roman- 
tic fhapes;  and  are  in  general  one  m.afs  of 
that  kind  of  ffone  which  produces  the  beau- 
tiful blue  flate,  {o  m.uch  and  fo  defervedly 
efteemed  for  covering  the  roofs  of  hcufes. 
They  are  dcititute  of  coal,  lime,  or  any 
metallic  ores;  but  in  feme  raeaflire  repay 
this  defeft,  by  affording  flich  valuable  flates, 
and  producing  that  lingular  mineral  luh- 
Ifance,  black  lead,  which  is  found  near 
Ktfwick  in  this  county,  and  it  is  faid,  no 
whcreelle  in  thefouthern  partof the  kingdom. 
The  mountainous  diilridts  contain  343,000 
acres;  improveable  common,  150,000;  old 
inclofures,  470,000;  lakes  and  waters  8oco; 
total  quantity  of  acres  in  the  whole  county, 
970,000.  In  a  county  like  Cumberland,  en- 
joying i'uch  an  extent  of  fea-coaff,  and 
where  fo  large  a  portion  is  occupied  by 
mountains,  and  thofe  reckoned  amongff  the 
higheff  in  the  kingdom,  the  climate  muft 
be  various.  Along  ,ihe  coaft,  and  for  a  con- 
fiderable  waA;  up  the  livers,  the  fnow  feldoni 
continues  above  twenty-four  hours;  but 
upon  the  mountains  the  fnow  will  lie  un- 
melted  for  fix  or  eight  months;  of  courfe 
the  lower  parts  of  the  county  are  mild  and 
temperate,  while  on  the  higher  grounds, 
and  upon  the  mountains  and  their  vicinity, 
the  air  is  cold  and  piercing.  But  the  whole 
is  healthy,  though  fubjcft  to  great  and  fre- 
quent i""alls  of  Klin,  particularly  in  the  au- 
tunm,  which  makes  their  harvcfts  very  pre- 
carious and  expeniive.    The  foil  is  various  j 


CUM 

fertile,  rich,  ftrong  loams  occupy  but  a 
linall  portion  of  this  county  ;  dry  loams, 
including  the>  various  degrees  from  the  rich 
brown  loam  to  the  light  fandyfoils,  are  found 
in  a  greater  proportion  than  any  other;  and 
peat  earth  is  more  prevalent  on  the  moun- 
tainous dilfricls,  particularly  thofc  adjoining 
to  Northumberland  and  Durham;  it  is  alfo 
found  on  moors  or  commons  in  the  lower 
parts  ot  the  county.  A  little  below  Citrlifle, 
v.'as  the  famous  Pifls'  wall,  built  in  the  year 
121,  by  the  emperor  Adrian,  acrofs  the 
iiland,  from  the  German  ocean  to  the  Irifii 
fea;  about  loo  miles  in  length,  eiglit  feet 
wide,  and  tv/elve  feet  high,  to  prevent  the 
incur'ions  of  the  Picts  and  Scot?.  The 
principal  produdtions  of  Cumberland  are 
black  lead,  coals,  copper  ore,  lapis  calami- 
naris,  and  fkimon.  Cumberland  contains 
one  city,  andiifteen  towns,  viz.  Carlifie,  the 
city;  Aldfton,  Brampton,  Cockcrmouth, 
Egremont,Heflcet,Newmarket,Holm,Ircby, 
Kefwick,  Kirkofwald,  Longtown,  Penrith, 
Ravenglafs,  Whitehaven,  Wigton,  and 
V>'orkington.  The  principal  river  is  the 
Eden.  It  fends  iix  members  to  parliament, 
viz.  two  for  the  county,  two  for  Carlille, 
and  two  for  Cockermouth.  In  1801,  the 
number  of  inhabitants  v/as  117,230;  of  whom 
i8,;,87  were  employed  in  trade  and  manu- 
fafcures,  and  2i,c6?.  in  agriculture. 

Cumberland,  a  county  of  United.  America, 
in  the  flate  of  Nev/  Jerfey. 

Cuviherlandi  a  tov/n  of  America,  in  the 
flate  of  Virginia.     20  miles  \V.  Richmond. 

Cumherlandi  a  town  of  Virginia.  28  m. 
E.  Richmond. 

Ciuiiherland,  a  town  of  Xorth-Carolina. 
7  miles  NNE.  Eayetteville. 

CumherLiiid,  a  town  of  United  America, 
in  the  flate  of  Rhode  ifland. 

Ciaiiberland  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  v/ell  coaft 
of  the  idand  of  St.  Vincent.  Lo'^.  61. 18. 
W.Lat.  1.5.  12.  N. 

Cumberland  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  north-eail 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Juan  Fernandez.  Lat. 
33-  40.  S. 

Cumberland  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  northern 
part  of  North-America.  Long.  65.  so.  W. 
Lat.  66.  42.  N. 

Cumberland  Bay,  a  large  b,iy  on  the 
riorth-eail  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Georgia. 
Long.  :^b.  :^S'  W.  Lat.  54.  16.  S. 

Ciimberimd  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  north-eaft 
coaft  of  Kerguelen's  land,  between  Cape 
Cumberland,  and  Point  Pringle. 

Cumberland  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of 
America,  north  of 'Cumberland  ifland. 

Cu-mberland  Forti   fee  Fort  Cumberland. 

Cumberland  Harbour,  a  bay  on  SE.  coaft 
of  Cuba.   Long.  76.  50.  W.  Lat.ic  2.0.  N. 

Cumberland  Houfe,  afettlement  of  Nortli- 
America,  near  the  Pine-Ifland  lake.  Long. 
IC2.  13.  Vv\  Lat.  ^i-  i6.  N. 


CUM 

Cumherhml  JjLuid,  an  ifland  In  the  At- 
lantic, about  twenty  milvs  in  circumference, 
near  the  coaft  of  Georgia,  /-.v,;  ■■.  81.  4-.,. 
W.  Zr//.  31.  N.  o  ^ 

Cr/mberLind  JjLind,  an  ifland  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean.  Long.  140.  36.  W.  Lat.  10. 
18.  S.  * 

Curnberland  IJlands,  aclufter  of  iflands 
near  the  north-eaft  coaft  of  New  Holland. 
Long.  148.  32.  E.  Lai.  20.  36.  S. 

Cumberland  Mountains,  mountains  of 
United  America,  wiiieh  crofs  the  Tenaflce 
government,  and  join  the  Allegany,  in  the 
Itatcof  Virginia. 

CuwherLuid  River,  a  river  of  North- 
America,  which  rifes  in  the  mountains  called 
Cumbcrla.id  Mountains,  at  the  weftern  bor- 
ders of  Virginia,  and  runs  into  the  Ohio, 
Long.  89.  W.  Lat.  36.  47.  N. 

Cuiubtrland  Strait,  a  ftrait  in  the  Nortll 
Sea,  weft  of  Davis's  Strait,  beginning  Long. 
65.  30.  W.  Lat.  63.  :,s.  N. 

Cumbermere,  mown  of  Ilindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Sirov;y.     37  miles  S.  Sirowy. 

Cmnbinatna,  a  town  of  South-America, 
in  the  province  of  Quito.     40  m.  NK.  Jaen. 

Cumbray  {Little,)  a  Imall  ifland  of  Scot- 
land, with  a  light  houfe,  about  half  a  mile 
S.  from  Great  Cumbray.  Long,  4.  43.  W. 
Lat.  s!,.  47.  N. 

Cumbray,  {Mickle,  or  Great,)  an  ifland 
of  Scotland,  about  fix  miles  in  circumfe- 
rence, at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Clyde,  be- 
tween the  ifle  of  Bute  and  the  county  of  Ayr. 
Long.  4.  42.  W.  Lat.  ^^.  48. 

Cv.meldroog,  fee  Calarumconda. 

Cumendo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Serio.    6  miles  NE.  Bergamo. 

Cuinercolly,  a  town  of  Bengal.  32  miles 
NW.  Burdwan. 

Cumiana,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Po.  5  miles  N.  Pincrolo, 
12  SW.  Turini 

Curnicrcs,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Marne;  ce'cbrated  for  its 
wines.     3  miles  NW.  Epernay. 

Cuminpiily,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  jjie 
circar  of  Ellore.     10  miles  Nii!.  Ellore. 

Cu7nlapour,  a  town  of  Ilir.looftan,  in 
Vifiapour.     15  miles  SE.  Cuncr. 

Cuml^.f-:,  a  town  of  Brandenburg,  in  the 
mark  or  Piignitz,  on  the  Elbe.  5  miles 
NW.  Wittenbergc. 

Cummerfee,  a  town  of  tlv  dutchy  of 
Mecklenburg.     7  miles  S.  Gnoien. 

Curnmoo,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  cf  Bickaneer.     15  m.  S.  Bickanccr. 

Cu7U':0ck,  Nt-'w,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in 
Argylefbire,  with  11 12  inhabitants.  In  the 
parim  is  a  lead  mine,  with  limeftonc,  free- 
ftone,  and  coal.     17  miles  ESE.  Ayr. 

