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THE  NEW  YOHK 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

A8TOR.    LPK'Oy    ANC 


THE  NEW  YORK 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

A8T0R.    LTK'nx    »NC 


tZ79/ll  i'jf''''  v.„*l,  r 


N.z: 


NORTH  ISLAND. 


MAP  OF  NORTH  ISLAND  OF  NEW  ZEALAND  SHOWING  UND  DISTRICTS 

iSu  Part  IV.) 


THE 


NEW     ZEALAND 

OFFICIAL    YEAR-BOOK 

1  9  O  6 . 

FIRTEENXH      YEAR      OF      133UE:^ 


PBBPABED   UNDEB   INSTBUOTIONS    FBOM   THB 

HoNOUBABLB   SiR  J,   G.   WARD,   K.C.M.G., 

PBIME  MINISTER, 
BT 

R.      J.      VON      DADELSZBN, 

BBQISTBAB-OBNEBAL . 


¥ 


WELLINGTON,  N.Z. 

BT  AUTHOBITT:    JOHN    MAOKAT,   OOVBBNMBNT   PBINTBR. 

LOHDOH:  BTBB  and  SPOTTISWOODB,   FLBST  STBBBT,   B.C. 

1906, 


TWE  NEW  YORK 

PUBUC  LIBRARY 


rrOR.  LENOX  ~AN 
TILOEN   FO(j NOATION*. 


PBEFACB. 


Thb    work  now  put   forward    is    the  fifteenth  issue  of  the  New 
Zealand  Official  Tear-book. 

All  the  matter  contained  in  it  has  been  previously  arranged  in 
tbe  form  of  pamphlets  of  "  Advance  Sheets/'  according  to  the  usual 
course. 

It  has  been  found  impossible  to  introduce  the  results  of  the 
census  of  April,  1906,  except  as  to  the  populations  of  counties  and 
boroughs,  further  particulars  not  being  yet  tabulated.  The  im- 
portant work  of  compiling  the  statistics  of  manufactories  and  the 
great  primary  industries — information  for  which  is  obtained  by 
means  of  the  Census  Enumerators — is  now  proceeding,  and  will  be 
ready  for  publication  next  year. 

E.  J.  VON  DADELSZEN. 
Begistrar-Oeneral's  Office, 

Wellington,  N.Z.,  29th  September,  1906. 


CONTENTS.- 


Pabt  I— Ibtroductobt:  Official. 

Page 

KewZealand 1 

Sacoessive  Qovernon  19 

Sapreme  Court  Jodget,  Past  and  Preaent  . .  SI 

EzeoQtiTe  Coonoils,  1848-M..     ..  32 

Parliaments  88 

SnooassiTe  Minittriea  24 

Pnmiexi  86 

Speakers  of  the  Legislative  Council  85 

Speakers  of  the  Honae  of  Representatives . .  86 

Foreign  Consols  86 

The  Colonial  Office          ..  38 

Crown  Agents  for  the  Colonies  89 

Honours  held  hy  Colonists  89 

Governor  of  New  2^1and  SO 

Ezeontive  Council,  April,  1906  81 

The  General  Assemhly    ..  88 

Official  LUt  87 

Ecclesiastical    ..            ..  61 

Defences,  Military  and  Naval  68 

Depots  for  Shipwrecked  Mariners  66 

Graving-docks  and  Patent  Slips  . .  69 

Harhoars,  PUotage,  Port  Charges,  Ao.  ..                                                         78 

Lighthouses       . .  85 

New  Zealand  Newspapers  87 

The  Customs  Taiiff  of  New  Zealand  94 

Exemptions  from  Duties  of  Customs  108 

Excike  Duties    . .  109 

Timber-export  Duties                    ..  110 

*'  Preferential  and  Reciprocal  Trade  Act,  1908  "      . .                                           Ill 

Fees  payable  under  Land  Transfer  Act  118 

Duties  on  Estates  of  Deceased  Persons  114 


Becti 


Pabt  II.— Statistical. 

I.  Education  115 

II.  Law  and  Crime  . .  144 

III.  Local  Governing  Bodies    ..  159 

IV.  Licenses  and  Licensed  Houses  198 
V.  Meteorology         . .  200 

VI.  Vital  Statistics    . .             . .             . .  807 

VI f.  Imports:  Customs  and  Excise  Revenue  255 

VJIL  Exports,  and  Total  Trade  290 

IX.  TiansporK  and  Communication  825 

X.  Manufactories  and  Works  885 

XI.  Labour  Laws  858 

XII.  Occupation  of  Land ;  and  Live-stock  860 


00NTBNT8. 


Pafs 

SeoiioD    XIII.  Agrioulture  ..              874 

;XIV.  Mining  . .             ..             887 

XV.  Aooumalaiion :  Prioes  and  Wages  . .  899 
XVI.  Finance— 

Subsection  A. — RcTenue  and  Expenditure   of    the 

General  Qovernment  . .  . .              418 

•           B.— Taxation  484 

C— Public  Debt        ..             ..  ..              487 

XVII.  Population            . .             . .              454 

»       XVIII.  Representation    ..             ..             ..             ..  ..              470 

XIX.  Grown  Lands       . .             . .             . .             . .  . .              484 

•            XX.  Land  for  Settlements        . .             . .             . .  . .              490 

,           XXI.  Government  Valuation  of  Land  and  its  Improvements  495 
l^pplemental :    Statistical  View  of  Fifty  Years'  Progress  of  New 

Zealand,  &c.             . .            . .            . .            . .            . .  . .              588 

Pabt  III.— Abtiolbs  on  Spboial  Subjects. 

Section  I.— 

The  Land  System  of  New  Zealand        . .             . .            . .  . .              551 

Advances  to  Settlers    . .             . .             . .  . .              564 

The  Land  and  Income  Tax  Assessment. .  . .              578 

**  The  Government  Valuation  of  Land  Act,  1896 "              . .  581 

Rating  on  Unimproved  Value  of  Land   . .                            . .  . .              581 

State  Fire  Insurance  . .            . .                                         . .  . .              58S 

Old-age  Pensions          . .             . .                            . .             . .  . .              584 

Preferential  and  Reciprocal  Trade  589 

Section  II.— 

Agriculture  in  New  Zealand      . .  590 

Tree-planting                ..             ..             ..  ..              611 

iSection  III.— 

The  Mineral  Waters  of  New  Zealand  . .              616 

Other  Government  Tourist  and  Health  Resorts    . .             . .  . .              684 

A  Day  on  White  Island             ..             ..             ..  687 

Maori  Marriage  Customs  . .              688 

Pabt  IV.— Dbsobiftions  of  Land  Distbicts. 

Auckland  Land  District . .  . .              646 

Taranaki  Land  District  . .                                           . .  660 

Hawke's  Bay  Land  District  . .              668 

Wellington  Land  District                                           . .  678 

Marlborough  Land  District                                                      . .  . .              685 

Nelson  Land  District      . .                                           . .  691 

Westland  Land  District . .             . .                            . .             . .  . .              696 

Canterbury  Land  District                            . .  . .              707 

Otago  Land  District    . .                 . .             . .             . .  . .              717 

Southland  Land  District                                            . .  727 


Annexed  Islands. 


Oook  and  other  Annexed  Pacific  Islands 


733 


Appendix. 
Dates  of  certain  Principal  Events  in  the  History  of  New  Zealand 


744 


(General  Index 


759 


Maps  ahd  Diagbams. 


THE 


NEW    ZEALAND 

OFFICIAL   YEAR-BOOK 

1906. 


ADDENDA  ET  CORRIGENDA. 


Paqs  24. — Sixteenth  ParliiLmerii :  Firat  seFiioQ  opc^ned  2Tth  June,  I9Q6 ;  pro- 
roguod  3rd  July,  1906.     Second  aeision  opened  21st  Augnat,  1906 » 

Pe^ge  25« — SuccesBive  Ministries:  Beddon  Ministry  resigned  owiog  to  dearth  of 
Right  Hon.  R.  J.  Seddon,  2U6  June,  1006.  28  Hall  Jones— &«8umed  ofaoe 
2lic  Juti«,  1906;  resigned  6th  Augtiat,  1906.  29  Ward— aasttitied  oifioa 
6bb  August,  1906. 

PremierA  of  Suoc^ssive  MiniBtrieB:  Hon.  William  Hall- Jonoi ;  Sir 
Joaeph  George  Ward,  JC.O.M.G. 

Page  26.— Speakers  ol  tbe  House  of  RepreHentatWes :  Arthur  Robert  Guinneas, 
29fcb  November,  1905  ;   reappoimed  27&k  Jyno,  1906. 

Foreign  CodruIh:  Coniiul  for  Puragnav,  A.  E  Kernot,  Wellington; 
Consul  General  for  Belgium  (with  juri&idiction  over  the  Provincial  Dis- 
tricts  of  Hawko's  Bhv,  Taratiaki,  and  Wellington),  Hon.  Charles  John 
JohBston,  MXC.»  Wellington;  Actiitg-C  mgultir  Agent  for  France*  John 
We^^ley  Budtlio^  Chriftt^htiroh ;  G  nBUl  General  for  Norway  for  Australia 
and  New  Zeal^tnd,  O-  R5mckf,  M«liKiuriie;  Vice  Consul  for  Norway  for 
Australia  and  New  ZeaUnd,  J  Gunderson,  Melbourne;  Vice  0  naul  Eoi 
Norway,  Roland  St.  Ciai%  AuckUud  ;  Consul  for  Norway,  A.  W,  Newton, 
Wellington;  Vice  Confiul  fur  A '■gen  tine  Rppubbo  at  Dunedin  (with  juris- 
diotino  over  Naw  Zeiland),  Hrtn.  T.  F«rgu8 ;  Honorary  Oon«iilfl  for  OfriM, 
George  Dunoet,  Auckianl,  Harold  Beau^^hamp,  Wellington,  J.  G.  F. 
Palm^-r*  Christchuroh,  J.  A.  Roh^ris,  Dunedin ;  Consular  Agent  for 
United  States  of  America,  J.  G.  Duncan,  Wellington. 

C  insular  A^ent  for  United  States  of  Amerioft  ftt  Dunedin :  F.  0. 
Bridgeman,  7u>t  Bndgman* 

Page  33.— Members  of  the  Leg'slative  Council :  Hon.  D.  Pinkerton,  died  23rd 
June,  1906;  Hon.  F.  Arkvvright,  resigned. 

Page  35. — ^Members  of  the  House  of  Repre'^eniative'^ :  Speaker,  Arthur  Robert 
Guinnes^i;  Chairman  of  Committees^  Roderick  McKenzie. 

M  mber  for  Wangaoui :  Hogan,  James  Thomas,  not  Hogan,  John 
Thomas. 

Page  36.— Member  for  Weetland  ;  Be'ldon,  Thomas  Edward  Youd,  elected  in 
place  of  the  late  Righc.  Hon.  R.  J.  Seddon. 

Member  for  Kaipara :  Stall  worthy  ^  John,  not  Sballworthy,  John  A. 

Page  43. — ^Under-Seorelar;  Native  Department  i  H.  F.  Edger. 

Page  56. — Surveyor-General ;  T»  Humphries. 


TH£  NE^^''  YOKTs.! 

PUBLIC  LIBRA  A Y; 


A8T0R.  LENC-*'    ^■<^ 


L 


OF  MIDDLE  ISLAND  OF  NEW  ZEALAND  SHOWING  UNO  DISTRICTS 

(S4t  Part  ir.) 


THE 

NEW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    YEAR-BOOR, 

1906. 


PART   I.-INTRODUCTORY:    OFFICIAL 


NEW    ZB-ALAND. 

Thb  Colony  of  New  Zealand  consists  of  three  main  islands,  with 
several  groups  of  smaller  islands  lying  at  some  distance  from  the 

Cincipal  group.  The  main  islands,  known  as  the  North,  the 
iddle,  and  Stewart  Islands,  have  a  coast-line  4,330  miles  in 
length:  North  Island,  2,200  miles;  Middle  Island,  2,000  miles; 
aod  Stewart  Island,  130  miles.  Other  islands  included  within  the 
colony  are  the  Chatham,  Auckland,  Campbell,  Antipodes,  Bounty, 
and  Kermadec  Islands.  The  annexation  of  the  Cook  and  sundry 
other  islands  has  necessitated  an  enlargement  of  the  boundaries  of 
the  colony,  which  will  be  specially  treated  of  further  on. 

New  Zealand  is  mountainous  in  many  parts,  but  has,  never- 
theless, large  plains  in  both  North  and  Middle  Islands.  In  the 
North  Island,  which  is  highly  volcanic,  is  situated  the  famous 
Thermal- Springs  District,  of  which  a  special  account  will  be  given. 
The  Middle  Island  is  remarkable  for  its  lofty  mountains,  with  their 
magnificent  glaciers,  and  for  the  deep  sounds  or  fiords  on  the  western 
coast. 

New  Zealand  is  firstly  a  pastoral  and  secondly  an  agricultural 
country.  Sown  grasses  are  grown  almost  everywhere,  the  extent  of 
land  laid  down  being  more  than  twelve  and  a  half  millions  of  acres. 
The  soil  is  admirably  adapted  for  receiving  these  grasses,  and,  after 
the  bush  has  been  burnt  off,  is  mostly  sown  over  without  previous 
ploughing.  In  the  Middle  Island  a  large  area  is  covered  with 
native  grasses,  all  used  for  grazing  purposes.  The  large  extent  of 
good  grazing- land  has  made  the  colony  a  great  wool,  meat,  and 
dairy-produce  country;  while  its  agricultural  capabilities  are,  speak- 
ing generally,  very  considerable.  The  abundance  of  water  and 
the  quantity  of  valuable  timber  are  other  natural  advantages. 
1— Ybk. 


WBW   ZRAI*AND   OFFICIAL    YEAR-BOOK. 


New  Zealand  is,  besides,  a  mining  country.  Large  deposits  of 
coal  are  met  with,  chiefly  ou  the  west  coast  of  the  Middle  Island. 
Gold*  alluvial  and  in  quartz,  is  found  in  both  Islands,  the  yield 
having  been  over  sixty-seven  millions  sterling  in  value  to  the  pre- 
sent time.  ¥uU  statistical  information  on  this  subject  is  given 
further  on,  compiled  up  to  the  latest  dates. 

Disco VEKY  and  Early  Settlement. 

The  first  authentic  account  of  the  discovery  of  New  Zealand  is 
that  given  by  Abel  Jansen  Tasman,  the  Dutch  navigator.  He  left 
Batavia  on  the  l^th  August,  1642,  in  the  yacht  "  Heemskirk," 
accompanied  by  the  "  Zeehaen  *'  (or  **  Sea- hen  *')  fly-boat.  After 
having  visited  Mauritius,  and  discovered  Tasmania,  named  by 
him  **  Van  Diemen's  Laud,**  in  honour  of  Anthony  van  Diemen, 
Governor  of  the  Dutch  possessions  in  the  East  Indies,  he  steered 
eastward,  and  on  the  13th  December  of  the  same  year  sighted  the 
west  coast  of  the  Middle  Island  of  New  Zealand,  described  by  Mm 
as  "a  high  mountainous  country,  which  is  at  present  marked  in 
the  charts  as  New  Zealand." 

Tasman,  under  the  belief  that  the  land  he  saw  belonged  to  a 
great  polar  continent,  and  was  part  of  the  country  discovered  some 
years  before  by  Schouten  and  Le  Mai  re,  to  which  the  name  of 
Staaien  Land  had  been  given,  gave  the  same  name  of  Staaten 
Land  to  New  Zealand  ;  but  within  about  three  months  afterwards 
Schouten's  *'  Staaten  Land*'  was  found  to  be  merely  an  inconsider- 
able island.  Upon  this  discovery  being  aunouncetJ,  the  country 
that  Tasman  liad  called  Staaten  Land  received  again  the  name 
of  **  New  Zealand,"  by  which  it  has  ever  since  been  known.  Tasman 
sailed  along  the  coast  to  a  bay,  w^here  he  anchored.  To  this  he 
gave  the  name  of  Murderers  (now  Massacre)  Bay,  on  account  of 
an  unprovoked  attack  on  a  boat's  crew  by  the  Natives,  and  the 
massacre  of  four  white  men.  Thence  he  steered  along  the  west 
coast  of  the  North  Island,  and  gave  the  name  of  Cape  Maria  van 
Diomen  to  the  north-western  extremity  thereof.  After  sighting 
the  islands  of  the  Three  Kings  he  finally  departed,  not  having  set 
foot  in  the  country. 

There  is  no  record  of  any  visit  to  New  Zealand  after  Tasmaa'e 
departure  until  the  time  of  Captain  Cook,  who,  after  leaving  the 
Society  Islands,  sailed  in  search  of  a  southern  continent  then 
believed  to  exist.  He  sighted  land  on  the  6th  October,  1769,  at 
Young  Nick's  Head,  and  on  the  6th  of  that  month  cast  anchor  in 
Poverty  Bay.  After  having  coasted  round  the  North  Island  and  the 
Middle  and  Stewart  Islands — which  last  he  mistook  for  part  of  the 
Middle  Island — he  took  his  departure  from  Cape  Farewell  on  the 
3l8t  March,  177Q,  for  Australia,  He  visited  New  Zealand  again  in 
1773,  in  1774,  and  in  1777. 

M.  de  Surville,  a  French  officer  in  command  of  tlie  vessel  **  Saint 
Jean  Baptiste,*'  while  on  a  voyage  of  discovery,  sighted  the  north- 
east coast  of  New  Zealand  on  the  12th  December,  1769,  and  re- 


OOLONIBATION. 


3 


rained  for  a  short  time,  A  visit  was  soon  after  paid  by  another 
&nch  officer,  M.  Marion  du  Fresne,  who  arrived  on  the  west  coast 
North  Island  of  New  Zealand  on  the  24th  March,  1772,  but 
was,  OD  the  12th  June  following,  treacherously  raurdered  at  the  Bay 
of  Islands  by  the  Natives, 

In  1793  the  **D£edalus,"  nuder  the  command  of  Lieutenant 
Hanson,  was  sent  by  the  Government  o£  New  South  Wales  to  New 
[Zealand,  and  two  chiefs  were  taken  thence  to  Norfolk  Island. 
There  was  after  this  an  occasional  intercourse  between  the  islands 
of  New  Zealand  and  the  English  settlements  in  New  South 
Wales. 

Id  1814  the  first  missionaries  arrived  in  New  Zealand — Messrs,  ! 
Hall  and  Kendall  —  who  had  been  sent  as  forerunners  by  Mr, 
Marsden,  chaplain  to  the  New  South  Wales  Government.  After 
a  short  stay  they  returned  to  New  South  Wales,  and  on  the  19th 
November  of  that  year  again  embarked  in  company  with  Mr. 
laxsden.  who  preached  his  first  sermon  in  New  Zealand  on  Christ- 
mas Day,  1814.  He  returned  to  Sydney  on  ihe  23rd  March,  1815, 
Heaving  Messrs.  Hall  and  Kendall,  who  formed  the  first  mission 
ivtion  at  Rangihoua,  Bay  of  Islands,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Church  Missionary  Society.  Six  years  later,  in  1821,  the  work  of 
srangeliEatioo  was  put  on  a  more  durable  basis;  but  the  first  station 
of  the  Wesley  an  mission,  established  by  Mr.  Leigh  and  his  wife,  at 
the  valley  of  the  Kaeo,  Whangaroa,  was  not  taken  possession  of 
nntU  the  10th  June,  1823. 

Colonisation. 

The  first  attempt  at  colonisation  was  made  in  1825  by  a  com- 
pany formed  in  London.  An  expedition  was  sent  out  under  the 
command  of  Captain  Herd,  who  bought  two  islands  in  the  Haurald 
Gulf  and  a  strip  of  land  at  Hokianga.  The  attempt,  however, 
was  a  failure,  owing  to  the  savage  character  of  the  inhabitants. 
lo  consequence  of  frequent  visits  of  whaling-vessels  to  the  Bay 
of  Islands,  a  settlement  grew  up  at  Kororareka  —  now  called 
lussell — and  in  1333  Mr.  Busby  was  appointed  British  Resident 
Bre.  A  nuraber  of  Europeans  gradually  settled  in  diflFerent  parts 
the  country,  and  married  Native  women. 

In  1838  a  colonisation  company,  known  as  the  New  Zealand 
Dmpany,  was  formed  to  establish  settlement  on  systematic  prin- 
tiples*  A  preUminary  expedition,  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
7illiani  Wakefield,  was  despatched  from  England  on  the  12th  May, 
1839,  and  arrived  in  New  Zealand  in  the  following  August,  Having 
chased  land  from  the  Natives,  Colonel  Wakefield  selected  the  i 
lof  Port  Nicholson,  in  Cook  Strait,  as  the  site  of  the  Erst  settle- 
ment* On  the  22nd  January,  1840,  the  first  body  of  inimigranta 
rived,  and  founded  the  town  of  Wellington.  About  the  same  time 
-namely,  on  the  29th  January,  1840  —  Captain  Hobson,  R.N., 
ived  at  the  Bay  of  Islands,  empowered,  with  the  consent  of  the 
Natives,  to  proclaim  the  sovereignty  of  Queen  Victoria  over  tha 


I 


4  NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    YEAR-BOOK, 

Islands  of  New  Zealand,  and  to  assume  the  government  thereof.  A 
compact  called  the  Treaty  of  Waitangi,  to  which  in  less  than  six 
months  five  hundred  and  twelve  names  were  affixed,  was  entered 
into,  whereby  all  rights  and  powers  of  sovereignty  were  ceded  to  the 
Queen,  all  territorial  rights  being  secured  to  the  chiefs  and  their 
tribes.  New  Zealand  was  then  constituted  a  dependency  of  the 
Colony  of  New  South  Wales,  but  on  the  3rd  May,  1841,  was  pro- 
claimed a  separate  colony.  The  seat  of  Government  had  been 
previously  established  at  Waitemata  (Auckland),  round  which  a 
settlement  was  formed. 

The  New  Zealand  Company  having  decided  to  form  another 
settlement,  to  which  the  name  of  "'Nelson**  was  to  be  given,  de- 
spatched a  preliminary  expedition  from  England  in  April,  184 1»  for 
the  purpose  of  selecting  a  site.  The  spot  chosen  was  the  head  of 
Blind  Bay,  where  a  settlement  was  established.  About  the  same 
titvie  a  number  of  pioneers  anived  in  Taranaki,  despatched  thither 
by  the  New  Plymouth  Company,  a  colonising  society  which  had 
been  formed  in  England,  and  had  bought  50,000  acres  of  land  from 
the  New  Zealand  Company. 

The  next  important  event  in  the  progress  of  colonisation  was  the 
arrival  at  Port  Chalmers,  on  the  23rd  March,  1848,  of  the  first  of 
two  emigrant  ships  sent  out  by  the  Otago  Association  for  the 
foundation  of  a  settlement  by  persons  belonging  to  or  in  sympathy 
with  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland. 

In  1849  the  '*  Canterbury  Association  for  founding  a  Settlement 
in  New  Zealand"  was  incorporated.  On  the  16th  December,  1850, 
the  first  emigrant  ship  despatched  by  the  association  arrived  at  Port 
Cooper,  and  the  work  of  opening  up  the  adjoining  country  was  set 
about  in  a  systematic  fashion,  the  intention  of  the  promoters  being 
to  establish  a  settlement  complete  in  itself,  and  composed  entirely 
of  members  of  the  then  United  Church  of  England  and  Ireland. 

The  Maohib. 

Prior  to  the  colonisation  of  New  Zealand  by  Europeans,  the 
earliest  navigators  and  explorers  fonnd  a  race  of  people  already 
inhabiting  both  Islands.  Papers  written  in  1874  by  Mr.  (after- 
wards Sir)  William  Fox,  and  Sir  l>onald  McLean,  then  Native 
Minister,  state  that  at  what  time  the  discovery  of  these  Islands  was 
matle  by  the  Maoris,  or  from  what  place  they  came,  are  matters 
of  tradition  only,  and  that  much  has  been  lost  in  the  obscurity 
enveloping  the  history  of  a  people  without  letters.  Nor  is  there 
anything  on  record  respecting  the  origin  of  the  Maori  people  them- 
selves, beyond  the  general  tradition  of  the  Polynesian  race,  which 
seems  to  show  a  series  of  successive  migrations  from  west  to  east, 
probably  by  way  of  Malaysia  to  the  Pacific.  Little  more  can  now 
be  gathered  from  tbetr  traditions  than  that  they  were  immigrants, 
and  that  they  probably  found  inliabitants  on  the  east  coast  of  the 
North  Island  belonging  to  the  same  race  as  themselves^the  descend- 
ants of  a  prior  migration,  whose  history  is  lost.     The  tradition  runs 


BOUNDAKlBb    AND    AHEA. 


I  that,  generations  ago,  the  Maoris  dwelt  in  a  country  named  Hawaiki, 
and  that  one  of  their  chiefs,  after  a  long  voyage,  reached  the  northern 
I  inland  of  New  Zealand.     Betiiniing  to  his  home  witli  a  tiattering 
Kdescription  of  the  country  he  had  discovered,  this  chief,  it  is  said, 
persuaded  a  number  of  his  kinsfolk  and  friends,  who  were  much 
I  harassed  by  war,  to  set  out  with  a  fleet  of  double  canoes  for  the 
new  land.     The   names  of   most   of   the   canoes   are  still  remem- 
bered, and  each   tribe  agrees  in  its  account  of  the  doings  of  the 
people  of  the  principal  canoes  after  their  arrival  in  New  Zealand  ; 
and   from  tliese  traditional  accounts  the  descent  of  the  numerous 
uibes   has   been    traced.     Calculations,  based  on  the  genealogical 
staves  kept  by  the  tohungast  or  priests,  and  on  the  well-authenticated 
f  traditions  of  the  people,  indicate  that  about  twenty-one  generations 
[have  passed  since  the  migration,  which  may  therefore  be  assumed 
[to  have  taken  place  about  five  hundred  and  twenty-five  years  ago. 
The  position  of  the  legendary  Hawaiki  is  unknown,  but  many  places 
in  the  South  Seas  have  been  thus  named  in  memory  of  the  mother- 
land.    The    Maoris  speak   a  very  pure  dialect  of  the    Polynesian 
[language,  the  common  longue,  with  more  or  less  variation,  in  all  the 
[eastern   Pacific   islands.      When    Captain    Cook   first  visited   New 
I  Zealand  he  availed  himself  of  the  services  of  a  Native  from  Tahiti, 
l^'hose  speech  was  easily  understood  by  the  Maoris.     In  this  way 
[much    information    respecting    the    early   history   of    the   country 
and  its  inhabitants  was  obtained  which  could  not  have  otherwise 
been  had. 

For  results  of  recent  researches  as  to  probable  origin  and  present 
I  numbers  of  the  Maoris,  see  Year-book  for  1901. 

"  BOUNDAKIES    AND   ArEA. 

The  Proclamation  of  Captain  Hobson  on  the  30th  January,  1840, 

Sve   as  the  boundaries   of   the    colony  the    following    degrees   of 
jtude    and   longitude ;    On   the  north,   34^  30'  S,  lat.  ;    on    the 
^ south,  iT  10^  S.  lat.;  on  the  east,  179"  0'  E.  long.;  on  the  west, 

166'^  5'  E.  long.  These  limits  excluded  small  portions  of  the 
I  extreme  north  of  the  North  Island  and  of  the  extreme  south  of 
I  Stewart  Island. 

[        In    April,   1842,    by   Royal   Letters   Patent,   and   again    by  the 
f  Imperial  Act  26  and  27  Vict.,  c.  23  (1863),  the  bomidaries  of  the 

colony  were  altered  so  as  to  extend  from  33°  to  53^  of  south  lati- 

inde  and  from  162'^  of  east  longitude  to  173^  of  west  longitude. 
l3y  Proclamation  bearing  date  the  21st  July,  1887,  the  Kermadec 
Llaiands,  lying  between  the  29tli  and  32nd  degrees  of  south  lati- 
Itude  and  the  177th  and  180th  degrees  of  west  longitude^  were 
'declared  to  be  annexed  to  and  to  become  part  of  the  Colony  of  New 

Zealand. 
I        By  Proclamation  bearinR  date  the  10th  Jime,  1901,  the  Cook 
■Group  of  islands,  and  all  the  otlier  islands  and  territories  situate 
I  within  the  boundary-lines  mentioned  in  the  following  Schedule,  were 
[included  in  the  Colony  of  New  Zealand:— 


e 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   YEAR-BOOK. 


A  line  oomzucDoing  at  a  point  at  tbe  iniorscotioD  of  the  tweoty-third  degree 
of  south  latitude  and  the  oDe-hundredaiid'fiftj'Kiitth  degree  of  longitude  west  of 
Oreenwieh,  and  proceeding  due  Dortb  to  the  point  of  ioterRecticiii  of  the  eighth 
degjree  of  Routh  lacHude  and  the  one-huDdredandBfty  sixth  dc^gree  of  longitude 
west  of  GreenwLoh;  thence  due  weat  to  the  point  of  iDierfiection  of  the  eighth 
degree  of  ROULh  latitude  and  the  one-hundred-and-Rixly-iieveDth  degree  of 
loT)gi1ude  vest  of  Greenwich;  thence  due  Fouth  to  the  point  of  interfiection  of 
the  seventeeDih  degree  of  south  latitude  and  the  one-hundred>and-Bizty-seYentb 
degree  of  longitude  west  of  Oreenwich  ;  thence  due  west  lo  the  point  of  inter- 
eection  of  the  seventeenth  degree  of  Routb  latitude  and  the  one-hundred^and* 
seventieth  degree  of  longitude  west  of  Greenwich  ;  thence  due  soytti  to  the  poinl 
of  intersection  of  the  twenty- third  degree  of  flouth  latitude  and  the  one^hundred- 
and-BBventieth  degree  of  longitude  weat  of  Greenwich;  and  thence  due  east  to 
the  point  of  interiiieotion  of  the  twenty  third  degree  of  south  latitude  and  the 
one-Fiundred-and-fiftyeixtb  degree  of  longitude  west  ol  Greenwich. 

t'lie  following  now  constitute  the  Colony  of  New  Zealand  : — 

1.  The  island  commonly  known  as  the  North  Island,  with  its 
adjacent  islets,  having  an  aggregate  area  of  44,468  square  miles,  or 
28,459,520  acres. 

2.  The  island  known  as  the  Middle  Island,  with  adjacent  ialets, 
having  an  aggregate  area  of  58,525  square  miles,  or  37,456,000  acres. 

3.  Stewart  Island,  and  adjacent  islets,  having  an  area  of  665 
square  miles,  or  425,390  acres. 

4.  The  Chatlmm  Islands,  situate  636  miles  eastward  of  Lyttel- 
toD  in  the  Middle  Island,  with  an  area  of  375  square  miles,  or 
239,920  acres. 

5.  The  Auckland  Islands,  about  200  miles  south  of  Stewart  Island, 
extending  about  30  miles  from  north  to  south,  and  nearly  15  from 
east  to  west,  the  area  being  210,650  acres. 

6.  The  Campbell  Islands,  in  latitude  52"^  33'  south,  and  longitude 
169"^  8'  west,  about  30  miles  io  circumference,  with  an  area  of  45,440 
acres. 

7.  The  Antipodes  Islands,  about  458  miles  in  a  south -easterly 
direction  from  Port  Chalmers,  in  the  Middle  Island.  These  are 
detached  rocky  islands,  ajid  extend  over  a  distance  of  between  4 
and  5  utiles  from  north  to  south,     Area,  12,960  acres. 

8.  The  Bounty  Islands,  a  small  group  of  islets,  thirteen  in  num- 
ber, lying  north  of  the  Antipodes  Islands,  and  about  415  miles  in 
an  east-south-easterly  direction  from  Port  Chalmers,  Area,  3,300 
acres. 

9.  The  Kermadec  Islands,  a  group  lying  about  614  miles  to  the 
north-east  of  Eussell,  in  the  Bay  of  Islands.  Baou!  or  Sunday 
Island,  the  largest  of  these,  is  about  20  miles  in  circuit.  The  next 
in  size  is  Macaulay  Island,  about  3  miles  round.  Area  of  the  group^ 
8,208  acres, 

10.  Islands  forming  the  Cook  Group: — 

Barotmiga, — Distance  from    AuckUnd,  1,638    mitea  ;    circumference, 

QO  miles  ;  height.  2,920  fu 
Mangaia,  —  DUtance    from    PUrotonga,    110    miles  j    circumference, 

30  miles;  height,  656  :t. 
Aiiu. — Diatftnoe  from  R&rotonga,  116  mile^ :  ciroumferenoe,  20  milea; 

height,  374  fL 


ABE  A  OK  COMMONWEALTH    STATE8   OF   AUSTRALIA.  7 

AittUaki.  —  DiBtanoe    from    RarotoDga,    140    milea ;     oiroumferenoe, 

13  mileR:  height,  866  ft. 
Mauke, — Distance  from  Barotonga,  150  miles ;  oiroumferaDce,  6  miles  ; 

height,  ahoat  60  f  s. 
MUiaro. — Distance  from  Rarotonga,  140  miles ;  circumference,  5  miles ; 

height,  about  50  ft. 
TakuUa  — Distant  from  Rarotooga,  126  miles. 
The  Herveys  (^thnuae  and  ilou^u).~Didtanc  from  Rarotonga,  120  miles. 

Total  area  of  above  Group,  150  square  miles. 
11.  Islands  outside  the  Cook  Group : — 

Savage  or  Nine. — Distance  from  Rarotonga,  580  miles ;  oiroumferenoe, 

40  mileii ;   height,  200  ft. ;  area,  abjut  100  square  miles. 
PalmersUm. — Didthnce  from  Rjirotonga,  273  miles ;  au  atoll,  4  miles 

by  2  miled. 
Penrhjftt,  or  Tongareva, — Distance  735  miles  from  Rarotonga  ;  an  atoll, 

12  miles  by  7  miles. 
Humphrey f  or  Manahiki,  --Distance  from  Rarotonga,  650  miles ;  an 

atoU,  6  miles  by  5  milts. 
Rierson^  or  i2a/caan^a.— Distance  from  Rarotonga,  670  miles ;  an  atoll, 

3  miles  by  3  miles. 
Danger^  or  Pukapuka, — Distance  from  Rarotonga,  700  milei ;  an  atoll, 

3  miles  by  8  miles. 
Suwarrow. — Distance  from  Rarotonga,  530  miles;  au  atoll. 

Total  area  of  islands  outside  the  Cook  Group,  130  square  miles. 

The  total  area  of  the  colony  is  thus  about  104,751  square  miles, 
of  which  the  aggregate  area  of  the  outlying  groups  of  islands  that 
are  practically  useless  for  settlement  amounts  to  about  498  square 
miles. 

Area  of  tJie  Commonwealth  States  of  Australia. 

The  areas  of  the  several  Australian  States,  as  stated  by  different 
authorities,  vary  considerably.  The  total  area  of  the  Australian 
Continent  is  given  as  2,944,628  square  miles,  according  to  a  com- 
putation made  by  the  late  Surveyor-General  of  Victoria,  Mr.  J.  A. 
Skene,  from  a  map  of  Continental  Australia  compiled  and  engraved 
under  his  direction;  but  the  following  areas  are  taken  from  the 
latest  official  records  of  each  colony  : — 

Square  Miles. 
Queensland      ..  ..  ..  668,497 

New  South  Wales  . .  . .         310,700 

Victoria  ..  ..  ..  ..  ..  87,884 

South  Australia  903,690 

Western  Australia  . .  . .  976,920 


Total,  Continent  of  Australia  2,946,691 

Tasmania  ..  ..  ..  ..  26,215 


Total,  Commonwealth  of  Australia  . .      2,972,906 

The  size  of  these  States  (with  New  Zealand)  may  be  better  realised 
by  comparison  of  their  areas  with  those  of  European  countries. 
The  areas  of  the  following  countries — Austria-Hungary,  Germany, 
France,  Belgium,  Holland,  Denmark,  Sweden  and  Norway,  Portu- 
gal, Spain,  Italy  (including  Sardinia  and  Sicily),  Switzerland,  Greece, 


8 


NEW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   YBAK-BOOK. 


Roumanian  BDlgaria,  Servia^  Eastern  Roumelia,  and  Turkey  in 
Europe — containing  on  the  whole  rather  less  than  1,600,000  square 
miles,  amount  to  httle  more  than  hall  the  extent  of  the  Australian 
Continent.  If  the  area  of  Kussia  in  Europe  be  added  to  those  of 
the  other  conn  idea  the  total  would  be  about  one-seventh  larger 
than  the  Australian  Continent,  and  about  one-twelfth  larger  than 
the  Australian  States,  with  New  Zealand. 

Arm  of  the  Colony  of  Neio  Zealaiul, 

The  area  of  the  Colony  of  New  Zealand  is  about  one-seventh 
less  than  the  area  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  the  Middle  Island 
of  New  Zealand  being  a  little  larger  than  the  combined  areas  of  Eng- 
land and  Wales. 


UtiH«d  Kiugdoxu. 

England  and  Wales 

Scotland 

Ireland 

Total     . , 

Xew  Ze&Ia.Qd. 

North  Island 
Middle  Island     . » 
Stewart  Island   .. 
Chatham  Islands 
Other  ]:^1atids 

Total    . , 


Area  In 
SquAFo  Uil«<t« 

58,311 
30,463 
32,531 


121,305 

Area  to 
Sqnare  MIle«. 

58,525 
665 
375 
718 


104.751 


I 


Physical  Features  of  the  North  Island. 

The  North  Island  extends  over  a  little  more  than  seven  degree 
of  latitude,  a  distance  in  a  direct  line  from  north  to  south  of  430 
geographical  or  498  statute  miles  ;  but,  as  the  northern  portion  of 
the  colony,  wdiich  covers  more  than  three  degrees  of  latitude, 
trends  to  the  westward,  the  distance  in  a  straight  line  from  the 
North  Cape  to  Cape  Palliser,  the  extreme  northerly  and  southerly 
points  of  the  island,  is  about  515  statute  miles. 

This  Island  is»  as  a  whole,  hilly,  and  in  parts  mountainous  in 
character,  but  there  are  large  areas  of  plain  or  comparatively  level 
country  that  are,  or  by  clearing  may  be  made,  available  for  agricul- 
tural purposes.  Of  these,  the  principal  are  the  plains  in  Ilawke'g 
Bay  on  the  east  coast,  the  Wairarapa  Plain  in  the  Wellington 
District,  and  a  strip  of  country  along  the  west  coast,  about  1250 
miles  in  length,  extending  from  a  point  about  thirty  miles  from  the 
City  of  Wellington  to  a  little  north  of  New  Plymouth.  The  largest 
plain  in  the  North  Island,  Kaingaroa,  extends  from  the  shore  of 
Lake  Taupo  in  a  oorth-north-eaatcrly  direction  to  the  sea-coast  in 
the  Bay  of  Plenty  ;  but  a  great  part  of  it  is  covered  with  pumice- 
sand,  and  is  unlit  for  tillage  or  pasture.  There  are  several  smaller 
plains  and  numerous  valleys  suitable  for  agriculture.     The  level  or 


€ 


PHYSICAL   FEATURES   OF   THE   NOBTH    ISLAND.  9 

QDdulating  country  la  this  Island  fi.t,  or  capable  o!  being  made 
&i^  for  agriculture  has  been  roughly  estimated  at  13,000,000 
acres.  This  includes  lands  now  covered  with  standing  forest,  and 
swamps  that  can  be  drained  ;  also  large  areas  of  clay-m  arl  and 
pumice-covered  land.  The  clay-marl  in  its  natural  state  is  cold 
and  uninviting  to  the  farmer,  but  under  proper  drainage  and  culti- 
ration  it  can  be  brought  to  a  high  state  of  productiveness.  This 
kind  of  land  is  generally  neglected  at  the  present  time,  as  settlers 
pn?Xer  soils  more  rapidly  remunerative  and  less  costly  to  work. 
The  larger  portion  of  the  North  Island  was  originally  covered 
ith  forest.  Although  the  area  of  bush  land  is  still  very  great, 
\l  year  by  year  the  amount  is  being  reduced,  chiefly  to  meet 
le  requirements  of  settlement,  the  trees  being  cut  down  and  burnt, 
and  grass* seed  sown  on  the  ashes  to  create  pasture.  Hilly  as  the 
country  is,  yet  from  the  nature  of  the  climate  it  is  especially  suited 
for  the  growth  of  English  grasses,  which  will  flourish  %vherever 
there  is  any  soil,  however  steep  the  land  may  be ;  once  laid  down 
in  grass  very  little  of  the  land  is  too  poor  to  supply  food  for  cattle 
and  sheep.  The  area  of  land  in  the  North  Island  deemed  purely 
pastoral  or  capable  of  being  made  so,  while  too  steep  for  agricul- 
tural purposes,  is  estimated  at  14.200,000  acres.  In  the  centre  of 
the  Island  is  a  lake,  about  twenty  miles  across  either  way,  called 
Taupo.  A  large  area  adjacent  to  the  lake  is  at  present  worthless 
pumice  country.  The  Waikato  River,  the  largest  in  the  North 
Island,  flows  out  of  the  north-eastern  corner  of  this  lake,  and  runs 
thence  north-westward  until  it  enters  the  ocean  a  little  distance 
south  of  the  Manukau  Harbour.  This  river  is  navigable  for  small 
steamers  for  about  a  hundred  miles  from  its  mouth.  The  Maori 
King-country,  occupied  by  Natives  who  for  several  years  isolated 
themselves  from  Europeans,  lies  between  Lake  Taupo  and  the 
western  coast.  The  River  Thames,  or  Waihou,  having  its  sources 
north  of  Lake  Taupo,  flows  northward  into  the  Firth  of  Thames, 
It  is  navigable  for  about  fifty  miles,  but  only  for  small  steamers. 
The  other  navigable  rivers  in  this  island  are  the  Wairoa  (Kaipara), 
the  Wanganui,  and  the  Manawatu,  the  two  last  of  which  flow 
towards  tbe  south-west  into  Cook  Strait. 

The  mountains  in  the  North  Island  are  estimated  to  occupy 
about  one-tenth  of  the  surface,  and  do  not  exceed  4,000  ft.  in 
height,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  volcanic  mountains  that  are  more 
lofty.     Of  these,  the  three  following  are  the  most  important : — 

1.  The  Tongariro  Mountain,  situated  to  the  southward  of  Lake 
Taupo.  It  consists  of  a  group  of  distinct  volcanic  cones,  the 
lava-streams  from  which  have  so  overlapped  in  their  descent  as 
to  form  one  compact  moontain-masa  at  the  base.  The  highest  oi 
these  cones  is  called  Ngauruhoe,  and  attains  an  elevation  of 
7,615  ft.  The  craters  of  Ngauiiihoe,  the  Eed  Crater  (6,140  ft.),  and  Te 
Mari  (4,990  ft.)  are  the  three  vents  from  which  the  latest  discharges 
^M  lava  have  taken  place,  the  most  recent  having  occurred  in  1868, 
^^■bese  craters  are  still  active,  steam  and  vapour  issuing  from  them 


10  NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    ^EAU-BOt>K, 

with  coDsiderabie  force  and  uoise,  the  vapours,  charged  with  puugent 
gaaes  and  acids,  making  it  dangerous  to  approach  too  near  the 
crater-Hp&. 

2.  Kuapehu,  This  mountain  lies  to  the  south  of  Ngauruhoe  and 
Tongariro,  It  is  a  volcanic  cone  in  the  solfatara  ^itage,  and  reaches 
the  height  of  9,008  ft.,  heing  in  part  considerably  above  the  line  of 
perpetual  snow.  The  most  remarkable  feature  of  this  mountain  is 
the  crater  lake  on  its  Bummit.  wliich  is  subject  to  slight  and  inter- 
mittent eruptions,  giving  rise  to  vast  i^uantities  of  steam.  In 
March,  1895,  such  an  eruption  took  place,  forming  a  few  hot  springs 
on  the  niargm  of  the  lake,  and  increasing  the  heat  in  the  lake 
itself.  This  lake  lies  at  the  bottom  of  a  funnel-shaped  crater,  the 
atcep  sides  of  which  are  mantled  with  ice  and  snow.  The  water  occu- 
pies a  circular  basin  about  500  ft.  in  diameter,  some  300ft.  below  the 
enclosing  pe^aks,  and  is  quite  inaccessible  except  by  the  use  of  ropes. 
This  lake,  and  the  three  craters  previously  mentioned  on  Tongariro> 
are  all  in  one  straight  line,  which,  if  produced,  would  pass  through  the 
boiling  springs  at  Tokaanii  on  the  southern  margin  of  Lake  Taupo, 
the  volcanic  country  north-east  of  that  lake,  and  White  Island^  an 
active  volcano  in  the  Bay  of  Plenty,  situated  about  tweuty*seven 
miles  from  the  mainland. 

3.  Mount  Egmont.  This  is  an  extinct  volcanic  cone,  rising 
to  a  height  of  8,260  ft.  The  upper  part  is  always  covered  with 
snow.  This  mountain  ia  situated  close  to  New  Plymouth,  and  is 
surrounded  by  one  of  the  most  fertile  districts  in  New  Zealand. 
Rising  from  the  plains  in  solitary  grandeur,  it  is  an  object  of  extreme 
beauty,  the  cone  being  one  of  the  most  perfect  in  the  world. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  area  of  mountain -tops  and  barren 
country  at  too  high  an  altitude  for  sheep,  and  therefore  worthless 
for  pastoral  purposes,  amounts,  in  the  North  Island,  to  300,000  acres. 

Without  a  doubt  the  hot  springs  form  the  most  remarkable 
feature  of  the  North  Island,  They  are  found  over  a  large  area,  ex- 
tending from  Tongariro,  south  of  Lake  Taupo»  to  Ohaeawai.  in  the 
extreme  north — a  distance  of  sonie  300  miles  ;  but  the  principal  seat 
of  hydi'otheruial  action  appears  to  be  in  the  neighbourhootl  of  Lake 
Rotor ua,  about  forty  miles  north -north -east  from  Lake  Taupo,  By 
the  destruction  of  the  famed  Pink  and  White  Terraces  and  of  Lake 
Rotomahana  during  the  eruption  of  Mount  Tarawera  on  the  10th 
June,  1886,  the  neighbourhood  has  been  deprived  of  attractions 
unique  in  character  and  of  unrivalled  beauty ;  but  the  natural 
features  of  the  country  —  the  numerous  lakes,  geysers,  and  hot 
springs,  some  of  which  possess  remarkable  curative  properties  in 
certain  complaints— are  still  very  attractive  to  tourists  and  invalids. 
The  world-wide  importance  of  conserving  this  region  as  a  sanatorium 
for  all  time  has  been  recognised  by  the  Government,  and  it  is  now 
dedicated  by  Act  of  Parliament  to  that  purpose. 

Notwithstanding  the  length  of  coast-line,  good  harbourB  in  the 
North  Island  ai'e  not  numerous.  Those  on  the  west  coast  north  of 
New  Plymouth  are  bar  harbours,  xinsuitable  for  large  vessels.     The 


f  FHYSICAL    PEATtTRBS   OF  THE    BAIDDtiE   ISLAND.  11 

pducipal  harbours  are  the  Waitemata  Harbour,  on  which  Auckland 
IS  situated — this  is  rather  a  deep  estuary  than  a  harbour ;  several 
excellent  havens  in  the  northern  peninsula;  and  Port  NichoUon, 
on  the  borders  of  which  Wellington  is  situated.  This  is  a  land* 
locked  harbour^  about  six  miles  across,  having  a  comparatively 
narrow  but  deep  entrance  from  the  ocean.  The  water  is  deep  nearly 
throughout. 

The  Cape  Colville  Peninsula  is  rich  in  gold-bearmg  quartz* 

Cook  Stbait. 

Cook  Strait  separates  the  North  and  Middle  Islands.    It  is  some 
en  miles  across  at  its  narrowest  part,  but  in  the  widest  about 
iy\     The  strait  is  invaluable  for  the  purpose  of  traffic  between 
di^erent  parts  of  the  colony.  j 

Physical  Features  of  thk  Middle  Island. 

The  extreme  length  of  the  Middle  Island,  from  Jackson's  Head, 
la  CrOok  Strait,  to  Puysegur  Point,  at  the  extreme  south-west,  is  about 
525  statute  miles  ;  the  greatest  distance  across  at  any  point  is  in 
Ota^'o  (the  southernmost)  District,  about  180  miles. 

The  Middle  Island  is  intersected  along  ahnost  its  entire  length 
by  a  range  of  mountams  known  as  the  Southern  Alps.  Some  of  the 
summits  reach  a  height  of  from  10,000  ft.  to  12^000  ft.,  Mount  Cook, 
the  highest  peak,  rising  to  12,349  ft. 

In  the  south,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  sounds  and  Lake 
Te  Anau,  there  are  many  magnificent  peaks,  which,  though  not  of 
great  height,  are,  owing  to  their  latitude,  nuarlv  all  crowned  with 
perpetual  ice  and  snow.  Further  north  the  mountains  increase  in 
tieight — Mount  Eamslaw,  at  Lake  Wakatipu ;  and  Mount  Aspiring, 
which  has  been  aptly  termed  the  New  Zealand  Matterhorn,  9,949  It. 
ID  heii^ht,  at  Lake  Wanaka.  Northward  of  this  again  are  Mount 
Cook  (or  Aorangi),  Mount  Sefton,  and  other  magiiiticent  peaks. 

For  beauty  and  grandeur  of  scenery  the  Southern  Alps  of  New 
Zealand  may  worthily  compare  with,  while  in  point  of  variety  they  are 
said  actually  to  surpass,  the  Alps  of  Switzerland.  In  New  Zealand 
few  of  the  mountains  have  been  scaled ;  many  of  the  peaks  and  most 
of  the  glaciers  are  as  yet  unnamed  ;  and  there  is  still  Jn  parts  of  the 
Middle  Island,  a  fine  field  for  exploration  and  discovery— geogra- 
phical, geological,  and  botanical.  The  wonders  of  the  Southern  Alps 
are  only  beginning  to  be  known;  but  the  more  they  are  known  the 
more  they  are  appreciated.  The  snow -line  in  New  Zealand  being 
flo  much  lower  than  in  Switzerland,  the  scenery,  though  the  moun- 
tains are  not  quite  so  high,  is  of  surpassing  grandeur. 

There  are  extensive  glaciers  on  both  sides  of  the  range,  those  1 
on  the  west  being  of  exceptional  beauty,  as,  from  the  greater  abrupt- 
neea  of  the  mountain-slopes  on  that  side,  they  descend  to  within 
about  700ft.  of  the  sea-level,  and  mto  the  midst  of  the  evergreen 
forest.  The  largest  glaciers  on  either  side  of  the  range  are  easily 
AOoessible. 


12 


NEW  ZEALAND  OFFICIAL  YEAR  BOOK. 


The  following   gives    the  sizes  of   some  of  the  glaciers  on  the 
easteru  slope : — 


Name. 


T&siQan 
Murcbison 
God  ley 
Mueller 
Ht>oker 


AreH^ 

LflDgtll 

areaktaet 

Averaea 

of  Glacier. 

of  OlaolAJT, 

Width, 

Width. 

AcroB. 

Ikllles    cb. 

3^  Ilea  cb. 

Miles  ch. 

13,eG4 

18       0 

2     14 

1     15 

5.800 

10     70 

1       5 

0     66 

5,312 

8       0 

1     55 

1      3 

3,200 

8       0 

U     61 

0     FtO 

a,4ic 

7     25 

0     61 

0    il 

The  AUetsch  Glacier  io  Switzerland,  according  to  Ball,  iii  the 
'*  Alpine  Guide,*'  has  ao  average  width  of  one  mile.  It  is  in  length 
and  width  ioferior  to  the  Tasmao  Glacier, 

Numerous  sounds  or  liorda  penetrate  the  south-western  coast. 
They  are  long,  narrow,  and  deep  (the  depth  of  water  at  the  upper 
part  of  Milford  Sound  is  l»270ft.,  although  at  the  entrance  only 
130  ft,),  surrounded  by  giant  mountains  clothed  with  foliage  to  the 
snow'line,  with  waterfalls,  glaciers,  and  snowfields  at  every  turn, 
Sorae  of  the  mountanis  rise  almost  precipitously  from  the  water's 
edge  to  5»000ft.  and  6,000  ft.  above  the  sea.  Near  Milford,  the 
finest  of  these  sounds,  is  the  great  Sutherland  Waterfall,  1,904  ft. 
high. 

The  general  surface  of  the  northern  portion  of  the  Middle  Island, 
comprising  the  Provincial  Districts  of  Nelson  and  Marlborough,  ia 
mountainous,  but  the  greater  part  is  suitable  for  grazing  purposes. 
There  are  some  line  valleys  and  small  plains  suitable  for  agriculture^ 
of  which  the  Wairau  Valley  or  Plain  is  the  largest.  Deep  sounds, 
extending  for  many  niiles,  break  the  coast*hne  abutting  on  Cook 
Strait.  The  City  of  Nelson  is  situated  at  the  hea*l  of  Blind  Bay, 
which  has  a  depth  inwards  from  Cook  Strait  of  about  forty  statute 
miles. 

The  Provincial  District  of  Canterbury  lies  to  the  south  of  the 
Marlborough  District,  and  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Island.  To- 
wards the  north  the  land  is  undulating  ;  then  there  is  a  stretch  of 
almost  perfectly  level  country  extending  towards  the  south-west 
160  miles,  after  which,  on  the  south,  the  country  js  undulating  as 
far  as  the  borders  of  the  Otago  District.  On  the  east  a  block  of 
hill  country  rises  abruptly  from  the  plain  and  extends  for  some  miles 
seaward.  This  ita  Banks  Peninsula,  contaiinng  several  good  harbours, 
the  principal  being  Port  Cooper,  on  the  north,  ou  which  is  situated 
Lyttelton,  the  chief  port  of  the  district :  the  harbour  of  Akaroa, 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  colony,  is  on  the  southern  coast  of  this 
^^    peninsula. 

^H  The  District  of  Otago  is,  on  the   whole,  mountainous,  but  has 

^H  many  fine  plains  and  valleys  suitable  for  tillage.  The  mountains^ 
r  except  towards  the  west  coast,  are  generally  destitute  of  timber, 
^^-    and  suitable  for  grazing  sheep.     There  are  goldJields  of  considerable 


STEWART    ISLAND. 


13 


the  iuterior  of  this  district.     The  inland  lakes  are  also 

kable  features.     Lake  Wakatipu  extends  over  fifty-four 

miles  in  length,  but  its  greatest  width  is  oofc  more  than  four  mlleB^ 
and  its  area  only  114  square  miles.  It  is  l»070ft,  above  sea-level, 
and  has  a  depth  varying  from  1,170  ft.  to  l»296ft.  Te  Anau  Lake  is 
mewhat  larger,  having  an  area  of  132  square  miles.  These  lakes 
bounded  on  the  west  by  broken,  mountainous,  and  wooded 
iuntr)%  extending  to  the  ocean. 
The  chief  harbours  in  Otago  are  Port  Chalmers,  at  the  head  of 
which  Punedin  is  situated,  and  the  Bluff  Harbour,  at  the  extreme 
south. 

The  District  of  Westland,  extending  along  the  west  coast  of  the 
Middle  Island,  abreast  of  Canterbury,  is  more  or  less  auriferous 
throughout.  The  western  slopes  oi  the  central  range  of  mountains 
are  clothed  with  forest  trees  to  the  snow-line ;  but  on  the  eastern 
side  timber  is  scarce,  natural  grasses  covering  the  ground. 

The  rivers  in  the  Middle  Island  are  for  the  most  part  mountain- 
rrents,  fed  by  glaciers  in  the  principal  mountain -ranges.  When 
le  snow  melts  they  rise  in  flood,  forming,  where  not  confined  by 
ky  walls,  beds  of  considerable  width,  generally  covered  by  enor- 
mous deposits  of  shingle.  The  largest  river  in  the  colony  as  regards 
volume  of  water  is  the  Clutha.  It  is  154  miles  in  length,  but  is 
only  navigable  for  boats  or  small  river-steamers  for  about  thirty 
miles.  The  Rivers  Buller,  Grey»  and  Hokitika,  on  the  west  coast, 
are  navigable  for  a  short  distance  from  their  mouths.  They  form 
the  only  ports  in  the  Westland  District.  In  their  unimproved  state 
they  admitted,  owing  to  the  bars  at  their  mouths,  none  but  vessels  of 
Email  draught ;  but,  in  consequence  of  the  importance  of  the  Grey 
aod  Buller  Kivers  as  the  sole  ports  available  for  the  coal-export 
trade,  large  harbour- works  have  been  undertaken,  resulting  in  the 
deepening  of  the  beds  of  these  rivers,  and  giving  a  depth  of  from 
ft.  to  26  ft.  of  water  on  the  bar. 

The  ai'ea  of  level  or  undulating  land  in  the  Middle  Island  avail* 

ble  for  agriculture  is  estimated  at  about  15,000,000  acres.     About 

il3»000,000  ai*e  suitable  for  pastoral  purposes  only,  or  may  become 

so  when  cleared  of  forest  and  sown  with  grass-seed.     The  area  of 

barren   land   and  mountain-tops   is   estimated   at   about   9,000,000 

acres. 

Stbwakt  Island. 

Foveaux  Strait  separates  the  Middle  from  Stewart  Island.     This 
si  island  has  an  area  of  only  425,390  acres. 
Stewart    Island   is   a   great    tourist  resort  during   the   summer 
'months,  and  is  easily  reached  by  steamer  from  the  Bluff,  distant 
about  25  miles. 

The  principal  peak  is  Mount  Anglem,  3,200  ft,  above  sea-leveU 
which  has  an  extmct  crater  at  its  summit.  Most  of  the  island  is 
rugged  and  forest-clad;  the  climate  is  mild,  frost  being  seldom  ex* 
grienced;  and  the  soil,  when  cleared  of  bush,  is  fertile. 


I 


pl4  NEW    ZBALAND   OPFlCIAIi   YBAK-BOOK,  H 

The  chief  attracfcions  are  the  numerous  bays  and  fiords.  Paterson 
Inlet  ia  a  magnificeni  sheet  of  water,  about  ten  miles  by  four  miles, 
situated  close  to  Half-moon  Bay,  the  principal  port,  where  over  iwo 
hundred  people  live.  Horseshoe  Bay  and  Port  William  are  within 
easy  reach  of  Half- moon  Bay.  Port  Pegasus,  a  land-locked  sheet 
of  water  about  eight  miles  by  a  mile  aod  a  half,  is  a  very  fine 
harbour.  At  **  The  Neck  "  (Paterson  Inlet)  there  is  a  Native  settle* 
ment  of  Maoris  and  half-castes.  The  bush  is  generally  very 
dense,  with  thick  undergrowth.  Rata,  black-pine,  white- pine,  miro, 
and  totara  are  the  principal  timber  trees.  Fish  are  to  be  had  in 
great  abundance  and  variety ;  oysters  form  an  iinportaot  industry. 
Wild  pigeonSj  ducks,  and  mutton-birds  are  plentiful 

I  The  Outlyino  Islands, 

[  The  outlying  group  of  the  Chatham  Islands,  480  statute  miles 
east-south-east  from  Wellington,  and  536  miles  eastward  of  Lyt- 
telton^  consists  of  two  principal  islands  and  several  unimportant 
islets.  The  largest  island  contains  about  222,490  acres,  of  which  an 
irregular-shaped  lake  or  lagoon  absorbs  45,960  acres.  About  one- 
quarter  of  the  surface  of  the  land  is  covered  with  forest,  the  rest 
with  fern  or  grass.  The  hills  nowhere  rise  to  a  great  height.  Pitt 
Island  is  the  next  in  size ;  the  area  is  15,330  acres.  The  greater 
portion  of  both  islands  is  used  for  grazing  sheep. 

The  Kermadeo  Group  of  islands,  four  in  number,  is  situated 
betweeu  29^  10'  aud  31*^  30'  south  latitude,  and  between  177"  45' 
and  179"^  west  longitude-  They  are  named  Raoul  or  Sunday  Island, 
Macaulay  Island,  Curtis  Islands,  and  L*Esperance  or  French  Rock, 
The  principal  island,  Sunday,  is  600  miles  distant  from  Auckland. 
The  islands  are  volcanic,  and  in  two  of  thern  signs  of  activity  are 
still  to  be  seen.  The  rainfall  is  plentiful,  but  not  excessive.  The 
climate  is  mild  and  equable,  and  slightly  warmer  than  the  north 
of  New  Zealand.  The  following  are  the  areas  of  the  islands  and 
islets  of  the  group:  Sunday  Island,  7,200  acres;  Herald  group  of 
islets,  85  acres ;  Macaulay  Island,  764  acres ;  Curtis  I8land8»  126 
acres  aud  19  acres ;  L'Esperance,  12  acres :  total,  8,208  acres, 
Sunday  Island  is  twenty  miles  ia  circumference,  roughly  triangular 
in  shape,  and  at  the  highest  point  1,723  ft.  above  the  sca-levei»  It 
is  rugged  and  broken  over  a  very  large  extent  of  its  surface^  and, 
except  in  a  few  places,  covered  with  forest.  The  soil  everywhere 
on  the  island  is  very  rich,  being  formed  by  the  decomposition 
of  a  dark-ccloured  pumiceous  tuff  and  a  black  andesitic  lava,  with 
which  is  closely  mixed  a  fine  vegetable  mould.  The  great  luxuriance 
and  richness  of  the  vegetation  bear  witness  to  the  excellence  of 
the  soil,  which  is  everywhere — except  where  destroyed  by  eruptions^ 
and  on  the  steep  chffs — the  same  rich  loam.  Want  of  water  is  one 
of  the  drawbacks.  Three  of  the  four  lakes  on  the  island  are  fresh, 
but  so  difficult  of  approach  as  to  be  practically  useless. 

The  AuoKLAKD  Islands  are  about  290  miles  south  of  Bluff  Har- 
bour, their  position  being  given  on  the  Admiralty  chart  as  latitude 


THE  OUTLYING   ISLAKD8.  16 

SXrSr  29*  8.,  and  longitude  166'^  19'  12"  E.  They  have  several 
good  harbours.  Port  Ross,  at  the  north  end  of  the  principal  island, 
was  described  by  the  eminent  French  commander,  D'Urville,  as 
one  of  the  best  harbours  of  refuge  in  the  known  world.  At  the 
southern  end  of  the  island  there  is  a  through  passage  extending 
from  the  east  to  the  west  coast.  It  has  been  variously  named 
Adams  Strait  and  Carnley  Harbour,  and  forms  a  splendid  sheet  of 
water.  The  largest  of  the  islands  is  about  27  miles  long  by  about 
15  miles  broad,  and  is  very  mountainous,  the  highest  part  being 
about  2,000  ft.  above  the  sea.  The  west  coast  is  bold  and  pre- 
cipitous, but  the  east  coast  has  several  inlets.  The  wood  on  the 
island  \s,  owing  to  the  strong  prevailing  %vind,  scrubby  in  character. 
The  New  Zealand  Govern  inent  main  tains  at  this  island  a  depot 
of  provisions  and  clothing  for  the  use  of  shipwrecked  mariners. 

TheC*oOK  Islands,  with  others  now  included  within  the  extended 
boundaries  of  the  colony,  are  as  under* : — 

Rabotonoa  (Cook  Group) :  A  magnificent  island,  rising  to  a 
height  of  3,000  ft.,  clothed  to  the  tops  of  the  mountains  with  splendid 
Yegetaiion.  It  has  abundant  streams,  considerable  tracts  of  sloping 
land,  and  rich  alluvial  valleys.     The  two  harbours  are  poor. 

Manoaia,  the  south-easternmost  of  the  Cook  Group,  is  of 
volcanic  origin,  and  about  thirty  miles  in  circumference.  The 
productions,  which  are  numerous  and  cheap,  are  obtained  by 
assiduous  labour. 

Atid  (Cook  Group)  resembles  Mangaia  in  appearance  and  extent. 
It  is  a  mere  bank  of  conil,  10  ft,  or  12  ft.  high,  steep  and  ragged, 
eicept  where  there  are  small  sandy  beaches  and  some  clefts,  where 
the  ascent  is  gradual. 

AlTUTAKi  (Cook  Group)  presents  a  most  fruitful  appearance,  its 
sb<»res  being  bordered  by  flat  land,  on  which  are  innumerable  cocoa- 
QQt  and  other  trees,  the  higher  ground  being  beautifully  interspersed 
wich  lawns.     It  is  eighteen  miles  in  circuit. 

Maukb  or  Parry  Island  (Cook  Group)  is  a  low  island ;  it  is  aboul 
two  miles  in  diameter,  well  wooded,  and  inhabited. 

MiTiARO  (Cook  Group)  is  a  low  island,  from  three  to  four  miles 
long  and  one  mile  wide. 

Hervey  Islands  (Cook  GroupJ :  This  group  consists  of  two 
Is,  surrounded  by  a  reef,  whicli  may  be  10^  miles  in  oircum- 

NitTE,  or  Savage  Island,  lying  east  of  the  Friendly  Islands,  is  a 
coral  island,  thirty-six  miles  in  circun\  fere  nee,  rising  to  a  height  of 
200  ft.     It  has  the  usual  tropical  productions. 

Palmerston  Island,  lying  about  500  miles  east  of  Niue  and 
about  220  from  the  nearest  island  of  the  Cook  Group  (Aitutaki),  id 
lemarkable  as  the  ''  San  Pablo  "  of  Magellan,  the  first  island  dis- 
covered in  the  South  Bea.  It  has  no  harbour.  The  soil  is  fairly 
f^tile^  and  there  is  some  good  hardwood  timber. 

'Notee   OD  Aniieitd   Ifil&oda  " ;    following  deeonpiiorifl   of 


I 


16  NEW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   YBAB-BOOK.  ^^1 

Penrhyn  Island  (Tongareva)  lies  about  300  miles  north-east  of 
Manahiki,  It  is  one  of  the  most,  famous  pearl  islands  in  the  Pacific, 
and  there  is  a  splendid  harbour,  a  lagoon  wiib  two  entrances,  tit  for 
ships  of  any  size. 

Manahiki,  lying  about  400  miles  eastward  of  Danger  Island^is  an 
atoll,  about  thirty  miles  in  circumference,  valuable  from  the  extent 
of  the  cocoanut  groves.  The  interior  lagoon  contains  a  vast  deposit 
of  pearl-shell. 

Eakaanqa  is  an  atoil,  three  miles  in  length  and  of  equal 
breadth. 

Danger  Island  (Pukapuka) :  Next  to  the  10th  parallel,  but 
rather  north  of  the  latitude  of  the  Navigators,  and  east  of  them 
are  a  number  of  small  atolls.  Of  these,  the  nearest  to  the  Samoan 
Group — about  600  miles — is  Danger  Island »  bearing  north-west  of 
Suwarrow  al>out  250  miles. 

SuwARKow  Island  has  one  of  the  best  harbours  in  the  Pacific. 
It  lies  about  500  miles  east  of  Apia,  the  capital  of  ihe  Samoan  Group. 
It  is  a  coral  atoll,  of  a  triangular  form,  fifty  miles  in  circumference, 
the  reef  having  an  average  width  of  half  a  mile  across,  enclosing  a 
land-locked  lagoon  twelve  miles  by  eight,  which  forms  an  excellent 
harbour.  The  entrance  is  half  a  mile  wide,  and  the  accommoda- 
tion permits  of  ships  riding  in  safety  in  all  weathers,  with  depths  of 
from  three  to  thirty  fathoms.  It  is  out  of  the  track  of  hurricanes, 
uninhabited,  but  capable  by  its  fertility  of  supporting  a  small  popu- 
lation. As  a  depot  for  the  collection  of  trade  from  the  various 
islands  it  ought  to  be  very  valuable. 

Constitution. 

British  sovereignty  was  proclaimed  over  New  Zealand  in  January, 
1840,  and  the  country  became  a  dependency  of  New  Sooth  Wales 
until  the  3rd  May,  1841,  when  it  was  made  a  separate  colony.  The 
seat  of  Governmeot  was  at  Auckland,  and  the  Executive  included 
the  Governor »  and  three  gentlemen  holding  office  as  Colonial  Secre- 
tary, Attorney-General,  and  Colonial  Treasurer. 

The  successors  of  these  gentlemen,  appointed  in  August,  I841« 
May,  1842,  and  January,  1844,  respectively,  continued  in  office  until 
the  establishment  of  Responsible  Government  on  the  7th  May;  1856. 
Only  one  of  them — Mr.  Swainson,  the  Attorney* General — sat  as  a 
member  of  the  fii^t  General  Assembly,  opened  on  the  27th  May, 
1864.  During  the  session  of  that  year  there  were  associated  with 
the  permanent  membei^s  of  the  Executive  Council  certain  members 
of  the  General  Assembly.     These  latter  held  no  portfolios. 

The  Government  of  the  colony  was  at  first  vested  in  the 
Governor,  who  was  responsible  only  to  the  Crown ;  but  in  1852 
an  Act  granting  representative  institutions  to  the  colony  was 
passed  by  the  Imperial  Legislature.  Under  it  the  constitution  of 
a  General  Assembly  for  the  whole  colony  was  provided  for,  to 
consist  of  a  Legislative  Council,  the  members  of  which  were  to  be 
nominated  by  the  Governor,  and  of  an  elective  House  of  Eepresenta- 


PUBLIC  LIBHAnV 


A8T0h.  LENOX   AND        t 

TILDEN    ^Onr    -A- 


tiree.  The  first  session  of  the  General  Assembly  was  opened  on  the 
27th  May,  1854,  hut  the  members  of  the  Executive  were  not  respon- 
Bible  to  Parhament.  The  first  Ministers  untier  a  system  of  Respon 
Bible  Government  were  appointed  in  the  year  1856.  By  the  Act 
of  1852  the  colony  was  divided  into  six  provinces,  each  to  be 
preaided  over  by  an  elective  Superintendent,  and  to  have  an  elective 
Rrovincial  Council,  empowered  to  legislate,  except  on  certain  specified 
stibject&.  The  franchise  amounted  practically  to  household  sufifrage* 
In  eiwh  case  the  election  was  for  four  years,  but  a  dissolution  of  the 
Provincial  Council  by  the  Governor  could  take  place  at  any  time, 
DecessitatiDg  a  fresh  election  both  of  the  Council  and  of  the  Superin- 
tendent, The  Superintendent  was  chosen  by  the  whole  body  of 
electors  of  the  province ;  each  member  of  the  Provincial  Council 
by  the  electors  of  a  district.  The  Provincial  Governments^  after- 
waids  increased  to  nine,  remained  as  integral  parts  of  the  Con- 
stitotion  of  the  colony  until  the  1st  November,  1876,  when  they 
were  abolished  by  an  Act  of  the  General  Assembly,  that  body  having 
been  vested  with  the  power  of  altering  the  Constitution  Act.  On 
Ihe  same  day  an  Act  of  the  General  Assembly  which  subdi\ided  the 
oolony  (exclusive  of  the  areas  included  within  munici  pah  ties)  into 
counties,  and  established  a  system  of  local  couoty  government,  came 
ioto  force. 

GOVEKKMENT. 

The  Governor  is  appointed  by  the  King.     His  salary  is  £5,000 
I  year,  wilb  an  anntial  allowance  of  £1,500  on  account  of  his  esta- 
Bhment^  and   of  £500  for  travellmg-expenses,  provided  by  the 
riony. 

Members  of  the  Legislative  Council  hold  their  seats  under  writs 
BQmmons  from  the  Governor.  Till  the  year  1891  the  appoint- 
*liiefit&  were  for  life  ;  but  in  September  of  that  year  an  Act  was  passed 
making  appointments  after  that  time  tenable  for  seven  years  only, 
Ihoagb  Councillors  may  be  reappointed.  In  either  case  seats  may 
be  vacated  by  resignation  or  extended  absence.  One  member  of 
the  Council  is  an  aboriginal  native  chief. 

The  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  are  elected  for 
years  from  the  time  of  each  general  election  ;  but  at  any  tima 
,  dissolation  of  Parliament  by  the  Governor  may  reader  a  general 
pelection  necessary.     Four  of  the  members  are  representatives  of 
tfative  constituencies.     For  the  purposes  of  European  representa- 
tion the  colony  is  divided  into  seventy-six  electoral  districts,  each 
returning  one  member.     The  full  nun*ber  of  members  composing  the 
House  of  Representatives  is  thus  eighty.     Members  of  the  House i 
of  Representatives  are  chosen  by  the  votes  of  the  inhabitants  iti>] 
every  electoral  district  appointed  for  that  pui-pose.     No  person  who,^ 
being  a  bankrupt  within  the  meaning  of   *'  The  Bankruptcy  Act, 
189'2/*  has  not  obtained  an  order  of  discharge  under  that  Act  shall 
be  quaiiOed  to  be  nominated  as  a  candidate  for  election,  or  to  be 
elected,  or  to  take  his  seat  as  a  member  of  the  House  of  Rtspresenta- 
lives,  anything  in  any  other  Act  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 


w 


NEW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 


In  1889  an  amendinent  of  the  Representation  Act  was  passed, 

which  eoDtained  a  pro\nsion  prohibiting  any  elector  frotn  giving  hia 

vote  in  respect  of  more  than  one  electorate  at  any  election.     *'  The 

-      Electoral  Act,   1893,"  extended  to  women  of  both  races  the  right 

I     kn  FR^ister  as  electors*  and  to  vole  at  the  elections  for  members  of 

I     the  House  of  Representatives.     The  qualification  for  registration  is 

I     che  same  for  both  sexes.     No  person  is  entitled  to  be  registered  on 

more  than  one  electoral  roll  within  the  colony.     Women  are  not 

qualified  to  he  elected  as  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

I      The  electoral  laws  are  the  suhject  of  special  comment  further  on 

I      in  this  work.     Every  man  registered  as  an  elector,  and  not  specially 

I      excepted  by  the  Electoral  Act  now  in  force,  is  qualified  to  be  elected 

I      a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  for  any   electoral   dis- 

I      trict.     For  European  representation  every  adult  person,  if  resident 

I     one  year  in  the  colony  and  three  months  in  one  electoral  district, 

I     can  be  registered   as  an  elector.      Freehold   property  of  the  value 

■  of    £25    held  for   six   months   preceding    the   day   of    registration 
until  1896  entitled  a  man  or  woman  to  register,  if  not  previously 

■  registered  under  the  residential  qualification  ;  but  the  Amendment 
I  Act  of  1896  abolished  the  property  qualification  (except  in  case  of 
I  existing  registrations),  and  residence  alone  now  entitles  a  man  or 
I     woman  to  have  his  or  her  name  placed  upon  an  electoral  roll.     For 

Maori  representation  every  adult  Maori  resident  in  any  Maori  elec- 
toral district  (of  which  there  are  four  only  in  the  colony)  can  vote. 
Begistration  is  not  required  in  Native  districts.  [The  above  pro- 
visions are  now  incorporated  in  "  The  Electoral  Act,  1905,**  which 
consolidates  the  electoral  laws,  with  such  amendments  a^  were 
found  necessary.] 

I  Thb  Skat  of  Government. 

I  Up  to  the  year  1865  the  seat  of  Government  of  New  Zealand 

"  was  at  Auckland,  Several  attempts  were  made  by  members  of 
Parliament,  by  motions  in  the  Legislative  Council  and  House  of 
Representatives,  to  have  it  removed  to  some  more  central  place; 
but  it  was  not  until  November,  1863,  that  Mr.  Domett  (the  then 
ex -Premier)  was  successful  in  carrying  resolutions  in  the  House  of 
Hepresentatives  that  steps  should  be  taken  for  appointing  some 
place  in  Cook  Stnut  as  the  permanent  seat  of  Government  in  the 
colony,  The  resolutions  adopted  were  :  **  (1.)  That  it  has  become 
necessary  that  the  seat  of  GovernniGnt  in  the  colony  should  be 
transferred  to  some  suitable  locality  in  Cook  Strait.  (2.)  That,  in 
order  to  promote  the  acconiplishment  of  this  object,  it  is  desirable 
^^  that  tlie  selection  of  the  particular  site  in  Cook  Strait  should  be  left 
^H  to  the  arbitrament  of  an  impartial  tribunal.  (3.)  That,  with  this 
^W  view,  a  Bill  should  be  introduced  to  give  effect  to  the  above  reaolu- 
m  kions."     On  the  26th  November  an  address  was  presented  to  the 

I  Governor,  Sir  George  Grey,  K.C.B.,  by  the  Commons  of  New  Zea- 

I  lan<i,  requesting  that  the  Governors  of  the  Colonies  of  New  South 

I  Wales,  Victoria,  and  Tasmania,  might  each  be  asked  to  appoint  one 


SUCCE881VE   OOVBKNOKB. 


19 


Commissioner  for  the  purpose  of  deteritiiniug  the  best  site  in  Cook 
Strait.  Accordingly,  the  Hon.  Joseph  Docker,  M,L,C.,  Now  South 
Vales ;  the  Hon.  Sir  Francis  Murphy,  Speaker  of  the  Legislative 
CoiiDCil«  Yictoria;  and  B,  C.  Guun,  Esq.,  Tasmania,  were  appointed 
Cotxunissioners. 

These  gentlemen,  having  made  a  personal  inspection  of  all  suit* 
able  places^  arrived  at  the  unanimous  decision  "  that  Wellington,  in 
Port  Nicholson,  was  the  site  upon  the  shores  of  Cook  Strait  which 
preeeated  the  greatest  advantages  for  the  adtmnistratiuu  of  the 
government  of  the  colony/* 

The  seat  of  Government  was,  therefore,  in  accordance  with  the 
recomiuendation  of  the  Commissioners,  removed  to  Wellington  in 
February,  IB60. 

Public  Wokks. 

Nearly  all  the  public  works  of  New  Zealand  are  in  the  hands  of 
the  Government  of  the  colony,  and  in  the  early  days  they  simply 
k^t  pace  with  the  spread  of  settlement.  In  1870|  however,  a  great 
impetos  was  given  to  the  progress  of  the  whole  country  by  the 
inauguration  of  the  **  Pubhc  Works  and  Immigration  Policy/*  which 
fifovided  for  carrying  out  works  in  advance  of  settlement*  Railways, 
roads,  and  water-races  were  constructed,  and  immigration  was  con- 
ducted on  a  large  scale.  As  a  consequence,  the  population  increased 
from  267,000  in  1871  to  501,000  in  1881,  and  to  382,462  in  Decem- 
ber^ 1905  ;  besides  whom  there  were  43.143  Maoris,  and  also  12,292 
persons  residing  m  the  Cook  and  other  Pacific  Islands  within  the 
eitended  boundaries  of  the  colony. 


SUCCESSIVE  GOVERNORS. 

BtfOCBflSION    OF    GOVKHNORS   OP    NeW    ZEALAND,    AND    THE    DaTES    ON 
WHICH   THEY    ASSUMED    AND    RETIRED    FROM    THE    GOVERNMENT. 

Captain    William    Hobson,    B.N.,    from   Jan.,  1840,   to  10  Sept., 
1^2. 

[British  iovorei^ty  wtts  proclaimed  by  Gapti^ij]  Hobson  in  January, 
1840,  and  New  Zealand  became  a  dependency  of  the  Colony  of  New 
South  W&loH  until  3rd  May,  1641,  at  which  date  it  was  proclaimed  a 
separate  colony.  From  Januar>',  18i0,  to  May,  1841,  Captain  Hobnon 
WAa  Lieutenant 'Governor  of  New  Zealand  under  Sir  George  Gipp6, 
Goyumor  of  New  South  VValoa,  and  from  May,  18il,  Governor  of  New 
Zealand  ;  the  8«at  of  Govornment  being  at  Auckland,  where  he  died  in 
September^  1842.  From  the  time  of  Governor  Hobson'a  death,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1B42,  until  the  arrival  of  Governor  Fit^roy,  in  December,  1843^ 
the  Government  was  carried  on  by  the  Colonial  Secretary,  Lieutenant 
Shortland.] 
Laeuieoant  Shortland.  AdHjinietrator,  from   10  Sept.,  1842,  to  26 

Dec,  1843. 
Captain    Robert   Fitzroy,  R.N.,  from  26  Dec,   1843,  to  17  Nov., 
1845, 


20 


SEW    ZEALAKD    OFFICIAL    YEAR-BOOK. 


Captain  Grey  (became  Sir  George  Grey,  K.C*B.^  in  1848),  from   18 
Nov.,  1845,  to  31  Dec,  1853. 

[Gftptftin  Grey  held  the  commiBBion  aa  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the 
colony  until  the  1st  January,  1848,  when  he  was  swoni  in  as  Governor- 

^m  in  Chief  over  the  Islands  of  New  Zealand,  and  as  Governor  of  the  Pro* 

^ft  vince  of  New  Ulster  and  Governor  of  the  Province  of  New  Munsier* 

H  After  the  passing  of  the  New   Zealand   Constitution  Act,  Sir  George 

^M  Grey  was,  on  th©  13th   September,   1852»   appointed  Governor  of  the 

^M  colony,  the  duties  of  which  o£!]ce  he  assumed  on  the  Tth  March,  1853, 

H  In  August,  1847,  Mr,  E.  J.  Eyre  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Governor  of 

H  New  Munster  :  he  was  sworn  in,  28th  January,  1848,     On  3r^  January^ 

^m  1848,   Major -General   George   Dean   Pitt   was   appointed   Lieutenant- 

^K  Governor  of  New  Ulster:  he  was  sworn  In^  14th  February,  1848;  died* 

^m  8th    January.   1851  ;   and   was   succeeded   as   Lieutenant  Governor  by 

H  Lieutenant -Colonel  Wyn3-ard,  appointed  14th   April,  1861;  sworn  in, 

^1  26th  April,  1&51.     The  duties  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor  ceased  on  the 

H  assumption  by  Sir  George  Grey  of  the  office  of  Governor,  on  the  7tb 

■  March.  1853.] 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Robert   Henry  Wynyard,  C,B.,  Administrator, 

from  3  Jan.,  1854,  to  6  Sept.,  1855. 
Colonel  Thomas  Gore  Browne,  C.B,,  from  6  Sept.,  1855,  to  2  Oct., 

1861. 
Sir  George  Grey,  K.C.B.,  AdminiBtrator,  from   3  Oct.,  1861 ;    Go. 

vernor,  from  4  Dec  1361,  to  5  Feb.,  1868. 
Sir  George  Ferguson  Boweu,  G.C.M.G.,  from  5  Feb.,  1868,  to  19 

Mar.,  1873. 
Sir  George  Alfred  Arney,  Chief  Justice,  Administrator,  from  21  Mar. 

to  14  June,  1873. 
Sir  James  Fergosson,  Baronet,  P.O.,  from  14  June,  1873,  to  3  Dec, 

1874. 
The  Marquis  of  Noromnbv,  P.G.,  G,C.M,G.,   Adtninistrator,  from 

3  Doc,  1874 ;  Governor,  from  9  Jan.,  1875,  to  21  Feb.,  1879. 
James   Prendergast,    Esquire,    Chief    Justice,    Administrator,   from 

21  Feb.  to  27  Mar,,  1879. 
Sir  Hercules  George  Robert  Robinson,   G.C.M.G.,    Administrator, 

from  27  Mar.,  1879;  Governor,  from  17  April,  1879,  to  8  Sept., 

1880. 
James   Prendergast,    Esquire,   Chief   Justice,    Administrator,    from 

9  Sept.  to  29  Nov.,  1880. 
The   Honourable   Sir   Arthur   Hamilton    Gordon,    G.C.M.G,,    from 

29  Nov.,  1880,  to  23  June,  1882. 
Sir  James  Prendergast,  Chief  Justice,  Administrator,  from  24  June, 

1882.  to  20  Jan.,  1883. 
lieutenant  *  General    Sir    William    Francis     Drummond    Jervois, 

G.C.M.G.,  C.B..  from  20  Jan.,  1883,  to  22  Mar.,  1889. 
Sir  James  Prendergast,  Chief  Justice,  Administrator,  from  23  Mar, 

to  2  May,  1889, 
The  Earl  of  Onslow,   G.C.M,G„  from   2   May,  1889,  to  24   Feb., 

1892. 
Sir  James  Prendergast,  Chief  Justice,  Administrator,  from  25  Feb,, 

to  6  Juue,  1892. 


SUPREME    OOUBT  JUDGES.  21 

The  Earl  of  Glasgow,  G.C.M.G.,  from  7  June,  1892,  to  6  Feb.,  1897. 
Sir  James  Prendergast,  Chief  Justice,  Administrator,  from  8  Feb., 

1897.  to  9  Aug.,  1897. 
The  Earl  of  Ranfurly,  G.C.M.G.,  from  10  Aug.,  1897,  to  19  June, 

1904. 
The  Right  Honourable  William  Lee,  Baron  Plunket,  K.C.M.G.,  from 

20  June,  1904. 


SUPREME  COURT  JUDGES. 

Supreme  Court  Judges,  past  and  present,  with  Dates  of 
Appointment,  and  of  Resignation  or  Death. 

Sir  W.  Martin,  appointed  Chief  Justice,  10  Jan.,  1842.  Resigned, 
12  June,  1867. 

H.  8.  Chapman,  appointed,  26  Dec,  1843.  Held  office  until  March, 
1852.     Reappointed,  23  Mar.,  1864.     Resigned,  31  Mar.,  1875. 

S.  Stephen,  appointed,  30  July,  1850.  Appointed  Acting  Chief 
Justice,  20  Oct.,  1855.     Died,  13  Jan.,  1858. 

Daniel  Wakefield,  appointed,  Oct.,  1855.     Died,  Oct.,  1857. 

Hon.  H.  B.  Gresson,  appointed  temporarily,  8  Dec,  1857.  Per- 
manently, 1  July,  1862.     Resigned,  31  Mar.,  1875. 

Sir  G.  A.  Arney,  appointed  Chief  Justice,  1  Mar.,  1858.  Resigned » 
31  Mar.,  1875. 

i.  J.  Johnston,  appointed,  2  Nov.,  1858.     Died,  1  June,  1888. 

C.  W.  Richmond,  appointed,  20  Oct.,  1862.     Died,  3  Aug.,  1895. 

J.  S.  Moore,  appointed  temporarily,  15  May,  1866.  Relieved,  30 
June,  1868. 

C.  D.  R.  Ward,  appointed  temporarily,  1  Oct.,  1868.  Relieved, 
May,  1870.  Appointed  temporarily,  21  Sept.,  1886.  Relieved, 
12  Feb.,  1889. 

Sir  J.  Prendergast,  appointed  Chief  Justice,  1  April,  1875.  Re- 
signed, 25  May,  1099. 

T.  B.  Gillies,  appointed,  3  Mar.,  1875.     Died,  26  July,  1889. 

J.  S.  Williams,  appointed,  3  Mar.,  1875. 

J.  E.  Denniston,  appointed,  11  Feb.,  1889. 

E.  T.  Conolly,  appointed,  19  Aug.,  1889.     Resigned,  9  Sept.,  1903. 

Hon.  Sir  P.  A.  Buckley,  K.C.M.G.,  appointed,  20  Dec,  1895. 
Died,  18  May,  1896. 

W.  B.  Edwards,  appointed,  11  July,  1896. 

P.  W.  Pennefather,  appointed  temporarily,  25  April,  1898.  Re- 
signed, 24  April,  1899. 

Hon.  Sir  Robert  Stout,  K.C.M.G.,  appointed  Chief  Justice,  22  June, 
1899. 

J.  C.  Martin,  Acting  Judge,  appointed,  12  April,  1900.  Resigned, 
4  Dec,  1900. 


NEW   ZEALAND  OFFICIAL  YEAB-BOOK. 


Theophilus  Cooper,  appointed,  21  Feb.,  1901. 
F.  E.  Chapman,  appointed,  11  Sept.,  1903. 


EXECUTIVE  COUNCIL,  1843-56. 

Membebb  of  the  Executive   Council  of  the  Colony  of  New 
Zealand  pbevioub   to  the   Establishment  of   Besponsiblb 

GOVEBNMENT    (NOT    INCLUDING   THE    OfFIOEBS   COMMANDING    THE 
FOBOES). 

Willoughby  Shortland,  Colonial  Secretary,  from  3  May,  1841,  to 

31  Dec,  1843 ;  succeeded  by  Mr.  Sinclair. 
Francis  Fisher,  Attorney-General,  from  3  May  to  10  Aug.,  1841 ; 

succeeded  by  Mr.  Swainson. 
George  Cooper,  Colonial  Treasurer,  from  3  May,  1841,  to  9  May, 

1842  ;  succeeded  by  Mr.  Shepherd. 
William  Swainson,  Attorney-General,  from  10  Aug.,  1841,  to  7  May, 

1866. 
Alexander  Shepherd,  Colonial  Treasurer,  from  9  May,  !1 842,  to  7  May, 

1856. 
Andrew  Sinclair,  Colonial  Secretary,  from  6  Jan.,  1844,  to  7  May, 
1856. 

[The  three  gentlemen  last  mentioned  were  nominated  by  Her  late 
Majesty  as  ex  officio  members  of  the  Executive  Council.  Two  of  them, 
the  Colonial  Secretary  and  the  Colonial  Treasurer,  were  not  members  of 
the  General  Assembly,  opened  for  the  first  time  27th  May,  1854,  but 
all  three  remained  in  office  until  the  establishment  of  Responsible 
Government.] 

James  Edward  FitzGerald,  M.H.R.,  without  portfolio,  from  14  June 

to  2  Aug.,  1854. 
Henry  Sewell,  M.H.B.,  without  portfolio,  from  14  June  to  2  Aug., 

1854. 
Frederick  Aloysius  Weld,  M.H.R.,  without  portfolio,  from  14  June 

to  2  Aug.,  1854. 
Francis  Dillon  Bell,  M.L.C.,  without  portfolio,  from  30  June  to  11 

July,  1854. 
Thomas  Houghton  Hartley,  M.L.C.,  without  portfolio,  from  14  July 

to  2  Aug.,  1854. 
Thomas  Spencer  Forsaith,  M.H.B.,  without  portfolio,  from  31  Aug. 

to  2  Sept.,  1854. 
Edward  Jerningham  Wakefield,    M.H.R.,  without  portfolio,  from 

31  Aug.  to  2  Sept.,  1854. 
William  Thomas  Locke  Travers,  M.H.R.,  without  portfolio,  31  Aug. 

to  2  Sept.,  1854. 
James  Macandrew,  M.H.R.,  without  portfolio,  from  31  Aug.  to  2 

Sept.,  1854. 


PARLIAMENTS. 


23 


PARLIAMENTS. 

NUMBEB     OF     PABLIAlfENTS     SINCE     THE     CONSTITUTION    ACT    PASSED 
FOB      CONFBBBINO      REPRESENTATIVE      INSTITUTIONS      UPON     THE 

Coix)NT  OP  New  Zealand,  with  the  Dates  op  Opening  and 
Closino  op  Sessions  and  Dates  op  Dissolution. 


parliament. 


Date  of  Opening  of 
Sessions. 


Date  of  Prorogation. 


Flnl  (disaolTed    15th    September,  j 
1855)  I 


Seeond   (dissolTed  5th  November,  ; 
1860) 


Third  (dissolved  27th  January,  1866) 


27  May,  1854 
81  August,  1854 
8  August,  1855 


15  April,  1856       . . 
(No  session  in  1857) 
10  April,  1868 
(No  session  in  1859) 
30  July.  1860 


8  June,  1861 

7  July,  1862 
19  October,  1863  . . 
24  November,  1864 
26  July,  1865 


9  August,  1854. 
16  September,  1854. 
15  September,  1855. 


16  August,  1856. 
21  August,  1858. 
5  November,  1860. 


7  September,  1861. 
15  September,  1862. 
14  December,  1868. 
18  December,  1864. 
30  October,  1865. 


Fourth  (dissolved  30th  December,  1 
1870)  1 


30  June,  1866 
9  July,  1867 
9  July,  1868 
1  June,  1869 

14  June,  1870 


8  October,  1866. 
10  October,  1867. 
20  October,  1868. 

3  September,  1869. 
13  September,  1870. 


Fifth     (dissolved    6th    December, 
1875) 


14  August,  1871 
16  July,  1972 

15  July,  1873 
3  July,  1874 

20  July,  1875 


16  November.  1871. 
25  October,  1872. 
3  October,  1873. 
31  August,  1874. 
21  October,  1875. 


Sixth  (dissolved  15th  August,  1879) 


Seventh  (dissolved  8th  November. 
1881) 


l\  15  June,  1876 
19  July,  1877 
26  July,  1878 
11  July,  1879 


Eighth  (dissolved  27th  June,  1884) 


24  September,  1879 
28  May,  1880 
9  June,  1881 


18  May,  1882 

14  June,  1883 

5  June,  1884 


31  October,  1876. 

10  December,  1877. 
2  November,  1878. 

11  August,  1879. 


19  December,  1879. 

1  September,  1880. 

24  September,  1881. 


15  September,  1882. 
I  8  September,  1883. 
I  24  June,  1884. 


24 


MEW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 

Parliaments — continued. 


Parliament. 

Date  of  Opening  of 
SesBloos. 

Date  of  Prorogation. 

Ninth  (dissolved  16th  July.  1887) . .  ■ 

7  August,  1884      . . 
11  June,  1885 
13  May,  1886 
26  April,  1887 

10  November,  1884. 
22  September,  1885. 
18  August.  1886. 
10  July,  1887. 

Tenth  (dissolved  8rd  October.  1890)  \ 

6  October,  1887    . . 
10  May,  1888 
20  June,  1889 
19  June,  1890 

23  December,1887. 
31  August,  1888. 
19  Septemb6r,1889. 
18  September,1890. 

Eleventh  (dissolved  8th  November,  J 
1893)                                                 1 

23  January,  1891   . . 
11  June, 1891 
23  June,  1892 
22  June,  1893 

31  January,  1891. 
25  September.  1891. 
12  October,  1892. 
7  October,  1898. 

Twelfth  (dissolved  14th  November,  J 
1896)                                                 1 

21  June,  1894         . .  '  24  October,  1894. 
20  June,  1895         •  •  ,    2  November,  1895. 
11  June,  1896         . .  t  19  October,  1896. 

Thirteenth  (dissolved  15th  Novem-J 
ber.  1899)                                        1 

7  April.  1897 

23  September,  1897 

24  June,  1898 
23  June,  1899 

12  April,  1897. 
22  December,  1897. 
6  November,  1898. 
24  October,  1899. 

Fourteenth  (dissolved  5th  Novem-j 
ber,  1902)                                         | 

22  June,  1900 
1  July,  1901 
1  July,  1902 

22  October.  1900. 
8  November,  1901. 
4  October,  1902. 

Fifteenth  (dissolved  29th  Novem- 
ber,  1906) 

29  June,  1903 
28  June,  1904 
27  June,  1905 

25  November,  1903. 
8  November,  1904. 
31  October,  1905. 

SUCCESSIVE  MINISTRIES 

BiNOB  THE  Establishment  of  Bebponsible  Govebnment  in  New 
Zealand  in  1856. 


Name  of  Ministry. 


Assumed  Office. 


Retired. 


1.  Bell-Sewell 

2.  Pox   .. 

3.  Stafford 

4.  Fox   .. 

5.  Domett 

6.  Whitaker-Fox 

7.  Weld.. 

8.  Stafford 

9.  Fox   .. 

10.  Stafford 

11.  Waterhouse 

12.  Pox    .. 
18.  Vogel 
14.  Pollen 


7  May,  1856 
20  May,  1856 

2  June,  1866 
12  July,  1861 

6  August,  1862  . . 
30  October,  1863  . . 
24  November,  1864 
16  October,  1866  . . 
28  June,  1869 

10  September,  1872 

11  October,  1872  . . 

3  March,  1873    . . 

8  April,  1873       . . 
6  July,  1875 


20  May,  1856. 

2  June,  1866. 
12  July,  1861. 

6  August,  1862. 
30  October.  1863. 
24  November,  1864. 
16  October.  1865. 
28  June,  1869. 

10  September,  187S. 

11  October,  1872. 

3  March,  1878. 
8  April,  1873. 
6  July,  1875. 

15  February,  1876. 


^^^^m                                                         PREMIKRS.                                                                Sft            1 

SuccBssiYB  MimsTKiRB— continued,                                    | 

NftiiMof  Minifitry. 

Asian]  ed  Office, 

Retired.                       1 

15,  Vog^                 

15  February,  1676 

1  September.  1876.           1 

16,  Attoson 

1  September^  1876 

13  September.  1876.            1 

IT.  Atkinson  (reconxiituted) 

13  September,  1876 

13  October,  1877.           ^M 

18.  Grey  . . 

ISOctobtr.  1877  ,. 

8  October.  1B79.           ^H 

19.  OaII  ., 

8  0ctober»  1879  .. 

21  April,  1882.                ^H 

11  Whiuker 

21  April,  1882       . .  |  25  September,  1883.            V 

U.  Atkinson 

25  September,  18S3    16  August,  1884.                   | 

::   >tmt.Vogel     ., 

16  AuguBt,  18S4    .. 

28  August.  1884.                   | 

ikiuson          ..                            ,       2B  August,  1884    .,; 

3  September.  1884.            I 

->    ^toui^Vogtl      ..             ..             _      3  Si^ptembpr,  1884 

8  October,  1887.          ^M 

'25,  AlkiDt^n 

8  October,  1887  , . 

24  January,  189L          ^M 

i6.  B&ilanc6 

24  January.  1891, , 

I  May.  1893.-              ^M 

37.  S«ddon 

1  May,  1993. 

1 

*  OwiQg  to  Ibe  death  of  tiie  PremiBr,  tb«  Hoo.  J.  B&11aiio«.  on  97fch  April,  IflOi.                 ^^1 

PREMIERS  OF  SUCCESSIVE  MINISTRIES.                    ^ 

Name  of  Premieir.                                   1 

HAorr  SewelL 

Sir  Julius  Vogel,  K.O.M.G.                                1 

Wiliiim  Fox, 

Harry  Albert  Atkinson,                                      ■ 

Edward  William  Stafford. 

Harry  Albert  Atkinson  (Ministry  recon-            1 

Wmiam  Fox. 

stitutcd).                                                         ^J 

Alfred  Domett, 

Sir  George  Grey.  K.C.B.                               ^H 

Frederick  Whitaker. 

Hon.  John  Hall.                                            ^H 

Fredarick  Aloysiua  Weld, 

Frederick  Wbitaker,  M.L.C.                      ^M 

Edward  William  Stafford. 

Harry  Albert  Atkinson.                                 ^^B 

William  Fo3c. 

Robert  Stout.                                               ^H 

Hon.  E^iward  William  Stafford                '    Harry  Albert  Atkinson.                                ^H 

{jp. ,.^    '^f"r«^en  W^aterhouse, 

Sir  Robert  Stout.  K.C.M,G.                          ^H 

H                   in  Fox. 

Sir  Harry  Albert  Atkinson,  K.G.M.G          ^H 

H                    Vogel,  C.M.G. 

John  BallancG.                                               ^^M 

H^  Da»i«l  Pollen,  M.L.C. 

Rt.  Hod.  Richard  John  Seddon,  P.O.               1 

■ 

SPEAKERS  OF  THE  LEGISLATIVE  COUNCIL,                ^M 

WITH   Dates   of   their  ApporNTMENT  and  Dates  of  Retihemknt          1 

OR  Death.                                                           \ 

Same  of  Speaker 

Date  of 
AppoiiitmeDt. 

Bate  or  Retirement                1 
or  Doath«                         1 

Bon.  William  SwainRoa        ..             ..     16  Mt*y,  1854      .. 

8  August,  1855.                   1 

Hoo,  Frederick  Whitaker       . .             . .      8  August,  1855 . . 

12  May,  1856.               ^^M 

Hoo.  Thomai  Houghton  Bartley          ..     12  May.  1856      .. 

1  July.  1868.               ^M 

HcB*  Sir  John  Larkina  Cheese  Richard-       I  July,  18G6      . . 

14  June.  1879.              ^H 

♦oo,  Ki,                                                     1 

■ 

Hon.  Sir  William  Fitzherbert,  K.CM.O.    14  June»  18711     . . 

22  April,  1387.              ^H 

Hon.  GeofK^  Marsdeo  Waterboiiee       . .  1  22  April,  1887     , , 

21  September,  1837.             f 

H<)fi  SirWiHlamFitaherbort,  K.O.M.G.  i  2lSoptembera867 

23  January,  189L                J 

H                   Harry     Albert    Atkinson, 

23  January,  1891 

28  June,  1392.              ^M 

H*^i,.  ....  .icnry  John  Mil (er.. 

8  July,  1892, 

m 

0  October,  1897 

9  July  1903.                       1 

Hon,  W.  C.  Walker,  CM.G.  . . 

9  July.  1903       .. 

5  Janaar?.  1904.         J 

Hoo.  John  Rigg  (Actingf        ..             ,,  '    5  January^  1904 

7  July,  1904.               ^m 

Hon.  Sir  A.  J.  Cadman,  K.C  JI.O.      . .  '    7  July,  1904      . . 

23  March.  1905.           ^H 

Hon.  R.  H.  J-  Beeves  (Acting)             , .    23  Miirch,  1905  . . 
Hoo,  a  C.  Bowea    -,            ..             ..  /   4  July,  1905. 

1    4Jul?a^5<                ^1 

_          J 

.fl 

26 


NBW    ZBALAND    OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


SPEAKERS    OF    THE     HOUSE    OF    REPRESENTATIVES, 
WITH  Dates  of  their  Election  and  Dates  of  Retirement. 


Name  of  Speaker. 


Sir  Charles  Olifford,  Bart.      . . 

Sir  David  Monro,  Kt.  Baoh. 

Sir  Francis  Dillon  Bell,  K.O.M.G.,  C.B. 
Sir  William  Fitzherbert,  K.O.M.G.  . . 
Sir  Qeorge  Maurice  O'Borke,  Kt.  Bach. 


Hon.  Major  William  Jukes  Steward    . . 
Hon.  Sir  George  Maurice  O'Borke,  Kt. 
Bach. 

Arthur  Robert  Guinness 


Date  of  Election. 

26  May,  1854 
15  April,  1856     .. 
3  June,  1861 
30  June,  1866     . . 

14  August,  1871 . . 

15  June,  1876     .. 
1 1  July,  1879 

24  September,  1879 

18  May,  1882 
7  August,  1884 
6  October,  1887 

23  January,  1891 

21  June,  1894 
6  April,  1897. 

22  June,  1900 
29  June,  1908. 


Date  of  Retirement. 


8  June,  1861. 

18  Sept.,  1870. 
21  October,  1875. 
13  June,  1879. 


3  October,  1890. 
8  Noyember,  1893. 


5  November,  1902. 


FOREIGN  CONSULS. 

Consuls  of  Foreign  Countries  residing  in,  or  with  Jurisdic- 
tion OVER,  New  Zealand,  31st  March,  1906. 


Country 
represented. 

1 
Office  held.       i                         Name. 

Place  of 
Residence. 

• 
Argentine  Re- 

Vice-Coneul   . . 

Hon.  T.  Fergus      . . 

Dunedin. 

public 

Austria- Hungary 

Consul  -  General 

Otto,  Baron  Hoenniug-O'Car- 

Sydney. 

for  the  Com- 

roU 

monwealth  of 

Australia,  New 

Zealand,  and 

the  South  Sea 

Islands 

^ 

Consul 

bL.  Langguth 

Auckland. 

Belgium 

Consul  -  General 
for  Australasia 
and  Fiji 

F.  Huylebroeck     . . 

Melbourne. 

• 

('lonsul 

Kon.  Charles  John  Johnston 

Wellington. 

• 

Vice-Consul 

G.  F.  Johnston 

m 

« 

Consul 

Joseph  James  Rinsey 

Christohurch. 

, 

• 

John  Burns 

Auckland. 

m 

H 

George  Lyon  Denniston 

Dunedin. 

Braeil 

Vice-Consul    . . 

A.  H.  Miles 

Wellington. 

Chili  . . 

Consul  -  General 
for  the  Com- 
monwealth of 
Australia,  and 
New  Zealand 

William  Brown     . . 

Sydney. 

FOREIGN   CONSULS. 

Foreign  Consuls — continued. 


27 


Connftry 
npreMDt«d. 


Denmark 


Frtnoe 


OermAD  Empire 


Greece 
Hondaras 


lUily  .. 


Japan 

Liberia 

Netherlands 


Office  held. 


Oonsul  (for  North 
Island) 

Consul  (for  South 

Island) 
Vice  Consul 


Consul  (for  New 
Zealand) 

Chanoelier 

Vice- Consul    .. 

Consular  Agent 
* 

Consul -General 
for  Common- 
wealth of  Aus- 
tralia, New 
Zealand,  and 
Fiji 

Consul 

»      (acting) 


Vice-Consul    . . 

Vice- Consul     .. 

Consul  -  General 
for  Common- 
wealth of  Aus- 
tralia and  New 
Zealand 

Consul  -  General 
for  Common- 
wealth of  Aus- 
tralia, New 
Zealand,  and 
Fiji 

Consular  Agent 


Consul 

Consul 

Consul  -  General 
for  Common- 
wealth of  Aus- 
tralia, New 
Zealand,  and 
Fiji 

Consul 

Vioe-Consul 


Name. 


Place  of 
Residence. 


Francis  Henry  Dillon  Bell . 


Emil  Christian  Skog 

Frederick  Ehrenfrled  Baume 
William  Edward  Perry 
Odin  Henry  Mdller 
Robert  Boeufv6 

AuguBte  A  Lelidvre 
Percival  Clay  Neill 
George  Humphreys 
Harold  Beauchamp 
Paul  Von  Buri      . . 


Carl  Seegner 

Willy  Fels 

Philip  Kippenberger 

Friedrich  August  Krull 

Eberbard  Focke    . . 

Joseph  Frank  Dyer 

Frederic  Walsh 


C.  Bertola 


Thomas  Wallace   . . 

Roland  Thomas  Robertson 

James  Mills 

Geraldo  Giuseppe  Perotti 

Richard  A.  Carr     . . 

A.  S.  Aldrich 

A.  M.  Meyers 

W.  L.  Bosschart    . . 


Hon.  Charles  John  Johnston 

George  Ritchie 

Ambrose  Millar 

Harold  Featherston  Johnston 

a,  de  Vriee 


Wellington 
(Principal 
Consulate). 

Christchurch 

Auckland. 
Hokitika. 
Dunedin. 
Auckland. 


Dunedin. 
Christchurch. 
Wellington. 
Sydney. 


Auckland. 

Dunedin. 

Christchurch. 

Wanganui. 

Wellington. 

Sydney. 


Melbourne. 


Christchurch. 

Wellington. 

Dunedin. 

Greymouth. 

Auckland. 

Wellington. 

Auckland. 

Melbourne. 


Wellington. 
Dunedin. 
Auckland. 
Wellln^n, 


NEW    ERALAND    OPPIOIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 

FoBEiON   Consuls — continued. 


Coantry 
represented. 

Office  held. 

Name. 

Place  of 
Residence. 

Korway 

Consul -General 
feting)     for 
0  0  m  m  0  n- 

Hans  Jdrgen  Gundersen 

Melbourne. 

wealth  of  Aus- 

tralia,   New 

Z'^aland,  and 

the    adjacent 

Islands 

Portugal 

Consul             . .    John  Duncan 

Wellington. 

* 

Vice-Consul    . .     Henry  Rees  Qeorge 

Auckland. 

•                  . . 

..    Arthur  Donald  Stuart  Duncan 

Wellington. 

• 

. .    Charles  William  Rattray    . . 

Dunedin. 

Russia 

Consul-General 

Michel  Oustinoff   . . 

Melbourne. 

Spain . . 

Consul-in  Chief 
rwith      juris- 
diction     over 

Henry  Cave 

Melbourne. 

Australia  and 

New  Zealand) 

Spain.. 

Honorary  Vice- 

Consul 
Consul 

Alexander  H.  TurnbuU 

Wellingtm. 

Sweden 

Arthur  Edward  Peirce 

Wellington. 

H            •    '                                  •    • 

Vice -Consul    . . 

Sidney  Jacob  Nathan 

Auckland. 

t>            •    . 

* 

Albert  Kay e 

Christchurcb 

United  States  of 

Consul-General 

William  A.  Prickitt 

Auckland. 

America 

(for  New  Zea- 
land, Fiji,  So- 
ciety,    and 
other     S  >uth 
Sea  Islands) 

•  . 

Vioe-Consul- 
General 

TiConard  A.  Bachelder 

Auckland. 

•  ■ 

Consular  Agent   !  Frank  Graham 

Christchurcb 

. 

John  Duncan 

Wellington. 

" 

Frederick  Orlando  Bridgman 

Dunedin. 

HIGH  COMMISSIONER  FOR  NEW  ZEALAND,  IN  LONDON. 

The  Hon.  W.  P.  Reeves,  Westminster  Chambers,  13,  Victoria 
Street,  S.W.  (Appointed  as  from  14th  June,  1905.)  Secretary — 
Walter  Kennaway,  C.M.G. 

THE  COLONIAL  OFFICE. 
(Downing  Street,  S.W.,  London),  with  Dates  of  Appointment. 

Principal  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies —Eight  Hon.  Earl  of  Elgiiii 
K.G.,  G.C.S  I.,G.C.I.E..  11th  December,  1905. 

IJnder  Secretaries :  Parliamentary  —  The  Hon.  Winston  L.  S.  Churchill, 
M.P.  Permanent— Sir  Montagu  Frederick  Ommaney,  K.C.B.,  G.C.M.G.,  June, 
1900. 

Assistant  Under-Secretaries :  Fredericlc  Graham  C.6. ;  Charles  P.  Lucas, 
O.B. ;  H.  B.  Cox,  C.B.  (Legal) ;  and  Reginald  L.  Antrobus,  C.B. 


BOKOU&B   HSLD   BT  COLONIBTS. 


39 


CROWN  AGENTS  FOR  THE  COLONIES, 
'WwiwwwKwr.  Qj^nDKxa,  8.W.  Cnr  Opfice:    1,  ToxiCNHOOgB   BcjtLOtit^ft,    E.C.| 

London, 
Crowo  Agents -Sir  Ernest  Edward  Blake,  K  C  M.O  ;  Major  Maurice  Alex- 
'  Cameron,  C.M.G,,  late  R.E. ;  and  Williatn  Hopworlh  Mercer,  C.M,G, 


HONOURS  HELD  BY  COLONISTS, 

PillVT   COUKCIL. 

Right  Hon,  Richard  John,  1897. 

''IziaBfS  CaSTMANTORBS   OF  THK    MoST    DlSTmOOlSHBD    ObOER    OF  ST.    MiGSAKL 

AHD  St.  George  iK.CM.G,). 

fiQlkff,  Sir  Walter  Lawrv,  1686.  Pereeval,  Sir  Weatby  Brook,  1894. 

Ball,  Hon.  Sir  John,  1832.  Siout.  Hon.  Sir  Robert.  1886. 

BMtor,  Sir  Jamefi,  1887,  Ward.  Hon.  Sir  Joseph  Oeorge«  190L 

Kkiobts  Bachelor  (Kt.  Bach.). 
Campbell,  Sir  John  Logan.  1902.  Prendergist,  Hon.  Sir  James,  1881, 

Miller.  Hon.  Sir  Honry  John,  1901,  Rasfiell,  Sir  William  Russell,  1902. 

''TBorke.  Hon.  Sir  George  Maurice,  1830.  Steward,  Hon.  Sir  William  Jukea,  1902. 

COMPAKIONS   of  the    MoBT   HONOCIBAIII^R   OrDER   OP  THE    BaTH   (C.B.). 

Ct*dock,  Major  Montagu,  1900.  Porter,  Colonel  T.  W.,  1902. 

I>*»icfi,  Brevet-Colonel  R.  H  ,  1900.  Robin,  Brevet  Colonel  Alfred  William, 

Kew&Il,  Coloo«l  Stewart,  1900.  1900. 

CoitPAVIOKS  OF    THE    MoST    DtSTDfOmsHKO    OrDBB    OF    ST.    MiCHACL  AKD 

St.  George  (C.M.G.). 
BftiLchop,  Lieu^.^Colonel  A.,  1902.  Kennaway.  Walter,  1891. 

Oodgeon,  Lieut. -Colonel  Walter  Ed  ward,  Richardfioo,  Hon.  Edward,  1879. 

1990.  Roberts,  John,  1891. 

^wsej,  Lient.-Colonel  Thomag,  1900. 

CoMPANxoNB,  Dieting uisKttD  Service  Oroeb  (D.S.O.). 


Poison,  Major  D.,  1900. 
Stevenson,  Capiain  B.,  1902. 
Todd,  Captain  T.  J.  M.,  1900. 
Walker,  Captain  G.  H  ,  1901. 


Abbott,  Lieut. -Colonel  F.  W..  1902. 
B:irUett,  Miijor  E.,  1902. 
Hcktfv,  Lieutenant  D  A.,  1902. 
Hughes,  Captain  J.  G  ,  1900. 
if  .jor,  Major  C.  T.,  1900. 

CoiiFANiOKS,  Imperial  Service  Order  (1.6.0). 
Gray,  Wilii^m,  1906.  Hey  wood,  James  B,,  1905. 

RoVAL  Red  Cnosa, 
WmUmson.  Mias  J.  M.  N.,  1900. 

Victoria  Cross. 
HardhjUD,  Lieut.  W,  J.,  1JH31. 

New  Zealand  Cuoh&, 


Mcnuon,  Thomas,  1869, 
Biddle,  Benjamin,  1869. 
Bl^k,  Bokimon,  1869. 
Hill,  George,  1869. 
Lingard,  William,  1869. 
''     B,  Francis  Joaeph,  1869. 


Moling,  Christopher,  1809. 

M*ir,  Gilbert,  1870. 

Preeo',  George,  1869. 

Roberts,  John  Mackintosh,  1869. 

Shepherd,  Richard,  18G9 

Wrigg,  Harry  Charles  William,  1893.' 


NBW    SIALAKD   OFFICIAL    TBARBOOK. 

DiBTnTQin»Hii>  Conduct  Medals   awarded   to    Membrbb   of  N«w 

CONTINOBNTS   JN    SoUTH    AFRICA    (189&-1902). 


ZSAUkV 


Baigent,  Private  Tvunbop. 
Black,  Sergeant- ^lajor  G.  C, 
Burr,  Sergeant  Major  W,  T, 
CaBBidy.  Sergeant  W. 
Fletcher,  Btirgeant  Major  W. 
Free,  Private  A. 
Kent,  Sergeant  W. 


I/Angham,  Sergeant- Major  J. 
Lockett,  Sergeant- Major  E.  B, 
Pickett,  SorgeantMajor  M, 
Rouse,  Farrier  Sergeant  G, 
Wade,  Privato  H,  B. 
White,  Serge  ant' Major  H, 


Peksons  allowed   to   retain   the    Title   of   *"  Hokourablb  "   within  He* 
Majesty's  Dominions 

By  deapatch  from  the  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies,  dated  Downing 
Street f  15th  June,  1893,  Hib  Excellenoy  the  Governor  was  apprined  that  the  iitli 
.r^d  "  Honourable,*'  appertaining  to  MemberB  of  the  Executive  and  Legislative 
Councils  in  colonioa  possessing  Respongible  Government,  whether  confined  to 
duration  of  office  or  continued  for  lifpt  waa  approved  by  Her  late  Majesty  for  aM 
and  recognition  throughout  her  dominions,  either  during  office  or  for  life,  as  tb» 
case  may  be. 

By  further  despatch  of  10th  March,  1B94,  the  Secretary  of  State  annoutioed 
that  be  was  prepared  in  future  to  submit  for  the  approval  of  the  Sovereign  tbd 
recommendation  of  the  Governor  of  any  colony  having  Responsible  Government 
that  the  President  of  the  Legislative  Council  or  the  Speaker  of  the  Legislative 
Assemblv  may,  on  quitting  office  after  three  years'  service  in  their  respective 
offieet,  be  permitted  to  retain  the  title  of  "  Honourable, '*  This  title  is  now 
held  by  Sir  G.  M.  O'Rorke  and  Major  Sir  William  Jukes  Steward. 

BoeideB  the  Members  of  the  Executive  and  Legislative  Councils,  the  follow- 
ing ex-Miniatera,  wbone  oam'^s  do  n^t  Hppoar  in  the  lint  given  above,  are  allowed,, 
as  snch,  to  retain  the  title  of  "Honourable'*:  Bryce,  John,  1864;  Fergni^ 
Thomaa,  1891;  Hialop,  Thomas  \V.,  1S91 ;  Johnston,  Walter  W.,  IfiSi; 
Mitchelaon,  Edwin,  lft9i ;  Oliver,  Richard,  isSi  ;  Reeves,  WilUam  P.,  1896; 
RiehardRon,  George  P,,  1891 ;  Thompson,  Thomaa,  1900;  Tole,  Joiieph  A.,  1888. 

Retired  Judges  of  Stpreme  Court. 
By  despatch  of  29th  August,   1877,  it  was  announced  that  retired  Judges  of 
the  Supreme  Court  may  be  allowed  the  privilege  of  ben  ring  the  title  of  '*  Honoiar- 
able"  for  iife,  within  the  colony.     Thi^  title  is  now  held  by  Sir  Jamea  Prender 
gaat  and  the  Hon.  Kdward  Tennyson  Conclly. 


GOVERNOR  OF  NEW  ZEALAND, 

IsT  April,  1906. 

Plunket,  His  Excellency  The  Right  Honourable  WilHam  Lee,  fifth 
Barou  (United  Kingdom,  1827),  formerly  an  Attache  in  the  Diplo- 
inatic  Service,  and  stibsequently  Private  Secretary  to  successive 
Lords  Lieutenant  of  Ireland  (1900-4) ;  Knight  Commander  of 
St.  Michael  and  St.  George;  Knight  Commander  of  the  Royal 
Victorian  Order;  son  of  fourth  Baron  (Archbishop  of  DublinJ; 
horn  19th  December,  1864  ;  succeeded  1897  ;  married,  1894,  Laay 
Victoria  Alexandrina  Hamilton  Temple-Blackwood,  daughter  ol 
first  Marquess  of  DufiFcrin  and  Ava,  K.P.,  (j.C.B.,  &c.  Issue  :  Two 
sons  (Flonourables  Terence  and  Brinsley)  four  daughters  (Honour- 
ables  Helen,  Eileen,  Moira,  and  Joyce).  Appointed  9th  March, 
1904.  and  assumed  office  20th  June,   1904,  as  Governor  and  Com- 


[Inset.    See  page  SI.  1 
ALTERATIONS   TO   DATE   (31st  AUGUST,   1906). 
ExBCunvB  Council,  213t  June,  1906. 
His  Excellency  the  Governor  presiding. 
Hon.  William  Hall-Jones,  Prime  Minister,  Colonial  Treasurer,   Minister  of 
Labour,  Minister  of  Education,  Minister  for  Public  Works,  and  Minister 
of  Marine. 
Hon.  Sir  Joseph  George  Ward,  K.C.M.G.,  Colonial  Secretary,   Minister  for 
Railways,    Postmaster  •  General    and    Electric    Telegraph    Commissioner, 
Minister  of  Industries  and  Commerce,  and  Minister  of  Public  Health. 
Hon.  James  Carroll,  Native  Minister  and  Commissioner  of  Stamp  Duties. 
Hon.  James  McGowan,  Minister  of  Justice  and  Minister  of  Mines. 
Hon.  Thomas  Young  Duncan,  Minister  of  Lands  and  Minister  for  Agriculture. 
Hon.    Charles    Houghton   Mills,    Commissioner   of   Trade   and    Customs   and 

Minister  of  Immigration. 
Hon.  Albert  Pitt,  M.L.C.,  Attorney-General  and  Minister  of  Defence. 
Hon.  Mahuta  Tawhiao  Potatau  te  Wherowhero,  without  portfolio. 
Clerk  of  the  Executive  Oonncil— Alexander  James  Willis. 

Executive  Council,  6th  August,  1906. 

His  Excellency  the  Governor  presiding. 

Hon.  Sir  Joseph  George  Ward,  K.C.M.G.,  Prime  Minister,  Colonial  Treasurer, 

Postmaster-General,  Commissioner  of  Electric  Telegraphs,  and   Minister 

of  Industries  and  Commerce. 
Hon.   William   Hall- Jones,   Minister   for   Railways   and   Minister   for   T*uhlic 

Works. 
Hon.  James  Can-oil,  Native  Minister  and  Commissioner  of  Stamp  Duties. 
Hon.  James  McGowan,  Minister  of  Justice,  Minister  of  Mines,  and  Minister 

of  Immigration. 
Hon.  Albert  Pitt,  M.L.C.,  Attorney-General,  Colonial  Secretary,  and  .Minister 

of  Defence. 
Hon.  John  Andrew  Millar,  Commissioner  of  Trade  and  Customs,    Minister 

of  labour,  and  Minister  in  Charge  of  the  Marine  Department. 
Hon.  Robert  McNab,  Minister  of  Lands  and  Minister  for  Agriculture. 
Hon.  George  Fowlds,  Minister  of  Education  and  Minister  of  Public  Health. 
Clerk  of  the  Executive  Council— .Mexander  Jamea  Willis. 


BOBCUTIVB    COUNCIL.  81 

maader*in*Chief  in  and  over  His  Majesty's  Colony  of  New  Zedand 
and  its  Dependencies*  Salary,  £5,000.  Allowance  on  account  of 
establishment,  £i,500,  and  travelling-expenses,  £500  per  annum. 
The  allowance  is  not  payable  for  atjy  period  durini?  which  the 
Governor  is  absent  from  the  colony.  Residences  :  Old  Connaught, 
Bray,  County  Wicklow.  Ireland  ;  Government  House,  Wellington  ; 
Government  House,  Auckland, 

Private  Secretary  :  Horace  Clare  Waterfield,  Esq. 

1st  Aidede-Camp :  Captain  Francis  Powell  Braitliwaiie,  5th 
Northumberland  Fusiliers. 

Aides-de-Camp :  Lieutenant  the  Honourable  Arthur  Maurice 
Robert  Bingham,  5th  Lancers.  Captain  John  Hugh  Boscawen 
(honorary). 

Administrator  of  the  GovBRNiiiBNT.  —  The  Chief  Justice, 
appointed  under  a  dormant  Commission, 


EXECUTIVE  COUNCIL. 

l8T  April,  1906. 

TaK  annual  appropriation  for  Ministers'  salaries  is  fixed  by 
statute  at  the  sum  of  £8,900,  of  which  £1,600  is  for  the  Prime 
Minister,  £1,300  for  the  Minister  for  Railways,  and  £1,000  for  each 
ad  six  other  M misters.  All  Ministers  to  whom  salaries  are  appro- 
priated are  members  of  the  Executive  Council,  holding  one  or  more 
of  the  olBces  specified  by  law.  Members  of  the  Executive  Council 
travellmg  within  the  colony  on  public  servjce  are  entitled  to 
allowance  not  exceeding  £1  lOs,  per  day  when  so  engaged,  but 
not  during  the  time  a  Mmister  is  attending  a  session  of  the  General 
Afldembly.  The  meuibers  of  the  Executive  Council  to  whom 
•alaries  are  payable,  and  who  are  not  otherwise  provided  with 
reatdences  at  the  seat  of  Government,  are  entitled  to  an  allowance 
ID  lieu  thereof  at  the  rate  of  £200  a  year. 

The  Executive  Council  now  consists  of: — 

His  Excellency  the  Governor  presiding. 

Bt.   Hon.  Richard   John    Seddon,  P.C,   Prime    Minister,   Colonial 

Treasurer,  Minister  of  Defence,  Minister  of  Labour,  Minister  of 

Education,  and  Minister  of  Immigration. 
Hon.  Sir  Joseph  George  Ward,  K.C.M.G,,  Minister  for  Railways, 

Colonial    Secretary,  Postmaster-General   and    Coanmiasioner   of 

Electric  Telegraphs,  Minister  of  Industries  and  Commerce,  and 

Minister  of  Public  Health. 
Hon.  James  Carroll,  Native  Minister  and  Commissioner  of  Stauip 

Duties, 
Hon.  William  Hall-Jones,  Minister  for  Public  Works  and  Minister 

of  Marine, 
Hon.  James  McGowan,  Minister  of  Justice  and  Minister  of  Mines, 
(23rd  January.  1900.) 


NEW    ZBALAND    OmcIAL    TBAH-BOOK, 


Hon.  Thonms  Yoimg  Duncan,  Minister  of  Lands  and  Minister  for 

Agriculture,     (2nd  July,  1900,) 
Hon.  Charles  Houghton  Mills,  Commissioner  of  Trade  a.nd  CustomB, 

(29th  October,  1900.) 
Hon.  Albert  Pitt,  Attorney-General.     (22nd  June,  1903.) 
Without  Portfolio,  Hon,  Maiiuta  Tawhiao  Potatau  te  Wherowhero* 

(22nd  May,  1903.) 

Clerk  of  the  ExecutiTe  Goanoil— A1*  rander  Janne*  Willis. 


THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 

Legislative  Council. 

The  number  of  rn embers  at  present  constituting  the  Legislative- 
Council  is  thirty-eight.  The  number  cannot  be  less  than  ten,  but  i& 
otherwise  unlimited.  Prior  to  1891  Councillors  summoned  by  the 
Governor  held  their  appointments  for  life ;  but  on  the  17fch  of  Sep- 
tember of  that  year  an  Act  was  passed  giving  the  Council  power  to- 
elect  its  own  Speaker  for  a  period  of  five  years,  and  making  future  ap- 
pointments to  the  Council  tenable  for  seven  years  only,  to  be  reckoned 
from  the  date  of  the  writ  of  summons  of  the  Councillor's  appointment, 
though  every  such  Councillor  may  be  reappointed.  The  qualifications 
are  that  the  person  to  be  appointed  be  a  male  of  the  full  age  of  twenty- 
one  years,  and  a  subject  of  His  Majesty,  either  natural-born  or 
naturalised  by  or  under  any  Act  of  the  Imperial  Parliament  or  by  or 
under  any  Act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  New  Zealand.  All  con* 
tractors  to  the  public  service  to  an  amount  of  over  £60  and  Civil 
servants  of  the  colony  are  ineligible  as  Couueillors.  Payment  of 
Councillors  is  at  the  rate  of  £200  a  year,  payable  monthly.  Actual 
travelling-expenses  to  and  frfcra  Wellington  are  also  allowed.  A 
deduction  of  £1  5s.  per  sitting- day  is  made  in  case  of  an  absence 
exceeding  fourteen  sitting-days  in  any  one  session,  except  through 
illness  or  other  unavoidable  cause.  Under  "  The  Legislative 
Council  Act,  1891,"  a  seat  is  vacated  by  any  member  of  the- 
Council  (1)  if  he  takes  any  oath  or  makes  any  declaration 
or  acknowledgment  of  allegiance,  obedience,  or  adherence  to  any 
foreign  Prince  or  Power ;  or  (2)  if  he  does,  or  concurs  in,  or  adopts, 
any  act  whereby  he  may  become  a  subject  or  citizen  of  any  foreign 
State  or  Power,  or  is  entitled  to  the  rights,  privileges,  or  immunities- 
of  a  subject  of  any  foreign  State  or  Power ;  or  (3)  if  he  is  a  bank- 
rupt, or  compounds  with  his  creditors  under  any  Act  for  the  time 
being  in  force ;  or  (4)  if  he  is  a  public  defaulter,  or  is  attainted  of 
treason,  or  is  convicted  of  felony  or  any  infamous  crime;  or  (5)  it 
he  resigns  his  seal  by  writing  under  his  hand  addressed  to  and  ac- 
cepted by  the  Governor ;  or  (6)  if  for  more  .than  one  whole  sessioa 
of  the  General  Assembly  he  fails,  without  permission  of  the  Governor 
notified  to  the  Council,  to  give  his  attendance  in  the  Council.  By 
the  Standing  Orders  of  the  Council,  the  presence  of  one- fourth  of 
the  members  of  the  Council,  exclusive  of  those  who  have  leave  of 


^^^V                                         L8016LATIVB   COUNCIL*                                                88 

ab^Dce»  is  necessary  to  constitute  a  meetitig  for  the  exerciee  of  its 

powers.    This  rule,  however,  may  be  altered  from  time  to  time  by 

the  Ck>unciL 

The  ordinary  sittiDg-days  are  Tuesdays,  Wednesdays,  Tlmredays, 

and  Fridays,  from  2,30  p.m.  to  5  p.m.i  resuming  again  at  7.30  p,m* 

when  necessary.                                                                                             ^H 

BoM«  or  Mbmbers  of  the  Honourable  the  Legislative  Council        1 

OF  New  Zealand  (Ist  April,  1906).                           _^J 

Speaker— Hon.  0.  C.  Bowzn.                                             ^H 

Oh&irm&D  of  CommittceB— The  Hon.  W,  0.  Smith,                             ^^ 

Nftma. 

Provincial 
DIstiiet. 

Date  of  AppointmeaK              1 

Axkwzight,  tbe  Hon.  Francis     .. 

Wellington  . , 

13  December,  1903.               1 

B&ilU«,  the  Hon.  William  Dougl&B  Hall .. 

Marlborough 

8  March,  1861,'             J 

B^dty.  the  Hon,  Alfred 

Otago 

18  March,  1903.              ^M 

Beeb&D,  the  Hon.  Wniiain 

Auckland     . . 

22  Ji]ne.  1903.                 ^H 

Boh,  the  Hon.  William  Moaat  ., 

Otago 

16  October,  1899.            ^^ 

Bowen,  the  Hon.  Charles  Uhriatopher      . . 

Canterbury  . . 

23  January,  1891.*               J 

Camcro68,  the  Hon.  Walter  Charles  Fre 

Tajan&ki      . . 

16  March,  1903.              ^J 

dtrick 

■ 

Pddwick,  the  Hon,  Henry 

Otago 

16  October,  1899.          ^H 

Piaser,  tbe  Hon.  Francii  Htimphrie 

Wellington  . , 

22  June,  1899.                ^H 

Gtorge,  the  Hon.  Seymour  Thoroe 

Aucktaud     ..     22  June,  1903.                ^H 

Qoorley,  the  Hon.  Hugh 

Otftso           . ,    n  J  y ne .  J  899.                ^1 

Harris,  the  Hon.  Benjamin 

Auckland     . .       3  February.  1904.               J 

Bolmea,  the  Hon.  James 

Wesiland 

IS  April,  1902.                  ^M 

Jeiikiiiaon,  the  Hon.  John  Edward 

Canterbury  , . 

6June,  19(X).                 ^M 

3(dmston,  the  Hon.  Charlee  John 

Wellington  . . 

23  January,  1891.*          ^B 

Jones,  the  Hon.  George 

Otago 

13  December,  1902.               1 

Kelly,  the  Hon.  Thomaa             . ,             . .  |  Taranaki      . .  !  16  October*  1899.                   | 

KtUy,  the  Hon.  Witltam 

Auckland.    . . 

3  February,  1904.                I 

LooisiiOD,  ihe  Hon.  Charles 

Canterbury  . . 

22Deoembf^r;1000,                1 

Uaodonald,  the  Hon.  Ihomaa  Kennedy  . . 

Welliogton  . . 

22  June,  1903.                        1 

lIcLean»  the  Hon.  George 

Otago            , .  ;  19  December.  1881,*             | 

^^JKaraball,  the  Hon.  James 

Webttand     . . 

18  April,  1902.                 ^M 

^^Biller,  the  Hon.  Sir  Henry  John.  Kt.     . . 

Otago 

8  July,  186^,*               ^M 

^^HDfitgomery,  the  Hob.  W' illiam. . 

Canterbury  . . 

16  October,  1899.            ^M 

1     Ormond,  the  Hon.  John  Davics 

Hawke'a  Bay 

20  January,  1691.*         ^H 

1     Oi^rke^  the  Hon.  Sir  George  Maurice,  Kt. 

Auckland     . . 

25  June,  iDOi.                 ^H 

r               ru-n.  the  Hon.  David 

Otago 

3  Fibruary.  1904.          ^^ 

1                    e  Hfin.  Albert,  Lieut. -Colorel 

Nelson 

28  December,  1899.                1 

L       iV!r^>^H.  the  Hon.  Richard  Harman  Jeffares 

Nelpon 

18  Dtcember,  1902.               1 

Rigg,  the  Hon.  John     *. 

Wellington  . . 

6  June,  1900,                        1 

Scotland,  tbe  Hon.  Henry 

Taranaki      . . 

24  February,  18G8.*               1 

fimith,  the  Hon.  William  Co wper 

Hawke*8  Bay 

13  December,  1903-               1 

Stevens,  the  Hon.  Edward  Cephaa  John . . 

Canterbury  . . 

7  March,  18b2.'                  J 

Thompson,  the  Hon.  Thomaa     .. 

Auckland     .. 

IS  March,  1903.             ^m 

Tra«k,  the  Hon.  Francia 

NeUon          . .  |,  18  March,  1908.             ^H 

Walker,  the  Hon.  Lancelot 

Canterbury  . . 

15  May,  18S5.*               ^H 

Whrrowhero,  the  Hon.  Mahuta  Tawhiao 

Auckland     . . 

22  May,  1908.                ^H 

Totatau  te 

■ 

WjgTtm,  the  Hon.  Heory  Francis           *  *    Canterbury  . . 

22  June,  1903.                ^M 

*  Lifti  inembbrs.                                                                               1 

^^        d^Vbk.                                                                                                        ^J 

34 


NBW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TSAR-BOOK. 


Olerk  of  ParUftmentfl,  Clerk  of  the  Legialativo  Oounoil,  bod  Ex&imner  of 
Standing  Ordera  upon  Private  Bills^Leonard  Stowe. 

Clork'AssisUnt — Arthur  Thomas  Bothamley, 

Second  Clork^ Assistant — George  Moore. 

Interpreter^ Prank  Herbert  Phillips. 


House  of  Representatives. 

The  number  of  memberB  constitufciug  the  House  of  Representa* 
tives  18  eight y^seveoty- six  Europeana  and  four  Maoris.  This 
number  was  fixed  by  the  Act  of  1900,  which  canie  for  the  first  time 
into  practical  operation  at  the  general  election  of  1902.  Previously 
(from  1890)  the  House  consisted  of  seventy-four  members,  seventy 
Europeans  and  four  Maoris ;  and  previously  to  that  (from  1881)  of 
ninety 'five  members,  ninety- one  Europeans  and  four  Maoris,  The 
North  Island  at  present  returns  thirty-eight  European  members, 
and  the  Midiile  Island  thirty-eight*  The  elections  are  triennial, 
except  in  the  case  ol  a  dissolution  by  the  Governor.  Every  regis- 
tered elector,  being  of  the  male  sex,  and  free  from  any  of  the  dis- 
qualifications mentioned  in  "The  Eiectoral  Act,  1905,"  is  eligible  for 
membership.  All  contractors  to  the  public  service  of  New  Zealand 
to  whom  any  public  money  above  the  sum  of  £50  is  payable,  directly 
or  indirectly,  in  any  one  financial  year,  as  well  as  the  Civil  servants 
of  the  colony,  are  incapable  of  being  elected  as,  or  of  sitting  or  voting 
as,  members.  The  payment  made  to  members  of  the  House  of 
Bepresentatives  is  £25  per  month,  amounting  to  £300  per  annum, 
subject  to  certain  deductions  for  absence  during  session  not  due 
to  sickness  or  other  unavoidable  cause.  TraveUing-expenses  to  and 
from  Wellington  are  also  allowed.  This  scale  of  payment  came 
into  force  on  the  7th  November,  1901,  uader  the  provisions  of  **Th© 
Payment  of  Members  Act,  1901."  Twenty  members,  inclusive 
of  the  Speaker,  constitute  a  quorum.  Unless  otherwise  ordered, 
the  sitting-days  of  the  House  are  Tuesdays,  Wednesdays,  Thursdays, 
and  Fridays,  from  2.30  p.m.  to  5.30  p.m.,  resuming  at  7.30  p.m.  Order 
of  admission  to  the  Speaker's  Gallery  is  by  ticket  obtained  from 
the  Speaker.     The  Strangers'  Gallery  is  open  free  to  the  public, 


HOUBK    OF   liEPKESENTATIVBB.                                          8fi           J 

Boll  or  Membrbs  of  this  House  of  BGPRESENTATivBft          ^H 

(IsT  Apkil,  1906).                                           ^H 

Spemker—                                                                                    ^^M 

Cbairmiui  of  Commibtees —                                                                   ^^H 

Ksme. 

Eleetoral  Dtatiioi. 

Bate  whett  Wrlti  mail«             1 

retiimable*                      ■ 

For  European  EleetoraUs, 

1 

Aitken,  John  Gntbrie  Wood 

Wellmgton  East    . , 

IS  Deeembsr,  190&.            M 

AJifioo,  Kwen  William 

Waitemata 

^ 

All«n,  Edmund  Oiblett    . , 

Chalmers.. 

^^H 

Allen,  James 

Bruce 

^^H 

Arnold^  J&mes  Frederiok 

1  Dunedin  South 

^^H 

Bftrber,  Williatn  Henry  Peter 

Newtown 

^^H 

Barclay ,  Alfred  Richard  _ 

Dunodin  North 

^^H 

Baomo,  Frederick  Rbrenfreid 

Auckland  East 

^^H 

Bennttf  James   . 

Taapeka  ., 

^^H 

Bollard.  John 

Eden 

^^H 

Baddo,  David     . . 

Kaiapoi    , , 

^^H 

CaJToll,  Hon«  James 

Waiapu    * . 

^^H 

Col  tin,  Jamefl     . . 

Butler 

^^H 

Davey,  Thomas  Henry    , . 

ChristchurehKaat. . 

^^1 

DDloD,  Alfred     .. 

Hawke's  Bay 

^^1 

Duncan,  Bod.  Thomae  Young 

0am  aru   , . 

^^H 

Ell,  Henr?  George 

Chriatchurch  South 

^^H 

Field,  William  Hughes   _ 

Otaki 

^^H 

Ptsfaer,  Francis  Marion  Bates 

Wellington  Central 

^^H 

FUtman,  Frederick  Robert 

Gerald ine                . , 

^^1 

Fowlds,  George  . . 

1  Grey  Lynn 

^^1 

Frmser,  Alfred  Levavaeour  DurelK. 

,  Napier '    , . 

^^1 

Fraaer,  William 

Wakatipu 

^^H 

Graham,  John    .. 

City  of  Nelson 

^^H 

Gcay,  Charles  Matthew   . . 

Cbrtatohurch  North 

^^H 

Greenslade,  Henry  Jamee 

Waikato  .. 

^^H 

Ooinnefis,  Arthur  Robert, . 

Grey 

^^H 

Hall.  Charlei      .. 

Waipawa., 

^^H 

Hall' Jones,  Hon.  William 

Timaru     . . 

^^H 

Hanan,  Josiah  Alfred 

Invercargill 

^^H 

Hardv,  Charles  Albert  Creery 

Selwyn     , . 

^^H 

Honies,  William  Herbert 

1  Bay  of  Plenty 

^^H 

Hogan,  JohD  Tiiomas 

Wanganui 

^^H 

Hogg,  Alexander  Wilson 

Masterton 

^^H 

Hornsby,  John  Thomas  Marryat  ., 

Wairarapa 

^^H 

Houston,  Robert  Morrow 

Bay  of  Islands 

^^H 

Isird,  Chwles  Hayward  . . 

Wellington  North  . . 

^^H 

JeucingSj  WUiiam  Thomas 

Egmont    ,. 

1 

1                                 1 

^^H 

Kidd,  Alfred        .. 

AnckUnd  Central  . . 

^^H 

lurkbridc,  Matthew  MiHdlevood  ,, 

Manukau 

^^H 

Lauren«otj,  George 

Lyttelton., 

^^H 

Lawry,  Frank    * . 

Parncll     , . 

^^H 

Leth bridge,  Frank  Yates 

1  Oroua 

^^H 

Lewiif,  CbaHes   .. 

Courtenay 

^^H 

McGcwan,  Hon.  James    . . 

Thames    . . 

^^H 

MoKcniEie«  Roderick 

Motueka  , , 

^^H 

liMkeozie,  Thomas 

Waikouaiti 

^^H 

MoLMblan.  John 

1  Ashhurton 

1 

86 


NEW    BBALAMD   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOE. 


Boll  of  Membbrs  of  the  House  of  Bbprbsbntativbb- 
contintied. 


Name. 

Electoral  District. 

Date  whea  Writs  made 
returnable. 

For  European  ElectoraUs-  cotitd 

MoNab,  Robert 

Mataura  .. 

13  December,  1905. 

Maopherson,  Jobn  Andrew 

Mount  Ida 

^ 

Malcolm,  Alexander  Scott 

Clutha      . . 

^ 

Major,  Charles  Edwin 

Hawera    .. 

Mander,  Francis 

Marsden  . . 

„ 

Maasey,  William  Ferguson 

Franklin  . . 

Millar,  John  Andrew 

Dunedin  Central    . . 

^ 

Mills,  Hon.  Charles  Houghton 

Wairau    .. 

» 

Poland,  Hugh    .. 

Ohinemuri 

^ 

Poole,  Charles  Henry 

Auckland  West 

, 

Beid,  Donald  (jun.) 

Taieri 

Remington,  Arthur  Edward 

Rangitikei 

RhodeP.  Robert  Heaton  . . 

EUesmere 

Ross,  Robert  Beatson 

Pahiatua . . 

^ 

Rutherford,  Andrew  William 

Hurunui  .. 

. 

Seddon,  Rt.  Hon.  Richard  John,  P.O. 

Westland 

„ 

Sidey,  Thomas  Kay 

Caversham 

^ 

Smith,  Edward  Metcalf  . . 

Taranaki . . 

„ 

Stallworthy,  John  A. 

Kaipara    .. 

„ 

Stevens,  John     . . 

Manawatu 

„ 

Steward,  Hon.  Sir  William  Jukes, 

Waitaki   .. 

^ 

Kt.  Bach. 

Symes,  Walter   .. 

Patea 

Tanner,  William  Wilcox . . 

Avon 

., 

Thomson,  John  Charles  . . 

Wallace   .. 

„ 

Ward,    Hon.    Sir    Joseph    George, 

Awarua    . . 

K.C.M.G. 

Wilford,  Thomas  Mason  . . 

Hutt 

Witty,  George    . . 

Wood,  William  Thomas  . . 

Riccarton 

. 

Palmers  ton 

- 

For  Maori  Electorates. 

Heke,  Hone 

Northern  Maori 

11  January,  1906. 

Kaibau,  Henare 

Western  Maori 

^ 

Parata,  Tame     .. 

Southern  Maori 

, 

Ngata,  Apiran*  Turopa   . . 

Sastem  Maori 

" 

Clerk  of  House  of  Representatives — H.  Otterson. 

Clerk- Assistant — A.  J.  Rutherfurd. 

Second  Clerk- Assistant — A.  F.  Lowe. 

Sergeant-at-Arms — Major  T.  V.  Shepherd. 

Reader  and  Clerk  of  Bills  and  Papers— E.  W.  Kane. 

Chief  Hansard  Reporter — Silas  Spragg. 

Hansard  Supervisor—  M.  F.  Marks. 

Interpreters — L.  M.  Grace,  D.  F.  G.  Barclay. 

Clerk  of  Writs— H.  Pollen. 

Deputy  Clerk  of  Writs—  R.  F.  Lynch. 

Chief  Librarian— Charles  Wilson. 


OFFICIAL    LIBT 


87 


OFFICIAL    LIS1\ 


Ist  April,   1906. 


PRIMIC  MINiaTKKiJ  OFHCK. 
Prime  Kinitter — Bt.  Hon    R,  J.  Seddon. 

PC 
^^r^imry   to   Cabiiiefc  and  Clerk  of  the 

Bzectiiire  Council --A.  J.  Willi* 


COLONIAL  SKOROABY'S    J>IC 

PAKTMKN'L 

Cuisr  Offick. 

CoiouUl  Secretary— Hon.  Sir  J,  G.  W»nS. 

K.CMO. 
Under-Secrelanr — Hugli  Pollen 
Chief  Clerk— R".  F.  Lyneh 
Olerks^J.  F,  Andrews,  A.  B.  Kennedj. 

F,  A.  de  La  More.  F.  Krans 
Officer  in  Charge  of  Oovemnient   Build- 

it?ifii  —  W.  H.  Hennah 

ArmT  OFrtos. 

Oantfotler  and    Audiior-General — J.    K 

^arbiirton 
AMistant  Controller  and  Auditor— J.  C   ' 

QaTjn 
Oliief  Clerk— L.  C.  Ro»krnge  I 

Ckrk*— W.  O.  Holdawonh,  H.  3   Pollen. 

B,  J.   A.   Sterenfon,    J.    T.  Duinbell, 

C.  E.  Easton,  E.  A.  Catpj 
CWeta-O,  a.  Snjith.  J.  A.  Ha?,  &.  8. 

Oapper,    H.    T.    Thorap*on,    B,    K. 

Sunlfj,  J,   P.    Rutherford,  T.  Treahj, 

A.  A.  Catrnfi,  H,  L.  Murbrook 
lltra  CIrrkt— D.  C.  litnee,  A.  K    BTble^ 

C.  E,  Bright.  E.  E.  Snijthe,  J,  McC. 

H«intUon,  T.  8.  Hainer 
CKief    Audit    Inspector    and   Audit    of 

Looal  Bodiet-P.  P,  Webb 
a#rk— J.  Ward  ' 

Audit    Officer,    AffenlGenenr*    Office, 

London— C.  F.  W,  Palliier 
Audit    In»pector«— A.    H.    Maclean,    J.  ' 

Kine«  A.  W.  Eamet,  O.  H.  T.  Enston, 

C.    F.  Jolin»on,  H.    A,   Lamb,  A.   A. 

BMhiiiie,  J,  H.  Fowler,  R.  A.  Gray 


RSGtBTBAft-GENKJlAL'B   OfFICI, 

Kegislrar-General — E,  J.  Von  Dadelizen 
L'hief    Clerk     rind     Depirly      Hei^itttrar- 

General  — O.  Dnirj 
Carr<r#pOTtdenctt    and    Record*    Olerk  — 

W.  W.  Cook 
Statiaticitl    Clerka  —  F.     H.    Machattie. 

W.  M.  Wright 
Clerk   and    Eraitiiner  of   Return*  from 

Oinciating  MinisterB  and   Kegiatmrt — 

G,  A,  Scliooh 
Llerlu  for   Seikrcliei,   Dooument«,  Stc, — 

Ben  Keys,  C.  Jiinion 
Indei  Clerk— S,  CofT^v 
Cadet— J.  W,  Butcher 


RnOrBTBARS    OF     HlHTHB,    DlATHH.     *l«l» 

Four  Chief  Towhm, 
AiicHand— E.  H.  Ti?uii» 
Wellington— F.  W/Mansftdd 
Uliriftlchurt'li  — L-  C:  Williams 
Dunedin — H    Maxirrll 

[There    are   aUo    211    District    Regie* 
Lmri  located  ihroughoul  tlie  colon/.] 

CohOtuAL  Museum  and  OBflKftyATOBiaa. 
IHrector — A.  Han  lUon 
I  »t  ronooiieal  Observer — ^T    King 
Meteorological  Obserrera  — 
North  Island— 

Auckland,  T.  F.  CheeieniAn 

Cambridge,  Dr.  Fenireath 

Rotornaf  Dr.  A.  H,  Woblmann 

New  Pljmoiilh.  a.  W.  Palmer 

Momohalii,  F.  Gillanderg 

Levin,  D.  M.  C«le 

Tauranga,  Or,  W.  Brown 

Giahorne,  A.  Cuthbcrfc 

Meeunee^       Rev.        Dr.       Eennedj, 
F-R.Met.S 

Wellington,     Ref.     D.     C.     Batei, 
F.B.Met.8. 


38 


KBW    ZSALAITD   OFFICIAL   TBAR-SOOK. 


South  liland — 

Kelion,  J.  Sharp  and  Dr.  Hudson 
Kaikoura,  Dr.  Qann,  RR  Met.S. 
Haniner  Spa,  J.  B.  G^mld 
Linooln,  O.  0raT 
Ohriilchureh,  W.  F.  Skey,  B.8c. 
Leith  Valley,  Duneclia,  H,  Skey 
Timani,  R  Ferg HIIRO  11 
HoktLik&j  A.  D.  M&crarlane 
ItiTercargillt  D*  Q.  Oilmonr 

KbW  ZiALAND    iNaTITCTl- 

Pr«aident— Sir  Janu^s  Hector,  RR.!=i. 
Hon,Trea»urer — J.  W.  JoyiiL,  M.A. 
Sepr^tiry— T.  II.  Gill,  M.A.,  LL,B, 


DEPARTMENT    OF    PUBLIC 

HEALTH. 

Miuiiter   of    HeftHh  — Hon.    Sir   J     G. 

Ward.  K.O.M.G. 
Dir«*ct^>r  and  Chief  Health  OfReer.  &c.^ 

J.  Mahxilm  Mason,  MT>.,  B.P.H.^&c. 
Atiiitant    Chief     Health     Officer — Dr. 

Thofiifti      H.       Ambrose      Talinliae, 

M.R.C.S.Eng ,  D.P.H.,  Sic. 
WelJingtoti :    Bncterit>logi§t.  and  Distriet 

H^&lih  Offict?r— R.  H,  Makgill,  M.D. 

KdiiL,  D.P,H.  Caiifcb.     A»»i«tftiit  Bac- 

L«riologiet   arni    Aafti»iatit    in  Vaccine 

Lftboratorj — J.  A,  Hurley 
Native   HeaHh  Ortic<»r— Dr.  Mawi   P.* 

tnare 
Chief  Clerk— J.  J-  D.  Grii 
Accountant — H.  Easlgate 
Olcrki— H.  B.    Magrath,  T.  P.    BuU«r, 

J.  W.   TaTlor,  L.   J.  Eli,      Typifies. 

Gwenliinn  Craig,  G,  T^Iiirtelli 
Pat)iologi4— .LA   Gilnith,  M.B.CV  S. 
AriFilyHts — Wellington,  J.  S.   McLaiiriTii ; 

Auckland,  J.  A.  Pond  ;   Dunedin,  J.  G. 

Bhiek;    Chriitclnirdi,   A.    A.   Bicker- 

tOD 

District  Healili  Officers  —  Nehon,  Dr 
Juiiiied  Hudson;  Nnpier,  Dr,  F. 
L  De  Lisle ;  Auckinnd,  Dr.  J.  P. 
Frengley  ;  Dunediti,  Dr.  F,  Ogston  ; 
Chriatchurch,  Dr.  H.  E.  Finch  ; 
GreTinonth,  Dr  C,  G.  Morice 

Port  Henllh  Officers— Pi cton,  Dr.  W.  E 
Redman  ^  Ottmaru,  Dr,  A.  Doughi» ; 
Wnnganiii,  Dr.  R.  C.  Eurle;  Port 
ChalmcrB,  Dr.  G.  Hodgfs ;  WelNng* 
ton.  Dr.  H.  Pollen  j  Westport,  Dr.  M 
Mackenzie  j  Greynioiith.  Dr.  C*  G* 
Morice;  Timaru,  Dr,  E.  T.  Thomas ; 
Onehunga,   Dr,    W.  G,   Scott i  Auck- 


land, Dr  E,  W.  SymrmiiTi ;  Kaipani, 
Dr.  W.  H.  Horton;  Whauijarei,  Dr. 
W,  W*  Baiter;  BlufT,  Dr.  J .  Torrance ; 
Lyttelton,  Dr.  C.  H,  Upbam ;  Giabome, 
Dr,  J.  W.  Williami  ;  Napier,  Dr.  T,  C. 
Moore ;  Npw  Pirmouth,  Dr  H.  A- 
McClelland  j  Hokiaiiga,  Dr.  D.  B, 
Cftlo;  Thamei,  Dr.  F.  A,  Bett;  Whiti- 
anga,  Dr.  H,  8.  Lindsay  ;  Nelson,  Dr 
J.  Hudion  ;  ChHthatn  XsWndsi  Br. 
H.  W.  Pigeon 
Sanitary  Inipectord  —  Ciiief  Intpectof : 
C-  A.  Schaner^  Wellington.  Inspec- 
tors :  Wellington,  C.  E,  Miller,  A.  P. 
Bennett,  and  J.  A.  Brownlie  ;  Dune- 
din,  W.  E.  QladBtonc  ;  Strafford,  F.  B. 
Gardiner  J  A*ickland,C.  C.  WinBlenlej 
and  R.  Grieve  j  Napi*»r,  D.  Monro ;  NeU 
ion.  C.  Middleton  ;  Cbrifitchuircli,  R.  H. 
McKen^ie  and  Mt  Kerihaw ;  Inrer- 
cargili,  K.  Cameron  ;  Marton,  F.  C, 
Wilion  i  Master  ton ,  C.  Dorizac ;  Fetid- 
tng,  M.  O^Brien ;  Blenbeini,  J,  John- 
Eton  i  Wanganui,  S.  H  Sargeant 


DEPARTMENT  OF   INDUSTRIES 
AND  COMMERCE. 

MiniBter— Hon  Sir  J.  G.  Ward,  K,C.M,G, 
Secretary — T.  E   Donne 
Chief  Clerk  -C.  R  O.  Robieson 
Account*nt — R.  E.  Hayea 


'  DEPARTMENT  OF  TOURIST  AND 
HEALTH  RESORTS. 

I  Minister— Hon.  Sir  J.  Q.Ward, KC.M,a 
I  Stiperin  ten  dent — T,  E-  Donne 
I  Chief  Clerk— C.  R.  C.  Rcbieton 
,  Account  ant — R.  E.  Hayai 

Inspector^F-  Moorhouie 
I  Journaliit — J.  Cowan 

Draughtsman,  J    McDonald 

Clttrks— H.  Kirk,  P.  J.  Kelleher.  J 
I  Andrews,  J.  W.  Hill,  S.  J.  Collett, 
I       G.  F.  McGirr.  G.  A.  Cormack,  W.  R. 

Aekins,  J.  H.  Burr,  C.  Freyberg 
'  Shorthand-writ  era   and    Typists — S.    Bi* 
I       mani,  N.  Lambert 

District  Agents — Auckland,  E.  H.  Mont* 

gomery  *,  Te  Aroha,  W.  Hill ;  Rotorum, 

I       C.  Walnut  t  ;  Ohristduiri^h,  G.  W.  O. 

Moon;  Ditnedin,  J.  A.  Tipping:   In 

I      tercargtllj  W.  R.  Blow 


OFFICIAL   LIST. 


QoTeraroent      Balneolofritft,      Rotoroa — 
A     S.    Woblmann.    \LD.,    U.^OS., 

Uoupe  Surgeon,  Rotorua — J.  M,  3.  heriw, 

FRCaL,  DP.H, 
Eetidctit    Medie&l    Officer,   Te    Arob* — 

a,  G.  Kenny,  M.B, 
K&na^^r,    Hftnmer  Hot   Spring«— J.    B» 

Gould 


COLONIAL  TREASURER'S   DE- 
PARTMENT. 
Cttiitr  Office. 
Oolotiisl  Tre&iurer— Rt,  Hon.  R.  J.  Sed- 

ddo,  P.O* 
9errerarT    to    the    Treiwury,    ReceiT^r* 
General.  FajmaaUr-OeneraK  nnd   Re* 

futrnrof  New  Zealand  CaueoU — JameM 
t.  ilerwood 
AnieUnt  SecreUry   and    Af'oouiiUnt  t4> 

the  Trefuwrr — Robert  J,  Collint 
OmMhier—C.  K,  Chituj 
Cbiretponding  Clerk — H.  Blundell 
Clerk*^R.  B.  Vincent,  K.  L.  Mowbray, 

A.  O.  Gibbes,  Jft«,  J.  Eftson,  U.  N.  W. 

ChMrcb,   A.  J.   ilorgan,  T.  J.    Davii, 

F.  H.  Tuckey,  H.  Uawthom,  W.  Wil- 

fon,     O*    C.    Roddft,    E.    Fisher^    L. 

McInto»b,  W.  Gillander»,  M.  F.Alst€D, 

D.  M.  Schmmm 
Cadets  —  W.   L.  Clapton,   A.  Hore,   P. 

DunsUit,  G.   K.    Bogle,   H.   Stafford, 

K,  M«  Joyce*,  A,  Henderson 
Cailrtic*-  E.  M.Tnylor,  K.  A.  C.  Barrage, 

R.  B.  Banki 

Vbisi'I'LT   SociKTtsB,  Tbjidx    Ukioits, 
FiiTK    Art*   and    Dramatic    Works 

COFTBIOUT,      AKP      UirCLASSiriBD 

SocmiKs  kiotSTBT  Offici, 

Begittrar  and  Actuary^-George  Lealie 

Renting  Barri»ter^ — L.  G.  Reid 

Clerk    and     Deputy    Kegiitrar— 0.    T. 

Bensoni 
Oidette— M    A.  Brideon 


LAHD     A5D     INCOME    TAX     DK^ 
PARTMENT. 

CkMikmis#taner— P.  Hejtt. 
Deputy    Commisetoner — ^  F,    J*    M.  D\ 
WalfnfleT 


Liiri»  Tax. 

Clerk  in  Charge — H.  Nancarrow 
Clerki  —  D.    R.    Purdie,    E.     W.    Wat- 
son,   K.   Randell,    J.     N.    Grants    J. 
Ferguson,   H*    8.    Barron,    0.     E,    J. 
Dow  land 

Ifcomb  Tax. 
Clerk  in  Charge — J.  M.  King 
Clerks— W.  M.  Tyer«,  D.  G.  Clark,  G.  W. 

Janiach,  M.  Fmser,  C.  T.  Rout,  E.  J.  R, 

Camming,  J.  M,  Park 
Receir*  r  of    Land   and    Income  Tax — 

C.  V.  Ereeft 
Shorthand*  writer  and   Typewriter  (Pii* 

Tate  Secretary  to  Rt.    Hon,  the  Pre> 

mier)— J.  StoTenaon 
Cadtta— N.    H.    Mackie,    G.    C.    Smith, 

J.  S.  Arthur 
Cftdette— K.  L.  Morgan 


OLD-AGE  PENSIONS  DEPART- 
MENT. 

Head    Qfflee  —  Government    Bull  din  jjt, 
Wellinglori. 

Regiatrar— J.  Eman  Smith 

Chief  Clerk— G.  C.  Faehe 

Accountant — U,  E.  Williams 

Clerks  —  F.   \L    Leckip,    F,   G,  Twiw, 

R.   S.   Stoke^  J.    H.   Reynolds,  J.  S. 

Lambert,  P.  Cunningham 
Cadets— G.    N»    Morns,    L.    0.    Barnes, 

A.  H.  PardU 

Di-piatT  Registrars — 

Auckland— S.  Ruddock,   Cailrt— J,  H. 

Boyea 
Wellington— L.  Crow 
Christchurch— L.  0.  Williams 
Dunedin — Philip   A.   Keddelh     Cadet 

—  B.  E,  Murphy. 
Inft-reargill— J.   E.  Colyer*      Cftdet— 

E.  B.  Patrick 
Cororoandrl — J.  Mclodoe 
Darjjavillo— S,  Thompson 
Hamiltoa^ — W.  Shannghan 
HeleUBville— G.  A.  Tapp 
Kaitaia — W.  Sefton 
Marigunui— J.  Henry 
Maungflturoto— J.  ilemphill 
Otabuiui — G.  Foreman 
Raglan— W.  McCarthy 
Rawene— G.  H.  Fry 


^■^40                                  KEW    SBILAND   OFriOlAl*   TBAR-BOOK.                                  ^H 

^H         Bot^rua— J.  Walt 

CROWN  LAW  DEPARTMENT, 

^H          But«eU--B.  J.  Partons 

Attornej-General— Hon,  Albert  Pitt 

^H          Tktipo— W.  Bern 

flolioitorGeiiOTal  —  F.     Fitchett»    M.A., 

^H          ^ftrkwoHh  -fi  M.  rTolvn«on 

LL.D, 

^H          Whaiigare^— J.  FitxQerftM 

Aiaiitant  Law  Officer— L.  G.  Reid 

^^1          Whangnrcm— 'P.  J  Ctimiody 

Acting  Law  Draft  Bin  an —W.  JolliflTe 

^^H          TiiiitJi««— J,  Jordan 

Chief  Clerk— E.  Y.  Red  ward 

^H          Opoliki'C.  0*Rei11j 

Clerk  (abo  Prirate  Secretary  to  Attor»ij- 

^H         Piieroa— H.  R  Biiih 

General)— K  N.  G.  Poiilton 

^^m         TaurangM— W.  A.  Thoni 

Olepfc— J,  Chriitie 

^H         Te  Aroba^H,  R  Bti^h 

^H          Whakatane-W.  Eeelffl 
^^H          Giibome— G.  J.  A.  Johnstone 

^^B          Foft  Awanui— C  H.  Mt^lUop 
^H         Napier^K.  B.  Mathias 

DEPARTMENT  OF  JD8TJCE- 

^^V          DaTiiie?ifke — S.  TaiiiW 

HiAD  Ofpiob. 

^^1  ,        Warp^iwa— «r.  Ecdeion 

Mimat«r     of     Juati(^e  —  Ifbti.     Jamoa 

^1           Wairoa~H    II.  Oarr 

MeGowan 

^H          N«w  Plrniotith— W.  A.  D.  Banks 

Under-Secretary— F.  WaldegraTe 

^M          8t ratford -M.  Folrj 

Ckief  Clerk— G.  C.  B.  Jordan 

^^1         Wanganui— G.  A.  Barton 

Trafislator— G.  H.  DttFiei 

^^H          Hawera^-A.  Trimble 

Cterka— C.  E,  Mattliews,  G.  F.  Dixon, 

^H         Marton-H.  C.  N.  T.Hdttij 

W.  T.  Gordon  ^  L   A.  B.  Taulenberg 

^H          Patea<-M.  O'BHen 

Cadet— Q.  H.  A.  Tanner 

^^H          Feilding — W.  Matrarera 

^H          Carte  rio  n  —  H .  Sal  mon 

Pathnt  Offigb. 

^^m          MaBtertan-^E.  Rhw^oti 

Rejfiatrar  of  Patents,  Detignt^  and  Trade 

^B          0 Lak i  — T.  0*  Rou rke 

Markf- F,  WaldrgraTe 

^1           Paluatiia— W.  J.  ReeTc 

DepiitT  Registrar— J.  0.  Lewi* 

^H          Palmeriton  North -C.  J.  Hewlett 

Clerk^Marj  Ejre 

^B          Neliion-E.  0.  Kelling 

C»det— J.  T  Biihop 

^M          Motueka— J.  C.  WiilU 

^^M          Blenli(^inj — J   Terrj 

JfTDimau 

^H          HaTelock— A,  T.  Ohing 
^^H          Akaroa — ^D.  Jark^on 
^H          Aroborlej— M.  Boche 
^H          Ashbnrton— T.  W.  Tayler 

Supreme  Court  Jndff^s. 
Chief  Juatice — 

Wellington— Sir  R.  Stout,  E.C.M  G. 
Judges — 

Wellington  —  Theo.    Cooper^    F.    B, 

Cht&pttmn 
Auckland— W.  B.  Edwards 
Christ ohurfli— J*  E.  Denniaton 
Dunedin — J.  S.  William*  (on  leave) 

^»^  Cukerdeii— A.  8,  Bird 
^^^^^LKaiapoi — A.  Q.  A  all  by 
^^^HKaikourn— J.  P.  Clarkion 
^^^^^  Timiiru — T.  ITowley 

^M          Fair  lie— 3.  Kidd 

^1           VVaimale— W.  Y.  Purcliai« 
^H           Grffjmoulh  — B.  Harper 

Uhtrirt  Court  Jiidg99,            ^H 

^H           Reef  ton — A.  Aftkeubeok 

Hamilton  and  Thames— C.  C*  Kettle 

^M          Hokiiika— J.  C.  Mulfroj 
^H          WeflLport— E.  D   Mo^ej 
^H          Onmaru— R.  P.  Ward 

Wairarapa,    Wanganui,  New  PljmoutUj 

fitratford,  Hawera,  Palmerston  North, 

Paliiatua,  Nelson,  A (nb burton,  Timaru, 

^H          B»tlohiUia— W,  A    Mattbe«r» 

Oamaru,    Queen«lown,    Nasehj,  Law- 

^^H         Lawrence—  A,  M.  Ejea 

rence,    Imrerrargili,    Gore,     Hokitika^ 

Orejmoutb,   Westport,   Reefton,  and 

^m          Millon— D.  McRae 

Eumara-'W.  R.  Haaelden 

^^^^  Na»0bj— F,  VV.  Hart 

^^^^Palment^n  Soiitli— W.  Milliard 

Rt^ittrart  nf  the  Supreme  Court,   ^^fl 

^^^^^pWaiktoiiaiti — J.  Burrowa 

Auckland -R.  E.  G.  Thomas                  ^H 

^^^^^  Quecnitowii— A.  A.  Mair 

New  Pljmoiitb— T.  Hutchison                ^H 

^^m          Rirerl^o — J.  M.  Adam 

Wanganui  — R,  L.  Stanford                      ^^M 

^H          Chatham  TslandB— R.  W.  Rayrjer 

^^^^m                                                   OrFlClAL.   LIST.                                                          41         1 

Napier— H.  W.  BAibani 

Sokitika— J.  Park                                         ^H 

Gwborne— W-  A.  Barton 

Grejinouth— H.  Hannan                             ^^H 

Wellington — D.  G.  A,  Coop«tr 

Timaru— J.  W.  Whit«                                  ^^1 

5el*on^ — H,  Kjre  Keunj 

Oamaru — A.  G.  Crragh                                  ^^H 

Blenheim— T,  ScoU-Stoith 

Queen»town— Weilpj  Turton                       ^^M 

Chri^tcl lurch — A.  R.  Bloittin 

(nTerctirgil)— T.  M.  Macdonald                    ^H 

Hokittka— R,  iL  At?beaoa 

^^H 

Dunedin — G.  A,  KinR 

Stipendiary  Maoist rateM,                ^^M 

iDverc&rgtll — J,  \i.  Cv\jer 

Auckland— C.  C  Kettle                                ^H 

Waikato,  Jkc— H.  W.  NorilK^roft                 ^^M 

Sheriff*. 

ODehunffa,  ^.— H.  W.  Dfer*                     ^^M 

Auekkiid— R,  E.  0    Thoinai 

RuB06i\,  <lc.— H.  S.  Flomme                         ^^M 

Taranaki  — W.  A.  D.  Bftiiks 

Taunuaga,  Aa--J.  M.  Kob«rU*                  ^^B 

Hapkf^'*  Bftj— H.  W-  Bmbaiit 

Tbames,  Ac— R.  S.  Bunli*                          ^^1 

P^%trij  Bftj— W.  A.  Barton 

Giiborne,  &g.^W.  A.  Burton                      ^^^1 

WrHjiigioii— D,  Q.  A.  Cooper 

New  Plymouth- T.  Hutuhtioii                    ^^M 

W^irivrnpa — E»  Rawioii 

Hawcrm,  Ac.— A.  Tut-nbuU                             ^^H 

WaJiganiii  and  Ranettik^*!— 0.  A    Barton 

Wanganui,  Ao. — R.  L.  Stanford                          V 

ItaumwAtu^C.  J.  Hevilett 

Pftbn^r»ton  North,  Ao. — A.  D.  Thomnaa             1 

ITelaan — W.  Lleapa 

We  III  ng  ton,  Ac.— A.    Mc  Arthur,    M.A.,           1 

Weatland  North— K.  D.  Mofilejr 

LL,D.                                                                  I 

Cftttral  We«iknd— A.  A*k«nb«ck 

Waimrapa,  Ac.— W.  P.  Jarne.                      _^M 
Napter,  Ac.^H.  W.  Brabant                         ^H 

Martborotigh — ^J,  Terrj 

Canterburj— A.  K.  Bbiani 

Nelson,  Ac.^H.  Eyre  Kenn>  •                     ^H 

Timaru — 0.  A.  Wmv 

BleDheim,  Ac. — T.  Seott  Smith*                   ^^U 

WrtiUtid — E.  J    Ach e«on 

Cbriatcl lurch,  Ae.^H.  W,  Biibop               ^H 

OUffO— a  A.  King 

Kaittpoi,  Ac.— V,  G.  Daj                                 ^^ 

8omlil»*«d— J    R.  Coly*fr 

Timaru,  Ac»— C.  A.  Wra?                                      1 

Grejmoutb,  WcMport,  A*.— W.   G.   K*           1 

Kcnrick*                                                                1 

Cfomm  Soli(*(tort. 

AaoUbrid^Hoit.  J   A.  Tol« 

flokitika,  A<\— E.  J,  At^heaon*                            1 

■^Plymouth— W,  Kerr 

Diinedin.  Ac.— H,  Y.  Widdowaon,  0.  0,            1 

m^»rne-J.  W.  NoUn 

Graliam                                                            ^^« 

Ifftpier — II.  A.  Cornforcl 

Oamaru,  Ac— J.  Ki^ddoU*                            ^H 

WeUingtoti— F,  IT,  D.  Bell 

Hilton.  A^.— O.  Cruiekflhunk*                      ^H 

Wati^imi— S.  T.  Fitjtht*rb#rt 

Cljrde,  Ac— F.  J.  Bur^feai*                           ^H 

Pfclrremton  North— H,  3.  Pitzherbert       1 

Naseby— J.  MeEinii!»*                                      ^H 

N*l.on-C   Y.  F<?n 

Irirercafgill,    &u.  —  S.     E.     McCarth*  •     ^^ 

Bteiihritu— K    McCalluni 

w,  a  Rida«*ii*                               1 

ChritUhurch— T.  W.  Stniig<*r 

Chnthani  lilandi— Dr.  U.  W.  Pigeon                   1 

Timaru— J.  W,  While 

1 

Dunedin — J.  F.  M.  Fnwer 

Official  A4$igneifM  m  Bankruptty.           ^J 

iDTen-arpill— T.  M.  MamJonaJd 

Auckland— K.  Gerard,  J.F.                             ^H 

Oamarti— A-  G   Crengh 

Wellington— J.  Ailicroft,  J.P,                        ^H 

Cbristchuri'li— G.  L,  Greon^Aod                  ^^M 

Crumm  PfoMevniarM  (DUtrivi  CouritJ. 

Dunedm— 0.  C   Graham,  SM.                     ^H 

Haniilton  and  Thamei— Hon,  J.  A.  Tole 

V 

Kew  Pljniouth-W.  Kerr 

C^«rlFf  d/'  Ditirict  and  MagiatmUt^              J 

Simtford— W.  Kerr 

Cavr^«.                                 ^J 

Ha  wen— R,  L  Barton 

Thamea — J»  Jackion                                       ^^| 

Watigaimi-«.  T,  Fitxhtrbrrt 

Ilatiiillon — W»  i^hnna^^han                              ^^H 

Pa»merpt^»n  North— H.  S-  Fitiherbert 

New  Plymouth— W.  A.  D.  Banks                ^H 

Pahiitiia— W    Toa*will 

Hawf)m — A.  TfiMibk                                      ^^H 

|{a«terton— A .  R,  Buiinj 

StrHlford- M.  Foley                                        ^^1 

N»Wo— C.  V.  Fell 

Wangnnm— C.  A.  B*irtt>n                              ^^H 

Weitport  and  fircfion- A,  A.  Wilion 

Pftlmeratoo  North— 0.  J.  Hewlett                      1 

•ArealMiWftrdi 

BUI  of  a>t.lfle1d»,                                                    ^H 

tiiiriiii                            . 

■ 

42 


NEW    ZEALAND    OrFlCIAL    TEAK- BOOS. 


Mftjicrton — E.  Eiiwion 
pAbiftiu*— W.  J.  Reeve 
NeUoij— E.  C.  Kelling 
HokitikB-J  C.  Mtlfroj 
KumAra — A.  F.  Brnt 
Grejoioulh — B.  Harper 
Weiiport— E.  D,  Mosley 
Reeftun — A.  A»kenbeck 
Tinmru— T,  Uovrler 
Ashburtou— T.  w/l\rler 
Oftmaru— K.  P.  Ward' 
liiTere»r|riU — J.  R,  Cotjer 
Gore — J.  M.  R^dger4 
Queenilown— A.  A.  Miiir 
Lawrence — A.  M.  Eve« 
Nwebj— F,  W.  yari 


Ssteit^ert  of  Qofd  Seven tte,  Mmm^- 
Btgitirar*^  and  Clerkt  of  Warden** 
titid  Mapieiratft*  CouriM^ 

Thames^ — J.  Jordan 

Coromandf] — J.  Meliviae 

Paeroa— H.  R.  Bush 

Waihi— E.  W  Care 

Tayraiiga— W.  A.  Thorn 

Wbarvgarci^ — J*  Fitljiemld 

HaTelock  (Marl borough)— A.  J.  Ching 

Nebuii— E.  C.  Kelliog 

Blenheim — Joltri  Terrv 

Molueka-J.  C.  N.  Willi* 

CoJliiipwooil— J.  N    Nii!d[?r 

Weetiiort— E  D,  MoBlej 

Charleflton  — £►  BrtipUj 

E«ef  I  on  — A .  A  •  keti  bf-ek 

Ahaura— F.  Bird»  luii. 

0rejmouth  -  B.  Harper 

Euuiara— A   F,  Bent 

Hokitika— J    C   Malfroj 

Aihburioii— T.  W.  Tarler 

Nasebj,  &e.-  F.  \\\  Hart 

Wyndharu— D.  Bogue 

Olyde.  Black'i,  and  Alexandra— F.  T.  D 

JolTreT 
Oromvrell— 0.  E,  Bowltug 
Quceiistowiiaiid  Arrowioirn — A.  A.  Mair 
Lawretiee — A   M.  Kyei 
Gore — J.  M.  R^nlgers 
RiTerton— J.  M.  A  Ham 


ClmfkM  of  Mapiatratei    Court t. 

Auckland-ILIL  G.  Ralfe 
Gisborne — G   J.  Jolnist^iue 
Napier — R,  B.  MatUiat 
Hasting* — D.  Batikfi 
Wairoa— H.  H.  Carr 
DanneTirke — 8.  Tanalej 


MaHon,  Ac.— H.  C.  N.  Udley 
Feilding— W.  Malrarert 
Otaki  -T.  O'Rourke 
WflUinffton— A.  H.  Holtn«it 
Cliri*! church — W.  Martin 
Lyltelton— W.  D.  Walla<?e 
Kaiapoi— A.  G.  Ashbj 
Waimate— W.  Y.  Purehaae 
Dunedin— W.  G.  ?,  0'€a!la«han 
Port  Cliftlinera — J.  Miller 


OoitONKliUt. 

Aiicklarid,  T.  Greabutn  ;  Arrowl4>wii,  H. 
Gmbam  •  Co  rum  and  el  ^  A.  R.  H, 
i^wiiidlev  1  CuUingwood,  E.  Davidaon  ; 
D^AnneTirke,  1\  L.  Buick  j  Feilding, 
J.  J.  Baguall  ;  FoilOD,  A  Fra*cr; 
Haniiltot),  J,  9.  Bond;  Hawera^  C,  K. 
Major  J  Kawhia.  T.  D.  Hamilton  j 
Marton,  J.  J,  McDonald  ;  Otahuhu,  S. 
Luke;  Qtakip  VT.  H  Simcox  ;  Paeroa^ 
W.  Forrcit;  Piihi,  J.  B.  Ariell ;  Pal- 
tneraion  North,  J.  Mowletn ;  Port 
Albert,  L.  P.  Becroft  ;  Queenttown, 
L.  Hotopj  Rug  an,  W.  H.  WalJi.; 
Midhir^l,  J.  Mwckaj ;  Taihn|>e,  J.  P. 
Aldridge  ;  Tuknkfi,  A,  Sinclnir;  Tapa- 
nui,  \V.  Quin  ^  Thunieft.  A  Bruee  | 
Tauranga,  AC  11  Tovt<y  ;  Te  Awu- 
nmtu,  J,  B.  Tc'iLsdalej  Te  Xopuru^ 
T.Webb  J  Wathi,  M.  1>  King;  Wai* 
pawa,  J,  C.  Taylor  J  Wel]iii|»ton,  J. 
Aiherofi  ;  Wealporl,  G.  B.  Sinclairj 
Wbangarei,  J.  M,  Kiilen  ;  WoodvLtl«« 
E,  J.  Oolbard.  All  Stipendiary  Ma^ia^ 
tratei  are  ex  offtcia  CoroHera, 


Native  Land  Copkt. 

Chief  Judge— H-  G   Selh  Smith 
Judge*— IL  W,  Bmbaot.  H.  F.  Edger. 

W.  G    Mair.  H.   D,  Johiieon,  J.   M. 

Btilkmiii,  J.  Palmer 
Regi^lrare  —  Au\kl»i>d.  J.  W.   Browne; 

disbome,    J-   Brooking  j     Wellingfoii, 

B.  C.  Siui 


CommUel&nen  of  ike  Naihe  Land  Court, 

E.  S.  Bu»h,  A.  Ttmibidl  C.  C.  Kettle, 
J.  M.  Robert*,  H.  W.  Biihop,  H. 
Eyre  Kenny,  R.  L.  Stanford,  T. 
Hutchison,  G.  Cruiek«hank,  R.  S* 
Fiorance  :  Sub  -  roiuniisaionet't  —  J. 
Brooking,  W-  A.  Tbom 

OoTeronierii  Native   Agent,  Otorobanga 


OFFIOIAL   L£ST. 


43 


CM  Jttdee--U.  a.  Srtli  8miUi 
JttdgCi^The  Juilf  es  o(  the  Nfttue  Laad 

Court 
htainf9 — The  Begutrnra  of  the  Nali?e 

Liad  Court 

1900/' 

8iij»ruile«dent~P.  Slieridan 
Adait&ittraiivd  Otfieer — P.  3h«*ridjin 
Kwiwdrf— R,  C.  Sim 

PreMtnis  of  Boards. 
^f  Tokerau— J.  W-  Browne 
of     ManiapotO'TuwUareto*^ — 
I  p.  PiK'ke? 
IH*lncl  of  VViikato— W.  Q.   Mair 
I*"'"  ■'  of  Wtiariki — Jftckson  Palriier 
{  r«?  Ikaroa^Gilbert  Miiii* 
*jf    Aot«a  —  ThomaB     William 
¥nhrr 

?EIBON8    DltrABTlIRIfT. 

loipecior — Lieut-Colonel  Arthur  Eumej 

Clerk*— T.  £.  Richardson,  W.  Gktilan 

rlllen — ^  AurkUnd,    Frmiim    E^ei-tori 
ItvorDO  ;      Duncdin,      Jobu       Henrj 
^nUbj  ;     Hokitikft,    Thoina«    Roaaon 
t^omUm  ;  Inrercargill,  AlexAtidef  Atm^ 
.tr.>na  -    Ijjrtteltoii,   Matthew  Michael 
;     Nnpier^    Michael    Flannery; 
Fljmouih,    Burtholoriiew  Llo;fd  I 
ri  -    Waiiganuif    Robert    T.    K. 
V  ;   Welliugton,   Patrick  Samuel 
W&toUpu,   Alemnder    Wil- 
I  i  >bert«  J  Hauiiier  Sprinf;^,  James 
inonio*     Reid  ;      Dumf^ree,      KdMmfd 
Murphj  i       Waipa     Vallej,     Ed^ward 
Byrne 


ID  TELKQRAPU  DfiPART- 
MENT, 

^General   and    Electric    Tele- 
^  CummittioDer — ^tlon.  Sir  X  (3t. 
rmni,  K.C  M  O, 
»*^t»r_T— W,  Graj,  1,3.0, 

<«iideiil.  of  Electric  Linee—J.  £. 

iivLtiBnt    Secretary    and    In»peotor — T. 

Bom 
CpQtrotler  of  M^oey-ordert  and  davingi* 

bankf,  and  Accountaut — G^,  Gray 


Chief  Clerk— B.  Roberiion 

Aeaii taut  Control ter  of  Monej^ordera  and 
Savings  -  bariki^  and  A^aUtant  Ac* 
couDbiiiit^W,  R.  Murria 

Clerka,  Secret arv's  OfBoe— F,  V,  Water* 
(Second  Clerk).  W.  Crow,  J.  C,  Wil- 
liamson, W.  Beswick,  V.  J,  Bro^an, 
T,  Ward,  H.  D.  Grocott.  J.  C-  Red- 
mondf  A.  T.  Markiuann,  W,  J,  Gow, 

F,  W.  Fufby.  J,  B,  J*>Mlan»  3.  Ma^s- 
alistor,  J.  P.  P.  Clottalon,  W,  J. 
Wilkie»  W.  H.  BarneU.  A.  Dunovan, 
C*  T,  Andrew 

Mat!  Agetita— W.  labister^  D-  E.  Lind- 
aay 

Clerks,  Inspector's  Bniitcb — G»  V,  Hud* 
son,  J.  Brennan.  W.  A.  Tanner,  9.  M. 
ifarriBon.  U.  McGill.  G.  A.  Maskew, 
J.  L.  M.  K.^krles^P.  Clarke 

Clerks,  Aeeouiilant's  Branoli  —  J,  L.  U. 
Ledger.  H.  A.  R.  Huggma.  J.  M.  Tabu- 
teau,  W.  Chegwiddt^n,  H.  CoruwalK 
R.  D.  Kelly,  J.  IL  Kibble  white. 
D.  A.  Jenkins,  C,  B.  Harton,  W,  J. 
Drake,  J.  G.  Roache,  J.  Co;^*le,  F.  E, 
Beamish,  G.  H.  Harni,  U,  0.  Milne, 
0,  W.  J.  Panting.  H,  C.  Hiukson, 
P.  D.  Hoskioe,  J.  Robertson,  W.  R. 
Wttkelin,  F,  Stewart,  G.  G»  Eoee, 
H.  K  Combs,  J,  K.  Hull,  A  .Marshal!, 

G,  F.    W.  Krautr.  F,  G.  A,    Eaglea. 

C.  G.  Collins,  T,  M.  Highet,  J.  C.  A, 
Dudley,  W.  I.  Dawson,  W.  K. 
Fret  hey,  J,  9nell,  W,  Gilbert;  T.  A, 
Churches,  C.  H.  Clinkard,  J.  M. 
Dale,   11*   A.    Lamb,  R»  M,   Porteou*, 

D,  Rutherford,  W.  A.  Smith,  R.  H. 
Twose,  E.  White,  C.  Gamble,  S.  H.  A, 
LeTien,  J.  Madden,  J.  Aleinnder, 
P,  Cutforth,  A,  Leeden,  C.  B^  Bwrde- 
kin,  G.  Footej  J,  A.  Uumplirey,  J.  G. 
Sclimidt,  C.  L.  W  hitehetiil,  E'.  J.  L, 
Whilinj?,  G,  B.  Williamson,  J.  W. 
Buchanan,  W,  M.  Krcts,  J.  McMorrau, 
N,  V.  Ross.  K.  E.  Mortimer.  H.  A. 
Hamilton,  O.  L.  T.  Harrison,  W,  0. 
Furdie,  W.  M.  Moore,  S.  G.  Turner, 
U.  F.  G,  Bringezu,  E.  At  kin,  D. 
McCurdy,  H.  D.  Smith,  II.  B,  Rand- 
rup,  E.  Bermiiiffhaui,  S.  Broel,  E, 
Harris,  B,  M.  Ktnny,  V.  Johnston, 
M:  A.  M.  MacLeod,  C.  M.  A.  Smith, 
M,  J.  MackcUar,  M.  A.  Asquitli*  £,  £. 
Wanren,  R.  E.  E.  Alexander 

Electrician — T.  Buckley 

Assistant  l£lectricianB— W,  H.  ChisholiD| 

R.  M.  Baird 
Meohaniciana— R.  Heinili,  F.  Palmer 


44 


NSW    ZIALAITD   OFFICIAL    TBAR-OOOR 


8 tori' keeper — J.  Black 

AftfUtant  Stopekee|ier^C.  B.  Mtmn 

Clerts  in  Store— C.  Nirbolli,  T.  Pttlmer, 

W.  H.  CftHer,  M.   Mt'Otlirnij,  J.   G. 

Howard,  J.  L.  Murplij,  S.  a  O.  Cox» 

J,  W.  Brabjri 

Chief  PoflTMA8T»Ea. 

Auckland— D.  Cumiiiin| 
♦TlitiKieft— H.  W.  CApper 
•Gisborno— W.  H,  Renner 
ir»pier— J,  11    Slieiith 
•New  Phmoulh-F.  1).  Holdi»warLi» 
•Wanpraniii^D.  Miller 
Wellii>gtoii — J*  A.  Hutton 
•Blenlveitii— E.  Nortb croft 
•Nelson— S.  P.  Stcvt*ji* 
•Wciiport — H.  Loeie 
•Grovmoulb — G.  W.  Sampson 
•Hokiiikii— D.  St.  George 
Chriilditi.-ch— .1.  F.  McBeth 
•Timuru — W.  McHutrbeaon 
•Oamaru-W.  W.  Beawick 
Duiiedin— J.  W,  Wilkin 
•Inverc«rgitl— C.  J   A,  11,  Tippii.g 

InSPKCTORB  of  TRLBOBAPHfl. 

Auekliind^VV*.  G.  Meddinga 
Cbriitobiiroh^J.  W.  GttimawHT 
Dynedin— J.  OrcljiBlon 
Nebon  — C.  0,  RoberUon 
Wellington— W.  8.  Furb? 

ABB18TANT     iNaPKCTORa    OP     PogT 
OFFICKS. 

P.  Curtis  (Northi^rn  Districl).  W.  J. 
Chaney  (Cent nil  Dislrk'l),  W.  St.  G. 
DouglM  (Midland  DiBtricl),T.  T.  King 
(Southern  Dittrict) 

OFVtC?RltS  IN   OhABOK   Of   TllLiOHAPH 

Offiosb. 

AuokUnd— H.  F.  Seager 
Napier— B,  H.  K»»Ti 
Wtllington — II.  \\\  rinrringlon 
OiiristchurcU — B   N,  Martin 
Dun^din- J.  G.  Ballard 

Board  op  Appkal 

F,  G  B.  VValdegriLfe,  Uuder-SecrtiLary, 
Department  of  Juitic«  (Clmirnian), 
noniititited 

J.  K.  Ixignn,  9upt*riniendent  of  Electric 
Line«.  norttinated 


F.     M.     Sciillj,      Repreaenting     PobIaI 

Braneb,  elected 
W,  F,  Young,  Represent ing  Telegraph 

Branch,  ekoted 


DEFARTMKNT  OF  TRADE  AND 
CUSTOMS. 

Comml»Biotier  of  Trade  and  Otiatomv— 
Hon,  C,  H.  Mill? 

Secretati'T  and  IuBpeclor  of  Cuatoma — 
W.T.*  Glasgow 

Chief  Clerk— T.  Lar^hin 

Clerks,  CuBlomi  —  C.  H.  ManBOn^  A. 
Barron 

Cadets -K.  H,  Smrtb,  W.  Wnllace 

Audit-H.  W.  llVewer.  W.  B.  Mont- 
gome  rj,  Q.  F.  MoKellar 

COLLKCTOas  OF  CUSTOM^. 

Auckland— A.  Rose 

Potfru  Buy- W.  J.  Hawlej 

New  Plvuioutb— J.  II >  Hempton 

Napier— E.  R,  C.  Boweii 

Wellington — I).  J  oh  nit  on 
I  Wanganui — A,  Elliott 
j  Xelaoo — R,  Cart-er 

Weatport— H.  J.  Crowthep 

GreT mouth — J.  Howie 

Hokitika— W.  Rose 

Lytlelt/On  and  Chriitelnireh— J,  MflU 

Timaru  —  C   S.  Niion 

Oamarii— T   M.  CuUen 
'  Durteiiiti- C.  W.  S,  ChauiberUiii 

Tnvercurgill  and  BluflT  Harbour  — A. 
McDjwell 

Offtobsb  IK  Ckakqi  op  Ports,  ANr» 

COABTWAITKBS. 

ThameA — T.  C.  Bajrldon,  C«a«t waiter 
Russell — H.  9tepheu«nH  Coast wmter 
Taurang»— C.    K.    Nicbolas^   Ofllifer    in 

Charge 
Whangaroa — A.  G.  Ratdifle,  Coast  waiter 
Wbangarei — J.  Monro,  Coastwaiter 
MAOgonui  —  H.    G.     Hunt,    Olfirpr    in 

Charge 
Hokianga — 0.  0.  Courteimj,  Coaatwaiter 
KaiparA — J.  C.Smith,  OStcer  in  Charge 
Waitara^J.  Cameron,  Coaatwaiter 
Palea — J.  W.  Glenny,  OfEcer  iu  Charge 
Wairuu^H,    A.    Jackman,    Offlicer   in 

Charge 
Picton — T,  W,  Lecoeq,  Officer  in  Uharge 
Chatham  Islands  —  Dr.  H    W.  Pigeon^ 

O/llcter  in  Cliarge 


■  C3ointiiiiad  povt  and  telegraph  offloea. 


OFFlOIAL^Tit 


MABINK  DEPARTMENT, 
Minister  of  Marine — Hon,  W,  HalKJortf* 
8eer©UirT— O*  Allfwrt 
Cbw-f  derk-J    H.  Mf^Alister 
Qerki  — W.  Cant<>t>,  B   W«  UMtf 
Cmdrt^—V.  B>  Btilcber,  J.  P.  Ctrnpch 
Cmn^tt — M,  Fub<^r 
ICuine  Enff)ti««r  for  the  Col  on  j — P.  8. 

Hitj,  M  InirrK. 
nautical  AdTit<*r  hud  Cliief  KiaTnirtfr  of 

If  Mter*  and  Matef— H.  S.  Blnckbunie 
Weather  Report«r—R.  A,  Edwin,  Com. 

RN 
8up«riiit#ndent    of     Mercantile    Marine 

and   Emtniner  of  Ma«ter»  find  Mate*, 

AuckUnd— C.  E.  W.  FJfmiDg 
AMi*Unt— T.  A.  G.  At  wood 
Sep^riniendetit    of    Mercantite    Marine 

a&d   Eiamioer  of  MaBtera  and  Matei. 

Wellington  — O.  O.  Smith 
A0«i«t«Dt— T.  G.  Keane 
Saperintendf'nt    of    Mercantile    Marine 

and  Kxammef  of  Mu»ter«  and  Mare«. 

LjltelJon  — J-  A.  H.  Marciel 
Supenniendent     of    Mercantile    Marine 

and  Examiner  of  Ma«ter»  and  Mat«»i 

Duiiddtn — N.  Beaumont 
Ur  o(  9M.  "Hinismoa  ** — J    BoUon^ 

aater  of  •.»,*' Tulanekai  "—C.  F,  Poii 


Ikspsctobs  of  Ska-fishcbirb. 
Wrlliiigton,     Cbief     Int  peotor  —  L     F. 

ATaoo 
Rafflufi  ^  J.  W   McCarthy 
&u*ieU — U.  Stephen  eon 
Vriia«sfare»^A.  McDonnell 
Ifinultftu — J-  Ncale 
FiuKjaTij^a — ^C.  C  Courlenay 
W  iiihi  — W.  H.  McKinnon 
Waiiicanui — O  C.  ClouBton 
A.J.  k land— J,   P.   Bennett,  H.   C    Haj. 

Intn  irston  North— M.  D.  Sta^^pool* 

F.  liiDg — J,  Forsler 

Fji  iHi  — E,  J.  Whiiehoote 

a..ktuU — J.  Mark* 

He*  Brig1iU>n — E.  J.  Row* 

Doneittn — T.  J.  SlulliTan,  J.  llclntjra 

Bloff— P    McGrath 

8ievmt1  I -land— J.  M.  Irwin 

RtfMer— G,  T.  Baker 


H  A IBO  Cr  RM  A  iTBKfl .  * 

QMn$wo06^¥.  Staliard 
PiipoD«a— E.  0.  SUlUrd 


Foxton— J   B.  Hall 
Hokianga— G.  M  Art  in 
Eaipara — J,  Chrintv  Smiih 
Manukau— J,  Nc^iilf 
&fotueka— H.  L.  Mofalt 
Pieton-^T.  Edwardf 
Port  Robinson — J.  Sinclair 
Ru0>el] — H.  St4'phen»on 
Wairau— H.  Fiftk 
Waiiapii— 8.  Fittall 


INSFKOTION  OF  MACHlKERr 

DEPARTMENT. 


Mmigiier 
Jonci 


Charge  —  Hod.    W,    IJall- 


Cbief  Inipector  of  Macbinerj;  Principal 
Engineer  Suneyor  of  Steamers,  Prin- 
cipal SurvcTor  of  Ships,  and  Chief 
Examiner  of  Marine  Engineers  and 
Staiionarj-enpine  Drirert — K>  Duncan, 
Head  OfDee,  Wellington 

Accountant— R   P.  Milne 

Clerkfi— W.  D.  Andrews,  J.  G,  Mae- 
pherpon,  J.  M.  Healf ,  iind  J,  Driecoll 

Cad  Ms— Head  ofllce  :  W.  M,  Eggleatone. 
H,  M.  Mullin-,  J.  C.  O'Leary  j  Auck- 
l»nd  office  :   W.  J.  Craig 

Inipectons  of  Machinerjj  Engineer  3yr- 
revore  of  Steamer*  and  Surrey  on  of 
8hipft,  and  Exainineri  of  Marine 
Eugineert  and  Stationarj  •  englnv 
Brifers  :  — 

Auckland  —  H.  Wctherilt,  W.  R. 
Douglas.  P.  Grant 

Napier— M.  Sharp 

Wanfranui — 9.  DalrTtnpIc 

Wellington  -  A.  Cahert,  C,  W  R. 
Suifted,  W.  Cullen 

KeUon— N.  D.  Hot>d 

Chri»tchureb  —  P,  J.  Carman 

Timaro — J.  WilHamiOn 

Dunedin  — A*  Walker,  A.  Ramiaj 

InTercargill— A.  W.  Bethtine 

Board  of  Examiners  of  Stationary,  Trae- 
tion»  LoconiotiTe,  and  Winding  EDgiue 
Drirera — Robert  Dytn.'nn,  Cliief  In- 
tpector  of  Mftchinerj,  MJnst.Nar.A,, 
Chairman  ;  John  Hnvfa,  F.S. G.O., 
Inspecting  Engineer  of  Mine§  j  P,  8, 
Haj,  M.A.,  M.In^t.C.E  ,  Engineer-tn* 
Chief ;  R*  P,  Milne,  Secretary 


*  Tba  more  ImporUal  barbotirt  art  oonlroUed  by  local  Boardit  ooi  by  %h9  KaHoe 


46 


NBW    ZBALANO    OmciAL    TBAK-BOOK. 


PRINTING    AND    STATIONERY 
DBPARTilENT. 

Minister  in  Charge  —  Hon,  W,  Hall- 
Jones 

Gi>remmeut  Printer,  Stntionefj  Office 
Manager,  and  ContrwHer  of  Stamp 
Printing — John  Maekaj 

CJiiuf  Clerk  and  Accouuiaut — B,  B.  Allei) 

Cl«rk«— N.  B.  K.  Manl^^y,  F,  Barraud, 
J.  W.  Hall,  R.  Watts,  A.  Stace,  W, 
Hiatchings,  A.  WilliftpiP,  Q.  QaraliaiD, 
a  T.  Williamt 

Ciwlets— P,  C.  Jordan,  C.  P.  Coagrofe 

Cadette— i;  L.  M&dden 

Copy  Super? iaor — M.  F.  Mnrkt 

MrchanicaIi  Division, 
Su peri u tending  O veneer — J.  F.  Eogeri 
Print  in  g  Braoeh — 

0?er»eeri— O.  Tattle,  W.  P.  McQirr, 
W.  A.  G.  Skinner 

Night  Foreman — D.  Jo«lin 

Readeri— W.  Fuller,  H.  S.  Mountier, 
W.  Siittierland,  P,  Riddiek 

Stereo  tjper  and  Elect  rot  jper-^W.    J. 
Kirk 
Binding  Branch— 

OTerifler — W.  Fratiklin 

Sub'OTersefr^G.  H    Broad 

Forewoman— A,  O'Malley 
Miohine^room^ — 

O^reraeer  — J.  Pliillips 

SulnoTerseer^J*  Hugbea 
Stamp  Brunch — 

OTerseer — J.  Burns 
Lithographic  and  Photographic  Branch — 

Orcr*eer — D.  Rofw 

Chief  Draughtflman—G.  N.  SturteTant 
Engineer — T.  R.  Barrer 


Nelaon— W.  W,  de  Caitro 
Marlborough— F.  Broughlon 
Canterbur?— P  G.  Withen 
Timaru — W»  MeHutehison 
Otago— P.  C.  CorliB* 
Southland— C.  E.  Niitder 
Weetland^K.  J,  Acheion 


STAMP  DEPAETMKNX. 

OommisHioner  of    Stamp    Duties — Hon* 

Jamea  Carroll 
Secretary  forStainps — C  A.  Sd.G.  Hickion 
Chief  Clerk— 0.  H.  W.  Diion 
Accountant — J.  P.  Murphy 
CiJjBtodiaii  aii'i  Isiuer  of  Stampi — W.  H. 

Shore 
Cleria— V*  WiUeston,  J.  Murray 
Chief  Stamper — A.  A.  Somerrille 
CadeUe— 0,  Molntoeh 
Cadet— R*  Wiik^lin 

DBPirrT  CoMHieaioKBAB  or  Stamfb, 
Auckland — E,  Bamford 
Giabome — R*  N.  Jonea 
Taranaki— T.  Hutchison 
Havrke'a  Bay— Thomat  Hall 
Wellington— C.  A.  St.  Q.  Uiokaon 
Wanganui—  D.  Miller 


LAND    TRANSFER    DEPARTMENT 

AND  DEEDS  REGISTRY. 
Registrar-General  of  Land  and  Deeds — 

J.  M.  Bat  ham 
Secretary,  Land  and  Deeda — C,  A.  St.  0. 

Hick  BO  n 

District  Land  REQiBTRABfl  ANt> 

RgOlSTHABEJ   Of   DlBDi. 
AtjL'kland — E.  Bam  ford 
Tnranaki — T.  Hutchison 
VVeUington— J.  M,  Btiihnm 
Hawke'a  Bay— Thomas  Hall 
Poverty  Buy^R^  N.  Jonea 
Nelaon— -H.  Ejre  Kenny 
Marlborough— T.  Scott'Smith 
Canterbury — G.  G,  Bridge* 
Otago— W.  Wyinka 
Southland— C.  E.  Nalder 
Wettland — R.  J.  Aoheeon 

BXAlCIItBafl   OF  TlTLSt* 

Auckland— E.  Bamford 
Taranaki— T.  IJutchiaon 
Wellington^H.    Ho  worth    iind    J.. 

Bathmn 
Hawke'a  Bay — Thomat  Hall 
PoTcrty  Bay— R.  N.  Jonee 
Nelaon — H.  Eyre  Kenny 
Marlborough— T.  Scott-'Smith 
Canterbury — G.  G.  Bridge  a 
Otago— W.  Wyinks 
Southland— C.  E.  Nalder 
We*tland — R.  J.  Acheaon 

Rbqistrab  op  CoJfFAKIM, 
C,  A.  St.  G.  HkkHon 

RcOISTaABS  OP  BniLDiNO  SOeiSTlBfl,  In • 

J>UfiTRIAL  AND  PROVIDENT  SoCUrTlRa, 
ANI>  AsaiaTANT  RBOlflTRABa  OF  COM- 
PAiriBS. 

Auckland — E.  Bam  ford 
Poferty  Bay— E.  N,  Jonee 
Turanaki — T.  Hutehitou 
Hawke^a  Bay — Thorn aa  Hall 
Welliitgtoii-C.  H.  W.  Diion 
NeWn— W.  W.  de  Castro 
Marlborough — F.  Brougl'ton 
Canterbury— P-  G-  Withera 
Otago— P.  C*  Corlbft 
Southland— C.  E.  Naldor 
Weetland— R.  J.  Aolo»OD 


OFFICIAL   LIST, 


47 


KDCCATION  DEPARTMENT. 

MiciMUr    of    Education  —  Bight    Hon. 
a  J.  Seddon,  LUly,  PC. 


II  SAP  OmcB, 

Ii»peeU>r*QeD«r»l    of   Schooli  —  Qeor^e 
Hofben,  MA. 

M«ereUn    for    Educmlion  —  Sir    E.    0. 
Otbb4-t,  Bart, 

▲Mutant     Inspector 'General — W.    J 
jtoderson.  M-A„  LL  D. 

Cbitff  Clerk— F.  E.  de  Castro 

CUmkw^Y.  D.  Thornton,  B  A.,  H  J.  Bar 
f*lt*  T.  a,  Oiib^n,  J.  Beck,  L  Darcr, 
If,  0.  D,  Or»nt,  J.  Cooper,  F.  W. 
ICaiar.  A.  J.  H.  Benge,  H,  J.  Batli 
I5a»e,  G  Q.  E night.  C.  G,  Reei», 
n.  L.  J.  Madiu,  J.  Turner,  E. 
MeEeozie,  H.  T.  Croxtxin,  I.  John- 
■ic»ii#.  D.  WaUon«  J.  A.  Orr»  J.  R 
MeCluno,  J.  G.  Jordon,  A.  M,  Palmer, 
L.  P.  Arthur,  W;  L,  Durtn,  C.  A, 
B^rendeen,  B.  £gi«T,  C.  G.  Murraj, 
£.  Wmdftor 

Hatits  Schoolb  Bravcr. 

tiiap«etor--W.  W,  Bird.  MA. 
Ai^itoiit  Intpector— J.  Portions,  M«A. 
Cleri  lu  Qiarge— F.  L»  Seveme 

llarTAL  Mfj>  Technical  Ikstbuotiov 
Beanch, 

Inipeetort — M.  U.  Browne  (in  charge  of 
Braneb).  K.  C.  liaac 

Pnuc  ScHC»oLS  Oadstb  Bbakch* 

OAetr      Commaodtoe  —  Lieiit.*Co)onel 

L  W,  Lotedaj,  y.fi, 
Oltrk— T  Mclneruey 

iMiCBTRlAL  SCHOOI«   BrAVCB. 

AiiitUnt  lii»peetor»  — K,  H.  Pope  (in 
dk*rg«  of  Branch),  T.  A.  Walker,  and 
ICi«»  J.  St«warl  (also  a  Tisiting 
Ot&ctr) 

TiikUitg  Officsra— Mr.  K  G.  Hjde.  Mra. 
A.  Tooog.  MiY.  C.  F.  Bcftle 

rOorffram^af  School*. 
lingers  of  Indu*triai  Schools— 
Auckland  (Mount  Albert)— Mise  8.  E. 
FackaoD 


Bojs'    Trail  sing    Farm,    Weraroa — G, 

M.  Burlinsou 
Receiving     Home,     Wellington— Mrs. 

E.  S.  Dick 
Receiving  Home,  Cbristchuroh — ^Mim 

A,  B.  Cox 
Te  Oranga  Home,  Cbrist4;btirch — Mra. 

E.  T,  Branting 
Burnham— T.  Archej 
Oarersham-  (Vacant) 
Offidal   Correspondent  for  Bo&rd«d^oul 
Children,  Otaga— Misi  J.  SieTwrigbt 

Pritate  Seh&oU, 

St.  Mary's,  Auckland— Rer.  H.  F,  Hol- 

brook 
St.    Joseph's,    Wellington — Vei^    Ber. 

W,  J.  Lewii,  V.Q. 
3t.   Marj's,  KeUon— Rer,  J,  D.  Clancj 

(acting) 
St.  Vincent  de  Pmiri,  Dunedin — Rer,  J. 

Coffej 


8CBOOL  70E  DsAP-MtTTSS,  SimiriB. 
Acting-Director— J,  E.  SteTcns 


E0UOATIOIt    BOAKDB,    WITH    NaHI 
SbORBT  ABIES. 

Auckland— T.  £.  Rice 
Tarinaki— P,  8.  Whitcombe 
Wanganui — ^W.  J.  Carnon 
Wellington— G.  h.  Stewart 
Hawke  s  Bay — G.  Crawihaw 
Marlborough— J.  Smith 
NeUon— S.  Ellis 
Grey— C.  Phillip* 
Westland— A.  J.  Morten,  B.A, 
Oanterburj  North — H.  0,  Lane 
Canterbury  South— A.  Bell,  M.A. 
Otago— P.  G,  Prjde 
Southland —  J.  Neill 


SsCKKTARIBa     TO     ScMOOL     UoMiltS- 
fllOltllifi. 

Auckland — II.  N.  Garland 
Taranuki-F,  P.  Corkill 
Wellington— J.  H.  N   Wardrop 
Hawke's  Bay— K.  P.  A.  Platford 
Msrlborough — J.  Smith 
Nelson— A.  T.  Jones 
Westland-A.  J,  Morton 
Caiil^rbury  — il.  H.  Pitman 
Otago  -C.  Maoandrew 


48 


NBW   SBALaNO  opfigial  tbar-book. 


ME!^TAL  nOSPITALa 
loipector — Dunenn     MttoQregor^    M.A., 

M,B.,  CM  .  LL  a« 
AftsittAiit    Tn«peL'Njr*t— J.    F.    3,    H«f» 

M.B.,  CM.,  af»d  Mra.  GrtiC^  Noill 
Medie&l  dupeniireiident,  Aui?klnud  Hen- 

tftl  Hoapiral-R.  M,  Bealtie.  MB. 
Medical     Supi'nntoiifipiit,    Clirist^&Jinreh 

Mpntal    Hospital  — W,     tiaistei*    Qtom, 

M,D, 
M«dictt]  Sup«rinten{i«nt,  Ponru&  M«ntaJ 

Hovpital—Gnij  U&s4el],  M  D. 
MeHiciil      Superintendent,       Wellb^gton 

Meniftl  IJoipit*!  — A.  TroBby.  M.R.C.S. 
MeHtml  Superintendent,  Seiirliff  Mrntal 

Hoppital— F,  TruhT  Kinp,  ILB. 
9uperintend«nL»    iJukitikii    M entail    lion- 

pital— John  Dowi^ey  J   MedicttI  Olliier, 

H,  Mftcandrevr,  M.B. 
Bupermti^ndeTU,  NeUon  Mental  Honpitul 

^Oeorge  Criaptimn  j    Medical  Ollicer, 

W.  J.  Mackiij,  M.D. 

Afhburii  HttU,  Wuikari  (prif alft  hoipitalj 
— Propriotova,  \)r.  E.  W,  Alexmider 
And  Eiecntor  of  Jamea  Uiime  ;  Medi- 
c«)  Officer,  E.  If.  AlexAnder,  M.B, 
CM. 

Home  for  D^feotirei,  RicbmaDd  — 
Sleward,  lUntj  Buttle  j  Mutron, 
Mftiildft  C.  Buttle 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOUR. 

Miniat^r  of   Labour — ^Rt.    Hon,    E.   J, 

Seddon,  P.O. 
Welliniiton^ 

Secratary  for  Labour,  Chief  lr«»p«etor  of 

F«ictone«,  <*nd  Registrmr  <jf  IriduslriEil 

Union* — E,  Ti-egeiir 
Deputy  Cliiff-f    Itimjiectof   of   Factories 

and  Deputy  Rcgblrar  of  Industrial 

Union*— J  urn  e«  Mac'kay 
Accountant — ^F.  Rowley 
CWrkft  —  J,      \\\     Collini,     W.     J. 

McKeown,    W.    J.  Jamieion.    A,  J. 

Iilirrwood,  T.  McItitOBh,  J.  Morgan 
Sli(»rtband  -  writer    and     Typi»te  —  R, 

Rit#on 
Cftdt-U— E,  M.  Cft«er»  Thomafl  Boyoe 
Cadette— N.  V.  Saxon 
losppctors  of  Factor  I  e*— 

Wellini^toii  —  J.    B.     Lindtay,    0.    E, 

Aldriilge,  M.  S.  Hawtlionie 


Auckland— H.    Fprj?u»oii,    fi.     A.     L« 

Cren,    Cbrk— W,  Liuklater.    Cadet 

—  W.  E  SlianahHti 
Napier -W.J-  Blake 
Wttngaimi— W.  n,  Mt-Quartpr* 
Pttlmerston  Nartli  —  H,  H.  Knowlet 
Nel-on— 3.  Tyson 
Qr^y mouth— J.  Udell 
Chriafchurch — J*    Slianaghan,    W.    H. 

HapKer.    Citfrki— Q.  H.  Wood.S.  M. 

Wilson 
Aihburton— R.  8.  Bean 
Timaru— P.  Keddie 
Oamaru^— T,  U'Orady 
Dunedm  —  J.     Loma*,      P.     Hally. 

Clerki— J.  Miuwi-n,  W.  King 
Inrercargili-^L.  D.  Bri  welt 

And  J  60  local  luppe  'torn* 
(There  ar«  al^to  200  Bureau  AgenU  in 
different  partt  of  tlie  colotiy,) 


Mo* 
H 


MINES  DEPARTMENT- 
Chikf  OryicjE. 
Muiiiter    of    Mitiea^ — ^Horj,     James 

Gowan 
Under  -  Secretary     for     Minei  —  T. 

Haaer 
fnipet^iing  Enginepr—JLvhn  Haye* 
CluotClerk— IL  E   Radidstfe 
Anftly*t— J.  S.  Mackurin,  D.So.,  F.O.S. 

Aaflistant — W.  Dunovan 
Geiduigitt — Alexander  MuKjiy,  F  O.S, 
Dr»uglit»mao— C-  IL  Pierard 
Short  hand*  writer— J.  T.  Watkim 
Cadet— T.  H.  Sberwood 

iKflPKCTORS  OP  MiKEa. 
Tliameft  and  Auckland  Districts— JainM 
CouHf»i  Wnihi— Awistant  ItvBpector, 
Boyd  Beonie:  Canterbury,  Dtinedin, 
nod  SouthJaiid  DiBtrict*— E.  R.  Qreeii ; 
Ai*iKfant.  Inspector^  H*tb  rt  Mclnloth  *, 
Clerk,  if.  Patori :  West  Coa«^  Dig- 
tricta  —  U.  Tennent  ^  AimiiUQt  In' 
ipector,  A.  H.  Richard*  j  Cadet  -  C.  M. 
VV^ilton 


Secretary' 


Ml  KINO   BuBsau. 
-P,  Oalvm 


MAWA01M8   OF    WaTSU-KACI 

Wtti nieu' KuniMra — J.  Rucbf ord 
Mount  i^la— R.  Murray 


L 


•A'an  hoMa  appolntrarnta  of  Inapeotor  of  fioapttala  and  Chariiabk  loatliatioiu 
Be^ittnr  of  Nuracs  and  &Ii>lw)Tcti.  * 

f  Alao  Asaiktaut  Laapcotuni  of  Haspitala  and  Chatitabla  Inatirmtiara. 


OVFICIAI*   LIST. 


49 


SOHOOLA  07  MlNU. 
IjocUir^TB  and  Inst  rat- tors  :  Th&me«  — 
O.  G.  Adttma  i  Aftiiatatit,  W.  A. 
Oiren,  M*A. :  Ooromandel — D*  V, 
All<»ni  W«ihi— A.  H,  V.  Mt^nfan, 
M.A.:  Kitrttn^nhake—R.  B.  McDuff: 
Beefton — J.  Heodersoa 

GOAKD    OY     fiXAXTiriBS     iriTDBR     *'  ThE 

Co*L'Kiifis  Aer,  1891." 
The  SurTejrorGeneral  ;  tbo  Ifi«peL4ing 
Engineer  of  Mtnefl;  tbe  Chief  In- 
ipeotor  of  itiiphmorj,  WelliDgton  j 
J^met  Biihop  ;  JoiiutUAii  Dixan  i  and 
H.  A*  Qordon 

BOA^D     Of     EXAMINBKS     CFfTDBB     *'  ThI 

MxniJto  A(yr,  1898;* 
Smuo  official  memberi  as  abore  Board, 
excepting  the  Chief  Inspector  of  Ma- 
ohitierjt  Wellington,  with  the  follow- 
ing prirate  ineuibers :  H,  A.  Gordon, 
F.G,S.,  Auckland  J  Ttiomn*  Aitken 
Dunlop,  Tba^JoeB^  Betimiuin  Sulher- 
land,  Aeeftonj  and  M.  P.  Hornl- 
brook,  Waiomo 
Tbe  3 urrejor- General  it  ClmiFman  of 
both  Bo&rd«.  aud  Mr.  T.  H.  Uamer 
ia  the  Secretary 

St4ti  CoAL-unrss. 
Head  Q^c**—G re/ mouth. 
Hanager — Jame«  Binl^op 
AcoouDtarit — L.  H.  Kileri 
Afent,  Westpurt— II.  Crowther  | 

Managing  Ag«»Dt,  Wellington — Aleiandt- r 
ICaeDougall 


DKPARTMKNT    OF    AGRICUL- 

lURE. 

MitiUler  in  Charge — Hon.  T.  Y.  Duncan 
Hkaj>  Office. 

Secretary  for  Agriculture  and  Chief  In- 
ip*<7tor  of  3tx>L*k— J.  D.  Ritchie 

Chief  Clerk— R*  Kratt 

Clerk    in     ciiarge     of     Co  rrei  pond  once 
Branch— F,  8,  Pope 

Clerk   in   charge  of  AecounLfr    Branch— 
J.  K.  D.  Spirer 

Clerkfi — Cf>rre«pondencc  Branch  :  E.  J, 
Fit«gibbon.  R.  W,  Atkiuion,  T.  D.  U. 
Hall  J  CadetiP— J-  R.  F.  Oameron, 
H.  T.  P»jT'ei  I>.  Patterson.  Acconnts 
Br«.ne*i :  S.  l\  E.  Sharp.  D«  Sinclaif, 
A.  MeT^pgart.  V  A.  Mdla ;  Cad 
W.  A.  Pje 


TBTIVTNAttT  Dnr»toK. 

P«lliolagi«t   and    Chief    Vetennariaii  — 

J.  A.  Gilrtith.  M.R.C,V.S. 
A#ii»tant    Chief    Yplerinarian -^  C.     J 

R«Jte»,  M.R.C.V.S. 
Lahorator?  Astinlant — G.  H.  Barker 
Olerki— iL  K.  Carej,  D.  L.  Luxford,  A. 

Ironside;  Cadet,  H.  R.  3«ddon. 
Feteriuarinni  (.Vfi.R.aV.S.)— Auckland^ 

J.     %ons;     New     Plynioiith,     A.    B, 

Youn^  ;  Pal  merit  on  North,  W-  SUp- 

lej*MD. ;    Chrifltohurch,  J.  G.  Claj- 

ton  J  Duuodin,  i.  Ki^rrigan 
Vet-erinarianB      and       Afeat     Intpeoton 

(il«.  RX.y.S  )  —  Aut'kbnd,      W.     II. 

Hawthoro  j    Qinborne,   C,    R.    Neate; 

HastingB,    D.    H.    Rait;     Wanganui, 

V.     A.     Biiitkes  i     Aramohot     P.     M. 

Edgar  J    Waitara,  F.   Glover  j    Petooe, 

D,  apiliBan  ;  Ngahauranga,  W,  C. 
Quinnell ;  Nflaoti,  A-  W.  Bitrnet  ; 
Btflfast.  J.  R,  Cbarllonj  A»liburtoii» 
F.  0.  Robertson  ;  Timaru,  T,  G.  Lilioo; 
Pftr<*ora,  T,  G.  Palgmve ;  Oamarij,  T, 
CiinuiMghatn  ;  Dunedtri,  W.  D.  Snow- 
ball ;  I  nve  rear  gill,  D,  Machatlie^  W,  T. 
dabin 

Vefceriiittriani  and  Meat  Inspt'ctor*  — 
Auckland,  II.  Marsttfk  (Ont.)  j  ChrisN 
church,  H.  S.S-  Kvle  (Melb) 

Meat  Infp'Ctorn — ThumeB,  J,  Jarman  j 
Paeroa,  F.  Beatlie  j  Wtiihi,  W.  T, 
Wjnjrard  j  Nnpier,  B.  Ferguson  j  New 
Pljraouth,    T.    J.    Keiikefl ;     llawera, 

E.  1\  B.  Worthy  J  Stnitford,G,  Thorn- 
Bon;  FflUding.  a.  W.  Mitchell  j  Bten- 
beim.  A,  D.  Gilliee  j  Wf  at  port,  W.  3. 
Oirawell  ;  Ljltelton,  B.  Thomson  ; 
Gore,  F.  Stewart 

AB»i!«tiiut  M*'ut  InB[>et'tors— Auckland, 
J,  Preiton  J  Gifbornep  H,  W.  Binney, 
G,  B,  William*  I  Tomoanm,  S.  T. 
Eratt ;  Fukipakt,  D.  Klliutt ;  Long- 
burn,  W.  H.  Rodney  ;  Fatea,  W.  A.  P. 
Sutton  ;  Petone,  0.  Afttoo  ;  Ngahau* 
ranga,  V,  J.  Stone  ;  Picton,  J.  Millea  j 
lilington,  G.  Furd  j  Belfast,  T.  An- 
denon;  SmilliBeld,  A.  \L  R.  Midt; 
Dunedin,  T.  P,  Short  j  Mataura,  W.  C. 
Moore  ;  Tnrercargilt,  J.  0.  Mackley. 

Daimt  DiviiiON, 
Dairy  Commissioner— J.  A,  Kinfella 
Asaifiianb      Dairy      Commitaiouer  —  D. 

Cuddie 
Clerk— R.  W.  Wilkiuson 
Dairy    losiruotor*  —  W.    M.    Singleton, 

A.  O,  Shirley,  W.  Grant,  F.  Thomion, 

J.  Sawers,  and  N.  Fulton 


: 


50 


NEW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TEAH-BOOK. 


Dfiirj  Instrurtrcpi  — N.  Breeu 

Dttirj -prod lire  Grader*— Auckland,  A.  A. 
Thornton  ;  New  PWiinoulb,  J.  Jo}in- 
•ton  and  L.  Hunsiir;  Putea,  W.Wriijhl  j 
Wellington,  E.  A.  li'owden  and  N. 
Fulton;  LjtJ«ltoB  an<i  Port  Cbftlru  ere, 
W.  Omrit  /  BluiT»  J.  Sawers 

Clerks  to  Dairj  product  0rad*r8— Au^k 
land,  J.  O'  Lord  j  New  Plymouth, 
J.  S.  Flerniiig;  LTltellou,  K.  F. 
CroAbte;  Duncdin,  J.  UuttoD  ;  BlufF^ 
R,  Hulton 

Biological  ani>  HottTinTLTrnAi. 
Division. 
Biologist— T  W.  Xirk,  FJ.  S. 
Aisiitttnt  Biologb* — A.  H.  Cockafne 
Fruit'preeerving  Eipert — ^W*  Jtiqaei 
Bee  Eipprt— I.  HopkitJ* 
Clerk* -B.    Quirk,   J.    Hjlan^,    W.    K, 

Llifjd-Williumft 
Atsiftn^tit  Kntomoloeifit^ — Aurkland,  Cap- 

Ui»i  T.  Broun.  FrE.S. 
PomologislA  —  Nortlii      Island,     W.     J. 

Pulnier,  W*  A.  Boucher,  A.  G,  Sitnni»; 

Soytli  Isknd,  J   C  Bluekiworr 
Fruit  Inspector* — AuckSiitid,  CtiplHin  T. 

Brour,  F.E  S.,  Qeorge  Harnett ;  Wei 

lington,  H.  Ptilethoirpe  j  Christeburdi^ 

A.  C.  Bmale  ,  IVuijodiri,  A.  F.  CargilJ 
Oreliaird  Inspector^  — North    Inland^    W. 

C.  Thompson,  E,  A.  Reid,  D.  H,  Wil- 

litimioti  J    Say  ill    Island,  E.   HabbiL*. 

J-  Alliin 

ViTiciuTraiL  DivrsioK. 
Viticiiliuri«t — R,  Bnigato  , 

Clerk— P.  G.  Andrew 

Pori.TUT  DiviajoK. 

Chief  Puulrrv  Expert— D,  D.  D>de 
Asiifltflut  Poultry  Expert— F.  Brown 
Pouitrj    Grader i  —  Aurkbind,    R     W. 

Puimsford  ;  Wellingtuti,  T.  F*  Ldhy  ; 

Cbri^t^-hufeb,   6.   Newton;     Dutiedin, 

T,  Burke 
Poultry  *  station     Managers  —  Huftkura, 

C.    Cu»*en  i     Mamohaki.    A.    Granl  ; 

Burnham,  J,  Rote;  Mdton,  A  Carr 

FiBBK  Division. 
Ciiief  Fibre  Exi^rt—O.  J.  Fulton 
Henip  Oradere  —  Auckland ,  W  H.  O. 
J  oh  t  into  n  ;  WeUioglon,  C.  A,  D.  Haw- 
kirtB  (Grader  in  charge),  W.  II.  Ferris 
W.  G  C,  Reid,  J.  Stewart  j  Biulf, 
W.  H,  Middlemiae 


Clerk,  Chief  Fibr#  Enperi'e  Olllce— G.  T, 

luck  IT 
CK^rk..  to  Grader— Wellington.  E,  Wjun* 

Williams ;  Bluff,  R.  Hattoi> 

aiAKtTBK-STlHItlSINO    DIVI8IOK. 

Iiifpei'tor*  of  Manureilerilising  ^ISyd- 
ueT,  F.  U-  Laurie;  Calcutta,  H,  L. 
Ward 

ChEMHAL   DIVI8IOK. 

Cbii'f  Chemiit— B,  C.  Aston,  F.C,9. 
A§«tNtant  Cbeniist — H.  Lfirkin 
LaboratoTT    Assisttintjii— E.   W.  Ludwif^ 
\\  R.  Packliaii) 

Stattbtical  BivieioN. 
Compiler  of  Statiatici^F.    0,    Hjonring 
I       (4chn«) 
Clerk— A.  C.  Pbilpott 

EXPKBIME^'IAL    FaHMS. 

Superintendent  of  tiie  Experiuiental 
Farins  in  the  Auckland  District  *- 
E.  Clifion 

Orerneera —  BtekeretafFe,  H.  Wineer  ; 
Waerenga,  8.  F,  Anderfloti;  Ruiikura, 
n,  Dibnle;  Anitaki  (Hawke't  BaT)v 
T.  F.  Ellis;  Wcr^roa,  J  Drytdale ; 
Mr>niohaki,  F.  GiUanderft 

LlV«'8TO0K   QuUiAlCTlUS   STATlOlTfl. 
Caretakers  —  Aueklaud,    Thomas    Hillj 
Wellington,  J,    P,   Eoaa  j    Lyiieium^ 
W.  J.  Thoma» 

l58FBCT0as  op  StOCK, 

Auckland  District— Auckland,  'E.  CUf- 
ton  ^iu  charge  of  di^trirt) ;  OhaeAwai, 
D.  A  Grahiim;  Wluingarei,  'J.  T. 
Stone ;  Aurkhmd,  F.  H.  Brittain, 
R.  Hull;  Hamilton,  MX  E.jm  ;  Kilti- 
Bhi^  J.  Kerr;  Tftumngm,  'A.  H. 
Burltill 

Hawke'e  Buv  Dii^triet  —  Napier,  •W. 
Udler  (in  charge  of  diitriet)  j  Gia- 
borne,  *C-  Tliomson  aJid  D.  Fleming; 
Te  Puin,  W.  B-  Hmgslon  j  Wairoa, 
•T-  C*  Webb  ;  Hastiiigu,  F.  G,  Wajnei 
Woodvilk',  •D.  Munro ;  Waipukuran, 
J.  Harvey 

Wairarapa  District — Ma§lerton,  *0.  H, 
Jenkinson  (in  charge  of  di*triet)  j 
tlarterton,  •V,  A.  HudilleBlon 

Wett  CoftBt  (North  Island)  District — 
Wangamii,  'A  K.  Bliindell  (iu  chargt 
of  district};    Feilding,  J.   C.   Miller; 


J 


OFFICIAL   LIST. 


Eufttrrrnie^  W.  Daljflietlr  ;  Wang*- 
uwi,  W.  B.  Eutliorfurij  ;  ITaweri. 
•J.  W.  Detm\     Stmtfard,  *S.  Budge? 

MAoavfttu  Dittrict— PftliL<?r»ton  North, 
*J.  Duncan 

Wrtiiini^rofi  Diatrict — Wellington^  'A* 
!  K,  J.  Drummoad  iy>ori) 
horough,  Nelion,  »iid  W«»l  Oout 
i^iAlHct  —  Nebon,  T.  A*  Fmser  (in 
chitrgo  of  diBlrtci).  A-  T*  P,  Hubbard  j 
Richmond,  G,  8.  Cooke;  Blenbeitn, 
*J.  ^oore  I   Hokitika,  *C.  0.  Empson 

C*nt«rb«t7  Diitrict  —  Chriiftchurcb, 
*II,  T.  G.  Turner  (in  charge  of 
aUinct)  J  Kftikuura,  'K.  W.  Sutton  j 
RfithtrhAm,  'J.  Monro ;  Rattgiom, 
C.  A,  CuntiinghiLm ;  Lincoln,  J*  G. 
Scoit  I  A»hburron»  B,  FulkHon  ; 
Timani,  J.  C.  Huddlwlon  i  Fwrlie,  F, 
Mackenzie 

Otago  District  —  Diinedin,  J.  L.  Bruce 
(in  charge  of  dbtrk't) ;  Kurow,  W. 
Will*;  Uamaru,  'A*  Iron*id«i  P«U 
mertton,  U.  II ill ;  Duoedin.  'J.  E. 
Thomson  (port),  B.  Fountain  ;  Musgiel, 
B.  I  Ooatiigc ;  Na«rby,0.  Shnw  J  Clyde, 
•  r,  N.  Bailer  j  Lawrence,  *Q.  MeUod  j 
Tapsnni,  T.  Gdleapie ;  Boiauthn.  1\ 
OilzDoar;  Gore,  S.  M.  Tut  lor;  hivtr- 
cargill.  -B.  Wright ;  Bluff,  J.  W-  Ray- 
mood  (port)  ;  Qu«rntti>«rn,  W*  M. 
Monro 

—  Wbani^rei,  A.  Stone  (cadet); 
Auckland,  W,  C  Robinaon,  E.  J. 
Otei'i»tfr,  G*  H.  Oraham,  C.  Camp- 
bellf  £.  A.  Farrint^ton  ;  Hamilton, 
P.  Edward*  i  Napit-r,  A.  CbUooU, 
W,  McN.  Miller  ;  AfaAttrton,  A,  E. 
Eowdeo ;  Palmerston  North,  W.  Nettle* 
fold  J  Wanganui,  D,  Bill  j  NcUon, 
£,  B.  Burdekiu  ;  Blenbeiin,  J.  Camp- 
bell ;  Christchurch,  J.  Longton  j 
TiiJi&ru,  W,  Pogton  ;  Dun«din»  U  G. 
Brace  i  Inrercargid,  J.  W.  Bell. 
W.  U.  McLew  (cadet) 

B£0T41S4^S  Of  BaANDa. 

Auckland— W.  C,  Robinion  i  Watigauuit 
a  Betl;  XehKiu.  B.  B.  Burdekin 

<T*ie  In9p«*otor«  of  Stock  fin  arktjd  '  are 
alto  Eegiitmre  uf  Bmnda.) 


'IkSFVCTOIB  U3fDSB   SL&UaflTB&l NO  AOT. 

The  Infpeoton  of  :)toek  are  Inspectors 
mider  tlie  Slsoghtc^riDg  Aot. 


LxspKCToiia  OF  DjimiBS. 

Auckland,  W.  R.  Brown  ;  tfamilton,  S» 
Seddon  ;  Thankw^  J,  Jnrnnin  ;  Waibi, 
W.  T.  W^n)ftfd  ;  l*»i  row,  F,  B*nitie  ; 
G  id  borne,  G.  M.  VVillmnjjuoii  j  Xapier, 
J,  G.  Parker;  New  Plymouth.  T.  J. 
Beaket :  Stratford,  G.  Ihamaon; 
Hawura,  E.  T.  B.  Worthy  •  Feihiing, 
G.  \\\  Mitchell;  Wellington,  J. 
Drummond}  Lyttcltun,  B.  Ihom- 
aou  ;  Chriatcbtirch,  A.  Marphenon  i 
Blenheim,  A.  D.  Gillie*  i  Wisttport, 
W,  3.  Canwed;  Dunedin,  Ajeiatant 
luiipector,  J.  C.  Robtnson  ;  Qore,  F. 
Slewart 

(The  Inspi^ctora  of  Stock  ftre  alio  ia- 
itpectora  of  Dairiei,) 

Insfect&bs  or  Noxioca  Wixus. 

Ot»hiihu,  A,  Dickson  ;  Auekliind,  J.  C. 
Htt«ikin«;  IIiiniiU<^n,  K.  Seddon  ;  Tau* 
ruTiga,  r  MollaU  ;  Ha»ting»,  J,  G. 
Parker  J  Waipawn,  tl.  McLean ;  Xew 
Plymouth,  R.  Crockett  ;  Matapu,  J. 
He^lop  ;  Hnvrera,  J.  M.  Htgnett  } 
Stratford,  F,  Arden  j  OunterTtl'e, 
A.  P.  Smith  ;  Blenheim,  G*  J.  Ward  ; 
Ni-l-oiip  W.  J.  Ward  j  intercargdl, 
M,  O'Meara 

(The  Iiiipeoior«  of  Stock  are  also  In- 
spectors ot  Noxious  Weeds,) 


IjiaPSCTOBS    U^DEK     RjLfiQIT    Hui&AVOB 

Act. 

The  Inspectors  of  Stock  are  Inspectors 
under  the  R»bbit  Xm*ADce  Act. 

Rabbit  Agents  — Nguruawahia,  B.  fiaylyi 
Oambridgf*,  B.  AiexAnder ;  Kiliikifii, 
J.  Cases  Wai«»,  W,  C.  King  j  Pahia- 
tua,  T.  Bacon ;  Uppfr  Rangiiikei, 
C,  WarsGii  J  Maeterton,  J.  Hallignu; 
TnuerUf  11,  Miinro;  Alfreiton»  H.  S. 
Dssheri  JohnsoiiTille,  W.  Iio»#;  Levin, 
W»  S.  Goodall  ;  Blenheim,  G.  Gie  j 
Mcluoka»  A.  C.  Huck worth  ;  Mount 
Somer^,  C.  Brarngan ;  Fairlie.  W.  Juhn- 
ston  J  Waimnle,  E,  F.  iJulliTan  ;  Lees- 
ton,  C  S.  Nerille  j  Kurow,  E.T.  Payne  i 
Miiheno,  F.  Urquhiirt;  Inch  Valley, 
A.  Hughe«  I  Waikouaiti,  B.  Grnut ; 
Taieri,  H.  McLeod;  Suiton,  R,  Irting; 
Waitiifttft»  a  8.  Dftlglieih  ;  Clyde,  A. 
Clarke  ;  Roiburgh,  J.  G.  John- 
ston J  Lawrence,  E.  Fowh-r  j  Owaka, 
I  F.  W.  Blairi  Bivlcluibtt,  H.  A. 
Mniiro  J     r»pQnui,     A.     C.    Clapoolt ; 


j 


NEW     ZEALAND    OFFICIAL     TEAR-BOOS 


Bare,  M^  McLeod  i  Liim«deii,  H- 
Heckler;  Wjndilmin,  D.  McLeod  j  In- 
Tercftrgill,  J.  McKellar  j  E-iTertofi, 
J.  R.  Whjtjorti  ;  Oromw**!!,  8.  W* 
Finli ;  QueeDfttoirn,  J.  Wilion 


RAILWAYS  DEPAHTMKNT, 
Minister  for  Rail wa^i— Hon.  Sir  J.  O 
W»fd,  K.C.M.O.  * 

Head  Office. 

Cliief  Clerk -R   W.  McViltj 

Clerka— E.  J.  Andrew*,  B.  M.  WilBon. 
W.  S.  Rirller,  J.  L.  Day,  J  O.  DufT, 
J.  His-kp,  J.  K.  Widilop,  J.  ¥.  Fogo, 
D.  MacKfllur,  J.  Thomson,  W.  A 
Welling^  P.  J.  MeGoverii,  W.  P 
MilUr,  F.  M.  81ierwood,  H  Oerftrri. 
F.  a  Fmi-er.  A,  J.  Leiruk,  VV.  If 
RrnniCf  J,  A,  Jones.  A.  H.  Q    Lamberi. 

0.  H.  Iloare 

Audit  Inspectopi— n.  Munro,  R.  Hinlop. 

1,  Farit.  H.  Williawe 

Eailvrnj  Arcotintnni  — H,  DttTideon 
gj^.rit^— J.  11  l^rtviea,  S  P.  CuHifl,  G.  Q 
WtUoii,  J^  MrLe4ni,  K.  Unvj.  A.  Morris, 
C.  Batten,  J  Fiitli,  W.  B  Ficbt-r,  E,  J 
Flt-ming,  H,  II.  Leopard.  R.  J.  Lor, 
W,  Bourki'.  X  pAlUe,  F.  W.  Jjiali. 
A,  U.  Hutit,  H  IJ.  Smith,  W.  E. 
Aheri),  F.  K  Port«?ou%  A.  D.  C.  Gob- 
linan^  T.  A.  O'Connor,  A.  E.  Wilson, 
fC.  C.  Felton.  J  W,  Dayman.  W,  H 
Siinmoni.  J.  B.  Gatjntli?U,  P.  J 
Wright,  A.  1\  pRrkt'B,  H  J.  Heath, 
X,  IJ,  JuivEf,  N.  O.  McKaj 

Stoues  Branch. 
a  Lore*  Manaeer— O.  Fetlon 
filar««  Audit  Inupcetor  — F.  J.  Dawe* 
Ol«rka— M,  C.   Kowe,   0.   U.   Noric,   S 
Alf>e,  U.  W.  Burhor,  A.  E   Bujei,  W. 
G.   Wmy,   R.  P.  Bray,  L.   G.  Porter, 
8      8.     MiiHngton,     J.     L.     Leydon, 
A,  O.  Lincoln,  J    Brabinpr  J.  Iliije»» 
V.  C.   Hardie,   G.    D.    PkUIc,   W,    P. 
McCormick,    J.    P.    HdrrlB,     H.    K. 
Adam^oti 

THAFFiu  Bkakch. 
Chief  TralUc  Miuiaper— IL  Biiiton 
Rt^lit'Ting  Diitrici  Traffit-    Manugw — H. 
Baiter 


Clerks— J.    E.    Annetrong.    G-    A 

Robif>8on,  J.  D.  Na»l) 
TralTic  Siiprrinlcnd*fiit« — WelliHgtdn^  T. 

Arthtjr;    Duiiedin,  A,  Grant 
Diniric!)     Managpri — Whangarei,    J.    D. 

HarriB  j     Aiickknii,    T,    W.    Wa)t«  ^ 

Waiiganiii,  W.  J.  Stringlemnn  j  Weit- 

land,  J.  Aihl<»y  i    Chrjitchurcli,  S.  F. 