Cumnock,  Old,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in 
Ayrfliire,  viih  mines  of  Icid  and  coA,  and 
quarries  of  linicftune  and  frttftpne.     la 


C  U  N 

iSoi,  !t  cofitained  1798  inh,ib;tants.  15 
Eiiles  ESE.  Ayr. 

CumOi  a  t.'wn  of  Sweden,  in  North  Fin- 
larid,  on  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  v/hich 
runs  into  the  gulf  of  Bothnia.  24  miles  SE, 
Biomeborg. 

Cu-mray,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bun- 
dekund.     I5  miles  SE.  Pannah. 

Cu7npa!u:7go,  a  town  of  Walachia.  56 
miles  NNW.  Buchareft. 

Cu.mjhojhaHu' s  Sound.,  a  bay  on  the  eaft  coaft 
of  Queen  Ch;:rlotte's  ifland,  in  the  North 
P?.cifc Ocean.  Long  x-i^z.YJ .Lat.K,2,.\o.^. 

Cuna,  a  town  of  Upper  Liifatia.  4  miles 
£.  Gorlitz. 

Cutiniter,  a  ^own  of  Hindooftan,  in  Tra- 
■vancore.     2 ;  miles  N.  Trav.-=ncore. 

Cnnda^rfe^  a  town  of  Bengal.  6  miles 
S.  Burdwlm. 

Cunda?nahu!!y,  a  town  of  Kindoof-an,  in 
Myiore.     50  miles  NW.  Seringapatam. 

C undaviungulum,  a  town  of  Hindooftan, 
in  the  Carnatic.     20  miles  NNE.Tanjcre. 

Cundapour,  iee  Coondapour. 

Cundera,  a  town  of  Rmdooftan,  in  Vifi- 
■spoiu'.    30  miles  \7.  Poonah. 

CiPidl,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  Zaire, 
opponte  Congo.  . 

Cimdigurry,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Mvfore.     20  miles  SW.  Periapatam. 

Cimdola,  a  town  of  Guzerat.  48  miles 
NE.  Junagiir. 

Cup.drJe,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar, 
on  the  Soane.     11  miles  S.  Arrah. 

Ciwdoor,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Condapilly.     8  m.  NE.  Condapilly. 

Cundivagv.nge,  a  town  of  Hindcciiian,  in 
Bundelcund.  icm..  SE.Chatterpour.  Long. 
80.  7.  E.  Lat.zA,.  53.  N. 

Ciuuhvah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bun- 
delcund.    15  miles  SE.  Chatterpour. 

Cund'vjah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  13  miles 
W.  Purneah. 

Cimdyeurn,  a  town  of  Bengal.  62  miles 
NNE.  Dacca. 

Cuneges,■^.\.c\}r^  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  theDo!  dogne.  7  m.SSW.  Bergerac. 

Cunrni,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  rifes  in 
Beraba,  and  afterwards  changes  its  name  to 
Bembarougne. 

Cu<:g,  Ice  Kunk. 

Ctmgevt'lly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
Carnatic.     17  miles  N.Terriore- 

Ciaig-Tvar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Sumbul.     15  miles  W.  Sumbul. 

Cunitlana,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince ofGuaxaca.     15  miles  W.  Guaxaca. 

CtaihoSi  a  jurifdicSion  of  Peru,  on  the 
Mar^gnon.    300  miles  NNE.  Lima. 

Cmiihatt^  atown  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Puy  de  Dome.  9  m.  NNW.  Amhert. 

CunnatacuddoQ,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Coiir.betore.     9  miles  SE.  Coimbctorc. 

Cunnerfdorf,  ice  Kimacrfdorf, 


C  U  Q 

Cunningham,  a  diftricft  of  Scotland,  in  the 
county  of  Ayr.     ' 

Ciuvoor,  a  river  of  Wales,  which  runs  into 
the  Tave,  in  the  county  of  Glamorgan. 

CimuguathOxCimugnales,  oxNiieva  Villa 
Rica,  a  town  of  South-America,  in  the  go- 
vernmient  of  Buenos  Ayres,  and  province  of 
Paraguay, 

Cuny,  a  fmall  ifland  of  Ireland,  in  Sligo 
Bay.     5  miles  W.  SJigo. 

C'.iolagb  Bay,  a  bay  of  Ireland,  on  the 
fouth-v\-eft  coaii  of  the  county  of  Cork,  at 
the  fouth  fide  of  the  entrance  into  Kenmare 
river.  Long.  9.  53.  W.  Lat.  51.  38.  N. 

Cuomi,  a  town  of  China,  of  the  third  rank, 
in  :he  province  of  Chang-Tong.  15  miles 
NW.  Eiao. 

Cupar,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in  Fifefnire.  It 
is  the  county  town,  and  united  with  Perth, 
Dundee,  Forfar,  and  St.  Andrew's,  fends  one 
member  to  parliament.  The  government 
is  vefted  in  a  provoft,  three  bailies,  and  a 
dean  of  guild.  It  is  a  neat  well-built  town, 
with  paved  ftreets,  fituated  on  the  north. 
bank  of  tlie  river  Eden,  where  it  is  joined 
by  a  fmall  ftream,  called  St.  Mary.  The 
ancient  church  of  the  parifh  ftood  formerly 
at  a  confiderable  diitance  from  the  town; 
hut  having  become  ruinous,  the  old  building 
was  taken  dt)wn,  and  a  new  church  ercdfed 
in  1785.  At  the  end  of  the  town  is  a  large 
room  for  county  bulinefs,  occafionally  ufed 
for  alfemblies;  and  at  the  other  end  is  a 
prifon.  Here  are  manufadures  of  coarfe 
linens,  buckran:s,  ofnaburghs,  lileflas,  flieet- 
ingSj  &c.  tv/o  tanneries,  and  a  bleach-iield. 
The  number  of  inhabitants  is  about  3150. 
15  miles  SE.  Perth,  23  N.  Edinburgh.  Long. 
3.  I.  W.  Lai.  56.  18.  N. 

Citpar,  a  tov/n  of  Scotland,  in  the  county 
of  Angus,  near  the  Tay,  on  the  borders  of 
PerthHure.  This  town  contains  about  2000 
inhabitants,  fome  of  which  are  employed  in 
the  linen  manufacflure  ;  and  a  large  tannery. 
The  ftreets  are  paved  and  lighted  with  lamps. 
Near  it  are  the  marks  of  a  fquare  camp» 
formed  by  Agricola;  on  the  centre  of  which 
Malcolm  IV.  founded  a  Cifterrian  monaftery. 
13  m.  SW.  Forfar,  12  NNE.  Perth.  Lojig. 
3.  14.  W.  Lat.  56.  3.V  N. 

Cupca,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Moldavia.  som.N.Suczava,  icoNW.Jaffy. 

Cuperiino,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Otranto.     6  miles  NE.  Nardo. 

Cuplnova,  a  town  of  Servia,  on  the  river 
Save.     16  miles  SSW.  Belgrade. 

Cupola,  a  frnall  round  ifland,  in  the  Mer- 
gui  Archipelago. 

Cupertdeh,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  La- 
hore.    14  miles  S.  Jallinder. 

Cuppls,  a  town  of  Sweden,  in  the  province 
of  Finniand. 

Cuq,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  the  Tarn,    xj  miles  NE.Cafties. 


CUR 

Cuqy  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  tlie  Lot  and  Garonne.     8  m.  SE.  Agen. 

Curacao,  an  iiland  in  the  dribbean  lea, 
about  75  miles  from  the  continent  of  South- 
America,  and  60  miles  in  circumference,  be- 
longing to  the  Dutch,  with  a  good  port  on 
the  Ibutherncoaii, called  Sf.  Barljin-a,  where 
a  great  trade  was  formerly  carried  on  by  the 
Dutch  in  African  flaves,  which  they  Ibid  to 
the  Spaniards  of  Carthagena,  Portobello, 
and  other  towns  on  the  continent  of  Ame- 
rica. Here  are  fome  fugar-works  erec^ted, 
which,  with  fkins,  form  the  piincipal  articles 
of  its  commerce,  except  fmuggling  with  the 
Spaniards.  In  1806,  and  in  1806,  this  ifland 
was  taken  by  the  Britiili.  Long.  69.  26.  W. 
Lat.  12.  N. 

Curan,  a  town  on  the  eaft  coafl:  of  Borneo. 
Long.  117.  30.  E.  Laf.  1.57.  N. ' 

Curaray,  a  river  of  South-America,  which 
runs  into  the  river  of  the  Amazons. 

Curatuck  Creek,  a  river  of  North-Carolina, 
v/hich  runs  into  the  Pamlico  Sound,  Long. 
76.  ^^.  W,  Lat.  2,^.  26.  N. 

Carba,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Adriatic. 
Long.  15.  24.  E.  Lat.  44    13.  N. 

Curchi,  A  town  of  Hindooilan,  in  B.thar. 
S5  miles  NE.  Maifery. 

Curco,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Cara- 
mania.     35  miles  SW.  Tarfus. 

Ciircumbaury.,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
the  Carnatic.    23  miles  Bomrauzepollam. 

Curcimda,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Goi- 
conda.     8  miles  SW.  Culloor. 

Curcufon,  a  town  of  Little  Bukharia.  45 
miles  SW.  Acfu. 

Curdijlan,  a  country  of  Afia,  inhabited  by 
the  Curds,  part  of  it  lying  in  Armenia,  and 
part  in  Perfia.  The  Curds  are  fuppofedto 
be  defcendants  from  the  ancient  Chaldeans : 
they  live  chiefly  on  plunder,  and  are  not 
fubjecl  either  to  theTurks  or  Perlians :  they 
have  great  numbers  of  cattle,  which  they 
drive  with  them,  and  are  often  fhifting  places 
in  fearch  of  new  paffure.  There  are  feveral 
cities  or  towns  in  Curdiftan. 

Cure,  a  river  of  France,  which  runs  into 
the  Yonne  a  little  above  Cravant. 

Curee,  a  town  of  liindooltan,  in  B^har. 
10  miles  E.  Saferam. 

Curel,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Mnne.    3  m.  N.  Joinville.^ 

Curd.iifjs,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coaft  of 
Fiores  ifland.   Long.\^\.i,'^.'^.  Lat.S. ';t,.S. 

Curematay,  a  river  of  Bralil,  which  runs 
Lno  the  Atlantic,  Lat.  6.  20.  S. 

Curemonte,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  de- 
partment of  the  Correzc.    13  m.  SE.  Brive. 

Curen,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
of  Barca,  anciently  called  Cyrenc  by  a  co- 
lony of  Greeks,  who  fettled  here  from  the 
ifland  of  Thera.  It  afterwards,  together  with 
ks  territory,  became  fubjedt  to  Eg^  pt.  Long. 
S.I.  ao.  E.  Lai.  3a.  40.  N. 


CUR 

Curenah, ^\.o\yr\  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
I5  miles  S.  Balian 

Curgic,  a  village  of  Scotland. with  a  finall 
harbour,  on  coaft  of  the  county  of  Wigton, 
in  Luce  Bav.    3  m.  N  Mull  of  Gallow.iv. 

Curgvii^,  A  tovv-n  of  Bengal.  4?  miJes 
SE.  M(^or(h.:dabad. 

Curia  Aliiria,  a  bay  on  the  fo'.ith-cafl: 
coaft  of  An  b'a,  40  miles  lung  and  if,  broad, 
containing  feveral  iflands.  It  is  a  li;>rbour 
not  much  frequented,  except  by  vJlL'ls  tra- 
ding between  the  Red  fea  and  the  gulf  of 
Pcrlia,  which  call  for  provillons  and  frcfli 
water.     Z-cw^.jj.E.  Lat.  17.  4^.  N. 

Curlato  Bay,  a  bay  or  gulf  on  the  ro.ifl 
of  South- America.  Long.  j^^.  n.  W.  /..//. 
10.  7.  N. 

Curigliatto,  a  town  of  Naples,  ^n  Calabria 
Citra,  on  a  river  of  thj  fame  name.  6  m. 
W.  RofTano. 

Ciirigliano,  a  river  of  Naples,  which  runs 
intothe  gulf  of  Tarento,  .;  m.  NE.Curigliano. 

Cnriguara,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  thcdiocefc 
of  La  Paz.     70  miles  SW.  La  Paz. 

Curimon,  a  town  of  Chili.  70  miles  NE. 
Valparayfo. 

Curio,  a  town  of  Afiatic  Turkey,  in  Cara- 
mania.     i^  miles  E.Seltefkeh. 

Curif:h  Haff,  or  the  Culfof  C'urhvd,  a 
lake  or  gulf  of  Prullia,  along-fidc  of  the 
Baltic,  from  which  it  is  feparatcd  by  the 
C'jrifch  Nerung,  CKtending  from  Menicl  to 
Labl.nv,  about  60  miles.  The  breadth  is  very 
unequal,  being  wide  to  the  fouth,  and  naiTow 
towards  the  north. 

Curifcb  Ksrip'.'r^  a  tong-je  of  land,  fepa-^ 
rating  the  Curifch  Hajf  from  the  Baicic. 

Curle-v  Mou::tains, mountains cf  Ireland, 
in  the  county  of  Sligo.     17  miles  S.  Sligo. 

Curilgnano,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  thepro- 
vince  of  Oran'o.     8  miles  W.  Otran'o. 

Curraghoe  Mountain f,  mountains  of  Ire- 
land, in  t'le  county  of  Tyrone.  15  miles 
SW.  Strabane. 

Curruckpour,  a  town  of  BengJ.  4  miles 
S.  Midnapour. 

Currah,  a  circar  of  MindooOan,  in  Alla- 
habad, bounded  on  the  north  and  mrtli-eall 
by  the  Ganges,  which  n.'parates  it  from  ths 
circar  of  Manickpour,  on  the  l'>uth-eaf>  bv 
the  circar  of  Allahabad,  on  the  Pjuth-weli 
bv  the  Jiimnah,  and  on  the  weft  by  the 
Corah.    Currah  is  the  "-apital. 

Currab,  atown  of  Flindoofbin,  and  capital 
of  a  circar  in  Allah. ibad,  on  the  (ia«  :;ft.  jo 
miles N W.Allahabad, 7oS.Luckno\n.  Lons:. 
2,1.  36. E.  Lat.  25.  4/.  N. 

Ctirra/y,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
20  miles  W.  A'lahabad. 

Curranpour,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  I'a 
Bahar.     33  miles  WSW.  Arrah. 

Citrra-'x',  atown  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bihar, 
30  miles  S.  Arrah. 

Current  IJlandy  a  fiuull  iftar.d  in  the  Pa- 


CUR 

cific  Ocean,  fcarcely  bigger  than  a'rock,  feen 
by  Capt.  Carteret  in  1767.  Long.  134.3' 
-E.  Lat.  4.  40.  N. 

Currer,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
country  of  Vinapour.  60  m.  W.  Vifiapour, 
aa  SSE.  Sattarah.  Long.  74.  36.  E.  Lat. 
37.  a8.  N.    _• 

Carr/V,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Edinburgh- 
fhire,  on  the  Leith.  Here  is  an  old  calile, 
called  Lennox  Tower,  occafionally  the  reli- 
dence  of  Mary  queen  of  Scots,  "  when  love 
was  young,  and  Darnley  kind."  About  a 
mile  from  it  is  the  romantic  glen,  where  the 
fcene  of  Ramfay's  Gentle  Shepherd  was  laid. 
4  miles  SW.  Edinburgh. 

C?n-ri/wr;j,  a  province  of  Bengal,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Rangamatty,  on  the  eail  by 
Aflam,  on  the  fouth  by  Dacca,  and  on  the 
■weft  by  Patladah  and  Baha;  bund  ;  about  40 
liiiles  long,  and  20  broad.  It  is  mountainous 
and  woody. 

Curr'ingur,  a  town  of  Bengal.  4  miles 
IN.  Midnapour. 

6«r/7w^z^;;^^,  a  town  of  Bengal.  35  miles 
SW.  Silhet. 

Currituck,  a  town  of  North-Carolina,  on 
the  fea  coaft.  25  m.NE.  Hertford.  Long. 
76.  14.  W.  Z^/.  36.  28.  N. 

Curritvxk,  an  illand  in  the  Atlantic,  near 
the  coaft  of  North-Carolina;  about  30  miles 
long,  and  2  broad.  Long.  75.  58.  W.  Lat. 
36.  10.  N. 

Currituclilnleti  a  narrov/ channel  between 
^  Currituck  and  another  fmall  ifland.  Long. 
76.  2.  W.  Lat.  36.  13.  N. 

Currituck  Inlet,  (Neiv,')  ?.  narrow  channel 
between  two  fmall  iflands,  on  the  co;.ft  of 
North-Carolina.  Long.  76.  i.  W.  Lat. 
36'.  24-  N. 

Curro,  a -town  of  Hindooftan.  45  miles 
NW.  Poonah. 

Curron,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
26  miles  WNW.  Arrah. 

Currovjly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bag- 
lana.     25  miles  S.  Damaun. 

Curruagee,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Ea- 
har.     27  miles  W.  Arrah. 

Curruah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Sohagepour.  lom.N.  Sohagepour. 

Ciirruckdeah,  a  circar  of  Bengal,  bound- 
ed on  the  north-eaft  by  Ghidore,  on  the  caft 
by  Birboom,  on  the  fouth  by  Pachete,  and 
on  the  fouth-weft  by  Ramgur;  5omiles.lorig, 
and  25  broad.     Curruckdeah  is  the  capital. 

Curruckdeak,  a  town  of  Bengal,  and  ca- 
pital of  a  circar  of  the  fame  name.  16a 
miles  NW.  Calcutta,  85  SE.  Patna.  Lo7!g. 
^6.  20.  E.  Lat.  24.  25.  N. 

Curruckpour,  a  circar  of  Bengal,  bound- 
ed on  the  north-eaft  by  Boglipour,  on  the 
fouth-eaft  by  Hendooa,  on  the  fouth-weft  by 
Ghidore,  and  on  the  weft  and  north-well 
by  Bahar;  about  ss  miles  long, and  a6  broad. 
Curruckpour  is  the  capital. 