Whitjcombe;   InTermrgiil,  C.  A.  Piper 
SmtionmaBtpre    in    Cimrgp^  Knwakawa^ 

A.   M.   Arthur;   Knihn,   R.   B,   Peat; 

Gisbornc^  G.  G    Wellsted  ;   Wesiporl, 

1\    liay-Mackeniie ;     Ndson^    E.    G. 

Wdaon  ;    Pirton,  T.  S.  Edwards 

Maiwtknakcb  Bbakch. 

Chii'f  Engineer  for  Wcirkjog  Ratlwaja— 
I      J.  Coom,  M.IrvBtC.E. 
j  Inapecting  Engineer — J.  Burnett,  MJnal. 
C.E. 

Signal  F"iigiiiefrr — H .J. Wynne,  A.M.ln«U 
C.E 

Hallway  I^»»d  OfTieer-J.  T.  Ford 

Inspector  of  Brtd^^e  CoDatruetion — A    H. 
Alabaster 
,  Eleelrioiftii— J.  1\  Fahy,  A,M.LE.K. 
'  Elect rie  Me«;iianii"i»n — T»  Hendrj 

Electrir  Lines  liiepector  — E.  A.  Tomkie* 

Office  Engineer— G.  A.  Troup 

Draughtjmen— J.  B<^8ftnt,  Ad.  Howitt, 
A.  S.  Henderson,  W.  W.  Fry,  A.  8. 
Wanebrouigh,  E.  C.  M.  McE&v 

Clerks --W.  P.  Hicks  W.  A/Mirama. 
II  Jesnip,  T.  IL  Wil»<on,  E,  S.  EelU, 
H,  W,  Rowden,  J  IL  Robb,  F.  J. 
Rowden,  E,  D.  Richarda,  W.  B. 
O'Brien  I,  G.  P.  Parrell,  T,  TreziMJ, 
If.  McAhtter,  F.  T.  A.  WilliamB> 
G-  H  Ft-arn,  V.  W,  W.  Yminior©, 
R  Greig,  A.  C.  F.  Duff,  P.  McGrath, 
W    IL  Lindop 

Diitrict  Engineers  —  Auckland,  D.  T. 
Mclnloah  ;  Wanganui^  C,  H.  Bias; 
Wellington,  F.  J.  Jones  j  Weitport 
and  Westbind,  F.  0.  Widdop  i  Christ* 
church,  H.  Macandrew  J  Dunedin, 
F,  W\  Mac  Lean  ;  Inirerc*rgill,  A-  J. 
Mi.'Crt»die 

Re*ident  Engineer — Fetone,  A.  C.  Koch 

LoooMonvE  Bbafcb, 
Chief  Mechanicll  Engineer— A  ,  L,  Bealtie 
Clerks— J.  P.  Kelly,  R.  Aekins,  D.  J>, 
Weir,  B-  A,  Harris,  J*  Wortbingtoo^ 
C.  H.  Virtue,  H.  McKeowen,  C.  L, 
Pet  I  it.  N  P.  G.  Ewnrt,  L.  C  Fama, 
N,  G.  Hawthorn,  J  M.  Porteoua, 
J,    p.    MrKeowen,  L*  G.  Artustroiig^ 


OKI  IC14L    LIST, 


fy 


J,  R,    Ifob«*rt.50i»,  J.   M.    Hf»mingw*j, 
P,  Hurg^,  P  E,  Cleiiry,  L.  A.  J.  Km^rt. 
M.  H.  Satlitiin 
Cliicf  Prnugiiifin«w— R.  PjreSmith 

C.  Q,  Q.  B^rrv 
r  ^  -  fct"R,  H  P,  Ronavne 

I  -J,  W.  NichoU 
I^                    .     -iii#»er«^Auckl*nd,  A.  V 

Mncdminlci ;    WelIing1on-Napier-Ne« 
PljmoutlK  G    A-  Prarfton  ;    Kurunui 
Bhiir,  n.  H.  Jackson;  Weitport  and 
Weittland,    £.    E.    Gillon.      R^Heving, 
7,  T.  MuriBon 
Brtik^  Kneni*'er — J.  H,  Foi 
hoco  Ji»«i>erLor — E.  L,  W.  HaskinN 

BoABD  or  Apfial. 

^orik  I  aland. 

II  Kvre  Kennj,  Stipendtnrjr  Msgislmie 
Cltairnion.  appointed  b\  t  lir  GoTcnior    I 

W.    BofTlra,   TiAffic   Clerk,  Wellington,' 

W.  T.  Wil-on,  EMgincman,  el«:ted 
M   J,  Mack,  Guuni,  elected 
W.  Morriifcm,  Oiifigfr,,  elected 
W.    O.     D     KTarif,     Turner.     Poloue, 
fleeted 

I'liiiirniiiti    (to  be  appointed  by  tbo  Go 

rtmor) 
J.  Qmj,  Traffie  Iti*pector,  Christchurcb* 

elerUd 
A.  Williani*,  Guard,  Ifirercargill,  elected 
J,    Robert ion,  EDgitiemnn^   InTercsrgill, 

rjfcted 
J   H,  Jonf«»  Turner,  Addinglou,  elected 
T   Hall.  Ganger.  Dunedin,  elected 


n'BIJC  WORKS  DEPARTMENT,    I 

Bkap  Ofpick, 
UtiiUter   for    Public    Worka— Hon.  W. 

Hal!  *roiie» 
Coder  Secret ary—H.  J,  H.  Blow 
lof ineerinCiiief  —  P.    S.    Hay.  M.A.. 

M  In-tX.E, 
ln»|irctin0   Engineer — H.    W.    Holme*, 

*     -        —J,  Campben,  F  R.I.B.A, 
rk— W,  IK  Dtiuibcll 

.,  , .ant — O,  J-  Claplium 

Land  p<m"h»4e  OfTner— H.  TliompnoJi 
AmUUiiI  l^aJid-pur<'hiiic  Officer—E.  Buld 
Record  Clerk— 11,  W.  H.  Milljiii 


Clrrkf— G.  :C  Sebniidl,    P.   S,    W»Jdie» 
A*     Bidden,      A.     11,     Eimbell,     K. 
Jaeobf,  C,    E.   Crawford,  W.    McKa- 
mnrs.  H.  F.  CiirliPt  A*  Siimpton,  J.  J. 
Bennett,   A.  L,  Goldfineb.   L.   While, 
K.  W>bb.  E,  Tfudiill.  P.  J.  JeunelL 
W    H.  Boji,  R.  Bro*n 
Cliier  Draiiizbttman  — W.  G.  Rutberford 
nraughlimen — E.  Jaek«on,  C.   A.  Law. 
fence,   W»   Wirbern,    L.   L.    Bioliardu, 
W,  G,  C  Swon,  J.  H.    Pric<-.  A,  E 
King,  R.  G.  Applegartb,  A.  F  Mjirrae, 
S*  W.  Mav-SomerriJle,   A-    T.    Ford» 
G.T.  Venning.  M.  Walker  H.  C,  NuMb, 
A.   Stevenson,    I>.    M.    Eenn,    R,    H, 
Warner,  P.  F,  M   Burruwf,  A.  S,  Col- 
Tin 
11  end  8lorekeep*r  — J.  C,  Fulton 
I  EnKineering  CadeU— T.  M,  Ball,  H.  O. 
,       SImtinoii,  T.  G.  C.  Mackay,  G.  H.  J. 
I       M  ell  sop 

I  Arcliit^^einnl  Cadet— B.  F.  Kelly  ' 

Clerical  Ctidet-L.  W,  Wogan 
Clerital   CadeileB  — W.    L.    J.   Mellaop, 
G,  F.  Ed  en  borough 

DiBTRicr  OmcB6. 
Districl    Engineer*  —  Auckland^    C,    K 

Yiokerman;    Dunedin,   E,  R.  Ui»ber, 

MJnul.C.E. 
Resident    Engineer!  —  Tatbapej    G»    L* 
I      Cook,    M.lnit.CK  ;    Pinaka.    J.    D. 

Loueb,  AMoe.M.lnst  C.E,  ;  Obakune, 

J.    J.    Hay,    MA.-.    NeUon,    W.   A. 

81min  ;  Wrslport,  K.  A.  Young,  Amoc, 

M^lnslCE.  ;    GreTmouth,  J.    Tlitrnj- 

•on,    BE.,    M.ln^LC.E.  ;    Springfield. 
I      X  A.  WrUon,  M.lnjtCE.  ;  Stratford, 
'       F.  W,  Furkert 
AMi»istant  Engineers — S.  J.  Harding^  J,  H. 

Dobnon,  F.   M.   Hew^on,  J.   llitniiBli, 

J.  U.  Ijewis,  G.  C.  Mc'Glushan,  C.  K, 
I  Armslrong^  W.  Widdowion,  H,  Dick* 
:  »on,  J.  W.  E.  MeEnnis,  A.  Rosi*, 
',       J.  V.  Haskell,  J.  Meenan,  A,  Stewart. 

W.  P.  Moyniban,   W.  Slierrail.  C.  J, 

McKeniie,  F,  P.  Bartlej,  J.  J.  Wilson. 

F.  S.  Dy *on,  J    Wood,  H.  Vickerman. 

B.Sc.,  L.  B.  Canjpbell,  J.  Korrii 
Engineering  Suriejora  — U.  it.  Atkinauni 

H,  M.  W.  Ricbirdaon 
Engineering  Cadet» — W.  E.  Fittgerald, 

P.  Keller,  F.   C\  Hay,  H.  M.  Sharp. 

T.    M.    Crawford,   H.    T.    Thompson. 

R.  Park,  H.  PaUerson,  W,  Hall-Jonei. 

jan„   A.    J,    Bilker,   C.    D     HandJey. 

A,  D    Thorpe,  W.  G.   Pearce,  G,  G* 

WiUon,  J.  R,  Marki,  F.  £ii4ell,  W.tt. 


King 


I 


64 


SEW    ZSALAJfD    OFFICIAL    TKAH-600K. 


UraughUmeii— C.  Wood,  J.  Biiird,  W.  If. 
Hie-lop,  T,  J,  Mc'Coiker.  J.  J.  Fmscr. 
H.  a  W.  WrinK,  J.  B.  Koberlton, 
W.  J.  C.  SUxie,  A.  W.  Kemp 

Clerks— C.  T.  Rush  brook,  A.  R.  Stone, 
J.  H.  DtntoD.  A.  J.  Sufdiffc,  E.  VYad- 
dril,  T.  J.  Gardiner,  J,  Holroyd,  E.  W, 
I/Es-trange,  A.  R.  Tnylcr,  M.  E,  Bdiikf*. 
H.  OmTP,  G.  T.  Gmee,  E.  Q  Benle, 
J,  A.  ^^nar*-,  0.  A.  Aiftbone,  K,  J. 
KdHttrde,  L,  M.  Sbem,  S.  A.  Hollftnd, 
L.  W,  Purconfl,  W.  A.  Bi^wic,  A.  D. 
Park,  H,  M.  U'DoimWI,  H.  Uolviu, 
W.  Soiherim,  C.  Bnll.  E.  J.  M.  S«r- 
geut,  A,  Ho«5,  P.  il.  Benton,  R.  M. 
Cur  roll 

t^torekeeper*  — T.  DougluB^  S.  J.  Mou- 
crieir,  K.  Kidd 

'Clerical  Cadeiie— E,  J.  Colqulioun 


DEPARTMENT  OP  ROAOa 

Head  Officb, 

Minister    in    C barge  —  liou,    W.   Hall- 

Chief  En|iine<?r— C.  W,  HuratbouBe 

Chief  Ckrk'-W.  3*  Short  (eolicitorj 

Chief  Aecotiiit&nt — J.  R.  Smylh 

AiMBlBtit  Accounlaut — 

Clerks- J.  O.  Anaun,  il.  Ariiuir,  E.  U. 
Bak<rr,  W.  BanlttT,  F.  Blake,  J.  W. 
Bbek,  C  E.  Beiirjett,  J.  Coiinell, 
0.  ElliaoD.  A,  W,  Itines,  R.  F.  Mud- 
den,  F.  Mueller,  R.  B.  Oir.  J.  B. 
Poytil^r,  L.  E.  Jc»hii!«on  . 

Dxauf^btsmnn — Q.  H.  Murmv 

Cadetfl— «I^'  D.  Brosiiau,  Q.  F,  Jack»ort| 
J.  M.  Tudhope 

nut  rut  Officers. 

Diilricfc  Rottd  Eiigiiieer» — Aurkkud, 
A.  B.  Wright;  To  Km  Li,  T.  Burd  ; 
Rotorua,  A.  C.  TurTier  j  Ha\vke*a  Bay, 
D.  N.  McMdlan  ;  Taranaki,  G.  T.  Mur- 
rmy ;  Wfltiganui,  K.  II.  Reii.ri*»j  j  Wei* 
liiigt4jri,  Q,  F.  Robinson  ;  Marlboraugh. 
0.  H-  William*  i  Canterbury.  F.  B. 
Wither  ;  Sauthland,  J.  H.  Trefirder 

Aiiistaut  Road  Engineem  —  Aui'kbial, 
A,  n*  Vickeruian  j  Rotorua,  C.  B. 
Turner^  K.  M.  Doniddson  ;  Te  Kmti, 
A*  Julian,  A.  L,  Sealy;  Wellington, 
T,  Carroll 

Dittrict  AccoutitJiiils— Auckland,  G.  A. 
KalU'dder  ;   Wellington,  R.  Moire 


Clerka  —  AuL^kland,  II.  J,  Katie nd er  ; 
Rotor iia,  W.  J.  Wigga  ;  Te  Kmti, 
F.  fl.  8im^  C.  Turner  I  Huwke'a  Bay, 
P,  S.  Foley  ;  Turanaki.  J,  Clarke,  O.  W, 
Riehardft  j  Wangtnui,   F.  Maii^oD,  W» 

I  Mereon,  J.  R.  Cade,  R.  F.  Bnllantiue  j 
Welliriiiton.  P.  J.  Morrjin,  S,  d'A. 
Qrut,  T.  C,    Duncfvij;    ^'el3on,    J.  A. 

I       Hny  ;    Marlborough,  F.    H.  lbbet«oti ; 

I  Wejtilniid.  L.  Cooler  j  Caiiterbury, 
P.  W.  Willson ;  Otago,  W.  If.  Trimble; 

j      SouthUnd.  N.  J.  Ryan,  R.  W.  Gdl 
Cadets— A uekl and,  U.  Watkiuson,  W,  E. 

I  Mnrdoiii  Rotorua,  C.  W.  Carrerj 
iBranukij  IL  Powt  li ;  Wanganui,  H.  A- 
JoTre,  T.  L.  Cooper  j  Southland,  F.  K. 
Wdkie 

i  DmiightsnieD  — Auckland,  R,  0.  Ander- 
son j   Kt>toriin»  F.  i.  Klli»;   Te  Kuiti, 

I  J.  T.  V.  Kirby;  Havrko'*  Bay,  P.  3. 
Reauey,   W.    IL    Qilmour ;    Tttnuiakt, 

I  C.  H.  Lftwu  J  Welliugton,  G,  R.  Ibbet- 
»on 
Road  luapeetora  —  Auckland,  Q-.  Q, 
Meiaiee.  R.  J.  BalT,  R.  R.  Menziea, 
R.  Ui!l,  II.  II-  Tbooippou,  S.  R.  Jamee, 
J.  fliggiijs,  J.  W,  Civil ;  Kotorua,  W, 
Fairlt-y ;  le  Kuiu,  R»  Barroo,  B.  J. 
Early »      J.      Williau]>iH>ii ;       UawkeV* 

I  Bay,  T.  E  Straucbon,  D*  Q-, 
Rob*  rtaon ;  Taratmkt,  W»  J.  Wor- 
thingtoii,  H.  C.  Stromboui,  E.  Julian, 
R,    D,    To<^awill ;    Wangai^ui^    A.    L. 

j       Soofiiit,  R,  S.  Suinniem,  B,  WollT,   W. 

'  Waiera  i  Wellingtoo,  W.  Nathan, 
J,  C.  acoU,  C.  Uardiivge,  G.  T.  Wliit- 
taker  ;  Ncle-oUj  J,  F.  Raarnusaen,  J. 
Brougli  I  Weelland,  W,  Adair  ;  Can- 
terbury, R.  H.  Young,  U,  Hurrell ; 
Otago,  B.  Marr,  J.  Ke'ly  ;  SouLliland, 
H,  a  Su(  ton 
Btidge    Inspector  —  To    Kuili,    M.    W. 

For«ylh 
Overseeri  —  Ai^ckland,  A.  L,  Mensies ; 
Kotoruft,  G.  11.  Donnldfou,  B.  Re  illy  j 
Te  Kuiii,  W.  Bond,  J.  Sn  vLh ;  Hawke'a 
B^y,  J.  Allison,  A.  W.  Horrid,  J.  McLeod, 
E,  Haliett,  W.  Braob  ;  Taranaki.  W. 
Kigg,  C.  ^kitrop,  G.  Den i eon,  C.  E. 
Ban'ou,  J.  Cwddy ;  Wanganui,  J.  A. 
Rutherford,  E.  A.  Vine,"  J.  Corlett, 
E  Gould,  G.  F.  Mane-ou,  A.  II. 
Wriglit  ;  Weliinglon,  W.  Boy  den,  W. 
Cam|jbeli  j  Nelson,  M.  Greep,  J.  Quinn, 
U,  Gillhtink  ;  Marl  borough,  T.  Jame«, 
D.  Wiilaoo  J  We»tland,  A.  M.  Beer, 
P,  Purcell ;  Otago,  P.  FiUpatrick  j 
Sou  ill  land,  J.  Maber 


OFFICIAL   LIST. 


56 


DKPAHTMKNT  OF   DEFENCE. 

MinUli^r  of  D«-f«»nce— The    Right   Hon. 

Richmrd  John  Scddon,  P.C. 
PriTM«    SecrcUrj  —  CnpUin    Richard 

John  SpoUwood  SeddoQ,  K.Z^M. 
Under-S<?crer»rf  — 
Senior  Clrrk — Thornn*  FrAtictt  Qrcy 
Cleriod  C*d©t— iJiitid  Siaiile/  Ltoh* 

HKAl>qfTAETIB8   STAPP. 

ComtniifidiitU  of  the  New  Zr&Und   De* 

fpTicc  Forces —CoJott el  James  Melrille 

B«bin^07{,  H,M.  General  Staff  (locnl 

If  ttj  or  •  G  «*n  e  ral) 
St«^   Ofric«*r    to    Councandant  — Ciiptnin 

UUarle*  Lionel  Kirw«&  CaiupWll,  16tli 

(Tl»e  <Jueen*»)  Laneert 
A4«i«t«nt      Ad  j  11  taut  -  General  —  Brevet 

Lieutenant  -  Colonel    Edward    Wftlter 

Clervaui  Chajitor,  N  Z.M. 
StmS  OflSrer  of  Artillerj  —  Major  G#orge 

j^apter     Johiiitoo,    N.Z.M.    (Captain 

H.G.A.) 
Staff  OBtwr  Engineer  Sertice* — Captain 

AUc\    Chriftopber    Robinton    (R^Ej, 

Intpivltiig  Officer  Defence  Cad  el «  and 
Defeno^  Rifl^  Club#  —  Captain  Jobi* 
Getbin  Jlug1ie«,  D.8.0,,  NXM. 

SttrreMt- General  —  SidiieT  Skertnah 
(VJX),  NXM  ,  K.Z.M.C.  I 

Cbie!  Clerk -Wilbam  Edward  Butl«r        | 

Clerka  —  John     Frederick     Roekstrgw, 
William  Rickford  Collet t,  Henry  Binij 
^    '"  Jiioobe,  George  Francis  Rudkin 
!*rid  writer  and  Tjpute— EliiMb<>tb 
lid  Gardiner 

lysTitucTOBs* 
Artitlerj      Initrvictor —  Maeter^Gunner 

G'Hvr^e  S   Richardson  (R.A  ) 
E  Muirjcer    InMriictnr  —  Smff    Sergeant* 

Major  J.  P.  Eutfell  (R.E) 

Ckstnut.  BoAftp  or  Mixitavt  Ex  ami 

Kreaident  — BreTet-Colonel  William  Hd- 
d^n  Webb.  N.Z.M.  (late  H,M.   lOflib  | 
Fool)  I 

Ki«?culiTe  Officer  —  Lieutcnoiii  Tlioma*  | 
W    McDonald 

Clerk — Fr  *n  k  Jen  ni  ngu  I 

Mti.rrAiiT  pgicsioKft  BoAki}. 
Pretident^Bri^de  Surgeon-Lteutetiant- 
Colotiftl     WUliam     Edward     CoUioif 
5XM.C 


Membifr«  —  Surgeon  -  Major  Jaiuet  R. 
Purdj.  N.Z.M.C.  j  feurgeon  -  Captain 
William  £.  Herbert,  N.Z  M. 

^  Dbfbhcs  Stosb  Dipahtmivt. 

J)i;f«nce  Storekepp<?r — James  O'Sullifan 
Asautant  Storekeeper — Frederick  Silver 

Niw  ZxAi^KD  Febmakeitt  Fobcs. 
Mo^al  iVVip  Zealand  Jriitlff^. 
Officer  Cvmnmnditiff^ 
Major  John  Edward  Hutne 

Ojlficgrt, 
Captain  Herbert  Edward  Pilkingtoti 
Captain  William  P.  Wail 
Lieutenant  MurrnT  Menzie*  Gardner 
Lieutenant  George  B.  B.  Mickle 
Lieutenant  Robert  O   Che«nej 
Lieutenant  6jduejr  G.  handle 
Cadet—Iron  Xalham  Staodiab 

£oyat  3>ie  Zealand  Kn^inetrt, 
Lieutenant  Frank  S)mon 
Lirutenatit  Bnjner  B.  Sn*_vihe 
LieuU'nunt  John  Evelyn  Dui^an 
Hoiiorar)       Captain       Robert       Frmaer 

{Lieut.  R.K.R^) 
Honorary      Cnptain      Reginald      Moor« 

bona.*  (Ltent.  RN.R.) 
Honorary  Lieutenant  John  Macpherson 
Hnrvorary    Lieutenant    William    George 

Nelaon 

Surgf*on '  Qnptain      E.      W.      SLarmau, 

Ji  ZMC,  (Auckland) 
Surgeon    Captain      Hamilton      A.      U. 

Gilmer,  N.Z  M.  (Wellington) 

Honorarif  Chaplain*, 
ReT.  George  P.  Durya  (Welling l^n) 
Rev,    Edward    Eliot    Charabera    iV.D.), 
(Lyttellon) 

OfFICSRS  COMMAxV'DlNG  MlLITlA  AKP 
TOLrJfTEEK  Dl&TttlCTfi,  AwfTTAKTS, 
kVU  l^HlSQlVkh  MkiUCAJ*   OFPICKllfi, 

Aucklitwd, 
Offlcvr   Commiindinif   Diairict  —  BreTel- 

Colonel  Richard  HuUoti  Dariea,  C,B.. 

N.ZM, 
Prindpul      Mt'diral     OHlcfr  —  Brigade 

Surgeon  -  Lieutenant  •  Colonel     H«nry 

Walker,  N.Z.M.C. 


56 


SEW    ZBALAKO    OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


Officer  &>m  mending  Dlitrict  —  Brefel- 
ColonA  WiJliatii  HMen  Webb»N.Z.M< 
(Ute  H.M.  Umb  Fool) 

Adju'iiTit — Mjjof    Lewii    John    Jojee^ 

Principal  Mfdic&l  OlHctT  ^  Brigade 
:^iirgeoii-Lirateinttnt-Coloa(fl  William 
Edward  CoUitiS,  N.ZJIO. 

O  nicer  Commanding  Dbtrict  —  Major 
(t4*tTipuirftrj  LteyteMar.t'On^loneU  George 
Ceeil  liurleigli  Wolfe,  N.Z.M.  (Itite 
CftpUin  R.ftLLJ.) 

Afytlt^M^t^ Lieut <*imnl  (toinporary  Cap- 
rain)  Sjdney  ViiieenL  Trajk^  N.Z  M. 

PrnieipAl  Mnlicnt  Officer  —  Brigade 
Surjjeon.  •  Lieu^ellallt,  -  C^>l0!ipl  Walter 
Relf  Pearlesfl  (V.1X)»  N.Z.M.C. 

Canterburtf, 
OUicfftr  Commafuling    Difl^riet^Lieulen- 

tttit'Colant'l  Arthur  Uuuohop,  CM.Q-^ 

N.Z.M- 
Principal       Medical    Officer  —  Brigade 

SuTgi'on  -  Ltetjteimiit  ■  Colonel    Wnlter 

Tbomoi  (V.D),  N.Z.M.C. 

OiBi'er  Coninmnding  District  —  Bre v»  t- 
Colanel  Alfred  Willi.im  Robin,  C,B., 
N.Z.M. 

Principal  Mt-dical  Offii-er  —  Brieadti 
Surgeon  •  Lieulenant  •  Colonel  Harrj 
Archibald  dtf  Lautotir  (V.D.).  N,Z,M,0. 


NEW  ZKALAND  POLICE  DEPART- 
MENT. 
Bead  O^tt . 
Coin miMii oner — Walttr  Binuie 
Chief    Clerk     and     AccoutiUnt  —  Sub- 
Inspector  Arthur  li.  Wright 

Insppctori^Johii  Ciillen,  John  Wybrant 
Elliion^  Rahert  Jftmea  GdUeii,  Terence 
O'Brien,  Kweti  ^[ttcdonell,  Nicholas 
Kiely.  Kdwifcrd  Wilaon,  Alfred  Jame» 
Mifchell 

8 ub* Inspectors  —  Patriek  Bltick.  Henrjr 
Green^  J(»hn  Dwjer,  John  O'DonoTiin, 
Arthur  H.  Wrighf,  DotigloM  Gordon 


DEPARTMENT  OP  LANDS'  AND 

SUKVKW 
Head  Okficb. 

MiniAler  of  Lands  and  C  «mmia«ioDer  of 
Suki«  Forest! — Hon.  Tbotuju  Toang 
Duncan 

Under-Secretary  for  Crown  Lands  — 
W.  C.  Kensington 

Acting  Survejof  ►  Qeoeral  —  T.  Hum- 
phries 

Chief  Draughtainan — F.  \V,  Flanagan 

Chief  Clerk-F.T.  O'Neill 

Audi  lor  of  Ltind  Refenua  —  W,  Q, 
Runcie 

Accountant — R,  A,  Pateraon 

Auckland  DiaxRicT. 
Chief    Surrejor    and    Commiafioneir   of 

Crown  Lands — J.  Alacki  nsii» 
Dinlrict  SurvejorA— -J,  Langrnuir,  G.  A. 

Martin,    il.    D.    M.    Has^ard,    W,  J. 

Wh*  ekr,  T.  K.  Thompson,  R.  S,  Gal- 

braith 
As#i*tant  SurTPTopB — A.  G.  AUom,  H,  F. 

Edgecumbe,  W,  C,  O^Nelll 
Chief  Draughlsman — C.  R.  Pollen 
Receiver    of    Laud    Rerenue  —  T,    M. 

Taj  lor 

HAWKB'i  i-iA¥  DiaTEicr, 
Chief    Snrvevor   and    Comnii<*Bioner    of 

Crown  L»n'l*"E»  C.  G^ild  Smith 
District   Lana   OfQcer,  Gi«borae^ — F*  9. 

StniLh 
Distriot    Surfeyora  —  F*    B.  Smith,    T- 

Chief  DraiightftTma-^Jamei  Haj 
Receiver  of  Land  Rerenue— F,  Bull 

TlKAKAKt    DiaTBlCT, 

Chief    Surrejor    and    Coinmisiioner    of 

Crown  Lands — F.  Simpson 
District  Sorrejorn— H.  M.  Skeot,  G.  H. 

BuUard,  W.  T,  Morpelh 
Chief  Draughtsinati^ — W-  H,  8kinner 
Ret^etrtr  oF  Land  Revenue — F.  A.  CuUen 

Wkllinotow  DiaTHlCT. 
Chief   Surveyor    and    CominiAiiouer    of 

Crown  Lands— J.  Stnuichon 
Di-trict  Surreyors— J.   D.  CUnne,  F,   A- 

lhoinp«or»»    II.   J,   Lowe,   J.    McJLiy, 

J.  R.  Stntchan 
AiMstimii    Surveyors  —  II.    E,    Girdle* 

Bione,  E.  A*  Marchant 
Chief  Druughtsnion^L*  Smith 
Receiver  of  Laud  Rereuue— T,  G.  Waitt 


OFrtCIAL   LIST. 


67 


rhief    SufT^yor    and     Comnitft^iuner    ol  I 
i.'flrii  Lmidf— W,  G.  Mrirmv  I 

buUK^l  Surrey <*n — J.  A,  Moiitgotneric,  j 
J.Snodgna*,  B.  T.  Sudd,  J.  D.  Thom^ 
foil  I 

Clii«fDimufh«ftnin— W  D,  B    Murm?     I 

lUrPfTer  of  Land   Reveime  — A.  J.  Red-  ' 


Cbttf  Surf(*yor    and    Commii^ioner    of 

Crown  Undi-H.  Trent 
Piilrict  Surreyor— D.  W-  Gilliet 
Aniftant  Surrejor— W.  C,  MoAliater 
Ctikef  DimagbUroao  and  Beoei  ver  of  Land 

KfTfDue — W.  Annslrotig 

WlTTLAVS  DiaTKlCT. 

CM  8arrpyor  and  Commissioiier  of 
Crown  Landt — G,  J,  Roberta 

Dulfict  9urTe>ora  —  W.  Wilson,  H. 
HAttland,  D/A.  I.  Bitrrnn 

ChH  Dmaghttman— T.  M.  Grant 

R^-ffifer  of  Land  RcTeniie — A.  D.  A. 
MtrftfUne 

CAKTlBBniT    DriTBICT. 

Chj^f  Surrejer  and  Commisiioner  of 
Crown  Laiidt — T.  Huniphne»  (aUo 
Arling:  S u tT ej or  G<'»t*!ra I) 

DiilriH  Sorter  on  —  T.  N.  Brodrick. 
0  0.  MrCla're 

Cliiff  I)rftiiplif*m*n  — C«  B*  Shanks 

Rr  ...... .f  Land  Keren  we— A,  A.  McNab 

nt  of  Village  Settlemente— 


OTa(K»  DlSTBlCT. 
Cluff    Surrejor    iind    CotnmiMioner    of 

CV«3wr»  Land» — Dutid  Barron 
'         t    SurveTor*— E.    H.  Wilmoi,    D 

ader,  W.  T.  Neil! 
i-ji<ri  lir'auplit^mttn — 9.  Thompion 
KtofjTtfr  of  Land  Refenue— G  A.  Rende 

SOUTBI^AKD   DiSTBlCT. 
rfff   SurreTor    atid     Conimiiiioner    of 

ilrict  8upTeyor — 

ti  Drauphtiman^G.  Robinnon 

dierof  Land  Rerenue— H.  L.  Welcli 

HsKltsKA  OF  Land  Boauds. 
bland—  J.   Mackenitt*.  J.  Ren«l»aw, 
R,    nnrrit^    M.    VV.    Armitrotig, 
W.  M.  Bankarl 


Hiiwke**  Bav*-E.  C.  Gold  Smith,  T. 
Hvde,    R/  R.  Groom,    C-    R.    Bainei, 

0,'E  Burtram 
Taranaki  —  F.     SimpBODi     J.     HeAlop, 

JaTni>a   Rartenbury,  J.   B.  Connettf  J, 

McClug|i;iige 
Wellmgtijn--ir    Stniyehon,  A*  Reete,  J. 

Slefenft,  J.  Piiwson,  F,  H»  Robitiroo 
Nelson— W.  O.  Miirraj,  O    Ljnch,  J.  S, 

Wrntt,  G.  Walker,  A.  Bincluir 
Marlborough — H.  Treni,  ^J.    Redwood, 

A.  P.    Seymour,    H.    M     Reader,    G. 

Renner 
Weitland  —0.  J.  Robertt,  J.  S.  Lang,  A, 

CunidiiTig,  M.  Fulbck,  G.  Melliii^on 
Canterbury  —   T.     Liumpliriet,     A.     C. 

Pringle,  J,  Seiily»  J,  Allan,  J.  StcTen- 

fon 
Otago— D,   Barron,    G.  Li»ing«l.one,    J. 

Tuugh,  J.  M.  McKeniie,  W,  Dalfat 
SotiMiliind  —  J.     Hay,    A.    Kmiioi*,    J, 

Melniyre,  D.  King,  J.  AIcLeim 

Subtsyobb'  Boabd  UKDiB  *'Thk  Nsw 
Zkauikd  Ikstitctb  op  SUBVEYOa* 
A^'D    Boa  KB    op    Eiaiiinkes    Act, 

The  Surrey  or- General 
John  Strauehotj,  Esq 
Morgan  Caikeek,  Esq 
The  Hon   G.  F.  Richardson 
I  Thoroai  Ward.  Eaq. 

I  The  Surrey  or*  General  it  ex  qfflria  a 
I  meinher  of  the  BcNird.  Of  Ihe  nomii^ 
I  nated  memberf,  two  are  B«*leeted  antiually 
by  the  Minister  of  Land*,  and  two  by 
rhe  Council  of  the  Inslitureof  SurTejora. 
The  Board  is  one  of  the  Federated  Boarda 
of  Auatrahiaia,^  and  work<«  in  eonjunetion 
wiiU  I  hem. 

*NAT]TB  LaVB  FiTBCaABB   BOAED, 

Officer  iTj  Charge— P.  Sheridan 

State  Fohksts  Bbakoh. 
Chief  Fori^ater— H-  J.  Mai  thews 
Numcrynien  in  Charge— RotoruH,  H  A. 
Goudie :  Ewfburn,  A.  W.  Roberta  j 
Tai'Hnui,  R.  G  H.jbiiiann ;  Kurow, 
N*  Craig  ;  Starborough,  W,  CroTiib  f 
Hanmer  8pr»ngi»,  T.  B.  Ourle ;  Rua* 
Ungata,  L  J.  A  da  mi 


IMMIGRATION  DEPARTMENT. 

Minialer    for    Tmncigration — Ktglit  lion, 

R.  J.  Seddon 
Under- Secretary — W.  C  Kenringlon 


58 


HEW    ZEALAND   OPFEOIAL  YEAH*BOOK. 


VALUATION  DEPARTMENT. 

Miiiitter  in  Charge — f'on.  C.  H.  MilU 

Valuer-aencmi— O.  F-  C  Canipbell 

Officers  in  Chargo  —  A.  J.  McGtowiin^ 
Aucklftnd  ;  A.  E,  Fouler,  Welling^ 
ton  J  K.  Hepworth»  Clirist^hurt'li  j  A, 
Ololhier,  Dimedin  ;  T*  0«win,  ItiTer- 
Oftrgill 

Clerks— J.  W.  Black,  II.  L.  Wiggitii. 
G,  Halliday,  J.  Atkinsoti,  C.  J.  LoTatt, 
H.  A,  Andereoii,  F.  C.  Donglta 

Draught!  man — H.  H.  Setd 

inipectinff  Valuer — John  P»  Dugdale 

Diitrict  \  ttluer* — James  L  Wil*on,  jun., 
Whangareii  W.  F.  Thompson,  Peria  ; 
W.  Garrett,  J,  J.  ReTnolds,  B.  J 
Esam,  a.  W.  Hjde,  Auckland  i  H.  D 
Coutls,  Te  Kuiti  j  C.  F.  Lewia.  G-is- 
borne  ;  W.  E.  Griffin,  Napier ;  H.  J.  C 
CoutU,  Hawera;  S.  HilU  New  Ply- 
moatli  ;  A.  Barnii,  Wnngauut  ;  R. 
Gardner,  Palmer*ion  North  ;  G.  II. 
Llo/d,  Woodrille  J  J.  Fraser^  Master 
Um  J  J.  Ames,  F.  N.  Maptin,  Welling- 
toDi  T.  W.  CaTerhill  Petone ;  E. 
Kennj,  Piotou  ;  J.  Glen,  Nelson  ; 
J»  Webster.  Ookitika  ;  il.  Muppaj, 
W.  L.  Eerrjahan,  A.  Freeman,  Chn»t- 
chureh  j  K.  A.  Atkinson,  Oaoiarn  ;. 
W.  L.  Crftig,  J.  Wrigbt.  U.  G. 
FUi«er,  Dunedin  ;  R.  Milne,  Milton  ; 
J.  George,  Queenslown  i  John  Smaill, 
Gore;  A,  Pvper.  Inrereargill 

Clerks— Auckland,  T.  C.  Souif^rs,  F.  B 
Robertson  ;  Cliristchurc)!,  A»  Millar, 
J.  M.  Wbeeler,  C.  J.  Walker  j 
Dunedin,  C.  de  R.  Andrews 

CadelB— Aueklatid,  P.  G-  Penrce  j  Wcl- 
lirifiton,  G.  J,  Russell,  W.  LoTelh  A.  T. 
MeCaw,  C.  J.  Hurley  ;  Cbri^lcburch, 
H*  fl-  FatcU  J  Dunedtu,  D.  Corcomn. 
F.  K  Tucker;   IriTrrrar^ill.  G.  Forbc* 

CAdeltei  —  Wellington,  G.  F.  Cook©  j 
CliHslcburch,  N,  dn^ythe  ;  Dunedin, 
M.  J,  Dryi»da]e 


Aho  for  (he  folUmng  dUtriei§  : 
Auckland — 

J.  Kaekenzie,  Comnibsion«r  of  Crowti 
Land  I 

E.  Hall 
II»wtte*«  Bat — 

£.  C*  Gold   Smith,    Commiisioner   of 

Crown  Lands 
Thonms  Hyde 
Wellington — 
'      J.  Straui-hon,  CoQimissirner  of  Crown 
I'  Lands 

Alexander  Reose 
Taiarvaki — 

F.  Sinipion,  Commissbner  of   Crown 
liands 

John  Heslop 
Mftrlborougb — 

H.    Trent,    CommUtioner    of    Crttwn 
Lands 

J.  H.  Redwood 
Nelson — 

W.  G,  Murray,  Commiisioner  of  Crown 
Lands 

Franeia  Hamilton 
West  land  — 

G.  J-  Roberls,  Commiisioner  of  Crown 
L«ndi 

(A  ricunry  at  present  ©lists) 
Canterhiiry— 

1\  Humphries,  Cotomissionerof  Crown 
Lands 

A.  C.  Fringle 
Otago — 

D.    Barron,   Commissioner  of   Crown 
Irtind* 

A.  MeEerrow 
Soathland — 

J.  Uuj»  Com  miss  iouer  of  Crown  Lauds 

A.  Ktiiroas 


•■THE   LAND   FOR  SEITLEMENTS 
ACT,  imW/' 

hk^an  PlTBCBASB   BoA&D. 

Obairman  and  Land  Purchase  In- 
spector— A,  Barron 

Under-Secretary  for  Lands — W.  C*  Kens- 
ington 

SurTeyor- General — J.  W.  A,  Marchant 


FDBLIC  TRUST  OFFICE 

Publte  Trustee — J,  W,  Poynton 
Deputy  Pub:  10  Trunlee  and  Chief  Cterk^ 

A,  A,  E,  Duncan 
Soiit'itor — F.  J.  Wilson 
fnnpfctor — T.  S.  Eonaldson 
AccounUnt— T.  D,  Kendall 
Examiner — A.  Purtiie 
Clerks- in-Charge  — T,  Stephens,   W,   A. 

Fordham,   C.    Z&c'hftrifth»    P.    Herrey. 

Cloiks-E.  C.  Reeve,  P.  T.  Fair,  G,  A. 

Sm>tb,    E.     A.    SmTthe,    E.    N,    U. 

Browne,  W.  Barr.   K*  0.  Hales,  S.  W. 


OFFICIAJ^   LIST, 


58 


SmiU),  C  A.  Goldsmitb,  11 .  Mmitert. 
R.  Pric*,  N-  M.  Chwni»r,  H,  Turner. 
a  M,  CftWer*,  M.  E.  Niih,  J.  Meuiiw. 
K.  P.  HaT,  A.  a  Brelherion.  N.  M, 
M*edoog:ftn.  A.  L.  Ohappeli,  G.  H. 
CbeiUrman.  D.  H,  W,  Du  Tall. 
A.  H.  T.  Jonei,  J.  W.  Mnod jndd,  K.  K, 
McLean,  A.  Mack»r.  P»  NhtW,  E,  C. 
Qarkc,  G.  H*  Eliiff,*,  a/J.  Tobin. 
W.  G.  Baird 

DUirict  Ajfrnl,  Cbriatchurcli  —  M.  C 
Bariiell.  Clerk*  —  W.  S.  McGowan, 
G.  P.  Purncll,  P,  A,  Dcrerem,  A.  K. 
Hadfield.  A.  W-  IronBide 

Dutrict  Agent,  Auckknd— E.  F,  Warron. 

Clerks— A.  J.  CroM,  G.  M.  Morri*, 
A    K   JordaTi,  S-  Hunter 

Di^trct  Agent.  Napier  ^  J.  B.  Jack. 
Oftdeiee— J,  J,  Hutfon, 

Diftrici  Agent,  Dunedin — F.  H,  Moriee. 
Clfrrkf— J.  Allen,  C.  F.  Young,  T.  K. 
Moon,  R  A.  Ward 

DittriM  Ageni,  Grejmouth— T.  B.  Saj 
well.     Cadel— A.  W,  WaUcr» 

Diftnct  Agent,  NcUon— E.  P,  Watkii 
W«ai  Coatt  SetUement   Heter?eg  Aget)) 
and  District  AfEeiii,  New  Pljmouth— 
Tbomaf  W-  Fither.   Clerk*— IfOuwin, 
A.  Quirmej 


GOVKRNMKNT   INSURANOH 
DEPARTMENT 

Commiftiouer— J,  H. Richardson,  FT, A., 
FI  AT. 

Aatiaiant  Coipnii»aiotier — D.  M,  Ijucki^' 

AH^mrr— Morri«  Fox 

*^  -W.  B.  Hudson 

— G.  W.  Barltrop 

thui  Jjie<i<calOirH'er— T.  Caliill  ^hlh 

Ai«i«tant  Actuarv — P.  Muter 

Cliief  Clerk— R  C.  Nircn 

Office  Kxamincr— G,  A,  KenneLij 

Clerki— J.  W,  Kinnibargh,  W.  S.  SmilL, 
A,  H.Hamprton,  A.  Arerj,  F.  B.  Boll. 
T,  L.  Barker,  A.  L.  B.  Jordan,  H,  S 
Manning,  H.  Rote.  C,  K  Galvrej,  A,  T. 
Trarcrii.  G.  Webb,  F-  K.  Kciling, 
J,  B.  Young,  R.  P,  Hood,  a  A.  :S. 
Campbell,  J.  A,  Tliomion,  A.  de  Caitro, 
H.  L.  Lefeatam.  C.  H.  E.  Sticbburj. 
R.  T,  Smith,  S.  P.  nawtliome,  J.  Q, 
Reid,  J.  R.  Samson.  R.  FuHerlon,  G.  S 
Kieoll,  T.  Fouhy,  G.  E.  8add,  W.  II 


Woon,  W.  Spence.  11.  Wylie,  W  J. 
Eirart,  T,  M.  Dimant,  B.  Treritbick, 
P.  A,  Anderson,  M.  A.  Spicer.  E.  Too* 
man,  H.  Niroll,  £.  K.  Haj,  I.  Cou]t< 
hard,  W.  £.  Arnold.  W.  Tbomp«)ii, 
L  E.  Foot. 

Chief  Meiienger — ^W.  Archer 

Auckland  Agkitct. 
Oi«trict  Manager— W.  J.  Speight 
Chief  Clerk— G  Crichlon 
Clerks— C.  H.  Ralph,  P.  M   West 

Napibm  Aqbvct, 
Resident  Agent — J.  H.  Dean 

WAKOiKm  Aoiwot; 
Resident  Aeent— A.  K.  Allison 
Clerk— F.  D.  Bankf 

WjttuKGToii  AomcT. 

Dislrirt  Manager  and  Siiperrisor  of  Hew 

Business — G.  Robertson 
Chief  Clerk— M,  J.  K,  Hejwood 
Clerki  — W-    C.    Marclmnt,    A.   M,  Me* 

Donald,  G-  H.  Brialey 

NuLflON  Aojtucr, 
Besideni  A  gem  — A.  P,  Btirnes 
Olcrk— G.  L,  Osborne 

GfiBTMOrTH    AaiKOT. 

Reaident  Agent— R  S.  Latta 
Clerk— W.  OopcUnd 

CHRiB-rcurRCH  Agknct. 
District  Manager— J.  C  Prudhoe 
Chief  Clerk— J.  K.  Blenkhorn 
Clerk— G.  J.  Robertson 

TiMARU    AOEHCT, 

Resident  Agent— S.  T.  Wicksieed 


OAiiAur  Agency. 
I  Ri^sideiil  A^eni— A.  W.  G.  Burnes 
I  Clerk— J,  R.  Wallace 


DUNKDrK    AOBNCT. 

Difltric't  Manager— R.  S.  McGowan 

Chief  Clerk— O    H.  Finel 

Clerks— A.  Marryatt,  T.  P.  Laurenson 

INVERCAIIOILL    AOBNrr. 

Resident  Agent— J.  Fitidlajr 
Clerk— J.  liendrj 


60 


NBW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TEAR- BOOS. 


ADVANOKS  TO  SETTLKRS 
OFFICE. 
SuperiDtendent — P.  Hejei 
AesUtant  Superintendent — W.  Waddel 
Accountant— W.  N.  llincbliffe 
Clerks— J.  E.  Thompson,  C.  B.  Collins, 

C.  T.  Fraser,  A.  W.  Knowles,  A.  A. 

Pricbard,   W.   Auld,    T.    W.    Foote, 

H.  S.  O'Rourke,  C.  D.  Wil*on,  R.  a. 

McLennan,  A.  Tudliopp,  J.  F.  O'Leary, 

T.  W.  Vickery.    Typist— F.  W.  Crom- 

bie 
Cadets— J.  J.  M.  Harvey,  F.  J.  R.  Gled- 

hUl,  S.  O.  Clarke 


STATE  FIRE  INSURANCE  OFFICE 

Head  Officb. 
General  Manager — J.  W.  Brindley 
Acting   Accountant  and   Chief  Clerk  — 

J.  U.  Jerram 
Fire  Suryeyor— P.  H.  Pope 


Corresponding  and   Record  Clerk — O.  S* 

Jones 
Clerks- a  H.  T.  Skelley,  G.  W.  Owen. 

ish,  A.  P.  Brown. 
Ty piste — A.  Coltman 
Cadets  —  K.  J.  Thompson,  A.  Berry,  D. 

Button.  W.  Watson,  B.    McPherson, 

P.  Pal  tie 

Branch  Bs. 

Auckland, 
Manager — R.  J.  Lusher 
Chief  Clerk— C.  J.  McKean 
Cadets— N.  S.  Bojlan,  F.  R.  Grucning 

Canterhurif, 
Manager— F.  J  G.  Wilkinson 
Chief  Clerk— K.  B.  Bain 
Cadets — Cecil  Marshall,  D.  Morrison 

Otago  and  Soutk'amd. 
Manager — G.  J.  C  Smart 
Chief  Clerk— W.  Dobson 
Cadets— T.  A.  Fraser,  B.  McLetn 


Cadbts  in  Gotbbnmbnt  Sbbyiob  to  bb  Voluntbbbb. 

Cadets  in  the  Civil  Service  are  required,  after  arriving  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
years,  to  serve  for  three  years  in  a  Volunteer  corps.  Heads  of  Departments  are 
required  to  see  that  cadets  who  come  within  the  regulations  join  the  Volunteer 
Force,  and  serve  for  the  period  named,  and  also  to  notify  the  Under-Secretary  for 
Defence  of  the  appointment  of  all  cadets  coming  within  this  regulation. 


■  ECCIiESIASTICAL.  I 

BJMpift*  is  no  State  Church  in  the  colony,  nor  is  State  aid  given 
Wirtiy  form  of  religion.  Govemineut  in  the  early  days  set  aside 
certain  lands  as  endowments  for  various  religious  bodies,  but  nothing 
of  the  kind  has  been  done  for  many  years  past. 

CeUBCH     OF  THE    PROVINCE    OF    NbW    ZeALAND,    OO&CMONLT    CALLBD 

THE  **  Church  of  England."  j 

Bishops, 

The  Most  Rev.  Samuel  Tarratt  Nevill,  D.D.,  Dunedin ;  conse- 
crated 1871  (Primate). 

The  Rig;ht  Reverend  Moore  Richard  Noligan,  D,D.,  Auckland ; 
consecrated  1903. 

The  Right  Rev.  William  Leonard  Willianis,  D.D.,  Waiapu ; 
consecrated  1895. 

The  Right  Rev.  Frederic  Wallis,  D,D..  Wellington;  consecrated 
1895. 

The  Right  Rev.  Charles  Oliver  Mules,  M.A.,  Nel^n  ;  consecrated 
1892, 

The  Right  Rev.  Churchill  Julius,  D.D.,  Christchurch;  consecrated 
1890. 

The  Right  Rev.  Cecil  Wilson,  M.A,,  Melanesia;  consecrated 
1894. 

Roman  Catholic  Church.  , 

Archbishop, 

The  Most  Rev.  Francis  Redwood,  S.M.,  D.D.,  .\rchbishop  and 
Metropolitan,  Wellington;  consecrated  1874. 

Bishops. 

The  Right  Rev.  George  Michael  Lenihan,  D.D.,  .\ucklaQd ;  con* 
Becrated  1896. 

The  Right  Rev.  John  Joseph  Grimes,  S.M..  D.D.,  Chris tchurch  ; 
-consecrated  1887. 

The  Right  Rev.  Michael  Verdon,  D.D.»  Dunedin^,  consecrated 
1896.  , 

Annual  Meetings  and  Officers,  ' 

The  principal  present  heads  or  officers  of  the  various  Churches, 
iknd  the  places  and  times  of  holding  the  atiniml  or  periodical  assem- 
blies or  meetings,  are  as  follow  : — 

Church  of  E  fig  land. — For  Church  purposes,  the  colony  is  divided 
into  six  dioceses  —  viz.,  Auckland^  Waiapu»  Wellington,  Nelson* 
Christchnrch,  and  Dunedin.  The  General  Synod  meets  every  third 
year  in  one  or  other  of  the  dioceses.  Representatives  attend  from 
•eiieh  diocese,  and  also  from  the  diocese  of  i^Ifclanesia.  President, 
Ihe  Bishop  of  Dunedin,  Primate.  The  Diocesan  Synods  meet 
once  a  year,  under  the  presidency  of  the  Bishop  of  the  diocese. 
The  next  General  Synod  will  be  held  in  Duuijdin,  on  tlie  28ih 
January,  1907. 


62 


NEVT    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK, 


Bomafi  Catholic  Chturh.— The  diocese  of  Wellington,  eBtablisll^l 
in  1848,  was  in  1887  created  an  archdiocese  and  the  metropolitwP 
see.  There  are  three  sulfragan  dioceses — Auckland,  Chriatchurch,. 
and  Dunedio,  A  retreat  is  held  annually  in  each  of  the  four 
dioceses,  at  the  end  of  which  a  synod  is  held,  presided  over  by  the 
bishop  or  archbishop,  and  at  which  all  his  clergy  attend. 

In  January,  1899,  the  first  Provincial  Council  of  New  Zealand 
was  held  in  Wellington,  under  the  presidency  of  the  Metropolitan, 
and  attended  by  ali  the  suffragan  bishops,  and  a  number  of  priests 
elected  specially  in  each  diocese  as  representatives  of  the  whole 
Catholic  clergy  in  the  colony.  The  decrees  of  this  Council  were 
approved  by  Borne  in  April,  1900,  were  published  on  1st  January^ 
1901,  and  are  now  binding  in  every  diocese  in  the  colony. 

Preshyterian  Church  of  Netv  J^ealand,— The  General  Assembly 
will  meet  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  November,  1906,  in  Firat  Church, 
Dunediti.  Moderator,  the  Rev.  David  Borrie,  Dunedin ;  Senior 
Clerk,  Kev.  David  Sidey»  D.D.,  Napier  ;  Junior  Clerk,  Rev.  David 
Borrie»  Dunedio  i  Treasurer,  Rev,  W,  J.  Comrie ;  Presbyterian 
Church  Oilicee^  Wellington  ;  Theological  Professors,  Rev.  John 
Dunlop,  MA.,  D.D..  and  Rev.  Michael  Watt,  M.A.,  D,D..  Dunedin  ; 
Tutor  in  Greek,  Mr.  James  Dunbar,  Dunedin. 

Methodist  Church  of  Australasia  in  Neiv  Zealand.^ — The  annual 
New  Zealand  Conference  meets  on  or  about  the  last  Tuesday  in 
February,  the  exact  date  being  determined  by  the  President,  who 
holds  office  for  one  year.  Each  Conference  determines  where  the 
next  one  sliall  assemble.  President  (1906-7),  Rev.  T.  G.  Brooke, 
New  Plymouth  ;  Secretary,  Rev.  C.  H.  Laws,  B.A*»  Dunedin,  The 
next  Conference  is  to  meet  in  Durham  Street  Church,  Christchutch, 

Primitive  MetJiodist  Cormexion. — A  Conference  takes  place  every 
January.  The  next  is  to  be  held  at  New  Plymouth,  commencing 
10th  January,  1907.  The  Conference  oOkials  for  the  present  year 
are  :  President,  Mr,  Charles  Bellringer,  New  Plymouth  ;  Vice- 
President,  Rev.  J.  Olphert,  Feilding;  Secretary,  Rev.  Ben  Dudley, 
Waddington,  Canterbury ;  Hon.  District  Secretary,  Mr.  D.  Goldie, 
Pitt  Street,  Auckland  ;  Treasurer  of  Mission  Funds,  Mr.  Joseph 
Watkinson,  Wapiti,  Auckland, 

Baptist  Union  of  New  Zealand. — President,  Mr  A.  S.  Adams^ 
Dunedin  ;  Vice-President,  Mr.  H.  M.  Smeeton,  Auckland  ;  Secretary, 
Rev.  R.  S.  Gray,  Christchurch  ;  Treasurer,  Mr.  A.  Chidgey,  Christ- 
church  ;  Mission  Secretary,  Rev.  J»  C,  Martin,  Christchurch; 
Mission  Treasurer,  Mr.  A,  Hoby,  Wellington.  The  Union  coraprisea 
39  clmrches,  2r5  preaching  -  stations,  4,076  members,  and  a  con- 
stituency of  17,000,  The  denominational  organ  is  the  New  Zealand 
Baptist;  Editor,  Rev,  F,  W.  Boreham,  Mosgiel.  The  Foreign 
Missionary  Society,  with  an  average  income  of  Jtl,400,  employs  & 
doctor,  a  missionary,  three  zenana  ladies,  and  13  Native  helpers. 
The  sphere  of  operalions  is  in  North  Tippcrah,  East  Bengal* 

Congregatwnal  Union  of  Neto  Zealand. — The  annual  meetings 
iU-e  held  during  the  month  of  February,  at  such  place  as  may  be 


DEFENCES.  63 

tbdded  on  by  vote  of  the  Goancil.  Chairman  for  1906,  Rev.  G. 
Heighway,  Donedin ;  Chairman-elect,  Bev.  W.  Day,  Mount  Eden  ; 
Secretary,  Bev.  John  Wilkins,  Auckland;  Treasurer,  Mr.  W.  H. 
Lyon,  Auckland ;  Begistrar,  Mr.  G.  Hunt,  Wellington  ;  Head 
<Mfice,  Auckland.  In  1907  the  meeting  of  the  Council  will  be  held 
at  Dunedin.  The  Committee  of  the  Union  meets  in  Auckland  on 
the  second  Tuesday  of  each  month. 

Hebrews. — Ministers :  Bev.  S.  A.  Goldstein,  Auckland ;  Bev. 
fl.  van  Staveren,  Wellington ;  Bev.  I.  Bernstein,  Christchurch  ; 
Bev.  A.  T.  Chodowski,  Dunedin ;  Mr.  Alexander  Singer,  Hokitika. 
Ammal  meetings  of  the  general  congregations  are  usually  held  at 
these  places  daring  the  month  of  Elul  (about  the  end  of  August). 


DEFENCES,  MILITABY  AND  NAVAL. 

The  defence  forces  consist  of  the  Boyal  N.Z.  Artillery  and  Boyal 
N.Z.  Engineers,  and  the  auxiliary  forces  of  Volunteers,  Field 
Artillery,  Garrison  Artillery,  Engineers  (submarine  mining  and  field), 
Mounted  Bifles,  Bifle,  Cycle,  Field  Hospital  and  Bearer  Corps, 
Defence  Bifle  Clubs,  and  Defence  Cadets.  There  is  a  Commander 
of  the  Forces,  who  is  an  Imperial  officer.  A  Boyal  Artillery  officer 
is  Stafif  Officer  for  Artillery.  A  Boyal  Engineer  officer  is  Staff 
Officer  for  Engineer  Services.  To  the  Under-Secretary  for  Defence 
all  questions  of  expenditure  are  referred. 

Militia  and  Volunteer  Districts. 
The  two  Islands  (North  and  Middle)  are  divided  into  five  military 
districts,  each  commanded   by   an   officer  of   field   rank,    with  an 
Adjutant  and  clerical  staff,  besides  a  staff  of  N.C.O.s,  mostly  drawn 
from  the  Imperial  Army,  for  instruction  of  Volunteers. 

Boyal  N.Z.  Artillery. 
This  Force  is  divided  into  four  detachments,  which  are  stationed 
at  Auckland,  Wellington  (headquarters),  Lyttelton,  and  Dunedin; 
their  principal  duties  are  to  look  after  and  take  charge  of  all  guns, 
ordnance  stores,  ammunition,  and  munitions  of  war  at  these  four 
centres.  The  Force  has  a  strength  of  261  of  all  ranks,  the  autho- 
rised establishment  being  272. 

Boyal  N.Z.  Engineers. 

This  branch  is  divided  between  Auckland  and  Wellington,  with 
small  detachments  at  Lyttelton  and  Port  Chalmers,  and  has  a 
strength  of  94  of  all  ranks,  the  authorised  establishment  being  101. 
They  have  charge  of  two  submarine-mining  steamers  of  the  **  Sir 
F.  Chapman  "  class,  and  of  all  submarine-mining  and  electric- light 
stores. 

Volunteers. — Field  Artillery. 

There  are  six  batteries  of  Field  Artillery.  They  are  armed  with 
15-pounder  B.L.  and   6-pounder   Nordenfeldts,  on  field  carriages. 


04  NEW   ZBAI.AMD  OFFICIAL  YEAH-BOOK. 

and  go  ioto  camp  antiually  for  sixteen  days.     Present  strength »  440 
of  all  ranks  (34  officers  and  406  other  rankB). 

Volunteers. — Naval  and  Garrison  Artillery. 

There  are  nine  Garrison  Artillery  Corps.  They  go  into  camp 
annually  for  sixteen  days.  Present  strength,  62  officers  and  851 
other  ranks. 

Volunteers. — Engineers. 

There  are  six  Engineer  Corps,  two  Suhoiarine  Mining  and  four 
Field  Corps,  with  a  total  strength  of  519  of  all  ranks.  The  Sub- 
marine Miners  have  cutters,  Ac,  provided,  and  are  instrocted  in 
rowing,  knotting,  splicing,  signallings  and  other  duties  pertaining  to- 
this  branch  of  the  service.  Attendance  at  an  annual  camp  is  alsa 
compulsory.  The  Field  Engineers,  besides  carrying  rifles,  are  pro- 
vided with  entrenching  tools  and  all  appliances  for  blowing  up 
bridges  or  laying  land  mines.  Both  Submarine  Mining  and  Field 
Engineers  go  into  camp  for  sixteen  days  each  year. 

Volukteerb.— Mounted  Rifles. 
There  are  seventy- two  corps  of  Mounted  Kifles.     These  corps  go- 
in  to  camp  for  an  annual  training  of  seveu  days.     Present  strength, 
859  officers,  3,834  other  ranks. 

Volunteers, — Infantry  Corps. 
In  this  branch  of  the  service  there  are  a  hundred  and  twenty-ona 
corps,  with  a  strength  of  469  officers,  6,569  other  ranks.     These 
corps  go  into  camp  for  an  annual  training  of  six  days. 

Volunteers.— Cycle  Corps. 

There  are  Volunteer  Cycle  Corps  at  Wellington,  Christchnrch, 
and  Dnnedin,  of  a  maximum  strength  of  two  officers  and  thirty- 
two  non-commissioned  officers,  rank  and  file  :  they  are  attached  to- 
the  infantry  battalions  at  those  centres.  To  the  Cycle  Coi-ps  at 
Christchnrch  and  Dunedin  is  attached  a  Signalling  Detachment  of 
two  officers  and  thirty-four  other  ranks.  The  Signalling  Detach- 
ments at  other  centres  are  attached  to  Infantry  Corps. 

VoLUKTEEits, — Field  HosriTAL  and  Bearer  Corps. 
Volunteer  Field  Hospital  and  Bearer  Corps  at  Auckland,  Welling- 
ton, Christchurch,  acd  Dunedin  are  of  a  maximum  strength  of  three 
officers  and  fifty  oon-commissioned  officers,  rank  and  file.  There  ifi 
also  a  Bearer  Corps  at  Nelson  of  a  maximum  strength  of  two  officeri^ 
and  twenty* five  non-commissioned  officers,  rank  and  file* 

Volunteers. — Garrison  Bands. 
There  are  five  Garrison  Bands,  with  a  total  membe  rship  of  139. 

VOLUKTKERS. — DEFENCE    CaDET   CoRPB. 

There  is  a  force  of  fifty-eight  Cadet  CorpSi  with  a  total  strengtb 
of  3,129  of  all  ranks. 


DBFENCBS. 


Defence  Eifle  Clubr, 

Thefte  have  lately  been  established  by  the  Government.  Mem- 
bers can  purchase  rmes  at  cost-price  from  Government.  An  annual 
grant  of  ammunition  is  made  to  those  members  who  fulfil  condi- 
tions as  to  quarterly  drille,  &c.  There  are  116  Rifle  Clubs,  com- 
prising  3,046  members. 

Arms,  etc. 

The  whole  of  the  adult  portion  of  the  Force  have  Lee*Enfield 
carbines  or  rifles  ;  cadets  being  armed  with  magazine  Lee-Enfield 
and  Martini-Enfield  carbines.  Defence  Hifle  Clubs  are  armed  with 
magazioe  Lee-Enfield  rifles. 

Enrolment,  etc. 
Members  of  the  Permanent  Forces  are  enrolled  to  serve  for  a 
period  of  eight  years  from  enrolment,  the  last  three, years  of  such 
being  in  the  Reserve.  Every  member  may,  at  the  expiration  of  five 
years*  service,  if  of  good  character,  be  allowed  to  continue  in  active 
service  for  a  period  of  sixteen  years. 

Instructors. 
The  Instructors  for  Artillery  and  Engineer  and  Submarine 
Mining  Corps  are  obtained  from  the  School  of  Gunnery  at  Shoe- 
bury  ness,  and  from  the  Royal  Engineers  respectively,  under  a  three 
years'  engagement,  on  completion  of  which  they  return  to  their 
regiments,  if  not  re-engaged  for  a  further  term. 

Capitation. 

An  annual  capitation  of  £2  10s.  ia  granted  to  each  efficient 
garrison  and  held  artillery  and  infantry  Volunteer,  £3  10s.  to  each 
efficient  mounted  Volunteer,  and  1b.  6d.  to  each  efficient  caflet.  Two 
hundred  and  thirty  rounds  of  ball  cartridge  are  issued  each  year 
free  to  every  a*lult  Volunteer,  and  fifty  rounds  to  each  cadet  over 
thirteen  years  of  age. 

Administration. 

The  defence  forces  of  New  Zealand  are  administered  under  "The 
Defence  Act,  1886,"  and  '^The  Defence  Act  Amendment  Act,  1890/* 
and  the  General  Regulations  of  the  Defence  Forces  of  New  Zealand. 

Expenditure  on  the  Establishment  and  Maintenance  of 
Defences  from  1897'-98  to  1904-6.* 


7«u. 


Military 
Ezpenilitare. 


HBjrbour 
Defences. 


Total. 


£ 

£ 

i 

WT-^     .. 

83^004 

2,525 

85,529 

laoa^   . 

114.789 

10,158 

124,947 

ifio^idoo 

184,970 

5,328 

190,298 

I90D-1 

15C/J18 

3,960 

160,178 

imi'2 

250,478 

6,678 

257,156 

190S-3 

293,081 

6,126 

298,207 

19l»-» 

2ai»95a 

2,885 

224,844 

190W 

239.333 

2.515 

241,848 

Tb«  vp^GltJ  •^pcodltortf  OB  seeooni  of  coatingeots  for  Soaib  Africa  1«  not  ltio\u&«^ . 


66  NSW    ZBAhAND   OFFICIAL    ISAR-BOOE. 

DEPOTS    FOR    SHIPWRECKED    MARINERS. 

H  OUTLTINO   ISLANBS  OP   NeW   Zb ALAND, 

aIabinmrs  are  informed  that  depots  of  provisions  ar.d  clothing  for 
castaways  are  established  on  the  foUowiiig  islands;  — 

Kennadec  Islands . — There  are  two  depots,  each  a  small  iron 
shed,  fitted  with  spouting  and  a  tank  to  catch  water*  and  containing 
a  ssupply  of  clothing,  biscuits,  medicines,  tools,  ^c.  One  is  in  3(P 
15'  8,,  178^  31  W.,  at  Lava  Cascade,  about  Ij  cftble.s  Kouth-east* 
ward  of  the  northern  point  of  Macau  lay  Inland  ;  the  other  is  in 
30^  35'  S.,  178^'  36'  W,,  on  the  southern  side  of  Macdonald  Cove 
(crater),  on  the  N.W.  side  of  Curtis  Island, 

Snares  Islands.— A  depot  u  established  in  iS^  Qf^  S.,  166^  33|' 
E,,  in  Boat  Harbour,  at  the  eastern  end  of  N.E.  Island. 

Bounty  Islands. — ^The  depot  is  a  hut  at  an  eh?vation  of  120  ft., 
visible  from  the  northward,  and  situated  io  47*^  43 J'  S,,  179^  OJ' 
E.,  southward  of  the  western  inlet  of  the  principal  island — ^tba 
iiorth-eaatern — of  the  western  group. 

Antipodes  Islands. — The  depot  is  a  hut  at  an  elevation  of  1 00  ft,, 
Tisible  from  some  distance  north-eastward,  and  situated  in  49*^  iO' 
S.,  178°  50'  E,,  300  ft.  from  the  landing-place,  on  the  N,E.  side  of 
the  large  island,  and  half  a  mile  westward  of  its  east  point, 

Auckland  Islands, — There  aro  three  depots  on  the  principal 
island:  one,  a  square  wooden  house,  in  50^"  33J'  S,,  166^  12'  E.» 
and  a  boat  near  tlie  depot,  oo  the  S.  side  of  Erebus  Cove,  Port  Rofis; 
cm  the  E,  side  and  at  the  northern  end  of  the  islaud;  the  second  is 
in  m^  44J'  S.,  I660  8'  E.,  at  the  head  of  Norniiin  Inlet  (wrongly 
named  "  Musgrave  Inlet*'  on  charts),  and  not  at  tlie  inlet  named 
Norman  Inlet,  two  miles  and  a  half  northward;  the  third,  and  & 
boat  for  shipwrecked  people,  is  in  50^*  50 J'  S.,  166^*  V  E,,  in  the 
western  arm  of  Camp  Cove,  Carnley  Harbour,  at  the  S.  end  of  the 
island.  A  lifeboat  has  been  placed  on  Enderby  Island,  the  north* 
eastern  of  the  group  ;  another  at  the  N.W.  end  of  Adams  Is^land, 
the  southern  of  the  group  ;  and  one  on  Rose  It^land,  immediately 
S;W.  of  Enderby  Island. 

Campbell  Ishmd. — The  depot,  indicateil  by  a  white  staff  and  a 
boat,  is  in  52*^  33'  S.,  169^  6|'  E.,  in  Tucker  Cove,  at  the  head  o! 
S.  or  Perseverance  Harbour,  on  (he  east  side  of  the  island. 

Finger-posts  to  indicate  the  positions  of  the  depots  are  erected 
on  all  these  islands.  The  Government  steamer  visits  the  Kermadec 
Islands  once  a  yenr ;  and  the  Snares,  Bounty,  Antipodes,  Auckland, 
and  Campbell  Islands  twice  a  year. 

Vancouver  Island,   British  Columbia* 

Depots  with  provisions  and  other  necessaries  for  shipwrecked 
mariners  liave  been  established  at  Cape  Beale  Lighthouse  in  48*^ 
47J'  N,,  1250  13J^  W.,  and  Carmanah  Lighthouse  in  48<^  369*  N., 
J240  46 J^  W. 


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LESPERANCE  ROCK. 


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^^■^  DEPOTS   FOR   BHIinVKEOK£D   MABINEB8.  67 

Notice  boards  have  been  erected  at  intervals  between  Cape  Beale 
and  Port  San  Juan  (about  twelve  miles  eastward  of  Carmanah 
Lighthouse),  giving  information  for  the  u»e  of  shipwrecked 
mariners  respecting  the  direction  and  distance  of  the  nearest  light- 
bouse,  and  also  of  the  nearest  Indian  villige  where  assistance  can 
be  obtained, 

A  note  to  this  effect  has  been  placed  on  the  Admiraltj  charts; 
also,  that  Cape  Beale  and  Carmanah  Lighthouse  are  telegraph  and 
aignal  stations. 

InDUH   OcEAK:     AjtfisTERDAM,    ST-    PaUL,   AND   KeBOUBLBH  IsLANDS. 

Depoti  containing  provisions  and  clothing  for  the  use  of  ship- 
wrecked seamen  have  been  established  by  the  French  vessel-of-war 
**  Eure  *'  on  Amsterdam^  St,  Paul,  und  Kergiieleii  Islands. 

Amsterdam  hland,— The  depot  is  in  a  large  cavern,  in  approxi- 
mately 370  4Sf'  S.,  770  32V  E.,  in  the  side  of  a  hill,  about  80O 
yards  S.,  73^  W.  from  Hosken  Poini,  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the 
Island,  and  bears  N.  85*^  W,,  about  600  yards  from  the  first  flagsta^ 
southward  of  that  point.  At  the  entrance  of  the  cavern  is  a  board, 
fixed  to  two  upright  tarred  poi^tj-,  with  the  inscription,  **  France, 
Vivrfs,  Vftementa  patir  naufragh^  '  Eure,'  Janvier,  1893^"  on  it. 
This  depot  contains  1,350  lb.  of  preserved  beef,  1,125  lb,  of  biscuit^ 
teo  woollen  shirts,  ten  pairs  cotton  drawers^  ten  blankets,  and  one 
■oldered  metal  red  box  containing  four  packets  of  matches.  Tlie 
landiug-phice  used  by  the  '*  Eure  ^'  is  about  400  yards  southward  of 
Ho&kin  Point,  and  under  the  above  flagstaff » 

Directions  for  finding  the  Depot. — Having  landed,  go  to  either 
of  the  flagstaff^,  from  whence  a  crog=?  will  be  seen  ;  from  the  cross 
follow  the  direction  of  its  arms,  leading  past  two  ruins  of  rough 
gtones,  and  then  directly  to  the  cavern ,  the  entrance  to  which  faces 
fitaward*  In  the  cavern,  besides  the  provisions  and  clothing,  there 
are  cot«,  a  cooking- pot,  and  dry  wood,  left  by  the  fishermen  who 
ftometiraej*  live  there.  Cabbage  and  celery  will  be  found  near,  and 
fisli  and  lobsters  (crayfish)  abound  near  the  landing-place, 

St,  Paul  Island. — The  depot  is  in  a  hut  of  rough  stones  with  a 
thatched  roof,  in  approximately  38^  42 J'  S.,  77°  34|'  E.,  on  the 
northern  side  of  the  crater,  near  the  jetty  and  about  50  yards  from 
the  flagstaff,  and  contains  1,350  lb.  of  preserved  beef  in  boxes  of 
Sib.,  1,125  1b.  of  biscuit.^,  ten  woolkn  shirts,  ten  blankets,  and  one 
ioldered  metal  box  oontnining  four  packets  of  matchea.  The  pro- 
visions and  clothes  are  in  thirteen  iron-booped  barreU  coated  with 
tar  aod  sand,  and  placed  under  a  tarpaulin.  On  the  door  of  the 
but  is  the  inscription,  '*  France^  Vivresi  et  Vrtements  pour  nnufra- 
glif  *  Sure,'  Janvier,  1893 '\-  and  a  similar  inscription  is  on  a 
board  within  the  hut. 

Kerguehn  hland. — The  depot  is  approximately  49*^  16}'  S.,  69^ 
40}'  E.,  in  the  south-eastern  part  of  J«chnianii  Petiinsula,  Hills- 
borough  Day,  near  the  soul h -western  shore  of  the  eastern  lake,  and 
about  J  mife  northward  of  the  coast,  opposite  Gazelle  Basin.     It  ift 


1 


NBW     ZEALAND    OPFIGIAL    TRAR-BOOK. 


in  a  cave  at  the  foot  of  the  W.  cliff  of  a  rocky  chasm,  running  N. 
and  S.,  and  its  position  is  indicated  by  a  stone  cairn,  11}  ft.  in 
height,  and  about  1 4  ft,  broad  at  the  base,  erected  on  the  Bummit  of 
the  W.  cliff  of  the  chasm.  This  cairn,  visible  from  Gazelle  Basin,  is 
black,  and  shows  clearly  against  the  grey  rocks  which  form  the  back 
ground*  The  entrance  to  the  cave  has  been  closed  by  large  stones, 
and  on  tlie  cliff  a  few  yards  above  it  is  the  inscription,  '*  Vivres  et 
Viiementg,  *  Sure,'  Janvier,  189S.*'  This  depot  contains  2,2501b. 
of  preserved  beef  in  boxes  of  9  1b.,  1,125  1b,  of  biscuits,  twenty 
swan-skin  shirts^  twenty  pairs  of  woollen  drawers,  twenty  woollen 
blankets,  and  four  packets  of  matches.  The  boxes  of  preserved  beef 
are  stowed  in  a  pile,  coated  with  coal-tar.  The  biscuits  are  in  four 
iron-hooped  barrels,  thickly  covered  with  coal-tar.  The  clothes  are 
in  two  similar  barrels.  The  matches  are  in  a  hoi  similar  to  the 
beef -boxes,  painted  with  minium  (red  lead)  and  with  a  label  of  the 
contents  on  it. 

In  the  event  of  the  cairn  being  destroyed,  the  following  direc- 
tions should  be  followed  to  find  the  depot:  Land  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  inlet  opposite  Gazelle  Basin,  in  a  small  creek,  sheltered  by  a 
rocky  point,  where  boats  may  go  alongside  under  any  circum- 
stances of  wind  or  tide.  Proceed  directly  inland  about  J  mile  aa 
far  as  the  shore  of  the  lake,  then  torn  to  the  westward  and  follow 
the  lake  to  ita  western  end,  where  the  chasm  in  which  the  depot  ia 
situated  will  be  seen  on  the  left  hand. 

Crozet  Islands. 

Provision  depots  for  the  benefit  of  shipwrecked  persons  are  es- 
tablished at  the  following  islands:  — 

Hog  Island, — The  provision  depot  is  a  hut,  in  40°  6 J'  S.,  50^ 
14^'  E.,  near  the  landing-place  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  island,  3} 
miles  southward  of  the  Five  Giants,  which  lie  off  the  N.E,  point  of 
the  island.  In  December,  1887,  the  French  vessel  **  La  Meurtho  " 
left  at  this  depot  one  ton  of  preserved  beef,  }  ton  of  biscuit,  |  cwt. 
of  sardines  in  oil,  twenty  blankets,  fifteen  pairs  of  shoes,  and  fifteen 
pairs  of  cloth  trousers,  all  carefully  packed  in  boxes;  also  two 
spears,  two  hatchets,  and  cooking  utensils. 

Possession  ixhind. — The  provision  depot  consists  of  huts,  in  46<> 
23'  S.,  51°  46i'  E,»  about  100  yards  from  the  coast  in  the  S.E. 
corner  of  American  Bay,  which  is  on  the  E.  side  of  the  island,  and 
about  7  miles  from  Dark  Head»  the  N.E.  point.  H.M.S.  '*  Comus/' 
in  1880,  left  here  sufficient  provisions  for  fifty  people  for  fifty  days, 
also  jerseys,  trousers,  stockings,  and  shoes.  The  provisions  were 
intact  when  the  island  was  visited  by  the  French  vessel  *'  La 
Mourthe''  in  December,  1887. 


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PUBLIC  LlBiiAKY 


A8T0R,  LENOX   ANC 

7ILDFN  P^"«,M«.A  r    »NS. 


mm  *,«*-**iTf"  *C^' 


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TUK  I>.'r,Vv'  YOiNfv 

PUBLIC  L13KAKY 


AerOR,  LENOX  ANC 


ORAVINO-DO0K8   AND    PATENT   BLIPS. 


69 


GRAVING-DOCKS  AND  PATENT  SUPS. 

V88SBL3  TiBiting  New  Zealand^  and  requiring  docking  or  repain, 
win  End  ample  accommodation  at  the  principal  ports  of  tlie  colony. 

There  are  in  New  Zealand  four  graving  docks ;   two  of  theee  are 
dtaaied  in  Auckland,  one  at  Ljttelton,  and  one  at  Port  Chalmers, 

Auckland  Docks. 
The  Auckland  docks  are  the  property  of  the  Auckland  Harbour 
Board,  and  cost,  with  machinery,  appliances,  dec,  £250,300,     The 
dimensions  of  the  docks  at  Auckland  are  as  follow : — 


Length  over  all  , . 
Length  on  floor  . . 
Breadth  over  all  . . 
Breadth  on  floor  . , 
Breadth  at  entrance 

Depth   of   water  on  sill  (ai  high  water, 
ordinary  apring  tides) 


CftUiope  Dock.. 

Auckl&nd  Docik. 

525  feet. 

312  feet. 

500    . 

300     , 

no   , 

65     . 

40     « 

4a   , 

80    * 

43     . 

33 


13i 


Alterations  have  been  made  to  the  lower  altars  of  Calliope  Dock 
which  will  enable  vessels  of  63  ft.  beam  to  be  docked  without  any 
difficulty. 

The  following  is  the  scale  of  charges  for  the  use  of  the  Auckland 
and  Calliope  Graving-docks  and  appliances  : — 

AncRuiKn  QftAViKO-nocK.  £    b.    d. 

Entranoe  fee      . .  . .  . ,  .  *  .,110 

For  every  vessel  of  100  tons  (gross  register),  or  under,  per 

day  ..  ..  ..  ..  ..500 

For  every  vessel  from  101  to  200  tons  (gross  register),  per  day      6    0    0 
For  every  additional  ton  (groes  register),  per  day  ..       0    0    i 

Twenty  per  oent.  reduction  on  the  above  rates  will  he  allowed  when 

two  or  three  vessels  dock  on  the  same  iide»  and  rem&in  In  dock  the 

tame  numhar  of  hours,  but  fiuoh  reduction  will  not  h&  allowed  if  any 

of  the  Auckland  Harbour  Board's  veaeels  are  docked  at  the  same  iimfi 

as  another  vessel. 
For  shores  cut  in  docking  or  hanging  the  vessel  there  must  be  paid, 

according  to  injury  done,  each  amount  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  Dook- 

ma«tdr. 
For  nae  of  steam  kiln,  lOe.  per  day. 
For  use  of  pltch-fnmace,  10s.  per  day. 


Calliops  Qeaviiso  nocK. 


£    s.    d. 


Entrance  fee     . .  . .  .  *      5    5 

For  all  veaMlflnp  to  300  tons  (gross  register),  for  four  days  or  leas    20    0 


For  all  veeaels  301  to  400  tons 

401  to  500  tons 

501  to  600  tons 

601  to  700  tons 

701  to  800  tons 

801  to  'X)Otons 


001  to  1,000  tons 
1,001  to  1,100  tons      , 
1.101  to  1,200  tons      . 

1,901  tons  |grosB  register)  and  upwards,  for  four 
days  or  less 


22  10 
25  0 
27  10 
30  0 
32  10 
35  0 
37  10 
40  0 
45     0 


60     0    0 


70 


NBW    ZBAtrAND    OFFICIAL    TBAJt-BOOX. 


After  the  foarth  day  in  dock  tbe  following  nies  will  be  charged : — 

For  all  vessels  up  to  500  tons  (gross  rogit$ter)             , ,  Id.  per  ton  a  day* 

501  to  1 ,000  tons  (gross  register)    . .  3d. 

H                  .               1,001  to  3,000  tons              ^                 ..  2jd.                          ^m 

B                               2,001  to  3^000  tons                               .*  4^.                         ^M 

H                               3,001  to  4,000  tons                               ..  2|d.                         ^M 

^m               «             4,001  tons  (gross  regUter)  and  upwards  Sd.                          ^H 

Twenty  per  cent,  reduction  on  the  above  rates  will  be  allowed  when  two  or 
three  vessels  dock  on  the  same  tide  and  remain  in  dock  the  same  number  of 
hourSf  but  such  reduction  will  not  be  allowed  If  an^  of  the  Auckland  Harbour 
Board's  vessels  are  decked  at  the  same  time  as  another  vessel. 

For  shores  cut  in  docking  or  hang mg  the  vessel,  there  sball  be  paid,  ac- 
cording to  iniury  done,  such  amount  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  Bockmaster. 

During  the  year  1905,  105  vessels  of  various  descriptions,  with 
a  total  of  28,112  tons,  made  use  of  the  Auckland  Graving-dock, 
occupying  it  in  all  259  days,  for  repairs  or  paiotiDg, 

In  Calliope  Dock  18  vessels  were  docked,  with  an  aggregate 
toouage  of  29,339,  and  occupying  the  dock  for  173  days. 

Dock  dues  for  the  year  amounted  to  £3,208  78.  5d. 

Under  arrangement  with  the  Admiralty,  a  complete  plant  of 
the  most  efficient  and  modern  machinery  has  been  provided  at 
Calliope  Dockyard.  The  workshops  are  now  erected,  and  all  the 
uiachinery  is  placed  in  position,  with  the  escepiion  of  the  shear- 
legs,  for  which  a  contract  has  now  been  let.  This  plant  in- 
cludes 80-ton  shear-legs  complete :  trolly  to  carry  80  tons,  and 
rails  ;  10-ton  steam-crane  at  side  of  dock,  engines,  boilers,  over- 
head travellers;  planing,  shapmg,  and  slotting  macliines ;  radial 
drills,  vertical  drills,  band  saws  for  iron,  punching  and  shearing 
machines,  plate-bending  rolls  ;  24  in.  centre  gantry  lathe,  70  ft.  bed; 
9  in.  and  12  in.  gantry  lathes,  milling  -  machines,  emery  grinders, 
aerowing  -  machines,  ditto  for  pipes,  horizontal  boring  -  machines, 
Root's  blower,  smiths*  forges  (six),  coppersmith's  forge,  le veiling- 
slabs,  steam-hammers,  lead-fornace,  wall-cranes,  siinc-bath,  plate- 
furnace,  jib  crane  for  foundry,  circular-saw  bench,  band  saw  for  wood, 
lathe  for  wood,  general  joiners'  and  carpenters'  benches  (four),  kiln 
for  steaming  boards,  Fox*8  trimmer,  cupola  to  melt  5  tons  of  metal, 
countersinking  -  machine,  pipe-bending  machine,  tools  of  various 
descriptions,  moulders*  bins,  force-pumps  for  testing  pipes,  vice- 
benches,  electric-light  engines,  dynamos  (two),  Ac,  and  all  other 
appliances  and  macixinery  required  to  render  the  plant  adequate  w> 
repair  any  of  His  Majesty's  ships  upon  the  station  or  any  merchant 
vessel  visiting  the  port.  The  dock  and  machinery  will  be  available 
for  use,  when  not  required  for  His  Majesty's  vessels,  in  eflfecting 
repairs  to  any  merchant  vessel  requiring  same.  Electric  lights  have 
been  provided  for  workshops,  dock,  and  dockyard.  The  dockyard 
is  now  connected  by  telephone  with  the  central  exchange.  An 
abundant  supply  of  the  purest  fresh  water  is  available  at  Calliope 
Dock  and  Calliope  Wharf ;  and  a  most  complete  establishment  of 
up-to-date  machinery  and  appliances  has  been  provided. 


OBAinNQ-DOCKS   AND    PATENT   SLIPS. 


71 


Wkllinoton  Patent  Slip. 

The  Port  of  Wellington  h^a  no  dock ;  but  there  is  a  weJl- 
dqaipped  patent  slip  at  Evans  Bay,  on  which  vessels  of  2,000  tons 
can  be  eaiely  hauled  up.  This  slip  is  the  property  of  a  private  com- 
pany, and  is  in  no  way  connected  with  the  Harbour  Board-  It 
is  1,070  ft.  loDg,  with  a  cradle  260  ft.  in  length.  There  is  a  depth  of 
32  ft.  at  high  water  at  the  outer  end  of  the  slip.  A  dolphin  and 
buoys  are  laid  down  for  swinging  ships  in  Evans  Bay. 

The  comi>any  has  convenient  workshops,  which  contain  machinery 
oeeessary  for  effecting  all  ordinary  repairs  to  vessels  using  the  slip. 

During  the  year  ended  3l8t  March,  1905,  111  vessels  of  various 
sizes,  of  an  aggregate  of  47,555  tons,  were  taken  up  on  the  slip  for 
repairs,  cleanmg,  paioting,  &c.  The  cliarges  for  taking  vessels  on 
the  shp  and  launching  them  are  Is.  per  ton  on  the  gross  tonnage 
for  the  first  full  twenty-four  hours,  and  6d.  per  ton  per  day  after- 
wards, unless  by  special  agreement. 

Lyttklton  Dock  and  Patent  Slip. 

The  Graving-dock  at  LytteltOQ,  which  is  the  property  of  the 

rbour  Board,  is  capable  of  docking  men-of-war,  or  almost  all  of 

large  ocean  steamers  now  runDiDg  to  the  colony.     Its  general 

tim«enaions  are  :    Length  over  all,  503  ft, ;   length  on  floor,  450  ft.  ; 

bugth  inside  caisson  at  a   height  of  4  ft.  above  the  door,  462  ft.; 

eadth  over  all,  82  ft, ;  breadth  on  floor,  46  ft. ;  breadth  at  entrance, 

!  ft,  ;  breadth  where  ship's  bilge  would  be,  on  6  ft.  blocks,  55  ft. ; 

^available  docking  depth  at  this  breadth,  17ft.;   depth  of  water  on 

sill  at  high  vrater,  springs,  23  ft. 

The  scale  of  charges  for  the  use  of  the  dock  and  pumping 
machinery'  is  as  follows  : — 

Fbr  all  ireesela  up  to  300  tons,  for  four  days  or  less 

301  to      400  tons, 

401  to      500  tons, 

501  to      600  tons, 

601  to      700  tons, 

701  to     800  toDB, 

601  to      900  tons, 

901  to  1,000  toDS, 
1,001  to  1,100  tons, 
1 ,  101  to  1 ,  200  tons, 
1,201  tona  and  upwards. 

Alter  iho  fourth  day  in  dock,  the  following  rates  are  charged  ;— 

For  all  Testele  up  to    500  tons 

For  all  Teste ts  of         501  tons  to  1 ,  000  tons 

For  all  vessols  over  1,001  tons  up  to  2,000  tone 

2,001  tons  up  to  3 » 000  tons 

3,001  tons  up  to  4,000  tons 

4 ,001  tons  up  to  5 ,  000  tons 

Twenty  per  cent,  reduction  on  the  above  rates  is  allowed  when  two  or  three 

'    can  arrange  to  dock  on  the  same  tide   and  remain  in  dock  the  same 

^f  of  hours.    Two  vessels  of  1,000  tons  each  can  be  dooked  at  the  same 

time.    The  dO-pecQent.  rebate  is  not  allowed  if  any  of  the  Lyttelton  Harbour 


£     s. 

d. 

20  0 

0 

22  10 

0 

25  0 

0 

27  10 

0 

30  0 

0 

33  10 

0 

35  0 

0 

37  10 

0 

40  0 

0 

45  0 

0 

50  0 

0 

rged 
id. 

per  ton  per  day. 

dd. 

2|d. 

2id. 

1 

72 


HSW    ZEALAND   OFFICI4L    TIAR-BOOZ. 


Board's  vessels  (lfg  diocked  at  the  same  time  as  another  vessel.  The  tv^enty- 
four  houra  constituting  the  first  day  of  docking  commences  from  the  time  of  th« 
dock  being  pump^ed  oat. 

Any  vessel  belonging  to  H.M.  Navy  or  any  colonial  Govemment,  or  any 
Gommi&sioned  Bbip  belonging  to  any  foreign  nation,  is  admitted  into  the  graving- 
dock  without  payment  of  the  ugual  dock  dues*  but  is  charged  only  such  sum  aa 
is  necessary  for  the  reimburiement  of  actual  expenditure  of  stores^  wages,  and 
materials. 

There  are  electric  lights,  one  on  each  side  of  the  gravit]g*dock ; 
and  there  are  eBgineering  works  withio  a  short  distance  of  it,  where 
repairs  and  heavy  foundry-work  can  he  undertaken. 

The  graving-dock  and  machinery  cost  £106,000.  The  interest 
and  sinking  fund  on  that  sum,  at  6|  per  cent.,  amounts  to 
£6,825  per  annum.  Since  its  constiiaction  the  dock  dues  for 
the  twenty- three  years  ended  31et  Decern ber»  1905,  amounted  to 
£24,222,  and  the  working-expenses  to  £14,638,  leaving  a  balance 
for  twenty-three  years  ended  Slst  December,  1905,  of  £9,584. 

During, the  year  1905  twenty  vessels  were  docked,  and  the 
dock  dues  amounted  to  £842  lOs.  For  the  twenty-two  years  ending 
1905  481  vessels  were  docked,  or  an  average  of  about  twenty-two  a 
year. 

Patent  Sup,  Lyttelton, 

Alongside  the  graving-dock  is  a  patent  slip,  with  a  cradle 
150  ft.  in  length,  suitable  for  vessels  of  300  tons.  'Jt  belongs  to 
the  Harbour  Board, 

Tho  following  i&  the  scale  of  charges  :*- 

Up  to  75  Ions  gross  register,  £4  for  five  dayp,  and  IOh.  per  day  after  the  fifth  day. 
0?er  75  toDB  and  up  to  150  toui  groii  register,  £6  for  five  dayp,  and  15a.  per  dmy 

after  fifth  day. 
Ofer  150  tons  and  up  to  250  tons  gross  register,  £8  for  five  dajfi,  and  20p.  per  day 

aftf  r  fifth  day. 
Over  250  tons  gross  regieUr,  £10  for  five  days,  and  20s.  per  day  after  fifth  day. 

A  *'  day  "  to  mean  between  ianrise  and  sunset. 

The  above  rates  cover  the  cost  of  all  labour  conucoted  with  haul  trig  up  and 
lauuchiug  (the  crew  of  the  veeael  to  give  their  afsintance  as  may  be  required)^ 
and  the  cost  of  blocking  a  vessel  and  shifting  the  blocks  after  hauling  up. 

Otago  Gbavino-dock. 

The  dock  at  Port  Chalmers  is  vested  in  the  Otago  Dock  Trust, 
a  body  entirely  distinct  from  the  Otago  Harbour  Board.  Vessels  of 
large  size  can  be  taken  in  the  Otago  Dock,  as  the  following  measure- 
ments wiJl  show  ;— 

■  Length  over  all  ..  ..  ,«  ..  ..     335  feet. 

H  Length  on  the  floor      *.  ..  ,»  328  

■  Breadth  over  all  * .  . .  . .       68    « 

■  Breadth  on  floor  ..  ..  ..  ..       41     «, 

I  Breadth  where  ship's  bilge  would  be       ..  .*  ..       43    . 

I  Breadth  at  dock-gates . .  . .       50    » 

^  Depth  of  water  on  siU  at  high  water  (ordinary  spring  tides)       17^  , 

Connected  with  the  Otago  Dock  are  a  large  machine-shop, 
steam-hammer,  and  forge»  with  all  the  appliances  necessary  for 
performing  any  work  that  may  be  required  by  vessels  visiting  the 
port.     An  80- ton  shear-legs  has  also  been  erected  for  heavy  lifts, 


PtCrOTAOS,   FOBT   CSAROSfi,    BTO. 


78 


There  is  also  a  patent  Blip,  used  for  talcing  up  small  vessels. 

All  vessels  using  the  Otago  Graving-dock  are  liable  to  dock  dues 
according  to  the  following  scale  (unless  under  special  coatract),  re- 
vised since  the  beginning  of  1896  : — 

VaBieli  uader  200  toos,  for  the  ftnfe  three  days,  or  part  of     £     s.   d. 

Ihxmm  d&y  t      ..  ,.  .«  ^.2500 

YdAftU  of  ^00  tons,  and  under  800  tons      . .  . .  . .     36    0    0 

^  800  tons  and  upwards  . .  . .     50    0    0 

And  fur  ATery  day,  or  E»&rt  of  a  d^y^  after  the  tirdt  three  d&ye ; — 


Vtttsels  under  300  tons 


300    .    and  under  400  tons    7|d. 


8d.   per  register  ton  per  daj« 


400 
500 
000 
700 
800 
900  . 


500 
600 
700 
BOO 
900 
1,000 


7id. 
6}d, 


i»000  tons  and  upwards 
During    the   twelve   months   ended   3Lst   December,    1901^    the 
dock  was  in  use  198  working-days.      The  number  of  vessels  docked 
was  forty*seven,  having  a  total  registered  tonnage  of  39»960. 


HARBOUBS. 

PlLOTAOE,    POKT    CHARGES,    ETC, 

PiiOTAOE»  port  charges,  berthage  charges,  &c.,  at  eighteen  of  the 
principal  harbours  in  New  Zealand,  as  on  the  1st  January,  1906 
(compiled  by  Mr,  C.  Hood  Williams,  Secretary  to  the  Lyttelton 
Harbour  Board,  except  as  to  the  port  of  Giaborne,  the  information 
in  this  case  being  furnished  by  the  Secretary  to  the  Gisborne 
Harbour  Board) : — 

AOCKLAJTD. 

Pilotage  (not  oompalsory) :   BalUog-TesseJs,  inwards  and  outwards,  dd.  p«r  ton 

eaoh  way. 
Sceamers,  inwards  and  outwards,  2  J.  par  ton  eaoh  way  when  servioes  of  pilot  are 

takeo. 
Pilotage  inotudea  the  removal  fee  to  or  from  the  berth  at  Id.  per  ton. 
Port  charges :  3J.  per  ton  half-yearly  (on  all  vessels  over  15  tons)  in  one  pay- 

ment.     Steamers  arriviog  for  ooal,  stores,  water,  or  for  reoeiving  or  laDding 

maili  or  pasaeogers  and  their  luggage,  which  do  not  oome  to  any  wharf  or 

receive  or  discharge  cargo  within  the  port,  are  ozeropl  from  port  charges. 
Harbourmaster's  fees:  Id.  per  ton.     Vessels  papng  pilotage  are  exempt. 
Exemption  berthage  certificates  are  given  to  competent  masters  in  the  coastal 

and  intercolonial  trades,  but  uot  to  those  in  foreign  trade. 
Berthage :  Every  person  who  shall  use  aoy  wharf  with  any  vessel  shall  pay  for 

the  use  tliereof — Licensed  ferry  steamers,  10b,  to  £l  10s.  per  month ;  other 

vessels  under  20  tons,  6d,  and  Is.  per  d^y^  not  exceeding  10s.  per  quarter. 

For  every  vessel  not  inoluded  in  the  above»  ^d,  per  too  per  day.      Outside 

berths,  id.  per  ton  per  day. 

GiSDoatrs. 

Pilotage  (not  compulsory)  :  BaitiDg-vesssla  over  100  ionst  first  lOO  tons,  6d.  per 
ton  ;  every  too  over  100  tons,  25.  per  ton.     Into  aod  out  of  Turanganui 
Btveir:  6  siling- vessels,  3d.   per  ton;    sailing -vessels  towed,    2d,   poc  ton; 
»,  2d.  per  ton. 


74 


KBW    ZMALAND   OPFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 


Port  cbarges:  Vesflels,  iDtercolonial  or  foreign,  Id,  per  ton  on  arrival,  not  to 
exceed  3d,  per  ton  in  any  three  montbp;  vefisela,  co&atftl,  over  2<)0  tont. 
Id.  per  ton  on  arrival,  not  to  fxceer^  3d.  per  ton  in  any  three  months; 
vessels,  coaBlal,  200  tons  and  under,  3d,  per  ton  on  arrival,  not  to  exe©ed 
Hd.  per  ton  in  any  three  months, 

Harbourmaster's  fees :  Free, 

Berthage  alongeide  the  wharves:  Per  day  or  parr,  under  50  tons,  5s, ;  over  50 
tons  acd  up  to  T5  tons,  78.  Gd. ;  over  75  tons  up  to  100  tons^  IDs, ;  for  every 
additionai  50  tons  or  fraction  tboreof,  2^.  Cd.  Veeeels  dlBcbargtng  oulside 
of  otberB  to  pay  half  foregoing  dues.  Steamers  to  pay  doable  rates  as  per 
tonnage  ;  and  in  all  cases  Bailing-vessels  to  mair^  way  (or  ateamers. 

Thamsb, 

Pilotage  (compulsory) :  In  and  out— Soiling  veBsels  up  to  100  tons,  6d.  per  ton. 

aod  2d.  for  eaob  ton  over  100  tons  ;  steamers  up  to  IQO  toQfi»  6d.  per  ton,  and 

4d.  per  ton  for  each  additiouftl  ton. 
Port  charges  :  Regular  traders,  2d,  per  ton  per  quarter ;  other  yoasols^  2d*  per  t  m 

each  trip,  not  to  exceed  le.  3ti  per  ton  in  half-year. 
Harbourmaster's  fees:  Nil. 
Berthage :  20  tons  and  under,  10s.  per  ton  per  quarter ;  over  20  tons^  6d,  per  ion 

per  quarter,  or  28.  6d,  first  20  tons  per  day  and  |d.  each  additional  ton. 
Warps  and  fenders  :  NO. 

New  Pltiiodtb, 

Pilotage  (compulHory),   charged  both  inwards  and  outwarda :    Interoolonial  ur~ 
coasting — Sailing-vessels,  3d.  per  tin;  steamers,  IJd,  per  ton:    foreign  aatl- 
ing- vessel  or  steamer^  ^d.  per  ton. 

Port  charges:  Intercolonial,  Id.  per  ton,  payable  half-yearly;  foreign^  jd,  per 
ton  on  arrival  in  roadstead. 

Harbourmaster's  fees  :  Nil, 

Berthage  r&ie :  3^d.  per  ton  on  all  cargo  laoded^  shipped^  or  tranabipped  out- 
wards ;  on  registered  toonago  also  ^d.  per  too. 

Warpa  :  Id.  per  ton  register  for  first  100  tons  ;  Jd.  per  ton  fox  exoo«i. 

Fenders  :  Is.  per  day  of  part  of  day. 

Water  (minimum  3j.)  :  5it.  per  1,000  gallons. 


Waitara. 

Pilotage  :  From  slgnal-slafT,  ^d.  per  register  ton  eacli  way,  In  and  out,    Ooean^ 

going  vessels  4d.  per  register  too  (one  way  only). 
Port  cbarges :  Steamers  and  sailing-veaselsi  3d,  per  ton  quarterly,  payable  first 

trip  in  oach  quarter ;  out-going  vessels,  |d.  per  register  ton^  payable  each 

trip. 
Harbourmaster's  fees :  Nil. 

Berthage  :  Steamers  2d.  per  ton  and  sailing-veiiaelfl  Sd.  per  ton  every  trip. 
Warps  and  fenders  :  Nil. 

Pate  A, 
Pilotage  (in  and  out) ;  Id,  per  too  register. 

Port  oharges :  3d.  per  ton  every  three  months.     Light  dues,  Jd.  per  ton. 
Harbourmaster's  fees  :  Nil. 
Berthage  :  6d.  per  ton  on  cargo,  as  per  manifest. 
Warps  and  fenders  :  NIL 
Water:  29.  6d,  per  1»000  gallons, 

Wairoa, 
Pilotage  (compulsory) :  4d,  per  register  ton. 
Port  charges  :  3d,  per  ton  per  quarter. 
Harbourmaster's  fees :  Nil. 
Berthage,  warpn,  and  fenders :  Nib 


FItiOTAOB,    PORT  CHARQES,   ETC. 

NAPtEtt. 

Piloi&ge  (not  eompultory) :  loto  Inner  H&rbouf^S^iliDg-vdtads,  4ct.  per  ton ; 
sleamers,  3d*  per  ton.  To  roadsle&d^Firit  100  toni :  Sailing- veBseU,  6d. 
per  (on  ;  steamerii  3d.  per  too«  Every  ton  over  100  tons :  Sailmg-vesteta, 
^d.  per  ton  ;  steamerp,  Id.  per  too.  Into  Breakwater  Harbour— First  100 
tone  :  Sailing-vcsaeU,  6d.  per  ton ;  steamers^  3d.  per  ton.  Every  ton  over  IOC 
tons:  Sailing 'Veeself,  2d.  per  ton  ;  steamers.  Id.  per  ton.  Outward  pilotage, 
biklt  races. 

Port  charges  :  6d.  per  ton  qn&rterly  in  adranoe,  veisels  plying  within  port  only  ; 
2d.  per  ton  on  arrival  of  vessels  not  plying  within  port,  but  not  to  exceed 
Lfl.  per  ton  in  any  half-year.  Ocean-going  vessels  (aot  being  '*  oolonial 
fcrmding  *'  or  coasting  vessels)  returning  to  port  within  one  moatb  from  date 
o(  fir^t  arrival  are  eompt  frooi  pjrt  ohar^ds  for  secjnd  or  jubseqaent 
arrivals  witbin  calendar  month. 

Hafboorm water's  feet :  59.  per  vesnel  of  less  than  GO  tons.  Steamers  under  60 
tons  and  licensed  as  lighters  are  exempt.  Id.  per  ton,  sailing  vessels  GO  tons 
and  upwards  ;  lOs.  per  vessel,  steamers  of  60  tons  and  under  VIO  tons;  Id. 
per  ton,  steamers  of  120  tons  and  upwards.  Vessels  paying  for  pilotage  ser- 
Tioe  inwards  do  not  pay  Harbourmaster's  feea. 

HarboQ r- Improve m en t  rate :  3d,  per  ton  on  cargo  taoded,  shipped,  or  tran- 
shipped (weight  or  measarement  at  option  of  Board);  Is.  ea^h  horse  or 
l&rge  cattle  shipped  or  transhipped  ;  Ad.  each  sheen  or  small  animal  shipped 
or  transhipped.  Vessels  licenced  as  lighters,  toW'b:>ats,  or  ferry  b:>atB  shall, 
whilst  actually  employed  as  lighters,  tows,  or  ferry  boats,  pay  3^.  4d.  upon 
each  and  every  trip. 

Ha«cers  and  moorings:  Vessels  at  wharf  in  Breakwater  Harbour,  Id.  per  ton 
per  day,  or  part  of  a  day,  on  registered  tonnage.  Vessels  mooiea  to  buoys 
within  Bresik water  Harbour,  |d.  per  ton  per  day  or  part  of  a  day. 

Fenders:  Vessels  at  wharves  in  Breakwater  Harbour— 5».  per  day,  vessels  under 
500  tons  ;  7f.  per  day,  vessels  of  5<J0  tons  and  under  1,000  tons ;  lOa.  per  day, 
ve«sets  of  1,000  tons  and  under  1,500  tons;  15a.  per  day,  vessels  of  1,500  tons 
and  ander  2,000  tons ;  £I  per  day,  vessels  of  2,000  tons  ;  and  so  on,  in  pro- 
portion. 

Pilotage  '  All  vessels  when  piloted  by  signals  from  the  staf!  only,  Id.  per  too 
register.  River  pilotage,  to  be  charged  for  auy  assistance  rendered  by  the 
pilot  or  any  of  bis  crew  inside  the  bar,  2d.  per  ton.  When  a  pilot  boards  and 
conduots  a  vessel  outside  the  bar,  3d.  per  ton.  Steamers  engaged  in  ten- 
deriDg  ocean  steamers  at  anchor  in  the  roadstead  chsbrged  half  pilotage 
rates. 

PoTi  cbarges:  Vessels  of  500  tons  and  up  to  8,000  tons  register,  ^d.  per  ton. 
Hot  to  exceed  3d.  per  too  in  any  half-year.  Vessels  paying  pilotage  exempt. 
Oeean-going  vessels  (not  being  ''ooloniaMrading  "  or  "coastal")  returning 
to  the  port  within  one  mocth  of  first  arrival  exempt  as  regards  seoond  or 
■abiequent  anivals. 

Harbonrmaster's  fees :  Nil. 

Berthage :  For  every  steamer  using  auy  wharf,  belog  berthed  alongside,  and 
whether  dif charging  or  loading  cargo  or  not,  2d,  per  ton  od  gross  register  for 
first  day  cf  eight  working- hours,  and  Id.  for  every  sueoeeding  day  of  eight 
working- hours.  For  every  sailing  vessel  the  charge  to  be  2d.  for  first  day  of 
«igbt  workinghours,  and  |d.  for  every  succeeding  day  of  eight  working- 
hour^,  not  exceeding  five  days.  For  every  vessel  occupying  a  berth  outside 
another  Tessol,  and  loading  or  disohargiog  cargo,  |d.  per  ton  on  gross  regis- 
ter per  day  of  eight  working-hours  whilst  loading  or  disoharging.  Ships' 
dues  on  vessels  detained  In  pott  by  stress  of  weather  will  not  be  charged 
after  the  third  day. 

Wkllwoton. 

Pilotage  (optional) :  Bailing- veseeU  inwards,  4d.  per  ton  ;  sailing  vessels  out- 
wards, ad.  per  ton  ;  steamers  inwards,  3d.  per  ton  ;  steamers  outwards^  2d.  per 
ton.     Pilotage  includes  the  removal  fee  to  or  from  the  berth  at  |d.  pei  ton. 


NIBW    eUADAtlD  OFFICIAL    yBAH*fiOOK. 


I  Port  obarges:  2d.  per  ton  on  Arrival ;  nob  oxoeeding  6d.  in  any  halF-yeftr.  Half- 
I  yearly  days,  ls(  January  and  let  July.    Steamers  arriving  for  coal,  storei, 

■  water,  or  for  receiving  or  landing  malls  or  pasiengerB  and  their  luggage, 
I  which  do  nob  come  to  atiy  wharf  or  receive  or  diBcharge  cargo  within  the 
W  port,  ar«  exempt  from  port  charges. 

I  Harbourmafiter'a  or  berthing  fee  on  vessels  of  120  tons  and  upwards,  |d.  per  ton; 
I  under  120  tons,  IDs.     Veesels  paying  pilotage  are  exempt.    Exemption  berth* 

m  age  cettificates  are  given  to  competent  masters  in  the  coastal  and  inter- 

m  colonial  trades,  but  not  to  thosQ  in  foreign  trade. 

I  Berthage:  }d.  per  ton  net  register  per  day  or  part  of  a  day  (day  counted  from 
I  midnight   to   midnight).      VobbcIb   berthing  after  working-hours,  and  only 

L  landing  passengers  and  luggage,  not  cfaarged  for  that  day.     Vessels  leaving 

■  whatf  after  midnight  and  prior  to  working  hours,  and  only  on  such  day 
I  taking  on  board  pM^cngcrs  and  luggnge,  not  charged  for  such  day.  Vessels 
I  not  working  cargo  after  noon  on  Saturdays  pay  half  rates  for  such  Saturday. 
^^^  No  charge  for  Sundays  or  holidays.  Vessels  laid  np  for  repairs,  fiitirg-ont, 
^^K  &o  ,  ha!  f  rates .; 
^^P  Nelson. 

m  Pilotage  (compulsory):  Stcamen^,  inwards  and  outwatdp,<ld.  per  registered  ten: 
I  Fiailitig'Vessel^,  inwards  and  outwardF,  3d.  per  ten.     Minimum  pilotage  each 

I  way  (in  all  cases),  JEl. 

I  Port  obarges:  Vessels  not  paying  pilotage,  lo  I'ay  the  following,  upon  first 
I  arrival,    half-yearly:    Vessels  over  ICK)  tons  r£gister»ls.  per   ten*,    vessels 

P  under  100  tons  register,  5d.  per  ton. 

^      Harbour  lights:  Vessols  not  paying  pilotage,  over  100  tens  register,  Id.  per  ton; 
under  100  Ions  register,  ^d.  per  ton,  on  each  arrival. 

Harbourmskster's  fees:  120  tons  and  upward?,  Id.  per  ton  register;    less  than 
L  120  Ions,  10s.  for  each  removal  of  any  steamer  or  sailing-vessel  within  the 

f  harbour. 

Berthage,  fenders,  and  warps  ;  Nil. 

Westport. 

I  Pilotage  {compulsory) :    For  sailing-veBfieis  up  to  120   tons  register.  Id.  per  ton  ; 

ft  over  120  tons  register,  and  not  e:!cceedirg  1,500  tons,  2d.  per  ton,  inwards 

■  and  outwards.  Far  steamers  1,000  to  2,000  tons,  £10  (In  and  out) ;  under 
W  1>000  tons,  pro  rata  ;  2,000  to  3,000  tons,  £20  ;  over  3.000  to  4,000  tons,  £25. 

Port  charges:   Receiving  and  discharging  ships*  baUast,  Is.  per  ton;  minimum 

charge,  20b.  ;  Id.  per  ton  for  use  of  shcot. 
Harbourmaster's  fees  :  Nil. 
Berthage  :    Use  of  wharf,  for  every  vessel  up  to  1,400  tons  Ijing  at  wharf.  Id.  per 

■  ton  net  register  per  trip;  for  every  vessel  over  1,400  tons  lying  at  a 
h  wharf,  2d.  per  ton  net  register  per  trip;  minimum  charge,  5s.  No  vessel 
^^^      to  he  charged  for  more  than  one  trip  in  any  one  week. 

^^P  Gribymouth. 

W      Pilotage  (not  compulsory):     Signal-station.     For  sailiDg-vessels,  6d.  per  ioa; 

P  for  steamers,  -td.  per  ton,  each  way. 

Port  charges  :  Discharging  ships'  ballast,  Gd.  per  ton. 
Harbourmaster's  fees :  Nil. 

Berthage  :  Use  of  wbarf,  Gd.  per  ton  net  register  per  trip.  Vessels  in  ballast  for 
coal  or  timber,  Id.  per  Con  net  register  for  the  first  four  days ;  maximum, 
£5  10s* ;  minimum,  58. 

Lyttelton. 

t  Pilotage  (compulsory) :  Inwards  and  outwards— Sailing  Tessets  8jd.  per  ton ; 
steamers  2^d.  per  ton.  Fore igu- going  steamers  and  sailing- vessels  free  oo 
second  call  on  same  voyage. 
Port  charges :  2d,  per  ton  quarterly,  in  advance,  for  vessels  of  100  tons  and  up- 
wards  ptyiog  within  the  port  or  employed  in  coasting  only,  not  to  exoeed  6d. 
per  ton  in  any  half-year ;  2d.  per  ton  for  vessels  of  100  tons  and  upwards 


3TAGE, 


iKO£S,    ETC. 


77 


ool  plying  within  the  port  or  cot  solely  employed  in  coast  tog,  not  to  exceed 
6d.  p«r  ton  in  any  bftlf  year.  For  exemptioo  from  pilotage  and  harbour 
fees,  see  olaoBes  132,  133,  and  134  of  ''  The  HarbourB  Aot,  1878." 

Harbonnn&Bter'B  feei :  Nil. 

Berthing  ohargea :  On  all  Testis  of  25  tone  register  and  upwards  |4.  per  ton  each 
trip. 

Wupi  (21  in.  eoir  bAwsers) :  £1  per  w&rp  for  a»e  daring  a  veeserB  stay  in  port, 
not  excecdicg  (ix  montha. 

Fenders  (soft  wood) :  IQf,  for  fitst  day«  and  5«*  per  day  after.  lOs.  for  uae  of 
each  hardwood  feLder. 

TiMABU. 

Pilotage  (compulsory) :  Sailing- vesse I p,  Sd.  per  ton  iowards  and  outwards;  when 
tug  used,  2d.  per  te^n  :  steamerp,  2d.  per  ton  ini^ardB  and  outwards.  Foreign 
•jod  intercolonial  iteamers  under  3,500  cargo  tona,  working  800  tons  or  less, 
only  ore  pilotage  fee  ;  3,500  tons  or  over,  working  1^000  tons  cargo  or  Iess» 
OLe  pilotage  fee  only.  Foreigc-going  fitesmer  or  saUiDg-vetsel  oalling  more 
than  once  duricg  same  voyage  before  leaving  New  Zealand,  one  inward  and 
outward  rate  only  (subject  to  above  exemi^tione), 

Port  t^harges :  Coaster?,  IJd.  per  ton  each  trip;  sailing-vetseU*  not  ooasters,  3d, 
per  ton  eaoh  tr»p ;  steam- vessels,  not  cootteis.  Od.  per  ton  en  cargo  wofked  ; 
in  all  cases  tot  to  exceed  la.  3d,  per  ton  in  any  half-year,  dating  from 
the  1st  days  of  January  and  July  in  each  year.  Intercolonial  iteamers 
comiig  direct  or  coastwise  l^d.  per  ton  register,  or  6d.  per  ton  on  cargo 
landed  and  shipped,  wbicbevtr  rate  may  be  the  lesser. 

Harbourmabter'a  fcee  :  Id.  per  ton  each  service  ;  vessels  less  than  120  tons,  10?. ; 
ttcamerg  of  1,000  tons  or  over,  wbioh  have  loaded  wholly  in  New  Zealand  or 
A'jstralian  ports,  working  500  tons  of  cargo  or  less,  only  one  Harbourmaster's 
fee.     This  fee  is  charged  to  all  veEsela  or  steamers  not  pa)ing  pilotage^ 

Berthage  :  dd.  pt r  ton  on  ail  cargo  landed  cr  shipped. 

Hawsfrs  and  moorings:  Yefisels  at  wbarrep,  jd.  per  ton  regieter  (or  first  ee^eo 
da}a  ;  {subsequent  dayp,  ^d.  per  ton.  Vesaels  at  buoyp,  under  800  tons  regis- 
ter, 4d.  per  ton  ;  over  Sw  tcnp,  j^d.  per  ton. 

Fenders  r  Sailing-vessels  under  500  tens  regit ter,  2a.  per  day  ;  uncer  1,000  tons, 
3b,  per  day  ;  oter  1,000  tons,  4b.  per  day.  Steamers  under  1,000  tons  regis- 
ter, 4b.  ptr  day:  uoder  1.500  tons,  IOp.  per  day;  under  2,000  tens,  15«,  per 
day ;  over  2,000  tons.  £1  per  day.  Foreign-going  vessels  detained  in  tbo 
port  sixty  da)Bp  half  rates  thereafter  for  hawsers  and  moorirga  and  fenders. 

jOlMABU. 

Tonnage  rate:  On  cargo,  inwards  or  outwards— Coal,  merohandisei  stone,  pro- 
duce, and  timber,  8d.  per  ten  ;  wcol,  2s,  per  ton  ;  frozen  sheep,  Id.  per  car- 
case;  frozen  lamb.  Id.  per  carcase;  rabbits  and  bares,  3s.  per  ton,  gross 
weight;  all  other  froztn  goods^  3s.  per  too  ^  gross  dead-weight;  livestock, 
Is.  8d.  per  ton.  Collected  in  the  aame  manner  as  berthage  dues  have  been 
nolle  cteo* 

Warps  :  ^d.  per  ton  per  day  for  seven  days  ;  }d.  per  ton  per  day  thereafter.  In 
the  evect  of  any  vessel  reroainirg  at  any  wharf  for  a  period  exceeding  six 
weeks,  the  charge  for  warps  will  thereafter  be  reduced  to  ^d.  per  ton  register 
of  Buch  vessel  fcr  each  day  or  part  of  a  day  that  she  may  occupy  a  berth  at 
Ibe  wharf. 

Otaoo  (DUKBDUr). 

Pilotage  (compulscry):  Inwatds  and  outwards — Sailing-ves&sls  without  tug,  6d. 
per  ton;  i^ith  tug,  id.  per  ton:  tteamers,  4d.  per  ton,  Fordgn  steamers 
oalling  twice  on  one  voyage  only  charged  once.  All  veesels  holaing  exemp* 
tioo  oertificates,  one  annual  pilotDge.  For  every  vessel  under  steam  oarrying 
an  exempt  pilot  ai^d  employing  a  Board's  pilot  the  charge  shall  be  }d.  per 
ion  for  the  Upper  Harbour. 

Pod  ebarges :  6d,  per  ton  half-yearly,  all  vessels. 


78 


OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOE. 


Hftrtiouimftflter'a  fees :    Veasela  lees  thAo  lao   tons,  lOs. ;    over  120  (ona*  i± 

Ser  (0D« 
age  :   Vessels  trading  withio  the  port — 10  toai,  5a.  per  quarter ;  25  toDS, 
I         10s.   per  quarter:    50   tons^    159.   per  quarter;    100   tons,    £1   per   quarter. 
I        VesselB  trading   beyond   the  port — Sailmg- vessels  ^d.   per  ton  (maximum, 
I        eighteen  days,  £10);  Bteam^veBaelSt  Jd.  per  ton  per  day  (maximum  charge, 
f        £15).     Vessels  laid  up  for  leaa  than  a  month,  one-half  the  above  rates  ;  over 
a  month,  ^d,  per  ton  per  month. 
Towage :    When  aaaistanoe  U  given   to   steam-veseela  under  ateam,  one-fourib 
uaual  towagft,  noi  exceeding  £5  for  Upper  Harbour  aud  £7  for  Lower  Har- 
bour, 
-JKOTB. — Foreign  steamers  taking  or  discharging  not  more  tban  50  tons  generai 
I         cargo  and  100  tone  fcoj&en  produce  pay  £50  for  port  charges,  pilotage,  and 
I         Harbour  master 'a  fees ;    alao   maximum  charges  on  any  one  veaset,  not  to 
I         exceed  £1S0  on  any  one  visit  ;  and  in  the  case  of  a  foreign  steamer  o ailing 
I  twice  at  the  port  on  one  voyag'*,  not  to  exceed  £"200. 

Bluff. 
I  Pilotage  (compulaory)  :  Steamere,  inwards  and  outwarda,  2^d,  pet  regiatered  ton  : 
I  aa^itltig-veaaels,  4^d.  inwarda  and  cutwarda  if  tug  not  employed ;  2}d.  per 
I  regiatered  ton  inwards  and  outwards  if  tug  employed.  Saiiing-veaaels  in 
I  ballaatf  2|d.  per  regiatered  ton  inwards  and  outwarda.  Yesaels  exempt 
I  from  pilotage— Steamers,  in  and  out,  5d.  per  regiatered  toD»  payable  yearly 
I  aailing-veaaelH,   in   and  out,    9d,    per    registered    tou,  payable   yearly.     On 

I  application  by  master  or  agent  of  foreign-going  steamers  ordinary  charges 

I  for  pilotage,  port  charges,  and  berthage  may  he  suspended,  and  a  charge  of 

I         5a.  per  ton  for  inward  cargo  and  lOs.  per  ton  for  outward  oargo  may  be 
r         Bubstituted  theretor^  with  a  minimum  charge  of  £50. 
Port  ohargea  :  On  all  veaaeln,  per  trip,  2d.  per  registered  ton,  but  no  vessel  shall 
be  required  to  pay  more  than  6d.  per  registered  ton  in  any  aix  months  from 
date  of  entry. 
Harbourmaater'a  fees :  NIL 

Beifebage:  Steamers,  -2d.  per  ton  net  regiater  for  the  first  day,  and  Id.  per  ton 

per  week  or  part  of  a  week  thereafter.     Sailing- vessels  and  hulka  of  over  50 

tona  register.  Id.  per  ton  net  regiater  pet  week  for  the  first  four  weeks,  and 

Jd,  per  ton  per  week  tbeteafter. 

Towage  asfiistanoe  to  steamers  using  their  own  motive  power  :  Over  3,000  tons, 

£5  ;  over  2,000  tons,  £4  ;  under  2,000  tons,  £3, 
Maximum  charge  for  berthage  dues,  pilotage,  and  port  chargea,  £180  in  any  one 

visit. 
Steamera  calling  more  than  once  on  same  voyage  only  charged  one  inward  and 
outward  pilotage. 

Whabfaqe  Rates. 

Wharfage  rates  at  eighteen  of  the  piincipal  harbours  in  New 
Zealand,  as  on  Ist  Januan^  19(Xi  (coaipiled  by  Mr.  C,  Hood 
Williams,  Secretary  to  the  Lyttelfcon  Harbour  Board,  except  as  to 
the  port  of  Gisborne)  :^ 

Auckland* 

[  Osnsral  Merchandise.— 2s.  per  ton  imporia  ;  la.  per  ton  eipotta. 

TranahipmentB ;  Half  rates  when  declared  before  landing,  or  2a.  6d.  per  toD, 
includiog  labour  and  seven  days'  atorage. 
<3rain  atid  Agricultural  Produce.— is.  6d*  per  ton  landed ;  la.  per  ton  shipped. 
TranabipmentB :  Half  ratea  when  declared  before  landing,  or  2a.  6d.  per  ton, 
including  Tahour  and  seven  days'  storage. 
[\Fro9en  M^t,  Butter^  ttc— 1p.  6d.  per  ton  landed;  la.  per  ton  shipped. 

Transhipments  :    Half  rates  when  declared,  or  2a.  6d.  per  ton^  including 
seven  days'  atorage  and  labour* 
Wool* — 6d.  per  bale,  ahtpped  or  landed. 

Tranahipmeuts :  If  landed,  dumped,  and  reahipped,  Sd.  per  bate. 


WBAKFAOB  KATES. 


79 


Grass* 
ei  ports, 


Coal. — Is.  3d.  p«r  too  landed  ;  6d.  per  too  shipped.  ^ 

TtmnshipmenU  :  Shipped  or  disoh&rged  over  side  for  steunar's  Qss,  fiflo.  ' 

Ttmb^^Sskmjk,  2fi.  per  1.000  ft   I&nded ;  Is.  per  1,000  ft,  shipped.     BauUc  or 
round  (lees  ISJ  per  ceot),  Is.  per  1,000  ft.  landed,  6d,  per  1,000  ft. 
shipped. 
Ptamogfin'  luggage  under  ball  a  too,  goods  carried  by  band  by  passeugers    and 
single  pftdctgM  under  5  ft.  measurement,  free. 

i1 

GiSBOBirx.  I 

Oftural  MtrchandUe.—lmpotU  5s.  to  6d.,  exports  2s.  6d.  to  6d,,  by  meaaon*] 

ment,  from  40  cubic  feet  to  4  oubio  feet ;  same  tor  weigbt.    A1e»  beer.  ' 

aDd  porter,  per  gallon— Import,  IJd. ;  export,  Jd,     spirits  iind  wine^  , 

per  toD  measuremeDt,  7s.  6d,      No  export  cbarges  on  goods  that  havft  ' 

paid  inward  wharfage.  , 

Transbipmanta :  Fre«.  i 

Gmsis  and  Agricultural  Produce.— -Grtkin — Import*,   5a.:   exports,   Is 

seed— Imports,  5s.:  exports,  28.       Potatoes— Imports,   5s,. 

2s.  6d.  (per  12  sacks). 

Transhipments:  Free. 

FroBtn   Mtat,  Butter,  <fe.^Sheep,  2d.  pet  carcase  ;   lambs»   Id,  per 

baunches,  legs^  &c.»  9s.  6d.  per  Ion.  J 

Transhipments:  Free,  1 

Wool.—1%*  dd.  per  bale,  export. 

Transhipments:  3d.  per  bale  if  landed  and  reshipped.    Free  it  transhipped 
into  vessel  in  roadstead.  . 

Cool. — 2s.  per  ton.  I 

Transbipments:  Free.  1 

TVmfrir.^Sftwn,   4s.  per  1,000ft.:   baulk,   Is*  per  1,000  ft.,  imports;   Is.,  And 
6d.,  per  1,000  ft.,  exports. 
Transbipmenis :  Free.  J 

Traiues.  1 

Qmtfixl  Metchandiu,—i»,  6d.  per  ton,  imports  or  exports,  without  labour. 

Trmn&bipments :  Free,  if  inward  wharfage  bas  been  paid ;  half  rates  other- 
wise. 
Qrain  and  Agricultural  Produce,^l$,  6d.  per  ton,  imports  or  exports,  without 
labour. 
TransbipmeiatB :  Free,  if  inward  wharfage  has  been  paid ;  half  ratee  other- 
wise. 
Frofrn  Meat,  Butter,  rfc— None  shipped.  ■ 

Tranabipments :  Half  rates.  I 

VTool  —Is.  6a.  per  ton.  I 

Transhipments:  Half  rates.  I 

CoaL—ls.  6d.  per  ton,  without  labour. 

Transhipments :    Free,  if    inward    wharfage    bas    been    paid ;    half  rates 
otherwise. 
Timbtr,—^.  to  Is.  per  1,000  ft.  sawn  timber ;  6d.  per  1,000  shingles ;  2a.  per  lOOa 
props  ;   If .  Gd.  per  100  slabs ;  4s.  per  100  deepers :  2a.  6d.  per  lOQH 
posts  and  rails ;  28.  6d.  per  1,000  palings  ;  Gd.  per  ton  firewood.  | 

Kew  Plymouth,  m 

OfHfral  Mirchanduc*—^i.  per  too.                                           ^  I 

Traoshipments  :  Is.  6d.  p»r  ton.                                           "  1 

Orain  and  AgncuUural  Produce,^2a,  per  ton  ;  graflfi-seed,  2s.  per  20  saoki.  I 

Transhipments     Is.  Gd.  per  ton.  1 

fyvMis  Meat,  Butler,  ifc— 2».  per  ton.  J 

TraDBbipments  :  Is.  6d.  per  too.  l 
VPooiL— Gd.  per  bale  ;  five  bales  of  4owt.,  2-t.  per  ton;  three  bales  of  over  4cirf.r 
2s.  per  ton. 

Transhipments:  Three  quarter  rates.  J 


ao 


NBW   KRAbAMO  OrPIOIAI.  TBAB-BOOK. 


4 


CoaL — 24.  per  ton  ;  brown  ooal,  I9.  9d,  :  with  Iftbour.  ^M 

TrADsbtpmeaU :  Thrae  quarter  r&t^F^  with  Iftb^ar.  ^ 

Timber. — 480  ft.  per  ton,  2i, ;  hurdwood,  390  ft.  p9r  ion  (rougb  or  Bftwn),  39. :  wm 
labour. 

■  TraBBhipmeDts  :  Three-quarter  rales. 

B  Waitaba, 

O&Kiral  Merchandise.— law ^fdi,  2s.  per  toti,  iticlading  forty- sight  hours'  itorAge  ; 
outwards,  2^.  per  ton,  iaclddiog  teo  days*  storage.     Labour  provided 
I  by  the  Board. 

I  Transhipmentg  :  Half  rates. 

I     Orain  and  Agricultural  Produce,  —  Imports^  2s>  pec  Ion;  gra^s-aeed,    2s.  per 
I  20  aacki.     Labour  provided.     Expr>rka,  in  not  leas  than  3-ton  lots*  Is. 

I  ^er  (on, 

I  Trait  ship  men  ts:  Half  rat^s. 

I      Froftn  MtaK  Butter,  dc. — Is.  per  ton  weight,  without  labour. 
I  TranHhipmeiits  :  Half  rates,  without  labour. 

I      WooL — Dumped,  4^^.  per  bale;  undumpedp  6d.  per  bile. 
*  Transhipments :  Hatf  ratea. 

Coal, — Xmp:)rts,  Is.  Gi.  pir  ton,  without  labour ;  brown  oofti,  Is.  par  ton,  without 
labour, 
L  Tranahipments  :  Half  rates. 

I     Timber.— Vader  5,000  ft.,  ad.  per  100  ft, ;  ovef  5»000ft.,  2d.  pec  lOO  it. :    without 

■  labour.     Exported  whltepino,  if  ovdr  5,000  It,,  l|i.  pir  100  ft.  :  with- 

■  out  labour. 
W           Tranahipmjnts  :  Half  rates, 
I  Patka. 

I  General  M0rcJvindisi!.—2&.  p^r  ton»  Imports  or  exp or tfl  |f produce  shipped  direct 

I  from  South  ports,  Is.  6d.), 

I  Transhipments :  Is.  pec  ton. 

I  Orain  and  Agricultural  Produce,— ^a.  per  ton  of  10  sacks  graiUi  20  saoks  oocki- 

I  foot  grast  seed»  20  sacks  bran,  40  sacks  ohaff,  16  sacks  pollard  or  rye- 

I  grass.     Potatoes,  export,  la.  per  ton  ;  import,  3s.  per  to:i, 

I  J'rojin  Meat,  Butter,  de  —Batter  and  obeese  Is.  per  to  a,  without  labour,  from 

■  grading  wharf ;   otherwise,   28.,  with   lab:)ur;      Frozen  meat,   It.  for 
I  30  caroasea  sheep,  2-$.  per  caroftse  cattle.     Cased  meats,   Is.  pir  ton, 

■  without  labour, 
I  TPooL— 6d.  per  bale,  inoluding  storage. 
I  Coah — la.  per  toti^  without  labour. 
I  Timiit, — 4d.  per  iOO  ft. ;  labour  extra. 

r  WAmo^t 

Oensral  Merchandiae,—2B,  per  ton,  imports  aud  exports. 

Grain  and  Agricultural  Produce,— Is,  6i.  per  ton,  importa  and  exports. 

Butter.— 2*.  p«r  ton. 

Tf  oof.— 9d.  per  bale,  imports  and  exports. 

Coal — Is.  per  ton. 

Timber.— 2id.  per  100  ft.    Exports,  fruit,  free.     Returned  emptied,  free. 

Napier, 
General  Merchandise.— 2  i.  per  t^n  imports,  1^.  par  ton  exports,  according   to 

t  measurement  or  walght.      If  labour  auppAieJ,  aid  on  61.   imports, 
and  61.  exports.    Ballast,  inwards,  1^.  per  ton;  ou^^waids,  1§.  per  ton. 
Empiies,  half  rates, 
bipmeuts  :   Quarter  import  ratea.  Outer  Harbour;  half  import  CftlM, 
Inner  or  Breakwater  Harbours. 
d    Agricultural    Produce. — 23.    import*!,    U.    exports,    according    to 
measurement  or  weight.     If  labour  supplied,  aid  on  6d.  import-),  aud 
6d.  exports, 
hipmonts :   Quarter  import  rates,  Outer  Harbour     half  import  ratot^ 


WRABFAOE  BATES. 


81 


fVvirit  or  ChUUd  Meat,  Sc,-~lmpoti»  fue ;  exporta   1b.  per  too,    T^Jbw  ftmd 
pelti.  imports  freo ;  experts  24.  6d,  per  ion. 
Trmasbipmente :   Qjarter  import  rat^s,  Outer  Harbour ;    baU  impart  ratet 
Inner  or  Breakwater  Harbours, 
WoiA. — 6i.  per  bale,  expo^rte  only.      Imporle,  free. 

Touiifaip^neot^ :  Wool.  f[%%,   skins,  or  iow»  3d.  over  Me ;  3 1.  per  bale    if 
liuided  for  traoehipment  or  damping, 
Gooi  —la.  importa ;  Is.  exports. 

TrmnthJpsieDts  :  Quarter  raiee»  Outer  Harbour;  half  rates,  Innfir  or  Break* 
water  Harbours.     Goal  Cor  engines  and  freezing  ship  i,  Outer  Harbour^ 
free,  if  declared  s^. 
Timber.— 3i.  4d.  per  1,000 ft.«  imports;  Is.  3d.  per  1.000ft.  exports. 

Tranflbipments :  H*ilf  latei,  Inner  or  Breakwater  Harbours;  quarter  rates, 
Outer  Harbour. 

HvTC-^CKxili  olbar  tban  waol*  Bklne,  tew*  maate,  and  flax  lauded  on  a  wharf  for  traa- 
it  lo  a  vessel    Ijit 
{ at  ttma  of  eatiy. 


tiapmeot  lo  a  vessel   lying  at  anotlier  l>»rtb  charged  inward  wharfage  only  when 


Wanoauui. 

Gtfu^mj  MtrehandUi. — Imports,  3i,  per  ton  ;  exporbet  U.  6d.  per  ton, 

Tnwebipmenti^ :  Half  rates. 
Of0tm  an^^i  Agricultural  Produce.— Imports,  3e.  pir  ton  ;   exports,  1«.  6d.  per  ton. 
Potatoes,  export,  U,  p3r  ton. 
Triifitbjpments :  Half  rates. 
^rmm  Meat.  Butter,  cite.— Sheep,  Ji.  per  caroaes  ;  lamb^,  (d.  per  carcase  ;  leg*, 
shoulders,  and  loin?  oalauUted  at  so  many  to  a  oaroase,  aooording  to 
freigbt 

WM.— 3d.  p>r  bale. 

Transhipments :  Half  rates. 
CooJ. — If.  3d.  per  tm.    Goal  for  ship's  U9e,  outward,  3d.  per  too. 

Transbipmoots:  Half  rates. 
Timber. — 6d.  per  100  ft. ;  far  shipment,  ^. ;  wbite-plns,  Id. 

Tranahipments :  Half  rates, 

Wbllxnotow. 

Merchaiuiiie. — 2^.  p3r  ton  inwards,  including  labour  and  one  night's 

aiori^e.     Glass,  acids,  and  special  goods,  5s.  per  ton.     Inward  oargo 

landed  aft^r  noon    on   Friday   is  stored   tree  till  noon   on   following 

Moodaj;    landed  aiter  noon  on  Saturday  is  stored  free  till   5  p.m. 

on  the  following  Tuesday,      is.  per  ton  outwards,  including  labour. 

Qlaae,  acids,  and  spacial  goods,  2s.  6d.  per  ton.     Railway  wharfage^ 

Is,  inwards,  6d.  outwards,  without  labour. 
Transhipments;  2^.  6d.  per  ton,  iaoluding  labour  and  seven  days'  storage. 

Qlase,  acids,  and  special  goods,  5s.  per  too.    Over  side  of  vessel  lying 

At  wharf,  6d.  per  ton.    If  shifted  more  than   a  quarter  of  a  mile. 

6d.  per  ton  extra. 
and  Agricultural  Produce.— 29.  per  ton  inwards,  tncluding  labour  and 

one  night's  storage  ;  Is.  per  ton  outwards,  inoluding  labour.    Railway 

wharfage — Is.  inwards^  6d.  outwards,  without  labour. 
Tr&nshipments :    %^.  per   ton,   incluiing   labour   and  seven   days'  storage. 

Over  side  of  vessel  at  wharf,  6d.  per  ton.     If  shifted  more  tban  a 

quarter  of  a  mile,  6d.  per  ton  extra. 
Meat,  ButUr^  tic. — la,  inwiiktds,  la.   outwards,  par  ton,  without  labour. 

Hallway   wharfage  —  la.   inwards,    6d.   outwards,   per    ton,   without 

labour. 
TfftDabtpments :  M^iat,  Is.  3d.  por  ton,  without  labour ;  butter,  2s.  61.  per 

ton,  includiig  labour  and  storage.      Meat,  butter,  Mq,,  over  side  of 

fMseJ  at  wbarf,  6d.  per  ton. 


82 


NEW    ISKikLAND   OFFICIAL   TBAIt-BOOK. 


Wool— id,  per  b&le  tit  Rallwiky  Wharf,  without  Uboiir;   6d.  per  b&le  at  ofclifr 
wharves,  tnclQding  labour. 
Transbipmente :  6i.  per  bale.  includtDg  labour,  and  3d.  additional  if  stared. 
If  shifted  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  3d.  per  bale  extra.     Over  fiido 
of  ves&el  to  veBsoI  at  wh>&rf,  3d.  per  bale. 
Coal, — Is,  per  ton   imports,   6d.   per  ton  exports,  without  labour.     B&ilway 
wliarfage— 16.  per  ton  inwariSf  Gd.  per  ton  outwardt,  without  labour 
Traushipmeota :  AorosB  wharf  for  steamer's  uiei  free.     From  vesMl  or  hulk 
to  vessel  at  wharf»  free. 
r»m6er,— 2d,  per   lOQft.  Inwarde;    IJd.  per   100  ft.   outwards,  without  labour. 
If  labour  supplied,  2d,  per  100ft.  added  iDwards,  and  l|d.  outwards. 
Railway  wharfage^ 2d.  inwards  IJd.  outwards,  without  labour. 
TrauHhipments:  2&    6d.  par  toD,  including  seven  davi^  storage  aud  labour* 
If  sbificd  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  Cd.  per  ton  extra.     Over 
vessel's  side  into  another  vessel  at  wharf,  6d.  per  ton. 
Harbotir-improvcment  Bate.— The  charge  of  3d.  per  ton  shall  be  made  to  and 
payable  by  ships  to  the  Board,  bs  a  harbour  improvement  rate,  on  all 
goods  landed  on  the  wharves  or  landing-places  under  the  control  of 
^_  the  Board,  except  on  coal  and  on  ballast,  and  except  on  euoh  goods 

^H  as  are  the  products  of  the  Colony  of  New  Zealand  and  are  landed  for 

^m  the  purpoee  of  iranEhipment  to  vessels  to  be  carried  out  of  the  colony: 

^H  Provided  lb  at  for  the  purposes  of  this  by-law  the  following  measure- 

^H  meuts  shall  be  taken:   Empties,  half  toonage;  wool,  five  bales  io  (he 

^B  Ion ;    great  cattle,  each  one  ton  ;   small  cattlei  twelve  to   the  too ; 

^B  timber,  500ft.  supi^rficial  measurement  to  the  ton;    bricks,  slates, 

^H  and  tiles,  500  to  the  ton  ;  cart^  and  carriages,  each  two  tons  [  Ioom 

^B  hides,  twenty- five  to  the  ton. 

Nelson. 
Qeneral  Mtrchundiae.—2s.  per  ton,  imports  and  expoit*,  with  labour. 

Transhipmeuts  :  Free  when  not  landed  on  wharf ;  28.  6d  if  landed. 
Qrain  and  Agricultural  Produce.— Is.  6i.  per  ton»  imports  and  exports,   with 
labour. 
TrftDBhipmeniB :  Free  when  not  landed  on  wharf  ;  2s.  6d.  if  landed. 
Fraten  Meat,  Butter ^  <fc.— None  shipped. 

Transhipments  :  Free  when  nob  land  d  on  wharf ,  half  rates  if  lauded. 
Wool* — Exports,  Is^  per  bale  ;  imports  free 

Transhipments    Free  when  not  landed  on  wharf  ;  half  rates  if  landed. 
CoaL — li.  per  ton  imports ;  24.  with  labour.     Free,  exports  ;  24.  6d.  per  ton  witb 
labour. 
Transhipments:  Free  when  not  landed  on  wharf. 
Timber.— Id.  per  100  ft.  super.,  import;    Id.  per  lOO  ft.  super.,  export;  2^.  per 
ton  bj  measurement :  with  labour. 
Transhipments:  Free  when  not  landed  on  wharf;    half  rates  if  landed  on 
wharf,     Reahipments,  2tj,  6d.  per  ton. 

Westpobt. 
Oeneral  Merchandise.— 2b.  per  ton,  and  Is.  per  ton  for  receiving  and  delivering. 
Transhipments:  2e.  Gd.  per  ion,  inoludiog  labour  and  one  week's  storage; 
Is.  per  ton  if  transhipped  to  vessel  or  lighter,, 
Grain  and  Agrtctdiural  Produce*— 2b,  pet  ton.,  and  Is.  per  ton  for  reoeiving  and 
delivering. 
Transhipments :  2s,  Gd.  per  ton,  Including  labour  and  one  week's  storage  ; 
Is,  per  ton  if  transhipped  to  vessel  or  lighter. 
FroB&n   Meat,   Butter,   dc,  —  2s,    par   ton,   and   Is.    per   tin   for    receiving    and 
delivering. 
Transhipments :  2s.  6d.  per  ton,  inetadlng  labour  and  one  week's  storage. 
Wool — 6d,  per  bale. 

Transhipments :   Ss.  6d,  ^r  tooi  including  labour  and  one  week'i  storage ; 
Is,  per  ton  if  transhipped  to  vessel  or  lighter. 


WHAEFilOB   BAI 


<k»L^%d.  per  ion. 
Timber.— 2d.  per  100  ffc. 


If  for  eiport  &Qd  carried  by  raiJi  free. 
Greymouth, 


<hn4rul  Merchandise,— 3ti.  per  ton.    Thifs  o barge  ttioludes  la.  a  ton  for  reoeiTing 
and  delivering,     Coko,  brickB,  and  fireclay  carried  by  rail  for  export, 
free. 
TraoBhtpmente :  2f.  6d.  per  ton,  including  labour  mnd  oce  week's  storage; 
l9.  per  ton  if  tran shipped  to  vessel  or  lighter. 
Oratn  and  Agricultural  Prodttce  —3b.  per  ton.     This  charge  includes  U.  m  ton 
for  receiving  and  delivering. 
Transhipments:  2^,  6d.  per  ton,  including  labour  and  one  week's  storage; 
1».  per  ton  if  trac shipped  to  vessel  or  lighter, 
TVoaeit  Me^it,  Butter,  ttc, — 38.   per  ton.      This   oliarge  inoludea  le.   a   ton  for 
receiving  and  delivering. 
TiaJiehipmenta  :  2a.  6d.  per  ton,  including  labour  and  one  week's  i-torage* 
IFooL— 6d   per  bale, 

Xranahipmeuts :  29.  6d.  per  ton,  including  labour  and  one  week's  storage; 
l9.  per  ton  if  tranahtpped  to  vessel  or  lighter.  * 

Clooi.^ — 6d.  per  ton  inward*;  ontwatdst  free,  if  carried  by  rail, 
!Wb«r, — InwardB,  2d.  per  100  ft.  ;  outwArds,  free,  if  carried  by  rail. 

Lyttelton. 

Gtneral  MerthartdUe. — Is,  9i.  per  ton. 

Transhipments  :  Free,  whether  landed  on  wharf  or  otherwisoi 
Qrixm.  atid  Agfric^diural  Produce*--Od*  per  ton. 

Transhfpmenls  :  Free. 
Frosen  Meat,  Butter,  ifc.—Sd.  per  ton. 

Transhipments  ;  Free,  whether  landed  on  wharf  or  otherwise. 
WooL—^^  per  bale. 

Transhipments  .  Free, 
Coal*—  8d,  per  ton. 

Tr&oshipmeuts  :  Free,  whether  landed  on  wharf  or  otherwise. 
Timber.— 3^6.  per  100  ft. 

Transhipments :  Free. 

N.B.— All  reshipments  of  goods  from  Lyttelton  tmdei  declaration,  (reeu 

TtMABO. 

O4n0rul  Merchandise.  -Is.  per  ton. 

Transhipments :  Half  rates. 
Ofttjii  and  AgriciUtural  ProdiKe.—le.  6d.  per  ton» 

Tr&Dsbipments :  Half  rates, 
Frcfgn  H^at,  Butter,  dc.—l%.  Gd.  per  ton  weight, 

TraosbipmeDls:  Half  rates, 
Wool.—ls^^  per  bale. 

Transhipments :  Half  rates. 
Cdai.— 2s.  j)er  ton. 

Transhipments :  Half  rates.    For  bunkering  purposes,  free, 
Timh^.—Adi.  per  100  ft. 

Transhipmenta :  Half  rates. 

4hmral  Merchandise. —'2%,  pet  ton. 

Tr&DshipmentA :  Free, 
^Tratn  and  Agricultural  iVocfnes.— 2a,  per  ton. 

Trmnthlpnjents :  Free. 
Pr^atn  M tat.  Butter^  tic— ^d.  per  sheep.     Butter, 
Other  frozen  gooda,  2s.  per  ton 

Tranabipments :  Free. 
WooL—^^  per  bale, 

TEAOsbipments :  Free. 


as  merohandise,  2b,  per  ton. 


84 


NKW    KEALAND    OFFICIAt.    TSAB-BOOS. 


Coal. — 2fl.  per  ton. 

TranflbipmeDta:  Free. 
Timber,— 5d.  and  7d.  per  100  ft.     FenoiDg  postn  and  stAls,  4s.  per  100,     Palmgf^ 
7d.  per  100. 
Tt&Qahipmenta:  Free. 
Stone,— id.  par  foot. 

Live  Cattle  aiul  Horses.— ^n,  6d.  ^t^ch  ;  yearlingB,  bAif  rate^.     Sheep,  2d,  eaob; 
pigs,  4d.  oAoh, 

Otaoo  (Durbodi). 

Qetieral  Merchandiie.--U.,  2s.,  3f.,  is.,  Aod  5e.  per  too,  importe  ;    2s.  aod  3s.  per 
totir  expoctf.     (CiaAsificd.)     MauQl&ctured  artccles  and  articles  wblcb 
have  paid  an  import  duty,  free.     Beer  2s.  per  tOQ.     A  rate  of  2a.  per 
ton  by  weight  upon  all  fiour»  malt,  meal,  tallow,   bone,  ores,  aod 
quartz. 
TranehipmeDtfi :  la.  per  ton. 
Grain  and  Agricultural  Produce.— 1?.  por  ton,  imports;  6d.  pet  ton  by  weighti 
exports;  bran  and   pollaid,  exportSt  free;  flour  and  oatmeal,  2fl.     A 
rate  of  6d.  per  ton  by  welgbt  upon  all  barley,  wbeat,  cats,  rye,  beanat 
whole  peas,  maize^  potatoes,  turnips,  carrote,  otttonei  straw,  bay,  and 
building-stone. 
Traosbipmetits :  Is.  per  ton. 
Froiin  Meat,  ButUr,  tf^^.—Flax,  fungus,  rabbits,  live-stoek,  and  beef,  Ifl.  per  Iod 
imports  {measurennntj,  €d.  per  ton  ixpoits;  butter  atd  cbeeae,  im- 
ports, 4s.  per  ton  (weight) ;  frozen  meat,  imports,  5^^.  per  ton. 
TransbipmenCB  :  Is.  per  ton. 
Wool.—Bv^otts,  23.  3d.  per  ton,  wool,  skins,  and  hides;   4s,  per  ton,  imports 
(three  bales  to  ton). 
Transhipments  :  le,  per  ton  by  measarement. 
CoaLSn.  per  ton,  imports  ;  expo r la  free. 

Transhipments :  Is,  pti  ton. 
Timber.Sd,  and  3d.  per  100  auperfieial  feet,  imporis  ;  exporte,  free, 

TrausbipmentB :    Is.   per   Ion   by  measurement.      Notice   o£   tranablpment 
muEt  be  given  nithin  twenty-four  hours  after  ship^a  arrival. 

Bluff. 

twnerai  Merchandise,— U.  lOd.  per  ton,  imports  and  exports. 

Transhipments  :  Free  when  not  lacded  on  wbarf ;  balf  rates  if  landed. 
Grain  and  Agricultural  Produ^^.— lid.  per  ton,  imports  and  exports. 

TraiiBhipmentB :  Free  when  not  landed  on  wharf ;  half  rates  if  landed, 
Frottfi  Meat,  Butter,  dc.—  lid.  per  ton,  exports;  oheese,  le.  per  ton. 

Transhipments :  Free  when  not  landed  on  wharf ;  hall  rates  If  landed. 
Wool. — Eiporta,  9d.  per  bale  ;  imports,  free. 

Transhipments  ;  Free  when  not  landed  on  wharf ;  half  rates  if  landed. 
Cool* — Is.  Ba.  per  ton,  imports  ;  free  exports. 

Tranabipments :  Is.  6d.  per  ton  when  la&ded  ex  hulk  ;  free  when  not  landed 
on  wharf. 
Timber,^l9.  per  1,000  ft.  super.,  import ;  le.  per  1,000  ft.  super.,  export. 

Trtnahipments     Free  when  not  lacded  on  wharf  ;  half  rates  if  landed  en 
wharf. 


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NBW    ZBALAND    OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK 


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NBW   ZEALAND  NEWSPAPERS.  87 

NEW  ZEALAND  NEWSPAPERS. 

Thebb  are  (January,  1906)  226  publications  on  the  register  of 
newspapers  for  New  Zealand.  Of  these,  sixty-two  are  daily  papers, 
thirty-three  are  published  three  times  a  week,  twenty-four  twice  a 
week,  sixty-eight  once  a  week,  two  fortnightly,  one  three-weekly, 
and  thirty-six  monthly. 

The  names  of  the  newspapers,  with  the  postal  districts  and  towns 
in  which  they  are  printed,  are  given  in  the  following  list,  the  second 
column  showing  the  day  or  period  of  publication. 

M.  signifies  morning  paper ;  E.  evening  paper. 

Auckland. 
Auckland — 

Auckland  Free  Press  (M.)  . .  Saturday. 

Auckland  Star  (E.)        . .  . .  Daily. 

Auckland  Weekly  News  and  Town  and  Country  Journal  (M.)  Thursday. 
Bible  Standard  (hi.)  . .  . .  Monthly. 

Christian  Worker  (M.)  . . 

Church  Gazette  (M.)     . . 

New  Zealand  Farmer,  Bee  and  Poultry  Journal  (M.) 

New  Zecdand  Farmerd'  Weekly  and  Land  Agents'  Rec  )rd 

(M.)  ..  ..  ..  Tueslay. 

New  Zealand  Graphic,  Ladies*  Journal,  and  Youths'  Com- 
panion (M.)  . .  . .  . .  . .   Wednesday. 

New  Zealand  Herald  (M.)  . .  Daily. 

New 'Zealand  Illustrated  Magazine  (M.}  . .  Monthly. 

New  Zealand  Illustrated  Sporting  and  Dramatic  Review 

and  Licensed  Victuallers'  Gazette  (M.)  . .  Thursday. 

New  Zealand  Joyful  News  (M.)  . .  Monthly. 

New  Zealand  Motor  and  Cycle  Journal  (M.)    . . 
New  Zealand  Worker  (E.)  . .  . .   Wednesday. 

Observer  (M.)  . .  . .  . .  Saturday. 

Saturday  Night  (E.) 

Sentinel  (E.)  . .  . .  Thursday. 

Sharland's  Trade  Journal  (M.)        . .  . .  Monthly. 

Tourist  and  Resources  of  New  Zealand  (M.)    . . 

Voice  (M.)     . .  . .  . .  . .  Saturday. 

Cambridge — 

Waikato  Indepenient  (E.)  ..   Tues.,Thur.,  Sat. 

Coromandel — 

Coromandel  County  News  and  Kuaotunu  and  Mercury  Bay 

Mail  (E.)  . .  . .  '      . .  Tuesday,  Friday. 

DargaviUe — 

North  Auckland  Times  (£.)  . .   Mon.,  Wed.,  Fri. 

Wairoa  Bell  and  Northern  Advertiser  (E.)  . .  Tuesday,  Friday. 

Hamilton — 

Waikato  Argus  (E.)       ..  ..  ..  Daily. 

Waikato  Times  and  Thames  Valley  Gazette  (E.) 
Helensville— 

Kaipara  Advertiser  and  Waitemata  Chronicle  (M.)  . .   Wednesday. 

Kawakawa — 

Bay  of  Islands  Times  (M.)  . .  Thursday. 

Northern  Luminary  (£.)  . .  Friday. 

Kawhia — 

Rawhia  Settler  and  Raglan  Advertiser  (E.)     . . 
Kohukohu — 

Hokianga  County  Times  and  North-western  Representa- 
tive (E )  . .  . .   Saturday. 


88  NIW    8BALAHD  OFPiaAL  T1A»-B00K. 

Mangonai — 

Mangonai  Oooniy  Times  and  Northern  Bepresenkatife  (B.)  Toeiday. 
Onehunga—         ! 

Manukau   Ooanty  Ohroniole   and  Aaokland   Prorinoial 

Times  (M.)  ..  Saturday. 

Raglan- 
Raglan  Oounty  Chroniole  (M.)  . .  Friday. 
Rotorua— 

Hot  Lakes  Chroniole  (M.)  . .   Wed.,  Batofday. 

Warkwoith- 

Rodney  and  Otamatea  Times,  Waitemata  and  Kaipara 

Gazette  (E.)  . .  Friday. 

Wbangarei — 

Morning  Press  (M.)  . .  Tues.,  Thor.,  Bat. 

Northern  Advocate  (E.)  . .  . .   Daily. 

**  ,    ,  Thames. 

Karangabake — 

Qoldfields  Advocate  and  Ohinemari  County  Chroniole  (M.)  Tom.,  Thur.,  Sat. 
Opotiki— 

East  Coast  Guardian  (E.)  . .  Wed.,  Saturday. 

Opotiki    Herald,  Whakatane    County    and    East   Coast 

Gazette  (E.)  . .  Tuesday,  Friday. 

Paeroa — 

Ohinemuri  Gazette  (E.)  ..  Mon.,  Wed.,  Fri. 

Tauranga— 

Bay  of  Plenty  Times  and  Thames  Valley  Warden  (E.)     . . 
Te  Aroha— 

Te  Aroha  and  Ohinemari  News  and  Upper  Thames  Advo- 
cate (E.)  ..  ..  ..  Taes.,  Thar.,  Sat. 

Thames — 

Thames  Advertiser  (M.)  . .  . .  . .  Daily. 

Thames  Star  (E.)  ..  ..  ..  ... 

Waihi- 

Waihi  Daily  Telegraph  (E.)  . .  . .      « 

Gisbome-  Gisborne. 

Gisbome  Times  (M.)      . .  . .  . .  . .  Daily. 

Poverty  Bay  Herald  (E.)  ..  ... 

Inglewood-  N"^  Plymouth. 

Inglewood  Record  and  Waitara  Age  (E.)         . .  . .  Mon.,  Wed.,  Fri. 

New  Plymouth — 

Budget  and  Taranaki  Weekly  Herald  (M.)  . .  Saturday. 

Daily  News  (M.)  . .  . .  . .  . .    Daily. 

Taranaki  Herald  (E.)    . .  . .  . .       , 

Taranaki  News  (M.)      . .  . .  . .  Saturday. 

Opunake — 

Opunake  Times  (E.)      . .  . .  Tuesday,  Friday. 

Stratford — 

Stratford  Evening  Post  (E.)  ..  ..  Daily. 

Waitara— 

Waitara  Evening  Mail  and  Clifton  County  Chroniole  (E.)     Mon.,  Wed.,  Fri, 

Dannevirke-  Napier. 

Dannevirke  Advocate  (E.)  ..  ..  ..  Daily. 

Dannevirke  Daily  Press  (E.)  . .  . .  ... 

Hastings- 
Hastings  Standard  (E.)  • .  . .  ... 

New  Zealand  Bulletin  (M.)  ..  ..  Saturday. 


NBW  ZSAIiAND  NBWBPAPBBS. 


89 


Kapier— 

D&Uy  Telegraph  (E.)      . .  . .  Daily. 

Hawke'B  Bay  Herald  (M.)  ..      « 

New  Zealand  Fire  ana  Ambulance  Record  (M.)  . .  Monthly. 

New  Zealand  Health  Joamal  (M.) 

Saturday  Night  Advertiser  (E.)      ..  ..  Saturday. 

Waipawa— 

Waipawa  Mail  (E.)  . .  Tues.,  Thur.,  Sat. 

Wairoa— 

Wairoa  Guardian  and  County  Advocate  (E.)  ..  ..  Mon.,  Wed.,  Fri. 


Eltham—  Wakganui. 

Eltham  Argus  and  Rawhitiroaand  Kaponga  Advertiser  (E.) 
Hawera — 

Egmont  Star  (M.) 

Hawera  and  Normandy  Star,  Patea  Oounty  Ohroniole,  and 
Waimate  Plains  Gazette  (E.)  . . 
Hunterville — 

Hunterville  Express  and  Upper  Raogttikei  Advertiser  (E.) 
Kaponga — 

Kaponga  Mail  and  District  Advertiser  (E.) 


Waimate  Witness  and  Kaponga  Advocate  (E.) 
Mangaweka— 

Settler  (E.)  ..  ... 

Marton — 

Rangitikei  Advocate  and  Manawatn  Argus  (E.) 


Patea  County  Press  (E.) 
Taihape — 

Post(B.) 

Taihape  and  Waimarino  News  (E.) 
Wanganui — 

New  Zealand  Good  Templar  Watchword  (M.) 

New  Zealand  Tit  Bits  (M.) 

Wanganui  Chronicle  (M.) 

Wanganui  Herald  (E)  . . 

Weekly  Chronicle  and  Patea-Rangitikei  Advertiser  (M.) . 

Yeoman  (M.) 


Daily. 

Saturday. 

Daily. 

Tues.,  Thur.,  Sat. 

Mon.,  Wed.,  Fri. 

Tues.,  Thur.,  Sat. 

Daily. 

Mon.,  Wed..  Fri. 

TueV,  Thur.,  Sat. 

Monthly. 
Saturday. 
Daily. 

Saturday. 
Friday. 


^  ^    ^  Wellington. 

Carterton— 

Wairarapa  Leader  (E.) . .  . .  Daily. 

Wairarapa  Observer,  Featherston  Chronicle,  East  Coast 
Advertiser,  and  South  County  Gazette  (E.) 
Eketahuna — 

Eketahuna  Express  and  County  Gazette  (E.)  . .  Tues.,  Thur.,  Sat. 

Feilding— 

Feilding  Star  (E.)         ..  ..  ..Daily. 

Foxton — 

Manawatu  Herald  (E.) . .  . .  . .  Tues.,  Thur.,  Sat. 

Greytown  North — 

Te  Puke  ki  Hikurangi  (E.)  . .  Friday. 

Wairarapa  Standard  and  Featherston  Advocate  (E.)       . .  Men.,  Wed.,  Fri. 
Levin — 

Manawatu  Farmer  and  Horowhenua  County  Chronicle  (E.) 
^lart  inborougb — 

Martinborough  Star  and  District  News  (E.)    . .  . .  Tuesday,  Friday. 


90 


MBW    EBALAND    OFFICIAL    TIAR-BOOK. 


Wellington— contimud, 
Masterton— 

Wairarapa  Age  (M.)  . .  Daily. 

Wairarapa  Daily  Times  (E.)  . .  . .      • 

Wairarapa  Matuhi  Press  (M.)  . .  Wednesday. 

Weekly  Star  and  Wellington  District  Advertiser  (M.)      . .  Thursday. 
Otaki— 

Otaki  Mail  and  Horowhenua  County  and  West  Coast 

Advertiser  (E.)        ..  ..  Mon.,  Wed.,  Pri. 

Pahiatua— 

Pahiatua  Era  (E.)  ..   Daily. 

Pahiatua  Herald  (E.)    . .  ... 

Palmerston  North — 

Manawatu  Daily  Times  (M.)  . .       • 

Manawatu  Evenirg  Standard  (E.) . . 
Petone — 

Hutt  and  Petone  Chronicle  (E.)  . .  Tues.,  Thar.,  Sat. 

Wellington- 
Church  Chronicle  (M.)  . .  . .   Monthly. 

Evening  Post  (E.)  . .  . .    Daily. 

Farmers' Union  Advocate  (M.)  ..  Saturday. 

Liberal  Herald  . .  . .   Monthly. 

New  Zealand  Craftsman  (M.) 

New  Zealand  Dairyman  and  Farmers'  Union  Journal  (E.) 

New  Zealand  Fi ee  Lance  (M.)        . .  . .  . .  Saturday. 

New  Zealand  Qrccer  and  Storekeeper  and  Shopkeepi  «-s* 

Advocate  (M.)  . .  . .  . .   Monthly. 

New  Zealfiind  Mail,  Town  and  Country  Advertiser  (M)     . .   Wednesday. 

New  Zealand  Mines  Record  (M.)    . .  . .   Monthly. 

New  Zealand  Primitive  Methodist  (M.) 

New  Zealand  Railway  Review  (E.)  ,♦ 

New  Zealand  Times  (M.) . .  . .  . .  Daily. 

New  Zealand  Trade  Review  and  Price  Current  (M.)         .     Three-weekly. 

New  Zealand  Truth  (M.)  . .  . .   Saturday. 

Pest  and  Telegraph  Officers'  Advocate  (E.)  . .   Monthly. 

Progrefs(M.) 

Prohibitionist  (E.)      . .  . .   Pri.,  fortnightly. 

Young  Man's  Magazine  (M  )  . .   Monthly. 

Woodville — 

Examiner  (E.)  . .   Mon.,  Wed.,  Fri. 

Freeman  (E.)  . .   Monthly. 


Blenhehn-  Blenheim. 

Marlborough  Express  (E.) 

Marlborough  Heiald  (E.) 
Havelock — 

Pelorus  Guardian  and  Miners'  Advocate  (M.) . . 
Pioton — 

Marlborough  Press,  County  of  Sounds  Gazette  (E.) 


..  Daily. 

. .  Tuesday,  Friday. 
..   Mon.,  Wed.,  Pri. 


Collingwood — 

Golden  Bay  Argus  (E.)  . . 

Motueka— 

Motueka  Star  (E.) 

Nelson- 
Colonist  (M.) 
Nelson  Evening  Mail  (E.) 

Takaka— 

Golden  Bay  News  (E.)  . . 


Nelson. 


..  Thursday. 

. .  Tuesday,  Friday. 

..  Daily. 

..  Thursday. 


NBW   ZEALAND  NEWSPAPERS.  91 


Charleston-                                     Westport. 

Charleston  Herald,  Brighton  Times,  and  Croninville  Re 

porter  (M.) 

.  Wed.,  Saturday, 

Morchison — 

Buller  Post  (E.) 

.  Tuesday. 

Westport— 

Buller  Miner  (M.) 

.  Friday. 

Westport  News  (M.)       .. 

Daily. 

Westport  Times  and  Evening  Star  (E.) 

• 

Obeymouth. 

Grejmouth — 

Evening  Star  and  Bnmnerton  Advocate  (E.)  . . 

Daily. 

Grey  River  Argus  (M.)  . . 

^ 

Weekly  Argus  (M.) 

Weekly. 

Reef  ton— 

Inangahua  Herald  and  New  Zealand  Miner  (M.) 

Daily. 

Inangahua  Times  and  Reef  ton  Guardian  (E.) 

• 

HOKITIKA. 

Hokitika— 

Hokitika  Guardian  and  Evening  Star  (E.) 

Daily. 

Leader  (M.).. 

Saturday. 

West  Coast  Times  M... 

Daily. 

Kumara — 

Kumara  Times  and  Dillman's  and  Goldsborough  Adver- 
tiser (E.)  ..  ..  ..  ..       , 

Ross- 
Ross  and  Okarito  Advocate  and  Westland  Advertiser  (M.)    Wed.,  Saturday. 

Chbistchubch. 
Akaroa — 

Akaroa  Mail  and  Banks  Peninsula  Advertiser  (M.)  . .  Tuesday,  Friday. 

Ashburton — 

Ashburton  Daily  News  (E.)  . .  . .  Daily. 

Ash  burton  Guardian  (E.)  ..  ..        » 

Ashburton  Mail,  Rakaia,  Mount  Somers,  and  Alford  Forest 

Advertiser  (M.)        ..  ..  Tues.,  Thur.,  Sat. 

Cheviot — 

Cheviot  News  (M.)         . .  . .  . .  Tuesday,  Friday 

Christchurch — 

Canterbury  Times  (incorporatiog  "  Sportsman  "  and  *'  New 

Zealand  Cyclist")  (M.)  ..Wednesday. 

Lyttelton  Times  (M.J     . .  . .   Daily. 

New  Zealand  Church  News  (M.)  . .   Monthly. 

New  Zealand  Co-operative  News  (M.) 

New  Zealand  Poultry-keeper  and  Fanciers'  Chronicle  (M.) 

New  Zealand  Schoolmaster  (E.) 

New  Zealand  War  Cry  and  Official  Gazette  of  the  Salva- 
tion Army  (M.)        . .  . .  . .   Saturday. 

Press  (M.)     . .  . .  . .  Daily. 

SpecUtor  (M.)  . .  . .   Tuesday. 

Star(E.)        ..  ..   Daily. 

Truth  (E.)     . .  . .  . .  . .        « 

Weekly  Press  (incorporating  ••  The  Referee  ")  (M.)  . .   Wednesday. 

White  Ribbon  (M.)  . .  Monthly. 

Kaikoura — 

Kaikoura  Star  and  North  Canterbury  and  South  Marl- 
borough News  (E.)  ..  Daily. 


92  NBW    8IALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAH-BOOK. 

Ohbistohubch — conitnued. 
Raogiora — 

Standard  and  North  Oanterbury  Guardian  (M.)  . .  Wed.,  Saturday. 

Southbridge — 

Ellesmere  Guardian  (M.)  . .  . .  . .       •  • 

Temuka-  ^'*'^«^- 

Geraldine  Guardian  (M.)  . .                . .                . .  Tues.,  Thar.,  Sat. 

Temuka  Leader  (M.)     . .  . .                . .                •  •      •          mm 

Timaru— 

Mercantile  and  Bankruptcy  Gazette  of  Kew  Zealand  (M.)   Thursday. 

Pioneer  (M.)  . .  Monthly. 

Timaru  Herald  (M.)  . .  Daily. 

Timaru  Post  (E.)  ... 
Waimate^ 

Waimate  Advertiser  (M.)  . .  Tues.,  Thar.,  Sat. 

Wai mate  Times  (M.)     ..  ..                ..                ..       #          »        , 

Oamabu. 
Oamaru — 

North  Otago  Times  (M.)  . .  . .  Daily. 

Oamaru  Mail  (E.)  . .  ... 

DUNEDIN. 

Alexandra  Souch— 

Alexandra  Herald  and  Central  Otago  Gazette  (E.)  . .  Wednesday. 

Balclutha— 

Glutha  Leader  (M.)       ..  ..  ..  Tuesday,  Friday. 

Free  Press  (M.)  . .  . .  . .  ... 

Clyde- 

Dunstan  Times,  Vincent  County  Official  Gazette,  and 

General  Goldfields  Advertiser  (E.)  . .  . .  Monday. 

Cromwell — 

Cromwell  Argus  and  Northern  Goldfields  Gazette  (E.)     . . 
Dunedin — 

Evening  Star  (E.)  ..  ..  ..  ..  Daily. 

Farmers'  Circular  (M.) . .  . .  . .  . .  Thur.,  fortn'ly. 

Farmers'  Standard  of  New  Zealand  (M.)         . .  . .   Monthly. 

New  Zealand  Baptist  (E.)* 

New  Zealand  Guardian  (M.)  . .  . .  . .  « 

New  Zealand  Journal  of  Education  (M.)         . .  . .  » 

New  Zealand  Mining,  Engineering,  and  Building  Journal 

(M.)  ..  ..  ..  ..  Thursday. 

New  Zealand  Public  Opinion  (M.) . 

New  Zealand  Tablet  (M.) 


Otago  Daily  Times  (M.) 

Otago  Liberal  and  Workman  (M) 

Otago  Witness  (M.) 

Outlook  (M.) 

Red  Funnel  (M.) 

Triad  (M.)    . . 

Tribune  (M.) 

Weekly  Budget  (M.) 
Lawrence — 

Tuapeka  Times  (M.) 
MQton— 

Bruce  Herald  (E.) 

Milton  Mirror  (E.) 


Friday. 
..  Thunday. 
..  Daily. 
..  Saturday. 
..  Thursday. 
..  Saturday. 
. .  Montbly. 
..   Monthly. 
..   Friday. 
..  Saturday. 

. .  Wed.,  Saturday. 

. .  Mon.,  Thursday. 


*  Edited  in  MoBgiel  by  Bev.  F.  W.  Boreham. 


MBW   ZEALAND   NEWSPAPERS. 


DoNEDnr — continued. 
Moigiel- 

V.  Taieri  Advocate  (E.) 
Haaeby— 

Mount  Ida  Ghroniole  (M.) 
Palmenton — 

Palmeraton  and  Waikouaiti  Times  (M.) 
RoKbnigh — 

Mount  Benger  Mail  (M.) 
Tapanni — 

Tapanui  Courier  and  Central  Distriots  Gazette  (M.) 


.  Tues.,  Friday. 
.  Friday. 
.  Friday. 
.  Wednesday. 
.  Wednesday. 


Ikysbcaboill. 
Arrowtown — 

Lake  County  Press  (E.)  . .  Thursday. 

Gore — 

Mataura  Ensign  (E.)     . .  .     Tues.,  Thur.,  Sat. 

Southern  Standard  (M.)  . .   Tuesday,  Friday. 

luTercargill — 

Southern  Cross  (M.)       . .  . .   Saturday. 

Southlander  (M.)  . .  Friday. 

Southland  Daily  News  (E.)  . .  Daily. 

Southland  Times  (M.)   . .  • .       • 

Weekly  Times  (M.)         . .  . .  Friday. 

Orepuki — 

Orepuki  Advocate  (M.)  . .  . .   Saturday. 

Otautau— 

Otantau  Standard  and  Wallace  County  Chronicle  iM.)    . .  Wednesday. 
Queenstown — 

Lake  Wakatipu  MaU  (E.)  . .  Friday. 

Biverton — 

Western  Star  and  Wallace  County  Gazette  (E.)  . .  Tues.,  Friday. 

Wtnton— 

Win  ton  Record,  Hokonui  Advocate,  and  Otautau  Guardian 

(M.)        ..  ..  ..  ..  ..   Friday. 

Wyndham — 

Wyndham  Farmer  (M.) 


Wyndham  Herald  (M.) 


. .   Men.,  Wed.,  Fri. 
. .   Tuesday,  Friday. 


The  foregoing  towns  are  arranged  according  to  the  postal  dis- 
trict in  which  they  are  situated. 

Taking  the  provincial  districts,  Auckland  has  50  pubHcations 
registered  as  newspapers,  Taranaki  13,  Hawke's  Bay  13,  Wellington 
50,  Marlborough  5,  Nelson  13,  Westland  8.  Canterbury  27,  and 
Otago  47. 


94  NBW    ZBALAND   OFFICIAL    TSAR-BOOI. 


THE  CUSTOMS  TARIFF  OF  NEW  ZEALAND, 

Ufider  the  Customs  and  Excise  Duties  Acts,  1888  and  1895,  "  The  Tdbate» 
Excise  Duties  Act,  2896,''  "  The  Customs  Duties  Amendment  Act,  1900,'* 
and  ••  T}ie  Preferential  and  Reciprocal  Trade  Act,  1903."  [For  raUe  under 
last-named  Act,  see  p.  111.] 


TABLE  OP  DUTIES. 
The  headings  of  the  reRpeotive   classes  in  this  Table  and   in   the   Table  o 
Exemptions  are  used  solely  for  convenience  of  classification,  and  shall  not  in* 
any  way  aSeot  the  articles  specified  therein,  or  be  construed  to  indicate  the- 
material  of  which  any  such  article  is  made. 

The  word  **  iron  "  includes  steel,  or  steel  and  iron  combined. 

Neither  steam-engines,  nor  parts  of  steam-engines,  nor  steam-boilen  (land 
or  marine)  are  included  in  the  expression  "machines"  or  ** machinery '*  ii» 
either  this  Table  or  the  Table  of  Exemptions. 

The  abbreviaton  "n.o.e."  means  not  otherwise  enumerated. 

In  computing  ad  valorem  duties  the  invoice  value  is  increased  by  10  per 
cent. 

Class  I. — Foods  and  Articles  for  Human  Consumption. 
Names  of  Articles  and  Rates  of  Duty. 

1.  Almonds,  in  shell,  2d.  the  lb. 

2.  Almonds,  shelled,  n.o.e.,  dd.  the  lb. 

3.  Bacon  and  hams,  2d.  the  lb. 

4.  Biscuits,  ships'  plain  and  unsweetened,  3s.  the  owt. 

5.  Biscuits,  other  kinds,  2d.  the  lb. 

6.  Boiled  sugars,  comfits,  lozenges,  Scotch  mixtures,  and  sugar-candy,  2d.  the 

lb.,  including  internal  packages. 

7.  Candied  peel  and  drained  peel,  3d.  the  lb. 

8.  Capers,  caraway  seeds,  catsup,  cayenne  pepper,  chillies,  chutney,  ourry  powder 

and  paste,  fish-paste,  gelatine,  isinglass,  liquorice,  olives,  20  per  cent* 
ad  valorem. 

9.  Chocolate  confectionery,  and  all  preparations  of  chocolate  or  coooa — 

In  plain  trade  packages,  3d.  the  lb. 

In  fancy  packages,  or  in  small  packages  for  retail  sale,  20  per  cent,  ad 
valorem. 

10.  Confectionery  n.o.e.,  2d.  the  lb.,  including  internal  packages. 

11.  Currants,  Id.  the  lb. 

12.  Fish,  dried,  pickled,  or  salted,  n.o.e.,  10s.  the  cwt. 

13.  Fish,  potted  and  preserved,  2d.  the  lb.  or  package  of  that  reputed  weight,. 

and  so  in  proportion  for  packages  of  greater  or  less  reputed  weight.* 

14.  Fruit,  fresh,  viz.  :— 

Apples,   pears,  plums,  cherries,   peaches,  nectarines,  medlars,  apricots, 

quinces,  tomatoes.  Id.  the  lb. 
(No  duty  exceeding  ^d.  the  lb.  to  be  levied  on  apples  and  pears  from 

14th  July  to  3l8t  December.) 
Currants,   raspberries,   gooseberries,    blackberries,   and   strawberries,   ^i. 

the  lb. 
Lemons,  ^d.  the  lb. 

15.  Fruits,  dried,  2d.  the  Ib.f 


*  Sucb  as  iR  of  foreign  produce  or  manufacture,  subject  to  preferential  dnty  (Beep.UlX 
i  This  refers  to  dried  fruits  other  than  currants  and  raisins. 


THE   CUSTOMS   TARIFF, 


95 


16.  Fruits  preserved  in  juice  or  RVtup,  25  per  ceot.  ad  valotem. 

17.  Fmit-pulp  aad  p&niallj  preserved  fruit  D.o.e.,  l^d,  the  lb, 
IB.  Fruits  preserved  by  Butpharotu  ftoid,  Id.  the  lb, 
19.  Glucose,  Id.  the  lb. 
90.  Hoiiey«  2d.  the  lb. 
^I.  J&ms,  jeilies,  marmalade,  and   preset vee*   2d.    the  lb.   or  package  of  that 

reputed   weight,   and  so   in   proportion  for  paokagea  of  greater  or  less 

reputed  weight. 
9S.  Jellies  concentrated  in  tablets  or  powder»  4d.  the  lb. 
is.  Maizena  and  ooruflour.  |d.  the  lb. 
M,  Meats,  potted  or  preserved,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
25.  Milk,  preserved,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 
dG.  Moatfrrd,  2d.  the  lb. 
"37.  Nate  of  all  kindK,  except  cocoa  nuts,  2d.  the  lb. 


98. 

31. 
S2. 
33. 
U, 

35. 

m 

38. 

40. 

41. 
^2 


Ojsiers,  preserved,  2d.  the  lb.  or  package  of  that  reputed  weight,  and  so  in 

proportion  for  packages  of  greater  or  less  reputed  weight. 
P«axl  bailey,  Is.  the  cwt. 
Pe&s.  split,  28.  the  owt. 
Piokles,  38.  the  imperial  gallon. 
Provisions,  n.o.e.,  20  per  oent.  ad  valorevi. 
B&isins,  Id.  the  lb. 
Rioe  flour,  6a.  the  cwt. 
Sardines,  inctuding  the  oil,  2d.  the  lb. 
Saucer,  4s.  the  imperial  gallon. 

Spices,  including  pepper  and  pimento,  unground,  2d,  the  lb. 
Spices,  including  pepper  and  pimento,  ground,  4d.  the  lb. 
Sugar,  ^d.  the  lb. 
Treacle  and  molasses,  ^d.  the  lb. 

Vegetables,  fresh,  dried,  or  preserved,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorevi. 
Vinegar,  table,  not  ezoeeding  C-5  per  oent.  of  acidity/  6d.  the  gallon. 


Class  I L— Tobacco, 


And 


43.  Cigarettes,  not  exceeding  in  weight  2^  lb.  per  1,000.  178.  6d.  the  1,000. 

for  all  weight  in  excesu  of  2^  lb.  per  1,000,  6d.  the  oz. 

44.  CigarB,  78,  the  lb, 
46.  Snnfl,  78.  the  lb. 

46.  Tobacco,  3a.  6d.  the  lb. 

47.  Tobacco,  unmanufactured,  entered  to  be  manufactured  in  the  oolony  In  any 

Uoensed  tobacco  manufactory,  for  manufacturing  purposes  only»  into 
tobacco,  cigars,  cigarettes,  or  snuff,  2s,  the  lb. 


Class  HI. — Alcoholic   Beverages,  and  Materials  for  Making 

Same. 

48l  Ale,  beer  of  all  eorts,  porter,  cider,  and  perry,  the  gallon,  or  for  six  reputed 
qoart  bottles,  or  12  reputed  pint  bottles,  2s,  the  gaOon. 

49.  Cordials,  bitters,  and  liqueurs,  16a.  the  liquid  gallon. 

50.  HoDfi,  6d.  the  Ib.f 
5K  MaJt,  2s.  the  bushel. 
5%  Bice  malt,  Id.  the  lb. 
l&S,  Solid  wort,  6d.  the  lb. 

54.  Spirits  and   strong   waters,  the   strength   of  which  can  be  ascertained  by 

Sykee's  hydrometer,  16a.  the  proof  gallon. 

(No  allowance  beyond  16'5  under  proof  shall  bo  made  for  spirits  or 
atroDg  waters  of  a  lees  hydrometer  strength  than  16  5  under  proof.) 

55.  Spirits  and   strong  waters,  sweetened  or  mixed »  when   not  exceeding   the 

streDgih  of  proof,  16s.  the  liquid  gallon. 


*  VlDflRar  exeeedittg  6  5  per  oeol.  of  aoidlty  to  be  brenti^d  &■  acetic  scid. 

t  Buob  u  is  of  foreign  produce  or  maauracture.imhject  to  proferentlal  doty  (» 


ap.UI)* 


RBW    £BAUANO   OFFIOUL    TIAR-BOOK. 


56.  Spiritfi  and  stroDg  waters  in  oatea  Bball  be  obarged  a«  follows*  sftmely : — 

Two  gfklloDs  and  under,  as  two  gallons ;  over  two  gallons  and  not  exceed- 
ing tbree,  as  three  gallons;  over  three  gallons  and  not  exceeding  foar» 
as  four  gallons;  and  so  on  for  any  greater  ^juantity  contained  in  any 
case. 

57,  Spirits  or  strong  waters,  mixedl  with  ingredients  in  any  proportion  eiceeding 

33  per  cent,  of  proof  spirit,  and  althongh  thereby  coming  under  any  other 
defiignation,  excepting  patent  or  proprietary  medicineR^  or  tinoturee  acd 
medicinul  spirits  otherwise  eoumerated,  16s.  the  liquid  gallon. 

56.  Wine,  AusttaliaBi  containing  not  more  than  35  fet  cent,  of  proof  spirit 
verified  by  Sykoses  hydrometer,  the  gallon^  or  for  six  repnted  quart  bottles^ 
or  twelve  reputed  pint  bottles,  5s.  the  gallon* 

59.  Wine,  other  tha.ii  §parkling  and  Australian,  containing  less  than  iO  per  cent. 
of  proof  spirit  verified  by  Sykes's  hydrometer,  the  gallon,  or  for  liz 
reputed  quart  bottles,  or  twelve  reputed  pint  bottles^  68.  the  gallon. 

GO.  Wtne«  sparkUng>  9s,  the  gallon. 


I 


Materials     fob 


Clabs     IV.^Non*alcoholic    Bevebages,    and 

MAKING  Same, 

61*  Aerated  and  mineral  waters  and  e0ervesoing   bever»gei»t  SO  per  c«iifc.  ad 

valortm. 

62.  Chicory,  3d.  the  lb. 

63.  Chocolate,  3d,  the  lb. 

64.  Cocoa,  3d.  the  lb. 

65.  Coflee,  essence  of,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

66.  Coiee,  roasted,  3d.  the  ib. 

67.  Syrups;  lime-  or  lemon-juice  aweetened  ;  raspberry  vinegar,  25  per  oenl.  ad 

valorem. 

68.  Tea.  2d.  the  lb.' 

Claba  Y. — Drugs,  Medicines,  Chemicals,  and  Druggists* 

Sundries. 

69.  Acid,  acetic,  n.o.e.,  containing  not  more  than  30  per  cent,  of  acidity^  Ijd. 

the  lb. 
For  every  10  percent,  of  acidity  or  frtcLioD  thereof  additional,  )d.  the  lb. 

70.  Acid,  tartaric.  Id.  the  lb. 

71.  Baking' powder,  yeast  preparations,  and  other  fermeDta^  20   per  cent,   ad 

vahrem, 

72.  Obemicals  n.o.e.,  including  photographic  chemicals,  and  glacial  acetic  Mid 

(B.P.  staodard}*  15  per  cent,  ad  vatonm. 

73.  Cream  of  tartar.  Id.  the  Ib^f 

74.  Drugs  and  druggists'  Bundriea  und  apothecaries'  warer,  n.o.e.,  15  per  cent, 

ad  valorem. 

75.  Essences,  flavouring,  epirituouB^  16s.  the  liquid  gallon. 

76.  EsseciceSy  davouring,  n.o.e.^  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
77-  Eucalyptus  oil,  in  bulk  or  bottle,  20  per  ceot,  ad  valorem, 
7d.  Glycerine,  refined^  20  per  cent,  etd  valorem. 

79.  Opium,  40s.  the  lb. 

80.  Patent  medicines,  15  per  cent,  ad  vakr«m.  __ 

81.  Proprietary  medicines,  or  medioamentp,  (1)  bearing  tlie  name  of  the  pro- 

prietor on  label  or  package;  (2J  bearing  a  prefixed  name  in  the  poa- 
sessivecEiee  ;  (3)  n.o.e.,  prepared  by  any  occult  secret  or  art,  15  per  oeot 
ad  valmtm, 

82.  Saccharine,  except  in  the  form  of  tabloids  or  tablets,  Is.  6d.  the  ounce. 


mt, 

i 


**^Frou:i  and  after  the  tbirlj-flnt  day  of  March,  ooo  IboQFaod  alue  hundred  and  fotv, 
00  dutf  Ahall  b«  levt&ble  on  tea  grown  in  an v  part  of  the  Biriti»b  domtnloos,  except  on 
lea  In  paekots  not  exceeding  one  pound  in  weight."  (Bectlou  9  of  "  The  Preferential  and 
Beoirrooal  Trade  Act.  1903."') 

\  Buoh  as  i«  of  foreign  prodtjce  or  manufaettire,  (ub^ect  lo  preff  rcniial  duty  (see  p.  111)^ 


TH8  ODSTOUS   TARIFF. 


97 


I 


SS.  Saraftpartlla,  15  per  cent,  ad  valonm, 

94.  Sodft,  c&rbocftte  axid  bicArbon^te.  Is.  the  cwt. 

85.  Sod^  cr>stal8.  28.  the  owt. 

86.  TisciDrefi  aod  medicinal  »piriifi  of  any  recognised  pbarmacopcei»t  containing 

more  than  50  per  cent,  of  proof  spirit,  la.  the  lb. 

87.  Tinctnree  aLd  medicinal  spirite  of  any  recognised  pharmacopcBie,  containirg 
50  per  cent,  proof  epirit  cr  lea*,  16  per  cent,  ad  valortm. 


Class  VI.— Clothino  and  Textile  Goods. 


f 


Apparel  and  ready  made  clotfaing,  and  all  articles  n.o.e.  made  up  i?^bolJy  cr 
in  part  from  textile  or  other  pieee-goodp,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

89.  Apparel  made  by  British  or  foreign  tailors  ;  dresa,  mantle,  or  jacket  makerp, 

io  the  order  of  rcaidents  in  the  colony,  and  intended  for  the  individual 
use  of  such  residents,  whether  imported  by  the  residenta  themselves  or 
through  an  importing  firm,  40  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

90.  Blankets,  20  per  cent,  ad  valoiem, 

91.  CoUare  and  cufip,  of  paper  or  other  materia),  25  per  cent,  ad  valonm* 

92.  Cotton  counterpanes,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

93.  Cotton  ptece-goodp,  to  include  turkey  twill  a,  dreaa  prints  (hard>aptin  and 
plain^ woven),  where  the  invoice  value  does  not  exceed  4d,  the  yard ;  ard 
cotton  piece  goods  n.o.e.,  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Cotton   piece-goods— namely,  tapestry;  cretcnnea;  chintz  art   ctdpe,   and 

aergea  ;  velvetcenp,  velvet?,  and  pluahes,  all  kinda  ;  dama&ka  ;  mcquette; 

sateens;  linenettes;  crepona;  crimps  ;  zephyrs  ;  ginghams;  turkey  twills; 

prints;  printed  cottons;    piques;    voatinga;   quiltingp,    and   marcetla^; 

mnalina  of  all  kinds ;  nets ;  window-neta  ;  hotlandit,  curtains,  and  blinds  ; 

diapers;  ticks,  including  coloured  Belgian  ;  towellings;  laceSi  20  per  cent. 

ad  valorem. 
^.  Drapery  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valonm. 
06.  Feathers,  ornamental  (including  oairicb),  and  artificial  flowers,  25  per  cent. 

ad  valoreift. 
yi.  Forfar,  dowlas,  emd  flax  sheeting,  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valortm* 
'^.  Furs^  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 

99.  Haberdashery  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valofem. 

lOO.  Hait    of    all    kinds,   including   straw  hats,   also    caps,   25  per    cent,   ad 

wdortm. 
lOL  Hosiery  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 
102.  Lace,  and  lacea,  n.o.e.,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
108.  Hillinery  of  all  kinds,  including  trimmed  hata,  caps,  and  bonnets,  25  per 

cent,  ad  valorem. 

104.  Ribbons  and  crape,  all  kinds,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 

105.  Bugs,  woollen,  cotton,  opossum,  or  other,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
1C6.  Shawls,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

107*  Silks,  satins,  velvets,  plushes,  n.o.e.,  composed  of  dik  mixed  with  any  other 

goaterial,  in  the  piecp,  25  per  cent,  ad  valofevi, 
lOS.  Textile  piece-goods  other  than  cotton  or  silk,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem* 

100.  l7cDbrella»,  parasols,  and  sunBhadei^,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorevt. 
no.  ITame  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Class  VII. — Leatheb  and  Makufactures  of  Leather. 

111.  Boots,  fboes,  and  slippers,  n.o.e.;  goloshes,  ologs,  pattens,  vampe»  uppers, 
and  laces,  22}  per  cent,  ctd  valorem,* 

lis.  Btel-plates,  and  toe  stiffeners  and  plates,  22}  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

U8.  Leather- 
Leather  belting,  and  belt-leather,  harness,  bridle,  legging,  bag,  kip  (other 

than  East  India),  Id.  the  lb. 
Buff  and  split,  including  aatln  bidet  and  tweeds,  3d.  the  lb. 


^^^B  NBW    SSEALAKD    OFFICIAL    TICAR-BOOH.  ^H 

^  CordovaQ,  levanted  l^atber,  roans,  sheepskiiiii,  morocco  n.o.c,  basils,  W. 

K  the  lb. 

V  Sole  lealber,  2d,  ibe  lb. 

H  East  India  kip,  Persians,  iambekins  a&d  goatskins  (dressed  other  than 

^V  moroooo),  kangaroo  and  wallabi  skins  (dressed),  tan  and  coloured  caif, 

2d.  the  lb. 
Leather  n.o.e.,  Id.  the  lb. 

114.  Leather  board  or  compo,  4d.  the  lb.  ^_ 

115.  Leather  b\g8  and  leather  cloth  bags,  n.o.e.  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem,  ^M 

116.  Leather,  chamoiB,  20  per  cent,  ad  valoiem.  ^| 
117«  Leather  oat  into  sbapeer  22^  per  cent,  ad  valjrem.                                       ^H 

118.  Leather  ]cggiDg«i,  22 j  per  cent,  ad  vahrevt,  ^| 

119.  Leather  luanafactureB  n.o.e.,  *20  per  cent  ad  valofetn 

120.  Portmanteaux;  trunks;  travelling  b^gs  and  brief  bag:^  of  leather  or  leather- 

cloth,   10 in.  in  length   and  upwards,  and  carpet-bagfl,  25  per  ot^nt.  nd 
valorem. 

121.  Siiddlery  and  hameas ;  whips  and  whip-thongs,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Class  VIII. — Furniture  and  Household  Fubnishino. 

122*  Baaket  and  wicker  ware  n.o.e.,  not  being  furniture,  20  percent,  ad  valorem** 
123.  Carpetfi,  and  druggets;    tl  lorcloth  :    mats,  and   matting,  20  p?r  cent,  ad 

vaior&tn. 
121,  Deakp,  20  per  codI.  ad  valorem. 

135.  Furniture  and  cabinetware,  n.o.e.,  and  other  than  iron,  25  per  cent,  ad 

valoi-em* 

136.  Furniture,  knife,  and  ptate  powder  and  polish,  20  p?r  cant,  ad  valorem. 
127    Mantel  pieces,  other  than  »tone,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

128.  Upholstery  n.o.e.,  25  per  cent,  ad  valtaem, 

Clahs  IX. — CHL*»fA,  Glass,  and  Earthen  Goods. 

129.  Bricks,  known  as  Hrebrioks,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

130.  Ohina,  poroelain,  and  partanware,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem.* 
13 L  Drainage  pipes  and  tiles,  20  per  cent,  ad  valyrem, 
132,  Earthen  flooring  and  garden -tjks,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
183  Eartlienware,  stoneware,  and  brown wtire,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem^* 

134.  Filters,  20  per  cent,  ad  valoj'evt. 

135.  Fireclay,  ground,  and  ftroolay  goods,  20  per  cent,  ad  valarevi, 

136.  Glass,  crown,  sheet,  and  common  window,  29.  the  100  superficial  feet.* 

137.  Glassware ;  also  plate  glass,  and  glass  poiii^hed,  coloured,  and  other  kiods, 

n.o.e.  ;  globes  and  chimneys  for  lamps,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem,* 

138.  Lamps,  lanterns,  and  lampwick,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem.' 

139.  Plate-glass,  beTellad  or  silvired  ;  mirrors  and  looking  glasses,  framed  or  tin 

framed,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Class  X. — Fakcv  Goods,  Musical  Inbtrumentb,  etc. 

140.  Artificial  flies,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

141  Oards,  playing,  6i.  per  paok. 

142  Clocks,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem* 
14S  Dressing- cases,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem 
144  Fancy  goods,  and  toys,  20  per  cant,  ad  valorem.* 

145.  Fishing  tackle,  mcluding  artificially  baited  hooki  other  than  flies,  20  per 

per  cent,  ad  valorem, 

146.  Jewellery ;  plate,  gold  or  Hilverf  :  greenstone,  cut  or  polished,  20  per  o«Dt* 

ad  valorem. 

•  Such  as  iH  of  foreign  prodtice  or  tui*nofiicture,  «tihject  to  pvpforiMitlttl  duty  (see  p,  lU) 
i  Plate,  sold  or  aUver,  if  of  foreign  jirodnce  or  manufacture,  subject  to  preferential 
doly(Bdep.  111). 


■  THK    CUSTOM  !i   TAHIFF.  99 

^^^^BBpui  la  Ili6  pi«c«  lor  piofcure  frftm6§,  ooniic€s»  or  oeiJiogp,  15  p«c  oe&t* 

U8.  MuAicid  iDsirumeou  of  all  kinds  n.o.e,,  20  per  ceiit»  a<i  valorem,* 

14^.  Oil,  perfamed,  'X)  per  ceDi.  ad  vaioi4tn, 

150.  Fapier-iD«43b6  ware*  ^  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

151,  Perfumery  c.o.e.i  25  per  eeni.  o^^  ra^or^m. 

153*  Perfumed  spiriu  &nd  Cologne-wA&er,  ^I  lOd,  tbe  liquid  galloo. 
153*  Photographic  goods  u.o.e.f  20  per  ceus.  ad  valorem, 

154.  Pictures,  painticgB,  drawings,  eogra?ing8|  and  photographB,  framed  or  un> 
framed;   picture  or  photograph   frames  aud    mounts,  20  per  cent,  ad 

Fli.iedw&re,  20  per  cent,  ad  Doloreni.t 

BteiUM,  statue t tee,  caits^  and  bronset,  20  per  cent,  ad  vaUyrnm. 
157.  Tobacco  pipes  and  caseSf  cigar  aod  cigarette  holders  and  oasen,  cigarel  ta 

papers  and  oasea,  35  per  cent,  ad  vahrem. 
l^-    "  preparations  n*o.e,,  25  per  cent*  ad  valortm, 

V'  *,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 

li> '.    Y^  Aijkiiig' Sticks,  20  per  cent,  mi  valorem. 

Cuiss  XI. — Paper  Manufactures  and  Stationeky. 

Calendars  and  show-cards,  all  kinds,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 

Caxdboard  boxes  complete,  or  cardboard  cut  and  shaped  for  boxes  (inoluding 
match-boxes),  '25  per  cent,  ad  valcMrem. 

Direotcriee  ef  New  Zealand,  or  of  any  part  thereof;  also  covers  for  direc- 
tories, 25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

HandbiJls,  programmes  and  ciioulars,  playbills  and  printed  posters,  20  per 
cent,  ati  valorem. 

Ink,  frnting,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
'*'''■    Paper  bags,  coarse  (including  sugarbagp),  7s.  6d.  (he  owt. 

:  aper  bsgs  n.o.e.,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorevt. 

I'uperhangings,  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem. \ 
it/i.  Paper,  wrapping— tiz.,  blue  candle,  glazed  cap,  gUzed  casings,  tmall  band, 

lumber  hand,  and  tissue,  5s.  the  cwt  t 
no.  Paper,  wrapping,  other  kinds,  including  brown,  cartridge,  and  sugar  papers^ 
5t.  the  owt.t 

171.  Printed   matter   relating  to  patent  or  prcprietaty  medicines;  trade  cata- 

toguffl,  price-list«,  and  fashion-plates  of  the  goods  of  firms  or  persons  in 
the  colony,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 

172.  Stationery  and  writing  paper  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 

ltd.  Stationery,  manufactnrea— viz.,  account- books;  manuscript  books;  bill- 
bead,  invoice,  and  statement  forms;  printed  or  ruled  paper;  counter- 
bcoks;  cheque  and  draft  forms;  tags;  labels;  blotting  pads ;  sketoh- 
bocks.  book  covers;  copyirg  letter- books ;  manifold  writers;  albums 
(other  iban  for  photographs);  diaries;  birth  day -books ;  plain  or  (aint- 
iined  ruled  books  ;  printed  window- tickets  ;  (rinied,  lithographed,  or  em- 
bomd  ataiioneiy;  and  Christmas,  New  Year,  birthday,  and  Easter  cards 
and  bcoklets,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 

171.  Stereotypes  and  matrices,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

CLASfi  XIL^Manufactureb  of  Metal. 
175.  Bicyclot,  trioycieii,  and  the  like  vehicks;  also  finished  or  partly  finished  or 

machined  parts  of  same,  n.o.e.,  including  wcldless  steel  tubing  cut  to 

short  lengths,  20  per  oent.  ad  valorem,] 
\l*j.  Boilers,  land  and  marine,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

I'T    Brass  cocks,  valvf s,  unions,  lubricators,  and  whistles,  20 per  oeol. ad i*alorem* 
i7H    Brass  manufactures  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 
in.  Oftrtriagei  (shot),  10  io  24  bore,  la.  6d.  the  100. 


•  |*t»ii(iM.  If  of  rorofgn  mannfat^ttire.  ar*?  Mul>ifet  to  preferential  duty  (see  p.  Ill) 

lttu«li  mm  iBOl  forv^u  prodtieti^  or  iiiMaufacture,  sabject  to  prelerentul  duiy  (see  p.  lltip 


390j6g 


i 


100 


NKW    SBALAND    OmCUL    TBAK-BOOS. 


180. 
181. 
182, 
183. 
184. 
185. 
1S6. 
187. 

IBS. 

189. 
190. 
191. 

192 

193. 
191. 

195 

196. 
197. 
198. 

199. 

aoo. 

201. 


9ia. 


S23. 


Cartridge  cases,  9d.  the  100. 

CartridgeB  ti.o.e..  20  per  cent,  ad  valortm, 

Casir  registering  maohiiiea,  10  per  cent,  ad  vahr^m. 

CofHa-f  urnitura,  20  per  oent.  aa  valorem. 

CompoBHion  piping,  Sa.  Gd.  the  cwi. 

Copper  mariufaoturea  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Oopytng  prosseB,  1^  per  cbdI.  ad  valoretn, 

Crab-wiuobes,   crattes  n.o.e.,  capstans,   and  wiodlasaeB,   20  per  oent.  ad 

valorem, 
Outlery,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem* 
Firearm <(,  all  kinda,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem.* 
Galvanised  iron  manufactures  n.o.e.,  25  per  cent.  a<2  valorem, 
Qasometers,  and  otber  apparatus  for  producmg  g^s ;  also  gas-meters,  10  per 

cent,  ad  valorem. 
Gaspipes,  iron,  5  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Hardware,  ironmongery,  and  holloware,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem.' 
Iron  bridges,  and  iron    material   n.o.e.   for   tbe  coastruction   of   bridges, 

wbarves,  jetties,  or  patent  sUpa,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Iron  columna  for  builaings,  and  otber  structural  ironwork,  20  per  cent*  ai 

valorem  • 
Iron  doors  for  safes  and  Vftults,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Iron  galviknised  corrugated  sheets,  screws,  and  nalli,  2it.  per  owt. 
Iron  galvanised  tiles,  ridging,  guttering^  and  spouting,  20  per  cent*  td 

valor  ein. 
Iron  gates  and  gate-posts,  staples,  standards,  straining  posts  and  apparatus, 

20  per  cent,  ad  valorem* 
Iron  nails,  23,  per  cwt.* 
Iron  pipes,  and  fittings  for  same,   inoluding  main-cocks,  5  per  cent*  ad 

valorem.* 
Iron,  plain  galvanised  sheet  and^hoap,  la.  Gd.  the  cwL 
Iron  tanks,  exceeding  200  gallons  an  i  not  exceeding  400  gallons,  10s.  eaob. 
Iron  tanks  of  and  under  200  gallons.  53.  each. 
Iron  work  emd  wire  work,  20  per  cent,  aii  valoretn. 
Japanned  and  lacquered  metal  ware,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Lawn-mowers,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Lead,  in  abcets.  Is.  6d.  tbe  cwt. 
Lead  piping,  38.  6d.  the  owt. 
Machinery  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent.oii  valorem* 
Machinerj,  electric^  and  appliances,  10  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Machinery    for    flour-mills,    woollen  mills,   paper-mills,    rope   and    twine 

making,   dredging,  saw-milling,  plaiing,  oil  refining,  boring;  and   also 

machinery  for  refrigerating   or  preserving   meat,  leather-splitting   ma- 

ohinee  and  band-knives  for  same,  5  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Manufacturer,  n.o.e.,  of  metal,  or  of  metal  in  combination  with  any  othat 

materia],  20  per  oent.  ad  valorem. 
Nails  n.o.e.,  da.  tbe  ewt. 

Printing  machines  and  presses,  5  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Pumps   and  other  apparatus   lor  raising   water  n.o.e*,   20  per   cent,   ad 

valorem* 
Railway  and  trainway  plant  and  materials  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Sad-irons,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Shot,  10a.  the  cwt. 
Soda-water  machines;  also,  maohines  for  aerating  liquids,  5  per  oent.  ad 

valoi'em. 
Steam-engines  and  parts  of  fiteam- engines  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Steam-engines,  and  parts  thereof,  including  the  boiler  or  boilers  therefor, 

imported  sp^oiallj  for  mining  or  gold-saving  purposes  and  processes,  or  for 

dairying  ptirpoaes,  5  per  cent,  ai  valorem. 
Tinwar<5,  and  timmitbs*  f  iirniture  n.o.e..  23  per  oBn'.  a  i  vtlorem 


i 


*Suith  Msis  oftoceiga  produf^e  or  mban raetare,  vubjeoc  toprefereutl«l  diityCwe  p.  lU)* 


THE  CUSTOMS  TARIFF.  101 

324.  Wa*«r«rork8  pipes,  iron,  5  per  oent.  (id  valorem. 

2ij  Weighbridges  and  weighing-machines,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

226.  Wire  mattresses  and  webbing,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

2*27.  Zinc  tiles,  ridging,  guttering,  piping,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

228.  Zinc  manufactures  n.o.e.,  25  per  oent.  ak  valorem. 

CliASB    XIII. — TiMBBR,    AND   ARTICLES   MADE    FROM    TiMBER. 

229.  Bellows,  other  than  forge,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

230.  Blocks,  wooden  tackle,  20  per  oent.  ad  valorem. 

231.  Buckets  and  tubs,  of  wood,  20  percent,  ai  valorem. 

232.  Carriages,  carts,  drays,  wagjns,  and  parambula^iors,  and   wheels  for  the 

same,  20  per  oent.  ad  valorem.  * 
2:33.  Carriage  shafts,  spokes,  and  felloes,  dressed ;  bent  carriaga  timber  n.o.e., 

20  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 
2M.  Djors,  glazed  with  ornamental  glass,  48.  each. 
23-i.  Doors,  plain,  2d.  each. 

236.  Sashes,  glazed  with  ornamental  glass,  49.  the  pair. 

237.  Sashes,  plain,  2^.  the  pair. 
23d.  Timber,  palings,  2d.  the  100. 
2^39.  Timber,  posts,  8 1.  the  100. 
240.  Timber,  rails,  4^.  the  100. 

211.  Timber,  sawn,  dressed,  4$.  the  100ft  superficial. 
242.  Timber,  sawn,  rough,  2ii.  the  100  ft.  superficial. 
343.  Timber,  shingles  and  laths,  2s.  the  1,000. 

244.  Woodenware  and  turnery  n.o.e,  and  veneers,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Class  XIV. — Oils,  Paints,  etc. 

245.  Axle-grease,  and  other  solid  lubricants,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 

146.  Samess  oil  and  composition,  and  leather  dressiag,  20  par  cent,  ad  valorem, 

247.  Naphtha,  6i.  the  gallon. 

24S.  Oil,  linseed,  61.  the  gallon. 

249.  Oil,  mineral,  including  shale* waste  or  unrefined  mineral-oil  n.o.e.,  6d.  the 

gallon. 

250.  Oil  n.o.e.,  63.  the  gallon. 

251.  Oil  olive,  in  bulk,  6d.  the  gallon. 

252.  Oil  vegetable,  in  bulk,  n.o.e.,  6d.  the  gallon. 

253.  Oil  vegetable  or  other,  in  bottle,  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

•I'A  Pdkmts  and  colours  ground  in  oil  or  turpentine,  2-i.  6d.  the  cwt. 

255.  Paints  and  colours  mixed  ready  for  use,  5s.  the  owt. 

2.76.  Patty,  28.  the  cwt. 

2.57.  Stearine,  l^d.  the  lb. 

258.  Stearin)  for  match-making,  f  d.  the  lb. 

-259.  Varnish  ;  enamel  paints  ;  gold  size,  28.  the  gallon. 

-260.  Whiting  and  chalk.  Is.  the  cwt. 

Class  XV. — Agricultural  and  Farm  Products,  etc. 

201.   Animals,  food  for,  of  all  kin5s,  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

262.  Cattle  (homed),  lOs.  each. 

263.  Chaff,  £1  the  ton. 

264.  Grain— namely,  barley,  2s.  the  100  lb. 

2r*5.  Grain  and  pulse  of  every  kind  n.o.e.,  9d.  the  100  lb. 

266.  Grain  and  pulse  of  every  kind,  when  ground  or  in  any  way  manufactured, 

D.o.e.,  Is.  the  100  lb. 
'267.  Horses,  £1  each. 

268.  Linseed,  £1  the  ton. 

269.  Maise,9d.  the  1001b. 


*  Socb  as  Is  of  tofign  prodace  ormtaafActare,  subject  to  preferential  duly  i^s^e  vAV\^. 


MBW  ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    YEAR-BOOK. 


270.  Ooione.  £1  the  toD. 

271.  Prepared  otkUmetkl,  £1  5s.  the  ton. 


279, 
273. 
274. 
276. 
276. 
277. 
278. 
279. 

280. 

281, 
282. 
28.3, 
284. 
285. 
380. 
287. 

288. 

289. 


I 


300. 
801. 
d02. 
803. 
304. 


Class  XVI. — Miscbllai^eocs. 
Bags,  floyr,  20  per  oent.  ad  valorem, 

Bftgs,  calico^  (orfor,  hessian,  And  linen »  20  p«r  oent  ad  valorem. 
Bagging  and  bags  n.o.e.,  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Blacking  and  boot-glossi  20  per  oeoi.  ad  valorem, 
Blacklead,  20  per  cent*  ad  valorem. 
Blue,  2d.  Ibe  lb 

Brooms,  brusbee,  and  broBhware.  n.o.e.,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 
BruabeSf  bair,  and  oombs;  toil«t,  oloibes,  and  bat  bruebGB,  20  per  cent,  ad 

valorem, 
GandJefl,  Id.  ibe  lb.  or  package  of  tbat  repuUd  weight,  and  so  in  proportioo 

lor  packages  of  greater  or  less  reputed  weigbt* 
Cement,  2s.  tb©  barrel,* 

Cordage  and  rope,  n.o.e.,  20  per  oent.  ad  valorem,* 
Cork*  cut,  includttig  butige,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Fireworks  n.o.e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorttn. 
Flock,  10  per  cent,  ad  valorein. 
Glue  and  size,  Ijd.  the  lb. 
Granite,  aawn  on  not  more  than  two  aides,  and  not  dressed  or  poliabed, 

5  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Marble,  granite,  and  other  stone,  drensed  or  polished,  and  articles  made 

therefrom,  including  mantelpieocs,  25  per  oent.  ad  valorem. 
Matches — 

Wooden,  in  boxf  b  containing  not  more  than  GO  matches,  la.  the  gross  of 
boxes. 

In  boxes  containing  over  GO  and  not  more  than  100  matches,  2s^  Ibe 

gross  of  boxes. 
Id  boxes  ooDtaining  more  than  100  matobes,  for  every  100  matches 
or  fraction  thereof  contained  in  one  box,  2^,  the  gross  of  boxes. 
Wax^  *'  plaid  vestas  "  in  cardboard  boxes  containing  under  100  matches^ 
Is,  the  gross  of  boxes. 
*''  Pocket  vestas  *'  in  tin  or  other  boxes  contatQing  under  100  matohfls, 

Is.  4d.  the  gross  of  bc»xeE. 
**  Sportsman's,"  *'  Ovale,"  and  **No.  4  tin  vestas,*'  in  boxes  contain- 
ing not  more  than  20O  matches,  4a.  6d,  the  gross  of  boxes. 
Wax,  other  kinds,  for  every  100  matches  or  fraction  thereof  contained 
in  one  box,  2s.  3d.  the  gross  of  boxes. 
Nets  and  netting,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem, 
ParafiB^n  wax,  |d.  the  lb. 
Powder,  sporting,  6d.  the  lb. 

Sacks,  other  than  oornsaoks  and  jute  sacks,  15  per  oent.  ad  valorem. 
Sausage  ekine  and  casings  (including  brine  or  salt),  3d.  the  lb* 
Soap,  common  yellow,  and  blue  mottled,  5s.  the  owt. 
Soap,  n.o.e.,  25  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Soap- powder,  extract  of  soap,  dry  soap,  and  soft-soap,  20  per  oent.  ad  poktntm* 
Spirits,  methylated,  Is,  the  liquid  g&Uon, 
Spirits,  eleared  from  warehouse,  methylated,  under  prescribed  oonditioDi, 

6d*  the  liquid  gallon. 
Starob,  2d.  the  lb. 

Tarpaulins,  tents,  rick  and  wagon  covers,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Twine  n.o,e.,  20  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Washing- powder,  20  per  cent,  ctd  valorem. 
Wax,  mineral,  vegetable,  and  Japanese,  l^d.  the  lb. 

In  addition  to  any  duty  chargeable  by  law  on  any  goods  imported  into  . 

colony,  a  further  duty  of  20  per  cent,   ad  valorem  ahaU  be  charged 
when  the  goods  are  prison-made. 


*  Suoli  as  is  of  loreigQ  pruduti«  or  laaaaf&ctof  e,  subjeot  lo  prslersoUal  duty  (see  p,  lilU 


THE  CUBTOM6   TAHIFF, 


108 


TABLE  OF  EXEMPTIONS  FROM  DUTIES  OF  CUSTOMS. 

Ci*Ass  I. — Foods,  etc* 

Names  of  Arti£U$, 

KB.  Almonds,  Burbary,  BSoiJy,  and  French,  used  in  ooafeoUoDers'  manufacinr^i. 

tOL  Aoohoviefl,  salted,  in  oaaks. 

SOT.  Arrowroot.  tagOf  Upioca,  macaroni,  vermiceHi,  and  prepared  groau, 

306.  Salt. 

300.  Rtce.  dressed  or  undressed. 

310.  Rioe  muiafacfeared  into  starch  in  bond. 


I 


Class  IV, — Non-alcohouc  Bkvebaoeb,  etc. 


Cocoa-beann, 
CofiEee,  raw. 


Ci«ass  V. — Drugs,  etc. 


818* 


315. 
316. 


3IT. 
318. 

319. 


324. 


Aeldfi — Tis, :  boraoic;  Garbolio»  in  bulk ;  6aorio;  mariatic  ;  nitrio;  oxalic; 
oleic;  picrio  ;  pyrogallio;  salioylto  ;  sulphuric. 

Concentrated  extracts  or  esseocea  in  liquid  form  or  preserved  in  fat  for  per- 
fume-man ufaoturio  g  pur  poses  in  manufacturing  warehouses,  in  bottles  of 
not  less  than  1  lb.  id  weight. 

Disinfectants, 

Drugs  and  chemicals— viz  :  alum  ;  sulphate  of  alamiaium  ;  sulphate  of 
ammonia;  anbydrou^t  ammonia;  aniliQe  dyes;  ar.-tenic ;  bluestone,  or 
sulphate  of  copper;  borax;  catechu;  chloride  of  calcium;  nitrate  of 
silTer ;  cochineal;  creosote,  crude  or  commercial;  glycerine,  crude; 
gum,  arabio  aad  tragaoanth ;  gum  benzoin  ;  artificial  gum  arabic ;  gum 
damar;  phosphorus;  potash,  caustio  potash,  and  chlorate  of  potash; 
pearlash;  prussiateof  potash  ;  cyanide  of  potassium  ;  cy&ntde  of  sodium  ; 
liquid  chlorine ;  sal-ammoniac  ;  saltpetre;  acetate  of  soda,  crude  ;  soda- 
aah:  oaustie  ioda;  nitrate  of  soda;  silicate  of  soda;  sulphate  of  soda; 
sulphide  of  sodium;  hyposulphite  of  soiium ;  strychnine;  sulphur; 
chloride  of  zinc ;  iron  sulphates  ;  gall-nuts;  turmeric;  s^dron  ;  nitrous- 
oxide  gas  ;  tree-washes  ;  insecticides  ;  maUtne  ;  chlorodyne,     ^ 

BvseotiaT oiU,  except  eucalyptus  ;  ood-liver  oil ;  oil  of  rhodium. 

Horse  drenches. 

Medicinal  barki,  leaves,  berbs,  flowerif  roots  and  gums. 

Scfub-exterminafeor. 

^heep'dip;  sheep-drenohea ;  sheep  licks. 

-argical  and  dental  instruments  and  appliances.* 

Scientific  and  assay  balances,  retorts,  flasks,  and  othet  appliances  for 
chemical  analysis  and  asgay  work. 

Water- hardening  chemicals  for  brewers'  use. 


Class  VL — Clothing  and  Textiles, 

dS$.  Aoeoutrements  for  military  purposes,  excepting  uniform  olothiug^f 

8^.  Brace^elastic  and  brace-mountings. 

88T.  Bunting,  in  the  piece. 

SiS.  Batter-  and  cheese  cloth. 

339.  Buttons,  Upefl,  wadding,  pins*  needles. 

330.  O^iico,  white  and  grey,  also  cotton  sheetings,  in  the  piece. 


*  If  of  fofTfign  manuUeture,  subject  to  dutr  (see  p.  119). 

t  BBbJeoc  to  Ihe  provt-^ionfl  of  eeetlon  28  of  ^'  The  Defc>nce  Act.  1900,"  as  follows  :— 

Equipifneiit*  to  be  admit ttnl  fres  of  Cu»tom»  Duty, 
*fiL  All  lUiUtary  clothing,  saddlerx,  and  eciujpmoati}  imported  inio  the  oolony  for  the 
teft4/bltf  use  nf  n  Volunreer  corps  aball,  on  the  certificAte  iu  writing  of  the  liiluVK^eT  ol 
Oifeoee  Ouit  the  tamo  u-e  or  hmre  ^eeo  tea  ported  tot  ecioh  purpose,  bfs  a^m^Ued  \u%o  t>\i« 
•otosf  fnpe  of  Ca0»om0  datr- " 


iiittl. 


104 


NBW    ZEALAND    OPPICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 


331. 
332. 
333. 


33i. 
335. 
336, 


337, 
338. 
339. 


340. 
341 

342. 
343. 
344. 

345. 


846. 


347, 
348. 


Gordisroy,  molec'kin,  and  plain  beaver  ekin,  of  cottoD,  in  ibd  piece. 

Coloured  cotton  shirtings;  HaDnelette  shirtingo.* 

Forfar,  dowla')>  and  3aic  BfaeettDg,  when  cut  up  under  svipervision  in  sizes 
not  exceiding  47 in.  x  36 in.  (or  makisg  fionrbag^,  and  not  exoeedii>g 
54  in.  for  linirg  wool  mats. 

Fur-sklna,  green  or  sun  dj-ied. 

Gold  or  silver  laoe  or  braid  for  military  olotbing. 

Hatmakers'  materials— viz. :  (tilk  pJu»b  ;  felt  hoods;  sbellao;  gaUoona; 
oalicoee;  s pale  hoards  for  hat-boxes;  leathers  and  linings;  blocks; 
moulds;  frames;  ventilators;  and  tassels. 

Hessians,  plain  or  striped,  and  scrini, 

Leather-oloth. 

Minor  article!)  (required  in  the  making  up  of  apparel ^  hoots,  staoeB,  hat^, 
caps,  saddlerj,  umbrellas,  parasob,  and  sunshades),  enumerated  in  any 
order  of  the  Commissioner,  and  published  in  the  QatetU. 

Sailcloth »  canvas,  and  unbleached  double- warped  duck,  in  the  piece. f 

Sewing  cottons,  silks,  and  threads;  crochet,  darning,  and  knittiog  oottose; 
angola  mendings  not  exceeding  45  yards,  on  cards. 

Silk  for  Hour- dressing. 

Silk  twist  (shoemakers*  and  saddlers^). 

Staymakers*  bindings  eyt ]etf«,  corset-fasteners,  jean,  ticks,  lasting,  sateeii, 
and  CO  tell. 

Tailors^  trimmings— viz. :  plain-ODloured  imitation  hair-clolh  ;  cacyas ; 
plain  Vtrona  and  plain  diai;onal,  and  such  patterns  of  checked  ItaHan 
cloth  aa  may  be  approved  of  by  the  Commissioner  of  Customs ;  Italian 
cloth  of  cotton  or  wool;  buckram  ;  Wftdding  and  padding;  silk,  worsted, 
and  cotton  bindings  and  braids;  staybindings;  Russia  braids  ;  shoulder- 
pads;  buckles;  silesias;  drab,  slate,  and  brown  jeans;  pocketiDga; 
slate,  black,  and  brown  dyed  unions  and  linens. 

Umbielta  makers' matGrials-- viz.:  teverEibie  and  levauiine  silk  mixtUKB, 
gloria,  and  sa.tin  de  cfa^ne  cf  not  less  than  44  in.  in  width  ;  alpaca  cloth, 
with  border;  zanella  cloth,  with  border;  also  other  piece  goods  on  such 
conditions  as  the  Commissioner  may  approve ;  sticks,  runners,  notches, 
oapp,  ferrules,  cups,  riba,  stretchers,  tips,  and  rings. 

Union  shirtings  the  invoice  value  of  which  does  not  exceed  6d.  the  yard.* 

Waterproof  material  in  the  piece. 


349. 
350. 


351. 
352. 
353. 
354. 
355. 
356. 
357. 
356. 

359. 


Class  VII. — Leather,  and  Articles  used  in  Leatbsb 

Manufactures. 
Boot  elastic. 
Bootmakers'  linings,  canvass,    plain    or    coloured,    bag   and    porimante 

linings,  of  such  materials,  qualities,  and  patterns  as  may  be  approved 

the  Commissioner. 
Boots,  shoes,  and  slippers— viz.,  children's,  No.  0  to  3. 
Cork  soles,  and  sock  soke. 

East  India  kip,  crust  or  rough-tanned,  but  undressed. 
Goatiikins,  crust  or  rough- tanned,  but  undressed. 
Grindery,  except  heeU  and  toe  plates. 
Hogskins. 

Kangaroo-,  wallabi-skins,  undressed. 
Leather,  japanned  or  enamelled  ;  goatskins,  dressed  as  moroooo,  eoloured 

(ether  than  black). 
Saddle-trees. 


*  l^henever  any  dFipute  luriset  &■»  to  the  applic&tion  of  the  exemption  In  favoor  of 
coloured  eottoa.  flRDDelette,  or  ncion  £birtin^i>,  m  the  e&se  or  fabiicK  alleged  to  be  tueh 
shixtingfl,  the  Commiisfilaner  lias  |»ower  to  decide  such  diepute:  and  m  caie  of  doubt  oq 
his  part,  be  may  require  itae  fftbriG  in  diripute"  to  bo  cut  up  for  fthirt-tnaking,  under  stich 
oooditioni  oe  he  prescribee.    iSee  iectiouO  of  "  Tbe  Customs  sod  Eicise  Duties  Act.  lf)0,S."k 

f  If  of  foreign  mannfacture.  subject  to  duty  (see  p  lU). 


THE   CUSTOMS   TABIFF. 


100 


10a  SJLdiler*'  ironmongery  (except  bits  uid  stirrup  irons),  hames,  and  moanU 
for  harness ;  etcatning,  eurcingle,  brace,  girth,  and  roller  woba ;  ooUar- 
check,  and  (be  same  article  plain,  of  sucb  quality  as  may  be  approved  by 
the  Comoiiasioner ;  legging- buckles. 

861.  Tiffining  materiaU,  crude.  1 

Class  VIII, — Furniture,  btc.  1 

3GS.  Blind  webbing  and  tape. 

3^.  Upholsterers*  webbing,  hair  aeatiag,  imitation  hairseating ;  ourled  baif; 
gtmp  add  cord  of  wool,  cotton,  or  silk  ;  tufta,  and  studs. 

Class  IX.— China,  Glass,  etc. 

3&I.  BoltUs,  empty,  plain  glass,  not  being  cut  or  ground;  also,  jars  up  to  3 in. 
in  diameter  at  the  moutb. 

365,  G\m,§s  platcij  (engraved)  for  photo- lithographic  work, 

366  Jars  or  other  dutiable  vesseU,  containing  free  goods  or  goads  subject  to  a 
Axed  rate  of  duty,  and  being  ordinary  trade  packages  for  the  goods  con- 
tained in  them. 

Class  X. — Fancy  Goods,  etc.  ' 

367.  Aelion  work  and  keys,  in  frames  or  otherwise,  for  manufaoture  of  orga^^j, 

harmoniums,  and  pianos  ;  organ  pipes  and  stop-knobs. 
866.  Artists'  caivas,  coloura,  bruBhes,  and  palette  knives.  . 

869   UagiC'lan&ems,  lenses,  and  slides.  1 

3T0.  Micrcscopas  ajid  astronomical  telescopsH,  and  lenses  for  same. 

871.  Musical  instruments,  specially  imported  for  Volunteer  bands. 

872,  Paintings,   statuary,  and   works  of  art,  preaented  to  or  imported  by  any 

public  institution  or  art  association  registered  as  a  holy  corporate,  for 
display  in  the  buiidingit  of  such  institution  or  association,  and  not  to  be 
•old  or  otherwise  disposed  of. 

87^    Photographic  cameras  and  lenees. 

'V.  ■  k^raphs  of  personal  friends  in  letters  or  packets.  I 

lis  itones,  out  or  uncut  and  unmounted 

i;t.    .^euAiMzed  surfaces  lor  photographic  purposes. 

Class  XL— Papeh,  ktc. 

377.  Bookbiiid«rs'  materials— vis.,  cloth,  leather,  thread,  headbanda   webbing, 

end-papers,  tacketing-gut,  marbling- colours,  marble- paper,  blue  paste  for 
ruling  ink,  staple  preisoa,  wire  staples,  staple-sticks. 

378.  Butter-paper,  known  a<)  parchment  paper  or  waxed  paper. 

879.  Cardooari  and  pasteboard,  of  sizes  not  lesi  than  that  known  as  "  royal." 

830.  Cardbo&rd  boxes,  material  for— viz.,  gold  and  silver  paper,  plain  and  em- 
bossed, gelatine  and  coloured  papers,  known  as  "  box  papers." 

881.  Cartridge-paper  for  drawing -book  6.  { 

683.  Cloth-lined  boards,  not  less  than  **  royal." 

666.  Cloth  lined  papers,  enamelled  paper;  ivorite  and  gelatine  ;  metallic  paper; 
not  lees  than  'Memy." 

864,  Copy>books  and  drawing- books. 

665.  Copying  paper,  medium  and  double  foolscap,  in  origin&l  mill  wrappers  and 
labels, 

686   Hand  made  oheqae-paper«  *| 

687.  Ink,  printing. 

688.  Masticated  para, 

660.  Millboard*  and  bookbinders*  leather-board. 

690.  Paper,  band-made  or  machine-made  book  or  writing,  of  ^intn  not  less  than 

the  size  known  as  *'  demy,"  when  in  original  wrappers. 
691    Fnntingpaper.* 

693.  Printed  books,  papers,  and  music,  n.o.e, 
693.  School  tiatos,  and  edocational  apparatus. 


•  if  of  foreign  jzraoii/a<)£ore,  subjecl  to  duly  ^se^  p.  111% 


106 


NBW    SEAL. AND    OFFICIAL    T^Ali  BOOK. 


Ci*ABS  XII,— Metals. 

394.  All  m&obiuery  for  ftg^ricultural  purpo&eB,  inoludiDg  chiifT  cutters,  corn* 
ortiBherB  ;  Gor&'Shellerfii  Also  articles  used  in  manufivotunttg  the  aame— 
viz.,  ohaf!  >  ouUing  knives,  tilt  -  rakes,  fittinga  for  tbreshing  -  millB. 
forgiDgs  for  plough*". 

305.  AM  agriouUural  impiementfi. 

$96.  All  bolts  vLud  Duts,  bl&Dk  or  screwed  nuts,  black  or  finished  outs, 

397.  Anobors. 

396.  ArtiQcerB*  tools. 

399.  A%G&  and  batohets;  spades^  shovels,  and  brks    pioks  ;  matioein  ;  qu&rti 

and  knapping  hammers  ;  scjthea^  iheep  shears,  reaping-hooks  ;  soldering- 
irons;  paperbangers*  acissors  ;  butchers'  sawa  and  oleavers. 

400.  Axlen,  axle-arms  and  boxes. 

401.  Band-saws  and  folding  saws,  including  frames, 

402.  Bellows- nails. 

403.  Bicycles  and  trioycles,  fittings  for — Tiz.,  rubber  tires,  pneumatic  ttrea,  out- 

side  covers,  and  inner  tubes;  rubber  and  cork  handles,  and  pedal- 
rubbers  ;  also  drop-forglnga  and  stampings,  ball-bearings,  weldlesa  sleel 
tube  in  full  leiigthst  rima,  forks,  and  spokes,  in  the  rough.  * 

401,  Blaoksmitha'  an  vile,  forges,  aad  fans. 

4C.5.  Blowers, 

406.  Brass  and  copper,  in  pigs,  bars,  tubes,  or  sheets. 

407.  Brass  tubing  and  stamped  work,  in  the  cough,  for  gasaliera  and  bracketft. 
406,  Caps,  percussion 

409.  Card' cloth itig  for  woollen-mills. 

410.  Chain  pulleys,  and  chains  for  same. 

411.  Chains,  trace  and  plough  chains;  or  metal  articles  required  to  repaii  or 

complete  riding  or  driving  harness  or  saddlery  to  be  repaired  or  made  io 
the  colony. 

412.  Ghamfetiog.  crozing  and  bowellirg  machine  for  cask-mskiog. 

413.  Copper  and  composition,  rod,  bolts,  sheathing,  and  nails, 

414.  Couch  roll    jackets,   machine- wires,  beater-bars,   and    stralner-platee    for 

paper  mills. 

415.  Cfuciblts. 

416.  Emery-grinding  machines  and  emery-wheels. 

417.  Empty  iron  drums,  not  exceeding  10  gallons  capacity. 

418.  Engineers',  boilermakers',  brass  iinishers',  smiths*,  and  alt  metal-  and  wood- 

workers*^ machine  and  hand  tools, 

419.  Engine  governors. 

420.  Eyelets. 

421.  Fire-engines,  including  Merry  weather's  chemical  fJre-engioea, 

422.  Fish-hooks. 

423.  Galvanising  baths,  welded. 

424.  Gas  eogineg  and  hammers,  and  oiUengines,* 

425.  GlasBmakors'  moulds. 

426.  Hydraulic  cranes, 

427.  Iron^  and  brass- wove  wire  and  wire  gause  ;  also  wire  netting,  _ 
426.  Iron  boiler-plates  and  unfianged  end-plates  tor  boilers;  boiler-tnb«8  not  ei- 

ceeding  6 in,  in  diameter,  and  unflanged ;  Bowling^  expansion  rings; 
furnace- Hues. 

429.  Iron,  plain  black  sheet,  rod,bolt|  bar»  plate/  hoop,  and  pjg.f 

430.  Iron  rolled  girders. 

431.  Iron  plates,  screws,  and  castings  for  ships, 

432.  Iron  wire  n,o.e.,  including  fencing-wire,  plain  and  barbed, 

433.  Ltead,  in  pigs  and  bars. 

434.  L:>com olives. 

435.  Machine  ftaws. 


*  If  of  foreign  mauafntiture,  subject  to  duty  leee  p,  ill)., 
t  Hoop  aad  pig  iron  notoflooted  by  preferential  tariff. 


THE   CUSTOMS   TARIFF.  107 

i36.  Mftchinery  exolosnely  for  tiie  parpose  of  the  m»Dufeu3tare  of  beet-rooi 
■agar. 

437.  Maobinery  for  dairying  purpoaes. 

438.  Machinery  of  every  desoription  for  mining  purposes,  inoluding  machine 

pomps,  bat  not  inolading  machinery  for  dredging. 

439.  Machinery  for  gold-sanng  parposes  and  processes. 

440.  Metal  fittings  for  tranks,  portmanteaux,  travelling-bags,  leggings,  bags,  and 

satchels. 

441.  Metal  sheaves  for  blocks. 

442.  Metallic  capsules. 

443.  Perambulators  and  the  like  vehicles,  fittings  for,  n.o.e. 

444.  Perforated  or  cellular  sheet  zinc  or  iron. 

445.  Portable  engines  on  four  or  any  greater  number  of  wheels,  with  boiler  of 

locomotive  type ;  also  traction-engines. 

446.  Printing  type  and  materials  n.o.e. 

447.  Rails  for  railways  and  tramways.* 

448.  Reapers  and  binders,  and  reaping  and  mowing  machines,  and  extra  parts 

for  same  ;  materials  for  manufacturing  agricultural  machinery,  namely, 
reaper-knife  sections,  fingers,  brass  and  steel  springs,  malleable  castings, 
discs  for  harrows,  mould- boards  and  plough- shares,  mould- board  plates, 
and  steel  share-plates  cut  to  pattern,  skeith-plates  ;  ploughs  and  harrows ; 
combined  threshers. 

449.  Riddles  and  sieves. 
450   Rivets  and  washers. 

451.  Separators  and  coolers  for  dairying  purposes. 

452.  Set-screws,  engineers*  studs,  and  split-pins. 
45.3.  Sewing,  knitting,  and  kilting  machines. 

454.  Spiral  springs  (except  sofa  and  mattress  springs). 

455.  Steam  and  hydraulic  pressure  and  vacuum  gauges. 

456.  Steel  rami,  black  or  finished,  for  hydraulic  cranes  or  jiggers. 

457.  Surveyors'  steel  bands  and  measuring-tapes. 
4&9.  Swords. 

4.0U.  Tacks  of  all  kinds. 

460.  Tea- packing  lead. 

461.  Tin,  in  pigs,  bars,  or  sheets. 

162.  Tinsmiths'  fittings,  including   stamped  or   blocked  tin,  planished  or  un- 

planished. 
i()6.  Tins,  tops  of,  ornamented. 

464.  Welded  and  flanged  boiler-fumaces,  plain  or  corrugated. 
4t>5.  Wire,  of  brass,  copper,  or  lead. 
406.  Zinc,  plain  sheet. 
467.  Zinc  plates  and  copper  plates  for  photolithographic  work. 

Glass  XIII. — Timbek,  etc. 

168.  Ash,  hickory,  and  lancewood  timber,  un wrought. 

469.  Blacksmiths'  bellows. 

470.  Brush  woodware. 

471.  Carriage  and  cart  shafts,  spokes  and  felloes  in  the  rough ;  hubs,  all  kinds; 

poles  if  unbent  and  unplaned,  all  kinds ;  bent  wheelrims. 

472.  Carriage  and  cart  makers'  materials— viz. :  springs,  mountings,  trimmings, 

brass   hinges,  tire-bolts,  shackle-holders,    step    treads,  and    other    iron 
fittings  (except  steps,  lamp-irons,  dash- irons,  seat  rails,  and  fifth  wheels), 
rubber-cloth. 
47.3.  Chums. 

474.  Lignum-vitse. 

475.  Sieves,  hair. 

(T'*^   Wooden  handles  for  tools. 

*Se6  preferential  tariff,  p.  111. 


108 


2ffBW    S£ALAN£>   OFFICIAL    flAB-fiOOE. 


Cla&s  XIV, — Oils,  etc. 

477.  Beosine  in  bulk. 

478.  Oils— viz. :  caDdlenut,  fish,  kerosftue^  penguin »  palm,  se&l,  wh&le. 

479.  PiitDtii  i^nd  oolours  n.o.e. 

480<  Sh&le  oil,  once  run.  suitable  for  gMm&king. 
48  L  Spttitsof  int. 

482.  TarfreDtiQe,  drierSf  and  terebene. 

Class  XV. — Miscellaneous. 

483.  Apparalus  and  appll&noes  solely  tut  teaching  purposes,  as  may  be  approved 

by  the  ComtniBsioner. 

484.  Bags  made  of  New  Zealand  tow  oi  ^ax, 
465.  Belting  for  maobincry,  other  than  leather. 

486.  Binder  twine. 

487.  Bricks,  other  than  fire-bricks, 

488.  Building  maierials  n.o.e. 

489.  Brushes  for  oream-fioparatocs  and  combined  screens. 
4D0.  Cat dit- nuts  and  candlenut  keruels. 

491.  Candle  wick. 

492.  Canvas  aprons  and  elevators  for  reapers  aod  biuders. 
493*  Carpenters'  bai^kttii. 

494.  Charts  and  maps, 

495.  Gonfeciioncra'  moulding  starch. 
49C.  CottoD  waeLe, 

497.  Dye  siuf!s  and  dyeing  materials,  crude. 

498.  Felt  sheath  ng. 

499.  Food  preservAtive  n.o.e. 
aoo.  Gam  boots.* 

501.  Hawsers  of  liin.  aod  over. 

502.  Honey  and  brown  Windsor  soap  oompositjon. 

503.  Iron  and  steel  cordage/ 

504.  Jute  bnggiiJg,  bags,  and  sacks, 

505.  Manures. 

506.  Marble,  and  other  stone,  hewn  or  rough  sawn,  not  dressed  or  polished. 

507.  Keimakers'  cotton  twine. 

50d>  Official  supplies  for  consular  oflicers  of  countries  where  a  eimilar  ezemptioo 
exlbts  m  fervour  of  British  Consuls, 

509.  Papermakers'  feltB, 

510.  Passengers'  baggage  and  elTect?,  including  only  weatiDg<appar<fI  aod  other 

persona!  lileots  that  have  been  worn  or  ate  in  use  by  persons  arriving  in 

the  colony  :  ilIijo  iinplementiip  matrumentSi  and  tools  of  trade,  occupa- 

tioD,  or  employment  of  such  peraooB  ;  and  household  or  other  electa  cot 

H  exceeding  £lO0  in  value,  which  have  been  in  use  for  twelve  months  prit  r 

B  to  embaikatioD  by  the  persons  or  families  bringing  them  to  the  ooloo) \ 

m  and  tiot  intended  for  any  othi^r  person  or  persons  or  for  Eale  f  ;  also  cabin^ 

furnishings  belooging  to  such  persons, 

51 L  Plaster  oi  Pat  is. 

512.  Powder,  blasting  and  meal. 

513.  Ship- chandlery  n.o.e. 

514.  Ships'  rockets,  blue  lights,  and  danger- signals. 

515.  Stones,  mill-  grinds  oil-  and  whet-. 

516.  Tobacco  for  sheepwash  or  for  insecticide,  after  being  rendered  unfit  for 

human  oouBumption  to  the  satiBfaction  of  the  Commissioner. 

517.  Treacle  or  molasses,  mixed  with  bo ue- black  io  proportions   to  the 

faction  of  the  Commisiiioner. 

518.  Tubular  woven  cotton-cloth  io  the  piece,  for  meat  wiaps. 

519.  TypewritErs. 


*  If  of  titvkiigu  tnanufnGiiJi  0,  subject  to  duty  (b«o  p.  111^ 

{ iQcluii'Ug  bicycles  wbich  have  been  iu  use  Cor  twelve  minths. 


THE   CUSTOMS  TAKIFF, 


109 


'590.  Wax,  bottling. 

[521.  Wool  packs  Aod  wool  pockets. 

I  522.  Y&TD — vis. :  ecir,  flax,  bemp. 