CUR 

_  Curruckpour,  a  town  of  Bengal,  and  ca- 
pital of  a  circar  of  the  fame  name,  fituated 
in  a  mountainous  diftri6t.  180  miles  NN"W. 
Calcutta,  78  ENE.  Patna.  Long.  86.  43.  E. 
Z,^/.  25.7.N. 

Currumfally,  a.  river  of  Hindooftan,  which 
runs  into  the  bay  of  Bengal,  10  miles  below 
Ifiamabad. 

Ctcrrunipoody,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  In 
the  Palnaud.     15  miles  SE.  Timerycotta. 

Curruvipoiir,  a  town  of  Bengal.  40  miles 
SE.  Naftore. 

Curry,  a  fort  of  Hindooftan,  In  Bahar, 
21  miles  S.  Bahar. 

Cv/rrydah,  a  town  of  Bengal.  22  miles 
S.  Dinagepour. 

Curryuluaiir,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  In 
Myfore,     26  miles  S W.  Periapatam. 

Cur  fa,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
23  miles  SW.  Patna. 

Cur/ay,  or  Curzay,  a  town  of  France,  In 
the  department  of  the  Vienne.  13  miles 
SW.  Poitiers. 

Curfo,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the  circar 
of  Sumbulpcur.     12  miles  SW-  Sumbulpour. 

Curtatone,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Mincio.    4  miles  W.  Mantua. 

Curtcha-jid,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  or  Cuddapa.     28  m.  NNE.  Cuddapa. 

Ciirtelly,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  the 
circar  of  Ruttunpour.  10  m.  NW.  Dumdah. 

Curticera,  a.'  town  of  Walachia,  on  the. 
Alaut.     16  miles  N.  Brancovanl. 

Curuan,  a  town  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  the 
ifland 'of  Mindanao.  Long.  122.  25.  E. 
Lat.  6,  52.  N. 

Curuan,  or  ^larlana,  a  range  of  fmal! 
iflands  in  the  Atlantic,  near  the  coaft  of 
Brafll,  north  of  the  river  of  the  Amazons. 
Lat.  o.  50.  N. 

Curvat,  a  town  of  France,  In  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Tarn.     12  miles  E.  Alby. 

Curunir,  a  town  of  South-America,  In  the 
province  of  Popayan.  30  miles  NW.  Santa 
Fc  de  Antioquia. 

Ckurupa,  a  town  of  Brafil,  fituated  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  the  river  of  the  Amazons,  built 
by  the  Dutch;  now  in  poflelTion  of  thePor- 
tuguefe,  60  miles  E.  Para.  Long.  S3-  ic. 
Vi.  Lat.  I.  24.  S. 

Curupu-ttd'a,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs 
Into  the  Amazons  river  at  Curupa. 

Cururui,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs  Into 
the  Atlantic,  Lat.  ix.  30.  S. 

Curuniy,  a  river  of  Brafil,  which  runs  Into 
tlie  Parana. 

Curi:)an,  a  town  of  Guzerat.  24  miles 
NE.  Baroach. 

Curavar,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  In  Oude. 
2,S  miles  SSE.  Pilllbeat. 

Curya,  a  town  of  Oude.  30  miles  E. 
MaHomdy. 

Curygong,  a  town  of  Bengal.  18  piles 
E.  Rungpour. 


c  u  s 

CtirzelonUjTi  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Cracow.     53  miles  N.  Cracow. 

Ciirzola,  or  Corzla,  or  Corcyr.7,  a  fmall 
ifland  of  D.ilmatia,  in  the  gulf  of  Venice, 
ceded  by  Ragufa  to  theVenetians  in  the  year 
1386.  it  abounds  in  wood,  which  makes 
the  htuation  convenient  for  building  !hips; 
and  produces  good  wine.  It  contains  one 
city»  and  fcveral  villages.  30  miles  long,  and 
8  broad.     Lo/!g.  17.  6.E.  La.\  43.  17.  N. 

Curzola,  a  town  at  the  eail  end  of  the 
ifland  io  called,  the  fee  of  a  bilhop.and  rc- 
fidence  of  a  governor.  It  is  fortified  with 
ftrong  walls  and  towers,  and  has  a  good 
harbour.  The  Turks  attempted  to  make  a 
defcent  here  in  the  year  1507,  but  were  rc- 
pulfed  by  the  women,  after  the  men  had  fled 
into  the  country  through  fear. 

Curzo/ariy  an  ifland,  or  rather  five  fmall 
iflands,  which  are  little  more  than  rocks,  in 
the  Mediterranean,  near  the  coaft  of  Greece, 
anciently  called  Echince  Infuls,  and  Echi- 
nades.  iz  miles  E.  Cephalonia.  Lof:g.2i. 
18.  E.  Lat.  38.  3'i-N. 

Cujlvia,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  21 
miles  SVV.Udina,  28  W.  Palma  la  Nuova. 

Cufam,  a  town  of  Naples,  in  Lavora.  22 
miles  NE.  Capua. 

Citfawatii,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  Georgia. 
95  miles  W.  Tugcrioo. 

Ciifco,  a  citv  of  Peru,  and  fee  of  a  bifhop, 
in  the  viceroyalty  of  Buenos  Ayres;  tlie  moft 
ancient,  grand,  and  magnificent  of  the  coun- 
try; built  by  the  Inoas,  on  the  fide  of  fcveral 
hills.  At  firif  it  was  peopled  by  Indians  in 
cabins  rather  than  houfes :  as  the  empire 
extended,  tlie  houfes  multiplied,  and  became 
more  elegant.  In  the  centre  was  a  large 
level  place,  from  which  four  grand  ftreers 
divided.  Each  province  of  the  empire  had 
jts  peculiar  quarter,  in  which  they  muff:  rcfide 
during  life,  without  the  liberty  of  changwig. 
They  niiglit  prefen-e  their  ancient  cuRoms  ; 
but  weie  all  compelled  to  worihip  the  fun 
in  a  iumptuous  temple,  whofe  walls  were 
incrufled  with  gold  and  filver,  and  adorned 
with  different  figures  and  idolsof  thevarious 
rations  fubdued  by  the  Incas.  On  a  hill 
towards  the  north  are  yet  feen  the  ruins  of 
a  fortrefs  built  by  the  Incas,  which  had  a 
communication,  by  means  of  fubterraneous 
paflages,  with  three  forts  built  in  the  walls 
of  Culco.  The  wall  was  of  an  extraordinary 
height,  and  built  of  If  one  with  an  aftonilhing 
neatncfs.  The  Spaniards  found  the  houfes 
built  with  ftone  ;  and  amongff  them  a  gie;'t 
number  of  palaces,  whofe  principal  orna- 
ments  were  of  gold  and  filver,  which  glit- 
tered on  the  walls.  All  the  defccndants  of 
the  Incas  refided  in  a  particular  quarter. 
Cufco  is  at  prcicRt  a  large  city  the  houles 
are  built  oi  itone,  and  covered  with  red  tiles ; 
the  apartments  are  well  diilributed;  the 
mouldings  oi  the  doori  iic  gilt,  and  the 
Vol.  1,  ^  ^ 


C    U  S 

furniture  not  lefs  magnificent.  The  cr.thc- 
dral  church  ii  large,  all  of  ftone,  and  nf  an 
elegant  and  noble  architeeflurc.  There  are 
nine  p;;nlh  cliurcbes,  and  fevera!  convents 
and  hofpitals.  The  government  is  in  the 
hands  of  a  corrcgidor,  who  has  a  council  of 
regidors  elected  among  the  nobi:s  of  tlic 
town;  and  tVom  thcfe  are  cliofen  th.-  alcHiles. 
The  bi(h:;p  has  an  income  of  about  4ccol. 
a  year:  the  chapter  is  conipoled  of  five 
dignitaries,  four  canons,  and  four  officers. 
Cufco  conrains  about  12,000  Indians,  300a 
or  4000  Spaniards,  and  a  great  numbr  of 
flaTCs.  The  diocefe  is  divided  into  fourteen 
juriidi^?lions,  three  of  which  belong  to  tlie 
viceroyaltv  of  Buenos  Ayres,  and  eleven  to 
Peru,  in  the  audience  of  Lima.  The  jurif- 
diiffion  of  Culco  CKtcnds  about  nine  or  twelve 
miles  from  the  walls.  Tlie  air  is  temperate, 
but  cold  on  the  hills.  The  country  is  f.-riib 
in  grain  and  fruit,  and  well  wateitd  by  the 
rivers  Apurimak  and  Yiikai.  Long.  72.36. 
W.   Lat.  13.  30.  S. 

Cufe,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  tlie  Doubs.    9  miles  N.  Baume. 

Cufsufar.,  a  town  of  Perfia,  in  Farflllan. 
75  miles  S.  Ifpahan. 

Cujhanccllamt  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Maraw.ir.     20  miles  SW.  Ramanagur. 

Cujheeny,  a  river  of  Ireland,  which  run* 
into  the  Lilde  Barrow,  7  miles  ENE.  Por- 
tarlington. 