I  523.  Aitioles  u.d  materiAls  (&b  may  from  time  to  time  be  ipeotfied  by  the  Com- 
missioEfr)  which  are  suited  only  for,  and  are  to  be  used  solely  roi 
t^e  fabrication  of  goods  within  the  colony.  All  decisions  ol  the  Com* 
mieeioncr  in  reference  to  artiotes  so  admitted  free  to  be  published  from 
lime  to  time  in  the  QaittU. 
Aod  all  articles  not  otherwise  enumerated. 


TABLE  OP  EXCISE  DUTIES. 
[  525.  Tobacco,  Is.  the  lb.* 
I  596.  Cigars,  cigarette^  and  snufT,  Is.  6d.  the  lb.* 

597.  Beet,  3d.  the  gallon, 

598.  Articles  in  which  spirit  is  a  necessary  ingredient,  manufactured  in  a  ware-<- 
houae  appointed  under  section  26  of  **The  Cuatoma  Laws  Oonaolidatlutifl 
Aot,  1882,"  namely^ 

Tinctures,  essenoee,  extracts,  and  medicinal  spirits  of  any  recognised 
pharmacopoeia  conlaining  more  than  50  per  cent,  of  proof  spirit, 
9d.  the  lb. 

Tinctures,  eaeeoces,  extracts,  and  medicinal  spirits  of  any  recognised  i 
pbarmacopceia  containing  les*  than  50  per  cent,  of  proof  spirit,  3dJ" 
the  lb. 

Culinary  and  Havouring  essences,  12s.  the  liquid  gallon »  from  1st  Feb- 
ruary»  1896, 

Perfumed  spirit,  203,  the  liquid  gallon,  from  Ist  February,  1896. 

Toilet  preparations  which  are  subject  to  16s,  the  liquid  gallon  on  im- 
portation, r2s.  the  liquid  gallon. 

Toilet  preparations  which  are  subject  to  25  per  cent,  duty  ou  impotta- 
tion,  68.  the  liquid  gallon. 


DUTIES   IMPOSED  BY   HIS  EXCELLENCY  THE  GOVERNOR  UNDER 
SECTION    17    OF    '*THE    CUSTOMS   AND    EXCISE    DUTIES    ACT* 

529,  OUve-t tones,  ground  (see  New  Zealand  Gatette,  loth  May,  1890),  4d.  the  Ib^ 

530.  Brewers'  caramel  (see  New  Zealmui  OaittU,  2l8t  August,  1890),  Sd.  the  lb. 
r531.  Liquid  heps  (see  New  Zealand  QastUe,  Slat  December,  1693),  6e.  the  lb. 

532.  The  United  Asbe&tos  Patent  Salai^tander  DecorationB  {see  New  Zealand 

Qaiette,  14 th  May,  1896),  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem. 
Hatches  of  auy  material  other  than  wood  or  wax,  a  duty  corresponding  to 

the  duty  payable  on  wooden  roatobes  (see  New  Zealand  Qaiettej  27th 

April,  1899). 
534.  Fibre  conduit  pipes  and  fittings  for  same  (see  New  Zealand  OateUe,  iih 

May,  1899),  5  per  cent,  ad  val^yrem. 
585.  Caramel  c«real  (see  New  Zealand  QaueiU,  14tb  March,  1901),  |d.  the  lb* 


*  '*Tti«  Tobacoo  Excise  Dtiltes  Acl,  3690."  sectioo  2,  enacts:— 

^**0&  and  after  the  thirty  first  day  of  Deoember,  one  cbotie&tid  eight  hundred  tnd 

tf^it,  cectiotj  three  of  'The  Cmtoms  sod  Eiciie  Dutk^i  Act.  1861,'  thall  be  deenied 

»  repealed  and  in  lien  of  the  dutiei  imposed  by  that  Bcctiou  there  hIjaII  bo  levied,  uol- 

-ji.  aa4  ^aid,  on  and  afttr  that  day,  npon  tobaoco  manufactured  in  the  colony,  at  the 

Ifffia  of  making  the  entry  for  home  consumption  thereof,  (he  eever&J  duties  of  t^tcise 

~  UowiBg.  Ibat  i«  to  aajr  — 

!Oiitobaooo      .  ...  .,.  ...  ...    One  shilUng  the  pound. 

^D  eltfarv  and  snuff  ...  .„  ...  ...    One  ehilllug  and  aijcponce  the  poood. 


rdn  ciljifmoe 

U  toaoQfactured  by  machinery 
If  made  by  hand  ... 


Two  Bhitlingfi  and  sixpence  the  pound. 
One  shilling  the  pound." 


110  NBW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TSAR-BOOK. 

536.  Gompo-board  (see  New  Zealand  QaactU^  12th  December,   1901),  4s.  the 

100  fc.  super. 

537.  Leather-board  or  compo  cut  into  shapes  (see  New  Zealand  OazetU,  20th 

AugURt,  1903).  4d.  the  lb. 

538.  Gfeamalina  (-lee  New  Zealand  Gazette,  17th  Sep^^mber,  1903),  Id.  the  lb. 

539.  Ground  ooooa-sheHs  (see  New  Zealand  Gazette,  7(h  January,  1904),  3d.  the  lb. 

540.  Brunak  (see  New  Zealand  Gazetiee,  8th  September,  1904),  3d.  the  lb. 

541.  Tartaraliae,  a  substitate  for  oream  of  tartar  (lee  New  Zealand  OazetUt 

22nd  Dacember,  1904),  Id.  the  lb. 

542.  Bush's  Cream  of  Tartar  Substitute  (sec  New  Zeilaixd  Gazette,  26th  Jannarj, 

1905),  Id.  the  lb. 


MODIFICATIONS. 
On  and  after  Ist  July,  1904,  the  Customs  tariflf  is  modified  in 
respect  of  the  undermentioned  articles  imported  into  the  Cook  and 
other  Islands  within  the  extended  boundaries  of  the  colony  : — 

CUret,  2s.  the  gallon  (in  lieu  of  6s.  the  gallon). 
Horses,  lOs.  each  (in  lieu  of  £1  each). 

Drugs  imported  by  missionary  societies  for  dispensation  among  the  Natives, 
free. 


OPIUM  PROHIBITION. 
**The  Opium  Prohibition  Act,  1901,"  makes  it  unlawful  for  any 
person  to  import  opium  into  the  colony  in  any  form  suitable  for 
smoking.  Permits  may  be  issued  by  the  Commissioner  of  Trade 
and  Customs  for  the  importation  oi  the  drug  in  the  following 
forms : — 

Opium,  crude. 
Opium,  in  powder. 
Opium,  extract  of,  solid. 

No  permit  shall  be  issued  to  any  person  of  the  Chinese  race. 
Heavy  penalties  are  prescribed  for  breaches  of  the  above  law. 

**  The  Opium  Prohibition  Act  Amendment  Act,  1902,"  makes  it 
illegal  to  have  opium  in  possession,  except  the  kinds  stated  above, 
which  can  be  held  under  permit. 


TIMBER  EXPORT. 
"  The  Timber  Export  Act,  1901,*'  authorised  the  collection,  by 
Order  in  Council,  of  the  following  duties  : — 

Schedule. 

Logs,  round  . .  . .  . .    (  38.  per  |  Or  such  lesser  duty  as  the 

Logs,  squared  with  axe  or  saw. .   \     100  superficial    I      Governor    by    Order    in 
Half  logs  . .    (  feet.  J       Council  determines. 


Flitches  of  any  particular  kind, 
or  pieces  of  such  size  as  the 
Qovernor  by  Order  in  Council 
from  time  to  time  determines 


Si.  per 

100  superficial 

feet 


Or  such  lesser  duty  as  the 
Governor  by  Order  in 
Council  determines. 


THE   0U6TOM8   TARIFF. 


Ill 


An  Order  in  Council  dated  the  27th  March,  1902,  directs  that  there 
shall  be  levied,  collected,  and  paid  previous  to  exportation  from 
New  Zealand,  duties  upon  white-pine  and  kahikatea  timber  as 
under : — 

Logs,  round  . .  . .    ds.  per  100  auperfloial  feet. 

Logs,  cut  in  half 

LogP,  squared  with  aze  or  saw,  10  in.  by  10  in.  or  [ 
iU  equivalent,  or  over  . .  j 

Flitchep,  any  width,  and  not  exceeding  10  in.  thick,   28.  per  100  aaperfioial  feet. 

A  further  Order  in  Council,  dated  10th  April,  1902,  directs  that 
duties  on  kauri  timber  shall  be  charged  as  under  : — 
Logs,  round  . .  . .    Ss.  per  100  superficial  feec. 

Logs,  cut  in  half 
Logs,  squared  with  aze  or  saw. . 

^Wcrnew ':':'^'°^  ^}'''  ^  ^!^^^  "!^  ^''''' '"'}   2«.  Pe^  100  superficial  feet. 

**  The  Timber  Export  Duty  Act,  1903,"  forms  part  of  and  is  to 
be  read  with  •'  The  Timber  Export  Act,  1901."  The  following 
duties  may.  by  Order  in  Council,*  be  substituted  for  those  in  the 
Schedule  to  the  last-named  statute  : — 


Logp,  round . . 

Logs,  squared  with  aze  or  saw . . 

Half  logs      .. 

Flitckes  of  any  particular  kind, 
or  pieces  of  such  size  as  the 
Governor  by  Order  in  Council 
from  time  to  time  determines 


SCHEDQLB. 

5s.  per 

100  superficial 

feet 

Ss.  per 

100  superficial 

feet 


Or  such  lesser  duty  as  the 
Qoveruor  by  Order  in 
Council  determines. 

Or  such  lesser  duty  as  the 
Grovcmor  by  Order  in 
Council  determines. 


"  THE  PREFERENTIAL  AND  RECIPROCAL  TRADE  ACT,  1903." 
The  above  Act  forms  part  of  and  is  to  be  read  together  with 
"The  Customs  Lftws  Consolidation  Act,  1882."  Certain  goods 
I  enumerated  in  these  Schedules)  imported  into  New  Zealand,  not 
being  the  produce  or  manufacture  of  some  part  of  the  British 
dominions,  are  to  be  subject  to  duty  or  extra  duties  as  set  forth 
hereunder : — 

Abticlb  named  in  First  Schedule. 

(An  additional  daty  equal  to  the  amount  payable  under  auy  tariff  (or  the 
time  beiug  in  force  in  New  Zealand.) 
Cement. 

Abticlbs  named  in  Second  Schedule. 

(An  additional  duty  equal  to  one-half  of  the  amount  payable  under 
any  tariff  for  the  time  being  in  foroe.) 

Basket  and  wicker  ware,  n.o.e.,  not  being  furniture. 

Bicycles,  trioyclep,  aiid  the  like  vehicles;   also  finished  or  partly  finished  or 

machinea  parts  of  same,  n.o.e.,  including  weldless  steel  tubing  cut  to  short 

lengths. 
Boots,  shoes,  and  slippers,  n.o.e. ;  goloshes,  clogs,  pattens,  vamps,  uppers,  and 

laces. 
Candles. 


•  No  order  yet  issued. 


112 


MEW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


I 


Cafriages,  carta,  drays,  wagms,  and  perambulatord«  and  wheels  for  same. 
Gbioa,  porcelain,  and  pat i an  ware. 

Cordage  and  rope,  n,o.6. 

Cream  of  tartar. 

Earthenware,  stoneware,  and  brownware. 

Fancy  goods  and  toys. 

Firearms,  all  kinds. 

Fish,  potted  and  preserved. 

Furniture  and  cabinet Wcire,  n.o.e«,  and  other  than  iron. 

Glasa,  crown,  sheet,  and  c^jmmoa  window, 

Glaaaware  ;  also  plaie-gla^s,  aod  glasi  poliahsd,  coloareJ^  and  other  kindSt  n.o.e. 

globes  and  cbimDeja  for  lamps. 
Hardware,  iron  moo  gory,  and  hollo  ware, 
Hops, 
Iron  nails. 

IroQ  pipas,  and  fittings  Cor  sama,  inoluding  myn-oocks. 
Lamps,  lanteroi,  and  lamp-wiok. 
Musical  matrnoifints — viz.,  pianos. 
PtiperhangiogR. 
Paper,  wrapping— viz.,  blue    candle,   glazed  cap,  glared  casings,  small-hand, 

lumber-hani,  and  tisane. 
Paper,  wrapping,  o:ber  kinds,  including  brjwn,  cartridge*  and  eugar  papers, 
Plate  and  pi  it ed  ware. 
Pumps  and  other  apparatus  for  raising  water, 

ARXrCLES   NAMEl*   IN   THIBD    SCHEDULE, 

(Daties  equal  to  20  p3r  oentum  of  the  valae  for  duty  as  defined  by  the 
principal  Act,  or  by  any  Aet  amendnig  the  principal  Aot») 

Bioyeles  aid  tricyoles,  fittings  for— viz^,  rubber  tires,  pneumatic  tire?,  outside 
covers,  an^  inner  tnb^s  ;  rubber  and  cork  bandies,  and  peda i- rubbers ;  also 
drop-forgiags  and  stampings,  bUUbearings,  wolilesa  steel  lube  in  fuil  leuglhi, 
rims,  forks,  and  spolces  in  the  rough. 

Gis-engines  aui  hammers,  and  oil-anginai. 

Gum  boots. 

Iron  aid  steel  cordage. 

Iron,  plain  black  sheet,  rod,  boll^  bar,  and  plate < 

Printing'paper,* 

Bvila  for  radwaya  and  tramways,! 

Sailcloth,  canvas,  and  unbleached  double  warped  duck. 

Surgical  and  dental  instruments  and  appliancca. 

The  Act  also  provides  that  from  and  after  the  Slat  March, 
no  doty  shall  be  leviable  ou  tea  grown  io  any  part  of  the  British 
dominions,  except  on  tea  in  packets  not  exceeding  one  pound  in 
weight, 

[The  main  features  of  the  Act,  including  its  provisions  as  to  re- 
ciprocity of  trade,  will  be  found  described  in  Part  III,  of  this 
volume.] 


•  No  <iiity  as  above  dwcribed  is  to  be  levied  on  prlnliiig-papers  Imported  by  and  foe 
the  aie  of  the  pr  •priecora  of  any  rogisteratl  new^papor.  if  tc  Is  proved  to  Ibe  B&tisfaeiloa 
of  the  Collector  ttiA,  they  «rd  imporied  under  a  valid  contract  for  tbesQiiply  of  such 
p&peri  for  a  period  no^  exceeding  three  ye^rs,  eoteroi  iuto  prior  to  the  16tu  No?embttr« 
1901 

t  No  preferential  dutv  will  l>>  loviod  oa  rails  for  tramw  kys  and  other  goods  oieoUoned 
In  the  above  Schedules  directly  imported  before  3ifit  March,  1906,  for  use  Id  the  oonirruc- 
tlon  or  equipment  of  amy  tramway  for  whmb  plaaa  an]  spaclAaatioafl  have  been  com - 
ploted  or  are  ia  course  of  preparatloa  oa  the  passiiig  of  the  Act 


k 


FEBS   PAYABLE   UNORR   LAND   TEAKSFEH   ACT. 


FBES    PAYABLE    UNDER    LAND   THANSFER    ACT. 

FAir48i^  TO  District  Lasd  Rkoistrars  under   *•  The  Lakd  TiiANsifeB 
Act.  1885/* 


r  Ui«  briQginif  t^nd  and  or  the  proTUions  of  this  Acb  (over  and  above 

the  co8t  of  advenigeineots)  — 
When  the  title  consists  of  »  Crown  grant,  and  none  of  the  land 

included  therein  h&s  bden  dealt  with 
Wnen  the  title  is  of  any  other  desoription  and  the  vatae  exceeds 

£300 
When  the  title  ia  of  any  other  description  and  ibe  value  esocadi 

£300  and  docs  not  exceed  £300 
Woen  the  title  is  of  aoj  other  description  and  the  value  exceedn 

£100  and  does  not  exceed  £200 
Wnen  the  title  is  of  any  other  descripUoo  and  when  the  Talus 

does  not  exoeed  £100 

i9Dirit>atioii  to  the  A^turance  Fund  upon  first  bring  ng  laid  uuder 
ibe  Aol,^ 
Is  the  pound  sterling 


£    a, 

0  2 

1  0 
0  15 
0  10 
0    5 


For  every  application  t  j  bring  land  under  the  Act 

Tot  every  oertifi'^^ate  of  title  on  transfer  where  the  consideration 

does  not  exceel  £100 
For  every  other  certificate  of  title 
Regitiering  memorandam  of  transfer*  mortgage,  incumbrance,  or 

leaae 
Registering  transfer  or  discharge  of  m  rtgag^  or  of  incumbrance, 

or  the  transfer  or  surrender  of  a  lease 
Registering  proprietor  of  any  estate  or  interest  derived  by  settle 

ment  or  transmission 
For  every  power  of  attorney  deposited  . . 
Far  every  registration  abstract 
For  canoelling  registration  ab^trekot 
For  every  revjcati  jn  order 
Noting  caveat 
Cancelling  or  withdrawal  of  caveat*  and  for  every  notioe  relating 

to  any  caveat 
For  every  search 
For  every  general  searoh 
For  every  map  or  plan  deposited 
For  every  instrument  declaratory  of  trusts,  and  for  every  will  or 

other  instniment  deposited  . . 
For  registering  recovery  by  proeeeding  in  law  or  equity  or  re-entry 

by  Ussee  .. 
For  registering  vesting  of  lease  in  mortgagee,  oonseqaent  on  refusal 

of  Trustee  in  Bankruptcy  to  accept  the  same 
For  entering  notioe  of  marriage  or  death 
For  entering  notice  of  writ  or  order  of  Supreme  Court     , , 
Taking  affidavit  or  ^itatutory  declaration 
For  the  exhibition  of  any  deposited  instrument,  or  for  exhibiting 

deads  surrendered  by  applicant  proprietor 
For  certified  copy,  not  exceeding  five  folios 
For  every  folio  or  part  folio  after  first  five 
For  every  notice  to  produce  deeds  or  instruments 
For  every  outstanding  inter,  st  noted  on  cenf Qoate  of  title 
When  any  instrum*?nt  purports  to  deal  with  land  moludod  in  mort) 

than  one  grant  or  oertihcate,  for   each    registration   memorial 

after  the  first 


--^  ■■"■'-^ 


0  0  04 

0    5    0 

0  10     0 

1  0     0 

0  10     0 
0    6    0 


0  10 

0  10 

1  0 
0  6 
0  10 
0  10 


0    5  0 

0    2  0 

0    5  0 

0    5  0 

0  10  0 

0  10  0 


114  NBW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TSAR-BOOK. 

Regulatums. 

All  fees  under  the  Act  shall  be  dae  and  payable  in  advance. 

Wht  re  several  properties  are  included  in  one  form  of  application  there  shall 
be  charged  in  respect  of  each  property  an  aj^pllcation  fee  and  a  fee  for  bringing 
the  land  under  toe  Act.  Land  included  within  one  outer  boundary  shall  be 
deemed  one  property  for  the  purpose  of  this  regulation. 

In  all  cases  a  fee  of  one  pound  (£1)  is  hereby  prescribed  as  the  charge  to 
te  made  for  advertising  notice  of  application ;  provided  that,  whenever  it  is 
necessary  that  unusual  publicity  shall  be  given  to  any  application,  the  District 
Land  Begistiar  may  require  payment  of  such  additional  sum  as  shall,  in  bis 
judgment,  be  sufficient  to  defray  the  cost  of  such  advertisements. 

In  all  cases  where  ai^plicatiun  is  made  to  bring  land  under  the  Act,  and 
the  certificate  c  f  title  is  directed  to  issue  and  is  issued  in  the  name  of  the  appii- 
cant,  the  fees  fcr  bringing  fcuoh  land  under  the  Act,  with  the  exception  of  the 
"  application  fee,*'  mav,  at  the  request  of  the  applicant,  remain  unpaid  until 
such  land  is  dealt  wiih  by  him  as  registered  proprietor.  The  District  Land 
Registrar  shall  retain  any  such  certificate  of  title  until  the  fees  due  upon  the 
same  have  been  paid,  aid,  until  such  payment,  shall  not  rrgister  any  dealing 
with  the  land  included  in  such  certificate  of  title. 

Printed  forms  supplied  by  the  Registrar  for  use  under  the  Act  shall  be 
charged  for  at  the  rate  of  one  bhilKng  each.  Solicitors,  land-brokerii,  and  others 
having  forms  printed  for  their  own  use,  and  at  their  own  expense,  shall,  on 
approval  of  such  forms  Ij  the  Registrar,  be  cntiiled  to  have  the  same  sealed 
free  of  charge. 


DUTIES  ON  ESTATES  OF  DECEASED  PERSONS. 

By  the  Amendment  Act  of  1885  the  Schedule  of  Duties  payable 
under  the  principal  Act  of  1881  has  bten  repealed,  and  the  follow- 
ing imposed  in  lieu  thereof : — 

1.  When  the  value  does  not  exceed  £100  . .     Ko  duty. 

2.  Upon  any  amount  exceed. ng  £100  but  nut  exceedirg  £1,000 — 

On  thefirtt£100  ..  ..  No  duty. 

And  on  the  remainder  . .  £2^  per  cent 

3.  Upon  any  amount  exceeding  £1,000  but  not  exceeding  £5,000  £8^  per  cent. 

4.  Upon  any  amount  exceedir.g  £5,000,  but  not  exceeding  £20,000  £7  per  cent. 

5.  Upon  £20,000  and  any  amount  over  that  bum  . .  £10  per  cent. 

6.  Strai  gers  in  blood,  excepting  adopted  children  . .  £8  per  cent. 

addiUonal. 

These  duties  are  leviable  upon  the  final  balance  of  the  real  and 
personal  estates. 

The  exemption  in  respect  of  property  passing  absolutely  to 
widow  at  death  of  husband  is  now  extended  vice  versd. 

There  are  also  special  provisions  in  the  law  affecting  children, 
grandchildren,  step-children,  and  adopted  children  inheriting  pro- 
perty. 

The  above  duties  also  apply  to  deeds  of  gift. 


PART  II.— STATISTICAL. 


SECTION  I.— EDUCATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE. 

Thb  information  obtained  at  the  time  of  the  census  in  respect  of 
the  degree  of  education  of  the  people  is  remarked  upon  in  the 
Year-book,  1903.     Later  particulars  are  now  given  as  to  schooling. 

School  Statistics  to  31st  December,  1904. 

It  has  been  found  impossible  to  collect  the  full  statistics  relating 
to  schooling  for  the  year  1905  in  time  for  this  work,  and  the  figures 
for  the  previous  year  are  accordingly  given. 

The  number  of  schools,  teachers,  and  scholars,  as  in  December, 
1904,  are  shown  in  the  following  summary : — 


Dwoiption  of  Sehoob. 


BlTBOPBAX. 

PabUe  (GoTemmeiit)  leliools  (sohoUn 

otlier  tluui  lfM»ii  and  half-CMtei)    . . 
Public  (aoTemmeiit)  schooto  (half-CMt«8 

Uring  among  Soropeans)   . . 
OoUece^    grammar   and    high    schoola 

(■idea  or  endowed) 
Phrate  scboola  (excluding  Maori  icholan) ! 
Industrial  tchools  and  orphanages       . .  j 
NftUve  Tillage  achools,  European  ctiildren  i 

ittffndl"g 
Private  Native  boarding-echools.  Euro-  | 

pean  children  attending  . .  | 

School  for  Deaf-mates 
Jubilee  Instttote  for  Blind. . 

Totals — Europeans  . . 

Natiti. 

N'atiTe  ▼Ulage'scbools  supported  by  Qo- 
remment  (excluding  European  child- 
ren stated  above) 

Private  Native  boarding-seliooto  (main- 
tenance of  scholars  paid  by  Oovem- 
ment) 

Private  Native  boarding-schools  (main- 
fc*****^^  of  schnlara  paid  from  endow- 
ments)   . . 

Private  Native  day-schools    . . 

Public  (Ooremment)  schools,  Maoris 
Attending 

PubBe  ((ioveniment)  schools,  half-castes 
living  m  Maoris  attending  . . 

Prirate  schools  for  Europeans.  Maoris 


Totals— NaUves 


Number 
of  Instructors. 


Number  of  Scholars  for 

the  Fourth  Quarter 

of  1904. 


F.     Total.    Boys.      Girls.      Total. 


I       ;  If       I 

1,785  1,416  2,302,  S.Tlsj  ]  ^'^^^l  ^^'^^^ 
594;    554 


27 
295 


2,109 


100 


134' 


724 


I 

•189i 
858; 


1 
4,766 


2.443 

6,785' 

396 

231 

9 
36 
13 


1.595 

9,593 

367 

198 

5' 

29' 

8 


132,029 

1,148 

4.038 

16.378 

763 

429 

14 

65 

t21 


79.241  75,644  154.885 


I 


73       105     J 178        1.855      1,470        3,325 


161 


91 


109 


83       118 


201 


^   130 
63 

72 
33 

202 
96 

1,187 

854 

2,041 

146 

111 

257 

36 
3.453 

31 
2.626 

67 
6,709 

•  Excluding  M  vMtlng  teachers.  t  Excluding  men,  wonicu,  ladd,  and  girL),  in  addition 

t>>  the  children  in  the  eefaooi,  who  were  receiving  technical  and  industrial  training.  *  And  1 1 

flev 


116 


MCW    ASA  LAND    OmclAL    7BAE-BOOK. 


Thus  at  the  end  of  1904  there  were  2,-2lS  schools  of  all  clasi^ 
at  which  members  of  the  European  and  Maori  races  were  being 
educated.  This  was  an  increase  of  53  on  the  number  in  1903.  The 
public  primary  schools  numbered  1,785  in  1904»  against  1,741  in 
1903.  The  number  of  aided  or  endowed  colleges,  grammar,  and 
high  schools  was  27,  an  increase  of  2  on  the  number  for  the  previous 
year.  The  number  of  private  schools  from  which  returns  were 
received  by  the  Registrar-General  was  295,  an  increase  of  7.  There 
were  also  ten  industrial  schools  and  orphanages,  public  and  private, 
at  which  education  was  given,  aa  well  as  a  school  for  deaf-mutes 
subsidised  by  Government,  and  a  scliool  for  the  blind. 

The  number  of  schools  established  for  the  etiucation  of  the 
Native  or  Maori  race  was  109,  the  same  number  as  in  1903. 

Public  (Governfnent)  Schools. 

Compared  with  1903,  there  was  in  1904  an  increase  of  1,907  in 
the  number  of  pupils  belonging  to  the  public  schools  at  the  end  of 
the  year,  and  the  average  attendance  shows  an  increase  of  3,459  for 
the  whole  year^  and  of  3,733  for  the  fourth  quarter. 

School  Attendahcs:  a>d  Yeabl.y  Ihcrsasb  raoM  1877  to  1904. 


Sobool  Attflndanoe. 


Ytmtly  Inoreaaa  on 


y«Ar 


So 


afgi ' fe«g 

Mm    I  =5 


Average  Atfcendenee*  a 


Average  AttenduMsef 


Fourth 
Quarter 


Whole 
Year. 


1877 

1 

iN5,oee 

' 

1 

1«7« 

90M9 

66, (MO 

407496 

45.581 

.». 

... 

9,362 

mst 

50,707 

1  75.506 

57»:N)I 

fia,0<l7 

738 

8.868 

10,586 

7,886 

f,m 

16BU 

6B,1^ 

t«,401 

,      68.946 

00.685 

74^ 

8,417 

6,835 

5,645 

7.568 

mi 

74,a50 

KJ.560 

6;j.009 

0l,*r23 

74'J3 

6,8»S 

1,159 

69 

1,197 

1662 

76,309 

!  w.nii 

66,126 

*IH,700 

7»6 

1.960 

3,619 

3,417 

1.887 

18B» 

79,116 

92.470 

70,077 

67t373 

74-0 

3.107 

5.207 

3.651 

3.064 

l^ 

W,«»3 

07. a* 

74.150 

78,667 

761 

6.4«7 

'  i.m 

4.573 

5.9B4 

1885 

«U,07O 

J02,4t>7 

60,183 

78,1*37 

766 

5.787 

5.169 

5.633 

5,070 

ibm 

95.377 

ioo.;-3a 

ast.atn 

80.737 

761 

4,707 

3.921 

3,178 

9«410 

1887 

90,908 

110,019 

87.38fi 

S5,m 

77D 

3,869 

4.691 

4.035 

4.WIII 

i88S 

10S,5M 

na.flHS 

00,849 

90.108 

79a 

4,39» 

1.766 

3,463 

4,471 

IBSO 

104.919 

115. 456 

94.308 

93.:<74 

803 

1.386 

8.771 

3,450 

8.806 

1800 

108  JAB 

117.918 

O6.«70 

94,633 

79-9 

3.238 

8.45a 

8.868 

1.968 

liOl 

U0,6fi& 

119.523 

96,a04 

97.(te8 

80-3 

8.607 

1.611 

[-406] 

8,486 

1099 

112.279 

122.0^ 

100.017 

OO.trTO 

80^ 

1.614 

3.W7 

4.6.VI 

9,018 

im 

iH/m 

m,(m 

90,««72 

98.615 

78-6 

8.096 

2.K;6 

t-».046] 

C-4651 

i0M 

116,819 

l«7,300 

1U7.03S 

104«096 

81-8 

8.514 

2.614 

6,279 

4.W5 

ifloe 

n:».90o 

129.856 

108.708 

108,394 

89-8 

3,<'8l 

2,556 

1.078 

3.808 

1W6 

188.IS5 

131,037 

110,274 

no, 517 

68-3 

8,596 

1,181 

1.586 

8,188 

im 

183.53S   133.197 

111.968 

118. i»a 

89'9     1 

1,108 

1,160 

1,678 

i,au 

18U6 

123.66& 

m.621 

109.561 

111. 636 

881 

8S8 

[-570] 

[-8.S91) 

[-0081 

ia» 

lS3.a07 

Wl,316 

100.050 

110,;*16 

h%^ 

[-685] 

-306J 

f-snj 

1900 

12)J]6 

nio,7tk 

111.4JN 

111,747 

841 

m 

f-591 

2,448 

1,431 

1901 

1^.7S5 

lM,3dl 

119,:^64 

111,707 

841 

t-<»ij 

6>27 

SS6      1 

00 

1»« 

Dit.iAB 

1.13.9P2 

in. 5.^ 

113.711 

84D 

73J 

Oil 

[-798] 

1.914 

1903 

124,095 

IS3,56H 

114,2^3 

U:i047 

m-9 

6:19 

1.300 

8.076 

t-^»4J 

190^1 

125.150 

i:i5.<75 

117,965 

116.  we 

855 

r.055 

1,907 

3,733 

H,lfiO 

•  From  1877  to  1603  sinolnetTel  the  "flirict"  average  t»  givou.  aod  for  lubeeqaeolyeart 
ftbe  "  working"  average,  i  From  1877  to  1804  (iucluBivo)  the  inor^aee  on  the  **etrief 

ftverage  ie  given,  aod  (or  eabMqoent  yeari  thaft  on  the  "  workiog"  average. 


SCHOOL   STATISTICS. 


in 


lu  tUfi  rtjpoH  of  the  Minister  of  Education  the  figures  are  thus 
commented  upon  : — 

The  average  of  Ihs  weekly  rdl-tmmberB  afaows  a  further  increase  for  1904^ 
being  ],5Bi  It^rg^r  thcui  la  1CK}3.  The  ti^ures  for  1903  were  131,718,  &nd  for  1901, 
I3Ci»282,  The  atimber  on  iho  roll  at  the  «ud  of  the  year  likewise  showa  a  cc*ii* 
iidembte  inerease,  being  135,475,  or  1/J07  more  than  the  number  enrcUed  at  the 
tod  of  1^.13, 

There  ta  abo  a  verj  satUf^torj  improvcioent  in  the  staad&rd  of  regularity 
ol  attendance  attained  during  tte  year,  Damely,  85'5  per  cent.,  or  1'6  per  cent. 
abo««  that  for  1903.  This  improvement,  it  may  be  noted,  took  place  gradually 
Ibronghout  the  whole  ytar.  In  the  first  quarter  the  average  daily  btteoviance 
WBA  85  07  per  cent,  of  the  average  weekly  rcU-number,  in  tLe  second  quarter 
8o'15  per  cent.,  in  the  third  quarter  85'3d  per  cent.,  aud  in  the  last  quarter 
86'3C  percent. 

A  r%  forcnco  to  the  above  table  will  show  that,  ejccepUng  the  year  18U3,  when 
Ihere  was  a  fallng-vf!  of  over  2  per  cent.,  and  the  jenra  JB'J9  and  1903,  when 
there  was  a  ffiUingoi!  of  1  per  oeut.,  there  hts  been  an  almost  cootinuiuy 
Unprovinient  in  regularity  lI  attendance,  until  the  colony  hus  reached  a  per- 
centage which  compares  favourably  with  that  of  the  United  Kingdom,  or  of  any 
of  the  Btatesi  of  the  Australian  Commonwealth,  so  far  as  coniparia  n  can  he  made 
with  those  countiicf.  Unfortunately,  an  exact  comf^arison  cannot  be  made  v^ith 
the  United  Kingdom,  or  Canada,  or  the  Australian  States  (t'xcept  Wobtern 
AuUralJa),  as  the  average  weekly  enrolment  is  not  there  recorded.  Taklig, 
however,  the  net  ai  nual  enrolment,  according  to  the  figures  for  1901  as  giveo  in 
Whiiaker  s  Atmanac,  the  average  datly  attendance  was,  in  Errgland,  84' 4  per 
rent.  :  lo  Scotland,  85'2  per  cent.;  in  Ireland.  664.  For  Canada  cnly  the  totiJ 
ei  ij  given  in  the  repotts  of  the  seveial  provlncea,  and  the  peroentage  of 

thereon   for   1903   was,  in   (be   Province   of   Quebec,  74  7,  and   in 
I  0.     The  lati^st  Qgmea  available  for  (he  Australian  States  are  tho^e 

I  cordmg  to  which  the  percentage  was,  for  New  South  Walo»,  G3  4  per 

cll  ,  ^  V  ctoria,  (>7*0  per  cent,;  for  Queentiland,  71'7  per  cent.;  V  t  South 
Austraiia,  69  9  per  cent.  In  Wesiem  Auttralia,  it  »as  82  7  per  oent«  of  the 
afcrage  weekly  enrolmeiit.  In  Tasmania  there  is  only  available  for  comparison 
ihm  average  number  on  the  lolls  from  month  to  month,  (f  which  the  avirage 
daily  aiiendance  was  74  5  per  cent.  In  Gape  Colony  the  percentage  of  attend- 
\  to  the  average  roil  was  81  9  lor  the  year  ending  the  30th  June,  1904. 


Education  at  the  public  schools  is  free  (except  that,  at  such  as 
are  also  district  high  schools,  fees  are  charged  for  the  teaching  of 
the  higher  branches)  and  purely  secular.  The  attendance  of  all 
children  between  the  ages  of  7  and  14  is  compulsory,  except  when 
exemptions  are  granted,  or  a  child  is  being  otherwise  suffi- 
iy  educated. 

ie  subjects  to  be  taught  at  the  priinai'y  schools  are  required 
the  Education  Act  to  be  the  following :  Beading,  writing,  arith- 
Jetic,  English  grammar  and  composition,  geography,  history  (in- 
ladmg  civic  instruction),  elementary  science  and  drawing,  object- 
Bssons,  vocal  music,  physical  instruction,  moral  instruction,  nature- 
lady,  health,  aud  (in  the  case  of  girls)  sewing  and  needlework, 
ae  prmciples  of  domestic  economy,  also  handwork  for  both  sexes. 
?roviiiiou  must  also  be  made  for  the  instruction  in  military  drill  o!  ' 
all  boya  in  these  schools. 

A  new  syllabus  of  instruction  was  introduced  in  April,  1904,  aud 
aiTVigements  made  for  the  training  of  teachers  ;    grants  are  voted, 
~  }.e  iuteQlioa  being  to  have  a  training-college  at  each  of  the  four 


118  NEW    EEALAND   OFFICIAL    TIAB-BOOK. 

chief  towns  in  the  colony.  There  is  also  a  vote  for  instruction  of 
teachers  in  handwork  for  purposes  of  manual  and  technical  instruc- 
tion. 

Income  and  Expenditure  of  Education  Boards. 

The  total  income  of  the  various  Education  Boards  for  the  year 
1904  was  £6*25,755,  including  £2,767  of  refunds,  fines,  &c.  The  grants 
by  Government  amounted  to  £616,350,  including  receipts  from  edu- 
cation reserves.  These  grants  consist  of  payments  to  the  Board  of 
every  district  of  a  sum  suHicient  to  pay  the  salaries  of  teachers  and 
pupil-teachers  in  the  district,  and  further  payments  of  a  sum  of  £250 
per  annum,  together  with  a  sum  of  lis.  3d.  per  annum  for  each 
child  in  daily  average  attendance  at  a  public  school.  (The  Go- 
vernor may  by  Order  in  Council  declare  that  in  lieu  of  the  payments 
hi^^t  named  there  shall  be  paid  to  the  Boards  a  capitation  allowance 
of  1 2s.,  and  in  addition  £250  per  annum  to  each  Board  having  a 
daily  average  attendance  of  less  than  8,000  children.)  There  is  aJso 
a  varying  sum  for  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  normal  or 
trainiiit;  schools,  and  for  the  support  of  such  schools  already  esta- 
blishe<i ;  also  grants  for  school  buildings  and  for  technical  education. 
The  income  from  local  receipts  was  £6,638. 

The  total  expenditure  in  1904  amounted  to  £603,010,  of  which 
the  sum  of  £462.357,  including  £16,735  for  manual  and  technical 
instruction,  was  laid  out  on  the  maintenance  of  the  schools. 

The  receipts  and  expenditure  of  tiie  Education  Boards,  numbering 
thirteen  altogether,  are  tabulated  below,  with  further  particulars: — 

RE(.'EI1»TS   and    EXPENDITUUE    OF   EDUCATION    BOARDS. 

Exi>enditure.  £       b.  d. 

Hoardn' adiiiinistrRtion       ...    31,060  15    2 
Toachers'and  pupil-teachers' 
ftalariv.s  and  piipil-teacherfi' 
loilKing-allowanceB  ...  406.3iJ3    8    *J 

Iiicidcnta]        oxpenBCS       of 

KoilOOls  - 

Or.linarv    ..  £:«,40C  15    0 
Capitation  at 
\H\.  ...    4/254    0    0 


UrceijtU. 

£      s. 

d. 

Halances,  1st  Jan  nan 

. .  1101 

..      li.4sr>  17 

11 

Government  Rrants- 

RentH     from     rt^- 

SiTVOS     ... 

£44,4*29 

9  11 

Hftlanr^o   of  grants 

for     salaries     of 

tenrhcrs  autl  pu 

pil-irachorrt 

:u'n),A'M\  12 

b 

Allowance  at  f*23(i 

anti  «-npitation 

Tl.lMT 

4 

2 

other  RranlK 

7.»K)5 

'2 

b 

Total  for  main 

tcnance 

4aJ.9a'3 

9 

5 

S(OiolarBhi])K    and 

d  i  H  t  r  i  c  t    high 

schools... 

1U.226 

7 

7 

Manual         and 

technical    in- 

rttrnction 

H.:nc 

1 

b 

li  u  i  1  d  i  n  R  R     and 

tcHchers'     liouf.i» 

allo^vaIHro^ 

IH.KO 

9 

1 

Total  froiii  Cio- 
vi-mment    ... 

GiG.:r)0   7 

9 

Local  r^ci-ijits— 

l''t*es.donaii()n.«,4rc. 

4.r4V()  ]i 

0 

Intort'Ht,  rents,  drc. 

1.U77 

9 

11 

11 

Kefunda.  fines,  d:c. 

...     '2lnX  17 

2 

£C:^2.«J4l    4 

~0 

36.750  15  0 

Salaries  of  relieving  teachers  2,567  10  5 

ScholarHhips  and  secondary 

ednoat.ion...  ...  20,517  12  11 

Traininfj  of  teachers  ...  3.G27  18  0 

Manual  and  technical  in- 
struction ...  ...  ...  16.735    7  7 

HuildinRH,  house  allowances, 

sites,  titc.   ...  ...  ..  83.499    1  6 

Kefunds  and  sundries  ...  1,(>28    4  3 

Halancc,  31st  December,  1904  29,230  11  9 


£6:)2,e41    4    9 


TBCHNICAL  EDUCATION. 


119 


Technical  Education. 
he  Education  Act  of  190 i  provides  for  public  instruction  in  such 
manual  and  teclmical  subjects  as  are  set  forth  in  the  rei^latioua 
thereunder.  The  same  Act  provides  also  for  the  instruction  id 
elementary  handwork  of  pupits  attending  primary  or  secondary 
'lools.  All  classes  recognised  under  the  Act  are  ehgible  for  grants 
of  necessary  buildings,  furniture,  apparatus,  and  material,  and 
ir  capitation,  and  sub^dies  of  £1  for  £1  on  voluntary  contributions. 
During  1904  capitation  was  paid  on  classes  for  drawing  (various 
bmuches),  painting,  modelling,  design,  wood-carving,  architec- 
ture, carpentry  aod  joinery,  plurabiog,  painters*  and  decorators* 
work,  mechanical  and  electrical  engineering,  natural  and  experi- 
ental  science  (various  branches),  farriery  and  smithing,  languages, 
bathematics,  commercial  subjects,  cookery,  laundry-work,  dress- 
aaking,  inilJinery,  tailoring,  wool-sorting,  and  vocal  music. 

Special  annual  grants  are  made  to  Education  Boards  for  the 
;iaimenance  of  traming  classes  for  teachers  in  subjects  of  manual 
technical  instruction  prescribed  for  school  classes. 
Provision  has  also  been  ma^le  for  free  technical  education.  Fer- 
gus complying  witii  the  conditions  prescribed  by  the  regulations 
~  entitled  to  hold  junior  free  places  at  technical  schools  or 
Bses.  These  free  places  are  tenable  for  two  sears,  and  may  be 
>n tinned  under  certain  conditions  for  three  years  as  senior  free 
aces.  In  order  that  the  substratum  on  which  technical  education 
18  based  may  be  sound,  it  is  made  a  condition  of  the  tenure  cf  the 
Junior  Technical  Scholarships  that  the  holders  shall  receive  instruc- 
tion in  one  or  u)ore  subjects  of  general  instruction,  such  as  English 
and  arithmetic  or  some  other  branch  of  mathematics,  in  addition  to 
instraction  in  tecimical  subjects.  Holders  of  senior  free  places  are 
required  to  take  up  definite  courses  of  technical  instruction. 

The  controlling  authorities  of  classes  for  manual  and  t^.chnical 

instruction   are  Education  Boards,  governing  bodies  of  secondary 

sehoolfl  and  university  colleges,  and,  in  the  case  of  certain  classes  in 

"Tice  before  the  passing  of  the  Act  of  1901,  the  managers  of 

classes.     School  classes,  or  classes  held  in  connection  with 

primary  or  secondary  schools,  are  under  the  control  of  the  Education 

Boanls  or  of  the  governing  bodies  respectively,     *•  Special  classes" 

— that  is,  continuation  classes,  and  classes  for  manual  or  technical 

'n^t  met  ion— are   estabhshed   and  controlled    by    the    same    bodies. 

lege    classes"    are    classes    for    higher    teclmical    instruction 

rcLtuiished  and  controlled  by  the  governing  body  of  a  university 

OolJe^.     Classes    tnay  also   be   establiBhed   by   Borough    Councils, 

County  Councils,  aud  other  local  authorities  acting  jointly  with  an 

Hduculion  Board  or  university  college  ;  these  are  called  ■*  associated 

-^^,*'  and  all  the  contributing  bodies  may  have  a  voice,  accord- 

_     J  the  share  of  the  cost  of  maintenance  borne  by  them,  in  the 

ft.  tioii  of  managers  for  the  classes.     It  is  worthy  of  note,  but  not 

perhaps  generally  understood,    that   the    Act   and   regulations 

andcr  ofifer  just  as  great  inducements  for  the  establisbmeut  of 

for  dairy- work  and  for  agriculcui*al  insr ruction  as  for  other 

claeaea  for  technical  instruction ;  even  more,  perhaps,  for  in  certain 


i 


120 


NEW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TKAR-EOOK. 


oases  capitation  may  be  paid  to  country  classes  at  one  and  a  half 
times  the  rate  paid  to  town  classes.  There  is  now  really  nothing  to 
prevent  any  district  or  any  body  of  persons  in  a  district  from  starting 
classes  under  the  Act  and  securing  grants  sufficient  to  equip  and 
carry  on  the  classes,  unless  it  be  the  comparatively  small  number  of 
thoroughly  competent  instructors  tliat  are  to  be  obtained.  This, 
however,  is  an  evil  that  is  being  gradually  removed  as  those  who 
have  been  attending  training  classes  for  teachers  in  these  subjects 
become  qualiBed,  The  Education  Department  conducts  every  year 
examinations  on  behalf  of  the  Board  of  Education.  South  Kensing- 
ton (science  and  art  subjects),  and  the  City  and  Guilds  of  London 
Institute  (technological  subjects).  In  1904  examinations  were  held  at 
twelve  centres.  At  the  science  and  art  examinations,  295  out  of  437 
candidates  who  presented  themselves  for  examination  in  various 
subjects  were  success fuh  At  the  technological  examinations  261 
candidates  passed  out  of  a  total  of  336.  The  Institute  reported  that 
the  number  of  separate  subjects  in  which  candidates  are  examined 
increases  from  year  to  year,  and  likewise  the  number  of  centres  from 
which  candidates  are  drawn,  also  that  some  of  the  papers  sent  from 
New  Zealand  for  examination,  particularly  those  in  plumbing,  were 
of  a  high  order  of  excellence.  Tne  percentage  of  failures  in  New 
Zealand  is  less  than  in  England,  although  a  smaller  proportion  of 
colonial  students  qualify  in  the  honours  grade. 

The  subjects  taken  up  in  school  classes  included  cookery,  wood* 
work,  elementary  practical  agriculture,  dairy- work,  swimming  and 
life-saving,  first  aid  and  ambulance,  dressmaking,  and  laundry-work, 
and  elementary  practical  physics  and  chemistry. 

In  connection  with  the  Canterbury  College  there  is  an  endowed 
School  of  Engineering  and  Technical  Science,  providing  for  courses 
for  the  university  degi'ee  of  B.Sc.  in  engineering  or  for  the  asso- 
ciatcsinp  in  engineering.  Two  hundred  and  six  students  attended 
in  1904. 

The  Cauterbm^  Agricultural  College  has  an  endowment  of 
62,CX)0  acres  of  land,  of  the  rental  value  of  £1,500  per  annum,  and 
possesses  extensive  buildings,  and  an  experimental  farm  of  a  very 
complete  character.  The  institution  ofifers  an  opportunity  to  acquire 
a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  science  and  practice  of  agriculture. 
Two  years'  residence  at  the  college  is  accepted  by  the  University 
of  New  Zealand  as  pai-t  of  the  curriculum  quaUfying  for  the  degree 
of  B.Sc.  in  agriculture.     The  college  accommodates  forty  students. 

There  are  several  Schools  of  Mines  located  in  districts  in 
which  mining  is  actively  carried  on,  and  the  Otago  University 
maintains  a  professorial  chair  of  mining  and  metallurgy,  to  which 
the  Government  makes  an  annual  grant  of  £500.  The  number  of 
students  in  mining  io  1904  was  about  300. 

With  the  view  of  encouraging  attendance  at  recognised  tech- 
nical schools  and  classes,  arrangements  have  been  made  with  the 
Railway  Department  by  which  students  attending  classes  registered 
with  the  Minister  of  Education  may  obtain  railway  tickets  at  special 
rates.  Free  railway  tickets  are  issued  to  holders  of  free  places  at 
teohaicsLl  schools. 


TECHNICAL   EDUCATION.  121 

In  the  twenty-eighth  aunual  report,  the  Minister  of  Educfttiou 
remarks  as  follows  on  nianiial  training  and  technical  instruction  : — 

A  rcTiew  of  tbe  year's  work  shows  that  oonKtderable  progre^a  has  been  made 
iy  coDtrollirg  autboritics  throughout  the  colony  in  the  direction  of  improving 
rziMiDg  arr&ngemetits  and  providing  additional  facilitiea  for  instnicbion  in 
mlij^^^'  ^^  teolmoiog;  and  manual  trainir  g.  T\  ere  ia  now  no  f^ducation  district 
m  which  some  provision,  more  or  leps  adequate,  bas  Dot  been  made  for  such 
msiraLtion,&nd  there  arc  indicutitns  that  in  those  diBtrictsin  which  ibe  movement 
ia  mcsl  rerent  the  local  autborities  inier^nted  in  the  matter  will  have  no  reason 
to  regard  their  ffforts  ae  other  than  ecccuraging.  Where  it  haa  been  found  that 
there  waft  a  well  grounded  demand  for  instruction,  the  Government  has  provided 
tbe  Qtcessary  funde  for  tbe  equipment  and  maintenance  of  the  claasej^,  as  will 
ad  for  buildings  where  tbe  circumstances  renderod  special  accommodation  neres- 
Miry-  In  many  cases,  local  bodied  and  otht  rs  have  shown  their  interest  in  tbe 
work  in  a  pra- Ileal  mann'  r  by  oontribuiirig  to  the  furids  of  the  classeF.  Coinci- 
dent with  this  t  videcce  of  local  ellort  ia  an  increase  in  the  niimbt  r  of  nasociatcd 
claf^  fl— that  is  to  fay,  classes  for  technical  instruc-tii  n  conducted  in  coDJnnction 
with  tbe  controlling  authority  by  managers  representing  the  variooa  coritributing 
bt  dies.  There  is  little  reason  to  fear  that  claases  established  on  these  lines  are 
likely  to  prove  other  than  succefsfu'. 

The  msmhor  of  technioal,  continuation^  and  school  classes  recognised  during 
3901  was  2^599,  as  againat  2,287  for  the  prGvious  year.  Of  the  classes  for  1Q04» 
5^001  were  classes  (or  handwork  in  ccnnection  with  over  700  primary  and 
wcODd&ry  schools,  while  598  were  special,  associated,  or  ocllege  classes  for 
lnBlruoiion  in  the  several  branches  cf  pure  and  applied  art  and  science,  and  in 
ptnmbing,  carpentry  and  joinery,  cookery,  dressmaking,  and  commercial  Bubjects. 
While  I  be  actual  number  of  technioal  classes  was  not  gireatly  in  advance  of  that 
for  1903,  the  returns  Bhow  a  gre^i  increase  in  the  avi  rage  attendance  at  them. 
For  1CM)3  the  average  aittndance  was  about  6,300,  and  for  1904  about  13,700, 
Technical  classes  are  htld  at  about  fifty  different  places. 

Id  many  of  the  public  schooEs  all  the  standards  received  instruction  in  some 
one  or  other  of  the  brauches  of  handwork.  In  several  districts  arrangements 
bare  been  made  whereby  the  older  pupils  in  tbe  city  and  suburban  sehools 
receive  instruction  in  woodwork  and  cookety.  During  the  year  156  cookery 
ctaaees  and  V20  woodwork  classes  were  in  operation,  while,  at  the  technclogica) 
examiitatio&s  of  the  City  and  Guilds  cf  London  Institute,  102  public  school 
teachers  piissed  tl^e  examitiatiors  in  cookery,  and  eighty-acven  in  woodwcrk.  In 
ooly  one  education  dimrict  were  school  classes  for  instructlm  in  dairy! rg  esta- 
bJished.  IncrraFed  attemion  is  to  be  given  to  a  practical  instruction  in  element* 
ary  e^rioulture  in  primary  acboolit.  During  the  3 ear  forty  seven  clashes  In  six 
r^e^tlon  diitricti  were  working  under  tbe  Act  as  against  tiiiriy*mx  for  1903.  It 
la  io  be  regretted  that  there  is  not  mere  evidence  e  f  a  dijfintto  moveminl  on 
the  part  of  controlling  authorities  to  arrange  for  the  regular  inai ruction  in 
"-^"""^  ^i^ificts  of  tchooJ-cbildroo,  aa  well  a*  of  those  who  have  left  Bchool,  in 
iving  a  direct  bearing  on  rural  pursuits.  With  the  co-opiralion  and 
\\  bodies  interested  in  agricultural  snd  pat^toral  matters  oontroliicg 
•ntticrittta  shmld  be  able  to  are  their  way  to  arrange  for  suitable  courses  at 
aocvenient  ctntres.  If  tbe  classes  vere  brought  under  the  Aot^  subsidy  would 
bn  on  the  contributions  of  local  bodies  and  others,  and  the  classes  would 

K  for  capitation  and  for  grants  in  aid  of  the  necet^sary  apparatus  and 

tii»c(r<)»i  The  funds  available  from  these  and  other  sources,  dt^ch  as  the  fees  of 
rtoteble,  should  tiufiice  for  the  eMoient  cairying-on  tf  the  oliiiifeB.  As  far  as  the 
iniftlog  of  teachers  of  country  schools  is  concerned,  there  would  aeem  to  be  no 
f»iinfi  why  E^Jucatiou  Boards  should  mt  devo  e  a  \  roportion  of  the  grants  they 
reee^re  eibch  year  for  the  training  of  teachers  in  ^ubji  cts  of  manual  and  teohnical 
tion  to  the  mail  tenance  of  training-classes  in  rural  acience.  In  tie  ca^e 
-tmaller  edat ation  districta  co-operation  on  the  part  of  tbe  Boards  should 
f  nnMe  nuch  classes  to  be  p>laced  on  a  satisfactory  footing. 

There  ba«  been  a  oonBiderable  incrcafd  in  tbe  number  of  persons  receiving 
free  insimotion  under  the  n^lations  for  lechnieal  HcboUreh^ps.  During  the 
J  ear  S52  scholars  rec  ited  free  instruoiicn  at  ten  lecbnical  schools.  In  not  e. 
few  caeca  definite  conrtes  0/  work  have  bean  entetid  upon,  an4  ^hcte  o^tftVn^v 
eeiioQ^  iit»t  there  mU  im  a  gubstantml  ioerrase  tiext  yenr,  noi  onV-j  m  VV^ 


122 


MBW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


number  of  free  scholars,  but  also  in  the  number  of  teohnioal  lohooli  giving  fr^e 
iostruotion  along  definite  lines. 

The  total  expeoditure  on  manual  and  technical  instruction  for  190i  was 
£27,425  Is.  The  detaiU  are  as  follows :  Oapitation  on  all  classes,  £11,801  ISs.  6d. ; 
grants  for  buildings  and  equipment,  £9,255  17s.  2d. ;  grants  for  material  for  class 
use,  £798  Gs.  9J.  ;  subsidies  on  voluntary  contributions,  £1,175  lOs.  lOd. ; 
technical  training  of  teachers,  £1,853  ;  railway  fares  of  instructors  and  student-'. 
£364  2s.  9J. ;  expenses  in  connection  with  the  examination  of  the  Board  of 
Education,  South  Kensington,  and  of  the  City  and  Guilds  of  London  Institute, 
£518  128.  4d. ;  inspeotion,  £978  15s.  3d. ;  sckolardhips,  £634  148.  3d. ;  sundries, 
£44  96.  3d.  The  sum  of  £107  2s.  6d.  was  recovered  by  way  of  examination  fees 
and  from  sale  o!  materi  H  used  at  examinations,  leaving  a  net  expenditure  of 
£27,317  18:^.Gd. 

Manual  and  Technical  Instruction,  1904.— School  CfjissES. 


Subjects  of  Instruction  and  Number  of  Classes 
in  each  Subject. 


Controlling  .\uthoritv. 


I  Q 

11 '' 


''hi 


I  « 


I  i 

S  ^  - 


j 


KducatioD  Board,  Auckland  ... 

Education  Board,  Taranaki  ... 

Board    of     Qovernori*,    High 
School,  New  Plymoutli 

Education  Board,  Wauganui... 

Board    of    Governors.     High 
School,  Palmerbton  North 

Education  Board,  Wellington 

Board  of  Governors,  Welling- 
ton Ck)llege  and  Girls'  High 
School  — 
Girls"  High  School  ... 

Education  Board,  Hawke's  Bay 

Education  Board,  Marlborough 

Education  Board,  Nelson 

Board   of   Governors,   Nelson 
Colleges— 
Boys'  College 
Girls'  College 

Education  Board,  Grey 

Education  Board,  Wostland   .. 

Education  Board,  North  Can- 
terbury 

Board  of   Governors,  Canter- 
burv  College- 
Boys'  High  School 

Girls'  High  SchoDl  ... 

Board  of  Governors,  A^hbur- 
ton  High  School 

Educatioj  Board,  South  Can- 
terbury 

Board   of  Governors,  Timaru 
High  Schools  — 
Boys'  High  School  ... 
Girls'  High  School 

Education  Board.  Otago 

Board    of    Governors,    Otago 
High  Schools- 
Girls'  High  School 

Education  Board,  Southland... 

Board   of    Governors,   South- 
land High  Schools- 
Boy  b'  Hign  School  ... 
Girls'  High  Schools 

Totals 


9« 


1    1 
1120 


2a-i 


119 
192 


45 
6 
fil 


14 


15  47i...,  19  «I ' 1    8 

9  '  ...I...'  8,  2;  ..:  8|  3    ...  I    S 

2  ...j  II  ...^  ...; _       ...  I  ... 

9  cl  1  29  16   1   1  .    13  i    2 

...  3,...'  3...   2   1     2       1 

18  '  34   2  19,  ..'  2 6.2 


1 
16 


1  ...  sm 

...  I  1  114 

........  H 

1   ..'  »r 

...  I...  la 


.   ..,      ..  ..■  5  ...  ;  ... 

4     2     21  1     I...     2  I    5 

}'JA    -u:---,     .-1.? 


6  2;  10     2; ...' 

...I..:..'  1-3...'.. 

4i I 


1     17 


I...     1 
..     1     1  ...i... 
1    30  26 

I 


..'  I::. 

12       6   ...' 


iO  ' 


3,  1    1 

...'...   2'  3    ... 
2:  2 


...  '    2  2'  ... 

...  I  ..J     I  ... 

1  '    3,  3  21     3-...'...   3    ... 


I 


I 


2,. 


IHl: 


2'  2  ..;  ...,...;...  3.  ... 

19...   28   16'  11...,...'  21 


..     3 '...;. 

2  ,    7  ..   41'    7i  1 . 


9 
(0 
11 
95 


4 
4 

1 

16 
304 


6 
13 

4 

80 


140 


24^ 


725  il,22ll    ad 


, ...; '  ...12! ' ... , ... :  a  I 

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TBCHNIGAIi  EDUCATION. 


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TBCHHICAL  EDUCATION. 


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126 


MKW    EEALAND   OFFICIAL    TIAB-BOOK. 


The  following  table  shows  the  results  of  the  examinations 
conducted  in  the  colony  on  behalf  of  the  Board  of  Education,  South 
Kensington,  and  the  City  and  Guilds  of  London  Institute : — 


Abt  and  Science  Examinations,  1904. 
["  C  "  represents  candidates ;  '*  P  " 


1 

Subjects 

1   3  1 

of 

'    "d 

3 

RzamiuatioD. 

.  s 

>i  1 

'  M 

1  ^ 

,   ^ 

» 

a 

.    s 

< 

>5 

O    i 

i' 

i 

q 


Art-  .    ;    ■    1^ 

Freehand  drawing     „  \  J15  5.  J..,  Ifi!  6  3^  a,..  ..    1  .,    « 

Model  ...  ,,  I  17  14'.   ,  ,     li  1,  G|  fi-..-    1'  1   8 

Geometrical  drawing        1  .H.>.,«,j  4l  ^  E.  S...  ..  ...[...L. 

Perspective    ...  ...  i    3  3..  ,.,  \.  :.„'.-.  ...'  1,  I,  1  ..... 

Blackboard  drawing  ...  '  .„. ...Lh...  .-! .-   !■  1  ,- 

Drawing  common  ub-  ,  ...  .  „..,.    i „  ...»  Ij  ll  » 

jectB  from  memorv                       '    i    '  I 

Memory    drawing     of    ...  L. i 

plant-form  , 

Drawing  in  light  aDd    l5lfi...L.l2'  CI  4  1  1   i  ... 

shade  , 

Design  ..  ....  ,..,,„.   li  l^.,,..,   22  I 

Painting  from  still  life       1    ]  „  ' ..*  S  1 3 

Principles  of  oruamont    ...  ...  «.l„J.,. 9  'i 

Anatomy        ...  ...     .,...,.  .^j.., i,    *i  9 

Drawing  from  the  nu-      ,, ,^  ......  -..  .*, .., 

tique  ■  '  ,    , 

Drawing  from  life .i,,..., a  I  ..  I..,l...l. 

Modelling  the  het.d   ...     ..  .. s£  a..J I 

Architecture...  ., ' ,   1.  3,..  j 


11 


&;  4. 


.,].. 


Students' works  -1  |i...... 

Science- 
Practical     plane    and 

solid  geometry 
Machine  constructioi]    21  LI'  1    1 

and  drawing 
Building   conntructLon      7   Tr...  .. 

and  drawing 

Mathematics ...  ♦♦. 

Applied  mechanics     . *,  ... 

Steam             ...                   a  -i'  ,   ... 
Theoretical    inorganic    ,.  

chemistry 
Magnetism    and    olec-      a  71., 

tricity 
Sound,  light,  and  heat 
.Vgricultural      science 

and  rural  economv 
Botany 
Human  phyHiology    ... 


2  117   7. 


■1-  '■• 
3   li.,. 


1    1 
7   (j 


11  1'  1]  1 


5'  t' 


'i  1. 


I  1. 
i  1. 


,:ri:::::i 


1 1- 


PC 


'I'T 


Totals illO  71' 


S,  17 ,33;  I M5  40 W  n  j  5  |9t}ll4 ,  3 


■Y' 


r 


i  1 


OP 

1711 
3218 


&  4 


1  9 


1  1 


a.., 


OP 

i  i 


s  f 


1 
fi  J... 


r 


434941 1835516  3 


0  P 

iu 

I  51 

\u 
u 
i 
I 


Is 
I 


m  9 
J 


ft  I 

ll 


iq  IS 
I 
1 


43T|i9S 


*  A  book  prize  was  gained  by  a  Napier  student. 


TECHNICAL   EDUCATION. 


127 


Tbchnolooical  Examinations,  1904 

Snbjecti  of  Ei£«miiutiuti. 

i 

< 

s 

s 

1 

1 

1 

1  I'f  1'  1 

0  PC  I* 

C  PC'I*  OJP^C'P  C'l»  C  I*  UPC  |P 

Plambers'  work  (preliminary)   . 

Principlet  of  plnmbing  (ordin&ry) 

Plumbers'  work  (ordinarr) 

Principles  of  plnmbing  (nonoars) 

Carpentry  and  joinery  (preliminary) 

Cari^ntrf  and  joinery  (ordinary) 

Electric  lig*it  and  po  ver  (preliminary) 
(orlinary)      ... 
(honour^) 

Wiremen'a  work 

Telegraphy  and  telephony  fordinary)  ... 

Mechanical  engineering,   Part   I  i ordi- 
nary) 

Mechanical  engineering.  Part  II  (ordi- 
nary) 

Painters*   and   decorators'  work  (ordi- 
nary) 

Brickwork  ford  nary)    ... 

Ciss-mannfactnre  (ordina^'y)     ... 

Woodwork,  first  year     ... 
•  final 

Cookery 

Totals 


1412. 


:  2  1    I     ..    I 


1 1  1 

9   9   7    •>  3   31210  3  3 

...' 2   1...; ' 

1    1  ......  1    1    ll  1 ' 

1    1    Si  2  1  i...       ... 


1      1 

\    2     1 


J  . 


2  .   . 

3  1. 


5   5 
8   1  . 

ll  1. 
4:  1  . 

I!; 


11. 

1    1  . 

1111 


..'  1   1 

..|..         2   1... 


I 


I 


I 


1    1 


I 


...;  ..•...!...•  1   1 j...: I  1|  1 2     2 

42,35..,!     I  1    li 6i  C   1  ...    6  3  18  16.:^7  18  111    79 

1,  l...i     |...'...'...      '  li ,...    3'  2  ..I. ..HOI  5\  15|    8 

36|33...'     '..: I........       ...I...I  :« .3244  37'1I3  102 

1099311    710'  832:2210'  9    I...1I3'  9  •)9  r>3  9l!f.o;336|2Cl 


The  expenditure  for  the  year  is  given  in  detail : — 

SCMMABY    OF    EXPENDFTUBE    BY    GOVEBNMENT   ON   MaNUAL   AND   TECHNICAL   In- 
8TBUCTI0N   FOB   YeAB  ENDING   SlST   DeCEMBEB,    1904. 

£       8.     d. 


Capitation 

Subsidy  of  £1  for  £1  on  contributions. 

Grants — 

Baildings  and  apparatus 

Class  material    . . 

Training  of  Teachers— 

Auckldind  Education  Board    . 

Taranaki 

Wanganui 

Wellington 

Hawke*8  Bay 

Nelson 

Grey 

Westland 

South  Canterbury  ^ 

Otago 


£         8. 

9,255  17 

798    6 


578 

0 

0 

100 

0 

0 

150 

0 

0 

200 

0 

0 

150 

0 

0 

125 

0 

0 

75 

0 

0 

150 

0 

0 

125 

0 

0 

200 

0 

0 

1I,R01   12     G 
1,175  10  10 


10,054     3  11 


1,853    0    0 


128  NBW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAR-BOOX. 


Railway  farei  of  instrootors  of  training-classes 

,  students  attending  registered  classes. 

Expenses  in  connection  with  Examinations — 
Science  and  Art  Board  of  Educaticn,  South 

Kensington 
City  and  Guilds  of  London  Inbtitute 


£  P.  d. 

. . 

241  15  8 

. 

122  7  1 

£  s.  d. 

167  16  0 

350  16  4 

518  12    4 


Inspectors — 

Salaries  716  13    4 

Travelling-expenses  262    1  11 


Scholarships 

Mounts,  &o.f  fcr  plaster  casts 

Puhlications,  &c. 

Sundries 


978  16 

3 

634  14 

2 

19  11 

0 

20  2 

8 

4  15 

7 

27,425     1    0 


Less  recoveries  (examination  fees,  £105  28.  6d. ;  proceeds  of  sale 

of  material  used  at  examination,  £2)  ..  107    2    6 


Total  ..  £27,317  18    6 


Secondary  or  Superior  Schools. 

There  were  27  subsidised  or  endowed  schools  for  higher  educa- 
tion in  December,  190i.  The  names  of  these  secondary  schools, 
with  the  numbers  of  pupils  on  the  rolls  in  the  last  term  or  quarter 
of  the  year,  and  the  fees  charged,  are  stated  below.  These  schools 
must  not  be  confused  with  the  district  high  schools,  although  they 
nearly  all  admit  to  free  places  holders  of  Education  Board  Scholar- 
ships and  of  National  or  Queen's  Scholarships,  besides  all  who  gain 
certificates  of  proficiency  within  prescribed  limits  of  age,  &c.  There 
are  grants  payable  under  the  Secondary  Schools  Act  varying  from 
£4  to  £10  15s.  for  each  free  place,  according  as  the  net  income  from 
endowments  is  small  or  great.  This  is  a  modification  of  the  grants 
previously  authorised,  which  were  at  the  uniform  rate  of  £6.  The 
number  of  endowed  secondary-schools  giving  free  tuition  to  all 
qualified  pupils  at  the  end  of  1904  was  20,  and  the  number  of  pupils 
holding  free  places  was  1,595.  There  were  besides  about  387 
holders  of  scholarships  and  exhibitions  given  by  these  schools,  or  by 
Boards  of  Education,  or  by  the  secondary  schools  not  coming  under 
the  conditions.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  pupils  numbered  alto- 
gether 4,038. 


8EOONDAKT  OB  SUPERIOR  SCHOOLS. 


129 


ATTKltnAKCK  AND  FeB8  AT   CERTAIN   SECONDARY   SCHOOLS. 


Staff.    Attendance  for  Last  Term  or 

50 

Annual  Kates  of 

Quarter  of  1904. 

0 

1 

55 

Fees. 

Scboolf. 

i 
1 

1 

P 

23 



15  to  18. 

Over  18" 
Yearn. 

1 

$  a 
< 

For 

Day- 
school 
(bourse. 

For 
Board, 
exclusive 
of  Day- 
school 
Tuition. 

1 

' 

£  s.  d. 

£     8.  d. 

Wbaogarei  High  Scbool 

3 

J6.... 
J  b'.'s 

la.  7 

16 
10 

18'      1 
6    ... 

35 
15 

33)  ' 
13;     •• 

8   8    0 

Anekland  Grammar 
School 

17 

1 

138 
69 

116      fi 
50;      6 

264 
131 

352) 
124;     •• 

'  10  10    0 
18    8    0 

[    ••• 

Thames  High  School     ... 

3 

jfi::: 

la.... 

8 

16 
10 

'i  ■  ••. 

30 
18 

28)  ■ 

16;    • 

8    8    0 

Mew    PI  y  month     High 

Schotl 
Waoganai  Girls'  College 

4 
10 

9 
6 

26 
16 

48 

21  ... 

2S   ... 
75'    23 

47 
44 

154 

441' 
39)  '    - 

111         62 

6    6    0 

f  10  10    0 
I  8    8    0 

1    40  0  a 

WcDiouiiii  Collegiate  School 

13 

2 

39 

lie!    18 

175 

171     1  132 

(12    0    0 
1   9    0    0 

}    45  0  0 

Palmeraton  North  High 
School 

5 

3 

61 
4S 

26'      1 
16... 

89 
58 

811 

54  f     - 

10    0    0 

WelliDgton  College  (Boys') 

13 

1 

* 

69 

204     16 

293 

2C6    1    80 

'13    4    0 

1 10  12    0 

}     42    0    0 

Wellington    Girls'   High 
School 

9 

3          6 

48 

120;          9 

183 

165    ^  ... 

(13    4    ( 
(  10  12    0 

) 

Nspier  Boys'  High  School 
Napier  Girls'  H^h  Scbool 

6 

1!        U 

50 

63   ... 

114 

104    '    25 

10    4    ( 

40    0    0 

6 

5:        11 

5& 

35       5 

103 

i9         16 

10    4    0 

43    3    0 

Marlborongb  High  Scbcol 

i 

"*.  iff.... 

21 
33 

29       3 

18       1 

53 
52 

47  1 
43;     •• 

8  11    0 

Xelson  College  (Boys')  ... 

9 

2          8 

87 

100     15 

190 

161      ;      77 

no  10    0 
18    8    0 

]    ■  40    0    0 

Nelson  Girls' College     ... 

8 

1         9; 

60 

77|    12 

158 

144    1    33 

J  10  10    0 
1    8    8    0 

'      40    0    0 

Christcburcb  Boys'  High 
School 

11 

7          3 

1 

97 

no]     9 

210 

210       ... 

J   7  10    0 
110  10    0 
'990 
■|  12  12    ( 

[    - 

Christchnrcb  Girls'  High 

9 

6          1 

74 

6^      1 

145 

135       ... 

) 

School 
Christ'*  C*ii  Jej, v.  Grammar 

12 

8        29 

94 

90     14 

2:7 

211    '     80 

(14    3    0 
-11     0    6 

)      45    0    0 
[      42    0    0 

School 

1 

i   7  17    6 

Raugiora  High  School  .. 

3 

3ni     9  ... 
22.    13       1 

40 

fe 

5;^ 

39) 

34  f     - 

9    9    0 

.      r    H'i?b^*»i^^':>t 

3 

34|    14    ... 
34|    19    ... 

45  1 
50)       • 

6    6    0 

Tiicani  Boys'  High  School 

4 

1 

\ 

58     35    ... 

93 

85       ... 

9    0    0 

Timarn  Girls'  High 

4 

2 

44     44       7 

95 

89       ... 

9    0    0 

School 

Waitaki    Boys'   High 

4 

1 

41 

70       2 

113 

106         03 

7  10    0 

42    8    0 

School 

Waatelu    Girls'    High 

3 

2 

20 

21       4 

45 

42       ... 

7  10    0 

School 

Otago  Boys'  High  School 

10 

4 

1 

163 

120       5 

298 

289         24 

10    0    0 

43  10    0 

Otago  Girls'  High  School 

7 

8 

93 

106       3 

204 

179          9 

10    0    0 

40    0    0 

SoQthland    Boys*     High 

5 

1 

67|    48    ... 

115 

111        ... 

10    0    0 

... 

Scbool 

Southland    Girls'     High 
Scbool 

4 

2:    ... 

59     40       2 

1        ' 

101 

95 

10    0    0 

Totals 

U9 

^   1  0.42 

10871202     89 
736!  744      74 

2,44.M 
1,595 

?-^l.^ 

... 

i 

In  six  cases  no  secondary  school  is  maintained  by  the  governing 
body  :  these  are  the  Auckland  Girls*  High  School,  Gisborne  High 
School.  Grey  mouth  High  School,  Hokitika  High  School,  Akaroa 
High  School,  and  Waimate  High  School ;  but  in  all  cases  the  funds 

6-ybk. 


130 


NBW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 


cure  applied,  in  whole  or  in  part,  to  the  establishment  of  scholar- 
ships or  in  aid  of  local  district  high  schools  or  other  secondary 
schools. 

Income  and  Expenditure  of  Secondary  or  Superior  Schools. 

A  summary  of  the  accounts  of  income  and  expenditure  for  the 
year  1904,  as  furnished  by  the  governing  bodies  of  the  secondary 
or  superior  schools  in  the  colony,  shows  the  total  receipts  to 
have  been  £87,720.  To  this  total,  rents  of  reserves  contributed 
£23,382 ;  interest  on  investments,  and  other  receipts  from  endow- 
ments, £7,953  ;  fees,  £35,265 ;  Government  payment  for  technical 
instruction,  £449 ;  for  free  places,  £10,006 ;  and  miscellaneous, 
£10,665. 

The  total  expenditure  amounted  to  £86,901,  of  which  sum  office 
management  and  expenses  absorbed  £2,987 ;  teachers'  salcuries, 
£44,486 ;  scholarships  and  prizes,  £2,201  ;  buildings,  furniture,  in- 
surance, rates,  and  rent,  &c.,  £17,051  ;  and  other  expenditure, 
£20,176. 

A  summary  of  the  accounts  for  the  year  1904,  exhibiting  further 
details,  is  given  below  :  — 


To 


Secondary  ob  Supe 

Rfceipta. 

£        s.    d. 

Credit    balances    on    Ist 

January,  lii04 

31.572    3  10 

Endowment  reserves  sold 

and   moitgage   moneys 

repaid... 

3.993    6    3 

Rent  of  reserves 

23,381  15    4 

Interest  on    moneys   in- 

vested ... 

3.959    8  10 

Reserves  Commissioners' 

payments 

4,710  13  11 

Government  payments— 

For  technical  instruction 

449    7    7 

For  free  places 

10,005  15    8 

School  fees  (tuition) 

27,46:5  12    8 

Boarding-school  fees 

7,H)1  17  10 

Books,  Ac,  sold,  and  re- 

funds... 

247  13    6 

Sundries  not  classified   ... 

5,706    7    5 

Debit  balances,  31st  De- 

cember, 19J4    ... 

2,153    6    8 

£121.44')    9    r> 

RiOR  Schools,  1904. 

Expenditure.  £       s.  d. 
By  Liabilities  on  Ist  January, 

1904       1,106    9  10 

Expenses  of  management  2,967    7    0 

Scho)]  salaries    ...           ...  44,4&;  18    6 

Boarding-school  accounts  7,036  18    6 

Examination  expenses   ...  396  15    0 

Scholarships  and  prizes  ...  2,900  12    7 
Printing,  stationery,  Juel, 

light,  <k.- 3,774    7    1 

BuildingR,    furniture,    in- 
surance, rent,  and  rates  17,050  15  10 
Expenditure    on    endow- 

men  8 5,283  11    0 

Interest   ...           ...           ...  896  17    4 

Sundries  not  classified    ...  2,767    7    B 
Credit  balances,  Slst  De- 
cember. 1904     ...           ...  33,436    9    5 


£121,445    9    6 


District  High  Schools. 
Besides  1,595  qualified   pupils  receiving  free  tuition  at  second- 
ary schools,  there  were  2,291  pupils  receiving  secondary  education 
in  secondary  classes  belonging  to'  the   district  high  schools  at  the 
end  of  the  year  1904. 

A  table  is  given  showing  the  number  of  qualified  pupils  attending 
these  district  high  schools  on  the  31st  December,  1904— viz.,  2,330. 


DI8TBI0T  HIGH   SCHOOLS. 


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182 


ISTRW    ggALAND   OPFICIAL    TSAR-BOOE, 


It  will  be  noticed  that  there  is  a  substantial  increase  in  the 
rnmber  of  pupils  during  the  year  1901  who  received  free  insiruction 
in  secondary  subjects,  and  that  the  schools  performing  the  function 
increased  from  50  to  52  in  number. 

New  Zealand  Ukivkrsity. 

The  introduction  of  university  education  into  New  Zealand  was 
effected  by  the  Superintendent  and  Provincial  Council  of  Otago, 
who  in  1869  passed  an  Ordinance  under  which  the  University  of 
Otago  was  established.  Following  closely  on  the  founding  of  this 
institution  was  the  establishment  of  the  University  of  New  Zea- 
land under  an  Act  of  the  General  Assembly,  **  The  New  Zealand 
University  Act,  ]870/'  This  University  Bubsequently  received  a 
Boyal  charter,  whereby  the  degrees  which  it  confers  are  declared 
entitled  to  "rank,  precedence,  and  consideration"  throughout  the 
British  Empire  "  as  fully  as  if  the  said  degrees  had  been 
conferred  by  any  university  of  the  United  Kingdom/*  It  was 
apparently  contemplated  by  Parhament  (vide  section  19  of  the 
Act  last  quoted)  that  the  New  Zealand  University  and  the  Otago 
University  should  be  amalgamated  ;  but  the  negotiations  for  this 
purpose  having  failed  the  two  institutions  remained  for  some  time 
distinct  bodies.  In  the  year  1874»  however,  the  University  of  Otago 
surrendered  or  put  in  abeyance  its  power  of  conferring  degrees,  and 
became  aliiliated  to  the  University  of  New  Zealand,  and  at  the 
same  time  it  was  stipulated  that  the  University  of  New  Zealand 
should  not  directly  exercise  functions  of  teaching. 

"  The  New  Zealand  University  Act,  1874,"  which  repealed  the 
statute  of  1870,  gave  power  to  the  Senate  to  confer,  after  examina- 
tion, the  several  degrees  of  Bachelor  and  Master  in  Arts,  Bachelor 
and  Doctor  in  Law,  Science,  Medicine,  Music,  and  also  in  such 
other  departments  of  knowledge,  except  theology,  as  might  be  deter- 
mined by  the  said  Senate  in  tfie  future. 

By  statute  passed  in  1904  further  powers  were  given  to  confer 
the  degrees  of  Doctor  of  Literature ;  Master  of  Laws;  Master  of 
Surgery  ;  Master  of  Science  ;  and  Bachelor,  Master,  and  Doctor  of 
(a)  Veterinary  Science,  (b)  Dental  Surgery,  [c]  Engineering  (Mechan- 
iciih  Electrical,  Civil,  Mming,  Metallurgical,  Naval  Architecture) ; 
(d)  Agriculture,  (e)  Pubhc  Health,  (/)  Commerce. 

Powers  are  granted  to  confer  also  ad  eiinJefu  degrees. 

In  1902  an  Amendment  Act  was  passed  reconstituting  the  Senate, 
which  now  consists  of  twenty-four  members  or  Fellows,  five  to  be 
elected  by  each  of  the  four  University  College  districts — that  is  to 
say,  two  by  each  governing  body,  two  by  each  District  Court  of 
Convocation,  and  one  by  each  Professorial  Board.  The  reomioing 
four  members  are  nominated  by  the  Governor  in  Council 

In  the  year  1873  the  Superintendent  and  Provincial  Council  of 
Canterbury  passed  an  Ordinance  for  founding  **The  Canterbury 
College,"  and  the  college  was  accordingly  established  with  the 
same  standard  of  university  education  as   that   of  the  University 


NEW   ZBAIiAND   UNIVERSITY.  133 

of  Otago,  but  without  the  power  of  conferring  degrees.  It  was 
affiliated  to  the  University  of  New  Zealand. 

In  December,  1878,  a  Boyal  Commission  on  University  and 
Secondary  Education  was  appointed  by  the  Governor,  which  met  in 
July,  1879,  and  reported  that  two  colleges,  with  an  income  of  £4,000 
each,  ought  to  be  established  in  Auckland  and  Wellington,  and  that 
suitable  buildings,  at  a  cost  of  £12,500  each,  should  be  erected  in 
those  cities.  In  the  following  year  the  Koyal  Commission  repeated 
these  recommendations. 

•*  The  Auckland  University  College  Act,  1882,"  which  became 
law  on  the  13th  September  in  that  year,  definitely  established  the 
college,  and  endowed  it  with  a  statutory  grant  of  £4,000  per  annum. 
By  *•  The  Auckland  University  College  Reserves  Act,  1885,"  three 
blocks  of  land,  containing  about  10,000  acres  each,  and  a  block 
containing  about  354  acres,  which  had  been  devoted  to  the  purpose 
of  promoting  higher  education  in  the  Province  of  Auckland,  became 
vested  in  the  Council  of  the  University  College. 

The  Auckland  University  College  was  affiliated  to  the  University 
of  New  Zealand  by  the  Senate  of  the  University  on  the  6th  March, 
1883,  and  on  the  21st  May  in  the  same  year  the  college  was  opened 
by  the  Governor. 

Nothing  was  done  for  Wellington  until  the  year  1894,  when  an 
Act  was  passed  entitled  "The  Middle  District  of  New  Zealand 
University  College  Act,  1894,"  which  said,  *'  There  shall  be  esta- 
blished in  the  City  of  Wellington  a  college  to  be  connected  with  the 
University  of  New  Zealand,"  and  provision  was  made  for  a  governing 
body  to  be  called  the  Council,  but  no  provision  was  made  for  any 
pecuniary  grant  nor  any  endowment,  and,  though  certain  members  of 
the  Council  were  appointed,  nothing  could  be  done  for  want  of  funds. 

Not  until  1897  were  the  needs  of  Wellington  actually  attended  to. 
In  the  session  of  Parliament  that  year  the  Right  Hon.  Mr.  Seddon, 
P.C,  Premier  of  the  colony,  introduced  the  Victoria  College  Act :  an 
Act,  as  stated  in  the  preamble,  **  to  promote  higher  education  by 
the  establishment  of  a  college  at  Wellington  in  commemoration  of  the 
sixtieth  year  of  the  reign  of  Her  Majesty  Queen  Victoria,"  the  college 
being  intended  to  embrace  in  its  work  the  Provincial  Districts  of 
Wellington,  Taranaki,  Hawke'sBay,  Nelson,  Marlborough,  and  West- 
land.  The  Act  was  passed  on  the  22nd  December,  1897,  and  the 
Council  was  formed  as  provided  in  the  Act,  and  tlie  work  of 
organization  was  begun.  The  Act  provides  for  the  payment  out  of 
the  Consolidated  Fund  of  a  grant  of  £4,000  a  year,  and  also  requires 
the  Council  to  give  six  scholarships  each  year,  called  **  Queen's 
Scholarships,"  to  persons  of  either  sex  under  the  age  of  fourteen 
years,  upon  the  results  of  an  examination  under  such  conditions 
as  the  Council  may  provide.  The  Act  further  sets  apart  a  parcel 
of  land  4,000  acres  in  extent  in  the  Nukumaru  Survey  District 
(Wellington  Provincial  District)  as  an  endowment  for  the  College. 

The  Council  of  the  College  has  established  eight  chairs  :  classics, 
English,  mathematics   and   mathematical  physics,  chemistry    and 


KHW    eSALAim    OFFICIAL    TKAB-BOOS. 

physics,  biology,  law  (iwo),  and  modern  languages  ;  and  lecttirei 
in  mental  science,  history,  general  history,  and  political  econ 
It  is  intended  as  fxinds  allow  to  add  other  subjects. 

The  New^  Zealand  University  is  not  a  teaching  body,  as  above 
explained,  undergraduates  hitherto  for  the  most  part  keeping  their 
terms  at  one  or  other  of  the  aflQliated  institutions — the  Auckland 
University  College,  the  Victoria  College,  the  Canterbury  College, 
and  the  University  of  Otago— each  of  which  has  now  a  staff  of 
professors  and  lecturers.  On  the  lat  June»  1905,  the  number  of 
graduates  who  had  obtained  direct  degrees  was  1,018, 

The  number  of  undergraduates  on  the  roll  of  the  University 
at  that  date  was  3,160  (exclusive  of  such  as  had  not  performed 
any  academical  act  for  a  period  of  ten  years),  but  only  1,761 
were  keeping  terms  {not  including  undergraduates  who  had 
not,  in  the  last  three  years,  entered  at  a  college  or  come  up  for 
ar.y  college  or  university  examination),  of  w^hora  1,167  were  males 
and  694  females.  One  hundred  and  eighty-six  of  the  males  and 
twenty- seven  of  the  females  were  medical  students.  The  numbers 
of  students  attending  lectures  at  the  affihated  institutions  during  the 
year  1904  were  as  follow  :  At  the  Auckland  University  College, 
12B  matriculated  and  84  non -matriculated ;  at  Canterbury  Col- 
lege^  210  matriculated  and  67  non'matricukited ;  at  the  Otago 
University.  257  matriculated  and  30  noti-matriculated.  The  Vic- 
toria College,  before  mentioned,  affords  further  facilities  for  uni- 
versity students,  and  in  June,  1905,  had  a  total  of  193  students 
on  the  roll — 174  matriculated  and  21  non-matrieulated. 

The  names  of  the  officers  forming  the  controihng  body  of  ibi 
New  Zealand  University  for  the  year  1905  were : — 

Visn-oB. 
Hb  Excellency  the  Governor. 

Univbrsitt  Officers. 
ChAnfellor  a908).  Sir  Robert  Stout,  K.O.M.G, 
Vice-Chan oellnr  (1903),  Charlea  Christopher  Bowen. 
Registrftr  (1899),  John  William  Joynt,  MA.,  Dublin, 
Assieiant- Registrar  (1904),  Barclay  Hector. 

Office:   WelliDgtoD, 


Firit  ap- 
poiatea. 
(•)  1871-    The 

10D8. 


The  Senate. 
First 


ReTerend     Jobo     Chapman 
Andrew,  M,A  ♦  Oxon, 
FrerlerJck      Eiirenfried      fiaume. 
LLH.  N,Z. 
(b)  iBg],    Charles  CbriBtopber  Bowen. 
(■)  1H83.    Frc*deriek    DouglaB    Brown,  M.A., 
B.Stv,  Oxnn. 
1S77.    JohD     Macinillau     Brown,    M.A., 

ISKKI     Jolui  l^ankino  Brown.  M,A.,  0%ou 
(t)  1908.    Th«  Itc'verend  Andrew  Canieron, 
B.A.RZ. 


pointpda. 
1904. 

i9oa, 
(•)  lesj. 

190:4. 
1908 


William    Kdwftrd    CoIIine,    If-B.. 

Loud.;  M,R.C.8.,  EnR. 
Charles  Henry  Herbert  Cook,  M.A., 

CiiDlab. 
Tbe     Reverend     William   Albert 

Evans. 
Frederick    Fitebett,   If.A.,   LKD^ 

Renrv    Awdrew    Oordon,    ¥,QM. 

A  M  T  C  £ 
Janae*  Hay/W.A.,  IiIi,B,»  N.Z 
Oeorige  Hoflben.  M.A.,  CanUb, 


l»)  Retired  (in  acoordaace  with  the  Act)  Id  1908,  r«-e)ectei]  1903.  (b)  nelir«id 

leSi,  rtt-elected  ia  1688;  retirod  <izi  acGordanoe  with  tha  Aot)  in  1903.  re-ete«ted  1900, 


PRIVATB   AND   DENOMINATIONAL   SCHOOLS. 


135 


Thb  Ssnatb — continued. 


flrttap* 
poiated. 

h)1901.    ltieluurdCockbnrnHaclaarin,M.A.. 
LL.D.,  C*otob..  M.A.,  N.Z. 
1903.    William    CbiBbolm    Wilson    Mc- 
Dowell, B.A.,  M.B..  CM..  Bdin. 
(•)  1879.    Sir  George  Maurice  O  Rorke,  Kt., 
M.A..  LL.D .  Dnblin. 
Oeoroe  Sunuel  Sale,  M.A.,  Cantab. 
The  Ueverend  William  Salmond. 
M»A..  D.D.,  Bdin. 


t»)iada 


First  ap- 
pointed. 
(«)  1890.    Jobn  Halliday  Soott,  M.D.,  Edln.: 

M.K.C.8..  EnR.;  P.K.H.B. 
1903.    Bobert  Julian   Scott,  M.Inst.C.B.. 

M.Inst.M.E..  A  A  I.E.E. 
(•)  1877.    John  Shand,  M.A.,  LL  D.,  Aberd. 
(«)  1884.    Sir  liobert  Stout.  K.C.M.Q. 

1003.    Joseph  Aut^stus  Tole,  B.A.,  LL.B.. 

Sydney. 


(•)  Beiired  (in  accordance  with  the  Act)  in  1903,  re-elected  19(13. 


Pkivatb  and  Denominational  Schools. 

There  were  295  private  schools  in  the  colony  at  the  end  of  1904, 
an  increase  of  7  on  the  number  in  1903 :  30  were  for  boys,  77  for 
girls,  and  188  for  children  of  both  sexes.  The  number  of  pupils  at- 
tending them  was  16,378 — namely,  6,785  boys  and  9,593  girls,  not 
conn  ting  67  Maoris,  36  boys  and  31  girls.  The  number  of  Euro- 
pean pupils  at  these  schools  was  greater  than  in  1903  by  769.  Of 
the  private  schools,  149  were  Roman  Catholic,  with  an  attendance 
of  11,373  pupils. 

The  following  gives,  for  the  past  ten  years,  the  number  of  private 
schools  and  of  Europeans  attending  them,  the  number  of  Boman 
Catholic  schools  and  pupils  being  also  shown  separately  : — 


Year. 


Number 

of 
Private 
Schools. 


Pupils. 


Included  in  Previous 
I  Numbers. 


Boys. 


1895  . . 

298 

6,187 

1896  . . 

283 

5,845 

1897  . . 

278 

5,974 

1898  . . 

294 

6,043 

1899  . . 

307 

6,219 

1900  . . 

304 

6,152 

1901   . . 

309 

6,244 

1902   . . 

297 

6,451 

1903   . . 

288 

6,406 

1901  . . 

295 

6,785 

Oirls. 

8,472 
8,102 
8,473 
8.789 
9,076 
9,403 
9,100 
9,173 
9,204 
9,593 


Totals.      I    Schools 


Pupils  at 
catholic   I   »Xllc 


lioinan 


Schools. 


14,659 
13,947 
14,447 
14,782 
15,295 
15,555 
15,344 
15,624 
15,609 
16,378 


114 
115 
120 
124 
133 
132 
129 
139 
139 
149 


10,458 
I  9,590 
I  9,642 
I  10,175 
;  10,526 
I  10,687 
!  10,448 
j  10,802 
;  10,812 
I  11,373 


The  total  number  of  children  of  European  d ascent  (including 
such  half-castes  as  live  among  Europeans)  known  to  be  receiving 
education  at  school  at  the  end  of  1904  was  154,885 ;  of  these, 
146,383  were  from  5  to  15  years  of  age.  The  census  showed  also 
5,055  children  receiving  tuition  at  home  in  1901,  against  6,352 
in  1896.  No  doubt  increased  school  accommodation  in  country 
places  does  away  with  the  need  for  tutors  and  governesses  to  a 
certain  extent. 

The  distribution  of  the  private  schools  in  tlie  various  provincial 
districts  of  the  colony  is  shown  in  the  next  page : — 


136 


NBW    ZBALAUD   OFFIOIAL   llAR-BOOll. 


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SCHOOLS  FOB  NATIVES. 


137 


Schools  for  Natives. 

The  nomber  of  Native  village  schools  in  operation  at  the  end  of 
1904  either  supported  or  subsidised  by  the  Government  was  100. 
In  addition,  there  were  six  boarding-schools  for  Native  children, 
the  cost  of  whose  maintenance  was  partly  paid  either  by  the  Govern- 
ment or  from  endowments,  and  three  private  Native  day-schools. 

At  the  five  boarding-schools,  St.  Stephen's  and  Te  Ante  for  boys, 
and  Hukarere,  St.  Joseph's,  and  Victoria  Schools  for  girls,  the 
Government  offers  113  scholarships,  tenable  for  two  years,  for  child- 
ren of  predominantly  Maori  race  who  pass  the  Fourth  Standard 
at  the  Maori  village  schools.  At  the  end  of  the  year  91  of  these 
places  were  occupied,  36  by  boys,  and  55  by  girls. 

Maori  children  attending  public  schools  who  pass  the  Fifth 
Standard  before  reaching  the  age  of  fifteen  may  obtain  allowances 
of  £20  a  year  to  enable  them  to  attend  a  secondary  school  or  to 
enter  upon  industrial  pursuits.  There  are  seven  scholars  receiving 
higher  education  and  two  boys  serving  apprenticeships  under  these 
conditions. 

The  number  of  Maori  children  attending  schools  during  the 
fourth  quarter  of  1904  was  6,079 — namely,  3,453  males  and  2,626 
females.  These  included  312  half-castes  at  the  Native  village 
schools  who  were  living  as  members  of  Maori  tribes,  and  257  at 
pabhc  European  schools. 

The  numbers  at  the  several  schools  in  1903  and  1904  were  as 
under : — 


Schools. 


I   Total  of  both 
Soxos. 


1903. 


At  public  European  schools      . .  1,183 

Ai  Native  village  schools  . .  1 ,  847 
At  subsidised  or  endowed  board- ' 

ing-schools  . .  . .  117 
At  private  European  or  Native  ' 

schools . .                 . .             . .  107 


Maori  Cbildreu  attending  Schools. 
Boys.  !  Girls. 

190J.  1001 

867 


1901. 


1903, 


Totals  ..3,254 


1,333 

1,855  j  1,451  ,  1,470 

166    134    127 


99 


6i 


3,453      2,515     2,626 


6,079 


There  was  thus,  in  1904,  an  increase  of  199  in  the  number 
of  Maori  boys,  and  111  in  the  number  of  Maori  girls,  attending 
school. 

Seventy-two  out  of  the  100  Native  village  schools  in  opera- 
tion on  Slst  December,  1904,  were  under  the  charge  of  masters 
and  twenty  under  mistresses,  and  one  under  the  joint  control  of 
a  master  and  mistress ;  there  were  besides  eighty-four  assistants, 
and  eleven  sewing-mistresses.  The  salaries  paid  to  the  head  teachers 
range  from  £80  to  £264  and  those  for  assistants  and  sewing- mis* 
tresses  from  a  nominal  sum  to  £50. 


18H  K£W    ZSALAHD   OFFIOUL   lEAR-BDOK. 

The  net  expenditure  on  Native  schools  for  1904  was  as  follows: 
Teachers*  salaries  aod  allowances,  £16,070  17s.  9d,  ;  teachers'  re- 
moval allo'watices,  £419  13s.  2d.  ;  books  and  school  rexjuisites, 
£723  lis.  lOd.  ;  repairs  and  small  works,  £651  Ss.  5d.  ;  inspec- 
tion. £520  16s.  8d. ;  travelling-expenses  of  Inspectors,  £295  13s.  Id.  . 
boarding-schools  *  scholarships,  and  apprenticeship  charges  £2»307 
18b,  ;  bniidings,  fencing,  furniture,  &c.,  £3/272  13s,  lid* ;  technical- 
instruction  classes,  £185  Ss.  ;  model  kainga,  £125  28.  lOd. ;  sun- 
dries, £308  lis,  3d.:  total,  £24.881  9s.  lid. 


ScHObABSHlPS. 

Na  tional  Sc  kolars  hip  $  * 

An  Act  to  encourage  higher  education  in  New  Zealand  by  t^ 
granting  of  National  Scholarships  was  passed  in  1903,  and  has  since 
been  incorporated  in  '*  The  Education  Act,  1904/*  Provision  is  made 
for  the  establishment  of  junior  and  senior  scholarships,  the  necessary 
funds  being  furnished  by  the  Colonial  Treasurer. 

A  junior  scholarship  is  ofilered  in  each  education  district  for 
every  five  thousand  or  part  of  five  thousand  children  in  average 
yearly  attendance,  tenable  for  three  years,  with  an  extension  of  one 
year  under  certain  conditions.  The  value  of  a  junior  scholarship 
is  £10  per  annum  in  addition  to  tuition  fees.  Candidates  must  be 
under  fourteen  years  of  age.  A  scholarship  shall  not  be  awarded 
to  or  held  by  any  child  whose  parents  are  in  receipt  of  a  net  annual 
income  exceeding  £250. 

Four  senior  National  Scholarships  are  offered  in  each  university 
district  to  persons  of  either  sex  under  nineteen  years  of  age  who 
have  been  holders  of  junior  scholarships  or  Education  Board 
scholarships,  and  will  be  awarded  on  the  result  of  the  junior 
scholarship  examination  of  the  University.  The  value  of  a  senior 
scholarship  is  £20  per  annum  in  addition  to  tuition  fees,  and  it  is 
tenable  for  three  years. 

Where  the  holder  of  a  junior  or  senior  National  Scholarship  is 
obliged  to  live  away  from  home  in  order  to  prosecute  his  or  her 
studies  an  additional  sum  of  £30  per  annum  shall  be  paid. 


Queen* s  Scholar$hips, 

"  The  Queen's  Scholarships  Act,  1903,'*  provides  for  the  ei 
blishment  in  connection  with  the  Victoria  College,  and  out  of  its 
funds,  six  junior  aod  four  senior  scholarships,  each  tenable  for  three 
years,  but  an  extension  of  one  year  can  be  obtained  under  certain 
conditions  in  the  case  of  junior  scholarships.  Each  junior  scholar* 
ship  is  valued  at  £10  per  annum  in  addition  to  tuition  fees,  and  the 
holder  of  each  senior  scholarship  is  entitled  to  receive  £20  per 
annum.  In  both  cases  an  additional  £30  per  annum  is  paid  if 
bolder  is  obliged  to  live  away  from  home. 


th? 


ii^P 


INDUSTRIAL   SCHOOLS. 


139 


Education  Board  Scholar shivs. 
Particulars  of  the  scholarships  and  the  expenditure  of  the  Boards 
thereon  in  1904  are  given  in  detail. 


I|g" 

^2 

Boards' 

Edacation 
Districts. 

Boys. 

Girls. 

1 

Expenditure 
on  Scholar- 

Annual Value,  fto. 

!•§« 

|h 

ships  in  1904. 

Tears. 

£     s.  d. 

AneklaJid             ... 

85 

66 

19 

3 

1.841    7  11 

10  at  £30.  22  at  £25,  17  at 
£20.  36  at  £15. 

Taranaki 

11 

8 

8 

Varies 

283    2    0 

6  at  t^o,  1  at  £2J  10s..  4  at 
£10. 

W&nganui 

96 

34 

11 

Varies 

737  13    3 

14  at  £}0, 11  at  £15. 

Welliogton 

SB 

15 

23 

2 

910  12    0 

8  at  £:i5,  2  at  £  18  188.,  1  at 
£17.  ^  at  il5. 

Hawke's  Bay 

ao 

14 

16 

2 

498    1    2 

2  at  £40,  4  at  £:«  4b.,  7  at 
£:«,  1  at  £22  108..  1  at 
£12. 5  at  £10  48.,!  at  £10. 
4  at  18  Ps  .  5  at  £2  2s. 

Uarlborongh 

6 

2 

6 

2 

155    0    0 

3  at  £35.  .5  at  £10. 

KelMn 

17 

10 

7 

2 

377    6    0 

3  at  £.50  108..  3  Nt  £40. 2  at 
£25.  9  at  £1  5s. 

Cray       

4 

1 

3 

Varies 

64  10    0 

1  at  £2^  2  at  £2  >.  I  at  £8. 

Weatiand 

6 

3 

2 

2 

60    0    0 

2  at  £24. 1  at  £12.  2  at  £4. 

North  Canterbury 

as 

17 

19 

2 

l,2;i6  10    6 

22  at  £4(1.  14  Ht  £20. 

Sontb  Canterbury 

24 

16 

8 

2 

336  19  10 

9  ar  £.2-2  I0«.,  1  at  £13  lOa., 
14  at  £7  1"8. 

Otago      

51 

S3 

18 

Varies 

1.114    8    4 

5  at  (40, 1  at  £15.  5  at  £:M, 
2  at  £2.->.  Mat  £20,  8  at 
£15.  fi  at  £.2  10s.,  11  at 
£7  lOs. 

Southland 

20 

16 

4 

2 

615  11    9 

15  at  £35.  5  at  £15. 

Totals.  1904  ... 

354 

210 

144 

... 

8,260    1    9 

Totals.  1903  ... 

350 

203 

147 

8,550    4    0 

Industrial  Schools. 
In  December,  1904,  the  total  number  on  the  books  of  all  the 
industrial  schools  was  1,918,  or  9  more  than  at  tlie  close  of  the 
yeax  1903.  On  the  books  of  the  Government  industrial  schools 
there  were  1,387,  an  increase  of  21  over  the  corresponding  number 
for  1903 ;  on  the  books  of  the  private  industrial  schools  there  were 
531,  or  12  less  than  at  the  end  of  the  previous  year.  Tiie  number 
in  residence  at  Government  schools  was  299,  and  at  private  indus- 
trial schools  304,  so  that  603  was  the  total  number  of  "inmates'* 
actually  in  residence.  The  number  boarded  out  was  548,  8  being 
from  private  schools  and  the  rest  from  Government  schools.  There 
were  7  girls  maintained  in  various  correcuve  institutions,  2  girls  in 
cottage  homes,  3  boys  at  the  School  for  Deaf-mutes,  Sumner,  and 
9  boys  at  the  Gostley  Training  Institution,  Auckland.  The  total 
number  of  inmates  dependent  on  the  schools  for  maintenance  was 
therefore  1,172,  or  37  more  than  the  number  at  the  end  of  1903. 
The  remaining  746,  although  still  subject  to  control  and  suoervision, 
were  not  dependent  on  the  schools  for  maintenance.  They  may 
be  classified  as  follows :  Licensed  to  reside  witii  friends,  178  ;  at 
service,  494;  in  hospital,  4;  in  lunatic  asylum,  5;  in  the  Gostley 
Training  Institution,  Auckland,  3 ;  in  other  institutions,  lo ;  in 
gaol,  3 ;  absent  without  leave,  44 — namely,  29  from  service,  13  tioiu 
the  schools,  and  2  from  friends. 


140 


NEW   ZBALAND   OFFICIAL  YBAH-BOOK. 


The  cost  of  the  Government  industrial  schools  and  the  amount 
recovered  (from  Charitable  Aid  Boards,  from  parents,  from  sale  of 
farm-produce,  &c.)  are  next  shown : — 

Ck)ST  OF  QOVSBNMSNT  INDUSTRIAL  SCHOOLS,   1904. 


Boardingout. 
Rohna\                  <^o*^    ^f         (Included 
^"**°*-           1       School.             inflrst 
oolunin). 

Salaries.     | 
flnt  colnnmOj 

Net  Cost. 

.       e.   a. 
Auckland          ..     2,236    9    9 
Levin               ..     4,606    1  10 
Burnham         ..     6,043    0    4 
Oaveraham      ...  9,340  11    8 
TeOraogaHome    1,315    3    9 
Receiving  Home,   3,739    8    4 

Weliiogton 
Receiving  Home,   3,327  17    7 

Christchurch 

£     B.'    d. 
1,142    2    5 

3,280'il    9 
2,619  *7    6 
2,229  12    4 

1 

£     B.    d.      £       B.    d. 

360    5    01.026    7  11 

206  14    8     704     1     5 

1,902  12    3     559  15    4 

1,529    9    4  4,172    7     4 

484    7    9       61  18  10 

310    3    01,966    2    8 

351    3  10|1,174    7     1 

! 

J       a.    d. 

1,210    1  10 
8,902    0    5 
5,483  11    0 
5,174     4    4 
1,253    9  11 
1,773    5    8 

2,158  10    6 

Totals        ..   30,614  19    3 

9,271  14    0 

5,144  15  10 

9,664  15 

7 

20,950  3    8 

Salaries  and   expenses   of  Asi 

Officers 
Travelling-expenses  of  manage 
Refund  of  inmates'  earnings 
Contingencies 

listant  In»p 
rs  and  otben 

Mtors  and    Viiitmg 
I,. 

£ 

1,839    4    3 

112  19    8 
101     6    3 

113  9    7 

Total  net  cost    . . 

23.117     3    5 

There  were  six  Government  industrial  schools  in  existence  in 
1904,  and  the  numbers  of  inmates  on  their  books  at  the  end  of  the 
year  were  as  follows  :  Auckland,  135 ;  Receiving  Home,  Welling- 
ton, 195 ;  Receiving  Home,  Christchurch,  236 ;  Burnham,  231 ;  Te 
Oranga  Home,  63;  Caversham,  527:  total,  1,387.  Those  belong- 
ing to  private  industrial  schools  were  distributed  as  follows :  St. 
Mary's,  Auckland,  135;  St.  Joseph's,  WeUington,  69;  St.  Mary's, 
Nelson,  280;  St.  Vincent  de  Paul's,  Dunedin,  47 :  total,  531. 

The  next  table  shows  payments  made  by  the  Government  on 
account  of  inmates  in  private  industrial  schools,  the  recoveries,  and 
the  net  expenditure  by  the  Government.  The  contributions  from 
Charitable  Aid  Boards  to  these  schools,  being  made  directly  to  the 
managers,  are  not  included  in  the  recoveries  shown. 

QOVEKNMENT    EXPENDITURE   ON    PRIVATE    INDUSTRIAL   SCHOOLS   (B.C.),    1904. 


School. 

1 

j      Payments. 

1 

1 
Becoveriee. 

NetBzi>enditiix»by 

St.  Mary's,  Auckland  . . 

St.  Joseph's,  Wellington 

St.  Mary's,  Nelson 

St.  Vincent  de  Paul's,  Dunedin 

£        8.    d. 
1,204  15     0 

328     0     0 

1,137     1     9 

81     3    6 

£       8.     d. 
130  19     0 

57     6  10 
379     8     0 

26     7    0 

£        8.    d. 

1,078  16    0 

270  13    2 

757  13    9 

54  16    6 

Totals      . . 

2,751     0    3 

594    0  10 

2,156  19    5 

INDUSTRIAL    SCHOOLS. 


141 


During  1904  inmates  were  maintained  in  eight  other  institutions, 
and  the  expenditure  on  this  account  was  as  follows :  Gostley  Train- 
ing Institution,  Auckland,  £170  12s. ;  Miss  M.  Duffs  Home,  Auck- 
land, £10;  St.  Mary's  Home,  Otahuhu,  £12  128.  lOd. ;  Mission 
Home,  Jerusalem,  Wanganui  (Mother  Aubert's),  £31  4s. ;  Levin 
Memorial  Home,  Wellington,  £13  4s.  5d. ;  Miss  E.  Knott's  Home, 
Christchurch,  £17  15s.  8d. ;  Miss  C.  Sloane's  Home,  Ghristchurch, 
£1  58.;  Mount  Magdala,  Christchurch,  £128  18s.;  Rhodes's 
Convalescent  Home,  Ghristchurch,  £1  128.  6d. ;  Avon  Pine  Sana- 
torium, Christchurch,  £80  14s.  Id. ;  Salvation  Army  Maternity 
Home,  Christchurch,  £17  ;  Gordon  Street  Refuge,  Ghristchurch,  £3  ; 
Nursing  Hospital,  10s.  6d. 

In  the  Government  schools  the  policy  is  to  board  out  all  children 
of  suitable  age  and  character.  The  authorities  of  the  private 
schools  do  not  as  a  rule  adopt  the  boarding-out  system. 

The  total  number  of  inmates  of  the  private  and  Government 
industrial  schools  is  given  for  the  years  1903  and  1904,  and  the 
variations  in  the  numbers  boarded  out,  in  residence,  or  at  ser- 
vice : — 


ImCATBS, 

1908 

AND   1904. 

Boarded  out.  jin  Residence.'     A*  ^Jf^*^®' 

Totala. 

-^■^ 

i 

1 

1 

'^- 1  '^- 

f   i 

-  ■'      " 

i 

i 

i' 

i  1 

1 

i 

i 

f-i 

1 

1 

lii 

n  1  a 

1,1 

1" 

1    1 

GoTArnment 

1 

[    '      1      1      ' 

■ 

1 

Bchoolt— 

1      , 

Aoeiclatid 

63 

m  < 

u 

98 

,.  ./  28    iO     3'   ...  13 

131      4 

..      135 

Hcc^ivingHoiDe. 

185 

81 

•  • 

166 

,  ^ 

1  ..      r  31    .,'    3 

28 

166^  29 

.        195 

VVellingtoEi 

1     1 

1 

Te  OtArgi  Home, 

, , 

»♦ 

•  1 

*  > 

31 

9 

,   '  iC'  25    ...     2 

23 

56,     1 

.,        63 

Chri«Ecbiiroh 

' 

1 

B  «  e  «  i  T  i  n  g  130 

m   , 

131 

10 

, , 

%  %\  m,  .:   2 

97| 

239'  .. 

3,   aae 

H^ietfl.Climt' 

J     * 

1 

churob 

i     i 

Barnham 

2 

1 

1 

m 

7 

..    99168    ..    27 

131 

2fi2    .. 

23      231 

CftTer»ham      *  * 

I7f 

176;i37 

.Jifjsaaoa,  i8|  ,, 

226i 

522,     6 

. .      527 

Priiftto  Scb 00 li- 

1     .        ■         ;         1 

, 

st.  MiJ7*flf  Auck 
St,  Joaephy 

*; 

.. 

■  • 

., 

83|.,,  s!  78   48'     Ol   .. 

1     J     1       > 

57! 

131.     4| 

.,       \B5 

., 

« * 

^^ 

•  ■ 

34'„I  6<  39;  ^6'   ..i    5 

*i' 

80    .. 

IJ        69 

WeUIngton 

i 

St.  Mmij\  N«l. 

1 

9 

»» 

3160;  7|..  167,130    ..    20 

tio 

291    .. 

n    2^0 

son 

III' 

St.   Vmotnt  d« 

4 

,  , 

5   as   6..    31    12    ..      1(  11 

41      6 

,.        47 

Pftui*«,    Dun- 

.     ,                    1 

tain 

.     '     '                   1      1 

1             1        .      _ 

Total!      .< 

612 

B1 

1 

6486C0W*27  60:^797    BO   ^►7C7l,9mJ  55 

1       '                1                           1 

4ti  1,918 

142  iTMW  svalaHd  official  tsah-book* 

Institute  for  the  Blind* 

The  Jubilee  Institute  for  the  Blind  at  Auckland  ia  a  private  in- 
Btifcutiou,  and  not  in  any  way  under  Government  control.  Being,  how- 
ever, a  **  separate  institution  "*  under  the  Hospitals  ami  Charitable 
Institutions  Acts^  it  receives  a  subsidy  at  the  rate  of  24s.  in  ihe  pound 
upon  the  voluntary  contributions  raised  bv  the  Trustees,  and,  in  addi- 
tion»  payment  is  made  to  it  by  the  Eiiucation  Department  on  account 
of  pupils  for  whose  tuition  the  Department  ia  responsible.  The  Trus^ 
tees  have  received,  at  various  times,  other  grants  in  aid  of  buildings. 
The  total  amount  paid  on  account  of  Govern nie^it  pupils  during  the 
year  1904  was  £428  lt>8.  lOd,  The  Department  also  paid  £23  for 
the  separate  tuition  of  a  pupil  in  Christcburch ;  £102  IQs.  was  re- 
covered from  parents  and  others.  The  numl>er  of  Government 
pupils  at  the  end  of  1903  was  22  ;  2  of  these  left  during  the  year 
1904,  and  4  w^ere  admitted;  the  number  of  such  pupils  at  the  close 
of  the  last  year  was  accordingly  24. 

School  for  Deaf'Vmtes. 

The  roll  of  this  school  includes  all  the  known  deaf-mutes  of 
gchool  age  and  of  sound  intellect  m  the  colony  wlio  have  been 
brought  under  the  notice  of  the  Education  Department. 

The  inclusion  in  the  School  Attendance  Act  of  1901  of  provisions 
dealing  with  blind  and  deaf  children  marks  an  important  step  in  the 
education  of  these  unfortunate  members  of  the  community.  Hitherto 
many  parents,  either  through  carelessness  or  wdfully,  have  neglected 
to  Bend  such  children  to  the  institutions  maintained  for  their  special 
instruction  ;  but  now  the  Minister  of  Education  has  the  power  to 
enforce  attendance,  due  provision  being  made  for  a  contribution 
by  parents  towards  the  cost  of  maintenance  or  for  free  adroission 
where  parents  are  not  in  a  position  to  contribute.  The  imme- 
diate consequence  is  an  unusual  increase  in  the  number  of  can- 
didates for  a»lmission  to  the  Sumner  School  for  Deaf*  mutes. 
The  number  in  residence  at  the  end  of  1901  was  thn^ty-six  boys 
and  twenty-nine  girls,  or  two  boys  more  and  one  girl  less  than  at 
the  end  of  1903. 

The  method  of  instruction  used  at  Sumner  is  the  oral  method, 
in  favour  of  which  there  is  a  vast  predorniimnce  of  expert  opinion, 

As  regards  the  adoption  of  that  system,  the  Minister  of  Educa- 
tion remarks,  *'  It  is  a  matter  for  cont^*ratuIation  that  this  colony 
from  the  first  adopted  the  oral  method  of  teaching,  m  which  children 
are  taught  to  converse  by  watching  the  lips  of  others.  In  America, 
where  manna!  and  mixed  methods  were  at  first  largely  in  vogue, 
they  are  being  rapidly  discarded  in  favour  of  oral  instruction, 
and  New  Zealand  has  accordingly  been  saved  the  expense  and 
inconvenience  of  changing  from  inferior  systems  of  tieaf-muto 
education  to  that  which  is  now  almost  universally  admitted  to  be 
the  best,** 

Sundai/'Schools. 

The  returns  for  the  census  of  1901  showed  that  107,113  pupils 
^rere  aUeDdiug  Sunday-schools,  and  ihete  were  1L,299  teachers. 


^H  8UBSIDISRD   FUBLIO   LIBKABIBB.  143 

■  SC7BSIDI6BD   POBLIC   LIBRARIES,    1904-5-  | 

The  outnber  of  Jibraries  participating  in  the  vote  granted 
for  subsidies  shows  an  increase  of  fifteen  as  compared  with 
the  Dumt5er  aided  in  the  previous  year.  In  order  that  the  pur- 
pose intended  to  be  served  by  the  vote  may  be  attained,  it  is  made 
a  condition  for  participation  that  the  whole  of  the  subsidy  granted  to 
each  library'  in  the  previous  year  shall  have  been  expended  in  the 
purchase  of  books. 

The  number  of  libraries  subsidised  was  411 :  the  income  £13»604  ; 
amount  on  which  subsidy  calculated,  £17,402 ;  and  amount  of 
subsidy,  £3,000.  *  ^ 

SUPPLBMKKTAL  ;    TRAIKINO    OF   TEACHERS. 

Far  the  training  of  tefteherB,  Feconclarj  an<i  primary,  provision  has  been 
made  hy  tbe  efitabliflhtneiic  of  a  Don-reRidentiai  trai^iirg  colUge  in  each  of  the 
four  chief  cenires  of  popiilatic n— AucJsla^id,  Chrif«tc*iurch,  Dunedin.  and  WeU 
liDgton.  Trammg  ictitititiionR  for  primar}  te&cber-  have  for  many  years  been  in 
oreraiion  in  Chri^tchurch  and  Ducetii"*  satinlying  the  needs  in  thin  regard  of 
their  re^p«ctive  districts,  Biid  incidentally  of  the  colony.  Recendy,  tba  training 
arrangemenU  .of  the  colony  have  undt-rfone  reorganiicationf  a  more  liberal 
^  '^c  al  provi&ioii  has  bren  mti^e  by  PmliBmerit,  and  ts^o  additloDal  training 
jiiona  have  been  opentrd.     Grar»ts  for  new  buildinga  iifgently  required  for 

ing  purposes  in  Auckland  and  Wellington  have  been  voted  by  Parliamfiit; 

I  atd  towards  a  much-neeued  improvement  in  the  Rcconmnodau'oa  at  Duncdin 
I  active  etops  are  also  being  tfiken.  Tbe  four  training  colleges  now  in  operation 
I  are  calculated  to  pio\ide  adequale  meaiiB  of  training  on  modern  lioea  lor  a 
I  total  of  8120  students,  and  during  the  fir^t  qunrter  of  1906  220  stadenta  were 
B^petnally  in  attendance,  28  at  Auckland,  65  at  Chiibtchurcb,  74  at  Dunedin,  and 
HpB  at  \Vrllingt(>n. 

■™  Connected  with  each  training  college  is  a  normal  or  practieing  Bchool,  which 
inelndes,  besides  the  ordinFiry  olaBseit  of  a  pniilic  elementary  nohool,  a  model 
"country  **  school  of  forty  children  and  a  secondary  department*  The  secondary 
department  afiords  cpporiunitieB  of  prAciical  training  to  thoae  who  intend  to 
take  up  secondary  ^ork  either  in  the  bigb  schooli  or  in  the  upper  departmentB 
of  dktriei  high  Bchools. 

Aocordirg  to  the  regulatioDB  adopted,  students  of  a  training  college  take 
Etifliah  and  other  non-t^pecial  t'Ubjecte  at  the  univerBity  college,  and  attend 
Ucturefi  in  the  methods  of  teaching  nnd  in  tbe  history  and  principles  of  education, 
Qud«r  the  principal,  who  Ib  g**!  erally  also  by  appointment  Ihe  university  col- 
lege lecturer  in  education.  Every  one  is  required  to  take  up  at  least  one 
t»rat}ch  of  science,  special  attention  being  directed  to  nature-study  and  ele- 
meiiiary  agriculture;  and  baodwork  of  various  forme  suited  to  school  purposes 
^ao  receives  a  prominent  place  in  the  curricuium. 

A  papiUieaober  in  any  education  district  wlio  has  satisf  1.0 tori ly  completed 
kit  term  of  service  may  enter  at  the  training  college  most  convenient  for  hirn, 
tbe  complete  course  extending  over  two  yearn.  During  thiB  period  he  reoeivefi^ 
in  addition  to  the  amount  of  his  university  college  feei^,  a  sum  of  £30  a  year, 
with  a  further  allowance  of  £30  if  he  ir  GutnpeHed  to  live  awav  from  home  to 
attend  the  college.  Advantages  not  qui'.e  mo  great  are  also  ojldred  to  otbor 
quadified  candidates  who  have  not  been  pupi^ teachers.  Others  again  may  be 
Bdmitted  for  longer  or  shorter  periods  akbuugh  they  may  for  Bome  time  hftve 
been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  trteir  profesfiion. 

Tbe  total  annual  cott  of  maintaining  the  four  training  collGgCB  Ih  approxi- 
tnatelj  £90,000,  a  sum  which  includes,  however,  the  cost  of  teaching  1,600  to 
1,800  children  in  the  practiaing  Bchools,  whose  instruction  would  otherwise  have 


■ 


to  be  provided  for. 


1 


SECTION   II.— LAW  AND  CRIME. 
Civil  Cases. 

Sittings  of  the  Supreme  Court  are  held  for  trial  of  ci^il  cases 
at  Auckland,  Gisborne,  New  Plymouth,  Napier,  Palmerston  North, 
Wellington,  and  Wanganui,  in  the  North  Island ;  and  at  Blenheim, 
Nelson,  Hokitika,  Christchurch,  Timaru,  Oamaru,  Dunedin,  and 
Invercargill,  in  the  Middle  Island. 

The  number  of  writs  of  summons  issued  in  the  Supreme  Court  in 
1904  was  536,  against  484  in  1903,  488  in  1902,  485  in  1901,  and 
414  in  1900.  The  number  of  civil  cases  tried  increased  from  209  in 
1903  to  222  in  1904.  Of  these  last,  40  were  tried  before  common 
juries,  10  by  special  jury,  and  172  by  Judge  without  jury.  The 
total  of  amounts  for  which  judgments  were  recorded  in  1904  was 
£46,004.     There  were  45  writs  of  execution  issued  during  the  year. 

Forty  cases  were  commenced  at  jQfceen  District  Courts  in  1901. 
Tiiirteen  of  these  cases  were  tried  before  juries,  and  13  before  a 
Judge  only,  making  a  total  of  26  cases  tried.  Twelve  cases  lapsed 
or  were  discontinued.  The  total  of  amounts  sued  for  was  £7,832, 
and  judgments  were  recorded  for  £2,767.  Before  the  Magistrates' 
Courts  19,569  cases  were  tried,  against  16,571  in  1903 ;  the  affgre* 
gate  sum  sued  for  during  1901  being  £335,147,  and  the  total  for 
which  judgment  was  given  £179,829. 

Court  of  Appeal. 

Five  Crown  (criminal)  cases  were  reserved  from  the  superior 
Courts  to  be  brought  before  the  Court  of  Appeal  in  1904.  In  all 
cases  the  convictions  were  affirmed.  There  were  appeals  from  32 
civil  cases,  of  which  9  were  allowed,  13  dismissed,  and  10  were  not 
prosecuted.  Judgment  was  given  on  1  other  case  removed  to  the 
Court  of  Appeal. 

Bankruptcy. 

The  petitions  in  bankruptcy  during  1904  numbered  257,  of  which 
217  were  made  by  debtors  and  40  by  creditors.  This  number  is 
53  more  than  the  number  of  petitions  for  the  preceding  year. 

Of  the  bankruptcies  in  1904  :  in  12  cases  the  liabilities  were 
under  £50;  in  45,  from  £50  to  £100;  in  80,  from  £100  to  £260; 
in  52,  from  £250  to  £500 ;  in  40,  from  £500  to  £1,000  ;  in  19,  from 
£1,000  to  £2,000 ;  in  4,  from  £2,000  to  £5,000 ;  in  4,  £5,000  and 
upwards.     In  1  case  no  statement  was  filed. 

The  following  gives  the  number  of  petitions,  the  total  amount 
of  the  unsecured  assets,  the  amount  of  debts  proved,  and  the 
amount  paid  in  dividends  and  preferential  claims  for  the  yean 
1896  to  1904 :— 


OtVOBCB. 


145 


Debtorm* 

Hnitiber  of 

exploding 
AtaotmU 

Ajnounta 

1 

AmouDU  vmUi 

Y«mr, 

Pttiitions 

roAliacid  by 

Aiuuuut  of 

la  DlTJdeods 

In  B^xA- 

Omclikl 

liebls  iirovod. 

litid  l^reforeoi* 

1 

niploy.       1 

lulCUiuuw 

' 

Cr«dlU»n« 

£ 

f 

£ 

i 

ia» 

412 

115,455 

7U712 

256,870 

37,492 

1807 

415 

T3,466 

40/J42 

183^344 

45,015 

laea 

407 

9n,CH3B 

45.474 

285,154 

30.994 

IB99 

389 

5'J,434 

34,268 

158 ^d3l 

JS0,064 

1900 

304 

77.6y9 

53,415 

141,800 

37,411 

1901 

222 

58.fJ58 

49,781 

84,452 

30,356 

vao% 

2a5 

ijl,(X^ 

S'J/i.h 

1I0,!)95 

29.40G 

tMB 

ao4 

H>,767 

ii^7(ii 

68,019 

17.618 

t9(M 

a57 

6e»094 

43.514 

125,39^ 

28,103 

The  degree  to  which  private  assignment  of  estates  is  resorted  to 
cannot  be  ascertained, 

Divorce. 

In  1898  the  Legislature  of  New  Zealand  passed  a  Divorce  Act, 
iod  the  signification  of  Her  late  Majesty's  assent  thereto  was  duly 
notified  by  His  Excelloncy  the  Governor  in  a  Proclamation  dated 
tbd  1st  April,  1899,  bringing  tl>e  Act  into  operation  from  the  1st 
Jime  of  that  year. 

This  Act  placed  persons  of  either  sex  practically  on  an  equality 
m  regards  petitions  for  dissolution  of  marriage;  the  same  grounds, 
id  substance,  for  a  decree  of  divorce  applying  to  man  or  woman. 
It,  together  with  the  Acts  of  1667  and  1881,  are  now  compiled  in 
**Th€  Divorce  and  Matrimonial  Causes  Act,  1904." 

Besides  this  important  alteration  of  the  law,  the  grounds  for 
diTorce  are  extended  as  under  : — 

1.  Adultery,  on  either  side. 

2.  Wilftd  desertion  continuously  during  tve  years  or  more. 

3.  Habitual  drunkermesa  during  four  years  and  upwards  on  the 

part  of  husband,  along  with  failing  to  support  wife  or 
habitual  cruelty;  or  habitual  drunkenness  for  a  like  period 
and  neglect,  with  unfitness  to  discharge  her  household 
duties  on  the  part  of  the  wife. 

4.  Conviction,  with  sentence  of  imprisonment  or  penal  servitude 

for  seven  years  or  upwards,  lor  attempting  to  take  life  of 
petitioner. 

Every  decree  for  dissolution  of  marriage  is  in  the  first  instance  to 
be  a  decree  nisi,  not  to  be  made  absolute  till  after  the  expiration  of 
such  time,  being  not  less  than  three  months  from  the  pronouncing 
thereof,  as  the  Court  shall  by  order  from  time  to  time  direct. 

The  petitioner  need  not  necessarily  move  to  make  absolute  any 
decree  nitsi  that  may  be  pronounced. 

A  decree  for  a  judicial  separation  may  be  obtained  either  by  the 
husband  or  wife  on  the  ground  of  adultery,  or  of  cruelty,  or  of  deser- 

i  without  oause  for  a  period  of  two  years. 


146 


NEW    ZKALAKD    OFFICIAL    ^MAK-BOOK. 


The  petitions  in  1904  aiider  **The  Divorce  and  Matrimonial  Causee 
Act,  1867/'  were  162  in  number,  bein^  13  more  than  those  for  1903: 
166  Mvere  for  dissolution  of  marriage,  and  6  for  judicial  separation  ; 
111  decrees  for  dissolution  of  marriage  were  granted.  The  proceed- 
ings  under  the  Act  for  the  years  1896  to  1904  were  as  follows: — 


Petitions  for 

D^oreeft  for 

1                 Year 

F 

DfMolution  of  •       Judicial 

DilMlutfOQ  of 

Jodiclft] 

MurrUga. 

Sepumtiou. 

lf«rriA«e. 

1896 

55 

6 

36 

1897 

48 

10 

83 

1898 

51 

13 

32 

1899                                1 

112 

1 

46 

16 

IDOC* 

111 

5 

as 

1901                                 ' 

139 

1 

103 

1902 

136 

2 

91 

f  • 

1903                               .  1 

146 

a 

136 

19t>4 

156 

6 

111 

The  Act  of  1898  has  evidently  operated  in  the  direction  of  in- 
creasing largely  the  number  of  petitions  and  decrees  for  dissolution 
of  marriage  or  judicial  separation. 

The  proportion  of  petitions  and  decrees  for  dissolution  of  marriage 
to  the  number  of  marriages  was  up  till  1898  higher  in  New  ZeaJand 
than  in  England  and  Wales,  but  lower  than  in  New  South  Wales 
or  Victoria.  The  full  effect  of  the  operation  of  the  new  law  in 
New  Zealand  is  now,  however,  being  experienced. 

As  early  as  1889  an  Act  was  passed  in  Victoria  to  allow  of 
divorces  being  granted  for  wilful  desertion,  habitual  drunkenness 
with  cruelty  or  neglect,  imprisonmeut  under  certain  circumstances 
of  either  party,  and  adultery  on  the  part  of  the  husband.  This 
multiplication  of  the  causes  for  divorce  has  largely  increased  the 
proportion  of  decrees  in  that  State. 

An  Act  of  a  similar  tenor  w^as  passed  in  New  South  Wales  in 
1892,  and  brought  into  working  in  August  of  that  year,  under 
which,  and  an  amending  Act  of  1893|  in  addition  to  adultery  since 
marriage  on  the  part  of  the  wife,  and  adultery  and  cruelty  on  the 
part  of  the  husband,  petitions  for  divorce  can  now  be  granted  in 
that  State  on  any  of  the  following  grounds  :■ — 

Husband  u.  wife :  Desertion  for  not  less  than  three  years : 
habitual  drunkenness  for  a  similar  period ;  refusing  to  obey 
an  order  for  restitution  of  conjugal  rights ;  bemg  imprisoned 
under  a  sentence  of  three  years  or  upwards;  attempt  to  mur- 
der or  inflict  grievous  bodily  harm,  or  repeated  assaults  on 
him  wathin  one  year  previously. 
Wife  V.  husband  :  Adultery,  provided  that  at  the  time  of  the 
institution  of  the  suit  the  husband  is  domiciled  in  New  South 
Wales ;    desertion  for  not  less   than   three  years ;    habitual 


CBIMINAL   CASES. 


147 


dmnkexmess  with  cruelty  or  neglect  to  support  for  the  same 

period ;  refusing  to  obey  an  order  for  restitution  of  conjugal 

rights  ;  being  imprisoned  for  three  years  or  upwards,  or  having 

within  five  years  undergone  various  sentences  amounting  in  all 

to  not  less  than  three  years;  attempt  to  murder,  or  assault 

with  intent  to  inflict  grievous  bodily  harm,  or  repeated  assaults 

within  one  year  previously. 

To  entitle  either  party  to  seek  relief  on  these  grounds,  he  or  she 

must  have  been  domiciled  in  the  State  at  the  time  of  instituting 

the  suit  for  three  years  or  upwards,  and  should  not  have  resorted 

to  the  State  for  the  purpose  of  the  suit.     When  a  wife  seeks  for  a 

decree  on  the  ground  of  three  years'  desertion,  if  she  was  domiciled 

in  New  South  Wales  when  the  dftsertion  commenced,  she  shall  not 

be  deemed  to  have  lost    her   domicile  by  reason  of  her   husband 

having  thereafter  acquired  a  foreign  domicile. 

The  divorces  in  New  South  Wales  and  Victoria  since  the  divorce 
law  has  been  altered  in  the  direction  of  increasing  the  grounds  for 
decrees  are  as  under.  With  these  are  given  the  figures  for  New 
Zealand  under  the  old  law  up  to  1898,  and  according  to  the  Act  of 
1898  up  to  1904.  The  figures  for  New  South  Wales  tend  to  show 
that  on  altering  the  law  there  was  a  large  accumulation  of  cases  to 
get  rid  of,  which  increased  the  number  of  decrees  to  a  degree  which 
was  not  subsequently  maintained. 


New  Soulh  Walen 

Victoria. 

New  Zealand 

Tear. 

Divorces. 

Divorces. 

Divorces. 

1893 

306 

85 

25 

19H 

313 

81 

20 

1895 

301 

85 

18 

1896 

234 

106 

36 

1897 

246 

117 

33 

1898 

247 

87 

32 

1899^ 

232 

105 

46 

1900* 

219 

93 

85 

1901* 

252 

83 

103 

1902* 

245 

loy 

91 

1903* 

206 

101 

136 

1904- 

216 

140 

111 

•  Acl  of  1808  in  force  in  I 

^ew  Zealand. 

Criminal  C/ 

lSES. 

Charges  before  Magistrates. 

The  number  of  charges  heard  before  the  Magistrates'  Courts  in 
1904  was  31,603.  Repeated  charges  against  the  same  person  are 
counted  as  distinct.  Of  the  charges  in  11)04,  569  were  against 
persons  of  the  aboriginal  native  race,  an  increase  of  24  on  the 
number  for  the  previous  year. 

If  the  Maoris  be  excluded,  the  number  of  charges  (exclusive 
of  lunacy)  in  1904  is  found  to  have  been  30,934,  an  increase  of 
181  upon  the  number  for  1903 ;  and  the  proportion  per  1,000  of 
population  was  3660,  against  3750  in  1903. 

Persons  charged  with  lunacy  and  committed  to  mental  hospitals 
lia?e  been  excluded  from  the  calculationa  for  this  and  previous  ^'^^.\^ 


us 


NEW   ZEALAND  OFFIOIAL   YBAB-BOOE. 


shown,  so  that   the  figures  now  given  will  diSer  somewhat  from 
those  appearing  in  former  issues  of  this  book. 

The  figures,  both  numerical  and  proportional,  covering  a  period 
of  twenty- three  years  are  subjoined : — 


Ohabgks  bbforb  Maqisteates. 


Proportion 

ProporttoB 

Year. 

Number. 

per  1.000  of      ' 
Mean 

Tear. 

Number. 

p«^M 

1882 

21,622 

Population.     ' 
42-45 

1899 

22,118 

PopuUtioD. 
29-48 

1885 

22,297 

38-89          I 

1900      . 

24,084 

31*54 

1888 

18,370 

30-35          1 

1901 

25,885 

83-20 

1891 

16,714 

26-54 

1902 

28,076 

3519 

1894 

16,820 

24-76 

1903 

80,758 

87-60 

1897 

19,390 

26-87 

1904 

30,934 

36  60 

Summary  Convictions,  and  Convictions  in  Superior  Courts. 

The  summary  convictions  in  1904  numbered  25,672,  incladinft 
435  Maoris.  907  persons,  33  of  whom  were  Maoris,  were  committed 
for  trial  or  sentence  at  the  Supreme  and  District  Comrts,  a  de- 
crease of  7  on  the  number  committed  in  1903. 

Dealing  with  the  summary  convictions  for  all  offenceB,  the 
figures  for  1900  and  onwards  (excluding  the  Maoris)  are : — 

SUMMABT 

ComnonoiiB. 

PropoartloD 


Year. 

1900— 
Offences  against  the  person  . . 
Offences  against  property 
Other  offences 

Namber. 

724 

1,476 

..     16,285 

..     18,485 

Mmn 
Popalation. 

0-95 

1-98 

21-8a 

Totals 

24-21 

1901- 
Offences  against  the  person    . . 
Offences  against  property 
Other  offences 

Totals      . . 

778 

1,736 

..      17,812 

..      20,326 

l-OO- 

2-2a 

22-90 

26ia 

1902— 
Offences  against  the  person   . . 
Offences  against  property 
Other  offences 

540 

1,759 

..      19,826 

0-6& 

2-20 

24-85- 

Totals 

..     22,125 

27-7a 

1903- 
Offences  against  the  person  . . 
Offences  against  property      . . 
Other  offences 

Totals     . . 

644 
..        1,767 
..      22,364 

..      '24,765 

0-79- 

215 

27-25 

3019' 

1904- 
Offenccs  against  the  person    . . 
Offences  against  property 
Other  offences 

666 
..       1,801 
..     22,770 

0-79 

2-18 

26-95. 

Totals 


25,237 


29-87 


CHlMUiAIi   CASES.  149 

In  dealing  with  the  summary  convictions  in  the  Magistrates' 
Comrts  each  offence  is  reckoned  as  a  distinct  person.  The  total 
number  is  from  time  to  time  swelled  by  the  inclusion  of  breaches 
of  statutes,  the  provisions  of  which  give  rise  to  fresh  offences 
against  the  public  welfare  not  strictly  criminal,  so  that  com- 
parisons with  past  years  are  somewhat  affected. 

But  the  groups  of  serious  criminal  offences  do  not  show  any 
advance  in  criminality  taken  over  a  period  of  five  years. 

The  total  of  summary  convictions  for  offences  against  the  person 
(excluding  Maoris)  was  666  for  the  year  1904,  which  is  actually  a 
smaller  number  than  that  for  1900  (724),  notwithstanding  increase 
of  population.  Of  these  666  summary  convictions  in  1904,  the 
greater  number  (603)  were  on  account  of  common  and  aggravated 
assaults,  and  there  were  28  for  attempt  to  commit  suicide. 

Of  offences  against  property,  theft  not  otherwise  described  is  the 
most  common,  showing  for  1904  1,211  summary  convictions. 
There  were  besides  32  for  specific  kinds  of  theft,  and  27  for  house- 
breaking. Obtaining  money  and  goods  under  false  pretences  caused 
94  summary  convictions,  and  wilful  damage  to  property  417.  These 
are  the  principal  items  only. 

Under  the  heading  **  Other  Offences"  (those  relating  to  good 
order  included),  drunkenness  comes  first  with  9,566  summary  con- 
victions, of  which  926  were  in  respect  of  females.  Prohibition 
orders  numbered  1,700,  including  129  made  against  women.  The 
committals  to  the  Inebriate  Institution  numbered  9.  The  subject 
of  drunkenness  is  separately  dealt  with  under  a  special  heading. 

Further  offences  against  good  order  include  3,231  summary  con- 
victions simply  defined  as  *' breach  of  by-laws,"  and  1,715  for  in- 
sulting behaviour,  language,  &c.,  and  indecent,  riotous,  or  offensive 
conduct.  Also,  247  for  assaulting  or  resisting  police.  Under 
"Vagrancy,"  idle  and  disorderly  persons  show  558  summary  con- 
victions, with  rogues  and  vagabonds  253.  The  chief  items  only  are 
referred  to  above. 

Offences  against  public  welfare  are  dealt  with  in  remarks  above. 
Of  78  persons  (excluding  the  Maoris)  convicted  in  the  superior 
Courts  during  the  year  1904  for  offences  against  the  person  only  three 
were  females.  Assault,  with  or  without  robbery,  was  of  this  class 
the  offence  which  caused  the  most  convictions,  these  amounting  to  38 
altogether,  including  wounding.  There  were  also  11  convictions 
for  indecent  assault,  7  for  rape,  with  attempt  to  commit,  and  8  for 
oiher  similar  offences.  For  murder  and  manslaughter  4  persons  were 
convicted. 

The  convictions  for  offences  against  property  were  far  more 
numerous  than  those  against  the  person,  amounting  to  162,  of 
whom  6  were  females.  Theft  was  the  principal  cause,  showing 
79  convictions,  exclusive  of  burglary  with  robbery,  for  which 
47  convictions  were  recorded. 

Besides  the  above,  there  were  14  convictions  for  forgery  and 
ottering,  14  for  obtaining  goods  on  false  pretences  and  receiving 
stolen  goods,  and  8  for  arson. 


]50 


NEW   ZEALAND  OFFIOIAL   YEAR-BOOK. 


Outside  of  convictions  for  offences  against  person  and  property, 
24  of  a  miscellaneous  nature  remain,  making  ap  a  total  of  264 
convictions  in  the  higher  Courts,  excluding  248  persons  sent  for  sen- 
tence by  Magistrates. 

But  the  figures  previously  referred  .to  only  deal  with  persons 
convicted  in  the  higher  Courts.  The  committals  for  sentences 
under  **  The  Indictable  Offences  Summary  Jurisdiction  Act,  1900," 
were : — 


For  offonoes  against  the  person 
For  offdDce4  against  property 
For  miscellaneous  offeuces  . . 

Totals 


Persons. 

Hale*. 

20 

20 

199 

191 

29 

29 

Females. 


248 


240 


Offences  against  the  person  include  7  for  assault,  5  for  indecent 
assault,  2  for  attempted  suicide,  and  6  others.  Against  property  the 
offences  in  greatest  number  were:  For  theft  undescribed,  74;  for 
specified  theft,  32  ;  breaking  and  entering  with  theft,  36 ;  forgery 
and  uttering,  36  ;  fraud  and  false  pretences,  13  ;  receiving  stolen 
goods,  4 ;  other  offences,  4.  Miscellaneous  offences  include — 
escaping  from  custody,  9 ;  making  false  declaration,  8 ;  perjury,  6 ; 
other  offences,  6. 


Punishments, 

Including  7  Maoris,  the  convictions  in  the  superior  Courts, 
together  with  248  sent  from  Maj^istrates'  Courts  for  sentence,  num- 
bered 519  (persons).  Particulars  of  sentences  for  these  higher 
Courts,  and  of  the  punishments  consequent  on  summary  convictions 
in  the  lower  Courts,  are  appended  in  two  tables : — 


Tablb  showing  tue  Skntences  op  Criminals  tried  and  convicted  iw  thi 
Supreme  and  District  Courts  during  Five  Years. 


Puuisbmeiits. 


Death     .. 

IiiiprisonmeDt  with  or  without  hard  labour.. 
Fined      .. 

Imprisonment  with  whipping 
Released  under  "  The  First  Offenders'  Proba- 
tion Act,  1886  " 
Held  to  bail,  or  awaiting  pleasure  of  Court  . . 
Sent  to  industrial  school   . . 

Totals     .. 


1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1 

1 

286 

272 

253 

305 

411 

2 

17 

9 

10 

12 

2 

1 

•• 

6 

1 

74 

61 

63 

45 

70 

25 

12 

12 

13 

24 

' 

2 

1 

1 

•391 

1354 

♦339 

§380 

11519 

*  Including  22  Maoris.        f  Inci tiding  26  Maoris.        t  Including  5  Maoris.        |  Including 
16  Mauris.        g  including  7  Maoris. 


DBUNKBMNES8. 


161 


Table  sbowtko  the  Pumishmknts  inflicted  consequent  on  Summary  Con- 
victions IN  Magistrates*  Courts  during  Five  Years. 


P'm*fhTn#iit#. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

Rne      .. 

ImprifODineni  in  lieu  of  fine 

Peremptory  imprisonment 

Recognisance 

Whipping 

Other    .. 

9,206 
1,895 
1,723 
121 
15 
5,525 

9,905 
1.910 
1,948 
105 
20 
6,438 

11,471 

1.874 

1.734 

123 

35 

6.888 

13,631 

1,956 

1.969 

101 

28 

7,080 

13,133 

2,530 

2,067 

130 

85 

7,342 

ToUls   .. 

18,485 

20,326 

22,125 

24,765 

25,237 

N.B.^lieoris  have  been  excluded  from  this  table. 


Drunkenness. 
Excluding  Maoris,  the  proportion  of  convictions  for  drunkenness 
per  1,000  of  population  was  9-60  in  1900, 10  32  in  1901, 10  34  in  1902, 
10-70  iu  1903,  and  1132  in  1904.  The  number  of  convictions  to 
which  the  proportions  for  the  years  1900  to  1904  relate  were  as 
under : — 


Tear. 
1900 
1901 
1902 


Number. 
7,252 
8,032 
8,244 


Year. 

1903 
1904 


Number. 
8,774 

9,566 


The  totals  of  charges  for  drunkenness  for  the  same  years  were  : — 

Number. 
7,319 
8,086 


Tear. 
1900 
1901 
1902 


8.311 


Year. 
1903 
1904 


Number. 
8,872 
9,626 


Among  the  New  -  Zealand  -  born  population  of  European  de- 
scent there  is  evidence  of  less  drunkenness  than  among  persons 
who  have  come  to  the  colony  from  abroad.  At  the  census  of  1901, 
out  of- the  total  population  of  New  Zealand  over  15  years  of  age, 
51-86  per  cent,  were  found  to  have  been  born  here;  while  the  pro- 
portion of  the  convictions  for  drunkenness  of  New-Zealand-born 
Europeans  to  the  total  convictions  was  in  the  year  1900  about  17 
per  cent.  only. 

Daring  the  five  years  1900  to  1904,  inclusive,  the  consumption  of 
beer  in  the  colony  per  inhabitant  would  seem  to  have  increased, 
the  proportion  having  been  8*7  gallons  in  the  earlier  year,  against 
9  gallons  in  the  later  one.  Excluding  the  Maoris,  the  same 
result  is  found  to  obtain,  the  figures  being  9*  15  for  the  year  19CX) 
and  9*45  for  1904.  Wine  and  spirits  also  show  an  increase  in  the 
consumption  per  head  of  population. 


152 


NBW    ZBALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOE. 


The  following  calcalations  are  made  to  show  the  results,  in- 
cluding and  excluding  Maoris  : — 

Consumption  of  Beer,  Wine,   and  Spibits  per  Head  of  Population 
(including  and  excluding  Maoris). 


1900 
1001 
1002 
1903 
1904 


Beer. 
Oal. 

8-696 

8-919 

8777 

8-987 

8-996 


Including  Maoris. 

Wine. 
Oal. 

0145 

0151 

0150 

0142 

0135 


Ezolnding  Maoris. 


Spirits. 
Gal. 

0-684 

0-726 

0-716 

0-718 

0-729 


Beer. 
Oal. 

9160 

9-413 

9262 

9-460 

9-456 


Wioe. 
Gal. 

0162 

0169 

0158 

0149 

0-142 


Spirits 
GaL 

0720 

0-766 

0-756 

0-755 

0-766 


The  actual   quantities  of  beer,  wine,   and  spirits  used  in  the 
colony  were,  for  the  five  years : — 


1900  .. 

1901  .. 

1902  .. 

1903  .. 
1904*.. 


Beer  for 

Consumption. 

Qals. 

6,986,900 

7,323,290 

7,380,883 

7,759,330 

7,989,990 


Wine  for 

Consumption. 

Gals. 

116,188 

123,592 

126,450 

122,490 

120,120 


SpiriU  for 

Consumption. 

Gals. 

649,982 

596.071 

602,021 

619,649 

647.155 


In  Australia  the  consumption  per  head  of  alcoholic  liquors  for 
1903,  according  to  Mr.  Coghlan,  is  as  quoted  below  : — 


New  South  Wales.. 
Victoria  . . 
Qaeeusland 
SDUth  Australia 
Western  Australia 
Tasmania 


Spirits. 

Gal. 

Per  Head. 

0-79 

0-61 

0-86 

0-46 

1-42 

0-53 


Wine. 

Gal. 

Per  Head. 

0-67 

1-24 

0-38 

2-22 

0-75 

018 


Beer. 

Gal. 

Per  Head. 

955 
11-61 

9-49 

8-33 
21-82 

8*61 


In  the  States  of  Western  Australia,  New  South  Wales,  and 
Queensland  charges  for  drunkenness  are,  in  proportion  to  popula- 
tion, more  numerous  than  in  New  Zealand.  The  order  of  the 
States  for  the  year  1903  in  this  respect  is  as  under : — 


Charges  op  Drdnkenn 
Queensland 
Western  Australia 
New  South  Wales 
Victoria 


IN  Proportion  to  Population. 
14-02  per  1,000 
16-14 
15-39 
10-45 


*  It  has  been  estimated  by  the  Government  Statistician  of  Victoria  that  each  gallon  of 
beer  (including  ale  and  stout)  costs  the  consumer  in  that  State  38. ;  each  gallon  of  tpirito 
358.;  and  each  gallon  of  wine  lOs.- allowing  in  each  case  for  a  certain  proportion  being 
consumed  privately. 

If  tbeae  figures  may  be  applied  to  the  consumption  of  alcoholic  liquors  in  New  Zealand, 
the  average  cost  per  head  of  the  total  population  is  found  to  be  £2  168. 7d.,  and  of  the  adult 
population  £5  59.  lid.  This  is  considerably  lower  than  that  shown  for  any  of  the  States  of 
the  Australian  Commonwealth,  with  the  exception  of  Tasmania.  In  the  Victorian  Year 
Book.  1904.  the  figures  have  been  bo  applied  to  this  colony. 


ORIMB  AMONO87   MAORIS. 


163 


Crime  amongst  Maoris, 

The  Native  population  of  the  colony  has  hitherto  been  regarded 
as  stationary,  and  comparisons  of  the  numbers  of  summary  convic- 
tions by  the  higher  and  lower  Courts  are  given.  The  number  for  1897 
is  swelled  by  108  persons  convicted  of  trespass.  The  figures  relating 
to  convictions  by  the  superior  (Courts  are  small  and  fluctuating,  the 
proportionately  large  increase  in  1898  being  caused  by  the  inclusion 
of  sixteen  convicted  of  conspiring  to  prevent  the  collection  of  taxes. 


Summary  Convictions  of  Maoris. 

Year. 
1891     .. 

Namber. 
.     298 

Tear. 
1898 

Number. 
.      349 

1892     .. 

.     293        1 

1899 

.     300 

1893     .. 

.     253 

1900 

.     253 

1894     .. 

.     321 

1901 

.     298 

1896     .. 

.     316 

1902         .. 

.     330 

1896     .. 

.     332 

1903        . . 

.     421 

1897     .. 

.     460 

1904 

.     435 

Cos 

vicnoNa 

OF  Maoris 

IN  Superior  Cour 

TS. 

Year. 
1891    .. 

Con- 
Tiotions. 

.      7 

Namber  of ' 
Pervons    ; 
oonyiotod. 

7 

Year. 

1898 

Con- 
victionfl. 

.     21 

Number  of 

Persons 

convicted. 

35 

1892    .. 

.    16 

15 

1899 

.       8 

7 

1893    .. 

.     13 

12 

1900         .. 

.     22 

22 

1894    .. 

.    25 

24 

1901 

.     26 

26 

1895    .. 

.     17 

51 

1902 

5 

5 

1896    .. 

.     19 

19 

1903 

.      16 

16 

1897    .. 

.     16 

12 

1904 

7 

7 

The  figures  for  superior  Courts  do  not  include  persons  sent  up 
from  the  Magistrate's  Courts  for  sentence  under  "  The  Indictable 
Offences  Summary  Jurisdiction  Act,  1900." 


Police, 

The  strength  of  the  Police  Force  in  New  Zealand  on  the 
31st  December,  1905,  was  a  total  number  of  656  persons.  Of  these, 
the  police  at  the  four  chief  centres  numbered  282,  being  83  at  Auck- 
land, 78  at  WelUngton,  60  at  Christchurch,  and  61  at  Dunedin. 
The  remaining  members  of  the  Force  (374)  may  be  deemed  as 
belonging  to  the  country. 

The  expenditure  (exclusive  of  the  cost  of  buildings)  on  the  whole 
Police  Force  for  the  year  ended  the  31st  March,  1905,  amounted  to 
£128.879. 


154 


NEW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TKAU-BOOK. 


Prisoners  in  GaoL 

The  total  number  of  prisoners  received  in  the  different  gaols  of 
the  colony  during  the  year  1904  was  5,170,  including  persons  await- 
ing trial  but  not  convicted  within  the  year,  and  counting  as  distinct 
persons  repeated  admissions  of  the  same  person,  as  well  as  transfers 
from  gaol  to  gaol  of  convicts  undergoing  sentence.  In  1903  the 
number  received  was  4,786,  so  that  the  figures  for  1904  show  an 
increase  of  384.  Of  5,170  admissions  for  1904,  9  were  for  debt, 
and  49  on  account  of  lunacy ;  while  152  were  Maoris  imprisoned 
for  various  offences.  If  the  debtors,  lunatics,  and  Maoris  be 
excluded,  the  number  of  persons  received  into  gaol  is  reduced  to 
4,960,  against  4,606  in  1903. 

The  number  of  persons  in  gaol  (including  Maoris)  at  the  end  of 
the  year  1904  was  750,  or  11  more  than  in  1903. 


pRisoNEBS  IN  Gaol  (31st  Decbmbeb). 


Year. 

Undergoing 
Sentence. 

Debtors 

and 
Lunatics. 

On  Remand 

and  awaiting 

Trial. 

Total 

1889 

611 

3 

19 

683 

1891 

494 

4 

36 

634 

1893 

463 

6 

33 

502 

1895 

. .   531 

5 

46 

582 

1897 

. .   623 

51 

674 

1899 

. .   508 

58 

566 

1901 

. .   661 

1 

51 

713 

1903 

. .   688 

51 

739 

1904 

. .   701 

49 

750 

Of  the  prisoners  previously  convicted  received  in  1904,  513  men 
and  47  women  had  been  convicted  once ;  333  men  and  36  women 
twice;  1,435  men  and  391  women  three  or  more  times :  making  a 
total  of  2,281  men  and  474  women. 

Besides  the  returns  from  the  Prisons  Department,  a  separate 
card  for  each  admission  is  furnished  for  every  gaol.  Such  cards  as 
show  convictions  are  arranged  alphabetically  according  to  name  of 
prisoner,  and  where  several  are  found  referring  to  the  same  person, 
all  are  thrown  out  but  one  ;  then  the  number  of  cards  retained 
equals  the  actual  number  of  distinct  convicted  prisoners  received  in 
the  various  gaols  during  the  year.  In  1904  this  number  (excluding 
Maoris)  was  2,896,  an  increase  of  54  on  the  number  in  1903. 
These  figures  do  not  include  children  committed  to  the  industrial 
schools  simply  on  the  ground  that  they  are  neglected  or  destitute. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  distinct  persons  (exclu- 
sive of  Maoris)  received  into  gaol  after  conviction  during  1904,  classi- 
fied according  to  nature  of  offence,  religion,  birthplace,  and  age: — 


PBIS0NEB8   IM   OAOL. 


166 


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ss^s 


iiil5«-S 


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:    :    :  >o  «o  "*  CO  00  ec  en 


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156  NBW    ZEALAND  OFFICIAL   YBAB-BOOK. 

The  number  of  distinct  persons  (exclusive  of  Maoris)  imprisoned 
after  conviction,  in  the  past  fifteen  years,  counting  one  offence  only 
when  the  same  person  was  imprisoned  more  than  once,  with  the 
proportion  per  10,000  persons  living,  is  added : — 

Distiiict  Persons  imprisoned  after  Co7iviction, 


Proportion 

Proportion 

Year. 

Prisoners. 

per  10.000          1 
of  Population. 

Year. 

Prisoners. 

per  lOjOOO 
of  Popniation. 

1890 

..     2,397 

38-61 

1898      . 

.     1,982 

26-92 

1891 

..     2,113 

33-55 

1899      . 

.     2.125 

28-38 

1892 

..     2,164 

33-69 

1900      . 

.     2,116 

27-71 

1893 

..     2,111 

31-92 

1901      . 

.     2,345 

9014 

1894 

..     1,955 

28-78 

1902      . 

.     2,396 

30-03 

1895 

..     1,930 

27-87 

1903      . 

.     2,842 

34-65 

18% 

..     1,936 

27-11 

1904      . 

.     2,896 

84  27 

1897 

..     1,884 

25-84 

There  has  been  since  1890  a  reduction  of  4-34  per  10,000  in  the 
proportion  to  population.  In  New  South  Wales  the  proportion  for 
190 i  was  51  per  10,000  persons. 

It  must  be  understood  that  the  actual  number  of  imprisonments 
was  much  in  excess  of  the  figures  given,  as  many  persons  were 
several  times  imprisoned,  either  for  offences  differing  in  kind  or  for 
repetitions  of  the  same  offence.  Thus,  persons  returned  as  im- 
prisoned for  larceny  underwent  other  imprisonments  for  drunken- 
ness, &c.  Some  returned  as  convicted  of  drunkenness  were  several 
times  in  gaol  during  the  year  for  the  same  offence,  or  for  another, 
such  as  assault,  riotous  or  indecent  conduct,  &c.  Often  there 
were  several  charges  preferred  against  the  same  person  at  the 
one  time,  of  which  the  most  serious  followed  by  conviction  has  beeo 
selected. 

The  proportions  in  every  100  distinct  convicted  prisoners  belong- 
ing to  each  of  the  four  principal  religious  denominations,  \rith 
proportions  of  prisoners  at  each  age-period,  and  particulars  as  to 
birthplaces  and  ages,  will  be  found  in  the  Statistical  Volume  for  1904, 
on  page  542. 

Expenditure  on  Gaols  and  Prisoners, 

The  gross  expenditure  on  the  gaols  of  the  colony  (exclusive  of 
the  cost  of  buildings)  for  the  year  ended  the  31st  December,  1904, 
was  £31,035  ;  and  the  net  expenditure,  after  deducting  value  of 
services  rendered,  £16,588. 

The  prisoners  in  the  gaols  during  the  year  1904  were  main- 
tained at  a  net  cost  to  the  State  of  £25  18s.  2d.  per  head,  against 
£25  16s.  6d.  per  head  in  1903. 

Cri7}ie  amongst  the  Neio- Zealand-bom. 
While  the  New-Zealand-born  formed  at  the  last  census  67  per 
cent,  of  the  whole  population  of  the  colony,  they  contributed  in 
1904  only  29  per  cent,  of  the  prisoners  received  in  gaol.  Of  the 
New- Zealand-born  population,  however,  a  lai-ge  number  are  under 
fifteen  years  of  age,  a   period  of  life  at  which  there  are  very  few 


FIBST   offenders'    PROBATION   ACT.  167 

prisoners;  and  therefore  another  comparison  is  necessary.  It  is 
foand  that  the  New-Zealand-bom  over  fifteen  years  formed  52  per 
cent,  of  the  total  population  above  that  age ;  but,  as  before  stated, 
New-Zealanders  constituted  only  29  per  cent,  of  tlie  total  number 
received  in  gaols. 

The  total  number  of  New- Zealand-born  distinct  prisoners  (ex- 
elading  Maoris)  received  for  the  year  1904 — 844  persons — is  found 
(0  be  140  in  excess  of  the  number  for  1903.  Of  those  received  in 
1904,  98  were  under  twenty  years  of  age.  As  before  stated,  the  plan 
adopted  in  preparing  the  foregoing  tables  is  to  count  each  prisoner 
only  once,  and  to  exclude  all  who  are  not  convicted  prisoners,  besides 
dealing  only  with  the  number  received  during  the  year,  instead  of 
with  the  full  number  in  gaol,  which  would,  of  course,  include  those 
brought  forward  from  the  previous  year.  The  comparative  results 
for  a  series  of  years  given  by  this  method  are  held  to  be  more 
v&luable  than  those  brought  out  by  one  which  includes  prisoners 
merely  awaiting  trial,  and  continual  repetitions  of  the  same  in- 
dividuals. 

Tree-planting  by  Prisoners. 

There  are  now  four  tree-planting  prison-camps  established — viz., 
Waiotapu  and  Waipa  Valley  in  the  North  Island,  and  Dumgree  and 
Hanmer  Springs  in  the  South  Island.  There  were  138  prisoners  at 
these  camps  at  the  end  of  1904,  and  a  considerable  amount  of  plant- 
ing, clearing,  fencing,  and  other  work  was  carried  out  during  tlie 
year.  In  his  report  of  the  year  1904  the  Inspector  of  Prisons  thus 
comments  on  the  system  : — 

Tbe  Belection  of  prisoners  for  the  trde-planting  establishments  is  a  matter  of 
great  diflScuUy  and  anxiety,  but  experience  his  proved  that  a  careful  study  of 
dispoaiiion  and  temper  is  more  important  than  a  consideration  of  the  o£[ence  for 
wfaioh  imprisonment  has  been  awarded.  Of  coarse,  there  are  exceptions  to  every 
role,  and  some  of  the  quietest  and  best  workers  in  a  town  prison  are  idle  and 
rowdy  when  sent  tree-planting,  while,  on  the  other  hand,  some  of  the  idle  and 
nwdy  in  a  town  prison  prove  quiet  and  good  workers  when  sent  tree-planting. 
On  the  whole,  however,  it  must  be  admitted  that  the  majority  of  those  sent 
planting  appreciate  the  attempts  that  are  being  made  on  their  behalf  to  reform 
them,  and  uiow  it  by  their  work  and  conduct. 

First  Offenders'  Probation  Act. 

Ninety-one  persons  were  placed  on  probation  in  the  year  1904, 
as  against  110  in  1903.  Of  these,  25  were  discharged  after  satis- 
factorily carrying  out  the  conditions  of  their  licenses,  1  was  re- 
arrested, 1  absconded,  and  64  remained  under  the  supervision  of 
Probation  Officers. 

Of  the  1,657  persons  placed  on  probation  since  the  introduction  of 
the  Act  in  October,  1886,  no  less  than  1,421  had  by  tlie  end  of  the 
year  1904  been  discharged  after  satisfactorily  carrying  out  the  con- 
ditions of  their  licenses,  94  had  been  rearrested  and  sentenced  to 
various  terms  of  imprisonment,  1  committed  suicide,  2  died,  3() 
absconded,  1  was  sent  to  a  lunatic  asylum,  and  102  remained  ful- 
filling  the  conditions  of  their  terms  of  probation. 


Year. 

Inqaesto  on  SdIi 

BidM. 

Total. 

1902 

69              5 

74 

1903 

91             16 

106 

1904 

89            16 

105 

158  KBW    ZBALAKD   OFFICIAL    TIAR-BOOK. 

The  amount  of  costs  which  the  various  Courts  directed  to  be 
paid  during  the  year  1904  was  £202  58.  6d.,  of  which  £103  IQs. 
has  been  actually  paid.  The  approximate  cost  of  keeping  tiiese  first 
ofifenders  had  they  been  sent  to  prison  would  have  amounted  to 
£3,820,  which  sum,  added  to  the  amount  of  costs,  &c.,  actually  paid, 
represents  a  saving  of  £3,917  19s. 

Liqtiests. 

The  number  of  bodies  on  which  inquests  were  held  in  1904  was 
1,057,  including  24  Maoris.  In  813  cases  the  bodies  were  of  males, 
and  in  244  of  females. 

The  inquests  on  suicidal  deaths  in  1904  show  a  decrease  on  the 
number  for  the  previous  year.  The  figures  for  each  of  the  last  seven 
years  were : — 

v^..  Inquests  on  Suicides. 

*®"-  Males.    Females.       Total. 

1898  ..69  8  77 

1899  61  18  74 

1900  52  11  68 

1901  ..71  18  84      i 

The  verdicts  given  at  the  inquests  held  in  1904  may  be  classified 
as  under : — 

Nature  of  Verdict.  Mali^ "|!'eSSt£n5«^. 

Accident               ..  ..408  74  482 

Disease  and  natural  causes  . .         295  145  440 

Intemperance      . .  8  2  10 

Homicide  5  2  7 

Suicide  89  16  106 

Not  classed  8  5  18 

813  244        1,057 

Of  the  accidental  deaths,  drowning  is  the  most  fatal  form. 
The  verdicts  show  that  150  bodies  were  found  drowned,  giving  a 
percentage  of  31  12  on  the  accidental  deaths  from  all  causes. 

Fire  Inquests, 

The  inquests  on  fires  held  during  1904  numbered  28.  In  10 
cases  the  verdict  was  incendiarism ;  in  3,  accident ;  and  in  15 
no  evidence  was  forthcoming. 


SECTION  III.— LOCAL  GOVERNING  BODIES. 

Counties,  Boroughs,  etc. 

For  purposes  of  local  government  New  Zealand  is  divided  into 
counties  and  boroughs.  Although  the  boroughs,  of  which  there  were 
101*  in  March,  1905,  lie  geographically  within  the  counties,  yet  by  the 
law  they  are  not  considered  as  part  of  them.  On  the  31st  March, 
1905,  the  counties  numbered  97.  The  number  is  increased  from 
time  to  time  as  need  is  found  for  further  division.  In  the  year 
1878  there  were  only  63  counties.  Interior  to  the  counties 
are  the  road  and  town  districts,  but  much  of  the  country  is  out- 
Ijing,  many  road  districts  having  been  merged,  especially  on  gold- 
fields  territory. 

There  were,  however,  214  road  districts  (six  without  Boards) 
in  existence  in  March,  1905,  and  32  town  districts.  One  of  these 
latter  is  the  special  Town  District  of  Botorua,  constituted  under 
"The  Thermal- Springs  Districts  Act,  1881."  Besides  the  above 
there  were  34  river  protective  districts  (excluding  Inch-Glutha, 
in  Brace  County,  which  is  also  a  road  district),  3  drainage  districts 
(Christchurch,  Dunedin,  and  Hobson's  Bay  Watershed),  3  water- 
supply  districts  (one  without  Board),  and  20  land  drainage  districts 
under  the  Land  Drainage  Act  of  1893  (two  without  Boards).  The 
Harbour  Boards  numbered  26,  excluding  Coromandel,  Fortrose,  and 
Half-moon  Bay,  for  which  the  County  Councils  of  Coromandel, 
Southland,  and  Stewart  Island  act  as  the  Harbour  Boards. 

These  bodies  levied  rates  in  the  financial  year  1904-5  to  the 
amount  of  £1,019,431,  of  which  £704,315  consisted  of  general  rates, 
and  £315,116  special  and  separate  rates.  The  sum  of  £81,985  was 
raised  by  licenses,  and  £19,962  by  other  taxes,  making  £1,121,378 
altogether,  which  sum  is  equivalent  to  £1  6s.  4d.  per  head  of  the 
mean  European  population.  In  the  year  1903-4  the  local  taxa- 
tion was  £1  5s.  5d.  per  head,  or  lid.  less  than  in  1904-5. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  table  on  the  next  page  that  revenue 
derived  from  rates  increased  from  £401,393  in  1884-85  to  £1,019,431 
in  1904-5.  Revenue  from  Government  has,  on  the  other  hand, 
decreased  in  the  same  period  (twenty-one  years)  from  £364,082  to 
£166,635.  Receipts  which  cannot  be  classed  as  "revenue"  were 
£430,561  in  1884-85,  against  £1,350,631  in  1904-5;  but  these 
figures  vary  from  year  to  year  according  to  circuaistances,  such  as 
large  operations  by  way  of  construction  of  works,  for  which  money 
has  to  be  specially  raised. 

The  receipts  (distinguishing  revenue  from  other  sources  of  in- 
come) and  expenditure  of  the  various  local  bodies,  with  the  amount 
of  rates  collected,  and  the  amount  of  indebtedness  on  account  of 
loans  for  each  of  the  past  twenty-one  years,  are  shown  in  the 
following  table : — 

•  Id  April,  1008,  the  Borooffhs  of  Linwood,  St.  Albans,  arul  Sydenham  were  inoorporated 
in  the  City  of  Christchurch.  and  the  Borough  of  Melrone  became  part  ot  the  City  ofWel- 
liofftoo.  On  1st  November,  1904,  the  Borough  of  Caversbam  was  incorpoTatc(\  \n  U\q  C\\>n 
of  Danedin.  On  l%%Apri),  2906,  the  Borough  ot  South  punedin  was  incorpotalcA  \v\  \\\ft 
Cit J  of  J>an0dJa. 


160 


NKW    ZKALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK 


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RECEIPTS   AND   EXPENDITURE. 


161 


The  indebtedDess  of  local  governing  bodies  on  account  of  out- 
sUnding  loans  has  increased  in  twenty-one  years  from  £4,313,223 
to  £10,018,242,  exclusive  of  moneys  borrowed  from  Government 
under  "The  Roads  and  Bridges  Construction  Act,  1882,"  •*  The 
Government  Loans  to  Local  Bodies  Act,  1886,"  and  the  Local 
Bodies'  Loans  Acts,  1901,  1902,  and  1903,  which  represented  a 
further  indebtedness  of  £1,626,353  at  the  end  of  March,  1905. 

Taxation  by  Local  Bodies. 

Table  showing  the  Revenue    of  Local  OoverDinflf  Bodies  derived  from  Hatefi, 
Licenses,  and  other  Taxes  during  the  Year  1904-5. 


Bates. 

Licenses. 

Other  Taxes 

Local  Bodies. 

General. 

Special  and 
Separate. 

Total. 

£         B.  d. 

£       8.  d. 

£       B.    d. 

£     B.   d. 

£       s.  d. 

OoonliM* 

271,940  19    8 

67,000    3    5 

20.527    1    0 

9,855  12    5 

S69..S23  16    6 

Baroofihs^ 
ToirnHoards*    ... 

239.428  15  11 
3,647  17    3 

223:399    3    2 
317    8    4 

55,797  13    1 
3,202    6    3 

8,324  10    6 
410  12    8 

526,930    2    8 
7,678    4    6 

Road  Boards*    ... 

94,593  10    4 

14.769  14    6 

2,457  17    1 

1,358  19  10 

113. IhO    1    9 

BiTer  Boards*    ... 

8,338    4    2 

2,012  14    9 

2    9    6 

10,353    8    5 

Land   Drainage 

Boards*           ... 

3,496  19    3 

1.080    9    1 

4,577    8    4 

Bsrbcmr  Boards  f 

49.447  15    5 

49,447  15    6t 

Oty  and  Subur- 

ban Drainage 

Boards  t 

26.693    6    8 

1,871    2    2 

28,C64    8  10 

Ghrislchurch 

Tramway  B'rdf 

6,727  17    4 

6,727  17    4 

Water  -  supply 

Boards*             .. 

6,165    2    8 

9  18    6 

6,175    1    2 

Totals 

704,315    6    0 

815,116  18    1 

81,984  17    5 

19,962    3    5 

1.121,378    4  111 

*  For  year  ended  3l8t  March,  1905.  t  Wellington  Harbour  Board,  for  year  ended 

30th  September,  1904;  Christchurch  Drainage  Board,  for  vear  ended  dUt  December, 
1994;  Dnnedin  Drainage  and  Beweiage  Board  and  Cbrihtcburch  Tram^vay  Board,  for 
year  ended  3lBt  March,  1905  ;  and  Hobc^on'B  Bay  W'atert^hcd  SeMvage  Boaid.  to  SUt  March, 
iSOA.  :  Wharfage  dues,  charges,  fees,  tolls,  rents.  &c.,  amounting  to  £527.800  Ob.  Od.,  have 
Bot  been  classed  as  taxation.  |  Equal  to  £1  68.  4d.  i^er  bead  of  tbe  mean  European 

popolation  of  the  colony  for  the  financial  year  1904-5. 

Receipts  and  Expenditure,  1904-5. 

A  summary  of  all  the  trausactions  for  the  year  1904-5  is  given 
on  pages  162  to  165.  The  total  revenue  of  the  local  bodies  for 
the  financial  year  was  £2,274,653,  and  they  further  received  a  sum 
of  £1,350,631  which  could  not  properly  be  termed  "  revenue,"  making 
altogether  a  grand  total  of  receipts  amounting  to  £3,625,284.  The 
rates  formed  45  per  cent,  of  the  revenue  proper.  Licenses,  rents, 
and  other  sources  yielded  48  per  cent.,  and  7  per  cent,  was  granted 
by  the  General  Government. 

While. the  revenue  proper  of  the  counties  amounted  to  £497,704, 
of  which  those  bodies  raised  £338,941  by  way  of  rates,  the  Road 
Boards'  revenue  was  only  £152,013,  out  of  which  £109,363  repre- 
sented the  result  of  their  rating.  The  boroughs  had  the  far  larger 
revenue  of  £969,459,  including  £462,828  of  rates,  and  their  receipts 
under  the  heading  of  licenses,  rents,  and  other  sources  amounted  to 
the  considerable  sum  of  £472,425.  In  the  matter  of  receipts  from 
Government,  of  which  a  table  is  printed  on  the  next  page,  the 
counties  received  the  bulk  of  the  money. 


162 


NEW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   YEAK-BOOK. 


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REOBIPTS,   EXPENDITURE,   AND    LOAMS. 


163 


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164 


NBW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   \BAB-BOOK. 


Local  Qovebmino  Bodies. — Receipts,  Expenditubb,  akd  Loams— con/intied. 


Financial  Tear  ended 
3l8t  December,  1904. 


Receipts  :— 
Revenue  from— 

Rates 

Licenses,  n^nts,  and  other  sources 

Oovernmentf ... 

County 

Total  revenue 
Receipts  not  revenue ... 

Total  receipts 

Expenditure:— 
Public  works  ... 
Charitable  aid  and  hospitals... 
Management  ... 
Other  expenditure 

Total  expenditure 

Liabilities  (including  loans) 

Loans t 


Harbour 
Boards.* 


City  and 
Suburban 
Drainage 
Boards.* 


:::i 


£        8.  d. 

49.447  16  6 

627,800  0  9 


577,256  16  2 
103,930  6  11 


6.187  3  1 


178,969  7  8 


17.669    3    1 
480.870  16    6 


.  I      677,509    7    3 


4.549,015    0  11 


4.382,551    0    0 


£        s.  d. 

28.064    8  10 
698  10  10 


28.662  19    8 
86,962    8    2 


114.626    7  10 


90.782    1    8 


6.917  17    2 
24.841  16    2 


122.641  16    0 


366.928  12  11 


2,305    0    0 


Totala-all 
Local  Bodies. 


£       8.d. 

1.019.431    4    1 

1.081.265   5   3 

106,635    3   5 

7,381  12   3 


2,274.653    5   0 
1,360,630    115 


3,625,288  16    5 


1.996,9D8  18  7 

90.392  17  9 

188.254  11  8 

1.222.464  18  1 


3.497,321    5    7 


nO,92(V048  16    1 


;10,018.242    0    0 


*  Wellington  Harbour  Board  for  year  ended  30th  September,  1901 ;  Christohnreh 
Drainage  Board  for  year  ended  31st  December,  1904 ;  and  Dunedin  Drainage  and  Sewerage 
Board  for  year  ended  3lBt  March,  1905.  \  See  notes  to  table  on  previous  page.  t  Not 
includina  loans,  amounting  to  ^61,526,353.  repayable  by  instalments,  under  "The  Roads 
and  Bridges  Construction  Act,  1882."  "  The  Qovernment  Loans  to  Local  Bodies  Act,  1886." 
"  The  Loans  to  Local  Bodiea  Act,  1001,"  and  Amendment  Acts,  1902  and  1903. 

The  expenditure  of  the  local  bodies  amounted  to  £3,497,321. 
In  the  counties  the  cost  of  management,  including  salaries,  travel- 
ling-expenses, rent,  printing  and  advertising,  collection  of  rates  or 
tolls,  legal  expenses,  and  sundries,  was  £61,845.  The  Borough 
Councils  expended  in  the  same  way  £77,492,  and  the  Boad  Boards 
£15.995. 

The  percentages  borne  by  the  cost  of  management  to  the  total 
receipts  and  total  expenditure  were  : — 

Cost  of  Management 
per  Cent,  of 

Counties 
Boroughs 
Road  Boards 


Total  Total 

Receipts.  Expenditure. 
9-4  9-5 

4-5  4-8 

80  7-9 


Harbour  Boards. 

The  amount  of  receipts  and  expenditure  for  each  of  the  Harbour 
Boards  in  the  colony  for  the  year  ended  31st  December,  1904  (ex- 
cepting Wellington,  the  accounts  for  which  were  made  up  for  the' 
year  ending  30th  September,  1904,  and  Coromandel,  Fortrose, 
Half-moon  Bay  and  Horseshoe  Bay,  Now  River  and  Riverton,  to 
31st  March,  1905),  also  the  liabilities  at  date  of  balancing,  including 
outstanding  loans,  have  been  tabulated  in  another  statement. 


HARBOUR  BOARDS. 


165 


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NEW   ZEALAND  OFPIOIAIi  TBAB-BOOK. 


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LOANS  OF  LOCAL  BODIES. 


167 


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7.800 

2,729.886 

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168 


NEW    ZBAIiANP  OFFIOUti   YEAR-BOOK. 


From  the  tables  on  the  preceding  pages  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  total  amount  owing  was,  on  the  31st  March,  1905,  £10,018,242. 
But,  against  this,  accrued  sinking  funds  to  the  value  of  £l,O13,0i6 
were  held,  leaving  a  net  debt  of  £9,005,196,  exclusive  of  moneys 
borrowed  from  the  General  Government  and  repayable  by  annud 
instalments. 

The  total  annual  charge  (excluding  exchange  and  commission) 
stood  at  £534,995,  of  which  £487.145  was  for  mterest,  and  the  re- 
mainder, £47,850,  contributions  to  sinking  fund  accounts. 

Of  the  tctal  net  indebtedness  in  1904-6  the  debt  of  the 
Borough  Councils,  £4,382,962,  formed  the  largest  item,  while  the 
Harbour  Boards  owed  £3,913,740. 

On  referring  to  the  comparative  table  on  page  160,  a  great 
advance  in  tlie  outstanding  loans  of  local  governing  bodies  will  be 
noticed,  Betw^een  1895  and  1905  the  gross  indebtedness  increased 
from  £6,685,510  to  £10,018,242,  an  addition  of  £3,332,732  or  over 
50  per  cent,  during  the  ten  years.  During  the  same  period  the 
population  advanced  at  the  rate  of  25  per  cent.,  and  the  value  of  land 
and  improvements  (1891-1905)  from  £122,000,000  to  £197,600,000, 
or  at  the  rate  of  62  per  cent,  in  fourteen  years. 

The  aggregate  int^^rest-charge  for  the  year  under  review  was 
£487,145,  and  £296t656  of  this  w^as  payable  on  loans  raised  outside 
the  colony.  The  average  rate  of  interest  payable  to  bondholder« 
was  £4  178.  6d,  per  cent. 

While  the  average  rate  of  interest  on  the  above-mentioned  debt 
is  found  to  be  less  than  5  per  cent.,  nearly  three  millions  were 
raised  at  5  per  cent.,  and  over  two  millions  and  a  quarter  at  6  per 
cent,  or  over. 

The  Local  Bodieb'  Loans  Acts,  1901.  1902,  and  1903. 

The  Act  of  1901  consolidates  all  former  measures  dealing  with 
the  borrowing- powers  of  local  bodies.  It  does  not  affect  the  securi- 
ties issued  for  any  loan  raised  under  any  Act  repealed. 

As  to  Government  loans  to  local  bodies,  the  yearly  rate  of  in- 
terest and  the  period  during  which  interest  is  payable  by  the  local 
authority  have  now  been  altered  by  the  Amendment  Act  of  1903, 
and  stand  as  under  : — 

At  the  option  of  the  authority  concerned^- 

(a.)  Five  per  centum  per  annum  for  a  period  of  twenty-six  years ; 
or 

(b.)  Four  and  a  half  per  centum  per  annum  for  a  period  of  thirty- 
two  years ;  or 

(c.)  Four  per  centum  per  annum  for  a  period  of  forty-one  years. 

The  Amendment  Act  of  1902  empowers  the  Colonial  Treasurer 
to  lend  to  small  boroughs,  having  at  the  time  of  the  last  preceding 
census  a  population  of  less  than  tw*o  thousand  persons,  any  sum  not 
exceeding  £2,000  in  any  year  for  the  purpose  of  making  streets 
within  the  borough. 

The  interest  payable  in  respect  of  every  existing  loan  the  period 
of  which  is  twenty-six  years  shall  be  4|  per  centum  per  annuo). 
There  are  piovifeions  for  readjustment  of  ihe  rate  of  interest  on 


MUNICIPAL   FBAKOHISB,      ^^^^^^V         169 


loins  for  twenty-six  years  existing  at  the  time  of  the  passinij:  of  the 
Act  of  1903,  which  are  regulated  by  the  length  of  the  period  over 
which  the  repayment  of  the  loan  is  extended. 

At  the  expiration  of  the  period  during  which  interest  is  payable 
the  liability  of  the  local  authority  shall  cease  without  further  pay> 
ment. 

MUNICITAIi    FhANCHISB. 

"The   Municipal   Corporations  Act,  1900/*  with  its  amending  < 
Act  of  1902,  deals  with  the  franchise  in  the  case  of  boroughs,  and  ' 
proTides  that,  in  addition  to  the  persons  who  are  already  entitled 
to  be  enrolled,  every  person  shall  be  so  entitled  who  possesses  the 
freehold  or  residential  quallBcations  stated  in  the  Act. 

The  possession  of  the  freehold  quahli cation  is  defined  as  being 
the  beneficial  and  duly  registered  owner  of  a  freehold  estate  in  land 
of  the  capital  value  of  not  less  than  £25,  situated  in  the  borough, 
notwithstanding  that  any  other  person  is  the  occupier  thereof,  or 
part  thereof,  under  any  tenancy. 

Every  person  is  deemed  to  possess  a  residential  qualification 
within  a  borough  if  he  is,  and  for  at  least  three  months  last  past 
has  been,  a  residential  occupant  within  such  borough. 

No  person  may  be  entered  in  the  burgess  lists  in  respect  of  more 
qoalifirations  than  one  ;  but  any  person  who  has  more  than  one 
qualification  may  select  the  one  in  respect  of  which  he  wishes  to  be 
entered. 

In  the  case  of  husband  and  wife,  any  quaUfication  possessed  by 
one  of  them  is  deemed  to  be  possessed  by  each. 

No  person  enrolled  on  a  burgess  roll  has  more  than  one  vote,  and 
no  person  enrolled  by  virtue  of  the  residential  qualification  can  vote 
on  any  proposal  relating  to  loans  or  rates. 

bicfit&jiSED  Batinq-powers  of   Counties,    Eoad   and  Towk 

Districts. 
By  ••  The  Counties  Act  Amendment  Act,  1903/'  section  i,  it  is 
provided  that^  notwithstanding  anything  in  the  principal  Act,  the 
maximum  general  rate  that  may  be  made  and  levied  shall  be — 
(a.)  In  counties  where  there  are  no  road  or  town  districts,  a 
rate  of  threepence  in  the  pound  on  the  capital  value  of 
the   rateVble   property   therein,  or  its  equivalent  on  the 
unimproved  value  or  annual  value  ;  and 
(ft.)  In  counties  where  there  are  road  or  town  dlstrictSj — 

(i.)  In  outlying  districts,  a  rate  of  threepence  in  the 
pound  on  the  capital  value^  or  its  equivalent  as  afore- 
said; 

(0.)  In  all  other  parts  of  the  county,  a  rate  of  three* 
halfpence  in  the  pound  on  the  capital  value,  or  its  equiva- 
lent as  aforesaid. 
And  under  section  5  the  Couuty  Council  may  make  and  levy 
nieSi  called  *'  separate  rates,"  in  addition  to  or  in  lieu  of  any  general 
ratoi  upon  all  rateable  property  in  any  nding  of  a  county ;  or  may 
by  special  order  make  or  levy  any  such  rate  upon  all  rateable  pro- 
perty within  the  portion  of  the  county  defined  in  the  order.     But  the 


170 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   YEAB-BOOK. 


total  amount  of  separate  rates  and  general  rates  together  is  not  to 
exceed  in  any  one  year  the  amount  of  the  maximum  general  rate 
prescribed  by  the  last  preceding  section  (No.  4,  quoted  above). 

By  **The  Road  and  Town  Districts  Rating  Act,  1903,"  the 
rating-powers  of  the  Boards  are  extended.  Under  section  2  the 
maximum  general  rate  that  may  be  made  and  levied  in  any  year  in 
a  road  or  town  district  is  a  rate  of  three-halfpence  in  the  pound  on 
the  capital  value  of  the  rateable  property  of  the  district,  or  its 
equivalent  on  the  unimproved  value,  or  two  shillings  in  the  pound 
on  the  annual  value,  as  the  case  may  be.  Under  section  3,  where 
road  districts  are  divided  into  subdivisions,  no  separate  rates  made 
and  levied  in  any  year  may,  with  the  general  rates,  exceed  in  any 
subdivision  the  amount  of  the  maximum  general  rate  aforesaid. 

Rating  on  Unimproved  Value. 

A  special  article  on  this  system  of  rating  (which  it  is  optional 
with  local  governing  bodies  to  adopt  or  not)  is  given  in  Part  III.  of 
this  work. 

The  results,  as  shown  by  notifications  in  the  New  Zealand 
Gazette^  of  proposals  to  levy  rates  on  the  unimproved  value  of 
land  are  given  in  full. 

Table  showing  tiik  Result  op  Polls  taken  undkb  "Thb  Ratino  os 
Unimproved  Value  Act,  1896,"  and  Amendment  Act  of  1900,  to 
31st  March,  1906. 


i 

1 

Votes  recorded. 

■ —   ■ 

Date  of  Poll.      « 

1 

i 

Result  of 
Poll. 

For. 

Ij 

1 
1 

Akitio  County 

..     16  Feb., 

1905  ' 

Carried     . . 

112  = 

32 

3 

Ashburton  Boroug.i    . . 

..     14  Jan., 

1903, 

Rejected  . . 

102 

199 

4 

Auckland  City 

...     7  Aug., 

1901 

«         •  • 

753 

1,697 

. , 

Avenal  Borough 

..  '     7  Deo.. 

1904 

Carried 

48 

10 

2 

Awatore  Road  District 

. .       3  May, 

1905 

.. 

146 

d 

Balcluiha  Borough     . . 

7  July, 

1902 

60 

33 

, , 

Blenheim  J5orough     . . 

. .     17  June, 

1903 

.. 

224 

64 

Buller  County 

. .     10  Sept., 

1904 

. 

302 

84 

5 

Campbell  town  Borough 

. .     14  Sept., 

1904 

101 

86 

6 

Castlepoiut  County    . . 

8  Nov., 

1905 

66 

45 

Cheviot  County 

..       6  Oct., 

1898 

165 

41 

Chriatchuroh  City 

. .     30  June, 

1902 

• 

596 

612 

Devonport  Boroug»'(*) 

. .     30  Oct., 

1900 

, 

356 

109 

Ekelahuna  County    . . 

1  Feb., 

1900 

., 

149 

21 

"l 

Peilding  Borough 

16  Apiii, 

1901 

m 

268 

66 

1 

Foxton  Borough 

. .     20  June, 

1902 

Rejected  .. 

53 

98 

4 

Gore  Borough 

. .       7  July, 

1901 

Carried     . . 

122 

67 

5 

Grey  Lynn  Borough  . . 

. .     20  Mar., 

1901 

• 

140 

71 

2 

Greymouth  Borough.. 

. .     23  Feb., 

1898 

214 

48 

1 

Hamilton  Borougli^*) . . 

. .      13  Feb., 

1901 

m 

77 

52 

, , 

Hastings  Borough 

..      14  July, 

1902 

Rejected  .. 

250 

265 

15 

• 

. .     30  Aug., 

190.-i 

314 

374 

21 

Hawera  Borough 

8  April, 

1903 

Carried     . . 

1     129 

9 

1 

(ft)  HropoBal  to  rescind  the  adoption  of  the  Act  rejected.  Poll  taken  Gtb  June.  1904.  For 
roscisiiun,  176 :  against,  415 ;  informal.  G.  (b)  l>ropoBal  to  rescind  the  adoption  of  the  Act 
rejected.    Poll  taken  8rd  May,  1904.    For  rescisttioD.  116 ;  against,  148. 


KATIKO   O 

H 

BVftlT  VAttjE, 

■ 

mi 

TaBI:;B   BHOWIKG   TUE   RbSOLT  07   1 

Polls  taken  »  £tc,- 

-GtmtiMud.                     1 

Dale  of  PolL 

lieiuHof 
Poll. 

Votea  recordad.               I 

i 

1 

u 
o 
En 

I 

1 

Hefttbcate  Eoad  District 

H  Mar., 

1905 

Rejected  . . 

185 

403 

14 

Hokiiingft  County 

11  Mar., 

1699 

Carried 

109 

25 

6 

Hokitikft  Borough 

5  May, 

1901 

212 

63  , 

1 

HuDUA  Road  DiBtriot 

5  April, 

1899 

60 

2 

^  ^ 

In&ngataaa  County     > 

H  Mtiy, 

1896 

284 

11 

2 

InvercargUl  Borough . 

5  June. 

1901 

,. 

386 

174 

4 

EAiapoi  Borough 

7  Sept. 

1906 

B^jeoted  . 

83 

251 

16 

K&iniiiga  Couoly 

U  Jan., 

1905 

4*arri©d 

142 

54 

2 

Karori  Borough 

4  April, 

1898 

► 

93 

3 

1 

Kikwhia  County 

21  Nov., 

1905 

96 

7 

30Mi^y, 

1901 

376 

38 

2 

Lower  Hiatt  Borough 

12  Oct, 

1901 

94 

68 

4 

HaoAwatu  Road  DiBtnct(^)     . , 

6  Jan,. 

FJOO 

105 

10  1 

Maori  Hill  Borough  . . 

05  Jan  , 

1904 

119 

27 

^^1 

Ifara^tai  Roi\^  Diatriot 

*i  June, 

1900 

16 

^^H 

Mareretu  Road  Dtatnct(«) 

28  Ju'ie, 

1902 

24 

::  H 

Maaterton  Borough    . 

29  Au«., 

1901 

221 

139  ' 

6  ^ 

If  anku  Road  District 

1  July, 

1904 

Hejected  . . 

23 

39 

1 

ICelroae  Borough^'*)    . 

3  Mar., 

1898 

Carried     . . 

236 

40 

6 

Miramar  Borough 

30  Nov., 

1905 

w                              »    • 

117 

45 

1 

Mosgiel  Borough 

27  BVb., 

1902 

Hejected  ., 

58 

87 

1 

New  Plymouth  Borough 

IC  Mar., 

1905 

■         •  - 

167 

313 

4 

Norma nby  Town  District ^*)     . . 
North  east  Valley  Borougn      , , 

16  Nov,, 

1897 

Carried     . 

82 

66 

3 

12  Jan., 

1905 

202 

172 

North  Invercargill  Boroagh     . . 

1  April, 

lyOH 

107 

24 

"'2 

Onslow  Borough 

20  Mar., 

1901 

HO 

8 

,  ^ 

Pahiatua  Borough 

19  June, 

1897 

13G 

38 

I 

Pahiatua  County 

27  June. 

1901 

350 

31 

3 

Palmcrston  North  Borough 

5  Mar, 

1897 

•          ,  ^ 

402 

12 

3 

Papakum  Road  Disiriot 

10  Mar,, 

1900 

•          , , 

30 

1 

, , 

Pelonxa  R'3ad  Distriot 

31  Mar., 

1900 

»          . . 

98 

41 

^ , 

Pefcon©  Borough 

6  Nov., 

1901 

Rejected  , . 

100 

134 

4 

#                                      ■  • 

23  Mar.. 

1905 

Carried     , . 

811 

112 

Pietoo  Borough 

Rejected  . . 

27 

73 

1 

• 

30  July, 

1903 

Carried     .. 

47 

38 

9 

Raglan  County 

23  Nov., 

1901 

Carried'   ,. 

116 

85 

2 

Si.  AJbans  Batough   . . 

13  Feb., 

1902 

Carried     , , 

350 

218 

15 

Sooth  lovcrcargill  Borough     , . 

2  Feb., 

1902 

»          * . 

106 

54 

1 

Southland  County      . . 

1  Mar., 

1902 

m                  '  « 

919 

574 

Spreydon  Fioad  Diatriot 

16  May, 

1901 

141 

57 

4 

Stratford  County 

29  June, 

1901 

399 

23 

2 

Stratford  Borough 

23  July, 

1902 

137 

64 

I 

Satnner  Borough 

21  Nov.. 

1901 

earned '    . . 

91 

19 

, , 

Sydenham  Borough  (') 

UMar., 

1901 

Carried     . . 

353 

193 

* » 

Takaka  County 

3  Sept. 

1905 

m                   •  • 

136 

40 

5 

TaraUhi-GirbertOD    Road    Dis 

trict^f) 
Tauranga  County 

26  Aug., 

1897 

*                    •  , 

261 

53 

, 

9  Feb., 

1901 

90 

13 

'  ■ 

Timani  Borough 

10  Oct,, 

19O0 

Rejooted  . . 

93 

246 

»  ^% 

. 

18  April, 

1906 

372 

440 

^      \ 

.-    ,.. ^^.   ^t  oi.-.„^  .V u  ,>;.^ 

(•»)  Road  diatrlct  oat  now  In  e^ 

detence 

(«)  Hiatal               1 
llogioti  Citv!             1 

Rating  AcJt,  18W-"      {^)  Now  puJ 
I  of  the  Act  re  jousted.    For  prop 

6  of  W«J 
Dial,  S3 

iUU>rfUK.k,    .>.                  IM      .^U>y     i-lAJL    Ui     *.,UilSt 

church  City.       («)  Boad  distrlc  1 1 

lot  oow 

in  extatoDCti.             1 

*  N*w  poll  taken  onder  Aci  of  iguQ. 

J 

1     ^             ir 

J 

172 


iND   OFFICIAL   YEAK-BOOK. 


TaBLM    SKOWINQ   THE    RkBULT   OF   POLZ^ 

TAKKJr,  BTC.- 

-  continued. 

DKle  of  Foil 

Roiult  of 
Poll. 

Votes  recorded. 

1               " 

1 

1 

f 

1 

1 

1 

Wmimarino  County    . . 

23  Sept.,  3903 

Carried     . , 

4$ 

13 

Wfiimftto  Borough 

2  Feb,.    1901 

W                                       -     P 

235 

61 

14 

Wftimnte  County 

1  Nov.,    1900 

. 

368 

162 

, 

Wftipawa  County (•)    .. 

2  Feb.,    1898 

M                               »   • 

462 

98 

'  a 

WftJ  r&rapa  No rtu  Go  u  n  ty  (*)     . . 

6  Nov.,    1893 

R«jected(») 

381 

68 

10 

Wauarapa  Sauth  County 

*i3  Oct..     1902 

Carried     .. 

187 

8 

* » 

WaTiRRimi  Borough    . . 

17  Deo,,    1903 

Eejeoted  , . 

30d 

331 

2 

Wullington  Citv 

11  Nov.,    1901 

Carried     . , 

1,261 

591 

^ , 

West  Harbour  Borough 

18  April.   1904 

62 

30 

2 

Westpcrt  Borou|;h     . . 

19  April,  1904 

m                  •  ' 

280 

168 

7 

Wba«  g*irei  Borough  , . 

21  S'-pt..  1905 

Rejecfeed  . . 

166 

226 

i 

Winton  B  rough 

2UNov..    1901 

Carried     . , 

39 

31 

1 

Woodville  Borough     . . 

21  lUr.,    1898 

m                   •  ♦ 

175 

7 

1 

WooUton  BorouRh      . . 

24  June,    190^2 

Carried-  .. 

252 

190 

7 

(»)  IncludlcK  Woodvillo  County  aioce  LQtifiUtute<^.  ^b)  PqU  taken  i^rior  to  comim;  tnbo 
operatioD  of  seotioo  :2  of  *'The  Ijoc&J  Qovernwout  Votiae  Reform  Kc%,  1B99";  leM  Ibao 
oiie*(hird  of  rRt©p«».y#r»  voted,  and  proposal  conftequeotly  reject «d.  TUe  county  bM 
iiuce  l>eeti  i^ubulividikl  aDcl  aisorbrd  in  other  eountlos.  *  Now  poll  takoo  utnler  Acl 

ofl90U. 

A  county  having  decided  to  levy  rates  ou  the  uaimproved  value 
makes  it  compulsory  for  all  interior  Town  and  Boad  Boards  to  adopt 
the  same  system  of  rating.  But  in  counties  where  the  Counties 
Act  is  suspended,  or  whore  a  general  rate  is  not  levied,  the  rate- 
payers of  any  Koad  Board  may  take  a  poll  on  the  question.  It  iB 
also  permissible  for  any  Town  Board  within  a  county  not  rating  on 
the  unimproved  value  to  adopt  that  system,  the  decision  to  do  so 
having  been  carried  by  vote  of  the  ratepayers.  The  date  of  the 
polling  did  not,  in  some  instances,  allow  of  a  rate  on  the  unim- 
proved value  being  struck  for  the  year  ended  31&t  March,  1905. 

New  Legislation, 

**  The  Counties  Act  Amendment  Act,  1904/'  provides  that  the 
Council  of  any  new  county,  as  soon  as  the  whole  principal  Act  has 
been  brought  into  force,  may  borrow  by  way  of  overdraft  an  amount 
not  to  exceed  the  estimated  receipts  for  the  first  year,  exclusive  of 
Government  grants  and  subsidies,  moneys  borrowed,  or  moneys 
received  from  separate  rates. 

The  Council  of  any  county  may,  by  special  order,  and  without 
taking  a  poll,  borrow  money  by  way  of  special  loan  sufficient  to 
clear  off  any  overdraft  as  existing  on  the  31st  March,  1904,  Alter 
the  extinction  of  any  such  overdraft  it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  the 
Council  to  owe  to  its  bankers  on  overdraft  at  the  end  of  any  finan* 
cial  year  any  sum  exceeding  the  amount  of  revenue  for  that  year 
then  outstanding  atid  uncollected. 

The  Act  also  deals  with  the  construction  and  repair  of  footpaths 
within  road  or  town  districts  at  cost  of  county,  appointment  and 
powers  of  Fire  Inspectors,  licensing  of  billiard-rooms,  and  grants  to 
cemetery  true  lees. 


M8W   IiB0I8IiATIOIf. 


173 


•*The  Town  DistrictB  Act,  1881/'  and  Amendment  Act,  1883, 
previously  repealed,  are  now  revived  by  "The  Town  Districts  Act, 
K^Ji  *'  The  Governor  may  declare  that  any  area  wherein  there  are 
Dot  less  than  fifty  householders  shall  be  a  town  district. 

**  The  Land  Drainage  Act,  1904/'  consolidates  and,  where  neces- 
firy,  amends  the  law  relating  to  the  drainage  of  land.  **  The  Land 
DraiDage  Act,  1893,'*  and  the  Amendment  Act,  1894,  except  section  9 
of  the  latter,  are  repealed. 

"The  Native  Land  Rating  Act,  1904/'  extends  the  powers 
already  possessed  by  local  authorities  for  the  levying  of  rates  over 
Native  lands,  and  affords  greater  facilities  for  the  recovery  of  such 
rates. 

*•  The  Bead  Boards  Acts  Amendment  Act»  1904/'  enacts  that 
any  Boad  Board  in  a  county  wherein  the  operation  of  **  The  Counties 
Act,  1886,*'  is  suspended  may,  with  the  consent  of  the  Governor, 
giTen  by  Order  in  Council,  construct  waterworks  and  levy  water 
rates,  as  provided  in  sections  3  to  6  of  '*  The  Boad  Boards  Act  1882 
Amendment  Act,  1888.** 

**The  Local  Elections  Act,  1904/*  consolidates  and  amends  the 
law  relating  to  local  elections,  and  to  the  taking  of  polls  on  pro- 
posals submitted  to  the  vote  of  local  electors.  A  noticeable  inno- 
vatiou  is  the  form  of  ballot-paper  and  method  of  recording  votes : 
the  voter,  instead  of  scoring  out  the  name  of  the  candidate  selected 
by  him.  marks  a  cross  opposite  to  the  name,  in  a  space  ruled  for 
tbe  parpose.  The  enactments  repealed  are  *'  The  Regulation  of 
Local  Elections  Act,  1876,"  "The  Regulation  of  Local  Elections  Act 
Amendment  Act,  1888/'  and  section  16  of  '*  The  Municipal  Corpora- 
tions Act  Amendment  Act,  1902," 

**  The  Timber  and  Flax  Royalties  Act,  1905,*'  provides  that  one- 
half  of  the  revenue  received  by  the  Receiver  of  Land  Revenue  in 
fMpect  of  royalty  under  any  license  for  cutting  timber  or  flax,  and 
yable  into  the  Consolidated  Fund,  shall  be  payable  to  the  local 
thoriiy  within  whose  district  the  timber  or  flax  is  obtained  and 
ihe  revenue  was  derived,  and  shall  be  applied  by  such  local  autho- 
rity exclusively  in  constructing,  repairing,  and  maintaining  roads. 
Revenue  received  from  any  district  where  no  local  authority  exists 
shall  be  applied  for  the  purposes  aforesaid  under  the  direction  of  the 
Minister  or  of  such  person  as  he  may  appoint. 

Whenever  it  appears  that  any  moneys  paid  to  any  local  autho- 
rity ander  this  A.ct  have  not  been  properly  applied  to  the  objects 
for  which  they  were  so  paid,  the  Colonial  Treasurer  may  proceed 
for  the  recovery  of  such  moneys,  or  may  deduct  the  amount  from 
any  subsidy  or  other  moneys  payable  at  any  time  to  the  said  local 
authority  under  any  Act* 

Rates,  etc,  Boroughs,  Couktiks,  Town  and  Road  Dibtkictb. 

The  amount  of  rates  levied  by  the  various  Borough  Councils, 
Coanty  Councils,  Town  Boards,  and  Road  Boards,  with  other  par- 
ticulars, as  returned  by  those  bodies  for  tbe  31st  March,  1905,  will 
be  found  on  the  following  pages : — 


Hit,, 


174 


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LOCAL  OOVBBNINO   BODIES. 


179 


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NEW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   YBAB-BOOK. 


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OOVBRNINO    BODIEb. 

Separate,  ^d.H. 
and   O.A.,   ^d. 
small    birds; 
special,  various, 
for    repaymeut 
of  loans. 

183 


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184 


MEW   ZBALAND   OFFIOIAL  TBAB-BOOK. 


Town  Districts,  1904-6. 


id 

Number  of         1 

Amooot  of  Bate 

levied 

in  the  Pound  on 

««•§ 

^ 

1 

S 

the  Capital. 

Town  DUIrioU. 

111 

1 

Annual, 

or  UnimproTed 

Value 

of  Property. 

8.    d. 

Kamo     . . 

250 

78 

77 

124 

0    0| 

Helensville 

400 

124 

114 

120 

•0    6 

Papakura 

298 

85 

157 

204 

0    0|P) 

Te  Awamufcu 

350 

60 

65 

80 

0    0 

Kibikihi 

vjo 

4*5 

75 

300 

0  m 

0    ^ 

Ngaruawahia 

mo 

90 

140 

140 

Rotorua 

1,500 

400 

Opotiki  .. 
Wailara  (Raleigh)  f. 

750 

300 

206 

saa 

0    0| 

QpQiiake 

550 

155 

195 

540 

1          0    0) 

Normanby 

356 

90 

150 

150 

•0  ^ 

Matjaia  (no  tnformationl  .^ 

i30 

Waverley 

416 

116 

121 

121 

0    OJ 

Lethbridge  (Turakina) 

201 

63 

56 

73 

*o  e 

BnU-i     ..             

650 

127 

135 

179 

•i   m 

Halconfibe 

336 

81 

142 

730 

n  0(*) 

Clyde  (Waiioa)    .. 

800 

130 

170 

0    Of 

Taradale 

90O 

ISO 

199 

199 

0     I 

Ormondville 

493 

149 

151 

215 

|0     21 

Waipawa 

690 

171 

131 

im 

0  im 

Kaikora  Nortb      . . 

280 

63 

10? 

135 

•0    6 

FeatberHton 

635 

129 

170 

200 

ir 

John&oovill© 

800 

)60 

190 

196 

Havolock 

316 

76 

Bl 

137 

0     I 

Amberley 

417 

95 

90 

131 

0    01 

South  bridge 

250  1 

120 

240 

0    Of 

HftiTipBtead 

1,250 

262 

280 

sac 

0    0| 

Tif^wBld.. 

560 

115 

189 

250 

0    Oj 

Geraklinet* 

OrG>town  (Aliantou) 

170 

52 

70 

116 

0    0| 

Out'ram  * , 

420 

63 

67 

111 

0  mh 

Clinton  ,, 

440 

93 

123 

135 

n   0 

Wyndham 

650 

130 

128 

226 

■1    0 

OtftUtau 

675 

125 

127 

195 

0  oit»j 

*  On  the  annual  value. 


t  Now  GouftlUuted  munlolpa]  boroughs, 
uuluip roved  vitJtie. 


t  On  the 


(1)  id.  special.         (>)  id.  special 
cial.  (0)  id- special ; 


specii  .  _ 

value  where  supplied. 


ii)  M.  apuclal,         («)  l^d.  special.  (•)  t^..  ^. 

(0)  id.  special ;  Ad.  library  separate.  (7)  Water  rate.  7  per  cent,  on  annual 

(•)  |d.  special. 


LOCAL  OOVBBMINO   BODIES. 


185 


Road  Districts,  1904-5. 

Number  of 

5I     6 

it  i 

3^ 

nt  of  lia 
a  the  Po 
•nthe 
bal  Vala 

52« 

County  and  Dlslricl. 

1 

i 

9-S 

aa'S> 

4 

1 

1 

s§ 

Amou 

levied  ii 

0 

Capii 

Amou 

levied  ii 

on 

impro 

MoDgonai 

d. 

d. 

Whangaroa 

• 

Hokianga 

•  (No  road  districts 

) 

Bajr  of  Islands 

Hobson 

Whangarei— 

Hiknrangi 

495 

100 

93 

160 

3 

Kaurihohore 

191 

35 

46 

46 

} 

Slaraa 

274 

64 

87 

114 

ilaangakaramea 

288 

60 

73 

42 

} 

Maunu 

, , 

164 

186 

226 

1 

Otonga 

300 

. , 

, , 

} 

Paroa  Bay    . . 

215 

60 

110 

201 

i 

Roarangi 

103 

33 

58 

77 

i 

Waikiekie     . . 

205 

27 

92 

208 

1 

Waipu  North 

224 

62 

80 

126 

J 

Whareora 

•• 

67 

73 

86 

i 

Oiamatea — 

Mangawai     ^. 

268 

50 

90 

95 

J 

Mareretu 

44 

123 

161 

li 

Matakohe 

423 

86 

128 

335 

} 

Whakapirau  (no  Board). 

Rodney— 

Ahuroa 

41 

13 

34 

80 

1 

Albertland  North 

65 

10 

41 

41 

! 

Albertland  South 

322 

74 

155 

190 

i 

Romokoriki 

62 

13 

43 

43 

J 

Sfahurangi  East 

151 

29 

96 

96 

^ 

Matakana  East 

132 

21 

37 

40 

h 

Matakana  West 

172 

47 

71 

71 

1 

Puhoi 

,       596 

83 

125 

Tauhoa 

371 

61 

87 

180 

Warkworth 

175 

195 

322 

1 

Wharehine    . . 

;      '' 

20 

37 

38 

f 

Waitemata— 

Kaukapakapa                             ..  ;      543 

100 

182 

392 

i 

Pukeatua                                               660 

90 

239 

280 

1 

Whangaparaoa                                       66 

26 

37 

60 

J 

Eden- 

Arch  Hill      1,671 

415 

305 

546 

ls.{i) 

Avondale 

. 

1,075 

245 

426 

502 

«{'• 

(1)  On  annual  value ;  4M.  special ;  2d.  separate,  hospital  and  charitable  aid. 
(>)  |d.  septrate,  hospital  and  charitable  aid. 


186 


NUW    ZBALAND   OKKICIAL    YlfiAK-BOOK. 


Road  Districts,  1904-5 — continued. 


County  aud  Blatrlet. 


"33 

4 


Nmnberof 


a 


I 


i 
5£ 


s9   J 

♦a-  *»  *"  *" 


in 


"Eden— continued. 
Edon  Terrace 
Epsom 
Mount  Albert 
Mount  Eden 
Mount  Roskill 
Mount  Wellington 
One- tree  Hill 
Orakei 

Panmure  Township 
Point  Chevalier 
Kerauera 
Tamaki  West 

Monukau — 
Awhitu 
Drury 

Howick  Town 
Hunua 
Karaka 
Mangere 
Manure wa    . . 
Maraetai 
Mauku 

Maungatawhiri 
Mercer  Township 
Opaheke  (1904) 
Otahuhu 
Pakuranga    . . 
Papakura 
Paparata 
Paparoa 
Papatoetoe    . . 
Pokeno 

Pollok  Settlement 
Pukckohe  East 
Pukckoho  West 
Tamaki  East 
Turanga 
Waipipi 
Wairoa 
Waiuku 


2,011 
750 

2,085 

5,129 
581 
954 

1,283 

259 

684 

2,186 

375 


480 
220 
565 

1470  '  1 
145  ; 
226  ! 
340  I 

20 

70  I 

500  I 

115 ; 


413  I 
382  i 
224 
266  ' 
188 
702  I 
200 

82  ' 
380  , 
378  I 
229  I 
369  ! 
1,211  ! 
271  I 
373  ' 

373 ; 

166  ' 
176  ' 

398  I 

88  , 

942  I 

1.153  ; 

580  I 
227  ; 

905  ; 


792 


105  ; 
90 
76 

51  I 
65  ! 

206 
70 

25  ; 
105 

52 

52  ' 
80  i 

285  I 
67 

126 
88 
47  I 
40  I 
73  I 

26  I 
230  , 
235  ' 

121 ; 

47 
280  I 
216  , 


350  452 
327  ,  366 
655  '  898 
,237  1  1,500 
219    269 


220 

278 

15 

90 

487 
150 


492  1  205 


130 
123 
138 
119 
125 
161 

75 

24 
143 

63 

63 

260 

74 
126 
116 

71 

39 

98 

21 
241 
260 
127 

68, 
320 
213 
220 


310 
374  ' 
22  I 


615 
184 


175 
190 
177 
206 
200 
226 
100 
32 
159 
103 
150 


99 

140  i 
161 

91  I 

39 
100 

43  i 
264  , 
264  i 
149 

68  ' 
320 
271 
224 


d. 

'.p. 

1 
i 
I 

it 


I 


i 
f 

J,IO) 

i(")  I 

in  j 


2iCi 


li 


i< 


(1)  gd.  spocial.  (3)  lAd.  special;     «^,d.  separate,  hospital   and   charitable  aid. 

i^)  A()-  i^-.  special ;  id.  hospital  and  charitable  aid  ;  Jd.  lighting.  («)  gd.  apecial.  for 

interest  on  loans ;  |d.  gas.  (6)  ^d.  hospital  and  charitable  aid.  (0)  ^.  special. 

(7)  id.  special ;  ftd.  hospital  and  charitable  aid.  (»)  Jd.  aud  14d.  special.  (»)  i^., 

id.,  id.,  and  Jd.  special.  (lO)  Jd.  special :  Jd.  separate.  (il)  id.  hospital  and  chskri- 

tableaid.  (iSj^d.  special.  (i^j  jd.  special,  id.  separate,  Buckland  Subdivision. 

(1*)  id.  special.  (l»)  ^d.,  Jd.,  Jd.,  and  Jd.  special.  (Wj  Five  special,  various. 


LOCAL  GOVERNING   BODIES. 


187 


Road  Dibtbicts,  1904-5 — continued. 


^ 

Number  of 

ll   ^i1    8 

fl 

i2£.|  <S£>| 

Ctmatf  led  Blattiot.              ! 

i 
! 

1 

,1 

if! 

IJii 

Coiomandel ) 

! 

d. 

d. 

Thames          (No  road  districts.) 

Ohinemuri 

1 

' 

Piiko— 

1 

1 

Matamata    .. 

262 

1  100 

1       100 

120 

! 

Wftitoa 

1,322 

1  279 

383 

522 

Waikato— 

1 

1 

Cambridge    . . 

562 

'  100 

142 

142 

1 

Hnntly 

966 

1 

218 

411 

i 

Kirikiriroa    .. 

964 

230 

313 

313 

i 

Tamahere 

248 

1     68 

70 

70 

1 

Whangamarino 

443 

,  112 

238 

361 

i 

Waipa- 

Newcastle     .. 

391 

,     94 

'       156 

176 

i   ' 

Pukekura 

810 

j  200 

250 

480 

Rangiaohia  . . 

607 

'     90 

118 

120 

1 

Tuhikaramea 

98 

1     28 

64 

64 

1 

Raglan— 
Karamu  (i 
Te  Akau  ( 

ao  Board)    . . 
no  Board)    . . 

78 
32 

i 

Awakino        \ 
Waifeomo 

tst^Taupo     (No  road  districts.) 
EastTaupo    1 
Rotorua         / 

Taaranga — 
Katikati 
TePuke 
Te  Puna 

409 

477 
169 

88 

160 

41 

139  1 
200  i 
146 

277 
210 
208 

i') 

Whakatane 

Opotiki 

Waiapu 

(No  road  districts.) 

Cook- 
Aroha 
Hangaroa 
Kaiti 
Ngatapa 
Onnond 

58 

489 

482 

12 

20 

60 

210 

120 

12  1 

22  1 

95 

160  , 

114  1 

12 

42 

135 

180 

165 

(') 

(1)  No  rate  struck 

{^)  Sd.  and  ^\.  special. 

1* 


188 


NEW   ZEALAND  OFFICIAL  YBAB-BOOK. 


Road  Districts,  1904-6— conimii«<i. 


OdUaly  iud  DiMlctoL 


^1 


Kombsraf 


4 

3 

I 


s 

I 


E 


'a 

'A  * 

4-c  s 


Is 


Cook— e-<»Ui««eii. 
Patut&hi 
Pou&wa 
Foverly  Bay 
Taruberu 
Te  Af  Bii 
TititAfigi 
Wftikohu 
WalmcLtft 


CUfton.    (bfo  road  dmtriotH.) 

Tarftnaki — 
Barrett 
Carrington 
Egmont 
Elliot 
Frankley 
Henui 

Hurford  Upper 
Mangorei 
Moa 
Oakura 
Okato 

Omata  (1904) 
Tataraimaka  (1904) 
Waitara  West 
Waiwakaiho  (1904) 
Werekino.     (No  information.) 


638 

m 


78 
45 


..  I  183 
^26  .* 
294  ,     70 

44  '  25 
S2S  I  100 
S04       00 

SO       10 

•■  I  ^ 


d. 

105 

2^ 

iM 

49 

69 

(•) 

163 

315 

J  41 

n 

188 

60 

75 

*) 

116 

130 

(** 

as 

63 

<'r 

10 

i       IT 

1      ^') 

91 

102 

1' 

1    1 

439 

130 

176 

318  ' 

. .  ;   341 

93 

110 

176  1 

i<*/ 

635 

172 

172 

247  ! 

235 

65 

107 

112  , 

. . 

67 

104 

206 

10) 

393 

126 

230 

250  1 

i 

56 

15 

16 

20 

;  ; 

276 

51 

70 

82 

i 

..  2,836 

450 

500 

550  1 

^r, 

333 

100 

95 

95 

W' 

345 

72 

85 

154 

iK»0| 

294 

74 

53 

162  i 

3 

152 

30 

36 

61  . 

ii") 

814 

177 

180 

180  1 

350 

80 

101 

184  ' 

i 

Hawera— 
Waiinate 


2,619  :  360  i       400 


590 


Egmont — 
Parihaka 


345 


Stratford — 
Manganui 

Patea — 
Kohi 
Motoroa 
Okotuku 


(1)  No  general  rate ;  id.  npeoial. 


1,734  '  355  !       380 


I 

166  34 

60  1  18 

134  I  24 


30 
20 
29 


(3)  No  rate  struck. 


581 


30 
20 
33 


I*) 

i 


(»)  No  general  i 


A<1>  special.  («)  No  general  rate;  \d.  special.  (6)  No  general  rate;  J^d.,  |cl 

'  "  ""  '  d.  special ;  Ad.  separate,  over  part  of  district.  (7)  Jd.  specij 

(8)  ^.  special 


special. 
Veale  Koad. 
dlsftricl 


,d.  separate,  over  part  of  district.  (f)  \ ^ 

kl.  (9)  ^.  rpeoial.  (lO)  |<l.  special,  orer  pa 

(U)  ^.  to'ld.  special.  \y^)  Special,  various. 


LOCAL  OOVBRNING   BODIES. 


189 


Road  Districts,  1904-6 

—continued. 

^ 

Kamber  of 

^i  . 

-33     0 

Amoont  of  Ua 
levied  In  the  Po 
on  the 
Capital  Vain 

Ui§ 

ConatyaadDistilel. 

]  . 
1  1 

1 

Amount  of 
levied  in  the 
1         on  the  U 

improved  \ 

?tX»ti— continued. 

d. 

d. 

PateaEast    .. 

401 

75 

87 

385 

(■) 

Patea  Wesi 

777 

200 

209 

630 

(') 

Wairoa 

105 

22 

30 

30 

(•) 

Waitotara-Momohaki 

496 

103 

110 

184 

(•) 

Whenoakura-Waitofcara 

818 

42 

44 

44 

(') 

£.1."o}(No"addi.triot..) 

Wanganui — 

Kaiu>k6 

606 

135 

128 

254 

i 

Kaakatea 

55 

43 

135 

Uangawhero  (1904)     .. 

150 

138 

138 

h) 

MataoDgaoDga 

300 

320 

.       478 

Purua 

190 

200 

320 

} 

Wangaehu  Upper  (1904) 

250 

190 

261 

« 

Rangitikei  \ 

1 

Kiwitea 

1 

;            ! 

Kairanga 
Oroaa 

-  (No  road  distriots.) 

Pobangina 

1 

Hanawatu  J 

1 

florowhenua — 

Otaki 

1,280 

263 

317 

884 

h'l ' 

Te  Horo 

512 

i  123 

148 

472 

H.tke%  Bay}  («"«•«'<»"'"«"'•> 

1 

■ 
1                    1 

1 

Waipawa— 

1 
t 

i                   j 

Noraewood    . . 

1,206 

210 

280 

309 

1     ..    1     il 

Ruataniwha  North 

651 

140 

142 

'     ..    ,     h 

Takapau 

608 

112 

92 

120 

..    !      (') 

Waipawa 

274 

'     59 

75 

78 

•     i 

Waipukurau.. 

741 

198 

209 

•• 

Patangata— 

Oero 

305 

55 

60 

07 

i 

Patangata 

294 

.     49 

50 

99 

* 

Porangahau  . . 

433 

92 

91 

158 

h 

Tamumu 

35 

21 

33 

{') 

Wallingford . . 

24 

31 

56 

i     ' 

Wanstead 

21 

57 

*  • 

'"i 

(1)  No  rate  etraok. 
id.  each  tpeciaL 


(>1  ^d.,  id.,  M.  specia 
(«)  id.,  H^'»  Aiid  lid.  special. 


[d.  special. 


(')  A<i-.  tS^  .  il'^M  and  Ihreo  of 


190 


NEW   ZEALAND  OFFICIAL  TBAB-BOOK. 


Road  Districts,  1904-5 — continued. 


Kmnbcrof 

Iff 

Ill 

Oouatjruiid  Dbilflc:!. 

1 

1 

*t, 

Wool  villi             X 
Web©r                    ' 
Pftbiatua 
C&atle  point 

1 
1 

d. 

iLketahuna 

^[&urteeTill6 

Maaterton 

Akitio 

Wairarapa  South 

Featherston 

WNo   road    dj». 
triote.) 

Hutt- 

Makara         

Plimmerton.     (No  Board.) 
Seatoun 

257 

39 
260 

49 
400 

66 
1,500 

I 

Sounds.    (No  road  districts.) 

Marlborough— 
Awatere 
Omaka 
Pelorus 
Picton 

Spring  Creek 
Wairau 

785 
1,603 
1,218 
847 
819 
930 

154 
335 
237 
190 
139 
220 

162 
542 
255 
163 
143 
230 

582 
477 
258 
185 
260 

! 

i 

UP) 

Kaikoura       ] 

Collingwood  I  (No  road  districts.) 

Takaka  J  ' 


Waimea— 
Dovedale 
Moutere  Upper 
Riwaka 
Stoke 

Suburban  North 
Waimea  West 


Buller  >^ 

Inangahua 

Wes^tland      ^  '^°  '°*^  districts.) 

Amuri 

Cheviot 


286 
397 
687 
,183 
559 
460 


57 
100 
154 

125 

78 


64 
100 

210 

129 

80 


06 


80 


?! 


Ashley- 
Ashley 
Gust 


ii)}d.  special. 


. . 713J 

(3)  ^.  special 


505 
161 


213 
142 


280 
182 


(S)  No  rate  struck. 


l^OCAL  QOVKRKINa  BODms.                                        191            1 

'                                 KoAD  DfBTKicTs,  IdOi-d-'Coutinned.                            ^^| 

^ 

Number  of 

jli  J 

Coimty  and  Oiskriel, 

Is 

-'1 

1 

i£  1 

111  1 

4 

1 

5 
1 

i 

it 

II 

AthJcy — cortiiTtuerJ 

d.          d.              1 

EywtoQ 

S49 

275 

275 

! 

^^m 

Ejxeton  Went 

40i       S5 

75 

75 

t 

^^H 

K<»w&i 

1.851     570 

670 

790 

^^H 

Mftndeville  and  K(iogior& 

2/257     537 

460 

6550 

i 

^^1 

Oxford 

1,973  ;  675 

476 

867 

m 

^^1 

W&i|Nkni 

1.095 

350 

300 

653 

h 

■ 

Sclwyn — 

■ 

Atoo 

.,      1220 

894 

1,131 

1 1*) 

CouTieuAy     ,. 

2,560 

430 

463 

754 

i 

^^1 

EUdsmere      . . 

3,497 

, , 

607 

850 

i 

^^1 

H&lawell 

t.S78 

215 

200 

230 

1 

^^1 

Beathoote     .. 

3,995 

675 

y<.m 

1,216 

1  (') 

^^1 

Lake  Coleridge 

177 

36 

31 

70 

J 

^^1 

Lincoln 

1,213 

977 

248 

274 

h            ^M 

Malvern 

965  !  170 

Hi 

233 

It             ■ 

Mdvern  East 

625  1  143 

160 

263 

^! 

^^H 

Malvern  Sovitli 

428  .     81 

207 

304 

ki') 

■ 

Rakaia 

825     206 

207 

357 

Riocarton 

5,713        .. 

1,284 

1,520 

^^B 

3{nreydon 

1,467  ,  603 

624 

651 

,  ^ 

>»(')       ] 

SpriDgB 

U872 

460 

435 

470 

8*') 

^M 

TnUpu 

324 

96 

62 

100 

ii'i 

Templetou    . . 

2,938 

609 

572 

678 

&(•) 

^^H 

WaimAkariri  Upper    , , 

21  I         41 

•' 

(') 

■ 

4karoa- 

■ 

Akaroa  and  Waiuui    . . 

1.308 

270 

248 

248 

^ 

■ 

Le  Boo*«  Bay 

316 

58 

83 

91 

('") 

litUe  River  . . 

816 

800 

200 

316 

^^1 

Okain'fl  Bay . , 

520 

90 

103 

130 

!(") 

■ 

Pigeon  Bay  . . 

258 

56 

51 

67 

t 

■ 

Moant  Herbert,  (No  road  dintriots. ) 

■ 

Aabburton— 

H 

Ani^ia 

80 

69 

121 

S('«) 

1 

Ashburton  Upper 

2,002     420 

600 

818 

J 

Cotd»Ueam  ,, 

319       85 

90 

167 

1 

H 

LoriRbpach    , .             <  > 

1,836        ,, 

264 

389 

^'     ■■    '^:.ttt..    . 

..        265 

287 

389 

^ 

meriB 

928      18a 

203         320 

1 

[ll  iVI   spoeial ;  Byre  Water^ritce,  ^il,  fier  acre.          (>)  |d.  ipeclal :  id,.  Ad.,  ^d..  M,             1 

•ttd  Ad  teparate.               («!  i*„d.  siieciaf,  Opawa  Ward.              (».  Ad.  aod  ^d.  ipeoial ;  Jd.      J 

•tpaiale              (e»                   nio.  destruotion  i mall  birds.             (<^j  ^d  Rcparar«,  k%9  rftte      ^^M 
(^  M.  tep^rale,  w                       rate                 {^)  ^d.  unBclal ;  pepitrato,  A^i    wter  supply;     ^^M 
^.boepital  aod  cLi                 ut;  ^.  destruetioti  tin  all  Uini«;  Ad.  tramway,              4«)  No     ^^M 

1 

192 


MBW  ZEALAND  OFFICIAL  T8AB-B00K. 


KoAD  Districts,  1904-5 — continued. 


■s 

<s 

^ 

KQiab«T  of 

1"  J 

" 

111 

«2«j 

Coiiiitjr«aaDlaM«4* 

f 

! 

ii 

If. 

At  b  bn  rton — continued. 

d. 

d. 

Ranfiltatft     ,. 

797 

120 

131 

ail 

I 

South  Hftkaift 

,  ^ 

370 

390 

550 

Wetkftiiui      .. 

1.230 

333 

280 

334 

i 

Gor&ldtne— 

Geraldiue     .. 

a,2ao 

BflO 

4Sa 

939 

t 

Mount  Fee}  .. 

193 

ISO 

108 

175 

! 

Ttfmuka 

2,980 

500 

57* 

868 

Levek           \ 

'i 

MackeiiEie 

W^lj^i'         <**"  «*'*  aistneta,) 

Wailiemo 

WftikouaiU  / 

Pecinflula — 

OtftRO  Mtadi* 

SOI 

67 

58 

104 

i 

Pedmaula 

1,324 

234 

335 

460 

Portobeljo     .. 

, , 

268 

360 

405 

I 

Tomahawk   . . 

137 

20 

a9 

43 

m 

Tareri— 

Half-way  Bubh,     (No  Beard,) 

Bruco— 

Balmoral 

476 

74 

66 

i») 

Inch^Chitlia  (Road  and  River) . . 

344 

60 

61 

68 

i 

Mouj>t  Stuart 

618 

104 

115 

129 

1 

Cluthft         ' 

Tuapeka 

Matiiototo 

(No  road  diairicts.) 

Vincent 

Lake 

So  u  til  land— 

InvoreargilL    {No  Board.) 

Tuturau 

733 

113 

134 

140 

1 

Wallace                  1 

Fiord 

,   (No   road  dia- 

Stewart  IpI  and 

^      tricta.J 

Ghatbam  lalAnd^ 

(1)  i<3.  special. 


(>)  No  rate  liruck. 


JECTION  IV.— LICENSES  AND  LICENSED  HOUSES,  ETC^ 
Licenses  and  Licensed  Houses. 

During  the  year  ended  the  31st  March,  1905,  2,250  licenses  for 
the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors  were  granted.  Of  these,  1,415  were 
publicans'  and  accommodation  licenses,  7  New  Zealand  wine,  74 
packet,  177  wholesale,  and  577  conditional  licenses.  The  fees  paid 
amounted  to  £50,558,  and  formed  part  of  the  revenue  of  the  local 
governing  bodies  of  the  districts  in  which  the  licenses  were  issued. 
Particulars  are  given  in  the  following  table : — 

Number  op   Licenses  granted  during   the  Year  1904-5,  and  the  Amount 
OF  Fees  paid  to  Local  Bodies  therefor. 


Licenses. 
Publicans*  licenses 
Acccmmodation  licenses 

In  Counties. 
565 
202 

767 

11 

13 

452 

1,243 

In  Boroughs. 
648 

648 

7 

63 

164 

125 

1,007 

Totar. 

1,213 

202 

Total  licensed  houses 
New  Zealand  wine  licenses   . . 
Packet  licenses 
Wholesale  licenses 
Conditional  licenses 

Total  licenses  granted     . . 

1,415 

7 

74 

177 

577 

2,250 

Amount  of  license  fees  paid  to  local  bodies  £18,372  £32,186  £50,558 

The   average  number    of   persons    to   each    licensed  house  in 
counties  and  boroughs  respectively,  for  1904-5,  is  next  shown : — 

Number  vafimatAri  Average  Number  of 

of  Licensed  Po\^Xtion  Persons  to 

Houses.'  I'opulation.        ^^^^^  Licensed  Honie. 

Counties  ..  ..  767  410,318  535 

Boroughs  ..  ..  648  414,763  640 


Totals  ..  ..  1,415  825,081  583 

In  1903-4  the  number  of  licensed  houses  in  counties  was  766, 
and  those  in  boroughs  638,  giving  a  total  of  1,404  houses,  or  11  less 
than  in  1904-5.  The  average  number  of  persons  to  a  licensed 
house  decreased  from  540  in  1903-4  to  535  in  1904-5  in  counties, 
and  increased  in  boroughs  from  625  in  the  former  to  640  in  the 
latter  year. 

*  I.0.,  houses  holding  publicans'  or  accommodatiou  licenses. 
7— Ybk. 


194 


NEW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   YEAR-BOOK. 


The  annual  fees  paid  for  licenses  are — 

(1.)  For  a  publican's  license —  £ 

(a.)  Within  the  limits  of  a  borough  or  town  district  . .  40* 

(b.)  Outside  the  aforesaid  limits  . .            . .             . .  . .  85 

(2.)  For  a  New  Zealand  wine  license     . .            . .             . .  . .         1 

(8.)  For  an  accommodation  license,  a  sum  to.  be  determined  by 

the  Licensing  Committee,  not  exceeding. .             . .  . .  90 

(4.)  For  a  packet  license — 

(a.)  For  a  vessel  exceeding  50  tons  register  . .  10 
(6.)  For  a  vessel  not  exceeding  50  tons  register                                5 

(5.)  For  a  wholesale  license    . .             . .             . .  . .  90 

(6.)  For  a  conditional  license,  according  to  duration  of  license,  a 

sum  not  exceeding         . .             . .             . .             . .  . .  90 

The  approximate  capital  value  of  the  licensed  houses  in  the 
counties  was  stated  at  £771,204,  and  the  same  for  certain  of  the 
boroughs  at  £741,684:.  There  was,  besides,  an  annual  value  of 
£109,719  for  otlier  licensed  houses  in  the  boroughs,  which,  capitalised 
at  6  per  cent.,  would  represent  £1,828,650.  The  capital  value  of 
all  licensed  houses  would  therefore  be  about  £3,341,538. 

The  total  number  of  persons  engaged  in  or  connected  with  the 
sale  or  manufacture  of  wine,  spirits,  beer,  cordials,  Ac,  was  re- 
turned at  the  census  of  1901  as  under  : — 


Males. 

Females. 

Persons. 

Hotelkeopers     . . 

1,341 

215 

1,556 

Relative  assisting 

133 

631 

764 

Manager,  clerk 

104 

22 

196 

Hotel  servant,  cook 

1,376 

2,657 

8,933 

Barman,  barmaid 

178 

349 

527 

Manager,  secretary,  steward  of  club-house 

115 

27 

142 

Wine,  flpirit,  merchant  . . 

50 

3 

63 

Assistant 

10 

1 

11 

Clerk,  storeman 

55 

1 

56 

Traveller 

31 

31 

Cordial,  &c,  seller 

6 

, , 

6 

Brewer,    bottler,    and    others 

engaged    in 

brewing 

G()6 

4 

610 

Relative  assisting 

8 

1 

9 

Maltster  and  assistants  . . 

147 

.. 

147 

Wine-manufacturer 

16 

.. 

16 

Cordial,  &c.,  maker,  bottler 

231 

7 

238 

Assistant,  clerk,  traveller,  <^c 

130 
4,537 

2 

132 

Total.^ 

3,820 

8.857 

Local-option  Poll. 

Under  **The  Alcoholic  Liquors  Sale  Control  Act,  1893,"  each 
electoral  district  constituted  for  the  election  of  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  is  a  licensing  district,  and  electors  for 


♦  Between  the  hours  of  six  in  the  uiorning  and  ten  at  night.     For  an  el  even -o'clock 
license  an  ad'litioual  £3  must  be  paid. 


loOal-option  poll.  195 

the  House  of  Bepresentatives  are  also  electors  under  the  Licensing 
Acts.  Under  •*  The  City  Single  Electorates  Act,  1903,"  the  three 
electoiates  of  the  cities  of  Auckland,  Wellington,  Chrifctchurch,  and 
Ducedin  in  each  case  foim  one  electorate  for  the  purpose  of 
taking  a  local-option  poll. 

Under  the  Amendment  Act  of  1895  the  licensing  poll  is  taken 
&t  the  same  time  as  the  general  election  of  members  of  the  House 
of  Representatives.  The  questions  for  the  decision  of  the  voters 
are,— 

(1.)  Whether  the  number  of  licenses  existing  in  the  district 

shall  continue. 
(2.)  Whether  the  number  shall  be  reduced. 
(3.)  Whether  any  licenses  whatever  shall  be  granted. 
The  voter  may  vote  for  one  or  two  of  these  proposals,  but  no 
more. 

The  method  of  determining  the  result  of  the  poll  in  each  district 
by  the  Returning  Officer  is  as  follows : — 

(1.)  If  the  number  of  votes  recorded  in  favour  of  the  continuance 
of  existing  licenses  is  an  absolute  majority  of  all  the  voters  whose 
votes  were  recorded,  the  proposal  is  deemed  to  be  carried,  and  the 
licenses  continue  until  the  next  poll,  subject  to  certain  provisions 
in  special  cases. 

(2.)  If  the  number  of  votes  recorded  in  favour  of  a  reduction  in 
the  number  of  licenses  is  an  absolute  majority  of  all  the  voters 
whose  votes  were  recorded,  the  proposal  is  deemed  to  be  carried, 
and  supersedes  the  proposal  for  continuance  of  licenses.  The 
Licensing  Committee  then  reduces  publicans'  licenses  by  not  less 
than  5  per  cent,  or  more  than  25  per  cent,  of  the  total  number 
existing,  excluding  forfeitures.  Provision  is  made  that  when  a 
reduction  vote  is  carried  the  licenses  shall  be  reduced  by  one 
at  least  when  the  total  number  does  not  exceed  ten,  two  when 
not  over  thirty,  and  three  at  least  when  the  licenses  exceed 
thirty. 

(3.)  If  the  number  of  votes  recorded  in  favour  of  the  proposal 
that  no  license  shall  be  granted  is  not  less  than  three-fifths  of  all 
the  voters  whose  votes  were  recorded,  the  proposal  is  declared  to 
be  carried,  and  supersedes  the  proposal  for  reduction  and  for  con- 
tinuance, and  no  licenses  can  be  granted. 

(4.)  If  none  of  the  proposals  respecting  licenses  is  carried  by 
the  prescribed  majority  the  licenses  continue  as  they  are  until  next 
poll,  subject  to  certain  provisions  in  special  cases. 

(5.)  Where  any  licensing  poll  is  declared  void,  provision  is  made 
in  "  The  Licensing  Acts  Amendment  Act,  1904,"  for  the  taking  of  a 
fresh  poll. 

The  result  of  the  poll  taken  on  the  6th  December,  1905,  as 
made  up  from  returns  received  from  the  officer  in  charge  of  the  poll 
in  each  licensing  district,  is  as  follows : — 


196 


NEW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


A  a 


fO  3    ; 
®  as 

a®  - 


3  O 
550 


O 


a 

o 


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§0 


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55 


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BESULT  OP  LOCAL-OPTJON  POLL. 