Cujhcndon  Bay,  a  fmall  bay  of  Ireland, 
on  the  ealt  coaft  of  the  county  of  Antrim. 
Long.  S-5Z'  'VV'.  Lat.  55.  7.  N. 

Cuf?/!ov:,  a  town  of  Bengal.  20  miles 
SSE.  Curruckpour. 

Ctijac,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Vienne.  7  miles  SW. 
St.  Flour. 

Ci'Jfaufcf,  a  town  of  Bengal.  30  miles 
NW.  Puincah. 

Cujfiitic,  a  town  of  the  ftate  of  Georgia. 
12  miles  W.  Tugeloo. 

Cnffct,  a  town  of  France,  and  principal 
place  of  a  diitriet,  in  the  department  of  the 
AlHer,  on  a  fmall  river,  which  foon  after 
joins  the  Allier.  It  contains  abou:  3CC0  in- 
habitants. 27  miles  S.Moulins,  24 SE.  Mont- 
mirault.  Long.  3.  32.  E.  Lat.  46.  8.  N. 

CulllaKo,  a  town  of  Itily,  in  the  depart- 
ment ofthe  Lower  Po.     6  m.  VV.  Faenza. 

CuPle,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Nile.  15  miles  S.  Alhmunein. 

Cujlee,  a  town  of  Bengil.  45  miles  SE. 
Muorfliedabad. 

C'ljiivc,  or  Cotidc  fur  MofelU.,  a  town  of 
Frai.ce,  in  the  department  of  the  Meurtt, 
on  the  Mofelle.     6  niilcs  NN W.  Nancy. 

Chjl,r,  a  river  of  IIun^:arv,  which  runs 
into  the  Theis  near  its  conflux  \m.1>  the 
Danube. 

Cujl'in,  or  Kujlrtn^  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  the  circle  cf  UrPV"'^5'^'t°°V>^^  New  Mark 


CUT 


C  U  Y 


of  Brandenburg,  on  the  Oder.  The  environs 
aie  r.uifhy,  and  the  road  v/hich  leads  to  the 
circle  of  Lebus  is  a  fortiiied  dike,  with  36 
bridges  in  the  fpace  of  a  league;  the  road 
towards  the  New  Mark  has  feven.  It  is  very 
ftrong  by  art  and  nature,  and  contiiins  ordy 
?tbout  200  houfes  within  tise  v/slls;  but  the 
thice  fau>vbourgs  are  moie  exteniive,  and 
handlbmer  than  the  town.  There  are  four 
churches,  three  magazines,  two  hofpitals, 
&c.  It  was  burned  down  by  the  R.uiri?ns  in 
the  year  1739/Dut  not  taken.  After  the  fire 
it  was  rebuilt  in  a  more  re;?,ular  form.  In  the 
vear  17,8,  this  town  v/as  again  attacked  by 
the  RuHians,  andfuffered  feverely  from  the 
boHibavdn^ent,  being  fet  on  fire  in  feveral 
places,  which,  belides  doing  great  damage 
in  other  refped?,  blew  up  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal magazines.  It  held  out  from  the  15th 
of  Augull  to  the  24th,  when  the  King  of 
PrulTia  advanced  to  its  relief,  and  defeated 
the  enemy  at  Zorndorf.  48  miles  E.  Berlin. 
Long.  14.  48.  E.  Lat.'<,%.  38.  N. 

Ciiich,  a  country  of  Hindooftan,  bounded 
on  the  north  by  fandy  dcferts,  which  fepa- 
■  rate  it  from  the  country  of  Agimere;  on  the 
eafl  by  Guzerat;  on  the  fouth,  by  an  arm 
of  the  fca.  called  the  GulfofCiitcb;  and  on 
the  weft,  by  Sindy.  The,  principal  towns 
are  Booge-booge  and  Tahej. 

Ciiicka^s!,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  inBahar, 
on  the  Soane.     25  miles  SSW.  Arrah. 

Cutcbnagur,  fee  Noanagnr. 

Cittchnor,  a  town  of  Hindooflan,  in  the 
circar  of  Chanderee.     21  m.ilesN.  Seronge. 

C'dtchuhary,d.  town  ofBootan.     34  miles 
_  Is'W.  Bifnee. 

Cufgurrah,  a  tov/n  of  Hindooflan,  in 
Ruttunpour.     24  miles  NE.  Ruttunpour. 

Ciitkiii,  a  town  of  Kemapon.  70  miles 
NW.  Kerigar. 

Cuthur^-A.  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guzerat. 
45  miles  SSW.  Gogo. 

Cutfoot  Creek,  a  river  of  North-Carolina, 
^vhich  runs  into  the  Nufe,  Long.  76.  58.  W. 
Lat.  34.  57.  N. 

CutlgUano-)  a  town  of  Etruria.  15  miles 
NNW.  Piftoia. 

Ciu!v:rry;  a  tO"."n  of  Ilindooflan,  in  the 
circar  c»t  Boggilcund.  4omilesENE.Re\vah. 

Cuiia'/fiary,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  right 
bankof  the  Ganges.  18  miles  ENE.Moor- 
lliedabad. 

Ciitro,  a  town  of  N.tple?,  in  Calabria 
Ultra. 

Cuttcpefiy,  a  town  of  Hind(Jofc;in,  in 
Mvfsre.  8  miles  NNE.  Coimbetore. 

CutuipoHi-,  a  town  of  KmdooRan,  in  Gu- 
ze.at,  on  the  gulf  olCutch.  50  miles  SSW. 
Gogo. 

Cnttaviungtilimy.,  a  town  of  Hindooflan, 
iri  ihe  Carnatic.  24  miles  S£.  Palamcotta. 

Cutter ii,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Roliil- 
cund.     acmile.-;  SSE.  Bcreilly.    ■ 


Cufteragurra,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Myfbre.     15  miles  SSW.  Amboor. 

Cufterya,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
37  mdes  SW.  Boglipour. 

Ctiftiparah,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
OriiTa.     36  miles  W.  Balafore. 

Cuttoolpour,  a  town  of  Bengal.  14  miles 
E.  BifTunpour. 

Cuttore,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Guzerat, 
on  theTaptce.     10  miles  E.  Surat. 

Cnttree,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in  Bahar. 
10  miles  SE.  Bahar. 

Cuftry,  a  town  of  Bengal.  30  miles  S. 
Purneah. 

Cuttupdeah,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  bay  of 
Bengal,  near  the  coaft.  Long.  92.  7.  E. 
Lat.  21.  49.  N. 

Cutiva,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly. 
30  miles  S.  Coiumbazar. 

Cutivara,  a  fort  of  Hindooftan,  in  Oude. 
n^S  miles  N.  Manickpour.  Long.  81.  33.  E. 
Lat.  26.  20.  N. 

Cutv:arra,  a  town  of  Hindooftan,  in 
Oude.     10  miles  N.  Lucknow. 

Cuty,  or  Nealam,  a  town  of  Thibet.  240 
miles  WSW.  LafTa.  Long.  87.  5.  E.  Lat. 
28.  22.  N. 

Cuvagna,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Friuli.  5 
miles  N.  Udina. 

Cuvci,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Channel.    10  m.  E.  Avranches. 

Cn-eiliy,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Somme.    7  m.  SE.  Montdidier. 

Ciivio,  a  town  of  Italy,  ij  m.  NW.  Como. 

Cuvo,  a  river  of  Africa,  which  runs  into 
the  Atlandc,  Lat.  12.  30.  S. 

Cuxac,  a  tov/n  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Aude.     5  miles  NE.  Narbonne. 

Cuxhaven,  a  feaport  town  of  Germany,  in 
the  dutchy  of  Bremen,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Elbe;  where  veilels  generally  take  in  pilots 
to  go  up  the  river  to  Hamburg,  &c.  Thefe 
pilots  are  privileged,  and  by  their  ftatutes 
are  compelled  always  to  keep  a  yatcht  out 
at  fea  near  the  outermoft  buoy,  with  pilot* 
ready  to  condudt  any  vefTel  which  may  de- 
mand afEftance.  Lo?ig.  8.  37.  E.  Lat, 
53.54.  N.  .      ,      ,.       ^ 

Cuxella,  a  town  of  Peru,  m  the  diocefe 
ofTruxiilo.     50  miles  W.  Chacaporas. 

Cay  a,  or  Zuya,  a  river  of  Spain,  which 
rifes  in  the  mountains  of  La  Mancna,  and 
runs  into  the  Guadiana,  near  Serena,  in  Eftra- 
rnaduia. 

diya,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern  Indian, 
fea,  near  the  north-eaft  coaft  of  the   ifland   ' 
ofBorneo.  /yj;;^.  117.  50.  E.  Z.^?/.  6.  27.  N. 

Cuyabo,  a  river  of  Brafi),  which  runs  into 
the  Paraguay,  Lat.  19.  ic.  S. 

Ct'yck,  a  town  of  Brabant  in  a  fmall  terri- 
tory of  the  fame  name,  of  which  Grave  is 
the  capital..  4  m.  ESE.  Grave,  12  W.Cleves. 

Cuyo,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Eaftern-Indiaa 
fca.  Long.  izi.j.E.  Lat.  lo-  58.N. 


C  Y  P 

Cups,  or  CiiytOf  or  Chiquifo.,  a  province 
of  South-America,  in  the  kingdom  ot'ChUi; 
but  being  (ituated  on  the  eaft  litic  of  the 
Andes,  placed  under  tlie  viceroyalty  of  Bu- 
enos Ayres.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
Tucuman,  on  the  ealt  by  the  province  of 
Cojdova,  and  on  tlie  Ibuth  and  well  by 
ChiH ;  as  far  as  it  is  I<nown,  which  is  but 
little,  it  refenibles  Tucuman  in  climate  and 
produdions.  The  Spaniards  have  leveral 
towns,  thechief  of  which  are  Mendoza  and 
St.  Juan  de  Frontera. 

Cuyofepec,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Tlafcala.  80  miles  SSE.  Puebla 
de  los  Angelos. 

Cnyttco,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Mechoacan.  6  miles  NE.  Zacatula. 

C'.izar,  a  town  of  Grand  Bukharia,  litu- 
ated  on  a  mountain,    zo  miles  S.  Kcih. 

Cazcatlant  fee  St.  SrJ-jaJor. 

Ctizeau,  a  town  of  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Saone  and  Loire.  10  miles  SSE. 
Loutrans. 

Cyabu,  a  river  of  Brali!,  v^fhich  runs  into 
the  Paraguay. 

CycUiL's.  The  ancients  reckoned  fifty- 
three  iflands  in  the  iEgean  fca,  between 
Tenedos  and  Crete,  which  they  compre- 
hended under  two  general  denominations. " 
Thofe  which  form  a  circle  round  Debs,  they 
called  Cy c/atu' J,  fiO'in  the  Greek  word  cychs, 
a  circle.  Thole  at  a  greater  diitance  they 
called  SporaJc's,  from  the  Greek  word  spe/ro, 
to  fpread  or  fcatter.  The  Cyclades,  accord- 
ing to  Strabo,  v/ere  Helena,  Ccos,  Cythnus, 
Seriphus,  Melos,  Siphus,  Cimoli?,  Prepefin- 
thus,  Olearus,  Naxos,  Paros,  Cyrus,  Tenos, 
Myconus,  Andros,  and  "Gyaros.  Mofl  of 
thefe  are  iituated  to  the  fouth  of  Delos,  fo 
that  it  is  not  ftriiftly  in  the  centre. 

Cymry.i.,  a  village  in  North-Wales,  in  the 
county  of  Caernarvon.  To  the  year  878,  a 
battle  was  fought  here  betv\-een  tiic  Saxons 
and  the  Welih,  in  whicli  tiie  latter  were  vic- 
torious,    a  miles  Aberconway. 

Cyparift,  or  Tyres,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  the  Morea.    18  m.  S.  Argo. 

Cyprus,  an  ifland  in  the  Mediterranean 
fea,  belonging  to  Turkey  in  Afia,  iituated 
between  the  coafl  of  Syria  and  that  part  of 
Turkey  at  prefent  called  Caraviantr..  This 
country  was  formerly  known  by  a  great 
many  difFereftt  names.  Pliny  calls  it  Aca- 
maiitis,  Cerajlis,  Afphciia,  Amathijia,  Ma- 
carta,  Cryptos,  and  Cdinia.  In  other  hil- 
torians  it  may  be  found  under  the  denomi- 
nation of  Chi-tlvie,  Eroja,  Papkos,  and 
Salam'is;  and,  in  the  poets,  under  that  of 
Cytherea.  The  latter  made  it  the  birth-place 
of  Venus,  and  the  abode  of  the  Graces. 
This  ifland  contained  formerly  nine  kmg- 
doms,  tributary  to  Egypt,  and  fbon  after  to 
the  Romans.  From  the  emperors  of  the 
weft  it  paiFed  to  thoie  of  the  caft;  b;it  it 


C  V  P 

was  taken  from  them  by  t!ie  Arab<?,  unJcr 
the  reign  of  Heraclius.  Ilaao,  a  p;incc  of 
the  family  of  the  Comenii,  who  governed  \k 
with  the  title  of  d-:kc,  being  ^ix-d  with  am-ji 
bition,  ll;izod  on  the  wliolc'ifland,  and  cfta- 
bllflied  himfelf  fovcreign  of  it.  The  weak- 
ncfs  of  the  empire  tor  a  longtime  favoured 
the  views  of  the  u'lirper;  bi-.t,  in  1191,  Ri- 
chard I.  king  of  England,  deprived  hir.i  of 
it,  together  with  his  life.  B  jng  afterwards 
fold  by  this  nunarch  to  the  Templars, 
difference  of  religion  caufed  the  inhabitants 
to  take  up  arms  againll:  their  new  Ibvc- 
reigns;  and  the  knights,  apprehending  that 
thcv  Ihould  not  be  able  to  keep  peaceable 
polleilion  of  it,  delivered  itbaektu  Richard, 
who  retiounced  it  in  favour  of  Guy  de  Lu- 
lignan.  In  1460,  Charlotte,  the  tail  h.eirefs 
of  the  family,  was  expelled  from  it  by  James, 
her  natural  brother.  She  married  T-ouis  of 
Savoy;  and  on  this  account,  the  dukes  of 
that  country  ftillairume  the  title  of  king  of 
Cyprus.  After  the  death  of  James,  Catha- 
rine Cornaro,  his  widow,  finding  herfelf 
without  male  children,  made  over  this  king- 
dom, in  1480,  to  the  republic  of  Venice. 
Bat  they  did  not  long  enjoy  their  acquifi- 
tion.  The  Turks  rendered  thcmfelves  maf- 
ters  of  it  in  1570,  and  every  thing  concurred 
to  fecure  their  conqueil:.  Ferdinand  I.  of 
Mcdicis,  grand  duke  of  Tufcany,  attempted 
to  take  Cyprus,  and  would  certainly  have 
lucceeded,  lay  the  hill:orians,  had  he  beea 
provided  with  better  generals.  This  beau- 
tiful illand  is  220  miles  in  length,  65  in 
breadth,  and  about  600  in  circumference, 
comprehending  the  gulphs.  A  chdin  of 
mountains,  the  higheft  of  which  are  Olym- 
pus, St.  Croix,  and  Bu.Tavent,  crofs  and 
di\iae  it  from  eafl  to  well.  There  are  few 
river?  or  torrents  here,  the  beds  of  which, 
even  in  winter,  are  not  entirely  dry;  and 
this  is  owir.g  to  the  great  I'carcity  of  rain. 
Tli«1ieavens,  as  one  may  lay,  arc  of  brafs; 
and  hillorians  afiure  us,  that  in  the  reign  of 
Corjftantine,  no  rain  Jell  in  this  ifland  for 
the  I'pace  of  -50  years.  It  may  readily  be 
conceived  hoc  much  injury  a  drought  of  lb 
long  continuance  mu't  do  to  popul^titib. 
There  were  formerly  a  great  number  of 
citie?,  of  which  nothing  at  prefent  remains 
but  the  names,  and  a  few  ruins.  There  are 
fome,  even  fur  the  ancient  iituation  of  which 
it  v.ould  be  in  vain  to  leaich.  FamagulVa 
and  Nicoi'ia  are  the  only  places  of  inipor:- 
ancc;  unleLi  Larnic,  where  the  European 
merchants  iune  their  fdiifory,  may  be  clailed 
in  the  fime  rank.  Befides  tlicfe,  Cvpi .:? 
contains  leven  citadels,  u4iicli  are  comn.md- 
ed  by  the  liime  number  of  governors.  Some 
authors  tell  us,  that  the  air  of  tliis  illand  is 
bad  and  unlicalthy:  Mariii  fays  the  cud- 
trary.  The  greater  part  of  the  inliahituncs 
arc  Greeks.     Bciiics  a  muki;ude  of  Arms- 