197 


I        ^ 


®  _ 
tf  o 

.2  2 
§►2 


2  'g'S'S'S  -S       'S'^ 

t  n  fc  -c  g  c        fc  c 

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eS  OtfoS  o^So 

a  fts  P^D  Oi      o  s  p, 

.9  S.S2.S  2     $.9  2 

§  ogog  oggo 


a  c  ■ 


1   ! 


si 

Total 
Number  of 
Valid  Votes 
recorded. 

ri522':?S2S2^S3Q^ri^oo»oocit-L-ao»H'^'<ji 

CO  (M  t- 

CX>00>CO<NC«05«HC>lt-*rpOCJC500<OOOr-»COrHrH 

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CO  M  00  «  «  CO  O  CO  «  «  CO  CO  CqCO  C«l  ci  C^C^oToTcN  <N  (N      *(M*C0  3^ 


io>ot-t-'*>caot*«30cot*oO'^coot-co<N'^<ML^  oi«.-:co 

C0t-XiHt*X»-l«O'H^t-»-l30'*CO<M»Ot*Tt<OiCO«OQp  C0»0  0 

<M  00"^CO  Oi  X '«*«  CO  >0  U3  O  CO  CO  «H  CO  r-»  O  '^  t- CM  O  S  O  •  ^  O  '^ 

CO -^  CO -^  oo»oxt*>o«»oocoio  CO -^jT-^irTaTio  CO  CO  ■'^  *  '^i.-^  -^ 


^^cpX»0C0<N'*OC0C0Tj«OC0OCQt*Cit*C001''J<T*i  (MCOt- 

C5eOX;OL^COt*OOOOOCOt-L'-»OCO».'>05XOOt*0  OXsO 

O»0CQ»COClXt-t"^C0^'^'*C0'«JiC0l>'Ot-Ttit-XO  •Ci'-iCO 

CO  of  CO  C^TcM  CO  00  TjTcN  »-l  of  <M  iH  0»  rH  oTiH  Ol  X  of  rH  iH  of  *  tH  CO  of 


)C<IXCiOO^COCOOCOX»OCOOOOt-CiOt:- 


rs  o 
35 


3 

9  «'* 


5  5k 


00  o  t^ 

t-  »o  ■^ 

•  O  X  CO 


Ol  1-t  Ol  rH  .H  0«  t*  CO  «  rH  rH  i-i  f-l 


Olt-lOlt-rHTHrHrH  — «01tH 


t-l:»0005»-IC«CNCO'^C5a»COCOX»O^OrHOq^01rH  rNOi-^ 

t-Q'^c?o«xxcot*»HocoiocooixoTnccL'-xQ  »nxt- 

iH  X  rH  O  X  O  X  O  X  O  CO  O  O  CO  X  t- Ol  CO  CO  X  X  CO  O  rH  CO  o 

CO  iH  CO  of  i-Tof  00  00  of  01  of  CO  <M  Ol  i-l  r-T  of  Ol  O  ofrH  ^  of  •  Ol  of  of 


::^L 


'Tt»»OOSCJCO'^'-<COt*COO'^0?0»H-«1iXrHOL^>001X  OCO^ 
XQ'«*»«C5IXrHOOOOI'^»HXO>OOXOaiCOrHOX  C0  0101 
CiOXf-HOOICOOiCOOCOCnOrHL-XO'^'MOICOCOCi         Cii-i«0 

t-^O  00  CO  »rri^CO  00  CO  »000'«HCO'*'«*«'^OCO  Co'iTtjT'.ji      •  -^  t>  o 
0»  'N 

1 1 

c        g - 


198 


NEW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 


9}    U    O 

S  S  fl 

2  8,-2 
S2| 

O    O    O 


i 

u 
08 
O 

2 

O 

525 


o  2  o  •     .2  2  S  2 
5o§8      §o6o 


1 


s 
s 

3 


»C00C0OC0<0'^'*H« 


C0r-i|>Q0«0(M00a0O 


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O  CC  CO  »H  (N  O  iO  <0  >0  00 'H  tM  OQ 

L-(Mr-»Cir-»Ci(N<NO  •      •t«C000O 

c^fcicf  of  cTof  of  of  of  *      oTofcoof 


XOlOOGOt^OlOSO"^ 

C5coaot>Tj«oooo 

■^CC  ?0  O  00  CO  -^-^-^ 


01O1C5O00Oi00501 
—tl-CCiHOOOlTjtX 

?^  ^'  of  ?c  oT  CO  of  of  .-H 


O)  00  00  <N 
.  rH  -^  -*  CO 


00  »-l  Ol  CO 

CO  -*  Q  Oi 

•  00  >o  ^  Tl« 


o  ».':  oi  CO  o  "O  CO  Q  ?:• 

i-<?OC505r-iO'^OCO 
t^  01  C5  L'-  O  L^  O  O  'H 

of  r-T  ^'  of  x"  of  of  of  ^ 


1-1  0«  CO  01 


O  4A 

o 


00  'M  Ol  O  CO  Ol  00  Ol  CO 
— 'L^C00  010lt-i.-tCO 
X  O  O  O  O  O  t*  CO  r-t 

I     ^.-<rHoiaico»-(.-toi 


X  r-i  lO  >0  01  OJ  t-  O  C5 

O  -J-  ^  CO  ^^  CO  '<*<'  1«  Tj< 


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C5  "^  "^  OJ 


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gOfc- 


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Sooc 


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00 
CO 


gag  '^lol 


8  ;2ijcfcfcf 


o 


3 


S      (fl    CO  O)  00  ' 
CB        2    O  O  ^ 


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«0  U3  CO 


S  3 


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KB8ULT   OF   LOOAL-OPTIO!*   POLL.  199 

From  the  foregoing  table  it  will  be  seen  that  182,884  votes  were 
recorded  in  favour  of  continuing  existinf^  licenses — including  three 
districts,  Clutha,  Ashburton,  and  Mataura,  where  the  vote  (6,170) 
was  for  restoration  of  the  licenses  cancelled  at  the  poll  taken  in 
1902—151,057  for  reduction,  and  198,768  for  no-license  (including 
1,989  votes  cast  for  non-restoration  in  the  Clutha,  Ashburton,  and 
Mataura  districts). 

Id  eighteen  of  the  sixty-eight  licensing  districts  the  majority  of 
the  voters  was  in  favour  of  continuance,  in  forty  no  proposal  was 
carried,  in  four  reduction,  in  three  no-license  was  carried,  and  in 
ihree  non -restoration  was  carried.  In  thirty-six  of  the  districts — 
Marsden,  Eden,  Manukau,  Franklin,  Thames,  Waikato,  Bay  of 
Plenty,  Waiapu,  Hawke*s  Bay,  Waipawa,  Pahiatua,  Masterton, 
Wairarapa,  Egmont,  Taranaki,  Hawera,  Patea,  Rangitikei,  Oroua, 
Palmerston,  Manawatu,  Otaki,  Newtown,  Hatt,  Waitaki,  Mount 
Ida,  Waikouaiti,  Eaiapoi,  Chalmers,  Courtenay,  Selwyn,  Timaru, 
Taieri,  Bruce,  Wallace,  and  Awarua— a  majority  of  the  votes  polled 
was  for  no-license,  but  not  in  sufficient  number  to  make  up  the 
three-fifths  required  to  carry  that  issue.  Of  the  total  number  of 
P'^rsons (396,417, including  those  whose  votes  were  informal),  221,674, 
or 55-92  per  cent.,  were  men,  and  174,743,  or  4408  per  cent.,  were 
women.  Compared  with'  the  polling  in  the  year  1902,  this  shows 
a  numerical  increase  of  41,380,  or  2295  per  cent.,  on  the  part  of  the 
men,  and  36,178,  or  26*11  per  cent.,  on  the  part  of  the  women, 
clearly  showing  that  the  latter  are  now  taking  greater  interest  in 
local-option  matters  than  they  formerly  did. 

A  comparison  with  1896,  1899,  and  1902  of  the  votes  recorded 
and  the  number  of  persons  who  went  to  the  poll  is  shown  in  the 
next  table  : — 


\,'«»«o  •^^^•^o^  ♦^..  I N' umber  of  Persons  who  recorded 

Number  recorded  for  |      y^^^g  (including  informal). 


Year.        of  Persons 

on  HollB.      Continu-       Rednc-    i        No 

&nce.  tion.      .    License. 


Males         Females.       Totals. 


1306  ..     339,230     139,680       94,655  98,312  151,235  108,663  1259,898 

1S99  ..     373,744  ,  142,443  !  107,751  '  118,575  160,959  120,863  281,822 

1902  ..      415,789  j  148,449      132,240  151,524  :  180,2'.M  138,565  '  318,859 

l'J05  ...  476,478  I  182, 8S4      151,057  198,768  ;  221,674  174,743  i  396,417 

The  large  increases  in  the  number  of  votes  recorded  for  no- 
license  or  reduction  are  prominent  features  in  the  above  table.  It 
i8  also  interesting  to  note  the  substantial  increase  shown  in  the 
number  of  persons  who  went  to  the  poll,  tliough  these  latter  must 
not  be  accepted  as  absolutely  correct  throughout. 


SECTION  v.— METEOROLOGY. 


Temperature,    Rainfall,    Atmospheric    Pressure,    and    Wind, 

THROUGHOUT    NeW    ZEALAND,    AS   OBSERVED   AT    TWELVB 

Stations,  for  the  Year  1905. 


The  Observations  webe  taken  at  9.90  a.m. 


Stations  and  Months. 


Temperature 
I      in  Shade. 


Rainfall. 


Fall. 


OQ  o 
2^ 


Preyailing 
Wind. 


Auckland  (lat.  36°  60'  S. ; 

1 0  Fahr. 

;  °  Fahr. 

No. 

Inches. 

Inches.  1 

long.  174°  60'  40"  E. ;  alt. 

1 

1 

126  ft.)— 

1 

January 

78-6 

480 

12 

2-79 

29-80    SW. 

February 

78-0 

550 

6 

0-66 

8001  1  SW. 

March 

780 

530 

6 

2-64 

80-08  ■  SW.  NE. 

April 

,    730 

43-5 

12 

3-20 

3004     SW. 

]May 

68-0 

450 

11 

2-29 

3005  1  S.  SW. 

June 

620 

370 

23 

600  . 

29-94  i  SW. 

July 

600 

400 

18 

3-88  , 

29-99     S.  SW. 

August 

60-5 

39-6 

15 

305  1 

30  09  1  SW. 

September    . . 

630 

430 

26   ; 

4-48  1 

29-76     SW,  NW. 

October 

,    66  5 

440 

21 

5-87  1 

29-91     NE,  SW. 

November 

71-0 

450  , 

14  1 

2-20  ' 

29-92     SW,  NW. 

December 

760 

490  ' 

11  ' 

2-96 

3007  1  SW,  NE. 

Rotorua   (lat.    38°    9'    S. ; 

1 
1 

i 

long.    176°   15'   E. ;    alt. 

1 

1 

926  ft.)— 

1 

1 

January 

890 

42-0 

7  1 

1-53  1 

30-26  i  SW. 

February 

850 

430 

8  ' 

0-73  ' 

30-35     NE. 

^larch 

790 

410 

5  1 

0-42  1 

30-41     NE. 

April 

740 

34-0 

6  ! 

2-29 

30-31     SW. 

May 

68-0  ' 

330 

16 

3-53 

30-34     SW." 

June 

600  , 

310 

17 

10-31  1 

30-10  1  SW. 

July 

590  ' 

310 

13 

7-45  1 

30-17     SW.  S. 

August 

650  1 

330 

8  ■ 

3-21 

30-31  !  SE,  SW. 

September    . . 

63  0  1 

38-0 

20 

5-47  1 

29-90  i  SW. 

October 

700 

430 

20 

7-37 

30-12     NE. 

November 

770  1 

43-0 

11 

3-11 

30-11     SW,  W. 

December     . . 

80-0  1 

45-0 

7  . 

2-42 

30-31     SW,  S,  NW 

METEOBOIiOGY. 

20 

Temperatare 
in  bhade. 

Rainfall. 

II 

SuUoDi  and  Months. 

1 

1 

Fall. 

Prevailing 
Wind. 

Httnee  (lat.    39°    32'  S. ;  i ''  l^ahr. 

=  Pahr. 

No. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

long.  176°  53'  E.  ;     alt. 

14  ft.)- 

J&nuary 

. 

6 

1-51 

.  , 

Februaiy 

.     830 

43-5 

2 

012 

30-11  t 

March 

820 

450 

11 

1-69 

30-12 

NE. 

April 

810 

340 

8 

1-99 

29-99 

SW.  NW. 

% 

740 

320 

13 

13-13 

30-09 

SE.  8W. 

Jane 

69-7 

30-2 

15 

608 

29-87 

SW. 

July 

;  67-0 

29-6 

13 

6-31 

29-95 

SW. 

August 

64-5 

29-8 

12  1 

5-64 

30-08 

SW. 

September    . 

67-2 

35-5 

16 

3-52 

29-64 

SW. 

October 

730 

370 

14 

4-93 

29-83 

SW,  NE,  E. 

November 

81-0 

41-0 

14 

3-24 

29-77  1 

NW,  SW. 

December     . 

,  81-0 

39-5 

14 

1-62 

29-96 

i 

NW,  SW. 

^•w  Pijrmoath  (lat.  39°  3' 

1 
i 

• 

|5*S.;  long.  174°  4'  58"  ; 

^.;  alt.  200  ft.)— 

January                               730 

430 

15 

2-78 

29-91  i 

W,  NW. 

February 

760 

460 

6 

1-74 

:30-ll  ' 

SW,  W.  NW. 

March 

760 

470 

10 

1-26 

30-16 

SE,  SW. 

April 
May 

700 

380 

24  < 

4-30 

30-08 

SW,  SE. 

690 

400 

17 

4  41  ' 

30-10 

SE,  SW. 

June 

690 

310 

24  ; 

14-84 

29-88  ■ 

SE.  SW. 

July 

67.0 

350 

24 

5-18  i 

29-95 

SE. 

August 

.      680 

390 

19 

3-70  1 

3006 

SE. 

September    . 

650 

450 

26 

6-71 

29-09  . 

NW,  SE. 

October 

650 

430 

26 

9-31 

29-87 

NW,  NE. 

November 

'   720 

450 

22 

6  02  ! 

29-89 

NW. 

December 

750 

410 

16  ; 

3-68 

3009 

NW. 

Momabaki  (lat.  34°  46'  S.  ; 

1 

long.    174°   42'    E. ;    alt. 

250  ft.)—                               1 

1 

i 

1 

January                       ..  i   740 

44-4 

14  ' 

217 

29-80 

W,  NW. 

February 

,   79-8 

44-7 

3 

014 

30-00 

S. 

March 

75-1 

410  1 

6 : 

204 

30-07 

W,  N. 

April 

68-7 

360 

13  i 

3-43 

29-96 

W. 

May 

66-5 

350 

12 

3-89  ! 

30-03 

S,  W. 

June 

.   61-8 

31-2  , 

19 

8-80  , 

2907 

w,  s. 

July 

58-3 

30-1 

13 

1-70 

29-76 

N,  W,  S. 

August 

;   64-2 

30-2 

12 

2  38 

29-99 

N,  S,  W. 

September    . 

60-3 

361 

21 

4-6G 

29-55 

W,  S,  N. 

October 

;   67-8 

37-2 

18 

612 

2976 

W.N. 

November 

72-7 

40-2 

17 

4-54 

2979 

W. 

December     . 

.  '   77-2 

390 

15 

4-41 

29-70  i 

W. 

202 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   YBAB-BOOK. 


SIfttioni  ABd  llonthi. 


Tamperalare 
In  Shade. 


s 

I 


I 

3 


RainlklL 


Si 


Fall. 


II 

ll 


PreTftlUnc 

WlBd. 


Leviu  (iat.  40°  37'  8. ;  long. 
175"  17'  E. ;  alt.  119ft.)- 

January 

February 

Marob 

April 

May 

June 

July 

AngiiRt 

S-ptember   . . 

O-'tober 

November 

December 


Wellington  (Iat.  41°  IG'  .26" 
S.;  long.  174°  46'  20"  E. ; 
alt.  140  ft.)- 


o  Fniir  •  °  Fahr. 


353 
382 
36-5 
313 
310 
25  0 
20  0 
25-8 
29  8 
310 
390 
34  4 


..      72  0 

. .      800 

. .      73  0 

. .      70  5 

. .      670 

. .      61-8 

. .  ,   58  2 

..      66  0 

. .  1   63-3 

..      68  8 

..      70  0 

..      78  0 

I 


January 

.      756 

Fel)ruary 

.      770 

March 

.      73-2 

Apnl 

.  '    73  2 

May 

.  j    65  5 

June 

.      61  7 

July 

.  ■    62  9 

AugUNt 

.       62  8 

September    . . 

.  1    59-5 

October 

.      640 

November 

.       718 

December 

.  ;   740 

! 

1 

Christchurch    (Ut.    43"   32' 
S.;  long.  172^  3>i'E.)           - 

Jantiary 

.      88  9 

February 

.  1    79-8 

Marcu 

.      77  2 

April 

.  :  781 

May 

.      67  0 

June 

.      69  0 

July 

.  ,    59  5 

August 

.      5S4 

September    .. 

.      59  4 

October 

.      67-2 

November     . . 

.  1    76-8 

December     . . 

.  '    86  6 

398 
41-2 
368 
303 
29  8 
22  3 
26  1 
23-8 
31  7 
31  0 
33- 1 
346 


No. 


I 


'  41-9      12 

I  45  0        " 

\  45  8 

i  400 

I  430 

I  30  5 
33-2 

,  32-5 

'  38  5 

;  41-3 

I  43  8 

!  41  6 


luches. 


1-36 
109 
2-75 
224 
1-82 
9-37 
117 
1-59 
524 
5  81 
290 
316 


22  I 

14 

19 

18 

13 

15 

13 


14  I 

8 ; 

11  i 

14  : 

6  , 

15 
14 
11 
15 
14 
9 
12 


232 
1-45 
539 
426 
678 
8  65 

2  19 
273 
602 
617 

3  32 
289 


165 
2  39 
1-79 
136 
0  98 
600 
1-86 
103 
6  62 
3-23 
2-29 
1-35 


Ineheii. 


29-71 
29-83 
29  90 
29-94 
30-03 
3011 
80  13 
3018 
29  81 
29  87 
2975 
29-79 


29  85 

30  09 
3012 
2998 
3011 
29-88 
29  95 
3010 
29-65 
29  83 
29  77 
29  96 


29  82 
30.06 
3007 
29-92 
3008 
29  85 
29  91 
80-06 
2962 
2976 
29  65 
29-88 


NW. 

NW. 

NVV. 

NW. 

E. 

E. 

E. 

E. 

E,  NW. 

NW. 

NW. 

NW. 


S,  N. 
S,  N. 
N,  S. 
N,  NW. 
N,  S. 
S. 

s. 

N,  S 
S,  NW. 
N.  S. 
N.  NW. 

N,  NVV. 


I 


SW,  NE. 
SW,  NE. 
NE. 

SW,  NE. 
SW,  NE. 
SW. 

SW.  NE. 
SW,  NE. 
SW,  NE. 
SW.  NE. 
W.  SW. 
SW.  NE. 


IfSTBOBOIiOaT. 


203 


Temperalnxe 
In&ada. 

B^^n^r" 

II 

i 

i 

1 

II 

Fall. 

Prevailing 
WindT^ 

Liacoln     College,     Oaater- 

°Pahr. 

«Fahr. 

No. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

bar/  (lat.  43°  89'  16^  8. ; 

'         j 

loDg.  17Sr»38'59*B.;  alt. 

42  f  s.)— 

JftDuary 

94  0 

407     13 

1-86 

2984 

SW,  NE. 

February 

88-9 

433       9 

305 

3005 

NE. 

March 

81-5 

390     11 

1-70 

3007     NE. 

April 

806 

311  ;  11 

1-65  1 

29-92 

NE. 

May 

693 

31-6  1  10  i 

2-21 

30  09 

NE,  SW. 

June 

703 

24-5     14  i 

4-24 

29-86 

SW,  NE. 

July 

621 

27-7  1  16  ; 

1-55 

29-93 

NE,  SW. 

August 

614 

270  1  13 

1-38 

30  06  1  NE,  SW. 

September    . . 

61-6  1   33-5  1  16  i 

4-39 

29  03  ;  SW,  NE. 

October 

71-2 

31-6      14 

295 

29  75  ;  NE. 

November     . . 

79-9 

34-6     12  I 

215 

29-65     NE,  SW. 

December 

87-2 

350  '  13  ; 

1 

1-66 

29  88     NE,  SW. 

Hokitika  (lat.  42<»  41' 8(r  8. ; 

'         1 

' 

long.   170°  49'   B. ;    alt. 

j         1 

12  ft.)- 

1 

January 

800 

37-0     10 

3-80 

29-87  :  SW.  NW. 

February 

75-5 

460       8  ! 

4-79 

30-07     SW. 

March           . .             . .  ' 

760  1   44-5  '  10 

7-46 

30  12     SW. 

April 

750      34  0  1  15  ' 

5-72 

3001     SW. 

May 

650 

32  5  ,  10 

G-59 

30-99     E,  NW. 

June 

640 

270     13 

1118 

29  84     E,  NW. 

July 

585 

300  '  18 

12-27 

29-92     E,  NW. 

AQgUSt 

640 

31-0     13 

6-62 

30-06     E. 

September    . . 

780 

350  ;  18 

801 

29-58     E,  SW. 

October 

650 

360     21 

813 

29  78     SW,  NW,  E. 

November 

680 

38  0  ,  20  : 

10-56 

29-76     NW,  SW. 

December     . . 

74-0 

390     20 

1         ' 

8-70  1 

29-95     NW,  S\^^ 

Leith  Valley,  Danedin  (lat. 

1 

1 

45°  52'  11"  S.  ;  long.  170° 

31' r'E.;  alt.  300  ft.)— 

1 

January 

800 

40  0  i  21 

5-91 

29-78     SW.  NE. 

February 

740 

41-0  1  10 

259 

29-97     W.  NE. 

March 

820 

420  ;  14 

231 

29  97     W,  NE. 

April 

650 

380  '  17  ■ 

4-39 

29-89     SW,  W. 

May 

630 

32  0      12  , 

3  52 

30  00     SW,  W. 

June 

610 

310     13 

2-38 

29-78     SW,  W. 

July 

680 

32  0    14 : 

2  22  , 

29-83     SW,  NE. 

August 

680 

320 

8  1 

0-84 

29-96  ;  SW.  NE. 

September    .. 

660 

330 

24 

11-05 

29-58     NE,  SW. 

October 

700 

34  0 

17  i 

7-18 

29  74  I  NE,  W. 

November    . . 

740 

360 

15 

5  96 

29-67  '  NW.  W.  N. 

December    . . 

830  j 

380  1 

15 

5-49 

29-88 

SV^,^. 

204 


NEW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   YEAB-BOOK. 


"'r^h^Je^^^      «-i"'-»- 

II 

Kg 

\ 

I 

Stations  and  Months. 

1 

owest. 

Wet 
Days. 

Fall. 

PrevailiDg 
Wind. 

X 

A      1      ^ 

So 

Ohatbam  Islands  (lat.  43''52' 

o  Fahr. 

»Fahr.   No.' 

Inches. 

Inches. 

S.;  long.  176°  42' W.;  alt. 

100  ft.)— 

1 

January 

GGO 

42  0  ;  20 

4-95 

29-56 

SW.  E. 

February 

700 

440  i     8 

1-45 

29-75 

N,  SW. 

March 

680 

410 

18 

6-75 

29-87 

SW. 

April 

650 

390 

15  ■ 

4-32 

29  68 

SW,  W.  NW. 

May 

600 

350 

15 

0-82 

29-88 

SW. 

June 

60-0 

310 

19 

269 

29-58 

SW. 

July 

550 

330     19 

3-54 

29-74 

SW.  N.  BE. 
SE,  SW,  N. 

August 

570 

360     24 

7-97 

29-83 

September    . . 

590 

390     26 

516 

29-43 

NE,  SW. 

October 

i   640 

340     12 

2-86 

2976 

SE,  N. 

November 

660 

390  !  16 

3  75 

29-60 

NW. 

December 

68-0 

410 

13 

2-48 

2971 

SW.  NW. 

Twelve  Stations  :  Comparative  Table  :  Year  1905. 


Temperature 
in  Shade. 

Rainfall. 

% 

■*»  u 

"S 

•a 

1 

«§ 

stations. 

d 

d 
*»  2 

Greatest 

Whid. 

• 

Sd 

?  d 

2  d 

Fall, 

.aQ 

|Q 

0-3  land  Date. 

©35 

s 

3 

r 

^ 

0  Fahr. 

'    °  Fahr. 

1 
No. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Auckland 

78-5, 
19  Jan. 

37-0, 
5  June 

173 

1-82, 
2  Mar. 

SW. 

Rotor  ua 

890, 
17  Jan. 

1        31-0. 
5  Juno 

1:^8 

2-57, 
1  June 

SW. 

Meaneo 

830, 
8  Jan. 

29-6, 
19  July 

i:t8 

3-95, 
22  May 

29-95 

SW. 

New  Plymouth 

1        76-0. 

310, 
5  June 

229 

2-40, 
31  May 

SE.  NW. 

Momahaki 

'        79-8. 
23  Feb. 

3001. 
3  July 

163 

r63, 
IC)  Dec. 

1  w. 

Levin    ... 

HOO. 
5  Feb. 

2.50, 
7  June 

!  149 

208, 
25  June 

NW. 

Wellington       

770, 
6  Feb. 

30r), 
5  June 

172 

1-93, 
25  Oct. 

29-94 

iN,S. 

Christchurcb   ... 

1        88-9. 
1      16  Jan. 

2-2-3, 
5  Juno 

143 

1-51 
9  June 

29  89 

SW,  NE. 

Lincoln 

94  0. 
i     16  Jan. 

1      -i-i-s. 
1     5  June 

152  ! 

1-40 
12  May 

29  89 

NE,  SW. 

Hokitika           

800 
30  Jan. 

270 
5  June 

:  176 1 

343 
25  July 

29  92 

SW%  E. 

Dunedin 

830 
13  Dec. 

310 
2  June. 

:  180 

3-29 
1  Sept. 

29-83 

SW. 

Chatham  Islands 

700, 

310 

205 

1-75 

SW. 

25  Feb. 

1 

5  June 

1 

17  Mar. 

1 
i 

METEOBOLOOr. 


205 


I 

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S^'s  ^  S  S  o  §  S  i  s 

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S  £!  S   ar^SolS  sss  s  g  ss 

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S                   i        OS 

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«  a  w                  «  B  •?  e 

NEW    EBALAND    OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


II 

* 

II 

* 

8 

8 

<-t 

2 

iS 

a 

2 

5 

a 

, 

p 

9 

^ 

H. 

C 

-3 

a 

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s. 
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5 

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a 

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a 

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s 

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SECTION  VI.— VITAL  STATISTICS. 


BiBTHS. 

Thb  number  of  births  registered  in  the  colony  during  1905  was 
23,682,  or  27 -22  in  every  1,000  persons  living.  The  rate  is  the 
highest  reached  since  the  year  1894,  the  number  of  births  being 
916  in  excess  of  that  for  the  year  1904,  an  increase  of  4  02  per 
cent.  From  1882  until  the  year  1899  there  was  a  regular  fall  in 
the  birth-rate.  The  number  of  births  registered  in  a  year  reax^hed 
19,846  in  1884,  and,  after  falling  to  17,876  in  1892,  has  risen  to 
23,682  in  1905  as  stated  above. 

The  figures  for  each  year  from  1882  are  worthy  of  notice, 
especially  in  connection  with  the  subsequent  particulars  given  as 
to  marriages  solemnised  and  the  growth  of  population  : — 


Tear. 

1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 


Number  of 
Births. 

19,009 
19,202 
19.846 
19,693 
19,299 
19,135 
18,902 
18,457 
18,278 
18.273 
17,876 
18,187 


Rate  per  1,000 
of  Population. 

37-32 
36-28 
36-91 
34-35 
3315 
3209 
31-22 
3007 
29-44 
2901 
27-83 
27-50 


Year. 

1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 


Number  of 
Births. 

18,528 
18,546 
18,612 
18,737 
18,955 
18,835 
19,546 
20,491 
20,655 
21,829 
22,766 
23,692 


Rate  per  1,000 
of  Population. 

27-28 
26-7e 
26-33 
25-96 
25-74 
25-12 
25  60 
2634 
25-89 
2661 
26-94 
•  27-22 


The  marriages  have  increased 
of  the  colony  also. 


numerically,  and  the  population 


Year. 

1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1693 


Number  of 
Marriages. 

3,600 
3.612 
3,800 
3,813 
3,488 
3,563 
3,617 
3,632 
3,797 
3.805 
4,002 
4,115 


Mean  Popula- 
tion (excluding 
Maoris). 
509,309 
529,292 
652,590      I 
673,362 
582,117       I 
596,374 
605,371 
612,716 
620.780 
629,783 
642,245 
661,349 


Year. 

1894 
1895 
1806 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 


Number  of 
Marriages. 

4,178 
4.110 
4,843 
4,928 
5,091 
5,461 
5,860 
6,095 
0,394 
6,748 
6,983 
7,200 


Mean  Popula- 
tion (excluding' 
Maoris). 

679,196 
692.417 
706,846 
721,609 
736,260 
749,984 
763,594 
777,968 
797,793 
820,217 
845,022 
870,000 


208 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 


The  average  number  of  children  to  a  marriage  may  be  aa 
tained  by  comparing  the  number  of  legitimate  births  for  a  serief 
years  with  the  marriages,  but  commencing  with  the  marriages 
the  year  preceding  that  for  which  the  first  number  of  births  is  tali 

The  figures  for  the  twenty-year  period  1886-1905  show  a  dec! 
in  the  proportion  of  births  to  every  marriage  in  the  preceding  y 
from  490  to  324,  as  below  : — 


Year. 

Marriages. 

Legitimato 
Blrthe. 

Proportion  of  Bi 
to  every 

in  Ihe  Precedi 
Year. 

1885 

3.815 

1886 

3.489 

18,697 

4-90 

1887 

3,565 

18.618 

5-31 

1888 

3,617 

18.325 

514 

1889 

3,632 

17,845 

4-93 

1890 

3.797 

17,675 

4-87 

1891 

3,805 

17.635 

4-64 

1892 

4.002 

17.283 

4-64 

1893 

4,115 

17.614 

4-37 

1894 

4,178 

17.824 

4-33 

1895 

. 

17.711 

4-24 

1895 

4,110 

1896 

4,843 

17,778 

4-32 

1897 

K928 

17,911 

3-70 

1898 

5,091 

18,154 

3-68 

1899 

5,401 

18.00G 

3-54 

1900 

5,800 

18,640 

3.41 

1901 

G,(.K)5 

19,554 

3-34 

1902 

6,304 

19.734 

3-23 

1903 

6.748 

20,835 

3-26 

1904 

G,983 

21,737 

3-22 

1905 

. 

:>2,G00 

3-24 

If  the  average  result  be  taken  out  for  the  ten  years  188(>-li 
it  will  be  found  to  represent  4-73  births  to  a  marriage.  Dea 
similarly  with  the  figures  for  1896-1905  the  result  is  an  averag< 
3*49,  so  that  regarded  annually  or  decennially  there  is  a  decided 
to  be  observed. 

In  the  Australian  States  a  similar  decrease  is  noticeable. 

New  Zealand  had  in  1880  the  highest  birth-rate  (40-78) 
1900  the  case  was  reversed  ;  but  in  1905  the  New  Zealand  rate 
higher  than  that  of  Queensland  (1904),  New  South  Wales,  Vict( 
and  South  Australia. 


BIRTHS. 


209 


The  movement  over  ten  years  is  calculated  as  under : — 

BiBTH-BATES   PEB  1,000  OF   POPULATION. 


Stkte  or  Colony. 


1896. 


1897. 


1898. 


1899. 


1900. 


1901. 


1902.  '  1903.  i  1904.  i  1905. 


Qaeeneland 

.   3006 

New  South  Wales 

.   28-85i 

Victoria 

.   27-33: 

Sooth  Auatralia 

.   28-461 

Wtttem  Australia 

.   22  65 

Tasmania 

.  ;28-16 

New  Zealand . . 

.  [26-33 

I  I  '  ^  I  ,  !  I 

29-92I28-28  27-31 30-21  28-28127-68  24-71  2712'    . . 

28-42  27-14l27-1027-43'27-60|27-17  2528  26-73|26-73 

26-59,25-72:26-71 25-82|25-77i25  23  24  46  24-65:24-83 

126  97  24-98125-51  25-78  25-39124-85  2343  24-70123-82 


25-82,29-35|30  64  31-46  30-32 
27-73  26-24'25-98  28  25'28-40 
25  96  25-74  2512  25-60|26-34 


30-09  30  27  30-34'30-30 
28-95  28.61  29  59  29-32 
25-89  26-61  26-94  27-22 


This  table  shows  that  although  New  Zealand  had  in  1900  the 
lowest  birth-rate  in  Australasia,  the  rate  in  this  colony  for  1905  was 
higher  than  that  of  Victoria  and  some  others. 

A  declining  birth-rate  is  noticeable  in  many  civihsed  countries, 
and  attention  has  been  drawn  by  statisticians  and  political  econo- 
mists to  the  serious  consequences  that 'may  result.  That  fertility 
among  women  in  New  Zealand  is  decreasing,  from  whatever  causes, 
further  facts  will  tend  to  show. 

Taking  the  number  of  married  women  in  New  Zealand  at 
what  may  be  considered  the  child-bearing  ages  (i.e.,  from  15  to  45 
years,  inclusive)  as  shown  by  each  census  since  1878,  and  for 
the  same  years  the  number  of  legitimate  births  (excluding  plural) 
registered,  the  birth-rate  per  1,000  married  women  of  the  above- 
siated  ages  is  easily  found,  and  is  shown  to  be  steadily  declining, 
la  1878  the  rate  was  337  per  1,000,  in  1896  it  had  fallen  to  252,  and 
in  1901  to  244  ;  or,  in  other  words,  in  1878  one  married  woman  of 
the  ages  specified  in  every  three  gave  birth  to  a  child,  while  in  1901 
the  rate  was  one  in  four  only.  The  figures  for  each  census  year  are 
given  below. 

bibth-bates   (legitimate)  peb   1,000   married   womkn    at    cuild-bearing 
Ages  fob  each  Census  Year,  1878  to  1901. 


YeAr  (Census). 


1878 
1881 
1886 
1891 
1896 
1901 


Number  of 
Married  Women 

between 

15  and  45  Years 

of  Age. 

50,995 
57,458 
02,704 
63,165 
69,807 
79,406 


Number 
of  Legitimate 

Births 
(Confinements). 

17,196 
18,003 
18,532 
17,455 
17,596 
19,355 


Birtli-rate 

per  1,000 

Married  Women 

of  from  15  to  V) 

Years  of  Age. 

337-2 
313-3 
295-5 
276-3 
252-1 
243-8 


And  another  table  is  given,  showing  for  a  period  of  twenty  years 
the  numbers  of  married  women  at  the  quinquennial  periods  of  age 
belonging  to  the  full  term  15  to  45  years,  with  the  proportions 
that  those  numbers  bear  to  every  100  married  \vomen  living  at 
15-45. 


210 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


These  proportions  are  found  to  have  diminished  appreciably  at 
the  earlier  ages,  15-20  and  20-25 ;  but  the  numbers  of  the  living  are 
much  smaller  at  those  ages  than  at  the  higher  ones,  25-30  and 
onwards  to  40-45,  and  the  effect  of  this  lesser  number  of  wives  at 
the  lower  ages  in  reducing  the  birth-rate  would  not  be  so  much  as 
might  at  first  be  thought  probable. 

It  is,  however,  undoubtedly  a  fa,ct  that  to  have  a  growing  propor- 
tion of  wives  at  the  earlier  productive  ages  is  the  best  position,  but 
it  is  not  the  one  which  obtains  at  present  in  New  Zealand. 

Marbied  Women  ukder  45  Ykars  of  Age,  given  according  to  Age  gboups» 
>£  AT  THK  Censuses  of  1881,  1891,  and  1901;  with  the  Pbopobtion  in 
EACH  Group  for  kvfry  100  of  the  Whole. 

Married  Womi-n  under  45,  excluding  Chinese. 


AKe-Kfoupp. 

Nil  111 
1881. 

bers  at  Census. 

Proportions  per  Cenl. 

1891.            1901. 

1681. 

1601 

1901. 

15-20 
20-25 
25-:^.0 
30-35 
35-40 
40-45 

1.233 

8,996 

..       13,133 

..      12,050 

..      11,811 

9,629 

750 
8,^62 
14,540 
14,576 
12,959 
11,478 

777 
10,053 
17,923 
19.617 
16,854 
14,182 

2- 14 
15-66 
22-86 
22-08 
20-55 
16-76 

1-19 
14-03 
23-02 
23-08 
20-51 
1817 

0-98 
12-66 
22-67 
24-70 
21-28 
1786 

Totals 

..       57,458 

63,105 

79,406 

10000 

10000 

10000 

A  further  table  shows  the  dechning  birth-rate,  and  the  increase  in 
the  inarriage-rate,  in  the  United  Kingdom. 


Birth   and   Marriage  Rates   in   the    United   Kingdom,   1886,    1891,    1896» 

1901,  AND  1903. 

Births.  Marriages. 


- 

Kato  per 

^ 

Bale  per 

Year 

Nuuibor. 

1.000  of 

Number. 

1.000  of 

Population. 

Population. 

Population. 

1B8G 

. .     36.313,582 

1,145,577 

31-5 

241,180 

66 

1891 

..      37.802.440 

1,148  259 

30-4 

275,970 

7-3 

1B9G 

..     39,599.(i72 

1,152,144 

290 

296.080 

7-5 

1901 

..     41,550,773 

1,162,975 

28  0 

313,851 

7-5 

1903 

..     42,J71,219 

1,183,601 

27  9 

316,415 

7-6 

The  above  figures  are  taken  from  the  report  of  the  Registrar- 
General  of  England  (6Gth  number),  pubHshed  in  1905. 

The  birth-rates  for  ten  years  in  Great  Britain  and  certain  coun- 
tries of  the  European  Continent  are  also  given  from  the  same 
source.  Tlie  rates  in  England  and  Wales,  and  in  Scotland,  are 
higher  than  those  in  New  Zealand,  but  the  rate  for  Ireland  is 
lower.     France  has  the  lowest  rate  of  all  quoted  : — 


MABBIAQE-BATES. 


211 


BiBTH-BATSS  Df   EUROPEAN  COUNTRIES,    1894   TO   1903. 


Number  of  Births  per  1.000  of  Moan  Population. 


Cottotriee. 

ISM. 

1806.      1896. 

1 

1807. 

1808. 

1899.  j  1900.     1901. 

1902.  j  1908. 

Hungary 

41-5 

41-9 

40-6 

40  3  1  37-7 

39-3     39-3'  37-8 

38-8  '  36-7 

AosVrU 

86-7 

381 

380 

37-6 

36-2 

371     37-3'  36-9     370 

Italy 

36-4 

34-7 

34-7 

34-6 

33-4 

33-8     32-9   32-6     33  3 

31-5 

German  Empire 

35-9 

361 

363 

360 

361 

35-8     35  6   35-7 

351 

Neiherlanda  .. 

32-7 

32-8 

32-7 

32-6 

31-9 

320     31-6   32-3 

31-8 

31-6 

Scotland 

29-9 

300 

30-4 

300     301 

29-8     29-6i  29-5 

29-2  1  29-2 

Norway 

29-8 

306 

30-4 

300 

30-3 

30-9      301|  29-8  j  291      287 

Eogland    and 

29-6 

30-2 

29-6 

29-5 

29-3 

291      28  7   28-5  1  28-5     28-4 

Wales 

1 

Belgiam 

290 

28-6 

290 

29-0  '  28-6 

28-8  '  28-9;  29-4  ,  28  4  ■  27*5 

Sweden 

271 

27-6 

27-2 

26-7 

27-1 

26-4  1  26-9   27  0  1  26o 

25-6 

S^vitserland   .. 

271 

271 

27-9 

281 

28-4 

28-9     28-6:  291      28  7 

27-7 

Ireland 

22-9 

23-2 

23-6 

23-6 

23-2 

22-9     22-7    22-7     230     23-1 

Fr  Anoe 

22-3     21-7  '  22-5 

22-3 

21-8 



21-9     21-4    220  .  21-7     211 

From  the  year  1895  marriages  have  shown  an  increase,  the  rate 
being  then  6-94  per  1,000  of  population.  In  1905  the  rate  rose  to 
8-28,  the  highest  record  since  1875,  when  it  was  894  per  1,000  of 
mean  population.  The  number  of  marriages  solemnised  in  1905  was 
7,200,  an  increase  of  217  on  the  number  for  1904. 

Mabrtaqe-rates  in  Australasia  per  1,000  of  Population  fob  Five  Years. 


1901. 


1902. 


190:J. 


1904. 


1905. 


Queensland 

.     6-61 

6-31 

5-72 

5-93 

New  South  Wales 

.     768 

7-53 

6-86 

7-21 

7-42 

Victoria 

.     699 

702 

6-29 

6-80 

7-24 

South  Australia  . . 

..     614 

661 

625 

6-85 

700 

Western  Australia 

..     9-65 

9-77 

933 

8-83 

8-48 

Tasmania 

. .     7  68 

7-47 

7-57 

7-55 

7-61 

New  Zealand 

. .     7-83 

801 

8-23 

8-26 

8-28 

In  April,  1896,  New  Zealand  had  83,659  children  living  under  the 
age  of  five  years,  and  in  March,  1901,  the  number  was  86,806,  an 
increase  of  d,147i  although  the  population  at  all  ages  increased  in 
the  Quinquennium  by  9*86  per  cent.  Between  1886  and  1891  the 
chiloren  living  under  five  years  actually  decreased  in  number  by 
3,624,  the  increase  of  population  of  all  ages  (8-33  per  cent.)  being 
less  than  between  1891  and  1896  (12-24  per  cent.^,  or  1896  and 
1901  (9-86  per  cent.).  The  number  of  children  under  one  year  to 
the  total  population  at  all  ages,*  according  to  the  results  of  four 
censuses,  was : — 

Childron  ander    Total  Population 
Que  Year.  (all  Agea). 

Census  1886  ..  ..  ..  18,355  578,482 

1891  ..  ..  ..  16,443  626,658 

1896  ..  ..  ..  17.070  703,360 

1901  ..  ..  ..  18,381  Tl^,1\^ 


212  NEW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 

Thus,  in  1886,  with  a  population  of  678,482  persons,  there  were 
18,355  children  under  one  year,  against  18,381  children  of  that  age 
in  1901,  with  a  population  of  772,719  persons. 

The  births  registered  in  1885  were  19,693,  against  19,646  in 
1900.  The  birth-rate  fell  from  34-35  per  1,000  of  the  population 
in  1885  to  25-60  in  1900. 

Deducting  1,469,  the  number  of  deaths  of  children  under  one 
year  registered  in  1900,  from  19,546,  the  number  of  births  for  that 
year,  leaves  18,077,  or  within  304  of  the  living  children  under  one 
year  at  the  time  of  the  last  census. 

Twin  Births. 

There  were  242  cases  of  twin  births  (484  children),  and  triplets 
were  registered  in  three  instances,  in  1905.  The  number  of  children 
born  was  23,682 ;  the  number  of  mothers  was  23,434 :  thus,  on  an 
average,  one  mother  in  every  97  gave  birth  to  twins,  against  93 
in  1904,  and  97  in  1903. 

Illegitimacy. 

The  births  of  1,082  children  were  illegitimate  :  thus  46  in  every 
1,000  children  born  were  born  out  of  wedlock,  against  45  in 
1904. 

The  following  table  gives  the  rates  of  illegitimacy  in  Australasia. 
The  rate  in  1905  in  New  Zealand  was  less  than  in  any  of  the  Aus- 
tralian States  except  South  Australia  and  Western  Australia: — 

Proportion  of  Illegitimate  Births  in  every  100  Births 

Wnr     Queens-    New  South       victoria  Soutli  Western    Tasmnnin  ^®^ 

^^^^       lan.l.  Wales.  Victoria.       Australia.   Australia,    ^^smania.     2.ea,\tLnd. 


189G 

5-22 

5-71 

5  03 

3-45 

561 

5-91 

4-48 

1897 

GOi>  1 

G-58 

5-42 

3-53 

5-27 

5-74 

4-41 

1898 

G  04  ' 

6-93   1 

5-29 

362 

4  99 

509 

4-23 

1899 

0-97 

715   ! 

5-49 

3-95 

4-91 

608 

4-40 

1900 

G-40 

701   1 

5-91 

4  24 

4-82 

5-43 

4-63 

1901 

5-93 

7-lG   1 

5-58   , 

3-98 

388  , 

5-94 

4-57 

190-2 

G04 

GGO   ' 

551 

4  36 

3-96  ' 

5-86 

4-46 

1903 

G-7G 

G-71   , 

5-73 

4-18 

4C>9 

5-61 

4-55 

1904 

G80 

7-12   1 

5-74   : 

4  01 

4-36 

5-82 

4-52 

1905 

7-37   1 

5G1 

437 

419 

5-52 

4-57 

These  figures  show  the  proportion  of  illegitimate  births  to  every 
100  births  for  this  colony  to  be  very  steady  for  the  period  1896-1906  ; 
the  ditference  amounts  only  to  009  per  cent,  on  a  comparison  of  the 
first  and  last  years. 

The  total  number  of  births  registered  was  19,299  in  1886  and 
23,682  in  1905,  while  the  illegitimate  births  rose  from  602  to  1,082. 
The  causes  that  led  to  the  fall  in  the  birth-rate  certainly  did  not 
greatly  affect  the  number  of  illegitimate  children. 


IliLEGITIMACY. 


213 


The  number  of  spinsters  in  the  colony  between  15  and  45 
increased  during  the  ten  years  from  65,035  (census  1891)  to  100,310 
(census  1901),  or  at  the  rate  of  55*9  per  cent.,  while  the  illegiti- 
mate births  increased  from  638  to  937,  or  at  the  rate  of  46*9  per 
cent.  only. 

It  would  therefore  appear  that  the  larger  proportion  of  illegiti- 
mate births  now  obtaining  cannot  with  any  certainty  be  taken 
as  indicative  of  increased  looseness  of  living  on  the  part  of  the 
people. 

The  following  figures,  showing  the  rate  of  illegitimacy  per  100 

births  in  Australasia   and   in  the  United  Kingdom,  are  based  on 

statistics  for  a  period  of  five  years  in  the  former,  and  ten  years  in 
the  latter : — 


Country. 

UleRitimate 

Births 

per  Cent. 

j                   Country. 

Illegitimate 

Births 

per  Cent. 

New  South  Wales 
Victoria 
Queensland 
S3Qth  Australia 
Western  Australia 

69 
5-7 
64 

.  1           4-2 
43 

1  Tasmania 

New  Zealand  . . 

England  and  Wales 
i|  Ireland 

Scotland 

'  58 
4-.'3 

1  4-2 
2-6 
7-2 

Of  the  total  number  of  children  born  in  Australasia  during  the 
five  years  ended  1900,  5-67  per  cent,  were  illegitimate,  as  com- 
pared with  4-42  per  cent,  in  the  United  Kingdom  for  the  same 
period. 

The  figures  in  the  next  table,  which  give  the  percentages  of 
illegitimate  births  in  a  number  of  foreign  countries,  cover  iu  most 
cases  a  period  of  five  years. 


Illegitimate 

Illegitimate 

Country. 

births 

I                     Country. 

mrths 

per  Cent. 

per  Cent. 

Germany 

. .  !         908 

France 

882 

Prussia 

. .  ;         7-68 

[  Belgium 

7-67 

Bavaria 

. .  1       13-43 

1  Netherlands 

2G0 

Saxony 

. .  1       12  89 

'  Sweden 

1113 

Austria 

14-20 

Norway 

743 

Hungary 

913 

Italy 

6-45 

For  England  and  Wales  the  proportion  of  illegitimate  births  to 
the  total  births  in  1903  was  3-9  per  cent.,  having  gradually  dimi- 
nished from  7  per  cent,  in  1845.  The  minimum  rate  was  24  per 
cent.,  in  Monmouthshire,  and  the  maximum  11  per  cent.,  in  Mont- 
gomeryshire.    For  London  the  percentage  was  3-6. 

The  average  proportion  of  illegitimate  births  in  Scotland  in  five 
years  was  6*3  per  cent.,  but  in  Ireland  the  extremely  low  average 
of  2-6  per  cent,  obtained. 


214  NIW    ESALAND  OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 

The  Lbgitimation  Act. 

An  important  Act  was  passed  in  1894,  entitled  the  Legitima- 
tion Act,  which  makes  provision  for  the  legitimation  of  children 
bom  before  marriage  on  the  subsequent  marriage  of  their  parents. 
Under  this  Act  any  child  born  out  of  wedlock,  whose  parents 
afterwards  marry,  is  deemed  to  be  legitimised  by  such  marriage 
on  the  birth  being  registered  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  the 
Act.  For  legitimation  purposes  Registrars  must  register  a  birth 
when  called  upon  to  do  so  by  any  person  claiming  to  be  the  father 
of  an  illegitimate  child ;  but  such  person  is  required  to  make  a 
solemn  declaration  that  he  is  the  father,  and  that  at  the  time  of  the 
birth  there  existed  no  legal  impediment  to  his  marriage  with  the 
mother  of  the  child.  He  has  also  to  produce  the  evidence  of  his 
marriage.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  in  cases  dealt  with  under  the 
Act  registration  becomes  the  test  of  legitimacy.  In  the  December 
quarter  of  1894,  11  children  were  legitimised ;  in  the  year  1895  the 
number  was  68;  in  1896,  56;  in  1897,  48;  in  1898,  59;  in  1899, 
41 ;  in  1900.  62 ;  in  1901,  47 ;  in  1902,  96 ;  in  1903,  65 ;  in  1904, 
87 ;  and  in  1905,  84;  making  altogether  724  legitimations  since  the 
passing  of  the  law. 

"  The  Infant  Life  Pkotection  Act,  1896." 

By  this  statute  it  has  been  rendered  unlawful  for  a  person  to  take 
charge,  for  payment,  of  an  infant  to  maintain  or  nurse  for  more  than 
three  days  without  holding  a  license  as  an  infants'  home  keeper. 
The  house  of  such  a  person  must  be  registered  as  an  infants'  home. 

The  administration  of  tliis  law  is  a  matter  entirely  managed  by 
the  police.  The  licensed  homes  are  periodically  inspected,  and  the 
results  have  shown  that  licensees  generally  comply  with  the  required 
conditions,  the  homes  and  infants  being  well  looked  after. 

The  Commissioner  in  his  report  for  the  year  ended  31st  March, 
1905,  writes  :— 

During  the  year  there  were  528  registered  homos  throughout  the  colony, 
roprescDting  728  infants,  against  644  homes  and  854  infants  in  1903. 

Twenty-one  deaths  occurred  in  the  homes  during  the  year,  against  twenty- 
eight  in  the  preceding  year.  Five  licensees  were  prosecuted  for  hreaches  of  the 
Act,  and  convicted,  against  six  prosecutions  and  four  convictions  in  1903.  Three 
licenses  \sere  cancelled,  and  no  neglect  by  licensees  was  disclosed  at  inquests. 

Births  and  Bikth-rates  in  the  Four  Chief  Cities. 

The  total  number  of  births  registered  as  occurring  in  the  four 
chief  centres  and  suburbs  in  1905  was  6,335,  as  against  5,970  for 
the  previous  year. 

There  is  increase  in  the  births  for  the  four  chief  cities  and  sub- 
urban boroughs  found  on  comparison  with  figures  for  1904,  The 
birth-rates  for  1905  were  : — 


NATURALISATION. 


215 


Auckland  City     . . 

and  five  enburban  boroughs 
Wellington  City  . . 

,  and  two  suburban  boroughs 

Christchurch  City 

and  OLe  suburban  borough 
Dunedin  City 

and  six  suburban  boronghs 


Birth-rates  per  1.000  of 
Moan  Population. 
30  06 

27-88 
2972 

29-38 
2970 

29-63 
23  90 

23-97 


By  the  inclusion  of  the  suburbs  the  rate  is  raised  at  Dun- 
edin, but  lowered  at  Auckland,  Wellington,  and  Christchurch.  It 
will  be  observed  that  Christchurch  has  the  highest  rate,  Wellington 
next  highest,  Auckland  and  Dunedin  following  with  intervals. 
The  difference  between  the  Christchurch  rate  (29-63)  and  the  Dun- 
edin rate  (23'97)  is  considerable.  The  birth-rate  for  the  whole 
colony  last  year  was  27 -22  per  thousand.  Auckland,  Wellington, 
and  Christchurch  are  thus  over  the  average,  and  Dunedin  below  it. 

The  birth-rates  for  three  of  the  central  boroughs  last  year  show 
a  rise  when  compared  with  1904.  In  Auckland  the  rate  fell  from 
3108  to  30-06;  but  it  rose  in  WeUington  from  2677  to  2972,  in 
Christchurch  from  27*63  to  29-70.  and  in  Dunedin  from  22*40  to 
23-90.     The  rates  for  five  years,  1901  to  1905,  are  :— 

Births  per  1,000  of  Population. 


1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

Auckland  (without  subarbs)  . . 

30  00 

30-80 

31-67 

31-08 

3006 

Wellington 

26-35 

25  29 

29-22 

20-77 

29-72 

Christchurch 

2412 

25-84 

20  69 

27  53 

2970 

Dunedin 

2204 

19-9C 

19-54 

22-40 

23-90 

Naturalisation. 

Aliens  residing  in  the  colony  may,  on  taking  the  oath  of  alle- 
giance to  His  Majesty,  obtain  letters  of  naturalisation  entitling 
them  to  enjoy  all  the  rights  and  privileges  that  a  natural-born 
subject  of  the  United  Kingdom  can  enjoy  or  transmit  within  this 
colony.  Six  hundred  and  seven  aliens  (585  men  and  22  women) 
were  naturalised  in  1905. 

The  number  belonging  to  each  nationality  was  as  under  : — 
Number  of  Aliens  naturalised  in  1905. 

Natives  of — 
German  Empire . . 
Norway 
Sweden 
Denmark 

Russia  and  Finland 
France  and  posse*  sions 
Belgium 
Italy      . . 
Spain    . . 
Austria-Hungary 
China    . . 
Japan    . . 


M. 

F. 

Natives  of— 

M. 

F. 

..       87 

13 

United  States  of  America 

18 

1 

..       46 

1 

Argentine  Republic 

2 

0 

..       78 

0 

Netherlands 

5 

0 

..       61 

3 

Switzerland 

14 

1 

..       33 

0 

Portugal  and  possessions    . 

2 

0 

6 

1 

Turkey  and  Syria 

20 

0 

2 

1 

Houmania 

2 

0 

..       17 

0 

Greece     . . 

5 

0 

2 

0 

Iceland   . . 

1 

0 

. .     138 

1 

Malta      .. 

1 

0 

..       35 

0 

West  Indies 

1 

0 

2 

0 

Samoa 

1 

0 

216 


NEW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 


The  number  of  natives  of  each  country  naturalised  during  the 
last  twenty- three  years  is  next  shown. 


Natives  of— 

Natives  of— 

Germany 

1,674 

Netherlands 

65 

Sweden  with  Norway 

.       1,295 

Greece 

51 

Denmark 

904 

Portugal  . . 

62 

China      .. 

375 

United  States  of  America    . 

97 

Italy  and  Sicily    . . 

234 

Belgium   .. 

33 

Switzerland 

185 

Other  countries 

145 

Russia  in  Europe 

269 

Austria-Hungary  . . 

558 

Total 

.     6,088 

Fran<je    . . 

141 

By  section  2  of  ''The  Aliens  Act  Amendment  Act,  1882,"  re- 
pealed and  re-enacted  by  section  2  of  *'  The  Aliens  Act  Amendment 
Act,  1892,"  it  is  provided  that  when  the  father,  or  mother  being  a 
widow,  has  obtained  naturalisation  in  the  colony,  every  child  who 
during  infancy  has  become  resident  with  them  in  New  Zealand 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  naturalised,  and  shall  have  the  rights  and 
privileges  of  a  natural-born  subject. 

Marriages. 

The  marriages  for  1905  show"  an  increase  on  the  number  for 
the  previous  year.  The  number  was  7,200,  or  217  more  than  in 
1904.  The  marriage-rate  rose  from  8-26  per  1,000  persons  living  in 
1904  to  8'28  in  1905,  the  rate  for  the  latter  year  being  the  highest 
obtained  since  1875,  when  it  stood  at  8*94  per  1,000  persons.  The 
improvement  shown  during  the  last  ten  years  sets  New  Zealand 
in  a  good  position  relatively  to  the  Australian  States. 

The  rates  for  a  series  of  fifteen  consecutive  years  were  : — 


Marriages  per  1,000  of  the  Population. 


Year. 

1   Queen  s- 
'      land. 

1 

7-18 

New  South 
Wales. 

7-39 

Victoria. 
7-69 

South 
Australia 
(Proper). 

7-31 

Western  ' 
Australia. 

Tas- 
mania. 

663 

New 
Zealand. 

1891 

800     , 

604 

1892 

6-67 

6-77 

664 

6-51 

7-29 

6-51 

6-23 

1893 

5-91 

6-40 

5-99 

6-26 

6-34     1 

5-51 

6-22 

1894 

5-70 

6-20 

5  98 

609 

6-24 

5-43 

615 

1895 

0-23 

0-35 

600 

5-88 

6-83 

5-32 

5-94 

1896 

605 

6-59 

6-48 

6-20 

8-45 

5-88 

6-85 

1897 

G-05 

6-72 

6-36 

5-46 

10-73 

6-23 

6-83 

1898 

6-03 

GG6 

0-53 

618 

9-89     ' 

6-29 

6-91 

1899 

6-78 

6-89 

7-01 

6-24 

'       9-89 

6-37 

7-28 

1900 

6-88 

7-38 

6-96 

6-50 

10-27     , 

7-71 

7-67 

1901 

GGl 

7'68 

G-99 

6-44 

9-65 

7-68 

7-88 

1902 

6-31 

7-53 

7-02 

G-61 

9-77     ' 

7-47 

8-01 

1903 

5-72 

6-80 

G-29 

6-25 

9-33 

7-57 

8-23 

1904 

5-93 

7-21 

(')-80 

6-91 

8-83 

7-55 

8-26 

1905 

. 

7-42 

7-24 

7-00 

8-48     - 

7-61 

8-28 

1903 

8-2 

1903 

8-1 

1902 

7-9 

1903 

7-8 

1902 

7-8 

1903 

7-7 

1903 

7-5 

1903 

7-5 

1903 

7-2 

1903 

7-1 

1903 

71 

1903 

7-0 

1903 

60 

1903 

6-8 

1903 

5-2 

MARRIAGES.  217 

The  improved  rate  for  this  colony  is  higher  than  the  rate  for 
the  European  countries  given  in  the  table  following,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Spain. 

Marriages  in  evert  1,000  of  the  Populatiom. 

Spain 

Hungary 

German  Empire 

England  and  Wales 

Austria 

France 

Netherlands 

Switzerland 

Italy 

Belgium 

Denmark 

Scotland 

Norway 

Sweden 

Ireland 

Of  the  marriages  solemnised  in  1905,  6,582  were  between 
bachelors  and  spinsters,  196  between  baxjhelors  and  widows,  316 
between  widowers  and  spinsters,  and  106  between  widowers  and 
widows. 

Divorced  men  and  women  have  been  classified  as  bachelors  or 
spinsters:  35  divorced  men  and  52  divorced  women  were  married 
during  the  year. 

Included  amongst  spinsters  are  six  married  women,  and 
amongst  the  bachelors  four  married  men,  who  elected  to  go 
through  the  form  of  marriage  with  other  persons  under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  provisions  of  section  204,  subsection  (5),  of  "The 
Criminal  Code  Act,  1893,"  which  runs,  "  No  one  commits  bigamy 
by  going  through  a  form  of  marriage  if  he  or  she  has  been  con- 
tinually absent  from  his  or  her  wife  or  husband  for  seven  years 
then  last  past,  and  is  not  proved  to  have  known  that  his  wife  or  her 
husband  was  alive  at  any  time  during  those  seven  years." 

The  total  number  of  marriages  solemnised  (7,200)  does  not 
include  marriages  where  both  parties  are  of  the  aboriginal  native 
race,  such  persons  being  exempted  from  the  necessity  of  coniplyng 
with  the  provisions  of  the  Marriage  Act,  although  at  liberty  to  take 
a^ivantage  thereof.  Twenty-four  marriages  in  which  both  parties 
were  Maoris  were  contracted  in  1905  in  terms  of  the  Act :  8  by 
Registrars,  4  by  clergymen  of  the  Church  of  England,  1  by 
a  Roman  Catholic  minister,  3  by  Methodist  ministers,  and  8  by 
ministers  of  the  Church  of  the  Latter-day  Saints. 

BacheI/ORS  and  Spinsteks  in  New  Zealand. 
The   results   of   three   censuses   in    respect   of   the    number   of 
bachelors  of  20  years  and  upwards,  and  spinsters  of  15  years  and 
upwards,  in  the  colony  show  some    interesting  features.     In  1891 


218 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 


there  was  an  excess  of  bachelors  over  the  spinsters  amounting^  to 
3,497  men.  But  by  1896  not  only  had  the  preponderance  of  the 
male  clement  been  lost,  but  an  excess  of  spinsters  over  bachelors 
was  reported  amounting  to  1,786  women,  while  in  1901  this  excess 
had  risen  to  3,572  women. 

It  is  noticeable  how  differently  the  numbers  for  the  provincial 
districts  have  been  affected  by  the  process  in  operation.  An  ex- 
cess of  baclielors  was  preserved  in  Auckland,  Taranaki,  Hawke's 
Bay,  Wellington,  Marlborough,  Nelson,  and  Westland  from  1891  to 
1901.  In  Canterbury,  however,  an  excess  of  spinsters  was  found 
in  1891  of  2,516,  which  increased  to  3,997  in  1896  and  to  4,918 
in  1901  ;  while  in  Otago  an  excess  of  773  spinsters  in  1891  increased 
to  2,066  in  1896,  and  diminished  slightly  in  1901,  when  there  were 
1,899  more  spinsters  than  bachelors.  These  two  important  districts 
of  the  Middle  Island  have  lost  large  numbers  of  bachelors  by 
departures  to  the  North  Island.  The  following  table  exhibits  the 
particulars  for  each  provincial  district : — 


Census. 

1891. 

Census, 

lf.96. 

Census,  1901. 

£ 

£ 

i 

i 

£ 

^£2      ' 

^2| 

o22 

O  t'Z 

ogl 

^B| 

Provincial  DistriotH. 

SI*    ■ 

III 

1  PI 

,111 

i:*S 

Kooj 

kIs    . 

Wtav. 

wis 

Kxt 

> 

> 

> 

> 

> 

O 

c 

o 

o 

rse 

o 

0 

Total  excess     . .  , 

3,497 

1/ 

3,572 

Auckland 

ir>6 

703 

521 

Tarauaki 

121 

524 

805 

Hawke'fi  liay 

1,837 

1,142 

425 

Wellif)gton 

2,129 

G37 

32 

Marlborough 

G14 

'         183 

158 

Nelson  . . 

1,48G 

1        590 

637 

Westland 

900 

601 

666 

Canterbury 

2,5iG 

3,997 

•     4,918 

Otago    . . 

773 

2,066 

, , 

1,899 

Chatham  Islands 

15 

7 

1 

Kermadec  Island>i 

2 

1 

•• 

Makiuages  by  Ministers  of  various  Denominations. 

Of  the  marriages  in  the  year  1905,  2-4*24  per  cent,  were  solemnised 
by  niinisters  of  the  Church  of  England,  26-43  per  cent,  by  ministers 
of  the  Presbyterian  Churches,  16-76  per  cent,  by  ministers  of  the 
Wesleyan  and  other  Methodist  Churches,  10-2-2  per  cent,  by  ministers 
of  the  Roman  CathoHc  Church,  6-75  per  cent,  by  ministers  of  other 
denominations,  and  1560  per  cent,  by  Registrars. 

The  following  shows  the  proportions  of  marriages  by  ministers 
of  the  principal  denominations  in  the  past  eight  years,  and  the 
percentages  of  tliese  denominations  to  the  total  population  in 
1901  :— 


AQE6  OF  PBH80NS  MARRIED. 


219 


Percentage  of  Marriages. 


Denomination. 


1806.   1809.   1900.   1901.   1902.   1903.  i  1904.  {  1905. 


o  o  g^ 
•  '■S  oS 

S  oog 


Church  of  England 
PresbTterians 
Methodisto 
Bom&n  Catholics  . . 
Other  denominations 
By  Registrars 


28-37 
2602 
13-98 
10-37 
9-25 
1701 


24-17 
25-30 
12-91 
10-87 
934 
17-41 


22  681 
26-38| 
13-2d' 
10-82| 
10-201 


24-91| 
24-48 
13-19, 
10-53 
10-20 


24-581 
25  95 
12-951 
9-94 
10071 


16-691  16-69   16-51 


25-521  24-121 
25-31  25-46 
13-32I  16-30l 
1008  11-14, 
9-87!  654' 
15  90:  16-44 


24-24 
26-43 
16-76 
1022 
6-75 
15-60 


40-84 
22-87 
1086 
14-23 
11-20 


100  00  100  00 100-00|100-00 10000 100  00100  00 100  OOi  100-00 

I I  I 

Marriage  by  the  Registrar  is  found  to  be  less  frequent  than 
it  was  eight  years  ago,  the  percentage  falling  from  17  01  in  1898 
to  15-60  in  1905. 

Marriaob  Beoister  sioned  by  Mare. 

Of  the  men  married  in  1905,  18,  or  2-50  in  every  1,000,  and  of 
the  women  28,  or  388  per  1,000,  signed  the  register  by  marks. 

The  illiteracy  of  the  people,  as  measured  by  the  proportion  of 
married  persons  who  affix  marks  instead  of  signatures  to  the  mar- 
riage register,  has  greatly  decreased  of  late,  having  fallen  since  1881 
from  3204  per  1,000  among  men  to  2-50  per  1,000,  and  from  57*98 
per  1,000  to  3*88  per  1,000  among  women.  This  is  shown  in  a  very 
striking  manner  by  the  following  table  : — 

Persons  in  eveby  1,000  married  who  signed  by  Mark. 


DenominatioD. 

1881. 

1891.             1 

1901.            i 

1905. 

M. 

F. 

M. 

8-29 

F. 
10-66 

M. 
1-32 

F. 

1 
3-29| 

M. 
2-29 

F. 

Church  of  England  . . 

i  16-59 

27-15 

115 

Presbyterians 

'  10-25 

29-61 

5-79 

8  69 

2-68 

469' 

0-53 

1-58 

Wesleyans  and  other 

'■  32-41 

41-79 

8-93 

10-71 

3-73 

3-781 

0-83 

3-31 

Methodists 

1 

1 

1 

Roman  Catholics 

,117-78 

133  33 

31-33 

18-28 

6  23 

7-79: 

1-36 

4-08 

Other  denominations 

1  10-36 

2072 

9-26 

1 

161 

3-2-2 

By  Registrars 

39-22 

93-61 

27-42 

43-08 

13-77 

15-73 

1 

9-80 
2  .50  1 

1425 

Total  marriages 

1  3204 

57-98 

13-93 

1082 

4-59 

6-23 

! 

3-88 

The  proportion  of  illiterates  in  1901  and  1905  was  greatest  among 
those  married  before  Registrars.  Previously  the  proportion  was 
largest  among  Roman  Catholics ;  but  since  1881  it  has,  as  shown 
by  the  table,  most  remarkably  decreased. 

Ages  of  Persons  married. 

Of  the  persons  married  in  1905,  133  bridegrooms  and  1,214 
brides   were  tinder  21  years   of  age — one  of  the  bridegrooms   was 


220  XEW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    YEAR-BOOK. 

between  16  and  17,  five  between  17  and  18,  and  thirteen  between 
18  and  19.  Of  the  brides,  one  was  under  15,  three  were  between 
15  and  16,  and  twenty-tlivee  between  16  and  17  years  of  age.  The 
proportion  of  men  married  is  greatest  at  the  ages  of  25  to  80,  and 
of  women  at  from  21  to  25  years. 

The  following  are  the  proportions  of  men  and  women  married  at 
each  age-period  to  everv  100  marriages  in  the  years  1891,  1901, 
and  1905 :— 


Age. 

1H91 

1901 

idai 

i. 

M. 

F. 

M. 

F. 

M. 

F. 

Under  21 

vears    . . 

1-55 

20-79 

1-93  ! 

17-16  ! 

1-85  . 

1686 

21  and  under  25  . . 

20-99 

43  99 

24-94 

39-97  ; 

23-89  ' 

38-43 

25 

30  .. 

36-19 

2297 

3708 

26-89  1 

4004 

27-93 

30 

40  .. 

. .        25-94 

8  72  • 

27-12 

12-73  ' 

26  54 

13-46 

40 

50  .. 

6  44 

2-71 

604  1 

2-44 

50S 

229 

50 

00  .. 

2-26 

0  66 

1-77  ' 

0-57  i 

1-47 

0-69 

60 

70  .. 

0-55 

010 

092 

0-24  1 

061 

031 

70  and  upwards    . . 

008 

•• 

0-20 

•• 

0-32 

0-03 

Kegistrars  of  Marriages  are  prohibited  by  law  from  issuing  cer- 
tificates for  the  marriage  of  minors  without  the  consent  of  their 
parents  or  lawful  guardians,  if  there  be  any  in  the  colony.  If  a 
declaration  be  made  in  any  case  that  there  is  no  parent  or  law- 
ful guardian  in  the  colony,  then  a  certificate  may  be  issued  after 
the  expiration  of  fourteen  days  following  the  date  on  which  the 
notice  of  intended  marriage  is  given. 

A  marriage  may  not  be  solemnised  except  after  the  delivery  to 
the  minister  or  Hogistrar  who  ofliciates  of  a  certificate  issued  by  a 
Registrar  autliorising  such  marriage,  and  if  any  persons  knowingly 
and  wilfully  intermarry  without  such  certificate  the  marriage  is 
null  and  void :  and  no  clergyman  or  minister  of  any  denomination 
is  empowered  to  solemnise  niarriages  until  his  name  has  been 
placed  on  the  Registrar-General's  list  of  officiating  ministers  for 
the  year. 

ilarriage  with  a  deceased  wife's  sister  in  New  Zealand  was 
legalised  in  the  year  1880,  and  an  Act  was  passed  in  the  year  1900 
which  legalised  marriage  with  the  brother  of  a  deceased  husband. 
This  Act  is  retrospective,  including  in  its  provisions  marriages 
between  sucli  parties  which  had  previously  been  solemnised  as  well 
as  those  contracted  after  the  statute  was  passed,  and  declaring  all 
these  to  be  valid,  and  the  issue  born  prior  or  subsequent  to  the 
passing  of  the  Act  to  be  deemed  born  in  lawful  wedlock. 

The  measure  was  reserved  for  the  signification  of  her  late 
Majesty's  pleasure.  The  Royal  assent  has  since  been  given,  and 
the  Act  came  into  force  in  New  Zealand  bv  Proclamation  dated  the 
22nd  May,  1901. 

The  ages  at  which  persons  may  contract  binding  marriages 
are   the   same   as   in  England — 12  years   for   females   and  14   for 


NUMBER   OF   MINISTFBS 


221 


males.  Marriage  may  be  contracted  at  earlier  ages  than  those 
stated,  but  would  be  voidable  at  the  discretion  of  either  of  the 
parties  upon  reaching  the  age  of  12  or  14,  as  the  case  may  be,  and 
without  the  necessity  of  proceedings  in  Court. 

Although  in  New  Zealand  the  age  at  which  girls  may  legally 
marry  is  as  above,  nevertheless,  by  the  criminal  law,  to  unlawfully 
carnally  know  a  girl  under  the  age  of  16  years  is  now  a  punishable 
offence.  The  age  of  consent  was  raised  from  15  to  16  by  statute 
passed  in  1896. 

The  average  age  of  the  men  married  in  this  colony  in  1905  was 
^9*65  years,  and  of  the  women  25*75  years.  In  England  the  mean 
age  of  those  whose  ages  were  stated  was  (in  the  year  1903)  28  49 
years  for  men,  and  26-35  years  for  women.  Thus  the  average  age 
at  marriage  in  the  colony  would  appear  to  be  higher  for  men,  but 
lower  for  women,  than  in  England. 

The  proportion  of  bridegrooms  under  21  is  much  greater  in  Eng- 
land than  in  New  Zealand,  and  the  proportion  of  brides  under  21 
in  the  colony  somewhat  higher. 

In  England,  in  1903,  of  every  1,000  bridegrooms  whose  ages 
were  stated,  46  were  under  21  years  of  age,  and  of  every  1,000 
brides  152  were  under  21  years  of  age.  In  New^  Zealand,  in  1905, 
the  proportions  were  18  bridegrooms  and  169  brides  of  similar  ages 
in  every  1,000  married  : — 


Ymr. 
1890 

Bridegrooms 

under  21 
in  every  100. 

. .      1-89 

Brides  under  21 

in 

every  100. 

22-75 

Year. 

1901 

Bridegrooms 

under  21 
in  every  100. 

.      1-93 

Brides  under  21 

in 

every  100. 

17'lG 

1892 

. .      1-62 

2014 

1902 

.      139 

16-59 

1894 

.  .      1-44 

19-53 

1903 

.     1-G2 

ic-oi 

189G 

..      1-96 

19-51 

1904 

.     1-73 

17-Gl 

1898 
1900 

.  .      1-57 
. .      1-67 

1813 
17-34 

1905 

.     1-80 

16-90 

Number  of  Ministers. 

The  number  of  names  on  the  list  of  officiating  ministers  under 
the  Marriage  Act  is  (April,  1906)  1,148,  and  the  denominations  to 
which  they  belong  are  shown  hereunder  : — 

No.  I                         Denomination.  No. 

341      Auckland   Society   of    the  New 

Jerusalem  Church  . .  . .           1 

263      Independent  Free  Church  .  .           1 

196      Salvation  Army            . .  lU 

Catholic  Apostolic  Church  .             4 

174      Seventh-day  Adventists  . .           4 

21      Unitarians     . .  1 

35      Brethren        . .             . .  3 

44      Latter-day  Saints  2 

10      Chrietadelphian  1 

6      Church  of  Our  Father..  1 

16      Unitarian  Free  Cburcli  . .           1 

4                          Total            ..  ..1,148 


Denomination. 
Ohurch  of  England 
Presbyterian  Church  of  New  Zea 

land 
Roman  Catholic  Church 
Methodist  Church  of  Australasia 

in  New  Zealand 
Congregational  Independents 
Baptists 

Primitive  Methodist  Connexion 
Lutheran  Church 
Hebrew  Congregations . . 
Ohurch  of  Christ 
Free  Methodist  Church  of  New 

Zealand 


222 


new  zealand  official  tbar-boox. 

Deaths. 

m 


The  deaths  in  1905  numbered  8,061,  being  equivalent  to  a 
rate  of  9*27  in  every  1,000  persons  living,  as  against  9*57  in  1904. 
The  lowest  rate  experienced  since  the  year  1887,  when  the  deaths 
were  1029  per  1,000  of  the  population,  was  that  for  1896  (9-10). 

Comparative  Death-rate  for  thb  Period  1895  to  1905. 


Country. 


1H95.  IH96.  ia07.  1  1898.  '  1899.  i  1900. 


New  Zealand 

091 

Queensland 

11-381 

New  South  Wales 

11-79 

Victoria 

13-25 

South  Australia*  . . 

11-251 

Western  Australia 

17-781 

Tasmania 

11-38. 

England  and  Wales 

18-7  ' 

Scotland 

19-4 

Ireland   .. 

18-4 

Denmark 

lG-8 

Norway  . . 

15-7 

Sweden   . . 

15  2 

Austria    . . 

27-7  1 

Hungary 

•29-7 

Switzerland 

19-1 

German  Empin    . . 

-22-1 

Netherlands 

18-6 

France    . . 

22-2 

Italy        . . 

25-0 

9-10 
12-lOi 
12-30 
13-35, 
11-48 
16-45] 
11-63 
170 
16-6 
16-6  I 
15-6 
152 
15-6 
26-4 
28-9 
17-7 
20  8 
172 
20-0 
24  0 


.1 

9-14,  9- 
11-3312 
10-88,12 
12-9015 
11-24,13 
169716 
11-5313 
17-4  17 
18-4  18 
18  4  18 
16-5  15 
15-3  il5 
15-4  il 
25-6  24 
28-5 
17-6 
21-3 
169 
19-5 
21  9 


84|  10-24 
6612-07 
48:11-82 
9411428 
06|12-14 


1901.    1902.    1908. 


9-43 
11-73 
11  16; 
12-75! 
10-64 


0513-76 
51|12-2o 
'18-2 
181 
17-6 
,17-3 
;16-9 
;17-7 
25-4 
'27-2 


12-92 
1106 

18  2  I 
18-5  ■ 
19-6  I 
16-9 
15  9  ! 
|16  8 
25-2  I 
26  9  ' 
17-6  '19  3  I 
21-5  ;22-l 
17-1  '17'8 
21-1  121-9  I 
21-8    23-8 


9-81 
11-88 
11-68 
13-22 

nil 

13-36 

10-45 

16-9 

180 

17-8 

15-8 

14-9 

160 

24-2 

25-4 

18-C 

20-7 

17-2 

201 

21-9 


10-40  9-57i  9-27 


12  38 
11-59 


1904.;  190& 


1011. 
10  62:1 


Sioia 
12-10 
1014 
lo-sa 

-" i;10-2S 


l-84|ll-92 
►•2  !l5-4 
•2  il6  6 
!l7-5 
;14-6 
jl48 
'151 


1101;] 


126  1 

2  117  6 

4  .. 

3  156 

5  19-2 
1  .22-2 


*  Excluding  the  Northern  Territory. 


In  this  statement  New  Zealand  is  conspicuous  as  showing  the 
lowest  death-rate.  The  rates  for  the  principal  Australian  States 
are  a  little  higher,  but,  generally  speaking,  far  below  those  for  the 
United  Kingdom  or  the  European  Continental  States  mentioned 
in  the  table. 

Perfect  accuracy  in  comparing  one  country  or  colony  with  another 
can  only  be  attained  by  the  use  of  what  is  termed  an  **  index  of 
mortality."  The  proportions  of  the  living  vary  in  regard  to  the 
dilTerent  age-groups,  and  the  ordinary  death-rate — which  is  calcu- 
lated on  the  population  as  a  whole — does  not  afford  a  true  means 
of  judging  of  the  relative  healthiness  of  the  places  compared.  But 
by  taking  a  population  like  that  of  Sweden,  and  applying  the  per- 
centage at  each  age-group  to  the  death-rates,  a  standard  of  health  or 
index  of  mortality  can  be  arrived  at.  This  has  been  done  for  New 
Zealau'l,  in  accordance  with  a  resolution  of  the  Statistical  Con- 
ference held  at  Plobart  in  1902,  and  the  result  is  expressed  in  tabular 
form . 


DEATH-RATES   OF   THE    FOUK   PRINCIPAL   CITIES.  223 

Index  of  Mobtauty  in  New  Zealand  for  1905. 


Ages. 


Sstimftted 

Mean 

Population, 

1905. 


Under  1  year 
1  and  under  20  years 
90  and  ander  40  years 
iO  and  under  60  years 
60  years  and  upwards 

Totals 


20,706 
365,226 
286,491 
138,765 

58,812 


Namber  >     Death- 

of       ;       rate 

Deaths,  i  per  1,000, 

1905.  1905. 


Percent&f^e  of ;  ludex  of  Mor- 
Population    j       tality  in 

of  Sweden,  1800:  New  Zealand 
(Standard).    |      per  1,000. 


870,000 


1,599 
867 
1,242 
1,271 
3,082 


8,061 


77-22 
2-37 
4-34 
916 

52-40 

9-27 


2-55 
39-80 
26-96 
19-23 
11-46 


1-97 
0-94 
1-17 
1-7G 
6-01 


10000 


11-85 


A  similar  calculation  for  the  States  of  the  Australian  Commou- 
wealth  has  been  made  for  1904.  The  results,  when  compared  with 
the  actual  rates,  exhibit  to  what  degree  the  age- constitution  of  the 
population  affects  the  death-rate.  The  figures  for  New  Zealand  are 
also  given. 

Year  1904. 
Index  .\ctual 


Qaeensland     . . 

. .      13  23 

10-01 

New  South  Wales 

..      14  10 

10-62 

Victoria 

..      14-29 

11-92 

South  Australia 

. .      13-32 

10-22 

Western  Australia 

..      1500 

11-91 

Tasmania 

..      14  36 

11-01 

New  Zealand  . . 

..      1204 

957 

(1906)      .. 

..      n-8o 

9-27 

Deaths   and   Death-rates   of   the   Four   Piuncipal  Citiks  and 
THEIR  Suburbs. 

In  the  earlier  annual  reports  on  the  vital  statistics  of  the  four 
<jhief  towns  the  central  boroughs  alone  were  dealt  with,  particulars 
respecting  the  suburbs  not  having  been  obtained.  But  tliis  omission 
was  held  to  be  a  grave  defect,  as  the  suburban  death-rate  may 
differ  much  from  the  death-rate  at  the  centre.  Steps  were  there- 
fore taken  early  in  1895  to  collect  statistics  of  the  suburban  boroughs 
as  well  as  of  the  four  chief  cities.  As  regards  Auckland  and  Christ- 
church,  the  whole  of  the  area  usually  recognised  as  suburban  has 
not  yet  been  brought  under  municipal  government,  and  the  statistics 
given  below  do  not  deal  with  such  portions  as  still  remain  in  road 
districts.  The  omission,  however,  is  not  very  important,  for  there 
are  in  either  case  quite  enough  suburbs  included  within  borough 
boundaries  to  give  a  fair  idea  of  the  death-rate  of  greater  Auckland 
and  greater  Christchurch.  As  further  boroughs  are  formed  the 
viial  statistics  will  be  made  to  include  them. 

The  total  number  of  deaths  registered  for  the  four  centres  in 
1905  was  2,388 — viz.,  2,007  in  the  cities,  and  381  in  the  suburbs. 


224  NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TEAR-BOOK. 

By  including  the  suburbs  the  death-rate  for  last  year  is  lowered 
at  three  of  the  four  centres.     The  rates  for  the  year  are : — 

De&tb-rates  per  1,000 
of  Mean  Popolation. 

Auckland  Oifcy  . .  . .  . .  . .     12-15 

and  five  suburban  boroughs  . .  10*52 

Wellington  City         ..  ..  ..  ..     10-55 

and  two  suburban  boroughs  . .  10-21 

Christchurch  City      . .  . .  . .  . .     1076 

«  and  one  suburban  borough  . .  10*89 

Dunedin  City  . .  . .  . .  . .     11-18 

and  six  suburban  boroughs  . .  10-12 

If  the  suburbs  are  included,  the  death-rate  is  found  to  be  highest 
at  Christchurch  and  lowest  at  Dunedin ;  Auckland  and  WellingtoD 
taking  second  and  third  places  respectively.  The  death-rate  for 
the  colony  was  927  per  1,000  of  mean  population.  The  four 
centres  might  be  expected  to  show  a  higher  average  than  this. 

If  the  number  of  deaths  of  infants  under  one  year  be  excluded^ 
the  mortality  among  the  rest  of  the  population  is  found  to  have  beea 
for  1905  and  190^  in  the  following  ratio  to  the  1,000  living : — 


1904. 

19051 

Auckland  (including  suburbs) 

8-11 

7-96 

Wellington 
Christchurch 

7-89 

7-38 

7-62 

8-25 

Dunedin 

..       9-60 

8-51 

The  degree  of  infantile  mortality  is  perhaps  best  shown  in  the 

proportion  of  deaths  of  children  under  one  year  of  age  to  every  100 

births.      For  1905  and  190-4   the  proportions  at  the  chief  centrea 

were, —  1904.  1905. 

Auckland  (including  suburbs)       . .  . .       7*01  9'15 

Wellington  .  ..       9*53  962 

Christchurch  .  ..     1030  890 

Dunedin  .  ..       9*30  671 

Thus  in  1905  the  proportions  for  Dunedin  and  Christchurch  are 
less  than  those  found  at  either  of  the  other  two  chief  cities. 


Mortality  at  Four  Centres,  excluding  Suburbs. 

Excluding  suburbs,  and  dealing  with  the  deaths  at  all  ages 
m  the  four  cities  or  central  boroughs  only,  the  rates  for  1905  are 
found  to  be  lower  than  in  the  previous  year  at  Wellington  and 
Dunedin,  but  higher  at  Auckland  and  Christchurch.  The  figures  for 
four  years  are  given  : — 

Deaths  per  1,000  of  Population. 
1902.  1903.  1904.  1905. 

Auckland  (excluding  suburbs)  . .       1721  1297  11-11  12*15 

Wellington  ,  ..       12  58  11-30  10-76  1055 

Christchurch  .,  ..       12  24  11-39  10-50  10-76 

Dunedin  .  ..       1186  14-77  13-59  11-ia 


PEATHB.  225 

Omitting  the  deaths  of  infants  under  one  year,  and  calcu- 
lating the  rate  on  the  population  of  one  year  of  age  and  upwards, 
two  of  the  horoughs  show  lower  rates  for- 1905  than  for  the  pre- 
vious year. 

Deaths  per  1,000  of  PopnlatioD,  excluding 

Infants  (under  One  Yrar  of  Age). 
1901.         1902.  1903.         1904.  1905. 

Auckland  (exclading  suburbs) . .       9  93      12  86        9*45        9  24        9  39 


Wellington 

Cbristchurch 

Dunedin 


812  9-64  8-84  8-42  7*80 
10-69  903  8-83  7-87  846 
10-88      1035      13-61       1190        964 


1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1004. 

1905. 

iockland  (excluding  suburbs) 

..  11-67 

15-41 

1208 

693 

1013 

Wellington 

..10-43 

12-97 

9-28 

965 

10-02 

Christchurch 

..  11-35 

13-32 

10-49 

10-36 

8-60 

Dunedin                   , 

..     907 

8-60 

7-27 

8-74 

7-21 

Subjoined  is  a  tahle  showing  the  rates  of  infant  mortality  in  the 
four  cities  for  each  of  the  past  five  years,  together  with  the  mean 
rates  for  the  period. 

Deaths  of  Children  under  One  Tear  to  every  100  Births. 

Mean  of 
Five  Years. 

11-22 

10-45 

10-82 

818 

Causes  of  Death  at  Four  Centres,  including  Suburbs. 

While  treating  of  the  death-rates  at  the  chief  cities  and  surround- 
logs,  it  is  desiraole  to  refer  to  the  causes  of  mortality,  which  is 
done  in  the  remarks  that  follow.  The  deaths  for  the  whole  colony, 
classified  according  to  their  cause,  are  treated  of  at  length  a  little 
further  on. 

Specific  Fihrile  and  Zymotic  Diseases  (at  Fcui  Chief  dntres). 

The  mortality  from  these  diseases  was  lower  at  each  of  the  four 
centies  in  1905  than  in  the  previous  year.  The  total  deaths  in 
this  class  were  115  for  1905  and  202  for  1904. 


Auckland  and  suburbs 
We  lington 
Cbristchurch 
Dunedin 


hs  from  Febrile  and  Zymotic 
Diseases. 

1901. 

1905. 

..      52 

45 

..     65 

34 

..     86 

27 

..     49 

9 

202  115 


Of  the  above,  diarrboeal  diseases  caused  most  deaths  in  1905 
at  the  four  centres  taken  together,  the  total  number  being  44. 
Influenza  came  next,  with  13  deaths,  typhoid  fever  10,  whooping- 
cough  2,  diphtheria  8,  scarlet  fever  5,  and  other  zymotic  com- 
plaints 33. 

8— Ybk. 


326 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 


Comparison   of  the  deaths   for    each   city,   including  suburbs, 
shows, — 


Zymotic,  Ac,  Diseases. 

Auckland. 
1905.    IWL 

Wellington. 
1906.    1904. 

Ohristehurch. 
193S.    1904. 

Donedin. 
1005.     1904. 

Diarrhoeal  diseases 

21 

24 

12 

30 

9 

21 

2 

17 

Influenza 

3 

4 

3 

5 

4 

3 

3 

14 

Typhoid  fever 

7 

9 

2 

4 

1 

2 

4 

Measles 

4 

Scarlet  fever   . . 

2 

1 

3 

3 

Babonic  plagun 

. 

1 

.. 

.. 

Diphtheria 

3 

3 

4 

6 

.. 

2 

1 

.. 

WhoopiDg-cough 

. 

.. 

.. 

1 

1 

1 

2 

Obher  zymotio  diseases 

y 

10 

10 

14 

12 

7 

2 

12 

Parasitic  Diseases  (at  Four  Chief  Centres), 

Hydatids   were   fatal   at  Ghristchurch   (1  death),  and  at  Dun- 
edin  (1  death). 

Dietetic  Diseases  (at  Four  Chief  Centres). 

These  numbered  18,  8  being  due  to  want  of  breast-milk,  scurvy, 
or  malnutrition,  6  to  alcoholism,  and  4  to  delirium  tremens. 


Constitutional  Diseases  (at  Four  Chief  Centres). 

The  deaths  at  the  four  cities  numbered  466  in  1905.  The  first 
in  importance  of  these  diseases,  and  of  all  causes  of  death,  is  tubercle. 
The  figures  for  1904  and  1905  show  259  and  211  deaths  for  each 
year  respectively. 

Phthisis  and  other  Tubercular  Diseasee. 


riithisia. 

other 

Tubercular 

Diseases. 

Phthisis. 

other 

Tubercular 

Diseases. 

Auckland  and  suburbs 

..      37 

..        12 

45 

10 

Wellington 

28 

14 

60 

18 

Ghristchurch 

44 

10 

42 

16 

Dunedin 

47 

19 

51 

27 

156 


55 


188 


71 


The  mortality  from  tubercular  diseases  for  1905  is  884  per  cent,  of 
the  total  deaths  at  the  four  boroughs  and  their  suburbs  from  all 


causes. 


Deaths  from  cancer  rose  at  the  chief  towns  from  184  in  1904 
to  191  in  1905.  The  latter  number  is  800  per  cent,  of  deaths  for 
the  year  from  all  causes. 


DEATHS.  227 

The  number  of  deaths  from  cancer  at  the  four  chief  towns  and 
their  suburbs  for  each  of  the  last  live  years  was  as  under : — 


1901. 

1903. 

1908. 

1904. 

1906 

ADckland  and  suburbs 

..       32 

44 

37 

45 

35 

Wellingion 

..       38 

37 

47 

44 

47 

Cbriatchurch 

41 

25 

33 

38 

49 

Danedin 

..       43 

69 

62 

67 

60 

164  165  179  184  191 

Diabetes  shows  32  deaths  in  1905,  against  24  in  1904. 

Developmental  Diseases  (at  Four  Chief  Centres). 

There  were  283  deaths  in  this  class,  of  which  110  were  from 
premature  births,  157  from  old  age,  and  16  from  other  causes. 

Local  Diseases  (at  Four  Chief  Centres). 

Deaths  in  this  class  were  52  more  than  in  1904,  the  figures 
being  1,275,  against  1,223.  Diseases  of  the  circulatory  system 
were  the  most  fatal  of  this  class,  amounting  to  302.  Diseases  of 
the  nervous  system  show  2t3  deaths — 102  from  apoplexy.  Diseases 
of  the  respiratory  system  show  279  deaths  for  1905,  against  272 
in  the  former  year.  Bronchitis,  pneumonia,  congestion  of  the  lungs, 
pleurisy,  and  allied  diseases  form  this  group. 

Under  the  head  of  "Diseases  of  the  Digestive  System"  there 
were  251  deaths  at  the  four  centres,  including  94  from  enteritis; 
peritonitis,  14 ;  gastritis,  19  ;  cirrhosis  of  liver,  14  ;  jaundice  and 
liver-disease,  21 ;  and  dentition  9.  From  appendicitis  15  deaths 
are  particularly  noted . 

Diseases  of  the  urinary  system  caused  109  deaths.  The  remain- 
ing deaths  were :  4  disease  of  organs  of  special  sense,  10  of  the 
lymphatic,  31  of  the  reproductive  systems,  2  of  the  organs  of 
locomotion,  and  4  of  the  integumentary  system. 

Violent  Deaths  (at  Four  Chief  Centres). 

There  were  139  violent  deaths,  109  of  which  were  classed  as 
accidental.  Seven  of  these  latter  were  caused  by  fractures,  and  19  by 
falls.  In  11  cases  deaths  resulted  from  the  deceased  being  run  over 
by  a  cart,  tram,  train,  &c.  Nine  deaths  were  from  burns  or  scalds, 
16  by  drowning,  6  by  suffocation,  3  by  poisoning,  9  by  injuries  to 
head,  spine,  hip,  &c.  ;  besides  9  from  accident  at  birth,  and  20 
others. 

One  death  was  classified  as  homicide.  Of  28  suicides,  7  were 
by  shooting,  2  by  cutting  throat,  7  by  poison,  7  by  hanging,  3  by 
drowning,  1  by  suffocation  (gas),  and  1  by  jumping  from  a  house. 

Vital  Statistics  op  Australasian  Capitals,  1904. 

The  vital  statistics  of  the  chief  cities,  with  their  suburbs,  of  Aus- 
tralasia show  that  the  death-rate  in  Wellington  (N.Z.)  for  1904  was 
lower  than  that  of  anj  other  ol  the  principal  towns  for  the  same  ^e^t . 


228 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAK-BOOK. 


Estimated 
Mean 
Popula- 
tion. 

Births. 

Deaths. 

Excess 

Cities  (including 
Suburbs). 

Total 
Number. 

Rate  per 

1.000 
of  Popula- 
tion. 

Total 
Number. 

Rate  per 
1.000 

of  Popula- 
tion. 

of  Mirths 
.    over 
Deaths. 

Melbourne 

Sydney . . 

Adelaide 

Brisbane* 

Perth     . . 

Hobart 

Wellington 

504,960 

614,800 

169,397 

125,068 

48,400 

34,888 

55,618 

11,886 
13,215 
4,016 
3,301 
1,780 
999 
1,479 

23-64 
25-67 
23-71 
26  40 
36  78 
28-64 
26-59 

6.558 

5,675 

2,022 

1,433 

823 

555 

680 

1299 
1102 
11-94 
11-46 
1700 
15  91 
1043 

5,828 

7,540 

1,994 

1.868 

957 

444 

899 

♦  Ten-mile  radius. 


Average  Age  at  Death,  and  Expectation  op  Life. 

The  average  age  at  death  of  persons  of  either  sex,  in  each  of  the 
ten  years  1896-1905,  was  as  follows  : — 


Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

1896   . 

3G  80  years 

32-41  years. 

1901   .. 

41-64  3  ears 

37  68  years. 

1897   . 

38-80      . 

34-77      . 

1902   .. 

4107      . 

84  83      . 

1898   . 

39-29      . 

35-69      . 

1903  .. 

39-56      . 

3543      „ 

1899   . 

37-73      . 

3354      . 

1904   .. 

41-47      . 

33-44      , 

1900  . 

40-31       . 

36-14      „ 

1905  .. 

4303      . 

3913      . 

The  average  expectation  of  Ufe  at  each  year  of  age  has  been 
compiled  from  a  table  given  in  a  paper  on  the  rates  of  mortaUty  in 
New  Zealand  which  was  published  by  Mr.  George  LesHe.  This  is 
the  best  and  most  up-to-date  information  procurable,  but  it  is  not 
guaranteed  by  the  authorities  of  the  Government  Life  Insurance 
Department. 

The  table  shows,  on  comparison  with  New  South  Wales  figures 
(Coghlan's),  that  at  birth  the  expectation  of  life  to  the  male  infant 
in  New  Zealand  is  considerably  greater  than  in  that  State,  the 
figures  being  54-^4  years  (N.Z.),  against  49*60  (N.S.W.),  and  for 
females  5726  and  52-90. 

At  21  years  of  age  the  expectation  in  New  Zealand  for  males  is  4377 
years,  against  41-35  (N.S.W.),  and  for  females  45*59,  against  43*62. 

At  age  45  the  comparison  is,  for  males,  25*23  years  (N.Z.), 
23-27  (N.S.W.)  ;  females,  27*46  years  (N.Z.),  against  25*34  (N.S.W.). 

At  the  age  of  70,  the  limit  of  a  normal  life,  the  figures  for  New 
Zealand  are— males  9*48  years,  females  10*23,  against  8*64  for  both 
sexes  in  New  South  Wales. 

Throughout  the  compirison  is  in  favour  of  this  country. 


ORPHANHOOD  OF   CHILDREN. 
EXPBCTATIOM  OF  LiFE   IN  NeW   ZEALAND. 


229 


Average 
of  Life 

DnraMon 

Average  Duration 

Average  Duration 

Years. 

of  Life 

:  Years. 

of  Life 

Years. 

Age. 

Male. 

Age. 

Age. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Pemale. 

0 

54-444 

57-261 

35 

32-829 

34-954 

70 

9  481 

10227 

1 

59-102 

61-214 

36 

32  054 

34-215 

71 

898S 

9  673 

i 

59160 

61-220 

37 

31-282 

3:3475 

72 

8  504 

9i;io 

3 

58626 

60  617 

.M8 

30511 

32-7.34 

73 

H-ti;35 

8-604 

4 

57-9-24 

59-934 

.39 

29-744 

31-990 

74 

7-586 

8  095 

5 

57  167 

59148 

40 

2^-9^9 

31-243 

75 

7  163 

7-614 

6 

56  396 

5S-343 

28-220 

.30-493 

76 

6-758 

7164 

7 

55-606 

67-521 

27-465 

29-7:39 

77 

6  379 

6742 

8 

51791 

56  &« 

26-715 

28981 

78 

6-.r22 

6:349 

9 

5:i956 

55-825 

25  971 

28-2-21 

79 

5683 

5  9S2 

10 

53(KH 

54  9x3 

45 

25-2:31 

27-458 

HO 

5-:«2 

5-a36 

U 

52  212 

64  069 

46 

24-499 

£6-694 

81 

5-055 

5-312 

12 

51-:115 

53-180 

47 

2:1-773 

25-927 

83 

4-765 

5005 

13 

50-4il5 

52-294 

48 

23055 

25163 

8:3 

4-489 

4-714 

U 

40-539 

51-415 

49 

22-344 

24:399 

84 

4-229 

4-439 

15 

48-6  W 

.W-54> 

60 

21-636 

23-640 

a5 

8-982 

4-180 

16 

47-803 

49-690 

51 

20-9:12 

22-S85 

86 

3747 

3-935 

17 

46-960 

48-r*47 

5:4 

20-231 

2-2135 

BI 

3-52^5 

3-705 

18 

46-l:i9 

4S-015 

63 

]9-:530 

21.392 

89 

3-313 

3-487 

19 

4V*« 

47-198 

54 

18-8  <6 

20-a55 

89 

3110 

3-2H3 

» 

445'>1 

46-39  i 

55 

18-lM) 

19-9-26 

90 

2-914 

3-089 

21 

41-775 

4V593 

50 

17-478 

li>-203 

91 

2-72  J 

2-905 

23 

4.3-005 

44-80^J 

57 

16-8-22 

18-4H5 

92 

2-325 

2-731 

i^ 

42-2  i5 

44-021 

58 

l'i-183 

17-776 

93 

in  a 

2-564 

24 

41-46.3 

43-244 

59 

15-56J 

17-07  r 

94 

2-101 

2-400 

2i 

40-1584 

4-2-474 

6) 

14049 

16:385 

95 

1-843 

2-2:38 

dr, 

:«-899 

41-708 

61 

14-:i4H 

15-705- 

96 

1-553 

2082 

27 

39-108 

40-946 

62 

1:3-754 

15-0:i7 

97 

1-247 

1-931 

28 

s-rug 

40-187 

63 

1:3-170 

14:386 

98 

0-900 

1-774 

^ 

37-.'i28 

.39-431 

64 

12-HOO 

13-752 

99 

0077 

rox) 

» 

.S6-736 

38-078 

65 

12-046 

1:3  i:<5 

100 

0-000 

14-24 

SI 

35-949 

37  928 

66 

11-512 

l-2-.'V34 

101 

1195 

32 

35161 

37-181 

.     67 

10  994 

11-945 

102 

0-889 

33 

34-<84 

.''6-4:« 

68 

10-4H6 

li:«5 

103 

0-500 

34 

33^  »5 

3>-695 

69 

9-981 

10-79-2 

Orphanhood  of  Children. 

New  Zealand  statistics  give  detailed  information  on  this  subject, 
which  appears  to  be  unique.  In  a  paper  read  by  Mr.  H.  W.  Manly, 
actaary  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society,  on  the  27th  April, 
1903,  before  the  Institute  of  Actuaries  at  London,  under  the  heading 
**  Children's  Benefits,"  he  stated  that  in  order  to  ascertain  the  ages 
and  the  number  of  children  left  by  a  married  man  at  his  death  he 
had  to  go  to  the  same  source  as  Mr.  King  did  when  he  constructed 
his  table  of  "  Family  Annuities  " — viz.,  the  *'  Statistics  of  the  Colony 
of  New  Zealand."  And  further,  after  announcing  his  intention  of 
making  very  considerable  use  of  the  information,  he  gave  the  tables, 
grouping  five  ages  together.  (*•  Journal  of  the  Institute  of  Ac- 
tuaries," October,  1903.) 

Although  the  subject  is  not  one  of  general  interest,  as  the  Year- 
book is  more  often  referred  to  than  a  statistical  volume,  it  may  be 
excusable  to  draw  attention  here  to  the  tables  published  for  the 
year  1905  and  the  experience  of  the  quinquennial  period,  as  shown 
in  the  "  Statistics  of  New  Zealand." 

The  first  table  shows,  for  the  year  1905,  the  total  number  o(  m^ii 
who  died  at  each  year  of  age  from  twenty  upwards  ;  \k\^  xc^x^'^  cA 
married  men  stated  in  the  registers  as  having  died  (a)  cVi\\d\^%^, 


280 


NBW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 


(b)  leaving  children  ;  and  the  number  and  ages  of  the  children  living 
at  the  time  of  the  father's  death.  The  next  is  a  similar  table,  but 
giving  five  years'  results  for  all  ages  of  the  fathers.  A  condensation 
of  the  table  is  shown. 


New  Zealand, 

1901  TO  1905. 

Number  of  Married 
Men  who  died 

Number  and  Ages  of  Living  Iwae. 

Ages  of  Married 
Men  at  Death. 

• 

Child- 
less. 

Leaving 
Children 

Under  5 

5tol0. 'lOtolS. 

1 

15  to  21. 

2tand 
over. 

Not 
specified. 

20  to  30 

73 

158 

234 

35 

1 

13 

30   .  40 

130 

639 

717 

674 

303 

48 

, , 

83 

40  .  50 

150 

946 

600 

958 

1,074 

978 

330 

151 

50  .  60 

190 

1,403 

260 

626 

1,075 

1,925 

8,174 

417 

60  .  65 

132 

1,050 

55 

175 

397 

999 

4,131 

251 

65andupwardtt 

644 

4,290 

63 

186 

479 

1,336 

19,645 

1,286 

A  table  has  also  been  prepared  showing,  for  the  year  1905,  the 
number  and  ages  of  the  youngest  orphan  children  left. 

Infantile  Mortality. 
Subjoined  is  a  classified  statement  of  the  deaths  of  infants  under 
one  year  during  1905,  with  the  ratio  of  the  deaths  in  each  class  to 
the  1,000  births  during  the  year : — 


Year. 


Sex. 


Under  1 
Month. 


land 

Sand 

6  and 

under  3 

under  6 

under  19 

Months. 

Months. 

Months. 

Total 
under 

12 
Months 


1905 


1905 


j ,  Male 
1    Female 


Male 
Female 


Number  op  Deaths. 
..I       406      I      159     I      165 
..    I       308     I      126     I      125 

Deaths  to  the  1,000  Births. 

..    I     33-53    I     1313    I    13-63 
..    I     26  61  10-89    I    10  80 


171 
139 


1412 
1201 


901 
698 


74-41 
6031 


Seventy-four  out  of  every  thousand  of  male  children  born,  and 
sixty  of  every  thousand  females,  are  found  to  have  died  before 
attaining  tlie  age  of  one  year.  The  mortahty  is  thus  one  in  thirteen 
of  male  children  and  one  in  seventeen  of  females,  even  in  New  Zea- 
land, where  conditions  are  far  more  favourable  to  infant  life  than  in 
Australia,  at  least  as  far  as  relates  to  the  cities. 

It  will  also  be  seen  from  the  figures  that  the  chances  of  living 
during  the  first  year  of  age  are  far  greater  for  female  than  for  male 
infants.     Thus,  during  the  year  1905  there  were — 

100  deaths  of  males  to  71  deaths  of  females  under  1  month  of  age ; 

100  «  83  «  from  1  to  3  months  of  age ; 

100  »  79  «  from  3  to  6  months  of  age  ; 

100  V  85  «  from  6  to  12  months  of  age  ; 

100  »  81  «  under  12  months  of  age ; 

The  rates  of  infantile  mortality — that  is,   the    proportion  the 
deaths  of  children  under  one  yeat  ol  a^e  \i^«»x  \.o  \»\i'^\\Tths — are 
higher  in  the  Australian  States  tYian  m  "iiVevj  Ti^^wA. 


INFANTHiE    MORTALITY. 


231 


Dealing  with  the  results  for  ten  years,  the  deaths  of  infants 
under  one  year  are  in  the  large  proportion  of  three-fourths  of  the 
total  deaths  under  five,  as  might  he  expected,  the  first  year  being 
the  tenderest  period.     (See  notes  to  tables.) 

Deaths  of  Infants  undbb  One  Yeah,  and  Pbopobtion  to  Bibths. 


Year. 


1S96 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 


Means  of  ten  years 


Deaths  of  Infants  under  1  Year 

11 

5"§ 

of  Age. 

(Totals  for  each 

^°  . 

Hi? 

Year,  and  Means  of  10  Years.) 

^i  t 

J3 

5l| 
229 

o  -*  o 
S'gS 

304 

en 

Hi 
111 

ii 

Proportion   of 
of   Infants 
Year  to  eve 
Births. 

566 

340 

1,439 

18,612 

77-3 

512 

240 

269 

333 

1,354 

18,737 

72-3 

573 

289 

306 

312 

1,510 

18,955 

79-7 

619 

389 

378 

420 

1,806 

18,835 

95-9 

607 

288 

293 

281 

1,469 

19,546 

75-2 

610 

272 

392 

289 

1,503 

20,491 

76-3 

666 

344 

313 

390 

1,712 

20,055 

82-9 

692 

346 

367 

365 

1,770 

21,829 

811 

669 

260 

356 

331 

1,016 

22,766 

710 

714 

285 

290 

310 

1,599 

23,682 

07-5 

623 

294 

327 

310 

1,584 

•20,411 

77-6 

.N'OTB.— The  total  number  of  deaths  of  infants  for  the  period  included  in  the  table  is 

Deaths  of  Childben   undbb   Five    Years,    and   Proportion  to  Deaths  at 

ALL  Ages 


Deaths  of  Children  under  1  to  5  Years 

all 
ear, 
ars. 

Q     1^ 

of  Age.    (Totals  for  each 

is  ,6 

Year,  and  Means  of  10  Years.) 

^""fS 

. 

.•S2 

«5  0< 

Year. 

Sea 

^  a 

d  a 

m  a 

11 
Ii 

Ii 

III 

Us 

9 

9 

3 

9      1       -9 

H 

Q 

1896.. 

1,439 

215 

59 

76 

64      1,853 

6,432 

28-81 

1897  . 

1,354 

187 

84 

69 

38  ,  1,732 

6,595 

26-26 

1898  . 

1,510 

200 

91 

72 

47  1  1,920 

7,244 

26-50 

1899  . 

1,806 

291 

111 

74 

56      2,338 

7,(^80 

80-44 

1900  . 

1,469 

205 

93 

64 

58  1  1,889 

7,200 

20-24 

1901  . 

1,563 

208 

85 

68 

52      1,976 

7,034 

2.3-88 

1902  . 

1,712 

307 

118 

92 

61  1  2,290 

8,875 

27-34 

19a3  . 

1,770 

275 

126 

HI 

04  1  2,346 

8,528 

27-51 

1904  . 

. 

1,616 

169 

83 

63 

43  i   1,974 

8,087 

24-41 

1905  . 

1,599 

176 

97 

61 

46  i   1,979 

8,061 

24-55 

Means  of   ten) 

1.584 

223 

95 

75 

53  1  2,030 

7.584 

26-76 

years              f 

NoTK. — The  total  number  of  deaths  included  in  this  table  of  children  under  6  years  is 
»J87. 


1232 


miW    EMAhATW   OFFICIAL   TBAR-BOOX. 


Although  16,838  infants  (under  one  year)  were  lost  to  the  colony 
by  death  during  the  decade,  and  20,297  children  under  five»  the  thiid 
talle  shows  much  more  satisfactory  results  for  this  colony  than  tor 
New  South  Wales  or  Victoria  in  the  matter  of  the  preservation  of 
infant  life.  Dealing  with  averages  of  tive  years,  in  New  Zealand 
only  77  infants  under  one  year  are  found  to  die  out  of  every  1,000 
boru,  against  102  in  New  South  Wales  and  98  in  Victoria. 


L                        ¥.^r 

Proportion  of  De^thfi  of  Infanta  nofler  1  Year  of 
Asa  to  every  lAM>Birthfl, 

■ 

New  Ze^uLd. 

New  South  WiLioa. 

Viotorfa. 

1900 

1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 

75-a 

76-3 
82-9 
811 
710 

103-3 
103-7 
109-7 
110-4 
62-4 

95-3 
102-9 
108-6 
106  4 

776 

Means  of  fife  years     . . 

773 

101*9 

932 

European  countries  show  still  higher  mortality  of  infants  than 
the  principal  Australian  States:  England  and  Whales,  152  (under  one 
year)  to  every  1,000  births;  France,  152;  Italy,  167  ;  Hungary, 
214.     Sweden  (9H)  and  Norway  (91)  are  notable  exceptions. 

The  principal  causes  of  mortality  in  children  under  one  year  for 
New  Zealand  are  given,  with  the  numbers  of  deaths  for  five  years 
from  such  causes.  Premature  birth  stands  first  in  order  of  import- 
ance, marasmus  or  debility  coming  next* 

•  Tlie  report  of  tb«  Bnyal  Ci>tn»jJisiiion  on  the  decline  of  ih«  bkth-tate  In  New  South 
Walen  (liDi).  IxeHidteit  giving  »tfitiBtJG8  of  iiif«utile  iiiortiiUty«  de^cribei  the  rmhlUiovn  tlMi 
cp*iate  in  productufj  sitrh  Htortnlity.  KecoinmeDdationB  ai  e  »Uo  incbde,  mid  the  Atlbject  vf 
feeding  and  cftro  (»f  InfuntsdeAlt  witli. 

Tlie  cBiiRoa  whicli  operate  In  producing  infantile  mortality  botli  nmong  legiUoiAiet 
and  illcKitiiiiitdfi  in  New  Soiit}i  WhI*  b,  aif"  liiiniiiE'ift^fd  ae  nitder:— 

1.  Prrmfttiirc  birtd  ;  do  ecthe  viabihty  toiistquent  npon  imperfectlona  iti  tb«  procesf 
of  dovclopuieiit ;  dif-enict  ftcquiri^d  before  Llrtb  ;  iuiurLuI  and  unpniiea  vjnlijjity  axij^uif 
befori?  or  in  pioce-B  of  birth, 

2.  Deffctive  care  of  ihtt  new-born  by  jpnotRnt  or  caiele&a  midwivefl* 

3.  Ill  boMltb  of  motbcn-",  and  conK.equtt]t  inaUUlty  to  provide  tbe  natural  nutritloii  of 
iofaDta  and  rr>quL«.iie  nnrain^*. 

4.  A  want  of  knowtedye  of  tbo  proper  modca  of  rearing  infanta  (exemphfled  uiadcr 
seven  ho&di* ). 

5.  InJ ur ion  1^  quality  of  proprietary  and  otbor  artifLcial  foods,  often  recklessly  Adver- 
tised,  # 

6.  Injiirloui  quality  of  milk  uodor  tlio  conditions  in  which  It  is  ccmmonly  supt*licd 
And  Ufted 

7.  iDJiiriou*  effects  cf  chemicat  pree^ervatlves  in  milk,  and  in  preparaiionft  of  miUl 
used  as  Infant  food. 

8  tnRulfloient  public  maternity  hospital  acconimcdation  for  tbo  partnrlent  wofnen 
unODi?  the  po<  rer  cla^Bes. 

9.  Ini^utbcienl  public-bofipUf^i  accoiivtnodation  for  the  trentment  of  sick  infanis, 

10.  'J  b<e  prevalence  of  epidemic  prevt-ntable  i}ise«S(>  in  inrantn. 

11.  Tbo  nndtie  incideof  e  of  " summer  eliarrinfsp,"  or  acutct  gasiro-intoFtinal  ctttanh. 
The  ^'unistes  tending  to  produce  mortality  in  ttio  illet^ititnate  infauts  were  found  to  bs 

(io  Now  South  ^^  ak*hi  :— 

13   Iklatf  rnal  inrilffercnce,  anil  the  focIaI  and  «rononiic  dlf-abilitire  of  the  motberK. 

l^.  Di'fective  nianitgeuiunt  of  iuktUntiona  and  places  where  iliegiiiuiate  infants  fti« 
received. 

H,  Sorret  adoption  of  children  for  en  in. 

15,  Sfparittion  of  infMnta  tnm  their  mDtbors, 

16.  Infanticide  and  faHicido  of  viable  infants. 


0AUSB8   OF  DEATH. 
Deaths  undkb  Ons  Y bar. —Principal  Causes. 


233 


Principal  Caases  of  Deaths  of 
Infaats. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1906. 

Miasmatio  diseases 

41 

92 

191 

36 

20 

Dlarrboe&l  diseases 

95 

176 

122 

152 

92 

Premature  birth 

264 

308 

301 

291 

360 

CoDTuUions 

91 

82 

103 

95 

96 

BroDchitis,  pneamonia,  pleurisy.. 

207 

235 

241 

149 

208 

Eoteritis 

116 

154 

167 

231 

193 

Mftrasmos.  &c. . . 

260 

294 

270 

273 

258 

A  table  is  added  to  show  that  higher  mortality  obtains  in  the 
large  towns  than  in  New  Zealand  as  a  whole  ani  two  States  of 
Australia. 


WelJioffton  hUd 
Bubiirbft. 

Bydaflf  ftDd  Suburbs. 

Mo.boarue&Dd  Suburbs, 

5 

t 

lii 

1 

lii 

fl  ' 

'4 

Q^n 

a   . 

p  a^ 

Tear 

1 

4 

1^1 
l3s 

i 

!;  C  M 

1 

-A 

lit 

ICi 

«£ 

h  a  t^ 

m 

«  a 

^ 

S» 

2 

s 

V 

P 

1 

J2^ 

ii 

FJ 

1 

5-^ 
P 

^ 

P^ 

&N 

Q 

& 

t" 

P           :^ 

1900 

lp343     91 

732 

13.127 

1,332 

1090 

12,067 

1,364 

113-0 

im 

1,836  13S 

lOO'S 

13,601 

1,517 

1204 

13,375 

1,536 

124-1 

mi 

1.331    173 

130-2 

13,002 

1,457 

112-1 

12,493 

1,590 

197  "2 

im 

t,530  141 

938 

13,74^} 

1,483 

11 6-3 

13.012 

1.493 

134-8 

im 

1,479 
1.37S 

141 

95-3 

13,315 

1.300 

9S*4 

11,886 

1,102 

93-T 

136 

98^4 

13.739 

1,416 

nil 

12,168 

1,417 

ll6-fi 

Causes  of  Death  (the  Whole  Colony). 

The  deaths  registered  in  the  colony  during  1905,  arranged  in 
the  several  classes  according  to  their  assigned  causes,  give  the 
rates  shown  on  the  next  page. 


234 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


i  « 
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f^gfg^a  ^g«*« 


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0AU8B8  OF  DEATH. 


235 


The  next  table  shows,   for  either  sex,  the   number  of  deaths  from 
each  cause  registered  during  the  year  1905  : — 

Gausbs  of  Death. 


C«ia««oM)e*tli. 


Ordttn  uid  DfMSMft, 


C&QfieAorBeflith. 


Or<l«rs  mod  DLe«A««a^ 


;  Cbicken-poz       ...  ...  i 

I  Measles  ...  

!  Epidemic   rose-rash,   ra- 1 
beola : 

Scarlet  fever,  scarlatina    , 
I  Typhus  ...  ...  —  I 

;  Babonic  plague 

■  Dengue  ...  ...  ...  ' 

BftlaptfiPg  fever  ,*. 

I  >MiooiimgH;oiJgli 

Djpluht<ria 
rerebro-ftpini^l  fever 

I    fever    ... 

;  Enteric  fever,  typhoid   ... 
Other  miasmatic  diseases 

Total  Order  1 

Obdkb  2.— IMarrfcopoZ. 
Simple  cholera  ... 
Diarrhoea 
.  Dysentery 

Total  Order  8 

Order  S.— Malarial. 
Remittent  fever... 
Ague 
Beriberi 

Total  Order  3 

I     Order  4.—ZoogenouM. 
.  Hydrophobia      ... 

Glanders 

Splenic  fever 

Cow-]>ox  and  other  effects 
of  vaccination... 

:  ToUlOrder4 

1      Onr  EB  5.— Venereal. 
SynbiiiB... 

(ionorrhoea,  stricture  of 
urethra,  ulcer  of  groin 

ToUlOrderS 

Ou>EB  B.— Septic. 
Fba««d8e[)a 
BnrslpeliLs     ^     *^*  ^ 
Fy  K  mia.  «ep  Ueiemi& 

i«plicffuiia 

Total  Order  6 

ToUl  Class  I. 


...  I 
4" 


"W 


f7 


6       10 


m 


wsn 


IB 


1:2  5. 


I  h* 


if 


Qg 


m 


13 


184 


I 


Thrush   ... 

QTber  dlficaies  from  vege- 
table pnraaitea 

Hycl^lid  disease 

WorQis   ,-, 

Other  dlcicafies  from  ani- 
mal para^Ue^- 

Total  Class  II.     ... 

Ularvatfou,  eipomire      ... 

Want  of  Irreaet-miLk 

Sfsurvy    ... 

Inteuiperance— 

Cbronie  alcoUolIsm     ... 
I     Delirium  treEiieiis 
I  Other  dietetic  diveasfiA  ... 

I  Total  Class  III.    ... 

I 

i  Rheumatic  fever 

I  Khoumatism 

'  Gout        

■  Rickets  ... 

,  ^.-:,+iJ,Li...      ... 

I  I  Tabea  mBfitiutedca,  tii- 
Iriere  ular  peri  ton  1 1  Is     .. . 

Tubfirptilar  nicningitiB, 
acute  hydrocopliaiud  ... 

PhthWs-.. 

Other  foriDft  of  tuberfiu- 
loslPt  scrofula  ... 

Purpura,  bfcmorrliagic 
dlathesiii 

An«timiaK  cb^orosieJeoocK 
oylbnoila 

Dlabotes  ]yelllt^)« 

Other  coiiBtitutlotial  dis- 
eases   ... 

Total  Class  IV.    ... 

Premature  birth 

Atelectasis 

Cvaiiosis 

Spina  bifida 

Imperforate  anus 

Cleft  palate,  hare-lip      ... 

Other  congenital  defects 

Old  age  ... 


12, 


... 

12! 

4 

5: 

1 
1 
1 

22 

7; 

6 

4 
*3 

42 

_i« 

21 
4 

1 

1 
313 


251 

48 

b 

22 
35 

i 

767 


Total  Class  V. 


196 
8 
3 
1 
1 
1 
i 

325 


639 


53j 


I  '  £ 


i 

OiiDKli  l.—Dineases  of  Ner- 
vous System. 
'  1  n  a  a  lu  ni  a  1 1 D  n  of  tbo 
I      brftlnor  its  mpiiibranoR 
Ccrt^^)  r  o-Eipi  11  B.1  III  en  1  iJigi  t  Ifi 

'  AjkOploKV 

I  Softening  of  brahi 
I  Memiiilegtft.  braJii  paraly- 
Bis 


67 

1 
168 
16 


4i    1ft 


1ft 

8 
8 
ft 

» 
7 
9 


8 

1 

4 

66ft 


111 
4 


3; 
2S3I 


17!      3A 


36 
242 


75 
4gft 


73 
11 


S! 


60 
79 


6701,437 

1641  360 

4  IS 

6;  8 

6  7 
1 

l|  9 

7,  11 

253  678 

979 


440 


I 

52,     119 

9 

909 

94 


1 
131 

8 


i      39 


236 


NBW    ZBALAND   OFFICIAL   TEAR-BOOK. 
Causes  op  Dkatu—  continued. 


CAttAei  or  Defttb^ 
Orden  uid  DJBeas«K. 


C«o»««  &f  DeAtb. 


Orders  AUd  DbetftM. 


I'. 


Flfi^  at  iut&ue    ... 
Ctiort'ii    .,. 
Ejtili^)  Hy 
Cl^DV11]:f^ldt1» 

X.Atviipipftiiie'i  Ptridulutt  ... 
ttlJopnilMG  ttMaitiiR 
^'Ai  nvli'^in-.    (UfiiAEfi'i    of 

i}ii]iHl  vMvd 

Otber  rllfit&ti:<iol  uervoilfi 
Total  Order  1 


OiTJii^n  2.~PifffiHeit  of 

Otiliis,  offti  rln"*... 
EfiSMikxiR.  viid  dlsiiMefi  of 

nope     ... 
Opb  1 1 » a]  n  1 1  »3  J]  d  d  liseMei 

of  sye  ... 

Tot&l  Older  S 


r/t tH J u t my  Sif*- fi-ttt . 
EDdocaiditiB.       VAtvuliir 

PericaidJttfi 

T1y|iiM'i I [i|-1iv  of  lirmt    *^^ 

Fkity     degeneration     of 

benrt  ... 
An^jfin  1>eutorJB... 
RvTii  n]*«9 

Ftti^'^di^^iii,  till oiiiboiis ... 

PlsieliiHi  

Vni  Ico^i'  veia^,  vilei 
Oflier  rlipHM^eft  of  cItchIa- 
lory  «>Ht4  Til     ... 

ToUi  Order  £1      ... 


OnT>FR  A.—DiMrttfirir  of 

OiJkt  ilii'irni'ea  of  lu-yajc 
And  trifcr^lifa     ... 

Tlri»n>3iMlii 
f  Hi-iiLiioniilK 

PIbiiHhv,. 

Oihwr  dii>v«n««  of  reftiiira- 
toryB^Btim     ,., 

T0t*lOrder4 


1^ 


93 


IT 
ft 

J?. 
5Sl     39*2] 


13J 


m 

6 

98 
13 
HI 


17 
€4H 


I. 
JflU 

61 


24S 
4 

i 

4 

i 

E3 


Sti 


D 

HI 
17 
11 

m 

3 


♦Oil 


1 


\m 


m    m 


573     im     D^O 


Oni>Fii  S.^Df*ea*a  of 

Btftiimthlv,  ciQcruzu  ovIb 

DtnUtuB 

h  or  t«  ll  I  roa  t»  q  ulu  ly 

])>p.|ii  fmlft 

Bs^uifeieuiefiiB    ,., 

Meiiina  ... 

Diht'Afcf.'fi  of  roiuM;li,  g|L9- 

liillf;    .„ 
Entt-rrtia 
U  k-i'^  B  tion  t    perfoi'BtloD , 

nf  initri^tjne 
Ileiifi.  obiuucUon  of  la* 

te^LJue 
Strtci  lire  or  itranGtilALtoii 

oriLiCt-aU&e      ... 
IiMDE^BuatrfiptiDD  ot  in  tea- 
tine 
Heinlft    ,,, 

FiRltjlA 

i'erJioiiitJi 

AF.t:ire«    .,. 

Gnn-etoneB 

L'  h  H 108  ife  of  I  i  ver 

Oilivr  ^U^eaftes  ol   Uver, 

]]f»f  Atii  i»^  jauudlc^e 
Al'pendiclim 
Otlier  (l)ir«B.«es  of  digea- 

iive  ay  at  em 

TotftlOtderfi 

OitiaKR  B.— BiMrtnen  of 
Lympimtic  Kytfetn  and 

J m tilt  $9  Uhiiidtt. 
DiFcafea     of     l^iniiiiAtle 

ayattm 
DJttnp'cta  of  ipleen 
pronrlicuct'l^       ...  ,» 

Add  i  B  on'B  dtseoao 

Tot&l  Order  6 


OnuKR  7.— Di*wiea  af 

Acnie  neHirUis... 
Brpght'ii  alat-aae 

VlHOlilL 

l^n|)l>11?Bfrlon  of  urJiio 

i^n^niMturla 

tiJht'tvi'eFi  of  bladder  and 

V>TOfatttte 
Other  dJiiP*ipeH  of  iiriua,rj 

Byf.ti^ni  ikldiicy-diaeftBee 

uudeacxJbed)  ,.. 

Totft]  Order  7 


OiitiEn  K--ri»etti>f»  of 
Jirprt»1nctiv€  SifWtrtn, 

{ei4  iJii^ffiHeii     of    ofigaua 
of  eeueralioD,— 

Ovarian  dUeafie 


ir 

S 
4 

4 

S 

u 

135 
9 
36 

4 

m 


110 


10 


£0 
IK 


f>'  19 

B|  t 

F5  119 

m  -260 


IS 

I* 


s 

56 

8 
10 

at 

f 

t1 


WJ 


a;      6 


a«. 


i 

34|  43 
67'  IS^ 
]3|       31 

"'}*        S 
9 


2eft     liol    375 


m! 


CAUSES   OF   DEATH. 


237 


Causes  of  Death — continued. 


Cui»B  of  Deattw 


^    I     Ord«r«  luid  Dlftoues, 


C&ue#i.  of  De^tbi, 


Ord(»n  and  Dim^Mefi, 


pradttcHpt  S^»t«H— ttd. 
iaO  Oifrn&eeft  of  organs  of 

Dts^Aea  of    uicrys  tJad 

DUordem   of   tueiuy-Qft- 

'     Uoa      ... 

I  Pflhn«ft]  &bBctffia 
!  DiieM««  of  t««t9«,  pen  is, 
•crotuin,  Jfcc.    .,. 

ik\  Dise^a^   Of   p&rtari- 
'  tlon,— 

AbortJoih  luJe^irriaiid   ... 
;  Puf^rperaJ  mAofa. 

Fuerp«r4l  coiivylilonfl  ,., 
Macenia    p'l'svla    (flood- 

I   iagi 

.  Pblegifiaaift  dolcDa 
Other  ac(;ideiila  of  child- 
birth  ... 

Total  Order  8 

Oftn£i»  9.—Bi*mwr»  of 
Otnanm  of  I^ocomoHtm. 

CAiifls .  n  ecro!iia . . . 

AftHniUK  ofltitifl 

Otiier  diaeaaes  of  OFBani 
of  loeoiuoUoQ ... 


Tot«J  Ordeir  9 
OftDsn  Uh—Di*m*e4  qf 

Carbuaelo 

P}]]«|EniOD,  collQlltU 
Lupai     ... 
Ulcer,  bed-florv  ... 
Ecaemih  ... 

Otbor  dii«afl«B  of  integu- 
iDGiit»ry  syakiia 

Total  Ordor  10     ,.. 

TouaClMftVl.    .,, 


9. 447 


US 


lit 


1317 


13 
4,961 


-<  a: 


Oroeb  L— Jfvultffi£  or 

Fr&c  turvfi,  coi  1 1  uttioaa    , , 

G  u n allot  wo tmda 

Cot,  stab 

Buru,  scald 

Bunatxoko 

l^omcD     ... 

DrowDlDf! 

SufTOfiaCloi] 

Otherwitta 

Total  Order  I 

Our  Kit  2.—Hf}mieMe. 
Murdtii-,  oiandlaiigbtfir  .. 
Wouudfi  in  tj&itlo 

TotAlOrdor^ 

G  u  ti  i4l  lot  w  ounda 
Cut.  »tab 
Poison     ... 
Drown  lag 
Hanging 
OtberwJid 


OniiRit  4. 


ToiaJ  Order  3 

Exe^Hfion. 


SOI 

3D 

10 

It 
IB 


it^ 


ToUl  Claai  VIL  ... 

DropKy    ,,. 
Mara^iniis,  A.c.   ... 
Mortlfleatlon,  gnngrene ... 
Tiiujour... 

.4IJSCOHH    .>^ 

Ifffitiiorrhn^i) 

Bud  [Ion   (o&uee    uriaacer- 

tained) 
Other  ill-donned  &□<!  uotr 

a|feciQtid  causea 

Total  Clftfia  VUL ... 
General  totals     ... 


49#^ 


m2 
1 


177 


9s   sm 


^ 


in 


120 

1 

2 


lao 


i,€dff3.^Sil^,0ftl 


9m 

lA 

so 
"it 

ST 
2T 


B4 

IT 
IS 

li 

15 
S 


I 
61^ 


13 


307 


Mortality  from  Febrile  and  Zymotic  Diseases. 

The  deaths  in  1905  from  specific  febrile  or  zymotic  diseases 
amounted  to  391,  a  proportion  of  4-49  in  every  10,000  persons 
living,  and  a  decrease  of  177  on  the  number  of  deatlis  in  1904, 
when  the  proportion  was  672. 

The  feature  of  last  year's  mortality  is  the  comparative  freedom 
of  the  colony  from  some  of  the  epidemic  diseases  most  fatal  to 
children — viz.,  measles,  scarlet  fever,  scarlatina,  and  whooping- 
cough — the  total  deaths  from  these  causes  being  only  21,  against 
58  in  1904  and  478  in  1903. 


238 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 


The  diseases  in  this  class  that  have  caused  the  greatest  mortality 
daring  the  past  ten  years  are  stated  in  the  table  that  follows.  Of 
these,  diarrhoeal  complaints  were  by  far  the  most  fatal,  causing 
2,282  deaths  in  the  decennial  period.  Influenza  comes  next,  with 
1,319  deaths ;  typhoid  fever  third,  with  838  deaths ;  whooping- 
cough  fourth,  with  579  deaths;  mesisles  fifth,  with  505  deaths; 
diphtheria  next,  472  deaths;  scarlet  fever,  with  228  deaths;  and 
puerperal  fever,  with  201  deaths  : — 


Diseases. 

1896. 

1807. 

1898. 

1899. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1901. 

1905. 

Measles  .. 

1 

1 

56    , 

137 

9 

6 

134  !  143 

10 

8 

Scarlet    fever    and 

4 

2 

2  : 

.  ^ 

10 

17 

39      131 

13 

i     ItJ 

scarlatina 

1 

Diphtheria 

74 

49 

45 

53 

63 

44 

54 

23 

27 

35 

Whooping-cough  . . 

24 

2 

G    ' 

123 

90 

9 

83 

204 

35 

'      3 

Influenza 

89 

120 

219    1 

135 

181 

219 

117 

5C 

113 

70 

Diarrhceal  diseases 

334 

257 

275 

298 

199 

139 

275 

184 

193 

128 

Enteric  or  typlioid 

124 

106 

120 

93 

68 

95 

53 

61 

73 

45 

fever 

. 

Puerperal  fever     . . 

10 

18 

19 

15 

24 

20 

25 

28 

21 

21 

The  mortality  from  measles  from  1896  to  1898  was  not  great, 
but  rose  to  137  deaths  in  1899,  falling  again  to  9  deaths  in  1900 
and  6  deaths  in  1901,  again  rising  to  134  in  1902,  and  further  to 
143  deaths  in  1903.  During  1904  and  1905  this  disease  was  not 
epidemic  in  the  colony,  and  caused  only  ten  and  eight  deaths 
resp'ictively.  From  scarlet  fever  and  scarlatina  there  were  only  10 
deaths  last  year,  as  compared  with  131  in  1903,  and  13  in  1904. 
The  mortality  from  diphtheria,  which  was  74  deaths  in  1896,  fell  to 
35  deaths  in  1905,  the  figures  for  the  intervening  years  not  pre- 
senting any  strikmg  features. 

Whooping-cough  in  1896,  1897,  and  1898,  caused  32  deaths. 
In  1899  the  mortality  sprang  up  again  to  a  total  of  123  deaths, 
against  90  in  1900,  9  in  1901,  and  ^3  in  1902.  In  1903  the 
mortality  was  heavy,  the  number  of  deaths  being  204,  but  in  1904 
only  35  deaths  are  recorded  from  this  complaint,  while  last  year  the 
number  was  further  reduced  to  3  deaths. 

Tiio  deaths  from  influenza  numbered  70  in  1905,  as  against 
113  in  the  previous  year.  The  fitjures  for  the  eight  previous  years 
ranged  from  89  to  219,  the  last  being  for  the  years  1898  and  1901. 

From  diarrhceal  complaints  the  deaths  in  1905  were  128,  against 
193  in  1904;  while  in  1896  the  mortahty  reached  the  height  of 
334  deaths,  and  in  18vS9  was  even  higher  (355),  with  a  much  smaller 
population  than  in  1905. 

Enteric  or  typhoid  fever  was  less  fatal  in  1905  than  in  1904, 
the  figures  being  45  deaths,  against  73.  The  highest  mortality 
during  the  deceniiium  was  in  1896,  when  the  deaths  numbered  124 
for  the  colony. 


VACCINATION. 


Bubonic  Plaguk. 


239 


The  year  1900  eaw  the  outbreak  of  the  disease  known  as  the 
bubonic  plague,  in  Sydney  and  other  parts  of  Australia.  In  that 
year  there  was  one  death  from  plague  in  New  Zealand,  which 
occurred  at  Auckland.  None  happened  in  the  year  1901,  but 
three  deaths  from  this  cause,  all  males,  were  registered  at  Auckland 
during  1902.  No  deaths  from  plague  were  recorded  in  1903,  but 
one  death  occurred  in  1904.  Last  year  no  deaths  were  ascribed  to 
this  cause.  The  Public  Health  Department  is  taking  every  possible 
precaution. 

Vaccination. 

The  vaccinations  registered  for  the  last  ten  years  are  as  under  : — 


Total 

Proportion  of 

Vacciiiatious 
registered 
of  Children 

Vaccinations 
of  Children 

under 
1  Year  of  Age. 

Number  of 
Births 

Successful  Vaccinations  of 

Year. 

Children  under 

Children  under 

under 

registered. 

14  Years  of  Ace 
to  Total  Births. 

1  Year  of  Age  to 

14  Years  of 

Total  Births. 

Age. 

Per  Cent. 

Per  Cent. 

1905 

..       3.818 

2,079 

23.682 

16- 12 

8-78 

1904 

..      18,368 

2,323 

22,766 

80  68 

10-20 

1903 

..     11,683 

5,566 

21,829 

53-52 

25-50 

1902 

8,763 

2,611 

20,6.55 

42-43 

12-64 

1901 

3,768 

1,984 

20,491 

18-39 

9-68 

1900 

..       4,525 

3,151 

19,546 

2315 

16-12 

1899 

..       5,133 

3.379 

18,835 

27-25 

17-94 

1898 

..     10,349 

5,507 

18,955 

54-60 

2905 

1897 

..      12,440 

6,162 

18,733 

6641 

32-89 

1896 

..      11,917 

5,727 

18,612 

6403 

30-78  • 

The  number  of  successful  vaccinations  of  children  registered  in 
1905  was  3,818,  against  18,368  in  1904.  The  fall  prior  to  1902  was 
consequent  on  the  alteration  of  the  law  relative  to  vaccination  in 
England,  and  subsequently  in  this  colony,  while  the  increase  shown 
for  the  three  years  1902-4  was  no  doubt  due  to  a  slight  visitation 
of  Bniall-pox  from  abroad,  which  caused  one  death  in  1903. 

Nine  children  out  of  every  hundred  born  in  1905  are  shown  to 
have  been  successfully  vaccinated  in  that  year.  This  is  a  falling- back 
to  the  position  which  obtained  in  1901  as  regards  vaccination  of  in- 
fants. The  exemptions  taken  out  will  also  be  found  from  the  sub- 
sequent remarks  to  have  fallen  in  number.  The  procedure  under  the 
new  law  as  regards  vaccination  is  similar  to  that  previously  in  force. 
The  Registrar  issues  a  notice  when  a  birth  is  registered,  with  forms 
for  certificate  as  to  the  result  of  vaccination  attached.  Vaccination 
is  Btill  compulsory,  if  exemption  is  not  secured  in  four  months  from 
date  of  birth.  But  everything  is  now  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
the  "  exemption  clause,"  which  is  the  main  feature,  and  governs 
the  rest.  Any  parent  or  custodian  who  has  conscientious  objec- 
tions— believing  that  vaccination  would  be  injurious  to  the  child's 
health — can  apply  for  a  certificate  of  exemption  to  a  Magistrate  or 
Registrar  of  Births  ;  and,  when  the  child's  parent  or  guardian  is 
resident  outside  of  a  borough,  the  application  may  be  made  to  and 
certificate  granted  by  a  Justice  of  the  Peace. 


240 


NSW    ZEALAND  OPPIOIAL   TBAR-BOOX. 


Thirteen  thousand  one  hundred  and  seventy-nine  exemption  cer- 
tificates were  issued  from  the  13th  October,  1900,  when  the  Act 
came  into  force,  to  the  end  of  the  year  1905.  Of  these  1,966  belong 
to  the  year  1905,  when,  as  before  stated,  the  successful  vaccination 
of  children  under  one  year  of  age  amounted  to  2,079,  or  9  per  cent. 
of  births. 

When  no  exemption  certificate  is  obtained,  the  law  now  allows 
to  the  parent  twelve  months  instead  of  six  from  date  of  birth  in  which 
to  vaccinate,  and  a  similar  period  from  date  of  taking  charge  of 
child  in  case  of  a  custodian.  There  are  penalties  for  not  vaccinating, 
as  before.  One  conviction  for  neglecting  to  vaccinate  a  child  re- 
moves liability  until  the  child  is  four  years  of  age. 

The  figures  given  above  do  not  include  Maoris  vaccinated,  nor 
vaccinations  of  adult  persons  other  than  Natives. 

Parasitic  Diseases. 

There  were  16  deaths  from  parasitic  diseases,  the  proportion 
per  10,000  living  being  018.  Deaths  from  hydatids  numbered  16  in 
1905. 

Dietetic  Diseases. 

Under  the  class  '*  Dietetic  diseases "  are  included  33  deaths 
from  intemperance.  But  these  cannot  be  said  to  represent  the  full 
extent  of  the  mortality  really  caused  by  the  abuse  of  alcoholic 
liquors.  Many  deaths  of  intemperate  persons  are  attributed  to 
disease  of  the  liver,  kidneys,  &c.,  in  the  medical  certificates. 

Constitutional  Diseases  :  Phthisis,  Cancer,  etc. 

The  deaths  from  constitutional  diseases  in  1905  numbered  1,437, 
or  16-52  per  10,000  of  population,  and  18  out  of  every  100  deaths 
from  all  causes.  This  class  of  disease  is  more  fatal  than  any  other 
except  that  defined  as  *' Local  diseases,"  on  account  of  the  great 
numbers  of  deaths  from  cancer  and  phthisis,  with  other  tubercular 
complaints,  which  are  classed  as  "  Constitutional." 

The  number  of  deaths  from  phthisis  was  496  in  1905.  The 
deaths  in  1905  were  in  the  proportion  of  5*70  in  every  10,000 
persons  living,  against  7  08  in  the  previous  year. 
■':>  Figures  for  ten  years  are  quoted,  showing  that  the  total  number 
of  deaths  from  this  disease  in  1902  was  the  highest  recorded  during 
the  decennium,  though  the  rate  has  been  higher  in  some  of  the 
previous  years. 

Year. 

1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1908 
1904 
1905 


Deaths  from     Rate 

Phthisis. 

per  10.000. 

..       623 

7-40 

596 

826 

697 

811 

693 

7-91 

677 

7-56 

696 

766 

617 

778 

670 

696 

698 

708 

.       496 

6-70 

CONSTITUTIONAL   DISEASES. 


241 


Of  the  persons  dying  from  phthisis  in  New  Zealand  during  1906, 
more  than  one-half  were  born  in  the  colony.  The  numbers  are  : 
total  of  deaths  from  phthisis,  496 ;  275  of  them  having  been  New- 
Zealand-bom.     The  proportion  is  55  per  cent. 

At  the  census  of  1901  the  New -Zealand -born  were  shown  to  be 
67  per  cent,  of  the  population,  which  would  give  the  approximate 
number  of  the  same  in  1905  as  582,900.  The  death-rate  from 
phthisis  amongst  these  persons  was,  judging  from  the  numbers  in 
the  table  annexed,  472  per  10,000  living. 

The  death-rate  from  phthisis  in  the  United  Kingdom  is  stated  by 
the  Registrar- General  to  be  at  the  rate  of  1203  per  10,000  living  for 
the  year. 

Deaths  from  Phthisis,  1905. 

Table  showing  the  Number  of  PersoDS  who  died  from  Phthisis  in  the  Colony 
during  the  Year  1905,  classified  aooordiug  to  Age,  Sex,  and  Length  of 
Residence  in  the  Colony. 


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242  NEW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TEAK-BOOK. 

Ill  Australasia  the  rate  is  materially  increased  by  the  deaths 
of  persons  who  have  come  from  other  councries  either  already 
suffering  from  phthisis  or  predisposed  thereto.  There  is  no  reason 
for  believing  that  this  circumstance  has  more  effect  on  the  death- 
rate  in  Australia  than  in  New  Zealand;  so  that  the  lower  rate 
referred  to  in  previous  issues  of  this  work  as  obtaining  in  this 
colony  may  be  taken  as  proof  of  the  superiority  of  its  climate  for 
withstanding  consumptive  tendencies. 

Phthisis  is  now  known  to  be  and  is  treated  as  an  infectious 
preventable  disease  caused  by  the  Bacillm  tuberculosus,  which  is 
communicable  in  many  ways.  Certain  constitutions  are  far  more 
predisposed  than  others  to  receive  this  bacillus,  especially  under 
conditions  of  life  unfavourable  to  robust  health,  when  a  nidus  is 
formed  for  the  development  of  the  bacillus.  The  Government  has 
estabhshed  a  sanatorium  for  consumptives  at  Cambridge  in  the 
Waikato,  and  further  institutions  are  contemplated. 

From  other  forms  of  tuberculosis  the  deaths  in  1905  were  182, 
or  209  per  10,000  of  population.  Thus  a  large  addition  has  to  be 
made  to  the  deaths  from  phthisis  to  appreciate  the  full  mischief 
done  by  tubercular  disease. 

Deaths  frojn  all  Tubercular  Diseases. 

'  The  mortality  from  all  forms  of  tubercular  disease,  taken  to- 
gether, has  been  at  the  average  rate  of  about  10  persons  per  10,000 
living  for  thci  last  ten  years.  This  rate  is  far  lower  thaii  that  which 
obtamed  in  England  during  the  year  1903,  when  the  proportion  was 
17-42  per  10,000  living. 

A  table  is  supplied  showing  the  results  for  each  of  ten  years  in 
New  Zealand.  Besides  the  death-rate  from  tubercular  diseases,  it 
also  shows  the  percentage  of  deaths  by  tubercle  to  those  from  all 
causes,  which  was  from  841  to  11-57  per  cent,  for  the  decennial 
period  1896-1905. 

Decennial  Table,  1896-1905,  showikg  the  Death-rate  from  Tubebcuc  per 
10,000  Living  and  Perckntage  of  Total  Deaths. 


Number 
Mean  of  HeathM  from 


Percentage'of 


Y-r.  PoiMUution.  T^Zi^^''     Rate  per  10.000.        Total  Delth. 

Diseases.  ^^*^*»  *-l  Causea. 

1896  ..  ..       706,846  680  9-62  10*67 

1897  ..       721,609  763  10  57  11-67 
1808  ..              ..       73(),260  769  10"44  10*62 

1899  749,984  795  10*60  10-36 

1900  713,594  752  985  10  44 

1901  ..       777,968  775  9  96  10*16 

1902  797,793  802  10*05  9*68 

1903  ..  820,217  769  9*88  9*02 

1904  845,022  799  0*40  9*88 

1905  ..       870,000  678  7*79  8*41 


TUBEROULAK   DISEASES. 


243 


DscxHHiAL  Table,  1896-1905.  ~  Deaths  from  various  TubercuUr  Diseases 
registered  in  New  Zealand,  specifying  the  Number  under  and  over  Five 
Years  of  Age. 

Persons. 


Tabes 

Tutioroular 

Totwreal&f 

Acuta 

PbtbtHlfl. 

Other  Forms 

of 
TuberculoflU, 

ToUl  Deatlii 
Toberculosl*. 

5 

Per  itdni  Lift. 

H.^droti«pUalui 

ScrofQlm. 

^ 

year. 

< 

II 

it 

MS 

il 

11 

il' 

Il  -  4 

li 

II 

1 

1106      .. 

36 

11 

30 

^ 

B 

518 

10 

33 

90 

590 

680 

m!    ,. 

35 

9 

33 

32 

7 

5B9 

13 

45 

83 

675 

763 

IBSB      .. 

37 

12 

ST 

38 

10 

587 

-  U 

37 

95 

674 

769 

\m    ,., 

43 

19 

82 

40 

10 

663 

12 

56 

97 

698 

795 

woo     .. 

m         20 

24 

55 

13 

564 

9         47 

66 

685 

752 

1»1 

30    ,     2S 

30 

31 

10 

58S 

U         52 

84 

691 

775 

190S      .. 

26     .     19 

36 

30 

5 

612 

8 

66 

75 

727 

802 

1903      .. 

22         2d 

39 

B5 

9 

561 

11 

64 

81     ;     688 

769 

1904      .. 

17     ;     18 

41 

U 

5 

593 

12 

66 

78         721 

799 

1905      .. 

15         19 

37 

SB 

i 

4D2 

8 

05 

Oi     ;    614 

678 

Nine  deaths  from  ''lupas"  recorded  during  the  decennium  have 
not  been  included  in  the  above  table.  They  were  all  deaths  of  adult 
persons  (3  males  and  6  females),  excepting  1,  aged  13  years.  Two 
deaths  of  females,  aged  13  and  69  years  respectively,  were  registered 
as  from  this  disease  in  1905. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  term  **  tubercular  diseases"  includes 
"phthisis,"  '*  tabes  mesenterica,"  '*  tubercular  peritonitis,"  "  tuber- 
cular meningitis,"  **  acute  hydrocephalus,"  with  other  forms  of 
tuberculosis  (scrofula,  &c.).  Of  these  the  mortality  from  phthisis 
forms  by  far  the  greatest  part  of  the  whole.  Thus,  in  1905  there 
were  496  deaths  from  phthisis  out  of  a  total  of  678  deaths  from  all 
tubercular  complaints.  Of  496  deaths  by  phthisis,  only  4  were  of 
persons  under  6  years  of  age. 

Examination  of  the  next  table,  giving  the  full  series  of  ages 
of  persons  who  died  from  tubercular  disease  during  the  year  1905, 
shows  that  of  34  deaths  from  tabes  mesenterica,  with  tubercular 
peritonitis,  15  were  of  children  under  5  years.  Also  that,  of  75 
deaths  from  tubercular  meningitis,  with  acute  hydrocephalus,  37 
were  of  persons  under  5  years,  and  24  from  5  to  20  years.  Under 
"other  forms  of  tuberculosis"  (excepting  phthisis)  the  greater 
numbers  of  deaths  are  at  ages  under  30  years. 

The  mortality  from  phthisis  is  heaviest  at  20-30  years,  being  183 
deaths  out  of  496  of  all  ages ;  but  large  numbers  are  found  in  the 
columns  as  far  as  that  for  the  advanced  term  of  65  to  70  years,  at 
which  the  deaths  for  1905  were  20,  and  16  deaths  from  this  cause 
are  of  persons  of  70  years  and  upwards. 


244 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAR-BOOK. 


Table  showing  the  Nuinbi  r  of  Deaths  from  Tubercular  Diseases  registered  in 
New  Zealand  during  the  Year  1905,  arranged  in  Groapi  of  iges. 


P«r»ow«. 

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12 

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1 

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34 

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T  u  iM-rt^u  1  nr     i  h  en  1  ii- 

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n 

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n 

bert::uLo(9iH.  scrofulA 

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To  show  tlie  mortality  from  tuberculosis  ia  various  parts  of 
the  colony,  a  table  ^ivinj^  the  deaths  in  the  various  provincial  dis- 
tricts is  added,  which,  however,  only  shows  that  the  mortality  is 
distributed  very  much  according  to  population.  The  deaths'  in 
the  North  Island  are,  however,  found  to  be  48  fewer  than  those 
for  the  South  Island,  or  315  deaths  and  363  deaths  for  those 
divisions  respectively  : — 

Tablk  showing  the  Number  of  Deaths  from  Tubercular  Disease  reRistered  in 
tach  Provincial  Dis«riot  «f  N«»w  Zealand  dudng  the  Year  1905. 


Provincial 
District. 

Tabes 

Mesfutorira, 

1  ubfrcniar 

Peritonitis. 

Tubercular 

Meningitis, 

Acute 

Hydrocephalus. 

Pbthisis. 

FovmVot       ToUVDc^th. 

Tuberculosis,!  t„w?S^i. 
Scrofula,     '1  Tuberculosii. 

Auckland 
TaraTiaki 
Ha^^ke'8  Bay 
\V»-IIington   .. 
Mailboiough 
NiImh 
Weatland 
Canterbury   .. 
Otago 

y 

1 
1 
6 

3 

10 

8 
9 

17 

2 

13 
21 

117 

16 

27 

C3 

7 

29 

5 

lul 

131 

19 
3 
2 

13 
4 
4 
2 
6 

20 

153 

29 

34 

99 

11 

37 

9 

124 

182 

Totals    . . 

34 

75 

496 

73 

678 

Le<^islative  action,  before  referred  to,  has  been  already  taken  in 
the  direction  of  guardinjjj  the  life  and  health  of  the  people  from 
tubercle ;  further  than  this,  the  complete  isolation  of  consumptive 
patients,  with  the  disinfecting  of  their  sputa  and  of  everything  that 
has  been  in  contact  with  them,  is  suggested  from  time  to  time  as  a 
necessary  measure. 

Cancer. 

The  deatlis  from  cancer  during  the  year  1905  were  566.  There 
were  more  deaths  of  males  than  of  females,  the  numbers  being — 
males  313,  females  253.  The  rate  of  mortality  per  10,000  living  was 
6-51.     The  apparent  increase  in  deaths  from  this  disease  is  shown 


CANCBB. 


245 


hirtber  on  and  compared  with  that  of  England.  But  the  increase  is 
not  believed  by  all  authorities  to  be  a  fact  to  the  extent  represented, 
but  partly  the  result  of  more  careful  certification  of  the  causes  of 
death »  and  of  improved  diagnosis  in  cases  of  what  is  termed  inac- 
cessible cancer. 

It  is  certain,  however,  that  out  of  a  total  of  8,061  deaths  from 
all  causes  in  New  Zealand  during  1905,  566,  or  7  02  per  cent.,  were 
caused  by  cancer. 

The  death-rate  from  cancer  is  not  so  great  as  that  from  tubercular 
diseases,  but  is  nevertheless  a  most  alarming  matter,  not  only  on  ac- 
count of  the  number  of  deaths,  but  because  of  its  progressive  increase. 
A  decennial  table  shows  that  the  deaths  from  cancer  per  10,000 
persons  living  rose  from  5  50  in  1896  to  7  10  in  1903,  6  76  in 
1904,  and  6*51  in  1905 ;  and  that  whereas  605  out  of  every  ICO 
deaths  were  attributable  to  cancer  ten  years  ago,  the  proportion 
had  grown  to  7  02  last  year. 

TiBLX showing  for  each  of  ihe  Ten  Years  1896  to  1905  the  Number  of  Persons  re- 
gistered as  having  died  from  Ganci  r,  the  Proportion  of  Deaths  from  Cancer 
per  10,000  living,  and  the  Petcentage  of  all  DeatI  s  attributed  to  Cancer. 


Deaths  from 

Estimated 

Deaths 

Total 

Cancer 

Percent  age  of 

Year. 

Mean 

from 

Deaths,  all 

per  10,000 

Total  Deaths 

Population. 

Cancer. 

Causes. 

of  Living 
rersiinB. 

due  to  Cancer. 

18% 

706,846 

389 

6,432 

550 

605 

1897 

721,609 

395 

6,595 

5  47 

5-.  9 

1898 

736,260 

471 

7,244 

6-40 

6-50 

1899 

749,984 

468 

7,660 

6-24 

609 

1900 

763,594 

430 

7,200 

563 

5-97 

1901 

777,968 

515 

7.634 

062 

6-75 

1002 

797,793 

536 

8,375 

672 

6  40 

1903 

j       820,217 

582 

,       8,528 

710 

6-82 

1904 

1       845,022 

571 

,       8,087 

676 

7  06 

1905 

870.000 

566 

1       8,061 

6-51 

702 

To  exhibit  how  cancer  afifects  the  different  parts  of  the  human 
body  in  respect  of  each  sex,  the  experience  of  five  years  (1901  to 
1905)  is  shown  in  a  succeeding  table.  Of  any  single  organ  affected, 
the  stomach  is  the  one  most  liable  to  be  the  seat  of  cancer  among 
males,  while  the  mouth,  lips,  tongue,  and  throat,  taking  all  these 
organs  together,  show  a  large  number.  Next  to  the  stomach, 
the  liver  is  with  males  the  organ  which  is  most  often  attacked, 
to  judge  by  mortality  records,  and  next  in  order  come  the  in- 
testines and  rectum.  Afterwards  follow  the  kidneys,  bladder,  and 
urethra. 

Amongst  the  females,  the  organs  of  generation — ovaries,  uterus, 
and  vagina — as  a  group,  show  most  cases  of  mortality  from  cancer  ; 
but,  as  with  the  males,  the  stomach  is,  of  any  single  organ,  the 
one  most  affected,  the  breast,  liver,  intestines,  and  rectum  follow- 
ing. Females  do  not  contract  cancer  in  the  mouth  (judging  by  the 
returns  of  deaths),  tongue, "  lips,  and  throat  to  nearly  the  same 
extent  as  prevails  among  males.  Whatever  may  be  the  cause,  the 
figures  are  remarkable,  being  only  6  5  out  of  every  100  deaths  from 
cancer  among  females,  against  28  3  out  of  every  100  of  males  d^'vu^ 


246 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TSAR-BOOS. 


from  the  same  cause,  or,  expressed  in  numbers,  74  deaths  of 
females  occurred  against  400  of  males  from  cancer  in  the  mouth, 
(fee.,  in  a  five  years'  experience  of  mortality. 

Deaths  fbom  Gancbb,  1901,  1902,  1903,  1904,  and  1905. 

Table  showing  the  Number  of  Deaths  of  Males  and  Females  from  Caooer  daring 

the  YeaH  IQT)!  to  1905,  clasHified  accor.)ir.g  to  the  Part  of  the  Body  affected. 


Part  affected. 


1901. 


1902. 


1903. 


IliU 


19M. 


3    "i 


190Sw 


II 

SB'S 


u 

n 

£    CO 


Males. 


Mju&h,    lip,    tongue, 
throat,  neok,  &  j. 

Stomach    . . 

Intesiines,  rectum 

Liver 

Kidoeyfl,      bladder, 
urethra,  <&o. 

Leg,  foot,  (fee. 

Luog 


Not  specified 
Totals 


Month,  toDgue,  i 
throat,  (fee.  . .  , 

Brea«»t 

Stonmoh    . . 

Intestines,  rectum  ..  ! 

Kidneys,  bladier     . .  i 

Ovary,  uterus,  vagina  i 

Liver  . .  . . 

Gall-bUdder,  spleen,  ' 
pancreas  . .  I 

Lung,  spine,  thigi),  i 
shoulder  . .  , 


Per 

»'er 

I'er 

Per 

Per 

le. 

Cent. 

Cent. 

Cent. 

Cent. 

Cent. 

60 

24-69 

63 

24- 14 

99 

33-56 

99 

32-46 

79 

26-69 

97 

3992 

112 

42  91 

96 

32-54 

107 

3508 

107 

3615 

, , 

32 

13  17 

32 

12-26 

35 

11-87 

31 

1116 

29 

9-80 

•• 

37 

15  23 

38 

14-56 

35 

11-87 

42 

13-77 

49 

16-55 

13 

5-35 

12 

460 

17 

5-76 

13 

4-26 

25 

845 

4 

1-35 

7 

2-30 

4 

1-35 

4 

i-64 

4 

1-53 

9 

3-06 

3 

0-98 

3 

1-01 

243 

lOOOO 

261 

100  00 

295 

10000 

305 

100  00 

296 

10000 

•• 

22 
255 

•• 

35 

•• 

30 

•• 

18 

17 

•• 

206  !  . . 

:^25 

.. 

323 

.. 

313 

Femilcs. 


0 
38 
Gl 
19 

2 
55 
29 


Not  specified 


Totals 


217 
..  I  33 

..    250 


2-77 

16 

17-51 

3.} 

28-11 

43 

8  76 

33 

0\)2 

8 

25-85 

44 

1330 

33, 

0-92 

3 

230 

2| 

10000 

215 

•• 

2o 
210 

7  44'  21 

1  9  05 

12 

517 

19 

809 

1535,  33 

1  14  23  25 

10-78 

38 

1617 

20(;0  51 

,  21-98  55 

23-71 

51 

21-70 

15.35  28 

1  1207  32 

13-79 

34 

1447 

3  721  5 

1  216   4 

1-72 

7 

2-98 

20-46  48 

20  09  68 

2500 

4<) 

20-85 

15-35  38 

16-38  35 

15-09 

27 

11-49 

1-40|  4 

1-72 

1 

0-43 

4 

1-70 

0-93J  4 

1-72 

10 

4-31 

6 
235 

2-55 

10000'232 

10000 

232 

10000 

100-00 

..  .25 

16 

•• 

18 
-253 

. .  !257 

248 

.. 

Considering^  the  numbers  of  persons  dying  at  the  dilTerent  age- 
periods,  the  following  table  of  ten  years'  results  shows  the  age  of 
30  years  to  be  the  time  of  hfe  at  which  deaths  from  cancer  begin 
to  be  numerous  (it  is  really  35  for  males  and  30  for  females).  The 
maximum  of  deaths  is  reached  at  the  period  GO  to  65  for  males,  and 
b^  to  60  for  females.  Tliese  remarks  are  given  without  reference  to 
the  numbers  of  persons  living  at  the  various  ages. 

Deaths  from  cancer,  it  will  be  observeci,  are  very  rare  among 
children  under  5  years,  and  not  frequent  in  those  above  that  age. 


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248 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TSAB-BOOK. 


The  following  extract  from  a  contribution  to  the  Lancet,  by  Dr. 
W.  Vernon  Shaw,  is  of  interest : — 

"  The  growth  of  cancer  oelld  is  to  be  looked  upon  as  an  effort  of  reprodno- 
tion  in  damaged  tissue,  the  incidence  of  the  damage  falling  upon  the  nuclear 
Btructures.  This  damage  alters  the  nature  of  these  Btruoiures  8)  that  the  vege- 
tative functions  of  the  cell  run  riot,  and  the  cells  become  parasitic  towards  the 
organism  in  which  the  growth  is  taking  place.  The  nature  of  the  changes  in  the 
cancer  cells  and  their  life-history  thus  becomes  the  important  point  fcom  whioh 
the  origin  of  the  cancer  process  must  be  determined. 

<*  What  is  the  cause  of  this  vegetative  activity  ?  Is  it  an  initial  damage  to 
the  cells  in  response  to  which  there  is  an  over  active  attempt  at  repair?  Ttie 
peculiar  frequency  of  such  disease  in  organs  once  active  but  now  undergoing 
iDVolatioEi  would  suggest  this  explanation,  and  also,  the  frequent  origin  of 
malignant  growths  in  damaged  tissue  further  sjpports  this  view." 

The  death-rates  for  cancer  in  respect  of  each  sex  are  given  for 
each  of  ten  years,  selected  to  show  the  position  as  from  1886  to 
1905  :— 

Deaths  fbom  Cancer  in  eveby  10,000  Persons  of  bach  Sex  uyino 
IN  New  Zealand. 

lear. 
1886 

1890 

1894 

1898 

1899 

1900 

The  mortality  was  higher  among  the  males  than  among  the  females 
(with  the  exception  of  1890  and  1901),  which  is  the  reverse  of  English 
experience,  where  the  rate  was  7*32  per  10,000  of  males  and  10  03  of 
females  for  the  year  1903.  In  the  United  Kingdom,  however,  the 
rate  of  increase  is  so  much  higher  among  males  than  with  females 
that  the  Begistrar-General  calculates  equilibrium  will  be  reached  in 
about  the  year  1932,  and  thereafter  the  rate  among  males  would 
exceed  the  rate  among  females. 

The  increase  in  the  numbers  for  the  sexes  together  for  England 
and  New  Zealand  is  represented  in  the  proportions  below  : — 


Males. 

Females, 

Year. 

3-69 

3-67 

1901 

4-72 

4-79 

1902 

666 

5-27 

1903 

6-77 

5-98 

1904 

6-85 

5-56 

1905 

612 

509 

Males. 

FemalM. 

6  48 

677 

705 

635 

7-51 

6-68 

7-23 

628 

6-79 

618 

Deaths  from  Cancer  in  every  10,000  Persons  living. 


Year. 

New  Zealand. 

England. 

Year. 

New  Zealand. 

Englan 

1881 

2  69 

5-20 

1899     .. 

. .       6-24 

8-29 

1886      . . 

3-68 

6  90 

1900    .. 

5-63 

8-28 

1891 

4  68 

6-92 

1903     .. 

710 

8-71 

1896      .. 

5-50 

7-64 

MORTALITY    FROM   DEVELOPMENTAL   DISEASES. 


249 


The  actu&l  number  of  deaths  of  persons  of  either  sex  and  all  ages 
registered  in  New  Zealand  daring  the  last  fifteen  years  was  : — 


1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 


Males. 

Fomales. 

Totals. 

164 

141 

295 

173 

134 

307 

188 

144 

332 

240 

168 

408 

208 

175 

383 

205 

184 

389 

210 

185 

395 

263 

208 

471 

271 

197 

468 

246 

184 

430 

265 

250 

515 

296 

240 

536 

325 

257 

582 

323 

248 

571 

313 

253 

566 

Totals    .. 


3,680 


2,968 


6,648 


Mortality  prom  Developmental  Diseases. 
The  total  of  deaths  from  developmental  diseases  was  979,  or 
11-25  per  10,000  persons  living.  The  mortality  from  premature  birth 
comprised  3t0  deaths,  and  that  from  atelectasis,  cyanosis,  and  other 
congenital  defects  41  deaths.  The  proportion  of  deaths  from  pre- 
mature birth  varies  from  11  to  15  out  of  every  1,000  births,  and 
that  from  congenital  defects  from  2  to  4  per  1,000  births.  Parti- 
culars for  ten  years  exhibit  the  annual  rates : — 

NUMBEB  AND   PROPORTIONS   PER   1,000   BiRTHS. 

Deaths  from  Premature  Birth.        Deaths  from  Congenital  Defects. 


Tear. 

Number. 

Proportion 
per  1,000. 

1896 

230 

12-36 

1897 

211 

11-26 

1808 

251 

1324 

1899 

261 

13  86 

1900 

276 

1412 

1901 

264 

12-88 

1902 

303 

14-66 

1903 

301 

13-79 

1904 

291 

12-78 

1905 

360 

15-20 

Number. 

46 
52 
54 
47 
55 
63 
79 
67 
58 
41 


Proportion 
per  1,000. 

2-47 

2-78 

2-85 

2-50 

281 

307 

3-82 

307 

2-54 

1-73 


Stating  the  result  in  another  way,  there  was  one  death  from 
premature  birth  to  every  66  births  in  1905,  and  one  death  from  con- 
genital defect  to  every  578  births.  In  England  the  proportion  of 
aeaths  from  premature  birth  to  every  1,000  births  was  as  high  as 
19-93  in  the  year  1900. 


250  new  zealand  official  tear-book. 

Old  Age. 

Deaths  from  old  age  in  1905  numbered  578,  against  470  in  1904. 

Mortality  from  Local  Diseases. 

Deaths  by  diseases  of  the  nervous  system  were  913,  or  11*33  out 
of  every  100  deaths  from  all  causes,  and  1049  out  of  every  10,000 
persons  living.  Of  the  913  deaths,  299  were  due  to  apoplexy, 
121  to  convulsions,  and  119  to  inflammation  of  the  brain  and  its 
membranes.  Paralysis,  including  hemiplegia  and  paralysis  of  the 
insane,  caused  172  deaths,  and  locomotor  ataxia  10  deaths.  Para- 
plegia, with  diseases  of  the  spinal  cord,  caused  33  deaths.  Deaths 
from  nervous  diseases  (excluding  convulsions  of  children)  numbered 
792,  or  9- 10  per  10,000  persons  living. 

Diseases  of  the  circulatory  system  resulted  in  1,014  deaths,  being 
12  58  out  of  every  100  from  all  causes,  and  11*66  per  10,000  persons 
living.  Of  the  total  number  in  this  order,  endocarditis  and  valvular 
disease  of  the  heart  contributed  649  deaths.  From  angina  pectoris 
there  were  36  deaths,  from  syncope  141,  from  aneurism  17,  and 
from  other  forms  of  heart-disease  (hypertrophy,  fatty  degeneration, 
and  pericarditis)  96. 

Diseases  of  the  respiratory  system  show  980  deaths,  of  which 
782  were  attributable  to  bronchitis  and  pneumonia.  TaJcen  together, 
these  two  complaints  were  the  cause  of  more  deaths  than  was 
phthisis;  and  adding  56 from  pleurisy,  15  from  croup,  14  from  laryn- 
gitis, and  113  from  other  respiratory  diseases,  the  mortality  in  the 
order  is  found  to  be  12- 16  per  cent,  of  the  total  deaths,  and  11*^6 
per  10,000  of  the  population. 

Deaths  from  diseases  of  the  digestive  system  also  formed  a  large 
proportion  of  the  whole  (969  per  cent.),  the  number  being  781. 
Enteritis  was  most  fatal,  showing  260  deaths,  Uver-diseases  (93), 
gastritis  (119)  coming  next,  while  53  deaths  were  due  to  appen- 
dicitis. 

Of  375  deaths  from  diseases  of  the  urinary  system  in  1905,  the 
deaths  from  Bright's  disease  of  the  kidneys  (albuminuria)  numbered 
199. 

Of  the  groups,  (a)  and  {b),  constituting  the  order  styled  **  Diseases 
of  tlie  reproductive  system,"  the  greater  mortality  is  found  under 
(b),  "  Diseases  of  parturition."  In  considering  the  deaths  of 
women  in  childbirth  the  number  from  Order  6,  Class  I.,  under  the 
designation  "  Puerperal  fever,  pyaemia,  septicaBinia,"  have  also  to  be 
dealt  with. 

As  the  figures  are  highly  important,  a  special  comparative  state- 
ment has  been  made  out,  giving  besides  the  number  of  deaths  of 
mothers  the  proportions  in  every  10,000  children  born.  These  pro- 
portions, taken  over  ten  years'  comparison,  fluctuate  irregularly,  the 
extreme  limits  being  38  37  per  10,000  births  in  the  vear  1900,  and 
58-64  for  the  year  1903. 


H0SFITAL8. 


251 


Year. 


Women  dying  in  Childbirth. 


Deaths  of  Women  in  each  Tear. 


In  Childbirth.      | 


From  Puer- 
peral Fe\  er,  ^c. 


Total. 


IBOG 

77 

10 

1        87 

WTi      ,. 

64 

18 

;        82 

18»      . . 

72 

19 

1         91 

1899     . . 

71 

15 

86 

1900      . . 

61 

24 

1         75 

1901      . . 

70 

20 

'         90 

IQCa      . . 

85 

25 

!     no 

1903      . . 

100 

28 

'       128 

1904      . . 

85 

21 

106 

1905     . . 

79 

21 

1       100 

Deatl  8of 

Mothers  to  fvery 

10,000  Children 

Born.* 


46-74 
43-76 
48  01 
45-66 
88-37 
43-H2 
58-26 
68-64 
46-56 
42-23 


*  Still-births  are  not  registered. 

But  any  conclusion  drawn  from  the  above  figures  must  be  held 
as  qualified  by  the  remarks  on  page  209  touching  the  matter  of 
diminished  fertility  of  wives  at  the  child-bearing  ages. 

Violent  Deaths. 

Deaths  by  violence  form  a  large  item  in  the  total  mortality.  In 
1905  the  proportion  per  10,000  of  persons  living  was  7  07,  the  total 
number  of  deaths  having  been  615. 

Of  498  males  who  died  violent  deaths,  69  were  suicides.  The 
deaths  of  females  by  violence  were  far  fewer  than  those  of  males, 
ftmounting  to  117,  and  out  of  these  only  20  committed  suicide.  A 
table  given  previously  states  the  full  Hst  of  deaths  from  external  or 
violent  causes  for  the  year  1905. 

Accidental  deaths  numbered  520— males  425,  and  females  95. 
Of  the  total  male  deaths,  201  resulted  from  fractures  or  contusions, 
and  126  from  drowning.  Of  the  female  deaths,  16  were  due  to 
drowning. 

Hospitals,  Mental  Hospitals,  Benevolent  Asylums,  and 
Charitable  Institutions. 

Hospitals. 

Prior  to  the  abolition  of  provinces  the  hospitals  of  the  colony 
were  supported  mainly  out  of  provincial  revenues.  After  that 
event  the  expenditure  for  hospitals  was  for  the  most  part  charged 
against  the  revenue  of  counties  and  municipal  corporations,  until 
October,  1885,  when  **  The  Hospitals  and  Cliaritable  Institutions 
Act,  1885,"  came  into  force. 

The  portion  of  the  colony  included  witliin  the  three  principal 
islands— the  North,  Middle,  and  Stewart  Islands — is  divided  into 
thiny-tive  hospital  districts,  each  consisting  of  one  or  more  counties 
with  the  interior  boroughs,  to  be  presided  over  by  elective  Boards, 
designated  "Hospital  and  Charitable  Aid  Boards." 

The  revenues  of  these  Boards  accrue  from  the  following  sources  : — 

(1.)  'BieniB  and  projStB  of  land  and  endowments  vested  in  \,\\ft^o^xv\^ 
or  set  Apart  for  the  beneBt  of  particular  in8t\lu\.\o\\^  \ 


2o2 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TEAB-BOOK. 


(2.)  Voluntary  contributions ; 

(3.)  Grants  from  contributory  local  autborities  ;  and 

(4.)  Subsidies  from  the  Consolidated  Fund  (these  being  at  the 
rate  of  10s.  for  every  £1  of  bequests,  but  in  no  case  ex- 
ceeding £500  in  respect  of  any  one  bequest ;  £1  4s.  for 
every  £1  of  voluntary  contributions  ;  and  £1  for  every  £1 
received  from  any  local  authority). 

The  contributory  local  authorities  (being  the  County  and  Borough 
Councils,  and  Boards  of  road  and  town  districts  where  the  Counties 
Act  is  not  in  force)  are  empowered  by  the  Act  to  raise  by  special 
rates  the  amounts  assessed  by  the  Hospital  District  Boards  as 
their  proportionate  contributions  to  the  Hospital  and  Charitable 
Aid  Fund. 

The  District  Boards  undertake  the  general  management  and 
control  of  those  hospitals  that  are  not  incorporated  in  terms  of 
the  Act,  and  are  required  to  contribute  to  the  support  of  the  in- 
corporated hospitals.  To  be  incorporated  a  hospital  must  have 
as  many  as  100  subscribers  contributing  not  less  than  £100  annu- 
ally by  amounts  of  not  less  than  5s.,  and  must  have  been  declared 
by  the  Governor  in  Council,  after  receipt  by  him  of  a  duly  signed 
petition,  to  be  a  body  politic  and  corporate,  under  the  government 
of  trustees. 

There  are  47  hospitals  in  the  colony,  of  which  25  are  incor- 
porated institutions,  while  22  are  directly  managed  and  controlled  by 
District  Boards.  In  1905  these  hospitals  afforded  accommodation 
for  1,268  male  and  780  female  patients,  a  total  of  2,048.  The  number 
of  cubic  feet  of  space  included  witliin  the  walls  of  all  the  sleeping- 
wards  was  2,799,235,  which  gave  an  average  of  1,367  cubic  feet 
to  each  bed.  9,744  males  and  4,833  females  were  admitted  as 
patients  during  the  year  1905,  and  925  male  and  358  female 
patients  were  inmates  at  the  end  of  the  year.  The  total  number 
of  indoor  patients  during  the  year  was  15,837 — viz.,  10,624  males 
and  5,213  females. 

Outdoor  relief  was  also  given  to  a  very  large  number  of  persons ; 
but,  as  in  some  of  the  hospitals  no  records  are  kept  of  the  outdoor 
patients,  it  is  impossible  to  state  the  number  of  distinct  persons  who 
received  such  relief. 

The  total  revenues  of  the  various  hospitals  as  at  five  dififerent 
annual  periods  were  :  — 


Voluntary    contributions  and   be- 

quo!it8 
Payments  by  patients     . . 
From  Government 
From    Hospital  Boards  and  local 

authorities 
Rents  and  other  sources 

Totals.. 


1900-1.        1901-2. 


1902^. 


100:^4. 


1901-& 


£ 
7,330 

15,998 
47,074 
86,812 


£        \         £  '        £         \         £ 

11,154  !  11,539  I  14.260     20,052 

18,083     19,613  I  21,185     21.798 

54,387  ;  55,881  i  59,099  I  59.947 

40,638  '  44,013  I  43,960  '  50,323 


6,908       7,588       8,222  !  17,149      16,342 


\Vi4.1^'2   \^V,%5Q  \^^,ae.a  aS5,653  'l68.462 


MENTAL   A8YLUM6.  263 

Benevolent  Asylums  and  Ckaritahle  Institutions. 
The  Tarious  benevolent  asyluins  and  charitable  institutions  are 
placed  on  a  &iuular  footing  to  the  hospitals.  Most  of  the  Boards  of 
QOBpital  districts  are  aUo  CliarituUe  Aid  Boards  ;  but,  for  the 
parpose  of  distributing  charitable  aid  only,  sonie  of  the  hospital 
mstricts  have  been  united  into  larger  districts,  so  that,  although 
there  are  thirty-five  Boards  for  hospital  purposes,  there  are  only 
tvienty-four  for  charitable-aid  purposes. 

Returns  were  received  from  ei-^hteen  benevolent  asylums  (not 
induding  orphanages),  established  for  tiie  8U[)port  of  indigent 
perBons.  The  number  of  inmUes  in  these  institutions  at  tlie  end 
of  1905  was  1,237,  of  whom  726  were  males  and  511  females.  Out- 
door relief  was  given  by  one  of  these  institutions  to  1,752  persona 
(iacliiding  1,073  children), 

AucklaJid  Sailors'  Home, 

There  is  a  Sailors*  Home  at  Auckland  for  the  use  of  seafaring 
men  resident  in  or  visiting  the  town.  Ti»e  late  Edmund  Costley 
baring  left  a  large  sum  for  charitable  piirpost^s.  it  was  resolved  to 
employ  the  bequest  in  building  and  endowing  an  institution  where 
sailors  might  be  received  witliout  distinction  of  race  or  religious 
belief,  and  board,  lodging,  and  refreshments  provided  for  them, 
together  with  such  instruction  and  amusements  as  might  tend  to 
promote  their  social  comfort  and  general  welfare. 

The  Home,  built  in  1B87,  has  room  for  ihirty^iive  inmatefi» 
who  are  charged  15s.  a  week  for  board  and  lodging.  It  is  managed 
by  a  council  of  eight  members  elected  by  the  subscribers  to  the 
institution.  The  laie  Primate  of  New  Zealand,  who  first  originated 
the  scheme,  was  Life  President. 

Orphan  Asylums. 

There  were  in  1905  four  orphan  asylums  in  the  colony,  one  main< 
tftined  by  a  District  Hospital  Board,  one  by  the  Clmrcli  of  Ejigland 
authorities,  and  two  by  clergy  of  the  Horn  an  Catliolic  Cliurch  ;  tliree 
of  them  receiving,  at  the  charge  of  the  State,  orphan,  destitute,  and 
other  children  committed  to  them  by  a  Stipendiary  Magistrate. 

Exclusive  of  the  children  so  coiamitted,  29  male  and  27  female 
orphans  were  received  during  the  year  100-5,  and  67  male  and  94 
female  orphans  remained  as  inmates  at  iha  end  of  the  year, 

Orphanages  receiving  committed  children  are,  for  that  purpose, 
constituted  "  industrial  schools/* 

Mental  Hospitals, 

There  are  seven  public  mental  hospitals  in  the  colony,  maintained 
wholly  or  in  part  out  of  the  public  revenue.  There  is  also  one 
private  hospital,  licensed  by  the  Governor  for  the  reception  of 
the  mentally  atflicied. 

The  amount  of  sleepingaccornmolation  provided  in  each  of  the 
public  mental  hospitals  is  shown  in  tabular  form,  giving  separately 


254 


NBW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TSAB-BOOX. 


the  number  and  cubic  contents  of  the  sleeping-rooms  intended  for 
one  person  only,  and  of  the  dormitories  occupied  by  severed  inmates 
conjointly,  together  with  the  number  of  patients  actually  in  the 
hospitals  on  the  31st  December,  1905 : — 


ISKeping-roomsfor  One  Person  only. 

Person. 

1 

i    g  'of  Cubic  Feet. 

Id  mates 

(I'atieuto) 

on 

31st  December. 

1905. 

i 

a 

Number 
of  Cubic  Feet. 

Inmates 

(Patients) 

on 

3JstDecembei. 

1905. 

130 

116,704 

130 

67  ' 

60,380 

67 

70 

65,466 

70 

33  , 

27.863 

33 

38 

29,269 

38 

81 

69,651 

81 

189  ! 

152,215 

189 

G08 

521,548 

608 

84 

358,149 

50S 

16 

100,173 

171 

18 

355,528 

538 

14  : 

65,111 

109 

9, 

95,987 

188 

37  1 

254,600 

460 

62 

827,883 

538 

lyo  ; 

1 

1,557,631 

3,451 

Auckland 

WelliDgton 

Porirua 

Nelson 

Hokitika 

Ghristchurcli 

Seaclift 

Totals 


At  Ashburn  Hall,  Waikari,  there  are  seventy-eight  rooms, 
each  for  one  person  only,  with  an  aggregate  cubic  content  of 
77,461  ft.  The  number  of  patients  on  the  dlst  December,  1905, 
was  53. 

At  the  end  of  1905,  1,810  male  and  1,249  female  patients  (in- 
cluding 55  out  on  trial)  were  under  the  care  of  the  mental  hospital 
officers  of  tlie  colony.  Of  these,  1,715  males  and  1,149  females 
were  regarded  as  incurable,  34  males  and  21  females  were  out  on 
trial,  and  61  males  and  79  females  were  supposed  to  be  curable. 
209  male  and  158  female  patients  were  discharged  during  the  year. 

The  following  shows  the  proportion  of  the  mentally  afflicted — 
or,  rather,  of  inmates  of  mental  hospitals  and  those  out  on  trial — 
to  the  population  (exclusive  in  each  case  of  Maoris)  at  the  end  of 
the  years  stated  : — 


1884, 

1  patient 

to  every 

393  of 

population 

1886, 

, 

„ 

370 

1888, 

^ 

^ 

365 

1890, 

. 

348 

1892, 

^ 

339 

1894. 

,. 

^ 

316 

1896, 

308 

1898, 

300 

1899. 

., 

296 

1901, 

286 

1903, 

^ 

284 

1905. 

„ 

„ 

286 

It  must  not  be  overlooked  that  the  proportions  are  increased  by 
the  admission  into  tlie  hospitals  of  inebriates,  idiots,  and  others  who 
should  not  properly  be  there. 


SECTION    VII.— IMPORTS  ;    CUSTOMS    AND    EXCISE 
REVENUE. 

Imports. 

The  quantities  and  values  of  imports  used  in  making  up  the  %ures 
given  in  this  portion  of  the  statistical  information  are  obtained 
from  Customs  entries,  verified  where  necessary,  as  with  goods  subject 
toan  o^  valorem  duty,  by  examination.  In  estimating  the  value  of 
imports,  ad  valorem  goods  are  taken  at  their  invoice  value  increased 
by  10  per  cent.,  and  include  the  value  of  case,  cask,  or  covering 
(sec.  39,  **  Customs  Laws  Consolidation  Act,  1882  ").  Value  of  all 
other  goods  includes  freight  and  charges  to  time  of  arrival  at  port 
of  discharge.  Goods  transhipped  at  a  foreign  port  are  regarded 
as  imported  from  the  country  where  they  were  originally  shipped. 
The  countries  named,  however,  may  not  be  those  of  origin,  as  no 
attempt  is  made  to  trace  the  goods  beyond  the  ports  disclosed  by 
the  documents  presented  to  the  Customs.  Very  little  cargo  in 
transitu  passes  through  New  Zealand. 

The  total  declared  values  of  the  imports  in  1905  amounted  to 
£12,828,857,  being  a  decrease  on  the  corresponding  total  in  1904  of 
£462,837.  These  figures,  however,  include  specie.  The  value  of 
coin  brought  into  the  colony  in  1905  was  £347,679,  against  £391,664 
in  the  previous  year,  and  if  these  amounts  are  excluded  the  de- 
crease on  the  values  of  all  other  articles  will  be  £418,852. 

The  value  of  imports  for  the  year  1890,  and  for  each  of  the  ten 
latest  years  was : — 

Imports,  Imports. 

inclusive  of  exclusive  of 

Specie.  Specie. 

£  £ 


Year. 


1890  . 

1896  . 

1897  . 

1898  . 

1899  . 

1900  . 

1901  . 

1902  . 

1903  . 

1904  . 

1905  . 


6,260,525 

7.137,320 

8,055,223 

8,230,600 

8,739,633 

10,646,096 

11,817,915 

11,326,723 

12,788,675 

13,291,694 

12.828,857 


5,928,895 

7,035,379 

7,994,201 

8,211,409 

8,613,656 

10, 207,. 326 

11,353,416 

10,958,038 

12,075,959 

12,900,030 

12,481,178 


In  1901  the  Government  imported  railway  plant  valued  at  half 
a  million  sterling,  against  far  smaller  quantities  introduced  n  the 
subsequent  years. 


256  NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 

It  is  found  that  the  value  of  imports,  exclusive  of  specie,  only 
rose  from  £5,928,895  in  1890  to  £6,115,953  in  1895,  after  which 
there  ensued  a  steady  advance  year  by  year  to  £11,353,416  m 
1901.  For  J  905  the  amount  was  £12,481,178.  This  is  less  than 
that  for  1904.  The  movement  for  1896-1905  shows  that  the  total 
imports  have  increased  by  nearly  80  per  cent,  in  value  during  that 
period.  In  quantities  of  various  imports  the  increases  vary,  and 
full  particulars  of  every  kind  of  article  imported  in  1905  are  to  he 
found  in  detail  further  on,  which  may  be  critically  examined  with 
those  in  similar  tables  given  in  the  previous  issues  of  this  book. 

The  degree  of  expenditure  of  loan-moneys  raised  abroad  by  the 
general  and  local  Governments  somewhat  affects  the  question  when 
considering  the  rise  of  imports.  And,  when  consulting  the  ngures  re- 
lating to  expenditure  out  of  loan  accounts,  the  matter  of  aids  from 
the  Consolidated  Fund  (which  are  included)  presents  itself,  besides 
other  features  in  connection  with  this  subject. 

The  expansion  of  imports  is  still  further  to  be  considered  in  con- 
nection with  the  condition  of  the  manufactures  of  the  colony,  for  an 
increase  of  imports  arising  from  a  decline  of  internal  manufactures 
would  scarcely  be  regarded  as  a  satisfactory  position.  But  there 
has  been  great  development  of  the  manufactures  of  New  Zealand 
since  1895,  not  only  in  the  great  primary  industries,  but  throughout. 

It  is  desirable  to  consider  not  only  the  total  value  of  the  import 
trade  for  different  years  by  comparing  figures,  but  to  ascertain  the 
rates  per  capita  of  population,  to  judge  whether  the  imports  are 
relatively  greater  or  less  than  they  have  been.  The  fairest  com- 
parisons are  from  calculations  made  after  deducting  specie  imported, 
for  in  the  year  1894,  as  an  instance,  no  less  than  £797,843  was 
brought  to  the  colony  in  coin,  and  in  1903  £712,716.  The  amount 
last  year  (190o)  was  £347,679.  The  figures  for  1890  and  each  year 
from  1896  onwards  stand  thus  : — 

Imports  per  Head  of  mean  Population, 
excluding  Maoris. 
Years.  Including  Excluding 

Specie.  Specie. 

£     B.    d.  £    B.    d. 

1890     ..  ..     10    0     2  9  11     0 

189G  . 

1897  . 

1898  . . 

1899  .. 

1900  . 

1901  . 

1902  .. 
1903 
1904  .. 
19O.0  .. 

Using  the  figures  exclusive  of  the  specie,  comparisons  for  years 
since  1896  show  that  imports  increased  annually  with  almost  un- 


10  1  11 

9  19 

1 

11  3  3 

11  1 

7 

U  3  7 

11  3 

1 

11  13  1 

11  9 

8 

13  18  10 

13  7 

4 

15  3  10 

14  11 

11 

14  3  11 

13  14 

8 

15  11  10 

14  14 

5 

15  14  7 

15  5 

4 

14  14  11 

14  6 

11 

IMPORTS. 

RISE  m  VALUE  OF  IMPORTS  INTO  NEW  ZEALAND, 
1895.  1900,  and  1905. 


12,119^15* 

' 

.ffl.516,240/ 

Bntuh  PtMooou 
£3.9U.35a 

12.625372. 

fomgn  Stales 

17.795.28i 

mim- 

Uiiibed  Eiogdoni 
16.504.484 

BHIiBb  PocmnoM 

Dnitcd  KiDgdom 

Tttr.  1895. 

189* 

1900 

•  iReliK'td  ii 

&!«$  iKf  Arofri 

£\W)Wn 
41431501 

110.646,0%. 
7«u-.  1900 

\  r«r«if  D  3UUI  ift  im 

Oi*rm4T 
JHEOS- 

112.82^.857. 
I»r.  1906. 

1 

^M/^I^ 


1MP0BT8. 


267 


broken  reguiarity  until  1905,  the  rise  being  at  the  rate  of  £6  Ss.  8d. 
per  bead.  For  the  last  year  (1906)  there  was  considerable  decline 
in  tbe  rate,  making  the  increase  between  1896  and  i905  only 
£4  7s.  lOd.  per  head.  The  figures  for  the  years  1890  and  1895 
exhibit  a  decrease  per  head  of  population. 

A  table  is  given  further  on  showing,  for  five  years,  the  principal 
articles  imported,  arranged  in  groups  according  to  their  nature. 


Impobts  from  Diffebent  Countries. 

The  imports  from  the  United  Kingdom  to  New  Zealand  in  1905 
were  valued  at  £7,795,284,  a  decrease  of  £187,056  on  the  value 
of  goods  imported  from  the  Home-country  during  the  previous  year. 
From  British  colonies  and  possessions  the  imports  were  £2,912,379, 
a  decrease  of  £134,975  on  the  amount  in  1904. 

Figures  for  ten  years  are  given,  showing  that  imports  from 
British  possessions  increased  by  79  per  cent.,  whereas  those 
from  foreign  States  advanced  at  the  far  higher  rate  of  167  per  cent., 
mainly  in  consequence  of  the  development  of  inwards  trade  with  the 
United  States  oi  America,  about  which  full  particulars  will  be  found 
further  on : — 

Imports  from 


United  Kingdom. 
£ 
..     3,714,476 

British  Colonies 
and  Possessions. 

Foreign  States. 

£ 

1896     .. 

1,628,661 

794,188 

1897     . . 

..     6,392.738 

1,662,985 

999,500 

1898     .. 

..     5,148,833 

1,927,817 

1,153,950 

1899     .. 

..     6,526,645 

2,036.797 

1,176,191 

1900     . . 

..     6,604,484 

2,625,372 

1,516,240 

1901     . . 

..     6.885,831 

2,913,866 

2,018,218 

1902     . . 

..     6,851,462 

2,583,005 

1,892,266 

1903     . . 

..     7,512,668 

3,135,474 

2,140,533 

1904     .. 

..     7,982.340 

3,047,354 

2,262,000 

1905     .. 

..     7,795,284 

2,912,379 

2,121,194 

The  following  are  the  values  of  imports  from  dififerent  countries 
or  places  in  1905  and  1904,  given  in  the  order  of  the  increase  or 
decrease  from  each : — 


Coantry,  Colony,  State,  ftc. 

1905. 
£ 

1004. 
£ 

Increase. 
£ 

Victoria 

652,901 

603,005 

49,896 

Tasmania 

58,503 

37,166 

21,397 

Bengal  .. 

294,333 

275,349 

18,984 

France  . . 

67,689 

55,110 

12,579 

Friendly  Islands 

24,958 

17,503 

7,455 

Ce>lon  .. 

179,809 

172,759 

7,050 

Java 

9,177 

4,621 

4,o56 

Aastria  . . 

7,676 

4,468 

3,208 

Society  Islands   .. 

9,294 

6,217 

3.077 

Greece  .. 

17,019 

14,076 

2,943 

Switzerland 

7,026 

4,091 

2,935 

Maiden  Island    .. 

9,654 

6,862 

2,792 

9-Ybk. 


^8 


NBW    UALAMD   OFHOIAL    TBAR-BOOX. 


Ck>uiitry.  Colony,  Stale, 

Ac.                         ^f^ 

1901. 

InoreMa 

Norway 

5,566 

2,974 

2,592 

Turkey  . . 

1,918 

486 

1,477 

lUly 

80,889 

19,006 

1,888 

Surprise  Island  . . 

6,990 

5,678 

1,247 

Denmark 

8,805 

2,647 

1,158 

Asia  Minor 

17,649 

16,618 

986 

West  Indies  (British) 

408 

270 

188 

Brazil 

103 

, , 

103 

New  Caledonia    .. 

.    •         ..                  76 

, , 

75 

Canary  Islands    .. 

284 

172 

62 

Bombay 

898 

837 

61 

Arabia 

39 

, , 

89 

New  Hebrides     . . 

59 

20 

39 

Persia 

33 

33 

Natal 

58 

41 

17 

Orange  River  Colony 

14 

11 

3 

Chili 

2 

•• 

2 

Country,  Colony.  State 

.Ac.                      «y- 

1904. 

Decrease. 

£ 

United  Kingdom 

..     7,795,284 

7,982,840 

187,056 

New  South  Wales 

..     1,047,757 

1,176,817 

129,060 

United  States  of  America 

..     1,488,501 

1,527,916 

89,414 

Fiji 

456,629 

516,539 

59,910 

Belgium 

78,151 

120,066 

41,915 

Germany 

277,467 

808,804 

81,837 

Western  Australia 

17.898 

32,606 

14.708 

Canada 

74,085 

88,644 

14,569 

Holland 

18,421 

29,388 

10,967 

Sweden 

10,438 

16,954 

6.616 

Japan    . . 

79,260 

84,629 

6.369 

Burmah 

8,445 

13,733 

5,288 

South  Australia  . . 

35,760 

39,917 

4.167 

British  Columbia 

22,034 

24,841 

2,807 

Philippine  Islands 

7,284 

9.823 

2,639 

Hongkong 

14,684 

16.736 

2,052 

Singapore 

35,128 

36,732 

1,604 

Portugal 

1,763 

2,540 

777 

Queensland 

2,838 

3,525 

687 

West  Indies 

886 

1,461 

676 

Spain     .. 

1,618 

1,903 

286 

Ellice  Island 

. 

228 

228 

Cape  Colony 

394 

689 

196 

Norfolk  Island     .. 

78 

211 

133 

Sandwich  Islands 

36 

112 

76 

Sumatra 

. 

76 

76 

Transvaal  Colony 

98 

160 

67 

Egypt 

821 

875 

54 

China    .. 

4,406 

4,440 

84 

Aden      .. 

. . 

32 

82 

Malta 

• . 

27 

27 

Gibraltar 

. . 

22 

23 

Navigators  Islands 

134 

148 

14 

Russia  .. 

4 

8 

4 

Argentine  Republic 

. . 

3 

3 

Rhodesia 

. 

3 

8 

Madras 

418 

420 

2 

DffPOBTS. 


259 


Imposts,  Nobth  and  Middlb  Islands. 

Separating  the  value  of  the  imports  for  the  North  Island  from 
that  of  the  Middle  Island,  it  is  found  that  while  in  1895  the 
former  received  imported  goods  to  the  value  of  £3,513,960,  against 
£2,859,231  for  the  Middle  Island,  in  the  year  1905  the  North  Island 
imports  exceeded  those  of  the  other  to  a  far  greater  extent,  the 
Tallies  being  respectively  £7,635,679  and  £5,004,635,  or  an  excess 
for  the  North  Island  of  £2,631,044,  or  52*57  per  cent. 

Imports,  by  Pbovincial  Districts. 


The  values  of  imports  in 

each 

provincial  district 

during  1895  and 

1906  were  as  under : — 

1806. 

1900. 

£ 

£ 

Aaokland 

1,620,697 

3,238.604 

Taranaki 

49,326 

107,309 

Hawke'8  Bay 

184,476 

276,760 

Wellington 

1,669,463 

4,014,116 

Marlboroagh 

10,644 

28,743 

NelBon     .. 

128,088 

161,667 

Westland 

89,106 

77,706 

Canterbtuy 

1,130,776 

2,322,841 

Otago      :. 

1,650,719 

2,413,678 

The  value  of  imports  hy  parcel-post  (£26,938  in  1895  and 
£188,543  in  1905)  must  be  aydded  to  the  above  figures  in  order  to 
make  up  the  totals  (including  specie)  of  £6,400,129  and  £12,828,857 
for  the  respective  years. 

Imports,  by  Ports. 


The  following  table 

gives  the  value  of  the 

imports  for  each  port 

in  New  Zealand  for  years  1905,  1900,  1895,  1890,  arranged 

in  order 

of  magnitude 

for  1905 

— 

1906. 

1900. 

ij'gs. 

1890. 

M 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Wellington 

)  • 

3,8b7,729 

2,767,066 

1,680,802 

1,233,184 

Aoekland 

, 

, 

3,166,470 

2,617,329 

1,692,658 

1,385.969 

LTttelton    and 

Chris 

t- 

ohuroh 

2,096,617 

1,770,709 

1,066.719 

1,174,370 

Dimedio 

2,016,840 

2,158.177 

1,343,779 

1,662,629 

IiiTarcargiU  and  Bluff 

328.976 

288,170 

178,141 

120,050 

Nipier 

276,760 

209,418 

184,475 

162.097 

TiiDAra 

227,224 

143,090 

75,056 

95.202 

WftDganui 

176,887 

145.267 

78,661 

49,637 

NeUon 

132,661 

140,514 

116.769 

141,980 

Hew  Plymontb 

86,343 

67,338 

37,486 

12,971 

Poverty  Bay 

76,254 

49,278 

23,170 

17,731 

(kmanx 

68,362 

47,659 

28,799 

54,075 

Oreymonth     . . 

65,246 

59,460 

28,661 

79,877 

Wetiport 

29,106 

37,750 

11,319 

9,442 

Wairan 

22,690 

15,942 

9,638 

18,964 

Patea 

20,966 

15,661 

11,839 

11,604 

Hokiiika 

12,461 

12,693 

10,444 

13,549 

Picton 

6,163 

1.591 

906 

683 

Kaipara 

4,639 

7,883 

1,634 

1,294 

TftQiaDga 

1,141 

3,639 

3,435 

1.493 

260 


mw    EIALAND    OFFIOIAL    TIAR-BOOE. 


Articles  impobtbd. 

By  means  of  the  accompanying  table,  in  which  the  articles 
imported  are  arranged  in  groups  according  to  their  nature,  the 
increases  in  value  can  be  traced  to  their  specific  heads  : — 

Imports  for  Five  Yeabs. 

1002. 


Group  of  Principal  Articles 
iiuiK>rt«d. 


Apparel  and  slops 

Boots  and  shoes 

Ootioii  piece-goods 

Drapery 

Ilabordanbery 

Hats  and  caps 

HoHiory 

IjiniM)  manufactures 

Iblillinery 

Silks 

Woollens 

Totals.. 


Agricultural  implementK 

Cutlery 

Hardware  and  iron- 
mongery    . . 

Kails  and  railway  bolts, 
&c. 

Iron  and  steel,  other, 
pig,    wrought,    wire. 

Machinery     . . 
Kails 

Railway  plant 
Sewing-machinos 
Tools,  artificers' 

Totals 


1901. 


£     ; 

463,194! 

211,2I5> 

470,568 

448,863 

110,746 

70,013 

101,481 

89,915 

43,380 

121,937 

348,066 


2,474,978 


10,744 
27,149 

315,239 

148,344 


682. 906. 

6(X).0l9- 
40,034' 

514,511 
38,227 
84,523 


£ 

511,397 

202,931 

498,485 

449,503 

102,569 

75,222 

115,071 

71,170 

45,701 

139,522 

393,033 


2,604,604 


11,518 
29,993 


1903. 


£ 

582,997 

245,689 

556,564 

611,717 

118,049 

77,853 

125,618 

94,794 

60,503 

128,223 

436,161 


1904. 


£ 

603,894! 

256,165! 

550,775: 

601,888 

112,816 

87,984 

143,940 

88,693 

67,567 

140,154 

452,271 


1906. 


£ 

614,859 

283,311 

518,854 

483,681 

116,276 

83,117 

144,370 

81,587 

62,706 

119,727 

438,480 


2,938,118  3,006,147   2,945,868 


9,001 
27,160 


334,965       355,562 
85,1631       131,592 


8,857 
37,797 

341,442 


9,091 
38,595 

314,148 


140,929.       120,064 


I 


815,260.' 

561.649 

4J,114j 

122,. 303! 

37,005' 

88,273 


795,758: 

642,075 

39,440 

122,164 

51,095 

98,076' 


849,929; 
797,618, 

40,7031 
183,9981 

45,749' 
110,8471 


826,167 

671.080 

44,981 

79,966 

33,741 

115,741 


2,461,69t;   2,130,243'  2,271,9231  2,557,869|  2,253,574 


Sugar 
Tea 


Totals.. 


Boer 

8pirit«» 
Tobacco 
Wine 


4J^,93(i' 
219,089! 


709,02.'> 


34,94<« 
243,824! 
221,8Sl« 

63,837 


-I- 


402,138 
197,127" 


43,627 
235,36'.) 
212, (>d4 

60,350 


441,843 
204,236' 


504,820 
237,738! 


38,620 
246.263 
260,478 

57,560 


Totals..  564,499,       551,980       602,921 


*  IncludeB  methylated  and  perfumed  tpiriu  and  spirits  of  wine. 


424,534 
226,427 


599,265'      646,0791       742,5681      650,961 


36,796 
263,645 
255,257 

56,867 

39,935 
242.623 
281,639 

61,825 

612,565 

615,822 

IMPORTB. 


261 


Imports  fob  1 

P'lVIB  Ybabi 

i—continttid. 

3ro«xpof  Principal  Ariietea 
imported. 

igoi. 

'        1908. 

19m. 

1904. 

19015. 

£ 

M 

B 

£ 

£ 

pAper 

194,986 

181,486 

212,541 

234,982 

236,231 

Printed  books 

140,347 

149,194 

171,672 

194,240 

183,560 

Stetiooery     . . 

113,422 

112.676 

136,968 

152.224 

160.157 

Talala.. 

438.755 

443,956 

5^1,161 

581,446 

579,948 

Armt,  &rn munition,  find 

■-  . , 

201,663 

129,733 

138,146 

122,457 

122,650 

tnotor- 

cara,  ;inu  mOtOr-OjxleS 

16.598 

25,441 

48,913 

Amomobiles,  &o.,iDmte- 

naiafor      .. 

, . 

^ . 

1,159 

3,204 

3,590 

Eftgs  and  sacks 

214,987 

135,674 

109,040 

12:3,673 

138,868 

Bicycl-fi  i«id  tricycles 

64.057 

62,633 

71 ,032 

72.548 

70.42a 

Frtclei   ckud  irioycleft, 

fiuingi  for 

71,178 

81,544 

90,487 

97.667 

120,540 

V 

151,334 

125,732 

158,143 

138,093 

155.786 

chemicals,  And 

^'i.-.p.gi4U'  wares 

212.430 

240,341 

261,861 

288.502 

265,411 

Fsncv  good  a  . ,              « , 

145,356 

148»072 

177,227 

149,529 

151,972 

preserved,        bottled, 
Sried) 

248.985 

175,866 

283,382 

213,966 

217,841 

OlMssod  gl&sflware   .. 

133,434 

138,908 

145,059 

158,586 

138,857 

Humre  i 

134,186 

154,964 

120.711 

147,995 

173.784 

Musical  iDiiraiueiitB  . . 

116,396 

110.663 

113.849 

127,277 

123,795 

Oili 

238,3% 

251,415 

248.859 

278,414 

255,198 

T-mb  r 

179,152 

146,561 

163,497 

161,236 

133,276 

Other  imports  (exolad 

ing  specie) , . 

2.602.894 

2.736,484 

8,046,634 

3,290.877 

3.260,146 

Total  imports  (ox- 

cladinff  specie) 
Specie  iioport«d 

11,853,416 

10,958,038 

12,075,959 

12,900,030 

12,481,178 

464,499 

363,685 

712,716 

391,664 

347,679 

ToM  imports     * . 

11,817,915 

11,326.723 

I2,78a»675 

13,291,694 

12,828,867 

01  £12,481,178,  the  total  value  of  ^oods  importeti  during  1905, 
the  chief  items  were  as  under  : — 

Articles. 

Clothing,  drapery.  Ac. 

Metal,  maobinery,  and  Implements, 

Tea  and  sugar 

Wine,  beer,  spirits,  and  tobacco 

Puper,  books  <knd  stationery 

Other  imports 


Value. 

2.945,868 

2,263,674 

660.961 

615.822 

679,948 

5,435,005 


Proporttoo 

per  Cent 

2360 

1806 

621 

4-93 

4  65 

43  55 


£12,481,178  10000 

The  declared  value  of  the  clothing,  drapery,  Sec,  imported  de- 
creftsed  from  £3,006.147  in  1904  to  £2.94o,S6B  in  1905.  In  1901  fche 
?alue  of  these  imports  was  £2,474,978.  The  iron,  macliinery,  and 
implements  imported  in  1905  were  valued  at  £2,253.574,  a  decrease 
of  £20^422  on   the  corresponding  figures   for   1901   (£2,461,696). 


NBW    EBALAm»   OFPICUt    TBAR-BOOE. 

The  value  of  sugar  and  tea  ttnported  in  1905  shows  a  decrease* 
when  compared  with  1904.  of  £91,597.  Beer,  wine,  spirits,  and 
tobacco  show  an  increase  of  £3,267— from  £612,555  in  1904  lo 
£615.822  in  1905, 

To  the  total  value  of  **  Other  imports  (excluding  specie)/*  in  1905 
(£3,319»522),  shown  in  the  table  above,  patent  medicines  contributed 
a  sum  of  £51,853;  earthenware,  £67,074;  floorcloth  and  oilcloth, 
£87,765;  furniture  and  upholstery,  £67,281;  cement,  £69.995; 
leather  and  leather  manufactures.  £105,443  ;  and  seeds,  £90,005, 

Amongst  the  articles  imported  belonging  to  this  group  are 
automobiles,  motor  cars,  and  motor  cycles  to  the  number  of  357. 
valued  at  £48,913,  of  which  208  came  from  the  United  Kingdom » 
48  from  France,  and  59  from  the  United  States  of  America. 

Materials  for  the  above  vehicles  to  the  value  of  £3,590  were 
also  introduced,  mostly  from  England,  America,  and  Germany. 

Goods  imported  by  means  of  the  "parcels-post"  system  during 
1905  were  valued  at  £188,543. 

Goods  received  from  the  Cook  and  other  annexed  Islands  are 
now  treated  as  New  Zealand  produce,  and  not  as  imports.  The 
total  in  1905  was  valued  at  £44,179,  and  the  principal  articles  of 
produce  a>s  follows :  Limejuice,  £274 ;  raw  coffee,  £254 ;  copra, 
£5,183;  fruit,  £33,319;  cocoanuts.  £218 ;  hats,  £4,263. 

VAiiUB  OP  Free  and  Dutiable  Imports. 

The  values  of  the  imports  into  New  Zealand  during  the  years 
1904  and  1905  are  given  in  the  next  table,  classified  according  to 
the  duties  to  which  they  were  hable,  and  arranged  so  as  to  show 
the  declared  value  of  goods  on  which  specific  or  ad  valorem  duties 
at  various  rates  are  payable,  and  of  those  admitted  free  of  duty : — 


Dnti9i  to  whicti  ImporU  liftbl«. 


bl*.. 

Vftln«  of  Import!,  1004. 

ViUne  of  Import*,  lOOS. 

J 

2.562,839 

J 

2.375.78T 

208,516 

152,655  I 

^ 

4.001 

6,944 

■ 

283,348 

994,816 

■ 

231,529 

213,140 

■ 

2,788.980 

2,661,071 

■ 

213,448 

214,861 

■ 

1,807,001 

1,298,087 

■ 

361,557 

334.347 

■ 

47,893 

71,497 

■ 

22, 3U 

25,394 

■ 

8B8 

1,112 

■ 

4,169 

5,868,644 

165,989 

710 

6.274,534 
188,543 

., 

.^ 

Die) 

4,802.606 

4,642,064 

- 

:: 

391,664 

347,679 

«. 

13,291,694 

12,628.857 

Specific  duties 
Ad  wtlorsm  dutids — 
5  per  GOD t. 
TJparoetit.     ,. 

10  per  cent 

15  per  cent. 

20  per  cent. 

22^  p«r  cent.     < . 

25  per  ceni« 

30  per  cent. 

33J  per  cent.     . . 

87^  per  cent.     . . 

40  per  cent. 

Various 

Faroe] B- post  (varioui) 
Duty-free  (excluding  specie) 
Specie  Imported . . 

TotftlB 


SUQAR. 


263 


The  proportioDB  of  free  and  dutiable  goods  imported  during 
1899,  1902,  1904,  and  1905  are  compared  with  similar  figures  for 
1894,  the  year  preceding  that  in  which  the  altered  tariff  came  into 
force: — 


:8M. 

1 
1899.                1002.        i         1004. 

1905. 

Free 
Dakiable 

£ 

1,871,772 
4,118,405 

£ 
2,942,999 
5,670,657 

£                    £ 
4,072,984'  4,802,608 
6,885,0541  8,097,422 

£ 

4.642,064 
7,839,114 

Imports  (l6B8  specie) 

6,990,177 

8,618,656 

10,958,038;  12,900,030 

12,481,178 

Total  net  duty  received* 

1,572,467 

£ 
2,046,452 

£ 
2,289,783 

£ 
2,655,166 

£ 
2,656,134 

Datj,  per  cent,  of  imports-^ 
(a.)  On  dutiable  imports 
(6.)  On  all  merchandise 

Per  Cent. 
88-18 
26-25 

Per  Cent. 
3609 
2376 

Per  Cent. 
33-26 
20  90 

Per  Cent. 
32-79 
20-58 

Per  Cent. 
33-88 
21-20 

'  Inclading  excise  daties  levied  on  certain  imports  manufactured  in  bond. 


SUGAK. 

The  value  of  sugar  (including  glucose,  molasses,  and  treacle) 
imported  in  1905  was  £424,534,  a  decrease  of  £80,286  on  the  amount 
for  1904  (£504,820).  The  value  of  this  import  for  the  last  three 
years  has  averaged  only  £457,066  per  annum ;  but  for  the  three 
years,  1882,  1883,  and  1884,  the  average,  with  a  much  smaller 
population,  was  £615,207  for  each  year.  The  smaller  average 
amount  for  the  last  three  years  is  due  not  so  much  to  a  reduction 
in  the  quantity  imported  as  to  the  fall  in  the  price  of  sugar,  and 
partly  to  the  fact  that  the  proportion  of  refined  to  raw  sugar  has 
vastly  decreased. 

The  following  figures,  giving  the  average  consumption  per  head  of 
sugar  in  Australasia,  are,  saving  those  for  New  Zealand — and  ex- 
cluding a  proportion  (301b.  per  head)  deducted  on  account  of  Maoris 
—taken  from  "  The  Official  Year-book  of  New  South  Wales,  1904-5." 
The  figures  stating  the  consumption  of  tea,  wine,  beer,  spirits,  and 
tobacco,  given  further  on,  are  also  taken  from  the  same  source  : — 


Annual  Consumption 

OP  SuGAB  PER  Head  in  Australasia. 

Lb. 

Lb. 

Qaeensland  .. 

1230 

New  Zealand 

101-3 

New  South  Wales 
Western  Australia 

109-2 
107-6 

Victoria 

100-7 

South  Australia 

101-8 

Tasmania 

\Q^iA 

264 


NEW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TIAR-BOOE. 


Tea. 

The  quantity  of  tea  imported  in  1905  was  5,906,653  lb. 
Supposing  Maoris  to  use,  on  an  average,  lib.  per  head  per  annum, 
the  consumption  of  tea  per  hea^  of  the  population,  exclusive  of 
Maoris,  would  be  67  lb.  in  1905. 

AvERAQB  Annual  Consumption  of  Tea  pbb  Hkad  at  Australasia. 

Lb. 
..  6-9 
..  67 
..     6-2 


Lb. 

Western  Australia 

..     96 

Victoria 

South  Australia 

..     8-2 

New  Zealand 

New  South  Wales 

..     7-2 

Queensland 

..     70 

Beer,  Spirits,  and  Winb. 

During  1905  excise  duty  was  paid  on  7.796,160  gallons  of  beer; 
and  218,270  gallons  of  beer,  634,827  gallons  of  spirits,  and  113,189 
gallons  of  wine  were  entered  at  the  Customs  for  home  consump- 
tion. 

The  actual  quantity  of  beer  made  and  used  in  the  colony  has 
increased  from  5,382,960  gallons  in  1896  to  7,796,160  gaUons  in 
1905  :— 

Bfer  makcfactubed  in  New  Zealand  on  which  Bxcisk  Duty  was  paid. 


Qal. 

Gal. 

1896 

. .     5,382,960 

1901 

. .     7.134.800 

1897 

..     5,741,200 

1902 

. .     7.179.360 

1898 

..     6.013,120 

1903 

. .     7.666,200 

1899 

..     6,261,200 

1904 

..     7,786,480 

1900 

..     6,811,280 

1905 

. .     7,796.160 

The  following  table  gives  the  consumption  per  head  of  alcoholic 
liquors  by  the  people,  excluding  and  including  Maoris,  showing 
separately  the  proportions  of  beer,  wine,  and  spirits  in  1896,  and 
from  1898  to  1905.  To  the  amount  of  beer  manufactured  in  the 
colony  in  each  year  on  which  excise  duty  wa,s  paid  has  been 
added  the  amount  brought  into  consumption  from  imports : — 


B€ 

>er. 

Spirits. 

Wine. 

Year.                  j 

1 

Excluding 

Including 

Excluding 

Including 

Excluding  Including 

Maoris. 

Maoris. 

Maoris. 

Maoris. 

MaorU.      Maoris. 

Gal. 

Gal. 

Gal. 

Oa,. 

Gal.           Gal. 

1896 

. 

7  873 

7-453 

0  639 

0-605 

0-141         0133 

1898 

8-427 

7-995 

0-668 

0634 

0-146         0189 

1899 

8-583 

8150 

0  687 

0-653 

0148         0-141 

1900 

9-150 

8-696 

0-720 

0-684 

0-152         0-146 

1901 

.    1     9-413 

8-919 

0-766 

0  726 

0-159         0161 

1902 

9252 

8-777 

0-755 

0716 

0-158         0  150 

1903 

9-460 

8  987 

0-755 

0-718 

0149         0  142 

1904 

9-455 

8-996 

0-766 

0-729 

0-142         0-186 

1905 

9-212 

8-777     I 

0-730 

0-695 

0130         0124 

TOBACCO. 


265 


A  comparison  of  the  consumption  of  beer,  spirits,  and  wine  per 
head  in  Australasia  on  an  average  of  five  years  is  added  : — 


Beer. 

Bpirito. 

Wine. 

Beer 

Spirits. 

Wine. 

Qaeensland 

New  South  Wales 

Victoria 

South  Australia . . 

Oal. 
11-4 
10-6 
13-7 
8-90 

Oal. 
108 
0-89 
083 
045 

G&l. 
034 
0-78 
1-30 
3-31 

Western  Australia 
Tasmania 
New  Zealand  (in- 
cluding Maoris) 

Gal. 

24-90 
910 
8-71 

Gal. 
1-68 
0-62 
0-70 

Gal. 
098 
016 
015 

Besides  showing  the  quantity  of  alcoholic  liquor  consumed  during 
the  year,  it  seems  desirable  to  give  some  information  as  to  the  actual 
cost  to  the  colony  of  the  beer,  wine,  and  spirits  imported,  not  in- 
cluding duty,  which  is  merely  so-much  taxation  raised  by  means  of 
the  importer,  but  all  held  in  the  colony  and  used  by  the  Government 
for  the  benefit  of  the  people. 

In  the  year  1905  the  value  of  the  various  kinds  of  potable 
Bpints  imported  reached  the  sum  of  £231,893,  of  imported  beer  to 
£39,935,  and  wines  to  £51,825 ;  making  altogether  £323,653  paid 
to  merchants  abroad. 

If  to  the  above  total  be  added  £584,712,  the  estimated  value  of 
the  beer  manufactured  in  the  colony,  and  £8,000  the  estimited  value 
of  wine  made,  the  cost  for  the  introduction  and  manufacture  of 
alcoholic  beverages  comes  to  £916,365  for  the  year  1905,  against 
which  may  be  set  £5,765,  representing  the  value  of  the  small 
export  for  the  same  period. 

Tobacco. 
The  tobacco  entered  for  consumption  in  1905  was  2,327,809  lb., 
and  the  consumption  per  head  of   population,    including    Maoris, 
2-65  lb. 


ATsaiOB  Annual  OoNSUMFnoN  psb  Head  of  Tobacco  in  various  Oountbies. 

Lb., 

Lb. 

Holland 

..     6-92 

New  Zealand  . . 

.     2-65 

United  States 

. .     4-40 

Tasmania 

.     2-30 

Turkey 

..     4-37 

South  Australia 

.     214 

Western  Aostralia 

..     4-86 

Canada 

.     211 

Aastria-Hangary 

. .     3-77 

France 

.     205 

Denmark 

. .     3-70 

Victoria 

.     202 

Switserland 

. .     3-24 

Sweden 

.     1-87 

Belgium 

. .     316 

Spain 

.     1-70 

Oermany 

. .     800 

United  Kingdom 

.     1-41 

New  South  WaJei 

. .     2  69 

Italy                

.     1-34 

. .     2-65 

Bussia 

.     1-28 

266 


NSW    ZBALAND    OFFICIAL    TSAR-BOOK. 


Details  of  all  Abtiolbb  of  Impost. 

Details  of  all  imports  for  1905,  giving  quantities  and  values  of  articles 
introduced  into  the  colony,  with  the  amounts  entered  for  home  con- 
sumption, and  the  amount  of  duty  received,  are  next  shown : — 

General  Imports  into  the  Colont  of  New  Zealand  dubino  the  Ybab  1905. 
(For  rates  of  daty,  see  Tariff,  pp.  94  to  100.) 


Value  of 

Entered  for  Home 

Amoanlof 

ArtifllAA. 

Consumption  on 

Duty  receifti 

AXUOIOBi 

Imporled. 

Imports. 

Importation  and 
ex  Warehouse. 

inclodiiy 
PreferaBtlsL 

Aoid-- 

£ 

£      1.  d. 

Aoetic 

387,6781b. 

3,856 

458,0131b. 

3,862  11   7 

Carbolic 

38,803  . 

668 

, , 

, , 

Salioylio 

2,358  . 

163 

, , 

, , 

Sulphuric 

25,049  . 

237 

, , 

, , 

Tartaric 

100,667   . 

4,961 

93,419  lb. 

389  4  n 

Unenumerated 

79,055  . 

1,335 

, , 

Alkali- 

Potash  and  caustic  pot- 

ash 

722  cwt. 

1,156 

, , 

,, 

Soda  ash 

15,473     . 

5,795 

, , 

•  •           1 

Soda,  carbonate  and  bi- 

carbonate 

12,792     . 

5,128 

18,064  cwt. 

653    4   6 

Soda,  caustic   . . 

13,898     „ 

9,442 

1 

,, 

Soda  crystals  . . 

50     . 

19 

49  cwt. 

4    18  9 

Soda  Hilicate     . . 

5,812     . 

1,939 

, , 

, , 

Unenumerated 

2,505     . 

1,619 

, , 

., 

Alum      . . 

2,786     . 

1,009 

., 

,, 

Animals,  Living—                  , 

Bees  ..             ..             ..  ' 

15 

, , 

, , 

Birds  . . 

2,491  No. 

507 

•  • 

Cats    ..                            ..  , 

1     . 

3 

, , 

, , 

Cattle,  horned  . . 

28     . 

3,631 

28  No. 

14    0   0 

Deer  .. 

61     . 

555 

, , 

, , 

Dogs  .. 

162     . 

852 

•  • 

^ , 

Ferrets 

3     . 

1 

, , 

Frogs 

1 

, , 

, , 

Goats 

9  No. 

10 

, 

Horses 

205     , 

14,894 

197  No. 

197    0   0 

Ladybirds 

5 

, , 

, , 

Leeches 

8 

, , 

Monkeys 

'6  No. 

6 

.. 

.. 

Pigs    .. 

5     . 

100 

, , 

, , 

Poultry 

1,405      . 

2,241 

, , 

.. 

Raccoons 

5      . 

25 

, , 

Sheep 

201     . 

3,402 

., 

Squirrels 

2     . 

1 

.. 

, , 

Wallabies 

3     . 

2 

.. 

, , 

Apparel  and  slops  n.o.e.    . . 

613,747 

£613,149 

163,287    8   5 

Apparel  and  slops  made  to 
the  order  of  residents  in 

the  colony 

, , 

1,112 

£1,104 

441  12    0 

Arms,  ammunition,  and  ex- 

plosives- 

Accoutrements 

708 

, , 

, , 

Caps,  percussion 

7,657,270  No. 

850 

.. 

•  • 

OBNBKAL   IMPOKTB. 


267 


nunition,  and  ex- 

M  (shot),    10    to 

•e 

»•  D.o.e. 


Total  Qaantities 
Imported. 


Vftlae  of 

Total 
Importe. 


on  for  dynamite, 

te 

a 

jotexiT,  oordite,  and 
jr  explosives 
s«  stores 

blasting 

sporting 


cplosives 
lerated 


i  hams 

sacks — 

ks 

lerated 

nd  sacking 

re  and  wiokerware 

ner 

iatber  . . 

iher  than  leather 

,  non-alooholio^ 

and      mineral 
s 

»ence 
oe,  sweetened    . . 

unsweetened 
lerated 
nd  trioyoles 
Is  for 


fcnd  other  kinds, 
plain 


179,3571b. 
26  No. 

.,  printed 

shoes..  ..      122,55ddoB.pr. 

ober     soles  and  | 

for  same  . .  i 

9  8       ..  ..  i        4,565 doz.pr. 

ois       ..  ..  '       2,051      ,       / 


4,698,750  No. 
9,014,238    . 
92,200     • 
2     . 


102,0001b. 
9,788  No. 
153,449  ooils 

465,2301b. 

618,520  lb. 
30,215  « 
112  owt. 
60  No. 
60,0681b. 

24,985  owt. 

940  lb. 

486,082  doB. 
39,883  . 


2  owt. 
215,826  gaUs. 
33,248  lb. 


19,285  doB. 

2,469  galls. 
17,154    , 

12,172  No. 


89,1191b. 
61  owt. 


14,322 

6,248 

148 

4,305 

1,491 

5,354 

24,406 

3,980 

21,676 

13,974 

16,306 

2,405 

116 

131 

2,952 

3,278 

3,962 

47 

133,708 

5,160 

1,266 

4,616 

1 

39,935 

3,968 

24,088 


3,917 

9,641 

562 

2,223 

500 

70,428 

120,540 

3,905 

120 

15,104 

3,741 

4,566 

960 

4 

188,560 

263,541 

1,796 

2,481 

14,393 


Entered  for  Home 
Gontamption  on 
Importation  and 
ex  Warehouse. 


Amount  of 
Daty  reoeiTed, 

iDolodlag 
PrefenntiaL 


4,649,200  No. 
£5,524 
90,700  No. 


£10,504 


17,421  lb. 
112  owt. 


940  lb. 


£680 

£170 

£4,674 

£1 

218,270  galls 

31,9461b. 


£3,969 

£10,127 

£646 

£425 
£71,159 
£61,843 

87,1021b. 
46  owt. 
£14,947 

£3,766 
204,2071b. 


£269, 1S6 
£1,693 
£6,207 


£   s.  d. 

3,486  18  9 

1,104  17  6 

33  19  11 


2,792  8  7 


435  10 
55  18 


7  18  10 


135  17 

25  10 

1,290  5 

0  4 

21,827  0 


532  8  9 


793  17  5 

2,025  7  6 

161  8  5 

106*  4  5 

14,646  8  0 

11,380  11  8 

725  17  0 

6  17  10 

2,989  9  1 

763  2  1 

1,701  14  7 


65,699  8  0 
497  5  0 


NSW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 

Gbnbbal  Imports  into  the  Colony  of  New  Zealand  dubino  1905—  eotUinusd, 


Value  o! 

Total 

En  tared  for  Ho  me 

Amoiatit  of 

ArticlAA. 

Total  QuADtitlM 

CoDflumptJop  OQ 

]>aty  r«c«rTitd 

Im^rtfrd. 

tmporto. 

BE  WarsbouBa* 

lavlodiPir 
PrafercDdk 

^ 

£     a.  d 

Borax     . . 

2,902  cwt 

3,963 

Braflfl— 

Fif ,  b&r,  tube,  or  a  heel . . 

1,087    . 

4,8% 

Tubing  and  stamped  w:irk 

in  the  rougb 

47?    . 

^,381 

*  1 

M&nuf&cturea  . . 

p. 

13,122 

£18,029 

3,60S  14  1 

Bdckfl— 

Building 

3,024  No, 

15 

,, 

*m 

Mra    ,. 

306,904    . 

1,637 

£1,637 

327  10    1 

Obher  kiuda 

77,iax  , 

301 

i» 

Brush  ware  and  broom  a — 

Bf  oc  m» 

L,263dos. 

863 

£863 

315  15   1 

Bnii^heB    (clothes,     hair, 

b&t,  f\nd  toilet) 

*♦ 

14,921 

£14,872 

2,974    $  ti 

Unenumarated 

8,441 

£8,466 

2,121  IS  I 

M&tertAts  for    ,. 

7,402 

Buckets  And  tube — 

Iron    . , 

S45d&2. 

216 

£214 

5a  JO    ] 

Wood 

49    - 

26 

£26 

5    4   C 

Building  materi&la,  unenu* 

mei  Ated 

16,685 

Butter    .. 

804  on  t. 

8,627 

£27 

5*  i  a 

Candles , , 

3,415, 50Slb, 

41,686 

2,354,206  lb. 

9,815  H   1 

Oanea  and  rat  too  s 

1,778 

, . 

Canvaa  .. 

44,091 

£242 

48'  a  (1 

Caramel,  brewere' 

19,237  lb.         ' 

261 

18,663 ib. 

283    5   i 

ctrcal 

ISO  , 

2 

112  . 

0    4   1 

Cards,  playing     . . 

99, 4 IS  packs 

1,728 

7l,325pai;ka 

1,783    2    J 

Carpeting  lind  druggetmg . . 

56,490 

£54,968 

10,992  11  11 

OAmages,  Ac*— 

Automobilep,  motor  caw. 

and  motor  cycle b 

357  No. 

48,913 

£49.486 

12,4'il    9    1 

Aulomobillee,    &c.,    toB,- 

teriftlji  for      . . 

3,590 

£3,967 

1,046    3    ' 

Oarriftges 

407  No. 

8,500 

£8,946 

2,S35  19 

Carta,  drays,  and  wagonfl 

Ill  No. 

1,588 

£1,567 

894    3  1 

Steam-niL  tor  lorriert 

4    , 

2,642 

£2,642 

52S  10 

Feraiiibulatora    and    go- 

oar  ta 

236    . 

489 

£142 

105    2 

Materials  for    , , 

17,593 

£17,502 

8,98S    i 

Materials  for— via.,  axleF, 

aile  armti  and  boxes  . . 

1 « 

15,675 

Owrriage  and  oart  aha f Is, 

i  DO  tea,    and  icUoes  in 
the  ruugh 

,  ^ 

8/265 

C&irriage  and  cart  makiti* 

materlalB 

1 .              1 

18,509 

*  * 

Caaka.  empty 

448  No. 

453 

£449 

6^' If 

Cement,. 

156.469  barreU 

69,995 

141,194  barrvlH 

14,121  18 

Ohaina  and  ohain  cabli^a  . . 

$M90^i. 

9,359 

GBNBBAL  IMPORTS. 


269 


QmsmtLAL  Imfobts  ihto  thb  Oolokt  ov  New  Zbalabd  dubibo  1905— coiUinti^d. 

Ts.1u»of 

Total 
Itiaports. 

Ei]t«r«d  for  Homs 

AtnoHut  of 

ArtUM. 

Importfld. 

CaimmiipiiDn  on 
Itoportatiou  aod 
«x  W&r«bou4Q. 

Duty  r«c«JT«dt 
Pnf«r«QtfiL 

£ 

£    i,   d. 

Caiwoo»1 

8,851  cwt. 

3,692 

CbMFe  .. 

60   , 

344 

£179 

35  18     0 

Gbieorj  . . 

106  lb. 

6 

1081b. 

1     7     0 

QiixL^  pof  cc  l&i  n ,  &nd  pArUn 

W«iO 

35.233 

lB,m 

7,877    1    0 

CbekB 

40,073  No, 

15,926 

£14,771 

4,39i  13  11 

Onii 

ie9,046toni 

155.786 

GoeoA  ftnd  chocol&t« 

193,4911  lb. 

49,696 

488,179  lb. 

5,102    4  10 

CooM^beani 

381.370  * 

6/J18 

•    B 

Coao&'biii  ter 

li7;037  , 

6,788 

.. 

Ooeowtil.  d«fiic(»kd 

244,083  . 

8,768 

OoiM— 

lUv 

336,418  lb. 

9,183 

*  * 

.. 

Boul«d 

2,330  . 

112 

3,7101b. 

as  17    6 

ODh« 

2,053  tons 

8,882 

. .    ^ 

,.. 

Oonbt 

6,949 

£7,028 

1,405  11  11 

Oofflfeetionerj— 

Cbocolaie  in  plftiu  trftde 

|)uk«giis 

441 ,0951b. 

12,903 

229,0691b. 

2,863     7     4 

■g«i 

U,186 

£13,991 

2,798    5  U 

UQenumerAied 

6^,  545  lb. 

16,568 

517,8321b, 

4,315    5    4 

"zr     ..     .. 

215  cnt. 

1,125 

« « 

(        Pig,  bar,  iheet,  and  tub« 

4,872    . 

20,l8t 

,  * 

,  m 

BodwidboU    .. 

153    . 

705 

.. 

iheftibiog 

1,055    . 

4,460 

.. 

Huiuf&oKartP  , . 

601 

£581 

116    4    0 

Gop^ 

127  tons 

1,686 

. » 

Copdftge 

4.757ewt, 

11,681 

£13,819 

2,897    8  10 

Hawsers  of  li  in.  and  over 

m  . 

292 

.. 

Iron  and  steel . . 

11,926    . 

26,474 

£316 

63     4    0 

Cork,  oa( 

10,096 

£10,071 

2,014    6    8 

,     in  the  rough 

21  cwt. 

49 

.. 

O&clOB  piece  gooda— 

Botter  and  «heese  oloth 

3,784 

Cslioo,  wbito  and  grey  . . 

163,975 

Corduroy,  moleskm^  and 

b«a^«rskin    .  - 

2,282 

Leather  eloth  . . 

6,700 

Shirtmgs,  coloured  cotton 

32,564 

Shirtings,  flannelette    . . 

4,241 

Shirtings,  Union 

2,897 

Tabnlar    woven     cotton 

cloth 

17,425 

.. 

Waterproof  material 

6,273 

Unenumerated 

278,713 

£274,411 

41,744    8    8 

Cotton  — 

Raw 

60,234  lb. 

1,706 

Waste 

6,265  cwt. 

9,141 

Wick 

137,2881b. 

5,S84 

Cutlery  . . 

38,595 

£38,25*1 

7,650    3    0 

TJTO 


MSW    BBALAHD  OFFICIAL   TBAR-BOOK. 


Yalneof 

EDt«r6d  for  Hoii» 

Amoant  < 

ki^cAm. 

Total  Quutitles 

CoDfuinjptlon  oq 

Duty  r&eelT 

Imported. 

1  Ol&l 

LmporMi. 

Impcjrtfttion  VDd 
ox  Warebouie. 

fueludJi^ 

£ 

£      I. 

Boors,  plftin 

l,34SNo. 

730 

1,348  No. 

134  16 

Drape  rj 

274,030 

£272,111 

54,422    a 

. . 

75,576 

£71,792 

18,697  19 

Bibboaa  aod  crape 

48,419 

£46,982 

11,746  10 

TailofB*  trimmidgH 

65,666 

•  * 

Drugs,  ctaemic&U,  and  drttg- 

giitft'  waree— 

Baking- powder,  ye&il  pne- 

paratione.  &o. 

623 

£890 

126    S 

Gb&micals  d.o.6. 

4,875 

£4,743 

711    6 

Creftm  of  tartar 

951,8291b, 

83.862 

944,698  lb. 

5,860    0 

DcugE,  druggista"  aundriefl, 

and  apothecaries*  warea 

96,210 

£95,633 

14,344  IS 

Gljcerino,  refined 

2.732  , 

£2J57 

551    6 

Tidctares  and  m«dioiDa1 

Apirits 

2a,&35]b. 

1.786 

23 ,727  lb. 

i.ise  6 

Waabiog- powder 

1,305 

£1,244 

243  15 

Anhydrous  ammonia     .. 

5,466 

.* 

Araeoic 

1,394  ewt. 

1.123 

, . 

■  m 

Disinfeotaots    ,, 

^ , 

6,191 

■  ■ 

'  * 

Pood  preaervative 

6,810 

■  ■ 

Guma 

*  * 

3,058 

4 , 

,  , 

Inaeotioidea     and     lr«e- 

waslieft 

r    w 

2,640 

, , 

«■ 

MaLtiue 

935 

Med  ici  □  al  barke ,  1  eaYoa ,  4c . 

1,573 

.   t 

Phosphorus      . . 

-    1 

891 

.    I 

Potassi  um  -  oy  ao  ide 

e^uacwt. 

36,953 

Sheep-dip 

37,270 

Sheep  and  horae  drenobod 

and  Bheup-lioks 

- » 

67 

■ « 

■   I 

Vanilla  beaut  .. 

6430  lb. 

421 

^  ^ 

.    > 

Unenumeiated 

» > 

30,625 

1 

.. 

Djea 

.* 

13,249 

'  t 

" 

E&rtbenware 

.. 

67,074 

i%3,425 

18,099    0 

Eggs  for  setting  . . 

■  * 

^ , 

73d0B. 

76 

, . 

, , 

Engine-packing  .. 

8,630  cwt. 

12,359 

, , 

, , 

Essences,  flavouring — 

Spirituous 
Unenunxerated 

2,223  galls. 

5,536 

2,136  galls. 

1,708    9 

•  • 

279 

£272 

40  16 

Essential  oils- 

Eucalyptus 

7,1061b. 

2,388 

£2,473 

494  18 

Other  kinds 

40,110  . 

6,423 

•• 

•• 

Fancy  goods  and  toys 

161,972 

£148,897 

87,448  17 

Felt  sheathing     . . 

8,463 

, , 

, . 

Fire-engines 

127  No. 

693 

, , 

Fire-hose    and    other    ap- 

pliances 

, , 

2,434 

, , 

,, 

Fireworks 

.. 

1,100 

£1,094 

218  16 

GKKB&AIi    IMPORTS. 

^ 

271      1 

OsvMRAt*  Imfobts  ihto  tbx  Coloht  of  Nbw  ZmkLAixD  DoarKo  1905— ootUtniMd.       1 

y&lae  of 
Imports. 

Bnlerttd  for  Home 

Amount  of 

Artie  iM- 

TotAl  Qoaotlllw 

CoDfiiroptioo  on 

Duly  receiir«d* 

Imiionod. 

Tmportalioti  ftjod 

inclcdiac 

es  WArebouie. 

Preferential. 

£        6.  d. 

Ifcb- 

£ 

AneboTies,  salted 

10  OWt. 

32 

* , 

JkM,  pickled,  or  B&lted 

1.967  . 

3.586 

1.990  OWt. 

991  19    e 

?ottei!  and  preserved     . . 

2,107.6741b. 

47.570 

1,997.604  lb. 

17,377  14    7 

ickle— 
iaI  aiea  .. 

506 

£633 

126  12    0 

Fiih-hooks 

, . 

814 

Unenumerabed 

• » 

5,696 

£5,658 

1,131  la    3 

Fab-ova^ 

» « 

650 

fbek 

158  OWt. 

114 

£118 

11  16    0 

Vborcbth  and  oilcloth      . . 

^  ^ 

87.785 

£86,897 

17.379    S    2 

Flour 

6.S67o«iitah 

2,542 

6,126o6iitalB 

306    6     1 

Foods,  ftnim&l— 

QmR 

140  tons 

424 

140  tons 

140    7     1 

\  0o«Biiinemted 

5,104 

£5,119 

1,023  16    6 

1bodt«  lariniMseoaB — 

IttOWTOOt 

147,4341b. 

1,395 

, . 

■ « 

liieftjoDi  and  veiinio«)li 

19a,  081 

2,669 

•  • 

, , 

Uftixeoa  and  cornflour  . . 

1,407,608  , 

17,646 

1,435,4761b. 

1,495    5    9 

Sigo  and  tapioca 

20,81>6o¥Ft. 

11 .039 

, , 

Unenumerated 

' 

2.284 

IVoiU^boltled  and  preserved 

104,550  doa. 

28,973 

£28,026 

7.006  10    0 

Froito,  dried — 

CnrraDta 

3,a73,40iaib. 

24.853 

3,132.16  2  lb. 

13,050  13     6 

BaiftinB 

3.134,642  . 

34,277 

3,086,340  . 

12,869  16     0 

UDcnttmerated 

1,873,829  . 

23,533 

1,829.110  , 

16,242  11     8 

B^pfla,  freBb 

^Kpplet,  pears,  plums,  Ao. 

3,347,689  , 

82,:i84 

3.346,789  * 

9.107  13    8 

^^KmooB 

796,838  , 

7.223 

773,792  , 

1,612     I     4 

^^orrants,  ra^pberrief »  Ac. 

37,058  ^ 

324 

37,058  , 

77    i     1 

I     Other  kinds 

541,693,858  . 

116,071 

1  o„..*-     lemon   and  orange 

n  brine    ., 

698,637  , 

3.555 

» fr 

.,    ^olp,    and    partially 

nraieiTed  frail 

77.122  , 

748 

32,915  lb. 

206  14    4 

fK 

3  OWt 

4 

. . 

FBraitnre,  cabinctwar*,  and 

upholstery     . . 

., 

45,540 

£45.666 

14.609  19    a 

Kapok 

6,682  OWt. 

15.598 

. , 

. . 

Unaniinieraled 

6,143 

. , 

Pimiiture,  knife,  and  plaie 

porwder  and  polish 

. « 

7p889 

£7,648 

1,529  10     4 

Fi.       . 