C  Y  P 


C  Y  P 


nians,  there  sre  here  a  great  many  Maro- 
nites,  whofe  religious  praftices  and  cere- 
monies are  not  much  different  from  thofe 
of  the  Roman  Catholics.  The  Turks  have 
here  a  mulla,  v,ho  is  in  fome  meafure  the 
chief  of  the  law;  the  Greeks,  an  archbifhop, 
and  three  bifhops;  the  Armenians,  a  bifhop; 
the  Mrironites,  a  high-prieft;  and  the  La- 
tins, two  redtors.  one  for  the  French,  and 
che  other  for  the  Italians.  Religious  tole- 
ration in  this  ifland  is  extended  to  all  na- 
tions. The  Greek  and  Turkifn  languages 
here  equally  prevail;  and  from  this  mixture 
there  refuks  a  corruption  of  the  two  idioms. 
The  Greek,  however,  in  its  words,  has 
prcferved  the  purity  of  the  ancient  dialeft; 
but  the  pronunciation  of  it  has  been  totally 
changed  fince  the  arrival  of  the  Venetians 
in  the  ifland.  Commercial  people  gene- 
rally fpeak  the  Italian  language,  and  very 
few  of  them  the  French.  The  Cypriotsare 
in  general  well  made;  they  are  tidl;  have 
a  noble  and  agreeable  aii ;  and  in  their  man- 
ner of  living  they  are  very  luber  and  tem- 
perate. The  women  have  nothing  beauti- 
ful but  their  eyes.  All  the  Greeks  are  fond 
of  pleafure;  but  the  Cypriots  give  them- 
lelves  up  to  it  with  madnefs:  and  the  viva- 
city of  this  paflion,  inflead  of  being  cooled, 
appears  to  revive  more  and  more  under  the 
rod  of  defpotifm.  The  people  here  clothe 
themfclves  in  the  fame  manner  as  the  inha- 
bitants of  Contfantinople.  When  the  Turks 
conquered  Cyprus,  they  reckoned  in  it,  be- 
fides  women,  childien,andold  people,  70,000 
men  fubjedl  to  capitation.  The  population 
of  Cyprus  has  lb  much  decreafed,  that  the 
inhabitants  fcarcely  amount  to  40,000.  This 
ifland  was  formerly  one  of  the  richcfl  and 
moft  fertile  in  the  world.  It  abounded  >vith 
mines  of  gold,  lilver,  copper,  iron,  marca- 
fite,  rock  allum,  and  even  emeralds;  but  of 
tliefe  ancient  producftions  nothing  now  re- 
mains, except  the  remembrance,  and  the 
names  of  the  places  from  which  they  were 
procured.  The  prefent  government  fetters 
curioiity  in  this  refpecf,  and  forbids  every 
kind  of  refearch.  Some  centuries  ago,  a 
great  quantity  of  oil  was  made  here  ;  but  in 
the  time  of  the  Venetians,  a  fpirit  of  Ipecu- 
lation  aboliflied  that  ufeful  branch,  and  the 
cultivation  of  olives  was  abandoned  for  that 
of  cotton.  Saffron,  rhubarb,  and  other  va- 
luable produdlions  are  at  prefent  totally  ne- 
glected. Deer,  roebucks,  alfcs,  wild  boa;  s, 
and  a  great  number  of  the  moft  beautiful 
phealants,  once  enlivened  the  plains  of  Cy- 
prus :  but  they  are  now  all  deitroyed  :  and 
it  would  fecm  as  if  thefc  animals  hadrefuied 
to  en.bciliili  acountry  which  is  no  longer  tlie 
feat  of  liberty.  The  principal  produiStions 
of  the  ifland  at  prcient  aie  filk,  cotton, 
v>'ooi,  nutmegs,  wines,  turpentine,  kermes, 
opium,  whe;it,  bailey,  coioquintida,  pitch, 


tar,  gla/Twort,  Talt,  St.  John's  bread,  timber 
for  building,  umbre,  and  green  earth.  All 
thefe  productions  form  fo  many  branches  of 
commerce  v^hich  the  ifland  carries  on  with 
Europe.  This  ifland  f)rmerly  was  very 
abundant  in  oil,  and  exported  confiderable 
quantities  of  it  every  year  to  foreign  coun- 
tries ;  but  olives  have  decreafed  fo  much  for 
fome  time  paft,  that  it  is  nov/  found  necef- 
fary  to  import  it.  It  abounded  alfo  with  ju- 
jebs,  from  the  feeds  of  which  the  inhabit- 
ants extracted  a  kind  of  oil.  The  fame 
thing  is  Hill  done  in  Natolia  ;  and  this  oil  is 
one  of  the  mofl  lucrative  branches  of  its 
trade  with  the  coaft  of  Syria.  It  is,  abov# 
all,  exceedingly  ufeful  in  thofe  years  when 
olives  are  fcarce.  Oil  of  glafTwort  was  alio 
a  great  refource,  when  that  of  olives,  or  the 
feeds  of  the  jubeb,  could  not  fupply  enough 
for  the  numerous  inhabitants  of  the  ifland. 
The  foil  here  produces  pulfe,  and  all  kinds 
of  wild  herbs,  a  knowledge  of  which  would 
be  a  valuable acquifition  to  botany;  butthere 
are  few  trees,  and,  confequently,  f;w  fruits. 
Nature,  however,  to  make  up  for  this  lofs, 
has  been  exceedingly  lavifh  in  flowers;  and 
the  mofl  beautiful  and  delicate  plants  of 
Italy,  France,  and  Holland,  m.ay  be  eafily 
nacuralized.  Hyacinths,  ancmonics,  ranun- 
culufes,  and  narcifl'ufi'cs,  both  Angle  and  dou- 
ble, which  require  fo  much  care  in  Europe, 
thrive  even  upon  the  mountains  without  cul- 
tivation, and  render  the  beautiful  plains  of 
this  ifland  like  an  immenfc  parterre.  There 
would  be  even  ftill  more  of  them,  did  not 
the  Cypriots  rob  the  vallies  in  order  to  or- 
nament their  gardens.  Oranges  of  an  ex- 
quiflte  talfc  and  delicious  flavour,  are  very 
common  here.  For  want  of  hands,  great 
part  of  this  ifland  Hill  remains  uncultivated, 
and  produces  nothing  but  thyme,  and  other 
odoriferous  herbs.  In  the  flde  of  a  mountain 
near  Paphos,  thtre  is  a  cavern,  v.hich  pro- 
duces the  molt  beautiful  rock  cryftal :  on 
account  of  its  brilliancy  it  has  been  called 
the  Papkian  dimiioiiJ;  it  is  cut  and  poliihed 
in  the  fame  n-anner  as  other  precious  ftonts; 
people  are  forbidden,  under  the  fevereft  pu- 
nifhment,  to  carry  away  the  Imalkft  bit  of 
it;  and  the  mountain  is  furrounded  with 
guards  ;  but  their  fidelity  is  not  pioof  againll 
the  molt  trifling  prefent.  The  like  prohi- 
bition has  been  made  rcfpeCting  the  itone 
amianthus  or  afbeftos,  of  which  there  is  a 
quarry,  near  the  village  of  Palcandros.  In- 
combuflibie  cicth,  it  is  faid,  has  been  made 
of  it;  and  fire  inftead  of  changing,  incrtafes 
its  whitenefs.  'J'here  are  found  here  alio 
red  jafper,  agates,  and  three  different  kinds 
of  Itone.  The  hifls  neareil  to  Lame  conlift 
whoilyof  talc,  which  fervcs  for  the  compo- 
fiiion  of  that  plafier,  uledin  all  the  houfes  of 
the  country.  No  wild  animals  are  feeii 
here  but  ioxes  and  hares ;  the  oderiferous 


C  Z  A 

herbs  on  which  the  latter  feed,  give  their 
flefh  an  excellent  tafte,  and  a  moft  agreeable 
flavour.  The  moft  common  of  the  winged 
tribe  are  rails,  partridges,  fnipes,  quails, 
and  thruHics.  Of  waier-fowl  there  is  great 
abundance.  The  becaficos  and  ortolans  are 
remarkably  fat  ;  and  fo  numerous,  that  the 
peafants  think,  they  make  a  gcod  market 
when  they  can  difpofe  of  them  at  the  rate 
of  a  penny  for  a  bunch  or  a  doztn.  Among 
the  numerous  animals  here,  there  is  a  kind 
offerpent,  the  Greek  name  of  which  figni- 
lies  the  deaf  fnake  :  its  bite  is  mortal ;  its 
body  is  about  two  feet  in  length,  and  an  inch 
in  diameter;  its  colour  is  black  and  yellow; 
and  it  hastwofmall  horns  on  its  head.  The 
Greeks  have  namedit  very  improperly ;  for 
it  is  by  no  means  deaf.  It  generally  fre- 
quents corn-fie'ds;  and  the  reapers,  bclides 
wearing  buikins,  fix  fmall  bells  to  their 
fcythes,  in  order  te  frighten  it  away.  The 
tarantula  of  Cyprus  is  a  kind  offpider,  of  a 
brown  colour  inclining  to  black,  and  covered 
v/ith  long  hair :  its  bite  is  not  mortal  ;  but 
it  is,  neverthelefs,  dangerous,  and  often  oc- 
caiions  excruciating  pain,  accompanied  with 
a  fercr.  That  of  the  galley  is,  however,  in- 
curable. This  is  a  thin,  flat  animal,  about  a 
foot  andahalflong;  of  a  ydlowcolour,  and 
furnilhed  with  a  multitude  of  legs,  which  it 
moves  uniformly,  like  the  oars  of  a  galley : 
hence  it  has  acquired  its  name.  There  is 
here  alfo  a  black  ferpent,  about  a  yard,  or  a 
yard  and  a  half  long ;  but  it  is  not  veno- 
mous :  people  take  it  in  their  hands  with- 
out danger  ;  and  having  ftripped  of  its  flcin, 
broil  the  flelh,  which  is  faid  to  be  extremely 
well  tafted.  The  oxen  here  are  lean,  and 
of  a  fmall  fize.  The  Greeks  never  eat  beef; 
for  they  hold  it  as  a  maxim,  that  the  animal 
which  tills  the  ground,  which  is  the  fervant 
of  man,  and  the  companion  of  his  labours, 
ought  not  to  be  ufid  for  food.  1  ha  mutton 
is  juicy  and  tender.  No  arts  are  cultivated 
there,  but  fvich  as  are  ablblately  neceffary. 
The  wants  of  the  infiabitants  fupport  alfo  a 
few  manufactures,  die  produce  of  which  i?, 
however,  fcarcely  fuflicient  for  their  con  ■ 
fumption.  Every  thing  here  has  befen  fub- 
jeiffed  to  the  yoke  of  defpotifm. 

Czachcc,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Brzefc.     28  miles  ENE  Urzefc. 

Czacfanick,-^.  town  of  Pijland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Braclaw.     38  milts  S.  Braclaw. 

Czarnaki,  a  town  of  PoLnd,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Podolia.    60  m.  NNE.  Kaminicc. 

Czame'vjezyce,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Brzefc.  10  miles  IsiNE.  Brzefc. 

Czan:ikcix),  a  town  of  Poland,  in  tht:  pa- 
latinate of  Pofnania,     26  niilcs  N.  Pofen.  _ 

Czarnokczy7ieczie,  a  town  of  Poland,  in 
the  palatinate  of  Kamiuicc.  1%  miles  W. 
Kaminiec. 


C  Z  E 

Czarmrxansy  a  town  of  Silcfia,  in  (fte 
principality  of  Oppcln.  4  miles  N.  Opptln. 

Czurfdoiv,  a  tuwn  of  Poiand,  30  miles 
NW.  Kaminiec. 

CzartoriJh^A  town  of  Poland,in  Volhynia. 
42  miles  NNE.  Lucko. 

Czajlau,  or  TjlLijLut,  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, and  capiul  of  a  circle  to  which  it  gives 
name  :  (ituatcd  on  the  Crudemka.  In  the 
church  is  a  tomb  of  the  celebrated  Zifca, 
the  chief  of  the  Huliitcs.  Near  this  town 
the  King  of  Pruflia  obtained  a  vi(5fury  over 
the  Auftrians  in  the  month  of  May,  1743. 
42  miles  ESE.  Prague,  /s/;^.  15.  24.  E.' 
Laf.4<).4<).  N. 

Czaj/aiv/k,  a  town  of  Bohemia,   in  tlie 
circle  of  Czallau.     iz  miles  SVV.  Ledetfch. 
^  Czatza,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  river 
Kuffutflia.     IC4  miles  NNE.  Vienna,  48  N*. 
Crcmnitz. 

Czay  Koii'kj,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Volhynia.  38  miles  NE.  Zy- 
tomiers. 

Czazac,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
the  province  of  Servia.  30  miles  NNE. 
Novibafar. 

Czazin,  a  town  of  Croatia,  ao  miles 
SSW.Novi. 

Czazniki,  a  town  of  Ruffian  Lithuania. 
45  miles  SE.  Polotfl<. 

Czcrazutij  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Braclaw.     64  m.  N  W.  Braclaw. 

Czczaroiv,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Bi'lz.     36  miles  SW.  Belz. 

Czechtitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Czaflau.     10  miles  SVV.  Ledetfch. 

Czeczora,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Moldavia,  on  the  Pruth.     14  miles  E.  Jaili. 

CzcUte,  a  town  of  Hungary.  20  railet 
W.  Topoltzan. 

Czckryv.y  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  palati- 
nate of  Kiev.    44  miles  SSE.  Czerkai'y. 

Czelakonvitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Kaurzim.     8  mif.sSE.  Koilclctz. 

Cztujlochoiv,  or  Czejlo'iuchoiv,  a  town  of 
Auflrian  Poland,  in  the  palaKnatc  of  Cra- 
cow, on  the  Warta.  It  fuitained  a  ficge 
againllthe  Swedesin  1657.  In  i8o6,itwaf 
taken  by  the  French.  5cin.  NNW.Cracuw. 

Czerekvje,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Bcchin.     10  miles  SE.Pilgram. 

Czi'rl'Jin,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Pihen.     7  miles  NVV.  Mies. 

Czernakora,  a  town  of  Mor.ivia,  in  tlic 
circle  of  Brunn.  14  miles  N.  JBrunn.  Long. 
16.  23.  E.  Lc7t.49-Z.  N. 

Czfrr:aiicii,  or  Ciar/uux,  a  town  of  Mol- 
davia, on  the  Pruth.  9  m.  NNW.  Jafl'y.  18 
S.  Choczim.    Long.  36.  54.  E.     Lat.   48. 

Czcrr.avoda,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Bulgaria.  42  ni.  N.  Ternova,  13  S.  Ruf- 
cek.    Long.  2j.  io.  E.  Lut.  4j-40'  N 


C  Z  I 

tlzernifz,  ryr  Tfcherinek,  a  town  ofWa-' 
lachia,  fiuwted  near  the  north  f^de  of  the 
Danube.  In  the  year  1789,  it  was  taker  by 
theAuftrians.  44  m.  E.  Belgrade,  106  W. 
Buchareft.  Zs;?^.  zz.  17.  E.  Lat.  44.52.  N. 

Czerfiitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  cir- 
cle of  Saatz.     8  miles  S.  Saatz. 

Czernitz,  a  river  of  Croatia,  which  runs 
into  the  Velika,  9  miles  S.  Ivanitz. 

Czern  belt  a  town  of  Ruflian  Poland.  60 
iViilesN.  Kiev. 

Czcr?iogrod,z  town  of  RuiTian  Poland,  in 
the  palatinate  of  Kiev.  40  miles  ENE. 
Zytomiers. 

Czenio^vitz,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Gran.     11  m.iles  NNW.Bukans. 

Czernonv'ttz,  a  town  ot  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Bechin.     13  miles  ESE.  Tabor. 

Czerjh,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Mafovia, 
on  the  Viftula.     30  miles  S.  Warfaw. 

Czern.mnjk,  a  town  of  Pruflia,  on  the  Vif- 
tula.   25  miles  WNW.  Warlaw. 

Czernxmiagrodt  a  town  of  Poland.  30 
miles  W.  Kaminiec. 

Czejtin,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle 
of  Czaflau.     13  miles  Czaflau. 

Czeleztdoy  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  the  province  of  Moldavia.     6  m.  S.  Jafl'y. 

Czctnek,  a  town  of  Hungary.  26  miles 
W.  Cafchau. 

Czetn.ver?iia,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
Jatinate  of  Volhynia.     16  miiles  N.  Lucko. 

Czcuca?ii,  a  town  of  Moldavia.  5  miles 
W.  Birlat. 

Czicfereda,  a  tovv'n  of  Tranfylvania.  85 
miles  N£.  Hcrmanftadt.  Long.  25.  20.  E. 
Lat.  46.  34.  N. 

Czurl,  a  village,  in  the  comte  of  Tyrol, 


G  Z  Y 

fituated  in  the  midfl  of  precipitous  and 
rocky  mountains.  Mr.  Blainville  tells  us, 
he  faw  the  great  fledge  rock,  down  a  part 
of  which,  it  is  faid,  the  Duke  Maximilian 
rode  while  hunting  :  in  the  place  where  he 
ftopped,  and  from  which  he  was  compelled 
to  defcend  by  the  help  of  machines,  for  he 
durif  not  return  by  the  way  he  came,  it  is  a 
frightful  precipice  ;  and  on  this  fpot  a  niche 
was  hollowed  in  the  rock  for  the  reception 
of  a  crucifix,  with  a  ffatue  on  each  lide. 

Cziglin,  a  town  of  Sclavonia.  7  miles 
NW.  Brod. 

Cz:rk'xvitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the 
circle  of  Czaflau.     4  miles  NW.  Czaflau. 

Czirrdiechoiv,  a  town  of  Poland  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Volhynia.    j2  m.  W.  Zytomiers. 

Czirokogrodno,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the 
palatinate  of  Braclaw.  54  miles  NNW. 
Braclaw. 

Cznieloiv,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pala- 
tinate of  Sandomirz.  24  m.NW.Sandomirz. 

Czochnviace,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Kiev.     4  miles  S.  Bialacerkicv. 

Czongrad,  fee  Cfongrod. 

Czornoiv,  a  town  of  Lithuania,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Brzefc.     18  m.  SSW.  Brzefc. 

Czudnatz,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  the  pa- 
latinate of  Lublin.     40  miles  NV/.  Lublin-. 

Czudno^jj,  a  town  of  Ruffian  Poland,  in 
the  palatinate  of  Kiev.  24  miles  SW. 
Zytomiers. 

Czugu?-,  a  river  of  European  Turkey,  in 
the  province  of  Moldavia,  which  runs  into 
the  Pruth,  near  Stephanowze. 

Czyrkaffi,  a  tov/n  of  Ruffian  Poland,  in 
the  palatinate  of  Kiev,  on  the  Dnieper.  95 
miles  SSE.  Kiev,  130  E.  Braclaw* 


END  OF  VOL.  L 


Printed  by  RiclKird  Cruttwell,  Si.  James's. Sdeet,  Baih. 


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