7.646 

£6,929 

1,732     6    5 

Gataline  and  isinglasB 

118,479  tb. 

7.004 

£6,941 

1,388    5    7 

GUat^ 

Eoiltea,  empty 

37.700 

liirror^and  looking  glaase* 

6,586 

£6,538 

1,63410  XI 

Plato*  bevelJed,  Ac, 

10,320 

1    £10,311 

2,577  16    0 

•      oiber  kindB 

306.271  sup.  fL 

11,050 

£11,984 

2,732    4    5 

Wiadbw 

2,478,002       . 

22,383 

2,489,400  flup.  ft. 

3,440  18     0 

MMware 

. , 

49,918 

as,  284 

10,387    7    9 

Qtlwt  and  tiae      . . 

200J17lb. 

8,681 

198.0131b. 

1.237  U    T 

A 

!J72  VBW    BBALAKD   OFFICIAL    TSAB-flOOK. 

Obhbbal  Impobts  ihto  thb  Oolont  of  Nbw  Zbaulhd  DUBDia  1905.— 


ToUl  Quimtltl* 


Gold       .. 

Gnin  GiGd  pulse — 

Barlej 

Beans  And  peu 

Oibts  .. 

Wbe*t 

UQeiiumer&bed 

Ground,  unenunier&ted. 
Gre&se   . . 
Grindery — 

Heel  &Dd  toe  pl«t«i 

liQCDumerftted 
Gum,  kauri 

Haberd&ifaery 
Buttons,  ka.     *, 
Sewing  cotbODi,»llka,  mnd 

UuenumCTikt^d 

Eardwftra,   hollow ue,    «Qd 
ironmongery 
€of!]u-furDitur^ 
Hardw&re 
Hftti  ftod  caps     . . 
H&tlera'  xanteriftlB 
Hamp    .  > 
Hid&a    . . 
Houe^   . . 
Hops 
BoaJery 

Indiiiriibbdr  and  gutta-per 

cba  goodi 
Ink- 
Printing 

Writing 
Instnimonls,  musical— 

Harmoniuma  and  organs 

Pianos 

Un  enumerated 

For  Volunteer  bands 

Materials  for    , , 
Inslruments,  oihei  IdndS'^ 

Optical 

ScienttBc 

Surgical  and  dental 

Surveying 

Unenum  crated 
Irtm  and  eteet^ 
'    AMgh 


160  oentalA 

1,186      , 

30,773  , 
ISS      . 

14,S06  . 
9,834  , 
5,450owt. 


13  tuns 


600  cwt. 


77|S05do£. 

156  toni 
!S,S2BNo. 
924  lb. 
45,710  . 


16&,435kb. 


42S 
4,401  No. 


ya1o«  of 

ERt*rfld  for  Home 

CoHfltitopttOQ  OB 

D 

tmporlft. 

ImportAtioii  mad 

1 

£ 

780 

, , 

la 

" 

121 

162  oeotaiB 

1,078 

1,186      . 

6,N7 

20,760      * 

ais 

438      . 

6,453 

14,508      . 

5,767 

8,340      . 

4,896 

£3,933 

1,131 

£1,143 

30,785 

. , 

1,744 

" 

36,648 

£36,530 

I 

34,255 

■■ 

53,713 

1,661 

>  * 

3,58! 

261,497 

£257,148 

K 

2,846 

£3,416 

2,§a2 

*  ^ 

8?, 117 

£82,7S8 

2C 

15,233 

, , 

0,487 

'" 

3,038 

6 

234  lb. 

3,1)92 

43,605  . 

] 

144,370 

£144,373 

Sf 

15,354 

£13 

291  tout 


6,990 
1*777 

j     5,733 

101,091 

I  16,543 

4S8 

2,650 

I     3,133 

6,044 

30,471 

1,295 

148 

2,048 


£1,603 

£5,331 

£100,141 

£16,458 

£350 


£14,735 


£38 


OBNBItAL  IMPORTS. 


273 


GurxBAL  Impobts  orao  thb  Colony  of  Nbw  Zxaland  dubikq  1905^contintied. 


Value  of 
Total 

Entered  for  Home 

AtUOQQt  Of 

A^tJOllM- 

ToUl  QuanltlJe* 

CozuumptioQ  oo 

Doty  recAiTad, 

imporied. 

ImpoTU. 

Importatioti  aad 
ex  Warehoiiie. 

iMCllllliDg 

iTelenntial. 

IiOTi  Aod  iteel — canld. 

, 

£      1.  d. 

B&r,  bolt,  &£id  rod 

17,948  lODH 

129,166 

£1,506 

301    4    0 

BqUb  ftind  nutf 

17,9CScivt. 

19,937 

« t 

Cftatingfl  for  ships 

50  cone 

1,411 

Gftlfaaised  manufftelurss 

1,731 

£1,700 

425    2    6 

Hoop  . , 

1,390  tone 

13,011 

Hoop,  g^^Tanifted 

3,fi39cwt, 

2,472 

3,862  cwt. 

289  IB    5 

Pig     .. 

6,713  tons 

26,443 

Pipec  uid  fitiloga 

9,797     . 

100,^1 

£99,857 

5,106    8     7 

Ewli,. 

16,900    , 

102,672 

£4.458 

891  13    0 

R*ilwft5  bolttf  &ttd  fMtec- 

iags 

1,^    . 

17,392 

£407 

81  10    0 

4,8iS    ^ 

40,765 

£1,953 

391  12    0 

Sheat,  f&lvajaised,  oonru- 

gated 

3de,253owt. 

223,135 

294,559cwt. 

20.455  19    0 

Sheet,  galTraniBed,  plain 

57%77S    , 

44,154 

59,938  , 

4.495     7     a 

Staples  and  ebandardM  ,  * 

719tnfift 

7,537 

£7,514 

],W2  17  11 

T*oks 

3,03SNo. 

11,639 

3,873  Ho, 

1,769     5     0 

Wira^  fenemg,  barbed    . . 

4,702 tonB 

50,451 

Wir«^  fencing,  pUin 

10,383     , 

95,624 

Wire,     telegraphto     emd 

lekphonio 

233    . 

9,03:^ 

Wire  ntiitiDg    . . 

37,351 

Wire,  UDenumeratfld 

577  tons 

8,367 

Unanuinerated 

112    , 

931 

,, 

Jims,  jellies,  %nd  preierves 

430,5Bllh. 

7,976 

445,1261b. 

3,709    7     6 

Jillies,  concentrated 

114,627    ^ 

4,401 

Ml.tHJO    . 

1,605     1  H 

Jewellery 

10,286 

8,943    . 

1.788  10    6 

lAtQpt,  Ian  terns,  and  lamp- 

wick   ,, 

* , 

34,605 

£34,445 

8,713  10    7 

Lard 

128  cwt. 

253 

£267 

53     8     0 

Lead— 

pjgi  and  bars  . . 

BSdtona 

12.440 

*  - 

Pipe  (ineludiag  eomposi 

tion)              ..          «  .. 

392  cwt. 

448 

84?cwt. 

60  15    8 

Sbeet 

17.409    , 

15,3G3 

15,982    . 

1,193  13  10 

Manufaeturea 

160 

£160 

32     0    0 

Leather. 

675,3871b. 

87,940 

509.329  lb. 

4,002  16     0 

Ghamoii 

^  ^ 

892 

£828 

165  13     3 

Leatber  manufactureB^ 

E<Jot    and    shoe    TampB, 

uppers,  and  lacd* 

13,018 

£13,103 

3,403  11     1 

Uoenumerated 

3,563 

£3,505 

729  19     3 

Ltgbthou-^e,  mate  Hale  for.. 

001 

i  * 

, , 

Linen  pioee-goodi— 

Forfars,  do w las,  and  fiaz 

f      Aheetings 

, , 

23,063 

£14,002 

349    0    0 

LtoeiiA  n.o.e.    . . 

16,&38 

£17,081 

3,416    4    0 

Heesiaaa  ar^d  ftcrim 

41,884 

* 

Uiieniimerated 

*    m 

2 

* 

LlDieed 

11  tons 

133 

11  tona 

10  18    6 

Lif  Qorioe 

** 

2,847 

£3,857 

571     7     1 

274  NSW    SSALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOO&. 

GsMEBAii  Imports  into  the  Colony  of  New  Zealand  during  1905— contiiMiri 


Artleloa. 


EDt«E9d  for  Horao 

CODIUITiptJOQ  OQ 

loaportAtiot]  Aad 
■x  WArehouft»« 


Machinery  and  maohines—  i 
Agricultural      (including  { 
agricultural  implementH); 
Agricultural,  ploughs  and 

harrows 
Biscuit  and  confectionery 

making 
Briek- making  .. 
C«metii  makizig 
Cranes 

Cranes,  hydraulic 
Dairying 

engines  for 
boilers  for 
Dredging 
Electric 
Engines,  steam 

gas  and  oil 
gas      and     oil 

parts  of 
boilers  for 
Flour-milling  .. 
Fuel  economisers 
Qas-making 

Knitting  . .  i 

Mining 

engines  for 
boilers  for  . .  ] 

Paper-milling  .. 
Portable  and  traction  en 

gines 
Printing 
Refrifjeratiiig  .. 
Rope  and  twine  making 
Sewing 

Woodworking  .. 
"Woollen'millJng 
Unenumerated 
Materials  for,and  parts  for 
Malt 

Rice- malt 
Manures — 
Bonedust 
Guano 

Unenumerated 
Marble- 
Dressed  or  polished,  and 

manufactures 
Hewn  or  rough-hewn     . . 
Matches  and  vestas- 
Wax  ..    (boxes) 
Wooden 
Mats  and  matting 
Meats,  potted  and  preserved 


88  No. 
1,105    * 

32  No. 


153  No. 


80  No. 


9, 950  No. 


'2, 546  bush. 
8,5601b. 

13,580  tons 
5,619    . 
26,954     . 


447  tons 

64,991  gross 
43,491     . 


& 

100,423 

9,091 

626 
;  3,249 
I  593 
I  1,045 
I  12,611 
I  25,509 
I  528 
,  1,057 

7.106 
1 159, 794 

9,0l'6 
68,130 

827 

8,399 

4,040 

327 

36,845 

2,267 

36,919 

1,029 

556 

699 


£626 
£3,249 

£598 
£1,045 


32.200 

30,478 

5.534  I 

865 

33,741  ! 

17,988 

6,322 

87,046 

8.953 

848 

67 


65,832 
16,679 
91,223 


10,017  1 
3,165  j 

8,916  I 
3,123  j 
10,064 
3,400  I 


£834 

£8,602 

£4,039 

£327 

£35,278 


£756 
£556 
£615 


£27,177 

£5.609 

£885 


£5,563 

£79,693 

£685 

2,882  bush. 
8,5601b. 


£10,178 


69,434  gross 
36,455  . 
£10,058 
£2,899 


Aixitfanl 
Izkltidin 


135  i 
649  IC 
118  IS 
2G9    C 


£899 

44  U 

£1,297 

64  11 

£7,106 

355    C 

£114,689 

11,468  IS 

£8,641 

1,728    i 

£25,421 

5,084    i 

166  U 
1.720    i 

201  U 

65    ( 

3,527  le 


37  U 
27  U 
30  1£ 


1,858  Vi 

280    S 

44    t 


278    I 

14,177  16 

114    i 

288    2 

85  18 


2,544  11 


4.260  n 

1,847  12 

2,011  IC 

579  le 


^^^ 

OBHBRAL  IBiPQETS. 

276 

OsirSRAl.    tUPORTB   tSTO   THE   COLONY   OF   NkW   ZB ALAND   DIXaiKO    1905 

—conUnued, 

VblQOOf 

ToIaI 

Entered  for  Home 

AmoQ&l  of 

-A^tlthtm 

ToUJ  Quutltiee 

Coneumption  on 

Duty  recoived. 

Imported. 

Importa. 

iDQporUtioti  Slid 
ex  WarehoQH. 

Ineluding 
Prerereotlal. 

lll«<dieiQee«  pateot  hnd  pro- 

£ 

£        B.    d. 

pridtvy 

.. 

51,863 

£53.112 

7.966  16  10 

yLtUH,  mMiiifftctarea  ol^ 

Anchors             . .             ^ . 

987  No. 

839 

Iikp^nned  &nd  lacquered 

metAlw&re 

^, 

947 

£944 

236     1     3 

Biveta  uid  wftabers 

7,663  cwt. 

8,186 

J  ^ 

TJwki 

1,902     . 

3.032 

•  m 

Typewrilars 

753  No. 

10,322 

.  . 

Wdgbbridgas  and  weigh- 

iog-iDBchiiiet 

t , 

9.466 

£9,019 

1.803  14  10 

Uotnamer&ted 

79.946 

£33,893 

6.778  11  10 

V«iA]  tbealhiog,  other  than 

oopper 

442  owl. 

1.519 

Milk,  preaerved   .. 

621.9471b. 

11,606 

£10,600 

2,626'  0    5 

MHliziery — 

F^Mlbers ,  orna  me  n  tal    * . 

,, 

4,418 

£4,434 

1,108  10    0 

Olbar  kinds      . . 

• » 

58.288 

£58.024 

14.506     1     6 

lliuuud 

236,0061b. 

13,036 

233,3181b. 

1,944     5    7 

ir«ib^ 

Inm  .. 

77,764  cwt. 

44,781 

76,978  cwt. 

11.011  19     1 

Uoeoumerftted 

67    . 

200 

66    . 

9  18    6 

Kapbtha  (wood)  _ 
HuU— 
AlmoadA,  in  ibell 

10,546  galls. 

2,095 

9,562  galls, 

239    1     0 

S3. 119  lb. 

666 

31.6841b. 

263     3  11 

AiiaoDdB,  shelled 

39,982  , 

3,661 

36,176  , 

452    4     1 

Alsumds,  Barbary,  &o, ,  > 

265,324  . 

8,306 

CoooikoutB 

82,662  No. 

140 

69.88316. 

1,381 

70,7891b. 

689' 18     2 

Oakmn  .* 

379  cwt. 

489 

Om 

3,015  No. 

ti37 

« * 

Oili- 

OaAlor,  balk     . . 

88.609  galla. 

8.427 

57,665  galls. 

1,441  12     4 

Qasrior,  boUl«d 

l,aoedoai.pts 

518 

£509 

76    7    0 

Cod  liTer 

19,780  galls. 

8.656 

Col«a 

30,784    . 

2.375 

13.513  galls. 

837  16    9 

Fisb,  penguin «  and  seal 

44,493    , 

3,083 

, , 

Unmid 

295,925    , 

80.076 

289.511  galls. 

7,237  16    7 

UxmibI,  kerosene 

4,674.339     , 

139,767 

, , 

. . 

,        other  kinds 

220,798     . 

17,753 

204.845  gaUfl. 

5,121     2    7 

Ol!?s.  bnlk 

6,565    , 

1,218 

6.887     ^ 

147     3    6 

OliTe,  bottled  .. 

1.787    . 

665 

£842 

126    6    6 

Whale 

130    , 

23 

, , 

Unenumerated,  balk     . . 

296,630     . 

24,219 

271. 538  galls, 

6,788    8  10 

Un enumerated,  bottled 

9,429doz.pts 

4,295 

£4,403 

660    8  10 

Uiienumerated 

464, 742  galls. 

17,923 

Oilmen's  stores    . . 

, 

8,720 

£8,695 

1.738*19    8 

Onions  .. 

80, 770  cwt. 

15,039 

29,999  cwt. 

1.499  19    2 

Oplam 

1091b, 

107 

102  lb. 

203  19    2 

1 .    -  -.__^. 

m 

i 

276                        NEW 

ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 

It 

■V 

Qbnekal  Ihpobts  into  thb  Golomy  of  New  Z^aisAXD  dubutq  1905— con/w 

;. 

?ft]i]eot 

Total 

Importe. 

Ent«r9d  for  Homt 

Amof 

Arlioltf. 

ToiAl  Qt]ATittU«i 
toaporled. 

Cooauiriiitioo  on 
ImpoTtAtioii  ftOd 
ei  WaTBhouifl. 

Dviyrm 

Paints  and  colours- 

£ 

£ 

Ground  in  oil   . . 

42,791  owt. 

48,822 

41,882  owt. 

5,JS9 

Mixtd  ready  for  use 

8.126    . 

17.964 

7.178   , 

1,794 

* 

Uiienumerated 

14,374    . 

15,567 

. . 

, 

Paper- 

Bags,  ooarse 

'             262  cwt. 

426 

263  cwt. 

98 

Bags,  other  kinds 

5,443    . 

8,062 

£8,107 

2,026 

■ 

Butter-paper    . . 

5,843    . 

9,768 

. , 

, 

K, 

PaperhangingR 

26,998 

£37,581 

6,070 

Printing 

157,436  cwt. 

133,436 

£2.803 

660 

Wrapping 

8,643    , 

9,955 

8,615  cwt. 

2,680 

Writing 

;       21,097     . 

34,106 

, , 

, , 

; 

U  n  on  umi  rated 

'         1,894     . 

3.480 

. , 

Pearl  barl.  y 

1         1,326     . 

708 

1.344  owt. 

67 

Peas,  split 

i         1,661     . 

878 

1,698    . 

169 

Peel,  candied  and  dried 

10,224  lb. 

246 

9,8811b. 

128 

Perfumery- 

Perfumed  ppirits 

.         1.362  galls. 

5,687 

1,877  galU. 

2,065 

Toilet  preparations 

12.293 

£12,801 

3,075 

Unenuiii«  rated 

' 

526 

£609 

127 

Photographic  goods 

1 

6.100 

£6.052 

1,310 

Goppcr,   glass,    and   zinc 

plates   for   photo-litho- 

j 

graph  io  work 

402 

Photographic        cameras 

1 

and  lenses     . . 

9,088 

Sensitised     surfaces     for 

photographic  purposes 

21,295 

Pickles  . . 

1        6,360  galls. 

1.698 

5.788  galls. 

868 

Pictures,   painting?,    draw- 

1 

ings,    ergravii  gs,    and 

pijo.tf^^diu^'hn                  .    .. 

i 

11.802 

£11,404 

2,280 

PaiutiTgR,    &c.,   f(r   mu- 

seums, SiLC.     . . 

1 

690 

. , 

, 

Family  portraits 

1 

2 

, 

Picture  frames  and  mounts 

1 

6,404 

£6.408 

1.281 

Pitch      .. 

1            994  cwt. 

560 

Plant",  trres,  and  shrubs  . . 

'• 

6.078 

, 

Plastc  r  of-paris   . . 

11, 757  cwt. 

2,398 

, , 

, 

Plato  and  platedware 

1 

72,149 

£70, 130 

14,615 

Portmaiitoai  X   and    travel- 

1 

ling  bai?s 

1 

7.031 

£6,995 

1,748 

Leather  bags  and  leather- 

1 

cloth  bags     . . 

1 

184 

£184 

36 

Potatoes 

:        2,786  tons 

16,371 

£13.022 

3.256 

Seed  potatoes  . . 

690     . 

4,723 

Pdniing  materials— 

! 

Siettotypes  and  matrices 

i 

265 

£263 

65 

Type  anH  materials,  n.o.r. 

16,108 

, 

Provisions  — 

1 

Epgs 

6,644  doz. 

162 

£174 

34 

1 

G^gg^t    desiccated,    white 

1 

1 

and  yolk 

' 

1,205 

£1.205 

241 

QBNBBAL   IMPORTS. 

277 

QxsBa^i.  IxFOBTS  uno  thb  Colony  of  Nbw  Zealand  oaRiNo  1905 

—continti^. 

Valns  of 
Importa. 

Ki>t«i-tMl  for  Bota« 

A  moan  1  of 

jjtjnlai. 

TotaJ  QUADtitioi 

Confuiui'Cton  10  Q 

Doly  riM^etted. 

Icatioritfa.          i 

linportnioji  aod 

InoLndlBig 

«x  WarvhouaQ. 

FraiersDiial. 

Fh»vifii(^Ds—  ctmlinusd* 

£ 

£     8.    d. 

Egip,    liquid,  white    ADd 

jolk 

« - 

441 

441 

88     4    0 

PmnfiJoKii  D.o.«. . . 

.  > 

13,7u3 

£14,253 

2,850  12     2 

P^tBipi  .. 

9,403 

£3,341 

2,144  18     7 

ttifttf     .. 

5, 746  Off  t. 

2,769 

5,755  cwt. 

575  10    6 

^|ttidail?«t 

9,eoeib. 

1,039 

.. 

ftulw&j  plaal — 

Loeomotiirea     . . 

2  No. 

1,975 

tJikenumcrftled 

, , 

77,991 

£1,693 

338  12    0 

BMin 

14,483  cwt. 

6,927 

Bice 

82,557    . 

52,253 

>  i 

Bice  flour 

96    . 

79 

9Scwt. 

29  10    9 

Biee  meal  refuse  . . 

8,447    , 

613 

Bag. 

•• 

17,306 

£l7,32i 

3,464*   3     7 

'SMcb&rine 

17,591  oz. 

334 

15.103  01. 

1,132  14     9 

Sttddlery   &ud   barness  (in- 

cluding whip»i) 

, , 

29,925 

£29,841 

5,968    5  11 

Harness  oil,  composition. 

and  leather-dressing   . . 

, , 

2,121 

£2,093 

418  11     4 

Saddlers'  ironmongery  and 

materials 

, , 

19,951 

Collar-check     . . 

6,513 

Salt 

16,639  tons 

35,089 

Rock  salt 

605    . 

9G0 

Saltpetre 

88    . 

2,021  1 

Sauces  .. 

14, 169  galls. 

9,190  ,       14, 176 galls. 

2,835*   3     8 

Saosage-skins 

194,b871b. 

11,365  1     196,7151b. 

2,458  18     9 

Seeds- 

1 

Grass  and  clover 

21 ,436  cwt. 

62,253  ; 

Unenomerated 

, . 

27,762  1 

Sbale     .. 

141 

354 

Shells 

193  cwt. 

614  1 

Ship- chandlery  n.o.e. 

5,502  j 

Silks.  &c. 

119,727     £118,396 

29,599     1     5 

Silk  fcr  flour-dressing    . . 

54  1 

Silver     .. 

122  oz. 

lo 

Skins  and  pelts- 

Fur-skins 

5,768  No. 

314! 

Kangaroo  and  wallabi    . . 

120  . 

16 

Uii«fiii  me  rated 

20,266   . 

1.154  ! 

Slates,  roofing     . . 
Soap- 
Soap  powder,    extract  of 

238,444   . 

J, 728  1 

1 

! 

• 

soap,  Ac. 

7,591   I      £7,485 

1,496  19     1 

Unenumerated 

36,843  1    £37,329 

9,332    5     1 

Specie- 

1 
1 

Gold 

330,000 

Silver 

17,449  , 

Copper 

230 

278 


NSW    ZBALAMO   OFFICIAL   TSAB-BOOK. 


Obnbbal  Imports  into  thb  Oolont  of  New  Zb4L4HD  DaazHO  1905— can^tfitM 

Value  of 

Total 
Imports. 

Entered  fbrHmne 

Amoonl 

ArtkdM. 

Total  QuanUties 
Imported. 

Conramptiao  on 
Importation  and 

Dntyreoe 

iDcladii 

Frererenl 

peoimeDs    illustrative    of 

1 
i 

£ 

£    i 

>    natural  soienoe 

1 

282 

, , 

Spioes — 

1 

Ground 

'       22.0061b. 

844 

22,8711b. 

381   : 

Unground 

1     658,371  . 

13.485 

566.419  • 

4.720   i 

Spirits- 

I 

Bitters,     cordials,     and 

' 

1 

liqueurs 

'        8,496  galld. 

2.999 

2,821  galls. 

2,256  1! 

Brandy 

;       68,884    . 

28,902 

62,412     « 

49,929  1 

Geneva     and     gin,     un- 

sweetened    . . 

1       90.963    . 

21.915 

74.916     . 

59,988 

Methylated       . . 

1              79    . 

12 

79     . 

3  11 

Rum 

11,075    , 

2.401 

13,789     . 

11,080  1 

Sweetened 

\        5.963    . 

1.748 

6,293     « 

5,084    : 

Whisky 

465,697    , 

170.464 

466,979     « 

873,582  11 

Unenumerated 

3.425    . 

3.464 

3.666     . 

2.981  11 

Spirits  of  wine     . . 

67,462    . 

4.981 

1,818     . 

1.454    1 

Methylated,  in  hond 

. . 

, , 

61.401     . 

1,585    1 

Sponges 

. 

250 

£204 

80  I 

Starch  .. 

977,2871b. 

10,734 

960,1411b. 

8.001    : 

Starch,        cOnfectionerd' 

moulding 

100,567  . 

690 

, , 

, , 

Starch  waste    . . 

643,920  , 

1,277 

, , 

, , 

Stationery- 

Manufactured  . . 

64,727 

£61,667 

15,416  1 

Unenumerated 

57,664 

£48.039 

9,607  r 

Apparatus  and  appliances 

for  teaching  purposes 

7,562 

. . 

, , 

Bookbinders'  materials . . 

7,879 

, , 

,. 

Cardboard    boxes,  mate- 

rials for 

15,198 

, . 

^  ^ 

Unenumerated 

7,137 

, , 

,, 

Steamers  in  eections 

INo. 

1,565 

, , 

,, 

Steariae 

98  1b. 

2 

981b. 

o'l 

For  match-making 

362,786    , 

6,680 

362.786  , 

1,138  1 

Stone- 

Building 

629  tons 

1,209 

, , 

., 

Flagging 

1     . 

5 

. . 

, , 

Granite  and  other  stone. 

dressed  or  polished     . . 

6,011 

£5,003 

1,250  1 

Granite,  unwrought 

11  tons 

68 

£58 

S  1 

Grind,     mill,     oil,     and 

whet  stones  . . 

, , 

8,198 

, , 

Sugar- 

Raw   

824,880  cwt. 

412,190 

5,7121b. 

11  11 

Refined      ... 

9,898    , 

8,298 

89,433,518  . 

186,819  11 

Glucose 

6,968    . 

3,999 

820,855  . 

8,418    ! 

Molasses 

21     . 

28 

13,874  . 

28  11 

Golden  syrup  . . 

2,419,176  . 

5,089  11 

Molasses  and  treacle  mixed 

with  bone-black 

, , 

, , 

1,391  cwt. 

Treacle 

20    , 

24 

920,4421b. 

1,9171: 

Sulphur 

8,318    « 

2,843 

.. 

GENRRAL    IMPORTS.  *279 

Qbsbrai.  Impobts  uito  thb  Ck>LONT  OF  Nbw  Zealand  during  1905— continued. 


AHLt^m 


Billow  ,, 

Bark  .. 
Other  klfkda 

TMpaalizu  mod  tantA 

tatile  pieee-gooda  other 
ititkn  9] Ik,  colton,  Imeo, 
or  wooHed 

Artie ]e«  m«de  tip   from 
other  lb  AD  apparel 
fimbtr— 

LaihA  and  fbinglei 

Lose  ,. 

Log*,  hewn 

Pfttings 

Poft£  . , 

RaUa  . . 

Sawn^  imdreii^ 

SawD,  dressed  * . 

Unesamerated 
Tin- 
Block 

Foil 

Shees 
Tinware 
Tinsmiths' 

fittingfi 
Tobacco — 

Unmanufaotured 

Manafactured  . . 

Cigars 

Cigarettes 

Snoff 
Tobacco-pipes  and  cases,  &o 
Tools  and  implements — 

Axes  and  hatchets 

Engineers'  machine  tools 

Scythes 

Sheep-shears 

Spades,  shovels,  and  forks 

Unenumerated 
Tramway  plant    . . 
Turpentine,   terebine,    and 

driers 
Twine    . . 

Nets  and  netting 

Binder 

Unennmerated 


furnishings  and 


3,666  tons      j  81,536 

I     S»390 

I     2,921 

I  ..  138 

15,906.653  lb.  226,427 


66,611 

15,GG8 

9,396 

35,597 

3,560 

769 

1)52 

77,702 

2,881 

1,6*J3 


1,927,917  No. 

2,637  *  I 

a,925,667eup.  rtJ 

548, 186  No.       ' 

22,543   ^ 

8.390   « 

11,074  673  sup.  ft. 

136,683       ,       ' 


3.212  owt. 
24,042  Lb. 
54,038  owt. 


28,045  lb. 
1,997,669  . 
60,967  . 


Entarod  for  Homa 
GonatiTiipUOQ  oo 
Im^ort&tJou  and 
et  Warehouse. 


64,0431b. 


£66,060 
£15,58 
1,927 ,000  No. 


548,300  No. 

22,Q25    ^ 

S,390    . 

10.397.630  aup. 

1S5,710       . 


Ainoanl  ot 
Duty  receive^ 

inHudfng 
Prefwencftl 


£     s,   d. 


24,246 
1,432 
43,683  i 
13,279  '    £13,417 


27 
533 


■  13,211 
I     3,396 

I         193 

I 
i 

548 

B8 

16 

ft.    10,397 

I         271 

i 


m  3 

13    9 


19  I 
15  6 
13  10 


€  8 

2  0 

16  9' 

12  7 

e  5 


286,763 
1,286 


95,334  gaiU. 
459,0991b. 

751  owt. 


2,909 

1,093 

184,402 

22,008 

73,828 1 

208 
24,950  I 

8,697  I 

22,294  I 

1,788 

2,971  ! 

14,069  . 

115,741 

24,141 

10,275  ! 

16,486  I 

1,195  ' 

1,969  : 

341 


16,7161b. 
1,982,439  . 
63,116  . 
112.386,952  No. 
20,596  oz. 
1,4101b. 
£25,015 


3,354     6     1 


1.671 

346,926 

22,090 

98,338 

614 

493 

6,253 


11     8 
18    3 


£24,160 


£15,111 
£1,195 


4,882     2     0 


3,022 
239 


6     2 
0     0 


i 

V^neof 

Toul 

Enleved  for  Hom^ 

Am. 

t 

ArtlelM. 

Totftl  Quuitm«B 

CoovumptioEi  OQ 

Dutr 

:■: 

Imptirfted. 

Pref* 

I 

£ 

£ 

1 

Umbrellas  and  parasols    . . 

17,290 

£17.086 

3.41 

■G 

Materials  for    . . 

1 

5,956 

•• 

Varnish  and  gold-size 

1       46,487  galls. 

21,499 

44.888  gaUs. 

4.48 

Vegetables,  fresh,  dried,  or 

!. 

preserved 

., 

2,235 

£2.012 

40 

Vinegar 

43,095  galls. 

5,007 

42.556  galls. 

1,06 

{ 

Watches 

Watchmakers*  materials  . . 

Wax- 

34,989  No. 

15,418 
476 

£15.122 

3.0S 

■■! 

Beeswax 

157  owt. 

1,106 

. , 

1 

Parafian,&c.     .. 

940,2691b. 

10,859 

969.8281b. 

3.01 

I 

Uneiiumerated 

8.754  . 

216 

3,211  . 

S 

Whftlebone 

6 

.. 

Whiting  and  chalk 

11,205  owt. 

1.106 

11.121  owt. 

55 

Wine- 

■'■" 

Australian 

43,946  galls. 

15.193 

47,627  galls. 

11,9C 

Sparkling 

10,700    . 

19.166 

9.978    . 

4.48 

Other  kinds 

I      52,803    , 

17.467 

55.581    . 

16,67 

Woodenware 

1 

58.232 

£44,066 

7.61 

Wool— 

Greasy 

251,2461b. 

6,841 

Scoured 

4,966  ^ 

293 

Woollen  piece  goods 

406,546 

£406,250 

81,2^ 

Blankets 

14,462  pairs 

4.981 

£5,108 

1,02 

Wool  packs 

'       32,695  doz. 

38,538 

; 

Woolpockets 

373    , 

248 

•• 

Yarns 

** 

9,647 

£9,647 

1,9S 

Coir,  flax,  and  hemp      . . 

i 

4,828 

•• 

Zinc  manufactures— 

1 

Tilefl,  ridging,  &o. 

•• 

741 

£436 

8 

Unenumerated 

1 

431 

£431 

10 

Zinc- 

1 

Perforated  sheet 

1            428  cwt. 

945 

Plain  sheet 

'        8,415    . 

12,359 

Spelter 

5,237    . 

7,038 

Minor  articles      . . 

5,863 

Articles  atid  materials  suited 

only  for  and  to  be   used 

solely  in  the  fabrication 

of  goods  within  the  colony 

29,195 

.. 

Miscellaneous  goods- 

Manufactured  . . 

18,022 

Unmanufactured 

6,706 

New   Zealand   exhibits   re- 

turned   from    St     Louii 

1 

Exhibition 

3,500 

Parcels-post 

188,543 

89.72 

^V                                                             OSKREAL   IHPOKTS.                                                9S1     1 

GejiRiu.t«  TicpoiiTS  tHTo  Tfts  Ooi^inr  of  Nbw  ZEAUUirD  duadto  ld05— <:ofi/tnfiiil.    1 

VaJuA  of 

Total 
Imports. 

Botwed  for  Home 

Articles. 

Total  Qaaatllles 
InipoiriBd. 

Consoinptlon  on 

Importalioa  anct 

ejK  Warehouse. 

Amount  of 
Duty  rec«lT«€ 

Excj^ic  Duties, 

£ 

£    p.     S 

tMM0co,  manufikotared 

11 

910    6    i 

Oip« 

*  * 

^ , 

, , 

72  13    \ 

dgamtes  m&d«  by,  hand  . . 

.. 

.  * 

2    3    i 

Clgftreu«s    made     by    m»> 

ohineiy 

, , 

9    0    ( 

fhttniAiOOpceiA  imotaree,  es- 

muut,  extraoU,  and  medi- 

ciba]    fipirirs     conUtnmg 

Bare  than  50  per  cent,  of 

m     froofftpirils 

. . 

•  * 

2,240    d    i 

■  FliAnn&cof  ceia      tinctures, 

^1     fMences,     extracts,     and 
^1     mcdicmal  spiritHcontatC' 

■ 

|      ing  less  than  50  per  cent. 

am     of  proof  •pint!  . . 

t » 

» • 

15  13     fl 

ni  (Xdtcafy     and     flftvoaring 

rawncvii 

.. 

154  19    Q 

Pv^ttiaed  fptrits. , 

.  • 

50    0    Q 

foilit  pr#»parfttioTis 

12  3  a 

The  Cook  Islands^  atid  Niue  or  Savage  Island,  now  part  of  New  Zea« 

Und,  have  not  been  considered  in  the  table  of  imports  m;vie  up  by  the 

Department  of  Trade  and  Costoms.     Details  of  goods  received  from  those 

ifiljuids  in  1905  are  given  on  page  262. 

Customs  Rkvenub, 

The  Customs  and   excise  duties  received  during  the  last   five 

years  are  shown  in  detail,  also  the  rate  of  revenue  per  head  of  mean 

population,  inclusive  and  exclosive  of  Maoris,  for  each  year  :— 

1«U.             39Q8L 

1909. 

19M. 

1905. 

Customs  Dutibs. 

Jl 

£               £ 

2 

£ 

Bpirjta 

WlBO 

478,816 

483,582     498,256 

630,664 

609,928 

35,864 

36,745 

35,7  U 

35,018 

33,072 

Ate,  bf «f,  Ac. 

18,849 

20,152 

20,41S 

20,351 

21,827 

Cigars,  cigareltes^  and  enufi 

90,490 

94,992 

107,834- 

110,151 

121,435 

Tobacco  , , 

296,016 

294,272 

322,227 

341,127 

348,600 

Tta 

45»1K)5 

42,405 

43,60f- 

4,838 

634 

Coffee «  cocoa»  &c.  . , 

4,G47 

5,288 

5,95! 

6.884 

6,136 

Bcgtit  and  molassoe 

173.055 

185,484 

192,675 

200.266 

196,736 

Opiutp     ., 

6.618 

♦i71 

n9& 

M73 

♦204 

outer  goods  by  weight 

151,286 

166,687 

184,951 

198,331 

201,498 

ad  valorem 

808,531 

867,209 

982, 80( 

1,098.387 

1,097,968 

Other  duties           ..             ..  !      50,:il6 

65,219 

76, 24.^ 

79,758 

75,000 

Parcels  poet 

22^405 

22,737 

31,031^ 

34,341 

39,728 

Tota)ii,  Oustomfl  duties 

3.191,798 

2,285,04313,501.896 

2,650,189 

2,652,666 

..„...„.„„«             J 

M 

282 


MBW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOX. 


1901. 


1908. 


1903. 


1904. 


1905. 


Excise  Duties. 
Tinotures — New  Zealand    . . 
Cigars,  cigarettes,  and  snuff 

— New-  Zealandmanufao- 

tured    . . 
Tobacco  —  New  -  Zealand  - 

manufactured    . . 
Beer — New  Zealand 

Totals,  excise  duties    . . 


£ 
•2,198 

£ 
t2.454 

£ 
:8,56(^ 

£    1           i 
§8.450       ||2,^ 

174 

190 

871 

466 

2,596 
89,185 

2,096 
89,742 

1,651 
94,440 

1,061            < 
97.38l!      97,4 

94,153 

94,482 

100,0221 

102,808 

100,i 

^ 

8.     d.     £ 

s.   d. 

£    8.  d.  '  £ 

1 

8.    d.  1  £    8.  ( 

2 

2 

16    4     2  17     8 
18    5     2  14    4 

8     1    0 
2  17  10 

8    2    9    Is    1    < 

2  19    8     2  18 

0 
0 

2    5     0 
2    3-6  0 

2    4-4 
2    8 

0    2    5-3  0 
0    2    8-8  0 

! 

2    610    2 
2    36  0    2 

Revenue  from  Customs  duties 
per  head  of  mean  popula-  | 
tion  (excluding  Maoris)    . . 

Ditto  (including  Maoris)     . . 

Revenue  from  excise  duties 
per  head  of  mean  popula- 
tion (excluding  Maoris     . . 

Ditto  (including  Maoris)     . . 


*  Including  £173  duty  on  culinary  flavouring  essences,  and  £19  on  perfcui 
spirits.  t  Including  £183  excise  duty  on  calinary  and  flavouring  essences,  £5  perfiu 
spirits,  and  £1  toilet  preparations.  t  Including  £103  excise  dutv  on  culinary  i 
flavouriog  essences.  |  lacluding  £281  excise  duty  on  culinary  and  flavouring  68seo< 
and  £8  toilet  preparations.  n  Including  £165  excise  duty  on  culinary  and  flavoui 
essences,  and  £62  toilet  preparations. 

The  Customs  revenue  for  the  year  1905  amounted  to  £2,652,6( 
and  the  excise  duties  to  £100,919.  The  revenue  from  Customs  v 
£3  Is.  per  head  of  population  excluding  Maoris,  and  £2  18s.  '. 
if  they  be  included.  In  1890  the  Customs  revenue  was  £2  98.  J 
per  head  of  European  population,  and  the  proportion  increai 
to  £2  lis.  Gd.  in  1892.  During  the  next  two  years  there  wag 
falling-off ;  but  1895  and  following  years,  except  for  a  slight  fall 
1901,  show  increases,  the  proportion  for  1904  being  higher  th 
in  any  year  since  1878.     Details  for  sixteen  years  are  given  : — 


Customs  Revenue  per  Head  of  European  Popolation. 


1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 


£     8.    d. 

£    s. 

2     9     3 

1  1898 

.    a  IS 

2     9     7 

1  1899 

.    a  14 

2  11     G 

1  1900 

.     2  16 

2  10     4 

1  1901 

.     2  16 

2     6     4 

!  1902 

.     2  17 

2     6     9 

;  1903 

.     3     1 

2     9  11 

!  1904 

.     3    2 

2  13     0 

1905 

.     3     1 

Dating  from  1890,  the  taxation  by  way  of  Customs  and  exc 
duties  together  increased  from  £2  lis.  2d.  in  that  year  to  £2  19s.  ! 
in  1900,  declined  to  £2  18s.  9d.  in  1901,  increasing  to  £3  5s.  ! 
in  1904.     For  the  year  1905,  althougli  the  collections  under  th< 


CUSTOMS   REVEKDB.  28^ 

heads  show  an  increase,  the  amount  per  head  of  population  was 
£3  33.  4d.,  a  decrease  on  the  previous  year*s  total  of  Is.  lOd,  per 
bead. 

Besides  an  alteration  of  tariff  in  ld9f)  in  certain  items,  in  the 
jmr  1900  certain  duties  were  lowered  and  exemptions  granted. 
The  duty  on  tea  was  brought  to  2d.  per  pound,  instead  of  4d,  ; 
currants  and  raisins  were  lowered  to  Id.  per  pound  ;  candles  to  Id.  ; 
cocoa  and  roasted  coffee  to  3d,  There  was  also  reduction  on  stearine 
for  match-noaking,  on  paraffin-wax,  and  wax  matches.  The  duty  on 
patent  and  proprietary  medicines  was  made  15  percent.,  also  that  on 
certain  drugs  and  chemicals,  while  the  charge  on  steam-engines, 
or  parts  thereof,  became  5  per  cent.  Various  exemptions  came  into 
force. 

With  these  circumstances  there  has  heen  a  greater  import  of  tax- 
able articles,  which  would  seem  to  indicate  that  purchasing-power 
bad  increased.  It  is  at  least  certain  that  the  value  of  imports  rose 
from  Je5,990,177  (excluding  specie)  in  1894  to  £12,481,178  in  1905, 
w^hile  the  changes  of  tariff  were  effected. 

The  Customs  revenue  for  1905  was  increased  by  the  sura  of 
£64,327  in  consequence  of  "The  Preferential  and  Reciprocal  Trade 
Act,  1903,"  bat  the  exemption  in  favour  of  British* grown  tea  has 
resulted  in  a  considerable  loss  of  revenue.  The  duty  collected  on  all 
tea  imported  in  1903  was  £43,606,  while  in  1905  only  £5,534  was 
received.  The  preferential  duties  which  have  been  imposed  on 
articles  not  British  produce  or  manufacture  are  stated  on  page  111, 
following  the  main  tariff,  and  the  provisions  of  the  Act  as  to  reci- 
procity, &c  will  be  found  set  out  in  a  special  article  in  Part  III, 
Bat,  for  convenience,  a  full  statement  is  also  given  of  the  original 
r&tee  and  additional  duties  further  on  in  this  section. 

The  tariff  (general  and  preferential),  as  before  stated,  has 
bddD  given  in  full  in  Part  I.  (see  paiges  94  to  112).  The  Tates 
of  duty  levied  include  16s.  per  gallon  on  spirits  ;  308,  per  gallon 
on  perfumed  spirits;  7s.  per  pound  on  cigars  and  snuff;  17s.  6d. 
per  1,000,  of  2^1b.  and  under,  and  6d.  per  ounce  weight  over 
2^  lb.  per  1,000,  on  cigarettes;  also  Ss.  6d.  per  pound  on  manu- 
factured and  2s.  on  unmanufactured  tobacco.  Sparkling  wine  is 
charged  9s.  a  gallon  ;  Australian,  5s. ;  other  kinds,  6s. ;  ale  and 
beer,  28.  The  duty  on  cocoa,  chocolate,  and  chicory  is  3d.  per  lb, ; 
raw  coffee,  2d. ;  roasted,  3d.  Tea  produced  in  British  dominions 
is  free  (from  the  Slst  March,  1904),  except  in  packets  not  exceeding 
1  lb.  in  weight,  when  the  duty  ia  2d.  per  lb.,  and  the  same  duty  is 
chargeable  on  tea  of  foreign  production.  Sugar,  molasses,  and 
treacle  pay  ^i.,  and  glucose  Id.  per  pound-  Opium  is  charged 
iOs.  per  pound,  but  this  article,  in  a  form  suitable  for  smoking, 
cannot  now  be  legally  imported*  The  Opium  Prohibition  Acts, 
1901  and  1902,  make  the  importation  or  possession  of  opium  suitable 
for  smoking  illegal.  The  remainder  of  the  Customs  revenue,  with 
small  exception,  is  made  up  of  charges  on  goods  by  weight,  ad  valorem 


284 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    YBAB-BOOK. 


duties,  ranging  from  5  to  40  per  cent.,  and  receipts  from  the  foreign 
parcels-post.  There  is  also  an  excise  duty  of  Is.  per  pound  on 
tobacco;  Is.  6d.  per  pound  on  cigars,  cigarettes,  and  snuff;  3d.  per 
gallon  on  beer;  9d.  per  pound  on  tinctures,  &c.,  manufactured  in 
the  colony,  containing  more  than  50  per  cent,  of  proof  spirit,  and 
3d.  per  pound  when  less  than  50  per  cent.  Also,  12s.  per  gallon  on 
culinary  and  flavouring  essences,  and  20s.  on  perfumed  spirits. 

By  *'  The  Tobacco  Excise  Duties  Act,  1896,"  the  excise  duty  on 
cigarettes  made  in  the  colony  is  now  (from  the  31st  December,  1896) 
2s.  6d.  per  pound  on  machine-made  and  Is.  per  pound  on  hand-made 
cigarettes. 

''The  Tobacco  Act  Amendment  Act,  1896,"  enacts  that  all 
packages  of  manufactured  tobacco  shall  be  labelled  before  leaving 
the  manufactory,  and  provides  for  the  issue  of  warrants  to  use 
cutting-machines  for  cutting  duty-paid  manufactured  tobacco  for 
sale  (or  to  be  used  in  the  manufacture  of  cigarettes  by  hand),  and  to 
manufacture  cigarettes  by  hand,  under  certain  conditions. 

The  duties  authorised  by  **  The  Timber  Export  Act,  1901,"  and 
''The  Timber  Export  Duty  Act,  1903,"  will  be  found  given  on 
page  110  in  detail,  with  the  full  tariff. 

'*  The  Preferential  and  Reciprocal  Trade  Act,  1903." 

The  following  goo:is  are  liable  to  an  additional  duty  under  the 
above  Act  when  not  the  produce  or  manufacture  of  some  part  of 
the  British  dominions  : — 


Rate 

prescribed  by 

the  Tariff. 


Additional  Dnij 

when 

of  Foreifnx 

Production  or 

Manufacture. 


Cement   . . 

Hasket   and    wick-r  ware    n.o.e.,    njt   being  I 

furni'.ure  ■ 

Bicycles,  tricycles,  and  th^  like  vehicles ;  alM  i 

finished    or    partly    finished   or   machined 

p;iri8   o(    same    n.o.e.,    including   weldless 

steel  tubing  cut  to  short  lengths 
Boots,   shoes,    and    slippers    n.o.e. ;  goloshes, 

clog<«,  pattens,  vamps,  uppers,  and  laoes 
Can.iles  . .  . .  . .  . .  . .  ' 


Carriages,   carts,   drays,  wagons,  peranabula- 

tors,  and  wheels  for  the  same 
China,  porcelain,  and  parian  ware  . . 
Clocks     . . 

Cordage  and  rope  no. c. 
Cream  of  tartar 

Earthenware,  stoneware,  and  brown  ware 
Fancy  goods  and  toys 
Firearms,  all  kinds 


28.  the  barrel 
2o  p.c.  ad  val. 

'20 


22i 

Id.  the  lb.  or 
package)  of 
that  reputed 
weight 

20  p.o.  ad  val. 

20 

20 

20 

Id.  the  lb. 

20  p.c.  ad  val. 

20 

20 


28.  the  b  irrel. 
10  p.c.  ad  val. 

10 


Hi         . 

^d.  the  lb.  or 
I  package  of 
I  that  reputed 
j      weight. 

10  p.o.  ad  val. 

10 

10 

10 

}d.  the  lb. 

10  p.o.  ad  tal. 

10 

10 


PBBFBBBNTIAL   AND  BECIPKOCAL   TRADE   ACT. 


285 


Kate 

prescrilied  by 

the  Tariff. 


Additional  Duty 

when 

of  Foreign 

Production  or 

Manufacture. 


Fbh,  p3tied  and  preserved 


2d.  the  lb.   or  j  Id.    the    lb.    or 

package    of  i      package    of 

that  reputed  that     r<  puted 

weight  I      weight. 

25  p.o.  ad  val.  12}  p.o.  ad  val. 

28.    the    100  Is.  the  100  sup. 

sup.  ft.  ft. 

20  p.o.  <ul  val.  10  p.o.  ad  val. 


Pamitare  and  oabinetware  n.o.e.,  and  other 

than  iron 
OlaM,  orown,  theet,  and  oommon  window    . . 

GlftMware ;  alno  plate  glass,  and  glass  polished, 

eoloared,  and  other  kinds  n.o.e. ;  globes  and 

efaimneys  for  lamps 
Hardware,  ironmongery,  and  hoUoware 

lion  nails 

Iran  pipes,  and  fittings  for  same,  including 
mainooeks 

Lamps,  lanterns,  and  lamp- wick 

Ua^ieal  instruments — viz.,  pianos  . . 

Paperhangings 

Paper,  wrapping — vis.,  blue  candle,  glazed 
cap,  glased  oasings,  small-hand,  lumber- 
hand,  and  tissue 

Psptr,  wrapping,  other  kiodi*,  iooluding 
brown,  cartridge,  and  sugar  papers 

Plate  and  platedware 

Pomps  and  other  apparatus  for  raising  water 

B  cycles  and  triojoles,  fittings  for  —  viz., 
rabber  tires,  pneumatic  tires,  outside 
coTers,  and  inner  tubes ;  rubber  and  cork 
bandies,  and  pedal-rubbors  ;  also  drop- 
forgingH  and  stampings,  ball-bearings,  weld- 
less  steel  tube  in  full  lengths,  rims,  forks, 
and  spokes  in  the  rough 

Gis  engines  and  hammers,  and  oil-engines   . . 

Gam  boots 

Iron  and  steel  cordage 

Iron,  plain  black  sheet,  rod,  bolt,  bar,  and 
plate 

Printing- paper* 

Rails  for  railways  and  tramways*    . . 

Sail-cloth,  canvas,  and  unbleached  double- 
warped  duck 

Surgical  and  dental  instruments  and  ap- 
pliances 

Tea4         ..  .  ..  ..iPree     (except    2d.    the   lb.     (If 

when         in        of      foreign 
packets      not  ^      growth.) 
•     exceeding  1  lb. 

_  •     in  weight). 

*  See  next  page. 

tAll  tea  of  foreign  growth  is  liable  to  a  duty  of  2d.  the  lb.  Tea  Rrown  in  any 
pritith  poesession  is  only  liable  to  duty  at  2d.  the  lb.  when  in  packets  noi  exceeding  1  lb 
in  weight. 


20  p.c.  ad.  val.  10  p.c.  ad  val. 

I  6d.  the  lb.      . .  3d.  the  lb. 

I  2s.  the  cwt.  . .  Is.  the  cwt. 

5  p.c.  ad  val.  2}  p.c.  ad  val. 

20  .  10  . 

20  .  10  . 

15  .  7J  . 

58.  the  cwt.  ..  2^.  6d.  the  owt. 


53.  ...     28.  6d 

20  p.o.  ad  val.      10  p.c.  ad  val. 
20  ,  10  . 

Free  ..20 


20 

L>0 

20 
20 

20 

20 
20 

20 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   yBAB-BOOK. 


Esitract  from  •*  The  Pnftreniial  and  B^Hproeal  Trade  Act,  1903.*"^ 

BzBmpbio&i  frooi  provistoai  of  McUoaa  t  and  i. 

4.  The  provlBiodB  o(  Beotioos  two  And  three  hereof  shiktl  not  be  &ppl)OAble  in 
the  case  oi — 

{a.)  Goods  imported  on  or  before  the  thirtj^-first  dey  of  March,  one  thoacand 
Dine  hundred  and  four,  if  it  ie  proved  to  the  mtiefaction  of  the  CoUeotor 
chat  hn  order  for  the  goods  was  sent  from  New  Zealand  on  or  beforf 
ihe  sixteenth  day  of  November,  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and 
three  < 

{b.)  Printing  papere  imported  by  and  for  the  use  of  the  proprietors  of  any 
registered  newspaper,  if  it  ia  proved  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Collector 
that  they  are  imparted  under  a  valid  contract  for  the  supply  o(  each 
papers  for  a  period  not  exceeding  three  years,  entered  into  prior  to 
the  sixteenth  day  of  November,  one  thoueand  nine  hundred  and 
three, 

(c.)  Rails  for  tramways  and  other  gocdp  mentioned  in  the  Scbedulea  hereto 
directly  imported  before  the  thirty -first  day  of  March,  one  thoufiand 
nine  hundred  and  six^  for  use  in  tbe  Gonstraction  or  equipment  of  any 
tramway  for  which  plans  and  specifioations  have  been  completed  or 
are  io  oourse  of  preparation  on  the  passing  of  thia  Act. 


In  connection  with  the  subject  of  preferential  duties,  tables 
annexed  to  illostrate  the  position  in  regard  to  two  specially  selected 
important  foreign  States  at  the  time  the  additional  duties  were 
authorised.  The  table  for  United  States  also  exhibits  the  fact  that 
free  goods  have  been  introduced  at  a  far  greater  rate  than  those  which 
paid  duty  since  the  year  1896  : — 


Imports  from  United  STATisa  of  Amkbioa. 


h 

On  the  Kaet  Oo%sl. 

Do  the  Wml  Co»st. 

Tot&I  Imports. 

^     Ye«. 

Adioit!ed 

On  whkh 

Admitted 

On  wliiob 

Admitted 

On  which 

Free 

Duty 

Free 

Duty 

Fnw 

Dttiv 
P^yhtdA. 

of  Duty. 

Pb^ftble. 

of  Duty. 

Pftyabl». 

of  Duty. 

JL 

£ 

£ 

M 

M 

£ 

1896 

127.235 

292,451 

20,663 

52,483 

147.898 

344, 94& 

1S97 

155,780 

866,209 

24,906 

81,199 

180,636 

447,408 

1B98 

282.332 

416,223 

27,477 

72,379 

909,809 

4dO,60S 

1309 

250,656 

437,250 

31,359 

56,044 

282,015 

493,294 

1900 

377,569 

5S0.717 

42.567 

61.020 

420,136 

641 .737 

1901 

618,312 

556,433 

146.023 

94.41*2 

•764,336 

650,925 

ID02 

627,525 

619.050 

53,661 

118,701 

581,166 

737,751 

1903 

622. 5B1 

716,954 

57,430 

144.393 

580,011 

861,847 

1904 

629,560 

679,742 

61,509 

167.104 

681,069 

846,846 

1905 

541,685 

668,933 

64.415 

173,468 

596,100 

842,401 

*  Of  Ibii  lam  £1OOJ07  yalue  w«s  for  OoTerntneiit  uaot. 


FBINCIPAL   ARTICLES   IBfPORTBD   FROM   UNITED    STATES. 


287 


To  show  the  nature  of  the  imports  from  the  United  States  of 
America  a  statement  giving  the  articles  and  values  thereof  for  the 
year  1905  is  introduced.  Examining  the  figures,  it  will  be  found 
that  tobacco  to  the  value  of  £155,085  was  imported  into  New  Zealand 
last  year ;  boots  and  shoes,  £61,150 ;  oils,  £171,763 ;  hardware,  &c., 
iron  and  steel,  with  machinery,  tools  and  implements,  &c.,  came  to 
£403,632.  The  rest  is  a  very  miscellaneous  list  of  articles,  to  which 
:frait  contributed  more  than  £40,000. 


liiBT   OP  Principal  Articles  imported  from  United  States  of 

America  in  1905. 


Apparel  and  slops,  n.o.e. 
Armi,  ommiinition,  &«. 
Belting,  other  than  leather. . 
BicyoleB  and  trioyoles 
Biejeles  and  tricjoles,  ma- 

tearials  for 
Books,  fto.,  printed 
Boots  and  shoes 
Brass,  manufactures 
Broehware  and  brooms 
Bailding  materials 
OanTas 
Cards,  playing 
Carriages,  &c. — 

Automobiles,    motor  cars, 
and  motor  cycles 

Carriages 

Carts,  drays,  perambulators, 
&c.       .. 

Materials  for 
Clocks 
Coffee,  raw 
Confectionery 
Cordage    .. 
Cotton  piece-goods. . 
Cutlery     .. 
Drapery    . . 
Drugs,  chemicals,  and  drug 

gists'  wares 
Engine-packing 
Fancy  goods  and  toys 
Felt  sheathing 
Fish,  potted  and  preseryed  . . 
Foods,  farinaceous . . 
Fruits,  bottled  and  preserved 
Fruits,  dried 
Fruits,  fresh 
Furniture,  cabinetware,  and 

upholstery 
Furniture,  knife,   and    plate 

powder  and  polish 
Qlass  bottles,  empty 
Glassware 
Grain  and  pulse 


£ 

£ 

11,808 

Grease 

2.583 

16.041 

Grindery    . . 

3,214 

2,027 

Haberdashery 

4,768 

2,246 

Hardware,     holloware.     and 

ironmongery 

39,085 

5,532 

Indiarubber  and  gutta-percha 

8,796 

goods 

3,327 

61,150 

Ink,  printing            . .  ^ 

1.771 

1,848 

Instruments,  musical 

5.462 

2,574 

Instruments,  other  kind? 

11.546 

6,713 

Iron  and  steel 

103.316 

3,875 

Lamps,  lanterns,  and  lamp- 

1.064 

wick        

11,137 

Leather 

22,372 

Leather  manufactures 

3.769 

8,758 

Machinery  and  machines— 

3,811 

Agricultural   (including 

agricultural  implements  i 
Agricultural— ploughs  am 

.53,479 

1.047 

16.045 

harrows 

3,490 

9,212 

Dairying 

4,289 

1,040 

Electric 

41.325 

2,453 

Engines,  gas  and  oil 

19,849 

1,493 

Gas-making 

6,938 

11.308 

Mining.. 

2.555 

1,228 

Printing 

2.742 

2,669 

Refrigerating 

3,752 

Sewing 

22,832 

16,674 

Woodworking      . . 

6,550 

2.095 

Other    .. 

32,676 

10,260 

Manures,  unenumerated 

1,117 

3.105 

Marble,  and  manufactures  of 

1.629 

4,726 

Medicines,  patent    and    pro- 

4.383 

prietary 

10,532 

18,918  1 

Metal,  manufactures  of— 

26,986  1 

typewriters 

3,995 

13,. 335 

weighbridges  and 

weighing-machines 

3,797 

12,660 

unenumerated 

18,183 

Nails 

24,631 

3,814  ' 

Oils- 

3,303  . 

Kerosene 

137,515 

7,348 

Other  kinds 

34,248 

2.247 

Onions 

7,115 

288 


NKW    EBALAND   OmCIAL   TXAB-BOOK. 


List  of  Principal  Articlbs  imported  from    United  States  of 
America  in  1905 — continued. 


Paints  and  colours  - 

£ 

Sausage  skins 

£ 
10,684 

ground  in  oil 

1,740 

Seeds,  grass 

and  cloTer 

7,475 

mixed  ready 

for  use..         5,802 

Soap 

8.095 

unenumerated                     1,925 

Spirite    .. 

, , 

1,841 

Paper  bags 

2,027 

Siationery, 

manniactared 

4.d27 

Paperhangings 

2.163 

< 

other 

7,625 

Paper— 

Stone 

1.046 

Prioting 

28,429 

Sugar,  glucose 

3,660 

Wr.tiDg 

1,584 

Timber  .. 

4,876 

Other  kinds 

2,H07 

Tinware  . . 

, , 

1,885 

Perfumery 

2,379 

Tobacco,  manufacfeurod 

..     103.687 

Photographic  goods 

2,645 

cigars 

5,620 

Picturts,     paintings,     draw. 

cigarettes 

45.778 

ing(),  &o. 

1,994 

To(  Is  and  implements 

60.754 

Piciure  frames  and  mount? . .         1 , 735 

Tramway  plant 

17,849 

Plasterof-paris 

1,682 

Turpentine. 

tarebin^,    a 

id 

Plate  and  plated  ware           . .         2,074 

driers    .. 

, , 

19,774 

Potatoes  .. 

7.181 

Varnish  and 

gold-sise 

9,557 

Pf  in  ting  materials 

1,681 

Watches  .. 

, , 

8.600 

Pro vit- ions — eggs    . . 

1.227 

Wax,  paraffin.  &c... 

6,09T 

Provisions,  n.o.e.  . . 

2,052 

Woodenware,  mouldings 

6,448 

Pumps 

4,016 

• 

other 

90,915 

Railway  plant 

1,487 

Oihf  r  imports 

49.850 

Saddlery  and  harness                      1 , 949 

* 

materials 

£1,488.501 

for 

1.354 

Imports  from  Ge 

RMANY,   1896-1905. 

1 

1  Admitted  Free  i  0 

D  which  Duty 

Proportions  per  Cent 

Vttar 

I  ttar. 

1        of  Duty.        1 

Payable. 

Admitted  Free 

On  which 

•  1         23,404 

of  Duty. 

Duty  Payable. 

1806 

£ 
77,977 

2308 

7692 

1897 

29,101 

127,965 

18-53 

81-47 

1898 

.  '         29,957 

123,145 

19-57 

80-43 

1899 

.  i         34,937 

125,668 

21-76 

78-24 

1900 

.',         39,149         ' 

142,925 

21-50 

78-50 

1901 

.  1         40,377 

158,144 

20-33 

7967 

1902 

.  ,         46,084 

164,476 

21-89 

7811 

1903 

70,191 

204,106 

25-59 

74-41 

1904 

.  1         69.594 

239,210 

22-54 

77  46 

1905 

64,920 

212,547       i 

23-40 

7660 

Among  the  imports  from  Germany  the  principal  items  in  value 
were  musical  instruments,  fancy  goods  and  toys,  iron  and  steel, 
machinery,  hardware,  &c.,  and  glassware. 


FBlNOIFAIi  ARTICLES  IlfPOBTBD  FROM    OBRHAMT. 


289 


List  of  Principal  Articles  imported  from  Germany  in  1905. 


Adds,  ac«tio 

1,260 

Apparel  and  slops,  n.o.e. 

8,367 

6uketwar«  and  wiokerware  . . 

1,082 

Boots  and  shoes 

2,899 

Bnuhware  and  brooms 

2,181 

Building  materials  . . 

2,076 

Ouna,  porcelain,  and  parian- 

ware 

6,208 

Clocks 

1,840 

Ootton  piece-goodfi  . . 

2,116 

GnUery 

1,708 

Dapery      .. 

8,620 

Drug#,  cbemioals,   and  drug- 

gists' wares 

4,987 

Dyes           

1,167 

Eerthenware 

1,770 

fsDoy  goods  and  toys 

28,706 

Fictarms    .. 

1,122 

Pnmiiare,    cabinetware,    and 

apholstery 

6,478 

Qlass— 

Bottles,  empty     . . 

2,162 

Other  kinds 

1,262 

Glassware  .. 

11,080 

1,249 

Hardware,  hoUoware,  ard  iron- 

mongery.. 

10,249 

Hosiery 

2,126 

Instruments,  mosioal — 

Pianos    .. 

47,368 

Other  kinds 

1,789 

Instruments,  other  kinds 

1,680 

Iron  and  steel 

12,067 

Lamps,  lanterns,  and  lamp- 

wick      

7,941 

Leather    .. 

1,336 

Machinery  and  machines    . . 

10,004 

Manures  .. 

9,488 

Matches  and  vestas 

1.076 

Metal,  manufactures  of 

1,909 

Nails 

8,040 

Naptha  (wood) 

1,852 

Paperhangings 

2.836 

Paper,  printing      . . 

3,269 

,      other  kinds.. 

3,621 

Picture-frames  and  mounts. . 

1,030 

Plate  and  platedware 

1.365 

Seeds  (grass  and  clover) 

6,928 

Spirita 

3,967 

Stationery  (manufactured)  . . 

2,942 

other    .. 

4,036 

Textile  piece-goods 

1,468 

Tobacco    .. 

1,822 

Tobacco  pipes  and  cases,  &c. 
Tools  and  implements 

1,761 

2,648 

Wooden  ware  (mouldings)    . . 

4,979 

Woollen  piece-goods 

3,101 

Zinc  (plain  sheet)  . . 
Other  imports 

.    8,128 

26,240 

Total.!.. 

£-277,467 

10-Ybk. 


SECTION   VIII.--EXPORTS  AND  TOTAL  TRADE. 

Thb  quantities  and  values  of  exports  used  in  making  up  the  figui 
given  in  this  portion  of  the  statistical  information  are  obtained  frc 
Customs  entries.  In  estimating  the  value  of  exports  the  **  free 
board  in  New  Zealand"  value  is  given,  and,  as  regards  the  ma 
items,  tbe  Collector  of  Customs  examines  carefully  the  amour 
stated,  and  compares  them  with  current  price-lists,  to  prevent  ai 
overestimate.  As  a  further  safeguard,  the  values  of  wool,  froz* 
meat,  oats,  wheat,  tallow,  phormium  fibre,  butter,  and  cheese  a 
submitted  tp  the  various  Chambers  of  Commerce  for  their  approi 
prior  to  the  publication  of  the  figures.  Goods  transhipped  are  i 
garded  as  destined  for  the  counti-y  where  it  is  intended  to  lai 
them. 

The  value  of  all  the  exports  in  1905,  inclusive  of  specie  (£13,871 
was  £15.655,947.  The  value  of  New  Zealand  produce  exporte 
£15,503,530,  gives  an  average  of  £17  I6s.  5d.  per  head  of  populatio 
against  £17  5s.  7d.  for  the  previous  year.  The  increase  in  t 
value  of  exports  of  New  Zealand  produce  for  1905  in  respect 
that  for  1904  amounts  to  £901,743,  or  618  per  cent. 

While  a  considerable  increase  is  noticeable  in  the  value  of  expoi 
of  New  Zealand  produce  for  1905  when  compared  with  that  for  19 
(£901,743),  the  imports,  on  the  other  hand,  have  already  been  shov 
to   have   fallen   from    £13,291,694   to   £12,828,857,   a  decrease 
£462,837. 

The  balance  of  trade  was  at  the  end  of  last  year  as  under  : — 

£ 
Exports,  1905  15,655,947 

ImportB,     .  ..  12,823,857 


Excess  of  exports  for  year  . .         £2,827,090 

The  (Ufference  is  greater  than  that  shown  for  the  previo 
year  (1904),  when  the  balance  of  trade  in  favour  of  the  colony  w 
only  £1,456,654. 

Exports  to  Differe?U  Countries. 

The  values  of  exports  for  the  years  1895  and  1905  to  the  Unit 
Kingdom,  the  Australian  States,  with  other  British  possessions,  a 


DIV 

\GHm  No    ? 

EXPORTS. 

RISE  IN  VALUE  OF  EXPOfiTS  FROM  NEW  ZEALAND, 

189&,  1900,  and  1905. 

Foreign  SUtoe 

, 

£9TO.337-* 

Foreip  SUtes 

Britiftli  Poaetiioni 
£2.591,002. 

' 

£654.039- 

BntUli  ?onan)ODi 

^H 

n.m,m. 

Tfoitad  Eiogdom 
illOSTJia 

fonign  Stat«i 
X413,516/ 

United  {Cingdam 

siMim 

X102S9,342 

United  Kingdam 

^.045,846, 

MJbdOmA.                         SUmMl                        Mlh,6bbMT 

k 

Imi.im,                           JmrAm.                          Tetr.  1905. 

p 

L 

'  IndniM  in  fomtn  Smm  w«  miimhI*  to 

m 

Ditlb4  SUUg  of  liD(!ne»                                  QinButy 

m 

1«9&    £316  639                                            £l4Hi 

^H                               i«oo.  imiot                            XMiw                                        1 

q 

im  mim                              tmm. 

^■i%<^^ 


II 


TitDEN  '■>_;;.: 


BXPOBTB  TO   DIFFERENT   COUNTRIES. 


291 


to  foreign  countries,  show  the  extent  and  development  of  outward 
trade  ia  regard  to  its  distribution,  considered  for  such  period  : — 


Countries. 

1895. 
£ 

1005. 
£ 

Unitei)  King<1om  . . 

.     7.045,646 

12,087,818 

New  S<>uih  Wales 

6-25, 691 

1,321,358 

Victoria  . . 

350,931 

866,989 

Queensland 

20,364 

10,141 

Western  Atistralia 

19,049 

36.043 

South  Austialia    .. 

12,089 

33,897 

Tasmania 

7.009 

26,598 

Oilier  British  possessions 

55,809 

21)6,831 

Uiii led  States 

316.639 

716,301 

Other  foreign  porto 

96.877 

260,026 

£8.550,224    £15,655,947 

A  comparison  for  the  period  1896-1905  of  the  value  of  the  export 
trade  with  the  United  Kingdom,  Briiish  colonies  and  possessions, 
and  foreign  countries,  exhibits  an  increase  of  about  126  per  cent. 
in  case  of  exports  to  foreign  States,  against  a  rise  of  92  per  cent. 
in  value  of  goods  sent  to  British  possessions,  calculated  on  very 
much  greater  figures.  The  exports  to  the  United  Kingdom  have 
risen  about  60  per  cent,  in  the  decade. 


Ye*r. 


1896 
18'J7 
1898 
1899 
1000 
1001 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 

The  following  are  the  values  of  exports  to  different  countries  or 
places  in  1905  and  1904,  arranged  in  order  of  magnitude  of  increase 
or  decrease  in  ihe  later  year  to  each  : — 

Country.  Colony.  State.  Ac. 

^e»  South  Wnles 
Uuited  Kingrom 
'S^"'te«l  StHte*  of  America 
^P^  Colony   .. 

Q   ''^guese  East  Africa 


Exports  to 

Biiiish  Cnlouies 

'• 

United  Kingdom. 

and 

POBSeSBiODB. 

Foreign  States. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

7,541,981 

1,346,544 

432,580 

8,168.123 

1,380,502 

468,368 

8.265,499 

1,532,511 

710,945 

9,427.515 

1,850,239 

660,581 

10,2o9.342 

2,332,780 

654,039 

9. 295,. 375 

2,907.412 

678,637 

9,450,648 

3,577,815 

616,514 

11,3-J5,075 

2,821,608 

843,695 

11,876.273 

2,0H8,C.9l 

788,884 

12,087,818 

2,591,802 

976,327 

1905. 

1904. 

locrease. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

..       1,321,353 

843,720 

477,633 

.      12,0S7,818 

11,876,273 

211,545 

710,301 

598,921 

117,380 

02,404 

25,906 

36,498 

42,709 

12,420 

30,289 

48,903 

25,812 

23,151 

38,U58 

23,931 

15,027 

10,3«)4 

10,:^04 

7,649 

7,049 

26,598 

19,858 

6,740 

MEW   2BALAND   OFFIOfAL   YBJA-BOOK. 


Country,  Colony,  State,  ftc. 

1906. 

J 

1904. 

Inereaae 

£ 

Navigators  Islands 

45,185 

89,735 

5.400 

British  Columbia 

8,620 

8,541 

6.079 

Friendly  Islands 

39,434 

35,483 

4,001 

Denmark 

6,260 

3,080 

8,180 

Spain 

2,627 

, , 

2.627 

Japan 

3,544 

1,319 

2.225 

Society  Islands 

27,089 

25,067 

2.022 

Qaeensland    .. 

10,141 

8,214 

1,927 

New  Caledonia 

3,643 

2,166 

1,377 

Belgium          . . 

8,639 

7,314 

1,825 

Bengal 

4,240 

3,329 

911 

Caroline  Islands 

1,373 

546 

827 

Argentine  Republic 

1,734 

928 

806 

Transvaal  Colony 

1,452 

730 

722 

New  Britain     . 

1,226 

667 

559 

Mftiaen  ItJlaud 

555 

29 

526 

South  Atiatralia 

33,897 

33,502 

395 

West  IndioB 

866 

. , 

366 

Solomon  Islands 

1,882 

969 

863 

Egypt             

260 

260 

Marshall  Islands 

575 

825 

250 

Malta              

208 

,, 

208 

Italy               

118 

11 

107 

Banks  Island . . 

87 

, , 

87 

Bombay 

76 

80 

46 

Philippiue  Mandi 

56 

15 

41 

New  Hebrides 

65 

26 

89 

China 

100 

73 

27 

New  Guinea  . . 

7 

, , 

7 

Orange  River  Colony   . . 

18 

14 

4 

ChUi               

2 

, , 

2 

Peru.. 

1 

•• 

1 

Country,  Colony,  State,  Ac. 

1905. 

1904. 
£ 

Decrease 
£ 

Hong  Kong    . . 

13,589 

36,031 

22,442 

Natal               

113,062 

127,503 

14,441 

Fiji 

46,904 

55,621 

8,717 

Victoria 

866,939 

871,935 

4,996 

Western  Australia 

36,043 

40,393 

4,350 

Brazil 

865 

8,367 

2,502 

Fanning  Island 

100 

2,171 

2,071 

Holland 

466 

2,423 

1.957 

Uruguay 

8,137 

8,813 

676 

Norfolk  Island 

1,931 

2,332 

401 

Easter  Island 

390 

390 

Sandwich  Islands 

845 

1,219 

374 

Sweden 

168 

528 

360 

Uganda 

.                 •  • 

217 

217 

Caylon 

266 

425 

159 

Singapore 

581 

705 

124 

Switzerland    . . 

110 

218 

108 

Surprise  Island 

9 

71 

62 

Rhodesia 

1 

28 

27 

Burmah 

9 

16 

7 

Norway 

•                 •  • 

6 

6 

Russia            

■  • 

4 

4 

Madras           

19 

21 

2 

Austria 

S 

7 

1 

BXPOBT8. 


298 


Be-exports. 

The  re-export  trade  of  the  colony  would  seem  from  the  sub- 
joined figures  to  have  been  almost  stationary  for  the  last  twelve  years. 
The  re-exports  of  merchandise  in  1905  were  valued  at  £138,539, 
or  less  than  1  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports,  excluding  specie. 

ExpoBTs  OF  BamsH,  Fobbign,  and  othbb  Oolonial  Pboduob 
(bxcludihq  Spxcib). 


M 

M 

1894         .. 

. .     136,402 

1900 

..     168.009 

1895         .. 

..     127,966 

1901 

..     179.350 

1896         .. 

..     122.671 

1902 

..     136.860 

1897         .. 

..     144,966 

1903 

..     133,734 

1898         .. 

..     124,860 

1904 

..     186,963 

1899         .. 

..     123,682 

1906 

..     138.539 

With  these  sums  may  be  contrasted  the  re-export  trade  of  New 
SoQth  Wales — a  State  having  less  than  double  the  population  of 
New  Zealand — which,  exclusive  of  bullion  and  specie,  amounted 
in  1904  to  £5,680,829,  or  no  less  than  2107  per  cent,  of  the  value 
of  all  goods  exported. 

Exports  from  the  North  and  Middle  Islands. 

The  exports  from  the  North  and  Middle  Islands  respectively, 
excluding    '•  Parcels-post,"    during    the    last    five    years  were    as 


^der  :— 

Yeir. 

North  blAiid.             Middle  iBlaDd. 

Proportion  to 

Total  Export. 

I                                  £ 

North  Island. 

Middle  lAland. 

1901  .. 

..     6,077,724                6,787,546 

47-24 

52-76 

1902  .. 

..     7,085,275                6,543,389 

5199 

4801 

1903.. 

..     7,994,227                6,995.307 

53-33 

46-67 

1904  .. 

..     8,369,848               6,358,278 

56  88 

4317 

1905.. 

..     8,648,646               6,986.691 

55-31 

44-69 

The  North  Island  exported  in    1905 

more    than 

half    of    the 

total  for  the  two  Islands. 

Exports  from  Different  Ports,  dtc. 
The  following  table  gives  the  values  of  the  exports  from  each 
port  in  New  Zealand  for  the  years  1905, 1900,  1895,  1890,  arranged 
ui  order  of  magnitude  for  1905  : — 


294  nw    SEALAKD  OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 


1906. 
£ 

vxo. 

M 

1805. 

isoa 

Wellington 

..  8.035,803 

2,315,395 

1,140,854 

1,506,383 

Auckland 

..   2.643.495 

2.008.801 

1.302,075 

1,237,600 

LytWlton  and  Chrisicburch  2,459,034 

2.522,912 

1,635,881 

2,251,412 

Dunedin 

..   1,633,814 

1.478,071 

1,017,489 

1,117,011 

Timaru  . . 

..   1.042,403 

932.949 

474,658 

624,809 

Kapier  .. 

..   1,038.301 

770,169 

870.422 

963,520 

InvercargilPand  Bluff 

..       893,730 

741,750 

595,277 

475,997 

Poverty  Bay 

..       600,452 

450,125 

136,539 

183,700 

Now  Plymouth    . . 

..       484.663 

503,921 

108,846 

61,968 

Oreymouth 

..       412,396 

255,386 

257,065 

237,700 

Wanganui 

..       403,670 

886,960 

241,053 

118,615 

Patea     . . 

..       286,737 

87,717 

40,817 

34,706 

Oamaru 

..       201.641 

324,616 

300,893 

464,017 

Wairau  and.Picton 

218,093 

141,033 

123,365 

228,030 

Kaipara 

..       155.360 

144.680 

90.621 

100,978 

Nelson  .. 

81,173 

68,303 

63.727 

68,668 

Wcstport 

56,428 

45,897 

40.736 

43,956 

Hokitika 

27.919 

25,475 

74,646 

87,409 

Tauranga 

. . 

616 

1 

33 

During  the  period  covered  by  the  above  table  the  value  of  the 
exports  from  nearly  all  of  the  ports  was  substantial,  and  in  some 
cafcos  remarkable.  The  percentage  of  increase  for  the  four  chief 
pons  of  the  colony  was:  Auckland,  113  60;  Wellington,  101-53; 
Dunedin,  37-31  ;  and  Lyttelton,  9  22. 

Value  of  Articles  exported. 

A  comparative  table  showing  the  values  of  New  Zealand  domestic 
exports,  according  to  their  nature,  for  eighteen  years  will  be  found 
further  on,  with  comments.      The  development  for  the  period,  ex- 

Sitjssed  in  nioney  value,  is  from   seven  millions  and  a  quarter  to 
(toen  millions  and  a  quarter. 

But  first  a  comparative  statement  of  exports  according  to  value 
1^-  '>  years  is  given,  showing  the  amounts  for  various 

being  the  produce  or  manulacture  of  the  colony, 
)8: — 


BXPOBT8. 


295 


Valub  of  Pbincipal  Abticlbs  exported,  1904 
Tear  1904.         Tear  1005. 


The  Minx. 
Coal 
Gold 
Silver  and  minerals 

Total 

The  Fishbbibs. 

Pinh 

Ovstera 

Other 

Total 

The  Fobbbt. 

PnDKTis 

Kaiiri-gum     . . 
Tiinlier— 

Sftwn  and  hewn 

Other 

Total 

Animals  and  Pboduob. 
Bacon  and  bame 
Beef  and  pork  (salted) 

Butter 

Cheese 

Hides 

Livestock 

Prexerved  meats 

Proien  meat 

lUbbit-skins  . . 

San8age-f*kin8 

Shf^ep-skins  and  pelts  . . 

Tallow 

Wool 

Other 

Total 

AORICULTUBAL  PbODUCTS. 

Bran  and  sharps 
Chaff 
Ploar 
Grain- 
Barley 

Beans  and  peats 
Maize 
Malt 
Oau 
Wheat 
Hops 
Oatmeal 
Potatoes 

Seeds  lertL^s  and  clover) 
Other  kinds 

Totals      .. 


£  £ 

189.898  107,062 

1,987,501  2,003.986 

128.709  128.860 


AND  1905. 

Increase 

DecreaM 

in 

in 

1906. 

1905. 

£ 

£ 

32,836 

106.435 

6.151 

.. 

2.251,108      2.329.858  78.750 


18.284 
2.785 
2.693 

23,762 


21,166 
2,547 
1.994 

25.707 


2,882 


1,945 


238 
699 


11,156 

7,408 

, , 

3,758 

601.817 

661,444 

59,627 

•• 

254.021 

318,895 

64,874 

2,194 

3,668 

1,474 

•• 

769,188 

891,410 

122,222 

•• 

6.222 

4,405 

1,817 

10.601 

18,851 

3,250 

1,380,460 

1.408,557 

28,097 

185,486 

205.171 

19,685 

53,431 

98.826 

45,395 

.. 

37,733 

58,791 

16,058 

64,588 

74.451 

9,863 

2,793,599 

2,694,432 

99,167 

40,843 

66,983 

26,140 

56,484 

47,299 

9,135 

401,726 

500,744 

99,018 

3/>7,974 

347,888 

10,086 

4,678,826 

5,881,383 

707,507 

16,485 

28,790 

7,305 

10,079,408 

10,921,521 

842,118 

8,895 

13,268 

4,378 

474 

1,483 

1.009 

8.079 

8,685 

556 

13,822 

11,409 

1,918 

40,113 

38,858 

1,255 

53 

136 

88 

96 

, , 

96 

212,724 

99,664 

118,060 

126,035 

144,874 

18,339 

28,740 

20,088 

8,702 

548 

168 

885 

9,3G6 

8,017 

6,849 

95.S35 

80,598 

15,287 

19,963 

11,687 

8,826 

£559,248    £428,280 


£130,963 


296  NKW    ZBALAND   OPPICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 

Value  op  Principal  Articles  bxpobted,  1904  and  1905— continued. 

Increase       Decrease 
Tear  1904.        Tear  1906.  in  in 


1906. 

1905. 

Manufactores. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Apparel 

2,105 

2,817 

712 

Leather 

67,940 

60,966 

, . 

6,974 

Phormium  fibre           . .      * 

710,281 

696,467 

, , 

13,814 

Woollen  manufactures 

6,857 

7,102 

745 

, , 

Other  manufactures    . . 

109,679 

896,362 

22,716 

116,608 
882,960 

6,929 

•• 

Total 

•• 

13,402 

Miscellaneous 

23,794 

1,078 

•• 

Total  exports   (colonial   produce 

and  manufactures)  . . 

14,601,787 

15,603,530 

901,743 

Specie 

9,598 

13,878 

4,280 

Other     exports      (British     and 

foreign) 

136,968 

138,539 

1,576 

•• 

Total  exports  . .  £14,748,348  £16,655,947        907,599 

The  class  designated  **  Animals  and  Produce  *'  shows  by  far  th^ 
greatest  value,  the  sum  for  1905  being  £10,921,521,  which  include^- 
£5,381,333  for  wool  and  £2,694,432  for  frozen  meat.     The  totaL 
value  of  exports  in  this  class  increased  daring  the  year  by  £842,119* 
on  a  total  of  £10,079,408  in  1904. 

Although  the  value  of  wool  exported  in  1905  is  greater  than  that^ 
for  the  previous  year,  the  quantity  will  be  found  to  have  decreased. 

"The  Mine"  takes  second  place  among  the  classes  for  total 
value,  with  an  export  of  coal,  gold,  silver,  and  other  minerals 
amounting  to  £2,329,858  for  1905,  being  an  increase  of  £78.750  oib 
£2,251,108,  the  export  for  the  previous  year. 

**  Agricultural  Products,"  principally  grain,  potatoes,  and  seeds, 
show  a  decrease  of  £130,963  on  the  value  exported  in  1904,  some  of 
the  items  showing  a  considerable  falling-ofif.  Wheat,  however,  is  an 
exception,  for  the  increase  of  export  value  is  £18,339  for  the  year. 

**  The  Forest"  shows  an  export  for  last  year  valued  at  £891,410, 
which  is  an  increase  of  £122,222  on  the  figures  for  the  previous  year. 
Sawn  and  hewn  timber  was  exported  to  an  increased  value  of 
£64,874,  and  kauri-gum  by  the  sum  of  £59,627. 

•*  Manufactures "  are  set  down  at  £882,960  in  1905,  being 
£13,402  less  than  in  the  previous  year.  Phormium  fibre  shows  a 
decrease  on  the  operations  for  1904  of  £13,814.  Woollen  manufac- 
tures sent  abroad  increased  by  £745,  leather  decreased  by  £6,974, 
and  apparel,  with  other  manufactures,  increased  by  £6,641. 

The  smallest  group  in  respect  to  value  is  **  The  Fisheries."  The 
total  for  the  group  was  £25,707  last  year,  an  increase  of  £1,945  on 
the  value  of  similar  exports  in  1904. 

Quantities  of  Articles   exported. 

The  exports  of  New  Zealand  produce  or  manufacture  for  the 
last  two  years  have  also  to  be  considered  in  relation  to  quantity, 


BXPOBT8. 


297 


and  the  articles  are  again  grouped  in  the  next  table  according  to 
the  same  classification  as  that  used  for  purposes  of  comparing  the 

values. 

QUANTITIBS  07   THB   PaDffOIPAL   ABTXCLES  07  NsW    ZSALAND    PbODDCE 

BXPOBTBD. 


Items. 

Year  1904. 

Tear  1005. 

Inorease 
in  1906. 

Decrease 
inl905. 

The  Miner- 

Goal            ..             ..  Tons 

165.220 

122,817 

, , 

42,403 

Gold            ..             ..  Oz. 

620,323 

620,485 

162 

1 

Siher          

1,094,461 

1,179,744 

86,283 

Hinenls                     ..  Tons 

1,607 

691 

, , 

916 

The  Fisheries  :— 

Pbh            ..             ..  Owt. 

9.601 

11,286 

1,684 

Oysters        ..             ..  Doz. 

836,868 

304,671 

31,197 

Whalebone                 ..  Lb. 

8,248 

6,152 

1,904 

The  Forest  :— 

Fungus        ..             ..  Owt. 

4,936 

3,428 

1,508 

Gam  (kauri)               ..  Tons 

9.203 

10,883 

1,680 

Timber  (sawn  and  hewn)  S.ft. 

60,326,992 

75,370,136 

15,043,146 

Animals  and  Produce:— 

fiacoD  and  hams       . .  Owt. 

1,674 

1,252 

422 

Beef  and  pork  (salted)       » 

7,458 

9,994 

2,536 

Better         ..             ..      ^ 

314,360 

305,722 

'8.638 

Cheese 

84,626 

88,662 

4,036 

Hides          ..             ..No. 

64,823 

101,378 

46,555 

[\ 

Live-stock    (cattle, 

horses,  sheep,  pigs)        . 

Heato  (preserved)      ..  Owt. 

•      (frozen)           ..      « 

8,677 

12,986 

4,409 

22.788 

28,589 

5. 751 

1,912.979 

1,690,684 

222.295 

Saosageskins            . .      » 

12,460 

11,202 

. . 

1,258 

Skins  (rabbit)             ..  No. 

6,103,930 

8,831,107 

2,727,177 

.     (sheep)  and  pelts    ^ 

6,037,460 

4,931,191 

1,106,269 

Tallow         ..             ..  Owt. 

322,480 

318,942 

3,538 

Wool           ..             ..  Lb. 

144,647,376 

139,912,737 

4,734,639 

Agricultural  Products  :— 

Bran  and  sharps       . .  Tons 

3,664 

4,215 

551 

Chaff           

109 

286 

177 

, , 

Flour           ..             ..      ^ 

387 

448 

61 

(Jiain,  barley             ..  Bush. 

75,193 

49,215 

25,978 

,     beans  and  peas 

193.017 

187,829 

6,188 

,     maize              ..       • 

420 

757 

337 

. , 

.     malt                 ..       . 

374 

374 

.     oats 

2.693,417 

1,076,916 

1,616,501 

,     wheat                       « 

813,635 

967,151 

153,616 

Hops           ..             ..  Owt. 

6,758 

3,301 

2,452 

Oatmeal                     ..  Tons 

94 

12 

, . 

82 

Potatoes                     ..      « 

3,698 

341 

3,367 

S6ed8(grass  and  clover)  Bush* 

259,240 

250,029 

. . 

9,211 

Manufactures : — 

Ale  and  beer              . .  Gals. 

20,306 

10,723 

9,583 

Oordage                      ..  Owt. 

615 

3,757 

3,142 

Leather       ..             ..      • 

11,177 

9,830 

1,347 

Phormium  fibre        . .  Tons 

26,936 

27,877 

941 

, , 

Soap            ..             ..  Owt. 

8,251 

7,637 

•• 

614 

*  At  901b.  to  the  bushel. 


S98 


nw    ZBALAND   OPPICIAL   TXAB-BOOK. 


The  increases  in  certain  articles,  amongst  them  wheat,  silver, 
timber,  kaurigum,  hides,  and  rabbit -skins,  are  very  satisfactory, 
and  in  some  cases  considerable;  while,  on  the  other  hand,  the 
export  of  coal,  wool,  frozen  meats,  sheep-skins  and  pelts,  oats  and 
hops,  with  eome  other  items,  declined  in  1905. 

New  Zealand  Province  exported :  Value  for  eighteen  Years. 

The  position  as  to  value  in  respect  of  a  period  of  eighteen  years, 
1888  to  1905  inclusive,  is  presented  in  a  table  giving  the  domestic 
exports  for  each.  The  most  important  items  of  export  given  under 
the  heading  **  Other  New  Zealand  Produce  '*  are  coal,  silver, 
minerals,  fish,  oysters,  fungus,  kauri-gum,  timber,  bacon  and  hams, 
salted  and  preserved  meats,  tallow,  sheep  and  rabbit  skins,  hides, 
sausage-skins,  and  live-stock.  The  aggregate  value  of  these  in  1905 
was  £2,348,229. 

Exports  of  New  Zealand  Prodccb. 


Wool. 


188813.115,098 

18893,970,376 

18904, 150,5% 

1891|4, 129,080 

1892|4,313,307 

1893!3.774,738 

1894'4,827,010 

189513,002,131 

189G|4,39l,848 

1897  4,443,144 

189S|4.045,804 

189914.324,02 

190(jj4,749.190 

1901 13,099,103 

1902!3.354,5G3 

1908i4,041  274 

1904 1 4, 073.820 

1905  5,331,383 


Gold. 


£ 
914,309 

785,490 

761,300 

1,007,172 

951,903 


Frozen         «""«»• 

Meat.     '   ^x"°^ 
•^      I   Cheese. 


Agricul- 

taral 
Produce. 


£ 

628,800 

783,374 
1,087,017 
1,194,724 
1,033,377 


915,921,1,085,107 
887,805:1,194,645 
l,lG2,18l[l,2G2,711 
1,041, 428:1. 251, 993 
980,20411,500,280 
l,080,09ljl,098,750 
1,513,180  2,088,850 
1,439,002  2,123,881 
1,753,784|2,253,202 
1,951,420  2,718,703 
3,197,043 
2,793,69W 
2,094,432 


2,037,832 
1,987,501 
2,093,936 


£ 

197.170 

213,945 

207,087 

280,933 

318,204 

354,271 

800,483 

378,510 

411,882 

553,122 

539,460 

713,617 

909,731 

1,121,091 

1,309,341 

1,513,005 

1,605,940 

1,013,728 


£ 
905,907 

1,424,297 


Mana- 
factures 


Other    I 
N.Z,  Pro- 
duce. 


Total 


£ 
288,3^ 

509,680 

1,289,864  547,947 

894,4671420,357 

1,035,687  367,677 

716,546  345,636 

317,655'224,958 

326,029Jl88,70: 

572,355|198,081 

495, 175' 197,00l|l, 360.735 

410, G77|253,805  1,696,796 

913,678  378.0661,867,716 

1 ,  230 ,  565 ,549.342'l  ,992,932 

1 ,632,386  425.142  1,905,692 

1 ,046, 980755  2822,302,268 

744,846  823,368'2,480.775 

669,243  896,362'2.126,310 

423,280:882.960'2,408.801 


£ 
1.260,461 

1,288,647 

1,393,687 

1,616,756 

1,345,703 

1.365,164 

1.266.626 

1.409,889 

1,309,749 


£ 
7,255.128 

9,042.008 

9,428,761 

9,400.094 

9,365,868 

8,557,443 

9,085,148 

8,890,153 

9,177,336 

9,596,267 

10.324.988 

11.799,740 

13,055,249 

12,690,460 

13,498,599 

14,838,192 

14,601,787 

15,503,530 


The  preceding  table  shows  that  the  value  of  the  exports  of  New 
Zealand  produce  fell  from  £9,428,761  in  1890  to  £8,390,153  in 
1895,  then  rose  to  £13,055,249  in  1900,  and  had  in  1905  increased  to 
£15,503,530,  the  highest  value  yet  attained  in  any  one  year. 


DIAGRAM  No   3. 


lass 

1900. 
1905, 

VALUE  OF  EXPORT  OF  FROZEN  MEAT,  1895   1900,  1905. 

MUm,7\l 

je2,123,8BL 

12.694432, 

VALUE  OF  EXPORT  OF  BUTTER,  1895,  1900,  1905. 

1        t89& 

mi 

II        1906 

-£227.601 

1 

sj4o,m. 

Mimmi^ 

1 

i 

VALUE  < 

}F  EXPORT  OF  PHORM 

iy»l,  1695,  1900,  1905. 

« 


1695  [J  mm 

1900   [  JE832.1« 


1906 


'.  I 


r'Upi-/^  -^ 


WOOL  BZPORTED  AND  PRODUCED, 


299 


Thus  there  was  a  Det  increase  of  exports,  since  1895,  to  tho 
value  of  £7,113p377,  all  New  Zealand  protluce.  Witb  the  amount 
of  increase  in  money  must  be  considered  the  state  of  prices  of  tho 
various  kinds  of  produce. 

The  export  of  wool, measured  by  quantity,  rose  from  103,817,0771b, 
in  1890  to  139.912.737  lb.  in  1903,  or  at  the  rate  of  3608  per  cenc., 
and  that  of  frozen  meat  from  898,80 i  cwt.  to  1,090,081  cwc. 

Gold.  too.  wiiich  was  exported  to  the  quantity  of  187,041  oz.  ia 
1890,  increased  to  520. 4So  oz,  in  1905,  tiie  rate  of  increase  being 
177-33  per  cent. 

Wool  cxjKivied  aitd  produced. 

The  quantity  of  wool  exported  in  1905,  as  nreviously  shown,  was 
139.912.787  lb„  valued  at  £5;3yi,333— a  decrease  of  4,731,039  lb,. 
Of  3  27  per  cent.,  on  the  quaniiiy  exported  in  the  previous  year, 
but  an  increase  of  Jfc707,507,  or  15  1 4  per  cent.,  on  the  value,  The 
annual  production  of  woul  is  best  estimated  by  taking  the  exports 
for  thu  twelve  months  immediately  precedin*^  the  commencement 
of  shearin^j;,  and  adding  thereto  tfie  quantity  used  in  the  colony  for 
manufacturing  purposes.  But  this  meLhod  does  not  allow  for  wool 
or  sheep-skins  exported. 

The  following  shows  the  produce  for  each  of  the  last  eighteen 
years  endinf^  on  the  30th  September  : — 


T«tf  eoding  30tb  Sap  tern  ber. 

Qutttititr 

CJKpolltfCl. 

Qimiitlty 
pili'ch4iHH4l  hy 

TotaJ  AT»iUftl 
Prod  u  CO. 

LU. 

U., 

lib. 

1888 

8a,27C.i>68 

4. 0711, SOS 

93.355.ft31 

188U 

Uo, 018^507 

3.550,004 

90.174.511 

lau)            

102,522.185 

2.U7'J,2'J3 

106.501,478 

li»9l 

108,61U.473 

2.1)18,073 

111,537,546 

1802              

110,800,(50 

3.38.S,*i'>t 

lU. 240, 004 

IH'JB 

119,043,874 

2,02U.b55 

122.273,729 

1S'.14 

128,490,4.')7 

2.47CJ55 

130,050,013 

'-■'"■ 

120,fJ3:^,7<>9 

3,200,  KHi> 

132.03^001 

128,801),  GTS 

3.080,984 

132,  JW,  007 

134,4lt)/jr>5 

3,208,400 

li7,70'J.424 

mm 

15O.40l,3U'J 

3. 70 i, 831 

151,105,230 

iftOa           

143,044,203 

4.258,305 

147,1K)2.708 

I'JOO 

144,82!J,r,i5 

3.2J3,302 

148,052,007 

3901 

143,004,780 

4.020,024 

147.004,713 

lOOfi 

l.>'j,05i./H'^3 

4,203,912 

150, 8 15.875 

V,tO\ 

160,910,003 

5.204,a->3 

106,214.343 

I'.KH 

Hl,031,n99 

5.l01,4ol 

140,223.150 

VjOo 

140.680,71.7 

3,U51,343 

150,541.110 

From  these  figures  it  appears  that,  notwithstan^in)^'  the  ap- 
parent decrease  frotn  1393  to  1901,  and  for  1901.  the  wool-chp  h^is 
increased  by  over  61 J  per  cent,  during  the  period  covered  by  the 
Uble. 

To  arrive  at  a  perfectly  correct  estimate  of  the  increase  in  wool- 
production  it  would  be  necessary  to  take  into  consideration  the  pro- 
portion of  greasy,    coured  (and  sliped),  and  washed  wool  exported 


1 


800 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   ¥  BAR*  BOOK. 


each  year,  the  waehing  process,  of  course,  greatly  redacing  febe 
apparent  weight.  The  percentages  of  greasy,  scotared.  and  washed 
wool  to  the  total  quantities  exported  during  the  last  eight  years 
are:— 


1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 


QroftBj. 

Scoored  ftod  8tlp«d 

W*ab«d. 

Par  Cent. 

Per  C«nl 

Per  Cenk 

7862 

20-36 

l-iH^M 

77  54 

2164 

liffl^B 

78-62 

2010 

I'^mB 

7825 

2061 

1*1^1 

7382 

24  26 

1*9^1 

7647 

2215 

1'8^| 

7987' 

1898 

1-99^ 

82  09 

16-83 

1-09 

I       Although  the  increase  in  the  wool-production  since  1888  shown 
above  is,  of  course,  mainly  due  to  the  greater  number  of  sheep — 
namely.  19.130,875   m  April,  1905 — it  becomes  necessary  to   no 
that  tliere  is  a  diminution  since  1902  to  the  number  of  1,211.85! 
In  fact,  the  number  of  sheep  has  receded  in  three  years  to  less  thai 
the  number  for  1892,  chiefly  in  consequence  of  killing  for  export. 

A  comparative  statement  for  several  years  is  supplied,  showing 
the  number  of  flocks  in  groups  of  sizes : — 


lElfl 


I 


I 


Numsa 

OP  Flocks,  1892  to  1905. 

»il6  of  HockB. 

1609. 

lasL 

iao«. 

1898. 

IWJ. 

1009. 

1908. 

Under  500  .. 
500  and  under  1.000. . 
1,000         ,          2.000.. 
2.000                   5,000.. 
5.000        ,        10.000.. 
10,000       .        20,000.. 
20.000  and  upwards  . . 

6.622 
2.033 
1,193 
761 
314 
231 
176 

10.314 

2.427 

1,409 

933 

1       345 

230 

179 

15,837 

12,028 
2,605 
1,460 
892 
340 
281 
147 

12.686 
2.708 

I  2,412* 

341 
231 
144 

12.239 
2.810 

2.62it 

352 
196 

139 

12.428    11.545! 
2,923      3.120 

2.731:  §3,064 

342         874 
207         203 

110           97 

Tot^s 

13.530 

17.703 

18,722 

18.357 

18.761  13.423 

•  Frooi  l/H)  to  2,500, 1.798  flocks :  from  fi,fiOO  to  5fiO<K  61  <  flocks. 
t  FrtiiD  l.roo  to  S.fiOa,  IJBftl  flocks ;  from  9L600  lO  S.OOIX  t^  (locks. 
I  Fioui  1.000  to  1600.  fl.081  flocks;  from  8,500  to  5,000.  &10  fiocka. 
I  From  ],0D0  to  S^fiOO,  2,3lS0  flocks  ;  from  2,500  lo  5,000.  7'M  flocks. 


It  will  be  apparent  that  the  general  tendency  of  increase  sin^ 
the  year  1892  is  towards  the  multiplication  of  the  smaller  flocks, 
whose  owners  are  better  able   to   cope  with  the  rabbit   diflBcult 
than  the  large  runholders. 

Export  of  Eabbit'skins, 
Prior  to  1878  rabbit-skins  were  a  very  small  item  in  the  exporis. 
but  in  that  year  the  number  sent  out  of  the  colony  amounted  to 
3.951,209.  Ten  years  after  (1888)  the  export  had  risen  to  11,809.407. 
from  which  it  increased  to  17.041.106  in  1893.  the  greatest  number 
as  yet  exported  in  a  year.  From  1895  the  fall  was  rapid,  and  the 
export  for  1898  only  reached  6,607.934  skins.  In  1899  there  was 
a  6h*ght  upward  tendency,  the  number   exported  being  7,891.648. 


Gir^H 


n 


BZPORT  OF  RABBIT- 8KINB»   BTO. 


301 


which,  however,  fell  to  6,690,898  in  the  year  1900.  In  1901 
7,122,008  skins  were  exported,  and  in  1905  the  number  rose  to 
8»831,107  skins. 

The  figures  for  the  years  1893  to  1905  are  quoted  : — 


Year.                  N™ 

mberofRabbit-tkinB 

Tear. 

Namber  of  Babbit-skins 

exported. 

exported. 

1893      . . 

.     17,041,106 

1900     .. 

5,690,893 

1894      .. 

.     14,267,885 

1901     .. 

7,112,008 

1895      . . 

.     15,229,314 

1902     .. 

..       6,139,794 

1896      .. 

.     10,828,612 

1908     .. 

..       6,101,899 

1897      .. 

8,099,384 

1904     .. 

..       6,103,930 

1898      .. 

6.607.934 

1905     .. 

..       8,831,107 

1899      .. 

7,891,648 

From  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that  the  importance  of  the  export 
has  very  much  diminished.  The  fall,  represented  in  money  vsdue, 
has  been : — 


V<Mr 

ValaeofBabbit-skiDS 

Year. 

Valae  of  Babbit-skins 

zwr. 

exported. 

exported. 

1893 

..     188,962 

1900 

41,689 

1894 

87,993 

1901 

..       57,046 

1895 

85,022 

1902 

..       52,566 

1896 

66.699 

1903 

40,727 

1897 

47,472 

1904 

40,843 

1898 

51,607 

1905 

..       66,983 

1899 

81,118 

While  the  amount  of  money  received  for  this  produce  of  the 
colony  is  less  than  in  some  of  the  earlier  years  shown,  it  may  be 
a  satisfactory  result,  as  seemingly  indicating  some  abatement  of  the 
rabbit  pest.  The  increase  for  1905  is  probably  due  to  the  more 
vigorous  enforcement  of  the  laws  relating  to  the  destruction  of 
fabbits,  as  there  does  not  appear  to  be  any  report  of  an  unusual 
increase  in  their  number.  Large  quantities  of  frozen  rabbits  are 
DOW  exported,  and  are  alluded  to  in  the  remarks  on  the  frozen-meat 
industry  on  the  next  page. 

Export  of  Sheep-skins  and  Pelts. 

These  form  a  more  important  article  of  ex|K)rt  at  the  present 
time  than  the  rabbit-skins,  though  in  the  year  1888  the  position  was 
the  reverse  as  regards  value  in  money.  In  1888  the  number  of 
sheep-skins  and  pelts  sent  away  from  New  Zealand  was  1,646,401, 
against  4,931,191  in  1905,  a  rise  of  199  per  cent,  for  the  period 
between  those  years.  The  value  increased  from  £88,574  to  £500,744^ 
or  499  per  cent.     Figures  for  the  last  ten  years  are  quoted : — 

Tear. 

1896   .. 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900   .. 


Export  of  Staeep-flkioa 

Tear. 

Export  of  Sheep-skiDa 

and  Pelts. 

and  Pelts. 

No. 

No 

..     3,001,791 

1901      . 

..     4,601,531 

..     3,688,051 

1902     . 

..     6,144,680 

..     4,995,326 

1903     . 

.     7.142,531 

..     4,960,054 

1904     . 

..     6,037,460 

..     4,669,430 

1905     . 

..     4,931,191 

302 


NBW    SBALAND   OPPICIAL    TBAB-BOOK. 


Export  of  Tallow. 
Besides  wool  and  meat,  tallow  is  largely  exported,  and  since 
the  year   1883,    when    136,460   cwt.  were   sent  away,  the   export 
has  increased  to  847,888  owe.  in  1905.     In  1904  the  quantity  was 
322,480  cwt.     The  latest  ten  years  show  the  following  results :— 


Tallow  xxpobtbd. 

Te»T8. 

Cw». 

£ 

Tean. 

Cwt. 

£ 

18'J6  .. 

..  222,540 

208,821 

1901  .. 

.  830.360 

351,710 

1897  .. 

..  310,200 

259.964 

1902  .. 

.  4-24,060 

550,131 

1898  .. 

..  347,160 

802,141 

1903  .. 

.  396,940 

517.871 

1899  .. 

..  388,620 

311,649 

1904  .. 

.  322,480 

357,974 

1900  .. 

..  867,780 

368,473 

1905  .. 

.  318.942 

847,888 

The  decreases  for  1903,  1904,  and  1905  synchronize  with  those 
of  the  number  of  bheep  in  the  colony. 

Frozen  Meat  exported. 
Frozen  meat  now  takes  second  place  among  the  exports  of  New 
Zealand  produce.  In  1905,  1,690,684  cwt.,  valued  at  £2,694,432, 
were  shipped  in  the  colony.  An  account  of  the  development  of 
the  industry  was  given  in  a  special  article  in  the  Year-book,  1894. 
The  total  export  for  each  year  since  the  commencement  of  the  trade 
has  been : — 

Year. 

1882  .. 

1883  .. 

1884  .. 

1885  .. 

1886  .. 

1887  .. 

1888  .. 

1889  .. 

1890  .. 

1891  .. 

1892  .. 

1893  .. 

The  above  figures  for  1899  include  129,224  cwt.  (or  4.876.534 
number)  of  frozei^ rabbits  and  hares  in  the  skin;  those  for  1900 
inclu«le  12,260  (731  cwt.)  of  liares,  and  6,501,997  rabbits,  weijjhing 
167,971  cwt.,  valued  at  £154.856  ;  those  for  1901  include  42.202 
(2,943  cwt.)  of  hares,  and  4.830.669  (124,353  cwt.)  of  rabbits,  valued 
at  £117,813  ;  those  for  1902  include  23,421  (1.643  cwt.)  of  hares,  and 
4,776.914  (123.229 cwt.)  of  rabbiis,  valued  at  £118,884;  those  for 
1903  include  8.145  (588  cwt.)  of  hares,  and  4,452.829  ai2.972cwt.) 
of  rabbits,  valued  at  £1(0,088;  those  for  1904  include  8.509 
(683  cwt.)  of  hares,  and  3,78S,o76  (100,442  cwt.)  of  rabbits,  valued 
at  £86,931  ;  and  those  for  1905  include  8,173  (658  cwt.)  of  hares, 
and  2,807,242  (78,170  cwt.)  of  rabbits,  valued  at  £60,782:  so  that 
rabbits  can  hardly  now  be  looked  upon  as  wholly  worthless, 
especially  when  the  export  of  the  skins,  previously  remarked  upon, 
is  also  considered. 


Lb. 

Year. 

Lb. 

1,707,328 

1894  .. 

.  114.827.216 

9,853,200 

1895  .. 

.  127.018,864 

28,44.'),  228 

1896  .. 

.  128.676,544 

33,204,976 

1897  .. 

.  157,687,152 

38,758,160 

1898  .. 

.  173,798.576 

4.0, 03."),  984 

1899  .. 

.  208,972,624 

61,857  376 

1900  . . 

.  206,6J1,072 

73,504,064 

1901  .. 

.  208,015,264 

100,«.f34,766 

1902  . . 

.  239,. 018,384 

110,199,082 

1903  . . 

.  «i66,408,800 

97, 686,. 0.07 

1904  .. 

.  214, 253, 648 

100,262,453 

1905  . . 

.  189, 356. 608 

QBAIM   EXPOBTED. 


303 


To  ascertain  the  total  value  of  the  meat  export  in  1905  it  is 
Decessary  to  take  into  consideration,  with  the  amount  of  £2,694.432, 
Talue  of  frozen  meat  before  stated,  £6,121  for  frozen  poultry  and 
£14,720  for  frozen  fish;  also  the  value  of  preserved  meats, 
£74,451 ;  of  salted  beef  and  pork,  £13,851 ;  and  of  bacon  and 
hams,  £4,405. 

20old  exported. 

The  amount  of  gold  exported  in  1905  was  520,485]oz.,  an  in- 
crease of  162  oz.  on  the  quantity  exported  in  1904. 

The  total  quantity  of  gold  entered  for  duty  to  the  8l8t  December, 
1905,  which  may  be  reckoned  as  approximately  the  amount  obtained 
in  the  colony,  was  17,146,6t^6  oz.,  of  the  value  of  £67,230,584.  For 
fuller  information,  see  special  section  on  mining. 


Grain  exported. 

The  value  of  the  grain   exported  in  1905  was  £294,574. 
gnun  exports  for  1904  and  1905  were  made  up  as  under  : — 


The 


eVated      '.'. 
y  and  value 

in04. 

]fl05. 

Wheat    .. 
Oats 

Barley     . . 
Malt        .. 
Maize      .. 
Peaa  and  beans 
Rje  aod  unenum 

BuHhels.                   £ 

818,535         126,086 

2,693,417         SJl2,724 

.  76,193          13,322 

874                   96 

420                  53 

193,017          40,113 

22                    3 

BuHljels.                   £ 
967,151         144,374 
1,076,916          99,664 
49,215           11,409 

"757               '136 

187,829          38,858 

985                133 

Total  quantit 

3,776,978      £392,340 

2,282,853     £294,574 

Compared  with  the  previous  year,  the  quantity  and  value  of  grain 
exported  in  1905  show  a  considerable  decrease. 

From  the  year  1890  to  1898,  inclusive,  the  decline  in  the  export 
of  wheat  was  very  great,  while  for  1899,  1900,  and  1901  there  was  a 
revival,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following  figures.  In  1902  and 
1903  the  quantity  sent  out  of  the  colony  fell  to  194,671  bushels  and 
71,700  bushels  respectively,  in  1904  the  export  was  813,535  bushels, 
and  in  1905  it  was  967,151  bushels. 


V*a.r 

Wheat  exported. 

Year. 

Wheat  exported 

xoar. 

Bushels. 

Kushels. 

1890 

..     4,467,026 

1900 

..     2,867,069 

1892 

..     2,460,774 

1901 

..     2,301,092 

1894 

228,904 

1902 

194,671 

1896 

463,123 

1903 

71,700 

1898 

10,090 

1904 

813.535 

1899 

..     2,901,676 

1905 

967,151 

The  imports  of  wheat  during  1898  exceeded  the  exports  by  upwards 
of  50,000  bushels,  but  from  1899  to  1905  the  imports  were  prac- 
tically nil,  the  small  quantity  introduced  into  the  colony  being  for 
seeding  purposes  only. 


B04 


nw    SKA  LAND    OmoiAL    TBAB-BOOK. 


In  oata,  tbe  quantity  exported  in  1905  shows  a  decrease  over 
that  for  the  previous  year  : — 


Year, 

1891 
1892 
1894 
1896 
1898 
1699 


Sxpor 
Bu»belt. 

4,053.414 
3.830.444 
1,963.288 
2,247,053 
816,210 
3,520.734 


1900 
1901 

1902 
1908 
1904 
1905 


Bxpott  of  CMS. 

,  5,818,648 

.  10,514.924 

.  5,185,8ia, 

.  4,956.380 

-  2.693,417 

.  1,076,916 


The  acreages  under  cereals  for  the  last  four  years  have  been  : — 

1903-1903.  190:^1904.  lOtM^lOOd.  1906-tSlll 

AQr«t.  Acr«B,            AoroB,  Acra&> 

194.355  230.346  258,015  2i2.965 

483,659  409,390  342,189  360,569 

27,991  34,681          29,484  d9,644 

Butter  and  Cheese  exported. 
The  total  quantity  of  butter  and  cheese  exported  in  the  past 
8ev6uteea  years,  and  the  amount  of  either  commodity  gent  to  the 
United  Kingdom,  is  tabulated  :— 


LftDd  iQ  wheal  (Eoc  threshing) 
,       oafca 

barley 


Tear. 

Total 

Export  of 
Butter 

Butter 

Exported  to  tbe 

United 

Kingdom. 

Total 
Export  of 

t        Obeete 
Exported  to  tbe 
1         Dnit«Ml 
1       Kingdom. 

Cwt. 

Ofrt. 

Cwt, 

Cwt 

1889 

37,955 

21,099 

26,558 

7.638 

1890 

34,816 

26.579 

40,451 

31.043 

1891 

39,430 

28.969 

39,770 

29.500  a 

1892 

53.930 

41,509 

41,493 

30.000  ■ 

1898 

58,149 

52,363 

46,901 

41,667  ■ 

1894 

60,771 

58,845 

55,655 

54.540 

1895 

57,964 

55.194 

76,743 

73.369 

1896 

71,353 

60,092 

71,372 

58,692 

1897 

99.002 

79.849 

77,683 

67.681 

1898 

96,801 

80,814 

68,711 

41.412 

1899 

186,086 

121.502 

69,440 

40.901 

1900 

172,683 

165,871 

102,819 

81.908 

1901 

201.591 

170,903 

104,294 

74.510 

1902 

253.998 

170,207 

74,746 

50.325 

1908 

. . 

285.106 

249,016 

74,780 

64,661 

1904 

* . 

314.360 

299,171 

84,526 

82.046 

1905 

305,722 

282,275 

88,562 

85,653 

Of  the  butter  exported  io  1905,  282,275  cwt.,  valued  ai 
£1,301,399,  were  shipped  to  the  United  Kingdom ;  4,013  cwt., 
value  iei7,622,  to  Victoria;  180  cwt.,  value  £798,  to  New  South 
Wales;  2cv7t.,  value  £S,  to  Tasmania;  70  cwt,,  value  £337, 
to  Western  Australia;  GlOcwfc.,  value  £3,120,  to  Fiji;  16,918  cwt.. 
value  £76,647,  to  Cape  Colony  and  Natal ;  1,049  cwt.,  value  £5,891, 
to  the  South  Sea  Islands;  3  cwt.,  value  £14,  to  Norfolk  Island; 
85  cwt.,  value  £405,  to  Transvaal  Colony;  90  cwt,,  value  £462.  to 
Holland;  24cwt.,  value  £158,  to  Bengal;  397 cwt.,  value  £1,764,  to 
British  Columbia;  5 cwt.,  value  £24,  to  Dnited  States  of  America; 
and  1  cwt.,  value  £10,  to  China. 


PHOBMIUM   FIBBB   EXPORTED. 


306 


Of  the  cheese  exported,  85,653  cwt.,  valued  at  £197,555, 
were  sent  to  the  United  Kingdom;  254 cwt.,  value  £829,  to  New 
South  Wales ;  1,041  cwt.,  value  £2,810,  to  Victoria  ;  354  cwt.,  value 
£894,  to  Western  Australia;  and  251  cwt.,  value  £604,  to  the 
other  Australian  States ;  818  cwt.,  valued  at  £1,973,  to  Cape  Colony 
and  Natal ;  and  191  cwt.,  valued  at  £506,  to  other  countries.  While 
the  quantity  of  hutter  exported  in  1905  (305,722  cwt.)  shows  an 
increase  of  705  per  cent,  on  the  quantity  exported  in  1889,  the 
increase  in  the  export  of  cheese  during  the  seventeen  years  has 
been  at  the  rate  of  233  per  cent. — 88,562  cwt.  in  1905,  as  against 
26,558  cwt.  in  1889. 

Phonnium  fibre  exported. 
Phormium  fibre,  of  which  27,877  tons  (excluding  3,283  tons  of 
tow),  valued  at  £696,467,  were  exported  in  1905,  shows  an  increase 
in  quantity,  but  a  decrease  in  value,  on  comparing  the  figures  for 
last  year  with  those  for  1904,  when  the  quantity  sent  away  was 
26,936  tons,  valued  at  £710,281.  Outside  of  the  question  of  prices, 
a  large  permanent  development  of  this  industry  depends  on  the 
cultivation  and  careful  selection  of  the  plants  used,  and  on  improve- 
ments in  the  method  of  preparing  the  fibre. 

Kauri-gum  exported. 
The  export  for  1905  (10,8S3  tons)  is  a  substantial  one,  exceeding 
that  of  the  previous  year  by  1,680  tons.  The  value  was  £561,444, 
or  an  average  of  £51  lis.  9a.  per  ton.  Full  information  as  to  the 
uses  of  this  resin  and  the  kauri-gum  industry  generally  was  given  in 
a  special  article  in  Part  III  of  the  Year-book  for  1900.  It  embraces 
interesting  matter  from  the  report  of  the  Boyal  Commission  which 
inyestigated  the  whole  subject  in  1898. 

Details  of  all  Exports,  1905. 


Articles  exported. 


Qu&n  titles. 

Val 

ue  in  Sterling. 

British. 

British, 

l»roduce 

Foreien, 
and  omer 

Produce 

Foreien, 
and  other 

and 

and 

Manu- 

Ck)lonial 

Manu- 

Colonial 

Total. 

facturee 

Produce 

factures 

Produce 

of  the 

and 

of  the 

and 

Colony. 

Manu- 
factures. 

Colony. 

factures. 

k. 

£ 

£ 

K  • 

1.361 

, . 

43 

43 

•• 

263 

689 

852 

.. 

2 

2 

92 

**10 

23 

"25 

48 

595 

4,803 

4.803 

26 

66 

66 

374 

9 

17.180 

206 

17,386 

288 

481 

481 

3.653 

541 

641 

11,729 

.. 

30,696 

30,695 

Add- 

Unsnume  rated 
^ealtaral  implements 
inimali,  living — 

Beei 


CsUle,  horned 

Dogs 

Hones 

Pooltey 


Ih. 


No. 


806 


NBW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 


Details  of  all  Exi*ortr,  1905  -  cofUinued. 


1 

Quantities.            | 

Valae  in  Bterlinf. 

Brirfsb. 

British, 

Prodoee 

Foreitfn, 
and  other 
Colonial 

ProdQM 

Foreicn, 
and  other 
Colonial 

ArtiolM  exporUd. 

and 

Maiia- 

and 
ftlann- 

Tol 

facturet 

Produea 

fact  urea 

Prodaca 

of  the 

and 

of  tha 

and 

Colouy. 

Blana- 

Colony. 

IJana- 

facturaa. 

facturaa. 

£ 

£ 

Apparel  and  slops 

. 

. . 

, , 

2,817 

3,228 

ArmH,   aninjunition,    and    explo- 

siv*»H — 

Cartriilges   .. 

No. 

10,700 

70,800 

49 

288 

D  tonal  ofR  .. 

• 

, , 

9,  ICO 

21 

Dynamiie    .. 

lb. 

. , 

1.350 

, , 

94 

Firearms     . . 

No. 

, . 

35 

240 

Fu-e 

coils 

, . 

894 

45 

Ordnance  stores 

. 

, , 

795 

Powder,  sporting 

lb. 

25 

775 

1 

80 

blasting 

^ 

, , 

60 

2 

S  vords 

No. 

•• 

1 

6 

Bacon  and  hams — 

Bacon 

cwt. 

733 

, , 

2,607 

Hams 

• 

614 

, , 

1.898 

, , 

BaRS  and  Racks— 

Cornsacks   .. 

doz. 

620 

1,110 

160 

377 

Un  en  II  me  rated 

• 

833 

•    14,208 

56 

1,434 

Basketwaie  and  wicker 

ware 

6 

44 

Bdcbe-de-mer.. 

cwt. 

"20 

102 

Beer 

.        galls. 

10 1723 

2,847 

1,265 

633 

Belting- 

Leather 

lb. 

, . 

2,418 

, , 

570 

Oth»r  than  leather  . 

, . 

, , 

370 

BeverngBK,  non-aicoholi 

c — 

Aerated  waters 

drz. 

1,398 

239 

280 

46 

Liiiiejuice,  sweetrnec 

I        galls. 

IG 

, , 

3 

himejiiice,  unsweetui 

led        . 

7,038 

2,546 

359 

130 

Uneiiwmerated 

135 

1 

Bicycles  and  tricycles  . 

No. 

13 

148 

129 

1,044 

Maicriald  for 

. 

, , 

39 

1,339 

Biscuits — 

Fancy  and  other  kind 

8                lb. 

16.028 

840 

377 

28 

Ships',  plain 

cwt. 

5,473 

2 

4,557 

3 

Blue.. 

lb. 

112 

3 

itoais 

No. 

9 

1 

"415 

26 

.Bones 

tons 

7 

26 

B  )oks,  printed 

. . 

5,411) 

3,952 

Boots  and  shoes 

.  doz.  prs 

"   68 

309 

383 

1,469 

Bran 

tons 

8,972 

12,233 

Brass  manufactun'S     . 

9 

'*56 

Bricks 

No. 

7,000 

18 

Bricks,  fire      . . 

•             f 

4,400 

, , 

33 

Briinhware  and  brooms 

, , 

64 

172 

Building  mat  rials 

, . 

24 

Butter 

cwt. 

305! 722 

1,408,557 

.. 

!.« 

DETAILS  OF  ALL  BXP0BT8. 


807 


Dbtails  of  all  Exports,  1005—eontinued, 


Quantities.            | 

Val 

ne  in  Sterl 

ing. 

Britisli. 

Ihitisl). 

riodnoe 

Foreii^ii, 

Produce 

Foi«i({u, 

ArtielM  exported 

and 
BUiiu- 

and  oihir 
Colonial 

aud 
Manu- 

NudoUier 
Colonial 

TotaL 

factiires 

Produce 

factures 

Produce 

of  the 

and 

of  the 

ami 

Colouy. 

Mniiu- 
factures. 

Colouy. 

Manu- 
faciuies. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

lb. 

, , 

250 

7 

7 

3d  rabians 

, , 

, , 

. , 

3 

3 

*             •  •             .  • 

, , 

2 

123 

125 

lb. 

1,120 

. . 

10 

10 

ig  and  druggeting 

36 

664 

700 

»s,  &c. — 

ges     . .                          No. 

14 

2 

402 

83 

485 

and  wagons      . .             » 

62 

, , 

700 

, , 

700 

v»biles  aud  moior-cara 

cycles 

, , 

2 

. . 

240 

240 

iliiilaiora 

, , 

9 

, , 

21 

21 

iais  for 

, . 

. . 

23 

89 

112 

mpty..                          No. 

113 

3,311 

111 

9->0 

1,061 

barrels 

145 

118 

72 

68 

140 

cwt. 

88,562 

. , 

205,171 

, , 

205,171 

fcre       . . 

, , 

107 

167 

No. 

2 

'302 

1 

85 

86 

tons 

122,817 

. . 

107,062 

107,062 

nd  cbocolate     . .            lb. 

145 

2,983 

25 

174 

199 

. .             .  •             0 

2,250 

41 

41 

«d 

1,377 

2,152 

57 

"71 

128 

tOTlH 

15 

15 

*72 

15 
72 

ionerv — 

)iat«i  in  plain  trade 

kaues                 ..             lb. 

2,540 

113 

113 

umerated 

16,372 

042 

"350 

21 

371 

tons 

19 

119 

258 

980 

1,238 

1            ..              ..          owt. 

3,707 

429 

5,315 

1,0J5 

6,340 

^nd  steel            . .            • 

, . 

74 

. , 

190 

196 

ut 

•• 

•• 

•• 

121 

121 

3 

.. 

1,053 

1,653 

ing}»      .. 

, , 

. , 

48 

43 

lar.woven  cotton  cloth   .. 

, , 

, , 

, . 

2.359 

2,359 

uinerated 

4,128 

4,128 

raw     ..                           lb. 

2^202 

55 
398 

55 
398 

No. 

377 

287 

287 

f 

225 

3!  720 

8,945 

ana       .. 

80 

80 

r*'  trimmings    . . 

, , 

342 

342 

and  Iho  s 

575 

575 

b  d  chemicals— 

1^- powder 

7 

7 

668 

52 

720 

808 


NIW    KBALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOE. 


£>BTiiL8  OF  ALL  ExpoBTS,  1905  -  eotUmustU 


Qvutlliei.           1 

V»lneia8t«rtiQ#, 

Brltljb, 

British, 

FTOdt)«« 

aod 

Foreign, 
mad  otber 

Produce 

And 

uido£!« 

ArtlcaoA  AKiKirted. 

llAau- 

Colonial 

Mud. 

OotoBlal 

f 

fmcttireft 

Prodnce 

;ft«tur«H 

Pitidiioe 

ofih« 

mad 

ofibe 

and 

C^toqy,     1 

Golpnj. 

future*. 

Dfugfl  and  ohenaicfcls-  co^tiinmd. 

M 

Creem  of  Uf  t&r 

lb. 

5,600 

1X7 

Drugp,  and  druggiMa'  iUO^riea 

.. 

467 

1,419 

Anhydrous  ftmmoiila 

16 

42 

MediciD&l  barks 

., 

11 

She©p-dip    .  * 

lb' 

., 

10J29 

79 

622 
346 

Waibing-powder 

t    m 

- 

•• 

" 

54 
135 

Earthenware 

^^ 

*  * 

187 

290 

Engine  pa^kif^g 

dc*B. 

a.m 

S68 

awl. 

1 

*   16 

32 

902 

Eif(:ncefl,  HaVQiiriz^g     •  ^ 

gals. 

16 

53 

Eflsenbial  @iU . . 

lb. 

151 

84 

Fan  Of  goods  and  io^R  . . 

.. 

■  ■ 

1,093 

3,915 

Gunoeitifia  .. 

>. 

. , 

*    4 

44 

11 

Peaibera 

lb. 

13,768 

832 

Fell  »beathiTig 

.. 

.. 

.. 

♦  * 

116 

PiBh— 

Dried 

ami. 

28 

42 

87 

66 

Potted  and  preEcrvid 

lb. 

134,561 

63,974 

6,409 

1,511 

Froze  El 

cwt. 

10 » 056 

14,730 

] 

Ova 

No, 

2U.(J0Q 

239 

Fi»htng4aclc'e 

., 

- 

173 

PJoorqloth  ftwd  oilcloth 

149 

Flour 

tODB 

448 

.* 

3,685 

■  f 

Fcjodfl,  atiiirial— 

Chefl 

• 

£186 

li483 

1  f 

Pfc  pared  ealf*me*l  . . 

, 

1 

.. 

10 

7 

Ucenuine  rated 

»» 

215 

3 

Food**,  farinaceous— 

Maizt^na  and  corn  flour 

lb. 

2.230 

1,878 

14 

31 

PruiU— 

* 

BoUkd  and  preecrved 

dos. 

240 

857 

70 

104 

Fruits^  dried— 

GurrantB      -  - 

lb. 

10,014 

112 

Eaisma 

m 

37,794 

i« 

584 

Unrnumerated 

^ 

n 

27,702 

1 

515 

FruitH,  fresh  * . 

m 

32,205 

ni3 

Pu'pacd  partially  proiirved  * 

37,443 

.. 

441 

-' 

Fungufl 

oi^t. 

3,428 

7,409 

Fumitiare  atid  upbolatery 

.. 

.. 

*' 

1,064 

463 

Kspok 
Fui&ttijro  and  otht r  poliab 

owt. 

;; 

73 

"  12 

909 
50 

PHTK 

.. 

.. 

.. 

4 

432 

DBTA1L8  OF  AULi  BXPOBTB. 


309 


DXTAILS  OF 

ALL  EXPOBTS,   1905— 

eaniinved. 

Quantities. 

Value  in  Sterling. 

British, 

Britiah. 

Prodaee 

Foreign, 
and  other 
Colonial 

Produce 

Foreign, 
and  othei 
Colonial 

ArttelMMported. 

and 
Mano- 

and 
Mano. 

Total. 

factoras 

Produee 

factares 

Produce 

of  the 

and 

of  the 

and 

Colony. 

Mann- 
factoraa. 

Colony. 

Mann- 
facto  res. 

£ 

k 

£ 

Qelatine  iknd  isinglass 

lb. 

810 

9 

67 

1 

68 

61mb  botUes,  empty    . 

•             • . 

, , 

, , 

12 

74 

86 

(»MS~ 

Broken 

cwfc. 

947 

61 

, , 

61 

Kirrozs 

•                     •  • 

, , 

1 

1 

2 

CHtssware 

•                     •  • 

,. 

62 

661 

723 

Qlneandsiae.. 

cwt. 

167 

'197 

83 

104 

187 

Oiyeerine 

• 

418 

721 

, . 

721 

Odd 

oz. 

520,485 

"81 

2,093,936 

342 

2,094,278 

Gxain  and  pulse— 

Barley 

bush. 

49,215 

11,409 

, , 

11,409 

Beans  and  peas 

187.829 

38,858 

38,858 

KaiM 

757 

136 

136 

Oals 

1,076,916 

99,664 

99,664 

Bye 

985 

133 

133 

Wheat 

967,151 

144,374 

144,374 

Oiaio,  groand 

.    centals 

45 

23 

23 

Onase 

cwt. 

, , 

"12 

13 

13 

Grindery,  n.o.e. 

. . 

. , 

16 

16 

Gam,  kanri     . . 

tons 

10,888 

561,444 

561,444 

Haberdashery 

. 

.. 

.. 

2 

377 

379 

Sewing  cottons 

. . 

.. 

72 

72 

Unenumerated 

. 

40 

40 

Hair 

cwt. 

i!oi3 

"  4 

4,850 

33 

4,883 

Hardware,  holloware, 

and  iron- 

mongery 

. 

.. 

300 

2,296 

2,596 

Hats  and  caps 

doz. 

"  33 

344 

38 

560 

598 

Hatters*  materials 

,             , , 

, , 

260 

260 

Hay  and  straw 

tons 

208 

554 

654 

Hides 

No. 

101,378 

98,826 

, , 

98,826 

Honey 

lb. 

4,663 

83 

83 

Hops 

cwt. 

3,301 

1 

20,038 

"39 

20,077 

Horns  and  hoofs 

tons 

82 

1,269 

1,269 

Hosiery 

. 

1,025 

551 

1,576 

Indiarubber  goods 

•             •  ■ 

43 

359 

402 

Ink,  printing  .. 

lb. 

5261 

•• 

655 

655 

Instruments,  musical— 

Ebtrmoniums 

No. 

•  • 

3 

65 

65 

Piiknofortes 

• 

15 

562 

562 

Unenumerated 

.. 

8 

685 

693 

Materials  for 

. . 

69 

69 

Instraments — 

Optical 

.. 

86 

86 

Scientific     . . 

"1I8 

213 

331 

Surgical  and  dental  . 

848 

848 

Surveying   .. 

,, 

•• 

•• 

216  1 

216 

310 


HBW  ZEALAND  OFFICIAL  TEAB-BOOK. 


Details  of  ill  Exports,  1905— 

e9ftltrm«<l 

Qu^mmm, 

VjUn«  In  SterliBg. 

JiriHit* 

ilritiBtu 

Prodofl* 

ftnii  ntlier 

Pvodo^ 

Foi  eipi. 

Aiid 

Mum- 

Tc 

fAtiiirM 

PlodUQA 

fact  lire* 

I't-oducv 

oUhn 

aud 

of  file 

ftllcl 

Colouf. 

ll»ny- 

Colottf. 

Iron  ftnd  Rteel— 

£ 

£ 

Bur,  bt^U,  fttid  rod      * . 

ton 

3 

45 

35 

715 

BoliB  ftiid  tiuts 

ewt. 

9 

12 

0  ft  1  vft  u  i^d  m ahii  f act  u  ret 

"386 

m 

RaiU 

t  m 

s 

Siiri  I  nfid  i^ftU 

torn 

i 

37 

Sljeotf  gutvunhed,  corru- 

eai*  d 

owi. 

1;76.5 

« < 

1,583 

R 1 1  ee  t .  g  U  vfcp  i  sed ,  pU  i  n 

« 

263 

, , 

2».6 

Tuikn.  4i)0eii1U. 

No 

Gl  i 

,  ^ 

loa 

,       SOOg^ll.        .. 

• 

7 

<  1 

10 

Wire,  fencing,  Ui  bed 

tons 

IG 

,    4 

so^ 

pL^ii . . 

• 

a 

t    m 

33 

Wire  netting 

, , 

■  ■ 

*   > 

151 

UnEHumprawd 

' 

"'  21 

4 

40 

485 

JamR,  jellien,  and  pimervefl 

lb. 

10,S41 

17.8SS 

196 

263 

Jell  IPS.  cooccUtj-B ted    .. 

« 

l,5ti5 

■<,  i, 

51 

JeweHeiy 

c   w 

« * 

* » 

275 

7^0 

Jvwelkis'  Hwetpingft    . , 

- 

■' 

- 

857 

- 

Laifipfl,  lanlernp,  and  lampwick 

1 

3SI> 

Lea'+,  pfgH  &iid  biri 

c^vt. 

■    m 

a 

4     t 

2 

Lentl.tT 

■ 

0,830 

11 

60, gee 

3f'[P 

Lentlier  mwiu  fuel  urea 

2B 

275 

Lime 

bush. 

1,548 

75 

■   m 

Liuen  pieoegooda 

*  I 

t , 

■ «              ' 

493 

Liimeed           ,,             ,.    ceDtalf 

1,3D3 

754 

., 

Machinery — 

ARriculbiiriLl 

,  ^ 

■  > 

s.aao 

40S 

Plou;?!  a  and  harrowi 

. , 

J,U30 

51 

Dftiry»iiR 

I  Ml 

ijca 

Dreitpi- g      ,. 

6,0Ul 

3,340 

Electric 

5 

&74 

Kr^giit*-p,  Bt«?am 

No. 

4 

, , 

201 

E%ine!i,  |2ftii  unci  ml 

* 

IS 

m    k 

754 

Fiuur  inihiHg 

00 

GfiiA-itiakifig 

m    « 

»    r 

339 

^iiniitg 

3,505 

OOQ 

Priiifeiiig 

6lj 

457 

Be  wing  ftnif  koitting 

No. 

1 

129 

JO ; 

511 

Woodworking 

*  • 

41 

450 

WouU*ii  milling 

■    r 

*  > 

r    I 

m    t 

(^) 

Ufienuihiiated 

«    * 

r    I 

♦  ■ 

1.745 

8»675 

•  Matei  iftlji  for,  aod  par  La  o 

f            .. 

>■ 

-- 

47 

29 

DkTAILB  OF  ALL  BXPORTS. 


311 


DSTAILB  OF 

ALL  Exports,  XdOd—cofUmtnnL 

Qiiuitltlee. 

Vftldw  Iti  Bterllog. 

HriUah, 

BrItJah. 

1 

ProduiJe 

FcireteD* 
aoii  ouicrr 

PxtHluee 

Porelfo, 

1 

ArtielM  exported. 

and 

aod 

andol£e^| 

JUaiiU^ 

€ol»t»iai 

Mjuid- 

CkttontaJ 

fac  t  nrei 

Prodace 

fictni-fle 

Produce 

T<i»al. 

of  tbe 

and 

of  tlie 

and 

Cislouj. 

Umnn- 
ta<!burfl«. 

Colony, 

Uana- 

faptujp*. 

_ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

IRt       . .                                  tO'18 

13 

75 

76 

merated 

82 

"   2 

306 

"lO 

316 

lre»:Red  or  polished 

, , 

, , 

17 

27 

44 

and  Testae,  gross  boxes 

23 

496 

6 

63 

68 

a 

6,283 

, . 

875 

876 

matting 

160 

7 

167 

«n     . .             . .    centals 

345 

163 

163 

•osen                . .         cwt. 

145,561 

177,372 

177,372 

ailed 

9,956 

13,762 

13,762 

8,  frozen         . .            , 

6,380 

13,403 

13,403 

frozen             ..  carcases 

2,002,156 

1 

BSOWt. 

646,681 

f    •• 

1,271,927 

.. 

1,271,927 

1,     «                 ..carcases 

1,673,523 
791,236 

1,135,796 

1,135,796 

1  (joints),  frozen        cwt. 

16,025 

23,717 

23,717 

rozen 

2,568 

6,614 

6,614 

waited 

38 

89 

89 

f,  frozen          . .        pairs 

29,588 

6,121 

6,121 

rozen                . .          cwt 

1,06<) 

1,396 

1,396 

kindj*,  frozen   . . 

2,366 

3,425 

3,425 

8.  frozen  in  the  skins  No. 
=  owt. 

2,807,242 
78,170 

1    •■ 

60,298 

60,296 

frozen  in  the  skins    No. 

8,173 

1 

=  C1P»t. 

658 

f    •• 

434 

484 

and  preserved 

28,539 

74,451 

74,451 

t         ..             ..           lb. 

28,120 

3,014 

3,014 

merated           . .         cwi. 

350 

1,543 

1,543 

8,  patent  and  proprietary 

51 

647 

698 

tnufac  lures — 

merated 

•  * 

1,705 

5,730 

7,436 

Titers                 . .           No. 

73 

846 

846 

atid  washerd  . .          cwt. 

31 

32 

32 

r8       ..                          No 

, . 

1 

7 

7 

bridges 

. , 

•• 

"   50 

7 

57 

d        ..                         cwt. 

6,889 

2,903 

2,903 

rserved             . .            lb. 

755,039 

49 i 833 

16,597 

liOoS 

17,650 

f 

335 

335 

in,  ornamental 

•• 

465 

69 

524 

rous  ore             . .          tons 

535 

5,997 

6,997 

nd 

4 

4 

3             ..                   ..             irns 

1 

40 

40 

•ore  . . 

4 

17 

17 

nese^re 

55 

•  • 

165 

1 

166 

ite-ore 

28 

1,848 

1,848 

imerated 

68 

247 

8 

250 

312 


NEW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOX. 


Dktails  of  all  Bxpobts,  100.^— Cdfi^t4«i. 


Qu&titUie«. 


A? i&olM  Nportod. 


Mid  otb»r 
Mikuii- 


VftlD«  in  fit#rUne. 


Britljh, 

JprodQoi 

ATld 

U&na* 

Colouiftl 

faetnrfl* 

ProdniJfl 

oflb« 

UI<1 

Ooloiij. 

Umun- 

tmeium^ 

£ 

M 

141 

^3 

- 

213 

87  , 

2 

" 

19 

"  as 

27 

^^ 

15 

« « 

113 

Bm 

, , 

*  * 

3 

.* 

S9il 

■   m 

6,389 

53 

659  1 

40 

i  * 

♦    V 

67 

5GS 

<  i^ 

a 

329 

1,293 

6J40 

652 

a,64f 

*' 

629 

»  ^ 

1,569 

108 

6 

519 

6 

fiT 

,  ^ 

463  1 

394 

93 

125 

14 

Nftphtfaa  ..  ..       giJIi. 

Nme— 

Almonds,  in  shdll      . .  lb. 

Unenumerat^ 


0-*kiam         r..  ..        owt. 

Owi..  *  ..  No, 

Oil- 

GAfibor^  bulk  , .        galls. 

Colia 

Coooanul     - . 

Fiahrpeoguiii,  aud  sea] 

Lias^d 

Keroeane 

Mineral,  oth«r  kinds  , 

Olive,  bulk  . . 

WbuJe 

Unenumeratied  * .  # 

Oilmen's  stores 
Onions 
Ojaters 

/.ma 

Paints  and  oolours^ 

Gmund  in  oil 

Milted,  read/  for  UM 

Unenume  rated 
Paper- 
Bags 

Butter- paper 

Paper- banging! 

Printing 

Wrapping    . . 

Writing 

Unenumemled 
Perfnmerj — 

Parfumed  spiiiii       . .       galls. 

Toilet  prfpsrationB 

Unenumerat^d 
Phormium      ..  ..         tons 

Tow 
Photographic  goods 
Pickles  ..  ..       galls. 

Pictures 
Picture  frames  and  mounts 


QWt. 

do£. 


owt, 


156 


112 


36 


3,894 


44S 
705 

7^946 
35 

13^745 
304,671 


365 

64t 

1 


481 
'  10 


264 

1,111 

659 


5 
66 

95 

747 

20 
163 

642 
163 

354 

809 

635 


3 

127 

7 


27 
3 


877 
283 


399 
446  4 

12  i 


356 
54 
67 


22 


95 


35 

68  ; 

,  , 

36 

696,467 

15,473 

.. 

21 

381 

, , 

23 

1,263 

1,370 

3 

DBTAILS   OF  ALL  BXP0BT8. 


313 


1                                             DBTAIL8  OF 

4LL  EZPOBTS,   1906  — 

continued. 

Qu&Uti&iM, 

Value  In  St^rliag. 

f 

Brjiltb, 

Brititb, 

1 

Prodooc 

ForeJKD, 
and  oth«T 
Colociftl 

Piodtico 

For«tgD, 
&nd  etber 

Colo  D  1ml 

AriMM  «iFC»n^                 1 

and 

Md 

TolaL 

futures 

prDduce 

Utiut^t 

Prod  Deo 

Of  tb« 

«ad 

of  the 

a,od 

Colour. 

Mmno' 

Oolosr. 

Mana- 

llaetiir«. 

facta  res. 

£ 

£ 

M 

Pitch 

owt. 

448 

GO 

135 

16 

151 

Pt&nfcfl  And  ihrulM 

, , 

561 

561 

Plate  Mid  pliitedwwe    , . 

25 

2  J40 

3,765 

Plaster  of'p Aria 

owt. 

m 

6 

6 

FoUvrd  A.tkd  sharps 

tort  A 

S43 

1,035 

.. 

1.035 

FDrtman^aUx 

, « 

» . 

12 

74 

SB 

Foutoea 

tons 

341 

33 

3.017 

328 

3,345 

Printing  materi^Ue 

•  ■ 

*4 

81 

241 

322 

Ph^vUionH,  n,o.e. 

, , 

.  t 

i,sos 

265 

1,573 

Pmops             « «            p 

-" 

». 

•■ 

178 

219 

397 

BW 

ewt. 

852 

,. 

663 

663 

Sulw&T  plailli 

1 

"45 

45 

Hbe                 ,. 

Olfl. 

« , 

1,362 

-  < 

394 

894 

ftoffi 

. 

., 

■• 

a, 037 

15 

3,042 

8tddl«r7  (b&njew) 

I  * 

1 

.. 

551 

262 

813 

SaddJafs'  ironraougery 

*  * 

. . 

10 

10 

Sillpatre 

lOtli 

2 

*, 

21 

21 

SuIkv,  wiodovr 

palm 

548  ' 

362 

362 

S«ic«s 

galls. 

27  1          300 

15 

113 

128 

Ssm^e  akiiu 

cwt. 

11,303               66 

47.299 

428 

47,727 

Sftedf— 

G»i8  and  clover 

« 

44,643             804 

80,598 

822 

81,420 

Uiitnumer»t«d 

,  ^ 

. . 

9,400 

872 

3,272 

Sbelb,  pearl    ^> 

cwt. 

* . 

1 

1 

Sbip^  chandlery 

. 

, . 

ill 

458 

569 

Silk  &iece-goqds 

.. 

.. 

1 , 

740 

740 

SiAe^ 

OS. 

1,179,744  1 

190,542 

120,542 

Skins — 

1 

1 

Cftlf  &nd  other  kinds 

No. 

38,264 

8,648 

8,648 

Rabbit 

^Ib. 

a, 831,107 
1,381,057 

1 

66,933 

66,983 

Stieep,  wHh  wool 

No, 

657,610 
5,344*432 

165,705 

.. 

165,705 

Sbaep,  without  wool . , 

No, 
---lb. 

4,273,581 
12,599,222 

335.039 

.. 

335,039 

aeslakiiu    ,. 

No. 

31 

40 

" 

40 

Bamf— 

Qommon 

awfr. 

7.637 

2 

6,894 

2 

6,896 

OncTiume  rated 

,  * 

* , 

31 

122  > 

163 

Spooi«^ 

^1d 

.  ■ 

*, 

9,378 

9,378 

BilT«c 

♦ . 

-  * 

4,500 

4,500 

Specimeas  illaair&tivd  c 

»f  naitirai 

tcience 

.. 

.. 

223 

100 

322 

314 


NE.W   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL  ^EAli-BOOK. 


Details  of  all  Expobts,  1905— oonfititMd. 


Quantities. 

Value  in  Sterling. 

British, 

Britisii.  ; 

Produce 

Foreiuu, 
and  other 
Colonial 

Produce 

Foreign, 
andothei 
Colonial 

ArtiolM  Axportod. 

and 
Maiiu- 

and 
Mann. 

r 

Tol 

fact  urea 

Prodnce 

faetures 

Prodoca 

of  the 

and 

of  the 

and 

Colouy. 

Mann- 

Oolony. 

Mann- 

factarea. 

factnrea 

1 

£ 

£ 

BpiceE — 

Ground 

lb. 

?60 

, . 

12 

, , 

Unground    . . 

0 

1,119 

135 

Spirits — 

Bitters,  cordials,  &o. 

gallR. 

26 

42 

Brandy 

^ 

927 

456 

Gin  and  geneva 

, 

917 

288 

Kum 

^ 

78 

:a 

Whisky 

* 

5,571 

2,016 

S 

Stationery 

i;568 

1,398 

\ 

Bookbinders*  materials 

53 

Teaching  apparatus  . . 

.. 

56 

St^ne— 

Building 

tons 

80 

52 

, , 

GreeuHione 

owt. 

222 

. . 

1,645 

. . 

] 

Pumice 

tons 

878 

, , 

2,875 

1 

Wrought      . . 

,, 

24 

2 

SuKar— 

Glucose 

cwt. 

15 

17 

Molasses  and  treacle. . 

• 

90 

8 

83 

7 

Refined 

lb. 

604,545 

133,638 

4,691 

1,085 

i 

Tallow 

tons 

15,700 

340,502 

d4( 

Mutton  stock,  oleomargarine  « 

247 

7,386 

t 

Tanning  materials — 

Crude  bark  . . 

tons 

307 

, , 

1,518 

] 

Other  kinds 

, . 

"   ^j 

Tar    .. 

22 

Tarpaulins  and  tents    . . 

6 

1 

Tea   .. 

lb. 

119,419 

4;i42  1          i. 

Textile  piece-goods 

••       1 

3 

442  i 

Textiles,  made  up 

40 

47 

Timber— 

Logf,  hewn     . . 

sup.  ft. 

207,017 

655 

Sawn,  undressed 

♦ 

74,202.637 

306,552 

'.'.       1      30( 

dressed 

. 

960,482 

. , 

11,688 

...       i; 

Un  enumerated 

.• 

, , 

2,150 

113  1          ! 

Tin- 

Block 

cwt. 

112 

95 

Foil 

• 

1,120 

56 

S'leet 

^ 

105 

118  : 

Tinware 

193 

39 

Tin«»mith8'  fittings 

8 

Tobacco— 

1 

Manufatrured 

lb. 

53,517 

4,326 

i 

Ui' manufactured 

• 

7,114 

380 

Cigars 

1,926 

606 

Cig&rtttes   .. 

■> 

4,148 

1,730  i 

1 

DETAILS  OF  ALL  BXPOBTS. 


815 


Details  op 

ALL  Exports,  1905 — continued. 

QiiantitieB. 

Value  in  Sterling. 

Bririsb. 

British. 

Prod ace 

Foreiuii, 
and  other 
Colonial 

Produce 

Foreign, 
and  otuer 
Colonial 

Artieles  exporUd. 

aud 
Mmiiu- 

and 
Mann- 

Total 

factiires 

Produce 

factures 

Produce 

of  the 

and 

of  the 

and 

Colouy. 

Manu- 
factures. 

Colony. 

Manu- 
factures. 

£ 

£ 

& 

>.pip€8 

•• 

•• 

28 

39 

67 

and  hatcbeto     . . 

.. 

.. 

.. 

7 

18 

25 

leerH*  ni8 chine  toolf 

, . 

, , 

, , 

285 

285 

umerated 

, , 

, , 

72 

856 

428 

line 

galls. 

, , 

248 

, , 

51 

51 

. . 

owt. 

216 

, , 

267 

, , 

267 

and  Netting 

, , 

, , 

, , 

31 

. , 

81 

trr-and- binder     .. 

cwt. 

1.020 

2 

1,969 

4 

1,973 

las  and  parasols 

•  • 

•• 

•• 

•• 

91 

91 

1  and  gold-size  . . 

galls. 

35 

430 

9 

171 

180 

)le8      . . 

, , 

, , 

225 

834 

559 

• 

galls. 

15 

18 

1 

4 

6 

8 

No. 

949 

680 

689 

iraffin . . 

lb. 

134 

, , 

4 

4 

one 

cwt. 

46 

•• 

1,197 

•• 

1,197 

alian  .. 

galls. 

116 

64 

64 

:ling    .. 

^ 

302 

682 

582 

kinds 

^ 

5 

682 

2 

405 

407 

ware  . . 

•• 

1,565 

205 

1,770 

y 

lb. 

114,853.124 

4,267,006 

4,267,006 

ed        . . 

m 

9.441,2U4 

, . 

469,462 

, , 

469,462 

I 

0 

14,091,702 

584,442 

, , 

584,442 

ed        . . 

m 

1.526,617 

60,423 

, , 

60,423 

zkn      .. 

doz. 

322 

86 

86 

I  piece-goods     . . 

3,073 

1,128 

4,201 

blankets 

pairs 

**833 

2 

799 

2 

801 

.. 

•• 

.. 

203 

65 

268 

»r 

cwt. 

2,070 

225 

1.880 

186 

2,066 

factarc8 

•• 

12 

55 

67 

factnred 

559 

935 

1,494 

tnufactured 

•• 

•• 

1,974 

686 

2,660 

post    .. 

20.610 

20,610 

'I 


316 


VKW    CBALAMD  OPFtCIAL   TIAB-BOOK. 


flfl 
lit' 


A  table  is  appended  giving  details  of  goods  foi^arded  in  the  y< 
1905  to  the  Cook  and  other  Pacific  Islands  annexed  to  New  Zeala 
in  1901.  These  do  not  appear  as  exports  from  the  colony,  bei 
merely  part  of  the  internal  trade  or  transactions  between  one  porti 
of  what  is  now  New  Zealand  and  another. 


Articles. 

Animals  living 

Apparel  and  slops  n.o.e. 

Bags  and  sacks 

Bisouits 

Boots  and  shoei 

Batter 

Cement 

Cml 

Cordage 

Cotton  piece-goods 

Drapery 

Drugs  and  druggists'  sundries 

Fancy  goods  and  toys  . . 

Fish,  preserved 

Flour 

Famitare  and  upholstery 

Hardware,  holloware,  and  ironmongery 

Hosiery 

Iron  and  steel 

Machinery 

Matches 

Meats,  saltei  and  preserved 

Metal  manufactures    . . 

Milk,  preserved 

Nails,  iron 

Oils 

Oilmen's  stores 

Perfumery 

Po'.atoos 

Provisions,  nnenumerated 

Pumps 

Rice.. 

Ships  chandlery 

Soap,  common 

Spirits 

Sugar,  refined 

Tea  . . 

Timber 

Tobacco 

Miscellaneous 


Total  value  of  goods  shipped  to  the  Islands 


QuantitleB. 


600  doi. 

2,129  cwt. 

87  doB.  pairs 

86owt. 

580barralfl 

1,785  tons 

59cwt. 


71  tons 


2,804  gross  boxes 
1,117  cwt. 

6616  Ibe. 

312  cwt. 

8,909  galls. 


9  tons 


617  cwt. 

856  cwt. 
312  galls. 
987  cwt. 
3,032  lbs. 


Vt 


1. 


2. 
1. 


1. 
2. 


4, 

2. 

£29, 


Of  the  above,  goods  to  the  value  of  £28,216  were  forwan 
from  Auckland,  £398  from  Napier,  £7  from  Wellington,  £7  fr 
Lyttelton,  and  £470  from  Dunedin. 

Particulars  of  goods  cleared  outwards  from  these  annexed  islai 
in  1905  will  be  found  in  Section  VII,  p.  262. 


TOTAIi  YALUB   OP   TRADE. 


817 


Total  Value  of  Trade. 

The  Talue  of  the  total  trade  of  New  Zealand  advanced  from 
£13,431,804  in  the  year  1886,  to  £28,484,804  in  1905.  Bat  of  these 
amounts  some  portion  was  coin.  Excluding  the  specie,  the  figures 
for  1886  are  £12.853,736,  and  for  1905  £28,123,247. 


EzceMof 

Importa 
(eacclading 

Exports 
(ezcludiDg 

Exports  over 

Imports 

(exciading 

Specie). 

Year. 

Total  Trade. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Specie). 

Specie). 

1 
£         1         £ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

1886 

13,431,804 

6,759.013 

6,672,791 

6,319,223 

6,534,613 

215,290 

1887 

13,111.684 

6,245,515 

6.866,169 

6,064.281 

6,680,772 

616,491 

1888 

13,709,225 

5,941,900 

7,767,325 

5,430.050 

7,403,206 

1,972,156 

1889 

16.650,727 

6,808.868 

9.341,864 

5,980,583 

9,183.954 

3,203,371 

1890 

16.072,246 

6,960.525 

9,811.720 

6,928,895 

9.669,316 

3,640,421 

1891 

16,070.246 

6,503,849 

9.566.397 

6,431.101 

9.560.859 

3,129,768 

1892 

16,477.907 

6.943.056 

9.534.851 

6,742,644 

9,490,920 

2,748,376 

1898 

15.896,879 

6.911.515 

8,985,364 

6,494,279 

8,680,846 

2,186.566 

1894 

16,019.067     6.788,020 

9.231,047 

5,990,177 

9,221,550 

3,231,378 

1895 

14,950.353 

6.400,129 

8.550.224 

6,115,953 

8.618,119 

2,402,166 

1896 

16,458.425 

7,187,320 

9,321.105 

7,035,379 

9.299.907 

2,264,628 

1897 

18,072,216 

8,055,223 

10,016,993 

7,994,201 

9,741,222 

1,747,021 

1898 

18.748,565     8,230,600 

10,617,955 

8,211,409 

10,449,838 

2.238.429 

1899 

20,677,968     8,739,633 

11,938,335 

8,613,656 

11,923,422 

3.309.766 

1900 

23,892.257   10,646.096 

13,246,161 

10,207,326 

13,223.268 

3,015,932 

1901 

24,699,339   11,817.915 

12,881,424 

11,353,416 

12,869,810  i  1,516,394 

1902 

24,971,700  11.326, 723 

13,644,977 

10,958,088 

13,635,450     2,677,421 

1903 

27,799,053 

12,788,675 

15,010,378 

12,075,959 

14,971,926  1  2,895,967 

1904 

28,040.042 

13,291,694 

14,748,348 

12,900,030 

14,738,750  j  1,838,720 

1905     28,434,804 

12,828,857 

15,656,947 

12,481,178 

15,642,069  '  3,160,891 

The  trade  for  these  years  has  heen  selected  for  exhibition  in 
tabular  form  because  during  each  of  the  series  there  was  an  excess 
of  exports  over  imports,  whereas  previously  the  reverse  obtained, 
and  the  colony  was  purchasing  to  an  extent  not  covered  by  the 
value  of  the  export.  During  the  last  twenty  years  the  excess  of 
exports  over  imports,  excluding  money  sent  to  and  from  the  colony, 
amounted  to  a  total  sum  of  £48,011,037. 

How  diflferent  the  foregoing  conditions  were  from  those  previously 
obtaining  will  be  seen  by  observing  the  balance  of  trade  for  the 
years  1881  to  1885,  inclusive  : — 


Tear. 

1881 
1882 
1883 


Bxoass  of  Imports 
over  Exports. 
£ 
..     1.406.898 

..     1.948.485 

761.938 


Tear. 

1884 
1886 


Excess  of  Imports. 

over  Exports. 

£ 

235,981 

639,239 


318 


NEW   ZEALAND  OFFICIAL  YBAB-BOOK. 


The  gradually  declining  excesn  of  imports  tamed  in  188( 
1887  to  a  small  excess  of  exports,  but  subsequently  the  c 
of  exports  was  very  great,  and  attained  the  sum  of  £3,640,4 
the  year  1890. 

Again  considering  the  results  for  the  twenty  years,  1886- 
during  which  the  balance  was  in  favour  of  the  exports,  the  exi 
trade  is  shown  for  each  year  per  head  of  population,  the  calcul 
being  made  exclusive  as  well  as  inclusive  of  specie,  for  the  pu 
of  arriving  at  exact  conclusions  as  regard  trade  in  goods. 
the  year  1S94  the  imported  money  amounted  to  a  sum  of  £79' 
and  in  1903  to  £712,716,  making  a  substantial  difference  ii 
rates. 

Excluding  specie,  the  trade  per  head  of  population  inci 
from  £22  Is.  7d.  m  1886,  to  £32  6s.  6d.  in  1905 :  imports  froi 
17s.  Id.  to  £14  68.  1  Id.,  and  exports  from  £11  4s.  6d.  to  £17  19 


Including  Si>eci 

e. 

Excluding  Specie. 

Year. 

To»al  Trade 

pei-  Head 

of  Moim 

Populaiion 

(excluding 

Mao*  is). 

Iui|iortR  per 

Head  of 

Mean 

Pop  lint  on 

(exilu  'ing 

Maoris  1. 

Ex}K>rts  per 
Head  of 

MOHIl 

Populati'^n 

(excluding 

Mauris). 

Tot«l  Trade 

per  Head 

of  Moan 

Population 

(excluding 

Maoris). 

luiiK>ri8per 

HHadof 

Mean 

Population 

(exHuding 

Maorie). 

M 

Popii 

(exel 

Ma< 

188G 

S,        8.     d. 

23     1     5 

£      R.    d. 
11   12     2 

£      a.    d. 
11     9     3 

£      B.    d. 
22     1     7 

£       8.     d. 
10  17     1 

£ 
11 

1887 

21   19     8 

10     9     5 

11   10     3 

21     7     5 

10     3     4 

11 

1888 

22  12  11 

9  IG     4 

12  IG     7 

21     4    0 

8  19    6 

12 

1889 

25     9  11 

10     5     G 

15     4     5 

24  15    9 

9  15     6 

15 

1890 

25  la  10 

10     0     2 

15  13     8 

24  19     4 

9  11     0 

15 

18".)1 

25  10     4 

10     G     G 

15     3  10 

25     7  10 

10    4     8 

15 

1892 

2-1  13     2 

10  IG     8 

14  IG  11 

25     5     6 

10    9  11 

14 

lft93 

24     0     9 

10     9     0 

18  11     9 

22  18  11 

9  16    5 

18 

189 1 

28  U     9 

9  19  11 

13  11  10 

22     7  11 

8  16    6 

13 

189o 

21   11  10 

9     4  10 

12     7     0 

21     2     8 

8  16    8 

12 

1S9G 

28     5     8 

10     1  11 

18     3     9 

23     2     2 

9  19     1 

13 

1897 

2.)     0  11 

11     3     3 

18  17     8 

24  11     7 

11     1     7 

13 

1898 

25     9     3 

11     3     7 

14     5     8 

25     G  11 

11     3     1 

14 

1899 

27  11     5 

11  13     1 

15  18     4 

27     7     8 

11    9    8 

15 

1900 

81     5     9 

18  18  10 

17     G  11 

30  18     8 

13     7     4 

17 

1901 

31   15     0 

15     3  10 

16  11     2 

31     2     9 

14  11  11 

16 

1902 

31     6     0 

14     3  11 

17     2     1 

30  IG     G 

13  14     8 

17 

19C3 

88  17  10 

15  11   10 

18     6    0 

32  19     G 

14  14     6 

18 

1904 

88     3     8 

15  14     7 

17     9     1 

32  14     2 

15     5     4 

17 

19'V-, 

82  U   10 

11   14  11 

17  19  11 

32     G     0 

14     6  11 

17 

The  higliest  record  of  trade  (excluding  specie)  was  that  for 
when  tlio  rate  per  head  was  £41  4s.  5d..  the  imports,  in  conseq 
of  the   hxr«^e  expeinliture   of   borrowed    money,  amounting  at 
time  to  £24  17s.  per  head,  ajrainst  £14  6s.  lid.  in  1905. 

It  has  been  customary  to  leave  out  the  Maoris  in  estimatin 
sum  per  head,  for  tlieir  industries  and  necessities  swell  the  v< 
of  trade  in  comparatively  so  slight  a  measure  that  the  amour 
head  of  European  population  can  be  more  truly  ascertains 
omitting  them  altogether. 


TRADE    WITH    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


Trade  uith  Different  Countries,  States,  or  Colonies, 

The  trade  with  the  United  Kingdom  ia  1905  amounted  to 
119.883,102,  comprising  6980  per  cent,  of  the  total. 

With  the  Australian  States  trade  was  done  during  1905  to 
the  vaUie  of  £4,110,688,  of  which  New  South  Wales  claimed 
^.369,110.  and  Victoria  £1.519,840.  made  up  as  follows:— 

Exports  from  Njjw  Zkalahd. 

i 

To  New  South  Wftles,  1905         . .  . .  . .     1 ,321 ,853 

.  Victoria,  1905  ..  ,.  ..         866,939 

Imports  into  New  Zeai^akd.  g 

From  New  South  VVftles,  1905    . .  » ,  . .     1 ,047,757 

.       Victofia,  l'J05      ..  ..  ..  ..         652 /JOl 

The  latter  amounts  in  each  cas«  represent  the  declared  values 
of  the  imports  into  New  Zealand  from  ihe  States  mentioned,  not 
their  export  value  as  given  in  the  New  South  Wales  and  Victorian 
retorus. 

Included  in  the  exports  to  New  Zealand  from  New  South  Whales 
is  coal  to  the  quantity  of  169,016  tons,  valued  at  J£155,7H6, 

The  imports  from  the  United  States  in  1905  show  a  decrease 
when  compared  with  the  previous  year's  figures,  and  Ihe  exports 
an  increase.     Details  of  articles  imported  will  be  found  on  page  287. 

The  articles  of  exported  New  Zealand  products  for  1905  were  : — 

Exports  to  Unitkd  Statbs  of  Amkrica.         i 

Gum  (IcAur^),               vatae              ..  ..     S09,671 

Phormium  f^bre              •  136,390 

Wool  112,668 

Sboep-sktnjt  and  pelta    ,  99/270 


Saiisikge-bkius 
HidM 

B^bbit^akins 

Oold 

Goftl 

Onioni 

Leather 

Tew 


36,376 
7,230 
6,537 
3,554 
1,875 
1.775 
1,019 
1,599 
451 


with 

1905 


The  following  table  shows  the  value  of  the  total  trade 
the  United  States  for  each  of  the  past  ten  years,  1896  to 
inclasive.  during  which  period  the  trade  has  increased  consider- 
ably. But  the  increase  is  mostly  on  the  side  of  the  imports  from 
ihose  States*  and  especially  from  tlie  Atlantic  ports,  from  which 
there  is  a  far  greater  output  to  New  Zealand  than  froui  the  Pacific 
fide. 


320 


NBW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAR-BOOK. 


Tbade  with  the  Umitid  States. 


I 


Year. 


Imports  from 

Ezporte  to 

Tote) 

Atlantic 
Porta. 

Pacific 
Porta. 

AtlantSo 
Ports. 

Paolflo 
Ports. 

Tnte. 



419.639 



£ 
73,161 

268,564 

68,025 

819,439 

521,939 

106,105 

252,018 

123,088 

1,003,140 

700,665 

99,866 

387,059 

286,074 

1,423,544 

687.906 

87,403 

387,614 

45,885 

1,206,808 

958,286 

108,587 

424,814 

84,482 

1,520,069 

1,174,745 

240,615 

382,175 

186,904 

1,934,339 

1,146,675 

172,362 

447,628 

42,841 

1.808.901 

1,289,535 

201,823 

563,885 

105,764 

2,111.007 

1,309,302 

218,613 

642,470 

56,451 

2,126336 

1,213,201 

225,297 

641,371 

74,930 

2,154,808 

18% 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 


The  development  iu  the  decennial  period  is  at  the  rate  of 
163  per  cent.,  or  an  increase  in  value  of  £1,335,373. 

Figures  showing  ten  years'  trade  with  Germany  exhibit  ad- 
vancing imports,  reaching  for  the  year  1905  to  the  substantial  sum  of 
£277,467.  Details  of  articles  imported  from  Germany  will  be  found 
on  page  289. 

Trade  with  Germany. 
Year.  Imports  from. 

1896  ..  101,381 

1897  ..  157,066 

1898  ..  153,102 

1899  ..  160,605 

1900  ..  182,074 

1901  ..  198,521 

1902  ..  210. 5G0 

1903  ..  274,297 

1904  ..  308,804 

1905  ..  ..   277,467 

The  principal  articles  of  New  Zealand  produce  exported  to 
Germany  in  the  year  1905  were  : — 

£ 

Gum  (kauri)  ..     25,450 

Wool 11,487 

Schcelite-orc  770 

Greenstone  244 


xportt  to. 

Total  Trade. 

£ 

£ 

5,190 

106,671 

5,468 

162,534 

17,244 

170,346 

28,027 

188,632 

24,186 

206,260 

10,470 

208,991 

9,389 

219,949 

17,584 

291,881 

23,931 

332,735 

38,958 

316,425 

TBADB  OF  AURTKALABIA. 


t 
t 


Imports  frotu. 

£:Kport«  to. 

Total  Trftde^ 

1* 

£ 

£ 

1*29 

12.506 

12,637 

87 

6,795 

6,882    J 

72 

2,766 

2,as8  1 

215 

90,187 

90,402     ■ 

&03 

405.419 

405,921 

886 

835,476 

825,862 

997 

754.059 

755,056    J 

299 

455.187 

4.55,486    1 

804 

154,398 

155,202     ■ 

559 

176,937 

177,496 

The  trade  with  India  and  Ceylon  reached  a  total  of  JE489.993, 
igainst  £466,419  in  1904.  The  imports — tea,  rice,  castor-oil,  wooU 
pibcks,  &c.— were  reckoned  at  j^485,d82^  leaving  a  balance  of  onljr 
£4,610  for  exports 

The  value  of  the  South  African  trade  from  1896  to  1905  is  aq 
follows  :— 

1696 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 

Tkadb  of  Austha labia. 

The  following  table  gives  the  value  of  the  imports  and  exports  of 
the  different  States  comprising  what  is  now  the  Commonwealth  of 
Aastralia  and  the  Colony  of  New  Zealand  for  the  year  1904.  Tiie  Aug 
tr&iian  figures  in  each  case  include  the  value  of  intersiate  trade  '.- — 


k   a. 

o  1                           St*«e  or  Colony. 

1 

Total  V*loe  of 

Exceu  of 

Imports. 

Exporta 

KxportA 

over 
liniKirte. 

6,059,164 

£ 

11,153,383 

1 

5,101/219 

'       New  South  Wales 

27,285,958 

33.007,835 

5.721,877 

rielorta 

20,096,442 

24,404,917 

4,303,475 

Sooth    Auitralift    (including    Northern 
Territory) 

7,450.716 

8,432,205 

l»031,4a9 

Wetlem  AuslrAlm    . . 

6,673,480 

10.271,511 

iS, 599,081 

iMmania    . . 

2,554,454 

2,969,600 

435,146 

Few  Zealand 

13,291.694 

14,746.348 

1.456,654 

In  the  preceding  table  is  given  the  total  trade  inwards  and  out' 
wards  of  each  State  and  colony,  counting  twice  over  the  value  o£ 
goods  produced  in  one  State  or  colony  and  carried  thence  into 
another,  and  reckoning  the  same  goods  three  times  where  they  arej 
imported  from  without  into  one  State  or  colony  and  re-exported 
thence  lu  the  same  year  into  another.  But,  in  order  to  form  m 
JQftt  idea  of  the  trade  of  Australasia  as  a  whole,  it  is  necessary 
li-Ybk. 


832 


MBW   SBAI.AIID  OrWlOlAtt   XBAK-BOOK. 


tf 


4 


eliminate  the  inter- State  traffic  altogether.  From  the  folloi 
table  the  value  of  imports  and  exports  exchanged  between 
various  States  has  accordingly  been  excluded  : — 


External  Tbadb 

OF  AnSTBAIJLBIA. 

Ye&r. 

Total  Trade. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

BzoeaB 

of 
Imports. 

Excel 

of 

Expoi 

1885 

£ 
72,220,444 

£ 
41,136.038 

31,084,406 

10.061.632 

£ 

1890 

75,143,818 

38,451,160 

36,692,658 

1,758,602 

, , 

1891 

84,565,778 

41,325,033 

43.240.745 

1.915 

1892 

75,325,933 

34,529,501 

40.796,432 

6.266 

1893 

67,788,738 

27,925,990 

89,862.748 

11.936 

1894 

65,102,202 

26,063,630 

39,128,672 

13.064 

1895 

67,624,317 

27,425,725 

40,198,592 

12.772 

1896 

74,511,262 

34,420,696 

40,090.666 

5.670 

1897 

83,509,568 

37,862,741 

45.706,827 

7,844 

1898 

85,600,442 

37,310,583 

48.289.859 

10,979 

1899 

97,637,194 

39,990,123 

57,647,071 

17,656 

1900 

104,298,717 

48,351,933 

55,946,784 

7,594 

1901 

109,651,267 

60,506,802 

59,144,465 

8,637 

1902 

101,019,347 

47,539,709 

53,479,638 

5,939 

1903 

105,339,392 

46,142,240 

59,197,152 

13,054, 

1904 

118,831,730 

48,411,900 

70,419,830 

22.007, 

It  will  be  observed  that  in  the  year  1885  the  excess  of  imf 
over  exports  for  Australasia  amounted  to  no  less  a  sum  1 
£10,051,632,  and  that  live  years  later  the  excess  of  imports 
fallen  to  £1,758,502.  In  1891  the  position  was  completely 
versed,  the  exports  exceeding  the  imports  by  £1,915,712.  ' 
excess  increased  to  £6,266,931  in  the  following  year  (1892),  an 
£13.064.942  in  1894,  but  decreased  to  £12,772,867  in  1895 
£5,670,070  in  1896.  It  was  £7,844,086  in  1897,  £10,979,27< 
1898,  and  in  1S99  the  excess  of  exports  over  imports  amounte 
£17,656,948.  In  1900  there  was  a  falling-off  in  the  value  of  exp< 
and  the  excess  amounted  to  only  £7,594,851,  but  in  1901 
balance  in  favour  of  exports  was  £8.637,663.  Both  imports 
exports  decline*!  during  1902,  and  the  excess  of  exports  over  imp 
was  only  £5,939,929.  In  1903  the  value  of  imports  shov 
decrease  of  over  a  million  and  a  quarter,  while  the  exports  excee 
those  of  the  previous  year  by  nearly  five  millions  and  three-quart 
the  value  of  the  excess  of  the  latter  being  more  than  thirteen 
lions  sterling.     In  1904  the  total  imports  show  an  increase  of  < 


TRADE  OF  AUSTBAIiABIA. 


328 


two  millions  and  a  quarter,  and  the  exports  of  over  eleven  millions 
and  a  quarter,  the  excess  of  the  latter  over  the  former  being  twenty- 
two  millions  sterling,  the  highest  figure  yet  shown.  'uy 
The  trade  per  head  of  the  population  in  each  of  the  States  of 
the  Australian  Commonwealth  and  New  Zealand  in  1904  was  : — 


Trade  per  Head  op  the  Population  in  1904. 


State  or  Colony. 


I  Mean  Popola-     . 

tion:  Imports. 


Exports. 


Total  Trade. 


Queensland 

New  South  Wales 

Victoria    . . 

South  Aufltralia 

Western  Australia 

Taamania 

New  Zealand 


519,178 
1,446,440 
1,207,537 
369,697 
236,516 
178,826 
845,022 


£     s.    d. 

£    s.    d. 

11  13     2 

21     9     7 

18  18     5 

22  17     9 

16  12  10 

20     4     2 

20     3     1 

22  18  10 

28     4     3 

43     8     7 

14     5     8 

16  14     4 

15  14     7 

17     9     1 

£  8.  d. 
33  2  9 
41  16  2 
36  17  0 
43  1  11 
71  12  10 
31  0  0 
33    3    8 


But  the  values  of  the  exports  of  the  Australian  States,  more 
especially  New  South  Wales,  Victoria,  and  South  Australia,  are 
largely  increased  by  the  inclusion  of  articles  the  produce  or  manu- 
facture of  other  States,  colonies,  and  countries. 

The  value  of  home  productions  or  manufactures  exported  from 
each  State  or  colony  in  1904,  and  the  rate  per  head  of  mean 
population,  were  as  follow : — 

state  or  Colony. 

Queensland 
New  South  Wales 
Victoria 
South  Australia 
Western  Australia 
Tasmania  .. 
New  Zealand 

The  next  table  sets  forth  the  amount  of  the  trade  of  each  of 
the  above-na^ed  States  and  colony  with  the  United  Kingdom  in 
1904:— 


Home  Produce 

Per  Head  of 

exported. 

Population. 

£ 

£     1.    d. 

10,054,237 

19     7     4 

22,700,071 

15  14  10 

17,369,609 

14    7     8 

6,230,773 

16  17     1 

10,146,557 

42  18    0 

2,648,613 

14  16    3 

14,601,787 

17    6    7 

Imports  from 

Exports 

Total  Trade 

with 
the  United 
Kingdom. 

State  or  Colony. 

the  United 
Kingdom. 

£ 

to  the  United 
Kingdom. 

£ 

£ 

Queensland 

2,118,293 

1,861,100 

3,979,393 

New  South  Wales 

7,867,880 

10,148,436 

18,016.316 

Victoria  .. 

7,266,239 

7,953,077 

15,219,316 

South  Australia    . . 

2,035,688 

2,606,557 

4,642,245 

Western  Australia 

2,565,302 

4,440,817 

7,006,119 

617,414 

555,013 

1,172,427 

New  Zealand 

7,982,340 

11,876,273 

19,858,613 

324 


NEW   ZEALAND  OFFICIAL  TBAB-BOOK. 


The  statement  appended  shows  the  relative  importance  of  Ans 
tralasia  as  a  market  for  the  productions  of  the  United  Kingdom : — 

Exports  of  Homb  Pboduotions  from  the  Uihtbd  Kdvodom,  in  1904,  to- 


British  India  and  Ceylon 

Qermany 

Australasia    . . 

United  States 

Cape  of  Oood  Hope  and  Natal 

France 

Argentine  Republic 

Dominion  of  Canada  . . 

Belgium 

China 

Italy 

Egypt 

Russia 

Holland 

Sweden  and  Norway   . . 

Turkey 

Brazil 

Japan 

Spain 

Hong  Kong    . . 

Denmark,  Iceland,  and  Greenland 

Java,  &o. 

Chili 

StraiU  Settlements 

West  India  Islands  and  Guiana 

Portugal 


42,052,353 

25,103,270 

23,651,560 

20,ly7,679 

17,532,521 

15,254,034 

10,847,264 

10,624,221 

9,051,949 

8,808,901 

8,371,354 

8,273,443 

8,229,577 

8,200,340 

7,733,413 

7,346,695 

5,987,681 

4,889,328 

4.337,476 

4,335,957 

3,668,426 

3,374,259 

3,258,958 

3,129,265 

2,557,601 

2,068,178 


The  exports  to  other  countries  did  not  amount  to  £2,000,000 
in  any  one  case. 

Australasia  as  a  whole,  with  a  population  of  ahout  4,800,000, 
thus  takes  the  third  place  in  importance  for  consumption  of  British 
produce,  the  exports  thereto  heing  more  than  half  the  value  of 
similar  exports  to  British  India,  with  its  294,000,000  inhabitants. 


DIAQNAM  N«.  4. 


TONNAGE    OF    SHIPPING 

ENTERED  INWAB08  AND  OUTWARDS. 
1895,  ldO€,  and  1905. 


INWARDS. 


T«ftr,1906: 
1.139,410  Uma 


' 


T«4r,1900; 


Foreign 

176,092 
tool 


Im,  1895 
ffTJI^l  tons 

ij71  toofl. 


319.313 


BhUiOi 

mm 


mm 

tool. 


Cblmiial 

amis 


Bri  tilth 
192394 


Cotoual 
500467 

tOOSv 


British 

463.851 
Ions 


OUTWARDS. 


T«u-,  1905t 
1.U1353  toDS. 


Tearja95: 
648.946  loos, 

Foreiga 
51.935 


T«rJ90D: 
825.375  tons. 

Foreign 


tODi^ 


315171 


Bntish 
I  Oils. 


68^98 
torn. 


388,438 


Bnlish 
368241 


Forfli^ 

176.010 
tooi. 


CdonJali 
500371 


flriUah 
465171 


• 


»1*V 


ASTOM,   _fK{.X    fcNi. 


SECTION  IX.— TRANSPORT  AND  COMMUNICATION. 


Shipping. 

Thk  shipping  entered  inwards  during  1905  comprised  637  vesselSi 

cf  1,139,410  tonnage;  while  entered  outwards  were  627  vessels,  of 
1,141,552  tonnage.  Com  pari  son  with  the  figures  for  the  previous 
year  shows  in  the  entries  a  decrease  of  2  vessels  and  of  15,159 
tons*  and  in  the  clearances  an  increase  of  7  vessels  and  a  decrease  of 
3,212  tons.  Of  the  vessels  inwards,  130,  of  462,851  tons,  were 
Bntish  ;  423,  of  500.467  tons,  colonial  ;  and  74,  of  176,092  tons, 
foreign.  Those  outwards  numbered  130,  of  465,171  tons,  British; 
421,  of  500,371  tons,  colonial ;  and  76,  of  176,010  tons,  foreign. 
Compared  with  the  figures  for  1904  tliere  was  a  decrease  of  19 
Tesseis  and  of  32,816  tons  in  British  vessels  entered,  and  an  in- 
crease in  the  colonial  shipping  entered  of  13  vessels  and  4,040  tons. 
Foreign  shipping  shows  an  increase  of  4  in  the  number  of  vessels 
4Dd  of  13,617  tons  entered.  Of  the  entries  in  1905,  221,  of  103.580 
tons,  were  sailing-vessels,  and  406,  of  1,035,830  tons,  steamers.  Of 
fche  clearances,  226,  of  106,548  tons,  were  sailing-vessels,  and 
401,  of  1,035,004  tons,  steamers.  The  sliippmg  inwards  and  out- 
wards for  eleven  years  is  given  in  the  table  foUowing : — 

Vksrisls  kntebsd,  18D5-1905. 


Te&r. 

18^  ., 

1806  ., 

1897  ,. 

1996  .. 

1899  .. 

1900  .. 

1901  .. 

1903  *, 
1900  .. 

1904  .. 
t006  .. 


t 

> 

611 
589 


... 

600686,890 


ToUl  Nambar. 


I 

672,951 
097 


6d0765,St55 

609811,163 
616854,632 

1.089J79 

$17i.ica.0A4 

1  lM,a09 


627 


1  139,410 


i 


22,074 
19,857 
21,542 
24,081 
23,929 
23,791 
29,724 
30,264 
30,600 
31,478 
31,429 


Brittth. 


ColqoiftJ, 


I 

146 
126 
133 
162 
149 
156 ' 
|l75 
172 
145 
149 


1 

299,667 
249,601 
276,020 
329,065 
350,861 
392,394 
448,686 
496,203 
465,741 
495,667 


180462,861 


S_ 

6,837 

I 

5,495 

i 
6,086 

I 
7,910 

6,966 

7,183 

7,713 

8,871 

7,799 
I 

8,648 
I 

8,005 


11 


j 

420319,313 
395  300,176 
395  340,793 
399  369,840 


1 

13,209 

12,210 
13,138 
13,897 


388  892.67114,666 
393  392,61914, 136 


441461,729 
395  429,467 
403478,419 
410  496,427 


16,063 

i 

15,306 

16,497 
16,901 


42350O,467|17,187| 

I  I 


Foreign. 


I 


53,971 
68|64,d20 

72  70,086 

I  i 

69i66,360 


67,651 
69,7199 
U9.SS7 

ina 

167.S04 
lfla,€75 
176,0(1^ 


500  6 


2,028 
2,169 
2,316 
2,274 
2,277 

,478 
5»948 

,068 
6,304 
6,029 
6,287 


H 


326 


Year. 


NEW   ZEALAND  OFFIOIAL  YBAB-BOOK. 

Vessels  cleared,  1895-1906. 
Total  Number. 


I 


British 



Oft 

• 

1 

■ 

fli 

s 

t 

§ 

s 

s 

> 

H 

o 

> 

CtoloniaL 


i 


Foreigi 


1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902    ..  !611 


597|648,946 


1903 
1904 
1905 


;692|G27,65t 

587:075.  y3t' 

'C22!  705,798 

•       I 

1004  jB07, 860 

613^25,271 

l,075.9O; 

1. 048,771' 

1,113,10.-: 

l,144,7Gl 


.   |091 


608 

;620 


1027  1,141 ,5r>-2 


21,619|  134  281,8406,528 
20,217' 123  259,0(54  5,637 
21,409  140  280,2296,240 
24, 130' 150  322,1507,898 
24,117;  152  355,4427,194 
23.4811149  368,2416,978 
30,028|  177  462, 179  7,954 
29,2941,152  447,3517,983 
30,600;  141 462,1227,890 
31,04ti  146487,961 8,341 
31,210  130405,1718,039 


420  315,171 18,068 


4a51,9d5 


402  805,92612,448  67'62,669 
378.327,068  12,881  "egleS.OSG 
408  377,102  13.948  ',69,66,541 


379:886,219  14,656  173 


397 


I 


441 
385 
401 

403 

i 
421 


388,436 14,158 '67 
458,99416,106,73 


487,489  16,171 174 


485,83716,608 

I 

498,27016,669 

! 

500,37116,941 

I 


66,206 
68,598 
154,78S 

163,930:1 
66  165.706  I 


163,5?3j< 
176.010 


Note.— €k)afltiDg-ve8Be]8  are  not  included  in  the  above  table. 

The  noticeable  feature  in  the  operations  for  the  period  co\ 
by  the  table  is  a  considerable  increase  of  tonnage  inwards 
outwards,  but  not  in  the  numbers  of  vessels,  showing  that  h 
ships  are  now  used  than  those  of  eleven  years  ago. 

The  figures  given  apply  to  the  external  trade  only ;  but  in  a 
country  such  as  New  Zealand,  as  yet  deficient  in  roads,  but  hi 
an  extensive  seaboard  and  a  number  of  good  harbours,  the  co 
trade  must  bo  relatively  very  large,  as  is  evidenced  by  the  fi( 
next  given  : — 

Shipping  entered  Coastwise,  1905. 

Number.  Tons. 

Sailing-vessels  ..  ..  ..     5,007  313,072 

Steamers        ..  ..  ..  ..  20,382      10,016,337 

Shipping  oleaked  Coastwise,  1905. 

Number.  Tons. 

Sailing-vessels  ..  ..  ..       4,978  308,425 

Steamers      ..  ..  ..  ..     20,102  10,103,864 

The  total  number  of  vessels  entered  coastwise  was  thus  25 
of  10,329,409  tons,  an  increase  of  1,578  vessels  and  611,606  tor 


RAILWAYS.  827 

^Q  figares  for  1904.  The  total  clearances  coastwise  were  25,380 
vessels,  of  10,412,289  tons,  an  increase  of  1,707  vessels  and  678,320 
^ous  on  the  numbeir  for  the  previous  year. 

Beoistered  Vessels. 

The  number  and  tonnage  of  the  registered  vessels  belonging  to 
the  several  ports  on  the  Slst  December,  1905  (distinguishing  saihng- 
vessels  and  steamers),  was  as  under : — 

RsoisTBBED  Vessels,  SIst  December,  1905. 


Ports. 


Anckland 

Kapier 

Wellington 

Nelson 

Lyttelton 

Danedin 

InYercargill 

Totals 


1              Sailing-vessels. 

i 

steam-vessels. 

1 

'  Vessels. 

i 

Gross 
Toanage. 

Net 
Tonnage. 

Vessels. 

Gross 
Tonnage. 

Net 

Tonnaga. 

21G 

19,568      18,081 

116 

15,580 

8,992 

7 

675  1         562 

20 

2,312 

1,442 

23 

3,689  '     3,472 

35 

7,109 

3,851 

..    :            10 

301  1         2S0 

12 

1,437 

814 

..  1         27 

4,873  i     1,710 

10 

2,683 

1,097 

..  ,         42 

13,608  1  13,192 

72 

97,990 

59,881 

13 

1,333  ;     1,279 

6 

895 

466 

838 

43.847  1  41.576 

271 

127,906 

76.643 

Railways. 

The  history  and  progress  of  railways  in  New  Zealand  was 
specially  described  in  the  Year-book  of  1894,  as  was  also  the  line 
partly  built  by  the  New  Zealand  Midland  Railway  Company.  An 
account  of  the  line  belonging  to  the  Wellington  and  Manawatu 
Railway  Company  was  published  in  the  Year-book  for  1895. 

In  the  year  1860  a  contract  was  let  for  the  construction  of  the 
first  New  Zealand  railway.  Up  to  the  year  1870  there  were  only 
46  miles  of  railway  in  operation.  In  that  year  the  construction  of 
railways  came  to  be  part  of  the  pubiic-works  policy  just  then  in- 
itiated, and  the  Railways  Act  of  1870  authorised  certain  lines  to  be 
made  and  surveys  of  others.  In  1876  tlie  abolition  of  the  provinces 
placed  the  earlier-constructed  railways  in  the  hands  of  the  General 
Government.     At  that  time  there  were  718  miles  open  for  traffic. 

The  length  of  Government  railways  open  for  traffic  on  the  31st 
March,  1906,  was  2.407  miles,  of  which  943  were  situated  in  the 
North  Island  and  1,464  in  the  Middle  Island. 

The  sections  of  the  North  Island  lines  consist  of  the  Kawakawa, 
8  miles;  Whangarei,  23;  Kaihu,  17;  Auckland,  393;  Gisborne- 
Karaka,  18  miles;  and  the  Wellington-Napier-New  Plymouth,  484 
miles.     The  Middle  Island   sections  comprise  the  Hurunui-Bluff^ 


ai^ 


KBW  ZBAIfAHD  OFFICIAL  ¥KAB-BOOS. 


witb  branches,  1,249  miles  ;  Westland,  117  ;  Westport»  81 ;  Nelson, 
33;  Picton,  H4  miles.  The  estimated  total  cost  of  conatrnction 
to  3lBt  March,  1906,  was  £22,498,972  (besides  jei,593,H3  spem  od 
ui3 opened  lines),  and  the  average  cost  per  mile  of  open  line  £9,410. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  number  of  miles  of  Govera- 
ment  railways  open,  the  number  of  train-miles  travelled  and  of 
pftssengers  carried,  and  the  tonnage  of  goods  traffic,  for  the  past 
sixteen  years : — 


T-, 

hmmth 

TWLtn- 
mlla««e. 

FMMOg^V*. 

Tickets 

Good* 

uxA 

IiiTe-«tock* 

TonA. 

1890-91  ,. 

1,643 

2,894,776 

3,433,629 

18,881 

2,134.023 

1891-92  ,. 

1,869 

8,010,489 

8. 555, 764 

16,341 

2,123,987 

1893-93  .. 

1.886 

3,002,174 

3.759,044 

16,504 

2,258,23& 

1895-94   .. 

1.948 

3.113.231 

3. 972. 701 

17,226 

2,128,709 

1894-95  ,. 

1,993 

3,221.620 

3,905,578 

28,623 

2,123,343 

1895^96  .. 

2,014 

8,807.226 

4,162,426 

36,233 

2,176,943 

1896-97  .. 

a. 018 

8.409,216 

4,439,387 

43,069 

2.46l.m 

1897-98  *, 

2.055 

3.666,483 

4,672,264 

48,660 

2,628.746 

1898-99  ., 

2,090 

3,tHJ8,708 

4.955,563 

55,027 

3.744,441 

1899-1900 

2.104 

4.187,893 

5,468.284 

63,335 

3,251,716 

1900-1001 

2,212 

4.620,971 

6,243,693 

82,921 

3,461.331 

1901-1902 

2.285 

5.066,3*H) 

7,356.136 

100,778 

3.667.039 

1902-1903 

2.291 

6.443,333 

7.575,390 

118,431 

3,918,261 

1908-1904 

2.328 

5.685,399 

8.306,383 

129.919 

4, 239 » 217 

1904-1905 

2,374 

6,107,079 

8,514.112 

140,453 

4,185.46a 

1905-1906 

2.407 

6.413,573 

8,826,382 

147,989 

4,415.16fi 

*  Th«  eqttiy«J«iit  tonnage  for  livestock  has  been  fflvtai^ 


H                                                                                             ^H 

^K         GOVERNMENT    RAILWAYS. 

1 

^^^                        REVENUE  AND  EXPENDITURE. 

1 

1895-1 896,  1900-1 901,  ]906'1906.      (Financial  Years.) 

1 

RECEIPTS. 

EXPENDITURE 

1 

J 

E2J49.704 

^m 

Mimm 

1 

^1,631.239 

^1 

X1J83,(H1 

jeii27,847- 

J 

£!bim 

1 

1 

I 

1896-1896         1900-1901.        1905  lRi36 

1895-1896         1900-1901,        190&-1906 

^1 

3 

RAILWAYS, 


3» 


be  revenue  lor  the  year  1905-6  amounted  to  £2,349 J04; 
Ihe  total  expenditure  to  £1,621,239,  The  net  revenue  — 
165 — was  equal  to  a  rate  of  £3  4s.  9d.  per  cent,  on  the  capital 

the  percentage  of  expenditure  to  revenue  was  6900.  The 
ogs  on  some  of  the  lines  ranged  as  high  as  £8    ITs,  4d«  per 

Jhe  particulars  of   the  revenue  and  expenditure   for   the  past 
years  are  given  herewith  :^ 


i 

P4 


III 


0*4 


'I 

a? 

"3 


o 


'  I 

M 

853,503 

864,617 

890,  t)  19 

102, Oia 
15885,149 
I6889»2a4 
r?  410, 160158.084 
16433,43060,672: 
« 475.553 
►0515.020 
(1544.976  72.7121 
►2  621,010  79,561  1 
65626,61*8  B7, 27a  1 
►4  704,660;  110,1511 
5738,1581  na.oeiji 
6(786.873!  1*2  &42  1 1 


M 

38,9971 
41.795| 
i4,S01! 
45,200 
43^270 
54,736 


66,418| 
08,488, 


£  i 

690*779  38, 33  2!  1 

G71,469'37,550;i 

707,785,38,3161 

686,469  39, 0Q8|l 

683,726  38, 7061 1 

698,115  40,9561 

774,163|43»751|1 

837,589  44,11711 

882,077:45,6171 

985.72354,6601 

.051.604!57.854jl 

,110, 575:63, 4311 

,189,101;71,966|1 

.293.160:72,6612 

.277.976  78,046  2 

,346,038174,15113 


£ 
, 121^701 
.115.431 
,181,521 
,172,792 
,150,851 
,183,041 
,286.158 
,376,008 
,469,665 
.623,891 
,727,2361 
,874,586! 
,974,038 
,180,641 
,209,241 
,349,7041 


1st' 


§EP5 

£  MO 


111 


£ 

700.703 
706,517 
732,141 
735,358 
732. I GO 
751,368 
789,054 
857,191 


M 

420.998 
408,914 
449,380 
487,434 
418.691 
431.673 
497,104 
518,817 


929,737^539.928 


1,052.368 

1,127,847 

1,252,237 

1.343,415 

1,438,724 

1, 492, 900716, 331 

l,621,239f728,465 


571,533 
599,389 
622,349 
630,623 
741,917 


62-47 
63-34 
6197 
62-70 
63-62 
63-51 
61-35 
62'30 
6326 
6480 
66*30 
6680 
(6805 
65-98 
67-58 
69  00 


8.    d. 
18  11 

15  9 
1    0 

17    9 
14     6 

16  0 

3  10 

4  10 

5  10 

8  5 

9  8 
8    6 

6  1 
11     8 

6    0 
4    9 


mt.— For  ISMkdG  imd  «i]hB«quetit  yoars  the  nuLwftys  li*ve  bi^eij  credited  wltb  th«  tiIim 
ee*  perfortiied  for  otKier  Ooveriiinont  deptutmeDtfl,  and  debited  with  the  TiJiie  of  work 
r  the  railw&ys  by  other  deimrtments. 

revenue    per  (average)  mile  of   railway   ojieo  during   the 
eas  £980,  and  the  expenditure  £67G  ;  equal  to  78.  3Jd.  and 

per  train-mile  respectively, 
be  total  number  of  oiiles  travelled  by  trains  was  6,413,573. 
n   addition   to   the   above   railways,   there   were   113  miles  of 
ite  lines  open  for  traffic  on  the  31st  March,  1906 — including  the 
Lington-Maoawatu  Kailway,  84  miles. 

Jbe  cost  of  the  constrncfciou  of  the  Wellington-Manawatu  Rail- 
lb  now  shown  on  the  books  of  the  company  as  £821,393, 
fat  the  rate  of  £9,778  per  mile.  The  term  *'  cost  of  con- 
ation/* as  applied  to  railw^ays,  includes  value  of  equipment, 
K-stock,  ^c,  not  merely  the  road-line  and  buildings.  The 
feamiDgs  for  the  twelve  months  ended  the  28th  February, 
lounted  to  £132,460,  and  the  working- expenses  to  £75,280^ 
ent  to  56  83  per  cent,  of  the  gross  receipts. 

Aus  trains  tan  Bailwa  ys . 
vemment  railways  open  for  traffic  in  Australasia : — 


830 


MBW  ZSAIiAND  OFFIOIAIJ  TBAS-BOOX. 


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rigs 


POSTiLL   AND   ELECTRIC   TELEGRAPH. 


331 


Postal  and  Electbic  Teleqkaph. 

There  were  1,937  post-offices  in  New  Zealand  at  the  end  of  1905. 

The  number  of  letters,  letter-cards,  post- cards,  books,  and 
1>€itteru-packets,  newspapers,  and  parcels  dealt  with  during  the  year, 
[^^<^rn pared  with  the  number  handled  in  1904,  was  as  under : — 


Toul  NamberdeaU  wftli. 


Lelten 

Lett^r-c&rdn 

Post-  c&rds 

Bookii  uDd  patters -packets 

NewfipaperE 

ParoeU 


1^4. 

65,1 19,560 

1,381.874 

2,310,051 

20,107,921 

21,500,744 

as?, 604 


1905. 

69,664,941 

1,431,320 

8,6il,Oi7 

23,707,y01 

23.62ei.a6'2 

a92,0l7 


Increase.^ 

4,545,381 
69.440 
1.340,476 
3,599,980 
2,12.5,618 
34,513 


The  average  number  of  letters,  &c.,  posted  per  head  of  the  popu- 
lation in  each  of  the  past  six  years  was, — 


1*00. 

1901. 

ilioe. 

190». 

1901. 

1900. 

Let&i^ra  and  tetter-cards  . , 

4901 

63-49 

6807 

7036 

7340 

7609 

Postcards 

243 

1'8S 

1^55 

168 

2-43 

3  38 

Hooks  and  par&elfl 

2110 

21-09 

21-45 

2180 

2162 

24-90 

Kewa  papers 

1617 

17-81 

16-79 

17-20 

18*23 

19-87 

The  facilities  afforded  for  the  transmission  of  parcels  through  the 
Post  Office  to  places  within  and  without  the  colony  have  proved  of 
mucli  convenience  to  the  public.  The  regulations  admit  of  parcels 
up  to  11  lb.  in  weight  being  sent  to  almost  all  the  ijnponaot 
countries  of  the  world. 

The  following  table  shoWs  the  number  of  parcels  exchanged  with 
khe  United  Kingdom,  the  Australian  States,  &c.,  in  1904  and  1905  :— 


Ooantry. 


Received. 


Number  of  F*rcelfi, 

,  DeapatebQd. 


1904. 

Dai  ted  Kingdom  and  foreign  ooiio-  43 ,  808 

tries  via  London 

United  States  . .             ..             ..  6,310 

Vanoouver         « .              « «              * .  386 

Victoria             ..             ..             ..  5,937 

New  South  Wales           ..             ,,  9,287 

Somth  Austraha              ..            **  417 

QaeentLland       . .             . .             . .  555 

Tasmania          ..            <.            ..  320 

Western  Aostralia          , ,             , .  292 

SamoA  12 

Fiji 67 

Ceylon               .*                           ..  390 

Untguay 

CapeColoov      ..             ..             ..  391 

Katai           '       ..             ..             ..  114 

India                    .             ..             \.  601 

Totals         *.             ,.  67,837 


1006, 
50,777 

6,083 

413 

7,056 

10.734 

443 

641 

358 

313 

20 

93 

340 

357 

85 

685 

76,400 


1W4, 
B,552 

1,321 

280 

3,062 

3,842 

394 

677 

589 

660 

175 

328 

74 

24 

445 

107 

204 

20,640 


ioa.>. 
8,7714 

1,515 

293 

3,067 

4,3iHO 

485 

894 

630 

526 

239 

397 

100 

29 

233 

278 

225 

21,669 


S32 


NBW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAI4   Y£AB-»OOK. 


The  declared  value  of  the  parcels  received  from  places  outside 
the  colony  was  £188,543,  on  which  the  Customs  dutv  amounted 
to  £39J28  la.  lOiK 

The  number  and  weight;  of  parcek  dealt  with  from  1897  to  1905 
are  given.  The  word  **  parcels  '*  in  the  first-named  table  includes 
the  parcels  herein  mentioned  : — 


1897. 


ISBft. 


Weight,  lb. 


19?t5M 
076,054 


fltM,e09 
098,301 


IflBOL    I    1900. 


1901. 


1908. 


221,3501  Sn. 
705,836!  m,994| 


9VS, 


;,4I2|    901,0701 
,33711,034,913 1,161,584 


1903. 


1004. 


ai7,fi04  soa.oir 


Mofiey-orders  and  Postal  Notes. 

The  number  of  offices  open  for  the  transaction  of  money-order 
business  at  the  end  of  1905  was  537. 

During  1905,  417,441  money-orders,  for  a  total  sum  of  £1,511,711 
19b.  lOd.,  were  issued  at  the  various  post-offices  in  the  colony.  The 
money-orders  from  places  beyond  New  Zealand  and  payable  in  the 
colony  numbered  30,007,  for  the  amount  of  £120,087  2s.  3d. 

The  number  of  offices  open  for  the  sale  of  postal  notes  at  the 
end  of  1905-6  was  G54  :  875,324  postal  notes  were  sold,  value 
4276,279  78.  6d.     Commission  amounted  to  £5,979  4s.  Ud. 

The  notes  paid  numbered  369,392,  value  £274,678  16s*  6d. 


(^^ 


Mail'Services. 

The  cost  of  the  various  mail-services  between  England  and  New 
Zealand  was,  in  1905,  as  follows : — 


Sah  Fbahcibco  Ssrvics. 
Paymentfl — 

Subaidies,  &c,    , . 
Interprovmotol  and  other  oharges 


ReoeiptB — 

Com  ribut ions  from  Fiji  , . 
Postagea  collected  in  the  colony 


1905. 

26.673  18    9 
4,687     7  10 


£31,361 

6 

7 

42 
16,463 

U 

9 

2 

10 

£16.506 

1 

0 

Loss  to  the  colony 


£14,855    5    T 


PbXIKSULAB  JLIXD   OElANTAXi    AKD   OBISKT  XjOTBS   SeBVICKS. 


Payments — 

To  P.  and  O.  and  Orient  Lines     . , 
Transit  across  Australia 

European  Contiaent 
Interoolonial  sorvtc«e 


J       a.  d. 

l.ntqi  u  4 

169  14  0 

326  19  1 

2,0!23  13  10 


£3,548    2    3 


MAtL-BEBVICBS. 

raiteges  collftoted  from  England  &nd  from 

foreign  offices 
Posteges  coUeoted  ia  the  eolony   . . 


Loss  to  the  oolony 


88S 


£        1. 

1,531  16 
1,877     7 


m,4m  3   6 

£138  la  10 


S&n  Franciacro 

P.  ftnd  O. 

Orient 

London  to — 

Service. 

Line. 

Line. 

Auckl&nd 

.      3106 

3<593 

3833 

Wellmgbon 

, .     32r29 

38*18 

3919 

Danedin 

. .     33  36 

39  18 

39-33 

Bluff 

. .      3410 

38*43 

38-57 

The  total  amouDt  of  postages  collected  and  contributions  received 
tor  these  services  in  1905  was  £19,915  4s.  5d. 

The  average  number  of  days  in  1905  within  which  the  mails 
were  delivered  between  London  and  each  of  tlie  undermentioned 
ports  in  New  Zealand  was  : — 

b  „„ 

The  first  Government  telegraph-lines  in  New  Zealand  were  con- 
stracied  by  the  provincial  authorities. 

The  Canterbury  Provincial  Government  opened  a  line  between 
Christchurch  and  Lyitelton  in  the  beginning  of  the  year  1863.  On 
the  li2th  February,  1864,  the  Southland  Provincial  Government 
opened  a  line  bee  ween  Invercargill  and  the  Bluff.  The  General 
Government,  subsequently  acquired  both  the  above-named  lines,  and 
furLber  established  communication  by  wire  between  Dunedin  and 
Invercargill,  also  Donedin  and  Christchurch.  on  the  25th  May, 
1865. 

Messrs.  Driver  and  McLean,  merchants,  of  Dunedin,  erected  a 
private  line  between  Dunedin  and  Port  Chahners,  which  was  opened 
to  the  public  in  1861,  and  accjuired  by  the  General  Government  some 
tune  after  the  opening  of  through  communication  between  Lyttel- 
ton,  Christchurch,  Dunedin,  and  Bluff,  referred  to  above. 

There  were  8,355  miles  of  telegraph-line  open  at  the  end  of  March, 
1906,  carrying  25,116  miles  of  wire.  5,640.219  telegrams  were  trans- 
mitted during  the  year;  of  these,  the  private  and  Press  messages 
QOmbered  5,351,084,  which,  together  with  telephone  exchange  and 
other  telegraph  receipts,  yielded  a  revenue  of  £273,911  Ts,  7d, 

There  were  twenty-nine  central  exchanges  and  seventy-two  sub- 
exchanges  on  the  31st  March,  1906.  The  number  of  connections 
increased  from  13,423  in  March,  1905,  to  15,333  in  March,  1906. 
The  subscriptions  to  these  exchanges  during  the  financial  year 
amounted  to  £89,542  Is.  5d. 

The  capital  expended  on  the  equipment,  Ac,  of  the  several  tele* 
phone  exchanges  up  to  the  31st  March,  1906,  was  £363,192  6s.  9d, 


884  NBW  ZBAI<AND  OFFICIAL  TXAS-BOOK. 

Pacific  Gable. 

The  cable  which  was  opened  for  traffic  between  New  Zei 
and  Australia  and  Fiji  on  the  9th  April,  1902,  was  completi 
Bamfield,  Vancouver  Island,  on  the  Slst  October  following, 
opened  for  international  business  on  the  8th  December,  1902. 

The  route  is  from  Doubtless  Bay,  New  Zealand,  to  Vanco 
Canada,  vid  Norfolk  Island,  Fiji,  and  Fanning  Island.  The 
tralian  connection  is  at  Norfolk  Island.  The  deep-sea  portic 
the  Vancouver-Fanning  Island  cable  is  stated  to  be  the  longc 
the  world.  Following  the  opening  of  the  cable  a  much  fastei 
▼ice  between  the  colony,  America,  and  Europe  has  resulted. 


SECTION  X.— MANUFACTORIES  AND  WORKS. 

[iDformation  respecting  iranufaotories  and  works  is  collected  only  once  in 
Q^ery  five  years,  at  the  time  of  the  census.  Fresh  information,  showing  the  full 
Q^Agnitude  of  the  industries  of  the  colony  both  as  to  number  and  value  of 
prodaotion  as  for  the  year  1905,  is  being  collected  under  the  authority  of  the 
Centos  Act  in  connection  with  the  enumeration  of  the  people  made  on  29th 
April,  1906 ;  but  the  compilation  of  these  manufactory  returns  is  not  yet  begun, 
&&d  meanwhile  the  information  given  last  year  is  again  repeated.] 

The  results  of  the  compilation  of  the  special  returns  relating  to  the 
various  manufactories,  works,  etc.,  in  the  colony  are  compared  with 
those  shown  for  previous  censuses  in  certain  of  the  tabulated  state- 
ments given  with  these  remarks. 

It  must  be  observed,  however,  that  whereas  up  till  the  time 
of  last  census  the  term  *' factory"  was  rather  held  to  mean  an 
establishment  where  manufacture  was  carried  on  wholesale,  where 
machinery  was  employed,  and  where  several  hands  worked  together, 
in  the  returns  for  1901  a  **  factory  "  has  been  interpreted  to  mean 
any  concern  where  two  or  more  persons  work  together  at  making 
articles  for  disposal,  wholesale  or  retail^  and  without  reference  to 
machinery  being  used  or  not.  Thus  the  return  seems  to  be  rather 
one  showing  industrial  workers  (and  their  production)  where  two  or 
more  are  found  together,  than  one  of  manufactories  to  supply  the 
wholesale  traders  or  making  for  export.  But  the  attempt  has  been 
made  to  approximate  the  census  results  to  those  of  the  Labour 
Department,  according  to  special  direction.  To  make  the  com- 
parison with  previous  census  figures  as  true  as  possible,  the  results 
for  all  the  dressmaking,  tailoring,  shirt-making,  millinery,  and  other 
establishments,  which  were  not  included  until  1901,  have  been  de- 
ducted from  the  totals  at  foot  of  the  summary  table.  Any  roughness 
in  the  comparison  caused  by  small  concerns  employing  two  persons 
only,  and  doing  a  retail  business  in  making  or  repairing,  having 
been  included  at  the  last  census,  but  not  before,  cannot  be  avoided. 
And  indeed  it  will  become  clear  to  any  one  reading  the  following 
remarks  that  the  large  increase  in  money  value  of  manufactures 
is  obtained  mostly  on  items  in  respect  of  which  moving  down  to 
a  limit  of  two  persons  engaged  would  not  materially  alter  the 
comparison. 

The  totals  for  the  industries  do  not  include  mining  and  quarrying, 
which  are  dealt  with  separately. 

Deducting,  as  above  mentioned,  from  the  total  value  of  manu- 
factures for  the  year  1900  the  results  for  such  industries  as  were 
not  included  in  1895,  a  most  satisfactory  increase  is  found  on 
analysis  of  items,  which  has  been  mainly  brought  about  by  develop- 
ments on  a  large  scale  in  the  following  industries : — 


336 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TEAK-BOOS. 


Vai-or  of  Output  fob  Ykak  1895  compared  with  1900. 
I  Inofftifcfte  in  Five  YeATf. 

I  ^ 

^        Meat  freezing,  preserving,  &c.  ...  ..,     2,182,616 

Butter  and  cheese  factories               ...  .,,  1,033,S76 

Tanning,  fellmongering,  and  wool-scouring    ...  650,866 
Foundries,  boiler -making,   range-making,  and 

engineering      ...             ...             ..,  ,..  621,356 

SawmillB,  with  sash  and  door  making  ...  369 » 882 

Printing  estabMshments  (not  Government)  ...  315,161 

Clothing  (with  boot  and  shoe)  factories  ...  242,122 

Breweries  and  malthonses                 ...  ...  240,468 

Flaxmills               ..              ..             ...  ,.,  170,946 

Gasworks             .,.             ..              ..*  ,».  91,542 

Chaff-cutting  works            ...             ...  ...  90,816 

Biscuit- factories  ...             ...             ...  ...  79,010 

Bacon-curing  eBtabtishments            ...  ...  73,542 

Coach  buihiing  and  painting             .  .  ...  67,108 

Woollen-mills      ...             ...             ...  ...  56,959 

Brick,  tile,  and  pottery  works          ...  ...  56,090 

Aerated-water  factories      ...             ...  ..,  53,202 

Cycle-factories     ...            ...            ...  ...  46,230 

Lime  and  cement  works    *..             ...  ...  29,261 

I  If  to  these  be  added  the  value  of  the  grass-seed  after  dressings 
£241,239  for  the  year  1900,  the  greater  part  of  the  increase  in  the 
total  for  all  manufactured  articles  (£7,591,789)  is  accounted  for. 
There  are  a  large  number  of  smaller  amounts  of  increase  than  those 
above  stated,  but  the  main  lines  of  development  are  sufficiently  io^ 
dicated. 

The  addition  of  tUe  figures  in  the  column  for  total  value  of  mano- 
factures  is  not  absolutely  justified  to  the  fullest  extent  of  the  amount 
shown  (seventeen  million  pounds  sterling) ;  but  in  the  present  state 
of  New  Zealand  industries  it  appears  that  the  degree  of  repetition 
of  value  is  not  so  great  as  to  prevent  the  total  given  being  of  great 
help  in  judging  of  development.  No  doubt  seventeen  million  pounds 
is  over  the  fact,  because,  for  instance,  butter  frozen  for  export  i» 
included  in  returns  for  meat- freezing  establishments,  and  also  in 
the  butter-factory  returns  ;  timber  cut  is  valued  under  sawmiliiug, 
and  some  again  in  the  furniture-making  line.  Also,  leather  is 
valued  in  the  tanning  returns,  and  some  part  of  it  again  in  the  boot 
and  saddlery  items,  But,  of  the  material  operated  upon,  a  great 
deal  is  imported. 

The  great  primary  industries  of  meat -freezing,  butter  and  cheeso 
making,  with  some  others,  do  not  mainly  provide  materials  fox 
making  other  wares. 


MAK0PAC1X>RIE6   AND   WORKS. 


337 


The  iron  which  is  used  at  the  foundries  and  engineering* works 
t  imported  to  New  Zealand. 

But  it  must  be  fiuiiiiitted  that,  as  Ihe  colony  advances  in  primary 
'ixadus tries,  deductions  will  have  co  be  made  with  great  discrimination 
f^irom  the  figures  in  the  column  **  Value  of  all  manufactures,"  in 
v^'cspect  of  the  amounts  given  in  the  returns. 

As  yet  it  is  held  that  the  addition  is  not  so  luuch  affected  by 
r^epetitions  as  to  render  the  result  other  than  useful ;  although,  as 
l^efore  remarked,  the  total  figures  are  admittedly  in  excess  of  the 
Actual  fact.  The  comparison  with  previous  census  results  is  still 
considered  valuable. 

Special  tables  in  the  Census  Volume,  following  the  summaries, 
fbow  clearly  that  quantities  rose  as  well  as  the  value  of  manufac* 
tares,  so  that  the  development  is  not  merely  a  question  of  market 
prices,  but  of  actual  output. 

In  1896  the  actual  increase  in  five  years  of  the  annual  output 
Was  found  to  be  only  JS775.52d.  But  it  was  noticed  that  there 
were  special  causes  for  this  amount  being  so  small ;  and  also 
that  quantities  showed  then  in  many  cases  a  certain  dej^ree  of 
dbvelbpment  of  industries,  though  values  had  not  been  maintained 
throughout. 

The  year  1896  was  admittedly  a  time  when  great  results  could 
Dot  be  looked  for.  Severe  financial  troubles  had  happened  shortly 
Wore.  The  phonnium  and  rope  industries,  iron -working  (imple- 
tnants  and  other)  were  not  thriving,  and  in  other  lines  matiers  were 
not  altogether  what  could  have  been  wished.  The  inquiry  for  the 
Jfear  1900  has  been  made  after  a  period  of  great  prosperity. 


MiJimPAOToaiss  and  Wobks,  1896  and  19^1. 


Haisber  of  MUbliiihmeKito* 


HAtid0  employed— 
M&let 
Pammles 


Totals! 


gea  paid— 
To  niAlefl 
Cem^ea 


Totftlai 


April,  March, 

No.  No. 

2.450  3,163 


93,986       35,438 
4,408       6,268 

27,389       41,726 


1,776,076  2,896,279 

131,516  S03.3S2 

1,907,61*2  3.098,561 


Lncraane, 

No. 
704 


12,452 
1»885 


14.337 


£ 

1,119,203 
71 » 766 

1,190,969 


*  OialttlBe  OovemmeDt  Railway  Workabot}p  and  GovartimQiit  PrintioK  Offloa. 

dodiagdresamakizLg,  taitoriDs,  ihii-t^tiiakitig,  uiillixiiiry,  dta  .  for  which  no  returuft 


^'''|i^  388  WBW    SBALAND  OPPICIAL  tBAR-BOOK. 


m 


iiV" 

if..  I 


i.M 


llAHCFACTOBatg  AMD  WOBKB,  1896  AVS  ISOl— CMtMlNMi. 


H.-p. 
88,096 

JflOL 
H..p. 
89.068 

IM 

in 

-     ] 

V 

£ 

£ 

1,063,989 
1,743,073 
3,988,955 

.    1,713.854 
3,419.803 
3,836,574 

641 
671 
83 

5,796.017 

7,959,681 

8.16 

Hone-power 

Total  approximate  value  of — 
Land 
Buildings 
Machinery  and  plant  . . 

Totals 


Under  the  heading  "  Hands  employed,"  the  males  incre 
from  22,98G  in  1896  to  35.438,  or  at  the  rate  of  nearly  64-1' 
cent,  in  five  years.  The  females  employed  increased  at  the  ra 
4281  per  cent. 

The  wages  paid  in  the  factories  or  large  industrial  works  c 
with  in  tlie  census  returns  were  returned  for  1896  at  £1,907, 
and  for  1900  £3.098.561. 


'   '  The  average  annual  amount  of  wages  paid  to  male  hands 

_  I  t  £77-2   in    1895   and  £817   in  1900.    For   females,  £298  in   1 

i\^;  • .  against  £323  at  the  last  census.     The  wages  of  both  would  see 

i  have  been  more  than  maintained. 


The  increase  for  the  year  1901  over  J  896  in  the  hor8e-p< 
stated  in  the  returns  was  10,956,  against  6,400  for  1896. 

The  approximate  value  of  the  land  used  for  purposes  of 
factories  and  industries  increased  from  £1,063,989  in  189( 
£1.713.254  in  1901.  The  value  of  the  lands  used  for  mining  ic 
included  in  the  above  figures,  and  the  value  of  Crown  lands 
been  omitted  throughout. 

A  very  satisfactory  development  will  be  found  in  the  vah 
the  machinery  and  plant,  from  £2,988.955  in  1896  to  £3,826 
in  1901,  being  at  the  rate  of  2802  per  cent,  for  the  period. 
value  of  the  buildings  also  increased  greatly. 

Industries  in  Pkovincial  Districts. 

All  the  various  industries  for  which  returns  were  received  in  I 
are  given  in  the  statement  below,  which  thus  enumerates  complc 
the  manufactories  and  works  in  operation  in  the  colony,  specif 
the  provincial  districts  in  which  they  are  situated  : — 


INDUSTRIES   m    PBOVINCIAL  DISTRICTS. 
ISTDtJSTBMa   IN   PttOVlNClAt  Dl8TBICT9» 


339 


Unuatmetonoa.  Workt*  ^e 


Number  of  todustrim  in  ProvIueiAl  DiatrlctB. 


food— 
Me&e  fraezing  &nd  preserviog 

works 
Hftin-    and    bacon-curiDg    es- 

UdU  aliments 
Pish   ounog    ftrid    proserviog 

worka 
Butti^r  And  cheese  faoiotiei. . 
'■        t  packing 

.^tsd-milk  fskotory 

food — 
nulls 

I  factories      . .  • . 

icuu.proBerving    and    jam- 

maktng  works 
SQgtr  bdiling     and     conleo^ 

Uooery  vworka 
Sa^ar  re  fining  works 
PruU  ounning  works 
Baking-powder  faoU}ries 
dmk»,   Darootioa.  attd   s^mu 
lanie — 

^■talihouses 
^■Colonial -wine  making 

A«Tat«d' water  factories 

Goffee  and  f  pice  works 

Tobac  CO  man  u  f ac  Lo n as 

Cig&rede  ma nu factories 

SaMoe  aod  pickle  faotorioi 

Vinegar- worka 

loa- factories 
Anlinal  taattert  (nol  oiberwise 
olatsed)— 

Booe  mills  ..  .» 

Sckap  and  candle  works 

Oloe-faclory 

Baut« ge- ski  D  factory 

Boiliog-down  works 

Manure-works 

Oleomargarine- works 

Fa^  refin  i  ng  works  . . 
Working  in  wood — 

Co<:}pQrages 

6a w mills,  aaah  and  door  lao- 
kiriea 

Barrow  and  ladder  factory  , , 

Wood  ware  and   turnery    fac- 
toriai 


^    I 


2 
4 

102 


S 
5 


9 
i 
4 
22 
4 
2 
1 
9 
3 
3 


I 
48 

1 

10] 


XI 


a 

33 


8 


8 
4 

87 


10 
8 
1 

34 
4 


3 
36 


4 
66^ 


III 


46 


30 


16 
10 

2 
27 

d 


1 
1 

7 

18 


is 


13 

12 

18 

42 
7 

1 

27 
7 
3 


15 
8 

'17 
5 


70 


34 

39 

38 

247 
7 
1 

78 
20 
13 

36 

1 

1 

11 


74 

33 

14 

125 

18 

3 

3 

23 
4 
9 


6 

34 

1 

10 

14 

5 

1 

1 

23 
334 

1 
38 


840  NBW   ZEALAND  OFFIOIAL  TXAS-BOOK. 

Industribs  in  Pbotinoial  DnrmcTS^eoniifmed. 


Namber  of  Indaitrias  In  Prorinoial  DIskric 


Manufactorieii,  Works,  Ac, 


Vegetable  produce  for  fodder — 
Gbaff-outting  establishmpntfi 
Qrass- seed-dressing  establish' 
ments 

Paper-  manufaotore — 
Paper-mills 
Paper  bag  and  box  factories, . 

Gasworlcs 

Electric  ligbtiDg  works 

Processes  relatlDg  to  stone,  clay^ 
glass,  &o. — 
Lime  and  cement  works 
Brick,  tile,  and  pottery  works 
Tobaoco-pipe  factory 
Monumental  masonry 
Glassworks 
GlaFS-bevelling  works 
Electro- plating  works  . .  ' 

Pumice-works 

Metals,   other    than    gold    and 
silver- 
Tin  ware-factories    . . 
Iron     and     brass    foundries,  i 
boiler-making,   machiniste, 
&c. 
Heel-  and  toe-plate  factoriea 
Engineering.works  . .  . .  I 

Range-making  works  . .  \ 

Spouting  aud  ridging  factories 
Lead-headed-nail  woiks 
Iron-pipe  and  fluming  works . . 

Books  and  publications — 
Printing-offices 

Musical  instruments — 

Musical- instrument  factoriee 

Ornaments,  minor  art  products, 
and  small  waren — 
Picture-frame  makers 
Basket  and  perambulator  fac- 
tories 
Cork-cutting 
Lapidaries  . .  . .  ' 

Equipment     for     sports      and 
games —  , 

Billiard-table  factories 

Deitigns,  medals,  type,  and  die^ — | 
Rubber-stamp  making 

Arms  and  explosives — 
Ammunition-factory  . .  I 


15 


6 


13 
13 


2 

10 

5 


&       8 


35 


8 


IS 


1 

IB 


18 
13 


«0 

1 


4 


« 


. 


IS 


1 

S     901 


Sj     18 
14 


3S 
9 


35 


INDUSTBIB8    IN  PKOVINOIAL   DISTBIOTS. 


341 


Humber  of  Industrlei  In  Prorlnelal  IMtttiiotv, 

^ 

Sr 

1 

J3 

^1 

H»ii(ifftclor{e«.  Wofto,  Me. 

5 

j 

1 

1  ' 

1 

% 

1 

1 

1 

Ifichlnes,     tools,    and    lm{)]«- 

jnents — 

Agriou  1  turil  -  implement   fac- 

e 

** 

3 

3 

it  . 

10 

12 

38 

tories 

fimeb  and  bf oom  factories  . . 

5 

m  m 

t   m- 

1 

,  ^ 

« ■  ' 

*  * 

S 

2 

12 

CttUeryfftciory 

1 

i* 

•  * 

i  • 

*  * 

4    * 

i , 

, , 

■  t 

I 

Benowfl-faciuiy 

1 

«• 

«  m 

*. 

, , 

. , 

, » 

1 

Gftrri&ges  and  vebioles— 

- 

Coach  building  and  palnling 

m 

11 

13 

44 

4 

9;     1 

m 

90 

160 

workfl 

1 

Cjcle-fftctoriei 

8 

i 

3 

10 

•  m 

si  .. 

S5 

31 

Tl 

Htroeflflj  saddlery,  and  le&ther- 

ware — 

' 

Saddlery  &tid  h&m^&fi  faotortei 

^ 

7 

7 

29;  .. 

5       1 

u 

30j  115 

Whip- thong  factorjea 

.. 

#< 

•  * 

1 

m-M 

1  * 

*  # 

1 

2 

PorLmsn  teau  -  f  aotori  e« 

i 

•  * 

*  * 

9 

m  w 

» * 

,  J 

■  * 

2 

6 

Tanning,   fell monge ring,  atid 

wool  ^  »ooaring      ©stablish- 

menta     .. 

16 

4 

15 

14 

4 

4 

-* 

29 

33   119 

Ship,  boaU,  and  Iheii  equip- 

meat— 

8bip*  aod  boat-btilldlng  yards 

17 

3 

1 

« * 

S 

1      ^ 

32 

Graving  docks  and  patent  Bllp» 

3 

j  j 

1 

»   T 

• , 

2 

1 

7 

Block  &n6  pump  factory 

1 

1  ■ 

, , 

, , 

«   * 

>  ■ 

, , 

.. 

1 

Sail  and  oilfikin  tactofies 

9 

1 

2 

4 

1 

1 

5 

T 

80 

Famiture— 

Fiijuiture  and  cabin e&making 

26 

14 

7 

36 

1 

4 

4 

20 

32 

144 

VenetiaD^bltnd  works 

'2 

6 

•  # 

2 

3 

12 

Mattrew- facto  riea  . , 

S 

3 

m  m 

» » 

2 

4 

12 

Woolf  rug,  and  m&l  making. . 

t  m. 

,  ^ 

»  * 

,, 

2 

2 

ObemiealH  aod  b>  -producGd— 

Perfu  in  a  ry  ■  m  an  u  f  ac  lory 

1 

■%  * 

1 

Vara  lab  <  in  an  uf aoiorie* 

s 

^^ 

1 

4 

Ink-manufac tones  . . 

2 

,   ^ 

1 

3 

B  arch-man  iif»oboricfl 

1 

2 

3 

Ch^micul-wofkH 

S 

^  < 

\ 

5 

8 

Effitoatite  paiiil  f&otodeB     . . 

t  i 

1 

3 

4 

S  hme  p'  d  i  p  f ao  ioties ., 

2,   ,. 

*  » 

1 

S 

Match-factories 

, , 

1 

m  m 

1 

2 

Herb  1 1  re  toed  i<?  a  f  aoto  ri  os     . . 

1 

4 

t   t 

3 

8 

Blacking' factofjea  . . 

1 

1 

>   t 

1 

8 

Gi<-c>annt-oil  milt    .. 

2 

*  *  i  •  • 

*   1 

■    m 

2 

Texfilfl  Pabriea — 

WooPoB-niiUa 

J 

1 

"  * 

3 

5 

10 

Floek-mtlls 

1 

1 

*  * 

1 

2 

5 

DUaomg  and  dyeing  works  . . 

5 

S 

!! 

,  ^ 

9 

1 

11 

0ra8-*— 

1 

Tai  1 0 ri  ng  ea tabli Bhmsn in 

32 

n 

3,    67 

r 

IC 

7 

22 

n 

175 

Dresamaktog    and^  mUlinery 

41 

e 

iSj    7e 

^,  *'g 

g 

3 

69 

6€ 

290 

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NBW   ZBAIiAND  OFFIOIAI^  TBAA-BOOX. 

Industries  in  Provincial  I>i8TBiGT8^eoiiltnt(«i. 


Ifanufactories,  Works,  Ste. 


Dress — continued. 

Shirt-iiiaking  efstabliRhments 

Gorpot  and  br^It  manufactocie8 

Clothing- factories  .. 

Waterproof  -  factorios 

Boot  and  Rhoe  factories 

Hat  and  cap  factories 

Ho'^iery- factor! ».  8 
FibrouH  materials — 

R-  pe  and  twine  works 

Bag  and  sack  factory 

Flax-milU 
Returns  not  included  in  above . . 

Totals,  Census,  1901  . . 
Deduct  tailoring,  dressmaking, 
shirt-making.and  monument  al 
masons'  establishments,  not 
included  in  accounts  taken 
for  1806  and  1891 

Totals,     Census,     1901 
(less     deductions 
shown  above) 
Totals,  Census,  189G  . . 

Totals,  Census,  1891  . . 


Number  of  Indostriae  in  Provinoial  Diitrlete. 


i 


I 


^  i  H  <  tz:  I  > 


4[ 
3! 
7 


^ 


I 


1 

31 
1 


3       1 


753 

85 


267 
21 


B 
3 
U 
B 
3 


160 


la  156 


667 


573, 


Si&  144 


123 


147 


577     68 


85 


25 
4 


707 


14 


m 

5 


5^ 


65^  ae 


3%!     60 


3331   77 


19& 
29 


17& 


154 


142 


7a 
10 


4    a 


9 
1 

27 

a 
51 


f    4 


3 

13 


101 


m 


547 


448 


g 

35 


16 


64gl  bob' 


10^ 


707 


515 


541 


s 

m 
u 

IT 

n 

1 

101 

T4 


51? 


316S 


Mm 

23M 


The  provincial  districts,  arranged  according  to  the  number  of 
industries  belonging  to  each,  specified  in  the  last  census  retumfl, 
stand  as  under: — 

Number  of  Industries,  excluding 
Mines  and  Quarries. 


1001. 

1886. 

1891. 

Otago 

707 

516 

641 

Auckland 

667 

673 

677 

Wellington 

562 

396 

833 

Canterbury 

647 

448 

380 

Taranaki 

246 

128 

68 

Nel«on 

176 

154 

142 

Hawke'sBay    .. 

144 

147 

85 

Westland 

68 

47 

51 

Marlborough     . . 

56 

50 

77 

Details  of  the  Principal  Industries. 
The  principal  industries  returned  at   the  census  of   1901,   and 
particulars  relating  thereto,  are  given  in  detail  in  the  following  table. 
These^industries  are  arranged  in  classes  according  to  their  nature  : — 


OBTAHiS  or  THB  PBINOIPAL   INDOSTBIB8. 


848 


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62,192 

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553,627 
105.671 

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850  NEW    EEALAin>  OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 

The  Bucceeriin^  statement  shows  the  most  important  ind 
in  operation  in  1901,  ranged  in  order  of  the  values  of  their 
for  rJOO,  and  compared  with  the  results  obtained  for  the  yean 
1690,  and  1885:— 

Total  Value  of  all  Maoufaetarea  or  Pro 
includiug  Ke|)&ira. 


*j-  *  Meat  frepzinp  and  preBerving  and 

boiling  down  wotki  .. 
Tannmu,  fcliinorgoriMg,  and  wool- 
scouring 
BiiitiT  Hna  ci  cose  factories 


igoo. 

1805. 

IWik. 

£ 

« 

£ 

3,834,891 

1.662.275 

1,464,659 

1.898,107 

1.237.252 

1,026,349 

1,585,150 

501,274 

160.957 

1.208,089 

898,807 

882,i»69 

924,171 

302,815 

403.635 

858,280 

616,158 

670.316 

704,285 

389,124 

854.559 

682,884 

874,050 

991,812 

C5'.),W8 

418,830 

380,849 

850, 3S2 

302,423 

279,176 

290,507 

199,025 

178,947 

241,239 

241,024 

85,327 

131, 314 

210,077 

148,909 

139,600 

203,492 

32,540 

234,266 

197,989 

118,979 

127,147 

109,313 

78,497 

63,236 

159,504 

80,022 

83,435 

168,049 

152,298 

155,714 

151,811 

98,609 

91,691 

147,020 

63,735 

37,347 

138,094 

102,054 

144,472 

122  230 

00,140 

50,830 

lliiiGOl 

23,702 

33,140 

98,587 

63,723 

14.297 

88,580 

33,235 

17.248 

87,803 

52,400 

70,711 

65,047 

18,817 

5,665 

64,834 

75,320 

41,568 

58,092 

30,108 

27,255 

45,811 

25,233 

35,847 

45,028 

74,339 

64,024 

45,142 

15,881 

19.416 

44,854 

30,106 

31,083 

40,298 

12,240 

4,628 

37,552 

18,276 

9,(»50 

37,521 

19,233 

11,540 

31,205 

9,::57 

6,650 

31,258 

13.417 

6.407 

80,074 

13,472 

10,682 

Sawmill,  RHCih  and  door  factories     1,208,089        898,807        882,i»69    1, 
Iron  Ki.d  bras-s  foiinnrio^,  b  iilcr- 

iiiitkii-g,   macbinistH,   &c.    (not 

includii-g     Governmenc     Uail- 

way  Workhliops) 
Clotliing  and  bcot  and  shoe  fac- 

torufl 
Printing  e«;tHl»iishniont.s   (not  in- 
cluding  Govcrnuient   Priiiiiug 

OfTict) 
Grain-niill.s     .. 
brL'woriis  and  mallhouses 
Woollon-iuilU 
Gasworks 
Grush  •  siod  -  dressing     establiKli- 

niunta 
Furniture  and  cabinetniaking  .. 
Cuac))    building     and     paiuiing 

works 
Flax-mills 
Bihcuit-fjir'toiiea 
Cliaff  cutting  works 
Bacon  curing  csablislimcnts     . . 
Soap  and  candlK  works 
AerHt«'d-water  fftctoiiew 
Sadul>  ry  and  harness  factories  . . 
Acr  ciiitiinJ-irnplfnieni  factories 
Hrick,  tile,  and  pottery  works    . . 
Spuuiing  and  ridging  works 
Tinwiir.'  factories 
Sugar  boiling   and  confectionery 

works 
Rope  and  t\>ine  works 
Cycle- factories 
Ciieiuical-woiks 
Fruit-prcherving  and  jam-making 

works 
Sliip   and  boatbuilding  works  .. 
ColUe  and  npice  works 
L'nio  and  cement  wr  rks 
Sail,  ttnt,  and  oiiskin  factories. . 
Bene -mills    ai.d  other  manure- 

woi  ks 
Woodware  and  turnery  factories 
Cooperages 
HcKieryfactories 
Sauce  and  pickle  works 
Sausage- skin  factories.. 


DETAILS   OF   THE    PBINCtPAL    INDUBTHtEH. 


851 


Total  Value  of  all  ManiiriM?turofl  or  Producflv 


H&t  And  cap  facto  Hot  * . 

Fish     curing      &fid      preserving 

works 
EleobriC'ligbting  works 
Brush  And  broom  fActoriet 
Herbil-remi^dits  f&oiories 
Baking  p  i«der  faobnri« s 
BaHkcrt    aod    perambulabor    fac- 

U>rie3 
Hatirrsfl' factories 
Paper- bibg    and    otirdboard  -  box 

faotonoR 
Wa(cr proof  f&ctorief?    .. 
VcQettan-blmd  factories 
Golon'Al-wine  works     ., 
Other    industries   in    re^p^cb    of 

wbicb  tbe  valUB  ct  the  roanu- 

f&ciiires  was  leas  tban  £8,000, 

and  feuudrj 


1000. 
£ 

25,641 

25,173 
23,234 
21,131 

18,lti3 

17,942 
15.2y(> 

14,217 
13,378 
13.233 
10,330 


10.902 
10,292 
23,303 
16,153 
11,020 


7,698 

22,354 

9,878 


1090. 

J 

21,628 

10,537 

13,340 

'6,637 

7,381 

i,497 

*i.776 
3,456 


1886. 
13,605 
12,183 
'7.786 
4,120 
4,375 


6.470 
8,626 


805,606        473,037        380,166        235,148 


The  order  of   the  principal  industries,  ranged  according  to  the 
Dumber  of  hands  employed,  is  as  follows  :^ 


SawmiUH,  sash  and  door  factories  .* 
Cloi^^ingand  bortt-ari'l-sboe  faobories 
Iron  and  bra^s  foundries,  boUer-makiog,  inaohinists, 

Ac. 
Printing  Fstablishments  (excluding  Government  Print- 

irg  OfBce) 
Meat  freesinef,  preserving,  and  boiling-down  works 
Tartfiirig,   fellmoogering,    and  wool-scouring  I'ssablish- 

ment^  . , 
Plrvt-mins  ., 

WfoUen-milis 

Fumittire  and  oabinetmaking  factories 
Boiler  and  che«»e  factories 
Coach  bitildirig  and  piiiniing  works 
Bri<;k,  tile,  and  pottery  works 
^Breweries  and  malthouses 
•t'ftiK'uib-f notaries    ., 
''Sftddlery  and  hfirnei^s  factories 
ifrteuhural-implement  faotories     .. 
Oaiwork4 
GrAiri'itiills 

Aenited- water  factories 
Crcle- factories 
Tinware  factories  .. 
6ogar-b'ilinji  and  confectionery  worka 
Hosiery' lactones   ., 
ChAff-cuttin^  works 
SpoiitiuR  nnd  ridging  works 
Sugar  r«- fining  works 
Soap  and  candle  works 
6a],  tent,  and  oit^kiri  faotoricB 
Ship- and  boat-bn tiding  yards 
Bacon -curing  establishments 


dumber  of  Hands. 

IWl- 

liigc. 

1801. 

6,812 

4,059 

8,24]6 

s.iiua 

4.407 

3,233 

3,590 

1,642 

1,787 

3,134 

2.351 

2,569 

2,283 

2,037 

1.668 

1,963 

1.629 

1,196 

1,698 

647 

3.204 

1,GVI3 

J, 416 

1,175 

1,310 

496 

535 

1.1% 

676 

269 

1,185 

807 

678 

833 

465 

494 

827 

500 

563 

667 

425 

331 

652 

266 

184 

686 

681 

628 

672 

295 

249 

515 

419 

499 

452 

347 

261 

395 

125 

31 

337 

289 

93 

305 

69 

53 

282 

133 

51 

266 

212 

205 

261 

90 

100 

256 

160 

110 

232 

1<»0 

209 

231 

143 

124 

211 

108 

145 

196 

123 

84 

352 


NBW    BBALAm>  OFFIOIAL  TBAB-BOOK. 


Rope  and  (wine  works 

Lime  and  cement  works 

Matob-faotories     . . 

Fruit-preserving  and  jam-making  works 

Woodware  and  turnery  factories 

Cooperages 

Fistj  curing  and  preserving  works    . . 

Brush  and  broom  factories. . 

Sauce  and  pickle  works 

Basket  and  perambulator  factories  . . 

Hat  and  cap  factories 

Waterproof-factories 

Ammunition- factories 

Sausage-skin  factories 

Paper  mills 

Chemical- works 

Paper- bag  and  cardboard-box  factories 

Coffee  and  spice  works 

Rabbit  prenerving  and  packing  works 

Grass-seed -dressing  establishments 

Colonial-wine  works 

Mattress-factories 

Eleotnc-lighting  works 

Venetian-blind  factories 

Cleaning  and  dyeing  works 

Bone-mills  and  other  manure-works 

Condensed-milk  factory 

Graving-docks  and  patent  slips 

Starch  and  soda  works 

Baking-powder  factories 

Pumice-works 

Corset  and  belt  manufactories 

Herbal- remedies  factories  . . 

Vinegar-works 

Portmanteau-factories 

Picture-frame  makers 

Tobacco-manufactories 

Sheep-dip  factories 

Industries  employing  under  20  hands 

Special  tables  relating  to  the  principal  industries,  with  comment8 
on  each,  have  been  printed  in  the  Year-books  for  1901,  1902,  and 
1903. 


NamtMrof  HsBdi 

190L         1806.        1 

m. 

192           150 

m 

184            79 

98 

183          191 

167          193 

ii7 

166            81 

51 

188            76 

5S 

187            76 

140 

128            92 

81 

128            68 

41 

118            76 

68 

117            72 

118 

114            93 

106            90 

80 

..            98            66 

78 

..            98            84 

48 

96          114 

55 

81            86 

35 

78          119 

81 

62            82        . 

60             ... 

, 

69            63 

S4 

66 

, 

62 

, 

61            46 

29 

61             68 

48 

47            46 

25 

33 

32            29 

64 

82            27 

IS 

29 

28            20 

. 

26 

, 

23 

23 

22 

22 

, 

20 

..7            29 

632           268 

'36 

I 


SECTION  XI.— LABOUR  LAWS. 

fhe  legislation  passed  by  the  General  Assembly  of  New  Zealand 
and  tenned  the  **  labour  laws  "  comprises  the  undermentioDed 
statutes  and  regulations  made  under  various  Acts  : — 

*'^  The  Accidents  Comper^saliaii  Act,  1901/' 

"'  The  Accident  lasurance  CompaDieH  Aot^  1902." 

**  The  Alcohohc  Liquors  Sule  Control  Act  Amendment  Act,  1895*'  :  860- 
tion  10  {re  hohday  on  liceiifiitig-election  dikj), 

"Tiie  Bank  Hclidaypi  Act.  1902/' 

•♦  Tbe  Bankruptcy  AgI,  1892  ** :  Seotiona  112  and  120  {re  wages  of  employees). 

**  The  Ctial  Qjinee  Act  Compilfttion  Act,  liM)5/' 

**  The  Ccvrnpanies  Act,  1B93":  B^ctioiis  1  &nd  249  (r«  wages  of  employees  of 
companies  tlmt  are  lieiiig  wound  up). 

**  The  Conspiracy  Law  Amendment  Act,  1891  "  \re  conspiraoy  in  trade  dts- 
putef « &c,). 

•*  The  Contractors'  and  Workmen'B  Lien  Act,  1892/'  (See  also  Threshing, 
maebine  Ownerii'  Lien  Act.) 

**  The  Criminal  Cede  Act,  1893  "  :  Sections  IM^  and  213  (re  mantera  and 
apprenticei.). 

**Tbe  Deaths  by  AocidenU  Compensation  Act|  1680/'  (See  aleo  Legitima- 
tion Act ) 

*'Tbe  Eleofcorftl  Act,  1905  "  :  Section  115  {r^  holiday  on  election-di%y). 

"The  Employers*  Liability  Act,  1882/*  with  amend nieuts  of  IHiU  and  1893. 

»» The  Fftctorieii  Act,  1901/'  with  amendmentft  ot  1902  ad  1905. 

**  The  Indujitna]  Conciliation  and  Arbitration  Acts  Compilation  Aot^  1905/' 
jLnd  AmeDdmeot  Aot,  1905. 

**The  Inspection  of  Machinery  Act,  1902,"  with  amendment  of  1903. 

"  The  Kauri-gom  Industry  Act,  1898/'  and  Amendment  Acts  of  1899,  1?>02, 
and  1903. 

-  Tbe  Labour  Day  Act,  1899/' 

'"  The  Labour  Department  Act,  1903/' 

''  The  Land  for  SottiementB  Conj^olidation  Act,  1900  '* :  Section  13  (pro « 
vieion  for  workmen's  homes)* 

**  Tbe  Legitimation  Act»  1894  "  :  Seotioo  6,  (See  Deatbe  by  Accident  Oom- 
peosatinn  Act) 

''  Tbe  Licensing  Act,  ISBl " ;  Section  131  {re  payment  of  wagea  at  botasei 
where  liquor  is  sold). 

**  The  Masiter  and  Apprentice  Act,  18G5/*  Master  and  Appientice  :  Extract 
from  "The  Criminal  Code  Act,  1893/*  sections  160  and  213. 

**  The  Mining  Act  Compifation  Act,  1905/'  and  Amendment  Aoti  1905. 

"  The  Public  Contracts  Act,  1000/' 

*'Thc  Servants*  Registry  Offices  Act,  1895/' 

**  The  Shearers'  Accommodation  Act,  1898/' 

''The  Shipping  and  Seamen  Aot,  1903," and  Amendment  Act^  1905. 

*'The  Shnps  and  Offices  Act,  1904/'  and  Amendment  Act»  1905. 

•*  Tbe  Titreabing-maohine  Owner«*  Lien  Act,  1895/' 

**  The  Trade- Union  Act.  1878/'  and  Amendment  Act,  1896. 

•*The  Truck  Act,  1891." 

*»The  Wages  Attachment  Act,  1895/* 

♦*Tbe  Wnges  Protection  Act,  1899"  (forming  part  of  and  to  be  read  with 
'♦The  Truck  Act.  1891 "). 

"  The  Workers'  C-^mpenaation  for  Accidents  Act,  1900,"  with  amendment* 
ol  1902.  1903,  1904.  and  1905. 

''Tiie  Workers*  Dwellings  Aot,  1905/' and  Amendment  Act,  1905. 
"The  Workmen's  Wages  Act,  1893/' 

12-Ybk. 


NBW    ZEALAND   OFlflCIAL   TEAH-BOOK. 


The  labour  laws  b&ve  been  paased  io  the  rfforl  to  ragut^te  c^rtAin  c<)n<{itioi 
afF>ctin£  employer  and  employed.  Thi^ir  scope  M3ibriice«  miktiy  difBcult  poaiuoi 
into  whicVi  the  txigencics  of  moderu  induatri&l  ]ife  have  forced  those  engaged 
trades  ani1  handicrafts.  The  general  tendency  of  these  lawM  is  to  iimehor&t«  kl 
position  of  the  worker  by  preventing  tocial  oppregsion  through  undue  infiu«fiC4 
or  through  urtBaciRfactory  conditions  of  f^anitation.  It  wiU  uodoubtedly  be  km 
that,  with  the  advance  of  time,  these  laws  are  capable  of  imprijvenit|^^ 
atnendment;  but  they  have  already  done  much  to  make  the  livee  of  om^| 
of  fuller  and  more  healthy  growth,  and  their  aim  is  to  prevent  the  initwH^ 
of  abunea  befoie  such  abuj^eii  attain  tormidaMe  dimenBions. 

The  manufacturing  population  in  New  Zealand  differs  from  thatic«oi 
of  the  Aufltralian  States  by  its  wii^e  disperfion.  The  capital  city  has  bitbetf 
been  unable  to  draw  to  ibstlf  the  industrial  ability  of  the  other  pro^meji 
oentret ;  and  not  only  do  Auckland,  Cliriaichurch,  and  Dunedin  vie  wtlj 
Wellington  as  centres  of  population ^  but  &t»«o  afi  nuclet  of  commercial  acM 
In  the  second  class  towns,  such  as  Nelson.  Nspit-r,  Inverc&rgtU,  Ac.  ma 
important  works  are  being  carried  on,  while  even  in  the  villages  and  ran 
di^trictft  the  progress  of  new  settlement  necesaitateB  the  manufacture  of  aittcl 
which  in  older  communities  are  produced  in  speoiaiised  h^salities.  Ml 
scattered  widely  at  the  numeroiiB  occupations  of  colonial  country  life,  sbearij^ 
harvesting,  bu5ihJellmg,  road-making,  or  sailing  ooaatal  vessels,  dsc,  require  le^ 
protection  agamiit  the  dangers  and  disabiU(.ie«i  to  which  their  oUltngsexpol 
them.  This  general  dispersion  of  iadu<;try  necessitatei)  not  only  a  wide  sy«te| 
of  BUpervision,  hut  legislative  measures  of  a  peculiar  character,  at  oofl 
BufEoiently  elastic  to  comprehend  many  varieties  of  funotioD,  and  yet  rigid 
orush  any  apparent  abuse, 

The  followinf?  explanatory  notes  on  the  labour  iawi  of  the  colony  art 
Mr.  E.  Tregear,  Secretary  for  Labour: — 

**By  far  the  mo^it  interesting  nnd  original  of  these  laws  is  the  Tnduitrf 
Conoilistion  and  Arbitration   Act,  ^rst  passed  in  1894.     This,  with  three  tat 
aroendlng  Arts,  was  cons  lidated  in  1900,  but  has  been  am**iided  afreah  id  19d 
1903,  and   19Qi.     The  subi^tauce  of  all   these  may  be  found  in  *  The  Industi 
Conciliation  and  Arbitrauon   Acta   CompiUt^on    Act,    1905';    but  it  has  t^T 
BUppUmented   with  the  amending  Aot  of  19Q5.     The  neceiisity  of   contlnui 
amendment   has   been    thrust   upun   the   Legis  atuftf   through   the  principle 
industrial  arbitration  of  a  judicial  character  being  entirely  unique  and  wttbi 
Btaiutory  precedent.     The  law  on  this  suhject  has  t^L>  bo  kept  flexK^lc  in  order 
me»-t  the  continual  necessitibs  of  change  and  growth.     As  difficulties  imj 
to  foresee  arise  on  the  untrodden  ground,  they  have  to  be  met  by  new 
cope  with  the  new  situation,  and  with  the  knowledge  which  can  only 
with  experience* 

**  Societies  oonsisting  of  two  or  more  employers,  or  of  seven  or  moreworkM 
m-iy  be  registered  and  become  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  Act  nta 
the  title  of  '  iiiiiuBtriiil  union/  Any  such  union  may  bring  a  trade  dispute  befei 
the  Board  of  Conciliation,  w^hich  Board  may  pr  oeed  to  inveAtigata  the  dispuu 
or,  on  rfquirement  of  one  of  the  nariiea,  may  refer  the  case  direct  to  the  Ard 
tration  Court.  If  the  dispute  is  left  to  tiie  Board,  after  taking  evidenoe  M 
the  Boaid  may  make  a  recommendation^  wiiich,  if  accepted  by  the  particfl.  * 
put  iiito  the  form  of  an  industrial  agreement  and  lias  the  force  of  law.  If  tl 
Board's  reoommeodation  is  ignored  for  a  moikth  it  automatically  beoomes  U^ 
but  if  rejected  the  dispute  is  carried  to  the  Court  of  Arbitration,  Tuis  Court 
oonsiKtinif  of  a  Prej^idpnt,  who  m  a  Judge  of  the  Suprt'me  Court,  and  two  othi 
members — one  elected  by  the  employers*  unions,  ihe  other  by  the  worked 
unions— has  wide  poweiH,  and  against  its  decisi  m^  there  Im  no  appeal.  Intpi 
tors  of  Factorifs  are  InMpectorH  of  Awards  und»*r  the  Arbitration  Act.  The  lal 
amendments  of  the  Act  are  mo-tly  in  the  directiou  of  giving  wider  notio« 
Court  sittiuge,  of  arrar^gmg  for  permits  bt^ing  givfn  at  lower  rates  Ibao  t 
minimuin  wage  mentioned  in  ihe  award,  and  ot  greater  strioinoas  Ld  mallei 
threatening  to  bring  about  a  strike  or  lock-out. 


LikfiOUB  LAWS.  355 

»•  *The  FA<^torie«  Act|  1901  *  is  a  oon  sol  id  at  ion  of  former  lef^JBlaiion,  but  with 
SpArtaiit  Amend metit^  within  itself  and  in  the  years  1902  &nd  1905.  The  Acts 
p&Bd»'d  prior  ro  1901  dealt  almost  exclnaively  with  the  protection  of  workmg- 
women  and  cbtldreii,  hut  thts  existing  law  takes  cogDi^ance  also  of  the  wr^rking* 
hour«<  of  mtfn«  and  Mrranaes  for  payjnef>t  bemg  made  for  overtime- work.  The 
forty -five-bour  w»-ek  is  inflisled  on  for  women  amd  youths,  except  in  woollen- 
mil**,  where  forty-eig>it  houi^aro  allowed;  but  U  in^  n  are  employed  over  forty- 
*  eight  hours  in  one  we«'k  overtime  mtist  be  piiid.  The  waives  of  young  pf^rsous, 
the  atatutory  holidays  (with  payment  therefor),  the  ref^ulated  hours  >  f  overtime, 
the  sanitation  atHi  hygiene  of  factorieH,  pro'  ision  of  tire^e^caner^,  drinking  water, 
fttj,,  are  all  i-arefully  arranged  for  under  this  Act*  Any  establishtneiit  whereia 
two  or  more  persons  work  to  produce  articles  intended  for  salo  is  a  factory  in 
K^w  Ze^lau'i.  All  bak^houaeR,  Nit  laundries,  and  all  places  wherein  Aftiatics  are 
empb'yi^d  are  also  f»vctorie*».  even  if  only  one  person  is  employed  therein.  This 
low  limit  is  maHe  rnainiy  for  the  purpose  of  in^peot'on,  in  order  tb>it  thf^  public 
ibould  n<a  be  injured  by  taint  on  food  or  clothing  manufactured  m  filthy  i-ur- 
rotindings,  'S^eAtini!*  had  almost  disappe'^red  in  New  Zenlartd  by  the  pro- 
hibition of  sab-contract trg  in  the  iseue  of  textiles  to  be  made  up  into  gurments. 
The  F*ctorifS  Act.  is  prfibably  one  fi  the  most  complete  and  perfeci  lawa  to  ba 
found  oti  tMe  statute-book  of  any  colony,  and  tti  grta  ly  appreciated  by  tha 
work»*r8,  while  the  hoaest,  lair  dealing  employer  is  himself  thereby  protected 
Irom  the  unacrupulout  proceedings  of  the  piratical  competitor. 

•*  •  The  Shop^  and  Offices  Act,  1904,*  ia  the  consolidation  of  the  Shops  and 
Shop-iw*i^tant«  Acts  of  1894,  1895,  1896,  and  1901,  but  was  itself  amended  in 
1906.  The  Act  rt'gulates  tie  hours  of  tts&istaniB  m  shops,  not  allowing  them  to 
exceed  fifty*two  h  nns  a  week  or  more  than  nine  hours  a  dav,  with  some  excep- 
llons.  Tne  shopn  are  to  be  kept  clean,  and  to  have  sanitary  oonditiona  necessary 
where  two  texea  are  employed  togt^ther. 

'*  A  weekly  haU-boliday  is  compul  orv,  hut  the  particular  day  of  the  week  Ifl 
left  lo  oe  cbo4f>ti  by  each  town  s-parAtely*  CompuUory  oloeing  of  shops  at  any 
hour  whatever  is  not  in^jsted  on  unless  under  certain  c  <Ddit)inR  wberehy  each 
lr«de  18  allowed  to  settle  its  closir^g  hoi-r  by  a  majority  vote  of  all  ahopkeepers. 
To  all  voung  peri^ons  waees  of  5:^.  a  week  as  a  minimum  must  be  paid,  with  an 
annual  ino'eiiMe  of  38.  per  week,  until  twf^nty  years  of  age  is  reached.  Overtime 
haa  to  be  paid  f<<r  in  both  shops  and  ofHces,  but  some  est&blibbmeots,  such  as 
banks  and  shipping  offices,  are  exempt. 

*'The  hoars  of  work  and  wages  are  subject  to  awards  of  the  Arbitration 

•*  *  The  Kmplnyors*  Liability  Act,  1882,'  added  to  and  amended  in  1891  and 
1892,  is  designed  to  proteot  workmen  from  negligence  on  the  part  of  employers  by 
defining  under  what  circumatances  eompensatton  for  injury  or  death  may  be 
recoverable.  The  Act  covers  all  employment  except  that  of  domes tio  si^rvice,  and 
does  not  allow  r>f  *  oontractlug  out '  from  its  provisiona,  or  permit  the  plea  of 
'onmtnon  employment  to  shield  the  employer  or  his  agent  for  payment  , of 
damages  if  inourr  d. 

'*The  laet-mentioned  Act  has  been  practically  snpersedpd  h?  ^T*ie  Workert' 
OompeD^ation  for  Accidents  Act,  1900'  lamenilments  1902,  1903,  1904,  and  1905), 
beoaufve,  while  an  accident  to  a  worker  bad  not  to  be  compensated  bv  an  employer 
under  ihe  £mploy<  rs'  Liability  Act  unleF^s  such  accident  had  ooeiirr^d  through 
hiB  carelessness  or  through  that  of  his  agent,  umier  the  later  Act  all  aooideDla 
are  lo  be  rem  pen  sated  nnlees  they  are  caused  by  the  seri  us  and  wilful  mlscon- 
duct  of  the  jierson  injur*  d.  This  compensation  is  In  no  sem^e  intended  t'^  be  a 
punishment  or  penalty  on  the  employer,  t^ut  to  be  a  means  of  providing  for  an 
Injured  workman  or  (in  case  of  his  deatb)  for  his  family. 

*^A  certain  number  of  accider^ts  take  place— these  numbpra  can  almost  be 
oomputed  be  orebarid  bv  actuarial  expt^rts—  in  spite  of  all  that  care  and  »-kill  can 
do  to  prevent  them.  The  workman,  m  case  of  indnBtrial  accident,  h>td  formerly 
not  only  the  ri^k  and  pam  to  bear,  but  the  m^mey-loi^B  of  wages,  the  medioal 


• 


i 


856 


NEW    ZEALAND   OmciAL   TBAR-DOOK. 


I 


ezpentieB,  and  in  iK>me  Avent^  the  ruin  o(  bia  (amiW,  in  order  that  promts  ttiigl 
be  made  by  others.  Novr  ibe  ezpenne  of  accident  U  borne  by  the  busin* 
ilself  MS  o  6  of  the  legiLtm^ite  expenaefi  of  OArrying  it  on.  To  meet  the  difficull 
of  too  gr-tki  expense  fiklling  8u<idenly  on  an  empioyer  through  hia  having  to 
Ur(?o  accident  com  pen  g&t  ion,  provi<>ioii  is  made  by  'The  Ooveromeni  *" 
InHuraroe  Act,  1890/  which  inBuren  employers  against  riok  of  payli 
pentiation.  There  are  aUo  several  private  insuranoA  oompanies  in  tbe 
whicli  uodertHko  these  risks,  and  are  regulated  in  some  degree  by  •  The  Acc^d^i 
Innurarict)  Coinpaiiiea  Act,  1902/  The  Workers'  Ckrmpensatioo  for  Aocii 
Aot  allows  compeoHatiaD  np  to  £100  m  case  of  death,  and  a  leea  sum  for  iDJXLtf 
•  Contracting  out '  is  permitted  if  the  alternative  scheme  tg  accepted  as  a  lij 
equivalent  by  the  Board  of  C^^noitiation  of  the  distriot.  'The  Accidents  Coi 
pens-ition  Act,  1901/  provides  that  an  independent  medical  examination  of  tl 
injured  person  m^y  be  order*- d  by  the  Judge  before  whom  a  claim  of  coi 
pensaton  for  accident  is  brought.  See  also  *  The  Deaths  by  Accidents  Coj 
pensatiou  Actf  ISSO,'  which  deals  with  the  status  of  persons  to  bo  bene^u^d  1 
com pe nidation,  and  also  *  The  LegitimaLlon  Act,  1894/  which  includee  illegitimj 
ubildren  as  lei^al  recipients. 

"'The  Workmen's  Wages  Act,  1893/  states  that  if  a  workm^an  ahatl  detsui 
payment  of  wage»  twenty-four  hours  or  more  after  they  are  due,  and  the  wifi 
are  not  paid,  the  worker  can  leg%Uy  attach  moneys  payable  to  the  contractor  I 
the  employer  until  suoli  wage^  are  paid.  Without  written  agreement  to  tl 
contra ry.  all  wages  mu^t  be  paid  at  intervals  of  not  more  than  one  wee' 
Before  the  passing  ol  *  The  Workers*  Compensation  for  Accidents  Act,  1900/ 
was  ascertained  tbac  certain  employers  were  taking  out  accident-iDsuran 
policies  on  their  work'ppoples' risks,  BO  as  to  remove  their  own  liability  in 
of  accident,  and  deducting  premvums  therefor  from  the  wages  of  the 
This  wae  considered  by  the  Legislature  a>4  not  only  tending  to  produce  m 
or  recklesftUFSfl  in  employers  aid  their  agents  or  foremeu,  by  removing  froi 
the  liabllitv  for  dam^gi^s  through  aocideuts,  but  waa  also  ooademiied  in  prineipi 
on  the  ground  that  it  is  agAinst  jiuacice  to  allow  an  employer  to  make  arbitral 
deductions  from  any  wftge  agreed  upon  and  worked  for.  This  caused  *TI 
Wag(*B  Protection  Act,  1899,'  to  be  parsed.  It  preveots  any  deduction  from  h 
fullv  earned  wagea  as  premiums  for  accident  insurance,  and  makee  any  sui 
deductions  recoverable  as  debts  within  six  months  of  suoh  deductions  " 
made. 

^'  *  The  Piibho  Contraofce  Aot,  1900,'  provides  that  in  every  contract  let  by 
public  bodv  (such  as  (he  Government,  a  municipality,  a  Harbour  Board,  Edui 
tion  Btmrd.  ic),  the  contractor  must  pay  such  rates  to  his  men  for  wages, 
time,  holidayM,  &c.|  as  are  g*^nerally  oonsidered  usual  and  fair  for  such  descriptld 
of  lahotir  in  that  locality,  or  as  fixed  by  the  Court  of  Arbitratioyi  for  theindustijd 
district,  whether  the  contractor  is  or  is  not  a  party  to  tbe  award. 

■  t  i^xbe  Truck  Act,  1S91;'  requires  that  payment  of  wages  or  earnings  sha 
not  be  made  in  goods  (locfanicaHy  known  as  *  truck  '  or  barter),  but  in  moD( 
any  contrt-account  notwitbstanding  ;  hut  there  are  a  few  exceptions,  such  as  fj 
advances  (or  food,  tor  Is,  &c.,  to  men  engaged  in  felling  bush. 

"  In  order  to  rninimHc  the  number  of  cases  wherein  fraudulent  or  unfortuni 
contrsctorfi  formerly  victimised  tboir  labourers,  "  The  ContractoiB*  and  Workmen* 
Lion  Art,  1892/   waa  broucht  into  existence.     This  entitles  a  person 
done  work  on  anv  land,  building,  or  chattel  to  a  lion  upon  such  property 
lien  is  only  to  be  exercised  under  ceriain  restrictiou^,  and  for  a  limited 
but  it  gives  priority  of  claim  for  wages  against  other  service,  and  enabj 
proceedings  f'^r  recr'tvery  to  b^j  taken  before  thn  attached  property  can  be 
of  or  alienated.     With  the  Cimtrtictors'  and  Workmen's  Lien  Act  *Tbte 
ing-raathine  Owner-'  L«en   Act.   1895/  is  also  to  be  oonsidered.     Liens   to 
Acqitired  for  fieourity  nf  miners*  wagefi  are  dealt,  with  in  *  The  Mining  Acts  G< 
pilation  Ace,  1005/  luid  in  *  The  Mming  Act  Amendment  Act,  1906.' 

'*  Among  the  enactments  for  the  neourity  of  wurkers'  wages  may  be  noti 
The  Companies  Act,  1903,*  which  gives  priority  of  paymeot  for  wages  or  sali 


if" 


^^V  LABOUR  LAWS.  357 

ftbove  ot>ier  dehtfl  In  the  event  of  fche  winding-up  of  a  compaT^y,  as  *  The  Bank- 
ruptcy Act,  1892/  d^»e8  in  the  case  of  ordinary  bankruptcy.  '  The  Wages 
ActAchmeiit  Aec,  1895,'  prev«niB  wages  below  £2  a  week  Crom  being  byp  the- 
CAied  for  d<>bt.  I(  does  not  interfere  with  any  workman  being  sued  for  debt 
in  the  ordinary  oourBe,  but  prevents  a  particular  creditor  from  £tepping  in 
before  others  and  sei^ihg  wages  in  advane*^  b'^Iore  Ihey  are  earned.  Tbe  wnges 
or  e»mit«gs  of  coaUminers  are  epecially  safeguarded  in  tbe  *■  Tbe  Gual-niiiies 
CompiUtioQ  Act^  1905/  and  al)  coridilioDH  c  f  other  mioerft  in  'The  Alining  Acts 
Compilation  Act,  1905.'  and  '  The  Mining  Act  Aniendnient  Act,  1905.'  No  nagos 
payments  of  ajiy  kind  may  be  made  to  workers  in  a  publiehou!^  or  other 
fmisen  licensed  for  the  sale  of  alcoholio  liqnors  ;  penalties  are  provided  under 
The  Licensing  Aot^  1881/  (or  any  such  payment. 

***The  Kauri-gum  Industry  Act,  1S98'  (with  its  amending  Acts  of  1899, 
1902^  and  1903),  regulfLtea  the  conditions  under  which  the  foBtii!  gum  of  the  gia-ot 
kAori  pine  is  dug  and  disposed  of  for  sale.  It  spcoifres  th»  different  olaeses  of 
■eiUers  who  may  obtain  lici^tiHes  for  diggini  ;um,  the  varieties  of  llGen»ea  to 
dif7  and  sell  gum,  and  the  pariicuUr  lands  en  which  the  right  to  dig  gum  may 
be  dzerofRed. 

**  •  The  Shearers'  Accommodation  Act,  1898,*  entails  on  Inspectors  of  Pac- 
lories  the  duty  of  inspecting  Bhearingsbed!!!  on  farm  a,  runs,  and  htatinns  all  over 
the  colony.  Proper  sleeping  and  otrur  accommodatloo  haA  to  he  provided  for 
•hearers — the  moat  nomaclic  of  workmen.  If  no  provision  is  made,  or  if  th«» 
aeoomiDodaiion  in  insnfliGlent^  formal  notice  has  to  he  served  on  the  owner  or 
oc>oupi«*r  ID  regard  to  improve  merits  to  be  effected,  and  if  the  notice  Ib  dis- 
regarded or  not  fully  complied  with  the  offender  can  be  brought  before  a  Miigis- 
trate  and  fined, 

**  The  licenses  of  registry  of!ices  for  domestic  or  farm  servants  are  regulated 
by 'The  Ser?*nta'  Registry  Offices  Act,  1895;'  This  Act  prevents  fripniilefft  or 
aoeducated  persons  from  becoming  the  prey  of  UD8orupulou>«perrtone,  ApplioaQts 
for  licenses  as  registry- office  keepers  have  to  pay  a  fee  to  the  GoTernment  and  to 
preeent  a  certiflcate  of  good  char  act  er.  Pr  p' r  ledgers  and  books,  open  to  in- 
ipection,  must  be  provided,  Rtgia  try -office  keopeis  are  not  allowed  to  keep 
lodiciDg'hoasefi  for  servants  or  have  any  intert-st  in  such  houses. 

*' *  Tbe  Shipping  and  Seamen  Act,  1903  '  (with  amending  Act  of  1905)^  con- 
taint  all  the  existing  legal  provi^iionH  affircting  tbe  protection  of  life  at  sea  of 
boUi  sailors  a*  d  passengerB.  They  relate  to  the  appcitstmeut  of  pilots,  ships* 
ctffioera  and  engineers,  the  engagement  and  dit^charge  of  sailor?,  the  aanitation, 
ventilation,  or  overloading  of  vessels,  and  the  number  of  duly  rated  handti  to  be 
engaged  in  proportiun  to  tonnage.  They  endeavour  to  prtivent  injustice  to  tbe 
•ailor  as  to  advance  notes  or  payments  in  foreign  money,  and  aUo  specify  penal- 
liee  to  be  iuEicted  for  desertion,  disobedience,  &(i. 

***The  Inspection  of  Machinery  Act,  1902'  (with  Amendment  Act,  1903). 
has,  as  its  name  implies,  the  oversight  of  all  macliint  ry,  whether  on  land  or 
water.  It  also  provideH  for  proper  persons  beiug  in  cijarge  of  machinery,  &o., 
and  for  certifioaies  of  engineers  and  others  in  charge  of  engines  ard  boikrs. 

"  •  The  Labour  Department  Act,  1903/  establishtd  that  Department  on  a 
•tatutory  bads,  although  it  bftd  b^en  in  practical  exiKtence  for  some  years.  Itn 
du^ie<i  are  to  administer  the  Icibnur  la^s,  and  to  furn^<^h  inforniatiou  on  all  in 
dust  rial  matters,  while  power  )h  given  to  certain  of  itn  offiotr*!  to  cclkot  statistics 
With  the  authority  wherewith  a  Crfiwu  Commisfeioner  is  invested. 

**  *  Th^  Master  and  Apprentices  Aptt,  1S65  *  apples  mainly  to  the  indentur- 
ing of  children  to  emp1ioyer»,  encb  ebiidrea  being  the  of!s|iring  of  destitute 
parents.  In  other  re8pect»4  the  Uw  of  England  i^  held  to  be  the  law  governing 
tile  relations  between  master  and  approntiie  in  ibis  colony;  but  this  is  tem- 
pered by  awards  of  tbe  Arbitration  Court,  which  allot  tbe  rntio  of  apprentices  to 
}oume}men  engaged.  Special  t^ections  of  the  main  Act  apply  to  the  pumanment 
of  appremices  for  absenting  tbtmselves  from  duty,  and  to  the  tine  on  a  master 
(or    neglecting  or  lU-using   hia    apprentice.     'Tbe  Griminat  Code  Act,   1893/ 


I 


358  NBW    BBALANO   OFFICIAL   TIAB-BOOS. 

seotions  150  and  213,  also  relates  to  the  proper  oare  of  appreniicei  by  their 
masters. 

«'  Combinations  or  assooiations  of  persons  (or  regalating  the  trade  relations 
between  masters  and  masters,  or  masters  and  vtorkmen,  or  workmen  and  work- 
men, are  to  bo  found  in  *  Tbe  Trade  Union  Aet,  1878,'  wiih  its  amending  Act  of 
18i^.  Practically,  bowover,  these  relationships  are  determined  bv  the  Industritl 
Conciliation  And  Arbitration  Act,  and  it  is  to  tbe  latter  stainte  that  atteotion 
must  be  paid  if  the  relation  of  worker  to  employer  is  to  be  understood. 

*'  *  The  Conspiracy  Law  Amendment  Act,  1894,'  permits  any  combiDstioo 
of  persons  in  furtherance  of  a  trade  dispute,  so  long  as  it  is  not  a  combins- 
tion  for  riot,  Bedition,  or  crime.  Later  legiblation,  however,  forbids  such  com- 
bination from  attempiing  to  evade  or  defeat  an  award  of  the  Arbitration  Court, 
or  to  promote  a  strike  or  lock-out. 

*'  Holidays  for  workers  in  the  different  trades  are  regulated  under  awards 
of  the  Arbitration  Court,  but  by  btatiite  are  referred  to  in  the  Factories, 
Shops  and  Offices,  and  other  general  Acts.  Special  enactments  relate  to* The 
Alcoholic  Liquors  Sale  Control  Aot  Amendment  Act,  1895,'  *The  Electoral 
Act,  1905,'  *The  Bank  Holidays  Act,  1902,'  and  *The  Labour  Day  Aot, 
1899.' 

"One  of  the  latest  departures  in  'advanced  legislation'  is  the  provision 
of  land  and  dwellings  for  labour  by  means  of  *  The  Workers*  Dwellings  Act, 
1905,*  'The  Wtirkers'  Dweilingfi  Act  Amendment  Ac,  1905,'  and  a  section 
of  'The  Land  for  Sotilenients  Consolidation  Aot,  1900.'  The  eicessive  rents 
which  workmen  have  had  to  pay  in  the  chief  centres  of  the  oolony  needed 
reform  in  some  protective  way,  and  this  method  of  attempting  to  aohieva 
the  object  has  been  adopted." 


Co-operative  Public  Works. 
Remarks  on  the  co-operative  system  of  constructing  public 
works  were  given  in  a  special  article  in  the  Year-book  of  1894 
The  numbers  of  workmen  employed  in  this  manner  under  Govern- 
ment Departments  during  each  month  of  the  financial  year  1905-6 
were : — 

Roads  and 


Month. 

Lands 

and  Survey 

Departments. 

Public  Works 
Department. 

Total. 

April,            1905 

2,042 

2,197 

4,239 

May, 

1,894 

2,574 

4,468 

June, 

1,849 

2,711 

4,560 

July, 

1,064 

2,888 

4,852 

August, 

1,963 

3,229 

6,192 

September, 

1.947 

8,392 

5,839 

October, 

2,054 

3,445 

5,499 

November,       » 

2,208 

3,689 

5,897 

December, 

2,601 

3,745 

6,346 

January,       190G 

2,801 

4,227 

7,028 

February, 

3,198 

4,563 

7,761 

March, 

8,622 

4,624 

8,246 

CO-OPERATIVE    PUBLIC   WORKS. 


369 


The  average 

lows : — 

Year. 

1891-92 

1892-93 

1893-94 

1894-95 

1895-96 

1896-97 

1897-98 

1898-99 

1899-1900 

1900-1 

1901-2 

1902-3 

1903-4 

1904-5 

1905-6 


number  of  men  employed  in  each  year  was  as 


Annual  average  last 
fif  ceen  years 


Roads  and 

Lands 

Public  Works 

Total. 

and  Sarvey 

Department. 

Departments. 

261 

527 

788 

280 

842 

1.122 

933 

1.015 

1.948 

1,103 

962 

2,065 

1,572 

764 

2.336 

1,459 

854 

2.818 

1,552 

890 

2.442 

1,618 

1,194 

2.807 

1,825 

1.243 

3,068 

1,820 

2,090 

3,910 

1,894 

2,678 

4,567 

1,319 

1,733 

8,052 

1,493 

2,305 

3,7^»8 

1.407 

2,119 

8,526 

3,440 

2,345 

6,785 

1,465 


1,437 


2,902 


Labour  Department. 

The  total  number  of  men  for  whom  employment  has  been  found 
the  Department  of  Labour  up  to  the  end  of  March,  1906.  is  given 
)w.  The  statement  also  exhibits  the  number  of  persons  de- 
dent  upon  the  men  assisted : — 

June,  1891,  to  Slst  March,  1892  . . 
1st  April,  1892,  to  dlst  March,  1893 
Ist  April,  1893,  to  31st  March,  1894 
1st  April,  1894,  to  Slst  March,  1895 
Ist  April,  1895.  to  3l8t  March,  1896 
Ist  April,  1896,  to  Slst  March.  1897 
1st  April,  1897,  to  Slst  March,  1898 
Ist  April,  1898,  to  Slst  March,  1899 
1st  April.  1899,  to  Slst  March,  1900 
1st  April,  1900,  to  Slst  March,  1901 
1st  April.  1901,  to  81st  March,  1902 
1st  April,  1902,  to  Slst  March,  1903 
1st  April,  1903,  to  Slst  March,  1904 
Ist  April,  1904,  to  Slst  March,  1905 
1st  April,  1905,  to  Slst  March,  1906 


Men. 

Dependents. 

..     2,593 

4,729 

..     3,874 

7.802 

..     3,341 

7,942 

..     3,030 

8. 888 

..     2,871 

8.424 

..     1,718 

4,719 

..     2,035 

4,928 

..     2,115 

4,759 

..     2,147 

4,471 

..     3,124 

5,432 

..     1,830 

2,747 

..     3,704 

5,934 

..     2,875 

3,237 

..     3,130 

3,274 

..     6,903 

7,324 

45,290 


84,605 


SECTION     XII.  —  OCCUPATION    OF    LAND;    AND    LIVE- 

STOCK. 

The  occupation  of  land  must  not  be  confused  with  ownership/ 
because  there  are  large  parcels  of  lands  held  which  are  unused  and 
unoccupied.  Neither  can  lands  occupied  be  properly  compared  with 
the  returns  of  Crown  lands  alienated  or  in  process  of  alienation,  for 
certain  lands  have  passed  into  the  hands  of  Europeans  which  were 
never  made  waste  lands  of  the  Crown. 

The  occupied  lands  of  the  colony  for  1905-6  have  been  re- 
turned by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  at  37,167,460  acres,  in- 
cluding Crown  lands  leased  for  pastoral  purposes  only,  or  656,306 
acres  in  excess  of  the  area  for  the  preceding  year. 

Tlie  comparatively  small  increase  in  the  area  of  occupied  lands 
is  apparently  mainly,  if  not  altogether,  caused  by  some  of  the  Crown 
pastoral  leases  expiring  and  not  being  renewed. 

Tables  are  given  showing  the  numbers  and  acreages  of  holdings, 
grouped  according  to  size,  for  the  last  five  years  in  which  the  De- 
partment of  Agriculture  has  compiled  the  information. 

In  1895  the  holdings  of  over  1  acre  in  extent,  as  returned  to  the 
Registrar-General,  numbered  only  46,676.  Holdings  occupied  by 
Maoris  were  excluded,  besides  holdings  of  exactly  1  acre,  also 
gardens  and  orchards  attached  to  residences.! 

*  The  latest  iDforination  in  reference  to  ownership  of  land  which  is  available  givM 
figures  up  to  the  :^l8t  March,  19(>2.  It  i»  contained  in  Parliamentary  Keturn  B.-20of  tbftt 
year,  and  states  the  totHl  number  of  owners  of  land  (town  and  country  holdings  of  all  sixes) 
to  be  115.713  for  the  colony.  The  most  important  figures  (showing  ownership  of  yroduetiv* 
land)  are  thohc  of  freehoMcrs  outside  boroughs  and  town  districts,  and  exclading holdings 
of  under  5  acres.    These  figures  are  :— 

New  Zeaj.ajjd  Owners  (Over  5  Acres). 


Year  1902 

...     43,7H5 

Year  iaS6 

...    34.450 

,.     1892 

...     38,9.35 

^     1883 

...    30.764 

.,     1889 

...     37,432 

+  At  the  census  of  April.  1901,  the  actual  number  of  persons  described  in  the  oensns 
schedtilefi  as  having  occupations  necessitating  their  occupying  holdings  of  land  was  40,144 
This  number  includes  28,:^i7  farmers,  3,220  ruuholders.  8Uo  mark^'t-gardeners.  2,388  horti- 
oulturiBts  or  gardeners,  4,7(n2  dairy-fariuers,  345  fruit-growers,  2i?  vignerous,  159  poultry- 
farmers.  35  bee-farmers,  and  34  others. 


OCCUPATION   OF   LAND. 


361 


OccupiBD  Lands:   Holdings. 
[This  and  the  succeeding  statement  deal  with  the  full  extent  of  occupied 
^<tAd,  including  Grown  pastoral  leases.] 


Number  of  HoMinRs. 

Siees  of  Holdings. 

19C1-9. 

1902-^. 

190  M. 

1904-6. 

1905-6. 

1  acre 

to        10  acres,  inclusive 

17,817 

18,348 

18.731 

19,629 

19,787 

10  acres  to       50 

11,631 

11,348 

11,386 

11,618 

11,746 

50 

100 

7,130 

7,239 

7,246 

7,640 

7,662 

100 

200 

9,332 

9,400 

9.570 

9,822 

9,9.^0 

200 

320 

6,898 

5,998 

6,146 

6,408 

6,531 

320 

640 

6,201 

6,387 

6,666 

7,043 

7,219 

640 

1,000 

2.324 

2,449 

2.497 

2,609 

2,750 

1,000 

6,000 

2,854 

3,003 

3,075 

3,318 

3,497 

5,000 

10,000 

393 

366 

379 

395 

408 

10,000 

20,000 

234 

217 

223 

225 

287 

20,000 

50,000 

165 

175 

169 

177 

166 

W.OOOi 

aicres  and  over 

103 

104 

106 

96 

90 

68,982    65,034    66,092    68,680    69,942 
The  holdings  are  shown  to  have  increased  by  the  number  of 
5,960  since  190 1-2. 

The  total  acreage  of  occupied  land  for  each  of  the  last  five  years 
is  shown :  — 


OccupiBD  Lands 

:    ACRRAOES. 

Sixes  of  Holdings                          1901-9. 

1909-3. 

1903-4. 

1904-6. 

1906-6. 

in  Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Ito 

10  inclusive             ...           73,954 

73.796 

76.464 

79.136 

79.996 

10  . 

60 

394.620 

314.940 

319,241 

391,444 

324,375 

50  . 

100 

560.888 

566,406 

570.736 

690.969 

»)l.909 

100  . 

900 

...      1.431,539 

1.424.965 

1.462.747 

1.497.078 

1.514.064 

900  . 

890 

...      1,543.749 

1,550.548 

1.504.245 

1,665.285 

1. 692.884 

390  . 

640 

...      9,8«6.787 

9.908,745 

3.016.780 

3.914.473 

3.H06.475 

640  . 

1.000 

...      1,924,969 

1,960,730 

9,(i07.Ml7 

2.129,093 

9.920.149 

1.000  . 

5,000 

...      5,849.516 

6,195,878 

6,171,815 

6,52:^,951 

6.955.810 

5.000  . 

10,000 

...      9.695,849 

9,600,348 

9.612,806 

2.706,2^ 

9.874.569 

lO.OUO  . 

90,000 

...      3,285,879 

3,146,714 

3,383,033 

3,265.856 

3.278.498 

9).0O0  • 

50.000 

...      5,578,887 

5,272.992 

5,107.555 

5,317,969 

6.273.472 

50,000  and  over 

...      9,571,246 

9.872,225 

10.158.242 

9,199.f^ 

9.056,576 

35,507,889  35,887.447  36.476,481  30.511.154  37.167.460 

In  regard  to  holdings,  out  of  a  total  of  69,942  in  1906  the  large 
proportion  of  39,094,  or  55*89  per  cent.,  were  from  1  to  100  acres 
in  extent ;  49,044,  or  70- 12  per  cent.,  were  from  1  to  200  acres  ;  and 
o5,575,  or  79*46  per  cent.,  were  from  1  to  320  acres  in  size.  The 
total  number  over  320  acres  was  only  14,367,  or  20o4  per  cent,  of 
the  whole,  thus  indicating  a  considerable  degree  of  moderately -close 
settlement,  although  the  area  of  the  holdings  over  the  320-acres 
limit  necessarily  shows  as  very  large  in  a  table  which  includes  the 
Crown  pastoral  leases. 

The  plan  of  excluding  these  leases  from  the  table  showing  the 
holdings  in  classes  has  its  advantages,  though  not  now  adopted. 

The  extent  of  land  occupied  as  shown  in  the  returns  according 
to  tenure  is  tabulated  for  each  provincial  district.  The  acreage  in 
the  last  column  of  the  statement  is  apparently  short  of  the  actual 
facts,  judging  from  the  figures  shown  in  the  table  of  *'  Crown 
Tenants,"  as  given  in  the  report  of  the  Surveyor-General.  The 
difference  may  he  in  what  has  been  returned  for  Crown  pastoral 
leases  to  the  agricultural -statistics  collectors  and  tVie  ^^^a  oh  v^Vv^ 
rent  is  paid  given  by  the  Lands  Department. 


362 


NEW    ZRALAND  OFFIOIAL  YBAB-BOOK. 

Occupation  of  Laitd:   Tsnubs. 


Provincial  Diitriota. 


Totol 

Are* 

of 

Holdings. 


Freehold. 


a   « 
2*1 8" 


3 


fmn 
MatlTes. 


Held  from 

Crown 

ander 

Difleraat 

Tennnt. 


I 


Aoree. 


Auckland 

Taranaki 

Hawke's  Bay 

Wellington 

Marlborough 

Nelson 

Westland 

Canterbury 

OtaRo — 
Otago  portion 

Southland  portion 
Totals 


..  I  6,294,995 
..  j  1.248.718 
..  I  8.015.558 
4.048.706 
2.439.983 
2.092.836 
635,627 


6.779.815 

7.606.293 
3,005.934 


Acres. 
4,030,885 

680.470 

1.805,416 

2.496,825 

741,258 

984.479 

59,007 

2,863.671 

1.533.395 
1.327.619 


37, 167, 460  16.473,025 


Aeree. 
862,180 

198,475 

250,931 

528,007 

68,948 

82,614 

22,628 

804,008 

569,991 
398.646 


Acres.         Aerss. 
867.0391,534,941 

123.876     295.897 

563.123     396.063 

350,657     673.317 

19,5841,610,198 

19,3631,005,880 

8.731     550.961 

49.1533,063.483 

8,2505,494.757 
15,6901,263.879 


3.286.378 


1.520.36615,887.691 


Arranged  according  to  the  number  of  holdings,  the  provincial 
districts  stand  in  order  as  under : — 

Auckland  ..  ..  18,673  holdings. 

OtaKo   ..  ..  ..  14,264 

Canterbury  ..  ..  ..  ..       11,792 

Wellington  ..  ..  ..  10.991 

Taranaki  ..  ..  ..  ..         5,193 

Hawke's  Bay  ..  ..  ..         3.368 

Nelson  ..  ..  ..         3.229 

Marlborough  ..  ..  ..  1.5«8 

Westland  . .  . .  . .  844 

of  tlie  North  Isiand  now  considerably 
iddle  Island,  the  numbers  being — North 
Island,  38.225;  Middle  Island,  31, W7.  For  the  year  1896-97  the 
returns  sliowed  29*535  holdings  for  thw  Middle  Island,  againsl 
29,369  for  the  North,  besides  36  holdings  at  the  Chatham  Islands 
of  which  no  account  has  been  taken  recently. 

The  full  details  of  holdings  and  acreages,  classified  according 
to  size,  for  the  year  1905-6  will  be  found  in  the  table  on  the  following 
page:— 


The  occupied  holdings 
outnumber  those  of  the  M 


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864 


NSW     ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TEAH-HOOE. 


Live-stock. 

A  comparative  table  is  presented  showing  the  increase  in  Iito- 
stock  since  the  year  1868.  The  figures  are  taken  from  the  ceosng 
as  far  as  1891,  bat  for  1895-96  ami  following  years  the  results  of 
the  enumeration  made  annually  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
under  "The  Agricultural  and  Pastoral  Statistics  Act,  1895/*  have 
been  made  use  of. 


As(i«t 

f9%t. 

BonM. 

Uulee. 

CAttlr. 

She«p. 

GOAtft. 

PlgB. 

Foaitey. 

1868     . 

..       14,912  '  122 

137.204 

1,523,324 

U.797 

40,734 

• 

]J8S1     . 

.»       28,275 

153 

193,285 

2,761,383 

12,191 

43.270 

236,08a 

1864 

.       49,409 

339 

249,760 

4,937,273 

12,005 

61.276 

878,414 

1807 

.  '    65  Jlf> 

323 

312,835 

8,418,579 

11.964 

115,104 

676,065 

1871 

.       81,028 

397 

436,592 

9,700,629 

12,434 

151,460 

872, I7i 

1874 

99 » 859 

267 

494,917 

11,70-1,653 

14,276 

123,921 

1,058,19$ 

1878 

,  '  137,768 

241 

578,430 

13,069,338 

14,243 

207,337 

1,303.549 

1881 

.  I  161,736 

362 

698,637 

12,985,065 

11,223 

200,083 

1.566,114 

1886 

.     187.382 

297 

853,358 

16,564.596 

10,230 

277,901 

1,679,031 

1S91 

.     211,040 

348 

831,831 

18,138,186 

9.055 

308.812 

1,790,070 

S895-96 

237,418 

426 

1,047,901 

19,826,604t 

• 

2:39.778 

1806-97 

249,813 

434 

1,13B,067 

19,138,493t 

• 

209,834 

1897-Ua 

253,834 

393 

1,2U'J,165 

19.087,9541 

• 

186,027 

1898-99 

258,115 

534 

1.203,024 

19.673.725t 

• 

193.512 

1899-19 

>00    261,931 

459 

1,222,139 

19»348,5U6t 

' 

249,761 

1900-1 

.     266,245 

480 

1,250,680 

19,355, lU5f 

250,975 

l90l-'2 

.     279,672 

406 

1.36U784 

20,233.099t 

• 

224,024 

19a2-3 

.     286.955 

464 

l,46rj,663 

20,342, 727t 

" 

193.740 

190a-4 

.  '  298,714 

468 

1,593,547 

18,954,5531 

• 

226,591 

1904-5 

.     314,322     448 

1,736,850 

18,280,806t 

« 

255,320 

1906-6 

..      326,537     429 

1,810,9:36 

19,130,875t 

• 

249,727 

*  Not  enumomted.  f  NamberB  for  April,  1895,  and  years  following. 

The  stock  owned  by  Maoris  in  the  year  1901,  which  is  included 
above,  comprised  317,436  sheep  and  36,943  tiead  of  cattle.  Tbe 
BUinber  of  horses  is  not  specified,  but  is  known  to  be  large. 


Fablb  saowmo  for  saoh  County  in  New  Zealani^  ths  Nukbbb  of  Hoi 
Cattle,  Shkep.  and  Pigs  jn  1905. 


J 


.           County. 

,     October, 

Cattle. 

incl  tiding 

CaWrB. 

Dftirv  CowH, 

lueludefl 

ill 

Sbeep. 
Including 

Octobor, 

1 

190A. 

Ocsiobeir, 
1905, 

foregoing. 

April,  1906. 

igoi 

Hingonui 

1,851 

9,344 

1,263 

17,769 

1.314 

Wbangaroft 

760 

2,098 

180 

7,728 

9U 

B»y  of  Is  lands     . . 

2,848 

13,804 

2,350 

25,010 

1.563 

Hokiaiiga 

2,796 

10,633 

1,759 

7.012 

2,537 

Rodney  . . 

2.614 

20.326 

5.075 

55,179 

1,411 

Wlmngarei 

5.159 

89,262 

10.718 

21.591 

2.112 

OUhmatea 

2.233 

16,735 

3,920 

36.963 

1,377 

Hobiw^n  . . 

1,659 

16,001 

2,560 

16,780 

1.047 

Wftitemata 

2,847 

16,302 

4,807 

29.268 

2.178 

Bdeii      . . 

6,071 

6,974 

8.907 

8.520 

1.934 

Munukaa 

9,169 

5b,U5> 

\      ^l.^^l 

n*^,-;^ 

7,933 

■ 

IjlVE-HTOCK. 

■ 

365 

TaBLK   saOWIKO   TBK   NUUBKII 

OF   H0B»E8 

Cattle,  Shkkp,  etc.— 

eotUinasd. 

ll 

^H            Coanlv, 

Boraes, 

October, 

Cattle, 
1    iucludlog 
1       Calves, 

Dnirv  Cow8. 
'      ititslndaci 
Id 

Sboen, 
ineludiEig 

Pi|(«» 

P 

J90A. 

1     Goto  her, 
1          1903. 

foregoiQg. 

April.  1905, 

|tj03. 

Coromandel 

1.038 

6,427 

939 

15,334 

729 

Th&mc8 

1,^03 

6,841 

2,452 

4,8;^.0 

l,i68 

Qhineniuri 

2,0'i5 

6,973 

2.886 

2,422 

2,072 

VVa>k&bo 

3.880 

25.730 

8,878 

28,113 

3,955 

lUeltkii   . . 

4,291 

35,068 

4,810 

74,352 

2,721 

WnipA    ., 

4,15ii 

27,011 

9,0S5 

19,543 

3,740               J 

Piako      . . 

3,HG5 

31.621 

8,597 

93,222 

2,279 

E*jit     Tftupo     Rtid 

l,4iM 

2,803 

701 

36.204 

1,259 

Rotorua 

Waitomo 

1,190 

6,499 

1,487 

|!      29,683 

f     1,321 

Kawhia , . 

88[> 

6,06.1 

609 

715 

AwakiQo 

648 

8.739 

296 

1         307 

West  Tanpo 

1,768 

6,911 

972 

|i 

(     2,014 

TtLurangtv 

3,410 

19,504 

3,987 

,          3,476 

2,400 

Whakafcano 

1,536 

7,451 

1,884 

1         19.768 

1,4*J9 

Opotiki  . . 
Waiapu  . . 

1,771 

8,681 

2,203 

1         17,008 

1.899 

5,:i<i2 

21,412 

606 

'       423,167 

4,306 

Cook       . . 

9,262 

77,9fXl 

6,411 

1,012,311 

2,900 

Wairoa  , . 

3,677 

16,755 

2,146 

609,015 

1,429 

Hawke'a  Ba> 

8,335 

46,782 

4,679 

1,036,135 

3,565 

Patartgata         auJ 

2,800 

43,071 

1,062 

713,238 

640 

Webrr 

Waipawa 
WoodviJle 

5.698 
1.4G6 

47,575 
14.536 

9,589 
5,475 

]    678,599 

J    2,643 
1    1,782 

Clifton   .. 

2,025 

26,609 

6,020 

19,269 

1,913 

Taranaki 

4,78:i 

54,818 

24,361 

17.986 

6,549              , 

EROiont 

2,Q80 

34,066 

15,740 

4,207 

3.730       .^ 

Stratford 

8,270 

62,536 

20,775 

81,861 

5,068       ^1 

Hawera 

6,273 

86.264 

40,356 

96.725 

14,409       ^ 

Patea     . . 

a,  708 

31,933 

9,926 

203,774 

2.709 

Waitotara 

3,28y 

17,667 

4.354 

124,377 

1,624 

Wanganui 

4,152 

23,265 

4,490 

326.907 

1,693 

Waimarino 

1,331 

5,620 

1,466 

61.558 

1,462 

Rangittkei 

7,238 

47,970 

8,752 

661,656 

3.307 

Kiwitea  .. 

2,935 

24,086 

6,370 

258,557 

2,081 

Ofoua     , . 

2,51G 

17,102 

8,648 

i     226,223 

J    8.322 
;     3,743 

Kairanga 

3,985 

22,572 

9,901 

Pohangina 

1,380 

15.312 

4,965 

116.675 

1.890 

Maoawatu 

3.451 

23,949 

10,505 

126,952 

4,256 

Horowhenua 

3,362 

28,333 

9,73(1 

125,015 

4,810 

Hatt 

5,655 

17,131 

8.366 

193,648  I 

3,897 

Peather«too 

3.456 

30,077 

4,391 

432,611 

1.995 

South  Wairarapa.- 

2,432 

22,78?1 

6,158 

108,685 

2,467 

MastertoQ 

4,062 

80,745 

3,254 

524,924 

1,443 

Caatlepoial 

630 

8.456 

216 

151,996 

33 

Akitio     . . 

1.59ti 

20,268 

2,378 

153.937 

771 

Pahiatua 

2,343 

23,993 

9,810 

187,302 

3,912 

Skdtatiuna 

1,161 

11,431 

5,158 

56,636 

1,703 

Maorioeville 

513  1 

5,449 

1,753 

62,024  1 

496 

Colling  wood 

451 

3,599 

1,215 

43,138 

678 

Takaica . . 

856 

4,175 

1,709 

1.558 

Waicnea 

6,122 

14,410 

5,631 

208,374 

3.951 

BoUer    .. 

650 

3,768 

1,340 

3.626 

691 

1 

366  NKW    EVALaNO   official   TBAlt-BOOX. 

Table  showinq  thb  Number  of  Hobsbs,  OATnji,  BmiEP,  VTC.—eonHwud, 


Ck>anty. 


Horses, 

October, 

1905. 


CatUe, 
iiicludlDg 

Calves, 
October. 

1005. 


Dairy  Cowi, 
included 

in 
foregoing. 


Bbeep, 
inelading 

Lam  ha, 
April,  1906 


October, 
1905. 


Grey 

1,044 

6.063 

1,934     , 

13,849 

1,056 

Inangahua 

1,055 

6.969 

1.823     ! 

23,251 

969 

WoHtland 

1,G99 

12.411 

2.513 

16.177 

803 

SoumiIr  . . 

271 

8,302 

898        : 

174.326 

1,015 

Marlborougli 

4,858 

11.247 

3,245  •; 

472.508 

2.313 

Kaikoura 

1,2-2'J 

4.201 

1.124     ' 

168.206 

480 

Aniuri     . . 

1,714 

5,066 

385     , 

409.557 

204 

Clieviot  . . 

l,l(i4 

2.560 

588 

176.215 

678 

Ashley    . . 

8,475 

19,365 

6,981    ; 

820,653 

6.159 

Akaroa   . . 

2,150 

21.578 

5.308      1 
421     > 

234,207 

J    8.203 
833 

Mount  Herbert    . . 

452 

2.606 

8elw>n  .. 

16,858 

34,884 

17,986    , 

768.685 

24,436 

Ashburton 

10.998 

11.586 

4.003       1.006,590 

9.374 

Mackenzie 

1,989 

4.567 

1.866 

4*/9.178 

.      658 

Oeraidine 

5.133 

9.267 

8,206     .1 
2,845     '1 

621,894 

f    3.666 
1,894 

Levels    . . 

4,433 

7.901 

Wainiate 

6,570 

14.855 

4,901 

C16.168 

4,699 

Waitaki.. 

7,269 

29.065 

11,836    1 

624.682 

6,666 

Maniototo 

2,499 

8,414 

2,007 

280,682 

510 

Vincent. . 

2,522 

6.270 

1.627     , 

262,267 

811 

Lake 

1.540 

4.038 

868     ' 

160,209 

623 

Waihemo 

1.537 

6.258 

2,434     i 

111,187 

814 

Waikouaiti 

1,676 

11,356 

6,661     , 

76.663 

1.920 

Taieri     . . 

7,360 

27,904 

9,937 

199.053 

4.660 

Bruce 

3,995 

11,204 

3.734     , 

164.930 

1.821 

Peninsula 

946 

7,507 

4.522    ! 

1.642 

898 

Clutba    .. 

5,287 

20.457 

6.251  ; 

289,389 

2.262 

Tuapeka 

4,254 

8,680 

2.897 

313.257 

1.149 

Southland 

19,971 

77,638 

24,746 

809,337 

10.655 

Wallace  and  Fiord 

5,909 

25,539 

6.112 

363,995 

2.487 

Stewart  Island 

12 

279 

99 

1,475 

76 

Totals 

326,537  ;  1,810,936 
inR  37,07i  heifers  over  two  y< 

517. 720*    19,130,875 

249,727 

•Notinclud 

sars  old  intendec 

1  for  dairyit 

>g. 

Live-stock  in  An 

^tralasia. 

The  following  gives  the 

number  ( 

)f  the  principal  kiuds  of  live- 

stock  in  Australasia  for  the 

year  1904 

-5:— 

state  or  Colony. 

Sheep. 

Cattle. 

Horses. 

Pig> 

Queensland 

10.843,470 

2,722,340 

413,165 

185.141 

New  South  Wales  . 

34,520,894 

2,177,129 

482,663 

330,666 

Victoria    . . 

10,167,691 

1,694,976 

372,397 

286.070 

South  Australia 

5,820,301 

272.459 

183,481 

111.497 

Western  Australia  . 

2,856,2tK) 

560,914 

90.102 

69.960 

Tasmania.. 

1,556,460 

202,206 

36,565 

77,943 

April.  1904. 

Oct.,  1904. 

Oct.,  1904. 

Oct..  1904. 

New  Zealand 

18,280,806 

1.736,850 

314,322 

255,320 

New  Zealand  thus  takes  second  place  in  order  for  number  of 
sheep,  third  place  for  cattle,  and  fourth  for  the  number  of  her 
horses. 


8HBBF. 


367 


The  losses  in  Australia  have  raisetl  this  colony  to  the  Seconal 

C>6ition  in  regard  to  sheep.     To  illustrate  this,  ihe  case  of  Queen s- 
nd  shows  19,856,959  sheep  in  1B95,  falling  to  10,843,470  In  1904. 
Cattle    fell   in   number  from    7,012.997   in    1894   to   2J22,340    in 

1904.  With  the  advent  of  good  seasons  these  losses  are  fast  being 
recovered. 

Sheep. 

The  returns  made  to  the  Department  of  Agriculture  show  a 
amaller  number  of  sheep  for  the  year  1886  than  the  census 
figures  given  previously,  because  the  account  was  taken  later 
in  the  year.  The  particulars  are  given  for  that  year,  and  each 
of  ten  years,  1896-1905,  distinguishing  the  number  for  the  North 
from  that  in  the  Middle  Island. 

According  to  these  returns,  the  flocks  of  the  North  Island 
increased  from  5,285,907  sheep  in  the   year  1886  to  9,388.605  in 

1905,  or  at  the  rate  of  over  77  per  cent.^  while  sheep  in  the  Middle 
Island  decreased  from  9,888,356  to  9,7413,270,  a  loss  of  1-48  per 
cent,  in  the  same  period.  For  the  North  Island  the  mcrease  during 
the  twenty  years  was  4,102,698  sheep,  while  in  the  Middle  Island 
there  was  a  decrease  of  146,086, 


Ye^r. 

North  lelaod. 

Middle  tsltttid. 

Total. 

1886 

.     5/285,907 

9,888,356 

16.174,263 

1896 

.     9,131,736 

10,006,757 

19,138,493 

1897 

.     9,540,717 

10,147,237 

19.087,954 

1896 

.,     9,864,945 

9,808,780 

19,673,726 

1899 

.     9,953,399 

9,395,107 

19,348,506 

19C0 

,     0,998,173 

9,957,022 

19,855,195 

1901 

.   10,218,945 

10,014,151 

20,233,099 

1902 

.    Kl.*186,84fi 

10,050,381 

20,342,727 

1903 

.     9,433,831 

9,520,722 

18,954,553 

1904 

.     9.203,903 

9.076,843 

18,280,806 

1905 

.     9,388,605 

9,742,270 

19.130375 

There  was  a  decrease  of  1,211,852  in  the  total  number  of  sheep 
since  April,  1902.  by  the  above  fip;ures,  and  a  slight  decrease  between 
1896  and  1905*  The  export  and  local  consumption  of  wool  de- 
veloped from  111,537,546  lb.  for  the  year  ended  September.  1891,  to 
150,541,110  lb,  for  the  corresponding  year  of  1905.  The  export  of 
sheepskins  and  pelts,  which  in  1890  was  2,292.521  in  number,  rose 
to  4.931.191  in  1905. 

In  spite  of  the  great  slaughter  required  for  the  export  of  frozen 
laotton,  the  number  of  sheep  in  New  Zealand  kept  up  wonderfully 
until  the  year  1902,  but  the  two  following  years  showed  a  consider- 
able decrease.  The  figures  for  1905  exhibit  a  large  increase  over 
those  for  the  previous  year. 

The  proportion  of  small  flocks  of  sheep  has  increased  very 
considerably,  and  with  smaller  tlocks  the  rabbit  difficulty  should 
be  easier  to  master  than  with  large  ones. 


368 


NRW   ZEALAND  OFFIOIAL  TBAR-BOOK. 


NuMBBB  OF  Flocks,  1886,  1891,  1896,  1901,  1908,  1904,  ahd  1905. 


sue  oi  Flocks. 

188G. 

1801. 

1806. 

1001. 

1008. 

1004. 

1905. 

Under  500      . . 

6,024 

8,272 

12,028 

11,700 

12,428 

12,177 

11,545 

600  and  under  1,000 

1,189 

1,691 

2,605 

8,059 

2,923 

2,909 

3.120 

1,000 
2,000 

2,000 
5,000 

747 
532 

969 
666 

1.4601 
892 1 

2,877* 

2,751* 

2,742* 

3,034* 

6,0<X) 

10, 000 

263 

287 

340 

897 

342 

862 

374 

10,000 

20,000 

228 

239 

231 

189 

207 

199 

2i>3 

20,000 fi 

knd  upwards    . . 
Totals 

166 

169 

147 

138 

110 

104 

97 

9,149 

12,293 

17,703 

18,860 
190S. 

18,761 
10 

18,493 

18,423 

1901. 

04. 

1905. 

•  From  1,000  to  2.500 

2.189 

2,081 

2.078 

2.S50 

• 

2,500  to  5.000 

... 

668 

670 

064 

T34 

2.877 


2,751 


2.742 


3.081 


The  average  size  of  the  flocks  is  found  to  have  been  1,659  sheep 
for  1886,  1,081  in  1896.  1,010  in  1903,  and  1,038  in  1905. 


Of  the  provincial  districts,  that  of 
in    1905,    Wellington   came  next,   and 
place.      The   full  particulars,  showing 
general  throughout  the  colony  with  the 
are  given : — 


Canterbury  had  most  sheep 

Otago  occupied  the  third 

increases  since  1904  to  be 

exception  of  Hawke's  Bay, 


Provincial  District.                     ^'**in  iS^^ 

Mo.  of  Sheep 
in  1905. 

InoretMor 
DecroMe. 

Canterbury 

4,031.681 

4.486.275 

454,594 

Wellington 

8,682.888 

3.948.588 

265,695 

Otago 

3,360,743 

3.547,768 

187,025 

Hawke'a  Bay  . 

3,061,188 

2.937.887 

-123,301 

Auckland 

2,037.078 

2,078.313 

41,235 

Nelson 

845.376 

863.161 

17,785 

Marlborough    . 

811,828 

815,040 

3,212 

Taranaki 

422,809 

423,822 

1,013 

VVestland 

27,215 

30,026 

2,811 

Totals    . 

..       18,280.806 

19.130,875 

850,069 

The  number  of  breeding  ewes  in  the  colony  in  April,  1905,  was 
returned  at  10,079,184,  and  in  April,  1904,  at  9.222,448,  an  increase 
of  856,736  for  the  year. 

Figures  for  ten  years  are  given.  There  is  an  apparent  disposi- 
tion now  to  avoid  an  unrestrained  slaughter  for  purposes  of  the 
frozen-meat  industry : — 


Bbeedinq-ewes. 

1896    .. 

. .     8,382.781 

1901    .. 

. .     9,906,616 

1897    .. 

..     8,687,193 

1902    .. 

. .     9,610,149 

1898    .. 

. .     8,445,012 

1903    .. 

. .     9,071,751 

1899    .. 

. .     8,661,746 

1904    .. 

. .     9,222,448 

1900    .. 

. .     9,257,054 

1905    .. 

..   10.079,184 

8HSBP* 


869 


The  annual  export 
"six  yeajTB  has  been  : — 


aod  coiisumptiou   of  sheep  during  the  last 


Ymf. 


Export  of 
Froteu  Mutton 

and  Lamb, 

includinK  l'ioc«« 

at  G*iJb 

to  ft  Sheep. 


Live 

Bheop  ei- 

portod. 


EatiLUftted 

ConBtiiiipiion  Id 

%ho  Ctrilony; 

G&rcaftea. 


Total 


1900  . . 

3.056,185 

3,840 

1,800.000 

4,858,075 

1901  - 

3^400,138 

3.668 

1,834,01X1 

5.237,806 

1902  , 

4,084,578 

48,047 

1,904,000 

6,036,625 

1903  . . 

4,Q22,622 

21,763 

1,1142,000 

6,886,985 

1904  * , 

4,r>17,8*i9 

7,4^0 

1/998,000 

6,023,259 

1903,. 

3,605,592 

11 » 729 

2,050»000 

5.667,321 

It  has  been  estimated  that  the  annual  consumption  of  mutton  in 
New  Zealand  is  equivalent  to  2- 25  sheep  per  inhabitant,  aud  that 
the  number  of  sheep  required  in  the  present  year  (1906)  for  food 
will  be  about  2,137,000.  {Maoris,  for  the  purposes  of  this  calcula* 
tion,  have  been  included.) 

Two  important  advantages  tliat  sheep- farming  has  in  New  Zea- 
land are  (1)  the  low  cost  of  the  production  of  mutton,  and  (2)  the 
bigh  percentage  of  natural  increase.  With  regard  to  the  high  per* 
centage  of  increase,  there  need  only  be  cited  a  few  average  returns 
from  well-known  Hocks  to  show  what  excellent  lambings  New 
Zealand  farmers  obtain  under  good  management. 

Lj^mbing  Returns.— a vBaAOBS. 


BmeAot 
Flooie* 


Breed  of 


Br«edof 
Bwiw. 


No.  or 

Bwefl. 


Peroest- 

UKOOt 


Bemmtki. 


linooln 


KoniDej 
Lincoln 

Merino 


Cross-bred 
Hallbred 
B.Leic'str 
Lid  coin 
R,  M&rsh 


Lincoln       Lincoln 


Romney 
Bouthd'n 


I  Lincoln 
Romney 
I  Lincoln 


Merino        Merino 
B.Leic*Btri 


Crosfl-bred 

Half-bred  , 

I  B.Leic*atr 

Lincoln 

fi.  Mariih 

E.  Leic'str 


Lincoln 

R.  Marsh 

E.Leic'strj  E.Leic'Htr' 

Shropshire  ShropHhire  Shropuhirel 
South d'n    I  Southd'n   I  Southd'n 


7,517 
I  5,3U1 
1 12,177 
I    1,141 

2,033 

I 

.  14,765 

I    4,235 

8,624 
2,747 
778 
452 
253 
464 
168 
114 


8104 
8505 
10000 
96-17 
94'71 
I 
75-36 
88-94 


80B2 
82  79 
90-77 
B8-0@ 
111  46| 
93-34 
97-41 
96-871' 


V  Land  merely  i 
I  surface  -  &0WII  < 
MD  English"  I 

grass     pftB- 
J  tiire, 

\  MountainouB 
[country  in 
I  native pai^tVe, 
)  uiiimproved. 


In    EngHah 
grasfi  posture. 


The  above  returns  are  lair  average  ones,  but  much  higher  might 
%YB  been  shown  if  exceptional  cases  had  been  selected. 


I 


370 


BiEW    ZK ALAND    OrPIOlAT.    YKilK-BUOK. 


GattU. 

The  cattle  as  enumerated  in  1905-6  for  each  provincial  distnct 
are  given  iii  the  next  table.  Here  is  showo  the  substantial  iricreaae 
of  74,086  head  of  all  claasea  over  the  number  returned  in  1904-5,  and 
of  no  less  than  24,678  io  the  number  of  cows  and  beifera  for  dairy 
purposes. 


1 

« 

,     s 

»  9 

1. 

ij 

111 

1 

ProTlQclftl  Diitricl. 

L 

1 

isS 

11 

fl 

ri 

Totals 

■ 

Auckland  .. 

8,04l'  91,164 

133,933 

84, 096^18, 570!  175,454' 

511,900 

TarAnakt    . . 

4,726   34 » 252 

130J04 

10,042   7,9241     99.238     286,916 

Hawke^a  B&y 

2.S90  33.114 

25,448 

51,079   4,343|     52,346     168,711> 

Wellington 

6,609, 

68,913 

120,432 

65,72912,311    1^,215     396.300 

Marlborough 

877l 

2,995 

6.327 

1,365    1,113 

6,683       18,750 

NelRou 

743 

5,966 

13.678 

2,717    8,417 

14,015        40,536 

Westlatid   .. 

309 

3,591 

4.893 

2.903|  1,130 

5.648       19,47i 

Canterbury 

1,949 

17.048 

i9.670 

3,967'  6,659     46.9151     126,108 

OtaRo— 

1             1 

Olago  portiau 

2,378 

18,239 

66,246 

9,0081  4.669     50.704|     141, m 

BoutbUud  portion 

1,543 

12,325 

34.065 

11,278  4.928     39.317     103.466 

Totakp  1906*6      . . 

39,06S  287,607 

574,794* 

242,16^64,864   612.434  1.810,936 

,      1904-5      . . 

117,992  262,592 

550, 116- 

218,248  63,496   614,406  l,736,fifil> 

Inorcase 

1,07S   26,016 

34.678 

23.921  1.868                 '      74.086 

DeGreaBB 

i 

_    -J 

1,972, 

*  loclufUlng  httirers  over  two  yearn  oM  mteoded  for  daijryUig:  fit,^5  in  IQ'H-^aDd  57/T4 
in  1906^5,    For  aclyal  ti umber  of  dikiry  cows  in  each  couDty  Bero  table  ou  pages  3(14  lo90& 

Out  of  a  total  of  1,810,936  cattle  in  the  colony,  the  North  Island 
is  shown  to  have  hail  1,362,474,  or  75  percent,,  while  the  Middle 
Island  had  448,462,  or  25  per  cent.  Similarly,  the  dairy  cows  sud^J 
heifers  intended  for  dairyina[  in  the  North  Island  numbered  409.91^^| 
or  71  per  cent.,  and  in  the  Middle  Island  164,878,  or  29  per  cent,    ^^ 

Thus,  the  North  Island,  which  has  a  slightly  greater  number  ol 
sheep  to  that  of  the  Middle  Island,  contains  besides  three  times 
ae  many  dairy  cows  and  other  cattle. 

Of  the  total  number  of  cattle  (1,810.936)  given  above,  517,720 
were  dairy  cows.  It  is  found  impossible  to  give  a  statement  of  the 
total  quantity  of  batter  and  cheese  made  in  the  colony.  All  that 
can  be  said  is  that  there  were  in  August,  1905,  298  cheese  and  butter 
Ctories,  with  448  Bkimming-stations.  473  private  dairies,  and  195 
aking-houses  reported  to  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  A  sum- 
mary of  the  returns  reTidered  to  the  Department  by  the  cheese  and 
butter  factories  of  their  output  for  the  previous  year  makes  it  possible 
to  arrive  at  the  approximate  quantity  of  cheese  and  butter  made  at 
them. 


CATTLE. 


371 


An  attempt  to  estimate  the  total  production  of  butter  in  the 
colony  can  be  made,  although  it  would  not  be  safe  to  put  forward 
the  result  as  anything  more  than  a  probable  approximation  to  the 
facts. 

First,  as  to  factory  production.  Accepting  the  information  given 
by  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  it  would  amount  to  49^  million 
pounds  annually  at  the  present  rate.  This  does  not  seem  too  high 
considered  in  the  light  of  the  last  returns  obtained  at  the  census  of 
March,  1901,  which  gave  30  million  pounds  weight  of  butter  as  the 
actual  produce  for  the  year  1900,  shown  in  the  returns  obtained 
Irom  each  factory. 

Secondly,  as  to  butter  made  on  farms.  This  can  only  be  esti- 
mated by  means  of  an  indirect  process.  Allowing  20  lb.  per  head  of 
the  mean  population  for  1905,  the  consumption  is  shown  as  nearly 
17^  million  pounds  weight.  Adding  34^  million  pounds  for  export 
gives  51f  million  pounds  altogether  as  the  total  supply.  Taking 
from  51f  millions  the  49^  millions  shown  above  as  made  in  factories 
leaves  only  2^  milUon  pounds  for  the  quantity  made  on  the  farms. 

The  census  returns  for  1891  gave  an  account  of  all  the  butter  and 
cheese  made  in  the  colony,  and  also  stated  the  number  of  milch 
cows  at  that  time.  Using  these  figures,  and  taking  2^  lb.  of  cheese 
to  be  the  equivalent  of  1  lb.  of  butter,  it  is  calculated  that  every 
milch  cow  furnished  the  milk  for  163  lb.  of  butter  (after  allowing  for 
consumption  of  milk  in  the  colony).  Mr.  Murphy  allows  200  lb.  of 
batter  to  a  cow  in  New  Zealand,  and  500  lb.  of  cheese.  According  to 
the  Year-book  of  Victoria  each  dairy  cow  (wet  or  dry)  produces  there 
Annually  386  gals,  of  milk,  which  might  render  134  lb.  of  butter. 

The  number  of  butter  and  cheese  factories  in  each  provincial 
district  as  in  August,  1905,  with  the  output  for  the  previous  year,  is 
next  shown : — 


ProYiucial  District. 

Number 
of  Factories. 

Skimming- 
stations. 

Output. 

Butter.        Cheese. 

Butter.      Cheese. 

~""   f 

Tons.         Tons. 

Aackland 

62       1           9 

113 

3,770J          349 

Taranaki 

87               11 

81 

7,249J  '       413 

Hawke'B  Bay 

13                 3 

22 

978           177 

Wellington 

30       1        23 

120 

6,689i 

l,278i 

Marlborough 

1       i          3 

1 

18 

228 

Nels  )n 

7                 1 

6 

255 

9 

Westland 

3                .. 

3 

57 

.. 

Canterbury 

10                 8 

41 

1,482 

377J 

Oiago 

11 

20 

61 
448 
444 

2,609 

2,289 

Totals,  1905     . . 

214 

84 

22,108J  ,  5,121 

.       1904     .. 

284 

20,707 

5, 853 J 

.       1908     .. 

272 

380 

18,035J 
14,716J 

5,038 

.       1902     .. 

264 

276 

5.600J 

372 


NBW    BBALAND' OFFICIAL    TBAB-BOOK. 


Of  the  above,  12  were  returned  as  "new  "  in  1905,  and  in  25 
cases  the  output  was  not  stated.  Three  factories  combined 
butter*  making  with  milk-preserving,  the  output  of  one  factory 
being  172  tons. 

In  order  to  encourage  dairy  farmers  to  improve  the  quality  of 
their  herds,  the  Government  has  from  time  to  time  imported  pure- 
bred stud-bulls,  which  are  located  in  different  parts  of  the  colony. 
A  small  fee  is  charged  for  the  service  of  these  animals. 


The  increase  in  horses  is  shown  for  four  census  years : — 

GensuB  Yean. 

1880 
1891 
1896 
1901 

At  the  enumeration  made  in  1905-6  (October  to  January), 
the  number  of  horses  was  found  to  have  increased  to  326,966  (io- 
eluding  429  mules  and  asses),  for  which  particulars  are  given.  It 
will  be  seen  that  the  Provincial  District  of  Auckland  had  by  far 
the  most  horses,  Otago  and  Canterbury  following,  Wellington  taking 
fourth  place. 


Number  of 

Numerical 

Increase 

Hones. 

Increase. 

percent. 

187,882 

23,658 

12-63 

211,040 
237,418 

26,378 

12-50 

266,245 

28,827 

12-14 

Provincial  District. 


Eutires. 


I     Mares    I    Mares  with    ,       Colts      | 
|lear8old.|  ti^ig  season.  |  Years  old.  | 


Auckland 

968 

1 
1  37,194  1  25.806 

9.782 

12,419 

86,169 

Taranaki 

162 

1     9.135  1     7,314 

2,569 

3,165 

22,345 

Hawke's  Bay 

189 

1     9.606  1     6,681 

2,617 

2,885 

21,978 

WelliDgton 

651 

[  21,875  '  17.875 

6,512 

7,697 

54,410 

Marlborough 

158 

2,531        2,045 

677 

963 

6,859 

Nelson  . . 

118 

4.597  1     3,624 

1,127 

1,669 

11.020 

Westland 

64 

1,234  [         741 

296 

414 

2,749 

Canterbury 

470 

24,440  j  18,150 

6,771 

8,286 

57,117 

Otago— 

1 

i 

Otago  portion . . 

346 

16,130  1  12,534 

3,923 

5,992 

38,925 

Southland    por- 
tion 

164 

10,369 

7,963 

3,016 

4,383 

25,894 

Totals,  1905-6 

3,180 

137,111 

102,733 

36,289 

47,653 

326.966* 

,      1904-5 

2,966 

134,787 

08,188 

33,915 

44,914 

314, 770* 

Increase  .. 

214 

2,324 

4,545 

2,374 

2,739 

12,196 

*  Including  420  mules  and 


in  1905-6,  and  448  in  1904-6. 


PIGS. 


373 


Classified  according  to  breed,  the  numbers  for  the  two  years 
under  review  are  : — 


1904-6. 

1005-6. 

Thoroaghbred 

8,406 

9,308 

Draught 

118,697 

126.490 

Other  breeds  (harness  and  saddle)  . . 

172.795 

176,153 

Ponies  under  14  hands 

14,424 

15,586 

Mules  and  asses  . . 

448 

429 

Totals 


814,770 


826,966 


Thoroughbred  stallions,  imported  and  owned  by  the  State,  are 
stationed  throughout  the  colony,  and  are  available  to  breeders  at 
moderate  fees. 

The  export  of  horses  from  New  Zealand  is  not  so  large  as  might 
be  expected.     The  figures  for  1905  are :  To  Bengal,  144 ;  Victoria, 
~    ;    New   South  Wales,   88;    Tasmania,   7;    Western 
United  Kingdom,  4 ;   and  South  Sea  Islands,  22 :   a 


61  ;  Fiji,  51 
Australia,  6; 
total  of  383. 


Pigs. 


The  figures  given  in  the  accompanying  table  are  those  compiled 
by  the  Agricultural  Department,  and  for  1905-6  show  a  decrease  of 
5,593  in  the  total  number  of  pigs  for  the  previous  year — 255,320. 
The  Auckland  Provincial  District  has  more  pigs  than  any  other, 
Canterbury  following  closely. 

NUMBEB  OF   PlOS  IM   EACH   PbOVINCIAL  DiSTBICT. 


Sows  over  One 
Year  old  kept 
for  Breeding. 

9,150 

Sows  under 

Barrows  or 

Provincial 
DiBtricl. 

Boars. 

One  Year 
old  kept  for 
Breeding. 

SowB  all  Ages 

kept  for 

Fattening. 

Totals. 

Auckland 

1,579 

3,923 

44,858 

69,510 

Taranaki 

691 

4,171 

665 

27,944 

88,371 

Hawke's  Bay 

291 

1,682 

233 

7,953 

10,069 

Wellington 

1,181 

7,132 

910 

36,684 

44.907 

Marlborough 

109 

594 

278 

2,827 

3,808 

Nelson     . . 

226 

1,076 

289 

6,968 

8,649 

Westland 

60 

301 

49 

1,449 

1,869 

Canterbury 

942 

5,947 

1,416 

46,107 

68,412 

Otago— 

Otago  portion    . . 

617 

2,363 

387 

17,767 

21.034 

Southland  portion 

289 

1,721 

328 

10,886 

13.218 

Totals.  1905-6  , 

6,886 

84,037 

8,373 

201,432 

249.727 

1904-6  .. 

6,860 

37,479 

9,623 

201,868 

265,320 

Decrease 

466 

8,442 

1,250 

436 

6,593 

Angora  Goats. 

The  Goverment  has  introduced  some  pure-bred  goats  by  way  ol 

encouraging  the  breeding  of  this  animal.     There  are  several  privately 

owned  fiocks  in  the  colony,  and  the  production  of  mohair  should  be  a 

profitable  undertaking.     The  animals  thrive  on  dt^  ^cxviVJo^  <iQv«i\»t^ . 


374  HBW    BBALANO  OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 


Phoducb  of  New  Zealand. 

Estimated  Value   of   the   Produce   of  New   Zeftlund   («zola«ve  of  Building 
Trades  outpui)  for  the  Year  1903-8. 

1.  AgricuUural,  pastoral,  and  dairy  produce  . .  . .  18,600.000 

2.  Mining  output  ..              ..              ..              ..  ..  8,200,000 

3-  Finheries  and  forests       ..             ..             ..  ..  1,200,000 

4.  Manufactures   (othtir    than   those  included  above, 

beiug  the  great  primary  industries*)   ..  4,700,000 


Total  (excluding  value  of  building  trades  outputf)  £27,700,000 


*  The  produce  of  creat  primary  indastrien,  such  as  meat-freesiiig  estaUiahmenti, 
butter  factories,  sawmills,  Ac,  have  been  included  in  items  1  and  8. 

f  To  add  the  value  of  building  trades  output  would  inerease  the  total  sum  to  over 
thirty  millions  sterling. 


SECTION  XIII.— AGRICULTURE 

By  the  Agricultural  and  Pastoral  Statistics  Act,  passed  in  1896  # 
the  duty  of  collecting  returns  devolved  upon  the  Department 
of  Agriculture.  The  plan  adopted  is  similar  to  that  used  in  the 
United  Kingdom,  the  account  of  land  laid  down  in  crop  being 
made  up  at  an  early  date,  while  estimates  of  produce  are  made 
after  the  results  of  threshing  are  known. 

A  summary  of  the  particulars  obtained  at  the  collection  made  in 
October,  1905,  is  now  shown,  with  the  finally  corrected  statements 
of  yield  of  the  principal  crops.  Full  remarks  on  the  progress  of 
agriculture  in  New  Zealand,  in  respect  of  all  its  features  in  detail, 
are  supplied  in  the  special  article  devoted  to  the  subject  which 
appears  as  the  first  of  Section  II,  in  Part  III. 


AOBICULTUKE. 


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376 


NBW   ZEALAND  OFFICIAL  YKAU-BOOK. 


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AGBICULTURB. 


877 


ACBIAOB     UHDBB     SOWN     GRASSES,    AND    CULTIVATION    GBNSBALLT,    FOB    BACH 
OOUNTT,   AS  ON  THB   15TH  OCTOBBB,   1905. 


Ck>unties. 

In  Sown 

Graases, 

after 

having 

been 

ploughed. 

In  Sown 
Grasses, 

not 
previously 
ploughed. 

liand 
broken 

up 

but  not 

under 

Crop. 

Total 
under 
Crop. 

§ 

1 
0 

a 

1 

a 

ii 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

MangoDui  .. 

6,743 

17,802 

105 

1,168 

86 

177 

27 

Wbangaroa 

481 

6,701 

2 

161 

25 

90 

, , 

Bay  of  Islands 

6,436 

37,549 

42 

1,226 

141 

289 

68 

Hokianga  . . 

745 

31,012 

52 

685 

150 

371 

63 

Rodney 

12.345 

88,120 

763 

1,174 

180 

1,119 

97 

Whangarei 

21,109 

123,568 

169 

2,217 

122 

1,135 

38 

Otamatea  .. 

8,621 

87,462 

332 

850 

67 

347 

108 

Hobson       . . 

3,908 

45,163 

12 

348 

99 

125 

86 

Waitemata 

24,278 

39,710 

1,414 

1,940 

344 

2,399 

263 

Eden 

15,864 

5,229 

155 

940 

1,402 

636 

292 

Manukau  . . 

125,525 

87,635 

4,303 

20,411 

376 

1,447 

1,236 

Coromandel 

3,317 

15,222 

6 

302 

43 

61 

7 

Thames 

4,950 

7,218 

6 

909 

90 

391 

26 

Ohinemuti 

8,791 

9,709 

98 

1,604 

309 

170 

30 

Waikato     . . 

73,825 

33,460 

516 

11,689 

162 

487 

9,073 

Raglan 

19,169 

129,904 

335 

4,982 

32 

227 

48 

Waipa        .. 

72,148 

11,650 

275 

16,013 

152 

699 

430 

Piako 

134,162 

43,600 

996 

18,602 

102 

278 

991 

Waitomo    .. 

4,627 

17,794 

25 

814 

57 

44 

20 

Kawhia 

320 

19,288 

358 

33 

11 

1 

Awakino     . . 

131 

41,163 

178 

5 

6 

, , 

West  Taupo 

14,443 

9,743 

"60 

2,806 

7 

29 

71 

East  Taopo  &  Rotorua 

4,696 

16,500 

14 

1,376 

60 

58 

3,161 

Taaranga  . . 

34,455 

31,555 

943 

10,750 

97 

537 

217 

Whakaiane 

7,432 

12,157 

39 

4,149 

11 

46 

18 

teSL  ::      :: 

16,381 

16,952 

150 

4,467 

27 

85 

8 

1,729 

217,382 

31 

2,382 

34 

74 

13 

Cook 

32,790 

596,535 

76 

10,965 

282 

476 

824 

VVairoa 

15,933 

266,351 

131 

3,005 

72 

157 

229 

^awke's  Bay 

166,091 

346,039 

548 

19,563 

667 

1,116 

1,827 

V^aipawa   . . 

79,719 

336,695 

16 

17,906 

225 

194 

1,808 

Vroodville  . . 

8,170 

80,792 

29 

1,934 

35 

198 

100 

^atangataand  Weber 

70,824 

345,668 

27 

4,171 

113 

107 

772 

Clifton 

16,742 

74,153 

, , 

3,049 

99 

58 

1 

^aranaki    .. 

51,615 

96,419 

15 

7,214 

399 

354 

220 

^gmonk 

23,251 

74,692 

3,033 

68 

41 

4 

Stratford    . . 

2,882 

188,710 

2,665 

89 

21 

34 

Hawera 

64,197 

141,766 

28 

8,688 

280 

123 

416 

Patea 

36,933 

128,614 

15 

5,629 

58 

162 

416 

Waitotara . . 

21,598 

76,653 

138 

3,904 

191 

230 

167 

Waimarino 

142 

30,531 

530 

10 

21 

, , 

Wanganai . . 

17,813 

174,873 

"27 

3,752 

120 

246 

406 

Rangitikei . . 

62,484 

293,790 

221 

18,251 

822 

608 

1,321 

Kiwitea      . . 

4,451 

157,591 

75 

4,076 

32 

128 

67 

Pohangina 

365 

91,956 

3 

862 

14 

130 

26 

Oroua 

9,532 

78,694 

18 

7,157 

113 

313 

181 

Eairanga    . . 

15,878 

74,221 

76 

5,048 

407 

441 

234 

Manawatu . . 

35,783 

66,078 

226 

15,859 

120 

131 

467 

Horowhenaa 

4,348 

108,645 

109 

3,319 

145 

299 

164 

Hatt 

7,011 

177,602 

63 

1,733 

684 

254 

>      29a 
^      ^^^ 

Feathenton             ..  1 

60,047 

186,074 

257 

io,Be« 

\     nc 

i     x^-^ 

378 


NIW    XIALAHD   OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 

ACRBAGB  UNDBB  SOWK  QRABSKS,  BTO. — OOlllNNMtf. 


"" 

*:  . 

Counties. 

In  Sown 

Grasses, 

aftor 

having 

been 

ploaghed. 

Acres. 

In  Sown 
Oraasas. 

not 
previoasly 
ploaghed. 

Land 
broken 

up 
batnol 
ander 
Crop. 

Total 
wider 
Crop. 

a 

1 
a 

8 

1 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Acres. 

Aorat 

Acres.' Aom. 

Wairarapa  South     . . 

28,955 

142.676 

21 

8,666 

88 

151 

282 

Masterton  . . 

27.033 

282.786 

424 

12,981 

189 

168 

434 

CaHtlppoint 

2,562 

92,567 

80 

920 

91 

81 

159 

Akitio 

1,186 

115.022 

83 

118 

47 

86 

55 

Pahiatua   .. 

1.497 

147.194 

, , 

1.708 

98 

217 

78 

Eketahuna 

2.845 

62.190 

148 

847 

44 

61|       48 

Mauriceville 

662 

41.908 

. , 

261 

19 

29]       15 
861  1,S80 

Marlborough 

59,825 

185.649 

996 

36.649 

968 

SouDds 

2.5G0 

69,255 

2 

298 

8^ 

7*    m 

Kaikoura   . . 

29,086 

56,154 

61 

8,064 

83 

37 

149 

ColliDgwood 

1.524 

14,378 

6 

280 

18 

76 

8 

Takaka 

4.823 

24.260 

88 

1,966 

18 

210 

4 

Waimea 

29,207 

155.614 

776 

93,281 

891 

9,497 

449 

Bullcr 

728 

8,367 

2 

199 

7Q 

141 

.. 

Inangahua 

5.216 

24,127 

Sid 

979 

5 

74 

8 

Grey 

3,915 

21.710 

, , 

489 

44 

119 

3 

Westland  .. 

4.248 

80,163 

1 

977 

94 

102 

3 

Amuri 

58.422 

92,636 

105 

9,994 

76 

22  1,8S4 

Cheviot 

32.432 

20.897 

60 

9,179 

86 

98 

651 

Ashley 

268,296 

164.163 

2.686 

96.044 

687 

44a  2.388 

Selwyn 

294,522 

25.541 

2.980 

187.766 

9,069 

1,816 

5,875 

Mount  Heroert 

!        9,929 

23.250 

, , 

706 

14 

84 

106 

Akaroa 

1       11.330 

156,791 

. , 

1,949 

119 

285 

387 

Ash  burton.. 

1     425,425 

25,423 

3,083 

174.447 

617 

421 

9,970 

Geraldine  . . 

139.043 

30.497 

2.868 

60.564 

970 

245  1,741 

Levels 

84,772 

6,043 

901 

48.842 

424 

263      933 

Waimate    . . 

228,334 

31.068 

2,059 

86.478 

254 

147      948 

Mackenzie.. 

68,536 

17,406 

631 

19,468 

126 

37      605 

Waitaki      .. 

:     186,997 

35,113 

1,694 

71.123 

461 

3051     931 

Waihemo  . . 

34,183 

12,188 

501 

9,996 

67 

62       85 

Waikouaiti 

23,994 

49.270 

336 

6,280 

101 

102      136 

Peninsula  . . 

4J5^ 

l:^,tjSl 

, , 

1.350 

176 

18:       48 

Taiori 

90,776 

18,764 

546 

28,566 

659 

337,     446 

Bruce 

'     104,116 

6,018 

519 

35,810 

214 

91.     303 

Clutha 

'     lftG,819 

20,827 

1,114 

49,350 

824 

130      529 

Tuapeka     . . 

■     108,081 

16,013 

1.231 

32,667 

161 

477  1.668 

Maniototo  . . 

52,122 

2,787 

427 

22,737 

265 

^   ^S 

Vincent 

.       25,564 

36,167 

1.3:% 

14,802 

121 

251,       83 

Lake 

12,413 

9,339 

4,280 

11,483 

130 

78;     904 

Southland  . . 

,     538,265 

67,407 

9,881 

186,611 

1,185 

482      88^ 

Wallace  and  Fiord  .. 

154,578 

34,745 

1,610 

57,819 

82 

80      191 

Stewart  Island 

145 

561 

' 

13 

18 

^i    1 

Totals.. 

4,773,734 

7.745,727 

54,080 

1.535.384 

18.916 

27.81061,479 

The  extent  of  land  in  cultivfttioo  (iacludiug  sown  grasses  dioi 
land  broken  up  but  not  under  crop)  amounted  to  14.161,150  acres. 
Of  this  area,  land  under  artificial  grasses  comprised  88-45  per  cent. ! 
land  under  f^rain  crops.  4o8  per  cent. ;  land  under  root  and  green 
crops,  6- 26  per  cent. ;  land  in  garden  and  orchard,  0*33  per  cent  J 
and  land  in  fallow,  0*38  per  cent.  Full  details  for  the  last  nineteen 
ye&ra  are  tabulated. 


AOBICULTUBE. 


379 


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,743,593 
,094,111 
,159,740 
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,589,290 
,483,127 
,024,519 
,515,802 
,679,223 
,128,491 
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380 


NBW    SBALAND   OFFICIAL    YllAH-BOOft. 


Wheat. 

The  wheat  harvest  of  1906  showed  an  average  yield  of  30*60 
buRhels  per  acre,  the  crop  realised  being  6,798,934  bushels,  against 
9,123,673  bushels  in  1905. 

Tlie  quantity  of  wheat  of  the  previous  season's  harvest  held  by 
fanners  in  October,  1905,  as  shown  by  the  gazetted  figures,  was 
2,990,553  bushels,  an  amount  which  excludes  stocks  of  grain  and 
flour  held  by  merchants  and  millers.  The  total  amount  of  wheat 
exported  during  the  year  1905  was  967,151  bushels. 

The  imports  of  flour  during  1905  were  6,367  centals  (318 
tons),  and  the  exports  448  tons. 

The  area  under  wheat  for  threshing  decreased  from  258,015  acres 
in  1905  to  222,965  acres  in  1906,  and  the  decrease  was  general 
throughout  the  colony.  In  addition  to  the  area  cut  for  threshing, 
415  acres  were  cut  for  chaff,  and  191  acres  for  ensilage  and  feeding 
down  with  stock,  so  that  the  total  area  sown  in  wheat  was  223,571 
acres. 

Of  the  222,965  acres  in  wheat  (for  threshine)  this  year,  no 
less  than  154,918  acres  were  in  Canterbury  and  53,495  acres  ii 
Otago. 

The  area  under  wheat  for  grain,  the  estimated  gross  prodnoe 
in  bushels,  and  the  average  yield  per  acre  for  each  of  the  last 
sixteen  years  were  : — 


Year. 


1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1893 
1899 
1900 
1001 
1902 
1903 
1*)04 
1905 
1900 


Land  under 
>\lieat. 

;      Estimated 
Grose  Produce. 

Avence 

Yield 

per  Acw 

1          Acres. 

ushels. 

BashelB. 

801,460 

5,723,610 

18-99 

402,278 

10,257,788 

25-50 

..   '         381,245 

8,378.217 

21-96 

242.787 

4,891,695 

20-15 

..   i         148,575 

3,613,037 

24-32 

246,441 

6,843,768 

27S8 

258,008 

5,926,523 

2292 

..   1         315,801 

5,670,017 

1795 

399,034 

13,073,416 

32-76 

209,749 

8,581,898 

31S1 

200,405 

6,527,154 

3161 

163,402 

4,040,589 

2476 

194,355 

7,457,915 

3S-87 

230,310 

7,891,654 

34-26 

..   ,         258,015 

9,123,673 

35-36 

222,905 

0,798,981 

30-60 

AGRICULTURE. 


SSI 


The  following  gives  the  area  in  wheat,  and  the  estimated  produce, 
for  the  Australian  States  for  the  season  of  1905 : — 


titate. 

Wbefti>crop. 

Acre», 

HiiAbels. 

BUflll6li 

per  Acre. 

Qaeensiaiid 

150.958 

2.149.063 

14'24 

New  South  Wales 

1" 775.955 

IG, 464. 415 

927 

Victoria 

2,277.637 

21.092J39 

9-26 

South  Austr&1]&     .. 

1.840,157 

12,023.172 

653 

Western  Austrikiia, ,        •    . . 

181,467 

2,005.146 

11-00 

TttMnania 

43,0^1 

792.956 

18-40 

The   Wheat-crop  of  the  World. 

The  estimated  wheat-crop  of  the  world  for  four  years  is  taken 
from  the  Statistical  Year-book  of  Canada.  1903,  with  the  exception 
of  the  figures  for  AustralEusia. 


Countries, 


Prance 
Hut  gary     . 
Germany     -  • 

lUly 

United  Kingdom 
Other  European  coun- 
tries 

Total  for  Europe 


United  States  of  Ams 

riea 
India 

Argentine  Hepublio 

AuRtr&tasia 
Other  countries 


Bosbeli : 
1900. 


BiiabelB : 

laoi. 


Btiibels: 
1908. 


Btfebelt: 
1903. 


398.000.000 
325,200.000 
152,000,000 
15G.OO0,0O0 
132,000.000 
54,400.000 
365,400,000 


344.000,000 
304.000, tX)0 
134,560.000' 
110.000,000, 
152,000,000' 
.'16,000.000! 
416.40O,O0O[ 


440.000,000 
332,000.000 
182.400,000 
143,200,000 
128.000,000 
58,000,000' 
466,800.0001 


440.000,000 
336.000.000 
173.eJO0.00O 
132.000,000 
160.000,000 
48,000,000 
439,600,000 


1.613.000, 000  1,516. 960, OOO'l. 750. 400. 0001, 729, 2(Xi;000 


600,000.000 
184,0O0.0riO 

6e.ooo.oo<) 

51,183,i:KX»| 

64.880.000; 

152.800.000 


752,000,0001     680,000,000     637,800,000 


252.000.000; 
r>^.,OrXJ.O0^T 
88,62rj,0U0| 
42.584.0001 

150.800,000 


224.000.000l 

100.000,000 

96.884,000 

19.821.000 

164,000,000 


294,000,000 

128,OOfJ,000 

81,810,000 

82,041,000 

164,000,000 


Total  other  ooun   i  1,110. 863. 0001, 342, 004, OOOll, 284. 7a5,000]l. 387, 651,000 
trira 

Grand  total 


3,623. 863.0002. 856. 964. 0003.035. 105. 0OO|3, 116, 851. 000 


Consumption  of  Wheat, 

The  yearly  consumption  of  wheat  per  head  of  population  in  New 
Zealand  has  heen  estimated  at  6  bushels,  and  the  quantity  required 
for  seed  at  2  bushels  to  the  acre. 

Dsrng  these  figures,  the  Department  of  Agriculture  estimates 
that  there  will  be  a  large  surplus  quantity  after  providing  for  this 
year's  wants. 


382 


NEW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL  TBA&-BO0X. 


Wheat:  Ebtiiiatbd  Surplus,  1906. 

The  area  for  threshiDg  was  222,188  acres,  and  the  total  jield  is  com- 
puted at    . . 

AmouDt  of  wheat  and  floar  returned  on  hand,  81st  October,  1905  (as 
per  returns) 

Amount  of  wheat  and  flour  imported  from  Ist  November,  1905,  to 
28th  February,  1906  


Wheat  and  flour  exported  from  Ist  November,  1905,  to  Bnsheli. 

28th  February,  190C         ..             ..             ..             ..  126,139 

ConHumption  for  same  period  for  population  of  925,000, 

at  the  rate  of  6  bushels  per  head  per  annum            . .  1,850,000 


Bnaheb. 
6,796,934 

2,990,553 

7,990 

9,797,477 


Leaving  available  for  all  purposes  as  at  28th  February,  1906 
Estimated  quantity  required  for  seed  (say,  250, OCX)  acres 

at  2  buDhels  pe'r  acre)       ..  ..         500, (XX) 

Estimated  consumption  of  980,000  persons,  at  6  bushels 

per  head,  from  Ist  March,  1906,  to  28th  February,  1907    5,580,0p0 


1,976,139 
7,821,33$ 


6,060,000 
Apparent  surplus  ..  ..  ..  ..     1,741,338 

The  difficulty  of  correctly  computing  the  consumption  of 
breadstuffs  is  shown  by  the  great  diflferences  in  the  estimates 
arrived  at. 

The  average  quantity  required  per  head  of  the  population  (exdu- 
sive  of  that  used  for  seed)  has  been  calculated  at  5*9  bushels  for 
New  South  Wales,  aud  5*2  bushels  for  Victoria,  by  statisticians  in 
those  States. 

The  average  coiisuuiption  of  wheaten  breadstuffs  in  New  Zea- 
land thus  appears  to  be  somewliat  higher  than  in  New  South  Wales 
aud  Victoria. 

The  following  is  the  average  annual  consumption  of  wheat  per 
inhabitant  in  some  of  the  principal  countries  of  the  world  : — 


United  Kingdom 

6*6  bushels 

Canada 

..6-6 

France 

..81 

Germany 

..80 

Russia 

..     21 

Italy 

..     5-4 

United  States 

. .     4-5 

The  English  consumption  during  the  last  twenty-five  years  appears 
to  have  ranged  from  5^  to  6  bushels  per  head  of  population. 


Oats. 

The  extent  of  land  in  oats  sown  for  grain  in  1906  was  360,569 
acres,  against  342,189  acres  liarvested  in  the  preceding  year,  an  in- 
crease of  18,380  acres.  The  Provincial  Districts  of  Otago  (166,936 
acres)  and  Canterbury  (150,726  acres)  account  for  317,662  acres  of 


AORIOULTDKE. 


88d 


QneensUkiid 

New  South  Wales 
Victoria 
Soath  Australia 
Western  Australia 
Tasmania 


BuBhelfi. 

Averftge  per  Acir«. 

15437 

23*54 

653.646 

ltJl3 

6,20w3»429 

1803 

555,696 

1098 

226^556 

16-40 

1.178,819 

26'^ 

the  total  area,  Wellington  taking  third  place  with  21^353  acres.  The 
breadth  of  land  in  oats  for  chaffing,  ensilage,  or  feeding  down  with 
stock  was  238,687  acres,  an  increase  of  31,938  acres  on  the  figures 
for  1905. 

The  average  yield  per  acre  was.  in  1906,  35-86  bushels,  and  in 
1905,  42  53  bushels,  and  the  quantity  of  produce  decreased  from 
14.553,611  bushela  to  12,707,982  bushels. 

The  oat-crop  for  1905  in  the  Australian  States  was  as  follows : — 

Acres. 
643 
.  40.471 
.  944.019 
.  50,630 
.  13,831 
.       43,690 

Maize, 

This  is  a  crop  of  some  inaportance.  In  1906  there  were  10,485 
acres  sown  for  grain,  the  yield  being  633,212  bushels  of  corn,  an 
average  of  60  39  bushels  per  acre,  and  2.625  acres  sown  for  chaffing, 
ensilage,  or  feeding  down  with  stock.  Maize  is  grown  only  in  the 
North  Island,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  acres  in  Nelson  and 
Marlborough.  The  Provincial  District  of  Auckland  had  11,988 
acres ;  Hawke's  Bay,  559  acres ;  Taranaki,  389  acres ;  and  Wel- 
lington, 119  acres,  in  1906.  As  considerable  interest  is  taken  in 
this  crop,  the  group  of  counties  where  it  is  chiefly  grown  is  stated — 
vij5.,  Manukau,  Thames,  Whangarei,  Mongonui»  Bay  of  Islands, 
Waikato,  Hokiaoga,  Tauranga,  Whakatane,  Opotiki,  Waiapu,  Cook, 
Wairoa.  Hawke's  Bay,  and  Egraont.  Small  acreages  are  found  in 
nearly  all  the  counties  of  the  Auckland,  Taranaki,  and  Hawke's  Bay 
Districts. 

Barleih 

Under  barley  (for  threshing),  29,644  acres  were  returned  in  1906, 
the  crop  being  1,024,045  bushels,  an  average  yield  per  acre  of  34  54 
bushels.  In  1905  the  area  under  barley  was  29,484  acres,  and  the 
\*ield  1,128,164  bushels,  or  3826  busliels  per  acre.  There  were  in 
addition  3,270  acres  in  barley  for  ensilage  or  feeding  down  with 
stock. 

Bye. 

There  were  1,397  acres  in  rye,  yielding  63,086  bushels,  or  at  the 
rate  of  38  bushels  per  acre,  in  1906,  against  1.129  acres  and 
31,612  bushels,  the  rate  being  28  bushels  per  acre,  in  1905. 

PecLS  and  Beans, 
The  area  under  peas  for  threshing  in  the  season  1906  was  13,211 
acres,  yielding  394,903  bushels,  or  an  average  of  29-89  bushels  per 
acre,  against  11,426  acres  and  378,195  bushels,  or  33  09  bushels  per 
acre,  in  the  previous  year. 


884  NEW   ZBAIiAMD  OFFICIAL  TBAB-BOOK. 

Under  beans  there  were  2,054  acres,  giving  a  return  of  68,222 
bushels,  the  average  being  33*21  bushels  per  acre,  against  2,545 
acres  and  89,964  bushels  (35*34  bushels  per  acre)  in  19M. 

Potatoes. 

The  area  under  potatoes  was  26.834  acres  in  1906,  yielding 
the  return  of  123,402  tons,  or  a  rate  of  4*59  tons  per  acre, 
against  2G,331  acres  in  1905,  and  134,608  tons  (or  5*11  tons 
per  acre),  an  increase  of  503  acres,  but  a  decrease  of  11,206  tous. 

A  comparison  of  the  gross  yield  of  potatoes  with  the  amoant 
exported  in  eiich  of  the  twelve  years  1883-94  showed  that  for  sach 
period  an  average  of  597  lb.  per  head  of  population  was  retained  in 
the  colony.  Allowing  for  waste,  pig-feed,  and  seed,  the  avera^ 
amount  retained  for  human  consumption  was  found  to  be  449  lb.  t 
head. 

Turnips,  dtc. 
Turnips  and  rape  form  a  most  important  crop  in  a  sheep-breeding 
country  such  as  New  Zealand,  and  in  1892  the  area  of  land  under 
this  crop  amounted  to  422,359  acres.  The  returns  for  1895  gave 
only  385,788  acres,  but  for  tlie  present  year  601,321  acres  (469,579 
acres  in  turnips  and  131,742  in  rape)  were  set  down  as  under  these 
crops ;  and  there  were  9,338  acres  in  addition,  in  mangolds  (7,090 
acres),  beet  (277  acres),  and  carrots  (1,971  acres). 

Hops. 
There  were  1.008  acres  under  liops  m  1906,  as  against  894  acres 
last  year.  No  account  of  the  produce  for  the  last  nine  years  was 
taken,  but  in  1895  the  yield  was  7,556  cwt.  In  1900  the  total 
quantity  used  by  the  breweries  in  the  colony  amounted  to  5,020  cwt. 
Of  the  land  under  hops  in  1906,  937  acres  were  in  the  Waimea 
County  and  5()  in  Takaka,  both  in  the  Provincial  District  of 
Nelson.  The  import  of  hops  in  1905  amounted  to  408  cwt.,  and 
the  exports,  the  produce  of  the  colony,  to  3,301  cwt. 

Tobacco, 

The  growing  of  tobacco  does  not  progress  in  New  Zealand 
In  1889,  34  acres  were  being  cultivated ;  in  1890,  25  acres ;  in  1891. 
16  acres;  in  1892.  6  acres;  in  1893,  4  acres;  in  1894,  4  acres;  and 
in  1895,  5  acres,  producing  1,599  lb.  of  dried  leaf.  Statistics  of  this 
crop  have  not  been  taken  since  1895. 

Gardens  and  Orchards. 

Tlie  extent  of  land  in  garden  was  18.915  acres,  of  which  Ufi^^ 
acres  were  private  gardens  and  4,072  acres  market  gardens,  b 
plantations  of  forest  trees  tliere  were  61,479  acres. 


AQRICULTUKE. 


385 


here  were  26,760  acres  in  orchard  in  1906,  a  decrease  of 
icres  on  the  area  so  returned  in  the  previous  year,  and  560 
were  returned  as  **  vineyard."  The  fruit-crop  of  the  colony 
ipplemented  hy  a  considerable  import  from  the  Australian 
\s  and  Fiji. 

Sotvn  Orasses  and  Seeds. 

lew  Zealand  is  essentially  suited  for  grazing  purposes, 
rever  there  is  light  and  moisture  English  grasses  thrive  when 
latural  bush  and  fern  are  cleared  off — in  fact,  the  white  clover 
lally  overcomes  the  fern  ;  and,  from  the  mildness  of  the  winter 
)n,  there  are  few  places  where  there  is  not  some  growth,  even 
e  coldest  months  of  the  year.  In  all  parts  of  the  colony  stock 
although  in  varying  condition,  without  other  food  than  such  as 
can  pick  up.  Sown- grass  land,  as  might  be  expected,  heads 
ist  of  cultivations. 

t  the  beginning  of  the  year  1906  there  were  12,525,461  acres 
r  artificial  grasses.  Of  these,  4,779,734  acres  had  been  pre- 
ly  ploughed,  presumably  under  grain  or  other  crops,  while 
1,727  acres  had  not  been  ploughed.  Much  of  the  latter  area 
bush  or  forest  land,  sown  down  in  grass  after  the  timber  had 
wholly  or  partially  burnt  off. 

he  area  under  ryegrass  for  seed  in  the  season  of  1906  was 
!6  acres,  yielding  987,243  bushels  of  201b.,  or  a  rate  of  32*23 
^Is  per  acre,  against  31,662  acres  and  758,387  bushels,  an 
kge  of  23*95  bushels  per  acre,  in  1905. 

1  cocksfoot  there  were  37,039  acres,  which  yielded  8,1 83,571  lb., 
n  average  of  237  14  lb.  per  acre,  against  39,707  acres  and 
t,775 lb.  (a  rate  of  22390 lb.  per  acre)  in  the  previous  year. 

eeds  for  sowing  pasture  lands  are  used  much  as  in  Great 
.in,  the  following  being  a  common  mixture :  Perennial  ryegrass, 
.  to  30  lb.  per  acre ;  cocksfoot,  2  lb. ;  alsike,  2  lb. ;  timothy, 
;  cowgrass,  2  lb. ;  red  clover,  2  lb. ;  white  clover,  2  lb. ;  rape, 
:  total,  391b.  to  441b.  per  acre.  Pastures  are  renewed  at 
vals  of  from  four  to  eight  years,  according  to  the  nature  of  the 


he  following  shows  the  acreage  in  sown  grasses  in  Australasia 
K)4-5 :— 

Acres. 


^ueeuHiauu 
New  South  Wales 

607,997 

Victoria 

953,543 

South  Australia 

24.912 

Western  Australia 

3,964 

Tasmania 

378,346 

New  Zealand  . . 

..   12,310,039 

13-yhk. 

386  NBW   KBAIiAND  OmOIAlJ  TBAII-BOOK. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  acreage  of  land  under  sown  grassef 
is  far  greater  in  New  Zealand  than  in  the  whole  of  Australia  and 
Tasmania.     When  compared  in  size  with  the  States  of  AastraliA, 
New   Zealand  is  not    large  —  about   one-thirtieth   of    their  total 
area — but    in    respect  of   grazing  capabilities  the  relative  import- 
ance of  this  country  is  much  greater.     Australia  is  generally  an- 
suitablc,  owing  to  conditions  of  climate,  for  the  growth  of  Engliab 
grasses,  and  the  amount  of  feed  produced  by  the  natural  grasses 
throughout  the  year  is  very  much  less  per  acre  than  is  obtained  from 
the  sown-grass  lands  in  New  Zealand ;  indeed,  it  may  be  said  that 
the   average  productiveness  of  grass  land  is  about  nine  times  as 
great  here  as  in  Australia,  or,  in  other  words,  that  land   in  thii 
colony  covered  with  English  grasses  may  be  considered  equal  for 
grazing  purposes  to  an  area  of  Australian  land  about  nine  times  u 
great. 

In  addition  to  the  artificially  sown  pastures,  the  returns  for  1906 
show  that  22,944,831  acres  of  unimproved  land,  including  that  in 
tussock  or  native  grass,  belonged  to  the  occupied  holdings,  and  wem 
available  for  stock-feeding  by  the  sheep-farmers  and  cattle-farmei^ 
of  the  colony. 


OUTPUT    OF    GOLD. 

ENTERED  FOR  DUTY  FOR  EXPORTATION. 
16%.  1900,  1905. 

QUANTITY. 


IBgiS:  293,4930ft 


1900:  373JU01 


1%6.  Sa0.465ot 


VALUE, 


189&  iUfiiiet 


1900'  £1439.602. 


1905 :  £2,093,936 


OUTPUT    OF    COAL. 

1895,  1900,  1905. 


ia95.    738,654  toiu. 


1900:  1,083.990  tons. 


1905.  1,585,756  ta&a 


SECTION  XIV.— MINING. 

TfiB  natural  aiineral  resources  of  New  Zealand  are  very  greats 
and  have  exercised  in  the  past  a  most  important  influence  on  the 
development  and  progress  of  the  colony.  Gold  to  the  value  of 
£67/230,584  was  obtained  prior  to  the  SIst  December.  1905 ;  the 
value  of  the  produce  for  the  year  1905  having  been  £2,093,936.  In 
the  earliest  years  the  gold  was  obtained  from  alluvial  diggings,  but 
at  the  present  time  the  greatest  quantity  is  taken  from  gold-bearing 
quartz,  which  is  distributed  widely  through  several  parts  of  the 
colony,  and  thus  there  is  a  much  better  prospect  of  the  permanency 
of  this  industry  than  alluvial  diggings  alone  could  give. 

The  yield  of  silver  to  the  end  of  1905  amounted  to  £777,695  in 
value,  the  quantity  mined  in  1905  having  been  1,179,744  0;;,,  valued 
U  £1:20,542, 

Of  other  minerals,  the  value  of  the  product  to  the  same  date 
WDOtiots  to  £24.866,981,  of  which  kauri-gum  yielded  £12,920,531, 
and  coal,  with  coke,  £11,627.750. 

The  quantities  and  values  of  precious  metals  and  mjneraia 
obtained  during  the  year  1905,  and  the  total  value  of  all  mining 
produce  since  1853,  are  :— 

1005. 


0*, 

Jl 

M 

Gold 

520,485 

3.093,93(; 

67,230,584 

SUver    . . 

1,179,744 

120,542 
a.m4,478 

777.695 

1,700,229 

68,008.279 

Totii, 

Copper-ore 

4 

17 

18,228 

Chrome -ore 

. , 

38,009 

ADtimony-ore 

, , 

52,598 

Manganese-ore    , 

65 

im 

61,791 

Hiemaiite-ore 

43'J 

Mixed  miDGrals  . 

632 

8,136 

140.431 

Coal       ., 

1.585J56 

838,531 

11,602,931 

Coke  (exported)  . 

15 

15 

24,819 

K&uii-gum 

10,883 

661,444 

12,920,531 

Sbale     . . 

- 

7,211 

£3,622J86  £92,876,260 

Of  the  gold  entered  for  exportation  during  the  year  ended 
Ibe  3l8t  March,  1906^viz..  o2t>,200oz.,  representing  a  value  of 
£2,117,606  —  about  56  per  cent,  came  out  of  quartx-mioes;  but, 
if  Ibe  total  yield  of  gold  obtained  in  the  eolony  be  taken,  the 
ralue  of  which  to  31st  March,  1906.  is  £67,754,443,  about  25  per 
cent,  came  from  quartz  -  mioes  and  75  per  cent,  from  alluvial 
workingB. 


I 


^ 


^ 


^ 


388  KKW    £K ALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAR-BOOX. 

Gold  MINING. 

The  history  of  the  finding  of  gold  in  this  colony  was  briefly 
sketched  in  the  Year-books  for  1893  and  1894,  and  need  not,  there- 
fore, be  given  again,  but  New  Zealand's  greatest  mine  is  worthy  of 
especial  comment  An  account  of  the  *'  Waihi"  will  be  found  in 
the  Year-book  of  1905. 

The  following  notes  on  the  auriferous  ironsand  of  New  Zea- 
land are  from  a  report  by  Mr.  Alexander  McKay,  F,G.B,,  Govern- 
ment Geologist :    - 

Aiiriferoua  ironeands  (chiefly  magnetfo  axide)  are,  for  the  moat  p«rt,  ooo- 
fiufid  to  the  west,  nouth.  and  south  east  ooastfi  of  the  Middle  Uland  of  New  Ze^ 
land,  commoalj  kQown  as  the  Bouth  Inland, 

The  iitanio  ironsandB  of  the  west  ooast  of  the  North  Island,  though  mixed 
with  mflKiietfte,  are  not  usually  gold-bearing,  and  south  of  Auckland  hav^  oot 
been  ascertained  to  contain  gold  in  sufficient  quantity  to  pay  for  working  audi 
deposits.  For  the  most  part,  these  sands  have  been  derived  from  volcanic  roek« 
of  young  Tertiary  date,  associated  with  which,  ezoept  on  the  wetlem  flanks  of 
Mouoi  Egmont,  there  are  no  lodes  carrying  gold. 

On  the  east  coast  of  Cape  Colville  Peninsula,  at  Mercury  Bay*  there  ared«^ 
posits  of  hlack  sand  that  oontain  gold,  and  which  it  has  been  proposed  to  work 
for  the  precious  metaL  Possibly,  also,  there  are  other  similar  depoiita  on  the 
west  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Plenty,  where  such  sands  have  been  derived  from  anri- 
ferous  rooks.  The  magnetle  and  titanic  ironsands  of  the  North  Island  are,  how- 
ever,  not  UBually  regarded  as  a  repository  of  gold  in  paying  quantities. 

On  the  west  coast  of  the  S^uth  Island,  from  near  Capo  Farewell  to  Fcesflf 
vatioQ  Inlet,  the  sea  beaches,  formed  of  material  of  moderate  fineneas  of  graii} 
foe  the  moat  part,  show  the  presence  of  magnetio  ironsands,  and  often  such  nnds 
form  a  considerable  part  of  the  totat  material  of  the  beach  between  hifth-  andlow^ 
water  mark.  Buch  sands  are  at  almost  all  places  auriferous,  and  for  the  pa«t 
thirty  years  have  been  worked  for  gold. 

Uiiually,  where  magnetic  irousands  are  found  on  the  beach ,  deposits  of  tbo 
same  kind,  now  no  longer  acted  upon  by  the  tide,  are  present  on  the  higher 
grounds  inland,  or  lie  buried  under  ^rey  sands  between  tide-mark  and  the  foot  of 
the  firnt  terrace.  These  beach  leads  have  been  a  great  source  of  gold  at  mao^r 
parts  on  the  west  coast  of  tlio  Bouth  Island,  At  many  places,  near  the  rnottlh* 
of  rivers  and  large  creeks,  the  ground  is  wet,  and  by  dredging  or  other  means  w 
is  that  considerable  areas  have  yet  to  be  worked.  This  Mrat  horiaoii  above  ot 
inland  of  tide-mark  has  deposits  of  ironeand  in  all  favourable  situations  along  tb» 
west  and  south  coasts  of  the  Islaod,  and  these  are  notably  developed  near  the 
mouths  of  the  larger  rivers. 

At  many  places  they  are  covered  by  flood  deposits  from  rivers  or  by  aeoli^i 
sands  drifted  back  from  the  beach,  and  thus  it  is  that  discoveries  are  likely  yet  to 
be  made. 

At  higher  levels  sucoesaive  terraces  of  auriferous  ironsands  are  met  wltk, 
principally  between  the  mouths  of  the  BuUer  and  Hokitlka  Rivers  and  some  ol 
the  large  rivers  in  Bouth  Westland. 

On  Addison's  Flat  aad  at  CharleBton  the  ironsand  depoeita  are  developed  os 
a  most  exteoBive  scale,  and  have  yielded,  and  still  do,  great  quantiiiee  of  gbU* 
At  both  placos  further  oxidation  of  the  magnetite  has  taken  place,  and  rusiy* 
coloured  ironsand  cements  are  the  results.  ThU  faet  has  entailed  an  eoormoui 
loss  of  gold  to  the  olaimholdera  working  the  cement,  as  the  gold  coated  with 
iron- oxide  escapes  being  caught  by  the  means  employed  for  that  purpoee,  And 
finding  its  way  into  the  tailing  ohaniitils  and  streams,  a  part  of  such  escaped  go)& 
19  again  recovered  by  various  oontrivaooes  placed  so  as  to  intercept  it,  and  a  ptft 
oarned  to  the  seaboard  (ends  to  enrich  the  black-sand  deposits  within  tide^matk 
Between  Charleston  and  Brighton  these  deposits  ri^e  to  a  height  of  600  ft.  abov« 
the  aea ;  more  to  the  south  they  gradually  attain  the  leaser  elevations,  and  south 
of  Hokitika  are  but  little  above  sea-leveL 


GOLD-MINING.  389 

On  tbe  shores  of  Foveaux  Strait  it  is  only  at  Orepoki  and  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Waiau  River  that  these  deposits  reach  any  distance  inland,  or  more  than  a 
very  moderate  height  ahove  the  level  of  high- water  mark.  East  of  the  Bluff,  and 
from  the  vicinity  of  Dunedin  to  the  northern  boundary  of  the  Otago  Provincial 
District,  the  auriferous  black-sand  deposits  are  confined  to  the  limits  between 
high-  and  low-water  mark,  or  to  less  than  25ft.  above  that. 

Along  the  east  coast,  within  the  Canterbury  Provincial  District,  it  is  only 
between  Lake  Ellesmere  and  the  mouth  of  the  Rakaia  River  that  auriferous 
sands  payable  to  work  are  found.  These,  however,  do  not  contain  notable 
quantities  of  magnetic  ironsand,  but  for  the  most  part  they  are  grey  or  garnet- 
iferous. 

North  of  Ghristchurch,  while  at  places  it  is  evident  that  great  elevation  (in 
modern  times)  of  the  land  has  taken  place,  and  old  beaches  can  be  traced  up  to 
at  least  400  ft.  above  the  sea,  only  traces  of  gold  have  been  found,  and  black  sand 
does  not  abound. 

The  great  richness  in  gold  of  these  sands  enabled  them  to  be  worked  with 
profit  when  the  means  employed  were  both  costly  and  of  a  rude  description. 
At  many  places  the  yield  was  phenomenal,  and  thus  there  has  beea  impressed 
on  the  New  Zealand  miner  the  full  importance  of  the  deposits,  and  black-sand 
claims  are  still  in  favour.  Many  deposits  are  rich  only  in  particular  parts,  or 
are  poor  generally,  and  any  means  that  tended  to  lessen  the  cost  of  extraction  of 
the  gold  would  be  a  boon  to  the  black-sand  miner,  and  should  be  hailed  accord- 
ingly. 


Gold-dredging  . 

During  the  past  year  the  dredging  industry  in  Otago  and  South- 
land maintained  a  high  degree  of  efficiency  and  gold-producing 
results,  ninety-five  dredges  being  employed  all  the  year  round  in 
Otago  and  fifty  in  Southland.  The  Electric  Company's  No.  1 
dredge's  return  of  1,273  oz.  for  five  days'  actual  dredging  in  1904 
still  remains  the  record  of  gold  won  for  one  week's  dredging  in  New 
Zealand. 

On  the  west  coast  of  the  Middle  Island  the  value  of  the  gold 
won  was  £103,277  17s.  4d.  by  forty  dredges. 


Miners,  and  Gold  entered  for  Export  at  different 
Districts. 

The  total  number  of  gold-miners  employed  in  1905  was  9,362, 
as  agfiunst  10,898  for  the  previous  year.  In  some  places,  more 
especially  in  Otago,  Nelson,  and  on  the  West  Coast,  many  of  the 
miners  do  not  depend  entirely  on  mining,  but  employ  a  part  of  their 
time  in  farming  and  other  pursuits. 

In  1901  an  Act  was  passed  reducing  the  fee  payable  for  a  miner's 
right  from  10s.  to  5s. 

The  total  quantity  of  gold  entered  for  export  during  the  years 
ending  31st  March,  1905,  and  31st  March,  1906,  for  the  several 
districts,  and  the  total  quantity  and  value  of  the  gold  exported  from 
the  colony  from  the  1st  January,  1857,  to  the  31st  March,  1906, 
are  shown  hereunder;   but  this  does  not  necessarily  include  the 


890 


NIW    SBALAND   OFFICUL    TKAB-BOOX. 


whole  of  the  gold  prmiuced,  as  no  doubt  much  has  been  takeu 
out  of  the  colony  from  time  to  time  by  people  who  have  evaded 
the  duty,  and  a  good  deal  has  been  nsed  for  making  jewellery  and 
ornament 6 : — 

TaBUE   6HOWINO   TBB   QUANTtTT    AND   VaI.U1E    OJT    QoL0    KKTBBBD   FOB   ExFOBTA 

TION  Fttou  New  Zealand  for  the  Years  ended  thb  31st  Maboh,  1905 

AND   1906,  AND  THB   TOTAX*  QOAMTITT  AND   YaLDE   FAOM   jANUAaV,    1S57.  90 

aiRT  Marctt.  1%6. 


DiitHot. 


Slat  Murtsh.  1906. 


Y«Ar  Qtidtne 
SlBt  Marcli.  1901'.. 


QUAU^ 

tity- 


Value. 


Quau- 


Valu«. 


Inereaso 
or 

for 
Yoar  endiug 
Slit  UAT^to, 

19Q8. 


Total  Quantity  and 

V&loe  from  Jaauirr. 

1657,  M  SlAt  MMitk, 

1906. 


Auckland    ,, 

Wellmgton.. 

Marlborough 

Nelson 

WeatCoftat.. 

Canterbury.. 

Otago 


Os.     I        £        I     OS.     I         £        I         0».        I        Os.       I  i 

2t22,6.'>2    815.499  243.aSl|l,00O.964(  H- 25,379     8,759.416!  14, D4aJ!?67 

'         ..    '  188 


l«6,          662       ,.     I  ..        I  -166 

6J61|      2^.814     4,421  17,650  -3^040 

119,545|   478,050110,9961  448»089|  -6»649 

\ 


89.090 
1J12J20 
5A66.022 
99 


20,6ti4,uOf 


170,388    688,551  162J52    655,913'     -7,636     6,549.372  26,005,633 


TotaU..   510,212  2,008,576  526.20012,117,606'     4^0,983   17,276.316'6TJ54,t4$ 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  table  that  there  was  last  year 
ao  increase  iti  the  export  of  gold  of  6»988  oas.  on  the  figures  for  thft 
preceding  twelve  months. 

Of  the  total  quantity  of  gold  entered  for  exportation  last  yew 
Auckland  contributed  illi  per  cent, ;  Nelson.  0  84  per  cent, ;  Wes! 
Coast,  21-09  per  cent. ;  and  Otago,  30  93  per  cent. 


MlNEKAL    PbODUCTIOK    (VaLUE)    OF    AuSTHAliASlA    TO    EUD   Qlf  1304. 

The  total  value  of  mineral  production  for  Australasia  to  the  end 
of  the  year  1904  is  shown  in  the  following  table: — 


QOLD-MINING. 

391 

Gold-production  of  Australasia  (Quantityy 

The  gold-yield 

of  Australasia 

(io   crude 

ounces)  for 

the  years 

1898  to  1904  was  as  under  :— 

i»e 

1000. 

IflOS. 

1904. 

Oe, 

0*. 

OS. 

Ol6 

Qaoensl&nd 

..       920,048 

963,189 

860,453 

630,151 

Hew  South  Walea 

..        340,493 

845,650 

190,316 

824,096 

Victori* 

..       887 » 257 

807,407 

777, 78S 

821,017 

South  Austrfvlia 

31,961 

24.086 

28.198 

29,108 

Woitem  Auetralift 

.,    l,tJ50a84 

l,580.9o0 

2,177,442 

2,378.021 

Ta^majiia 

74,233 

8l.li^6 

70,1)90 

65,921 

N«w  Zealand       . . 

280,175 

^378,6X6 

508.045 

620,323 

3,dd4«351 

1,170,023 

4,613,188 

4,773.687 

The  increase  for  the  period  is  1,239.186  oz.  The  mini  value  of 
Aastralasian  gold  averages  £3  IBs.  per  ounce,  and  a  comparison 
of  value  18  therefore  as  follows  :  1898,  £13.430,533  ;  1900. 
£15.868,887;  1902,  £17,530,114;  1904,  £18.139.440:  increase. 
1898  to  1904,  £4,708,907, 


Gotd-productwn  of  the  World  fur  each  of  the  Five  Years  1898-1902. 

(Fram   fk  t&ble  compiled   in    tbo   Governtnei}!  StatimiofjfeU^A  Office.  Perth, 
Western  Australia.) 

The  quantities  are  given  throughouL    the    table  in  fine  ounces, 
the  accepted  standard  of  value  for  which  is  £4  4s.  llfV^i,  per  ounce. 


OoniiliiM  Aod  CoatineQts. 


iaoB< 


1890. 


1900. 


ISXIl. 


Auttrala^iei, 
^i  Itorn  Ausiralift*. . 

Fldoria    . . 

fuMDAland 

lew  Ze»l^d 

let!  Bontfa  fVft!e8   . . 

la  . . 

hith  Aastr&lia 

\t9  Gninen 

Toc^l  ounces 
Toty  yaloe 


Fine  OS.    |     Flneos.    ;     Fine  ox.         Fixracw.    1     Fineos. 
939,490   1,470,605    1,414,311    l,7a9.416    1,871.038 


788,429 

804,665 

760,319 

730,450 

720,862 

647,487 

668,150 

676,068 

598.413 

640.493 

254,416 

356.231 

388,911 

412,876 

459,406 

282,914 

382,162 

362,116 

173.643 

161,256 

66,267 

77411 

74,444 

69,490 

70,996 

32,474 

18,688 

19,418 

21,946 

22,395 

5,627 

10,403 

7.560 

8,693 

8,693 

3,007,104 

3,787,959 

3,543,137. 

3,718,826 

3,955.139 

12,773,36616,090.22715,050,28915,796.569 

16,800,363 

r               392                                NEW    ZEALAND    OFFtCIAL    YEAJt-BOCK,                                            1 

^B               Chld'praduction  of  the  World,  1898-1902—couimneii.              1 

^^f     Qonntrlea  And  OontdneQU.              1BB& 

lam. 

190\ 

im. 

mi 

Africa. 

TratiBvaal  Colon  j   . . 

RhodesU  *, 

Madagascar 

Abyssinia  .. 

Mozambique 

Ck)ld  Coast  Colony  - , 

Cape  Colony 

Natal  Eind  Zulu  land 

French  Guinea 
1        Senegal      ., 
1        Prenoh  Ivory  Coast 

Fine  ok. 

3,823,367 

14,257 

976 

6.000 

is, 029 

107 

15 

3.606 
2,949 

Fine  uis. 

3,637,713 

48,399 

6,809 

6,0(J0 

5,416 

12,077 

120 

56 

5,080 
975 

Fiue  OS.    1     Fine  OB. 

348,761        231,076 

72,568        143,698 

33,485          30,80C 

5,000            «.00< 

8,475          12,377 

8,944           5,223 

116                 71 

U               135 

805 

1,552           1,419 

274               606 

FinsoL 

1,718,921 
i       161, 6SI 

i 

78 
1,441 

^K              ToUl  ounces 

3,865,308  3,721,654 

479,187.       484,209 

1,949,901 

^H               Total  value                 £ 

16,418.785 16»808, 581 

2,085,457|  1.844,402 

8.282.661 

^^^                  America. 

United  States  of  Araedoa     . . 

Gaoada 
1       South  and  Central  America  , . 

1                   '  > 

3,118.399  3,437/210   3,829,897|  3,805,500 

666,445    1,028,6201  1,350,1761  1,167,390 

1,096,335       841,8371      828,273!  1,102,942 

3,870,00a 
1,032,95) 
1,110,649 

^K               Total  ounceR 

4,881,178  5,307,167 

6,008, 346|  6,075,762 

6,012.902 

^M               Total  value                 g 

20,733,926 

l,073,/i25 
104, 5a5 

22,543,41225.521,832:25,808,196 

25,541,1^ 

^^                     Europe, 
RuBBJa 
Other  European  countries    . . 

Total  OUQCBB 

Total  value                 & 

Asia, 
BribiBh  India 
China 
(hher  Asiatic  countries 

L                     Total  ounces 

1,083,643|   1,082,499    1,105,412 
113,7521       127,557        116,140 

l,105.4lt 
120,115 

1,178,110   1,197,2951  1,210,056   1,223,552 

1 

1,235,^7 

6,004,298   5,085, 786(  5,139.901    6,197,319 

5,2Q6,T0a 

469,8S4 
287.996 
276.05T 

377,358       405,763 
261,665!       270,790 
115,902       154,301 

445,381        454,523 
251,092;       231,465* 
205,:i03        277,281 

754,916 

830,774 
3,528,904 

901,7761      963,209 

1,027,887 

^H              Total  value                £ 

8,206,675 

8,830,501 

1 

4.091,707 
12,415,618 

4,aee,i8T 

H^               The  World. 
^^L          Total  ounces 

13,686,616'u,844,84912.142,502lJ 

1                                        1 

14,171.388 

^9         Total  value                    M 

58,137.045:63,056,91061,578,070152,738,193 

60,196,109 

1                                   •                                          COAL-MINING. 

I                The  extent  of  the  coal  -  measures  in  New  Zealand  will  inskB 
L          coal -mining  one  of   the   large   ioduetries  in  the  colony,  especially 
1         on  the  west  coast  of  the  Middle  Island,  where  bituminous  coal  exists 
i         equal,  if  not  superior,  in  quality  to  coal  of  the  same  class  in  any 

OOAL-MIN'ING. 

■ 

393        1 

The  progreasive  increase  in  the  output  of  coal  from  1678  to  the        | 

end  of  1905  is  shown  below : — 

1 

Ex  ported 

1 

9  a  0  p 

(excludinn 
CoftJ  for 
Fuel  by 

^  -  rt  Q 

Year. 

1 

rt  o  sj  :s 

;  Tot*'    il:r^. 

"3  o'C  ^ 

Oc4!&n 
StMmert), 

Total 
tioi] 
witl 
Coll 

>• 

. 

1 

Ton*.      1       Tonii^ 

Toafi. 

Tods. 

Toxift. 

Toos. 

Tons. 

1878     . . 

162.218 

174,148 

336,366 

3,921 

1  332,445 

1879      . . 

J     231,218     69,000 

138.076 

389,294 

7,195 

382,099 

49,654 

1S80      .. 

!     1199, 9S3     68,705 

123,298 

423,221 

7,021 

416,200 

34,101 

1B81      .. 

337 » 202     37,339 

129,962 

467,224 

6,026 

460,598 

44.398 

1882      .. 

378,272      41,010 

129,583 

507. B54 

4,245 

503,609 

43,011 

1883      .. 

,     421,764      43,492 

123,540 

545,304 

7,172 

538,132 

34,523     ^fl 

18^      .. 

460,831      59,067 

148,444 

029,275 

6,354 

622,921 

84,789     ^M 

1885     -. 

'     511,063     30,232 

130,202 

641,265 

2,371 

638,894 

15,973    ^M 

1886      .. 

534.353      23,'i9D 

119.873 

654,226 

2,862 

651,364 

12,470    ^H 

1887     . , 

558,620     24,267  , 

107,230 

665,850 

12,961 

652,899 

1,535     ^M 

1888     .. 

613,895      ,55,275  ' 

101,341 

715,236 

27,678 

637,558 

34,659     ^H 

1889     .. 

586,445  -27,450* 

128,063 

714,508 

39,290 

675,218 

12,340     ^M 

1890     .. 

537,397     50,952  \ 

110, 939  , 

748,336 

33,404 

714,932 

39,714           ^ 

1681     .. 

668,794     31,397  1 

125,318 

794,112 

29,093 

764,019 

49,087           J 

189^     .. 

678,315        4.521  1 

125,453 

798,768 

28,169 

770.699 

6.580    ^m 

l8ilS     . . 

691,548      18,233  i 

117,444 

808,9^^12 

24,298 

784,704 

14,105     ^H 

1894     .. 

719,546     27,998 

112,961 

832,507 

25,449 

807,058 

22,354     ^M 

1896     ., 

7^,654        7,108  ' 

108.198 

834,852 

20,151 

808,701 

1,643     ^M 

1896      .. 

792,851     66,197 

101,756 

894,607 

27,974 

866,633 

57,932     ^H 

im     .. 

840,713     47,862  ; 

110,907 

951, 6i0 

26,639 

924,981  ' 

58,348           V 

1898      .. 

907,033     66,320 

115,427 

1,022.460 

18,348 

1,004.112  1 

79,131            I 

1899      , , 

975,234      68,201 

9*3,655  , 

1.074.889 

14,146 

1.060,743  , 

56.631            1 

1900      ,, 

ll. 093, 990    118,756 

124,033 

1,218,023 

36,699     1 

1.181.324  1 

120,581            I 

X901      ., 

1.227.638    133.648 

149,764 

1,377,402 

77,563     ; 

1.299,839  i 

118,515     ^M 

1902      .. 

1,362,703    185,064 

127, S53 

1,490,555 

110,666     1 

1,379,989 

80,050     ^M 

1903      ., 

1,420,193     57,491 

163,923  , 

1,584,116 

97,461 

1,486,655 

106,766    ^M 

1004      .. 

1,537,838   117,645 

147,196 

1,685.034 

56,613     , 

1,628.521 

141,866           1 

1905 

1,585,756;     47,918 

169,046  ; 

1,754,802 

41.257 

1,715.546 

85,024            1 

*  DocreafiQ. 

It  will  be  Been  from  the  above    that, 

with   th 

B   exception   ol 

1889,  there  has  been  a  steady  increase  in 

the  outpi 

at  of  coal  from 

the  mines  in  the  colony  year  after   year 

since  recc 

mis  have  been 

kept  by  the  Mines  Department.     The  yea 

riy  incres 

ise  in  output  is 

princjpaily  due  to  the  growing  demand  foi 

•  consumji 

tiou  within  the 

colony.    Daring  a  i^riod  of  twenty-eight  ye 

jars  the  ai 

loual  con  sump- 

lion  of  coal  in  New  Zealand  has  increased  ( 

,0  the  ext( 

ant  of  1,381,100 

tons,  showing  that  new  industries  are  quick 

iy  spriogii 

ag  up,  requiring 

fuel  for  generating  motive  power. 

The  total  output  from  the  mines  last 

year  was 

1.585,756  tons, 

as   against    1,537,838   tous  for  1904,  an   i 

ncrease    c 

:f  47,918   tons. 

Tbe  coal  imported  from  other  countnes  ^ 

ras  169,04 

6  tons,  against 

147.196  tons  iu  1904,  an  increase  in  the 

importati 

on  last  year  of 

121,850  tons.    The  imports  were  168,767  ton 

s  from  Ne 

w  Sooth  Wales, 

1 

394 


NEW    ZILALAHO   OFFICIAL    TKAR-BOOK, 


I 


106  tons  from  Victoria,  and  133  toas  from  ihe  Uuited  Kingdom.  The 
total  export  of  coal  was  122,817  tons,  all  colonial  produce.  Of 
coal  exported,  81,660  tons  were  for  coalmg  direct  steamers  tra 
betweea  the  colony  and  the  United  Kingdom,  and  has  been  treate3 
as  coal  consumed  within  the  coiony,  these  steamers  trading  wholly 
between  New  Zealand  and  Great  Britain.  Taking,  therefore,  the 
output  from  the  mines  and  the  coal  imported,  there  is  a  total  of 
1,754,802  tons,  of  which  41,257  tons  were  exported,  leaving  the  con- 
sumption within  the  colony  last  year  1,713.545  tons,  as  against 
1,628,521  tons  for  1904,  an  mcreased  consumption  of  85,024  tons. 

The  largest  increase  in  the  output  last  year  was  in  the  Grey- 
mouth  district — namely,  36,624  tons.  There  was  also  an  increased 
production  from  the  mines  in  the  Waikato  district  of  8,641  tons,  In 
the  SouthUnd  district  of  13,714  tons,  in  the  West  Wanganui  dis- 
trict of  8,348  tons,  in  the  Miranda  district  of  1,015  tons,  in  the 
Kavvakawa  and  Hikurand  districts  of  15,610  tons,  in  the  Malvern 
distnct  of  518  tons ;  but  there  was  a  decline  ia  the  Whangarei, 
Karno,  Ngunguru,  and  Whauwiiau  dinthcts  of  7,380  tons,  in  the 
Mokau  district  of  527  tons,  in  the  Wtistport  district  of  18.448  toas, 
in  the  Reef  ton  district  of  7,247  tons,  and  in  the  Otago  district  of 
2,950  tons. 

The  quantities  of  coal  produced  in  each  district  are  as 
uuiler  :  — 


Niuue  of  DiBtrlm. 

Output  of  Coal. 

InoroMe  or 

ApproxiiuAta 
TouU  Output  or 

Ckial  up  to  Lbe 
.*tl»fc  Decern  h«r. 

uns.          1004. 

Deoreue. 

Toas* 

TOQS.               TOAI. 

Tons. 

Kfiiwak^wft  and  Hikur&tigi 

d4,8oS 

79,948     +15,610 

1,496,2U 

Whangarei,    Kamo,    Ngunguru, 

and  WbiiuwhAU 

,     19,591 

26,371      -  7,380 

576,171 

Waikato 

!  126,317 

116,676  L  -f  8,641 

l,08t);H4 

Mokftu 

8,753 

4,280  '  -       627 

47,y67 

Miranda 

16.357 

15,342  ,  -f  1,015 

42,192 

PeloruH 

* . 

. .                  *  • 

711 

West  Wangftnui 

20.778 

12,430      +  S»848 

8J.4y3 

We*tport 

551, b25 

570,273      -18,448 

6,403,416 

Reef  ton 

7,8712 

15,119 

-  7.247 

•    132,180 

Qrt^ymoutb    « . 

275,75ti 

239,128  ' 

4-36,024 

4.013.303 

Malvern 

25,633 

25,120 

H-       518 

493.214 

Tniiaru 

1U.057 

Otago 

317J31 

320,681 

-  2.950 

5,616,943 

Souihlaud 

126.284 

112,570 

+  13,714 

1,064.292 

ToUk 

1,585,756 

1,537,838 

+47,918 

21,686,997 

i  + )  lacr 

Ba«».           I 

— >Docr«Mi 

B. 

The  following  table,  constructed  from  '*  Laboratory  Reports  of  the" 
Geological  Survey  "  (Sir  J.  Hector)  gives  the  composition  of  samplei 
of  New  Zealand  coals  freshly  taken  iErom  the  principal  mines : — 


OOAIi-MINING. 


AnalyBld. 


Dmedption. 


r^ooality. 


1:1  a      6  d 


Anthracite 
Bituminous 


Altered  brown  ooal 
Biimninoua 
Glance  ooal 
Bitumtnoas 


1 
9 
3 
4 

5 

e 
a 

9 

10  Pitch  coal 
il  Bituminous 
ISt  Pitch  coal 

19  Bituminouii 
14i 
15 

16|  . 

17 

181  . 

19 

20  .  .. 

21  Altered  brown  coal 
'12  Bituminout 

23, 

25^  Pitch  ooal 

30|  OlaitcQ  coal 
271  Pitch  coal 
281  Brown  coal 

31| 

33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
12 
43 
44t  Pitch  coal 


Pitch  ooal 
Brovrn  ooal 


Pitch  coal 
Brown  coal 


Acheron,  CanteThurv  * . 
Con  I  brook  dale 

Banbury 
Malvern  HilU 
Tyneside 
Kakaia  Gorge 
Wall  send 
Grey  River   .. 
Kawakawa   . . 
Preservation  Inlet 
BtftckbflJl,  Grey  River 
Mokihinui     .. 
Coalpit  Heath  ., 

iSiIokihinui     ». 
Brunner  Mine 

Weatporl 

Mokihintii     ,. 

Bninaer 

Malvern  Hilla 

Wallsend 

Otamataura  Creek     .. 

Near  Cape  Farewell  . . 

Kawakawa  . . 

Whangarei   .. 
I  Kamo  .  ►  ,  ■ 

I  Malvorn  Hills 

Fern  hill 

Allandale 

Eaitangata  . . 

Shag  Point  ,. 

Horaebufth    .. 

Hikurangi,  Whang&rer 

Hokonui 

Kaitangata  . . 

Nightcaps     ,. 

Shag  Point  ., 

Springfield    .. 

Orepuki 

Kattangata  . . 

Shag  Point  ,. 

Allandale 

Orev  River   . . 


8412!  1 
7483:20 
70'<MJ'22 
6997  25 

66-591 29 
64*5121 
62  87|31 
623729 
6l-16[28 
60  88  28 
6O*20;29 

mirjm 

588138 
i57*92'^J4 


5Cm 
56*21 
5601 
55'59 
64  16 


53^9132 
53'lOj35 
,52-8936 
151  •37138 
:50'15;42 
50  1138 


,5001 

]4999 

|49  95  36 

|47'3134 

I464R33 

|46"21IB2 

44-92  36 

i44/>0l47 

,4428:38 

44-n!38' 

if' 

14:' 

14'' 
|8s 

35-76  ::10 
8472,41 
i34*72!66 


Evapo- 
rative 


1-80 
M6 
252 
0  99 
415 
082 

eie 

1-66 
1-99 
2-51 
4'33 
801 
397 
102 
396 
15^ 
1-50 
260 
a06 
250 
12-65 
J  41 
2  39 
4  38 

4  18 
801 
961 

U'79 
1300 
1241 

14  66 
16  02 
15-83 

5  99 
16'50 

15  44 


l2-iail0-93ll8 
3 
5 
3 
7 
4 


51 
33 
33 
42 
41 
46 
83 
20 
33 
19 
82 
14 
19 
18 
U 
56 
22 
39 
49 
02 
0^ 
29 
53 
04 
20 
69 
80 
10 
02 
38 
12 
25 
51 
00 
13 


9'70l6i 

9-1015'< 

909|15'^ 

8-27!12i 

8-52  13-^ 

8  30il3  3d' 

81713'82 

80l|l3i 

7'95!l2i 

79l|l21 

7-82|iai 

7'7611-! 

7'6412'I 

7-50ll2  75 

7-36|l2  46 

7'3012-36 

7-2812  30 

7-2012! 

7-04|lM 

6-92|ll-6(f 

6'90|ll-68 

600  11-70 

6'3l!ll60 

6-50,U6a 

6-60  a -Ti 
6'60!lMf 
6-49' 10-90 
6-491099 
615'l0  96 
6'04|lO-22 
6  0010-16 
5  83!  9-87 


'4-44  6- 
17  50  11 
13  22  20 
18-99  4 
6-20   2 


Newcastle,  N.8.W. 


Fob  Compabiso:*, 

..  i58-33;34-17 
..    53  34  26'66| 


Best  ..  ,.  i58-33;34-17    183   5  67    7-50|12  8J 
* WorKt            ^             ..    5^34!26'66|  3;33  16  671  6  90lu  71 

•The  •eoond  column  bo&ded  *'EvAporative  Power'*  In  obt«fned  by  the  orb  of  | 
oiultfpii*  compviterl  from  thtji  results  of  Prafea«iorLi1vor«ed^e'8  e)ni<?rliODQt»iii>oti  the  coall 
of  New  South  Wftlc«.  The  ninltiplp  iisod  for  tb©  first  eoluniD  is  thi?  ooo  which  hti»  long 
been  fft*Doratly  nffed  for  computing  tbe  evaporative  power  oT coals;  but,  to  preveataov 
uuCalr  aDd  prejadicial  coiiipAri»oti  of  oar  coaIb  with  tlicm«of  New  Houtb  Wale«,  the  fteeouo: 
'eoltimn  In  given. 


396 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAR-BOOK. 


As  regards  the  quality  of  the  coal,  it  cannot  be  surpassed.  The 
late  Sir  John  Goode,  in  his  presidential  address  to  the  Institute  of 
Civil  Engineers,  London,  stated  :  "  The  bituminous  coal  found  on  the 
west  coast  of  the  Middle  Island  is  declared  by  engineers  to  be  folly 
equal,  if  not  superior,  to  the  best  description  from  any  port  of  the 
world." 

The  quantity  of  each  class  of  coal  produced  in  1904  and  1905 
was : — 


Class  of  Coal. 


Bituminous  and  semi-bituminous 

Pitch  

Brown 
Lignito 

Totals 


Oatpat  of  Goal. 


1904. 


1906. 


Inoreaae 

or 
Decrease. 


Approzimale 
I  Total  Oatpnt  ot 

Goal  op  to  the 
I  Slst  December. 
190S. 


'      Tons. 
I    938,518 
'     24,606 
1   483,858 
1     90,956 

Tons. 
965.083 

23.072 
496,936 
100.665 

Tons. 

26,565 

-  1,434 

18,078 

9,709 

Tons. 

12,380,315 

1,906,650 

6,673.879 

876,153 

.1,537,838 

1,585,756 

47,918 

21,686.997 

The  number  of  coal-mines  working  during  the  year  1905  Was,  as 
shown  by  the  next  table,  177,  and  the  number  of  persons  employed 
3,269. 


Number  of  '. 

MinoK 

working'. 


Number  of  Persons  employed  in  each  Mine. 


Total 

Number  of 

Persons 

employed. 


108 
31 
10 
28 

1  to    4  iu  each 

5  ,  10  , 
11  .  20  . 
21  and  upwards 

177 

1 

186 

210 

158 

2,715 


3,269 


The  total  output  of  coal  from  the  above  mines  was  1,585,756, 
and  the  average  annual  output  per  person  485  tons. 

It  is  believed  that  Gs.  per  ton  is  a  good  estimate  of  the  cost,  for 
labour  only,  of  coal  delivered  in  rail  way- trucks  clear  of  the  colliery 
premises,  which  differs  somewhat  from  the  cost  at  the  pit's  mouth. 

The  average  earnings  of  each  person  employed  have  been  com- 
puted at  £2  IBs.  per  week,  or  £150  16s.  per  annum,  throughout  the 
colony,  but  this  varies  in  different  districts,  for  which  the  figured 
computed  by  Inspector  Green  are  : — 

AvEHAfiEs  OF  Weekly  Earnings. 

Northern  district 
West  Coast      . 
Southern 

Average  for  cclony 


£      8. 

d. 

8     8 

6 

3    9 

6 

2    1 

0 

. .  £2  18    0 


COAJj' MINING,  397 

Tbe  wage  given  for  the  West  Coast  district  may  be  somewhat 
more  than  tfie  fact,  on  account  of  youths  being  counted  as  men.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  information  given  for  tlie  Southern  district  may 
be  ratlier  too  iow,  on  account  of  the  more  intermittent  nature  of  the 
work.  The  dredging  industry  is  stated  by  the  Southern  Inspector 
to  have  largely  increased  coal-conRumption  in  certain  places,  each 
steady  working  dredge  consuming  20  tons  of  coal  for  at  least  forty  , 
weeks  in  the  year,  or,  say»  BDO  tons  per  annum.  ^H 

^^^^  State  Coal-mines.  ^H 

^^^^^  Seddmiville.  ^^ 

I  The  Seddonville  State  Coal-mine  is  divided  into  three  sections*         i 

viz.,  northern,  southern,  and  western.  It  is  in  the  last  two  sections 
where  workings  have  been  carried  on  during  the  past  year.  Both 
m  the  southern  and  western  sections  ihe  coal  is  much  harder  than 
m  the  northern  one,  and  is  of  excellent  quality  as  regards  its  steam- 
generating  power.  Even  in  the  northern  section,  where  the  coal  is 
softer  in  character,  its  calorific  value  shows  it  to  be  a  high-class 
coal,  and  is  greatly  appreciated  by  marine  engineers.  The  coal 
from  the  southern  and  wesiern  sections  on  being  brought  to  the 
bins  is  separated  into  three  classes,  viz.,  round  coal,  nuts,  and  peas. 
The  round  coal  is  that  which  passes  over  a  bar-grating  having  slots 
If  in,  wide.  The  coal  which  passes  through  these  slots  is  lifted 
with  elevators  on  to  a  shaking  screen,  whore  a  stream  of  water  plays 
on  it  and  washes  away  any  impurities  from  amongst  the  nuts.  The 
holes  in  this  shaking  screen  are  |  in.  diameter,  and  what  passes 
throiigh  this  screen  is  washed  down  a  sluice-box  with  ripples,  and 
again  screened  over  a  plate  having  holes  of  Jin.  diameter.  The 
residue  is  dumped  to  waste  at  the  present  time,  but  a  briquette- 
making  plant  is  now  being  erected  at  Westport,  and  as  soon  as  it  is 
completed  tlie  whole  of  the  fine  and  soft  coal  will  be  manufactured 
into  briquettes  of  such  dimensions  as  will  be  suitable  for  locorao- 
lives,  marine  and  land  boilers,  and  also  for  household  purposes. 
The  use  of  briquettes  as  fuel  in  America  and  on  the  Continent  of 
Europe  shows  its  calorific  value  to  be  about  20  per  cent*  more  than 
round  coal  from  the  same  mine.  The  output  from  this  mine  during 
last  year  was  46,085  tons. 


H 


4 


Point  Elizabeth. 

The  development  of  the  workings  in  the  Point  Elizabeth  State 
Coal-mine  shows  there  is  an  extensive  field  of  excellent  coal  avail- 
able. The  whole  of  the  development- work  during  the  past  year  ban 
been  confined  to  Nos.  1  and  2  sections.  In  working  up  to  the  rise 
from  both  adit  levels  the  seam  became  very  thin,  but  in  going  to  the 
dip  an  excellent  field  of  coal  has  been  opened  up.  Two  dip  headings 
have  been  constructed  from  the  main  level  in  each  section  for  dis- 
tances of  about  20  chains  and  34  chains  respectively.  These  head- 
ings are  being  carried  on  as  rapidly  as  possible  in  order  to  get  the 


400 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TKAR-BOOK. 


year  the  value  stood  at  £3,333,272.  Since  that  date  the  value 
gradually  decreased  year  by  year  to  £2,636,177  in  December 
quarter,  1899,  but  rose  again  to  £4,052,173  in  1905 :— 


Quarter 

ended 

3lBt  December. 

i             Coin. 

Gold  and  Silver 

in 
Ballion  or  Bars. 

Total  Coin 

and 

Ballion. 

1 

£ 

£ 

1891 

2,231,242 

126,346 

2.867,588 

1892 

2,381,819 

141,406 

2,522,725 

1893 

2,480,453 

121,496 

2.601.949 

1894 

3,103,355 

118,121 

8.221.476 

1895 

3,199,889 

183,388 

8.883,272 

1896 

3,171,702 

122,901 

8,294.603 

1897 

2,848,183 

107.635 

2,956,818 

1898 

2,625,896 

126,349 

2,762,245 

1899 

2,511,102 

126,076 

2,636.177 

1900 

2.658,207 

144,025 

2.802.232 

1901 

2,921,268 

142.575 

3.063,843 

1902 

3,124,916 

167,174 

3,292.090 

1903 

3,597,280 

149,300 

3,746,580 

1904 

3,790,483 

162,592 

3.963,075 

1905 

3,849,039 

203,134 

4,052,173 

The  figures  show 

n  for  eacli  quarter  of  the  year  1 

905  are  :— 

Coin. 

Bullion 

March    quarter, 

1905       . . 

3,815,769 

133,574 

June 

3,803,936 

136,662 

September 

. . 

3,804,145 

168,173 

December 

. . 

3,849,0^9 

203,134 

lu  1886  the  average  amount  of  advances  made  by  the  banks  vaB 
£15,853,420,  equal  to  £27-23  per  head  of  the  mean  population. 
The  advances  gradually  declined  in  amount  and  proportion  to  popu- 
lation until  1891,  when  they  were  in  value  £11,549,145,  or  £18-34 
per  head.  In  1897  advances  stood  at  £10,892,111,  or  £15*09  pei 
head,  which  is  the  lowest  average  since  the  year  1872.  From  then© 
there  was  continuous  rise  both  in  amounts  of  advances  and  rate 
per  head  of    population   until    1905,   for    which  the  figures   ar 


BANK   OF  NEW    ZKALAND.  401 

M16,596,156,  or  JS19'07  per  head.  The  dis<jount«  in  1904  amounted 
to  £2,072,356,  or  £2-45  per  head  of  mean  population,  and  in  1905 
they  were  £2,125.511,  or  £2  44  per  head.  The  largest  amount  of 
discounts  in  any  year  was  £6,Q61;959  in  1879,  a  rate  of  £13  53  per 
head.  From  1879  there  was  a  fall  year  by  year  until  1896,  when 
the  sum  was  £1.756.791,  or  £2-49  per  head. 

An  account  of  tVie  special  banking  legislation  of  1893  and  its 
subsequent  developments  will  be  found  in  the  previous  issaes  of  the 
Year-book,     (See  page  400,  Year-book  1902.) 

»*' The  Bank  of  New  Zealand  Act,  1903." 
This  Act  ^as  passed  in  auuclpeitioD  of  guaranteed  isharee  or  stock  ]s»U6d 
under  the  authority  of  tbu  Act  of  1894,  to  ih&  extent  of  two  million  pounds 
etorliDgf  reaching  maturity  oa  the  l^th  July  of  the  year  1904 ^  and  of 
Ibe  erpiry  of  the  term  of  currency  of  the  debenture*  issued  by  the  Assets 
BiMlisation  Board  (31  at  starch,  1904).  It  also  makes  provisions  under  which 
th€  remaining  liability  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Bank,  under  section  21 
of  **Tbe  Banking  Aoi,  1861/'  ranks  as  ordinary  uncalled  capital,  and  for  the 
fitue  of  fresh  pbares  to  the  Oovcnnneiit  in  lieu  of  the  preferred  shares 
rriginally  iasued  to  the  Crown,  but  afterwards  repurchased  oy  the  Bank. 
Besides  the  above,  tho  Act  deal  a  with  other  matters  afTectiog  the  business 
of  lb«  Bank  and  the  Assets  Heal  1  sat  loo  Board. 

Otdbuiry  Sliarts, 

Every  ordinary  share  in  iho  Bank  ia  deemed  to  bo  a  share  of  the  nominal 
value  of  £6  13s.  4d.,  paid  up  to  the  extent  only  of  the  amount  actually  paid  on 
aocount  of  iostalmenta  of  Ibe  cull  in  respect  of  §ucb  share,  leaviQg  a  liability 
of  the  balance  ol  instalments,  and  the  furthyr  liability  ot  £3  6s.  8d,  per  share, 
bnt  DO  more. 

New  Guaranteed  Stock, 

The  guaranteed  stock  issued  undnr  *'  The  Share  Guarantee  Aot,  1894/'  to  the 
exteol  of  two  milliou  pounds,  matured  on  the  19th  July,  1904,  and  has  bi^en 
rtdeomed  by  the  Bank,  and  a  new  issue  of  guaranteed  stock,  representing 
the  sum  of  one  millioti  pounds  sterling,  having  a  carreooy  not  exceeding  ten 
3ear«,  has  been  made  in  lieu  thereof. 

^B  Prtftrtnct  Skartt. 

"^  The  preferred  shares,  representing  £500,000  new  capital,  issued  under  the 
authority  of  "The  Bank  of  New  Zealand  and  Banking  Act,  1895,"  and  sub- 
sequently repurchased  by  the  Bank,  have  been  cancelled;  aud  in  lieu  thereof 
the  Government  of  New  Zeaiaud  purchased  75,000  preference  laharos  of  the 
Bank,  fully  paid,  representing  £500,000  new  capitaL  The^e  shares  rank  for 
dividend  purposes  in  priority  to  ordinary  shares  to  the  extent  of  5  per  cent. 
per  annum  (noa-oumulative),  and  for  dividends  in  oxoess  of  5  per  cent,  they 
are  entitled  to  only  half  the  rate  payable  on  ordinary  shares;  so  that  where, 
ioi  example,  the  dividend  on  ths  ordinary  fbares  is  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent., 
the  dividend  on  the  preference  shares  will  be  at  the  rate  of  5)  percent.  The 
maximum  rate  of  dividend  payable  on  preference  shares  is  10  per  cent.,  while 
that  payable  on  ordinary  shares  is  not  limited.  Otherwise  the  preferenoe  shares 
eouler  the  same  righta  and  privileges  as  ordinary  shares. 

A»9ft8  Bfalisatwti  Board. 

The  Act  empowers  the  Assets  Board,  for  the  purpose  of  redeeming  such  of 

debentures  as  are  outstanding  at  maturity,  to  issue  fresh  debentures,  having 

eurreooyof  five  years,   for  a  sum  not  oxceeiSlng  in  all  the  face  value  of  the 

'  ~De  of  the  outstanding  debt,  and  bearing  interest  at  a  rate  not  higher  than 

B|  per  cent,  per  annum. 


■beux 

pKeidi 


403 


KIW    2BALAHD   OFriClAL    TEAK-BOOK. 


I 


Ti]«  properties  vested  id  the  AnBoiB  Bo&rd  afb  Io  be  valued  m%  appomted 
times,  and  the  actual  defloieucy  bctweeu  such  value  aod  the  Amount  of  out- 
standing debKnturts  of  the  Board  ofioertainGd,  When  it  is  fnan'i  tbat  the  asxett^ 
of  tbe  Board  are  (sufficient  to  meet  its  liabiltiieSt  the  Qovenior  majr  by  Order  in 
Council  deoiaie  that  the  Board  fihall  Of^ane  to  exixt,  its  properties  being  b&rided 
over  to  tbfi  Bank«  which  tb«r0upan  im  to  redeem  all  tbe  outat^cidiog  debeotuxcii 
of  tbe  Board. 

Oiher  Froviaumt, 


tSSS^i 


December  and  June,  i^a  tbe  dntea  for  holding  the  half  yearly  and 
meet»ngR,   are    aubsiituted    for   February    and  August,      Special    provision  for 
voting  at  elections  of  direct orit  (by  papers  forwarded  and  returned  thri»U|^h  tha 
podL)  is  made,  and  tbe  date  of  tsiection  of  the  oiiaicmau  is  altered  from  Jmnwtxj 
to  April. 

«*Th£  Baki£  of  New  Zeaj^nd  Act»  1904/* 

The  c&piiat  stock  of  one  million  poundi  steiling  iwned  by  the  Bank  uni 
authority  of  the  Act  of  VJ03  i»  to  have  priority,  hobu  as  to  capital  and  dividei 
as  against  the  aHseta  of  tl^e  Bank,  over  all  txistm^  tfaares  of  the  bank,  whet! 
preferenf^e  or  ordinary.  Further  proviai*>B8  of  this  Act  deal  with  ttie  form  in 
whioli  the  stock  may  be  issued,  the  issue  o[  fresh  certificates  on  transfert  I'^^i  or 
destruction  of  certificaies  or  warrants,  also  aa  to  the  countersign iug  of  oerttficale* 
or  warrants. 

The  appointment  and  term  of  office  of  Auditors  is  also  dealt  with 


SAViNQS-BANKS 

The  number  of  post-otfices  open  for  the  transaction  of  saiinp: 
baok  busmesa  at  the  end  of  1905  was  520. 

There  were  60,015  new  accounts  opened  iu  the  year,  and  43,11^ 
accounts  were  closed.  The  total  number  of  open  accounts  at  tbe 
end  of  1905  was  276,066,  or  1  in  every  3'20  of  the  population. 

The  deposits  received  during  the  year  amounted  to  £6,625.744 

Os.   10d„  and  the  withdrawals  to  £5,984,184  12s,  2d.,  the  exceas  ol 

deposits  over  withdraw'als  having  thus  been  £545»559  6s.  8d.     The 

total  sum  standing  at  credit  of  all  aceounta  on  the  31st  December, 

—^    1905,  was  £8,662,022  17s.  Id.,  which  gave  an  average  of  £31  7s.  6d* 

H    to  the  credit  of  each  open  account. 

"  The  number  of  open  accounts  (as  on  the  31st  December)  for 

five  years  are  classiBed  according  to  amounts  at  eredic  of  each : — 

1900.  IS02. 

Not  exceeding  £20    ..  ..  112,363     1G1,989 

^    Exoeedie*g  £20   and  up  to  £50  21/633      25,520 

H  ,  £50  .  £100  13,701 

H  p  £100  £:iO0  11,173 

^^^    ^  £200  £300  6,151 

^^K   »  £300  £400         l,it38 

^^B    »  £400  £500  773 

^^H    ,  £500  668 

[        the 
f       Fm 


I 


16,621 

14,657 

5,473 

1,619 

860 

726 


190tL 

174,563 

26^887 

17.502 

15,58d 

5,499 

1,195 

905 

845 


10i>t. 

187,631 

28,231 

18, 36^ 

15,583 

5.624 

1,918 

950 

858 


197.408    227.465    243,675    259,164 


The  following  were  iliu  securities,  Ac,  standing  in  the  name 
the  Postmaster-Generai  on  account  of  the  Post-Ollice  Savings-i^ank 
Fund  on  the  Slsfc  December,  1905  : — 


L 


^       alrmoB-BAKKs!        1 

1 

1 

^ 

■ 
4 

)3 
t 

^V                     DMerlpkion  of  Beoarlti«». 

Nominal  Value. 

Value  at  Cos 
Price. 

"  The  Ooverciment  Advances  to  Settlern  Exten^ 

« 

1* 

d. 

£ 

s. 

d. 

eion  Actj  1901/'  Debentarea,  3^  per  cent..  > 

80,000 

0 

0 

80,000 

0 

0 

"  Tbe  Aid  to  Public  Works  and  Land  Settle- 

ment Act,  1899,"  Debenture-^,  3^  per  cent. 

125,000 

0 

0 

125,000 

0 

0 

*•  The  Aid  to  Public  Wt>rk8  Qnti  Land  Settle 

merit  Act,  1901,"  Debenture  b,  4  per  cent. 

17,600 

0 

0 

17,600 

0 

0 

*•  The  Aid  to  Public  Workfl  and  Laud  Settle- 

ment Act»  1902/'  Debeniuren,  4  per  cent. . . 

100,000 

0 

0 

100.000 

0 

0 

*'   The  Aid  to  Piiblio  Works  and  Land  Settle- 

ment Act,  1901,"  Deb  ntureB^  3J  per  cent. 

15,000 

0 

0 

15,000 

0 

0 

••  The  Aid  to  Public  Works  and  Land  Settle- 

ment Act,  1903/*  Debentures,  i  per  cent.. . 

5,825 

0 

0 

6,826 

0 

0 

'**  The  Aid  to  Publia  Works  and  Land  Settle- 

1             inent  Act,  1903,"  Debentures,  4  per  cent... 

167,900 

0 

0 

167.900 

0 

0 

>**  The  Gonsolidated  Ijoon  Aot,  1867,"   Deben- 

1             tiires,  4  per  cent. 

13,000 

0 

0 

12,480 

0 

0 

►**  The  Coiisohdated  Stock  Act,  1S84,*'  Deb«n^ 

1            tures,  3  per  cent. 

65.000 

0 

0 

65,000 

0 

0 

F **  Tbe  ConsoJidiited  Stock  Act.  1884/'  Deben- 

tures, 3 J  per  cent. 

507.600 

0 

0 

601jm 

0 

0 

•*  The  CoTSolldated  Stock  Act,  1884/'  Deben- 

ture«»  34  porc-nt. 

128,200 

0 

0 

128*200 

0 

0 

*'Tae  Dairy  Industry  Aot»  1898/'   Debonturog, 

^  per  cent. 

1,781 

0 

0 

1.791 

0 

0 

**The  Defence  and  other  Purposes  Loan  Act^ 

1870/'  Debentures,  4  per  cent.    ., 

75,000 

0 

0 

72,000 

0 

0 

**The  Defence  and  other  Purposes  Loan  Act| 

1870,'*  Debenture«,  4*  per  cent.  . . 
Dunedin  Garrison  Hall  Debentures,  5  per  cent. 

9,100 

0 

0 

8,100 

0 

0 

5,000 

0 

0 

5.000 

0 

0 

"The   General    Purposes    Loan    Act,    1873/' 

Deben  tares.  4  per  oen t. . . 

5,200 

0 

0 

4,342 

0 

0 

**  The  Governmetit  Advances  t  •  Bettlers  Act, 

1894/*  Debcuturcsi,  4  per  cent.     . . 

30,000 

0 

0 

30,000 

0 

0 

"The  G-vernment   Advances  to  Settlers  Act, 

1894,  "  Debenture-,  3^  per  cent.,. 

210,000 

0 

0 

210,000 

0 

0     _ 

♦*  The  Government  Loan»  to  Local  Bodies  Act, 

1886/*  Dobcnturea,  3^  per  cent.  , . 
Greymouth     Harbour   Board    Debenttires,    4 

231,500 

0 

0 

231.500 

0 

0  H 

per  cent* 

140,000 

0 

0 

140,000 

0 

0 

Bamilton  Borough  Debentures.  4^  per  cent.. . 

3.000 

0 

0 

3,000 

0 

0 

Hokittkft  Harbour  Board  Dehen  tii  m^,  5  per  cent. 

10,000 

0 

0 

10.000 

0 

0 

**The  Hutt  Raitway  and  lioad  Improvement 

Act,  1903.^*  Di  bentures.  3J  per  ^ent. 

45,000 

0 

0 

45,000 

0 

0 

**Tr»o   Immigration  and  Public  Works  Loan 

Act,  1870,*'  Debentures,  4  percent. 

174,200 

0 

0 

167,272 

0 

0 

'      "The  Immigration    and  Public  Works  Loan 

Act*  1870/'  Debentures,  4|  per  cent. 

20.900 

0 

0 

20.527 

10 

0 

"  The   Immigration  and  Public    Works   Loan 

Act,  1870,"    Debentures,  4  per  cent.  (Im- 

perial guaranteed) 

400,000 

0 

0 

400,000 

0 

0 

Inscribed  Stock,  3  per  cent. 

2,184,940 

0 

0 

2,176,582 

18 

0 

Inscribed  Stock,  SJ  per  cent. 

358,300 

0 

0 

358,300 

0 

0 

**Tbe     Land    lor    Settlements     Act,    1894/' 

1             Debentures.  34  per  cent. 

741.066 

0 

0 

741,066 

0 

0 

The   Land   for    Settlements    Acts,   1694    and 

1897,  Dobentures,  SJ  per  cent.    . . 

62,000 

0 

I 

0' 

1 

62,000 

0 

1 

0 

404  NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 

Deooription  of  Seoarities. 


Nominal  Yalue. 


YftlneatGott 
PriM. 


25,000 

160 

10,000 


8.  d 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 


279,000    0    0 


60,000 

755,000 

55.000 

25,000 

10,000 

13,800 
31,000 
26,870 

140,000 

1,600 


''  The  Land  for  Bettlements  Consolidation  Act,  ! 

1900,"  Debentures,  4  per  cent.    . .  . .  I 

'*  The  Land  for  Settlements  Consolidation  Act,  | 

1900,"  Debentures,  4  per  cent.     . .  .    ! 

''  The  Land  for  Settlements  Consolidation  Act, 

1900,"  Debentures,  SJ  percent.  .. 
*'  The  Lands  Improvement  and  Native  Lands 

Acquisition  Act,  1894,"  Debentures,  4  per 

cent.  . . 
**  The  Lands  Improvement  and  Native  Lands 

Acquisition  Act,  1894,"  Debentures,  3^  per 

cent.  . . 
-'  The  Local  Bodies'  Loans  Act,  1901,"  Deben 

tures,  3^  per  cent. 
''  The  Local  Bodies'  Loans  Act,  1901,"  Deben 

tures,  4  per  cent. 
•'The  New  Zealand  Consols  Act,  1894,"  De 

bentures,  3}  per  cent.    . . 
"The  Scenery  Preservation  Act,   1903,"  De 

bentures,  3J  per  cent.    . . 
Oamaru  Borough  Consolidated  Loan,  1893,  De 

bentures,  5  per  cent. 
Oamaru  Harbour  Bonds,  5^  per  cent. 
Patea  Harbour  Board  Debentures    ^  . 
*'The  State  Coal-mines  Act,  1901,"   Deben 

tures,  3^  per  cent. 
'♦  The  State  Fire  Insurance  Act,  1903,"  De 

bentures,  3}  per  cent.     . . 
"The  State  Fire  Insurance  Act,  1903,"  De 

tures,  4  per  cent. 
Thames  Harbour  Board  Debentures,  4  per  cent, 
"The  Public  Revenues  Act,  1893"  (Treasury 

Bills),  3i  per  cent. 
Westport   Harbour  Board  Debentures,  4  per 

cent.  . . 

Totals 


Most  of  this  fund  is  invested  in  securities  of  the  New  Zealand 
General  Government.  Summarising  the  figures  shows  the  invest- 
ments to  be : — 


0  01 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  Oi 

0  o! 

0  0 

0  a 

ooj 

0  0 


£  I.  d. 

25,000   0  0 

150   0  0 

10,000   0  0 

279,000   0  0 

60,000  0   0 

755,000  0   0 

55,000  0    0 

25,000  0    O 

10,000  0    O 

18,800  0  O 
31.000  0  O 
26,870    0    O 

140,000    0    O 

1,500    0    O 


500 
10,000 

0 
0 

0 
0 

500 
10,000 

0  0 
0  0 

599,200 

0 

0 

599,200 

0  0 

489,500 

0 

0 

489,500 

0  0 

8,462,532 

0 

0 

8,442,496 

8  0 

In  New  Zealand  Government  securities  . . 
In  local  bodies'  securities 
In  other  securities 

Total 


7,733,862 

724,170 

5,000 


..  £8,462,532 

There  are  five  savings-banks  in  the  colony  not  connected 
with  the  Post  OflSce.  The  total  amount  deposited  in  them  in 
1905  was  £902,166  8s.  8d.,  of  which  the  deposits  by  Maoris 
comprised  £275  158.  6d.  The  withdrawals  reached  the  sum  of 
£904,918  8s.  3d.,  or  more  than  the  total  deposits  by  £2,761  198.  7d. 
The  total  amount  to  the  credit  of  the  depositors  at  the  end  of  the 
year  was  £1,111,931  Os.  7d.,  of  which  sum  £284  Is.  6d.  belonged  to 
Maoris. 


DIA4aRAM  n^,  7. 


I 


BANKS    OF    ISSUE. 

AMOUNT  Of  DEPOSITS. 

1895,  19€0,  and  1905.CAverage  of  Four  Quarters) 


1895,  £13^.115. 


19O0:  £l&.&7a610. 


1905    £SQ.b^3 


1906, 


SAVINGS    BANKS. 

{POST^OFFICE  AND  PRIVATE,) 

Amount  to  Credit  of  Depositors  at  end  of 
Years  1895.  1900,  and  1905. 


1895 

PotUJfice:  JE3,895,543. 

~~1 

Prime ;  i72S.l 

1 

53^ 

TotftI :  £Amm 

1900 

hnuBoe  £b,mjm 

1 

PrivtU 

1 

Tot4[ :  £SmdU 


Po*UJBc8    .£8.eS3.023. 


Pnfate  £1.111,931 


Tbtal :  ,£9,773.951 


i  »..        ■'.  ■»- 


BUILDING   SOCIETIES.  405 

SUMMABY    OF  ALL   DEPOSITS. 

If  the  total  deposits  in  the  banks  of  issue  at  the  end  of  the  year 
be  assumed  to  be  equal  to  the  average  deposits  for  the  four  quarters 
of  the  year,  then  it  may  be  affirmed  that,  exclusive  of  Government 
moneys,  the  deposits  in  the  said  banks  of  issue  and  in  the  two 
classes  of  savings-banks  amounted  at  the  end  of  1905  to  £28,380,426. 
In  addition,  there  are  the  deposits  with  building  societies,  which  in 
1904  were  £401,968,  and  it  is  known  that  there  were  also  deposits 
with  financial  companies  of  which  no  particulars  have  been  sup- 
plied. The  known  deposits  reach  an  average  of  £32  12s.  4d.  per 
head  of  the  population,  exclusive  of  Maoris. 

Building  Societies. 

There  were  84  registered  building  societies  in  operation  in  the 
colony  at  the  end  of  1904.  Of  these,  52  were  terminable  societies^ 
the  rest  were  permanent. 

The  total  receipts  by  these  societies  during  their  financial  year 
were  £982,383,  of  which  deposits  comprised  £416,912. 

The  assets  at  the  end  of  the  year  were  valued  at  £1,633,305. 
The  liabilities  were :  To  shareholders,  reserve  fund,  <&c.,  £1,195,195  ;  to 
depositors,  £401,968  ;  and  to  bankers  and  other  creditors,  £36,142. 

Joint-stock  Companies. 
During  the  year  ended  31st  December,   1905,   203  joint-stock 
companies,    with    a    total   nominal    capital    of    £2,597,760,    were 
registered  under  the  provisions  of  "  The  Companies  Act,  1903." 


Ooinpanies  registered 

in  1905. 

District  where  registered.                         No. 

Nominal  Capital 

Auckland 

62 

899,660 

Taranaki 

5 

16,000 

Hawke'8  Bay      . . 

8 

21,000 

Wellington 

47 

459,290 

Marlborough 

3 

29,600 

Nelson 

6 

89,000 

Westland 

6 

80,812 

Canterbury 

28 

896,800 

Otago    .. 

27 

561,300 

Southland 

16 

144,400 

Totals  ..  208  2,597,760 

Fbiendly  Societies. 

The  Registrar  of  Friendly  Societies  received  returns  for  the  year 
1904  from  516  lodges,  courts,  tents,  &c.,  of  various  friendly  societies 
throughout  the  colony.  The  number  of  members  at  the  end  of  1904 
was  47,302. 

The  total  value  of  the  assets  of  these  societies  was  £936,388, 
equivalent  to  £19  15s.  lid.  per  member.  Of  the  total  assets,  the 
value  of  the  sick  and  funeral  benefit  funds  was  £835,027. 

The  receipts  during  the  year  on  account  of  the  sick  and  funeral 
funds  amounted  to  £119,145,  and  the  expenditure  to  fi.'IS^^i^^,  ^1 
which  the  aick-pay  to  members  reached  the  aum  ol  fe^^ii^l .   \\5l 


405 


NEW    EBALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


addition  to  the  sick-pay,  the  sum  of  £43,539  was  paid  out  of  the 
medical  and  management  expenses  fund  for  attend[«uice  given  aod 
medicine  supplied  to  the  members  and  their  families. 

The  Registrar  of  Friendly  Societies  has  supplied  particulars  of 
the  number  of  members  of  friendly  societies,  the  amount  of  their 
accumulated  capital,  and  the  average  capital  per  member  in  Ans- 
tralasia,  according  to  the  latest  published  statistics,  arranged  in 
order  of  membership : — 


State  or  Colony.        I    Date  of  Return. 


I 


;  Number 
!       of 
:  Lodges. 


Number 

of 
Membeiv. 


Victoria 

New  South  Wales 

New  Zealand 

South  Australia 

QaeenRland 

TaRmania  . . 

Western  Australia 


j  3l8t  Doc.  1903  I     1.155  jl01,717 


Amount     .   Capiti] 

of  I      Iter 

Funds.         Member. 


1902 
1904  ! 
1900. 
1903' 

1902  I 

1903  . 


981 
479 
470 
388 
171 
199 


96,671 
47.302 
42,976 
31,913 
15.456 
12,522 


£ 
1,475.403 
802.609 
936.388 
532,270 
314,711 
115,945 
71,022 


14  10  1 

8  6  1 
19  15  11 
12    7  8 

9  17  8 
7  10  0 
5  13  6 


New  Zealand  shows  by  far  the  highest  average  of  capital  per 
member,  Victoria  and  South  Australia  following,  out  not  closely, 
while  the  averages  of  Queensland,  New  South  Wales,  Tasmanift, 
and  Western  Australia  are  less  than  half  the  sum  shown  for  thif 
colony. 

Mortgages. 

In  a  return  laid  before  the  House  of  Bepresentatives  it  is 
stated  that  during  the  year  ended  Slst  March,  1905,  mortgages 
to  the  value  of  £11.009, .512  were  registered  in  the  several  land 
registration  districts  of  the  colony,  while  the  monetary  value  of 
those  paid  off  amounted  to  £7,812,657.  Compared  with  a  similar 
return  for  the  year  1903-4  tlie  mortgages  registered  show  an  in- 
crease of  £1,150,988,  the  total  amount  for  the  earlier  year  having 
been  £9,858,524. 

The  total  amounts  represented  in  the  mortgages  registered  and 
paid  off  in  each  registration  district  during  1903-4  and  1904-5  were:— 

1903-4.  1904-5. 


DiHtrict 

MortK'aRes 

Mort«a«es 

Mort^aiies 

Mortf!4g« 

L/iniricir. 

regiHterod. 

paid  off. 

regiHterwl. 

paid  off. 
935.06S 

Auckland 

1.148,88y 

732,379 

1,121,017 

Poverty  Bay  . . 

200,309 

290,559 

374,542 

239,643 

Taranaki 

956,883 

622,050 

800,191 

520.449 

Hawke'a  Bay. . 

892,049 

639,406 

1.288,447 

1,273,350 

Wellington     . . 

2,882,330 

1,790,330 

3,307,712 

2.104,060 

Marlborough  . . 

105,055 

81,635 

135,641 

88,2S4 

Nelson 

189,728 

131,977 

181,135 

157.853 

Westland 

41,961 

24,376 

35,659 

22,8S4 

Canterbury     . . 

2,243,350 

1,933,260 

2,520,975 

1.586,388 

Otago 

708,320 

597,554 

637.084 

482,401 

Southland      . . 

429,550 

327,593 

601,109 

40S,38S 

Totals     . . 

£9.858,524 

£TAn\A\% 

S.V\  ,^yjft  ,^\«1 

^.812,667 

»iOHTOAa£S. 


407 


>11 


Ulassi^ed  according  to  the  various  rales  of  ioterest,  the  atnounts 
b  the  TDortgage  deeds  registered  during  ihe  two  years  were: — 


carl 


88.741 
2.271,519  (/*) 

137,067  (i) 

3,217,494 

40,702 

679,361 

800 

957,846 

780 

120,770 

277^304 

175,479 

94,376 

1,779,597 


£9,868,524 


igo4-G. 

X 
71,830 
929,094  (a} 
295,886 
4.485.105 

37, GIB  (h) 
1,104.559  {C) 
9,143  (d) 
l,538.8(iC 
11,618  [&) 
13l.b02 
13,050 
435,213 

32,833  if\ 
224,085  {g) 
143,361 
l,lS5,i:U 

£11,009.512 


RAte  of  Iiitar««t.. 

at  4  per  cent,  or  uuder. 

At  4^  per  cent. 

at  4|^  per  ceut. 

at  5  pur  oerit, 

at  5J  per  coat, 

at  54  per  cent. 

at  5)  per  cent. 

at  6  per  ceuL 

at  6J  per  oeut. 

at  G^  per  cent. 

at  tj^  per  uctit. 

At  7  [ler  cent. 

at  lt^  [wt  cent, 

at  S  per  codL. 

at  8i  per  oeQt.  and  ovm. 

at  tatei»  aot  speotfied. 


€l,800  'it  5 J  per  cent. 
^100  at  7J  P'  r  cent. 
^.aOO  at  ^  per  oeot. 
4|  per  oont. 


(6.)  Inoludiug 
d.\  Including 
{f.\  InQluclihg 

,   ^ p^ ,.  (/i)  Includiu^f 

(i.)   Inoluding  £'6.5U0  at  4|  per  cent,  and  J^OO  at 


(A.)  Inctuaing  £140  at  4^  and  £47,000  at  4|  per  cent. 
^1,416  at  5|  pt^r  cent,  {c)  [nclaiiirig  £800  at  5|  per  cent. 

{€,)  Inci  tilling  £1,200  at  tij  per  cent. 
{g)  including  £900  at  8^  per  cent. 


Comparison  of  the  foregoing  with  ttie  amounts  at  the  vanous 
fates  of  interest  in  the  mortgages  regiettjred  duriug  1895-96  shows 
the  loweriug  of  the  rates  that  has  taken  place  ;^ 


Year  SSKMlfi. 

i 

26.285     . 

833.326     . 

732.764 

116,600 

1,372,261 
371,896 
599,542 
11K65] 
3^2,348 
173.416 
858,801 

£5.573,790 


.     in  small  aums  at  les»  than  5  per  c^nt. 
.     at  from  5  per  cent,  to  5 J  per  cent, 
,     at  54  per  cent. 
.     at  b\  per  cent, 

at  from  G  per  cent,  to  5J  per  cent, 

at  from  (5^  per  cent,  to  6f  per  cent, 

at  from  7  per  oont,  to  7^  per  cent. 

at  7|  per  cent. 

at  8  per  cent. 

in  small  siitOH,  at  rates  above  3  per  oont. 

at  rates  wbicij  are  not  specified. 


The  total  amount  shown  in  deeds  as  secured  by  mortgage  under 
Ihe  Land  Transfer  Act  on  31st  March,  1905,  was  £49,030,811,  as 
AKainst  £45.493»o52  in  March.  1901.  £42,906,772,  in  March,  1903. 
J^40.o37.169  in  March,  1902,  £37,767,650  in  March.  1901, 
£.^5,303,728  in  March,  1900,  £33.035,337  in  March,  1899,  £32.152.288 
in  March,  189S,  and  £31.112,921  in  March.  1897;  but  in  respect 
of  Boiiie  transactions  the  same  mouey  may  be  iacluded  more  than 
ODce. 


408 


NEW    KBALAXD   OFPtCIJlL    TI&Alt-BOOK. 


LiPK    IK8URAH0H. 

There  were  existing  in  the  colony  at  the  close  of  the  year  19(M 
110.221  Hfe-insurauce  policies,  an  average  of  129  in  every  1,000 
persons  hving.  The  gross  amount  represented  by  these  policies 
was  £27.074,171,  an  average  of  £245  12s.  5d.  for  each  poUcy,  and  of 
£31  Us,  5d,  for  every  European  inhabitant  of  the  colouy  at  the  end 
of  the  year. 

The  distribution  of  these  policies  shows  that  40  per  cent,  are 
held  in  the  Government  Life  Insurance  Departraent : — 


Name  of  Office- 


Nttuiber  of 

YoKn  of 
Bttsiaou  in 
the  Oolooy. 


New  Zealand  fiQsia«a  only. 
Number  of 


Enslang    i  ,  ^ 
Policies  at    *°^: 
End  of  Year      ^ 
1004. 


.ijt 

iSl 


t 


iustrajian  Mutual  Provident  Society 
FAustrataBian  Temperauce  &nd  Gencr&l 
Mutual     Life     Assurimoe     Society 
(Limitod) 

iuatraUftn   Widowa'   Fund    Life    As- 
surance Society  (Limited) 
^<;iti«enB'    Life    Assurance    Company 
^Limited) 

Colonial   Mutual  Life   Assurance   So- 
ciety (Limited)    . . 

Equitable  Life  Assarauce  Sooieiy  of 
the  United  States 

Mutual   Life  Association  of  Austral- 
asia 

Katioiml  Mutual  Life  Association  of 
Australasia  (Limited) 

New  York  Life  Insurance  Company  .  * 

Scottish  Metropolitan  Life  Assuranoe 
Companv  (Limited) 

Yorkshire  Insurauoe  Company 

Life    Inburanoe    Department    of    the 
New  Zealand  Government 

TotalB,  December,  1904 
TotalSi  December,  1903 


13 


31,889 


S,h:iS,Ub 


•I 

1.153 

US.y45 

7 

2,378 

CU,2S4 

11 

4,67e 

604,9Sa 

21 

4.984 

1.255;d54 

20 

2,790 

965,Cr>5 

29 

T,259 

1.756.313 

25 
18 

843 

2,421.m 
305,445 

8 
3 

14 
146 

5.500 
28,400 

35 

44.194 

lO,:iS9.56l> 

1 

110/237    ; 
104,982     j 

£27,074,171 
i-25»a78,909 

The  rate  at  which  life  insurance  increased  is  evidenced  by  A» 
difference  between  the  amounts  insured  at  the  end  of  each  of  the 
two  years  1903  and  1901,  being  a  sum  of  £1,195,262,  or  4-6^  per 
cent.,  while  for  the  same  twelve  mouths  population  increased  by 
3  01  per  cent.  only. 

Industrial  Lipe  Ashuhakcb. 

In  addition  to  the  ordinary  life  insurance  transactions  alluded  to 
above,  there  were  in  1904  three  industrial  hfe  assurance  offices  doing 
business  in  New  Zealand.  The  number  of  policies  in  existence  and 
the  gross  amount  insured  by  such  policies  at  the  end  of  the  year 
v^ere :— 


LIFE    ARSDRANCE, 


409 


Nxme  of  Oflicp^ 


Z«Alaind  Bnsliidw  only. 


^^SSSI^S'       OroM  Amount 

Eq4  of  Y«ar 
1904. 


lit  Eq4  of  Year 

19Q4L 


113,265 
373,210 
365,213 


Tobals,  December,  1904 
Total»,  December,  1903 


34,364 
30,714 


£851 ,668 
£756,051 


Fhe     AuBtralaflisn     TemperaQce     ftnd 

General  Mutual   Lifo  Assurance  So- 

ciety  (Limited) 
The  Qilizens*  Life  Assurance  Oompiuiy 

(LimiUd) 
The  Provident  and  Industrial  Insurance 
^iompany  of  Now  Zealand  .. 

Here  an  increase  of  £95,637,  or  12*66  per  cent.,  is  shown  to  have 
, taken  place  io  tweke  months. 

B     **The  Government  Accidknt  Insueanck  Act,  1899." 

By  this  statute  the  Commissioner  of  Life  Insurance  is  given 
power  to  insure  persons  against  accident,  and  especially  employers 
agamst  liability  for  accident  to  any  person  employe!],  besides 
generally  doing  the  business  of  an  insurer  against  accident. 

In  1901  an  Accident  Branch  of  the  Government  Insurance  De- 
partment was  opened  mainly  with  a  view  to  relieve  employers  of 
Ubour  of  the  liability  imposed  upon  them  by  *'  The  Workers'  Com- 
peusation  for  Accidents  Act,  1900/'  In  such  a  business  the  rates 
charged  mast  necessarily  be  of  an  experiuiental  nature  for  a  con- 
**derabl*3  time,  but  so  far  they  have  proved  to  be,  on  the  average, 
^qual  to  the  strain  imposed  upon  them.  In  any  event  the  interests 
P^the  life-insurance  policyholders  cannot  suffer,  as  the  life  funds  arc 
»1  no  case  liable,  and  the  costs  of  conducting  the  business  are  borne 
-mirely  by  the  Accident  Branch  itself. 

'*  The  Employers'  Liability  Act,  1882,"  and  its  amendments  give 
t  workman  the  right  to  claim  for  any  accident  caused  through  any 
'efect  in  the  ways,  works,  niachiTiery,  or  plant  of  the  employ er»  or 
hrougb  the  neglect  of  any  overseer  in  the  service  of  the  employer, 
Wth  certain  limitations,  the  maximum  amount  he  can  claim  being 
i500. 

*'The  Workers'  Compensation  for  Accidents  Act,  1900,*'  greatl 
Intends  the  liability  of  employers,  as  under  this  Act  a  workman  can 
tlaim  compensation  for  injuries  arising  out  of  and  in  the  course  of 
08  employment,  not  attributable  to  his  serious  and  wilful  miscon- 
luct. 
_The  compensation  is  as  follows  : — 
[.(o.)  Where   death  results    from  the  injury   and   the  workman 
leaves  dependants  wholly  dependent  upon  his  earnings, 
the  compensation  is  three  years'  wages,  but  not  to  be  less 
than  £200,  uor  to  exceed  £400 • 


410 


KBW    SEALAlfP   OFFICIAL    TSAR-BOOK. 


{h.)  If  dependants  are  left  partially  dependent  upon  the  worfc- 
man's  eamingi^,  the  compensation  13  to  be  8t]ch  sum  as 
may  be  aja^-eed  upon,  not  exceeding  the  amount  payabJe 
under  the  former  provision, 
(c.)  If  no  dependants  are  left,  the  compensation  is  to  be  a  sum 
equal    to    the  reasonable   expenses   of    the    workman's 
medical  attendance  and  burial,  not  exceeding  £30. 
(d.)  Where  a  workman  is  totally  incapacitated  for  work»  he  is 
entitled  to  a  weekly  payment  from  the  date  of  the  acci^ 
dent»  not  exceeding  oO  per  cent,  of  hia  average  weekly 
earnings.     If  the  incapacity   is  partial  only,  he  cannot 
claim  for  the  first  week  unless  the  incapacity  coiuinuet 
for  a  longer  period  than  two  weeks.     The  weekly  pay- 
ment is  not  to  exceed  i£9,  nor  to  be  less  than  £1  wbeo 
earning  as  much  as  ifil  10a,  at  the  time  of  accident,  and 
the  total  linbiiity  of  the  employer  is  limited  to  £300. 
If  the  accident  occurs  in  course  of  employment  in  or  about  « 
mine,  factory,  building,  or  vessel,  the  compensation  becomes  a  charge 
on    the   employer's  interest   on    the   property.     Thig   charge  tak68 
precedence  of  all  existing  or  subsequent  charges  or  encumbranisei 
howsoever  created  other  than  those  lawfully  existing  at  the  time  o( 
the  commencement  of  the  Act. 

The  Department's  policies  cover  the  full  liability  of  an  employer 
to  his  workmen  under  the  Employers*  Liability  Acts  and  the 
Workers*  Compensation  for  Accidents  Acts^  and  the  liability  tindef 
common  law  to  the  extent  of  £500  per  man. 

The  premiums  are  assessed  on  tlic  wages,  and  vary  from  6e. 
per  £100  of  wages  for  light  occupation s^  such  a»  barbers,  clerks, 
drapers,  &c.,  to  26s.  per  cent,  for  building  trades,  53s,  per  cent,  for 
coal-mines,  and  65s.  per  cent,  for  hushfeiling. 

Policies  protecting  mortgagees  from  loss  through  the  charge  of 
an  injured  workman  taking  precedence  of  a  mortgage  are  issued  ftt 
premiums  varying  from  Is.  per  cent,  of  the  mortgage  for  small  mort- 
gages to  6d.  per  cent,  for  large  mortgages. 

Personal -accident  policies  are  also  issued  securing  amounts  for 
accidental  death  and  permanent  total  or  partial  disablement,  and 
weekly  allowances  during  temporary  disablement. 

The  premium  income  and  claims  of  the  Accident  Branch  since 
the  commencement  of  business  have  been  as  follows: — 


YtJAf. 


aftisDA 


7th  June  to  31  Bt  December,  1901 
Ymr  ending  31sL  Dect-mb^r^  1902 
Yeftr  eiiiiijig  3l8t  Decern lier,  1903 
Year  ending  8lMt  D«cerrbi^r,  ItKM 
YeAf  ending  31st  December »  1905 


11,866 
14,100 
24.361 
23,708 
23,970 


i 

7,901 
13,290 
1S.109 
11.841 


PBIVATE   WBALTH.  411 

The  fands,  assets,  and  liabilities  of  the  Government  Insurance 
Department  belonging  to  its  Accident  Insurance  Branch  are  to  be 
kept  separate  and  distinct  from  the  main  life-insurance  business, 
ind  powers  are  vested  in  the  Governor  to  make  regulations  in  regard 
ko  tables  fixing  rates  of  premiums  and  other  details  for  the  conduct 
3f  accident  insurance. 

Statb  Fibs  Insukance. 

A  special  article  on  this  subject  will  be  found  in  Part  III  of 
^8  book. 

The  Public  Tbust  Office. 

This  institution  was  described  in  full  detail  in  the  Year-book 
br  1898.  page  454. 

Classifying  the  business  as  on  the  3l8t  March,  1905  and  1906, 
Aie  results  are  : — 

190S.  1906. 


Number 

Value 

Number 

Value 

of 

of 

of 

of 

Estates. 

Escates. 

Estates. 

Estotes 

Wills  and  truRta  (including  sinking 

£ 

£ 

fanda  accounts) 

954 

1,922,303 

1,091 

2,252,81 

Intestate  estates 

1,070 

277,779 

1.092 

318,490 

Mental  patientb'  estates 

940 

256.645 

1,031 

280,402 

Native  reserves 

119 

380,000 

119 

400,000 

West  Coast  Settlement  Reserves 

338 

715,000 

333 

730,000 

Unclaimed  lands    . . 

268 

25,628 

311 

28,287 

Total       ..  ..  ..       3,684     £3,577,365      3,977    £4,009,992 

The  capital  funds  of  the  Public  Trust  Ofl&ce  invested  amounted, 
on  the  31st  March,  1906,  lo  £1,851,396.  The  investments  are  as 
follow : — 

Netv  Zealand  Government  securities  41,896 

Local  bodies' debentures      ..  ..  ..  91,249 

Mortgages  of  freehold  property  ..  ..  ..     1,718,251 

Total £1,851,396 

Private  Wealth. 

The  private  wealth  of  the  colony  has  been  estimated  as  for  the 
year  1905,  calculating  on  the  assumption  that  the  wealth  of  the 
living  is  proportionately  equal  to  that  left  by  the  dead. 

Working  on  the  adult  method,  but  excluding  Maoris,  the  re- 
sults for  New  Zealand,  calculated  on  figures  for  the  five  years 
ending  with  1905,  were  as  under  : — 

Pbivatb  Wealth  in  New  Zealand. 

1.  Estates  of  deceased  persons  :  net  amount  sworn  to  (five  years)     £14,871,393 

5.  Deaths  of  adults  (number)  (five  years)  27,098 

3.  Average  amount  left  by  each  adult               . .  £548'S 

4.  Adults  alive,  3l8t  December,  1905  (estimated  number)             . .  471,411 

6.  Aggregate  private  wealth,  31st  Deoemoer,  1905                         . .  £258,710,000 
6.  Wealth  per  b'ad  of  total  eHtinia'rd  population  on  Slst  Decem- 
ber, 1906                                                       £293169 


41^ 


SEW    ZEALAND    OfFICJAL    TEAK-BOOK. 


The  caloalation  hEts  been  mode  on  the  same  method  as  that 
adopted  in  Australian  States,  It  may  be  well  to  repeat  the  remark 
made  before,  that  only  a  rough  approximation  to  the  facts  can  b« 
put  forward. 

Estimated  Private  Wealth. 


Yaw, 

1890 
1895 
1906 


Amoout. 
£ 

142,631,161 

152,918,021 

258,710,357 


In  the  year  1890  the  private  wealth  was  estimated  at 
-€142,631,000,  which  rose  to  ^152,918,000  in  1895.  during  a  perioci 
of  five  years.  Frooi  this  last  amount  the  private  wealth  would 
appear  to  have  advanced  to  £258,710,000  in  the  year  1905. 

An  attempt  to  arrive  at  the  value  of  the  publi^i  property  (exeta- 
sivG  of  leasees'  interests  in  land  and  improvements)  in  the  colony, 
with  the  assistance  of  the  Valuer-General,  has  led  lo  the  folio wijig 
result : — 

Public  Fropebty. 

FabUo    property  —  i.e ,    land    and    improvements   nal   owned    by    tndividiuU 
(1904-5,  latest  information  ftviwilable),  exolusife  o!  Government  rttilwayt  :— 


Crown  lands 
LooB.1  Authontiew'  landa 
Educational  lands     . . 
Church  and  other  lands 


17,031,927 
5,581,480 
4,012,795 
2,975,684 


Government  railways,  open  and  under  construction,  31st  Marob,  1906 
Other  public  works — viz.,  telegraphs^   lighthouses,   barboursi   and 
water-supply  on  gold  fie  Ids  . . 


i29, 601,886 
a4,O99,06S 

5,1434S9 


Total  public  property  ..  .  £5S,836|lOI 

This  amount  of  £58,836,103.  with  the  sum  of  £2o8J10;000 
previously  shown  as  the  private  wealth,  estimated  from  probate 
returns,  gives  a  total  of  £317,546,103.  If  to  this  be  ad^ed 
£8»684,284,  the  value  of  Native  lands  with  their  improvements 
(exclusive  of  lessees*  interests),  a  final  total  of  £326,230.387  is 
reached. 

As  before  stated,  so  much  of  this  sum  as  represents  private 
wealth  may  be  considered  as  net  wealth,  because  stamp  duty  is  paid 
after  subtractiog  liabilities  on  estates.  But  the  d^bt  of  the  General 
Government  and  that  of  the  local  bodies  (so  far  as  raised  abroad) 
must  be  deducted.  The  amounts  were,  in  the  year  1905,  £oO,589.169 
and  £5,638,600  respec lively*  Allowing  for  these,  it  is  found  that 
the  colony  had  in  1905  at  least  £270,002,618  value  of  public  aod 
private  wealth.  FuJl  information  as  to  public  wealth  ovher  thaJi 
property  owned  by  the  Government  is  not  procurable* 


AVBRAOE   PBICES  OF  PBODUCB,   ETC. 


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SECTION   XVI.— FINANCE. 

Subsection  A. — Revenue  and  Expbmditubb  of  thb  Obnbbal' 

Government. 

The  revenue  proper  for  the  year  ended  31st  March,  1906,  amountad 
to  £7,584,359,  and  other  receipts  were  £65,739,  including  £65,000 
^  as  the  proceeds  of  sinking-fund  debentures.  The  total  receipts  wbr 
thus  £7,650,098.  The  principal  increases  over  the  previous  yetr 
were  in  railways,  £120,651 ;  Customs  duties,  £65,428 ;  stamps, 
£41,144;  and  land  and  income  tax,  £40,766.  All  the  other  heads  of 
revenue  exceeded  the  previous  year*s  receipts. 

The  expenditure  for  the  year  under  permanent  charges  and  votes 
reached  £7,122,340,  or  £486,438  in  excess  of  that  for  the  previous  i 
year.  Amongst  the  permanent  charges  interest  and  sinking  food 
shows  an  increase  of  £93,475  over  the  previous  year,  arising  from 
the  payment  of  interest  on  new  loans  issued ;  and  old-age  pensiou 
amounted  to  £59,988  more  than  for  the  previous  year,  owing  to  the 
increase  in  the  annual  pension  paid.  The  amount  transferred  to  the 
Public  Works  Fund  during  the  year  was  £500,000,  making  the  total 
expenditure  out  of  the  Consolidated  Fund  £7,622,340. 

Summarising  the  above  results  it  is  found  that  the  balance  o( 
receipts  over  expenditure  for  the  year  amounted  to  £27,758.  To 
this  must  be  added  the  amount  brought  forward  from  the  previooi 
year,  £761,036 ;  and  the  total,  £788,794,  represents  the  balance 
carried  forward  for  the  current  financial  year's  operations. 


RBVBNUE  AND  KXPKNDITURK. 


419 


"he  chief  heads  of  revenue  and  expenditure  are  shown   here- 
^' — 

Revbmub  and  Expenditure. 


761.096 


£ 

se  on  3l8t   March, 

nsdaties... 

S.697.411 

luty           

98.135 

telegraph  caah  re- 
»)              

1.201.863 

AX             

Sa-i.756 

e-tax         

961.815 

ky"          

9,338.418 

ration    and    other 

108.929 

sduee       

36.730 

laneons    ... 

195.811 

>rial  revenue 

960.789 

receipts^ 
eeds  of  debentures 
increases  of  sink- 
;  fund 

65.000 

▼eries   in    respect 
Bxpendtiure  of  pre- 
us  years 

789 

7.584.359 


65.739 


£S.41],134 


Expenditure. 

£ 

His  Excellency  the   Go- 
▼emor 

7.000 

Legislative         

55.886 

Ministers'    salaries    and 
allowances 

19,530 

charges 

B.087.437 

Exchange   and    commis- 
sion    ... 

93.396 

Pensions,  civil  and  miU- 
t*ry     

46.979 

Old-age  pensions 

958.790 

Railways 

1.594.954 

Pablic  instraction 

714,071 

Postal  and  telegraph  ser- 
vices   ... 

577.115 

Judicial  and  legal 

995.675 

Hoppitals  and  charitable 
institutions     ... 

131, 109 

Defence              

156.565 

Subsidies  to  local  bodies 

96.348 

Departuient  of  Agricul- 
ture      

124,f48 

Mfntfil  taQF^pitaU 

79.663 

Valuation  Department ... 

30.279 

Customs 

44.459 

Marine    (including    har- 
bours and  lights) 

48.490 

Printing  and  stationery 

43.868 

Australasian   Naval   De- 
fe  Ce... 

40.000 

Electoral 

51.570 

Land    lui'l    Income    Tax 
DepaitmoDt    ... 

90.920 

Rcp;{!*trfLt{oi:i  of  land  and 
df^^4i!%,    Uirtbft,   deaths, 
And  mai-HAgtis 

96.799 

Public      biiUrlltigfl      and 
douialna 

96,803 

Publlo     He*llli    Depart- 
ment  ... 

23.215 

Indubtrips  and  Commerce 

40.067 

Tou  Tim  t  Dspia  E  meut 

98,267 

Miscellaneous     expendi- 
ture    ... 

139,078 

Territorial  expenditure... 

298,630 

■  7,122.340 


Other  expenditure — 
Transferred    to    Public    Works 
Fund 

Balance  on  3lBt  March,  1006 


500,000 
7F8,794 


£8.411.134 


420 


IVBW    SSALAND   OFFtCJAL    TSAlt-BOOX. 


Ordinary  Revenue. 

The  ordinary  revenue  shows  an  increase  for  the  year  1905-6 
of  4 '28  per  cent,  over  the  figures  for  1904-5.  When  considering 
the  figores  given  it  must  be  remeiiibered  that  the  mean  popaUtioo 
increased  at  the  rate  of  2-99  per  ,c«nc.,  so  that  any  rate  above  thii 
means  a  higher  ratio  of  revenue.  Taking  the  items  in  order  of  iheir 
magnitude,  the  advance  is  shown  below  : — 


InggBMB 

B«Ad»  of  KevflDU«, 

\ 

i 

lim-5. 

Percent 
of  Total. 

190MS. 

Per  Oeot. 

of  Total. 

NumarleaL 

M 

£ 

£ 

PerOeol. 

Customs  do tl«t  .«. 

ii,e»ug63 

W4A 

2.697,411 

asus 

03*48S 

Ml 

Bailway» 

fi,S17,70T 

31-58 

3.336.418 

ai-^s 

190.est    1 

5^ 

Stamps  fkiclnrUoe  postal 
&d4  telegraph  caali  r«h 
ceipta) 

1,160.119 

1658 

i,9oi.soai 

1«40 

114^4 

»0 

Laud  tax.. 

ASS.fiM 

61» 

a85.75& 

6-27 

31,101 

ra 

Income-tax 

B53«98e 

ans 

961 ,SL0 

3-58 

7.HSI 

S'M 

Beef  duty            

95.910 

1-37 

06.I3S 

131 

1.93S 

fim 

Registration  and  otht^r  reat 

109.I6& 

1-47 

108.222 

1-J8 

4.757 

i«) 

H&riDO 

m,m 

0*51 

85,739 

050 

618 

1-71 

MlBcelianeoui     ... 

170.:i7»* 

a'i3 

106,810 

iW 

2fi.4ai3 

li« 

Ordinary  reveoue.*. 

I,oa.ftifl 

100-00 

7,ifi  1.570 

i€oao 

3Q0,7il 

4^ 

The  amount  derived  from  Customs  duties  was  2*49  per  cent- 
greater  than  that  shown  for  1904-5;  land-tax,  9*32  per  cent.; 
staMjps,  &c.,  3'55  per  cent,  ;  and  railway  revenue  shows  an  advance 
of  5-41  per  ceni.  While  the  mean  population  of  the  colony  increased 
by  2-99  per  cent,  durirjg  1906-6,  the  ordinary  revenue  advanceti  fti 
the  higher  rate  of  428  per  cent.,  as  shown  above. 

The   Cnstoine   and    excise    duties     in     1905-6    aeconnted   for 
£36  IGs.  7(1  out  of  every  £1()0  of  ordinary  revenue  collected  :  r»il- 
ways.  £31  18s.  7d. ;    and  stamps.  *fec..   £16    8s.     Of   other   il 
the  land-tax  yielded  5 '27  per  cent,  and  income- tax  3-58  per 
of  the  revenue. 

Terriiofial  Revenue. 
Territorial  revenue  belonging  to  the  Consolidated  Fund  incr 
from  £260.021  in   1904-5  to  £260J89  in    1905-6.     Details  1 
last  two  years  are:  — 


OBramABY    AND   TERRITOHIAf^   R&VEKUE. 


421 


1 

Teirltorift]  Kovetme. 

Inorflase  or  Decrcaae 

m 

lOM-a     P«rC3«tit. 

l90S-fi. 

Per  C«tnl, 
of  Total 

Numerical, 

OaDteiiiinaL 

Quh  land  ules 

Deferred  -  pay  ui  en  %    land 

pMtoral  runs,  renla.  mlH' 
oell&iieoui 

1 

44,iro 

6,S57 
210,19$ 

10i» 
WHS 

ft.440 
922,949 

1»43 
»I0 

t 
-11,761 
63 

12.448 

PerCaal 

-  3fl3J 
5-91 

Tfnritorial  r«?eziao 

esO.O^l'j     lOOilO 

eoa.Tso     100-00             im 

0^ 

*  Ksf'Iof^ive  of  revenue  dertve<l  ffoin  lancl  ivot  apart  ftir  Btale  foresls,  jf  li.3R5:  laiidfi  for 
done  ftettteiiK^nl  IlWiJea;  and  of  ihe  Ctievaot  Ksta  e,  £1H,S77.  These  Micmevt*  are  cr&rlit«Ha 
In  theaeparatfi  tnitn  ac»  onorN  tn  wliich  they  l>e1niiQ.  TI>eamotitit  of  all  rnonovjsi  taken,  by 
the  Receivers  of  Land  Uev«iDQ«  during  the  yt»tr  ended  Hl»t  \larob,  1906,  will  be  found 
itttted,  under  etLCh  liead,  in  traction  XIX.  "  Crown  Larido/' 

By  the  foregoing  table  the  cash  land  sales  for  1905-6  are  shown 
lo  have  decrease*!  by  36  per  cent.,  and  to  supply  12  per  cetit. 
of  the  whole  tenritorial  revenue  of  the  Consolidated  Fund  ]  while 
rents  and  miscellaneous,  which  constitute  85  per  cent,  of  the  total, 
have  increased  by  nearly  6  per  cent. 


Ordiftary  and  Territortnl  Jievetme. 

The  total  ordiimrv  and  territorial  revenue  is  found  to  have  in- 
creased from  £7/282,870  in  1904^5  to  £7.584,359  in  1905-6.  or 
ac  the  rate  of  4  14  per  cent.,  or  1  15  per  cent,  more  than  the  rate  al 
which  population  increased  :— 


Year  1905-6 
.      1904-5 


Ordinary. 

£ 

7.022,849 


Territorial. 
£ 

2fi{),789 
2G0,0:il 


768 


Total. 
£ 

7,584.359 
Y^2,870 

a0],489 


Inoreaae  ..         300,721 

After  allovvjnf,^  for  alteration  in  system  of  ch arising  mtfrest  and 
sinking  fund,  the  charges  of  the  public  debt  paid  out  of  the  Con- 
solidated Fund,  in  proportion  to  the  ordinary  and  territorial  re%'enue, 
are  found  to  have  fallen  from  4 16  per  cent,  in  1890-91  to  27 "52 
per  cent,  in  1905-6. 

If  the  sum  of  £87,846,  the  amount  of  territorial  revenue  received 
by  way  of  land  sales  in  1905-6,  is  deducted  from  the  total  revenue 
the  charges  of  the  public  debt  will  be  found  to  have  absorbed  27  66 
per  cent,  of  the  revenue,  reduced  by  the  sum  derived  from  relin* 
quiahment  of  real  estate  of  the  Crown. 


Total  Revenue  of  General  Government. 

The  whole  of  the  revenue  of  the  General  Government  arising 
from  taxation  as  well  as  from  other  sourceB  for  the  last  ten  financial 
years  exhibitfi  greai  piofjress.  Ihe  raie&  of  taj^ation  and  of  revenue 
per  head  of  mean  population  are  given  to  illustrate  this: — 


^9 


raw  siSALAin)  oririciAi.  tsar-book. 


Mided 

B^Yeuim. 

Taxation 

pt*r 

H««id  or  Me&n 

FoputaiiOD. 

Revenue  per 

Prom  otb«r 

ToteL 

18S7 

M 
9,601.911 

4 

fi.a70,m 

«,70B.70B 

S  11    0 

M  fl.  d. 

6  15    I 

.1«B 

8,078.676 

9,400,654 

S,Cr79*8JO 

)i  m  n 

7    0   2 

^18N 

«,m,099 

9,fiSlJ99 

6,260.928 

3  13    3 

f    2    1 

ISOO 

9,601, Ififi 

9.006.408 

6.090.018 

3  10  10 

7  U    6 

1901 

:t.042.H90 

i.00i»00fi 

6,900.016 

3  19    6 

7U    i 

lOOfl 

3,113,079 

8.080,700 

«.i6e,»io 

3  10    8 

7  17   6 

3«Kt 

3.9n,964 

S.100.471 

0,417.436 

4    1     8 

8    0   H 

1004 

3,ei9,fl01 

S.4S0»U6 

7.130.117 

1    8    i 

812   £ 

1905 

3.TM,3TS^ 

3.508,818 

7.:U7.m 

4    8    9 

8  1ft   0 

1906 

3,041, SB6 

3.80B.6U2 

7,650,006 

4    7    7 

I 

8  11    1 

The  total  revenue  is  shown  to  have  increased  from  iS4,798,70H  in 
1890-97  to  J£7 ,650.098  io  1905-6.  a  diflference  of  £2.851,390, 
while  the  proportion  to  population  has  increased  by  no  less  ihao 
£1  198.  3d.  per  head. 

The  greater  yield  from  the  sonrctfS  of  taxation  exhibited  by  the 
above  figorea  may  be  regarded  as  indicative  of  increased  prosperity 
enjoyed  by  the  people  of  the  colony. 


Ordinary  Revenue   Expenditure. 

The  expenditure  for  1905-6  (exclusive  of  expenditure  properly 
belonging  to  territorial  purposes)  amounted  to  £6,82HJ10,  of  which 
the  largest  item,  after  the  charj^es  of  the  public  debt,  £2,087,437, 
was  on  account  of  railways,  £1,594,594*  Public  instruction  cost 
£714,071,  of  which  £485.482  was  for  carrying  on  the  Board  achools, 
£54,696  for  technical  and  higher  education,  £19,018  for  Native 
schools,  £21,517  for  industrial  schools,  and  £75,453  for  school* 
buildings,  The  post^il  ami  telegraph  services  cost  £577,115,  Under 
the  hea^iiug  **  Judicial  and  Legal  "  the  total  sum  expanded  Wits 
£295.675,  of  which  the  largest  item  was  the  police,  £135,253  ;  the  next, 
District,  Magistrates*,  and  Wardens*  Courts,  £55,480 ;  and,  thinlly, 
prisons,  £41,358.  Hospitals  and  charitable  institutions  cost  £131,102, 
and  the  mental  hospitals  £79,563.  Defence  required  £156,555,  ex- 
clusive of  £40,000  contributed  by  the  colony  towards  the  cost  of 
Australasian  navH.1  defence  ;  the  Department  of  Agricultare, 
£124,048;  Public  Health  Department,  £23,215  ;  Electoral.  £51,570; 
Industries  and  Commerce  Department,  £40,067;  Tourist  Deparv 
ment,  £28.267 ;  and  the  Valuation  Department.  £30.272.  Pay- 
ments of  old-age  pensions  required  £258,720  for  the  year. 


TBKKITORIAL    KEVBMUK    RXPENDITUKE. 

Territorial  Bevenue  Expenditure. 


423 


The  chief  'terns  of  expenditure  under  this  head  are  the  Lands 
and  Survey  Department,  £176,388,  and  Mines,  £17,339 ;  while  there 
was  paid  to  local  bodies  £98,964  (£38,913  being  **  thirds"  and 
"fourths"  under  the  Land  Act,  and  £13,974  for  the  Greymouth, 
£3.076  for  the  New  Plymouth,  £42,448  for  the  Westport,  and 
£553  for  the  Nelson  Harbour  Boards) ;  besides  £5,321  expended 
in  management' of  water-races,  and  £617  in  rates  on  Grown  lands. 


Ordinary  and  Territorial  Revenue  Expenditure:  Five  Years, 

The  expenditure  out  of  ordinary  and  territorial  revenue  during 
the  last  five  financial  years  is  tabulated,  specifying  the  chief  heads  of 
expenditure.  It  must  be  noted  that  the  old-age  pensions  become  a 
large  item  for  1899-1900  and  following  years.  The  development 
of  the  Departments  of  Agriculture,  Public  Health,  &c.,  also  con- 
tributed to  raising  the  expenditure  latterly  : — 


Bxpenditare. 

Financial  Years  (ended  Slst  March). 

1901-fi. 

ig02-dr 

1903-4. 

1904-6. 

1905-6. 

Charges     of     the 
pablio  debt      . . 

£ 
1,803,989 

£ 
1,900,979 

£ 
1,967,968 

£ 
1,998,870 

£ 
2,087,437 

Railways 

1.280,997 

1,367,385 

1,461,964 

1,471,844 

1,694,964 

Poblio  inRtruotioD 
(in«*luding  Bchool- 
buildings,     indas- 
Irial    and    Native 
■cbool8,  and  deaf- 
and-dumb  institn- 
tlon)         

639,317 

666,668 

688,860 

6b3.272 

714,071 

PobUI     and    tele- 
graph 

468,817 

485,860 

624,600 

667,636 

677,115 

liilitia  and  Volnn- 
teers  . . 

191,250 

214,226 

166,142 

183,134 

166,566 

Old-age    pensioDB 

210,046 

212,962 

204,600 

197,911 

258,720 

Crown  lands  and 
surveys 

122,278 

129,796 

160,932 

160,160 

176,388 

Police   .. 

120,629 

123,804 

126,149 

130,426 

136,253 

Other  expenditure 

1,163,648 

1,222,440 

1,254,281 

1,297,760 

1,421,847 

Totals 

6.896,915 

6,214,019 

6,434,281 

6,636,902 

7,122.340 

^M           434                                 NEW    ESALAlfI>   OPPICIAI.    TBAABOOk, 

1 

^H                    Loan  AtxountSt  RecttpU  and  Expenditure 

.  190S^B 

^f             The  total  receipts  of  the  various  loan  accounts — excluding  the 

^^        operations  of  the  Government  Advunces  to  Seitiers  Office,  the  Coo- 

L            version  Account,  and  New  Zealand  Gonsola  Account — for  the  ye&r 

^H        ended  Slat  March,  19Qa,  were  : — 

^H          Reoeiptfi  in  aid  :— 

^i^          Public  Works  Fund-- 

£ 

1 

^^^^k               The  Aid  to  Public  Works  and  Land  SeUlement 

^^^^H 

^^^^^B                       B«l*Qce  ot  loftn  iasu»d  un^W  Act  of  1904 

33,997 

^^^^^^^^              ProceiMls  of  debentures  npd  sorip  issued  under 

^^^^^^ft                      Actofl!J05  .. 

617.914 

^^^^^^^^^             Prem  utnn  on  sale  of  deb«Dtiire«  and  iolerdti 

^                            on  overdye  irii^tAl men ta 

567 

^^^^^^^        New  Ze&land  LoKns  Act,  1904— 

^^^^^^^L              Inscribed   uook    (B^    p«r    cent)    created    to 

^^^^^^^P                      cover  expenses  of  nusmg  i£l,000,000  loao 

22»833 

874. Ml 
500,000 

^^^^H              Transfer  from  Can  solid  ated  Fund 

^^^^H              Debentures   i^nued   under    "  Tbe   Hutt   Railway 

^^^^^K                       and  iload  IniprovenieDi  Act,  lUO^  *' 

80,000 

^^^^H              Uoder^'Tbe  liailwuyg  Improvements  Auiborisa* 

^^^^^^                   tioci  Act,  1904 ''— 

^^^^^^^^             Balance  of  luan  (£92,500)  i issued  id  Xondon 

4.063 

^^^^^^^^H             Debentures  isjutd  in  tbe  colony     . , 

9d,500 

^^^^^^^^V             Interest  on  overdue  instalments 

5 

^^^^^^^B             Inscribed    stock    (3^    per  cent.)   created  lo 

^^^^^^^^H                    cover  eoHt  of  la  King  loauii 

2,327 

178,095 

l,(i3i 

^^^^V             ELIesmere  Reclamation,  Sie,^  Aocount  . . 

, . 

^^^^^H              Contri^^ution  towards  coat  of  bridge  over  Mataura 

^^^^H                      River 

l.OOD 

^^T               Cbeviot  Estate  Account— 

^^^^^                Receipts  under  '*  The  ChevioE  Estate  Diflpo«ition 

^^^K                      Act,  1&33  ' 

13,STT 

^^F              Land  for  Settle  merits  Aocount  — 

^^^^^                Debeniurea  sold  fur  purchafse  of  estates 

473,735 

1 

^^^^k              RrotF,  &o,    .. 

185,708 

^^^^^^              Intereat  on  investmenta 

12,408 

^^^^^B             Otber  rtcejpttt 

6,211 

676. 11» 

^^^^^        Biaori  Land  Settlement  Account — 

^^^^^^k               Debentures  and  scrip  is&ired 

1H4,0^ 

^^^^H              Premium,  '2  per  cent,  on  £l00.000 

2,000 

136,015 

^^^^^H                          Carried  forward 

^,383,302     1 

J>OAN    ACCOUNTg,    llKCElPTb    AUD    EXI'KNDITURB. 


425 


BroQghfe  forward 
Loans  to  Local  Bodies  Account 
DfibtxilUMB  ,. 
Hecoveriea    - . 


2,383,362 


151,000 
13*) 


151. ISO 


Other  receipts^ 

Debentures  isRiief!  under  the  Aul  to  Public  Wo»k& 
aud  Land  $<?  tlemeiit  Aoie — 
For  rcoewaJR  and  rtdemptioiii 

Debentures  iRsuftd  under  "The  Lrd'I  lor  Settle* 
menifi  GonHolid&IJon  Ace,  l^KX^"-- 
For  red  em  pi  ion  a 


3,534,493 


2G5,300 


76,000 

£a,876jaa 


The  totai  expentiityre  out  of  the  above  accounts  during  the 
financial  year  was  £2,972,589,  excluding  £341,300  for  renewal  and 
redemption  of  debentures  falling  due. 

Disbursements  out  of  the  Public  Works  Fund  totalled  £1,811319. 
including  £8,863  for  the  Paeroa-Waihi  Railway,  and  £44,864  for 
the  improvement  of  the  Hutt  Railway,  The  Coloaial  Treasurer 
proposes  to  transfer  to  this  account  during  the  current  year 
a  substantial  sutii  out  of  the  Consolidated  Fund,  in  addition 
to  the  amounts  alrea<ly  received  from  that  source  in  past  yeetTB 
(£4,855,000), 

The  Land  for  Settlements  Account  shows  that  payments  were 
made  during  the  year  for  the  purchase  of  estates  to  be  cut  up  for 
close  settlement.  £780,633 :  inctiiental  expenses,  including  the 
cost  of  issuing  debentures,  £47,422  ;  while  the  interest  charge  on 
the  Consohdaied  Fund  was  relieved  to  the  extent  of  £162,760  out 
of  this  account,  by  way  of  recoup. 

The  Loans  to  Local  Bodies  Account,  which  deah  with  moneys 
used  chiefly  for  roa^^ling  the  more  inaccessible  country  and  for  water- 
fitipply,  shows  an  expenditure  amounting  to  £il7;066,  besides  that 
to  open  up  Crown  lands,  £38,801. 

The  only  payment  out  of  the  Cheviot  Estate  Account  during  the 
year  was  for  interest  £8,866,  and  the  sum  of  £5,085  was  charged 
10  the  Scenery  Preservation  Account  for  expenses. 


426 


NEW    EBALAND  OmOIAL   TSAB-BOOK. 


Expenditure  on  Servioes  : — 
Public  Works  Fund- 
Railways 
Roads 

Public  buildings 
Telegraph  extension 
Contingent  defence 
Development  of  goldfields 
Tourist  and  health  resorts 
Departmental 
Purchase  of  Native  lands 
Immigration 
Lighthouses,   harbour  -  works,   and   harbour- de- 
fences   . . 
Utilisation  of  water-  power 
Lands  improvement  . . 
Rates  on  Native  lands 
Charges  and  expenses  of  raising  loans 

Cheviot  Estate  Account- 
Interest 
Surveys,  reading,  &g. 


Scenery  Preservation  Account — 
Expenses 

Land  for  Settlements  Accouni — 
Purchase  of  estates    . . 
Charges  and   expenses   (including  loan  charges, 

£4,957) 
Interest  recouped  to  Consolidated  Fund 

Maori  Land  Settlement  Account — 
Charges  and  expenses 

Loans  to  Local  Bodies  Account — 
Grants  to  local  bodies 
Roads  to  open  up  Crown  landH 

Total 
Other  expenditure- 
Public  Works  Fund- 
Debentures  redeemed  and  renewed  (as  per  contra) 
Land  for  Settlements  Account — 

Debentures  redeemed  (as  per  contra)     . . 


1.077,978 

360,766 

160,214 

77.186 

35,569 

18,533 

15,438 

18,ol7 

10.764 

8,753 

4,946 

2.902 

1.052 

547 

23.654 


1,811.819 


8,866 
100 


780,633 


8.966 


5.065 


47.422 

162,760 

990,815 

37 

117,066 

88,801 

155.867 

2,972,58^ 

265.S0a 
76.000 


£3,313.889 


^■l^OAN   AGOOUNTB,   RBCEIPT8   AND   EXPBNDITUBE.                   427               1 

f  expenditure  out  of   loan  accounts  for  five   years  may    be            J 

Ifised  OB  given  in  the  next  table :--                                                    ^J 

Financial  Yean,                                               ^ll 

VI  Expe»idituroout  of 
.tfPMlAeoouQts 

1 

1 

1901-2.           190a^,     1      190S-4. 

1904-«,     1    1MS-&                   1 

if 

£                £ 

£      <         £      '        £            ■ 

1  lo&ne  and  renewftia 

^ 

u  Works  Fuad)      . , 

5,620        88.190 

87,249:       10,764        23,664 

£sU(e  iDbere«t  aiid 

ie< 

S.ftSl          9,037 

8,BG6         8,860         8,866 

iDtdafenoe 

146, B76       37,004 

3a, 724        46.588       35,569 

b  ion 

HO 

142 

CY,        7         6.482         8»768 

roha»iefl    , . 

•516,385 

•482,627 

*628,62l|  ♦610. 193:   ^i^um 

uses,  harbour  works, 

1                  1 

ifencea 

12,159i       13,681 

10,863         5,990'         4,946 

ijildiiigB  .. 

145,6001     197,455 

216,192 

116,678 

16C,214 

Norke.  departmeDtal 

1 

^iture      . . 

16,404 

12,819 

16,089 

12*814 

13,617 

-  oofistruction    &nd 

{ 

works     conneoted  | 

J 

fcilwaj^extension   ._.  (  l.a33,941 

759,753 

828,704      749.463  1,077,978 

1  NiLtivd  lands 

,                 670 

471 

666'             631              547 

■  *             ♦  ♦ 

.  ,     t435,G69 

1301,747 

1387,595^  f258»95(i    1399.667               | 

ih-exteiuiion 

31,729 

68,57B 

47.227 

79,2981       77,186              | 

ment  of  gold  fields. 

16,3-26 

94,213 

16,278 

6.258 

19,533 

iDd  heaUb  re&ortB. 

U»260       10,949 

15.648 

17,106 

15,438 

Iiftmvemetit 

1,677         3,348 

2,019 

2.248 

1,052               1 

al-mineB  . , 

39,424 

65,246 

110,126 

♦                     1 

4 

►pre&ervfttion 

* 

.. 

2.090         5,0«5               1 

on  of  vvaier-power . 

1 

468 

2. 90S 

Is    to    local     bodies  '                     !                   ', 

G-vvernraeut  Loans                                         I 

kal  Bodies  AcU       ,.\      208.531 

234, 870;     195,662 

166,893 

117,066 

re  and  For«j  bh  RaH<  \ 

f 

' 

rust 

1 

545 

^B 

res  issudd  to  Mid-                    {                 \ 

■ 

\tdimmy  bondholderd 

I          -.        ]     150,000 

" 

-    n 

Is 

2,8d0>76T'2,2d3,I9S'2,715,627|2/2ll.44g 

2.972.589              ] 

DdfBf  saroa  expended  lo  the  purctiue  of  l&Dda  for  fiettloment  and  expenfiea  £n 

Ki   lli^re with —vis,  £406.121   in    1901-2:    MiGAjHi   in   J0u2-a;   £em'itlQ   in    )9u:»-4  ;                 i 
fi   1904-5;  and   ^ftJ0.8l6  in   imv6.    Inter*  st  recouped  to  Consolidated  Fund  hai 

Uded,  being  Ireatfd  aa  tixpt^nditttre  out  of  the  n^^counl.                                                                < 

O'ltiig  eiiHkft  ejcptfud0d  under  Lohub  to  Local  Bmiiea  Acta— vjb„  £31,971)  in  1001-S. 

1003-3:  ^25J53  in  1>0»-1:   £2H.Ki5  In  19  4-6  ;  aitd  £:^h,*.OI  in  19a^-a 

•  account  in  now  di*aJi  with  und*-r  auolher  beading,  tho  exptnaliure  beine  met 

Voiu  the  fjrocee  In  of  ilie  rhI©  of  coal 

^—Ex^luUing  auiotima  applied  to  ioveatmenta  by  way  of  advances  to  aettlera 
tg/9»  aod  evpenaea,  beaidea  anionota  for  debt^nturee  redeemed  and  advanoee 

\  total  amount  of  actual  loan-moneys  under   various  heads            ^ 

Irom  the  beginuing  is  roughly  shown  further  on  io  a  table 

with  the  public  debt  of  the  colony. 

iough  the  Public  Works  Fund  formfi  the  mam  source  of  the 

ittire  out  of   loan    accounts,    all  the    money   included   in  it            j 

^Mim               NKw 

2SALAND    OFFICIAL    T^BAH-BOOM..                                            1 

^H       b&8  not  been  raised  from  loajis.     Amounts  from  the  revenue  of  the    1 

^H       Consolidated  Fund  were  paid  to  the  Public  Works  Fund  durmg  (Jit    | 

^H       last  Bfteen  6nanciai 

years  as  follows  :—                                                     1 

ao.ooo             1 

^H                       1891-92 

^H^              1892-93 

2O0,UO0                  1 

^^^K           imm-^i 

250,000 

^^^H                1894-90 

250.000 

^^^H               1895-96 

1-50.000 

^^^H               1H9G-97 

350,000 

^^^H 

SOO.OOO 

^^^V 

42.>.oi:k> 

^^^H               181^9-100(1 

460,000 

^^^H 

500.000 

^^^B              1901^2 

500,000 

^^^H              1902-3 

200,000 

^^^V 

3.^0.000 

^^^K              1901 '5 

600,000 

^^^V              1905^ 

500,000 

Totftl      ,, 

each  year  since  1884  on   i 

..  £4,855,000 

^m             The  expenditure 

lervices  provided  for 

^H       by  the  Public  Works  Fund  has  been  : —                                                  1 

1 

1 

•5 

§5 

i     1  i 

«   ]  i 

i 

^H 

1 
1 

i 

1 

Bouli. 

IS 
ex 

n 

1 

is 

i 

Talak 

M 

J 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£       '       £ 

£ 

i 

^V         lBBt-^'>... 

5TJ4W 

fifrl.OGIJ 

ai7,D4a 

R.rjSO 

115.799 

117                <  iiti.asi 

i,3a6,79r 

^H           IFHV-^... 

11,075 

725,400 

:J35,1]04 

o.Qija 

:I8,010 

f*                             13fi.4.^'» 

1.475  jet 

^V           If^-^  „ 

Jfl.454 

fil5.9li5 

87«vfil7 

7.3»-« 

18.f&i 

i^J.                     :.    168,238 

l.SUS.W 

P                 188fr-8^.» 

J5.S[i8 

40;i,7'B 

2I0.S19 

1,016 

02,0^4 

90,^^^  ,  7(i.f^  |I35,0Qa 

9«6,lif 

L                 IWB-HO... 

HJOI 

9i^.mi 

100,440    ' 

55 

1^.047 

la.&as 

47,SO:i  iae,3w 

tl»,M 

■            itm-9o„. 

e(!7 

»«.57« 

S4J2G 

2SI 

10,^0 

ai,473 

^,434     4e,dG8 

48I.4M 

^K       ifioo-oi... 

],8SH 

180,09) 

71,8*® 

B21 

iij.soa 

29,810 

2,C0G     aO.QX 

994.7^ 

^H          18191-08 

S17 

154,410 

loi.ijna 

3. 257 

37,773 

iH,70l 

7.!M7     «S2,40> 

391,!^ 

^H          18D2^G:l. 

341* 

9sn.m* 

ir)5,A<e 

H.I^U 

90.il45 

»I.LOl 

11,906  !  00,«IS 

4SSBJgi 

^H       isai-m. 

34^ 

I70.«ll 

147.41N 

5,272 

H.  L27 

44,032 

n.fi88     10.7ia 

400  .t«T 

^H          1804-03.  „ 

llll 

247,5+5 

6i.7'i7' 

ft.rtft'i 

10. fl^ 

&4.]tiQ 

a,  14^^       t,57« 

401,4)0* 

^       imvgQ.. 

Cr    10 

107.101 

6fi,774" 

0.845 

35,5'W 

76,r(£0 

7,410 

10.6f9 

4U.3if 

l«0rM)7.. 

»01 

9i7.i;Hl 

64,  ^.t2* 

10,506 

:i6.70l 

7U,n70 

ILftX) 

96, fm 

42T.0M^ 

1«07  OB... 

7n 

nst.epw) 

TO0.777t 

>«.n7 

S0„*M»l 

7:^,585 

5,206 

81.715 

866  .SCH 

iSS-t-OJ 

105 

;i74,i4i 

2[H.&.H4< 

17,i54 

On, 5,-,! 

L07  .atfT 

15.0^i     77,71:* 

01A,fli1 

iHy&-ig(o 

afa 

4l7.tlUT 

28■»,s:^^^ 

2l,8ii& 

a-VT?^ 

1 1^.407 

V.oaS   UG.HO 

9m,m 

lOOO-l  .. 

m 

717. 73:* 

3U^.7»U 

15.907 

50,101 

191, 064 

6.5*7     HI  .401 

i.imM 

ltiOl-9    .. 

140 

l.33:i5>ll 

«x^.eo<i< 

15,:ii5 

:il;7*l 

14^,600 

12.150  eoo.fv^B 

a,i4H,^ 

18*-:*    „ 

IH 

7a0,7.'i3 

SKI.  (ffl>f 

34,31 H 

68,578 

107.455 

i:i.5«l  |m7,5.S4 

1,^14, 44M 

10  5:i-4  ... 

("T,     7 

flaH,7iU 

^l,842t 

16,97« 

47.4^ 

30.102 

10,863  St5,T28; 

1.706,Sll» 

^           1001^5  ... 

Q,l>« 

149,4.>1 

ati.0"/+ 

n.a=ifl 

79,aa« 

I1B.67S 

5.0011  1  OA,90L 

i,sit,o:i» 

^K          l'J06-ft  ... 

11,753 

l,On,Wi 

^),  oot 

Ee,A;ii 

77,180 

I00.S14 

4,046  ,10H,44a 

KSU^t 

^H                *  HKclueive  of  moDeys  i 

ip*Tit  on  roads  unrler  fiAnds  Improvetnenl.  N'«tiT«  l«ftndi  Pw 

^^H          ohitBe,  Hn*\  Governniicitit.   L 

oaus  to  Lroual  lioilitiS  .\ccouiilb:  £IOJ,076  in  l^t-95.  J  168,791  tt 

^H          1803-^96.  JE  17:i;{5t«  i  Q  1  hQG-D^  . 

^^H                 t  Tlie  exi'>«r((1h  urn  an  i 

nnds  urtder  ih«  f^riit  two  Acta  montiotied  abovo  (*)  ia  lnelad*d 

^^1          Ha4l>*fi  <^i;cnnritoii  rfifi^^s  u 

urid  :  the  Biini  af  ;£  11^770  wm  ulno  flpa-it  nui  of  hrtati*  %o  l»*ail 

1  o»i©«  III*  Crnwn  Uud-«  in   JJi*f>7-*i,  £10.07^  hi  l«>H-'.«9.  £  «!  :|0  tA 

^H          l«i1»-lQ0a,  l;iT..'lf>0  m  190r>l. 

-f.HJ.O^fl  ifi  1ft ir -2.  £ih>^T8  io  lOoa-H.  ^ii-V7'>a  in  iiiftM.  #«.»40m 

^H          190i-fi»  ftiJit  £:i».H*l   ill    mi^ 

-0.      ThBRe  inonwyM  have   Ijsciii  excluded.  &a  bi^Ttt  Also  tiaAll 
Ac.  the  Cheviot  E  lita.                                                                  ^^ 

■     — 

t»uture«  liflued  lo  Midland  Railway  bondlioldars.                    ^^H 

■       .^ 

_^^B^ 

hOMXH    FOB   OOVBENMieifT   ADVAlfCKS  TO   BRTTLBHS. 


Other  Accounts. 


4^ 


The  State  Coal-mines  Account  received  during  the  year 
il52,438,  derived  from  the  sale  of  coal.  The  work ir>g-ex pennies  of 
be  mines  absorbed  £i38«60H»  and  the  sum  of  £4,900  was  paid  for 
merest  on  debentures. 

Tiie  State  Forests  Account  receipts  for  the  year  were  £14.385, 
nade  up  of  rents  fiorn  lands  set  apart,  £2 J9'2.  and  miscelhuieous 
111,593  ;  while  the  exp^-niiiture  for  tree-planting,  Sec,  was  £20,188. 

Revenue  received  for  local  boiiks  amounted  for  ilie  year  to 
S69.O03.  to  vviiich  gold  duty  contributed  £24,778.  goldtields  reveime 
I18,9*0|  endowments  of  Ittud,  &c.,  £17.070,  and  fees  and  iines,  &c., 
SB,  175.  The  amount  paid  over  to  the  various  local  bodies  was 
!67,97L 

In  ti»e  Deposit  Account  the  sum  of  £344,253  is  shown  to  have 
eea  received  duiing  the  year,  and  £266.933  to  have  been  with- 
rawn. 

Ill  the  Conversion  Account  SJ-per-cent.  inscribed  stock  to  the 
alue  of  £1.663.913  was  inscribed  during  the  year  1905-6  ;  of  this 
am  £724.600  was  applied  to  the  redemption  of  debenuires,  and 
907.323  to  conversions.  Expenses— the  chief  items  of  which  were, 
^amp  tiuty  £10,239,  discouiu  £7.533,  broke raj(e  and  commission 
7.517.  rent,  office  expenses,  Ac,  £800— absorbed  £26,039. 

Deposits  inscribeil  in  the  New  Zealand  Consuls  Account 
mounted  to  £1,117  for  the  year.  The  sum  invested  up  to  Blst 
larch,  1906,  was  £476,851. 

■  Loans  for  Governnient  Advances  to  Settlers. 

A  notable  feature  in  the  legislation  of  the  year  1894  was  the 
assing  of  the  Government  Advances  to  Settlers  Act.  a  desctiption 
(  which,  with  its  amending  Acts  and  the  loan  operaiioas  under  the 
ame,  will  be  foond  in  Part  III, 

The  loans  authorised  to  ifie  3ist  March,  1906.  classified  accord - 
Qg  to  provincial  districts,  are  shown  in  tabular  form  : — 


ProTiiiei&l  Diitriots. 


N  amber 

of 

Applicfttlonii. 


Aainiint  of 
Advftnnf>i 


^%ranakt 
rA%%ke's  Bfty 

k^et)iit|eton 
Iftrlborougb 

iTe^tUfid 

Atiierbury 

I  uid  SouthUnd 


^oi 


Totals 


d.899 

2,601 
992 

4,358 
547 
227 
268 

1,803 

3,119 


17, 4a^ 


£ 

1,153,083 

1,065.304 

379.015 

1,463,*. 193 

205,585 

G5.84Q 

60.390 

332.900 

I,l4d.l30 


6,829.200 


NBW    ISKAhAJm  0FriOt4L    TEAIt-fiOOS. 


Of  the  17,403  advances  autrboriBed,  2,091  applicants  dee  lined  the 
grants  (£906.660)  offered  them,  so  that  the  net  advances  to  the 
31st  Marcii,  1906,  iiombered  15,309,  and  amounted  to  £4,922,630. 
The  securities  for  the  net  authorised  advances  were  valued  §( 
£10,817,184. 

The  total  sum  raised  by  the  Government  for  investment  on 
piongage  is  £3,410,000.  Nine  thousand  nine  hundred  and  eighty- 
six  iTiongagors  are  indebted  to  the  Department  to  the  extent  of 
£3,l2G,987  lOi^.  in  respect  of  principal  monevs. 

The  gross  profits  for  the  year  ended  the  31st  March.  1906,  weie 
£36,534  ITs,  Wd.,  and  the  cost  of  management  £4,438  128.  9d,,  being 
0'13  percent.,  or  2s.  7d.  per  £100  on  the  capital  employed.  The 
net  prof]t8  amounted  to  £34,047  9s    2d. 

Arrangements  have  recently  been  ina<ie  by  the  office  whereby  the 
whole  cost  of  providing  cover  indemnifying  the  Department  as 
mortgagee  against  claims  which  may  arise  under  "The  Workers* 
Compensation  for  Accidents  Act,  1900,'*  will  be  borne  by  the  De- 
partment. Hitherto  the  premiums  payable  in  respect  of  mortgagee's 
accident  indeumity  insurance  have  been  a  charge  against  mort- 
gagors. The  concession  made  cannot  be  considered  otherwise  thas 
highly  satisfactory  to  the  settlers,  and  it  relieves  the  oflice  of  a  large 
amount  of  clerical  work. 

Ttiere  have  been  no  losses  on  advances  since  the  inception  of  the 
office,  and  the  office  has  no  securities  on  its  hands.  The  paymeDts 
of  interest  and  instalments  of  principal  have  been  well  maintained, 
and  continue  very  satisfactory. 

The  liabilities  and  assets  at  3l8t  March,  1906,  of  the  Govern- 
ment Advances  to  Settlers  Office  were  : — 


Dk,  LiubiUtie*: 

^t-per-ceat.  IjOno.redetsiuablt? 

l8t  AprnjOi5,"A' 
S-per-crnt.  Lord,  redeemablfi 

let  April.  1945.  "B" 
Biixi4ry  I01LI1& 

AdYAnetmoti  BLccountor  lo&ns 
AwurtmoB  Fund 
Biiftpeuee  A&C'^uat  . 
At^crueil  iDtbiufii  iimyablei 
ProAl  and  Lurb  Acvouot 


£ 

*. 

d. 

l.fiOO.OOO 

a 

0 

M}0«€00 

0 

0 

t»0.0O0 

0 

0 

I^.DOO 

0 

D 

SO.OOU 

u 

0 

ia»i7H 

12 

11 

ajS7 

i 

9 

1.117 

» 

6 

£3.181368 

6 

S 

loveatmout  Accouut— 
AdvihQcefi  OD        £  ft.  d. 

mortgage      4.789,557  13    6 
I<Q8fl  reimy- 

mentB    ...    1.^61,488    9    4 


M.  d. 


Binking  Fund  iuvestmeot 
Willi  PtiHiljc  Trustee 

Mortf^ftge  luBt«lujt3titft  tBcelv- 
a.l>li],iiverdue 

BllJft  receivftltlo 

Ititerasi  receivable,  overdue 
&aoriaeMl 

LtiAti-fiotatlon  cb&rges 

Cikeb  in  h&ud  ftud  m  liauk  ... 


83,887  10  I 

1.910    filA 

T,64t    f  I 

66,741    f  B 
ItU^OIt  16  « 

£3,481  JSa    6  i 


'*  The  Government  Advances  to  Settlers  Act  AoQendment  Acl, 
1899/'  as  an  encouragement  to  the  early  payment  of  the  prescribed 
instalments  of  interest  on  fixed  loans,  and  of  interest  and  princip^ 
on  loans  under  the  instalment  principle,  provides  for  a  rebate  to 
the  mortgagor^  which  reduces  his  interest  to  4^  per  cent,  in  lieu  ol 
5  jper  cent,  per  annum. 


LOAK8   FOB   GOVERNMENT    ADVANCES   TO    SETTLEK8.  431 

There  are  new  ftlternative  modes  of  disposing  of  moneys  paid  in 
idvance  laid  down  in  this  measure,  bat  it  ia  optional  with  morl,- 
giigors  to  adopt  the  new  system  instead  of  that  previously  in  opera- 
lion  in  respect  of  moneys  paid  before  the  commencement  of  the  new 
Act,  and  which  are  held  under  the  original  arrangements. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  readjusiment  of  Joans  by  memo' 
random  of  adjustment,  which  gives  elasticity  to  the  system  by 
Seating  the  balance  of  principal  due  as  a  fresh  loan  granted  for  a 
aew  term. 

The  margin  of  security  on  loans  is  provided  for  as  follows:  In 
the  case  of  fixed  loans  the  amount  of  the  loan  is  not  to  exceed  three- 
fifths  of  the  value  of  the  security,  while  in  case  of  loans  under  the 
instalment  system  on  freehold  secuiity  of  first-class  agricultural 
land  the  amount  of  the  loan  is  not  to  exceed  two- thirds  the  value 
of  the  security ;  on  other  rural  freeholds  the  limit  is  three-fifths. 

Advances  may  now  be  made  on  the  secnrity  of  urban  or  suburban 
land,  but  on  the  instalment  system  only,  and  with  limitation  of 
amount  to  a  maximum  of  £2,000  and  a  minimum  of  £25. 

Drban  land  is  defined  as  that  situate  in  a  borough  having  a  popu- 
lation of  at  least  two  thousand  persons,  and  which  is  not  used  for 
farming,  dairying,  or  market  gardening ;  and  suburban  land  means 
that  which  is  situate  in  a  borough  having  under  two  thousand 
people,  or  any  town  or  vicinity.  an«l  which  is  not  used  for  agricul- 
tural or  dairying  purposes  as  above  referred  to. 

As  to  security  for  loans :  In  the  case  of  urban  lands  on  which 
there  are  bniklings,  the  amount  of  the  loan  is  not  to  exceed  three- 
fifths  of  the  value  of  the  land  apart  from  the  buildings,  plus  one-half 
of  the  value  of  the  buildings  apart  from  the  land.  When  the  land  is 
suburban,  having  buildings  thereon,  the  loan  is  not  to  exceed  one- 
half  of  the  value  of  the  land  apart  from  the  buildings,  plus  one- half 
of  the  value  of  the  buildings  separately. 

When  the  land  is  urban  or  suburban,  but  has  no  buildings^ 
the  loan  is  not  to  exceed  one-half  of  the  %^alue  of  the  land,  and  there 
is  not  to  be  any  loan  except  for  the  erection  of  buildings,  and  to  be 
by  way  of  instalments  as  erection  proceeds. 

There  ia  a  farther  subdivision  of  the  Act,  under  which  special 
provisions  are  made  for  protecting  the  interests  of  the  Advances 
to  Settlers  Department  with  respect  to  other  than  freehold 
secnrities. 

The  legislation  for  authorisation  of  loan  moneys  for  Advances  to 
Settlers  has  been  :  Under  the  principal  Act  of  1894,  ^£3 ,000,000  ; 
under  the  Amendment  Act  of  1901,  £1.000,000, 

Aid  to  Public   Works  and  Land  SetUeviefU. 

"The  Aid  to  Public  Works  and  Land  Settlement  Act,  1896," 
empowered  the  Colonial  Treasurer  to  raise  £l,000,OOO^n  aid  of  the 


432 


HBW    JEB  ALAND   OFFICIAL    TEAR -BOOK, 


Public  Works  FuDd  to  the  extent  of  £500,000,  and  the  Landi 
IiTi  prove  men  t  Account  and  the  Native  Lands  Purchase  Accouni 
iE250.000  each. 

The  Act  passed  in  1897  authorised  the  raising  of  an  additional  sum 
of  £250^000,  to  be  applied  for  tlje  purpose  of  procuring  £200,000  for 
further  rolling-stock  for  railways,  and  for  the  repair  of  damagea 
to  lines  by  floods  or  otherwise ;   £25,000  for  erection  and  repair  ol 

Euhlic-schooi  buildings,  and  another  sum  of  £25,000  for  purposes  d 
adding  and  equipment  of  techideal  schools, 

Tbe  Act  of  1898  provided  for  raising  £500,000,  of  which  £175.000 
was  allocated  to  rail  ways -const  ruction,  £200,000  was  for  new  rolhng- 
stock  for  open  railwayB*  and  £125,000  for  the  construction  of  roads, 
bridges,  and  other  works  authorised. 

Under  another  Act  of  1B99,  the  sum  of  £1,000,000  was  authorised 
-£300.000  for  rail  way -construction,  £225,000  for  rolling-stock, 
£350,000  for  land- settlement  and  goldtields-developineot,  £50,000 
for  schooi  buildings,  £50,000  for  purchase  of  Native  lands,  and 
£25,001)  for  harbour  defence. 

A  further  Act  of  1900  provided  for  the  raising  of  £1,000,000,  of 
which  £500.000  wa«^  allocated  to  railway-construction,  £300,000  for 
roll  in  I*- stock,  £150.000  for  laod-settlenient,  and  £50,000  for  gold* 
field  6-developm  eni. 

Again,  an  Act  of  1901  authorised  raising  the  sum  of  £1,250,000. 
Of  this,  £600,000  was  applied  to  railway-coostruction,  £400,000  for 
rolling-stock.  £200,000  for  land-settlement,  and  £50.000  to  develop* 
ment  of  goldfields. 

The  Act  of  190-2  authorised  raising  £1,750,000,  to  be  devoted  to 
railway-construction  (£750,000),  rolling- stock  (£400.000),  roads  and 
bridgeR  (£460 ,QtX)).  development  of  goldtields  (£50,000),  and  telegraph- 
extension  (£60.000). 

The  Act  of  1903  authorised  raiding  £1.000,000  for  the  following 
purposes:  Ruilway-eonBtnjction  (£450.000),  roliing-stock  (£150,000), 
roads  and  bnd^^es  (£140,000),  development  of  goldfields  (£2O.O00)t 
telegraph  -  e  x  te  nsi on  ( £40»(X10). 

The  Act  of  1904  anthnrised  raising  £750,000  for  purpost-s  oi 
rail  way*  construction  (£275,000),  roHmg-stc^ck  (£75,000),  roads  and 
bridges  (£360,000),  development  of  goidfields  (£20,00U),  tele<irapb 
extension  (£30,000). 

'•  The  Aid  to  Public  Works  and  Land  Settlement  Act.  1905/' 
authorised  raising,  im<ler  the  provisions  of  '*  The  Ntw  Zealand  Loani 
Act,  1901,'*  iQ  the  colony  or  elsewhere,  of  sums  not  exceeding 
£1,000,000  altogetlier.  by  debentures  or  scrip,  or  by  the  creation  or 
issue  of  inscnbed  stock  under  *'  The  New  Zealand  G^nsohdated 
8tock  Act,  1877." 

Provision  was  made  for  obtaining  funds  pending  the  raising  ol 
the  money  authorised,  by  the  sale,  &c..  of  short-dated  debentures, 
bearing  interest  not  exceeding  4^  per  cent,  per  annum,  and  having 
a  currency  of  not  more  than  seven  years. 


LOANS    UNDBB   PUBLIC    WORKS   AND   LAND   SBTTLBMBNT   ACTS.       433 

All  the  money  raised  under  this  Act  is  applied  to  the  following 
purposes : — 

1.  Railways—  S. 

Railway -con  A^  ruction     ..                                          ..  42'),000 

Additional  rolling-Rtock,  &o.,  for  open  lines            ..  75.000 
S.  Land-seulement  and  goldfields  development — 

Confltmction  of  roatia,  tracks,  and  bridg«>8  to  open 
up  backblockK,  and  other  work   in  connection 

therewith      ..             ..                            ..             ..  400,000 

For  developinR  goM  fields                                           ..  25,000 

3.  For  telegraph-ezlen^ion  . .                           . .             . .  75  000 

£1.000.000 


Loans  under  Land  for  Settlements  Acts, 

The  moneys  raised  under  these  Acts  and  the  operations  by 
way  of  purchasing  estates  to  be  cut  up  for  close  settlement  form 
the  subject  of  a  special  section  of  this  part  of  the  Year-book 
(No.  XX). 

"  The  Local  Bodies'  Loans  Act,  1901,'* 

The  above  Act  consolidates  all  former  measures  dealing  with  the 
borrowing- powers  of  local  bodies.  It  does  not  affect  the  securities 
issued  for  any  loan  raised  under  any  Act  repealed. 

"  The  Local  Bodies'  Loans  Amendment  Act,  1903." 

As  to  Government  loans  to  local  bonies,  the  yearly  rate  of 
interest  and  the  period  during  which  interest  is  payable  by  the  local 
authority  shall,  at  the  option  of  such  authority,  be — 

(a.)  Five  per  centum  per  annum  for  a  period  of  twenty-six 

years;  or 
(6.)  Four  and  a  half  per  centum  per  annum  for  a  period  of 

thirty-two  years ;  or 
(c.)  Four  per  centum   per   annum  for   a  period  of  forty-one 
years. 
Such   option   shall   be   exercised  by  the   local  authority  in  its 
application  for  the  loan. 

At  the  expiration  of  the  period  during  which  interest  is  payable 
the  liability  of  the  local  authority  shall  cease  without  further  pay- 
ment. 


SECTION  XVL—FliiM^CE— continued. 
Subsection  B. — Taxation. 
Direct  Taxation, 

The  direct  taxation  prior  to  1892  consisted  of  a  property-tax  of  Id. 
in  the  pound  on  all  assessed  real  and  personal  property  (with  an 
exemption  of  £500),  and  the  stamp  duties ;  but  in  1891  a  Land  and 
Income  Assessment  Act  was  passed  repealing  the  property -tax.  A 
full  description  of  the  system  of  the  land  and  income  tax  will  be 
foQiid  in  a  special  article  in  Part  III.  of  this  work.  The  leading 
features  only  are  briefly  stated  here. 

The  Assessment  Act  of  1891  provided  for  an  ordinary  land-tax 
on  the  actual  value  of  land,  allowing  an  owner  to  deduct  any 
amount  owing  by  him  secured  on  a  registered  mortgage.  Under 
the  original  Act  the  deduction  for  improvements  might  not  exceed 
£3,000;  but  by  the  Amendment  Act  of  1893  the  value  of  b1\ 
improvements  whatsoever  was  exempted  from  liability  to  land-tax. 
Besides  thi8»  an  exemption  of  £500  was  allowed  when  the  balance, 
after  making  deductions  as  above  stated,  was  not  above  £1,500; 
and  beyond  that  a  smaller  exemption  was  grantedi  but  ceasing  when 
the  balance  amounted  to  £2,500.  There  is  a  consolidation  Act 
passed  in  1900  now  in  force,  with  amendments  mttde  in  1903. 
Mortgages  are  subject  to  the  land-tax,  but  in  1902-3  the  rate 
was  lowered  from  the  full  amount  to  ftl.  in  the  pound.  The 
revenue  from  the  ordinary  land-tax  is.  in  round  uumbers,  about 
£281,000  per  annum.  The  rate  of  ordinary  land-tax  for  1905-6 
was  Id.  in  the  pound.  Native  land  occupied  by  Europeans  is  taxed 
Jd.  in  the  pound  on  the  unimproved  value. 

In  addition  to  the  ordinary  land-tax,  there  is  a  graduated  land- 
tax,  which  commences  when  the  unimproved  value  is  £5»000.  For 
the  gra^iuated  land-tax  the  present  value  of  all  improvements  is 
deducted;  but  mortgages  are  not  deducted.  The  Act  of  1893»  while 
reducing  the  ordinary  taxation  on  land  by  exempting  all  improve* 
ments,  increased  the  graduated  tax.  Under  the  subsequeni  Act 
passed  in  1903  the  rates  of  graduated  tax  have  been  again  io- 
creased,  and  the  revised  rates  are  now  one* sixteenth  of  a  penuj 
in  the  pound  sterling  when  the  value  is  £6»000  and  is  less  thao 
£7,000,  from  which  the  rate  increases  with  the  value  of  the  pro- 
perty by  further  steps  of  a  sixteenth  of  a  penny  until  the  maximnra 
of  3d.  in  the  pound  is  reached,  payable  when  the  value  is  £210,000, 
or  exceeds  that  sum. 


TAXATION. 


485 


This  graduated  tax  yields,  in  round  numbers,  £105,000  per 
i^nnum,  which  is  not  included  in  the  sum  of  £281,000  given  above. 
Pifty  per  cent,  additional  tax  is  levied  in  case  of  persons  who  have 
^een  absent  from  the  colony  for  not  less  than  one  year  prior  to  the 
massing  of  the  yearly  taxing  Act. 

Graduated  tax  is  not  chargeable  on  Native  land. 

Besides  the  land-tax  (ordinary  and  graduated)  there  is  also  levied 
3y  way  of  further  direct  taxation  an  income-tax  on  all  incomes  above 
6300.  From  the  yearly  income  of  every  taxpayer  there  is  deducted 
3y  way  of  special  exemption  the  sum  of  £300,  and  from  taxable 
ncomes  a  further  deduction  up  to  £50  per  annum  for  life-insurance 
premiums  is  allowed.  The  rate  of  income-tax  for  1905-6  was 
>d.  in  the  pound  on  the  first  taxable  £1,000,  and  Is.  in  the  pound 
m  any  excess  of  £1,000. 

Companies  pay  Is.  in  the  pound,  and  are  not  allowed  exemption, 
rhe  Act  of  1893  further  disallowed  the  £300  exemption  in  the  case 
)f  persons  not  domiciled  in  New  Zealand. 

The  revenue  derived  from  income-tax  may  be  set  down  at 
2261,000  per  annum. 

The  amounts  paid  by  way  of  income-tax,  under  a  uniform  rate 
)f  taxation,  show  great  increase  year  by  year,  and  afford  satisfactory 
3vidences  of  prosperity.  These  are  quoted  witii  a  caution  in  regard 
io  the  figures  for  1892  to  1895.  The  full  number  of  persons  properly 
iable  to  the  tax  may  not  have  been  ascertained  at  such  time. 


Inoome-t&x 

lucome-taz 

paid. 

pMd. 

L892-98 

67,867 

1899-1900 

128,721 

L893-94 

75,288 

1900-1 

173,809 

L894-95 

89,891 

1901-2 

179.397 

1896-96 

92,778 

1902-8 

200,684 

1896-97 

106,504 

1908-4 

221,369 

1897-98 

115,210 

1904-5 

263,952 

1898-99 

115,480 

1906-6 

261,816 

The  increase  from  1895-96  to  1905-6  is  £169,038.  being  a  rate 
3f  182  per  cent.,  while  the  population  increased  during  the  same 
period  by  24  per  cent. 


Indirect  Taxation. 

The  indirect  taxation  is  made  up  of  Customs  duties,  and  excise 
luty  on  beer  made  in  the  colony. 

During  the  year  ended  31st  March,  1906,  Customs  duties  col- 
lected amounted  to  £2,697,411,  and  excise  duty  on  beer  to  £98,135, 
I  total  of  £2,795,546.  The  duties  are  levied  by  specific  charges  of 
irarying  amount,  and  ad  valorem  charges  ranging  from  5  per  cent,  to 
10  per  cent.  During  the  year  1905  specific  duties  were  levied  on 
7oods  imported  to  the  value  of  £2,375,737,  and  ad  valorem  duties  on 
£5,274,834  ;  while  goods  valued  at  £4,642.064,  or  3719  per  cent,  of 
nhe  total  import,  were  admitted  free  of  duty. 


436 


NBW    EBALANO   OFFICIAL    TBAK-BOOX. 


Of  the  total  amount  of  taxation  stated  for  the  year  1905-6,  the 
indirect  taxation — i.e.,  Customs  and  excise  duties — amounted  to 
£2,795,546,  while  land  and  income  tax,  with  stamps  for  taxation, 
yielded  £1,046,050  which  constitutes  direct  taxation.  So  that  the 
colony  still  raises  nearly  73  per  cent,  of  its  taxation  revenue  by 
means  of  the  indirect  method. 

Total  Taxation  by  General  Oovemment, 

The  following  statement  shows  the  total  amount  raised  by  the 
General  Government  taxation  during  the  financial  vear  ended  3l8t 
March,  1906 :— 


He*dt  of  Taxation. 

Amount  oollMted. 

Arnoa**!  of  Taxatioa 

perllend 
(iBolntfiBR  M^TiiDof 

GhaIotds  and  excise    . . 
Land-tax      .. 
Iticome-iax  .. 
Slamps  (taxation  only) 

2,7^5,546 
385,756 
301,816 
898,478 

4    a.  d. 

3    0    9 
0    8    4 
0    5    8 
0    8    8 

3,841,5'J6 

4    3    6' 

*  If  the  calculation  be  mad-*  excluding  the  Maoris,  tbe  amoont  per  bead  of  popalatlM 
is  foaud  to  be  iocreaHed  to  Mi  78.  7d. 

It  may  be  well  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  a  full  yield  of  tax- 
ation per  head  of  population  may  indicate  (outside  the  question  of 
increasing  the  rate  of  any  particular  tax  levied)  a  satisfactory  con- 
dition of  business,  as  showing  activity. 


Taxation  by  Local  Governing  Bodies. 

The  various  local  bodies  levied  taxation  during  the  year  ended 
3l8t  March,  1905,  to  the  amount  of  £1.121,378,  or  £1  6s.  4d.  per 
head  of  European  population.  Of  the  total  sum,  £704,315  was 
raised  by  general  rates,  £315.116  by  special  and  separate  rates, 
£81,985  by  licenses,  and  £19,962  by  other  taxes. 


SECTION  X\I.~¥m ANOB'^cmtintud. 


SUBSECTIOK    C^PUBLIC    DeBT. 

Thb  gross  public  debt  of  the  colooy  on  the  31  st  March,  1906,  was 
£62,191,040,  an  increase  of  £2,279.040  on  the  amount  owing  at  the 
end  of  the  preceding  financial  year.  The  net  debt  increased  by 
£2,266,839  and  on  31st  March,  1906,  stood  at  £59,670,471, 

Of  this  increase,  J£607,750  was  devoted  to  the  purchase  of 
lands  for  settlement;  £151,000  for  loans  to  local  bodies;  £1,117 
for  New  Zealand  Consols  deposits ;  and  £210,000  for  Advances  to 
8etiler3 :  jnaking  a  total  of  £969,867  invested  in  a  directly  repro- 
ductive manner,  outside  of  money  used  for  railway  and  telegraph 
coDStruction,  which  might  almost  be  considered  a3  of  a  similar 
nature. 

The  following  table  states  the  debentures  and  stock  in  circula- 
tion on  31st  March,  1906,  under  the  several  Loan  Acts  or  Ordi- 
nances of  the  Colonial  and  old  Provincial  Governments,  the  dates 
when  redeemable,  the  estimated  sinking  funds  accrued  in  respect 
of  the  same,  and  the  annual  charge  thereon  for  interest  and  sinking 
fund: — 


438 


KEW    I&K ALAND    QVnciAL    TlUtt  BOOK, 


1-        •  'O 


'S«- 


is.       ?§! 


£±aOs5 


§ 


g 


^1 


^:--^'S 


s 


I 


43 


.-4   :6» 


Mnpntqap 


11 


£  5 


Ml     2 


ooo«aeOO 
OOOPOOZS5 


—  iHi  1- m  _. -N  »-•  r-i   -^       _      -^  —  -4 


:  Q  a  5  : 


f  J 


II 


5-^ 


2  |< 


^^•W4i«'««    O 


^S   .8  8        :   :  i  :  !  i  :  :     :        ;      :  i 


SSS        2S    ?3!ISe«S3:2  8      fc    i9S        6SS2S 
@s^S         o>ci     o»oo>c^caci>(r.eB3»       et     Soto         eiici9'e»5 


§i§    §  II  §  §  §  I  § 


U 


:§§§§§§! 


.i± 


8f 


§5^15  ' 


r  i~si 


•O-g  Q  41 


i  lid 


PUBLIC    DHHT. 


!■ 


TJ'C 


■"— t  p— "^  lO 


n 


^^    -?? -i^--^ 


-s  — -•-  — -S -^- 


Q  s  e:  d  Q  a 

i  d  rf  ■)  «  d 

B  ©  g 

■  *  I*  E  3  P  * 


1     g§  8ipjgip§Ss§p.tiip.ip,ii|i§  ipigipsiss 


n  :  i    f  i  i I f  i  if  f  • 


^«   g^'ag'<yag'>%^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^a'  ^««««««s?^^«« 


ililiiii^ 


M%l 


^Si§i§l  iiliilililli 


5      IS    lll^^^^^-^^'*^S5SSi^l^SIS^*'^^ii  gg'^^siis^gss 


l~Piiiliiiil§lilil|liiiiiliii  iiiii^^^^ 

f       •*&o-&5*  3  o  *  ^  I.  as  3^  &« -r§«  Is  5  t3  p     s;.E^  5.  ^w^55  o  ®  a 


§ 


s  § 

S    2 


Jilgl§i§lliigrfll§f§§g§§§ 


|?1 

^  tf  ft 

<f1 


e  o 


c  *  ««. 

5^5 


»4 


ill 

a  s  s 


a 

N 

e3 

•§ 

S8 


W'   440 

i 

NBW    UKALAND    OFFlClAt    TBAR-BOOK, 

t!il  3'| 

■?3t«  -Isl 

1 

< 

1 

s 

1 

a 
« 

S 

mu  1  ii 

--' —  u  -- 
SSasS  3   S3 

Mi   \ 

nil 
ml 

^^^^H 

r» 

"*  ^  —  «^  ^ 

—    ^ 

■    1 

1 

-If- 

en 

1  |S|    §§|?|i§    3 

^H            ¥ 

:l 

X 

« 

.^ 

s 

d    .    . 1 

1        1 

».'' 

•     :  :  i      i  :  T  i  s  f  :      : 

:  ;  s  :  t     :       t  ; 

:  :  :    : 

^H 

■«ss 

<»   -***     ^♦*^3?*5W    *F 

SC^-*^??  »4      SP<« 

^•sr  ^      1 

'■•oirpoici 

"I  »».N 

l»P 
t 

V 

i 

1  iH  iS»»a5»i  "" 

11?  i 

8 

,  1' 
1 

poriJi^ci 
•punji 

i' 

!       •    ■    •         ;=:!!=!         i 

:    I   t   I   ■      \         i 

"-1 

5 

o 
Q 

a 

mil  liilillisi 

1  ^  JE.  S  ^  S  p.  'ZV         » 

:  «  ■  =  3  5.  ■  ©      * 

?3 

§  §  i    §     s 
i  i  1    §"    -■ 

§    §3    § 
S    2  8    3 

^'•'s^H 

*•  J 

gSSS  =88  88 

0  0  _    ' 

11! 
Ill; 

£^^| 

IIP 

1 

III 

6  2? 

11 

*    it  *a 

i  11  •: 

PUaUO   OBBT 


441 


S 


§       I 


i 

il 

m 

-»s 

§ 

^2 

•5^  a 

1 

« 

•SH-i 

11 

14  5 


i 


§1    |ss? 


"      2  5 

.  t«^^  E 
.:2  *  5  £ 


^d  a 


1  d"! 


^S3 

0:30     o 


442 


NM^    EBALAND  OFFICTlAL    TBAR*BO0K. 


A  coodenRatioD  of  this  table  shows  at  a  glance  the  amoant  oi 
money  that  will  be  required  in  the  near  future  for  meeting  the 
liabilities  arising'  at  the  expiration  of  the  terms  of  the  loane. 
Taking  the  position  as  at  present,  and  dealing  with  the  term  of 
four  years  endinj?  31st  March.  1907  to  1910,  the  total  sum  falling 
due  is  found  to  be  £10,517,205. 

For  the  year  1912-13  onwards  to  1929-30  the  amounts  becoming 
due  annually  are  comparatively  small. 

In  1929-30  (23  years  hence)  and  from  then  the  bulk  of  the  tlebt 
will  have  to  be  dealt  with — that  is,  over  forty-six  millions  of  money 
out  of  a  total  of  Bixty*two  millions. 


Duo  Dikte : 

Due  Dftte ; 

Ye&r  tuQiltag 

Amount. 

YeB.r  euding                                Ajuount 

>*iJ8i  MafcIj. 

£ 

3Ut  M»reh.                                       £ 

1907 

a,lGB,7G6 

1917                                     512.200 

1908 

2,532,900 

1921                                     600.000 

1909 

3,1S3,288 

1924                                    290.800 

1910 

2,682,301 

1930                               29,150,302 

1911 

175,313 

1940                                 8,105,a'Jl 

1912       . , 

1,346,676 

1916       ..                       9,573,846 

1913 

226.738 

ArinuuJ  dnwtng..             72,3«X) 

1914 

4%. 300 

X9t5 

6U»800 

i^a,  191,040 

1916 

500 

The  amouuts 

that  have   mati 

ired  or  are  maturing  duriog 

current  financial 

year,  with  their  c 

ue  dates,  are  as  follow  : — 

£ 
185,000 

due  l3t  April,           1906. 

60,000 

.      30 th  Jurip, 

,                    80 

000 

.      lOtbJuly, 

110.000 

ISth  AumJBt, 

m^ 

766 

„     3l8t  Ootobor. 

3 

000 

Ifit  November,     . 

861 

,0(X) 

lat  Deoetnber,     . 

1             ^,168,766 

I 


Net  hidehledtiess  :   Comparison  with  Past  Years, 
The  net  public  debt,  after  deducting  the  accrued  sinking  fund 
(£2,320,569),  was  on  31st  March.  1906.  £59,670.471,  an  increase  rf 
£2.266^839  during  the  year.     Nearly  eight  years'  revenue,  ordinary 
and  territorial,  at  the  present  rate  would  thus  be  required  to  pay 
off  the  net  debt  of  the  colony.     The  not  indebtedness  per  head  (J 
population  (exclu^iing  the   Maoris)  for  1905-6   is   greater  than  id 
1901-5   by   138.  7d.     In  March,  1890.  it  stood  at  £60  5s.  3d,;  in 
1891,  £59  lis.  lOd.  ;  in  1892,  £59  2s.  ;    in  1898,  £58  28.   7d, ;  in 
1894,  £57  8s.  lOd. ;  in  1895,  £57  9s.  9d,  ;   in  1896,  £60  2s.  4d. ;  in 
1897,  £60  13s.  9d.;  in  1898,  £60  4a.  lid.;  in  1899.  £61  148.  4d.;  in 
1900,  £61  178.  3d.;   lu  1901.  £62  16s.  lOd,;  in  1902,  £65  128.  4d*; 
in  1903,  £65  15s.  3d.;    in  1904,  £65  12s.  8d.;   in  1905,  £66  7s.  4d.; 
and  in  1906,  £67  Os,  lid.     But,  in  considering  the  Increase  of  the 
amount  of  debt  per  head  as  a  burden  ofi  the  people,  attention  should 


^ 


PUBLIC    DEBT. 


443 


rgiven  to  the  remarks  following  the  table  showing  amounts  paid 
by  way  of  charges  of  the  public  debt  out  of  the  revenue  year  by 
year.  Besides  these  remarks,  under  the  head  of  "  Interest  and 
Sinking  Fuuds  *'  there  are  others  bearing  on  the  subject,  given  pre- 


liously 

,  under  * 

*  Bevenue," 

* 

1 

111 

Amount  of 
D«ben  tares 

Circul&tJoD. 

d?br5.t;    Amount  of 

per  Bvfui  of       ^i"  V^*^ 

Euroj-enii         Jl^^l^ 

Fopujltion.      *««rtted. 

Not  In- 
dobtedneM. 

HetlQ- 

dobtodnetB 

p«i-  Bmd  of 

EuropeAD 

FoptiUtiot] . 

^.. 

618.657 

£ 

38,667,950 

62  10 

d.              £ 
1      1,386,185 

£             1    J     B.    d. 

37,281,765  j  60    5    3 

1891  .. 

626,658 

38,830,350 

61  19 

4  '  1,487,042 

37,343,308     59  11  10 

1893  .. 

637,472 

38,713,068 

60  14 

8  1  1,037,862 

37,675,206     59     2    0 

1898  .. 

656487 

39.257,840 

59  16 

7  !  1,113,770 

88,144,070     58    2    7 

ISH  .. 

676,747 

39,826,415 

58  17 

0         951,924 

38,874,491     67    8  10 

1895.. 

689,475 

40,386,964 

58  11 

6 

751,932 

39,635,032 

57    9    9 

1896  ,. 

703,187 

43,050,780 

61     4 

5 

778,89] 

42,271,889 

60     2     4 

1897  .. 

717,649 

44,366,618 

61  16 

5 

814,294 

43.552,324 

60  13     9 

1898  ,. 

731,713 

44,963,424 

61     9 

0 

881.903 

44,081,521 

60     4  11 

J|89.. 

746.673 

46,938,006 

m  17 

3 

857,279 

46,080,727 

61  14     4 

PO" 

758.616 

47,874,452 

63     2 

2 

914,375 

46,930,077 

61  17     3 

1901  .. 

77^,719 

49,591,245 

64     3 

7 

1,033,494 

48,557,751 

62  16  10 

1902  .. 

789 /i^4 

52,966,447 

67    0 

11 

1,128.816 

61,837,631 

65  li     4 

1903  .* 

814,842 

55,899,019 

68  12 

0 

2,313,239* 

53,685,780' 

65  15     3 

1904  .. 

838,954 

57, 522  ,'215 

68  11 

4 

2,457,887* 

55,064,328» 

65  12     8 

1905  ., 

864,971 

59,912,000 

69     5 

4 

2,508,868' 

57, 403, 632* 

66     7     4 

r- 

bS9,968f 

62,191.040 

69  17 

7 

2,520,569* 

59. 670, 471* 

67     0  11 

^B^  With  these  flinures,  in  Addition  to  the  oaetomibiy  deduction  made  foir  linking  fanHIa 
^^vned,  there  has  been  iiiclurTi»d  the  BLOcnied  siokinM  funds  of  tbo  Govern 'ti«QC  Adva.tiue8 
t»ettlera  Office,  ai)  item  vi  ovionsly  not  shown  in  the  tnblii.  Tb<i  gm<!8  debt  1a  al&o  further 
reduced  bv  takitjf!  ofl  tha  auiount  of  Government  ni^curitieft  in  niiioli  the  Kew  Zealand 
CoiDsolft  d«pOAitfl  am  invested.  a%  both  amounts  appear  in  the  table  of  tlie  public  di>^bb. 
£S00l,UOO,  tbe  v»]tie  of  Ihe  preference  nbart^s  bald  by  tbe  Governmeni  in  the  Bank  of  N^vr 
£eik1uid.  i*  alfto  deducted. 

If  Maoris  be  included  io  tbe  population  for  .list  Marvh.  11)00.  the  gTO»H  indebtednoAa  at 

Pdate  ii  lowered  to  X56  l^s.  prir  kieai.  and  the  net  iDdeuU»dna»i  to  £6S  IHs.  lid. 
Estimate  made  prior  to  ccnsiiH  of  :3Bth  April. 
The  debt  of  the  colony  as  above  stated  does  not  include  the  un- 
paid  loans  raised  hv  the  several  local  bodies,  amounting  at  the  end  of 
March.  1905,  to  £10,018,242,  of  which  sum  JE5,63H,600  was  raised 
outside  the  colony.  These  are  referred  to  in  dealing  with  the 
^ance  of  local  bodies. 

hicrease  of  Gross  Publtc  D*ibt. 

The  increase  of  tiie  gross  public  debt  since  the  31st  March,  1891. 
amounts  to  £23,360,690.  A  schedule  of  iteins  composing  this  sutjt  is 
subjoined.  It  shows  the  purposes  to  wluch  the  money  raised  has  been 
or  is  being  devoted.    One  of  the  largest  items  is  £3,410,000  raised  for 


444 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TiSAH-flOOK. 


advanoea  to  settlers,  wbich  represents  inTsstnieiits  by  the  Govern^ 
merit  bearing  interest  and  lent  on  coniinually  iinproving  security, 
the  principal  being  repaid  by  instalments. 

Other  items  which  may  be  considered  to  represent  interest^ 
bearing  invesiments  are  those  under  the  hea<is  *'  Land-BeLiiemeul/ 
"  Native-land  purchases/'  '*  Loans  to  local  bodies,"  *•  Lands  im- 
provement/' *•  N,Z.  Consols/'  and  "Bank  of  N»Z.  preferred 
shares.*' 


Gross  public  debt,  31afc  Marob,  190C 
dist  March,  1891 


tist,)ul«040 
88.850,350 


Increase 

£2:^300,090 

KAtiTelftnd  pQroh&ses 

649.700 

liand-seLttemeni  (inelading  Cbevioi)  .. 

4,969,316 

LuanH  to  loc&l  bodies 

2.238,100 

Landn  improveQietit 

5OO«000 

Ad  van cftn  ro  settlers 

8,410,000 

Bank  of  N  Z,  preference  sbarei 

500,000 

NZ.  GtniHolft 

476*851 

District  railways      .. 

47.000 

PiibJio  works 

9,66'».874 

Increase  by  ooDireraions 

727, 6il 

Sinking  fijnd  aocrebions 

1.711,000 

Navftl  and  military  settlers    .. 

27,226 

Advances  lo  dairy  compaDies 

1,781 

Stale  coaJmineH 

140,000 

6tat<>  fire  itiHurMDce . . 

2,iX)0 

Scenery 'preservttuotj 

10,000 

J 
25,066,469 

L$Ai  Redemptions — 

CSonsolidaied  Sicck  Act,  1S84.  de^ 

benmrefl 

1,260,430 

Otber  deben  lures 

446, dd9 

1,706,779 

Total  net  tnorease 

£23, 860,690 

The  above  addition  to  the  ptiblic  debt,  mainly  for  purposes  of  ft 
directly  reproductive  nature,  noes  not  represent  the  whole  expendi- 
ture on  public  works  and  services  during  the  period.  Out  of  surplm 
revenue  since  1891,  the  sum  of  £4,855,000  has  been  transferred  ta 
the  Public  Works  Fund  and  expendf*d,  thus  substantially  increasing 
the  value  of  the  national  estate  without  a  corresponding  augmen- 
tation of  the  public  liability. 


Interest  and  Sijikmg  Fwtd. 
Of  the  total  amount  of  outstanding  public  debt  at  the  end  of 
March,  1906^ — ^viz.,  £'62.191,040  —  close  on  thirty -nine  niilfions 
sterling  bore  interest  at  ihe  tale  of  4  per  cent,,  over  twelve  milhone 
sterling  at  34  per  cent.,  and  nearly  ten  millions  sterling  at  3  per 
cent.  The  following  are  the  rates  of  interest  payable  on  the  com* 
plote  public  debt :— 


PUBiaO   DKBT, 


44A 


H«t«a  of  [dtemt 

t    per  oenL  « . 

5    percent.  . 

4§  per  cent.  ., 

i    per  cent.  . 

di  per  cent.  * , 

3|  pt'f  cent.  ., 

3'  per  oeDt.  ,, 

Total 


JUnounfc  at  eacb  Bate. 

M 

55,200 

393,300 

52.900 

,     38.y58,C52 

349,000 

.     12.662.929 

.       9,719.059 


£62,191.040 


The  total  amount  of  interest  payable  to  bondholders  on  the  full 
anriount  of  the  public  debt  as  quoted  above  is  £2,3Sl,56o,  which 
civeB  an  average  rate  of  £3  14s,  llfd.  per  £100-  On  the  total  public 
aebt  ouistanding  on  the  3lBt  March,  1891,  tlte  average  interest 
charge  was  £4  lOs-  3d.  per  £100.  During  the  period  1891^1906, 
therefore,  the  average  rate  is  found  to  have  declined  by  15e,  3Jd,  per 
£100.  or  about  17  per  cent. 

The  foregoing  refers  to  interest  payable  to  bondholders  only,  and 
has  nothing  to  do  with  sinking- fund  requirements,  which  are  included 
ID  the  whole  annual  charge  of  the  public  debt. 

The  actual  payments  during  twelve  years  for  interest  and  sink- 
ing fund  out  of  the  Consolidated  Fund  are  shown  hereunder,  to- 
gether with  tlie  percentage  of  ordinary  and  territorial  revenue 
absorbed  by  the  public-debt  charges  : — 


Amouiilfl  ikCtuftlly  jmld  for  Inli-orest  atirll  Siulilag 

Parcente«e 
of 

Fund  out  of  tbe  Con  solid  Ated  Fund. 

Rate 

per  Head 

of 

Menu 

PonnlAp 
tiuia. 

Bev<»ai]e 

Toiur 
UexGb. 

Pubtic  Debl. 

Treaaurv 

Bills. 
TotiU. 

frbBorbvd 

by 

Public 

Dnbl 

InleTn^U 

Btnldo,!       Tolal. 

totar««L 

CllunKei. 

£ 

M 

€                 M 

M 

£      A.        d. 

18d5 

1,619,925 

57.U79 

1,677.904   38.985 

1,716,889 

2  10     3 

'      38^96' 

18D6 

t.G<T2.93a 

41.183 

l.644.im  39,659 

1.683,775 

2    8    4 

36-96 

1897 

1,630.577 

41,858 

1.672.4^5'  37,034 

1,709,469 

S    8    2 

35-62 

1898 

1,668,6^7 

43,380 

1.712,(177    29,8ri6 

1,741,413 

2     8     1 

34*28 

imi9 

l,C89,74f> 

44,651 

1,734,400  33,068 

1,767.468 

2     7  10 

83  61 

1900       ., 

1.674.618 

46,073 

1.720,691    28.703 

1.749. 3!  »4 

2     6     6 

3107 

1901 

1,671.552 

46,364 

1.717.916'  27.700 

1.745,616 

2    5    6 

29  83 

1902 

1.7-22, 819 

47,724 

1,770.543   93,3".ie 

I, 803.939 

2    6     2 

29*80 

1903 

1,817.701 

50,464 

1,868.165    .32, KH 

1,1K)0,979 

2     7     5 

2977 

1904 

1,875.376 

53.408 

1,928,784    29.179 

1,957.963 

2    7     4 

2789 

1906 

l.9H,296 

64,93H 

I,9<i9.229    24.500 

l,9*»3,7i9   2     6  10 

27-38 

1906 

2,006,537 

66.167 

2,062^704 

34,500 

2,OS?,204 

2    7     7 

27-52 

>OTE.— The  Alter&tion  nmde  In  lisOl-95  of  the  syittflfTi  whii?h  iireviou^v  obtnlnocl  In 
deHiini!  with  the  draw ini*  )o«.n  of  lh6T  fanB  Mffcpcted  the  eoriipMiHfin  of  t>io  fletir***  for  the 
l«#t  «ieV4^ti  veftrn  with  those  iirccecJiiif?.  1  he  tot&l  IlllN>1l^t  ucluoJly  psld  fur  hiLei  ei«t  Aud 
tink'ng  fuo^l  iij  iRW-OO  wmm,  under  ihc«  ol^l  ovRri^in,  £lJsm.(XM.  'i  he  nuures  fr*r  e^vh  of  tbe 
^«ex«  ended  Merch,  IfHX)  to  IHH  iucluiive,  will  lie  fouud  in  ibe  Tear-tMolL  tot  VIM. 


446 


nw    SXALAim   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK . 


The  above  amounta  shown  as  ioterest  and  sinking  fund  do  not 
comprise  the  whole  of  ihe  interest  and  sinking  fund  paid  by  the 
Government  in  respect  of  moneys  raised  by  the  issue  of  loan 8. 
ThuSj  for  loans  raised  under  the  Land  for  Settlements  Acts,  the 
Government  Advances  to  Settlers  Acts,  and  for  the  purchase  of 
the  Cheviot  Estate,  the  interest,  although  made  a  charge  upon  the 
Consohddted  Fund,  is  recovered  from  the  receipts  derived  from  the 
leasing  of  the  lauds,  or  from  instalments  paid  by  borrowers.  The 
amount  of  interest  thus  charged  and  recovered  during  last  year  waa 
£273,856  (under  the  Land  for  Settlements  Acts,  £162.760  ;  Advances 
to  Settlers  Act.  £97.200;  Cheviot  Estate.  £8,866;  other  amountg, 
£5,030),  Such  inierest  does  not  become  a  burden  upon  the  tax- 
payer, anti  consequently  is  not  included  in  the  figures  upon  which 
the  rate  per  head  of  mean  population  is  calculated. 

The  amount  actually  paid  for  interest  and  sinking  fund  out 
of  the  Consolidated  Fund  during  1905-6  was  £93,475  more  than 
that  for  the  previous  year,  and  the  rate  of  charge  per  head  of 
popnlatioD  shows  a  slight  increase. 

The  securities  in  which  the  sinking  funds  were  held  as  on  the 
Slst  March.  1906.  are  specified  in  the  statement  following : — 


Statement  of  the  Sucdritiks  in  which  the  Sikkiko  Funds  of  the 
Loans  were  jjivented  on  the  SJat  March,  1906. 


Inveetments  in^ 

New  Z^-fttftnd  6- per- cent.  Debentures 

New  Zealiknd  4|  per-cent.  Debentures 

New  Z'iHiand  4-peF-cent..  Debt^nturBg 

New  Zf»lRnd  ^  per-ceut.  Debentures 

New  Z**Rl&ru)  4^per-cent«  In»cr]bed  Stock 

New  Ze'%]ikr»d  3j-p^^r-conb.  Inacribed  Stock    . 

Nt'w  Zealand  ^-per-ceot.  Inscribed  Stock    ., 

New  S  nth  Wnlee  4-per-ceTit.  Df3b**ntirrR8    . 

New  South  WaIbr  4  per  cent.  Inscribed  Stock 

New  Sfjuth  Watea  S^-per  c#^nt.  InHcribed  Stock 

New  South  Wales  3  percent.  lnHcribed  Stock 

Victoria  4  percent.  Debentures 

Victoria  4  percent*  Inscribed  Stock 

Victoria  H|  per  cent.  Inscribed  Stock 

ViGtona  3  per  cent.  Inscribed  S'ock 

South  AiisLroilia  4 -percent.  Debeiitnrea 

South  AuBtraHft  4  percent,  IriHcnbed  Stock 

South  AiiKtriktiti  8|  per  cent.  Inscribed  Stock 

South  Aii^trKlift  3  per  cenL  IriBcrrbed  Stock 

Caiiftda  4-per'Cent.  Debentures 

Canada  4per'eent,  Iriftoribed  Stock 

G'tnada  S^'per-cent.  Inscribed  Stock 

Canada  3  p^r-ct^nt,  Iiif^cnbBd  Stock 

CanAdtt  S4*per-cent.  Innrnbed  Stock 

Tft'^nianiri  ,*1  per-cent.  Inacribf*d  Stook 

Queen'-land  4  per  cent.  InscriWd  Stock 

0-3 Inn  3  per  e^nt.  Ingeribed  Stock 

TraiwA-ii  8  per-cent.  Guaranteed  Stock 

B^rik  of  New  Ztabnd  Guaranteed  Sioek,  4  per  cent 

Carried  forward     . . 


k 

3»470 

1,700 
12»6i*0 

2,310 

129,754  19 

11.923     6 

9/229  9 
19,800    0 

5,486  e 
a'V.OOO  U 
71,386  18 
15,U00  0 
43,233  17 
84,{X>a  0 
27,429  4 
24.700     0 

4.851  0 
39,0*JO  0 
114,860  15 
18,200  0 
r.ik,is<)0  0 
:-;,i''L^2  11 
Ha. 220  12 
IS.Gli'j   15 

6,645  15 

1,433     8 

10 » 000    0 

10i>,33a  11 

1,000    0 


evflrft] 

d. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
3 
2 
0 
7 
0 
4 
0 
4 
0 
1 
0 
5 
0 
9 
0 
0 
6 
3 
11 
1 
B 
0 
2 
0 


£dS$,699  12    9 


l^UBLIC    DEBT. 


447 


IiiV€8iDiBntfl  in — eontinued. 

Brought  forward 
Leeds  Corporation  3- per  cent,  inscribed  Stock 
CdrdifT  CorporAtion  3-per-oent.  InHoribed  Stock 
Gold  Co4St  3-per  cent.  IriHcribed  Stock 
Trinidad  4-por-eeni,  Inscribed  St  «<ik 
LMgt>ft  3^-per-cent.  iDscribrd  Stock 
Hong  Kojjg  B§  percent    It^scribed  Stock 
Koading  Corpfjration  3*pcr-ceDt.  Itii^oiibed  Stock 
Sheffield  Corporation  3-per<ceiit.  InRcrib^d  Stock 
County  of  Tan  ran  ga  5- per  cent.  Debentures 
Borough  of  Brunuer  6«per  oeat.  Debetituren 
Borough  of  Pabea  4}  per-cent.  DebdntureH  . . 
Borough  of  Palmer9ton  North  5-per-cent-  Debenturea 
BocDugh  of  Tail  ran  ga  5-per-cent.  Debentures 
Westport  Harbour  Board  4-per  cent,  Deb^uluroB 
Wftiliiakariri-Aahloy   Water-aupplj?  Board  Sper-cent. 

Debentures  . . 
WeUington  and  Manawatu  Railway  Company  5  per- 
cent. Debentures 


£ 

986.809 

14,000 

26,000 

17, '335 

*i,861 

17,000 

12,000 

6,500 

16,000 

60 

9110 

420 

530 

20O 

660 


B.  d. 

12  2 

0  0 

0  0 

14  4 

9  10 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 


320     0    0 
540    0     0 


1,102,216  16  4 
ng  funds  in  repppct  of  Local  Bodies'  Loana  Act,  1901, 
and  Government  Advanoes  to  Settlers  Act,  1894^ 

Mortgages            -.              .,              ..              ..                       50,400    0  0 

In  common  fand,  Pablio  Trust  Office,  at  i  per  cent.       50)^,r^4B    0  7 

1,661,259  16  U 

259  15  7 


Ca«h  balance  on  31st  March,  1906 
Total 


£1,661,519  12     6 


)f  the  total  amount,  £542,833  is  represented  by  stock  and  de- 
benturee  of  the  Australian  States,  and  £218,211  by  those  of  Canada, 
Ceylon,  tfec.  ;  £171,018  was  invested  in  sirailar  securities  of  the  New 
Zealand  Goveromeot ;  £62,500  in  inscribed  stock  of  Ent^lish  cor* 

K rations;  £102.333  in  Transvaal  Guaranteed  stock;  £3.r20  in  de- 
ntures   of    various    local    go%''errting    bodies  ;     other    securities, 
£1,600;    £50,400  on  mortgage:    and '£.508,643   is  in  the  hands  of 
le  Public  Trustee. 

_  Flotation  of  Loam. 

Of  the  gross  public  debt  of  the  colony  outstanding  on  31  st 
March,  1906,  £50,910,992  was  raised  in  London,  £2,586,450  in 
Australia,  and  £8.693,598  io  New  Zealand  ;  and  of  the  total  amount 
£47,306,029  was  held  as  inscribed  stock,  and  £14,885,011  in  tbe 
form  of  debentures.     Details  are  given  hereunder  : — 


Kind  of  fitCMk. 

Debentures 

Inficribed  stock 


Flnated  in 


IxmdoQ,  Aubtr&llA. 

£  £ 

4,081,814  2»o86,450 
40,829.178 


Total. 


New  Zealand. 

£  i 

8,216,747  14,8S5.011 

476,851  47,306.029 


Total  ,.       50,910,992     2,586.450         8,69:^,598       62,191,040 

_      The  large  proportion  of  the  public  debt  which   lias  been  floated 
in  the  colony  is  worthy  of  attention. 


M8 


mW    ZKALAMD  OmCUt.    TBAR-SOOK. 


i-p«r 

ceoU. 

aiP 

(1»S»1 

igtiMi. 

Lowest. 

HifhM 

104J 

96J 

*. 

im 

99| 

.. 

1091^ 

102f 

m 

107i 

100 

9Bi 

106g 

100 

98 

107i 
1091 

97 

y74 

105| 

103^ 

iisl 

106ft 

107i 

UHi 

106i 

not 

117 

1121 

111 

1165 

lOS 

lOU^ 

1IG| 

1054 

109 

113- 

IW 

106| 

11 -^j 

noi 

109;  ^ 

113^ 

109 

109 
lOi 

110^ 

106 

107^ 

1044 

101 

im 

105: 

loo; 

m 

^n 

yii 

30 

96i 

100 

'Jhi 

'A 

104 

iOH* 

JO 

lOif 

lOS 

99i 

103 

1014 

964 

loa 

99i 

lo^ 

98i 

96} 

1041 

m 

3 

102* 

9T 

99t^ 

96 

98 

961 

90 

m 

97^ 

H% 

8aJ 

Prices  of  New  Zealand  Stfjck. 
The  highest  and   lowf^st  London  prices  for  the   New  Zealand 
4,  3|.  and  3  per  cent,  stock,  taken  over  a  range  of  eighteen  years, 
are  quoted: — 

QUOTJ^TIONS,    NbW   ZBAfJOlD    8T0CA. 

i«r-oeiiia,  S<fi«r*oratiu 

Yeiit.  HigtiMi.    Lowest.    HifhMt.    LowMtw   Hi4|be«t,  Lovcii 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

189^2 

1893 

1894 

1895 

189C 

1697 

1898 

18H9 

imxi 

1901 
19f^2 
1903 
1904 
1905 

Utiluation  of  Money  Gompasing  Put  lie  Debt. 

A  filatamenl  h  supplied,  based  on  figures  taken  from  the  Colonial 
Treasurer's  Budget  of  1897  (to  which  the  necessary  additions  have 
been  made),  showing  the  purposes  for  which  the  money  forming  tbe 
public  debt  of  the  colony  was  raised  or  voted. 

But  the  amounts  in  the  items  must  be  regarded  a6  only  approxi- 
mations to  the  actual  facta.  The  information  is  merely  indicative  of 
the  truth,  and  is  a  revision  of  what  was  given  in  ihe  Year-book,  1899, 
which  was  found  to  be  not  as  near  to  correctness  as  possible  io 
places. 
PuBuc   Debt  of  New  Zbaland,  Mabch,  1900,  showing  appkoximately  thi 

AMOUNTS    RAISED    OH    VOTICO     UNDMB     VABI0U8     HkaDS,    ARI%AKG£D     111     TnRlf 

Glasses. 

On  31  Rt  M&reb«  1006 

(a.)  Services—  £ 

Railways                 ..              .,              ..  2O,2tX\00O' 

Landn  iinpriwement  (roada  and  bridgen)  ..           G,130,(XX> 

Public  works  fttid  butlUiugs                ..  ..            4,55-^,000 

ImmigrRtjon          ..              ..              .,  ..           2,470,000 

Mhoti  war               ..                .              ..  ,.           2,360,000 

Lanei-purchaBeB    ,,             ,,             ,,  2,901,000 

Defence                  ,*             ..             .,  1.931,000 

Telfgrapha              ..               ..               ,.  1,115,000 

OoldfieldB  aad  coal-minM  ..             «.  811,000 

LighUioui^-J*  ikrid  liRrb -ur«..              ..  ..                538,000 

MidlAMd  R*i I wny  Company's  bondbo'tl^'ra  ..               150,000 

*  NuTH.— Otity  a  portlnp  of  axiwudltiire  nt  old  I'roviuuUI  Goveratuenta  on  r»(ltt«ft 
b'NJMiie  publtc  deliC  of  tlie  ooliofiy.  The  totitl  uxpendifit'O  oq  mUw»ivs  {l*roviiit!iik)  i^nd 
Gotierii}  tiriveriiMiunti  |r»  Mist  Mrir'h,  1[N>>.  vvm  over  tufiit^-tliree  iiiitlioQft  fiterUatf,  wliic^ 
ini'iiiltts  £aj{}|,!28i  A|i(»Qt  bv  the  IVovLdoIaI  Oovf9rDuit>nta.  oT  whicU  StAjiBO  waa  fot  tbt 
DuotHiia  mud  Port  Cij&lmarfi  Uuft. 


PUBLIC    DWBT, 


449 


a.)  8trvte€$ — oontinued. 
State  onaUmines  . , 
Tourist  and  health  resorted  .  . 
State  fire  iusuranoe 
Scenery- preservation 

(6  I  Invistments— 

Purchaee  of  land  for  settlements 

Advanoes  to  settlers 

Loans  to  local  bodies 

B&nlc  of  New  Zealand  proferonee  shareti 

New  Zealand  Consols         . .  *  . . 

{€.)  Other— 

Deficiencies  in  revenue,  charges  and  expenses 
of  raising  loans,  provincial  liabilities,  and 
tniscellaneQQs  expenditure 


On  !llitt  March 

i. 

140, Of  10 

60,000 

2,000 

10,000 

4^969,000 

3,410,000 

2,516,000 

500,000 

477,000 


7.6S7,(KXJ 


(UWl 


It  wilJ  thus  be  found  that  on  the  31st  March,  1906,  out  of  a  total 
debt  of  £62,191,000,  tiie  amounts  allocated  for  services  formed 
approximately  the  following  proportions  of  the  whole  : — 


Per  Cent, 

Per  Cent. 

For  Railways 

32-58 

For  Telegraphs            ..              ..        l'7d 

,    Qoldfielda  and  coal  mines ..       1  30 

and  bridges)     . . 

086 

,    Lighthouses  and  harbours        087 

.    Pablio  works  and  buildings 

7-82 

^    Midland  Railway                . .       0-24 

•    Immigration 

397 

,    State  coal-mines..             ..       0-33 

,    Maori  war 

3'70 

«    Tourist  and  health  resorts         009 

,    I>and ' purchases  .. 

3-64 

.    Scenery-preservfttion          ..       0  03 

•    Defenoe*. 

811 

The  total  6um  is  divided  into  three  claases  in  the  table,  of  which 
(a)  is  composed  of  the  various  services  above  referred  to,  and  the 
total  of  which  forms  6871  per  cent,  of  the  whole  debt  in  1906 ; 
class  {h)  consists  of  moneys  devoted  to  what  may  be  termed  invest- 
ments, being  19  09  per  cent,  of  the  total;  (c)  nioneys  paid  away  in 
charges  and  expenses  of  raising  loans,  also  to  meet  ileficieiicies  of 
revenue,  besides  old  provincial  iiabilitiea,  and  miscellaneous  expen- 
diture, forming  12- 20  per  cent,  of  the  debt. 

The  figures  given  as  to  railways  do  not  include  all  the  sums 
spent  by  the  Provincial  Go%^ernments,  as  stated  in  the  note  to 
the  table,  nor  do  the  figures  in  some  other  items  agree  with  those 
given  elsewhere,  made  up  from  tables  showing  the  expenditure 
out  of  the  Public  Works  Fund,  which,  as  previously  explained,  is 
augmented  by  contributions  from  the  Consolidated  Revenue  Ac- 
count 

Pith  lie  Works  tn  New  Zealand. 
The  burden  of  a  public  debt  depends  greatly  on  the  measure  in 
which  it  is  expended  on  reproductive  works,  and  ou  the  degi-ee  of 
prosperity  enjoyed  by  the  people.  The  generally  rugged  character 
of  this  country,  and  the  natural  difficulties  appertaining  to  the  sites 
of  many  of  the  towns,  soon  necessitated  a  large  outlay  on  roads  and 
public  works.  The  need  was  fully  recognised,  and  to  some  exteni 
16— Ybk 


460 


NKVV    »KALANi>   OKriClAI,    TKARJlOOK. 


met,  by  the  Provincial  Governments,  which  have  justly  received 

great  credit  for  their  far-seeing  and  liberal  eicertion&.  A  great  deal 
of  road-makinL;,  often  of  a  very  costly  character,  was  accoinplisheii, 
harbour  and  other  improvements  begun,  and  immigration  encoo- 
raged.  Some  railways  were  matie  in  Canterbury,  Otago,  and  SoDth* 
land.     The  City  of  Christchurch  and  the  Canierburj'  Plains  were 

^connected  with  the  Poit  of  Lyttelton  by  a  railway,  which  required 
the  coEstJUction  of  a  long  and  very  costly  tunnel  through  the  inter- 
vening range  of  hills.  In  Otago  private  enterprise,  backed  by  the 
guarantee  of  the  Provincial  Government,  built  a  railway  from  Dm- 
edin  to  Port  Chalmers,  and  some  miles  of  line  were  tnaide  in  South- 

[land  from  the  Town  of  InvercargiU  into  the  interior;  but  no  general 
and  comprehensive  scheme  of  public  works  could  be  carried  oat 
by  the  separate  exertions  of  the  Provincial  Governments.  In  1870, 
therefore,  the  General  Goveiiunent  brought  forward  its  public-worb 
and  immigraiion  policy,  by  which  it  was  proposed  to  raise  a  loiin  of 
ten  millions  for  the  construction  of  main  trunk  railways,  roads»and 
other  pnblic  works  of  importance  to  the  colony  as  a  whole,  as  well 
as  for  the  promotion  of  immigration  on  a  large  scale,  the  expemh- 
ture  to  be  spread  over  a  period  of  ten  years.  This  policy  was 
accepted  by  the  Legislature,  and  embodied  in  **  The  Immigration 
and  Public'Works  Act.  1870.'* 

The  demands  for  local  railways  and  other  works  soon  caused  th« 
original  proposals  to  be  exceeded,  and  entailed  an  expeoditure 
at  a  much  more  rapid  rate  and  to  a  far  greater  amount  than  was 
originally  contemplated.  Although  many  of  the  works  undertaken 
have  been  directly  unremuneralive,  yet  the  effect  of  the  policy  as  a 
whole  has  been  largely  to  develop  the  settlement  of  the  country,  and 
to  increase  enormously  the  value  of  landed  property  ;  land  in  parts 
which  before  the  construction  of  railways  was  valued  at  from  il  to 
£2  per  acre  having  been  subsequently  sold  at  prices  varying  from 
£10  to  £20  per  acre.  Moreover,  the  railway  and  telegraph  linei 
yield  a  revenue  which  covers  a  large  portion  of  the  interest  on  their 
cost  after  paying  working-expenses. 


Expenditure  out  of  the  Public  Works  Fund. 
The  net  expenditure,  under  all  hea<is»  of  the  Public  Works  Fund 
from  1870  to  the  31st  March.  1906,  can  be  given  correctly,  but  this 
fund,  as  stated  previously,  is  not  altogether  composed  of  money 
charged  to  the  public  debt.  It  had  received  £37,377»601  from 
loans  and  £5,833,563  by  way  of  receipts  in  aid  on  the  latter  date. 
The  money  received  by  way  of  aid  included  £4,855,000  transferred 
from  the  Consolidated  Fund  during  the  last  fifteen  financial  years, 
out  of  surplus  revenue.  Nearly  forty-three  millions  sterlinj^  were 
spent  since  the  year  1870  up  to  March,  1906,  and  the  iteujs  given 
below  exhibit  the  nature  of  the  works,  Ac,  with  amount  for  each. 


PUBLIC   DBBT. 


451 


N«T  EXPBHDITUBK   OF   PUBLIO    WOBKS  PUND  FROM   1870  TO  SlST  MaROH,  1906. 

Expenditure  on —  £ 

Immigration           ..  2,168,228 

Publio  works,  departmental  538,456 

Railways,  including  surveys  of  new  lines  . .       21,816,579 

Roads        ..             ..             ..             ..  7,190,256 

Land-purchases  2,024,422 

Development  of  goldfields    ..  766,960 

Telegraph  extension  1,210,177 

Public  buildings     ..  3,851,536 

Lighthouses,  harbour- works,  and  defences  . .         1 ,013 ,  153 

Contingent  defence  854,720 

Rates  on  Native  lands  67,113 

Thermal  springs     ..  14,600 

Tourist  and  health  resorts    ..  71,248 

Lands  improvement  9,409 

Charges  and  expenses  of  raising  loans  1 ,  249 ,  803 

Coal-mines  10,835 

Interest  and  sinking  fund    ..  218,500 

Payment  to  Midland  Railway  bondholders  . .            150,000 

Utilieation  of  water-power   . .  3 ,  370 


Total 


£42,718,865 


Expenditure  on  Railways. 
The  railway   expenditure   during   each  of    seven   quinquennial 
periods  and  the  year  1905-6,  since  the  initiation  of  the  public-works 
poUcy,  has  been  : — 

1st  July,  1870,  to  30th  June,  1875  3,575,362 


1st  July,  1875,  to  3l8t  March,  1880 
1st  April,  1880,  to  31st  March,  1885 
Ist  April,  1885,  to  3l8t  March,  1890 
1st  April,  1890.  to  Slat  March,  1895 
Ist  April.  1895.  to  3l8t  March,  1900 
Ist  April,  1900,  to  Slst  March,  1905 
Ist  April.  1905,  to  Slst  March,  1906 

Total 


4,919,712 
3,120,680 
2,308,319 
978,498 
1,547,732 
4,353,872 
1,012,404 


..  £21,816,679 


New  Zealand's  expenditure  on  railways  is,  with  one  excep- 
tion (that  of  Tasmania)  the  lowest  per  head  of  the  population  of 
any  of  the  Australian  States.  The  next  table  shows  the  cost  of 
railway-works,  the  mileage,  the  average  cost  per  mile,  the  popula- 
tion, and  the  cost  per  head  of  the  population  in  New  Zealand  and 
the  several  States  referred  to  : — 

®  ©  I 

t^S,    Estimated;  S?f»Jof 


State  or  Colony. 


Year  ended 


CoBt  of  Con- 
struction 
of  Open 
Lines. 


Averace 
No.  of 

Miles  of 
Line 
open.   ' 


I 


Queensland 

New  South  Wales 

Victoria 

South  Au<(tralia* 

We»t'n  Australia 

Taf>ma'iia 

New  Zealand    . . 


30  June,  1905 
30  June,  1905 
30  June,  1905 
30  June,  1905 

30  June,  1905 
80  June,  1905 

31  Mar.,  1906 


21,610,980 
43,062,550| 
41,279,045 
14,706,465, 
9,808,458 
3,920, 508i 
22,498,9721 


3,066 
3.281 
3,384 
1,890 
1,568 
462 
2,391 


£      '  £     B. 

6,989  521,655  41  8 
13,126  1,478,200  29  2 
12,10-2  1,211,003  34  1 
7,813|  370,257  39  17 
6,255  254,000  38  12 
8,476  177,904J22  0 
9,410,  1933,11124     2 


*  Inoluding  Northern  Territory. 


\  Inoluding  M.&otV%. 


452 


NSW    SKA  LAND    OFFICIAL    TBAK-BOOE 


In  the  foregoing  table  the  cost  per  head  of  population  for 
way-construction  is  shown  to  have  been  between  iSi  and  £38^ 
the  States  of  Victoria  and  Western  Australia :  over  £39  in  South 
Australia  and  over  i^41  in  Queensland;  in  New  South  Wales  it  was 
over  £29 ;  but  in  New  Zealand  the  cost  has  been  over  £2i,  and 
in  Tasmania  over  £22,  per  head  of  population. 

Pubtic  Debt  of  AnstraLasia. 
The  following   figures  show   the   public   debt  of  each  State  or 
colony  in  1904-6  : — 


8U(«  or  Colour.      I 

I 


Dat«. 


I  FubUo  Bebu 


QueGfisland            .  31  Deo.,  1904 

New  South  Wales  30  June,  1905 

Viotorift  30  Jutie,  1905 

South  Australia  . .  i  30  June,  1906 

WeBtern  Au^tr^lm  30  June,  1905 


40,U0J97|  1,130,000 


73^434,372 
dl, 513, 767 


96,351,616   2,522,050 


TasmaniA 


30  Jun**,  1905 

31  Mar.,  1905 


16,142,773 

9,307,466 

59,912,000 


8,887,626 
250,000i 


500,000 


of 
Total,      I  l*oini)fetk«i. 


41,270,797 
82,321,998 
51.763,767 
28,773,ti95 
16.642,773 


164,515   9,471 »97l 


59,912,000  60    5    4 


«    I.   d 
79    2   t 

55  IS    9 

42  u  n 

77  H    3 

65  10    5 

52    9    6 


*  At!  ehown  prciviouily  iuee  page  i^h  the  amoutit  of  aoenied  ittikiog  fund  i^oom  tbit 
by  £%  J8r.  per  h«i»d. 

The  amount  of  indebtednoss  per  head  of  popubition  in  June,  1905, 
in  Queensland  and  SoutJi  Australia  was  thus  greater  than  that  for 
New  Zealand  in  March,  1905, 

The  Absbtb  Kkalibation  Boaiu). 

The  Assets  Realisation  Board  was  establislied  for  the  purchiiae, 
in  connection  with  the  affairs  of  the  Bank  of  New  Zealand,  of  all 
the  assets  of  the  Estates  Company  and  of  the  Auckland  Agricultunl 
Company, 

The  following  particulars  are  extracted  from  the  GenerJ 
Manager's  report  for  the  year  ended  Slat  March  last  (1906)  :  — 

Sales  to  the  extent  of  £183,785  have  been  ma*le,  as  compared 
with  £113,7B7  the  previous  year.  Of  the  total  value  (£1B3,786V 
£177,354  represents  country.  £6,431  town  lands. 

The  sales  for  the  period  1895-1906,  including  stock,  show  h 
total  of  £1,547,600. 

On  31st  March,  1906,  the  proportion  of  total  sales  from  time  of 
r  atarting  to  the  book-cost  of  all   estates  (£2,731,706)  was  56 '65  per 


AH8ET8   KEALISATION    BOAKD. 


453 


cent. ;  and  to  land-tax  valuation,  plus  10  per  cent,  for  sundry 
properties,  with  the  general  manager's  valuation  for  station  pro- 
perties (which  together  total  £1,895,179),  it  was  81-66  per  cent. 


Particulars  of  operations  are — 

Sales  of  properties  finally  realised,  1895-1906  (in- 
cluding stock),  (net  amount) 
Properties  partially  realised 


740,294 
807,806 

£1,547,600 


The  book-cost  of  the  estates  in  respect  of  which  the  sales  were 
finally  closed  was  £1,078,182.  These  properties  are  shown  above  to 
have  realised  £740,294,  leaving  a  deficiency  of  £337,888,  including 
the  realisation  expenses,  &c. 

The  localities  of  the  sales  are  as  follows  : — 


Eptates. 

PArmg. 

Town 
Sections. 

Suburban 
Properties. 

£ 

Auckland 

12 

353 

778 

423 

729,938 

Canterbury 

3 

99 

24 

63 

287,530 

Hawke's  Bay 

2 

10 

104,250 

Otago  .. 

2 

10 

692 

182 

78,608 

Marlborough 

1 

9 

65 

6 

66,883 

Wellington 

2 

18 

37 

1 

173,889 

Proceeds  :  realisation  of  sundry  assets 
Stock  sales  on  propt  rties  finally  closed 


1,481,048 

8,745 

107,807 

£1.547,600 


Special  Banking  Legislation. 

A  synopsis  of  "  The  Bank  of  New  Zealand  Act,  1903,"  and 
*'  The  Bank  of  New  Zealand  Act,  1904,"  is  given  previously  on 
pages  401  and  402. 


SECTION  XVII.—POPULATION. 

Thb  populatiou  of  New  Zealand,  as  estimated  for  the  31&t  Decem- 
ber, 1905,  with  the  increase  for  the  year,  is  shown  below  : — 


Persons. 


Males. 


Feiiisl«i' 


857,539    453,992      403.547 


Estimated  population  (exclusive  of  Maoris,  also 
Cook  and  other  annexed  Islands)  on  31st  De- 
cember, 1904 

Increase  during  the  year  1905 : — 
By  excess  of  births  over  deaths 
Excess  of  arrivals  over  departures 

Estimated  population  (exclusive  of  Maoris, 
also  Cook  and  other  annexed  Islands)  on 
31st  December,  1905 
Maori  population 
Population  of  Cook  and  other  Pacific  Islands 

Total  estimated  population  of  colony  (includ- 
ing Maoris,  also  Cook  and  other  annexed 
Islands)  on  31st  December,  1905 

*  Excluding  776  absentees  at  labour  abroad. 

Details  showing  the  distribution  of  the  Maori  population  aod 
also  of  the  Cook  and  other  annexed  Pacific  Islands  follow  ;  but  the 
figures  in  the  succeeding  portions  of  this  section  exclude  these 
special  features. 

Total  Number  of  Maoris  in  each  County,  Census  1906. 


15,621 
9.302 

7,420 
5,954 

8,201 
3,348 

882,462 

47.781 
12,340* 

467,366 

25,638 
6,224 

499,128 

415.096 

22, Ids 
6.116 

942.533 

443,405 

Countiefi. 

PerBons. 

Coanties. 

Penoiu 

Mangonui 

.      2,05.3 

Whakatane 

.     2,332 

Whangaroa 

743 

Opotiki   .. 

.     1,319 

Hokianga 

.     2.769 

Rotorua  . . 

.     1.260 

Bay  of  Islands 

.      2,571 

Waiapu  . . 

.     2,611 

HobFOu   . . 

882 

Cook       . . 

.     1,759 

Otamatea 

407 

Hawke'B  Bay 

.     1,505 

Whangarei 

9G0 

Waipawa 

468 

Rodney   . . 

132 

Paiangata 

140 

Great  Barrier  Island 

41 

Woodvillo 

11 

Eden     (including     VVaihcke 

Wairoa   .. 

.     2,266 

and  Chamberlin  Islands)            28*2 

Akitio 

43 

Waiteuiata 

189 

Ca-itlepoint 

9 

Manukau 

078 

Feathefhton 

365 

Waikato 

S38 

Wairarapa  South 

119 

Raglan    . . 

.      1,483 

Pahiatua 

50 

Kawbia  . . 

615 

Masterton 

251 

Awakino 

131 

Eketahuna 

20 

East  Tanpo 

880 

Mauriceville 

8 

West  Taupo 

.      1,130 

Hutt 

290 

Waitomo 

1,075 

Waitotara 

348 

Waipa     . . 

314 

^tanawatu 

260 

Piako       . . 

576 

Kairanga 

166 

Ohinemuri 

675 

Kangitikei 

557 

ThameR  .. 

774 

Wanganui 

782 

Goromandel 

695 

Horowhenua 

.     1,015 

Tauranga      and       adjacent 

Waimarino 

728 

islands 

.      2,040 

Oroua     . . 

212 

population. 

45 

OTAL  Number  of  Maoris  in  each  County, 

Census 

1906- 

-contc 

Counties. 

Persons. 

Counties. 

Persons. 

Patea 

332 

Akaroa    . . 

141 

Hawera  .. 

699 

Mount  Herbert 

loq 

Stratford 

62 

Geraidine 

151 

Taranaki 

295 

Levels     .. 

25 

Clifton    .. 

704 

Waimate 

64 

Egmont  . . 

.      1,008 

Waitaki  . . 

116 

Sounds    . . 

80 

Waikouaiti 

140 

Marlborough 

158 

Peninsula 

144 

Wainiea . . 

113 

Waihemo 

13 

CoUingwood 

7 

Taieri 

68 

Takaka  .. 

80 

Clutba    .. 

22 

Buller     .. 

36 

Southland 

93 

Westland 

94 

Wallace.. 

276 

Kaikoura 

109 

Stewart  Island  and 

adjaoent 

Ashley     .. 

198 

islands 

100 

Selwyn    .. 

83 

Chatham  Islands . . 

202 

Population  of  Cook  and  other  Pacific  Islands  now  included 
WITHIN  THE  Boundaries  of  the  Colony. 


Whites  and  Half- 

Nativeciand  Half- 

oasU-R  living  as 

castes  living  as 

Total. 

Absentees.* 

Wbitee. 

.Natives. 

Rarotonga 

1070 

2,334 

2,441 

Mangaia 

m 

1,523 

1,631 

Atiu    .. 

4(c) 

914 

918 

AituUki 

m 

1,154 

1,162 

82 

Maake  (or  Parry  Island) 

2(0 

444 

446 

10 

Mitiaro* 

208 

210 

•• 

Total  Cook  Group 

131 

6,677 

6,708 

92* 

Niue  (or  Savage  Island) 

21(f) 

3,801 

8,822 

680 

Falmerston 

82 

82 

Penrhyn  (or  Tongareva) 

*6(^) 

414 

420 

Manihiki 

2,i) 

519 

521 

22 

Rakaanga 

m 

351 

352 

60 

Danger  (or  Pukapuka)  . . 

436 

436 

32 

Total  other  islands 

30 

6,602 

6.632 

684' 

Total  population  of  Pacific 
islands 



161 

12,279 

12.340 

776* 

*  Absent  in  ships  or  at  the  guano  islands,  &c. 

(ft)  Birthplaces.— United  Kingdom.  28;  New  Zealand,  23;  Australia,  6;  Tasmania,  8; 
Rarotonga.  10:  France,  8;  GerinaDy.  5;  Sweden,  1;  Cape  Verde  Inlands,  2 ;  United  States 
America.  8;  Holland,  1;  Portugal,  2;  Society  Group,  1;  Houg  Kong.  6;  Jamaica,  2; 
UanUa,  1. 

(b)  Birthplaces.— United  Kingdom,  5 :  New  Zealand,  2;  Rarotonga,  1. 

(«)  Birthplaces.— Australia,  1 ;  Hong  Kong,  2 ;  Austria,  1. 

(d)  Birthplaces.— United  Kingdom.  4;  New  Zealand,  1 ;  Jamaica,!;  Norway,  1;  Aitu* 
taki,  1. 

(e)  Birthplaces.— France.  1;  Germany,  1. 

(f)  Birthplaces.— Cape  Verde  Islands,  1 ;  Houg  Kong,  1. 
(K)  Hirthpiaces  not  stated. 

(h)  Birthplaces.— United  Kingdom,  5  ;  United  States  America.  1. 

(>)  Birthplaces.— United  Kingdom,  1 ;  Ausiralia.  1. 

(k)  Birthplaces —United  kingdom,  1. 
BumcABT  OF  BiBTHPLACER.— United  Kingdom,  44:    New  Zealnnd.  26;  Australia.  8;   Tas- 
mania, S;  Rarotonga.  11;  Frauce,  9;  Germany,  6;  Sweden,  1 ;  Cape  Verde  Islands,  8 
United  States  America,  9;  Holland,  1 ;  Portugal,  2;  Society  QroMV%^\  ^qv\%YwOTl%^^\ 
Jamaica,  8;  Manila,  1;    Norway,  1;  Aitutaki,  1;   Austrva,  '^'t  ^^^  %\i«.\A^,  "^^  V^orc^ 
Vive  iBUnd):  Total,  161. 


456  kiw  sialand  ofpioial  tbar-book. 

Inobbasb   of  Population  (exclusive  of   Maobib   and  Annbxed 
Paoific-Islandebs)  . 

The  increase  for  each  quarter  of  the  year  1905  was : — 
Fint  QuarUr, 


increase  from: 
Excess  of  births  over  deaths 
Exoefis  of  immigration  over  emigration 

Increase  during  quarter 

Males. 
1,880 
2,666 

4,546 

1,849 
- 1,006* 

Females. 
2,106 

782 

2,888 

Total. 
3.986 
3.448 

7.484 

Secofid  Qttarter, 
Excess  of  births  over  deatlis 
Excess  of  emigration  over  immigration 

1.930 
-378* 

1.552 

2.067 
807 

3,779 
-1,384' 

Increase  during  quarter 

843 

2,395 

Third  Quarter. 

Excess  of  births  over  deaths 

Excess  of  immigration  over  emigration 

1,756 
898 

3,813 
1.705 

Increase  during  quarter 

2.654 

1,935 
3,396 

2.864 

5.518 

Fourth  Quarter. 

Excess  of  births  over  deaths 

Excess  of  immigration  over  emigration 

2.108 
2.137 

4,043 
5,533 

Increase  during  quarter 

5.331 

4.245 

9.576 

Year  1905. 

Excess  of  births  over  deaths 

Excess  of  immigration  over  emigration 

7,420 
5,954 

8,201 
3,348 

11,549 

15,621 
9.303 

Total  increase  during  1905 

•  Decrease. 

13.374 

24.923 

As  to  the  increase  of  arrivals  over  departures,  it  will  be  seen 
Lliat  the  December  quarter  is  by  far  the  largest  proportion  of  the 
four  (5,583  persons).  Tlie  March  quarter  comes  next  with  3,448 
persons,  then  the  September  quarter  with  1,705  persons,  while 
June  quarter  shows  a  loss  of  1,3S4  persons.  The  increase  by  births 
over  deatlis  is  also  greatest  in  the  December  quarter,  the  numbers 
for  the  others  being  nearly  equal. 

The  movement  of  population  since  1885  is  given  in  the  next  table. 
Although  the  large  increase  in  1893  by  excess  of  arrivals  over  de- 
partures was  not  maintained  during  the  nine  following  years,  the 
arrivals  in  the  colony  nevertheless  exceeded  the  departures  in  each 
of  these  years,  and  the  total  excess  of  arrivals  for  the  fourteen-year 
period  1892-1905  inclusive  is  found  to  be  74,602  persons,  drawn 
from  other  colonies  or  countries. 


POPULATION. 


457 


The  excess  of  arrivals  in  the  colony  during  the  year  1905  over 
the  departures  will  be  seen  from  the  table  to  have  been  somewhat 
less  than  that  for  1904.  For  1901,  the  figures  are  6,522  ;  for 
1902,  7,992;  for  1903,  11,275;  for  1904,  10,355;  and  for  1905,  the 
number  is  9,302.  Comparing  these  results  with  those  for  1900, 
when  the  excess  of  arrivals  was  only  1,831,  a  substantial  annual 
gain  in  population  coming  from  abroad  is  shown. 

In  five  years  New  Zealand  has  secured  45,446  persons,  mostly 
from  Australia  and  the  Home-country,  after  deducting  from  the 
total  arrivals  all  those  who  departed  outwards. 

So  far  as  can  be  ascertained  the  United  Kingdom  only  furnished 
1  J, 563  of  the  above  large  number  added  to  New  Zealand  for  the 
rive  years,  while  Austraha  shows  as  contributing  35,045,  partly  in 
consequence  of  the  great  depression  on  account  of  the  late  drought. 
But  the  full  number  from  the  United  Kingdom  is  not  ascertainable, 
and  Australia  is  credited  with  more  than  the  actual  fact.  The 
figures  for  other  places  show  a  loss  to  New  Zealand  of  1,162 
persons. 


1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 


Estimated 
Population 

,            Increase  during  the  Tear 

Centesimal 
Increase 

1 

Year. 

on  the 

3l8t 

IBy  Excess  of 
1      Births 
over  Death  & 

1 

By  Excess  of 
Arrivals 

Net 

on 

Population 

of 

Previous  Year 

December. 

over 
Departures.* 

Increase. 

575,172 

13,612 

-2,744t 

10,868 

1-93 

589,386 

13,164     . 

603,361 

12,998     1 

607,380 
616,052 

13,194     1 
12,685     ; 

-  -17,194f 

58,886 

10-24 

625,508 

12,284 

634,058 

11,755     ' 

650,433 

11.417     1 

4.958 

16,375 

2-58 

672,265 

11.420     1 

10,412 

21,832 

8-36 

686,128 

,     11,610 

2,253 

13,863 

206 

698,706 

,     11,683 

895 

12,578 

1-83 

714,162 

12,180     ' 

1,472 

13,652 

1-95 

729,056 

12,142     ' 

2,752 

14,894 

209 

743,463 

:     11,711 

2,696 

14,407 

198 

756,505 

'     11.155     1 

1,887 

13,042 

1-75 

768,278 

12,346 

1,831 

14,177 

1-87 

787,657 

12,857     , 

6,522 

19,379 

252 

807,929 

:     12,280 

7,992 

20,272 

2-57 

832,505 

13,301 

11,275 

24,576 

304 

857,539 

14,679 

10,3.'55 

25,034 

301 

882,462 

15,621     . 

9,302 

21,923 

291 

*  Corrected  where  necessary  in  accordance  with  census  results.  The  amount  of  loss 
by  departures  in  the  period  1886-91,  though  correct  in  the  aggregate,  cannot  be  allo- 
cated with  exactness  to  the  respective  years.  \  Loss. 

The  net  gain  to  this  country  for  1905  appears  as  3,699  i^er^oni^ 
from  United  Kingdom,  and  5,765  from  AuatxaVia,  vi\\\\^  \^1  ^«^x<^- 


468 


Nam     tEAUASD    OFFIOIAL    TBAH-BOOK 


Bents  th^  aet  loss  to  other  places.  But  here  again  the  gam  from 
Australia  is  given  somewhat  too  high,  ami  that  from  the  Home- 
country  too  low. 

The  absorption  of  9,302  persons  durint?  the  year  from  overseas 
must  certainly  be  considered  a  very  satisfactory  result,  though  ihe 
number  is  not  so  great  as  that  for  1904.  Another  satisfactory 
feature  is  that  t)ie  figures  showing  net  excess  of  arrivals  direct 
from  the  United  Kingdom  are  higher  for  1905  (3,699)  than  for  1904 
(2.720). 

Arrivals  and  Departures  durinq  1905. 

The  number  of  persons  who  arrived  in  the  colony  in  the  year 
1905  was  32,685,  an  merease  of  53  on  the  number  for  the  pre* 
vioni^  year.  Of  the  arrivals  in  1905,  29,147  persons  were  classi- 
fied as  adults,  being  above  the  age  of  twelve  years,  and  3,538  as 
children.  The  total  number  of  males  was  21,314  and  of  females 
11,34L  The  arrivals  from  the  United  Kingdom  numbered  5,553, 
and  from  Auatraha  25,132,  Besides  these,  468  persons  came  from 
Fiji,  and  1,532  from  the  South  Seas  and  other  porta»  including 
arrivals  by  mail- steamers  from  San  Francisco. 

Citissified  in  respect  of  birthplace,  it  is  found  that  12,537  of  the 
rrivals  were  persons  born  in  Australasia,  18,704  in  the  United 
Hngdom,  and  130  in  other  British  possessions.  Of  1,314  persons 
born  in  foreign  countiies  who  arrived  during  1905,  171  were  bom 
in  Germany,  265  in  Austria,  121  in  France,  253  in  the  United 
States,  56  in  Denmark,  19  in  Sweden,  28  in  Norway.  8  in  Greece, 
60  in  Italy,  15  in  Switzerland,  3  in  Turkey,  1  in  Holland,  5  id 
Poland,  12  in  Eussia,  9  in  Belgium,  5  in  Spain,  and  293  in  other 
countries  (Roumtinia,  Finland,  Hungary,  Montenegro,  Arabia, 
China,  Japan.  Pacific  Islands,  Syria,  and  Asia  Minor), 

Among  the  arrivals  in  1905  are  noticed  341  '*  race*aliens,"  or 
persons  of  other  than  European  descent.  Particulars  of  birtiiplace 
and  sex  are  as  under  : — ► 


Blrfch  place  > 
Asia  Minor     . . 
Obina 
Syria 
Fiji  .» 

Captj  Colon)   . . 
India 

Pacific  Is  I  an  da 
Japan 
Arabia 

Total 


M. 

F, 

Total 

4 

1 

5 

224 

15 

239 

6 

0 

e 

11 

3 

14 

1 

0 

1 

2i 

10 

S4 

36 

4 

40 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

808 


33 


341 


AKKIVALH    AND    DEFAHTUBEB. 


459 


The  practice  of  iiominatiug  immigrants  to  be  brought  out  partly 
at  the  Govern meut  expense  has  been  discontinued  since  the  16th 
December,  1890,  and  there  was  no  Iree  immigration  in  the  year 
1905.  Certain  reductioos  io  fares  are,  however,  arranged  by  the 
High  Commissioner  with  the  shipping  companies  for  men  with 
moderate  means  who  intend  to  settle  in  the  colony,  and  the 
sum  of  £5,000  was  voted  by  Parliament  in  1905  for  assistance  by 
way  of  reduced  fares  for  passages  of  intemhng  settlers  to  the 
colony.  Besides  this,  tlie  sum  of  £800  was  appropriated  to  passfbges 
for  separated  families,  &c. 

The  aiTangenients  indicatei3  enable  farmers  and  others  possessed 
of  a  small  capital  to  obtain  passages  from  the  United  Kingdom  to 
New  Zealand  at  £10  per  adult.  The  question  of  the  suitability  of 
any  applicant  is  decided  by  the  High  Commissioner  in  London,  and 
the  passage-money  must  be  paid  to  his  officers. 

Two  hundred  and  thirty- nine  Chinese  (224  men  and  16  women) 
arrived  in  the  colony  during  1905,  and  187  (all  men)  left,  the  arrivals 
thus  exceeding  the  departures  by  -52. 

The  total  departures  in  1905  were  23,383  persona,  being  1,106 
more  than  in  1904.  Thus*  the  movement  of  population  to  and 
from  the  colony  is  found  to  have  been  greater  than  in  the  previous 
year. 

The  departures  trom  the  colony  by  the  Union  Steamship  Com- 
pany's boats,  as  given  through  the  Customs  Department,  are  checked 
by  special  returns  kindly  furnished  by  the  pursers  of  the  steamers, 
and,  where  persons  who  did  not  book  their  passages  have  beeo 
omitted,  the  necessary  additions  are  made.  The  pursers'  returns 
also  serve  to  prevent  the  occasmnal  omission  of  the  full  number 
of  persons  leaving  by  any  one  vessel,  which  sometimes  liad  hap- 
pened previous  to  the  introduction  of  this  check.  Unless  more 
passengers  are  at  any  time  of  great  pressure  taken  away  from 
New  Zealand  than  can  lawfully  be  carried,  the  returns  of  outgo  of 
population  should  prove  fairly  correct,  and  indeed  the  last  census 
fthows  that  the  estimated  population  even  after  five  years'  interval 
was  a  very  close  approximation  to  the  truth. 

Of  the  departures  in  1905,  21,632  persons  were  over  twelve  years 
of  age,  and  1,751  children.  Nearly  twice  as  many  males  left  the 
colony  as  females,  the  numbers  being  15,890  and  7,993  respectively. 
The  departures  to  the  United  Kingdom  amounted  to  1,854  persons, 
and  those  to  Australia  numbered  19,367.  Besides  these,  648  per- 
&oas  left  for  Fiji,  anil  1,514  for  other  ports  (including  passengers  for 
San  Francisco). 

In  1891  the  coioii)  lu^i  population  by  excess  of  departures  over 
arrivals p  but  m  each  of  the  yeius  1892  to  1905,  inclusive,  New 
Zealand  has  drawn  to  itself  more  population  than  it  has  parted 
with* 


460 


NVW    ZMALAlfD  OFFICIAL   TBAB*BO0K. 


The  Board  of  Trade,  London,  publishes  the  total  emigratifl 
(rom  the  United  Kingdom  to  Australasia  as  a  whole.  By  the  figiirea 
given  tt  will  be  seen  that  there  was  from  1893  an  annual  decrease 
in  the  number  of  persons  coining  to  these  colonies  from  the  Home 
country  until  1897,  when  the  number  somewhat  increased.  Prior 
to  1893  the  arrivals  from  the  United  Kingdom  ranged  from  44,055 
in  1886  down  to  16,183  in  1892.  Alongside  of  the  Imperial  retnrof 
of  departures  to  Australasia  are  shown  in  the  following  statement 
the  arrivals  in  New  Zealand  direct  from  the  United  Kingdom, 
taken  from  our  own  returns,  which  numbers  are  short  of  the  full 
total  of  persons  coming  here  from  England  by  the  arrivals  trid 
Australia  or  the  United  States  of  America  But,  using  the  infomiA* 
tion  available,  it  seeuis  evident  that  New  Zealand  has  been  preferred 
to  Australia,  from  the  high  proportion  which  the  arrivals  here 
(direct)  bear  to  every  hundred  of  departures  from  Eogland  for 
Australasia. 

So  long  as  New  Zealand  can  secure  one-siitth  or  more  of  the 
total  persons  leaving  England  for  Australasia,  she  takes  more  than 
the  proportion  her  population  bears  to  that  of  the  six  States  and 
New  Zealand  collectively. 


Emtgr&tiou 

Arriv*]ii  in  New 

Arrivals  in  K«w 
Zeal  Mid  vor 

Au»tr                       si 

Uniit                  a. 

Yofti. 

ttom  United 
Kinffdom 

Z«*Und  direct 
from  l^aited 

to  Ausur*t«ai*. 

Kiogdom. 

1693 

* 

11,412 

2.929 

25*67         1 

1894 

11,151 

2,846 

25-5«          * 

1895 

10,809 

2.365 

21*88 

1890 

10,710 

1,9.56 

18*36 

1897 

12,3U6 

2,724 

21-97 

1898 

11,020 

2,598 

23  58 

1S99 

12/263 

1,918 

16-63 

19U0 

15.723 

2,314 

U-7t 

1901 

I5.7rj4 

2,56$ 

16-27 

1903 

14,67.5 

3,474 

23-67 

1908 

12,376 

3.547 

ii8'2l 

1004 

•  •                                            ,   m 

13,910 

4,654 

8346 

Census,  1906. 

Tlie  popultLtion  of  the  colon)  (exclusive  of  Maoris),  tis  returned 
in  the  census  schedules  for  the  uight  of  the  29th  April,  1906, 
was  888,57t)  persons,  of  whom  2,570  were  Chinese,  and  2.578  half- 
castes  living  atoongfit  and  as  Europeans. 

A  census  of  the  Maori  population  was  taken  during  April 
of  1906,  when,  according  to  preliminary  returns  made  by  the  enu- 
merators, the  number  of  the  Native  race  was  found  to  be  47.731 
persons,  including  3.938  half-castes  living  as  Maoris.  211  Maori 
women  wera  returned  as  married  to  European  husbands.  Tlie 
complete  population  (Euiopean,  Maori,  and  residents  of  Cook  and 
other  annexed  Pacific  Islands)  of  the  colony  was  therefore  948,64^ 


0BNBU8.  461 

persons,   as  exhibited   in   the   following  statement,    specifying   the 
numbers  for  each  sex  : — 

Popalation  (exclusive  of  persons  of  the  ab- 
original native  race,  of  mixed  European  and 
Native  blood,  and  Chinese) 

Half-castes  and  persons  of  mixed  race  living 
as  and  among  Europeans 

Chinese 

Aboriginal  natives  (including  211  Maori  wives 
of  Europeans) 

Half-castes  and  persons  of  mixed  race  living 
among  and  as  members  of  Maori  tribes    . . 


Total  (exclusive  of  annexed  Pacific 
islands) 

Population  of  Cook  and  other  annexed  Pacific 
Islands 

Total  population  on  29th  April,  1906 


PersouB. 

Males. 

Females. 

883,430 

467,186 

416,244 

2,678 
2,570 

1,307 
2,615 

1,271 
56 

48,798 

23,387 

20.406 

3,938 

2,161 

1.787 

936,809» 

496,546 

439,763 

12,840t 

6,^224 

6,116 

948,649 

602,770 

446,879 

iwo      itish  men-of-war. 

f  Bxolud- 

*  Not  incIadlDR  601  persons,  offloers  and  crews  of  two 
Ing  776  absentees  at  labour  abroad. 

The  total  half-caste  or  mixed  European  and  Maori  population 
on  the  main  islands  of  the  colony  was  6,516  persons.  The  number 
of  half-caste  Maoris  living  among  Europeans  increased  since  1901 
by  171,  or  at  the  rate  of  710  per  cent.  In  that  year  the  number  of 
Maori  wives  of  Europeans  was  196;  in  1906  it  was  211.  The 
Chinese  decreased  from  2,857,  at  the  time  of  the  census  of  1901, 
to  2,570  in  April,  1906,  or  at  the  rate  of  1005  per  cent.,  caused 
mainly  by  the  excess  of  departures  over  arrivals. 

The  Maori  population  fell  from  41,993  in  1891  to  39,854  in  1896, 
increased  to  43,143  in  1901,  and  further  to  47,731  in  1906,  according 
to  the  returns. 

The  increase  on  the  total  European  population  between  March, 
1901,  and  April,  1906,  amounted  to  115,859  persons,  or  a  rate  of 
14*99  per  cent.  Between  the  census  of  1896  and  that  of  1901 
the  numerical  increase  was  69,359  persons,  or  986  per  cent. 
The  average  annual  increase  in  the  period  1901-1906  was  at  the 
rate  of  2*79  per  cent. 

The  population  of  the  principal  divisions  of  the  colony  on  29th 
April,  1906,  was— 

North  Island  and  adjacent  islets  (exclusive        ^®"**""-  ***^"-  F-^ales 

of  Maoris)  476,732        266,057        221,676 

Hiddle  Island  and  adjacent  islets  (exclusive 

of  Maoris)  411,340        216,641         196,699 

Stewart  Island  (exclusive  of  Maoris)  . .  304  198  Hi 

Dhatharo  Islands  (exclusive  of  Maoris)         ..  197  114  83 

Cermadeo  Islands  6  8  2 


Total  for  the  colony  (exclusive  of  Maoris)        888,678        471,008        417,670 


462 


NKW    SKALAMU    OFFICIAL    YKAR-BOOK. 


Proportion  of  the  Sbzbs  and  Densitt  of  PopuDiATIon. 

The  gradual  equalisation  of  the  numbers  of  the  sexes  and  growing 
density  of  population  and  dwellings  in  the  colony  ore  alluded  to  in 

a  further  table. 


Date  of 
BnumeratioD. 

December,  1861 
February,    1871 
April,  1881 
April,  1891 
March,  1901    . . 
April,  1906      . . 


Number  of 
Females  to 
100  Malen. 

62-16 
70-52 
81-72 
88-26 
90-88 
88-66 


N  amber  of 
FerBons  to  a 
Square  Mile. 

0-944 
2-456 
4-698 
6024 
7-427 
8-541 


Nomber  of 

Persona  to 

an  Inhabited 

Dwelling. 

4*42 

4-48 

6-12 

606 

4-86 

4-82 


Namberof 

Inhabited 

Dwelliiigs  to 

a  Square  Uilt. 

0-214 
0-546 
0-917 
1191 
1-527 
1-778 


Incrbahb  of  Population  at  Successive  Cbnbusbb. 

The  increase  of  population  of  European  descent  at  successive 
census  periods  has  been  : — 


Date  of  Enumeration. 

Fopulation. 
PersonR. 

Nnmerical  Increase. 
Persons. 

Centesimal 
Increase. 

December 

,  1858 

59,418 

89,608 

89-99 

- 

1861 

99,021 

78.137 

73-86 

• 

1804 

172.168 

46.610 

2701 

• 

1867 

218,668 

37,726 

17-25 

February, 

1871 

256,893 

43.121 

16-82 

March, 

1874 

299,514 

114,898 

38-86 

• 

1878 

414,412 

76.521 

18-22 

April, 

1881 

489,988 

88.549 

18-07 

March, 

1886 

578,482 

48.176 

8-33 

April, 

1891 

626,658 

76.702 

12-24 

• 

189(> 

703,360 

69.359 

9-86 

March, 

1901 

772,719 

115,869 

14-99 

April, 

1906 

888,578 

Populations  of  Pkovincial  Districts. 

These  are  stated  as  iu  April,  1906,  and  at  the  previous  cen- 
sus. Wellington  stands  first  for  rate  of  progress  with  an  increase 
of  21  25  per  cent,  in  five  years,  Auckland  conies  next  with  2006  per 
cent.,  Ilawke's  Bay  third  with  19'25.  Taranaki  fourth  with  14*65 
per  cent..  Nelson  following  with  12*15  per  cent.,  Canterbury  next 
with  11-23  per  cent.  Marlborough  shows  an  increase  of  nearly 
8  per  cent.,  wiiile  Otago  as  a  whole  advanced  by  4*52  per  cent., 
though  the  Southland  portion  of  the  province  shows  the  much 
higher  rate  of  11  -23  per  cent. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  BOKOUOHK. 


468 


Provincial  Dittriote. 

Populatioo. 
March,  1901. 

Populatiou, 
April,  1906. 

Increase. 

1 

Numerical 

Centesimal 

PerflODS. 

Persons. 

Persons. 

Auckland  . . 

175,938 

211,223 

35,285 

20-06 

Taranaki  . . 

37,855 

43,399 

5,644 

14-65 

Hawke's  Bay 

36.424 

42,242 

6,818 

19-26 

Wellington 

141,364 

179.868 

38,614 

27-26 

Marlborough 

13.326 

14,368 

1,042 

7-82 

Nelson 

37,916 

42,622 

4,607 

12-15 

WeHtland  . . 

14,606 

14,674 

168 

116 

Canterbury 

143,041 

169,106 

16,065 

11-23 

Otago— 

Otago  portion 

125,339 

127,877 

2,638 

202 

Southland  portion 

47.806 

63.097 

6,291 

1107 

Oiatham  Inlands    . . 

207 

197 

-10' 

-4-83' 

Kermadeo  Islands  . . 

8 

6 

-3* 

-37-60' 

Totals 

772,719 

888,678 

115,869 

14-99 

♦  Decrease. 

Population  op  Counties  and  Bobouqhs. 

New  Zealand  is,  by  "The  Counties  Act,  1876,"  divided  into 
counties  and  boroughs,  excepting  certain  outlying  islands,  which 
are  not  within  county  boundaries.  It  is  provided  by  the  above- 
mentioned  Act  that  boroughs  shall  not  be  included  in  counties.  In 
April,  1906,  the  number  of  the  counties  was  97.  Of  these,  the 
North  Island  had  60,  with  a  population  amounting  altogether  to 
249,752  persons.  The  Middle  Island  had  35  counties,  the  population 
being  208,560  persons.  Stewart  Island  and  Chatham  Islands  are 
counties  in  themselves,  and  had  a  population  of  288  persons 
and  197  persons  respectively,  exclusive  of  persons  on  shipboard. 
The  names  and  populations  of  the  various  counties  in  the  colony, 
with  their  interior  boroughs  set  opposite,  were  as  under  at  the 
date  of  the  enumeration  : — 


COONTIKS. 

Census. 
1906. 

Boroughs. 

Gensui 
1906. 

MangoDui 

2,801 

Whangaroa 

801 

Hokianga            

2,514 

On  shipboard  ... 

51 

Bay  of  Islands    ... 

...        2,692 

On  shipboard  ... 

4 

Hobson  ... 

5.424 

On  shipboard  .. 

68 

Whanearei         

On  sTiipl)oard ... 

7,306 

Whangarei          

2.115 

as 

On  shipboard 

14 

Otamatea 

2.921 

On  shipboard  ... 

U 

Rodnev               

On  shipboard ... 

4,1W 

6 

Waiteuiata 

7,949 

Birkenhead        

1.266 

On  shipboard... 

13 

Devonport 

..        6,073 

On  shipboard ... 

.H2 

Eden      

...      26,6^5 

Qrev  l.ynii 

6,883 

Auckland 

87.736 

On  shipboard... 

765 

Parnell 

6,953 

Newmarket 

2.842 

Onebunsa 
Ou  shipboard... 

8,0P8 

60 

Manukau 

...      J3,4A0 

Coromandel 

2,841 

On  ehipboard... 

84 

Tbanaes... 

4,286 

Thames ... 

^W 

On  Bbipbotwd... 

21 

On  shipbotxd 

464 


NBW    BBALAMD   OPFICIAIi    TBAR-BOOK. 


Counties. 

Ohiuemari 

On  shipboard 
Pi&ko  ... 
Waikato... 
Waipa  ... 
Raglau  ... 
Kawhia  ... 
Awakino 

On  shipboard 
Waitomo 
West  TaiiiK) 
East  Taupo 
Rotorua... 
Tauran^'a 

On  Hhipl>oard 
Whakataiie 

On  8hip1>oard . 
Opotiki... 

Oo  Rliipboard  . 
Waispti  ... 

On  RhiplK>ard  . 
Cook 

Wairoii 
Hawke'h  Hay 


Clifton   ... 

On  shipboard... 
Taranakl 

On  Hhipboard  ... 

Eginont ...  ■ 

Stratford 
Hawera  ... 

Patea      ... 
Waitotara 

On  Hhi]>board    . 
Wanpmul 
Waiiiiarino 
Ran({itikoi 
Kiwitua  ... 
Oroua     ... 
Kairan^ii 
P(ihaii(<iDa 
Manawatu 

Horowhcnua 
Will  paw  a 
Woo  Ivillo 
PHtaii^ata 
Wt'ber     ... 
PMliiatua 
.\kitio     ... 
Castlupoiut 
Kketaiiima 
Maiiricfvillb 
Ma^tcrton 
South  Wnirarapa 
Foatliorston 
Hutt        


Houuda  ... 

On  Hhipl>oard  . 
MarlhoroiJKh 

On  8>iipboard 


Kaikoura 
Oollingwood 

Ou  ahipboard 
Takaka  ... 

Oo  shipboard  . 


Oensos, 
1906. 
5.805 
40 
3.761 
4.533 
4.849 

688 

389 

8 

1.396 

1.397 

500 

3,6-.7 

1,999 

8 

1.015 

1 

1.679 

31 

85H 

12 

7,173 

a.is6  I 

7.700    I 

•-».H»7 

2 

8,4A6 

153 

2,885 
5.912 
8.009    I 

3,123    1 
4.164 
43 

4.  KM 
•2,787 
9.511 
3,0:i4 
3.ri»8 
3,f*il 
1,797 
4.007 

.■i.:m 
9.011 
2.030 
i.843 

3.07*2 
1  .IVM 
561 
2,738 
I. ••89 
3,7'23 
•2,734 
3,470 
7.259 


BoaouoBs. 


Waihl    ... 

Ta  Aroha 
Hamilton 
Cambrl<l||« 


I    Tai 


auranga  . 

Oathlpboard. 


Qisbome 
On  shipboard 

Napier 

On  shipboard . 
Hastings 


New  Ply  month.  . 

Inglewood 

Waitara 

Stratford 
Hawera 
Rltham  ... 
Patea     ... 
Wanganui 


Feilding 

Paluierston  North 

Koxton  ... 

On  shipboard 
Levin 

Daiinevirke 
Wood  villa 


Pahiattia 


1,U98 
5 

7.2H7 
10 


1,141 


.Mahtertou 
Carterton 
Greytown 
Wellington 

On  shipboard . 
OnRlow  ... 
Karori  ... 
Potone   ... 
lioww  Hutt 
Miramar 
Eastbourne 


Hlenhoiu) 

On  shipboard.. 
Picton    ... 

On  sliip)x>ard  . 


1906. 
5.SM 

1.100 
9.150 
l.SH 


1.047 
T 


5.664 
3S 


9.454 

907 

4.S94 


5,141 

i.ia 

968 

3,19T 
2.15S 
1,339 
869 
8,175 


2.971 
10.339 

l.XA 
14 
1.955 
3.M0 
1,110 


1,370 


5,096 
1.403 
1.123 
68.563 
6b7 
2.096 
9.194 
5.893 
3,4t)7 


3,351 

19 

995 

19 


POPOLATION    OF   COUNTIES   AND   BOitODOHS. 


465 


GOUMTIB8. 

Waimea 


Bailer    ... 

On  shipboard . 
Inangabua 
Grey 


Westlaod 


Amari  ... 
Cheviot ... 
Ashley    ... 

Selwyn  ... 
On  shipboard . 


Akaroa  ... 
Mount  Herbert  . 
Ashburtou 
Geraldiue 

Lievels    ... 

Ifackensie 

Waimate 

Waitaki... 


Waihemo 
Waikoaaiti 


PeuiDBula 
Taleri     ... 


Brace     ... 
Taapeka 

Clatha  ... 

Maniototo 
Vincent... 

Lake       ... 

On  shipboard . 
Southland 


Wallace 

Fiord     

Steward  Mmnd ... 
Od  gbipboard ... 
Cbmibmm  Wsuadg 


Censas, 
1906. 

BOBOUOHB. 

7.785 

Motueka.* 

On  iiblpbotMrd 

• 

liichmoad 

Kelson   ... 

On  «bipb<»ard.  . 

6,458 

Wefttport 

10 

On  ahjpbi>ard  . 

4.638 

6,602 

Bruuner 

Grey  mouth 

On  shipboard... 

4.117 

Hokitika 

On  shipboard ... 

Ross       

1,406 

1.605 

11.306 

Kaiapoi 

Rangiora 

34.378 

Lyttelton 

S 

On  shipboard ... 

Christchurch     ... 

New  Brighton    ... 

Woolston 

Bumner 

8,155 

Akaroa 

470 

11.541 

Ashbarton 

5,027 

Teuiuka 

Oeraldine 

6.584 

Timaru  ... 

On  shipboard  ... 

1.939 

6,510 

Waimate 

9.613 

Oamaru 

On  shipboard  ... 

Hampden 

1.806 

Palmers  ton  South 

4.119 

Hawksbury 

Port  t  tiH-tuierH  .... 

On  Bhipboard.,. 

NortheiAifl  VaU«v 

Maori  Hill 

West  Harbour    .. 

9,477 

6.882 

Ouuedin 

On  shipboard  ... 

Roslyn 

Mornington 

St.  Hilda 

Green  Island     ... 

Mosgiel 

4.675 

Milton 

Knitangata 

6.113 

Lawrence 

Roxburch 

Tapanui 
Balclutha 

6.174 

On  shipboard ... 

3,004 

Naseby 

4.300 

Cromwell 

Alexandra 

2.103 

Arrow  town 

7 

Queenstown 
Gore 

24.424 

Mataura 

Winton 

Invercargill 

Invercargill  North 

Invercargill  South 

Invercargill  East 

Avenal    ... 

Gladstone 

Canipbelltown  ... 

On  shipboard ... 

8,815 

Biverton 

54 

On  BhipboAXd ... 

288 

16 

197 

Gensas, 

1906. 

1.068 

2 

651 

8.164 

59 

8,642 

815 

1.133 

4.669 

213 

2.224 

6 

919 

573 


1,804 
1,728 
3,941 

451 
49.928 
1.132 
2,900 
1.181 

557 

2,563 
1.661 

942 
7,615 

72 

1.637 

6.071 

49 

379 

772 

698 

2.120 

91 

4.378 

1,686 

1,515 

36.070 

160 

6,438 

4,150 

2.579 

703 

1.617 

1,284 

1.682 

1.106 

479 

370 

1.161 

2 

418 

671 

936 

340 

665 

3,033 

1.023 

456 

7.299 

973 

2.272 

1,038 

424 

601 

1,472 

568 

9U 


466 


N8W    KKALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAK-BOOK. 


The  total  county  population  amounted  to  458,797,  or  51*63  per 
cent,  of  the  total  for  the  colony.  In  counties  are  included  all 
towns  not  constituted  municipal  boroughs;  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  people  living  in  many  of  the  boroughs  can  hardly 
be  called  town  population.  The  population  in  boroughs  was 
424,614  persons,  or  47*79  per  cent,  of  the  whole.  For  every 
100  persons  resident  in  counties  in  1906  there  were  92*55  residing 
in  boroui;lis.  in  1901  the  counties  had  417.596  persons,  and  the 
boroughs  350,202,  or,  iti  other  words,  for  every  100  persons  in 
counties,  84  were  residents  of  the  boroughs.  Thus  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  proportion  of  the  town  to  the  county  population 
was  greater  in  1906  than  in  1901. 

Chief  Cities  and  Suburbs. 

The  Cities  of  Auckland,  Christchurch,  and  Dunediu  have  cod- 
siderable  suburbs.  The  suburban  population  of  Wellington  is  com- 
paratively small.  The  following  gives  the  names  and  populations 
of  the  several  localities,  as  at  the  date  of  the  census  (1906),  which 
might  fairly  be  termed  suburbs  of  the  four  principal  cities  at  that 

time: — 

Auckland  and  Suburbs  (April,  1906). 


Populatioo. 

Boroughs— 

CentuB.  I»i6 

Birkenhead 

1,266 

Devonport 

5,073 

Newmarket 

2.842 

(7rey  Lynn 

5.882 

Parnell    . . 

5.253 

Road  Districts- 

Arch  Hill 

1.952 

Eden  Terrace 

2,338 

Epsom     .. 

1,5'Jl 

Moimt  Albert 

3,583 

Mount  Kden 

6,888 

Mount  Rofikill 

883 

One  tree  Hill 

1.915 

Pdint  Chevalier 

9()2 

Remuera 

3.082 

Northcote  Riding      . . 

1,116 

Outlymg  portion   of  Parnell   Riding,   being  land  in 

the 

Domain  with  hoHpital  on  it . . 

299 

Total  suburbs 

..     44,365 

Auckland  City 

..     37,736 

Total  Auckland  and  suburbs  (April,  1906) 


82,101 


WELLIN3TON   AND    SUBURBS    (APRIL,    1906 


Boroughs  — 
Onslow    . 
Karori 
Miraniar 


Total  suburbs 
Wellington  City    . . 

Total  Wellington  and  aabatba  (April,  1906) 


PopuUtioQ, 
CeoBiis.  1906. 

2,098 

2,194 

952 


5,244 
58,563 

63.807 


OHIBF  OITIBB  AND   BUBUBBB. 
Ohbibtohurch  and  Suburbs  (Apbil,  1906) 


467 


Boroughs — 

New  Brighton 

Woolston 
Road  Districts— 

Spreydon 

Halflwell  (part) 

Riccarton  (part) 

Avon  (part) 

Heathcote  (part) 


Total  suburbs 
Ghristohurch  City 


Populatiou. 

Census,  1906. 
1,132 
2.900 

2,832 
107 
4,981 
3,131 
3,367 

.  17,950 
.  49,928 


Total  Ghristohurch  and  suburbs  (April,  1906)       67,878 


DUNSDIN   AMD   SUBUBBS   (APRIL,   1906). 


Boroughs- 
Maori  Hill 
Mornington 
North-east  Valley 
Roslyn 
St.  Kilda 
West  Harbour 

Total  suburbs 
Dunedin  City 


Popalation, 
GensQS,  1906. 

1,886 
4,154 
4,378 
5,438 
2,579 
1,515 


Total  Dunedin  and  suburbs  (April,  1906) 


19,950 
86,070 

56.020 


The  increase  of  population]  for  ten  years  prior  to  the  census  of 
1906  at  the  four  chief  centres,  with  their  suburbs,  was : — 


GeuBUs, 

Census, 

Numerical  Increase 

1896. 

19U6. 

Increase. 

per  Cent. 

Auckland  and  suburbs 

.     57,616 

82.101 

24,485 

42-50 

Wellington  and  suburbs 

.     41,758 

63,807 

22,049 

52-80 

Christohurch  and  suburbs 

.     51,330 

67,878 

16,548 

32-24 

Dunedin  and  suburbs 

m%               .1            i                 ?_? 1 

.     47,280 

56,020 

%.T            1  1          1 

8,740 
_  1       3    - 

18-48 
p "I 

Thus  the  two  principal  cities  of  the  North  Island  are  found  to 
have  progressed  between  1901  and  1906  at  a  greater  rate  than 
those  of  the  Middle  Island,  and  Wellington  in  particular  to  have 
developed  at  nearly  three  times  the  rate  of  Dunedin,  and  con- 
siderably faster  than  Christchurch. 

While  New  South  Wales  and  Victoria  present  what  is  termed  by 
the  statistician  of  the  former  State  "  the  disquieting  spectacle  of 
capital  towns  growing  with  wonderful  rapidity,  and  embracing 
in  their  limits  one-third  of  the  population  of  the  territory  of  which 
they  are  the  centre,"  New  Zealand  is  saved  from  this  by  the 
configuration  of  the  country,  which  has  resulted  in  the  formation 
of  four  chief  towns,  besides  others  of  secondary  importance  but 
nevertheless  trading  centres  of  considerable  consequence. 


468 


NBW    EBALAND   OPFlOiAL   TIAR-BOOK. 


Population  of  Town  Distbiotb. 

Besides  the  boroughs,  there  were  40  town  districts  (including 
bhe  special  town  district  of  Botorua,  constituted  under  "The 
Thermal-Springs  Districts  Act,  1881  *')  which  are  portions  of  the 
counties  in  which  they  are  situated.  One  only  of  these,  Hamp- 
stead,  has  more  than  1,000  inhabitants.  A  list  of  these  town  dis- 
tricts is  subjoined,  with  populations,  as  in  1906 : — 


Town  Dittrioto. 

^^ifo'S*'                    TownDtotrkite. 

^^ 

Kamo 

315    Taradale 

805 

Helengville    • . 

616    OrmoDdTille 

413 

Papakura 

..       359    Waipawa 

691 

Pukekohe 

390    Waipukarau  . . 

.      761 

Te  Awamuti.    . 

379    Kaikora  North 

.      268 

Kihikihi 

253    Eketahona    . . 

704 

Ngaruawahift 

388    Faatheraion  . . 

670 

Rotorua* 

. .    1,927    Martinboroagh 

.      637 

Opotiki 

683    JohnionviUa  . . 

781 

Opunake 

406    Havelook 

.       267 

RapoDga 

278    Amberlay 

.      341 

Normanby 

383    Southbridge  . . 

.       40S 

Manaia 

441  ,  Hampstead    . . 

.   1.286 

Waverlev 

471    Tinwald 

611 

Lethbridge 

..       245    Bay.. 

776 

Hunterville    . . 

646    Greytown 

181 

Buirs 

492    Ootram 

431 

Haloombe 

276    Clinton 

.      418 

Rongotea 

318    Wyndham 

53S 

Olyde  (Wairoa) 

707    Otautau 

554 

*  CouHtitated  under  "  The  Thermal-Springs  Districts  Aot,  1881." 


Population  of  Adjacent  Islands. 

The  nauies  and  populations  of  the  islands  adjacent  to  and  in- 
cluded in  the  colony  were,  in  April,  1906  : — 

Islands. 
Mokubinau  Lighthouse 
Tiritiri  Lighthouse 
Motuhora 
Qreat  Barriet 
Litilo  Barrier 
Kawau  . . 
Ponui    . . 
Ponui  Lighthouse 
Ruthe'fl 
Pakatoa 
Pahiki  .. 
Waiheke 

Week's  (Puketutu) 
Motuihi 

Bean  Rock  Lighthouse 
Motutapu 
Rakino  . . 
Rangitoto 


Total. 

M. 

F 

8 

4 

4 

8 

4 

4 

3 

1 

2 

312 

197 

115 

8 

1 

7 

26 

18 

8 

40 

18 

22 

1 

1 

7 

3 

4 

4 

2 

2 

3 

3 

.. 

163 

80 

83 

5 

1 

4 

5 

4 

1 

1 

1 

,. 

13 

8 

5 

3 

8 

8 

8 

POPULATION    OP 

ADJACENT    IBLANDB. 

iBlandB. 

Total. 

M 

F 

BrowD*8 

2 

1 

1 

Ouvier  and  LighthouBe     . 

6 

4 

2 

Rftkitu 

7 

4 

3 

Rangiahua 

6 

3 

3 

East  Island  Lighthouse    . 

7 

5 

2 

Portland  and  Lighthousr . . 

7 

3 

4 

Somes  and  Lighthouse     . 

6 

3 

2 

Stephen's 

16 

10 

6 

Brothers  Lighthouse 

8 

3 

Dog  Island  and  Lighthouse 

13 

6 

7 

Centre  and  Lighthouse 

10 

6 

4 

Chatham  Inlands* 

197 

114 

83 

Kermadec  Islands 

6 

3 

2 

Total 

897 

617 

380 

•Now 

a  county. 

469 


Only  three  of  these  islands  had  a  population  over  100  persons  at 
last  census.  Since  1901  the  boundaries  of  the  colony  have  been 
extended  to  include  the  Cook  and  certain  other  Pacific  islands,  the 
population  of  which  is  shown  elsewhere. 


PopuiiATioN  OF  Australasia. 

The  growth  of  population  in  Australasia  over  a  period  of  forty- 
five  years  is  shown  in  a  comparative  table.  The  total  for  Decem- 
ber, 1905,  being  4,939,223  persons,  is  greater  than  the  population 
of  Ireland  or  Scotland  for  1900,  and  one-seventh  part  of  the 
population  of  England  and  Wales  for  that  year.  Australasia  has 
now  twice  the  population  of  Denmark,  over  one-third  more  than 
Switzerland,  and  nearly  that  of  the  Netherlands. 


PersouH. 

Persons. 

Persons. 

Persons. 

Persons 

Persons. 

1860. 

1870. 

18«). 

1890. 

1901. 

1906. 

New  South  WalM)  ... 

»4tj,546 

408,659 

747.950 

1,121,860 

1,962.200 

1,496,060 

Victoria       

637,8«7 

726,599 

660,C67 

1.133,266 

1,201.506 

1,218.OT1 

Qaeensland 

88.006 

U5.567 

286,077 

892.966 

603.266 

626,048 

South  Australia      ... 

124,112 

183,797 

267,. '^73 

.'510,414 

362.604 

378.208 

Western  Australia  ... 

16,227 

25,084 

29,019 

46,290 

183,553 

254.779 

Tasmania    ... 

87,775 

100,765 

114,762 

145,290 

172,475 

181.106 

New  Zealand 

79.711 

248,400 

484.864 

625.506 

772,719 

882,462 

Australasia.. 

...    1,221.274 

1,896.871 

2,790.312 

3,7H4,693 

4.557.323 

4.989.823 

SECTION    XVIIL— REPKESENTATION,    AND    THE 
GENERAL   ELECTION    OF   1905. 

Rkprksektation  . 

The  coloTiy  is  now  (March,  1906)  divided  into  seventy-six  disiricto 
lor  purposes  of  European  representation,  having  one  metnber 
each.  The  boundaries  were  formed  on  ihe  basis  of  the  results 
of  the  census  of  1901.  The  Electoral  Act  of  1905  directs  that, 
in  computing  for  electoral  purposes  the  population  of  the  colony, 
28  per  cent,  should  he  added  to  the  country  population — i.e.,  all 
persons  living  outside  towns  of  2,000  inhabitants  and  over.  The 
total  population  of  the  colony  (other  than  Maoris),  with  the 
eiddition  aforesaid,  having  been  ascertaiued,  was  then  divided 
by  the  number  of  members  (76),  and  the  quotient  thus  ob- 
tained formed  the  quota.  Inasmuch  as  it  would  be  impossible 
to  divide  the  country  into  a  given  number  of  districts  all  having 
exactly  the  precise  quota  of  popnlaLion,  the  law  permits  the 
Commissioners  to  make  an  allowance  of  550  persons  by  way  of 
addition  to  or  deduction  from  the  population  of  rural  districts,  and 
of  100  in  case  of  city  electorates,  with  special  provision  for  districts 
where  the  population  is  partly  city  and  partly  rural,  so  that  more 
consideration  can  be  given  to  community  of  interest,  facilities  of 
communication,  and  topographical  features  in  constructing  the 
districts. 

But,  although  the  above  describes  the  state  of  affairs  as  uo^. 
the  present  electoral  districts  were  formed  in  accordance  with  the 
laws  in  force  prior  to  2nd  October,  1902,  when  the  allowance  by  way 
of  addition  to  or  deduction  from  the  population  of  rural  disincti 
was  1,250. 

Moreover,  ••  The  City  Single  Electorates  Act,  1903**  (now 
incorporated  in  the  principal  Act),  provided  that  the  exisuu^ 
electoral  districts  of  City  of  Auckland,  City  of  Wellington,  C\U 
of  Christchurch,  and  City  of  Dunedin  should  each  be  divided  iuio 
three  electoral  districts  returning  one  member  for  each  divn&ion 
4ind  these  districts  have  accordingly  been  divided. 

The  Act  provides  for  two  permanent  Commissions,  caiipa 
tlie  •*  North  "  and  **  South  "  Island  Representation  Coinmissious 
These  sit  together  as  a  joint  Commission  for  the  purpose  of  dxiug 
the  nundjer  of  districts  for  the  North  and  South  Islands  respec- 
tively, but  afterwards  act  separately  and  iutlependently  of  one 
another,  the  duties  and  functions  of  ea**.h  being  confined  to  their 
respective  Island. 


THB    ELECTORAL   LAW.  471 

The  North  Island  with  its  adjacent  islands  has,  consequent 
on  the  division  of  the  four  city  constituencies  above  referred 
to,  38  electoral  districts,  having  38  members ;  the  South  and 
Stewart  Islands  having  the  same ;  instead  of  there  being  34  districts 
and  38  members  for  each  Island.  In  1896  and  in  1899  the  North 
Island  returned  34  and  the  South  Island  36  members ;  but  in  1902 
six  new  rural  districts  were  created,  by  which  the  North  Island 
gained  four  and  the  South  Island  two  members. 

These  districts  are,  as  before  stated,  for  purposes  of  European 
representation.  But  the  colony  is  again  divided  into  four  districts 
for  purposes  of  Maori  representation,  under  the  electoral  law,  each 
district  having  one  Native  member  elected  by  the  Maoris ;  making 
the  House  of  Representatives  consist  of  80  members  altogether — 
76  Europeans  and  4  Maoris. 

The  census  is  the  only  means  of  ascertaining  correctly  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  people  throughout  the  country,  and  for  this  reason 
is  essential  to  the  work  of  dividing  the  colony  anew  into  electorates 
of  even  population.  The  internal  movement  of  the  people  cannot  be 
ascertained  correctly  except  by  a  census,  though,  when  a  country  is 
insular,  tiie  natural  increase  (excess  of  births  over  deaths)  added  to 
the  excess  of  arrivals  over  departures  gives  a  fairly  correct  estimate 
of  increase  of  population  for  the  whole  area. 

An  instance  of  the  efifect  of  the  census  in  adjusting  the  repre- 
sentation of  the  people  for  Parliament  is  afforded  by  the  figures 
relating  to  the  North  and  South  Islands  for  successive  census  years. 
The  elt-ctoral  districts  are  constituted  on  a  population  basis,  and  the 
results  show, — 

Noi*th  Island.  South  Island. 

At  the  censuR  of  1891         . .         30  members  40  members. 

189G         ..         31         .  39         . 

1901         ..         34         ,.  36         . 

1906         ..         38         .  38         . 

The  districts  will  be  again  defined  on  the  basis  of  the  results  of  the 
census  taken  in  April,  1906. 

The  Electoral  Law. 

By  the  Act  which  came  into  force  in  1893  the  great  step  was 
taken  of  admitting  women  to  the  franchise.  The  Amendment  Act 
of  1896  abolished  the  non-residential  or  property  qualification,  with 
a  saving  clause  in  favour  of  then-existing  registrations  in  respect  of 
such  qualification.  **  The  Electoral  Act,  1905,"  consolidates  the 
whole  of  the  electoral  laws,  and  amends  the  same  where  neces- 
sary. Electors  are  enrolled  on  sending  to  the  Registrar  a  claim  and 
declaration  according  to  a  prescribeci  form.  The  general  roll  in  every 
district  must  be  closed  on  16th  April  in  every  year,  and  after  the 
closing  of  the  general  roll  a  supplenieritary  roll  is  to  be  prepared  for 
each  district,  upon  wliich  the  Registrar  enters  the  names  of  all 
persons  whose  claims  for  enrolment  have  been  received  and  approved 


472 


NBW    2EAUAKD    OFFICIAL    TBAIt&OOK. 


by  him  after  the  closing  of  th^  general  rolL  It  is  the  duty  of  tlie 
Registrar  of  each  electoral  district  to  keep  the  rolls  revised  aod 
complete. 

Every  seaman  qualified  to  be  enrolled  as  an  elector,  and  havuig 
no  settled  residence  in  any  electoral  district,  may  be  enrolled  in 
the  district  comprising  any  port  where  the  ship  in  which  be  i^ 
engaged  usually  calls.  On  application,  a  seaman  uiay  obtaiQ  an 
elector's  right  enabling  him  to  vote  for  the  election  of  a  representative 
for  the  district  where  ha  is  enrolled.  He  may  exercise  such  voieii 
any  time  between  the  issue  of  the  writ  and  the  closing  of  the  poll  on 
the  polhng-day,  at  any  place  or  port  where  he  aiay  be  al  the  time, 
and  may  obtain  from  a  Collector  of  Customs  a  ballot-paper  for  the 
purpose  of  recording  such  vote.  The  right  shall  not  be  in  force  for 
any  period  exceeding  twelve  months,  but  may  be  renewed. 

An  elector  of  any  district  may,  at  any  time  up  to  the  issue  of  ihit 
writ*  obtain  from  the  Returning  Officer  a  voting-permit  authorising 
him  to  record  his  vote  at  any  polling-booth  outside  the  district  for 
which  he  is  enrolled,  but  only  in  respect  of  the  district  wherein  be  is 
enrolled. 

The  Act  provides  for  the  appointment  of  a  Chief  Electoral  Officer 
who  shall  be  charged  with  the  duty  of  carrying  the  Act  into  edeet, 
and  for  the  appointment  of  a  Deputy  Electoral  Officer  in  case  of  the 
unavoidable  abBenee  of  the  Chief  Electoral  Ofificer, 

The  Gbnbral  Election  of  1905, 
For   European   Representatives. 
[Polling-dA7,  6tb  December,  1905;  number  of  poUiag-plaoes,  2,105.] 
Dealing  with  the  population  of  both  sexes,  it  t3  found  that  the 
total  number  of  persons  on  the  roils  was  476,473.      The  number 
of  adult  persons  in  this  colony  is  not  available,  as  the  census  results 
are  not  yet  compiled  in  ages.     The  number  of  persons  who  voted, 
or  who  went  to  the  poll  was  396,657,  or  83*25  per  cent,  of  the 
number  on  the  rolls,  a  much  larger    proportion  than   obtained  b 
1902,  which  was  7669  per  cent. 


Dftte  of  Oeneral 
Election. 


I 

I  BstimAt«d 
I      Totikl 
Adult 


Kamb«r 

KoUi. 


Proportion 


I'ertons 
registered 
liB  Electors. 


I  who  vol«d. 


of  Pcmai 

obHoUi 

wliofo««4 


1893 
1896 
1899 
1909 
1905 


919,010 
356, G58 
886  ,U6 
499,385 


802*997 
3H9,230 
373,741 
415,789 
476,473 


94'98 
0511 
96-79 
96-83 
.1 


920,082 
258,254 

979,330 

318,859f 

390,657; 


75-2V 
761J 
77-5i)' 
76  69 
83  !i^ 


•  ISxcludiiiR  fibres  for  tbr»©  eleetorat«fl  in  whioh  lliere  w««  no 

t  Inclu(!inK  *.S74  informal  votes. 

;  IncliJcJJDg  o.lCH  informal  voteft. 

f  Wilt  Iw  ghown  by  renLiUn  *A  ccimup,  \«A.'w\i*n  «om\A\«A  m 


QBNEBAL   KLEGTION. 


478 


Dealing  with  men  only,  the  number  ou  the  rolls  was  263,597. 
The  males  who  voted  in  1905  were  221,611,  or  8407  per  cent,  of 
ihose  on  the  rolls,  against  78*44  per  cent,  in  1902. 


Date  of  General 
Election. 


1893 
1896 
1899 
190*2 
190/) 


I  Pioportion 

Estimated    m««,k-»  ^§  \   P®*"  Cent. 
T/^t-i         Number  of     ^  a^,,i* 


Total 
Adult 
Males. 


I 


I  179,539 

:  197,002 

i  214,773 

I  233,602 

i    ..s 


Men  on 
Rolls. 


193,636 
196,925 
210,629 
229,846 
263,597 


of  Adult 

Males 
registered 
as  Electors 


t 
99-96 
98-02 
98-39 


I 


Number 
who  * 
voted. 


129,792 
149.471 
159,780 
180,2941 
221, 611 J 


Proportion 

per  Cent. 

of  Males 

on  Bolls 

who  voted. 


69-61' 

76-90 

7906* 

78-44 

8407 


*  Excluding  figures  for  three  electorates  in  which  there  was  no  contest, 
f  The  number  on  the  rolls  was  in  excess  of  the  estimated  adult  male  population  at  the 
late  of  the  election. 

:  Including  informal. 

f  Will  be  shown  by  results  uf  censuH,  1906.  when  compiled  in  ages. 

The  number  of  women  who  voted,  175,046,  is  82-23  per  cent,  of 
the  females  on  the  rolls,  while  in  1902  there  were  138,565  who 
voted,  giving  the  lower  proportion  of  7452  per  cent.  ;  so  that 
(assuming  the  figures  to  be  correct)  there  is  evidence  of  a  greater 
willingness  now  on  the  part  of  the  females  to  go  to  the  poll. 


Date  of  General 
Election. 

! 

i  Estimated 

Total 
,       Adult 
1    Females. 
I 
1 

Number  of 
Women 
on  Rolls. 

Projiortion 
per  Cent, 
of  Adult 
Females 
registered 

as  Electors. 

Number 
who        ' 
voted. 

Proportion 
per  Cent, 
of  Females 

on  lioUs 
who  voted. 

1893 

139,471 

1 

109,461 

78-48 

1 
90,290  ! 

85-18' 

1896 

..  '     159,656 

142,305 

89-13 

108,783  ; 

76-44 

1899 

•     171,373 

163,215 

95-24 

119,650  i 

75-70* 

1902 

195,783 

185,944 

94-97 

138,5651' 

74-52 

1905 

••1      ■' 

212,876 

..i^ 

175,046tl 

1 

82-28 

*  Excluding  figures  for  three  electorates  in  which  there  was  no  contest. 

f  Including  informal. 

S  Will  be  shown  by  results  of  census,  1906.  when  compiled  in  ages. 

The  following  table  shows  for  the  different  districts  the  number 
of  electors  of  each  sex  on  the  rolls,  with  the  voters  (including 
those  whose  votes  were  informal),  and  the  population  as  at  last 
census  : — 


^M     474                         NEW 

SSALAND   OFFICIAL    ITKAR-HOOK 

1 

i      Nombsr  of  Blecton  on 

Xuuiber  of  Vot«r»  itho           1 
recondisd  VotM                  1 

^H               F.leotor&l  DUtrleta. 

1 

^atuUi 

1 

finelti4 
Itoa. 

MiMg  inrortDaii             1 

1     "•« 

Women* 

Totel. 

Womefi. 

Total 

Bay  uf  Islands 

2,S26 

1J17 

4,542 

2,372 

t.341 

;  3.TII 

Mar»d«in 

3,574 

2,618 

6.192 

3,065 

2.159 

hjm 

Kai  para 

4,097 

1,060 

6,057 

2,662 

1,725 

4,387 

Waitf^mata 

3,453 

2,860 

6,313 

2,966 

2^401 

5,m 

Auckland  West 

3,586 

3,821 

7.407 

3,117 

3,265 

1     6.« 

Auckland  East 

3,442 

3,440 

6,882 

2,680 

2,834 

5,514 

Auckland  Central 

3,«I6 

2.876 

6,492 

2,823 

2,240 

1     5.063 

Grey  Lytin 

3,157 

3,733 

6,890 

2,626 

2,978 

!    5,m 

Edim 

3,5t>! 

3,407 

e.90d 

2,863 

2,692 

5.545 

Parn<?U 

3,163 

3,630 

6,693 

2,675 

2,880 

5.555 

^       Mauukau 

3.248 

3,048 

6,296 

2,780 

2,622 

1     5,46g 

^m       Franklin 

3,711 

2,595 

6,306 

3,185 

2.233 

MIS 

^m        Thamas 

2,307 

2,082 

4.449 

2,101 

1.7T2 

2,673 

'             Ohinoinuri 

3.326 

2,020 

5,346 

2.679 

1,596 

4,275 

Waikato 

4.748 

3,306 

8^114 

4.068 

2,819 

6.88T 

Bay  of  Plenty 

4,558 

3,042 

7J00 

3,875 

2,470 

6.345 

1              Waiapu 

4,882 

3,099 

7,981 

4,115 

2,688 

6,809 

1             Hnwko'a  Bay,. 

4,025 

2,029 

6,654 

3.181 

2,104 

5,285 

1'              Napier 

1      3,714 

3,176 

6,890 

3,023 

2,698 

5.721 

1             Waipawa 

4,127 

2,718 

6,843 

3,605 

2,344 

5,9411 

'              Pabiatua 

3,228 

2,294 

5,522 

2,735 

1,852 

4,587 

i             A£a8t«rton 

3,827 

2,765 

6,592 

3,173 

2,141 

5,314 

WftifarapA 

j     3,274 

2,074 

6.348 

2,810 

1,796 

4,60) 

Egmont 

1     3,^48 

2,299 

0,247 

3,189 

1,720 

4,909 

j             Taranaki 

3,308 

3,018 

6,326 

2,638 

2,472 

5,31(» 

'              Hawera 

3,622 

2,593 

6.215 

3,090 

2.156 

5,246 

Pattia 

4,202 

2.922 

7,124 

3,288 

2,227 

6,515 

Rangitikoi 

5,015 

2,079 

7,094 

3,864 

1,335 

5,19» 

1'              Wanganui 

4.057 

3,927 

7,984 

3,368 

3,04S 

6,416 

|l              Oroua 

3,281 

2,224 

5,505 

2,732 

1,736 

4,468 

PaIiiiei"st>on 

4,630 

3,719 

8,349 

3,672 

3,069 

6,741 

Manawatu                         .  * 

3,757 

2,382 

6,139 

2,926 

1,845 

4,771 

Otaki 

2.889 

2,137 

5,026 

2,423 

1,672 

4,096 

1              Hutt 

4/Mi7 

3,217 

7,2S4 

3,454 

2,550 

6.004 

WoUitiKton  North 

1      4.430 

3,801 

8,231 

3,587 

2.873 

6.460 

Wellington  Central 

4,5m 

3,431 

8,021 

3,657 

2,696 

6,33 

Wellington  East 

3,731 

3,628 

7,359 

3,135 

2,876 

6,011 

NpwtowTi 

4,534 

4,422 

8,956 

3,944 

3,591 

7,536 

City  of  Nelson               . . 

3,123 

3,214 

6,337 

2.829 

2,792 

6,021 

Motueka 

3,016 

2,010 

5,026 

2,371 

1,266 

3,637 

'             Bullor 

3,853 

2,487 

6,340 

3,196 

1,975 

5,171 

i             Grev 

4,298 

2,616 

6,914 

3,607 

2.219 

5,826 

Wej-tland 

2,729 

1,853 

4,582 

2,256 

1,459 

3,716 

Wairaii                               » , 

3,406 

2,604 

6,100 

3.039 

2,242 

5,281 

Hurumii                           , . 

3,011 

1,750 

4,761 

2,205 

1,250 

3,456 

Katapoi 

2,306 

2,498 

4,804 

2.173 

2,029 

4,208 

Riccarton 

2,lil6 

2,372 

4,988 

2,219 

1,977 

4,106 

Avon 

!      3,067 

3,334 

6,401 

2,740 

2,838 

5,576 

Chri«fcchurch  North 

3.866 

4,618 

8,484 

3,375 

3.834 

7,200    . 

Chris  t^ihurch  East 

3,730 

3.667  , 

7.597 

3,245 

3,187 

6,432 

1             Chriatehurch  South 

3,585 

3.629 

7,214 

3.279 

3,174 

6,45S 

[            Lyttelton 

3,2r>4 

2,983 

6,237 

2,863 

2„'i32 

6,396 

NUMHBH   OF    BLKCTOHB. 

475  ^1 

Nombor  of  Klaeton  on 

Number  of  Voter i  who                    1 
recrrded  Votee                    ^^B 

EMcloraJ  DiBtriciB, 

1  ' 

1     Men. 

£MMJ« 

Womfln.  1   TotaL 

1                 I 

Man.     ' 

Wotii«n.      Tdtal,         ^^B 

Elle*imere 

2.361 

mm 

4.315 

2,108 

1      1,604 

3.712           1 

Courtenav 

2,552 

2,050 

4,602 

2,133 

1,611 

3.744          J 

Stilwryn 

2.90(> 

2,088 

4,988 

2,468 

1,681 

4.149    ^M 

AfthbitrtOD 

3,533 

2,601   1      6,194 

1      3,003 

'      2,236 

5.239     ^H 

Oeraldjnf^ 

2,7^8 

2.108         4.966 

2,415 

1      1,831         4,246          ■ 

Timaru 

3,737 

3.389  '      7,126 

3,153 

1      2,399         6,052           1 

Wait&ki 

3.304 

2,217        5,521 

2,756 

1,801         4,557           1 

OamJiru 

3,106 

2.780        5,886        2,704 

2.359        6.0^3           1 

Blount  Ida 

2.509 

1.599         4*168        2,112 

1,314         3,426     ^M 

W&ikouaiii      . . 

2.477 

2,080        4.557        2.166 

him 

3,958    ^m 

3.282 

3.306        6.588        2.925 

2,878 

5,803    ^H 

Dunedin  North 

3.182 

3,795        6,977        2.871 

3,396 

6.267     ^1 

Dunedin  Central 

3,855 

3,758        7,613        3,384 

3,207 

6,651          J 

Dimedin  South 

3J98 

3,469        6.667        2.863 

3/>23 

5,886  ^m 

GATiyrsh&ni 

3,243 

3,690        6,933        2.961 

3,208         6,219    ^H 

TaiAfi 

2,541 

2,178  \      4,719        2,255 

1.891         4.146    ^ 

Bruce 

2,701 

2,231        4,932  ,     2.270 

1.868         4,138 

Tuapeka 

3,024 

1,962        4,986        2,652 

1.583         4,135 

Clutha 

2»872 

2,189        5.061 

2.372 

1,734         4.106 

KatAura 

3»692 

2,838  1      6.530 

3,006 

2.172        5,178 

Wakatipu 

3.054 

1,904  I      4.958 

2,730 

1      1,642        4,372 

W&tlacff 

3,315 

2.134 

5,449        2,818 

1,785        4,603 

IiiTercargiLl 

3,719 

3,692 

7,411        3,318 

1      3.262        6.580 

Awania 

Totab 

A  return  is  added 

3,062 

2,212 

6.264        2,633 

1,857        4,390 

263,697 

212.876 

476,473    221,611 

175,046 

396.667           1 

showing  the  number  of  votes  recorded  for  each          | 

c&Ddidate,  and    froin 

this    it    will    be    seen    that    in 

forty-two   in-         J 

stances  the  deposits 

were  forfeited,   the   noinber  of 

votes  received   ^H 

in  each  case  having  1 

)cen  les!^  than  one- fourth  of  the 

number  polled    ^H 

by  the  successful  car 

ididate.     On©  candidate,  Mr.  F 

.  W.  Isitt,  was         1 

Qom mated  for  two  se 

parate  districts. 

1 

Number  of 

Number  of               1 

Votes  recorded. 

Votea  recorded.            I 

Bl»cloral  Distrii^ie 

::                    ^                 Klectoral  DiBtrict& 

^ 1 

ftQd 

yj.   .                                               and 

=  •.   .         _                 1 

Mani«e  of  Candidates. 

l-^S          "i                Name*  of  Candidate*.        ©"iS          «                 ■ 

1"'     ^     J 

Batf  of  Islands  : 

K  at  para  : 

■ 

HotiHton,  R.  M. 

l.«72                      Sullworthv.  J. 

..     2,172               ^^ 

Johnson.  J»  C 

1,202                     Harding,  A,  E 

2.163    4.335          1 

Wake.  T.     .. 

802     3.676 

J 

Marsd^n  : 

■ 

Mander,  P. 

2^7|.f                   Waitanatn  : 

^ 

Thompson,  R, 

izm                     AXmm,  E,  VV. 

. .     3.128                        1 

Mincbin,  G,  H, 

m     5J4B        ainkard.  a  H. 

..     2.157     fi.28B           1 

J 

476 


NBW    ZKALAMD    OFFICIAL    TBAIl-BOOK. 


Number  of 

Nmnber  of  ^ 

Votes  rsecrdsd 

iClectoral  Districts 

^ 

AlMtoral  Distriefts 

^— -  — 

— 

and 
Namos  of  Candidates. 

111 

1 

and 
Names  of  Candidates. 

111 

i 

AutMand  West  : 

Waiajm  : 

A 

Poole,  C.  H- 

.     2,634 

CkrroU,J.    .. 

.     3,647 

Parr.  C.  J.   . . 

.     2,104 

dayton.  W.  L. 

1,849 

Masefiold,  T.  T. 

.      1.690 

6,318 

Darton,  O.  B. 

874 

Wall.  H.  H. 

312 

«i.68S 

Auckland  Bast . 

Baume.  F.  E. 

.     2,636 

Hawkers  Bay  : 

Bamfonl,  H.  D. 

.      1,064 

DUlon,  Alfitxl 

3,138 

Richardson,  W. 

.      1,129 

RubseU,  Sir  W.  R. 

2,096 

6;a3 

Way,  R.  F. 

103 

6,431 

4ucMand  CerUrai  : 

banter : 

Fraser,  A.  L.  D. 

3,076 

Kidd,  A.      . . 

.     2,701 

LasoeUea,  IL  W.  P.    . 

1.607 

Bagnall,  L.  J. 

.     1.702 

McQrath,  W.  J. 

949 

5,632 

Aggers  J-    . . 

360 

Tilly,  S.  A. 

51 

Waipawa  : 

Bradly,  A.  P. 

37 

4,911 

HalUG 

3,676 

Hunter,  Q.  . . 

2,322 

6.m 

Orey  Lynn : 

Fowids,  G.  . . 

.     2,891 

Pahiaiua: 

FarrelUJ.    .. 

.     2,661 

6,652 

ROOT.R.B 

Hawkinfl,  W.  H. 

2,300 
2,094 

Eden: 

Buchanan,  H.  D. 

142 

4.630 

Bollard,  J.  . . 

.     4,091 

Fronoh.  R.  . . 

.      1.331 

r),4-22 

Mastertan: 
Hogg,  A.  W. 

3,055 

Pamell : 

Cooper,  J.  C 

2,196 

5.251 

Lawry,  F     . . 

.     2,682 

McLean,  M. 

.     2,460 

Watrarapa  : 

Shera,  J.  McE. 

272 

Homaby,  J.  T.  M.      . 

2.610 

Morgan,  W. 

69 

Buchanan,  W.  C 

1,979 

Chambers.  W. 

58 

6,441 

Phillips,  a . . 

63 

4.6&: 

Afctnukdu  : 

Egmont : 

.  Kirkbride,  M.  M. 

.     3,007 

Jennings,  W.  T. 

2,621 

Stewart,  R.  D. 

.     2,344 

5.351 

Leoch,  C.     . . 
Campbell,  H.  A 

1,970 
215 

4.80H 

Franklin  : 

Mass<w,  VV.  F. 
McCardalc.  W.  W.      . 

.     3,120 
.     2.10.5 

5,285 

Taranaki : 
Smith,  £.  M. 
Okoy,  H.  J.  H. 

1,953 
1,717 

TfiamC't : 

Bellringer.  a  E. 

838 

Me  Go  wan,  J. 

.     2,525 

Tisch,  G.      . . 

476 

Fleming,  M. 

.      1.290 

3.821 

Mills,  C.  T.  . . 

232 

6,21s 

Okinemuri  : 
Poland,  H.  . . 
Moss,  E.  G.  B. 
Dovey,  G.    .  . 

.     2,224 

.      1,873 

19 

4,116 

Haxoera  : 
Major,  C.  E. 
McGuiro,  F. 
Robbing,  B.  C. 

Patea  : 

2,206 
1,767 
1,222 

5.185 

Waikato  : 

Syraes,  W 

2,662 

Greenslade,  H.  J. 

.     3,457 

Hine,  J.  B. 

2,409 

Ung.  F.  W. 

.     3,379 

6,836 

Wake,  0.  P. 

492 

5,463 

Say  0/  Plenty  : 

RaTVQiivkei 

Herriea,  W.  H. 

.     a.25V 

'BUdVC^T\\^Tl,  k*'^ 

..  vvv^ 

Foster,  J.     . . 

.      3,040 

0,^^^ 

L         ^TXiTcvervMkft,  3 .  "^ 

..    \nS5^   V». 

VOTB8   RECORDED. 


477 


Number  of 

Nuuilier  of 

Kl»>(*Lora.l  DiHtricka 

Voles  recorded. 

Electoral  DUtricts 
'                         and 

Votes  recorded. 

and 

j 

jS 

^ 

N&1U08  of  Candidatea. 

i^2 

i 

Names  of  Candidates. 

Hi 

i 

!»•' 

^ 

ii' 

H 

Wangfonui : 

Motueka  : 

Hogan,  J.  T. 
Willis,  A.  D. 

.     2,533 

MoKenzie,  R. 

.     3,069 

.     1,609 

Isitt,  F.  W... 

336 

Bassett,  W.  Q. 

.     1,071 

O'Kelly,  J.  . . 

198 

3,6jM 

Haaelden,  F.  H. 

767 

BuUer: 
Colvin,  J.     . . 

Gatenby,  R.  MoK.     . 

338 

6,318 

3,912 

Oroua  : 

Isitt,  F.  W. . . 

.      1,114 

5,026 

Lethbridge,  F.  Y.       . 

.     2,177 

Cfrey: 

Pleasants,  0.  C. 

.     1,191 

Guinness,  A.  R. 

3,060 

Horablow,  R.  E. 

.      1,046 

4.413 

Petrie,  J.     . . 

2,703 

5,783 

PalmersUm  : 

Westland  : 

Wood,  W.  T. 

.     3,563 

Seddon,  R.  J. 

3,420 

Pirani,  F.     . . 

.     3,083 

6,646 

Cowin,  H.    . . 

Wairau  : 

240 

3,660 

Manawaiu : 
Stevens,  J.  . . 
VUe,  J.         . . 
Gardner,  0. 

.     2,404 

.     2,045 

233 

4,682 

Mills,  an. 

Duncan,  J.  . . 
Turner,  G.  . . 

Hurunui  : 

.     3,088 

2,111 

24 

6,223 

Otaki: 

Rutherford,  A.  W.     . 

2,149 

Field,  W.  H. 

.     2,716 

Clothier,  0.  F. 

963 

Brown,  B.  ?! 

.      1,322 

4,038 

Pulley,  G.  T. 

307 

3.419 

HtiU: 

Kaiapoi  : 

Wilford,  T.  M. 

.     3,452 

Buddo,  D.   . . 

2,088 

Yerex,  G.  M. 

.     1.540 

Moore,  R. 

2,043 

4,131 

London,  G.  T. 

957 

5,949 

Riccarton : 

Wdlin([tan  North : 
Izard,  C.  H. 
I>uthie,J.    .. 
Macfarlane,  G.  D.      . 

.     3,283 

.     2,794 

290 

6.367 

Witty,  G.     . . 
Caverhill,  T.  H. 
Russell,  G.  W. 
Efford,  J.  A. 

Avon  : 

.     2,294 

1,054 

679 

103 

4,130 

Wdlin^n  CBnirtd  : 

Tanner,  W.  W. 

.     2,294 

Fisher,  F.  M.  B. 

.     3,142 

Brunt,  J.  R. 

.      1,669 

O'Regan,  P.  J. 

.     2,698 

Clarkson,  T. 

.      1,641 

Cooper,  A.  H. 

423 

«5,2()3 

Bayn^,  B.  . . 

101 

5.50fi 

WeUinyton  Basi  : 

ChrisUhureh  North  : 

Aitken,  J.  G.  W. 

.     2,595 

Gray,  C.  M 

4,074 

McLean,  W. 

.     2,576 

Taylor,  T.  R. 

3,010 

7,084 

McLaren,  D. 

763 

5,934 

ChrisUhureh  East : 

NeiDtown: 

Barber,  W.  H.  P.       . 
ffislop,  T.  W. 
Chappie,  W.  A, 
Hindmtfsh,  A.  H. 

Davey,  T.  H. 

2,625 

.     3,231 

.     2,018 

.     1,795 

383 

7.427 

Toogood,  H.  F. 
Collins,  W.  W. 
Cooke,  F.  R. 

ChrisUhureh  South  : 

.     2,060 

.      1,632 

91 

6,308 

Ell,  H.  G.    .. 

3,689 

Ci^olNeUan: 
Graiham,  J. 

Winny,  C.  H. 

1,178 

.     2.787 

Thorn,  J.     . . 

.     \,W\ 

Atmon,  H. 

.     2,76S 

5,545 

Hadae\d,  J. 

•N^^* 

,     VN.-KKfe 

478 


nw    UALAHD  OrnCtAL   TBAR-BOOK. 


Number  of 

Mnmberof 

Votes  recorded. 

Kla4itor&l  Diatrictfl 

BlMitoral  Dimtrifitfl 

and 

|3' 

us^FWV*»a  di^avvAS^^ikw 

and 

•S  . 

N&mes  of  Candidateii. 

3 

1 

LyUelton: 

Dunedin  North  : 

Lauronson,  Q. 

.     2,615 

Barclay,  A.  R. 

.     3.34e 

Radcliffe,  W. 

.     1,393 

Bedford,  H.  D. 

2.831 

«.m 

RnsaeU.  C.  L. 

967 

Webb,  8.  R. 

399 

6.274 

Dunedin  Central  : 

BUesmere  : 
Rhodes,  R.  H. 

Millar.  J.  A. 

4,256 

.     1,810 

Adam.:,  A.  8. 

2,336 

8.681 

Rennie,  0.  . . 

.     1,527 

Dunedin  Sotiih  : 

Shaw,  H.     . . 

338 

3,675 

Arnold,  J.  P. 

3,313 

Oourtenay  : 

Stewart,  W.  D. 

2,533 

6.84« 

Lewis,  C.      . . 
McBride,  T.  J. 

.      1.972 
.     1,740 

3,712 

Sidey,  T.  K. 

3.948 

3dwt/n  : 

Eamshaw,  W. 

2,188 

a.i3» 

Hardy,  C.  A.  C. 

.     2,215 

Ivew,  J.       . . 

.     1.893. 

4.108 

Taieri  : 

AahburtoH  : 
McLachlan,  J. 

.     2,618 

Reid,  D.,  jun. 
MarBhall.  A. 

2,320 
1.786 

4.10S 

Studholme,  J. 

.     2.274 

Bruce: 

Sealy,  J.       . . 

402 

6,194 

AUen,  J.     . . 

2,275 

Qeraldine.  : 

filaaon,  W.  D. 

1,840 

4.11* 

Flatman,  F.  R. 
Jeffries,  W. 

.     2,716 
.      1,482 

4.197 

Tuapeka: 
Bennet,  J.   . . 

2,538 

Timaru  : 

Gilkison,  R. 

1,561 

4,099 

Hail-Jones,  W. 

.     3,541 

Rollcston,  F.  J. 

.     2,478 

6,019 

Clutha: 

Malcolm,  A.  S. 

2,035 

Waitfiki  : 

Stewart,  D. . . 

1,763 

Stewani,  Sir  VV.  J.     . 

.     2,628 

Roy,  W 

261 

4,0» 

Dash,  G.       . . 

922 

iMaslin.  W.  S. 

379 

Afataura  : 

Walker,  A.  . . 

259 

McNab,  R.  . . 

2.791 

Nichol,  J.  H. 

248 

4,436 

MacGibbon,  T. 

2,356 

6,147 

Oarnaru  : 
Duncan,  T. 
Mitchell,  J. 
MoKonzio,  W.  M.        . 

.     3,400 

.      1,301 

159 

4,950 

Wakaiipu  : 
Fraser,  W.  . . 
Gilfeddor,  M. 

2,383 
1.960 

4.S« 

Mount  I  (If I : 

WaUace  : 

MatPliorsoii,  J.  A. 

1,900 

Thomson,  J.  C. 

2.6  lii 

Hordman.  A.  L. 

.      1,506 

3,406 

Macpherson,  D. 

2.051 

4.6« 

Waikoiuiiti  : 

lni>ercargiU  : 

Mackenzie,  T. 

.     2,317 

Hanan,  J.  A. 

3,772 

Clark,  E.  H. 

.      1,615 

3,932 

Raymond.  I.  W. 

1,840 

Chalmers  : 

Morris,  W.  A. 

862 

6.474 

Allen,  K.  G. 

.{,455 

Aivarua  : 

Prvor,  W.     .  . 

.     -2,018 

Ward.  Sir  J.  G. 

3,586 

Gihh.  W. 

261 

5,734 

Woodnorth,  H.  S.       .  . 

738 

4,S3« 

NAMK8   OK    MKMBfiKB   ELECTED. 


479 


A  summary  of  the  population,  number  of  electors  on  the  rolls, 
and  the  total  number  of  votes  recorded  at  each  of  the  last  five 
general  elections  is  next  given  : — 


— 

1906.              1002.              18D9. 

1896. 

1803. 

K umber  of  votes  recorded  lor 

members  elected 
Number  of  votes  recorded  for 

defeated  candidates 

;                    1 
216,378  1  235,083  !  202,324 

173,811  ;  181,879  ',  186,805 

184,929 
174,476 

158,668 
149,418 

Total  votes  recorded^f  . . 

390,189  .  416,962  |  387,629 

859,404     303,076 

Number  of  names  on  roils  in 
districts  uncontested 

Number  of  names  on  rolls  in 
districts     whore     elections 
were  contested 

1 
476,473     415,789 

18,726 
360,018 

339,230 

10,639 
292,458 

Total  number  of  electors 

on  rolls 
Total  population  at  last 

ceriRbS 

476,473  :  415,789 

373,744 
703,119 

339,280 

302,997 

772,504  I  772,504 

703,119 

626,859 

*  Total  number  of  elO'tors  who  recorded  tbeir  votes:  906,657  in  1905,318,850  in  1009, 
979.330  iu  1809.  068.254  in  1806.  and  2di.082  in  1803 

f  The  total  of  votes  recoided  for  1003  shows  less  than  that  for  1902,  because  in  the 
later  year  the  four  previously  anialgMmated  city  coDS>ituei>oieH  had  become  single 
electorHtes,  and  cousequently  a  voter  could  only  vote  for  one  person. 

The  names  of  the  members  returned  at  the  last  general  election, 
arranged  in  alphabetical  order,  are  next  shown,  with  the  electoral 
district  represented  by  each. 


Name. 


Electoral  District. 


Aitken,  John  Onthrie  Wood 

Alison,  Ewen  William    . . 

Allen,  Edmund  Giblett  . . 

Allen,  James 

Arnold,  James  Frederick 

Barber,  William  Henry  Peter 

Barclay,  Alfred  Richard 

Baume,  Frederick  Ehrenfreid 

Bennet,  James . . 

Bollard,  John    . . 

Baddo,  David    . . 

Carroll,  Hon.  James 

Colvin,  James  . . 

Davey,  Thomas  Henry  . . 

Dillon,  Alfred  .. 

Duncan,  Hon.  Thomas  Young 

Ell,  Henry  George 

Field,  William  Hughes  . . 

Fisher,  Francis  Marion  Bates 

Flatman,  Frederick  Robert 

Fowlds,  George.. 

Fraser,  Alfred  I/evavasour  Dureli 

Eraser,  William 

Graham,  John  . . 


Wellington  East. 

Waicemata. 

Chalmers. 

Brace. 

Dunedin  South. 

Newtown. 

Dunedin  North. 
!  Auckland  East. 
I  Tuapeka. 

Eden. 

Kaiapci. 

Waiapu. 

BuUer. 
I  Christchurch  Ea»t. 

Hawke's  Bay. 

Oamaru. 

Christchurch  South. 

Otaki. 

Wellington  Central. 
i  Geraldine. 

Grey  Lynn. 

Napier. 
;  Wakatipu. 

Ciiy  of  Nelton. 


480 


NBW    SIALAMO   OFFICIAL   TIAB-BOOK. 


Nune. 


Gray,  Charles  Matthew  . . 
Greenslade,  Henry  Jamefi 
Guinness,  Arthur  Robert 
Hal],  Charles    . . 
Hall- Jones,  Hod.  William 
Hanan,  Josiah  Alfred     . . 
Hardy,  Charles  Albert  Creery 
Herries,  William  Herbert 
Hogan,  James  Thomas  .. 
Hogg,  Alexander  Wilson 
Homsby,  John  Thomas  Marryat 
Houston,  Robert  Morrow 
Izard,  Charles  Hay  ward 
Jennings,  William  Thomas 
Eidd,  Alfred      . . 
Kirkbride,  Matthew  Middlewood 
Laurenson,  George 
Lawry,  Frank  . . 
Lethbridge,  Frank  Yatei 
Lewis,  Charles  . . 
McGowan,  Hon.  James 
McKenzie,  Roderick 
Mackenzie,  Thomas 
McLaohlan,  John 
McNab,  Robert.. 
Macpherson,  John  Andrew 
Malcolm,  Alexander  Scott 
Major,  Charles  Edwin 
Mander,  Francis 
Maasey,  William  FerguRon 
Millar,  John  Andrew 
Mills,  Hon.  CbarlcR  Houghton 
Poland,  Hugh    . . 
Poole.  Charles  Henry 
Reid,  Donald  (jun.) 
Remington,  Arthur  Edward 
Rhodes,  Robert  Heaton  . . 
Ross,  Robert  Bcatson 
Rutherford,  Andrew  William 
Seddon,  Rt.  Hon.  Richard  John, 
Sidev,  Thomas  Kay 
Smith,  Edward  Metcalf . . 
Stallworthy,  John 
Stevens,  John    . . 
Steward,  Hon.  Sir  William  Jukes 
Symes,  Walter  . . 
Tanner,  William  Wilcox 
Thomson,  John  Charles . 
Ward,  Hon.  Sir  Joseph  George,  K 
Wilford,  Thomas  Mason 
Witty,  George   . . 
Wood,  William  ThomaF. 


P.C 


Kt.  Bach. 


C.M.G 


BlaelonlDiBtriet. 


Ohziifcolraroh  North. 

Waikato. 

Grsy, 

Waipawft. 

Timani. 

InTeraargill. 

8«lwyn. 

Bay  of  Plenty. 

Wanganni. 

MasterfeoD. 

Wairarapa. 

Bay  of  Islands. 

Wellington  North. 

Egmont. 

Auckland  Central. 

Manokau. 

Lyttelton. 

Pamell. 

Oroua. 

Courtenay. 

Thames. 

Motneka. 

Waikouaiti. 

Ash  burton. 

Mataura. 

Mount  Ida. 

Glntha. 

Hawera. 

Marsden. 

Franklin. 

Dunedin  Central. 

Wairau. 

Ohinemuri. 

Auckland  West. 
I  Taieri. 
I  Bangitikei. 
j  Ellesmere. 
:  Pahiatua. 
I  Hurunui. 
I  Westland. 
I  Caversham. 
I  Taranaki. 
j  Kaipara. 

Manawatu. 

Waitaki. 

Patea. 

Avon. 

WaUace. 

Awarua. 

Hutt 

Riccarton. 

Palmerston. 


'  hinct;  deceHMed,  and  Mr.  T.  B.  Y.  Seddon  eleotod. 


DIAGRAM  Ho    H 


I  1S71 

mi 
im. 

I  1901 
1906. 

PROPORTIONS  OF  THE  SEXES  IN  THE  POPULATION 
lOF  ALL  AGES)  AT  SUCCESSIVE  CENSUSES, 

MaI«:  100 

Ftomiles:  70*52. 

M&lM    100 

ftmftlfe^SS^ 

Males:  IDQ 

Fenmles    89  37. 

Milf9    100. 

PemAl«i:  9033. 

MAles:100 

Females:  8S 65 

1 

■  iB9a 

1896. 

1899 

_    1902 

r 

PROPORTIONS  OF  FEMALES  TO  MALES  VOTING  AT 
SUCCESSIVE  GEI^ERAL  ELECTIONS. 

Miles    100. 

F^m^ai;  69^7. 

Maiei:  100; 

FemalenrTSra. 

Mains:  100. 

FemaUiii  7482. 

MtanrlOO 

FeiDAlM:  76  m 

MftiM:  lOQ 

fmiimt79m. 

1 

•>v1  for  fi.lw  o<'  itr  Vkm*  %g*.  4;!  77*,  yvai. 

4 
4 


I 


BfAOBI   REPRBSENtATIYBS.  481 

Occupations  op  Members  op  House  op  Eepbesentatives. 

The  occupations  of  members  elected  in  1905  show  that  farmers 
r  runholders  furnish  more  members  than  any  other  class  of  occu- 
lation.  There  were  twenty-one  of  these  (besides  four  given  as 
'settlers")  returned  in  1905.  There  were  nine  barristers  jot 
olicitors,  and  five  journalists.  The  number  of  members  returned 
n  1902  and  1905  was  seventy-six,  against  seventy  in  1896  and 
899  :-r 

Occapations.  1696.        1899.         1902.  1905. 

Professional — 

Secretary,  Y.M.C.A.  . . 

Barrister,  solicitor 

Journalist     . . 

Mining   advocate,   interpreter,   lecturer, 

teacher 
Chemist 

Domestic — 
Hotelkeeper 

Ck>minercial — 

Insurance  manager 

Land- broker,  estate  agent 

Auctioneer 

Director  of  financial  company 

Native  agent 

Stationer,  bookseller,  draper,  grocer, 
butcher     . . 

Merchant,  iron-merchant,  timber-mer- 
chant 

Storekeeper  . . 

Commission    agent,    clerk,    accountant, 

commercial  traveller  . .  . .       3  2  8  8 

Transport  and  Communication — 

Coach -proprietor  . .     —  —  1  — 

Industrial — 

Tailor,  shoemaker,  dyer  . .       2  2  8  8 

Mill-owner,   ship-rigger,  builder,  metal- 
lurgical engineer,  mine-manager 
Railway  employee 
Blacksmith  .. 

Printer,  newspaper- proprietor. . 
Farmer 

Sheep-farmer,  runholder,  grazier,  stock- 
owner 
Contractor    . . 

Others- 
Settler,  gentleman,  &c.  . .       8  7  S  B 

For  Maori  Represeyitatives. 

(Polling-day,  20th  December,  1905;  Number  of  Polling-placen,  827.) 

Of  a  Maori  population  amounting  to  43,143  persons  at  the  census 
»f  1901,  16,045  voted  at  the  general  election  held  in  December, 
905,  an  increase  of  1,774  on  the  number  who  voted  at  the  election 
)f  1902.     In  1893  the  voters  numbered   11,269,  or  1,739    persons 

16-ybk. 


_ 





1 

6 

9 

10 

9 

9 

8 

5 

5 

8 

4 

1 

8 

1 
1 

1 

- 

— 

2 

1 
3 

1 

1 

2 

^- 

— 

1 

1 

1 

- 

1 

1 

1 

8 

6 

5 

3 

3 

2 

4 

3 

1 

2 

2 

2 

4 

2 

2 





1 

— 

— 

2 

11 

18 

13 

16 

14 

7 

9 

5 

3 

3 

3 

3 

482 


raw    SBALAHD   OFHOIAIi  TXAB-BOOK. 


fewer  than  in  1896,  when  13,008  Maoris  recorded  their  votes,  while 
at  the  general  election  held  in  December,  1899,  the  number  of 
Maoris  who  voted  was  13,628,  and  in  1902  the  number  of  voters 
was  14,271.  As  the  Native  population  increased  but  slightly 
between  1891  and  1901,  it  would  appear  that  Maoris  are  taking 
more  interest  as  to  their  representation  in  Parliament  than 
formerly,  or  perhaps  there  is  now  more  convenience  for  attending 
to  vote,  or  better  Knowledge  of  political  afiEairs.  The  numbers  of 
voters  for  the  several  districts  in  December,  1905,  were : — 


Rleotor&l  Diitricta. 

Nmnber  who 
▼oted. 

FmtCmt 

Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

at 

alli^BS. 

North  Island- 

Northern  Maori 

6,400 

4,478 

9,878 

a,348 

23-77 

Eastern  Maori 

7,465 

6,610 

13,975 

6,913 

4947 

Western  Maori 

9,054 

7,994 

17,048 

•6,085 

85-40 

South  Island- 

Southern  Maori 

1,193 

1,049 

2,243 

749 

83-41 

Totals 

23,112 

20.031 

43,148 

16,045 

3719 

The  votes  recorded  for  each  candidate  were  : — 


Number  of 
Votes  recorded. 


Electoral  Districts 

and 

Names  of  Caudid&tes. 


Northern  Maori  : 
Heke,  Hone 
Reweti,  Ru  . . 
Tukariri,  Te  Huirama 
Ururoa,  Papa 
Rotoroa,  Rihari 


Eastern  Maori: 
Ngata,  Apirana 
Pcre,  Wi 

Atahikoia,  Mohi  te 
Paaka,  Tiki.. 
Hutana,  Ihaia 
Kohere,  Tahaka 


.q  . 

1,166 
689 
238 
216 
189 


2,447 

1,690 

1,694 

786 

805 

92 


2,348 


6,913 


BlectorAl  Districts 

and 

Names  of  Candidates. 


Western  Maori: 
Kaihau,  Henare 
Tukino,  Te  Heuheu 
Kahu,  Eruera  te 
Taipua,  Pitiera 
Kingi,  Weraroa 
Teimana,  Hare 


Nmnberof 
Votes  reoordad. 

. * ' 

3,026 
1,338 

991 

394 

162 

124 


Southern  Maori : 

Parata,  Tame  . .  287 
Uru,      John     Hopere 

Wharewiti  . .  127 

Taiaroa,  Wiwi  . .  123 

Maketanaro,  Tuiti  118 

Matiu,  Hoani  . .  94 


6,035 


T49 


On  the  succeeding  page  will  be  found  a  tabular  statement  giving 
the  results  of  each  general  election  since  the  year  1853  for  purposai 
of  European  representation. 


BS8ULT8  OF  GBNBRAL  BLBCTI0N8. 


48d 


Sbhbbal  BiAonoNS  roB  Eubopbait  Bepbesentatiybs  hbij>  vbou  thb  Ybib 

1853. 


Q 

If 

II 

If 

III 

^ 

p 

Avermgo  Nuinher  of 

PiftiLmeDi 

u 

in 

1  ^ 

l<! 

First   .. 

1853 

1    5,934 

87 

» 

30,000 

81!| 

51 

160 

Second 

1855 

*  10,324 

87 

• 

37,192 

1,005 

36 

279 

Third.. 

1861 

13,466 

53 

■ 

79,711 

1,504 

6-9 

254 

Fotirth 

IS66 

*  33,338 

73 

• 

190,607 

2,647 

6-7 

463 

Fifth  .. 

1871 

47,275 

74 

p 

S48,400 

3.357 

63 

638 

Sixth  ,. 

1875 

61,755 

84 

• 

375,856 

4,474 

6-1 

736 

Beventh 

1879 

82,271 

84 

14 

43.776 

463.729 

6,521 

5-6 

979 

Eighth 

188J 

130,972 

91 

11 

69,085 

600,910 

5,505 

4-1 

1,329 

Ninth, . 

1884 

137,686 

91 

11 

74.672 

564,304 

6,201 

4-1 

1.513 

Tenth.. 

1887 

175,410 

91 

5 

111,911 

603,361 

6,630 

34 

1,928 

Eie^enth 

1890 

183,171 

70 

8 

130,337 

625,508, 

8,936 

3  4 

2,617 

TwoUth 

1893 

*302,997 

70 

8 

*8220,082 

672,265 

9,604 

2-3 

4,328 

Thttteenth 

1896 

*339,230 

70 

'«^258,264 

714,162 

10,202 

2-1 

4,853 

ti*oQrteenth 

1899 

*373,744 

70 

3 

"279, aSO  750,505 

10,807 

20 

5,339 

Pilteenth 

1902 

*4l6,78y 

76 

**318,859!807,929 

10,631 

1-9 

5,471 

Sixteenth 

1905 

*476,473 

76 

-■ 

"396, 657 1882. 462 

11,611 

1-9 

6.269 

*  Information  not  obtainable. 

i  Inelnding  100,  the  estimated  number  in  Akaroa  district,  for  which  there  is  no  return. 
•  Incladiog  800,  the  estimated  namber  in  the  electorates  of  Town  of  New  Pljmoatli, 
Irey  and  Bell,  and  Omata,  for  which  districts  there  are  no  returns. 

i  Blectors  for  the  Electoral  District  of  *'  The  Otago  Qoldflelds"  not  ineladed. 

e  Men  and  women. 

i  Voters  recording  Totet. 


SECTION  XIX.— CROWN  LANDS. 
A  8UMMAKY  of  the  transactions  during  the  year  ended  Slst  Maich, 
1906,  will  be  found  in  the  following  table,  which  shows  under  sU 
descriptions    of    tenure    the    number   of    selectors    and  the 
selected : — 


Nature;  and  Teuure  of  Lands  neleoted  during  the  Year 
ended  the  »lBt  March,  1006 


Nnmbec  of    j 

Pnrehaaera  or . 

Seleotora.     I 


Selectors.       ^   ^^ 

Town  lands  Bold  for  cash    ..  ...       T9  49    9  SO) 

Suburban  lands  sold  for  cash  ...       80  138   8  18 1 

Rural  lands  sold  for  cash 110       10.040    8  90) 

Occupation  with  right  of  purchase 
LeaHO  in  perpetuity 
PfrpetualleaRes  aud  small  areas   ... 
Village  Kctilemeut,  cash 

•  occupation  with  right  of  purchase 

•  lease  in  perpetuity 
Village-boraestead  special  settlement 
Improved-farm  special  settlement  (lease  in  perpetuity  and 

occupation  with  rifjht  of  purchase) 
Occupation  leases,  Mining  Act 
Small  grazing-runs  ... 
Pastoral  runs 

Miscellaneous  leases  and  licenses  .. 
Cheviot  Estate— 

Ca««h  lands 

Mieccllaneous 
Land  for  Settlements  Acts- 
Cash  lands 

Lea8o  in  perpetuity 

Small  grazing-runs 

Miscellaneous       ...  ..t 

Endowments— 

OccupatioQ  with  right  of  pnrcbasf 

Occupation  leases,  Mining  Act      .. 

Lease  in  perpetuity 

MiBcellaneons 
Native  townships     ... 
Thermal  Springs  (Kotorua)... 

Totals 


Particulars  of  the  number  of  Crown  tenants  at  present  holding 
lands  under  the  several  tenures,  together  with  the  yearly  rental 
payable,  are  given  in  the  next  statement. 


ii9 

ll.ltt  9  T 

388 

157.489   191 

90S 

79.49B   10 

1 

196  315 

SO 

40   0  5 

e 

40  3  « 

55 

1.9^4   OM 

49 

9B7   lli 

3 

54T  0  0 

30 

1.194   Ofl 

18 

30,949   isr 

115 

»49,960  1» 

539 

43.794  214 

4 

1   t  0 

4 

34   0  5 

6 

7  3W 

413 

78.689  S«B 

ai 

37.644  8  b 

33 

1.868  0  6 

2.827 

787.937  OU 

1 

146  0  0 

3 

IS  9  0 

2 

2.983  1  6 

4 

90  lU 

11 

108   1   4 

23 

7   8  0 

2,271 

790.6J6  0  34 

giiOWN  la:ndb. 

4B5             I 

3tatki£KKT    sbowriig    the    Total   Kuxbsr    OP   CaowK    Tknantk, 

with    Area      ^^1 

seieoted  or  held,  w^nd  the  Yearly  Rent  payftble,  as  ou  the  Slat  Meyroh,  l^JOb.         ^H 

Total 

Total  Yearly             1 

TBonres. 

Kimiber    Total  Ai^  bold  by 

lieutal  or                 1 

Instalment                ■ 

Tenants. 

payable.                 I 

OtiDlNAAY  CllOWlf  LAKDg.                       '                             '                A.            B.  P. 

1       a.  d.             1 

Deferred  pftvnient   .,. 

198                  ^«0IU    3  25 

1.970    i    1             J 

p6rp«tti«J  JeiiBe 

QOl                li:»,2T6    2  83 

4.985    6  11       ^M 

Ooe II patio ti  with  right  of  pizrcbMe^.,           **^ 

4,401            l.HIdJ^    0  10 

ID»243    6    6     ^H 

Lease  10  perpetuity... 

4.6011         1.^8.6^  a  art 

49,JSt6    8    4     ^H 

Af^icult  uriiMeiLEi^ 

16                       5dl    3  21 

28  14    3      ^ 

Botiieiettead  ..             .„            ...           ,.,            ..                          I 

ICiDiuj;  Dif^trictB  I^vjid  OoctipatioQ  Act        .     |            J^i                 :^.141    110 

i,m  13  0 

Deffrrerl  imvineat              ,,.            .              ,,.                19                      iWS    1  iff 
FerpfTtitaHofiftej                    ...                          ...              134                    J, 636     I  HO 

24    9    8 

975    0    0 

Occu p&ii oil  with  right  of  purcbane           ..,               33      ,                  03    2  10 

19  18  10 

Lft»««  in  r>fn»*tiirly           ,..           ...           ...             M7      I           11  a?**    i  l^ 

1.718    8  10 

VilJiw?*-*  houu-sttad  »p«eia]  BettlemeDte—                              ( 

PeiT»   "   "1    -     "      ...              »!7                    5,71h    3  10 

756    8    0 

Len^'                      iity            TH                 17.391    0  82 

9.56&    I    4 

Defef.:...  i ...i.L...              ' 

Perivetual  loAKt? I              10      I,                OOy    0    H 

48    4    0 

L«aeein  perptituitv            ..,            ..                              G44                 115.768    0  18 

5.974    0    5 

3.^13    1    Q 

Biiial]  grasing-ruLiB  .. 

647         i,:t7e,(i7B  sm 

27.983  13    7 

Pasioral  rutie 

HH5           tl. 404.^76    2  20 

73.140  13    3 

liiflctinaiiemiii  leiLBefli 

Totals       , 
CUSinOT  £6TATI»— 

a. 181      ,          &J7.1^    0    6 

19,9i*i  13    S 

IS, 091      )     10,543.054    1    8 

228, 43«    3    9 

1 

^^1 

lieaae  iD  perpetuity           

na            di.308  1  y 

0.450  14    6      ^H 

71                    S,4fl0    1    0 

809  10    4      ^H 

OraxtDg'farmfi 

50                 46.030    0    6 

6*912  13    9      ^H 

Pastoral  ruAB 

1                   1,642    0    0 

103    3    8      ^H 

MiecsellaDeoua 

ToUli      

Laud  fob  BK'rri.FJttSNTa  Act«^ 

ei 

IMi    0  32 

3l.i  18    7      ^ 

W7 

75,915    9  90 

l4,74iJ    0    a 

Lease  In  perpetuity 

9,S3t 

674,067    a  ^ 

171.083    8  10 

Lea«e  In  perpetuity,  village 

47 

448    0    4 

311     3  to 

Speeial-Bcttleuieut  association b    ... 

11 

'J. 114     t     9 

102    7    8 

Smiai  grasiugruDs 

94 

m.m  HU 

88,609  17    8 

Paatorai  ruQfi 

% 

05^    9  38 

ISi  13    U 

HleeellaiieoaB 

Totals 

TmtSltAI.  SFittNOS  (EOTOAOA) 

Gntod  totals 

Btidowmoats 

S'ativo  towD&hipH 

107 

10.777    2  as 

1.405    1  10 

3,563 

754,887    *i    6 

196.09:1  19  10 

am 

6,078    3  24 

2.148    6    4 

32,BS0 

17.37^.936    128 

441.948    3    9 

785               873.810    1  U 

13,S84  17    9 

383                   1.006    3  10 

1,371  19    9 

Tables  I  and  !1.  whicli  follow,  exhibit  tboacroR^e  of  laad  takett  up  for  i 

re^flpmerr^and 

tbe  Dtimbifr  of  holdtnga  under  each  doftcrjptiOQ  of  tenure.     The  liuida  hettd  i 

irirlur  pastoral 

licflDM  and  mificellaDttOus  leases.  «uob  a«  for  tlmbor  aod  dnii-cutting.Goa]  m 

iniau.&c^on      ^m 

mot  ineiud^  in  iheae  tables.    Table*  III  and  IV  ^hu\v  tlm  total  acremie  take 

n  up  year  by      ^^H 
ouped  Auoord'      ^^M 

fear  BlDce  Mftrrh,  1M8.  liieacb  land  district,  and  tho  nuiiiber  of  holdings  gr 

tog  to  b                     iis  varying  (roui  leie  Ibanone  aore  In  enteiit  to  1,000  acres 

and  over. 

Tb«                       iind  smreoders  io  reitpeGt  of  the  laoda  tskoD  up  for  i»c4tU 

mieuttexclud- 

lag,  as  fi                   mrked»  pastoral  and  oiisctillaueous  leases)  tor  the  laHt  ten 

years  were:— 

ieM-07      ...    blMioldings       228.976 aorei. 

1901 -a       ...    19Bboldlngi» 

75.368  acres. 

ISHr-OB      .a"*         ^                130.380      . 

1902^       ...    899        .               ] 

L06,390     . 

\em-m         567      .           ibo.oot    , 

190;i-4        ...    3M 

la^flSS     , 

t»»-lflOO  .      510       ,             iw.orui     . 

1904-6      .    leo 

80.451     » 

tlKIO-1           .354         «                 100.690      , 

190(HJ       ...    m 

36.098     . 

)  soon  as  pos- 

sti*le.  and  in  tbe  uajoricf  of  cases  are  taken  up  agaia  by  fresh  »•  lectors  ? 

pi  thin  a  short' 

tilDC. 

A  fall  de««oriptiotiof  the  various  ton ure«  under  wbioh  land  la  deilt  with 

In  the  colony 

to  «ivao  In  tbe  article  entitled  "The  Land  Byslem  of  New  Zealand,'^  in  Pa 
book. 

rt  m.  of  thit 

■ 

.fl 

186 


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CROWN    liANDb. 


489 


The  following  is  a  statement  of   the   gross   amounts   collected 
by  Receivers  of  Land  Revenue  for  the  years  1904-5  and  1905-6  : — 


1904-6. 

1905-e. 

£             8. 

d. 

£            8.     d. 

Territorial  revenue 

260,020  14 

2 

260,789    0    4 

Land  for  settlements 

150,272  12 

4 

188,648     1    0 

Cheviot  Estate  . . 

16,279    6 

4 

13,377    8    7 

State  forests 

12,784     2 

8 

14,885    7    8 

North  Island  Main  Trunk  Railway 

9,001     2 

7 

9,426  11  11 

Thermal  springs,  Rotorua 

30    6 

0 

18    0    0 

Lakes  EUesmere  and  Forsyth 

1,629  14 

7 

1.631  19    7 

Botonia  Town  Council    . . 

1,795    4 

2 

1,856  17    0 

Crown-grant  fees 

643    8 

2 

596    7    6 

Lands  and  Survey  vote    . . 

2,268  17 

6 

2,920  17    9 

Native  townships 

1.014    8 

0 

996    8  11 

Mining  Districts  Land  Oocupation 

Act 

819  14 

3 

1,087    0  10 

Misoellaneous    . . 

960    8 

5 

1,414    7    9 

Government  Loans  to  Tjooal  Bodies 

28,297    3 

6 

28.384    0    6 

Endowments 

25,162  18 

2 

24,716  19    2 

Totals  . . 

£509,974  14  10 

£660,248    3    0 

SECTION  XX.— LAND  FOB  SETTLEMENTS. 
A  FUiiii  description  is  given,  in  a  special  article  belangiog  to 
SectioQ  1,  Part  III.,  of  the  objects  and  method  of  the  Land  for 
Settlements  Acts,  under  which  the  acquirement  by  Government  is 
authorised »  througli  purchase  from  private  owners,  of  properties  for 
Bubdiviaion  into  small  farms  to  meet  the  want  felt  of  Crown  lands 
for  disposal  in  places  where  they  are  specially  in  demand. 

The  report  of  the  Board  of  Land  Purchase  Commissioners  qq 
transactions  for  the  year  ended  the  31st  March,  1906,  states : — 

The  vahio  of  the  laud  paid  Tor  a%  the  Slst  March,  1906  {inctading  expenses), 
fg  £4,408,391,  And  the  receipts  for  ]&»(  year  are  equal  to  4  57  per  oeDt.  of  thii 
Earn,  although  sixteoo  CBtates,  which  ooet  £229^^)96,  had  not  been  opened  (or 
seleoiioD,  aad  in  forty  efltatefi  land  vaiufld  at  £8|18S  per  annuni  was  aolei, 
and  oonsequeutly  ytoUUd  no  income. 

There  were  twenty  two  estates  frDally  paid  for  last  year,  havtng  an  area  el 
269v39'J  acroH;  and  of  this  area  six  estates,  contaming  342,403  acres,  utte 
opened  for  selection* 

Besides  these  completed  purchases  there  wer4  eight  estates,  with  an  area  of 
17,778  ftores,  the  pkirchaaa  of  which  was  arranged  for  at  a  cost  of,  say,  £134,944, 
payment  for  which  wilt  come  into  1906-7. 

There  were  purchased  thirteen  estates  of  under  200  acres  each,  and  nios 
e^taten  over  that  area.  The  smaller  properties  are  nefir  towns,  and  are  parity 
Intend'^d  for  workers*  dwellings.     The  distribution  ts  as  f  jUowb  ; — 


Estates.  Acres. 

Auckland,        5     ..   oontainftig  159,574 

WolliBglon,  11      .,             ,  26.629 

Marlboro',       1     ..            .  45.868 


Eatates. 
Caiiterbary,    8     . . 
Otago,  2     . . 

Southland,    —     -. 


Acze*- 

15,998 
21,999 


^  22  269,399 

The  number  of  properties  inspected  on  the  ground  was  111,  of  which  nios 
were  in  Auckland,  twenty-four  in  Hawkc'a  Bay,  tbirty-nine  in  WethnKtoo. 
twenty  three  in  Canterbury,  iyurteen  iu  Otago,  and  two  in  Southland.  This* 
proper  ties  range  in  area  from  5  acres  to  30,000  acres,  the  total  area  iDspeoied 
being  469,000  acres. 

The  Land  Purchase  Board  held  fort¥-flve  meetings  duriog  the  year— fii,, 
fire  in  the,  Auckland  District,  five  in  the  Hawke's  Bay  District,  one  in  Taranikl, 
Iwenty-ihfee  in  the  Wellington  DiBtrict,  six  in  Canterbury,  three  in  Otago,  aod 
two  in  SouihlaDd. 

The  purchase  of  311  estates,  containing  911,118  acres,  waa  considered  si 
these  meetings,  and  of  these  estates  sixty -one,  containing  241,103  acres,  net* 
reoomxneiidcd  for  purcbase.  The  Government  approved  of  the  reoommeudationi 
concpriving  fifty  four  of  these  estates,  hnviDg  an  area  of  236,584  acres. 

The  total  area  qow  owned  by  the  Crown  in  the  Land  for  Setilementt  Ac^ 
count  is  contained  in  158  estates,  of  tk  total  area  of  985,623  acres.  Wiihin  the 
142  e  elates  opened  for  selection  til  ere  are  754,887  acres  leased  to  3,55H  teoanU. 
They  have  579,833  aores  in  new  grass.  Gl,670  acres  in  white  crop,  35.980  acrot  m 
groon  crup,  and  there  are  177,404  acres  in  native  grasF,  bush,  scrub,  orchard, 
swamp,  gardens,  &c.  The  number  of  live-stock  amounts  in  all  to  709,645 , sheep, 
49,995  cattle,  10,781  horee)«,  and  2,648  pigs. 

^H  PropoBala  for  tiie  purchase  of  same  large  estates  in  Auokland,  Hawke's  fBay, 

^^^       Otago,  Nelson,  Marlborough,  Wei  ii  tig  ton,  and  Canterbury  ace  now  ander  oon- 

^^m       ilderation. 

^H  Tne  following  is  a  summary  of  the  transactions  :— 

^H  Estates  pur^^haiied  at   31  st   March,  1905 

^^^  Bsiates  purchased  during  year  1905-6. . 

^^^^V     Aoquired  but  not  paid  lot  not  ^tft^«,i^di 
^^F  for  ialeotion 


1^ 
22 


Acres. 
7in,ii24 
200.399 


Prime  Co9i 

£3,342.015 

780,1333 


156        985,6:^       £4,12i,Ui6 


LAND   FOB   BBTTLEirBNTS. 


491 


m 

2 


t 

1 
1 

g550|^»«gge> 

! 
ft 

1 

O 

o 

g 

if  1 

— '  :'   •   !     -  J   ! 

s 

11. 

Pi 

3 

i 

s::— :5"|g5 

i 

5S8§  i  !  IgSS 

n 

i 

6 

S'^'^S   i  J  'S**' 

to 

1 

Is 

o** 
15 

1 

a 

i 

2: 

i**S  i^^^S's^  \§ 

o 

n 

V 

il 

6 

00 

s 

SS2§-^^«3^»|5 

1 

1 

1    g    f    £^   ^ 
■^-^5   JO'S  3  ;a 

1 

1 
1 

i         H 

'4 

_  ^ 


Incidenta 
Expenses, 

Hoads. 
Prelimina- 
ries, Ao. 

00'^0Qioa0(0<->o<-i 

? 

la 

350,078 

732,900 

58,836 

430,363 

354,511 

8,343 

1,428,612 

557,718 

201,787 

00 

s 

a 

t-H 

ii 

▲.           B.  P. 

251,812    2  30 

128,906    1  38 

2,697    2    4 

55,602    3    3 

113,749    2  21 

5,124    3  26 

261,998    3    9 

111,567    2  32 

54,162    3  37 

o 

09 

Total  Numbers 

Of 

Estates  to 
31st  March.  1006. 

8s«a^«ss^ 

^ 

Area  acquired 

from 
1st  April,  1905, 

Slst  March,  1008. 

159,674    2  18 

26,529*  0  88 
45,368    0    0 

15,993*  0  19 

21,928    3  24 

5    2  17 

CO 

No.  of  Estates 

acquired 
from  1st  April, 

1905,  to 
31st  March,  1906. 

g; 

li 
111 

A.           B.    P. 

92,238    0  12 

128,906    1  38 

2,697    2    4 

29,073    2    5 

68,381    2  21 

5,124    3  26 

246,005    2  30 

89,638    3    8 

54,157    1  20 

o 

a 

<o 

No.  of 
Estates  acquired 

before 
Slst  March.  1006. 

to  to  »  CO  00  09  to ''^  *o 

iH  ^          iH                to  rH 

8 

Name  of  Land 
Distfict. 

Auckland 
Hawke's  Bay 
Taranaki 
Wellington  . . 
Marlborough 
Westland     . . 
Canterbury  . . 
Otsgo   ..     .. 
Southland   .. 

CO 

-3 
1 

492 


IfKtr.    KKALAND    OfrtClAL    YRAR-HOOK. 


lea  lor 

m 


The  Surveyor-Generars  report  to  the  Hon-  the  Minister  of  Lantlt 
on  the  contrition  and  settlement  of  the  lands  acquired  and  handed 
over  to  his  Department  under  the  before- mentioned  Acta  gives  the 
particulars  of  the  estates  offered  for  selection  as  follows: — 

The  reportfi  of  the  several  CommiBsionerg  of  Crown  Lands  are,  opon  the  nholt, 
,very  pheasant  Feeding.  Wttb  very  few  exoeptiooB  they  show  that  ibfi  Ids^rsftra 
rnest  in  tbeir  eDcie&vour^  to  c&rry  out  the  spirit  ot  the  Act  and  to  thorougblj 
fork  tfaeir  sections  ;  ihat  the  amount  of  capitAl  invested  in  improvemeou  is 
~a  subHtantml  guarantee  to  the  State  that  its  efforts  to  provide  improved  Land«  (or 
its  people  are  appreciated,  &nd  that  it  ir  the  making  of  m&oy  a  man,  hy  gimg 
him  the  opportunity  of  Bdccting  land  from  which  be  may  at  once  obt«.iii  a  com- 
petent livelihood.  The  great  impetuB  given  to  dairy  farming  by  the  establisb- 
munt  of  co-operative  and  other  creamt^ries  or  milk  factories,  coupled  with  s 
moiflt  su minor  and  plenty  of  graB«»  together  with  good  prices  for  all  sorts  of 
produce  and  the  great  tU&  in  wool^  has  put  eTery  settler  into  good  heart  and 
given  him  caune  for  thankful neas.  For  the  year  ending  3lHfc  March  last,  eight 
addiiioual  estates  had  been  opened,  with  a  total  area  of  260,043  acrefi.  and  of 
this  area  the  Selivyn  Estate,  Auckland,  of  159,303  aorefl,  bad  51,000  acrei 
opened  in  December  last,  with  fair  rosultB  ;  another  37,414  acres  were  opened  for 
selection  on  the  23rd  April,  and  some  60,000  acres  of  valuable  rimu  for^ 
milling  timber  have  been  reserved,  and  were  dealt  with  by  the  Auckland 
Boaid  on  timber  royalty  prior  to  the  land  being  opened  fur  selection.  In  Ha* 
Bay  the  Lindsay  Estate  of  13,574  acres  hat  been  wholly  selected  ;  in  WelingtflQ 
theTawfiba  Estate  has  been  only  partially  selected  ;  in  Marlborough  the  much  dii- 
cusf^ed  Flaxbourne  Estate,  of  46,598  acres,  has  been  selected,  all  but  807  acres  of 
partly  town  and  suburban  area,  and  is  returning  an  annual  rental  of  £10,340; 
In  Canterbury  the  three  estates  of  Morioe,  Kin  loch,  and  MtJts,  cootaiiiiii| 
together  an  area  16,170  acre^,  have  nearly  aU  been  allotted  to  selectors,  and  Ua 
balance  iinseleoied  is  fast  being  applied  (or  ;  and,  lastly,  in  O tag o  the  Greenfield 
Settlement,  of  22,071  acre^,  hafi  been  wholly  selected,  'in  addition  t>  the  above, 
(he  Steward  Settlement,  in  Otago,  of  21,344  acr«^,  and  the  Mahuptikn,  Hiiawert, 
and  Dyer  Estates,  in  the  Wairii,rapa  District,  Wellington,  containing  altogethtr 
17,3Sd  acres,  have  been  acq^utred  and  are  being  opened  for  settlement.  Tnere  ii 
stilt  a  very  great  demand  for  land  of  ibis  class  throughout  the  cotooy.  and  bal 
htUe  Crown  land  available  to  satisfy  ihat  demand. 

Estates  offkekd  for  Selbction  during  the  Year  eodiog  the  31st  MaMh, 
IdOG,  under  "The  Land  for  Settlements  CooBolidation  Act,  1000/* 


l»and  DiBtriGt,  and 
Nauiic«  of  Estate 


Anokland^ 

Belwyn 
Hawke  s  IJiiy— 

LindEWky 

Marlboioujfh— 

Bterbury— 

Jlorice 
_Ituloek     ... 

Hills 
Otaso- 

((reeutlald... 


TolalA 


Id 

Area 

of 
EstAtev 

Nuni  bar 

of 
Selectors. 

Area 
anselected 
31  tt  March, 

tJOO. 

AllUllat 

BoDial 
haeed. 

l^D«e.,Iff». 

A.        R.   P. 

159,303    0    0 

as 

A.       R,  P. 

16,m    3  30 

I    s.  d. 

81S    8    1 

... 

i»,S74    0    6 

# 

5.101   7   a  ;  11  April,  1^ 

... 

2,998    «  31 

^ 

l.S8i    1    7 

toe   9    o'ie6March.m 

46,896    0    0 

)«1 

807    a  11 

m,3ao  It  u  sBJaiM,iiei 

M, 

L1,(m    1    5 
fm    280 

180    d    fi  1 
5,0i4    0    0 
940    3    6 

&,KiO  10  10 

4,247  18    0 

699  18    4 

7  i^epl.,  ISJOi 
^l  March,  H» 
ai  Mmxch,  m- 

M» 

2J,(]71    1  Si) 

iO 

... 

4,iNS  U    8 

U  April.  likA 

«. 

a60,M3    3    t 

SM         J 

M,035    1  10 

«»417    8    fl{ 

LAND   FOR  SBTTIiEMBNTB 


4^ 


The  estates,  &c,,  acquired  in  each  district  ander  the  Land  for 
Settlements  Acts  to  the  31st  March,  1906,  are  next  shown  : — 


Name  of  Estate 


Aackland— 
Opoariao     ... 
Okauia 
Rangiatea  ... 
Karapiro 
Feucourt     ... 
Whitaball   ... 
Selwyn 

Cradock  Hamlet 
Het«Da  Hauilei 
KitcheDer  Hamlet . 
Methuen  Hamlet 
Plumer  Hamlet 
Waari  Hamlet 
Bickersiaffe 


Bawke's  Bay— 
Kaureka 
Blathorpe  ... 
Waituarie   ... 
Pouparae    ... 
Touoana    ... 
Ifahora       ... 
Willows       ... 
Hatuma 
flanga-a-toro 
Kumeroa    ... 
Forest  Qate 
Arpyll 
WUan 
Lindsay 


Taranaki— 
Tokaora 
Bpotswood  . 
Claodon 


Wellington— 
Paparangi  ... 
Ohakea 
Te  Mataa    ... 
Aorangi 
Laugdale    ... 
Mangawbata 
Bpiini  Hamlet 
Maungaraki 
Liutou 
Longbasb   ... 
Tablelands... 
Normandala 
Tawaba 


Marlborongb— 
Blind  River 
Omaka 
Pnbipubi    ... 
Starborough 
Riohuiond  Brook 
Waipapa     ... 
North  Hank 
Rainford     ... 
Flaxbourne 


Area 

acquired  and 
banded  over 

Name  of  Estote. 

by  Board. 

▲. 

B.  P. 

Westland— 

7.604 

0    0 

Poema 

5.990 

0    0 

Kokatahi 

4,004 

0    0 

fl.&iS 

0  24 

7,106 

S    6 

8.e&9 

0    0 

lf»,im 

0    0 

33 

0    9 

Canterbury— 

461 

1  34 

Pareora       

20 

885 

Studbolme  Junction 

77 

3  14 

Kapua         

74 

0    0 

Kosebrook  ... 

427 

282 

Otaio           

12,480 

0  19 

Pacoa          

42.738 

3    2 

Tbe  Peaks 

Roimata     

251,690 

8  14 

Kereta         

Braoo          

427 

2    0 

Bpwoirtti     

9,740 

0    0 

Asbley  Gorge 
Omihi  Valley 

430 

2  10 

337 

3    4 

Orakipaoa  ... 

111 

338 

Higbbank 

1.183 

3    0 

Ot«rakaro  ... 

775 

1  86 

Wbarenui 

26.522 

3  20 

Rakitairi 

19,681 

3  12 

Waiapi        

3,774 

2  38 

Horsley  Down 

8.822 

0  13 

Albury         

83,703 

1  30 

H.B.  1682     

10,072 

137 

.     2682  (part)       ... 

13.574 

0    0 

.      364C0 

,      36231    

.      36056  and  36057 

129.010 

1  38 

.      36228    

,      36278    

1.505 

2    8 

310 

3  2{ 

,     30791  (part)       ... 

881 

0  13 

„      36226      . 

Marawiti     

Hekeao 

2,697 

2    4 

Pawabo       

322 

332 

Waikakabi 

1.745 

1  30 

Tamai 

702 

0  19 

Takitu         

1.785 

0    0 

Pareora  No.  2 

9.405 

0    0 

Rautawiri 

1.240 

2  36 

Papaka        

100 

3  14 

Punaroa      ... 

472 

1  20 

Lyndon 

551 

1  36 

Kobika        

3.021 

3  26 

Tarawahi    ... 

5.496 

330 

Rainclifl     

1.623 

0    9 

Pubuka       

2.328 

2  31 

Kaiuiabi     

Kapuatobe 

28.796 

2    8 

Rapuwai     . 
Lyudon  No.  2 
Maytown     ... 

5,507 

0    0 

3.808 

0    0 

Ecclesion    ... 

320 

0    0 

Mead            

.S5.006 

0    0 

Cbamberlain 

5,854 

0    0 

Annan 

3,755 

2    0 

Rose  will      

12.805 

0    0 

Morice 

246 

0  21 

Kinlocb 

46.508 

0    0 

Mills            

114,979 

221 

Area 

acquired  and 

banded  over 

by  Board. 

A.  B.  p. 
3,230  1  6 
l,8B4    8  20 


5.124    3  26 


620 

2  13 

100 

0    7 

674 

1  22 

600 

1    8 

873 

8  14 

4,635 

8  14 

2,811 

0    9 

48 

897 

106 

S29 

27 

2    4 

21 

0    8 

1,165 

3    6 

20 

0    0 

384 

0  81 

9,121 

8    8 

39 

3    9 

73 

1  10 

3.526 

1  26 

1,124 

236 

3.982 

385 

19,630 

1  24 

20 

0    0 

6 

9    4 

154 

8    9 

98 

830 

58 

0  16 

100 

323 

618 

2    0 

100 

0    0 

46 

1  26 

2.028 

233 

2.254 

9  11 

52 

0  18 

48.202 

284 

41 

028 

9.713 

0  87 

8.132 

0  31 

113 

0    7 

1.561 

225 

7.029 

3    6 

4.243 

328 

3.864 

1  10 

31 

8    0 

745 

2    0 

89 

2    7 

100 

2    1 

49 

3  37 

2.247 

2  11 

15.887 

0    0 

391 

3  32 

1.246 

1    5 

5,914 

3  17 

10.500 

1    9 

32.8.58 

233 

38.683 

2  15 

2,25i 

226 

13,0:« 

1    5 

882 

2  30 

262.175 

1  11 

494 


NBW    SBALAITD   OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOE. 


BBtafcei,  &o.,  acquired  in  each  District  under  the  Land  for  Setllamante  Aoti  to 
the  8Ist  March,  1906— ooniimMci. 


Name  of  Estate. 

Otago— 
Poraabaka  Downs . 
Teauaraki  ... 
Tahawai      ... 
Maerewhenaa 
Puketapa    ... 
Ardgowan  ... 
Makareao 
Makareao  Extension 
Momona     ... 
Tokarabi     ... 
Janefleld     ... 
Elderslie     ... 
Baruego 
Earnscleugh 
Windsor  Park  No.  1 
Windsor  Park  No.  3 
Duncan 
Sc  Helen's  ... 
Oreenfleld  ... 


Area 

acq  aired  and 

handed  over 

by  Board. 

A.     B.  p. 

T,478 

351 

70 

11,163 

609 

4,S67 

9,388 

9.589 

224 

.      11,250 

147 

.      11.618 

7.078 

1.299 

8.881 

2.179 

OiS 

647 

.      29,071 


ame  of  Estate. 


9    2 

0  80 

1  36 
8  31 
0  0 
3  28 

0  4 

2  19 

1  16 

2  86 

0  2 
2    4 

2  1 

3  5 
2  16 
2  17 
2  3 
8  90 

1  80 


».665    2    7 


Sonthland— 
Merrivale  . 
Otabu 
Beaumont  . 
Kingway  . 
Qlenbam  . 
Edendale    . 


Area 

acquired  and 

banded  over 

by  Board. 

▲.      B.P. 

9.99B   0  0 

0,153   0  36 

4,484    0  4 

8.2S3    2  8 

11.484   210 

.      19.809   311 


64,183   0S9 

SumiABT. 

Auckland 

•••          ■ 

..    261,889   314 

Hawke'tBay... 

...          . 

..    190.010  lai 

Taranaki       ... 

9.097    9  4 

WeUington    ... 

... 

..      9B.796   9  3 

Marlborough... 

M.                               . 

..    114.979   9  91 

We«Uaad       ... 

...                               ■ 

5.194   8  91 

Canterbury   ... 

■  M                                   . 

..    969.176   111 

Otago 

•  M 

^      89.666   99 

Bonthland     .^ 

- 

..      64.183   Ofl 

Totals 


—    938.173   Oil 


SECTION  XXI.— -THE  GOVERNMENT  VALUATION  OF 
LAND  ACT,  1896,"  AND  AMENDMENTS  OF  1900 
AND  1903. 

Pbiob  to  the  passing  of  "The  Government  Valuation  of  Land  Act, 
1896,"  there  was  an  entire  absence  of  uniformity  in  the  system  of 
making  valuations  of  land  within  the  colony  for  Governmental 
purposes.  Each  lending  Department  employed  a  separate  set 
of  local  valuers  for  valuing  mortgage  securities.  The  Land-tax 
Department  periodically  employed  a  small  army  of  temporary 
valuers  when  it  required  a  new  valuation  of  the  land  of  the  colony 
for  taxation  purposes,  and  each  local  authority  had  its  own 
particular  method  of  making  up  its  roll  for  the  levying  of  rates. 

All  values  required  by  the  Government  Departments  mentioned 
below  and  by  local  bodies,  whether  for  loan,  taxation,  or  other 
purposes,  are  now  made  by  valuers  employed  by  the  State.  These 
valuers  work  upon  the  one  system  which  is  laid  down  by  the  above- 
named  Acts,  and  are  responsible  to  the  Government  alone.  Thej 
receive  a  regular  salary,  and  when  valuing  for  loan  purposes  are  not 
dependent  for  their  remuneration  upon  the  good  will  of  the  person 
whose  property  they  are  valuing. 

Under  the  above-mentioned  Acts  the  Valuer- General  is  required 
to  prepare  valuation  rolls,  showing  the  selling-value  of  all  land  in 
the  colony. 

Briefly  stated,  the  following  are  the  chief  purposes  for  which  lh« 
roll  values  may  be  used : — 

(1.)  As  a  basis  on  which  loans  may  be  granted  by — 
(a.)  The  Advances  to  Settlers  Office. 
(6.)  The  Public  Trust  Office, 
(c.)  The  Government  Insurance  Office, 
(d.)  The  Post  Office. 

(e,)  The  Commissioners  of  Public  Debt  Sinking  Funds. 
(/.)  Such   other  public  offices  as  the  Governor  from 
time  to  time  directs. 

(gr.)  Trustees  and  investors. 

(2.)  As  a  basis  for  the  advancement  of  loans  to  local  bodies  by 
the  Treasury  under  the  Local  Bodies'  Loans  Acts. 


496 


NBW    SSALAHII    OVWICIAL    TKAJt  BOOS 


(S.)  Aft  a  bagie  for  the  levying  of  land- tax  and  looal  riites- 

(4.)  As  a  basis  od  ^bicb  to  assess  stamp  duty  and  duty  od 
deceased  persons'  estate^. 

(6,)  For  the  guidance  of  the  Land  Pure  base  Board  when 
acquiring  land  under  the  Land  for  Settletuents  Act  or  the 
Public  Works  Act  on  behalf  of  the  Government, 

(6.)  For  the  guidance  of  all  who  may  desire  to  ascertain  the 
selling- value  of  ar.y  piece  of  land  lor  investment.  mortgagOv 

or  other  purpose. 

In  view  of  the  many  and  diverse  purposes  for  which  the  rol] 
values  may  be  used^  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  these  values 
should  be  neitlier  above  nor  below  the  fair  market  price,  and  it  is  as 
much  to  the  interest  of  the  owner  as  it  is  to  that  of  the  Deparimeai 
that  the  **  unimproved  value,"  '*  value  of  the  improvements,"  and 
••  capital  value  *'  of  every  property  should  be  accurately  entered  in 
the  roll. 

The  Act  states  tbat  the  *  unimproved  value  of  any  piece  of  land 
means  the  sum  which  the  owner's  estate  or  interest  therein,  if  bd- 
encumbered  by  any  mortgage  or  other  charge  thereon,  and  if  no 
improvements  existed  on  that  particular  piece  of  land,  might  be 
expected  to  realise  at  the  time  of  valuation  U  offered  for  sale  on  such 
reasonable  terras  and  conditions  as  a  bona  fide  seller  might  be 
expected  to  require/' 

There  are  few  terms  used  in  connection  with  land-valuatioD 
which  are  more  imperfectly  understood  than  the  term  **  unimproved 
value."  Some  interpret  the  term  to  mean  the  original  value  of  the 
land  at  the  time  when  it  was  in  its  unimproved  state,  while  other? 
understand  it  to  mean  the  presejtt  value»  assuming  all  the  land  ia 
the  district  to  be  unimproved.  Neither  of  these  interpretations  is 
correct.  The  increased  value  attaching  to  any  piece  of  land  due  to 
the  successful  working  of  other  lands  in  the  district,  or  to  pi-ogressive 
works  affected  by  the  State,  the  general  prosperity  of  the  country, 
high  markets  for  produce,  &c.,  forms  portion  of  the  uxumproved 
value  under  the  New  Zealand  law.  Any  increased  value,  however, 
which  is  represented  by  the  improvements  effected  by  the  individual 
possessor  does  not  form  part  of  the  unimproved  value. 

Land' tax  is  levied  on  the  unimproved  value,  and  so  also  are  the 
local  rates  in  districts  whore  the  Rating  on  Unimproved  Values  Adit 
in  force.  It  is  therefore  particularly  necessary  that  uniformity  of 
unimproved  values  should  be  studied  by  the  valuer,  otherwise  oiu 
owner  would  be  rated  unfairly  in  comparison  wiib  his  neighbour. 

The  Act  defines  *'  improvements  "  and  "  value  of  improvements" 
H..S  follows  : — 


H 


I       GOVERNMENT    VALOA'lION    Ofc^    LAND    AND    ITS    IMPKOVRMBNTS,        497 

I  "'Improvements'  on  land  means  all  work  switually  done  or 
^^^  material   used  thereon  by  the   expenditure  of  capital  or 

^^H  labour  by  any  owner  or  occupier  of  the  land,  oeverthelesa 

^^H  in  so  far  only  as  the  efifect  of  such  work  or  material  used  is 
^^B  to  increase  the  value  of  tbe  land,  and  the  beoetib  thereof  is 
^^H  unexhausted  at  the  lime  of  valuation  ;  but  shall  not  include 
^^H  work  done  or  material  used  on  or  for  the  benefit  of  land  by 

^^B*  the  Crown  or  by  any  statutory  pubhc  body,  unless  such 

^^B  work  has  been  paid  for  by  the  coDtribution  of  the  owner 

^^B  or  occupier  for  that  purpose  :     Provided  that  the  payment 

^^P  of  rates  or  taxes  shall  not  be  deemed  to  be  a  contribution 

^^K  within  the  meaning  of  this  definition/' 

^^H  ***  Value  of  improvements'  means  the  sum  by  which  the 
^^m  improvements  upon  an  owner^s  land  increases  its  value  : 

^^K  Provided  that  the  value  of  improvements  shall  in  no  case 

^^B  be  deemed  to  he  more  than  the  cost  o!  such  improvements 

^^K  estimated  at  the  time  of  valuation,  exclusive  of  the  cost  of 

^^r  repairs  and  maintenauce." 

Subject  to  the  limitations  contamed  in  the  above  definition,  all 
buildings,  fences,  planting,  drainingp  private  roads  and  water-races. 
plearingt  permanent  grasBing,  and  other  work  of  a  permanent  nature 
effected  upon  land  are  improvements. 

The  valuer  must  be  guided,  when  valuing  details  of  improvements, 
by  the  terms  of  tbe  above  definitions,  antl  it  is  necessary,  therefore, 
that  the  Hmitations  referred  to  should  be  considered  in  detail.  Any- 
thing which  can  be  valued  as  an  improvement  must  m  the  first  place 
be  effected  upoJt  the  land  which  is  benefited  by  that  improvement. 
A  public  road  may  be  made  by  an  owner  for  the  purpose  of  increas* 
g  the  value  of  his  land.  This  road  would  not  be  valued  as  an 
iprovement,  as  it  is  not  on  the  land  and  is  not  included  in  tbe  area 
which  is  valued.  Were  the  road  a  private  one,  however,  such  as  a 
farmer  would  make  throu'jfh  his  farm  for  the  convenient  working  of 
bis  holding,  it  would  be  included  in  the  total  area  valued,  and  would 
then  be  also  valued  as  an  improvenient.  Improvements  can  only  be 
valued  to  the  extent  to  which  tJiey  increase  the  seUing*valne  of  the 
land.  Sometimes  an  owner  will  expend  his  capital  and  labour  in- 
judiciously, and  the  result  will  prove  detrimental  to  the  land  instead 
of  being  an  improvement.  Some  lands  hold  grass  better  without 
being  first  ploughed  than  they  do  after  tbe  plough.  The  effect  of 
ploughing  in  such  cases  would  not  be  to  improve  the  selling-value. 
Some  improvements,  such  as  ornamental  shrubbery,  orchards,  lawns, 
vineries,  &c.,  rarely  mcreaae  the  Belling-value  to  the  full  extent  of 
their  cost,  and  should  therefore  be  valued  accordingly. 

The  definition  also  tells  us  that  no  work  can  be  considered  an 
improvement  if  the  benefit  is  exhausted  at  the  time  of  valuation. 
The  Government  lends  money  on  the  security  of  improvements,  and 
it  is  obvious  that  if  exhausted  improvements  were  included  in  the 
valuation  the  security  would  be  a  very  poor  one. 


498  RIW    SBALAITD    OFFICIAL    TSAR-BOOE 

Drainmg  and  orchards  are  improvements  which  frequently  becomo 
exhausted.  As  long  as  a  drain  is  effective  and  acts  as  a  drain  i& 
neces&arity  adds  to  the  selling- value  and  is  an  iniprovement ;  bat  an 
open  drain  which  was  cut  nmny  years  ago  and  has  become  filled  ui 
and  grassed  over,  owing  to  the  necessity  for  it  having  paased  away, 
would  be  considered  as  exhausted. 

From  the  foregoing  it  will  be  seen  that  it  devolves  upon  a  valacr 
to  ascertain  carefully  the  condition  of  an  improvement  before  esli* 
mating  its  value. 

Work  done  by  the  Crown  or  a  public  body  is  not,  the  Act  says,  to 
be  considered  an  improvement  unless  it  is  paid  for  by  the  individual, 
but  expenditure  by  way  of  rates  and  taxes  is  not  to  ba  deemed  to  be 
payment  for  the  work. 

The  expenditure  of  loan-moneys  by  the  Crown  or  by  public  bodies 
is  for  the  benefit  of  the  community  or  district,  and  not  for  the  exclu- 
sive benelit  of  any  individual  or  holding. 

It  would  be  beyond  the  powers  of  any  valuer  to  apportion  the 
value  of  a  public  street,  railway,  telegraph-line,  or,  in  fact,  any  public 
work  amongst^  the  different  holdings  which  derived  benefit  from  that 
work. 

The  amount  at  which  improvements  are  to  be  valued  is  defined 
by  the  Act  as  the  sum  by  which  they  nicrease  the  selling- value  of  the 
land,  j)rovidcd  that  the  value  muat  not  exceed  theco^t,  although  it  may 
be  below  the  cost.  The  cost  of  an  improvement  is  not  necessarily  itA 
selling-value,  as  its  suitability  and  condition  must  be  taken  into 
consideration, 

Machinery,  whether  fixed  to  the  soil  or  not,  is  not  an  improve- 
ment, and  it  is  not  included  in  the  capital  value.  The  buildings 
containing  the  machinery  would,  however,  be  valued  as  ifi 
improvement. 

"Capital  value  "  is  defined  as  follows ; — 

'''Capital  value '  of  land  means  the  sum  which  the  owner* 
estate  or  interest  therein,  if  unencumbered  by  any  mort- 
gage or  other  charge  thereon,  might  be  expected  to  realise 
at  the  time  of  valuation  if  offered  for  sale  on  such  reason* 
able  terms  and  conditions  as  a  botia  Jide  SBilei  might  h$ 
expected  to  require*" 

The  fair  selling-value  in  the  open  market  represents  the  eapilil 
value,  but  not  necessarily  the  auction  value  or  value  derivable  at 
a  forced  sale.  The  valuer  is  required  to  exercise  special  care  lO 
fixing  the  capital  value  at  such  a  sum  as  will  be  fair  to  both  xhs 
borrower  and  the  lender  should  the  property  be  offered  as  • 
security. 


d 


■       GOVERNMENT  VALUATION    OF   LAl^D   AND   ITS   lilFBOVEMENTS.      199 

Dniformity  of  capital  values  is  of  the  utmost  importance.  Land 
o!  similar  quaJity  and  position  shouid  be  valued  uniformly,  whether 
in  a  large  or  a  small  holding. 

Ratepayers  frequently  complain  that  their  rates  will  be  unduly  i 
increased  when  values  are  raised.  This  is  not  a  matter  which  the  i 
Department  has  any  right  to  consider,  however  much  it  may  sympa- 
thize, lis  duties  under  the  Act  are  to  make  a  roll  of  selling-values 
for  various  purposes.  The  responsibility  of  fixing  the  rate  for  local 
rating  purposes  rests  entirely  with  the  local  body,  and,  if  the  seliing- 
vaiues  in  a  district  are  high,  it  is  within  the  power  of  the  ratepayers 
themselves  to  see  that  a  moderate  rate  is  struck. 

It  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  mention  the  relative  numbers  of  the 
land-tax  and  local  ratepayers  within  the  colony »  from  which  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  number  of  persons  who  are  interested  in  the  amount 
of  rate  annually  struck  by  the  local  body  far  exceeds  tlie  number 
who  are  interested  in  the  amount  of  land-tax  annually  fixed  by 
Parliament.  There  are,  roughly ,  145,000  hohiers  of  land  in  the 
colony.  The  total  number  of  land-tax  payers  is  only,  roughly, 
23,000,  while  practically  every  holder  pays  local  rates. 

The  foregoing  remarks  apply  when  valuing  land,  whether  it  is 
leased  or  not ;  but  in  the  case  of  lands  which  are  leased  on  terms 
favourable  to  the  lessee  the  valuer  has,  in  addition^  the  important 
duty  of  determining  what  proportion  of  the  value  belongs  to  the 
owner  and  what  proportion  to  the  lessee. 

The  principle  on  which  lessees*  and  sublessees'  interests  are  to  be 
determined  is  contained  in  '*  The  Government  Valuation  of  Land 
Act.  1903.  • 

Special  provision  is  contained  in  the  Act  for  adjusting  the  relative 
interests  of  owner  and  lessee  year  by  year,  and  this  adjustment  will 
^ways  be  made  by  the  Valuer-General  when  applied  to. 

When  the  values  appearing  on  a  roll  become  out  of  date  a  re- 
vision takes  place,  but  before  any  revised  values  can  take  efifect  the 
district  must  be  gazetted  for  revision  by  Order  in  CounciL  There  is 
no  fixed  period  between  one  revision  and  another.  The  necessity 
for  revision  depends  upon  whellier  or  not  the  roll  values  are 
correct. 

When  a  revision  of  a  district  is  ordered,  the  valuer  makes  a 
thorough  overhaul  of  the  unimproved  values  as  well  as  the  values  of 
improvements  and  capital  values.  During  the  period  intervening 
between  revisions  the  Valuer-General  cannot  alter  the  unimproved 
values  of  the  roH  entries  unless  the  owner  pays  a  fee  to  cover  the 
cost  and  demands  a  revaluation  of  his  property,  or  in  case  of 
an  admitted  error  having  taken  place.  During  this  intervening 
period,  however,  the  Valuer-General  may  keep  values  up  to 
date  by  adding  the  value  of  improvements  which  have  been  put 
on  since  the  revision,  or  by  deducting  the  value  of  those  taken 
■iway.  I 


500  NEW    IGKALAND    OKKIUIAL    TKAR-BOOS.  ^M 

If  additional  improvements  have  been  effected  to  a  prope^y  prior 
to  the  3l6t  March  in  any  year,  they  can  be  rated  for  the  then 
ensuing  year  commencing  on  the  1st  April,  If  they  have  been 
effected  after  the  31st  Maich,  however,  they  cannot  he  rated  until 
the  Ist  April  of  the  following  year.  The  same  rule  applies  lo 
changes  in  occupancy.  Tiie  person  who  is  occupier  on  the  31a 
March  is  placed  on  the  roll  for  the  rates  for  the  ensuing  year,  but  if 
«  person  enters  into  possession  after  the  31at  March  his  name  is  not 
entered  up  until  the  Ist  April  succeeding  the  date  of  occupatioo 
Rolls  are  thus  corrected  m  respect  to  occupancy  and  improvementi 
as  at  the  31st  March  in  each  year,  but  the  unimproved  values  must 
remam  until  a  complete  revision  is  ordered  by  the  Governor  in  Council, 
The  local  authority  is  empowered  by  the  Act  to  amend  its  rating  roll 
in  respect  to  the  occupancy  of  land,  but  cannot  amend  values  on  its 
own  authority.  When  a  property  becomes  subdivided  the  Valuer- 
General  divides  the  existing  value  on  the  roll  proportionately.  No 
alteration  is  made  in  any  entry  on  the  roll  without  giving  the  owner 
and  occupier  due  notice,  in  order  that  they  may  object,  if  necessary, 
but  the  omission  to  give  such  notice  does  not  invalidate  an  assess- 
ment. 

It  has  been  said  that  roll  values  are  used  as  a  guide  to  Govern- 
ment Departments  when  lending  money.  On  receipt  of  an  applica- 
tion for  a  loan  the  lending  Department  is  supplied  with  a  copy  of  the 
existing  roll  value  of  the  security.  The  lending  Boards,  however, 
usually  require  that  the  security  should  be  again  inspected  by  the 
valuer  before  they  grant  the  loan.  This  necessitates  a  revaluation 
of  the  property,  but  such  revaluation  is  not  used  for  either  taxation 
or  rating  purposes.  Since  the  present  Act  came  into  force  these 
revaluations  for  loan  purposes  have,  in  almost  every  case,  exceeded 
the  values  entered  on  the  roll. 

When  the  values  in  a  district  have  been  revised  the  new  roll  ia 
lodged  for  inspection  at  some  public  office,  and  an  advertisement  in 
the  papers  calls  the  attention  of  the  public  to  the  fact,  so  that  every 
person  interested  may  inspect  it.  At  the  same  time  every  owner 
and  occupier  receives  a  notice  showing  at  what  value  his  property  is 
entered.  The  omission  to  give  notice,  however,  does  not,  as  baa 
been  said,  invalidate  the  assessment.  The  Department  invites  the 
fullest  scrutiny  of  its  rolls  before  submitting  them  to  the  Assessment 
Court.  Persons  whose  names  appear  on  the  roll  are  invited  to 
object  if  they  are  of  opinion  that  the  valuer  has  exceeded  the  selling- 
price,  or  for  other  sufficient  cause.  The  fact  that  the  new  valuatioo 
will  cause  an  increase  in  the  amount  of  local  rates  or  land-tax 
payable  is  not  considered  a  sufficient  cause.  The  Department  does 
not  fix  the  rate  in  either  case,  and  any  such  objection  can  only  be  baaed 
on  an  assumption  that  the  rate  to  be  levied  will  be  the  same  as  pre- 
viously. Neither  is  the  fact  that  the  new  valuation  shows  an  in- 
crease or  decrease  on  the  last  valuation  considered  a  sufficient  grotmd 
of  objection,  as  the  selling-value  may  have  increased  or  decreased 
smce  the  last  valuation  was  made,  or  the  previous  valuation  may 
have  been  erroneous. 


JVERtlMRNT    VALUATION    OF    LAND    AND    ITS    IMPROVBMBNTH.     501 

Objections  to  value  can  only  be  oo  the  grouod  that  the  valaation 
does  not  represent  the  true  seUing-value.as  that  is  the  guide  imposed 
by  the  Act,  Of  course,  there  are  legitiDiate  reasons  iov  objection  orr 
other  questions  besides  the  question  of  value,  such  as  errors  in 
ownership,  occupancy,  area»  or  description,  &c,,  which  matters  are 
always  attended  to  and  corrected  without  reference  to  the  Assess- 
ment  Court. 

A  frequent  source  of  objection  is  that  iaiprovemeuts  are  valued 
too  high  or  too  low.  Before  such  an  objection  can  be  maintained 
It  must  be  ascertained  whether  the  capital  value  represents  the  fair 
and  full  selling-valae.  If,  for  instance,  the  capital  value  of  a  property 
is  set  below  the  true  selHng-value.  the  improvements  will  necessarily 
be  valued  in  proportion.  In  such  cases  as  this  an  increase  in  the 
value  of  improvements  would  only  serve  to  increase  the  capital 
value,  and  would  not  reduce  the  uaimproved  value. 

Objections  to  values  are  invariably  referred  to  the  valuer  to 
enable  him  to  review  his  valuation  before  the  sitting  of  the  Assess- 
ment Court,  and  the  objector  receives  in  due  course  a  reply.  If 
the  objection  has  been  allowed  there  is  uo  necessity  for  the 
objector  to  appear  at  the  Court.  Should  it  be  disallowed,  he 
may  carry  it  before  the  Court  for  consideration.  Due  notice  of 
the  sitting  of  the  Court  will  be  given  by  advertisement,  as  required 
by  the  Act, 

If  on  appeal  to  the  Court  the  objection  is  allowed,  the  reduction 
IB  immediately  carried  into  the  roll.  If,  however,  the  owner  is  not 
satisfied  with  the  Court's  decision  he  may,  under  section  31  of  the 
Act  of  1900,  tvithin  fourteen  daijs  of  the  hcarinff,  require  the  Valuer- 
General  either  to  reduce  to  the  value  which  he  considers  to  be  the 
fair  selling -value  or  else  to  purchase  the  property  at  that  raiite. 

On  the  other  hand,  section  30  of  the  1900  Act  provides  that  if 
the  Valuer-General  is  oi  opinion  that  a  Court  has  made  an  unfair 
reduction  in  a  valuation,  he  may,  also  within  fourteen  days  of  the 
hearing,  require  the  owner  to  consent  to  what  he  considers  is  the 
fair  selling- value,  or  else  he  will  acquire  the  property  at  that  vahic 
on  behalf  of  the  Government. 

Power  is  also  given  by  section  18  of  the  same  Act  to  an  owner 
to  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  on  questions  of  law.  On  all 
other  questions  the  decision  of  the  Assessment  Court  is,  however, 
final. 

There  is  still  another  course  open  to  an  owner  who  is  dissatisfied 
with  his  value,  and  he  may  adopt  it  at  any  time  without  reference 
to  the  date  of  sitting  of  the  Court.  Section  7,  subsection  (5).  of 
*'  The  Government  Valuation  of  Land  Act,  1896,"  provides  that  an 
owner,  by  paying  the  fee  prescribed  by  regulation  to  cover  the  cost, 
may  obtain  a  revaluation  of  his  property.  Such  revaluation  is  sub* 
jeot  to  the  same  right  of  objection  and  review  as  it  would  be  in  the 
cose  of  the  revision  of  the  district. 


4 


502 


MEW    XBALAKO  OFFICIAL   TBAR-BOOS. 


The  following  figures  may  be  of  interest  to  those  who  study  Uie 
question  of  land^valuation  : — 

TaBI-B   8H0WIK0    Q4FIT4L   AND    UNIMPBOVKD    VaI^CBS    OF    LaND    IM  TTOI  OoUOm, 


Yfl&r  of  VsjQ^tioii. 

ToUl  Capital  Valaefl. 

TotAl 
I7nimpfo?«d  Val9ts 

w 

M 

M 

99,566,679 

63,&73,86a 

1882 

101,000,000 

•  - 

18S5 

113,370.649 

1688       ,. 

111,1H7,714 

76,497,S79 

1891       .. 

12*2.225,029 

76.832.465 

1897      . 

138,591,347 

64.401,244 

1902 

154,810,132 

94,847.727 

1904 

182,796,241 

112,029,412 

1905 

19^,6«4,475 

122.937,126 

1906      ., 

218,422,552 

137,168»54a 

Tablb  EHownfo  NunBsiia  of  FRBEBOussBa  OF  Lasii>,  outsiok  of  Boboi^bs 
Aim  Town  Districts,  clasbifiko  Aocoaonro  to  Area  hblo  bt  thzm. 


Tear. 

hit 

|sa§ 

Is! 

"og  So 

OO  CO 

4k' 

E  1- 
w  |3 

lid 

pl883 

14,766 

14,967 

1,281 

303 

141 

83 

23 

80,764 

I18B6 

17.075 

15,471 

1,425 

220 

161 

79 

29 

84.450 

ri889 

18.805 

1G,743 

1,413 

221 

134 

80 

27 

37,432 

1892 

19,369 

17,538 

1.658 

208 

148 

84 

30 

38.935 

1902 

20,799 

20,310 

2,144 

260 

123 

70 

23 

43,7^ 

Tlie  total  numbers  of  freeholders  in  the  colony,  including  ownefs 
of  township  lands,  were  as  follows ; — 


In  year  1883 
1886 
1889 
1893 
1902 


71,240 
80,527 
84,547 

91.501 
115.713 


i 


N.B.— It  »liouJd  be  noted  thai  no  leawbolderv,  Crown  or  otherwiae,  are  Us 
oladed  in  the  above  numbers. 


The  result  of  the  general  valuation  of  land  as  in  March,  1898,  if 
given  io  the  report  of  the  Valuer-General  presented  to  both  Housei 
of  Parliament  Since  this  general  valuation  a  revision  has  been 
made  in  many  districts,  which  brings  the  figures  as  corrected  to 


CAPITAL   YAIiUB   OF   LAND,   ETC.  503 

represent  the  valaes  on  the  Slst  March,  1906.  Comparative  figures 
are  here  given  for  1891  and  1906  shelving  the  increase,  and  stating 
separately  the  unimproved  value  and  the  value  of  improvements  : — 

Comparison  of  CapxtaIi  Values,  1891  and  1906. 

ISQL  lOOS.  locrease.  1891  to  1006. 

MM  M 

Uoimproved  value     . .      75,832,465  187.168,548  61,886,088 

Valae  of  improvements     46,892,564  81,254,004  84,861,410 

Totals       ..  £122,225,029       £218,422,552  £96,197,523 

In  the  figures  for  the  North  and  South  Islands  the  relative  degree 
of  increase  is  exhibited  : — 

Capital  Values. 

1801.  1006.  Inorease. 

M  M  M 

North  Island  ..       57,441,115        124,751,914  67,810,799 

South  Island  . .       64,783,914  93,670,688  28,886,724 


Totals       ..  £122,225.029      £218,422,552      £96,197,523 

The  increase  for  the  North  Island  of  £67,310,799  represents  an 
advance  of  117' 18  per  cent,  on  the  value  in  1891,  and  that  of 
£28,886,724  for  the  South  Island,  44*58  per  cent.  The  increase  for 
the  whole  colony  as  shown  above  is  £96,197,523,  or  78-7per  cent. 
The  following  statement  gives  the  capital  value  of  land  and  improve- 
ments in  counties  and  boroughs  as  for  1891  and  1906  : — 

Capital  Valux  of  Land  and  Impbovemekts  in  Counties  and  Bobouqhs. 

1801.  1006. 

M  I 

Counties   ..  ..  85,818,167  144,003,158 

Boroughs..  36,406,862  74,419,894 


Totals  ..      £122,225,029        £218,422,552 

The  increase  in  the  capital  value  of  land  with  improvements  in 
counties  for  the  fifteen  years  is  £58,184,991,  or  67*8  per  cent. ; 
while  that  for  boroughs  is  £38,012,532,  or  104*41  per  cent.  But  the 
value  of  property  in  boroughs  was  added  to  between  1891  and  1906  by 
the  constitution  of  twenty  new  boroughs,  and  that  of  the  counties 
correspondingly  reduced ;  so  that  the  actual  rate  of  increase  in  the 
value  of  country  lands  is  higher  than  indicated  by  the  above  figures, 
and  in  urban  lands  considerably  less.  Comparisons  for  counties  and 
boroughs  are  given  in  the  two  tables  next  following ;  afterwards  the 
gross  capital  value  and  the  capital  value  of  rateable  property  in 
counties,  road  and  town  districts,  with  an  indication  of  the  system 
of  rating  adopted  by  the  local  authorities  for  those  districts.  The 
rateable  values  can  be  used  in  connection  with  the  information 
given  in  Section  III,  **  Local  Governing  Bodies,"  as  to  ratea 
struck,  &c. . — 


[         604                       raw 

ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    YttAB-l 
COUSITIXB,  1891  A%1>  1906, 

aooK, 

n 

^^ABi^E  B^iowing  the  Capital  Valuie  of  Lakd,  with  Imfbovk](|ei«ts  (&nd  dittn  gii^^J 

"             the  Unimproved  Value  of  Lani>),  in  each  County  in  Nrw  Zkauisi:)  accord^^H 

^^      the  Results  of  the  General  Valualion  n: 

ade  in  1891,  and  aa  at  Slat  Ikfarch,  iWi^ 

rNoTalaa«ioiimade,] 

j                Capital  Value, 

Unimproved  Vatoe  of  LuA  % 

^^^^^          Ooimty* 

Land  aod  Improvementa. 

(Icicluded  in  preTioos  colosuW).  ■ 

As  in  Yew 

Aaat3l0t 

As  in  Year 

AftUiict 

imi. 

Mareb,  19C0. 

imi. 

il&rdb.i9ai. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

'          i 

MangoDUi 

196 » 158 

268.495 

152.161 

176.30$ 

Wbani^aroa 

!           6S»825 

82 » 899 

41.379 

51,560 

Bay  of  Islands 

I         365.069 

522.037 

247.612 

34^,967 

Hoki&tiga 

422.865 

603.236 

365.957 

473.047 

Whaugarei 

!         523.420 

867.771(») 

816,003 

471,106M 

HobBon   .. 

325,974 

630.216 

241,880 

411,207 

Otamatea 

368,496 

,         448.836 

166.975 

272,046 

Rodney   . . 

398,S85 

632.235 

173.313 

258. «ai 

Waitemata 

692.013 

1.031,541 

888.668 

580,135 

Eden 

2.002,677 

4,295.338 

991.380 

2.321,&28 

Manukau 

1,385,880 

2.641.418 

664.272 

1,5431.104 

I         latands  (Great  and  LiUJe 

55,284 

61.732 

43,674 

39.821 

Barrier) 

Walh^ke,  t&o* 

71,348 

91.766 

40,211 

49.sn 

Waikato 

682.774 

1.017.791 

282.655 

1         538,564 

Raglan    .. 

357.941 

762.248 

280.945 

48S,2M 

Waipa    ... 

4G4,086 

1.152.334 

197,900 

G*:^,i*s 

Eawiiia  ., 

354,269 

231.140(") 

350,051 

LS6.29I(*) 

Awakino,* 

r) 

334.753 

|3, 

2iG,9U 

Waitomo 

(Ct, 

758,001 

664.984 

Coromandel           . .             . .  ' 

217,120 

524.568 

166.483 

3^^7.490 

Thamoa  . . 

253.013 

371.388 

168.442 

2,S4,m 

Ohinemuri 

204.704 

470,804(^) 

164.182 

C'  ■■"■■"■"■ 

Tauranga 

282.723 

413.830 

172,078 

Piako 

689,384 

1.243.806rt 

427.889 

'T,.^.    ,i,_' 

Rotorua  . .             ,. 

168.371 

679.027 

114.289 

S^^fi 

Wbakatane 

663.785 

394. 265 ft 

548.221 

d$5»flW 

Opotiki    .. 

l«) 

537,816 

CJ 

407.44T 

East  Taupo 

301,681 

676.487 

292,106 

463,071 

Weit  Taupo 

235.997 

457.850 

226.406 

409,575 

Islands  { Mayor  and  Moti  ti) 

• 

5,780 

• 

8.696 

Waiapu 

479.548 

1,900.334 

341.062 

l.32l,m 

Cook 

1,885,856 

6,188.234 

1.175,712 

3,497.869 

Wairoft   .. 

1,101,072 

1,391,183 

786,032 

920.967 

Hawke's  Bay 

3,673,889 

4.998.765(i'| 

2,558,683 

8,778.0Slrt 

(ft)  ExcluidTe  of  Borcmgb  of  M 

hangarci.  which 

in  1S91  foriiifid 

tart  of  county. 

(b)  ExcluBive  of  County  of  Ai 

raUao,  and  part 

of  Counly  of  V 

Vattomo.  whmb 

fa  1891  itmoMi 

part  of  County  of  Kawtti*. 

(ej  Kormerl  part  of  Kiiwbia  Co 
(ci)  t'oiQied  p&rtii  of  KawhSa  a 

uiity. 

nd  Clifioa  Coun 

dM. 

('!)  Excluftive  of  Horonah  of  W 

aihi*  wbiioh  in  I** 

91  foriuedparto 

r  aoooty. 

(«)  ExcluHive  of  Borough  of  T 

e  Aroha.  ^%^hjob  i 

a  itail  formed  pa 

irt  of  county, 

it)  KxcluBive  of  Cciuiitv  of  Ope 
(f)  ForratKl  pan  of  Couoty  of  ' 

tiki,  which  m  lUf 

il  formed  pari  o& 

I  the  County  of  ' 

Wha.ka.itwe. 

jh)  ISxelufiive  ol  a  portion  tran 

Rftirrt'd  to  Raxkgi 

tikal  Ootmliy  dm 

ing  1904, 

^ 

OAPITAIi   VAIiUB   OP   LAND,    ETC.,    IN   OOUNTIB8. 


606 


CouKTiEa:  Capital  Value  op  Land,  etc.,  1891  and  190%— eontinued. 
[*  No  yaluation  made.] 


1                Capital  Value, 

Unimproved  Value  of  Land 

Land  and  Improvements. 

(included  in  previous  columns). 

Connty. 

1891.               1               ^f^ 

^'!S9?"           31stM«ch. 
^^^'                      1906. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Waipawa 

2,178,812 

3,116,829(W) 

1,249,695 

2,013.143(»'») 

Woodville 

0) 

721,336 

0) 

452.537 

Patangata 

1,863,986 

2,767,183(1) 

1,164,909 

2,160, 140(1> 

Weber      .. 

(*) 

368,003 

m 

208,793  ' 

Clifton     . . 

441,325 

765,192  0) 

385,252 

479.641(1) 

Taranaki 

969.579 

2,058, 550(°») 

604,091 

1.200. 561  (m) 

figmont  .. 

(") 

977,359 

(°) 

585,996 

Stratford 

560,345 

1,490,813(0) 

447,602 

902,980ro) 

Hawera  .. 

1,247,436 

2,816,948(P) 

807,887 

1.879.001(P) 

P«ktea 

823,676 

1,389,150 

522,822 

851,901 

Wattotara 

731,668 

1,811,923 

460,842 

913,367 

V^anganui 

1,176,106 

1.629,140(q) 

830,619 

1,080,860(«) 

V^aimarinc 

(') 

709,449 

(') 

604,935 

EUngitikei 

1,476,473 

2,897,632('») 

870.091 

1.763.3C6(rt) 

ELairanga 

(•) 

1,658,808 

(•) 

1,194,749 

Eiwitea  .. 

") 

1,620,974 

(•) 

1,058,069 

Pohangina 

") 

867,155 

(") 

541,227 

Droaa 

2,268,854 

l,600,367(t) 

1,298,417 

1,140, 800  («) 

ICanawatu 

810,171 

1,541,793 

445,416 

1,131,404 

Sorowhenua 

858,648 

1,752.545(") 

651,248 

1,181, 568(«) 

Islands  (Kapiti,  Man  a,  and 
Some!)) 
Obatham  Islands . . 

• 

17,984 

• 

13,378 

1           95,557 

]           55,838 

Pahiatua 

511,400 

1,294,924 

331,634 

736,920 

Akitio 

449, 749 \ 
437,151 

273,370 

GasUepoint 

248.738 

Sketahuna 

(n)  1,831, 209 

631,0951- 

(°)1,057,393 

350,168 

Ifaariceville 

322.707 

162,853 

Masterton 

2,424,485 
1,500,326(^) 

1,664.987 

Wairarapa  South  . . 

1,872,035 

1,104,064 

1.004,363(^) 

Feaiherston 

. 

(-) 

t 2, 535. 470 

(^) 

1,796,719 

I  Approximate. 

(U)  Exclusive  of  the  County  of  Woodville  and  of  Dannevirke  Borough,  which  in  1891  formed 
p«rt0  of  the  Oountv  of  Waipawa. 

(1)  Formed  part  of  Waipawa  County. 

0)  Exclusive  of  Weber  Couuty,  which  in  1891  formed  part  of  Patangata  County. 

(k)  Formed  part  of  Patangata  County. 

(1)  Exclusive  of  portion  or  Borough  of  Waitara  and  of  portion  of  County  of  Waitomo,  which 
in  1891  formed  parts  of  Clifton  County. 

(n)  Exclusive  of  the  Borough  of  Inglewood  and  of  portions  of  the  Borough  of  Waitara  and 
of  Egmont  County,  which  in  1891  formed  parts  of  the  Couuty  of  Taranaki. 

(B)  Formed  part  of  the  Counties  of  Taranaki  and  Hawera. 

(o)  Exclusive  of  the  Borough  of  Stratford,  which  in  1891  formed  part  of  county. 

(p)  Exclusive  of  the  Borough  of  Eltham  and  a  portion  of  Egmont  County,  which  in  1891  formed 
parts  of  Cf^nnty  of  Hawera. 

(Q)  exclusive  of  Waimarino  County,  which  in  1891  formed  part  of  Wanganui  County. 

(T)  Formed  part  of  Waiigauui  County. 

(rl)  Including  portion  transferred  from  Hawke's  Bay  County. 

{»)  Formed  part  of  Oroua  County. 

(t)  EKcliisive  of  Counties  of  Kiwttea,  Pohangina,  and  Kairanga,  which  in  1891  formed  parts  of 
Orona  County 

(ti)  Exclusive  of  the  Borough  of  Levin,  which  in  1891  formed  part  of  the  Horowhenua  County. 

(O)  Late  Wairarapa  North  County. 

(▼)  Exclusive  of  Fearherston  County,  which  in  1891  formed  part  of  Wairarapa  South  Conntv. 

(w)  Formed  pcurt  of  Wairarapa  South  County. 


506  mSW    SBALAITD   OFPtClAL   TBAA-BOOK. 

Ooimms:  Oafital  Valuk  of  Lani>,  etc.,  1891  akd  1906— ^60«iltii«f«(i. 
{*  No  v&laa.tioa  m«d«.i 


Capftai 

Valna, 

Unimprovad  Valna  of  taad 

H 

Laod  mad  liDprov«in«iil«. 

(Included  in  pnsytooa  ftniunraw 

^K              Ooniity. 

b 

AvinTaar     1 

lb9L 

At  at 

81»  M«T«b, 

1SO0. 

As  in  Tear 

Asil 

IflOSc 

£ 

& 

& 

1 

Huu 

1,090J45 

2,254 ,669f>V 

a07,966p) 

520,005 

1.34l.221(* 
125,4g2(»l 

Collingwood 

323,910 

223,876 

Takakft   . . 

(•) 

279,261 

(•) 

u:,m 

WAimea  . . 

1» 190,226 

1,C06,79K(*») 

740,668 

'num'^} 

Sounds    . . 

171,095 

301.129 

124.480 

ii;.4id 

Mwiborough 

1,837,632 

2,777,903 

1.344,120 

3.106.01 

K&ikourft 

aao,53i 

564,030 

209.082 

413,fiO(r 

Buller     .. 

6&1,129 

660,018 

463,407 

42.5, 30a 

InfttigfthuA 

874,948 

867,741 

598.963 

624,821 

Grey 

861,890 

82i,463 

670,528 

6*5.270 

Weatland 

1,048,156 

872,879 

964.4431 

722,830 

Cheviot   .  ♦ 

4%,  765 

9^i4,672 

413.852 

741,trl5 

Amiiri     . . 

*Jiil,221 

1,437,778 

762.518 

1.1H5,064 

Aabloy     .. 

8,801.341 

5,374,692 

2,861.083 

4.32i,90l 

Selwyu    . . 

7,446,756 

9,96e,673l>'»< 

4,897,419 

6,920,38M 

Ak&roa    . . 

1,169.379 

1,975.058(*') 

776,316 

l,564,1>tlt4 

Mount  Herbert 

(,U, 

320,649 

(di, 

BSSjill 

Ashburton 

3,630.383 

6.504.654 

2,691,466 

Sff^38^^| 

Qemldme 

8,257,696 

3,325,963(*i) 

2,316.18$ 

l^itM^H 

Lievolfl     . . 

{'') 

2.030,403 

^n, 

1*^|^^H 

Mackenzie 

736,021 

991,977 

589,528 

^wHI^ 

Wftimate 

2,462,433 

3,727,346 

1,968.587 

8,08y,909 

Waitaki  . . 

2, 701*.  379 

3,241,816 

2,060,640 

2,557,2*3 

Maniototo 

449.650 

729.877 

358,343 

605,701 

Waihemo 

417,887 

465,490 

277,793 

314  JO! 

Waikouaiti 

602,015 

699,839 

309,077 

Peninsula 

414,146 

607,615 

193,301 

Tftieri 

1.330,718 

1,602,275 

931,554 

i. 

Tuapeka 

938,701 

1,191,492 

642,394 

Bruce 

957,438 

l,iy2,667 

600,771 

Olutha    .. 

1.151,046 

l,4t4,091 

772.352 

938^171 

Vincent  .  * 

791,596 

505,201 

637,287 

32H.73e 

Lake 

382,722 

354,812 

274,791     1 

253. 23S 

Fiord       .. 

• 

144,600 

• 

137,830 

Wallace  . . 

1.364,016 

2.019,728 

943,777 

I,-- 

Southland 

8,739,513 

5.518,lt9(<i) 

2,446,830 

37 

Stewart  Island 

85,021 

162,667 

79,690 

lalanda  (Antipodea,  Ao.).. 

• 

13,880 

• 

1-   H*C 

Quarantine    and     Goat 

• 

3,454 

■ 

000 

fstandu 

(^}  KxeluBiveof  tiia  Boroughs  of  Miramar  and  EaatliouFna,  wbiab  In  IflQl  fortuod  pattolliM 
Hutt  Oountv. 

ifi  Exclufitve  of  Countv  of  Takaka,  which  in  1B91  foirmed  pari  of  CJoUiiigwood  Gouaty. 

««)  Forraod  part  of  ColUagirood  Oouoty. 

(^»  Rxdlueive  of  Matufika  Borough,  which  in  ISQL  formed  pari  of  connty. 

(bi)  Kvcluftlvo  of  Llnwood,  Woolaton,  aud  New  Brighton  fiorottsha,  which  in  1891  forni«d  part 
^0f  oonntv. 

^■L   («i)  E.vetuaivo  of  Monnt  Herbftri  County,  which  Ip  1691  formed  part  of  Akaroa  County. 
^^H   t<n)  Formeiji  part  of  Akaroa  County, 

^^K   t*i)  Exciunive  of  Lovele  County  and  Teinuka  and  Ooraldioe  Boroughs,  which  in  1801 
P    ^ru  of  0«r&ldin«  Counlv. 
I  (nj  Ponued  part  of  Oeraldine  County. 

tfi)  Kjio) naive  of  Borouttb  of  Matanta,  &nd  ot  a  v<yT%Uiiv  of  A^enial  Borongh.  vhifih  m 
omitfd  parte  of  Southland  Coun^^ 


CAPITAL   VALUB  OF  IiAKD,   BTO.,   IN   BOBOUQH8. 


607 


BOBOUOHS,   1891   AND  1906. 

JB  showing  the  Capital  Valub  of  Land,  with  Imfrovxments  (and  distingaishin 
•be  Dnimpbovxd  Value  of  Land),  in  each  Borough  in  New  Zealand  acoordin 
•o  the  RettultB  of  the  General  Valaation  made  in  1891,  and  as  at  Slat  March, 
1906. 


Capitol  Valae. 

Unimproved  Valne  of  Land 

Boroogb. 

Land  and  Improyements. 

(inclnded  in  preyious  columns). 

As  in  Year 

As  at  8Ut 

As  in  Year 

As  at  81st 

1891. 

March,  1006. 

1891. 

Blarota,  1906. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

igarei 

« 

208,428 

« 

90,802 

inhead 

77,632 

165,973 

42,833 

67.668 

DDOrt 

BlT 

407,333 

774.622 

163,468 

844,373 

866,098 

699,001 

138.776 

305,153 

oarket 

182,353 

273,870 

82.327 

123,620 

Lynn 

222,355 

610,823 

135.607 

276,588 

nnga 

250,634 

467,468 

111,406 

231,220 

ilton 

90,142 

830,917 

44,684 

185,047 

>ridge 

70.279 

214,854 

26,621 

110,974 

168    .. 

227,171 

273,316 

76,647 

93.972 

mga 

63,026 

104,404 

26,163 

44,712 

roha 

m 

87,044 

s 

34,126 

li 

(•) 

187,610 

64,767 

land 

4,934,288 

7,562,794 

2,471,496 

8,762,141 

>me 

817,989 

941,767 

148,611 

658,104 

er    .. 

1,276,853 

1,639.229 

667,157 

802,685 

IngB 

872,458 

782.243 

230,692 

462,952 

levirke 

(') 

378,759 

m 

228,206 

IviUe 

102,226 

112,899 

67,852 

46,712 

Plymouth     . . 

841,117 

1,197,592 

165,621 

727,339 

ara  . . 

W 

130,287 

(•) 

55,368 

ura  .. 

84,834 

347,619 

37,914 

177,061 

Ik      .. 

43,378 

64,378 

12,065 

22,087 

ford 

(') 

363.917 

(') 

190,908 

%m  ,. 

(•) 

180,164 

s 

98,416 

iwood 

C») 

139,810 

67,055 

ganai 

643,403 

1,341,739 

290,321 

864,429 

on  .. 

83.916 

119.318 

33,736 

40,694 

Bipe  . . 

(hi) 

74,256 

(U) 

41,770 

ling 

146,884 

653.064 

68,199 

325,077 

lerston  North 

489,618 

1,938,831 

310,293 

1,136,282 

on    .. 

85,743 

71.071 

89.755 

28.706 

CI 

n 

113.236 

n 

66,417 

3W    .. 

144,053 

635.650 

70,803 

815,701 

ri     .. 

118,728 

610,204 

74,596 

885,904 

ington — 

ty  portion 

5,865,778 

16,644.018 

8,440,182 

9,611,721 

)  rose  portion 

203,517 

1,985.047 

129,429 

1,363,430 

atua 

« 

207,712 

W 

100.941 

)  Formed  part  of  Whnngarei  County. 

)  Formed  part  of  Pinko  County. 

)  Formed  part  of  Ohinemuri  County. 

I  Formed  part  of  Waipawa  County,  rties. 

I  Formed  part  of  Clifton  and  Taranakl  Conn- 

I  Formed  part  of  Btratford  County. 


(8)  Formed  part  of  Hawera  County. 
(t>)  Formed  part  of  Tarannki  County, 
(hi  Formed  part  of  Kangitikei  County. 
(h9)  Formed  p^rt  of  Horowhenua  County, 
(i)  Formed  part  of  Pahiatua  County. 


^                                  JfSVf    ZKALAWB    OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK, 

^ 

^H           BoaouoHs:  Oapital  Valub  of  Laxtd,  stc..  1891 

Ain>  1SI06— eoMfwMied     ^^ 

1                Capital  Value. 

Unitupiroved  Value  of  lAtjd   1 

Land  and  Improvemente. 

(included  in  prerious eoluma^vl 

Ai  In  Tear            Ai  at  Slit 

AsioYaar 

Aa  >(  9lf| 

18IIL           1    Maz«h,19l». 

urn. 

Maivb.lM 

£ 

£ 

£ 

i 

Miyiterton 

^66.860 

833.546^1^) 

159,861 

410,969^ 

Carterton 

88,650 

173, £53 

31,315 

6^.253 

Greytown 

115,049 

150,028 

34,096 

5<i,044 

Lower  Hutt 

244.075 

962,642 

159,178 

630,016 

Petone    . . 

208,358 

1,198,940 

145,221 

738, 5«8 

Miramar 

374,630 

in 

2.S6,271 

KaBtboorne 

162,773 

<J) 

iu,(m 

Rtobmond 

,           84,285 

99,022 

43,375 

53«£ih 

KelBOD    .. 

942,370 

1,172,525 

389,397 

569^H 

PictoQ     . . 

88,195 

331,192 

41,189 

55!H 

Blenheim 

378,948 

425,073 

167,481 

183^ 

Motueka 

(^) 

145,815 

i""} 

81,838 

Weatport 

166,987 

260,827 

57,782 

107,487 

G  re  jf  mouth 

299,077 

493,061 

114,648 

164,821 

BruDBer 

115,892 

70,552 

16,166 

U,561 

Kumara  . . 

33,565 

84,595 

6,945 

6,08S 

Hokitika 

,         102,708 

176,952 

18,054 

66,<774 

KoBfl 

16,9<il 

21,710 

5,250 

6,4» 

Hftngiora 

153,017 

204,031 

71.161 

Kaiapoi  ,, 

1        IM,055 

106,207 

1          47.023 

IQ^H 

ChriBtchurcli  — 

^^^H 

Central  Ward    .. 

3,403,566 

4,923.485 

1,820,770 

2^28^^^! 

St,  Albans  Ward 

524,822 

1,059,263 

284,988 

stS^^I 

Sydejibam  Ward 

821,060 

],208,911(») 

333,876 

38T^^^| 

Linwood  Ward, 

(mj 

753,976 

m 

^fi^^^l 

Wool  8  ton 

r} 

286,550 

h 

lisjm 

New  Bnghton 

{4 

117.906 

H 

5t,SlJfl 

Sumner  . . 

102,146 

219,796 

60,246 

109  ,«n 

Lyttelton 

851,730 

854,754 

1.50.490 

338,921 

Akaroa    .. 

1           49,407 

69,489 

19,628 

22,7Gt 

Aahburton 

223,091 

445,618 

90,733 

202,140 

Temtika  «. 

n 

137,237 

39,a50 

GerAldine 

h 

93,116 

34,941 

Timaru   . . 

442,830 

913,132 

151,661 

837,461 

Waimate 

75,399 

147,694 

18,759 

61, 90S 

Oamaru  . . 

612,571 

673,711 

279,113 

248.196 

Hampden 

13,195 

22,000 

5,229 

7,400 

Na^eby    ,, 

24,186 

33,418 

2,440 

i,m 

PalmerBtoD 

51,162 

61,043 

16,771 

14,374 

Hawkabory 

46,716 

62,934 

19,823 

28,59 

Port  Cbalmerfi 

200,043 

261,075 

60,946 

d0,i58 

West  Harbour      . 

137,015 

160,509 

68,240 

64,3SS 

North-piftfit  Valley 

276.836 

416,995 

130,271 

161,568 

Maori  Hill 

142,890 

309,849 

67,348 

143,416 

^V     ...  .                                                                          ti)  Value  of  r 

ailway-Atifctfon  (i 

tmjoao)itrtA}ai4 

^H     (it)  Area  of  Borough  reduced  in  1901,    noand-               in  18nt.  e 

xrludod  in  1906 

^H             arynltered.                                                          (m^  Formed  p 

lirt  of  Kelwvn  Co 

onty. 

^^B     tJ>  Formed  part  of  Hutt  County.                              (nj  Formed  pi 

«rtof  Qcrftldine 

^unty; 

^^V     {^)  Formed  piu-t  of  Walmoa  Couoty.                        (o)  Formed  pi 

urt  of  Geiraldme 

CouiitT* 

CAPITAL   VALUE   OK   LAND» 

BTC,    IN    BOBOUOBfi. 

509      1 

BOE000H9 :  Capital  Valui  of  Laud,  stc.,  1691 

A»n  l%KlA-£on««ii«i«d. 

i 

Capititl  Value, 

Uoiuiproved  Value  of  Iiamd 

Borottft^. 

Land  uid  Improvementa. 

(includuil  iu  previous  coluiutigk 

An  in  Yumt 

Ab  at  aisl 

Ai  In  Y««r 

A»  atsivt 

\m 

I. 

icarcbagoe. 

1891, 

Uard9.19l». 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Hn«1yn     ,. 

350 

^m 

782,457 

169,610 

391,699 

Morningtoti 

384, 8T5 

403,906 

125,414 

162,488 

Danedin— 

Leith,    Bell,     High,    aitd 

4,193 

422 

6,162.a6M 

2.124.467 

3.021.684 

South  WardB 

Oavenshara  Ward 

486 

074 

636.742 

217.158 

*>53,616 

South  Duoedin  Ward     . , 

223 

5U 

505,679 

82,609 

142.918 

fit.  Kilda 

118 

477 

327,862 

76.842 

130,541 

Qfeeti  Island 

a6,962 

46,496 

13.585 

14,915 

MoBgie! 

122 

G'i5 

191,612 

53,441 

77,709 

Bozburgfa 

:iO 

123 

32.770 

3.167 

5,061 

Lawrenoe 

79 

om 

119,263 

18.584 

31,988 

Tapanui 

MlTtOQ      .. 

16 

155 

23,229 

2,675 

3,750   , 

7(J»207 

144,108 

14,013 

38,563 

Balclatba 

53 

210 

12U030 

14,547 

48,5S5 

Raitapgata 

54 

976 

100,279 

21.133 

^?1,297 

Arittwto^wn 

24 

58<j 

20,984 

5,012 

3,325 

Qaeanfitown 

65 

153 

63,302 

13.524 

14,531 

Oiomwell 

22 

168 

45,186 

4,658 

10,720 

Alexandra 

13 

578 

51.675 

2,955 

9,879 

Qoro 

142 

708 

417.132 

66,171 

183,300 

Mataura 

IP) 

142.948 

m 

69.292 

WIlltOQ     .  . 

20 

195 

55.419 

7,965 

21.286 

Gladstone 

26 

541 

60.521 

13,625 

24.878 

Avenal     . , 

15 

269 

51,684(1) 

6,687 

I9,64l(tj| 

North  Invercargill 

28 

293 

58,663 

15,640 

20,148 

BaafclnvercargilU. 

42.996 

78.488 

16.385 

26,128 

Invercargill 

959 

140 

1.532.389 

517,879 

689,679 

Bouth  Invercargill 

79 

526 

137.340 

43.813 

45.128 

Riverton 

59,626 

63,683 

22,0^4 

17.922 

CampbeUtown 

97,380 

208,734 

49,130 

89,407 

(n  Fanned  pmrt  of  Soulhlao^ 

I  Connly. 

Ary  niter 

louRh  inoreaeed 
fd. 

iu  1903.    I^iinde 

J 

li 

510 


HBW    EBALAKD   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


Local  Disibiotb,  1906. 

TiBLB  ehowing — (1.)  Capital  Valub  of  Lahd,  with  iMPBOYSinniTa  {mod  distirgiilihing 
the  Unihpboveo  Value  of  Land),  in  eaoh  Godhtt.  Bidikg,  Road  Dibtbict, 
and  Town  Distbict  in  New  Zealand.  (S.)  Oapital  Value  of  Ratkabli 
Pbopebty,  with  Improvements  (and  disUnguisiiing  the  Uhimfboted  Value  oI 
Land),  in  each  Countt«  Ridino,  Road  Distbict,  and  Town  Distbict,  u  al 
dlst  March,  1906. 

NoTK.— The  rateable  value  of  pastoral  lasdH  of  the  Grown  is  fixed,  nnder  ■eetion2of  "TIm 
Bating  Act,  1894."  at  the  annual  rental  capitalised  at  6  per  eent.,  and  In  aome  reeor  is  mors  asd  is 
some  cases  leHS  than  the  assessed  capital  va  ne  of  ssme.  The  rateable  valoea  which  are  ibowa 
below  include,  in  some  cases.  Native  lands  which  are  liable  for  half  rates  only. 


[System  of  rating :  C.V.  signifies  capital  valae,  U.V.  nnimproved  valne,  and  A.V.  annual  valaa] 

Boad  District 

or 
Town  District. 

Gross  Value. 

If 

Rateable  Valoea 

County  and  Riding. 

CaplUl 

Valae 

(Land  and 

Improve- 

mento). 

Unlmpioved 
Value  of 
Ijand  (in- 
cluded in 
previous 
ooiumn). 

Capital 

Value 

(Land  and 

Improve- 

monta). 

Valosof 
Land  (to. 
elndsdio 

colonm). 

Uangonui— 
Kaitaia 
Hohoura 
Oruru 
MangoDui 
Victoria  Valley    .. 
Herekino 

•• 

70,636 
48.078 
62.173 
46.945 
34,761 
35,902 

48,717 
S5,534 
85,954 
24,224 
17.761 
28,916 

£ 
62,366 
39,892 
86,527 
34,124 
81,881 
19,672 

87.485 
16,008 
21,684 
18,881 
14.961 
1S,08T 

Total  of  county 

288,495 

176,106 

C.V. 

213.962 

117.021 

Wbangaroa- 
Whangaroa 
Totara 
Kaeo 

29.177 
22,028 
31.694 

19,629 
13,486 
18.456 

•• 

24,836 
14,418 
22,673 

16,897 

7.134 

U,04T 

Total  of  county 

82.899 

61,669 

C.V. 

61.827 

85,078 

Bay  of  Islands— 
Waimate 
Russell 
Kawakawa 
Pakaraka 

170,544 

67,315 

103.428 

180.750 

110,946 
60,317 
60,304 

131,421 

•• 

146,182 
36,984 
79,772 

137,609 

88,4» 
22,741 
31,664 
90.801 

Total  of  county 

•• 

522,037 

342,987 

C.V. 

400,497 

233.696 

Hokianga— 
VVhangape 
Kohukohu 
Waihou 
Taheke 
Horeke 
Rawene 
Omapere 
Waipoua 

71.639 
83.157 
71,889 
69.346 
28.422 
35,722 
185,956 
57,105 

65,679 
63,070 
61,018 
62,129 
19,506 
21,059 
152,522 
47,064 

•• 

86,646 
60,726 
84,459 
23,061 
26.342 
29,426 
43,976 
84,827 

23.843 
22.799 
24.749 
16,856 
16.4S6 
18.101 
14.917 
24.70S 

Total  of  oounty 

603,236 

472,047 

U.V. 

277,962 

161.895 

LOCAL  DISTRICTS.  511 

Table  showiDg  the  Oafttal  Value  of  Lahd,  Ao.^ continued. 


Road  District 

or 
Town  District. 

Gross  Values. 

It 

00 

1 

Rateable  Valnea 

Oonnty  and  Riding. 

Capital 

Valne 

(Land  and 

Improve- 

mente). 

Cnimprored 
Value  of 
Land  (in- 
olnded  in 
previous 
column). 

Capital 
Valuo 
(Land  and 
Improve- 
ments). 

UnimprovBd 
Valne  of 
Land  (in- 
cluded in 
previous 
column). 

WhaDgarei — 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

OtoDga 

Otonga 

27,501 

12.421 

C.V. 

27,116 

12,226 

Oatlying    . . 

34.373 

18,064 

, , 

23,303 

9,764 

Eiripaka 

Marua 

34.427 

20.606 

o.v. 

29,585 

16.311 

Outlying    . . 

55.973 

37,399 

46,979 

29,170 

Hikarangi.. 

55,163 

31.262 

C.V. 

53,412 

30.601 

Hiknrangi 

K^uribohore 

2-2,822 

11,769 

^ 

22,241 

11,661 

Outlying    . . 

27,443 

16,138 

24,655 

13,360 

Wairua 

Kamo  T.D. 

31,270 

12,369 

O.V. 

29,730 

12,007 

Outlying    . . 

102.969 

54,310 

96,984 

49,167 

Maana 

155,221 

87,891 

C.V. 

146,124 

82,938 

Maonu 

Outlying    . . 

33,924 

21,099 

27,0-25 

14.726 

Mangakabia 

19,604 

11,257 

C.V. 

18,379 

10,072 

Wbareora  . . 

14,293 

7,893 

g 

14,038 

7,638 

Mauaia 

Parua 

30,578 

15,256 

m 

27,957 

13.822 

Outlying    . . 

41,874 

22,310 

38,497 

19,501 

Maungakara- 

31,336 

12,877 

O.v. 

30,308 

12.424 

Maogapai 

mca 
Ruarangi  .. 

14,853 

7,629 

m 

14,345 

7,121 

Waikiekie.. 

37,831 

20,259 

^ 

36,897 

19,660 

Oatlying    . . 

18.556 

9,418 

17,209 

8.346 

WaipuNortb 

21,369 

9,836 

O.v. 

20,783 

9.490 

Waipo 

Outlying    . . 

16,102 

11,549 

,  , 

13,922 

9.369 

Waipu 

40,3-29 

19,494 

C.V. 

37,982 

18.027 

Total  of  ooanty 

867,771 

471,106 

C.V. 

797,471 

417,270 

Hobson — 

Dargaville 

86,743 

53,463 

86,418 

63,168 

Kaiha 

48,308 

33,911 

44,549 

30,162 

Tangowabine 

124,835 

105,120 

106,630 

87,146 

Wairoa 

94,372 

75,124 

85,651 

66,634 

Okaba 

74,245 

43,653 

72,845 

42,962 

Aratapu 

111.033 

53,808 

106,861 

52,243 

To  Koparu 

•• 

90.680 

46,228 

u.v. 

66,766 

30.193 

Total  of  ooanty 

630,216 

411,207 

569,720 

362,387 

Otamatea— 

Tokatoka 

106,865 

70,960 

,  , 

94,886 

59,360 

ICaUkohe              | 

Matakobe  . . 

61,847 

34,038 

C.V. 

50,642 

33.236 

Outlying    . . 

21,926 

16,168 

20,955 

16.297 

Mareretu 

Mareretu 

26,101 

13,853 

C.V. 

25,303 

13.363 

Paparoa 

48,951 

22,649 

46,823 

22.230 

Wairaa 

51,606 

27,508 

50,780 

27.288 

Wbakapiraa 

Wbakapiraa* 

73,803 

47,360 

.  , 

46,360 

28.364 

Kaiwaka 

Mangawai . . 

25,502 

13,175 

C.V. 

23,549 

11.771 

Outlying    . . 

42.236 

26,335 

33,941 

19.680 

Total  of  ooanty 

448,836 

272,046 

o.v. 

398,239 

230,679 

*  No  Board. 


512  NEW    ZEALAND   OPPICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 

Tabia  showinR  the  Capital  Valui  of  Lahd.  Ao. — eonlinu^ 


Road  District 

or 
Town  Dif trict. 

1 

UroRS  Values. 

"^^^  HE* 

menHi.         oolunin). 

Rateable  Val)i« 

Ooiinty  and  Riding 

Capital 

Value 

(Iiand  and 

Improve- 

menu). 

Uniaipnm4 
V.vue.f 
Landdb- 
dadtdiii 
previou 
colomn). 

Rodney 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Hoteo 

V 

Albertland 

8,525 

4,543 

O.V. 

7,833 

4.068 

North 

Outlying    . . 

65.423 

84,005 

, , 

58,894 

27.801 

Albeit 

Albertland 
South 

83,018 

10,531 

O.V. 

31.867 

10.077 

Wharehine 

24.531 

14.926 

«r 

23,846 

14.596 

Tauhoa 

Tauhoa 

41,147 

19.169 

^ 

39.930 

18.461 

Komokoriki 

13,115 

7.815 

m 

10,807 

5.1» 

Kaipara 

Ahuroa 

13.212 

8,353 

» 

12,982 

8,S48 

Outlying    . . 

33.750 

16,713 

32.808 

15.936 

OmahA 

56.031 

26.296 

54,901 

85,811 

Matakana 
West 

31.992 

12.693 

O.V. 

30.487 

12.061 

Matakana 

Matakana 
East 

17,007 

9.562 

• 

16,930 

9.49S 

Eastern  Ma- 

15,061 

7.421 

* 

13.761 

6,781 

^ 

burangi 

( 

Outlying    . . 

32.467 

15.942 

•• 

31.423  ' 

15,418 

Mall  u  ran  gi 

Pt.  Wark- 
worth,  N.W. 

15,866 

7,275 

O.V. 

15.568 

7,087 

( 

Pt.  Wark- 

fi7,437 

24,894 

^ 

64,745 

24.177 

Warkwonh 

worth,Town. 
ship  &  S.VV. 

Puhoi 

Puhoi 

63,653 

39,193 

- 

62,388 

38,953 

Total  of  co\iiity 

632,235 

258,831 

O.V. 

508,660 

243,971 

Waitemata- 

HelenBville 

31,841 

6,529 

A.V. 

29,244  : 

6.215 

Mairetahi 

T.D. 

Outlying    .. 

114,123 

65,535 

103,444 

57,838 

Kaukapakapa 

Kaukapdkapa 

63,915 

33,329 

O.V. 

61,014  ! 

30.949 

Kumeu 

, . 

61,849 

37,363 

59,412 

35.391 

Wainui                   i 

Pukeatua  .. 

39,058 

22,1C4 

O.V. 

34,715 

18.096 

«  ,                           ^ 

Outlying    . . 

64,784 

32.282 

.. 

62,717 

31.649 

Takapuna 

199,481 

124,704 

192,504 

122.164 

Birkenhead 

53,808 

32,343 

50,720 

29,755 

Northcote 

140,576 

72,131 

•  . 

135,516 

68.841 

Waiiakorei 

, , 

145,581 

90,662 

138.320 

85.041 

WaikomitI 

117,025 

63,143 

95,095 

49.738 

Total  of  county 

1,031,541 

580,125 

O.V. 

962,701 

535,657 

Bden  - 

Newton 

Arch  Hill   .. 

142,074 

61,209 

A.V. 

135.494 

57,929 

Grafton 

Eden  Terrac*' 

171,329 

63,196 

O.V. 

170,604 

69,971 

f 

[*'ntCricvalier 

160,930 

58,457 

„ 

52,210 

43.59) 

Whau                       .! 

Mount  Albert 

441,721 

221,823 

„ 

429,988 

216.28S 

Avondrtle    .. 

156,489 

71.858 

^ 

148,340 

66.414 

I 

Mount  Roskill 

244,826 

176.372 

- 

236,756 

172,M« 

LOCAL,    DtSTKICTB. 

511      I 

Tablk  BhowiDg  the  CkFriAi.  Value  of  L&nd,  &Q,—eoniinU6d. 

^ 

Ooimty  ftDd  RtdJa«. 

Roftd  District  1 

or 

Oram  V&laee. 

II 

C»|.itAl 
Value 

UnlmimrrBd 
V^tua  of 

Capital 

Value 

(LAnd  and 

liu  prove- 

men  til. 

Value  of 

Town  Diitrict. 

Itoprove-   1 

Land  (io- 
eluded  ID 
previotit 

OOlUlUD). 

P 

Land  Un- 
ci tided  in 
previQUR 

ICdeii'->can<tfiitfd. 

M 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Mount  Eden 

89B,S10 

383.351 

C.V. 

804,141 

356. B36 

Epsom 

Kpsom 

363. 9S0 

196,761 

^ 

359.450 

193,586 

Pftmeli 

Que  tree  Hill 

476,451 

311,876 

^ 

439,635 

290.466 

Kemiierft    .. 

780»620 

471,875 

* 

756.630 

455,930 

Orakei 

12,982 

11,078 

• 

11,032 

9.326 

Tatnaki  West 

171,775 

123.097 

« 

166,250 

118.897 

Paom  u  re 

22,685 

10.611 

20,475 

9.781 

Tftmaiki 

TowDahip 

Mount   Wei 

253,216 

160,964 

m 

942.886 

155,298 

Toi&]  of  county 

MktitLkftti — 

lingtoD 

4»295,338 

2,821.528 

* 

3.973.791 

2.210,116 

Awhitu       . . 

67,056 

27,106 

av. 

62.800 

26.a4d 

Aiirbitu 

Pollok  Settle, 
ment 

17,548 

8,036 

* 

17,078 

7,872 

Wftiuku 

Waipipt 

197,106 

109,399 

• 

189.866 

105.240 

Wniuku      .. 

144.741 

93.500 

, 

140.341 

90.707 

PftkuTifcrga., 

63,070 

56,568 

, 

82,488 

56.054 

HowieJt 

26,021 

10,305 

• 

23.924 

10,025 

Townibip 

Howiek 

Paparoa     .. 

37,976 

20,998 

„ 

37.816 

20,763 

Eaftt  Titmnki 

167,5^7 

98,975 

, 

167.412 

98.570 

Tutacga     ,  - 

39.139 

17,884 

• 

88,364 

17,819 

Maraetai    . . 

24,003 

13.721 

u.v. 

23,273 

13.621 

Oiftliulm    .. 

162,016 

90.158 

c.v. 

150,396 

85,818 

Otfthuhti 

Manger©     , . 

336,143 

236,908 

• 

325,283 

229,023 

Papatoitoi.. 

81,183 

67,126 

• 

79,944 

56,841 

MftQurewa.. 

67.966 

31,436 

m 

56,872 

31,255 

Papftkura  ., 

70,895 

86,721  ' 

u.v. 

69,981 

36.697 

Wniroa       , . 

138,904 

74.849 

c.v. 

134,362 

72,067 

Pipikunb 

Drury 

74.806 

36,754 

* 

73.279 

36.690 

Papakura 

37,421 

16,424 

• 

34.640 

15,868 

T,D, 

Hunua 

42.698 

22,922 

u.v. 

41,653 

22.857 

Mauku 

86.680 

47,221 

c.v. 

84,887 

46.707 

Karnkft       . . 

78,049 

37,522 

m 

77.248 

37.186 

Pnkekobe 

Pi.k-kohe  W. 
Pukekohe 

173,890 

102,049 

m 

172.617 

101,891 

T.D. 

:      46.844 

,       18.585 

^ 

40,493 

17,915 

Ptikekobe  E. 

169.111 

81.296 

m 

165,825 

80,745 

•NOM 

bla  le^iod.    Tbe  t 

ivbotfl  of  tbe 

OoutitleeActnollal 

force. 

. 

17— Ybk. 

J 

Sl4  HBW    EBALAXD  OFFICIAL  TBAB-BOOB. 

Table  ahowing  the  Capital  Valub  of  Land,  &o. — eontinutd. 


RoadDlitriel 
Town  DUtriol. 

OrotsValOM. 

^* 

Rateable  Vi 

Oomity  and  Biding. 

Capital 

Vain* 

(Land  and 

UntaqnoftA 
Value  of 
Land  (In- 
eluded  in 
previous 
eolunin). 

Capital 

Value 

(Land  and 

Ui 

• 

luiprovn- 
menU). 

Iniprove- 
menu). 

VtiniikAn— continued. 

£ 

£ 

^         1 

Opaheke     . . 

54,803 

23,860 

c.v. 

63,113  ' 

Paparata    . . 

46,760 

19.796 

• 

45,225  1 

Pf'keno 

46,944 

21,616 

. 

44,298 

MauDgatawhiri     - 

MaungAta- 

whiri 
Meroer 

36,405 

15.665 

m 

35,800 

20.749 

11.641 

. 

19.028 

Outlying    . . 

81.274 

62,473 

•• 

62,545 

Total  of  couDty 

2.641,418 

1.501,104 

• 

2,540,140 

1,< 

Islands  — 

Greai  Barrier         I 
Tiitile  Barrier         j 

61,732 

1      39,621 

Nil 

40.818 

Kermadec 

i 

Waiheke 

Hawaii 

i 

Motutapu 

1 

Motiti 

j 

1 

Ponui 

i 

1 

Mottihora 

t 
1 

RaiiKitcto 

j 

1 

1 

Moturoa 

1 

1 

Motuilii 

y 1,766 

1      49,360 

Nil 

76.994  1     4 

Moiutikatika 

1 

1 

Cuvier 

1 

1 

Mokolnnau 

i 

Gn  at  Mercury 

! 

Taranga 

j 

White 

Weik'B  Island 

1 

Whale 

Tiritiri 

1 

1 

Total  of  islands 

153,498 

88,981 

Nil 

117,312^    fl 

Waikato- 

1 

. 

Wt.ai  ganiarino    . . 

Whangama- 
riuo 

151,407 

90,422 

C.V. 

128.901 '    « 

Hiintly 

Hnntly        .. 

131,030 

67,910 

^ 

117.r6.5      * 

Kirkirirott 

Kiiikiriroa. . 

897,^07 

19.3,109 

• 

375,3*J3     » 

Tarnalnre 

Tanialiere  . . 

122,5-20 

60,339 

• 

llG.5t«.    ^ 

('aiubridgo 

Cam  bridge. . 

214,:i5r) 

117,724 
588,504 

» 

211.712  1 

Total  of  county 

1,017,7U1 

c.v. 

950.262  1 

*  No  rate  levied.   Ttie  vi\\o\«&  o\  v\\<&  CoMnties   Act  not  in  force. 


IipCAL   DISTBICX8.  5^1^ 

Table  showing  the  Capital  Value  of  Land,  &o. — continued. 


d  Biding. 


Road  District 

or 
Town  District. 


OroBB  Values. 


ro 
pe 

0 


of  county 


le 

n 

imea 
a 
ko 


hia 

of  county 

rhai 
kiki 
of  county 


> 

moa 
iga 
:i 


Te  Akau* 


CapiUl 
Value 
(La')d  and 
Improve- 
ments). 


143,200 
168,642 
134,706 
113,988 
63,196 
60,551 


Karamu*    . . 

27,992 

Outlying    . . 

15,713 

•• 

34,300 

•• 

762,248 

Newcastle  . . 

119,698 

Nf(aruawahia 

31,696 

T.D. 

, , 

231,877 

Tuhikaramea 

74,022 

Pukekura  .. 

256,191 

175.750 

Tlangiaohia 

189,316 

Te  Awamuiu 

54,725 

T.D. 

Kihikihi 

19,059 

T.D. 

•• 

1,152,334 

24.925 

88,689 

22,484 

87,640 

26,730 

30,772 

281,140 

334,753 

62,002 

65,4R9 

73,8 i4 

40,H80 

75,750 

Unimproved 
Value  of 
Land  (in- 
cluded in 
previous 
column). 


£ 
80,550 

107,901 
74,010 

103,179 
33,595 
31,832 
17,551 
11,374 
22,212 


11 

te  ^ 
03 


71,874      C.V 
10,715 


148,734 
47,842 

141,933 
98,701 

112,004 
27,720 

6,610 


C.V. 


C.V. 


666,198  C.V 


15.692 
67,598 
18,559 
33,287 
22,687 
28,468 


186,291 


246,912 


49,400 
62.257 
59,427 
43,261 
60,880 


Rateable  Valued. 


CaplUl 
Value 
(Land  and 
Improve- 
ments). 


Unlmp 
Value  of 
Land  (in- 
cluded III 
previous 
column). 


I 


£ 

141,605 

154,185 

133,014 

113,936 

69,977 

56,939 

23,270 

14,868 

82,101 


£ 
85,001 
93,762 
72,318 
103,138 
81,636 
29,406 
18,688 
10.106 
20,188 


U.V.  I     729,395  '■     469,237 


117,024         70,6P7 


28,036 

i 

225,696 
73,827  I 
253,150  i 
171,628  i 
187.356 
49,440  I 

15,657  ; 


8.750 

146,787 
47,697 

140,895 
96,789 

111,789 
25,825 

6,058 


1,121,613   655,187 


r 


I 


11,707 
69,694 
12,609 
17,161 
17,209 
11,983 


C.V.  !  130,263 
t   !  255,690 


4,927 
•39,278 

9,326 
13,382 
13,383 
10.109 

90,405 

170,777 


27,150  I 
38,224  I 
3b, 878 
19,860 


47,090 


18,973 
26,947 
26,713 
13,344 
33,165 


*  No  Board.       t  Couuties  Act  not  in  force. 


616 


Tabib  iliowlBf  fhm  OMmu.  Valob  of  X^mb,  i 


Oo«n«FUi4BMlaf. 


ValM 
OmnA 
Impn 


Waitomo— eonttfttMd. 
Paemako 
TaKnUi.. 
Pan  Mokan* 

Total  of  oonniy 

Ooromandel — 
Port  Charles 
Coromaadel 
Mercury  Bay 

Total  of  county 

Thamea— 
HafltiDga 
Kanaerani^ 
Parawai 
Totara 

Total  of  ooanty 

Ohinemuri' 
Waitoa 
Paeroa 
Waitekaari 
Karangahake 

Total  of  county 
Tauranga — 
Katikati 


Te  Puna 

Waimapu 
Te  Puke 
Maketu 

Total  of  county 

Piako— 
Waitoa 
Te  Aroha 
Hatamata 
Taotaoroa 
Patetere 

Total  of  county 


Katikati     . . 

Outlying    . . 

Outlying    . . 

Outlying  (Te 
Puna  Town- 
ship) 


Waitoa 
Matamata. 


6 

00,408 

00,861 

880,147 


768,001 


44,407 
166,790 
831,861 


634,858 


73,046 

48,481 

43,888 

307,679 


871,888 


118,180 

218,068 

48,734 

96,877 


470,804 


64,936 

18,955 

89,989 

1.759 


89,593 

89,817 

108,843 


418,a';0 


451,084 
86,835 

356,834 
55,635 

898,588 


6 

44,973 

41,700 

813,983 


19,110 

18,800 

149.06S 


064,964 


av. 


860.078 


86,031 

88,963 

313,607 


81,641 

188.114 

71.918 


887,480 


O.V. 


886,678 


67,483 

16.611 

17,865 

148,861 


334,199 


O.V. 


88,819 

118,701 

83.040 

84,939 


378,989 


O.V. 


43,104 

17,084 

80,407 

879 


69,883 
54,116 
68,318 


U.V. 


U.V. 


873,136 


U.V. 


334,600 
53,833 

161,176 
83,931 

355,478 


O.V. 

o'.v. 


1,848,806   786,898  O.V. 


*  liiAa  psxt  o\  GOiXoaOcMOBAEi, 


61,416 

41,681 

86,948 

166,996 


396,386 


65,844 

186,158 

84,417 

69,989 


846,878 


63,849 
6,871 

84,644 
1,769 


80,895 
81,679 
99,666 


857,068 


439,408 
78,495 

830,950 
65,189 

868,973 


1.058,954 


£ 

7,9Br 
llS,9Si 


377,41 


SI,flT 

njm 


147,1 


16,16 
9B,« 


177,491 


4S,I6 
Sl,8» 


lTD.11i 


80.«i 

4,8R 

38,1IV 

OS 


5l,t 
47,3 


3»,« 


317,fll 
4A,4I| 


m 


079,8 

1 


liOGAL  DI8TRI0T8.  517 

Tablb  showing  the  Oapftal  Valxtb  of  Land,  Ao.— ^oiOtftcMd 


BoadDlBtriot 

or 
Town  Dittriet 

GroM  Valaes. 

00 

Ctoanty  aod  Biding. 

Capital 
Value 
(Land  and 
Improve- 
ments). 

Unimproved 
Valae  of 
Land  (in- 
cluded in 
previons 
column). 

Capital 
Value 
(Land  and 
Improve- 
ments). 

U  n  Inpctyved 
Value  of 
Land  (in- 
cluded in 
preyious 
column). 

Bofeoma — 
North 
South 

OpotikiT.D. 

*• 

£ 
807,676 
871,451 

£ 
241.693 
283.612 

• 
• 

£ 

91.846 

240.927 

£ 

31,564 

160,066 

Total  of  oouuty 

679.027 

525.305 

Nil. 

832,773 

191,610 

Whakatane— 
Matata 
Omataroa 
Opoiiriao 
l^aimana 

123.347 
95,869 

125,243 
49,806 

106.552 
69,000 

111,018 
39.117 

.. 

66,350 
87,981 
45.978 
41,423 

62,073 
64,776 
33,498 
30,948 

Total  of  county 

394,265 

325.687 

O.V. 

241.727 

181,293 

Opotiki- 
Waioeka 
Ohiwa 
Opotiki 

447,006 
30,780 
60,030 

358,879 
16,715 
31,853 

c.v. 

237,420 
25,113 
64.519 

164,396 
11.079 
29,710 

Total  of  oounty 

537,816 

407,447 

O.V. 

817,052 

195,185 

BaBt  Taupo 

576,487 

463,071 

• 

373,996 

262,136 

WoBt  Tanpo 

457,850 

409,575 

• 

136.898 

90,499 

lalanda— 

Mayor  and  Motiti 

5.780 

3,696 

Nil 

6.780 

8.696 

Waiapu— 
Matakaoa 
Aw&nui 
Piritarau 
Waipiro 
Tokomaru 

282,760 
284,153 
486,074 
452,441 
894,906 

241,611 
221,372 
326,931 
283,206 
248,469 

•• 

259.720 
275,453 
478,244 
451,009 
291,822 

220,448 
217,960 
322.658 
282.774 
147,400 

Total  of  county 

1,900.334  |l, 321, 689 

C.V. 

1,756,248 

1,191.240 

Cook— 
Tolago 

Waikohu 
Waimato 

Waikohu    .. 
Waipaoa    .. 
Mangatu    . . 
Ngatapa     .. 
Waimata   .. 
Pouawa 

853,988       600,024 
604,228  ;     895,977 
179,127  !     102,809 
186,600  ,     120,096 
666,919  •     432,835 
375,975       256,578 
245,887  >     163.528 
1 

c.v. 

m 
- 

758,802 
638,491 
178,478 
186,600 
594,730 
313,334 
245,887 

501.412 
831.660 
102,160 
120,096 
360,910 
194,022 
163,528 

*  Counties  Act  not  in  force. 


518 


HEir    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAD-BOOX. 


Table  showing  the  Capital  Value  of  Land,  &q, — couHmied. 


Bead  Distric 
or 

Gross  Values. 

It 

Bataable  Valoei 

*        Capital 
Value 

Unlmprored 
Value  of 

Capital 

Value 

(Land  and 

loiprove- 

menu). 

Unimprotrf 
Value  of 

Town  Distric 

^'     (Laud  and 
Improve- 
mento). 

Land  (in- 
cluded in 
previoas 
column). 

¥ 

Land  (in- 
cluded Id 
pr«Tiouf 
colamn). 

Cook— continued. 

£> 

£ 

£ 

£ 

1 

Ormond     . 

.       114,800 

77,087 

C.V. 

112,063 

76,547 

1 

Poverty  Ba 

y       256,525 

182,289 

» 

253.513 

181,526 

•  QisborDe 

Taruher 
(Subdiv 
Bions  1,  2) 

u       104,952 

- 

75,702 

104,138 

75,574 

! Taruher 

u         68,393 

82.144 

58,393 

32,144 

(Subdiv 

. 

Wbataupoko          4 

sion  3) 
Whataupok 

0         54,027 

88,204 

64,027  1 

33,204 

{ 

Kaiti 

64,608 

48,506 

, 

64,608 

48,506 

Titirangi 

42.439 

32,006 

* 

42,439 

32,006 

Patatahi 

Patutahi 

.       340,250 

235,002 

m 

337.050 

233,461 

( 

Hangaroa 

.        130.393 

74,906 

m 

75.333 

19.846 

Hangaroa 

Outlying 

.  '     111,770 

66,822 

111,770 

66.8SS 

I 

:  Outl>ing 

.       207,269 

152,610 

,  . 

138,234 

86,787 

Arai    . . 

Arai 

.  ;     590,084 

415,844 

•• 

664,700 

393.811 

Total  of  county 

5,188,234 

3,497,869 

c.v. 

4,727,590 

3,053,523 

Wfliroa— 

Waikaromoana 

624.788 

414,848 

553,862 

348,477 

Clyde                        ; 

Clyde  T.D 

50,196 

i       29,344 

c.v. 

53,859 

26,590 

Outlying 

280,550 

184,948 

238.480 

144.:^ 

Mobaka 

,     426,649 

291,827 

•  • 

347,347 

218,443 

Total  of  county 

1,391,183 

920,967 

c.v. 

1.193,057 

737,879 

Hawke's  Bay— 

! 

Petane 

331,012 

213,512 

325,192 

208,959 

Puketapu 

575,972 

•     424,422 

573,819 

429,674 

Okawa 

801,989 

610,710 

801,527 

610,248 

I^pfl.npA                         ■] 

Tarada'e  T. 

1).        92,083 

'       53,831 

c.v. 

90,024 

53,601 

ITXCOdli-O                                            ^. 

Outlying 

200,890 

128,306 

193,733 

126,838 

Erewhon 

188,8r.2 

1     174,602 

184,862 

160.603 

Maraekakaho 

627,316 

487,296 

,  , 

616,298 

478,023 

Heretaunga 

1,066,242 

825,199 

, . 

1,034,871 

799,314 

Clive 

377,205 

•     292,710 

360.827 

279,316 

Havelock 

737,194 

567,443 

•• 

733,976 

666,401 

Total  of  county 

4,998,705 

3,778,031 

c.v. 

4,915,129 

3,705.&76 

Waipawa— 

Hampden                -j 

North    Ru 

El-       409,990 

288,863 

u.v. 

410,903 

290,76a 

;     tnniwha 

' 

( 

1  Outlying 

57,249 

26,9-24 

48,517 

19.193 

Waipawa 

WAipav\a 

.  '       63,113 

42,125 

u.V. 

63.083 

42,105 

Waipawa  T. 

D         95,853 

46,609 

^ 

86,126 

42,907  1 

Takapau 

Takapau 

340,209 

223,2  ■)4 

m 

337,264 

222.53  1 

Outlying 

.  !     183,788 

103,156 

.. 

178.818 

98.73T| 

tdclL  m&f^itM.  did 

Table  sbowirig  the  dAFiTAL  Valus  of  Land,  &o,—eontinued. 


County  Mid  RIdlog. 


Roftd  District 

or 
Town  District 


Wm'pai^a—  continued 
Ruaianiwrha 

Waipukarau 

Norsewood 

Ormondville 

Dnnnevirke 
Hangatoro 

Total  of  county 

Woodville — 
Woodville 
Maungaataa 
Rumeroa 
Mabarahara 


Total  of  county 


t^aiangata— 

Patangata 

Oero 
Tamamu 


ISparaima 
Pori^ngahau 

Total  of  county 

Weh«r— 
Weber 
Titree  Point 
Wimbledon 

Total  of  county 

Clifton— 
Mokau 
Urenui 
Tikorangi 
VVaihi 
Kgaiimam 

Total  of  county 


Patangata  . . 
Kaikora    N. 

T.D. 
Oero 

Tnmainu  . . 
WanKtead  . . 
VVallingford 
Poraogahau 


Gross  Values. 


Capital 

Value 

(La>id  and 

Improve- 

meau). 


UnlmproTcd 
Value  of 
Land  (in- 
cluded in 
previous 
coluniD). 


I. 


Rateable  Valuer. 


Capital 

Value 
(Land  aud 
Improve- 
ments). 


Unlmprofsd 
Value  of 
Land  (in- 
cluded in 
previous 
column). 


Wnipukurau 
Waipukarau 
T.D.  . . 
Norsewood.. 
Ormondville 

TD. 
Outlying    . . 


i    .   ! 

'  339,565  : 
311,641 

83,769 
1  247,570 
:   36,540 

168,793 

316,983 

:  460,760 

223,433  : 
232,216  ! 

83,190  : 
145,030 
10.307 

90,975  ! 
228.944 
818.117 

U.V. 

£ 

382,879 
308,524 

74,059 

238,391 

82,223 

167.582 
316.388 
456.404 

£ 
217,469 
280,086 

30,910 

138,416 

9,856 

90,860 
228,880 
313,911 

3,115,829 

2,018,143 

u.v. 

3.051,101 

1,975,811 

1 

179,739 

159,237 

202,620 

;  179,740 

106,024 
109,232 
115,493 
121,788 

•  • 

178,646 
157,681 
200,286 
176,852 

106,326 
107,711 
114,282 
119,652 

721,336 

462,537 

u.v. 
c.v. 

A.V. 

c.v. 

* 
• 

713,365 

237,096 
32.548 

497,365 
820.987 
196.686 
465,431 
602.147 

446.970 

237,354 
34,420 

498,091 
821,071 
197,034 
466,557 
612,656 

180,542 
16,471 

408,991 
667,216 
155,867 
346,320 
384,733 

180,519 
16,266 

408,419 
667,188 
156,622 
346,484 
876,161 

12,767,183 

2,160,140 

c.v 

2.752,260 

2,149,608 

;  122,906 
109,841 
135,256 

70,597 

;   61.905 

76,291 

121,616 
108,556 
114,215 

344,387 

70.262 
60,644 
56,738 

[    308,003 

208,793 

c.v. 

187,644 

247,922 

158,406 

90,851 

91).  987 

;  168,026 

1 

^  175,209 

.   90,296 

57,001 

67,295 

89,780 

203,442 

147,596 

90,244 

99,101 

140,186 

132,129 
80,690 
56,889 
66,584 
62,482 

705,192 

479,641 

c.v. 

680,629 

898,774 

520 


HBW    IBALAJSD   OPriGIAI.    TBAA-BOOK* 


TiiBLB  cbowing  ibe  Oafitaju  Vai*ub  of  La^td,  &o. 


Ooavly  iAd  Biding 


or 

Town  Diitrlot. 


UroM  V«]ue«. 


Capit&I 

(Lftnd  and 

meate). 


nniupfotDd 

I>&od  (in- 
cluded in 
previous 
column). 


Bftte^bt*  Vftlnat 


Cttpil&I 

Vitlo« 

(Laiid  and 

Itn  prov©- 

moaux 


Unimpnivri 
Vniueof 
L«ad  (Ib> 
clad«dll 
prwiMI 


Tftfanaki— 
.  WBitara 

MOA 


Omntft 


Tot&l  of  oi)uotj 

Eginont — 
Baiiotu  . . 
Opuo&ke 
Ooo 

Tot&l  of  conn  I; 

Bfcr»fcford— 
North 
East 
OhurB 
West 
South 

Total  of  oouDty 
Hawera — 

Waimaie  J 

Mangatoki 

Okamwa 

EJiham 

Hawora 

I       Mokoia 


1 


& 

£ 

£ 

1         ^ 

f  WaitaraWMt 

Id4«d99 

105,943 

C.V. 

163,596 

lOS.Oil 

Egmont     , . 

137,498 

78,854 

136,483 

78,680 

Heoui 

128/299 

79,594 

127.463 

79,244 

Moa 

644,098 

353.542 

689,080 

952,176 

Mangorej  .. 

79,710 

43,980 

79,581 

43,966 

Walwakaiho 

101,509 

60,531 

97,049 

iUjI 

Elliott 

55.444 

39,093 

54,704 

«■ 

Garringtoti 

104.994 

,       64,422 

104.092 

^ 

Pmnkloy    _ 

74,469 

45,524 

74,348 

«T»? 

Barrett 

116,238 

75,240 

114,474 

74, m 

Oroata 

92.631 

64,006 

79.528 

52,141 

Upper   Hur* 

21,699 

11,481 

21.510 

U,4S! 

ford 

Tataraimaka 

58,504 

32,959 

67,755 

32,756 

Oaktira 

107.4*53 

63,628 

101.725 

68,dCQ 

Okato 

112,173 

67,439 

108.474 

64,m 

Werekino  ., 
Parlbaka   .. 

38.933 

25,078 

37,557 

23,706 

2,058,550 

1,200,561 

c.v. 

2,017.419 

1,172,060 

632,375 

381,499 

c,v. 

616. S42 

371,456 

Opunak&TVD, 

72,915 

39,170 

62,966 

35,63$ 

Manganui  . . 

372,069 

165,327 

266,710 

160.929 

977,359 

585,996 

av. 

946,008 

568,015 

393,113 

215,314 

u.v. 

389,164 

213,857 

•  • 

432,360 

252,296 

, , 

422,297 

242,891 

.  ^ 

282,752 

161,537 

201,508 

132,106 

' 

214,410 

133,977 

210,763 

131,084 

Waimate   .. 

218,178  : 

139.856 

- 

217,038 

139,473 

1,490,813 

902,980 

u.v. 

1*440.764 

859,806 

787,657  i 

530,338 

av. 

781,935 

«M 

KapongaTD. 

25,729 

10,297 

« 

22,415 

^Vl 

Maoaia  T.D. 

46,184 

15,874 

« 

43.178 

ii!Bn 

346,514 

229,980 

845.251 

229.996 

256,563 

188,642 

J , 

254,773 

188,067 

1 . 

275,298 

170,928 

257,237 

153,686 

Norman  by 
Oablfitig    . , 

82,511 

15,119 

u.v. 

30,666 

14.706 

770,215 

532.029 

,, 

757.674 

526.511 

•* 

274,227 

185,794 

-- 

269.640 

181,7© 

1 

^816, 948 

1,879.001 

av. 

1,762,799 

l,S43,Hf 

LOCAL  DI8TBI0T8.  621 

Tablb  showing  the  Capital  Valub  of  Lakd,  ^.—eontinusd. 


BoadI 

o 

Town  I 

Hitriel 

r 

Hfttricl. 

OroM  Valnot. 

li 

CD 

Bateable  Values 

County  and  Biding 

Capital 

Value 

(Land  and 

Iniprove- 

menta). 

Unimprorad 
Value  of 
Land  (in- 
cluded in 
previous 
column). 

Capital 

Value 

(Land  and 

Improve- 

menta). 

Unimmovea 
Value  of 
lAud  (in- 
cluded in 
previous 
column). 

Paiear— 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Patea  West 

862,915 

230.154 

o.v. 

846,751 

226,488 

Otoia 

PAtaa  East 

211,732 

138,714 

• 

208,686 

186,154 

Outlying    . . 

4,458 

4,458 

1,893 

1,893 

Kapara 

1 

141,002 

84,797 

104,822 

66,408 

Kohi 

72,286 

44,934 

c.v. 

71.969 

44,894 

Wairoa 

83,822 

50,989 

* 

78.988 

46,227 

Motoroa     . . 

37,868 

20.908 

• 

87,868 

20,908 

Waitotara 
Momohaki 

1  165,471 

83.477 

m 

154,001 

78,959 

W»Terloy              - 

Okutuku    . . 

79,861 

54.590 

• 

79.861 

64,690 

Whenuakura 
Waitotara 

I  196,846 
82,889 

129,048 

• 

196.767 

129,008 

Waverley 

9.832  !      . 

29,218 

9,172 

i 

T.D. 

Totaljof  ooanty 

1,389.150 

851,901 

O.V. 

1.810,674 

802,689 

W*itotara — 

Tokomaru 

, , 

166,495 

114.851 

.. 

71,804 

21,890 

Waitotara 

,. 

406,115 

296,817 

.. 

891,943 

286,642 

Brans  wick 

369,680 

251,881 

865,877 

249,978 

Wesimere 

Mangawhero 

869,633 

250,368 

•• 

856,450 

246.766 

Total  of  county 

1,311,928 

918,367 

O.V. 

1,185.674 

806,275 

Wanganai— 
Hangawhero 

389,647 

224,351 

C.V. 

805,824 

191,469 

Upper  Wangaehn 

Upper  Wan- 

Raehu 
Mataonga- 

528,292 

326,850 

m 

458,411 

252,811 

Mataongaonga    • . 

'  216.058 

161,526 

• 

215,550 

161,278 

Kaukataa 

onga 
Kaukatea  .. 

87,575 

58,118 

. 

87,849 

58,088 

Pnraa 

Puroa 

249,525 

163.273 

« 

247,449 

162,654 

Raitoke 

Kaitoke      . . 

208,048 

146,747 

• 

204,838 

144,899 

Total  of  ooanty 

1.629.140 

1,080.860 

c.v. 

1,614,421 

970,679 

Walmarino— 
Haiku  ma 

186,095 

160,242 

153,166 

127,719 

Manganui 

Rnapehu 

KaHoi 

189,594 

122,237 

89,108 

22,258 

66,660 

56,670 

89,275 

29,807 

85,450 

33,279 

27,481 

25,366 

Parapara 

114,150 

87,015 

105,561 

79,176 

Raatihi 

82,967 

19,688 

26,768 

15,343 

Ohaknne 

134,633 

115,904        .. 

123,904 

106,249 

ToUl  of  ooanty 

•. 

709.449 

594,935 

u.v, 

515,247 

406,906 

It 

urisw   Ti^iLALAUt}  urriciAi.  tkah-book 

1 

^H                T^BLB  showing  tba  Cafital  Valvh  of  Lakd,  ^.^«onrii«ii44« 

\ 

1                                       1 

[                                       1 

Hoad  District 
TowD  Dislriot. 

Gf  OM  Value*. 

It 

K««Able  Value  1.        1 

Canital 

(Ijat>d  and 
loiprovo- 

UnltnpniTvd 

ViiJueof 
Land  do- 
cludvd  ia 

Valij« 
(Lrmiid  aud 
luijirove- 

iu«nUJ^ 

V»lti«  or 
liAcid  'In- 
cluded IA 
pr«vlo<Ji 
eoliuttoi. 

Hftrgilikci— 

k 

IL 

£ 

1 

^^^  jCrewhoD 

314. 4(W 

257.111 

, 

266,103 

213.605 

^HAwftrua*, 

'     99t,44& 

173.245 

•  » 

254.911 

140JGT 

^^B 

Hun  tern  Ik 

53,947 

22.042   ay. 

49.8oe 

19.892 

Otftiri 

T.D. 

OuUjiog     . . 

321,668 

162.616        .. 

309,588 

151 .9C6 

Te  Kapu» 

344, 86D 

129.842        .. 

209.409 

95,S97 

Wftiigeiehu 

340,644 

203.805        .. 

827.149 

194,530 

liAngitira 

34i  J40 

210.557 

M3.023  1 

210.181 

Purewa 

324,581 

182.927 

321.569 

182, 50J 

L<>thbridgi 

27.352 

11.143     AT. 

25.409 

10,831 

OtiJcftpu 

TD. 

Out»yij»g     .. 

301,021 

207.640       .. 

300.189 

90T.909 

BuDgiioio                1 
^B       Total  of  cottDtj 

Bull's  T.D. 

39.218 

11,735     A.y. 

35.955 

ll.S9d 

Out1yi[>g    . . 

294,768 

180.441        ,. 

293,571 

180.S30 

2,897.632 

1,753,306  1  C,V. 

2,736.732 

1,616.916 

Bangle  abia 

'     222,594 
1     211,290 

139.145 
126.286 

'\ 

212.867 
202.035 

130,119 
117. fcs 

Peep  o*-day 

176,178 

108.120        ., 

155.8^9 

88.S41 

Onga 

174,701 

120.501 

171.301 

117.45! 

Kiv^itPa 

163,502 

110.821 

153.502 

110.821 

Wattuna 

t 

162.2'JO 

108.804 

161.540 

106. &10 

CheUcjiham 

. 

161. 96S  1     112,751  1     .. 

160.285 

112,3.^ 

Kinibolton 

. 

16S.032 

98.602 

160,102 

97.701 

Pakihiliura 

Total  tl  coontj 
PoHftpgina— 

196,474 

128,029        ,. 

195.355 

m«ts9 

1,620.974 

1.063,059     C.V. 

1.572.9^ 

i.oii,im 

Mat  gapikopiko    . . 

138,992 

82,642        .. 

las.a-^a 

80,6aa 

UmuiMi 

142,148 

68,505 

123.738 

70.4« 

Coal  r.reek 

130,404 

79,221 

130.01'6 

T9.088 

Tamaki 

07,831 

67.236 

71,961 

41.3t« 

PohaDgiDft 

66,087 

53,ie6 

84,278 

52.  m 

Mang&ooe 

144.763 

92,169 

*  . 

144, 3TU 

n,m 

A«&Qou 

Total  oF  county 
Manawatu — 

•• 

126.930 

78,246 

** 

119.071 

71,  la 

867,155 

541.227 

O.V. 

809.176 

487.100 

Sandon 

206,975 

147,394 

203.312 

14C.M9 

Mount  Stewart    . . 

•  ■ 

226,253 

100,598 

*  . 

224.029 

\^^^ 

Waitobi 

191,114 

187.962 

,  , 

1U0.44S 

137.1?ia 

Eongoiea 

28.624 

10.646 

C.V. 

25.909 

9.813 

^^ampbell 

TD. 

LJ 

Outlying    .. 

232.342       176,601  >     .*     1 

232.155 

l75.filT 

IiOOAL   DI8TRI0TB.  tAS 

Tablb  showiD^  the  Capital  "^alub  of  Land,  &o,—'e(mtinued. 


Grou  Valaei. 

Rateable  Valnet. 

Ooanty  and  RidlBg. 

Road  Dlitriet 
TownlHatriot. 

Capital 

Value 

(Ijand  and 

ImproTe- 

meata). 

Uniinpronod 
Vaiue  of 
Land  (in- 
cluded in 
previous 
oolomn). 

1 

Capital 
Value 

Improve- 
manta). 

Unimproved 
Value  of 
Land  (in- 
cluded la 
previous 
oolanui)> 

OArnarvon 
Kawakawa 
Aft  ahoa 

' 

£ 
196,382 
240,325 
219,778 

£ 
154,153 
182,267 
162,788 

•• 

£ 
194,096 
239,949 
204,110 

152,916 
182,249 
151,810 

Total  of  ooanty 

1,641,793 

1,131,404 

C.V. 

1,514,008 

1,116,086 

Orona — 

Rangitawa             \ 

Mangaone 

Rau  manga 

liakino 

Taonui 

Hiwinui 

Otangaki 

Hal  combe 

T.D. 
Outlying    . . 

21,195 

107,687 
26,670 
294,7-22 
344,678 
891,181 
36-2, 985 
61,464 

6,308 

74,625 
19.509 
310,909 
260,212 
285,243 
258,941 
30,168 

A.V. 

19,167 

107,622 
26,620 
294,186 
844,149 
889,561 
352,681 
57,880 

6,180 

74,460 
19.459 
210,878 
260,192 
284,885 
253,895 
88,088 

Total  of  county  ' 

1,600,367 

1,140,800     C.V. 

1,591,656 

1.187.982 

Kairanga— 
Mangaone 
Taonui 
Fitzherbert          ..  i 

449,269 
703,876 
606,163 

833,941 
523,648 
337,160 

•• 

447,508 
700,502 
493,384 

338,667 
621,987 
825,429 

Total  of  county 

1,658,808 

1,194,749 

U.V. 

1,641,394 

1,180,978 

Horowbenna — 
Tokomara 
Wirokino 

Otaki                    ..    Otaki 
Te  Horo               . .     Te  Horo     . . 

445,152 
692,056 
383,681 
281,756 

281,667  1     .. 
485,578        .. 
190,688     C.V. 
173,656 

438,805 
636,602 
314,861 
272,811 

277,212 
448,164 
179,455 
165,858 

Total  of  connty 

1,752,645 

1,131,568 

C.V. 

1,663,129 

1,066,684 

Cbatbam  Islands    . . 

95,557 
17,984 

55,838 

• 

92,446 

58,614 

Hlands- 
Kapiti 
Mana 
fiomes 

13,378 

Nil 

10,484 

9,878 

Pahiatua- 
Mangabao 
Pukemika 
Hakari 
Mangaone 
Paketoi 

• 

• 

477,484 
166,646 
211,618 
190,886 
258,890 

294,811  1 
94,215 
111,372 
111,694 
124,928 

466,573 
150,600 
206,383 
190,613 
266,640 

286,886 
92,242 
106,787 
111,466 
128,224 

Total  of  oonnty 

• 

1,294,924 

736,920     U.V. 

1,269,609 

720,104 

*  Counties  Act  not  in  f  oToe. 


524  HIW    IBALAVD  OFFICIAL   TBAE- 

Tablb  Bhowing  the  Oapital  Valub  of  Labd, 


GroMValnea. 

BataableValoec 

OoBDly  and  Bldlji«. 

BoadDistrtet 
TownDirtrict. 

(Land  and 
Iinproy^ 

UBtaBflDfll 

Value  or 
Land(ia- 
elodedla 
prerkNie 
eotama). 

«  . 

Gapftal 

Value 
(Lmadmnd 
Impffove- 

menlei. 

Valwof 
LaiKKia. 
eluded  is 
prerioai 
eoliUBeV 

Akitio- 
Akitio 
Waihi 
Rakaunui 
Pongaroa 
Mataikona 

• 

151,198 
82,483 
41,299 

118,246 
66,529 

£ 
91,429 
47,812 
26,585 
69,818 
88,726 

1  • 

£ 

149,848 
78,241 
87,458 

118,813 
66,169 

£ 

89,739 
48,785 
21,759 
65,506 
88,888 

Total  of  county 

449,749 

278,870 

u.v. 

484,519 

259,125 

GMtlepoint— 
East 
We»t 

1 

Eketahuna 
T.D. 

222,878 
214,778 

181,640 
117,098 

•  • 

222,008 
211,691 

181,600 
116.886 

Total  of  county 

487,161 

248,788 

u.v. 

433,699 

247.996 

Bketahuna— 
Part  West,    part 

E-ist 
West  (pt.) 
East  (pt.) 

146,125 

269,787 
216,183 

81,802 

166,806 
118,060 

u.v. 

135,405 

259,568 
214,517 

77,817 

146,518 
112,819 

Total  of  county 

681,095 

860,168 

u.v. 

609,490 

886,654 

Mauriceville— 
West 
East 

160,426 
162,282 

77,876 
76,478 

•  • 

149,481 
163,018 

68.148 
65,900 

Total  of  county 

822,707 

162,868 

o.v. 

801,444 

184,048 

Masterton— 
Alfredton 
Upper  Taueru 
Rangitumau 
Opaki 
Te  Whitl 
Wainuioru 

1 

840,447 
213,944 
837,581 
695,588 
280,172 
656,763 

174,777 
128,928 
215,348 
884,950 
207.268 
448,726 

•• 

830,777 
218,708 
836,650 
578,208 
279,184 
650,472 

165,797 
128,857 
215,251 
871,890 
906.885 
448.845 

Total  of  county 

•• 

2,424,485 

1.564.987 

c.v. 

2,388,949 

1.526,895 

Wairarapa  South — 
Belvedere 
Dalefield 
Parkvale 
Maungaraki 

257,202 
238,917 
249,159 
755,048 

166,841 
156,254 
169,030 
512,138 

•• 

239,915 
236,498 
245,783 
748,848 

150.783 
155,074 
169,868 
508,179 

Total  of  county 

l,5CO,82C 

1,004.363 

u.v. 

1,471,039 

983,404 

LOOAIt  DI8TBIOTB. 


036 


Tablb  BhowlDg  the  Oapital  Valub  of  Land 

Boad  Dlitrtal 

ot 
Town  Diitrlct. 

ttrofi*  Valui*. 

^li 

Bateable  Valaea 

Gotmt7  and  Rldiof 

Capital 
Value 

IpiproTs- 
mtatUh 

Unimpnmd 
Value  of 
Land  (In- 
etuded  io 
prevlotie 
eolumn^ 

Value 
{Land  and 
ImproTG' 

Value  of 
Land  (in- 
eluded  in 
previous 
oolumn). 

Feathers  ton — 

£ 

£ 

• 

£ 

£ 

Pahaoa 

•851.713 

247,740 

341,300 

289,264 

Greytown 

, . 

339,156 

245.312 

. , 

325,098 

282,456 

Martinhorough      j 

Oatlying    .. 

1^,195 

141,144 

197,463 

189,985 

Martin- 

79.736 

33,125 

dv. 

76.278 

82,592 

borough  T.D. 

Western  Lake 

180.253 

141,000 

163,154 

124,886 

Kabotara 

344.269 

263,870 

, , 

299,294 

226,809 

Outlying    . . 
Featherston 

152.896 

105,216 

150,481 

108,011 

Featherston 

68.992 

21,996 

C.V. 

61,031 

20,919 

T.D. 

Otaraia 

198.631 

151,584 

, , 

116,697 

88,109 

Turanganui 

239.231 

184,933 

221,037 

168,174 

Awbea 

• 

•381,208 

259,849 

•  • 

357,516 

288,832 

Total  of  oounty 

2.535.470 

1,795.719 

c.v. 

2,308,849 

1,614,087 

Hutt— 
Whareroa 

175.524 

86,692 

168,272 

80,029 

Horokiwi 

Outlying    .. 

256,001 

147,961 

.. 

253,986 

147,281 

PHmmertonf 

22.096 

8,130 

. , 

21,475 

7,680 

Johnsonville 

133.707 

79,154 

c.v. 

129,407 

76,884 

Poriroa 

T.D. 

Outlying    . . 

647,165 

312,228 

578,238 

802,078 

MuDgaroa 

395.699 

260,980 

865,990 

238,619 

Epuni 
Wainuiomata 

346.437 

267,331 

327,988 

253,640 

. 

139.862 

90,009 

, , 

121,810 

78,998 

Hakara 

Makixra      . . 

138.179 

88,736 

c.v. 

137,621 

88,616 

Tutal  of  coaniy 

2.254.669 

1,341,221 

C.V. 

2,099,782 

1,278,665 

C5ollingwt)od- 

Aorere 

120.235 

60,848 

. . 

94,137 

87,105 

Pakawaa 

87.733 

64,634 

•• 

70,169 

62,890 

Total  of  connty 

207.968 

125.482 

c.v. 

164,296 

89,495 

Takaka— 

WaiMipu 

, , 

138,737 

65,063 

•  • 

128,210 

67,899 

Anatoki 

140,624 

82,138 

•• 

106,206 

50,078 

Total  of  county 

279,261 

147,191 

u.v. 

234,416 

107.477 

Waixnea— 

Upper  Mou- 

56,013 

25,604 

c.v. 

54,688 

25,115 

Mooters 

tere 

Outlying    . . 

57,979 

34,848 

56,806 

33,719 

*  Approximate.       f  No  Board. 


5Jte  MIW    IBALAIID  OrnOlAL   IBAft-] 

TABE.K  fthowiog  th«  QAPitAXi  ^AfiOi  di  liitoi 


BoadDtetrlet 
TownDlrtriel. 

ORMVataM.        1 

i 

BatMbtaVtfan. 

Couuty  and  Riding. 

Capital 

Valu« 

<rAtid  and 

ImproT»- 

mMtt). 

Value  of 
Landlla- 
emdedta 
pravloM 
eotttmal. 

(Land  and 
iiuprave 
menial. 

Leaiffa. 
cIimMii 
pfifiote 

• 

£ 

B 

«        « 

Uotaeka                | 

Riwaka     .. 

148,G95 

99,890 

O.V. 

141.709 

«;« 

Outiytug    .. 

145,^1 

74,706 

.  . 

186,588 

S.^ 

Stoke 

Sioke 

816,174 

223,004 

av. 

894,097 

MM 

Dovedalo   .. 

63,800 

25,025 

• 

61,768 

UM 

WaMti 

Waimea  W. 

0S,010 

.60,445 

* 

89,810 

n.w 

Outlying    . . 

815,847 

179,180 

898,886 

iM.fn 

Wangapeka 

, , 

188,104 

75,224 

.. 

99,528 

tt.iii 

Motupiko 

, , 

187,061 

87,192 

•  ■ 

107,441 

n.w 

Suburban  N. 

188,411 

72,044 

av. 

124,060 

m» 

Wangamoa 

O-iUying    . . 

9,807 

8,180 

.. 

7,956 

•M 

Maitai,  Out- 

13,146 

15,748 

,. 

19,884 

*M 

lying 

Total  of  ooanly 

1,606,798 

972,484 

O.V. 

1,474,871 

868.111 

SoandB— 

Ptflora^  Soand  por- 

., 

362,954 

149,782 

815,758 

lM,fll 

tion  (Groixelles  to 

Oape  Lambert) 

Queen    Charlotte 

, , 

102,175 

67,678 

.. 

78,615 

44,SU 

Sound  and  Port 

Underwood  por- 

tion 

•• 

Total  of  oounty 

865.129 

217,410 

• 

894,367 

149,911 

Marlborough— 

Pelorut 

PeloruB 

869,981 

284,567 

u.v. 

891,876 

158,511 

Havelook 

Havelook  T.D 

26,650 

8.887 

o.v. 

31,858 

7,581 

Pioton 

Ptctoo 

227,767 

186,954 

• 

918.047 

,   129,111 

Spring  Greek 

Spring  Creek 

2U1,542 

241,005 

» 

286.916 

987,5U 

Omaka 

Omaka 

540,817 

419,541 

m 

584,869 

4I5,» 

Wairau 

Wairau 

477.855 

858,885 

m 

445,801 

99B,8H 

Awatere 

Awatere     . . 

843.291 

705,287 

U.V. 

806,087 

678,5» 

Total  of  oounty 

2,777.908 

2,105,026 

• 

2,605,788 

1,860,501 

Kaikoura— 

Clarence 

, , 

107,335 

79.820 

, , 

87,887 

59,ia 

Suburban 

, , 

137,446 

102.908 

181,655 

99,flS 

Peninsula 

, , 

67,674 

24,725 

, . 

51,006 

23.« 

Oonway 

197,789 

156.089 

, , 

185,856 

ia,(BI 

Hundalee 

68,886 

60.268 

•• 

45,588 

81,901 

Total  of  oounty 

564,080 

418.800 

o.v. 

500,886 

857,551 

'  No  rate  leTied.   Ck>antieB  Aet  not  in  fore«. 


LOCMi   DI8TBIOT8.  5S7 

Tabza  showiDg  the  Gaphaii  Yalus  oI  XiAHD,  4o. — contttiu^ii. 


otinty  aod  Riding 


Boad  District 

or 
Town  District. 


lUer— 
Kararnea 
SVareabea  North  . . 
I¥areatea  South  . . 
Lyell 
Oharlestoo 

Total  of  county 

angahua — 

Hampden 

Boatman's 

Beefton 

Murray  ..  i 

OruHhm^ton 

Antonio's 

Total  of  county  | 

•ey—  : 

Golden  ..  | 

Braiinerton  . .  i 

Waipuria 
Nelson  Greek 
Red  Jack'd  . .  | 

Maori  Greek         . .  j 
Paroa  . .  | 

Marnden 
Uobonu 

Total  of  county 

eatland — 
Arahura 
Kanieri 
Southern 

Total  of  county 

•▼iot — 

HCawkeswood 

Raiwara 

iYaiau 

liowry 

Huninui 

Seaward 

Total  of  county 


GroM  Valuee. 


Capital 

Value 

(Laud  and 

luiprove- 

menta). 


Ghevioi  (part) 


UnimwoTted 
Valieof 
Land  (In- 
cluded in 
previous 
column). 


u 


& 

145,462 

336,868 

90,106 

26.913 

61,169 


660,018 


412,537 

106,236 

183,664 

17,283 

56,4Ur 

91,524 


867,741 


122,713 

148,516 

147,641 

72,002 

111,217 

45,668 

40,905 

21,372 

112,429 


822,463 


84,233 
209,124 
579,622 


872,879 


225,852 
118,310 
152,071 
162,396 
130,102 
136,441 


924,672 


107,687 

185,860 

63,665 

16,813 

51,388 


425,308 


363,638 
75,019 
57,244 
10,954 
49,308 
68,658 


U.V. 


624,821 


U.V. 


105, 
113. 
63, 
99, 
39 
22, 
17, 
98, 


987 
066 
963 
844 
817 
007 
966 
915 
705 


635,270 


53,988 
117,932 
550,800 


G.V. 


Bateable  Valuee 


Value 

(Land  and 

luiprove- 

ments). 


Unimproved 
Value  of 
Land  (in- 
cluded in 
previous 
column). 


£ 

£ 

66,672 

19,080 

236,885 

98,436 

30.C07 

13,124 

11,797 

3,617 

9,882 

2,809 

845,248 

186,465 

84,688 

87,816 

43.864 

13,867 

159,306 

48,329 

9,869 

4,110 

11,104 

3,916 

36,208 

18,152 

844,039 

120,669 

69,379 

87,226 

63,896 

29,188 

63,744 

22.202 

27,583 

10,289 

33,735 

22,885 

33,601 

28,239 

27,766 

11.608 

6,237 

3,238 

38,674 

25,416 

854,565 

189,640 

47,115 

20,103 

Ati    on  A 

80,970  j   62,709 


722,830  G.V.   252,770'  119.186 


185,588 
108,342 
123,887 
119,450 
108,803 
94,960 


"I" 


225,073 
118,310 
150.346 
157,944 
128,904 
132,142 


741,025  ]  U.V.  j  912,719 


186,804 
108,342 
123,377 
117,523 
108,290 
93,802 


736,638 


KEW    ZBALAIID   OFFICIAL  TKAB-BOOK.                                            ■ 

^               Taguc  ibowing  the  CAprTAi<  VALtm  of  Land, 

^.-COHlimMd.                          1 

CotiBtf  •ad  Btdlnf 

BoadDistriol 

or 
Town  DisUicl. 

GroM  ValQM. 

II 

Capital 

Value 
(I/and  mnd 
1  m  pro  To- 

Untapitmd 
Value  of 
lAnd  Un- 
ci uded  in 

Capilal 
Ifitprcrve- 

uiii»|iiiwii  ■ 
V4>wor  ■ 

rn  eniB}. 

coluiunK 

paeoUK 

S^H 

Amuri—                       i 

1 

1 
^     1 

.     <  1 

Hanmer                «. 

386,206 

283.629  1 

359.388 

265,511  ■ 

Pah&u 

, , 

373,003 

290,126 

368.362 

297.5^  1 

Waiaii 

, , 

289,351 

245.217 

286,327 

344.88$  I 

Rotherhain 

-  * 

224,612 

180,403 

223,039 

180,104  ■ 

LyndoD 

Total  ol  oouDfey  ' 
Auhley— 

".. 

165,(507 

135,489  , 

- 

160,139 

'»•"■ 

1,437,778 

1,135,064 

C.V. 

t»397,S55    1,108,0)1 1 

1 

Waipara 

Waipara     ,. 

1,913,637 

1,654,637 

O.V. 

1.867,847    l,650.91li 

L         Mouut  TbomiM    . . 

Ashley 

435,019 

348,533 

421,334 

336,cas 

Kowai 

650,265  1     476,423 

641, 9U 

473,541 

Kowai 

Amberley 
T.D. 

36,603         13.634 

-     1 

32,593 

lt.flM 

Oxford 

Oxford 

540.276       402,896 

609,051 

380,441 

Oust 

CUBt 

227,337       174,611 

, 

224,618 

]74,«4i 

Mandeville 

Mandeville- 
Kanglora 

749,260 

583.537 

740.430 

50O,» 

Weflt  EyretOD      . . 

WestEyroton 

261.911 

223,520 

2€1,029 

2^,181 

EyroboD 

Total  of  ooutity 

Avaa 

Eyre  Ion 
Avon           ,m 

560,495 

444,490 

555,892 

443,148 

5,374,692 

4,323,301 

( 

5,254.705 

4,274.^ 

796,566 

506.417 

c.v. 

776,788 

502,iM 

Riooarlon 

Blocarbon  *. 

1,581,643 

917,254 

• 

1,201,878 

T03,4» 

Temple  ton , . 

660.141 

412,734 

m 

645,716 

40i>,9U 

CouriGBay 

Couftenay . . 

1,146,191 

861,272 

* 

l»  102,930 

840,911 

Malvem     . . 

18^.952 

145,002 

• 

178,416 

141.330 

East  Malvero 

187,^86 

147,971 

, 

183,051 

145,89 

Malvern 

S'lb  MaWern 

127,301 

96,696 

* 

125,511 

96,431 

Upper  Wai. 

65,584 

53,544 

m 

71,146 

61,501 

makariri 

Haaibootft 

Heaibcote*, 

795,111 

453,909 

• 

783,660 

450,541 

Taitapu      . . 

162,907 

126,872 

• 

160,861 

126.411 

HiklBwell 

8  prey  don   . . 

272.768 

133,606 

u.v. 

268,213 

iya.g^ 

HaUwell     .. 

475,132 

340,177 

av 

452,604 

3H 

Colaiidge 

L^keOoleridge 

287.578 

231,086 

^ 

284,789 

^H 

Rakaia 

466.413 

847,951 

« 

450,547 

Sifm 

Linooln 

SpringB 

754,111 

571,762 

• 

714, a55 

509,481 

Lincoln 

432,160 

343.485 

^ 

424,690 

342,0$ 

Ellesniera  . . 

1,638,241 

1,214,774 

* 

1,517.549 

1.2J0.390 

1        EllMinerB 

Soathbddge 

37,588 

14,875 

r 

31,722 

li.aiO 

^^       Total  of  ooun  ty 

T,a 

1 

9,966,673 

6.920,385 

cv. 

9.373,926 

6,657,14« 

^K 

Let  tiot  Id  foT«c.                        fl 

ix>caij  districts. 


6m 


Tabls  ihowing  the  Capital  Valux  of  Lakd»  &o. — eontinu^. 


Oooaty  tJbd  RidiDg 


Roiid  Dlvferiob 

or 
Town  DlBlricl. 


Qrou  VftlnM. 


Cfipital 

Value 

(I>&nd  and 


Value  flf 
Laod  (Id- 
eluded  in 
provioiie 
ooluiiiD}. 


If 


B«t«*ble  ViJaea 


C&piUl 

V&ltte 

(LAod  and 

Improv&- 

m«oct>. 


TTnimiironvA 
Value  of 
LandtJn^ 
duded  Id 
prtiviotts 


Uovint  Herbert — 
port  Victorift 
Port  Levy 

Total  of  county 

Afcaroa — 
Port  Iii»Ty 
Little  Hiver 
Okifciti'8  Bay 
Le  Bon'ft  Bay 
Waioui 

Tot&l  of  county 

Asbburton — 

Mount  Hutt 
South  Eakftift      . , 

Mount  Soxnem 


Upper  Asbburtoo 

Wakmziol 

AAh  burton 

Total  ol  oounty 

Oemldine^ 
Mount  Peel 
R&ukapuka 
Temuka 

Total  of  oon&ty 

Lweli  — 
Tenfiawat 
Point 
Waimataitl 
6eadown 
Gl&remoDt 
Gleniti 
Otipoa 

Total  of  county 


£ 

M 

£ 

£ 

108.084  1 

79,896 

103,086 

78,769 

^ 

.     i 

1 

Pigeon  Bay 

212,665 

173.328 

-     ' 

211,855 

173.018 

320.649 

253,224 

c.v. 

314,441 

251,777 

263,846 

204,145 

o.v. 

262,703 

203.994 

Little  River        6G7.54iO 

561,616 

# 

682,712 

529.911 

Okftin'aBay        240,421 

181,934 

*• 

239,015 

181,650 

Le  Bon's  Bay'     163 » 446 

123.510 

162,939 

123.276 

TownolAktt-       639,784 

493,712 

628,042 

488,648 

.1,975,058 

1,664.917  1 

C.V    [1,925,411 

1.527,479 

Mount  Hatt 

1,278,676 

1.086,668 

c,v. 

1.263,165 

1,079,461 

South  Rakaia 

1,083,258 

890,667 

, 

1,071,159 

886,685 

Al*nt  Somera 

2%.  248 

239,405 

• 

274,643 

226,498 

Aixama 

375.805 

31^,098 

, 

869,879 

307,488 

Upper    Ash. 

1,092,622 

865,403 

» 

1,060,981 

862,962 

burton 

Ringitata  .  * 

890,079 

310,332 

^ 

886,282 

309,369 

Wakannl    .. 

729.921 

582.047 

• 

722,254 

680,804 

HanipBtead 

104,256 

48.294 

• 

93,816 

42,849 

T,R 

Longbeaoh 

781,838 

634,381 

, 

777,718 

6.33,974 

Coldfltream 

292,551 

226,072 

, 

289,635 

225,272 

Tifiwald  T4>. 

79,200 

45.215 

• 

76,226 

44 ,610 

•* 

6.504,654 

5,235,682 

c.v. 

6,411.706 

5,199.692 

Mount  Peel 

483,874 

892.521 

< 
C.V.       467,082 

892,521 

Geraiaine  .. 

852.366 

696.236 

846,913 

695,058 

Temuka 

989,034 

180,008 

979,070 

175,433 

2,325,263 

1.268,766 

C.V.    2,293.065 

1.363,012 

875,261 

312.238 

373,066 

811,821 

, , 

293,191 

235.936 

289,635 

235,040 

288.471 

219,262 

.     ,    288,209 

219.000 

. 

309,344 

266.236 

807.878 

2^5,831 

, 

204,800 

164.935 

203.250 

164.805 

256,484 

144,564 

251,104 

141,629 

802,852 

a22.8ii6 

299,627 

222,265 

•• 

2,030,403 

1,565,986 

C.V.   2,013,688 

1,560.291 

KBVf    SEALAND   OrF^GI^t    JEAll-BOOK. 


^^Rcouoly  mad  Biding. 

Road  District 
or 

GroflB  Values. 

Itataable  V«lo««^     1 

Capital 

VaJiia 

(T.a'»d  and 

luiprove- 

zueotft). 

Valno  of 

Capita] 

Unlnitvyiil 
VtlDeot 

^^m 

Town  Diskrtot. 

Land  if Q- 
cludtHl  la 
previoui 
eoliuuaK 

t-S        (Tjand  and 
«B            lij»i*rov«' 
mctnW^ 

eluded  m 

'       Maekenato—                 1 

£ 

1 
£ 

'1  J 

169,385       216.141 

Te  K«po 

954,156 

321,503 

1           Fdirlie 

824,256 

282,448 

310,6.^1 

1  mM 

1           Albury 

SIM,  877 

235,650       ,. 

286,348 

286,  lid 

^_    O&ve 

118,688 

104.667        .. 

118,647 

104.91 

^V          TotAl  of  couBty 
1                                           '    1 

991»977 

794,168     C.V. 

884,881 

787.04* 

W&itB&tQ— 

Upper  Pareora 

858,318 

815,051  ;     ..     1 

357,698 

2fid,fi 

ho^et  Parsorik     .  * 

8^,392 

268,597 

323,188 

kakfhCaramea 

266,717 

224,495 

265,047 

22^,HI 

Otaio 

462,453 

389,485 

459.134 

387.l« 

Makikihi              ..1 

385,971 

314,485 

378, 9S5 

310.1BI 

Deep  C«ek 

621.079 

492,498 

615,610 

4Vl.S|i 

^    Korth  VVaihao     .J 

1.8(J6,0n 

1,085,848 

1,291,539 

1.076,63? 

^V          Total  of  oouiity  1 

3 .727,346 

3.089»90D 

u.v. 

5,691,301    3,073,031 

-1 

Wftilaki- 

Aimriri                   . .  1 

121,750 

110,116 

120,955        109,11] 

Otekaike                 J 

8'i7,988 

238,281 

318,087       235,T<I 

Aw&iiioko              . . 

453,075 

385,2J6  1     ..     1 

451,1'ia       384.371 

Pavakaio 

621,806 

472,315 

513,«350       STT.Oa 

Wttiareka              . .  1 

625,t>7> 

486,158 

620,317        485*«i 

Inchol^no              . .  | 

228,868 

197.927 

227,797       197,!fl 

Kakauui 

371, 9J9 

302,606 

370,154        aOUM 

OiepopQ                 ,.  ^ 

303, 31W 

220,288 

296,1^1        3^H 

Hoaraki 
^y          Total  of  county 

Maniototo  — 

186,996 

144,196 

181,710        idW^ 

3,241,816 

■i,  557, 283 

c.v. 

3,099,980    2,454,01ll 

1       1 

St.  Baiban's 

95,8£9 

59,520 

.. 

91.980 

58,  lid 

IdaburD 

85,671 

62,188 

. , 

84,218 

61t^ili| 

Mount  Ida 

245,207 

159,690 

232,»*49 

153,^9 

Kyebyro 

63.909 

46,797 

67,999 

46.yilB 

Puketol 

138,019 

103,002 

.  . 

135,093 

IQUJH 

Hyde 

40,543 

25,640 

33,377  - 

^^^H 

^^    Serpentine            . .  | 

56,120 

48,725 

53.123 

«l^ 

^f        Total  of  ooutitj 
Walbf  jno — 

.. 

729,877 

605,762 

c.v. 

708.  G39 

491,lj 

■ 

Gre«^ii  Valley        ..  | 

45  ^64 

31,173 

44.665 

SOr^fl 

Diitiback                . .  1 

6<),23G 

38,199  1 

68,7S0 

37,ttll 

Maorao's 

.. 

96.8.J1 

63,866 

.» 

95.315 

obhh 

IiOCAL  D18TBICT&.  531 

Tabub  showing  the  Capital  Value  of  Land,  Sui.—eimtihwd, 


Road  District 

Gross  Values. 

1- 

B  o 

Oonnty  and  Riding. 

Capital 
Value 
(Land  and 
Improve- 
ments). 

UnlmproTed 
Value  of 

Capital 

Value 

Unimprored 
Value  of 

Town  District. 

Land  (in- 
cluded in 
previous 
column). 

1^ 

CO 

(Land  and 
Improve- 
ments). 

Land  (in- 
cluded in 
previous 
column). 

Walbemo — eontd. 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Blue  Mountain    . . 

, , 

86,484 

57,981 

85.688 

67,670 

Me&dowbank 

31,788 

25,727 

31,763 

26,702 

Bushy 

77,780 

51,383 

77,758 

51,356 

Goodwood 

67.107 

45,772 

66,554 

46,780 

Total  of  county 

465,490 

314,101 

C.V. 

460,388 

312,856 

Waikoaaiti^ 

Uawlcsbury 

196,702 

139.471 

. . 

194,574 

139,163 

llerton 

258,210 

116,729 

. . 

163.474 

108.640 

Bluei^kin 

166,604 

80,100 

153,977 

77,020 

Northeast  Valley 

79,323 

43,080 

•• 

78,142 

42,310 

Total  of  county 

699,839 

879,380 

C.V. 

590.167 

367,033 

Pexiinsala— 

Otago  Hesds 

64,873 

83,764 

C.V. 

40,692 

24,976 

Portobello  Bay 

Portobello 
(Portobello 
Ward) 

65,331 

38,610 

• 

62,501 

38,224 

Broad  Bay 

Portobello 
(Broad  Bay 
Ward) 

Portobello 

59,746 

34,483 

" 

58,€51 

34.161 

North-east  Harbour 

64,417 

36,618 

^ 

63,172 

8&,2a8 

(North-east 

» 

Harbour 
Ward) 
Peninsula 

Sandymount 

56,670 

36,046 

54,670 

86,946 

(Sandy- 

mount 
Ward) 
Peninsula 

Highcliff 

69,141 

40,399 

» 

69,540 

89,964 

(Higholifl 

Ward) 

Anderson's  Bay  . . 

Peninsula 
(Anderson's 
Bav  Ward) 

21,033 

16.365 

m 

21,033 

16,366 

Bay  Town  Dis- 

172,195 

101,255 

• 

168 ,190 

100,190 

trict 

Tomahawk 

Tomahawk . . 

35,209 

24,519 

» 

34,514 

23,949 

Total  of  county 

607,615 

362,059 

• 

562,863 

350,023 

*  No  rate  levied.    Ck>mit{e8  Act  not  wholly  In  fbree. 


532  NBW    SRALAND  OFFIOIAL   TBAR-BOOX. 

Tabia  Bbowing  Ihe  Capital  VALxnB  of  Lahd,  Ac—^onHnued, 


BoadDlstrlet 

or 
TownDittriet. 

Gross  Valaas. 

BataableValsM. 

Coanty  and  Riding. 

Capital 
Value 

Improve- 
menta). 

Ualmpiofad 
Value  of 
Landdn- 
eladad  in 
preTioos 
oolnma). 

S^ 

Gaplftal 

Value 

(Land  and 

ImproT»- 

menls). 

UniBifravil 
VaJoaof 
Land  (is 
elQdadlB 
pravioas 
oolnms). 

Taieri— 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Strath  Taieri 

228,255 

161,947 

, , 

224.936 

161 ,0» 

Deep  Stream 

153,645 

119.223 

150.844 

117,2W 

MauDgatua 

189,226 

144.085 

, , 

185.146 

142.199 

Outram 

Outram  T.D. 

45,480 

22,016 

C.V. 

38.564 

20.598 

OuilyiDg    . . 

208,987 

177.048 

208.396 

176.937 

East  Taieri 

184,315 

135,132 

181,878 

134,650 

North  Taieri 

182,287 

115,697 

180,114 

115,210 

Kaikorai 

, , 

243,699 

130,214 

241,114 

128.829 

Otokia                    1 

AUantonT.D. 

10,105 

8.540 

dv. 

7,737 

2,912 

Outlying    . . 

156,876 

106.465 

•  • 

152,518 

105.807 

Total  of  county 

1,602,275 

1.115,212 

C.V. 

1,571,242 

1.104,488 

Taapeka— 

TbViot 

176,786 

110,741 

171.961 

107.222 

James 

393,192 

318,282 

886,457 

816.006 

Beaumont 

49.221 

35,305 

45.564 

32.870 

Gabriera 

39,090 

22,216 

27,628 

11.676 

Waipori 

40,074 

28,928 

36,810 

26,8ai 

Tapanui 

258,514 

195,076 

247,941 

191.092 

Brown's 

105,126 

72,479 

101.860 

70.101 

Clark's 

63,381 

43,977 

61,372 

43.131 

Waiiahuna 

•• 

66,108 

39,498 

60,336 

36.425 

Total  of  county 

1,191,492 

866,502 

C.V: 

1,138.909 

834.402 

Bruoa— 

Clarendon 

, , 

71,471 

50,580 

, , 

70,926 

60,260 

Mount  Stuart 

Mount  Stuart 

118,218 

83,121 

C.V. 

115,910 

81.779 

Waihola 

, , 

87,114 

48,926 

,  , 

83,832 

47,786 

Balmoral 

Balmoral   .. 

254,158 

202,724 

C.V. 

252,508 

201,874 

Tokomairiro 

283,973 

208,562 

277,092 

207.176 

Olenledi 

44,046 

30,121 

42,973 

29,461 

Ciichton 

96,011 

70,285 

95,156 

70,064 

Kaitangata 

., 

67,909 

48,259 

, . 

66.475 

47,367 

Matau 

Inch-Clutha 

82,695 

64,785 

C.V. 

81.745 

64,645 

Outlying    . . 

87,072 

58,417 

C.V. 

86.272 

58.117 

Total  of  county 

1,192,667 

865,780 

1,172.888 

858,049 

Clutha— 

Glenkenich 

154,219 

104,682 

,  . 

152,704 

104,564 

Waipahi 

140,145 

92,784 

137,489 

91,958 

Clydevale 

115,016 

87,274 

114.314 

87,162 

Pomahaka 

198,660 

151,574 

, , 

191.811 

147,228 

Clinton                   | 

Clinton  T.D. 

21,148 

6,486 

A.V.         18,431  1 

6,051 

Outlying    . . 

66.607 

51,220 

. 

.     1 

66,752  1 

60.520 

LOCAL  DIBTBI0T8.  6S6 

Tablb  showiDg  the  Capital  Valcx  of  Land,  Aci-'ConHnued. 


Bead  DiBtriet 
TowaDUtriet. 

QroBB  Values. 

^^ 

Bateable  Valuea 

J  aadBidlnc 

Capital 

Value 

iDiprove- 
mente). 

Value  o( 
Land  (in- 
claded  in 
previous 
column). 

Capital 

Valua 

(Land  and 

Improve- 

menU). 

ValMof 
Land  (in- 
eluded  in 
previous 
column). 

-'COtUd, 

k&a 

lardaon 

h  Molyneoz . . 

tn*8 

Otautau  T.D 
Outlying    . . 

191,228 
172,838 
155,787 
198,453 

125,738 

122,103 

89,391 

106,927 

•• 

£ 
191,010 
166,386 
14J,885 
154,807 

£ 

125,638 

119,828 

85,153 

69,709 

?otal  of  county 

1,414,091 

938,174 

O.V. 

1,835,089 

887,811 

■    (Qoaranttna 
Ooat) 

It— 

rea 

.ha 

iiB 

akanai 

mherikia 

iBtan 

riok 

naoleugh 

3,454 

900 

Nil 

-• 

•• 

92,882 
43,402 
28,539 
84,088 
76,416 
104,610 
87,598 
43,216 

67,004 
22,698 
16,208 
54,668 
50,848 
62,384 
26,017 
24,409 

82,915 
80,658 
22,202 
74.961 
70,020 
93,823 
37,846 
84,614 

63,057 
13,881 
15,868 
50,127 
49,861 
59,655 
27,235 
19,927 

total  of  county 

605,201 

823.736 

O.V. 

446,539 

299,606 

^kitnki 

tover 

Bnstona 

irona 

moMtomn 

>w 

galon 

23,383 
20,592 
48,819 
46,058 
58,313 
96,536 
61,111 

19,508 
17,057 
88,530 
27,180 
87,560 
64,499 
48,899 

6,621 
5,701 
21,918 
25,605 
46,471 
88,741 
43,407 

8,554 
4,481 
12,511 
11,390 
29,876 
58,996 
83,141 

Cotal  of  ooanty 

354,812 

253,233 

O.V. 

238,459 

153,449 

.. 

144.600 

187,820 

Nil. 

16,094 

9,314 

-oe— 

raroa 

laa 
irio 

utaa 

puki 
,rima 

836.615 
293,564 
454,706 
43,006 
400,106 
184,133 
307,609 

264,302 
222,670 
307,091 

14,804 
278,663 

96,871 
202,759 

O.V. 

267,569 
231,281 
430,412 
39,915 
388,606 
161,393 
299,197 

200,853 
162.000 
287,787 

11,064 
269,650 

78,813 
196,180 

loUl  of  ooun 

2,019,728 

1,387,160 

O.V. 

1.818,373 

1,209,347 

S34  NEW    EBALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 

Table  rhowins  the  Capital  Valuv  of  Laito,  Ae. — eanlitwed. 


BoadDiitriet 

or 
Town  District. 

QroM  Valaes. 

^ 

Rateable 

Oonnty  and  Biding 

Capital 

Valoe 

(Land  and 

VxdmpronA 
Val-eof 
Land  (in- 
eluded  in 
previoas 
column). 

S          Capital 
^           Value 
S       (Ijandand 

manta). 

IinproTe- 
menu)b 

Southland— 

£ 

£       1 

i       £ 

Oreti 

488,461 

815,816  i     . 

408.687 

Waikaia 

818,487 

283,364        . 

282.705  . 

Winton 

i 

1.059,484 

681,&'>0  I     . 

.      1,026,920  1 

Hokonui 

821.799 

610,086  i 

787,601  1 

Gullying*! 

417.903 

288.077 

!     . 

410,151 

Mataara 

Oatlylng* 

189,481 

183,601 

187.751 

■'  Outlyingtg 

165,982 

114,115 

158.371      J 

WallaoetowD 

! 

837.006 

228,277 

329,716     i 

Avvarua                   | 
Waihopai 

Inveroargillf 

177,562 

93,442 

167,017  I 

;  Outlying    . . 

890,503 

236,425 

364,246;  S 

1 

1 

569,091 

406.557 

527,327  1  a 

ToetoeB                   ^^ 

'Outlying— 

90,833 

63.716  1     . 

88,715      ( 

Wyndaam 

. 

portion 
Wyndham 

41,508 

11,653  :  U. 

V.         88.085 

1 

I 

T.D. 

Outlying    . . 

510,024 

339,210 

• 

453,128 

88 

Total  of  county 

5,618,119 

3,755.489 

u; 

V,   5.250,320 

7m 

Stewart  Island — 

North 

65,403 

43,585 

, 

19,343 

1 

South 

97,264 

91,232 

. 

8,771 

- 

Total  of  county 

162,667 

134.817 

c^ 

7,         28,114 

1 

Islands- 

Antipodes 

Auckland 

13,880 

13,880 

Nil 

680 

Campbell 

Cook 

•• 

1 

Not 

val 

ued. 

•Formerly  Knapda'e  lioad  District. 
i  Formerly  Otaraia  Hoad  Board. 


t  No  Board.  :  Formerly  Tuturan  BoidDii 


BOBPUQU^. 


53i5 


BOSOUQHB. 

)wing  (1)  Capital  Value  of  Land  with  Improvkments  (and  difltinsuishing 
NiMPROVED  Value  of  Lakd).  (S.)  Capital  Value  of  Pateablb  Peopebtt, 
Impbovf.mknts  (and  distingufahing  the  Ukimproved  Value  of  Land)  in 
BoitouoH  in  l^BW  Zkaljikd  ab  la  Sl^t  March,  1906. 


oroogbs. 


.d   .. 


et  .. 

Q      .. 


City 

:e   . . 

louth 


•n  North 


n — 
tion 
portion 


Qtxtm  ValueH. 


Capital 

Value  'Ijtnd 

atid 

luipraTe- 


CEtlmproTed 
VaJtt« 

df  l-and 
HiDclaried  tti 

pryvJouB 


lU.. 


c 


£ 

£ 

208,428 

90,802 

C.V. 

155,973 

67,658 

A.V. 

774,622 

344,373 

U.V. 

699,0i)l 

805,158 

A.V. 

273,870 

123,620 

• 

610,82:3 

276,588 

U.V. 

467,468 

231,220 

A.V. 

330.917 

185,047 

U.V. 

214,854 

110.974 

A.V. 

273,815 

93,972 

m 

104,404 

44,712 

g 

87,044 

84,126 

^ 

187,610 

~       64,767 

^ 

7,562,794 

3,762,141 

m 

941,757 

558,104 

m 

1,639,229 

802,fi85 

732,243 

452,952 

m 

878,759 

228,206 

^ 

112,890 

46,712 

U.V. 

1,197,592 

727,339 

A.V. 

347,:>19 

177,061 

U.V. 

64,378 

22,037 

A.V. 

353,917 

190,908 

U.V. 

180,164 

98,415 

C.V. 

139,810 

67,065 

^ 

130,287 

65,368 

^ 

1,341,730 

854,429 

A.V. 

119,318 

40,694 

m 

74.255 

41.770 

C.V. 

553,064 

325,077 

U.V. 

1,938,831 

1,136,282 

• 

71,071 

28,706 

A.V. 

113.236 

60,417 

C.V. 

535,550 

315,701 

U.V. 

610,204 

385,904 

16,644,018 

9,611,721 

• 

1,98>,047 

1,363.430 

• 

207,712 

100,041 

m 

833,540 

410,089 

173,553 

82,253 

150,028 

59,044 

A.V. 

962,642 

630,016 

U.V. 

Rateable  Values. 


Capital 
Value  ( 1  and 
0  and 
Improve- 
ments). 

Unimproved 

Value 

of  Land 

(included  ia 
previous 
column). 

£ 

£ 

202.864 

89,278 

1.53.109 

66.81fi 

638.192 

801,788 

659,022 

288.869 

266,910 

119.560 

699,615 

272.423 

4.37,961 

217,628 

293,092 

160,169 

204,903 

106,854 

243,312 

87,940 

94,650 

40.225 

76,324 

80.881 

177,209 

59.679 

7,046,681 

8,524,128 

903,849 

542.722 

1,614,124 

762,467 

716,183 

449.162 

364,232 

219.560 

97,899 

41.157 

1,079,645 

656.329 

318,768 

160,949 

66,251 

20.072 

319,052 

171.691 

173,036 

98,794 

125,165 

58.713 

124,469 

62,156 

1,190.674 

756,631 

107,578 

88,442 

62,951 

88,628 

627,409 

311,590 

1,848,140 

1,079,444 

63,319 

26,783 

106.804 

64,170 

604,381 

307,492 

565,174 

860,649 

13,522,307 

8,409,812 

1,053,252 

1,338,935 

107,118 

97,670 

758,090 

879,227 

161,331 

77,804 

14-2,069 

66,976 

913.268 

691.007 

H                 .'>86                                   NEW    £E ALAND 

OPFICtAL    TEAR-BOOK.            ^^^H 

^M                           Tabub  •howio 
^H                          BoroughB 

g  the  Gaftta 
Gtom 

I*  VALim  of  ] 

'iA2fi>,  Sta, — continjud. 

Valaes, 

H 

Capital 

Value  ( Land 

and 

Improvo* 

meiita). 

UoimproTed 
Value 

of  Lrfuid 

(Included  to 

previoai 

ooiumn)* 

Captto] 

Value  (Land 

and 

Improve- 

menlai. 

3 

1 

1 

£ 

£ 

.      !     i 

^m          PetoQO 

1,198.940 

738,588 

u,v. 

1,113.590 

,^ 

^M         Miramftr 

374.530 

986,271 

^ 

347,585 

'■ 

^1          Ei^tbourne   .. 

102,773 

111,036 

, 

161,213 

■ 

^H          Riobmoad     *^ 

99,02a 

53,813 

c.v. 

94,667 

■ 

H              N^)600 

1,17*2,525 

569,228 

A,V. 

1,065,863 

■ 

^H          Picton 

131,102 

55,292 

u.v. 

112,344 

■ 

^1          Blenheim 

425,073 

182,421 

m 

387,496 

■ 

■          Motuekft 

145,815 

81,888 

c.v. 

139,132 

■ 

^1          Westport 

260,827 

107,487 

u.v. 

S«27,811 

■ 

^H          Greymoutb    ,. 

493,061 

164,824 

« 

426.774 

w 

^H          Brutmer 

70,rj52 

11,561 

A.V. 

S0,072 

} 

^H           KuRiara 

34,595 

6,083 

C,V. 

24«732 

_j 

■         Hokiuka 

176,959 

66,074 

uv. 

135,391 

iM 

^1         Bo^a 

21,710 

5,49S 

c.v. 

17,525 

■ 

^H          RAD^ora 

904,031 

86,166 

m 

190.715 

■ 

^H          Kaiapoi 

166,i!07 

48,603 

A.V. 

153,432 

■ 

^M         Cbribtchurcb — 

■ 

■             St.  AlbcifiB     ,, 

1,059,363 

372,729 

U.V. ; 

1.042,157 

■ 

■             Cf^niral  Ward 

4,928,485 

9,2a3,898 

# 

4.669,066 

■ 

^M             Sydenham  Ward 

1,208,911 

887,120  i      , 

I. 113.899 

■ 

^M             Lin  wood  Ward 

753.976 

238,337 

, 

741,414 

V 

■          Woolf«ton 

286,550 

120,725 

J, 

272,612 

^M          Kow  BrightoD 

117,905 

51,544 

A.V. 

114,531 

^M          Sumner 

210,796 

109,558 

U.V. 

904,150 

^M         Lyttelton 

854,754 

238,922 

A.V, 

316,099 

■          Akama 

59,489 

22,764 

C.V. 

63.466 

' 

^H          ABbbarioo 

445*618 

202,140 

A.V. 

403,828 

^1          Temiika 

137»237 

39,850 

C.V, 

112,594 

^B         G«raldine 

93,116 

34,941 

, 

85,704 

^H          Timiiru 

913,132 

337,461 

A.V. 

817,557 

■         Watmate 

147,6*J1 

51,903 

U.V-. 

126,806 

^ 

^H          Oaroaru 

673.711 

248,196 

A.V. 

612,671 

■ 

^H          Hampden 

22.000 

7,460 

C.V. 

18,602 

w 

■         Kaaeby 

33,418 

4.765 

A.V. 

97,218 

\ 

^H          PalmerstoQ   . . 

61,043 

14,374 

C.V.  , 

63,163 

] 

^M          Hawksbury    ., 

62,934 

28,556 

* 

59,791 

1 

^H          Port  C  halm  era 

261,075 

80.458 

A.V. 

234. 5U5 

^^          Went  Harbour 

150,509 

64,235 

U.V. 

144.278  , 

1 

^B         Hortb-east  Yallej 

416,995 

161,588 

• 

402,986  1 

■         Maori  HiU     .. 

309,948 

143,415 

, 

243,698  1 

^ 

^H         HoBlyti 

78>,457 

321,599 

A.V. 

766,767  , 

■ 

^B         Moinington  ,.                 <.  ' 

403,905 

152,468 

* 

395.679 

■ 

^M         DciQedm-                            1 

■ 

■             Leikb  Ward 

1,371,700 

631,270 

, 

1,283,650 

■ 

■             Bell 

1,3^3, 030 

723,325 

^ 

1.228,430 

n 

^H             High 

2,489,659 

1,290,674 

* 

2,205,159 

M 

^1            South 

907.920 

436,415 

, 

848,420 

1 

^V            Oaverpham  Ward 

636,742 

253,616 

^ 

602,067 

1 

B           South  DuDedio  W&id. . 

^b,&19 

1^2,918 

489,1^ 

1 

BOKOUOHB.  637 

Tabeji  showing  the  Capital  Value  of  Land,  Ao.—eorUinued, 


Gross' 

Values. 

Unimproved 

Value 

of  Land 

(included  in 
lirevious 
column). 

H 

Baleable  Values. 

Boroughs. 

Capital 
Value  (Land 
and 
Improve- 
ments). 

(Capital 
Value  (Land 

Improve- 
menu). 

Unimproved 
Value 
of  Laud 

(included  in 
previous 
column). 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

%       . . 

827,862 

130,541 

A.y. 

821,862 

180.141 

iland 

46,496 

14,215 

• 

39,686 

13.040 

191,512 

77,709 

m 

179.262 

74,169 

:h     . 

82.770 

6,061 

• 

28.890 

4.561 

»6 

119,263 

31,988 

, 

108.938 

29,163 

28,229 

3,750 

^ 

20.654 

8.655 

144,108 

38,562 

• 

134.605 

37,157 

la 

121,030 

48,635 

u.y. 

111.870 

46.366 

ata    . 

100,279 

81,297 

A.V. 

94.344 

29.985 

wn    . 

20,984 

3,325 

^ 

16.414 

2,867 

own  . 

68,302 

14,531 

• 

62.871 

13,161 

11 

45,186 

10,720 

^ 

89.919 

9.291 

ra 

51,675 

9,879 

• 

47,668 

9.266 

417,132 

183,300 

u.v. 

878,140 

166,540 

142,948 

59,292 

A.V. 

185,484 

64,916 

55,419 

21,286 

U.V. 

49,727 

19,800 

16 

60.521 

24,878 

A.V. 

68,869 

24,438 

51.584 

19,641 

U.V. 

51,684 

19,6a 

iveroargill 

58,563 

20,148 

m 

57,206 

19,718 

rercargiil 

78.488 

25,128 

A.V. 

78,308 

25.053 

gill.. 

1,632,389 

689,679 

U.V. 

1,286,009 

661.799 

ivercargill 

137,340 

45,128 

^ 

135,246 

44.518 

I        .. 

63,683 

17.922 

A.V. 

54,872 

16,470 

iiown 

208,734 

89,407 

U.V. 

176,894 

68,087 

BTATIBTIOicb    ViBW 

09    FlfTT    YbaM'P 

/   JTAAJ;  MJi.. 

1856-1905. 

t 

" 

PopolatlAii 

T 

1 

(exclaalirc  of  K 
lie  IsUtnat)  on 

— PoPUtiATIorf. 

aortoaadffte 

Year. 

AnncsedPlic 

5Jst  UcccBlwr. 

BM.. 

DmuIhu 

Males. 
25.356 

Pcmalct. 
20,184 

Toiata. 

1856 

45.540 

«.7«« 

406 

:;2 

1857 

27,606 

22,196 

49.802 

1.966 

'^ 

1858 

33.679 

25.734 

59.413 

*,*T* 

58a 

SM 

'l^ 

4I.107 

30,486 

71.593 

».647 

704 

6»i 

i860 

45.394 

34.317 

79.7" 

S.X46 

x,o^ 

e^ 

1861 

61,062 

37.959 

99.oai 

IX 

x,io9 

9 

t862 

79.680 

46.132 

125,8x2 

1,231 
1.983 

i.«.i 

1863 

105.978 

58,070 

164,048 

5>"5 

■.Hi 

1864 

106,580 

65.578 

172,158 

5,501 

a,92i 

1865 

117,376 

73.231 

190,607 

|:ffl 

«.757 

i.9» 

x866 

125,080 

79.034 

2^1668 

a.540 

s.b]| 

1867 

131.929 

86.739 

8,918 

aiTW 

*.'* 

1868 

134.621 

91.997 

226;6x8 

9.39I 

2,662 

i.t»i 

t869 

140,1x2 

^•IIZ 

*37.249 
248,400 

9.718 

a,72x 

*'& 

1870 

145.732 

102,668 

«o,277 

a.703 

i,g 

1871 

156.431 

"0,555 

266.986 

«o,59« 

2,64a 

i.tt| 

1872 

162,404 

117.156 

279.560 

w,795 

3.x9a 

X.5I 

1873 

170.406 

125.540 

295.946 

IX|222 

3.645 

1874 

194.349 

147. 5" 

341.860 

".844 
M.438 

4,x6i 

*,t* 

1875 

213,294 

162,562 

375.856 

5.7« 

3.^4 
3.i9i 

1876 

225,580 

173.495 

399.075 

16,168 

4.9^ 

1877 

227,681 

180,937 

408,618 

16,856 

4.685 

\;si 

1878 

240,627 

191,892 

432.519 

17.770 
18,070 

4.645 

1879 

257.894 

205,835 

463.729 

5.583 

it 

1880 

268,364 

216,500 

484.864 

19.341 

5.437 

1881 

274.986 

225,924 

500,910 

18.732 

5.49X 

i.nf 

1882 

283.303 

234.404 

517.707 

19,009 

5.70X 

s.<* 

1883 

294.665 

246,212 

540,877 

19,202 

6,061 

3.Ca 

1884 

305,667 

257.637 

564.304 

19,846 

5^740 

3.to 

1885 

312.125 

263,101 

575.226 

19.693 

6,081 

IS 

1886 

317,646 

271,740 

589.386 

19.299 

6.135 

1887 

324.558 

278,803 

603,361 

.   19,135 

6,137 

3.A 

t888 

324.948 

282,432 

607,380 

18,902 

5.708 

3.<q 

1889 

328,588 

287,464 

616,052 

18.457 

5.772 

i.tp 

1890 

332.557 

292,951 

625,508 

18,278 

5.994 

3.7V 

1891 

336,174 

297,884 

634.058 

18,273 

6,518 

3M 

1892 

345.146 

305.287 

650,433 

17.876 

6,459 

4.«" 

1893 

357.635 

314,630 

672,265 

18,187 

6,767 

r.? 

1894 

363.763 

322,365 

686,128 

18,528 

6,918 

1895 

369.725 

328,981 

698,706 

18,546  . 

6.863 

4.1« 

1896 

376,987 

337,175 

714.162 

18,612 

6,432 

!3 

1897 

384,703 

344,353 

729,056 

18.737 

6,595 

1898 

392,124 

351,339 

743,463 

18.955 

7.244 

s.* 

1899 

398,679 

357,826 

756.505 

18,835 

7.680 

5.4* 

1900 

403,628 

364,650 

768,278 

19.546 

7,200 

5.» 

1901 

414,223 

373.434 

787.657 

20,491 

7.634 

6,«a 

1902 

425.908 

382,021 

807,929 

20,655 

8,375 

6.» 

1903 

439,674 

392,831 

832.505 

21,829 

8.528 

6,Vi 

1904 

453,992 

403,547 

857.539 

22,766 

8,087 

6J* 

1905 

467,366 

415,096 

882,462 

23,682 

8,061 

7.« 

NoTB.— Maori  population  cxc\udcd  Wum  abQ^«  Ntaa  ^v^ W  \tw  \^\^%.«4  ^hai  d  Cook  and  oihtfl 
iJ,S9jperKins. 


STATISTICAL   VIEW   OF   FIFTY   TEABS     PSOGBBBS. 


639 


II.— Land  and  Stock. 


Occupied     I 

and 
Cultivated 
Holdings 

over 

One  Acre 

in 

Extent. 


Land 
(Including 

Sown 

Grasses) 

under 

Cultivation. 


Number. 


11,932 
13.476 
10,211 
14,874 

15.304 
25.883 
16,092 
17,250 
18,750 
20,519 
21,048 
23,129 

24.147 
26,298 

27,352 
28,587 
29,814 

31.763 
33.332 
34.743 
35,747 
38,178 
38,083 
41,224 
42,768 

45.290 
46,676 
52,790 
58,904 
60,759 
62,639 
62,485 
62,786 
63,982 

65,034 
66,092 
68,680 
69,942 


Acres. 

121,648 
141,007 
156,940 

226,621 


382,655 


676,909 
783,435 

997,477 
1,140,279 
1,226,222 

1,416,933 
1,651,712 

1,943,653 
«, 377, 402 
2,940,711 

3,523,277 
3,982,866 
4,506,889 
4,768,192 
5,189,104 

5,651,255 
6,072,949 

6,550,399 
6,668,920 
6,845,177 
7,284,752 
7,670,167 
8,015,426 
8,462,495 
8,893,225 

9,713,745 
10,063,051 
10,128,076 
10,698,809 
11,550,075 
11,444,563 
11,984,606 
12,474,511 
12,636,035 
13,083,971 
13.357.700 
13,504,004 
13,868,074 
14,114,925 


14,912 
28,275 
49,409 
65,715 

81,028 
99,261 


137 
i6i. 


768 


187,382 


211,040 


237.418 
249,813 
252,834 

258,115 
261,931 
266,245 
279,672 
286,955 
298,714 
314.322 
326,537 


Lire-stock. 


Horned 
Cattle. 


I    Sheep. 


137 


40 


193 


43 


.324 
^383 

249,760  !  4.937i273  !   61 

! 

312,835  i  8.418,579    I 


436 
494 

578 


736     698 


,204  I   1,523 
,285   2,76 


.592 
."3 

.430 
.637 


853,358 


831,831 

8851305 
964,034 
1,047,901 
1,138,067 
1,209,165 
1,203,024 
1,222,139 
1,256,680 
1,361,784 
I , 460 , 663 

1.593.547 
1,736,850 
1,810,936 


9,700 
11.674 

13,069 
12.985 


Pigs. 


15 

,629  15 

,863  123 

,338      I     207 
,085  200 


16,564,595  i  277,901 


18,128,186 
18,570,752 
19,380,369 
20,230,829 
19,826,604 
19,138,493 
19,687,954 
19,673,725 
19,348,506 

19,355,195 
20,233,099 
20,342,727 

18,954,553 
18,280,806 
19,130,875 


734 

270 

,276 

104 

,460 
741 

337 
.083 


308,812 


239,778 
209,834 
186,027 
193,512 
249,751 
250,975 
224.024 
193.740 
226,591 
255,320 
249,727 


^^510 

iriW    SVALAND   OPFICIAL 

TVAR-BOOK.                  ■ 

1 

llL~~Tuhtm, 

■ 

WooU 

Grmia. 

ProKi 

>IIM. 

^B          Ywmr. 

Quantity. 

Viaiie. 

QuaiDtity. 

Valve. 

Q«uitiC]r. 

ValM 

Lb. 

£ 

Butlieli. 

£ 

Cwi, 

, 

■        iBjfi 

a, 559.^18 

146,070 

66.150 

24*032 

^ 

1    ^ 

2,648,716 

17<^.579 

81.757 

29.676 

,, 

■ 

3 1810,372 

254,02a 

7**403 

20,680 

■ 

■          tSsQ 

5,096,751 

339*779 

118,740 

39.016 

.. 

■ 

■           i860 

6,665,880 

444*392 

55*683 

13,11a 

■ 

■          i86x 

7^855,920 

523*728 

8,118 

2.518 

■ 

K        t86a 

9,839,265 

674,226 

6,60a 

1. 821 

■ 

^^H  1863 

12.585,980 

830*495 

3,238 

1,160 

■ 

^■1864 

16,691,666 

1,070,997 

3.58<> 

722 

■ 

^^*  1S65 

19,180,500 

1,141,761 

*5*447 

6,076 

^ 

V        1866 

22»8io,776 

I. 354. 152 

32,610 

7*297 

., 

■         1867 

27,152,966 

1,580,608 

158,811 

26.986 

,, 

■         1868 

28,875,163 

1,516,548 

632,556 

114,125 

m 

■          1869 

27»765.«536 

1*371*230 

520,556 

96,441 

■ 

■          '870 

37.039,763 

1,703*944 

854*399 

141*135 

■ 

H      1871 

37,793.734 

1,606,144 

1.032,903 

164,087 

■ 

H      (872 

41.886,997 

2,537,919 

1,058,480 

178,886 

^ 

■      1873 

41-5351 185 

2,702,471 

598,431 

136,832 

. , 

■      1874 

4«i»848.735 

2.834*^5 

1.162,78a 

291,103 

■      1875 

54.401*540 

3.398*155 

1,276,927 

23^*417 

■^  1876 

59*853*454 

3i395*8i6 

2,172*098 

337*878 

, ,, 

^^B  1877 

64*481 1324 

3*658,938 

1,323,910 

276,452 

- . 

a 

^^B  1878 

59.270,256 

3,292*807 

2,112,214 

508,767 

. . 

■ 

^^  1879 

62,220,810 

3,126,439 

3*470i344 

660.557 

■ 

H           t88o 

66,860,150 

3,169,300 

5.540.445 

898,997 

■ 

^^_  tSSi 

59,415,940 

2,909,760 

5,815,960 

986,072 

•  • 

^ 

^^K 1882 

65*322,707 

3*n8,554 

4*310,984 

907,961    1 

15.244 

>» 

^^^V 1883 

68,149,430 

3,014,211 

6.723*303 

1,286,724 

87.975  ' 

lis 

^^K 1884 

81.139,028 

3,267,527 

5*489,635 

766,824 

254,069 

M5 

m 

^^B 1885 

86,507,431 

3*205,275 

4*597*645 

513*697 

296,473 

^^■1886 

90,853.744 

3,072,971 

3.523.324 

463.549 

346»055 

4*7f 

^^B 1887, 

88.824.382 

3*321.074 

4.126,836 

443.780 

40a, 107 

^ 

^^Bis^ 

83*225*733 

3,115,008 

5,101,167 

668,859 

552,298 

^Hf889 

102.227,354 

3*976.375 

6,120,202 

985.224 

656,812 

m 

^HtBgo 

102,817,077 

4,150,599 

8,287,024 

1.030,415 

898,894 

t,c«7i 

^P         189X 

106,187.114 

4,129,686 

5*877*059 

676.338 

1,000,307 

t*>94 

H      1892 

118.180,912 

4.313.307 

6,625,525 

816,272 

869,600 

1*033, 

■      1893 

109,719,684 

3*774*738 

4*855.368 

583*397 

903*836 

i.o6| 

■          i«94 

144.295,154 

4,827,016 

2*434*295 

226,183 

1*025.243 

1.194, 

116,015,170 

3,662,131 

2,381.837 

215.783 

1,134.097 

1.264 

129,151,624 

4,391*848 

2,941,821 

346,197 

1*103.362 

1,151, 

^^^!? 

135.S35.117 

4,443,144 

1,919*887 

235.429 

1,407.921 

i.5«^ 

V     T89S 

I49,385.8r5 

4.645,804 

1*045*980 

136,120 

1.551.773 

U^ 

■      1899 

147.169,497 

4,324.627 

6,9851999 

721*817 

1.865,827 

a.od 

^B          1900 

140,706,486 

4,749,196 

9.529*847 

1,034,014 

1.844.831 

2.1111 

^H            ^901 

146,820,079 

3,699,103 

•3.373*515 

i.285»8ii 

1.857.547 

s.>S3 

H       X902 

160,419,023  1 

3.354.563 

5,865,562 

786,548 

2*138,557 

2,7t| 

■      I90S 

155,128.381 

4.041.274 

5,362,748 

533*865 

2,378.650 

3.«Wi 

■     1904 

144.647*376 

4.673,826 

3.775.978 

392,346 

1.912,979 

2.791 

V         >905 

139.912,737 

5»38i,333 

2.282,853 

294*574 

1.690,684 

2.69I 

^^^^^^y^g^^^^ 

rf 

1 

BTATISTlGAIf   VIEW 

OF   FIFTV    YBAB8*    PBOORESb, 

541 

UI,— 

rR4DB — coniinued. 

[                         Butter^ 

Che«M. 

PhorfsLam  Fibre. 

QdftDtlty, 

Value. 

Quaotiljr, 

Value. 

Qiiantity, 

Vaiuc 

Cwt. 

M 

Cwl, 

S 

Tom. 

M 

647 

3.837 

290 

1.414 

22 

552 

38a 

2^102 

549 

r.8i8 

38 

710 

532 

2.838 

934 

3.995 

^^ 

1.516 

859 

5.5»8 

1,067 

4.296 

77 

t.593 

I1O26 

6.623 

1               810 

3.535 

61 

1,240 

25      '                126 

404 

1.844 

2 

43 
261 
251 
170 

75 

Butter   and   chpRse  not   s 

eparately   givi 

;n    for  years 

13 

r3 

7 

3 

'1862  to  1865.     The  total 

export  for  this  period  was^ 

617  cwt.,  value  jf  2,976 

\ 

232 

1,590 

13 

65 

45 

996 

3S 

IQ2 

90 

362 

126 

4.256 

13** 

332 

i              335 

4,240 

534 

8.137 

2,705 

J4I679 

2,331 

8,040 

3,028 

45.245 

3t435 

12.995 

2,735 

9.327 

5,471 

132,578 

4,34a 

12.426 

1,619 

4,023 

4.248 

90.611 

1,629 

4t462 

1,362 

4,379 

3.985 

99.405 

722 

2,342 

1.993 

6.625 

6.454 

143.799 

357 

t.i68 

1,326 

4,408 

2.038 

37.690 

104 

660 

442 

1,862 

639 

11,742 

871 

3,910 

885 

3.488 

897 

18,285 

5.206 

23.^58 

4.999     i 

16*713 

1.053 

18.826 

3»io6 

12,111 

3,019 

9.368 

622 

10.666 

' 

339 

1,631 

172 

628 

445 

7.874 

2.7^7 

8.350 

717 

1.983 

694 

15.617 

2.426 

8,496 

3,056 

6. 112 

1,308 

26,285 

11.264 

52,088 

3.553 

10,130 

2,040      1 

41.955 

8,86g 

42,020 

2,519 

6,892 

2,013 

36,761 

15.766 

66,593 

10.34a 

25.074 

t.525 

23.475 

24.923 

102,387 

15,245 

35,742 

1,063 

16,316 

23*175 

105.537 

16,429 

45.657 

I,IJ3 

15,922 

17.018 

54.92J 

23.913 

54.562 

1,578 

25.094 

29.995 

118,252 

36,682 

78,918 

4.042 

75,269 

37.955 

146,840 

26,558 

67.105 

17.084 

361.182 

34.816 

122.701 

40,451 

84,986 

21,158 

381.789 

39.430 

150,258 

39.770 

86.675 

15.809 

281.514 

53.930 

227,162 

41.493 

91.042 

12,793 

214.542 

58.149 

254.645 

46,201      , 

99,626 

12,587 

219.375 

60.771 

251,280 

55.655 

115.203 

4.677 

66,256 

57,964 

227.601 

76.743 

150,909 

1,806 

21,040 

71.353 

281,716 

71.372 

130,166 

2,968 

32.9»5 

99.002 

402,605 

77.683 

150.517 

2,769 

30,674 

96,801 

403,690 

68,711    ! 

135.776 

4.850 

74.556 

136.086 

57«.799 

69,440   1 

141.818 

10,371 

184,411 

172.583 

740,620 

102.849 

229,111 

15.906 

332.182 

toi,59i 

882,406 

104,294 

238,685 

10,171 

195.728 

253.998 

1,205.802 

74.746 

163,539 

20.852 

534.031     M 
595.684     ■ 
710.281     " 

285.106 

1,318,067 

74.780 

194,998 

22.652 

3M1360 

1,380,460 

84.526 

185,486 

26,936 

305,722 

1.408.557      1 

.  1 

88,562 

205.171 

27.877 

696.467 

u^ .^^^^^H 

642 


9BW    SEALAND   OmCIAL    TBAH-BOOK. 
III.— T&ADH—  conUntud, 


Exports  (the  Produce  of  New  Zealand}— <«itfiiNf«4. 


hriiviMon*. 

Gold. 

Gum  (Kauri). 

Tailov, 

Timber,  kc. 

Year. 

QuanUty. 

1           Value. 

1 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Value, 

0^. 

1        ^ 

Tons. 

£ 

f 

1856 

.. 

i 

1,440 

18,591 

123,937 

1857 

10,436 

40,442 

2.521 

35.250 

82.817 

1858 

13.533 

52,443 

x,8io 

20,036 

1                 78.419 

1859 

7.336 

28,427 

2.010 

20.776 

81.833 

i860 

4.538 

1            17.585 

1,046 

9.851 

52.795 

1861 

194.234 

752,657 

856 

9,888 

48.437 

1862 

410,862 

I. 591. 389 

1. 103 

11,107 

77.835 

1863 

628,450 

2.431.723 

1,400 

27.027 

52.105 

1864 

480.171 

;     1.857.847 

2.228 

60,590 

59.089 

1865 

574.574 

2.226,474 

1.867 

46.060 

82.729 

1866 

735.376 

;       2,844,517 

2,535 

70.572 

X 16.901 

1867 

686,753 

2,700.275 

2.685 

77.491 

89,294 

1868 

637.474 

1    2,504,326 

2,690 

72.493 

51.361 

1869 

614,281 

2,362.995 

2.850 

III. 307 

80.197 

1870 

544.880 

2.157.585 

4,391 

175,074 

212.044 

1871 

730,029 

2.787.520 

5,054 

167,958 

338.335 

1872 

445,370 

,    1.730.992 

4,811 

154,167 

396.976 

1873 

505,337 

!       1,987.425 

2.833 

85,816 

412.660 

1874 

376,388 

1.505,331 

2,568 

79.986 

397,762 

1875 

355,322 

'       1,407,770 

3.230 

138.523 

285,715 

1876 

318,367 

1,268,559 

2,888 

109,234 

351.731 

1877 

366,955 

1,476,312 

3.632 

118.348 

469,670 

1878 

311.437 

1,244,190 

3.445 

132.975 

573.735 

1879 

284,100 

1,134,641 

3,228 

147,535 

484,150 

1880 

303,215 

1,220,263 

4.725 

242,817 

544.973 

1881 

250,683 

996,867 

5,460 

253,778 

574. S80 

1882 

230,893 

921,664 

5,533 

260,369 

921.290 

1883 

222,899 

892,445 

6,518 

336.606 

1.121,257 

18S4 

246,392 

988,953 

6,393 

342.151 

1,116,799 

1885 

222,732 

890,056 

5.876 

299,762 

1,154,819 

1886 

235.578 

939,648 

4,920 

257.653 

',058,552 

1887 

187,938 

747,878 

6.790 

362,434 

1.085.468 

1888 

229,608 

914,309 

8,482 

380,933 

1.274.780 

1889 

197,492 

785,490 

7.519 

329.590 

1.606.828 

1890 

187,641 

751,360 

7.438 

378,563 

1.440,731 

1891 

251,161 

1,007,172 

8,388 

437.056 

1,436.671 

1892 

237,393 

951,963 

8,705 

517,678 

1.200.525 

1S93 

227,502 

915,921 

8,317 

510,775 

1,113.799 

1894 

221,614 

887,865 

8,338 

404.567 

I. "2. 233 

1895 

293,493 

1,162,181 

7,425 

418.766 

I. 269. 031 

1896 

263,694 

1,041,428 

7.126 

431.323 

1.269,680 

1897 

251,647 

980 , 204 

6.641 

398,010 

1.389.398 

1898 

280,175 

1,080,691 

9,905 

586,767 

1,562.834 

1899 

389,570 

1,513,180 

11,116 

607,919 

>. 645, 313 

1900 

373,614 

1,439,602 

10,159 

622,293 

1.784.350 

1901 

455,558 

1,753,784 

7.541 

446,114 

1.935,567 

1902 

507,852 

1,951,426 

7. 4  JO 

450,223 

2,333.704 

1903 

533,314 

2,037.832 

9,357 

631,102 

2,288,327 

1904 

520,323 

1,9^7.501 

9,203 

501.817 
561.444 

1,976,471 

1905 

520,485 

2,093,936 

10,883 

2.167.616 

STATIBTIOAL   titiW   OP  FlFTy   TBARS'   PROGRESS. 


64d 


III.— TMDii-  eontmued. 


Year. 


Ex  pons 
(the  PriNluce  of 
New  Zealand). 


Total  Value. 


ImpoTU. 


Total  ValQc. 


Unirril  SiJtt«i 

I  included  in 

pretioii»  Column). 


Coal-mineft, 
Output 
from. 


£ 

1856 

318,433 

1857 

369.394 

1838 

433.949 

I, 

1859 

521,308 

I, 

i860 

549.133 

I, 

I86I 

1,339.241 

2, 

1862 

2,358,020 

4, 

1863 

3,342.891 

7, 

1864 

3.050,634 

7, 

1865 

3.503.421 

5, 

1866 

4,396.090 

5, 

1867 

4,479,464 

5, 

1868 

4.268,762 

4, 

1869 

4,090,134 

4, 

1870 

4.544,682 

4, 

I87I 

5,171,104 

4 , 

1872 

5,107,186 

5, 

1873 

5.477.970 

6, 

1874 

5.152,143 

8. 

1875 

5.475.844 

8. 

1876 

5.488,901 

6, 

1877 

6,058,717 

6, 

1878 

5,784,619 

8, 

1879 

5.563.455 

8, 

1880 

6,102,300 

6, 

I88I 

5,762,250 

7, 

1882 

6.253,350 

8, 

1883 

6,855,244 

7, 

1884 

6,942,486 

7, 

1885 

6,591.911 

7, 

1886 

6,386,682 

6, 

1887 

6,551,081 

6, 

1888 

7,255,128 

5, 

1889 

9,042.008 

6, 

1890 

9,428.761 

6, 

I89I 

9,400,094 

6. 

1892 

9.365.868 

6, 

1893 

8.557.443 

6, 

1894   • 

9,085,148 

6. 

1895 

8.390,153 

6. 

1896 

9.177.336 

7, 

1897 

9,596,267 

8. 

1898 

10,324,988 

8. 

1899 

11.799,740 

8, 

1900 

13.055.249 

10, 

I90I 

12,690,460 

II. 

1902 

13,498,599 

II. 

1903 

14,838,192 

12, 

1904 

14,601,787 

13. 

1905 

15,503.530 

12, 

£ 
710,868 

992,994 
.141,273 
,551,030 
.548,333 
,493,811 
,626,082 
,024,674 
,000,655 
,594,977 
,894,863 
,344,607 
,985,748 
,976,126 
,639,015 
,078,193 
,142,951 
,464,687 
,121,812 
,029,172 

•,905,171 
,973,418 
,755,663 

,374,585 
,162,011 

,457,045 
,609,270 
,974,038 
,663.888 
,479,921 
,759,013 
,245,515 
,941,900 
,308,863 
,260,525 
,503,849 
,943,056 
,911,515 
.788.020 
.400.129 
,137,320 
.055,223 
,230,600 
,739,633 
,646,096 

,817,915 
.326,723 
,788.675 
,291,694 
.828,857 


5,978 

5,276 

5,945 

18,474 

26,790 

89,806 

109,998 

109,222 
45,084 

129,300 
92,590 

117,326 
69,109 
60,497 
59,345 
90,657 

143.273 
191.539 
213,492 
192 , 287 
269,656 
432,572 
438.399 
238,011 

343.645 
463.493 
419,250 

348,557 
401,532 
337,322 
298,736 
323,069 
342.436 
355.395 
361.795 
381,627 

379.378 
394,691 
394,233 
492,840 
628,044 
800,411 

775,309 
1,061,873 
1,415,260 

1,318,937 
1,441.358 
1,527,915 
1,438,501 


Tons. 


.0 
'u 


162,218 
231,218 

299,923 
337.262 
378,272 
421,764 
480.831 
511,063 

534.353 
558,620 

613,895 

586,445 

637.397 

668,794 

673,315 

691,548 

719,546 

726,654 

792,851 

840,713 

907,033 

975,234 

1,093,990 

1,227,638 

I , 362 , 702 

1,420,193 

1,537,838 

1,585,756 


644 


tIBW    IBALAVD  OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 

IV.  -Tbahsfobt. 

Staipplaff. 

V... 

InwvdL 

OutWU^L 

belonging  to  tile 

1 

i 

Tonnage. 

Tovmaie, 

Taanaic 

1856 

83.748 

8a, 991 

•  • 

1857 

78.309 

76t524 

6,662 

1858 

90.I1S 

82,293 

6,852 

1859 

136,580 

120,393 

7.8S3 

i860 

140.376 

140,293 

8.537 

1861 

197. 9S6 

305>350 

9.144 

1862 

30'i365 

t8S,647 

IO.S25 

'^J 

419,935 

394.663 

15.189 

'^^ 

426,004 

433*353 

33,573 

1865 

295,625 

283, OK> 

341484 

1866 

33<^.303 

306,979 

26,787 

'^l 

309,568 

308,169 

33.340 

1868 

277,105 

287,710 

34,539 

1869 

150,731 

347,764 

35,990 

1870 

373 list 

365,407 

36,743 

1871 

374.643 

265,618 

37,107 

1872 

300,30a 

285.366 

331963 

1873 

389,297 

381,847 

30,03s 

1874 

399,296 

385*533 

38.935 

1875 

416,727 

4^7 1 Sao 

43.025 

1876 

393, ISO 

1        393.334 

44,401 

1877 

38S.568 

400.609 

43,479 

1878 

456,490 

438,493 

46,965 

1879 

473.940 

475,752 

64.457 

1880 

395.675 

424,041 

66,316 

1881 

420,134 

413.487 

73.387 

1882 

461,285 

438.551 

76,196 

1883 

494.926 

507.565 

84.903 

1884 

529,188 

534.242 

92,696 

1885 

519.700 

513.000 

95.887 

1886 

502,572 

488.331 

94,196 

1887 

489.754 

493.583 

94.027 

1888 

526,435 

531.478 

86.132 

1889 

602,634 

593.252 

87,411 

1890 

662,769 

649,705 

98,907 

1891 

618,515 

625,807 

xo2,o68 

1892 

675.223 

656,100 

101,156 

1893 

615,604 

642.466 

100.388 

1894 

631 ; 100 

631.250 

99.588 

1895 

672,951 

648,946 

100,988 

1896 

614,097 

627,659 

105.553 

1897 

686,899 

675.333 

119.713 

1898 

765.255 

765.793 

126,113 

1899 

811,183 

807,866 

129.583 

1900 

854,632 

825.275 

137.767 

1901 

1,063,274 

1,075,906 

143.183 

1902 

1,089,179 

1,048,770 

147.822 

1903 

1,102,064 

1,113,165 

150,909 

1904 

I. 154. 569 

1,144,764 

157.334 

X905 

1.139,4X0 

I. 141. 552 

171.753 

BTATIBTIGAL  VIBW  OF   FIFTY   YBABS'   PROOBBSS. 


545 


IV. — TBANSPORT~C09l/tnf^(2. 


Go%-rrnment  Railways. 
(Figures  to  31st  March  following.) 

Electric  Telegraph. 

Year. 

Miles 
open  for 
Trartic. 

Miles 
under 
Con- 
struction. 

Railway 
Receipts. 

Miles 

of 
Line. 

Number 

of 

Messages. 

Cash 

and  Cash 

Values. 

including 

Telephones 

1856 

i 

£ 

1857 

. 

. 

185S 

, 

1859 

. 

. 

. 

i860 

, 

, . 

1861 

, 

, 

. 

1862 

, 

, 

1863 

, 

. 

,, 

1864 

, 

.. 

1865 

. 

, , 

1 866 

. 

699 

48,231 

9.114 

1867 

714 

87.436 

14,295 

1868 

. 

. 

',471 

'34.647 

26.224 

1869 

. 

. 

1,611 

173,746 

32.649 

1870 

. 

1,887 

238.195 

27,422 

1871 

. 

. 

2,015 

369,085 

37.203 

1872 

. 

2,312 

491,205 

44.669 

1873 

M5 

434 

. 

2,389 

637,941 

55,195 

1874 

209 

621 

2 

i,i98 

2,632 

844,301 

62,322 

1875 

542 

464 

72.073 

3,156 

993,323 

74.420 

1876 

718 

427 

469.051 

3,170 

1,100,599 

80,841 

1877 

1,052 

251 

569,898 

3,307 

1,182,955 

85,589 

1878 

1,089 

142 

758,096 

3,434 

1,260,324 

92.433 

1879 

1,171 

284 

762,572 

3,512 

1,448,943 

112,351 

1880 

1,288 

192 

836,077 

3,758 

1,304,712 

100,023 

1881 

1,333 

187 

892,026 

3,824 

1,438,772 

101,566 

1882 

1,371 

171 

953.347 

3,974 

1,570,189 

102.378 

1883 

1,404 

224 

961.304 

4,074 

1,599,400 

102,958 

1884 

1,479 

158 

1,045.712 

4,264 

1,654,305 

101,482 

1885 

1,613 

179 

1,047,418 

4,463 

1,774,273 

112,778 

1886 

1,721 

171 

998.768 

4,546 

1,836,266 

115,666 

1887 

1.753 

169 

994.843 

4,646 

1,835,394 

116,211 

1888 

1,777 

163 

997.615 

4,790 

1,765,860 

104. 116 

1889 

1,809 

176 

1.095.569 

4,874 

1,802,987 

106,462 

1890 

1,842 

132 

1,121,701 

5,060 

1,961,161 

110,697 

1891 

1.869 

170 

I. "5.432 

5,349 

1,968,264 

117,634 

1892 

1,886 

188 

1,181,522 

5,479 

1,904,143 

103,813 

1893 

1,948 

148 

1,172,792 

.  5,513 

2,069,791 

112,466 

1894 

1.993 

127 

1,150,851 

5,823 

2,046,839 

114,510 

1895 

2,014 

114 

1,183,041 

6,245 

2,124,211 

123,112 

1896 

2,018 

124 

1,286,158 

6,285 

2,520,169 

129,635 

1897 

2,055 

92 

1,376,008 

6.484 

2.696.233 

136,221 

1898 

2,090 

113 

1,469,665 

6,736 

2,960,738 

145,295 

1899 

2,104 

III 

1,623,891 

6,910 

3,469,631 

162,945 

1900 

2,212 

208 

1,727,236 

7,249 

3,898,128 

186,978 

190 1 

2.235 

212 

1,874,586 

7,4^>9 

4,167,981 

207,476 

1902 

2,291 

194 

1,974,038 

7,740 

4,559,304 

222,495 

1903 

2,328 

175 

2,180,641 

,      7.779 

4,965,197 

237,564 

1904 

2,374 

173 

2,209,231 

!     Z'^^^ 

5,159,745 

250,063 

1905 

2,407 

194 

2,349,704 

8,355 

5,640,219 

273,911 

18 

-Yl 

bk. 

546 

KBIT    EKALAND    OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 

■a 

V. — A  OQUlf  DUtTtOM . 

\ 

Year. 

Bankm. 
(Aver&ge  of  Four  Quarters,) 

(Po»i  Oir.ce  »od 
privJilc). 

Pc9t  oaw»  Moiic}  1 

Numhcr 

Balance  to 

PefKwlu. 

AMelA. 

Liabi|ktk». 

of 

crcdil  on 
3  in  Dre. 

,   Number. 

AnKNini. 

. 

'       * 

£ 

£ 

r 

1856 

I 

.. 

*. 

1857 

343.316 

419,860 

432.494 

. , 

., 

1858 

448*078 

705.738 

616.769 

7*5 

7,862 

•  > 

f 

1859 

54^213 

1,003,584 

1         678,474 

802 

1         7»996 

«* 

i860 

644^521 

992,082 

801,588 

1,104 

12»450 

, , 

t86i 

882 » 754 

1.235.952 

I ,097,162 

1. 144 

22,921 

» , 

J862 

1, 596,446 

2,691,117 

2,092,497 

1,496 

29.768 

1,410 

6,590 

1863 

2,092,090 

4,028,766 

2,962,585 

2,371 

44. "7 

11.586 

55.703 

:i8 

2,480,503 

5,063.458 

3.343.172 

4*669 

94.248 

16,591 

78>55* 

2,638,414 

5.455.289 

3.522,146 

4*304 

I       87,400 

17,236 

78.57^ 

t866 

3»<^7i473 

:     5*89r»532 

4,OTO,IIO 

4*513 

91.863 

22,710 

io8,77«; 

1867 

2,904.594 

1     5*947*160 

3.737.695 

6,579 

156.855 

24.473 

it5,Gi« 

1 868 

3,102,727 

5»734*745 

3,838,220 

8,121 

243.615 

25,854 

I!8,2I1 

1869 

3.174.83^ 

6,231,416 

3,863,006 

10.103 

320,383 

28,427 

127,fll 

1870 

3,127,769 

6,315.354 

3,819,670 

12,137 

388,804 

31*8^4 

MOi454 

1871 

3.334^672 

5.871,888 

3,988,400 

M.275 

454*966 

36,291 

I57.3W 

1872 

3,919.838 

5.429.747 

4,628,819 

17.289 

597.002 

44.660 

191 .oo» 
219,131 

1873 

4»7i3.8o6 

7,267,720 

5.538*030 

21,807 

812.144 

52,351 

1874 

5.564.434 

9.954.216 

6,490,504 

27,215 

943»753 

62,712 

263,161 

1875 

5,967,205 

10,987,178 

6,987.318 

30,310 

897*326 

73.027 

393.48c 

1876 

6,238,471 

11,776,070 

7.221.399 

32.577 

905,146 

80,255 

3io.tfi| 

'I^Z 

7,185,106 

12,992.104 

8.152.230 

35.709 

964.430 

90,672 

334 .971 

1878 

8,960,369 

15.393.630 

10,031,009 

39,926 

1,043,204 

101,017 

368.2s 

1879 

8,021,073 

16,054,295 

9.057.463 

42,679 

990,337 

117.999 

42^.673 

1880 

8»538,935 

14.220,275 

9.550,177 

47*462 

1,148,992  135.648 

465. 4«a 

188 1 

9*069.377 

14.863,645 

10,083,188 

61,054 

« .549.515 

135.556 

452,  i8i 

1882 

8,945.346 

17,162,234 

10,015,273 

68,358 

1.832.047 

148,162 

499.3^ 

*5!^ 

8.659,477 

17,794.761 

9,706,700 

73*546 

1,784.631 

172.556 

541.13 

'S^ 

9.643.214 

18.442,139 

10,691,599 

79.514 

1.926.759 

186,052 

572.66 

'55^ 

10,083,296 

18,811,567 

11,130.244 

85.769  ! 

i, 142, 560 

188,622 

581, 39! 

1886 

10.579.7^1 

19,041,827 

11,603.194 

91,296 

i. 133, 861 

155*680 

547*73^ 

1887 

11,031,614 

18,799,847 

11.995.495 

97,496 

J. 407, 776 

159.579  , 

555*74 

1888 

11,155,778 

18,709,444 

12,108.353 

103,046 

J, 691, 693 

162.387 

555.9^ 

1889 

11,528,424 

17.652*915 

12.486,717 

110,566 

i ,858. 644 

172.076 

589.54 

1890 

12,368,610 

17*735.259 

13.356.598 

118,344 

5*137.023 

176.427 

602.07 

1891 

12,796,098 

16,814,518 

13,820.458 

126,886 

3,406,949 

195.239 

651,991 

1892 

131587,062 

17.558,168 

14.623.335 

135.827 

1,580,544 

199.438 

694*841 

1893 

14*433.777 

iS. 255. 534 

15.489.633 

I47*»99 

i. 966, 849 

210,957 

750,9s 

1894 

13,927. ■2»7 

17,746,421 

14.930,791 

154.405 

^066,594 

222,678 

776,78 

1895 

13.544.415 

18,159,781 

14,491.627 

'63.513  1 

4,620,696 

243.497 

8t2,6qi 

1896 

14,490,827 

16,900,199 

15.520.431 

175.173 

5,065.864 

269,566 

902.  t6( 

1897 

14,290,512 

17,276,771 

15,380,248 

t 87, 954 

5.520,080 

293.659 

970.831 

1898 

t4» 143,229 

17,013.404 

15,299.058 

199,464 

5,746,887 

318.370 

1.029.24; 

1899 

14,591,223 

17.190,433 

15.834.858 

213,172 

6,128,295 

344.664  1 

itiiS,8ol 

1900 

15.570,610 

«7.3H*535 

16.964,582 

J28,883 

6,665,344 

369.834 

1*214,85 

190J 

16,034,848 

18,422,274 

17,490,035 

245,024 

7,268,103 

405.967 

i.286.5«i 

1902 

'7.231,767 

18,999,180 

18,701,063 

261,948 

7.876,877 

367.207 

1.277.05J 

1903 

19,011,114 

19,913.546  1 

20.563.879  ; 

280,011 

8.432,958 

396,312 

1,416.22^ 

1904 

19.074,960 

20,893,096 

20.643,359 

297.569 

8*839.307 

407,783 

I ,476,881 

1905 

20,545,601 

21,770.525 

22,144*166 

316,376 

9.773.954 

^17.44' 

1.541.71a 

^ 

BTATISTIOAL   VIBW   OF  FIFTY   YSABS     PBOQBB88. 


647 


V.  —Accumulation — continued. 


ln»urances  in  Force  in 

the  Ooternment  Life 

Insurance  l>epartment 

at  tnd  of  Year. 


No.  of 
Policies. 


Sums 

AMurcd  and 

Bonuses. 


Olti-age  Pensions, 
31st  March  of 
following  Year. 


No.  of 
Pensions 
in  Force 


59 

454 

1,689 

2,634 

3.953 

4.989 

6.153 

7.M9 

8. 711 

10,223 

11,656 

12,411 

i  15.892 

19,917 
21,003 
23,218 
24.715 
25.439 
26,168 
27,218 
28,102 
29,226 
30.316 
31.709 
32.907 
33.968 
34.772 
36.174 
37.848 
39.366 
40,368 
41,291 
42,406 
43.116 

44.»94 
45.137 


30.250 

200,611 

625,421 

995.986 

1.453.496 

1,836.859 

2,282,129 

2,716,907 

3,251,220 

3.726,330 

4.171.504 
4,471,182 

5.273.164 

5.992. Ill 

6,224,571 

6,552,242 

7.053.276 

7.136,944 

7.362,488 

7.600,537 

7.807,792 

8.390,803 

8,580,817 

8,821,255 

9.232,543  I 

9.345.229  j 

9.415.693  I 

9.857.010  I 

10.124,227  I 

10,341.702  i 

10,639,978  1 
10,627,263  ' 

11,024,734  : 
11,111,807  I 
11,261,080 
11.725.977  I 


7.443 
11,285 
12,405 
12,776 
12,481 
11,926 
11,770 
12,582 


Amount 
repre- 
seiiteii. 


Friendly  Societies 

from  which  Returns 

received. 


No.  of 

Lodges, 

Ice. 


128,082 
193,718 
211,965 
217,192 

211,595 
200,915 
199,081 
313,018 


No.  of 
Members. 


Public  Trust  Office. 


Number 

of 
Estates. 


Amount 
represented. 


257 

17.500 

293 

28,930 

347 

42,163 

89 

8,560 

412 

59,720 

88 

8,828 

575 

67.675 

no 

9,759 

627 

73.940 

138 

13,165 

713 

96,315 

179 

14,484 

770 

117,980 

272 

18.634 

836 

150,750 

273 

18,700 

911 

204,545 

275 

18,848 

1,024 

317,680 

281 

21,144 

1,082 

392,315 

302 

22,794 

1,190 

457.620 

290 

21,679 

1,293 

576,010 

347 

24,928 

1,304 

715.860 

353 

24,938 

1,483 

954.675 

365 

26,013 

1,561 

1,130,960 

357 

26,379 

1.678 

1,240,097 

364 

27,372 

1,825 

1,252,625 

379 

28,754 

1,912 

1.284.745 

372 

29,763 

2,022 

1,450,918 

369 

29,963 

t 

t 

376 

30,905 

2,086 

1,562,269 

392 

31.825 

2.236 

1,806,953 

388 

32,670 

2.334 

1,898,163 

410 

35,501 

2.413 

1,950,314 

433 

38.202 

2,491 

2,110,316 

444 

40,257 

2.667 

2,192,594 

445 

41,236 

2,898 

2,326.954 

462 

43,408 

3.049 

2,467,614 

465 

45,255 

3.314 

2,706,785 

515 

47.302 

3.470 

3.152,882 

• 

• 

3.684 

3.577.355 

*  Iniormaiion  nut  yet  available. 


t  From  here  hgurcs  a.t«  lot  )«ahi  cTkdk«!iV  v^x  W,«xO&. 


Ai8 


nw    UALAVD  OrriOlAL   TIAA- 
VI,— PUDUO 


Public  Debt  t 
Debentures  and  Stock 

Debtor 

, 

ill  CirculatioB. 

Loral  Bodies 

Year. 

Year. 

(Prior  to  iMo  the 

fiicurcs  are  for 

mcnt  Loans). 

Calendar  Years.) 

£ 

£ 

31st  December 

1856 

, , 

•  • 

31st  December.  1856 

« 

1857 

.. 

. . 

1857 

« 

1858 

,. 

1858 

. 

1859 

, , 

•  • 

1859 

, 

i860 

, , 

, , 

i860 

^ 

I86I 

, , 

, , 

1861 

^ 

1862 

836,000 

, , 

i86t 

^ 

1863 

1,289.750 

, , 

1863 

» 

X864 

2.219.450 

.. 

1864 

, 

1865 

4i368,68i 

,. 

1865 

» 

1866 

5.435.728 

•  • 

i86« 

» 

1867 

5.781. 193 

•  • 

i86y 

„ 

1868 

7.182,743 

186I 

^ 

1869 

7,360,616 

.. 

1969 

• 

1870 

7,841,891 

•  • 

i«7* 

„ 

I87I 

8,900,991 

.. 

1871 

^ 

1872 

9.985.386 

., 

1871 

• 

1873 

10,913.936 

•  • 

1873 

„ 

1874 

13.366,936 

1874 

• 

1875 

17,400,031 

.. 

1875 

„ 

1876 

18,678,111 

1876 

1877 

20,691,111 

, , 

1877 

,. 

1878 

22,608,311 

1878 

^ 

1879 

23,958,3" 

1879 

3xst  March. 

I88I 

28,185,711 

3.039.807 

31st  March,       1881 

^ 

1882 

28,479,111 

3.277.584 

i88> 

, 

1883 

29,445.011 

3.540.046 

1883 

n 

1884 

31,071,582 

3.962,330 

1884 

. 

1885 

32,195,422 

4.313.223 

1885 

. 

1886 

33,880,722 

4.943.270 

1886 

» 

1887 

35,741.653 

5,620,747 

1887 

. 

1888 

36.758.437 

5,812,803 

1888 

^ 

1889 

38,375,050 

5.892.050 

1889 

, 

1890 

38,667,950 

5.978.059 

1890 

, 

1891 

38,830,350 

6.042,693 

1891 

^ 

1892 

38,713,068 

6.081,934 

1891 

, 

1893 

39.257,840 

6,203,869 

1893 

• 

1894 

39,826,415 

6,614,824 

1894 

, 

1895 

40,386,964 

6.685,510 

1895 

„ 

1896 

43,050,780 

6.737.578 

1896 

„ 

1897 

1      44,366,618 

6,793.398 

1897 

1898 

44.963,424 

6,834,361 

1898 

„ 

1899 

46,938,006 

6,963,254 

1899 

V 

1900 

1      47,874,452 

7.057,350 

1900 

« 

1901 

'      49,591.245 

7.563,069 

1901 

1902 

52,966,447 

7.839,695 

190a 

• 

1903 

55,899,019 

8,217,196 

1903 

" 

1904 

57,522,215 

8,898,910 

1904 

« 

1905 

59,912,000 

10,018,242! 

1905 

^ 

1906 

62,191 ,040" 

•• 

1906 

*  Tlicrc   u-;iM  in   Man  li,   |go^,  an  cHtimateU  accrued  iiinkin<   lunu    amntiniing  to  £s  saaStf. 
learint;  a  ncl  inilchieiintr^^  ol  £59  6-10,^71.  t  There  wan  in  March,  1905,  an  accrued  sinking 

ftind  amounting  to  £1.013,046,  \cav\n«  a  net  \viCk<L\»v,«\^cm  cA  C^4m\i>^< 


Sq^iTISTlCAL   VIBW   OP  FIFTY   YE  ABB*   PBOOREBB. 
VII. — Education. 


54a 


Year. 


1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
i860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1875 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 


Scholars  at 
Primary  Schools. 


Scholars  at 
Secondary  or 
High  Schools. 


Scholars  at 
Private  Schools. 


New  Zealand 

Unlrerp^lrv  Grsiitnale* 

{Direct  l>egreir»^ 


38.215 
45.562 
51.964 
56,239 
65,040 

75.556 

82,401 

83.560 

87,179 

92,476 

97,238 

102,407 

106,328 

110,919 

112,685 

"5,456 

117,912 

"9,523 

122,620 

124,690 

127,300 
129,856 

131.037 
132.197 
131,621 

131,315 
130.724 
131,351 
132,262 

133.568 

135.475 
137,623* 


654 
716 
868 

1,417 
1,631 
1,819 
1,899 

2.384 
2,642 

2,659 
2.358 
2,242 
2,120 

2.147 
2,117 
2,205 
2,262 
2,251 
2,454 
2,525 
2,614 

2,709 
2,706 

2,723 
2,792 
2,899 
3,072 
3,722 
4,038 
4,060 


8.237 
7.316 
9,357 
9,99a 
9,206 
^0,234 
",238 

9.987 
10,002 

".255 
12,203 
11,989 
12.497 
13.417 
13.893 
13.458 
13.626 
14,142 
14,456 
14,922 
14,627 
14,659 
13,947 
>4,447 
14,782 

15,295 
15,555 
15,344 
15,624 
15,609 
16,378 


103 
117 

145 
168 

199 
230 

279 
323 
366 
410 
464 
501 
546 
603 
641 
699 
757 
814 
869 
929 


•  In  aiMitinn  lo  these  there  were  in  Deremher.  1905,  3  863  chiMren  attendint;  the  Native 
Schools,  nearly  all  maintaineil  hy  the  Government,  and  809  at  Industrial  Schools  and  Orphanages. 

Not K.— Statistics  of  schools  and  scholars  not  being  complete  Tor  years  prior  to  1874,  no  figures 
are  entered. 


650 


NBW    SBALAHD  OFFICIAL  TSA^' 

THE   TOTALISATOB. 


Tear. 


So.  of  Totalisator 
lioenset  i8sne<l 

fur  Meetings  held 

duriiiK 

Financial  Year. 


Days. 


Percentase  paid  to 
TreaaniT. 


1889-90 

187 

241 

, , 

.. 

1890-91 

219 

278 

, , 

,. 

18in-92 

234 

300 

7.691 

606.078 

1892-93 

240 

807 

10,800 

720,029 

1893-94 

247 

818 

10.375 

691.073 

1894-95 

207 

268 

10,446 

696,4:->6 

1896-96 

170 

256 

11,166 

743,763 

1896-97 

158 

250 

11.911 

794,096 

1897-98 

155 

268 

13,297 

880.667 

1898-99 

144 

250 

13,695 

912,969 

1899- 1900 

154 

278 

15,98* 

l,Oiy5,580 

1900-1 

153 

278 

17,541 

1,168,782 

1901-2 

165 

309 

19.040 

1,275,813 

1902-3 

148 

276 

19,734 

1.274,102 

19a3-4 

161 

282 

20.486 

1,357,263 

1904-5 

166 

294 

21,571 

1,437,431 

1905-6 

158 

298 

82,898 

1.656,638 

Tntal  AmoTinl 

Invesred  bjr  the 

Publte. 


N.B.— The  years  a«ed  for  purposes  of  the  table  are  flnsaolal  yean,  not  the  raolnf 
years.  ThU  accoonts  for  the  number  of  licenses  issued  in  some  of  the  periods  being ovsr 
the  legal  limit  for  one  year. 


PART  HI.— AllTICLES  ON  SPECIAL  SUBJECTS.^ 


I 


SECTION    I. 


THE   LAND   SYSTEM   OF   NEW   ZEALAND,* 


n 


[B/  S.  PfincY  Smith,  P.R.G.S.] 
The  Crown  lands  of   New  ZeQ,lan<i  are  adiiiinistered  under  "The 
Laod  Act>  1892/'  together  with  its  aniendiiieuts  and  the  regulations 
made  thereunder. 

The  distinguishing  features  of  the  present  land  Bystem  involve 
the  priMciple  of  State  ownership  of  the  soih  with  a  perpetual 
tenancy  in  the  occupier.  A  very  large  proportion  of  the  Crown 
lands  are  now  disposed  of  for  999  years.  The  rentals  are  based 
on  the  assessed  value  of  the  land  at  the  time  of  disposal,  without 
increase  or  recurring  valuations.  Under  this  system  there  is  a  fixity 
of  tenure  practicaUy  equal  to  freehold,  and  which,  like  freehold, 
necessarily  carries  with  it  the  power  of  sale,  sub -lease,  mortgage, 
or  disposition  by  wilL  At  the  same  time  the  i m prove m en ts  made  in 
the  soil  by  cultivation,  &c.,  are  secured  to  the  tenant  should  he  from 
any  cause  be  obliged  to  forfeit  or  surrender  his  lease. 

When  it  is  taken  into  consideration  that»  with  few  exceptions,  the 
Crown  lands  are,  in  their  prairie  condition,  incapable  of  profitable 
use,  the  advantage  to  the  settler  of  setting  free  his  capital  to  develop 
the  capabilities  of  the  soil,  rather  than  having  to  expend  it  m  the 
purchase  of  a  freehold,  is  very  apparent. 

The  values  placed  on  tlie  Crown  lands  are,  as  a  rule,  low,  for  the 
State  does  not  so  much  seek  to  raise  a  revenue  directly  therefrom  as 
lo  encourage  the  occupation  of  the  lands  by  the  people  ;  this  occu- 
pation secures  an  iudjrect  increased  revenue,  besides  the  other 
advantages  resulting  from  a  numerous  rural  population. 

Aj^ain,  underlying  the  whole  of  the  New  Zealand  land  system  is 
a  further  applicalion  of  the  principle  of  ^'  the  land  for  the  people  " — 
viz.,  the  restriction  in  area  which  any  man  may  hold.  This  subject 
has  been  forced  upon  the  attention  of  the  Legislature  by  defects  in 
former  systems,  under  which  one  individual  wilh  means  at  his  com- 
mand could  appropriate  lar^e  areas,  to  the  exclusion  of  his  lees 
wealthy  feHow-setller.  Under  exisliug  conditions,  where  the  price 
at    which   land   is   offered  is  fixed  for  ever,  and    where   choice   ol 


toDure. 


A  Ho^al  Commiiaion  Laa  recently  tepotUd  on  I  he  wbole  vyttem  of  land 


^ 


5S2  Nfi^^     ZBALANO    OFFICIAL    TSAA-BOOC 

selection  is  by  ballot,  every  wouM-be  settler  has  the  same  chance, 
and  may  hold  under  the  Crown  an  equal  area  of  land.  The 
quantity  that  a  selector  may  hold  is  so  lixed  as  to  encourage  the 
class  of  juotierate  fArmers»  for  up  to  the  statutory  limit  the  amount 
he  may  select  is  left  almost  entirely  to  himself.  The  Act  defines 
the  amount  of  land  any  one  may  hold  at  640  acres  of  first-clast 
or  2,000  acres  of  second-class  land*  These  limits  apply  to  lands 
which  are  thrown  open  for  optional  selection,  but  in  some  cases, 
where  the  quality  of  the  land  is  very  good  and  the  selectors  many, 
the  limit  is  by  regulation  made  smaller. 
»  In   addition    to   the   many   advantages  offered  by  the  lease-in- 

perpetuity  system,  the  Land  Act  provides  others,  to  meet  the 
wants  of  different  classes.  The  general  rule  is  that  land  thrown  open 
for  optional  selection  is  offered  to  the  public  under  three  different 
tenures,  the  choice  of  which  is  left  to  the  would-be  settler. 

tThe  three  tenures  are:— 
(1.)  Cash,  in  which  one-fifth  of  the  purchase-money  is  paid 
down  at  once,  and  the  remainder  within  thirty  days. 
The  final  title  is  not  given  until  certain  improvements 
have  been  made  on  the  land. 
(2.)  Lease  with  a  purchasing  clause,  at  a  5-per-cent.  rental  otJ 
the  value  of  the  land  ;  the  lease  being  for  twenty-five 
years,  with  tlie  right  to  purchase  at  the  original  upaet 
^K  price  at  any  time  after  the  fir&t  ten  years  and  wiibia 

^P  twenty-five  years,  or  to  convert  into  a  lease  in  perpetuity 

(3rd  tenure). 
(3.)  Lease  in  perpetuity,  at  a  rental  of  4  per  cent,  on   the 
B^  capital  value. 

^Bie  Land  Act,  1892,'*  provides  for  a  special  class  of  settlement 
called  small  -  farm  associations,  which  found  favour  with  the 
public  to  a  very  considerable  extent  during  the  first  three  years  after 
the  Act  of  1892  came  into  force,  but  is  now  superseded  to  a  large 
extent  by  the  improved- farm  settlement  system.  The  small- 
farm  association  system  provides  that,  where  not  less  than  twelve 
individuals  have  associated  themselves  togetlier  for  mutual  help,  such 
an  association  can,  with  the  approval  of  the  Minister  of  Lands,  select 
a  block  of  land  of  not  more  than  11.000  acres,  but  there  must  be  a 
selector  to  each  200  acres  in  the  block.  The  extreme  limit  that  one 
person  may  hold  is  fixed  at  820  acres.  Settlements  of  this  class 
are  held  on  lease  in  perpetuity,  in  a  similar  way  to  lands 
under  the  same  tenure  when  thrown  open  for  optional  selection. 
The  conditions  of  residence  and  improvement  are  the  same.  The 
system  offers  many  a<l vantages  to  the  settler,  so  long  as  the  blocks 
'  of  land  are  judiciously  chosen,  having  regard  to  quality  of  land, 

access,  markets,  and  the  probability  of  employment  being  obtained 
in  the  neighbourhoods  In  the  eagerness  to  obtain  lands  on  such 
easy  terms  these  points  have,  in  the  past,  not  received  sufficient 
attention  by  some  of  the  associations,  and  in  consequence  they 
I        are  Bot  all  successfuL  . 

i J 


^^V  ^HK   ULUD    BY8TEH   OF   NBW    SSEALAKD.  MS 

Under  ''The  Land  Act,  1885>"  there  was  a  somewhat  siinilar 
fiyetem,  but  it  allowed  of  the  acquisition  of  the  freehold.  This  is 
now  being  taken  advantage  of  to  a  considerable  extent. 

The  follovvinff  figures 'show  the  amount  of  settlement  by  asso- 
ciations under  both  Acts  on  the  31  et  March,  1906,  At  that  date  there 
were  665  selectors,  holding  llH,54l  acres  under  various  tenures  and 
in  different  parts  of  the  country. 

The  village- settlement  system  of  New  Zealand  has  excited 
much  inquiry.  This  system  provides ;  Ist,  villages  of  one-acre 
sections  ;  2nd,  sraaU  farms  of  100  acres.  There  has  not  been  any 
great  extension  of  this  system  in  recent  years.  On  the  31st  March 
last  there  were  1,914  settlers  holding  39,348  acres,  and  the  total 
number  of  persons  residing  in  these  settlements  was  1,387  and 
527  non-resident,  the  amount  advanced  by  Government  lor  houses, 
clearing.  Ac,  being  £15,116,  of  which  £5,322  had  been  returned. 
The  total  value  of  improvements  on  the  lands  at  the  same  date 
was  £198,634.  The  above  figures  do  not  include  the  settlement  on 
reserves  and  endowments. 

The  improved  -  farm  settlement  system  was  first  begun  in 
order  to  find  work  for  the  people.  Considerable  areas  of  forest-clad 
Crown  lands  were  set  aside,  and  small  contracts  for  the  clearing, 
burnmg,  and  sowing  these  with  grass  have  been  let.  In  most 
cases  the  farms  are  selected  or  balloted  for  in  their  primitive  state, 
and  the  settler  is  for  a  time  paid  for  the  improvements  he  makes,  or, 
in  other  words,  the  cost  of  converting  forest  lands  into  grass  lands  is 
advanced  from  time  to  time  by  the  Government.  In  other  cases  a 
piece  of  forest  land  m  taken  in  hand,  and  men  are  employed  at  fixed 
rates  in  felling,  burning,  and  grassing.  When  so  much  grass  is  laid 
down  as  will  give  a  good  start,  the  land  is  opened  for  selection  in 
sections  of  50  to  200  acres  and  balloted  for  among  the  applicants. 
The  farms  are  let  on  lease  in  perpetuity  at  a  rental  sufhcient  to 
cover  the  cost  of  clearing,  &c.,  together  with  a  fair  rental  of  the 
land.  Up  to  the  31st  March*  1906,  63  settlements  had  been  allo- 
cated, covering  an  area  of  96,175  acres,  situate  in  various  parts 
of  the  colony.  At  that  date  613  settlers  had  been  allotted  sections, 
who,  together  with  their  families,  numbered  1,830  persons  who  were 
residing  on  the  lands.  They  had  felled  and  grassed  34,900  acres* 
The  amount  paid  to  the  settlers  up  to  the  3l8t  March.  1906,  was 
£55,870,  and  the  total  value  of  improvements  on  the  land  (including 
the  Government  advances)  was  £135,073. 

The  size  of  holdings  averages  about  116  acres. 

'Thb  Bubh  akd  Swamp  Crown  Lands  Settlement  Act,  1903," 

This  Act  provides  more  liberal  condi lions  for  the  selection  and 
settlement  of  bush  and  swamp  lands.  The  prmcipal  provisions  are 
A3  follows;  Land  opened  under  the  Act  is  divided  into  ibrce  classes 
_-— (a)  heavy-bush  lands,  {h)  light-bush  or  swamp  lands,  and  (c)  sciiib 
]d,  according  to  the  oaiure  of  the  vegetation  existing  on  the  lanaa 


554 


MBW     ZEALAND    OFPICIAL    TBAH-BOOK. 


I> 


opened  for  sale  or  lease.  On  heavy-bush  lands  the  selector,  after 
payment  of  his  first  half-year's  reiu»  is  exempt  from  furtoer  rem  for 
a  period  of  four  years,  whilst  no  rale  can  b«  levied  or  collected  by 
any  local  authority  on  the  land  for  the  same  period  ;  on  hght-bush 
lands  or  swamp  latids  three  years'  exemption  from  rent  and  rates  it 
allowed,  w4iilst  residence  for  the  tirsc  five  years  may  be  *iispensed 
with  on  swamp  lands ;  on  scrub  lands  two  years*  exemption  from 
rent  and  rates  is  given. 

The  Land  fob  Settlbmbnts  Acts, 

In  the  earlier  years  of  the  settlement  of  New  Zealand  there  were 
opportunities  for  men  of  capital  and  judgment  to  acquire  large  estiLtes, 
anil  while  there  were  plenty  of  good  Crown  lands  to  select  from  thii 
was  of  great  advantage  to  the  colony  when  money  was  neede<i  for 
administration  and  roads  and  bridges.  These  lar^e  estates  employed 
hired  labour,  and  most  of  them  did  little  towards  cultivating  their 
lands,  and  consequently  progress  beyond  the  pastoral  stage  ceased 
in  the  disiricts  in  which  they  were  situated.  As  the  best  lands  in 
the  course  of  years  passed  from  the  Crown ^  the  country  became  a 
series  of  agricultural  communities  interspersed  with  large  properties 
occupied  by  a  manager  and  a  few  sheplierds,  and  the  people  pressed 
that  they  and  their  sons  should  be  allowed  to  occupy  these  large 
estates  instead  of  being  compelled  to  go  into  inaccessible  back  country 
without  roads  or  railways.  To  meet  this  the  late  Hon.  (later  Sir) 
John  McKenzie^  then  Minister  of  Lands,  introduced  into  the  Legis- 
lature in  the  session  of  1B92  a  Bill  intituled  "  The  Land  for  Settle- 
ments Act,'*  which  authorised  the  purchase  from  private  individuals  of 
suitable  properties  for  subdivision  nito  farms.  Under  the  provisions 
of  this  Act  and  the  amending  Acts,  which  are  now  consolidated 
into  the  Act  of  1900,  properties  have  been  acquired*  and  divided  into 
small  farms  and  leased  in  perpetuity  at  a  o-per-cent.  rental^  on 
a  capital  value  tixed  at  a  rate  sutiicient  to  cover  first  cost,  together 
with  survey,  adnunistration,  and  roads  (if  required).  The  usual 
process  oi  acquisition  is  as  follows :  Whenever  a  property  is  offered 
to  the  GoverrLtnenI,  if  it  is  so  situated  as  to  meet  the  object  of  the 
Act|  a  report  on  it  is  obtained  from  a  Government  oliicer,  and, 
should  his  report  be  favourable,  the  question  of  purchase  is  thea 
considered  by  a  Board  of  Land  Purchase  Commissioners,  composed 
of  the  Inspector,  who  is  the  permanent  Chairman,  three  other 
Government  otlicers,  whose  training  and  duties  qualify  them  to 
advise  the  Government  as  to  whether  the  purchase  is  a  suitable 
one,  and  as  to  the  price  which  should  be  given  for  the  property,  and 
a  member  nominated  by  the  Government  from  residents  m  the 
district  where  the  land  to  be  ileal t  with  is  situated.  It  is  only  ou  thfi 
advice  of  this  Board  that  the  Government  acts.  In  nearly  all  cases 
the  properties  acquired  have  been  improved  to  a  certam  extent  by 
feocnjg  and  buihimgs,  and  were  situated  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
closely  settled  districts.    The  amount  which  may  be  expended  pet 


THE    LAHD   FOR  6ETTI<BUENT8   ACTS. 


fisd 


w 


auDum  under  the  Act  is  £500,000.  The  Act  also  provides  for  the 
exchange  of  high-lying  pastoral  Crown  landBfor  low-lying  agricultural 
lands  suitable  for  small  holdings. 

Lands  may  also  be  taken  compulsorily  in  cases  where  the  Board 
cannot  agree  with  the  owner  as  to  price,  &c.,  and  where  the 
Governor  in  CounciJ  decides  to  acquire  the  land  for  closer  settle- 
ment. The  amount  payable  to  the  owner  is  decided  by  a  Com- 
pensation Court,  composed  of  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  and 
two  Assessors,  one  appointed  by  Government,  the  other  by  the 
owner  of  the  property. 

The  acquisition  of  lands  under  the  Laud  for  Settlements  Acta 
has  proved  beneficial  in  providing  homes  for  a  large  class  of 
men  of  moderate  capital  who  shrink  from  the  rough  work  of 
breaking  in  new  country,  or  who,  having  accumulated  capital  (cash, 
stock,  and  implements),  prefer  open  country  near  civilisation.  Sons 
of  farmers  begin  life  nf*ar  the  old  home,  and  help  from  there  is  given 
in  many  ways.  The  system  also  affords  to  the  small-farmer  class 
of  the  Old  Country  an  opening  for  bnildiog  up  homes  for  themselves 
where  their  previous  experience  will  be  of  use,  instead  of  having 
to  learn  the  methods  adapted  to  a  new  and  wild  country. 

Preference  is  given  to  landless  people,  and  applicants  for  rural 
land  have  to  satisfy  the  Land  Board  as  to  their  means  to  stock 
and  cultivate  the  property  applied  for  and  erect  suitable  buildings 
thereon.  The  Board,  in  fact,  has  a  discretion  as  to  who  may  be* 
come  tenants. 

Land  may  also  be  compulsorily  taken  for  workmen's  homea 
within  a  borough  having  a  population  of  at  least  15,000  persona, 
or  wiihin  a  radius  of  fifteen  miles  from  the  border  thereof,  for 
the  purposes  of  providing  workmen's  homes  or  villages;  but  the 
area  is  restricted  to  not  more  than  100  acres  every  year  within  any 
Buch  borough,  or  within  the  radius  named  above  from  the  boundary 
i  the  borough. 

The  owner  is  \eh  with  right  to  retain  an  area  of  not  more  than 
10  acres  if  in  a  borough,  or  50  acres  in  any  other  case. 

A  workman's  allotment  is  not  to  exceed  5  acres,  and  advances 
up  to  £50  are  maiie  by  Government  to  successful  applicants  in  aid 
of  the  cost  of  fencing  and  building  dwelUnghouses. 

Regulations  giving  full  directions  to  applicants  under  this  Act 
have  been  issued  from  time  to  time,  which  should  be  in  the  hands  of 
every  one  before  apply iug  for  lands  under  this  Act, 

An  account  of  the  operations  under  the  Land  for  Settlements 
Acts  will  be  found  in  Part  11.  of  this  work. 


PURCHABK  OF  NaTIVB  LanDS  BY  GOVERNMENT. 

From  about  the  year  1823  (which  is  the  date  of  the  first  recorded 
deed)  until  the  5th  February,  1840,  the  date  of  the  Treaty  of 
Waitangi,  lands  in  New  Zealand  were  acquired  by  direct  purchase 


566 


NBW    ZEAI.A^'D   OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 


t 


I 


from  the  Maoris  by  individual  members  of  the  white  races.  Durmg 
the  years  1837  to  1839,  or  about  the  time  it  became  probable  that  the 
sovereignty  of  the  islands  would  be  assumed  by  the  United  Kiugflom, 
the  greater  number  of  these  purchases  were  made,  and  they  extended 
to  most  parts  of  the  country.  These  purchases  are  technically 
known  as  '*  the  old  land  claims/*  and  their  total  number  (in- 
cluding pre-emptive  claims),  as  estimated  by  Commissioner  F.  DilJoa 
Bell  io  1B62,  was  1,376,  covering  an  area  of  about  10,32*2,453  acre^, 
out  of  which  large  area  grants  were  recommended  for  292,475  acres* 
These  figures  have  been  slightly  added  to  since,  hut  not  to  any  very 
large  extent.  The  large  area  shown  above  was  reduced  on  survey  to 
about  474,000  acres,  situated  principally  to  the  north  of  Auckland. 
The  difference  in  area  between  the  amount  granted  to  the  purchasers 
and  the  total  area  surveyed  became  what  are  termed  '*  surplus  lands 
of  the  Crown/'  It  was  held  that  the  Native  title  had  been  fully 
extinguished  through  such  purchases  over  the  whole  area  surveyed; 
but,  as  by  Ordinance  No,  S^  of  9th  June,  1841,  the  claimants  could 
not  be  granted  more  than  2,560  acres  each,  the  balance  became 
vested  in  the  Crown  on  the  assumption  of  the  sovereignty,  tho 
Native  title  having  been  fully  extinguished. 

In  many  cases  the  titles  did  not  issue  to  those  to  whom  the  land 
was  awarded,  as  they  were  compensated  by  scrip  issued  by  the 
Government,  with  the  understanding  that  such  scrip  was  to  he 
exercised  in  the  purchase  of  Grown  lands  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Auckland,  to  which  place  it  was  desirable — so  soon  as  the  capital 
was  founded — to  draw  a  population.  The  lands  thus  paid  for  in 
scrip  became  Crown  lands,  and  these,  together  with  the  surplus 
lands,  have  from  time  to  time  been  disposed  of  by  the  Crovpo 
and  settled  on.  The  amount  of  scrip,  &c.,  issued  up  to  1862  waa 
over  J&109,000. 

On  the  signing  of  the  Treaty  of  Waitangi  on  the  6th  February, 
1840,  the  pre-emptive  right  was  ceded  to  the  Government,  and  con- 
sequently private  purcliase  ceased.  This  remained  tlie  law  until 
the  passiiig  of  "  The  Native  Land  Act,  1862,"  when  the  Crown 
rehnquished  its  right  of  pre-emption,  whilst  at  the  same  time 
the  purchase  of  Native  lands  for  the  Crown  did  not  abate,  bul 
continued  side  by  side  with  the  private  purchases  up  to  the 
passing  of  '•  The  Native  Land  Court  Act,  1894/' 

"  The  Maori  Lands  Administration  Act,  1900,**  is  a  measure  in- 
tended to  restrain  Natives  from  pauperising  themselves  in  the  future 
by  parting  with  the  freehold  of  the  balance  of  their  lands  (about  five 
millions  of  acres).     Its  main  provisions  are — 

(1,)  Prohibition  of  further  alienation  of  the  freehold  of  Native 
lands,  either  to  the  Crown  or  private  purchasers,  except  as  to 
inchoate  transactions  at  the  date  of  the  passing  of  the  Act 
and  certain  limited  areas  which  were  then  comprised  in 
separate  titles  and  held  by  not  more  than  two  owners. 


PUBGHA8E  OF  NATIVE  LANDS  BY  OOVEHNMENT.        657 

(2.)  Leasing  of  Native  lands  through  partly  elected  and  partly 
nominated  Couoctls  possessiog  all  the  powers  and^  where 
authorised,  exercising  all  or  any  of  the  funciious  of  the 
Native  Land  Court. 

(3,)  Advances  to  Natives  to  road  and  otherwise  improve  their 
surplus  lands  for  their  own  use  and  occupaiion. 

From  time  to  time  since  1840  various  sums  were  appropriated  by 
Government  or  by  Parliament  for  the  acquisition  of  a  Crown  estate. 
Op  to  the  date  of  passing  of  "  The  Native  Land  Act,  1862/*  these 
operations  were  conducted  by  officers  of  the  Government  specially 
appointed,  who,  from  a  knowledge  of  the  Maoris,  their  customs 
and  disposition »  were  successful  in  securing  large  areas  of  land 
for  settlement.  It  must  be  conceded  that  their  operations  as 
a  whole  were  successfuL  and  that  the  number  of  disputeil  cases 
arising  out  of  their  labours  was  exceedingly  sinalL  The  Waitara 
purchase  is,  however,  here  excluded,  for  there  were  reasons  of 
general  policy  affecting  that  sale  which  did  not  prevail  in  other 
caaes.  This  purchase  was  the  ostensible  cause  of  the  Native  re- 
bellion of  18G0  and  following  years,  but  the  motives  which  led  to 
it  were  far  deeper  than  the  mere  purchase  of  a  few  acres — there 
was  a  great  principle  at  stake. 

The  difference  effected  in  the  mode  of  purchase  by  '^  The  Native 
Laud  Act,  1862/'  was  this :  Previously,  the  title  of  the  Maoris 
who  were  to  receive  payment  for  the  land  was  decided  by  the  Land 
Purchase  ofhcers ;  but  the  Act  quoted  set  up  a  Court,  presided  over 
by  able  Judges,  who  determined  the  titles,  whif.h  were  afterwards 
registered  in  a  special  Court.  Purchases  have  since  been  effected 
with  the  registered  owners. 

It  is  difficult  to  obtain  figures  showinj;  the  actual  area  acquired 
by  the  Crown  from  the  Maoris  up  to  1870,  but  in  round  numbers  it 
was  6.000,000  acres  in  the  North  Island  ;  whilst  the  whole  of  the 
Middle  Island,  with  the  exception  of  reserves  for  the  original  Native 
owners,  was  acquired  prior  to  the  passing  of  **  The  Native  Land 
Act.  1B63/*  Stewart  Island  was  purchased  from  the  Native  owners 
by  deed  dated  29th  June,  1864. 

The  Native  rebellion  of  1B60-69  brought  Native- land  purchasea, 
for  the  time  being,  practically  to  a  standstill. 

The  Immigration  and  Pnblic  Works  Acts  of  1870  and  1873 
appropriated  J£2O0;O0O  and  £500,000  respectively  for  the  purchase  of 
lands  m  the  North  Island  ;  and  these  amounts  have,  up  to  the  31st 
of  March,  1905,  been  augmented  by  further  annual  appropriations 
from  the  public  funds  and  other  loan -moneys,  covering  altogether 
a  total  expenditure  since  1870  of  £2,011.646,  with  the  following 
results:  Area  finally  acquired  in  the  North  Island  from  Natives, 
from  1870  to  3l8t  March,  1905,  7,972,309  acres.  Area  under 
negotiation  in  the  North  Island  on  31st  March,  1905, 100,790  acres; 
iuterests  therein  finally  acquired,  10,454  acres. 


558 


MSW    SBALA^D   OFFICIAL    TKAJt-BOOlL. 


DlQBST   OF   THE   LaKD    LaWS. 

AdminUtration, 
The  Crown  laotis  are  adniinietereti.  uiider  the  aothority  of  *'The 
Land  Act,  1892.'*  by  the  lion,  the  Minister  of  Lands  at  WelJiugton. 
For  conver.ience  the  colony  is  divided  into  tea  land  districts*  each 
beinf?  tinder  the  local  direction  of  a  Coinmissjoner  and  a  Land  Board 
The  Cotnmissiouer*6  office  is  known  as  the  principal  land  ofJiee,  and 
in  some  of  the  larger  districts  there  are  one  or  more  local  land 
offices.  It  is  with  these  land  offices  the  selector  has  to  transact 
all  business,  from  the  first  coosultation  of  the  maps  to  the  linaJ 
receipt  of  the  Crown  title, 

Lami  Districts  and  Principal  Land  Offices. 
The  names  of  the  land  districts  and  of  the  towns   where  each 
principal  office  is  situated  are,  beginning  with  the  most  northerly 
aod  taking  them  geographically,  as  under  : — 


lAQd  DiBtHct 

Aucklaot] 
Ti\mrmki 
Hftwke's  Bay 
WollitigtoD 
NeJ»on 


Town,  where  Principal 
Land  Uincti  i«  aituACwl. 

Auckland, 
,     New  Plymouth. 

Nil  pier. 

Wellingtoi). 
.     Nelson. 


LAnd  DJttrfct. 

Marlborough 

Westlacd 

Cajiterbury 

OtAgo 

Southl&nd 


Town  whero  Prioelp^l 
LAad  Officer  is  tiiiti«.t«d. 

BleriUeirn, 
-.     Hokitika, 
*.     Chi  isle burcb. 
.,     Dunedin. 
,,     InvercargitK 


Classification  of  Lands,  dtc. 


Crown  lands  are  divided  into  three  classes : — 
(1.)  Town   and   village   lands,  the   upset   prices   of  which  art, 
respectively,  not  less  than  £20 and  £3  per  acre  ;  such  lands 
are  sold  by  auction  : 
(2.)  Suburban  lands,  the  upset  price  of  which  may  not  be  less 

than  £2  an  acre  ;  these  lands  are  also  sold  by  auction : 
(3.)  Rural  lands,  which  may  be  disposed  of  at  nj>t  less  than  £1 
per  acre  for  tirst-ciass,  and  5s,  an  acre  for  second-class 
lands ;  such  lands  may  be  sold  or  leased  by  auciioQ,  or 
sold  or  leased  on  application. 
No  rural  section  may  be  larger  than  640  acres  in  extent  if  firai* 
class  land,  or  2,000  acres  if  second-class  land,  whether  offered  by 
auction  or  application.  No  person  can  select  more  than  640  acres 
of  first-class  or  2,000  acres  of  second-class  land,  including  thereio 
any  land  which  he  then  owns.  Small  grazing-runs,  hrst-class,  may 
not  exceed  5,000  acres,  and  second  class  20,000  acres.  Pastoral 
runs  are  limited  to  areas  which  will  carry  20,000  sheep  or  4,000 
cattle.     No  person  can  select  more  than  one  run. 


Mode  of  acquiring  Crown  La-nds. 
Crown  lands  may  be  acquired  as  follows  : — 
(1.)  By  auction,  after  survey,  in  which  case  one-tifth  of  the  pries 

is  paid  down  at  the  time  of  sale,  the  balance  wiilnn  thirty 

days : 


>^ 


CBOWK    LANDS. 


S5§ 


(%)  By  application,  after  the  lands  have  been  notiBed  as  open 

for  selection,  in  which  case  the  applicant  tills  up  a  form 

(to  be  obtained  at  any  of  the  Land  Ulfices)  and  makes  the 

declaration  and  undertaking   required  by  the  particular 

system  he  wishes  to  select  under. 

All  applications,  %vhether  for  surveyed  or  un surveyed  lands »  are 

deemed  to  be  snuultaneous  if  made  on  the  same  day,  and,  if  there 

be  more  than  one  applicaac  for  the  same  laodp  the  right  of  selection 

is  deternnned  by  ballot. 

Lands  thrown  open  for  application  may  be  either  surveyed  or 
I      ansurveyed,  and  those  not  selected  the  first  day  remain  open. 

^B  The  Optimial  Sifstem  oj  Sdeetimt, 

^P       Lands  for  selection  are  notified  as  open  for  application  on  and 
^^  after  a  stated  day,   and,   at  tlie  option  of  the  applicant^   may  be 
obtained  on  any  of  the  three  following  tenures;    {a)  Freehold;  [b) 
I      occupation  with  the  right  of  purchase  ;  {c)  lease  in  perpetuity. 


> 


(a.)  Freehold, 

If  the  land  is  surveyed »  one-fifth  of  the  price  is  to  be  paid  down 
when  the  application  is  granted,  and  tlie  balance  within  thirty 
days;  or»  if  the  land  is  not  completely  surveyed,  the  survey  fee  is 
deposited  when  the  apphcaiion  id  agreed  to,  and  goes  towards  the 
purchase  of  the  land  ;  the  balance  must  be  paid  witliin  thirty  days 
of  notice  that  the  survey  is  completed. 

A  certificate  of  occupation  will  issue  to  the  purchaser  on  final 
payment,  which  will  be  exchanged  for  a  Crown  title  so  soon  as  the 
Board  is  satisfied  that  the  improvements  mentioned  on  the  next 
page  have  been  completed, 

{h,)  Occupation  with  Right  of  Purehctse. 

Lands  selected  on  this  tenure  are  held  under  a  license  for 
Iwenty-five  years.  At  any  time  subsequent  to  the  first  ten  years, 
and  before  the  expiration  of  the  license,  alter  having  resided  and 
made  the  improvements  hereinafter  described,  the  licensee  can,  on 
payment  of  the  upset  price  of  the  land,  acquire  the  freehold.  If  the 
land  be  not  purchased,  the  license  may  be  exchanged  for  a  lease  in 
perpetuity. 

The  rent  is  5  per  cent,  on  the  cash  price  of  the  land ;  a  half* 
year's  rent  has  to  be  paid  at  the  time  the  application  is  approved, 
if  surveyed  land,  which  represents  tlie  half-year*8  rem  due  in 
advance  on  the  1st  day  of  January  or  July  following  the  selection. 
If  the  land  is  nnsurveyed,  the  cost  of  survey  is  to  be  paid,  antl  is 
credited  to  the  selector  as  so  much  rent  paid  in  ativance,  counted 
from  the  1st  day  of  January  or  July  followmg  thirty  days'  notice  of 
the  completion  of  survey* 

Residence  and  improvement  of  the  land  are  compulsory,  as 
hereinafter  described. 


560 


HBW    ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TKAH-BOOS. 


(c.)  LeasM  in  FerpHuiiy. 

Lands  selected  on  this  tenure  are  leased  for  999  years,  flubject 

to  the  conditions  of  residence  and  improvements  described  5elow. 

The  rental  is  4  per  cent,  on  the  cash  price  of  the  land,  and  tppiica- 

tions   are    dealt   with    in    the  same   way   as   under    the   previous 

1  tenure  (6),  but  there  is  at  no  time  a  right  to  purchase  the  friehold. 
Two  or  more  persons  may  make  a  joint  application   to  hold  as 
tenants  in  common  under  either  of  the  two  last-named  tenures.        , 
rei 
an 


foai 

one 


Residence  and  Improvements*  " 

Under  the  two  last-mentioned   tenures,  the  conditions   as  to 
residence  and  improvements  are  : — 
Restdkkck — 

(1.)  Must   commence  on   bush  or   swamp   lands  within 
years,  and  in  open    or   partly   open    land    witliia 
year,  from  the  date  of  selectioii : 
(2«)  Must  he  continuous  for  six  years  on  bush  or  swamp  land, 
and  for  seven  years  on  open  or  partly  open  land,  on  landfl 
occupied  with  a  right  of  purchase  : 
(3.)  Must  he  continuous  for  a  term  of  ten  years  on  lease-io- 
perpetuity  lands. 
The  Board  has  power  to  dispense  with  residence  in  certain  cases, 
such  as  where  the  selector  is  residing  on  adjacent  lands,  or  is  a  youth 
or  unmarried  woman  living  wath  parents,  and  in  a  few  other  case6. 
Reside NCB  implies  the  erection  of  a  habitable  house  to  be  approved 
of  by  the  Board. 

Improvements  which  must  be  made  are  as  follows : — 

(1,)  Freehold- tenure  lands  must  be  improved  within  seven 
years  to  an  amount  of  £1  an  acre  for  first-class  land,  and 
10s.  an  acre  for  second -class  land. 
Lands  held  on  lease  with  right  of  purchase,  or  on  lease 
in  perpetuity^  must  be  improved  to  an  amount  equal  to  10 
per  cent,  of  the  value  of  the  land  within  one  year  from 
the  date  of  the  license  or  lease;  within  two  years  muttt 
be  improved  to  the  amount  of  another  10  per  cent.; 
within  six  years  must  be  improved  to  the  value  of  another 
10  per  cent.,  making  30  per  cent*  in  all  within  the  six 
years.  In  addition  to  tlie  above,  the  land  must  be 
further  improved  to  an  amount  of  £1  an  acre  for  first- 
class  land  I  and  on  second-class  land  to  an  amount  equal 
to  the  net  price  of  the  land,  but  not  more  than  lOs.  aa 
acre* 

Improvements  may  consist  of  reclamation  from  swampe,  clearing 
of  bush,  planting  with  trees  or  hedges,  cultivation  of  gardens,  fencing, 
draining,  making  roads,  wells,  water-tanks,  water-races,  sheep*dips, 
embankments  or  protective  works,  or  in  any  way  improving  tn« 
character  or  fertility  of  the  soil  ;  or  the  erection  of  any  building, 
Ac.  ;  and  cultivation  includes  the  clearing  of  land  for  cropping^  or 
clearing  and  ploughing  for  laying  down  with  artificial  grasses,  kc. 


OBOWN    LANDS, 


561 


Special'SAttUmeni  Associations, 

Under  the  existing  regulations  any  number  of  persons,  not  less 
than  twelve,  may  seleca  and  apply  for  a  biock  of  land  of  not  less 
than  1»000  acres  or  more  than  11,000  acres  in  extent,  but  the 
number  of  members  must  be  such  tliat  there  shali  be  one  for  every 
200  acres  in  the  block,  and  no  one  can  hold  more  than  320  acres, 
except  in  swamp  lands,  where  the  area  may  be  500  acres. 

The  capital  value  of  lands  within  a  special  settlement  is  fixed 
after  survey  by  special  valuation,  but  may  not  be  less  than  10s.  an 
acre ;  the  rental  is  not  less  than  4  per  cent,  on  the  capital  value, 
and  the  tenure  is  a  lease  in  perpetuity. 

Residence,  occupation,  and  improvements  are  generally  the  same 
as  already  described,  and  applications  have  to  be  made  in  manner 
prescribed  by  regulations. 

Applicants  should  apply  to  a  Commissioner  for  a  copy  of  the 
regulations,  as  they  are  hable  to  change  at  any  time. 

Suitable  land  for  small  settlement  of  this  kind  is  now  scarce. 

Improved-fa  rm  Se  t  ikvien  ts . 
Special  regulations  are  in  force  for  this  class  of  settlement,  which 
should  be  applied  for,  but  briefly  the  terms  are  as  follow  :  Appli- 
cants are  selected  by  the  Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands,  preference 
being  given  to  married  men.  The  areas  of  the  farms  may  vary 
from  10  acres  to  200  acres,  according  to  locahiy ;  no  settler  can 
select  more  than  one  farm.  Contracts  are  matle  with  the  settler  to 
fell  the  forest,  burn  it,  and  sow  with  grass-seed  up  to  100  acres^  the 
cost  being  paid  by  the  Government,  and  J£10  may  be  a*ivanced  to 
a  single  man  and  £30  to  a  married  nmn  to  help  to  build  a  house. 
The  rates  allowed  for  felling  are  those  current  in  the  district.  The 
land  is  then  leased  for  999  years  at  a  rental  of  i  per  cent,  on  the 
unimproved  capital  value,  plus  the  actual  cost  of  the  felling  and 
grassing.  As  a  rule,  the  settlers  can  get  employment  on  the  road- 
works in  the  neighbotirhood,  but  Government  does  not  guarantee 
this. 

Kesidence  for  the  first  ten  years  is  compulsory,  and  improve- 
ments must  be  made  in  terms  of  Part  III.  of  **  The  Land  Act» 
1892."     (See  ante.) 

Village  SeithmenU, 
Village  settlements  are  disposed  of  under  reflations  made  from 
time  to  time  by  the  Governor,  but  the  main  features  are  as  follow  : — 
Such  settlements  may  be  divided  into : — 

(1.)  Village  allotments  not  exceeding  1  acre  each,  which  are 
disposed  of  either  by  auction  among  the  applicants  or  by 
application,  as  already  described,  with  option  of  tenure,  the 
cash  price  being  not  less  than  £3  per  allotment : 
(2.)  Homestead  allotments  not  exceeding  100  acres  each,  which 
are  leased  in  perpetuity  at  a  4-per-cent.  rental  on  a  capital 
value  of  not  Jess  than  10s.  per  acre. 


562 


«8W    IKALA^D    OmciAL    YKAlt-BOOS 


Residence,  improvements,  and  applications  are  the  aame  a* 
already  described.  The  leases  are  exeaipt  houi  liability  to  be  se^^ed 
or  sold  for  debt  or  bankiupicy. 

The  Colonial  Treasurer  is  empowered  in  cenam  cases  to  acvanw 
small  sums  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  selectors  to  proiitably  occupv 
their  allotments. 

Small  Grasifig-runs, 

Small  grazing- run 8  are  divided  into  two  classes  :  First  class. 
not  exceeding  5,000  acres;  second  class,  not  exceeding  ^O,CX)0 
acres  in  area.  The  rental  in  both  cases  is  not  less  than  2|  per 
cent,  on  the  capital  value  per  acre,  but  such  capital  value  cannot 
be  less  than  5s,  per  acre.  Small  gra/ang-runs  are  leased  for  ternifl 
of  twenty-one  years,  with  right  of  renewal  for  other  twenty-oue 
years,  at  a  rent  of  2h  per  cent,  on  the  then  value  of  the  land.  The 
runs  are  declared  open  for  selection,  and  applications  and  declara- 
tions on  the  forms  provided  have  to  be  filled  in  and  left  at  the  Land 
Office,  together  with  the  deposit  of  one  half-year's  rent,  whicli 
represents  that  due  on  the  1st  day  of  March  or  September  foUowiiig 
the  selection. 

No  holder  of  a  pastoral  run,  and  no  holder  of  freehold  or  lease- 
hold land  of  any  kiird  whatever,  over  1,000  acres  in  area,  exclusive 
of  the  small  grazing- run  applied  for,  may  be  a  selector  under  this 
system  ;  and  only  one  small  grazing-run  can  be  held  by  any  one 
person. 

The  lease  entitles  the  holder  to  the  grazing  rights,  and  to  the 
cultivation  of  any  part  of  the  run,  and  to  the  reservation  of  150 
acres  round  his  hotiiestead  through  which  no  road  may  be  taken; 
but  the  runs  are  subject  to  the  raining  laws. 

Resident-e  is  compulsory,  if  bush  or  swamp  land,  within  three 
years;  if  open,  within  one  year;  and  must  be  continuous  to  iht 
end  of  the  term,  but  may  in  a  few  cases  be  relaxed.  Improvement 
DeceKsary  are  as  follow  :  Within  the  first  year,  to  the  amount  of  ooi 
year's  rent ;  within  the  second  year,  to  another  year's  rent ;  and 
within  six  years,  to  the  value  of  two  other  years*  rent:  tnaking 
in  all  a  sum  equal  to  four  years*  rental  which  must  be  expended 
within  six  years.  In  addition  to  these  improvements,  bush -covered 
first-class  runs  must  be  improved  to  an  amount  of  lOs.  an  acre, 
and  second-class  bush-chul  runs  to  an  amount  of  5s»  an  acre. 

These  runs  may  be  divided,  after  three  years'  conrpliance  with 
the  conditions,  amongst  the  members  of  the  selector's  family. 

Pastoral  Bitns. 
Pastoral  country  is  let  by  auction  for  varying  terms  not  exceeding 
iwenty-one  years;  and,  excepting  in  extraordinary  ci-e  urn  stances, 
runs  must  not  be  of  a  greater  extent  than  will  carry  20.000 
sheep  or  4,000  head  of  cattle.  Runs  are  classified  from  time  tc 
lime  by  special  Commissioners  into :  (1)  Pa«*roral  lands,  vvldch  «r« 
suitable  only  for  depastunng  more  than  6,000  sheep ;   (9)  pastoral* 


J 


CfiOWN    LAND8. 


563 


agricoltiir&l  lands,  suitable  for  BubdiviBioo  Into  areas  of  under  5,000 
acres,  which  may  be  either  let  as  pastoral  runs,  generally  for  short 
terms,  or  eufc  up  for  settlement  in  some  other  form.  Leases  of 
pastoral  lands  may  not  be  resumed  ;  leases  of  past  oral -agri  cultural 
lands  may  be  resumed  at  auy  time  after  twelve  months'  notice, 
without  compensation. 

No  one  can  hold  more  than  one  run  ;  but,  in  case  of  any  one 
holding  a  run  of  a  carrying-capicity  less  than  10^000  sheep,  he  may 
take  up  additional  country  up  to  that  limit. 

Runs  are  offered  at  auction  from  time  to  time,  and  half  a  year's 
rent  has  to  be  paid  down  at  the  time  of  sale,  being  the  amount 
due  in  advance  on  the  1st  day  of  March  or  Septet iiber  followin*^  the 
sale,  and  the  purchaser  has  to  make  the  declaration  required  by  the 
Act.  All  leases  begin  on  the  1st  day  of  March,  and  they  entitle  the 
holder  to  the  ;^azing  rights,  but  not  to  the  soil,  timber,  or  minerals  ; 
and  the  lease  terminates  over  any  part  of  the  run  which  may  be 
leased  for  some  other  purpose,  purchased,  or  resei'ved*  The  tenant 
has  to  prevent  the  burning  of  tun  her  or  bush  ;  in  open  country  to 
prevent  the  growth  of  gorse,  broom,  or  sweetbriar;  and  to  destroy 
the  rabbits  on  his  run.  With  the  consent  of  the  Land  Boar<l,  the 
interest  in  a  run  may  be  transferred  or  mortgaged,  but  power  of  sale 
under  a  mortgage  must  be  exercised  within  two  years. 

In  case  it  is  determined  again  to  lease  any  run  on  expiry  of  the 
lease,  the  new  lease  must  be  offered  by  auction  twelve  months  before 
the  end  of  the  term,  and  if,  on  leasing,  it  shall  be  purchased  by 
some  one  other  than  the  previous  lessee,  valuation  for  improvements, 
to  be  made  by  an  appraiser,  shall  be  paid  by  the  incoming  tenant, 
but  to  a  value  not  greater  than  three  times  the  annual  rent  — 
excepting  in  the  case  of  a  rabbit-proof  fence,  which  is  to  be  valued 
separately.  IE  the  run  is  not  again  leased,  the  value  of  rabbit-proof 
fencing  is  paid  by  the  Crown,  but  the  tenant  has  no  claim  against 
the  Crown  beyond  tha  value  of  the  rabbit-proof  fence ;  he  may, 
however,  within  three  months  of  sale,  remove  fenceo,  buildings,  &c. 
Runs  may  also  be  divided  with  the  approval  of  the  Board. 

^K  Bush  and  Swamp  Crotuti  Lands, 

^  "  The  Bush  and  Swamp  Crown  Lands  Settlement  Act,  1903," 
provides  thai  any  lands  brought  umier  Us  provisions  shall  be  exempt 
fronn  rents  and  rates  after  ilie  payment  of  the  first  lialf-Near's  rent 
for  periods  of  four  years  in  the  case  of  '*  heavy-bush  land,"  tiaree 
years  in  case  of  **  light-bush  land  "  or  **  swamp  land,"  and  iwo  years 
ID  the  case  of  "  scrub  land/' 

Survey  Charges  on  Unmitveyed  Lands, 
The  following  is  the  scale  of  charges  for  surveys  of  unsurveyed 


lands : 


Not  exceeding  30  acres,  £6. 
Exceeding  30  and  tip  to  50  acres,  3s. 
less  than  £6. 


6d,  per  acre»  but  oot 


564 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICUJ.    TEAJl-BOO^. 


Exceeding  50  and  up  to  100  acres,  3s.  per  acre,  hut 

than  £8  1 5s. 
Exceeding  100  and  up  to  200  acres,  28.  6d.  per  Aore,  but  QOI 

less  than  £15. 
Exceeding  200  and  op  to  300  acres,  28.  per  acre,  but  dot  leas 

than  £25. 
Exceeding  300  and  up  to  500  acres,  is.  8d.  per  acre,  but  not 

less  than  £30. 
Exceeding  500  arid  up  to  1,000  acres,  Is.  4d,  per  acre,  but  not 

less  than  £41  10s. 
Exceeding  1,000  and  up  to  2,000  acres,  Is.  per  acre,  but  not 
less  than  £6G  10s, 
For  the  survey  of  any  area  of  rural  land,  beiug  open  land,  tha 
scale  of  charges  shall  be  two- thirds  the  foregoing  rates. 

The  Chief  Surveyor  may  vary  the  above  charges  by  substituting 
a  rate  per  mile  or  per  day  for  such  work  as  may  not  came  under  lbs 
foregoing  scale.  '^ 


ADVANCES  TO  SETTLERS. 

The  Government  Advances  to  Settlers  Act  was  a  GovemnienI 
policy  measure  in  the  legislation  of  1894.  It  was  designed  to  aflofd 
relief  to  a  numerous  class  of  colonists  who  were  struggling  under  tbe 
burden  of  high  rates  of  interest  and  heavy  legal  expenses  of  mort- 
gages, ^c.  These  were  established  when  prices  of  agricultural  pro- 
duce were  high  and  profits  large  ;  and,  so  long  as  business  contioued 
to  be  prosperous,  they  attracted  but  little,  if  any,  attention.  For 
several  years  preceding  1894  commerce  and  agriculture  had  sufiered 
from  world-wide  depression  ;  settlers  were  becoming  embarrassed  in 
their  circumstances;  and  the  bigh  rates  of  interest  still  charged 
were  felt  to  be  a  burden  on  the  industry  of  the  people  not  easily 
borne,  and  a  hindrance  to  the  setilemeut  and  development  of  the 
farming  lands  of  the  colony.  Under  these  circumstances  the  Govern- 
ment brought  in  the  Government  Advances  to  Settlers  Bill.  It  waa 
passed  towards  the  close  of  the  session  of  1894,  and  immediately 
came  into  operation,  with  results  which  have  proved  beneticiai  to 
the  farming  coromumty.  The  very  great  success  of  this  office  and 
the  extentr  lo  which  it  has  contributed  to  the  general  prosperity  of 
the  colony  are  not  sufficiently  realised.  A  general  decline  in  the 
rates  of  interest  at  once  set  in,  and  at  a  moderate  computatioD  it  is 
claimed  that  the  Act  has  been  instrumental  in  lowering  these  to  the 
extent  of  a  savin sj,  directly  or  mdirectly,  to  niortijagora  in  this  colony 
of  over  £8,000,000,  in  addition  to  a  large  saving  in  legal  costs,  pro- 
curation fees,  and  valuations,  owing  to  the  very  low  rates  charged* 
This  result,  while  it  may  have  diminished  the  incomes  of  a  few 
persons  resident  within  the  colony,  has  benefited  many  thousands 
of  deserving  settlers  and  led  to  large  areas  of  land  beiug  brought 


I 


AOVANCBB  TO  8ETTLEK8. 


56d 


under  cultivation  that,  but  for  the  Advancea  to  Settlers  Act,  would 
Btili  be  in  their  natural  state.  The  eruire  exemption  of  all  improve- 
ments on  lanii  from  rates  and  taxes  has  much  enconrnged  tfje  outlay 
of  capital  on  improvements,  estimated  over  £30,000,OOD,  and  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  ihis  I* as  been  provided  by  this  Department. 
Additional  concessions  are  being  made  from  tiuie  lo  time  to  extend 
the  usefulness  of  the  office,  and  render  further  assistance  to  settlers. 
The  Act  auLhorised  the  raising  of  iliree  million  pounds  sterling 
within  two  years^  in  sums*of  a  million  and  a  half  per  annum,  at  a 
rate  of  interest  not  higher  than  4  per  cent.  In  May,  1896,  tenders 
were  invited  in  London  for  £1,500,000  of  3-per*cent.  inscribed  stock 
of  the  Government  of  New  Zealand,  and  applications  were  received 
for  £5,960,400  at  prices  ranging  from  £100  to  £90.  The  million 
and  a  half  was  placed  at  an  average  price  of  £94  Rs.  9d. 

An  amending  Act,  passed  in  1H95,  extended  the  time  for  raising 
the  residue  of  the  three  millions  to  three  years  from  the  coming  into 
operation  of  the  amending  Act.  In  1898  this  term  was  extended 
for  a  further  period  of  three  years,  and  in  1901  the  timedimit  restric- 
tion was  removed  altogether,  power  being  given  at  the  same  time  to 
raise  an  additional  loan  of  £1 ,000,000. 

To  carry  out  the  objects  of  the  Act,  an  office  was  established 
called  the  **  Government  Advances  to  Settlers  Office  '" ;  at  the  same 
time  an  independent  General  Board  was  constituted  to  co-operate 
with  and  assist  the  Superintendent,  the  title  by  which  the  chief 
administrative  officer  is  known. 

The  business  of  the  office  is  the  advancing  of  money  in  New 
Zealand  on  first  mortgage  of  lands  and  in>provements  held  under 
the  following  classes  of  tenure,  free  from  all  encumbrances,  liens, 
juid  interests  other  than  leasehold  interests,  that  is  to  say  : — 

(1.)  Freehold  land  held  in  fee-simple  under  *'  The  Land  Transfer 

Act,  1885/'  or  freehold  land  held  in  fee-simple  the  title 

to  which  is  registered  under  '*The  Deeds  Registration 

Act,  1868/' 

(2.)  Crown  land  held  on  perpetual  lease  under  **  The  Land  Act| 

1885 /' 
(3.)  Crown  land  held  under'^Parts  IlL  and  IV.  of  **The  Land 

Act,  1B92;' 
(4.)  Crown  land  held  on  lease  as  a  small  grasping- run   under 
'•The   Land   Act,    1885,"   or    under    *'The   Land    Act, 
1892;^ 
(6.)  Crown  land  held  on  agricultural  leaee  under  *'The  Mining 

Act,  1891." 
(6.)  Crown  land  held  on  lease  (not  being  for  mining  purposes) 
under  **  The  Westland  and  Nelson  Coaltields  Aduiiiustra- 
tion  Act,  1877/' 
(7.)  Native  land  held  on  lease  under  "  The  West  Coast  Settle* 

ment  Reserves  Act,  1881,'*  or  under  the  Act  of  1892. 
(8.)  Land  held  on  lease  under  "The  Westland  and  Nelson  Na- 
tive Reserves  Act,  1887/' 


^ 


566 


NEW     ZEALAND    OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK, 


(9,)  Land   held  aoder  "The   Thermal  Springs   Districts  Aci, 

1881," 
10.)  Educational  and  other  reserves  which  are  subject  to  the 

^  provisions  of   **  The  Land    Act    1877   Amendment  Act, 

^^^^  1882,**  by  virtue  of  Proclamation  made  tinder  section  60 

^^^V  thereof  or  **The  Land  Act,  1885/*   by  virtue  of  Pro- 

^^^B  clamation   made  under  section  237  thereof,   or  *' The 

^^^H  Land  Act,  1892/'  by  virtue  of  Proclamation  made  under 

^^^B  section  243  thereof,  and  are  held  on  perpetual  lease  or 

^^^k  lease   in  pei-petuicy,   or  on  deferred-payment  or  small- 

gi*azing-ruo  sysiems, 
(IL)  Crown  land  held  bv  license  on  the  deferred-payment  sys- 
tem under  Part  III.  of  "  The  Land  Act.  1885/' 
(12,)  Iiand  held  under  lease  from  a  leasing  authority*  as  defioed 
^  by  ♦•The  Public  Bodies'  Powers  Act.   1887/*   and  pro- 

^^^  viding  for  the  payment  by  the  incoming  tenant  of  valua- 

^^^k  tion  for  improvements  made  upon  the  land,  whether  hj 

^^^^  the  lessee  named  in  such  lease  or  any  former  lessee,  as 

tenant. 
With  regard  to  classes  10  and  12,  a  lease  is  not  eligible  if  it 
provides  for  absolute  forfeitm-e  (wiLhout  compensation)  for  breach  o( 
conditions,  or  if  on  the  deternunation  of  the  lease  compensation  is 
to  be  allowed  for  certain  improvements  only. 

Mortgages  are  granted  on  the  instalraeot  system  (fully  described 
hereafter) ;  and  the  margins  of  security  requu-ed  by  the  Act  are  as 
follow  : — 

(1.)  On  all  freeholds  (other  than  urban  or  suburban)  three-fifths 
of  the  value  may  be  advanced:     Provided  that  in  the 
case  of  hrst-clasR  agricultural  freeholds  instalment  loaoi 
may  be  advanced  up  to  two-thirds  of  the  value. 
(2.)  On  leaseholds  three- dfths  of  the  value  of  the  lessee's  in- 
terest ill  the  lease  may  be  advanced. 
(3.)  On  urban  and  suburban  freeholds  the  amounts  are  limited 
as  follow  :*— 
™  (a.)  On    urban    freehold    on    which   buildings    exist 

B  three-tiftlis  of  the  value  of   the  laud,  pins  one-half  the 

H  value  of  the  buildings,  may  be  advanced  ; 

^^  (b.)  On  suburban  freehold  on  which  buildings  exist 

^P  one-half  the  value  of  the  land,  plu3  one-half  the  Tulue  of 

H  the  buildings,  may  be  advanced: 

^P  {c.)  On   urban   or  suburban   freehold   on    which  no 

V  buildings  exist  one- half  the  value  of  the  land  may  be 

^m  advanced,  but  on  such  security  no  loan  shall  be  granted 

^^^^  except  for  the  erection  of  buildings  on  the   land  ;  the 

^HK  loan  to  be  a^lvanced  by  instalments,  at  the  discretion  of 

^^^^  the  Board,  as  the  erection  ol  the  buildings  proceeds. 

*'  Drban  land  "  means  land  which  is  situate  in  a  borough  having 
a  population  of  at  least  two  thousand  inhabitants  and  is  not  used 
lor  farming,  dairying,  or  inarket-gardeniDg  purposes. 


ADVANCES   TO    BETTLEBS.  567, 

*'  Subarbai]  land  "  means  land  which  is  situate  in  a  borough 
haying  a  populaLion  of  less  than  two  thousand  io habitants,  or  io 
any  town,  or  in  the  vicinity  of  any  town  or  boroagh,  and  is  not  used 
for  farming,  dairying,  or  market-gardenio;^  purposes. 

The  right  of  detenniiiing  what  hind  may  ha  considered  *' urban/* 
or  **  suburban,"  or  *'  tirst-clas'i  agricultural"  is  imposed  by  the  Act 
on  the  General  Lending  Board. 

The  security  which  the  apphcant  offers  for  the  loan  must  consist 
of  one  or  more  holdings  of  the  several  classes  of  tenure  above  men- 
tioned, and  must,  of  course,  be  of  the  necessary  value ;  and  if  the 
Becurity  is  leasehold  all  the  covenants  and  conditions  of  the  lease, 
includmg  the  payment  of  rent,  must  have  been  regularly  complied 
with.  Crown  lessees  should  note  that  '*  The  Laud  Act,  1^92/'  pro- 
vides that  leases  under  that  Act  must  be  at  least  twelve  months  in 
exi&teace  before  they  can  be  mortgaged. 

Application  forms  may  be  obtained  at  any  post-ofiice,  also 
pamphlets  supplying  all  iu formation  as  to  the  provisions  of  the  Act, 
fees*  costs,  Ac.  ami  assistance  will  be  given  to  bU  up  the  forma. 

In  the  case  of  an  application  for  an  advance  on  the  security  of  an 
interest  in  land  held  under  a  lease  or  license  issued  from  the  Lands 
Department  (and  belongmg  to  one  or  more  of  the  classes  of  tenure 
numbered  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  9;  10,  11),  a  notice  of  the  application  must  be 
forwarded  to  the  Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  for  the  district  in 
which  the  land  h  hituated.  The  requisite  form,  and  an  envt^lope  for 
forwardiug  it  free  of  postage,  may  be  obtamed  from  any  Postmaster 
in  the  colony. 

No  loan  of  less  than  £35  or  more  than  £3,000  can  be  granted, 
and  in  the  case  of  "urban"  or  "suburban''  freehold  lands  the 
maximum  loan  is  Hxed  at  £'2,000, 

All  applications  most  be  accompanied  by  a  valuation  fee  accord- 
ing to  the  following  scale  :-*  t>    ^      j 

^_       On  an  application  for  a  loan  not  exceeding  £100      0  10     6 
^1       Exceeding  £100  but  not  exceeding  £250  ,..     1     1     0 

^H       Exceeding  £250  but  not  exceeding  £500  ...     Ill     6 

^P       Exceeding  £500  but  not  exceeding  £3,000  ...     2     2    0 

■  If  the  applicant  has  already  obtained  any  advance  under  this  Act 

and  is  desirous  of  obtaining  a  further  advance,  either  on  the  same 
security  or  on  a  separate  security,  the  amount  of  the  application, 
added  to  the  amount  of  the  advances  already  obtained,  must  not 
exceed  the  limit  mentioned  above^£3,000  for  farming  and  £2,000  for 
nrban  or  suburban  lands* 

Mortgages  are  repayable  on  the  instalment  system  by  seventy- 
three  half-yearly  payments  of  principal  and  interest  couibined. 
They  may  aUo  be  repaid  iu  whole  or  iu  part  at  any  time.  Interest 
is  charged  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent.,  reducible  to  4^  per  cent,  pro- 
vided payment  is  made  not  later  than  fourteen  days  after  due  date 
and  no  arrears  remain  outstanding. 


J 


568 


HBW    SBALAND    OFFICIAL    TSAA  &OOK 


Every  half-yearly  instalinent,  except  the  last,  is  at  the  rate  of  £3 
(less  the  rebate  of  interest  in  case  of  prompt  payment)  for  every  £100 
of  the  loan.  The  followiog  table  shows,  taking  a  loan  of  £100  as  aa 
instance,  how  much  of  each  instalment  is  applied  to  repaying  the 
principal,  and  how  much  is  in  payment  of  interest.  It  shows  also 
the  amount  of  rebate  in  respect  of  each  instalment,  and  the  balance 
of  principal  remaining  due  after  payment  of  the  respective  instal- 
ments until  the  loan  is  entirely  repaid  in  thirty-six  years  and  a  half  :— 

Tablb  of  Pbescbibbd  Half-yea  ELY  Instalments  fob  bvsby  Ohh  HmcoBiD 
Pounds  of  thr  Loan. 


Apportioned  thus: 

,     BalaDoe 

r                 __   ,^ 

Proven  ittfu 

4  pt9r  «j«n«. 

L           Hair  jear. 

B«if-Vf»Ar]y 

loBtainiont. 

On  Aceount 
of  Id  teres!  at 

On  Aconant 
of 

Heb«t« 
of  Intereal. 

of  Pirineipal 
owJBg. 

5  per  Cent. 

Frtn^lpftl. 

£ 

ft. 

d. 

£    a.     d. 

£  ft.    d. 

M 

^.  d. 

#    a.   d. 

lilt 

8 

0 

0 

2  10     0 

0  10    0 

0 

5    0 

99  10    0 

Snd       . , 

3 

0 

0 

2     9    9 

0  10    3 

0 

5    0 

98  19   9 

8rd       .. 

3 

0 

0 

2     9    6 

0  10    6 

0 

4  11 

98    9    3 

ith 

3 

0 

0 

2     9    8 

0  10    9 

0 

4  11 

97  18  f 
97    T   5 

5th       . . 

3 

0 

0 

2     9    0 

0  11     0 

0 

4  11 

6th       . . 

3 

0 

0 

2    8    8 

0  11     4 

0 

4  10 

96  16   i 

Tth 

3 

0 

0 

2    8    5 

0  a   7 

0 

4  10 

96    4   7 

8th 

8 

0 

0 

2    8    1 

0  11  11 

0 

4  10 

95  12   8 

9lh        ,. 

8 

0 

0 

2    7  10 

0  12    2 

0 

1    9 

95    0   6 

10th 

3 

0 

0 

2    7    6 

0  12    6 

0 

4    9 

94    8   0 

nth 

3 

0 

0 

2     7    2 

0  12  10 

0 

4     9 

98  16    2 

12th 

3 

0 

0 

2     6  11 

0  Id    1 

0 

4     8 

93    2    1 

13th       .. 

3 

0 

0 

2    6    7 

0  13    5 

0 

4     8 

92    8    8 

14th 

3 

0 

0 

2    6    8 

0  13    9 

0 

4     7 

91  14  U 

15tb 

3 

0 

0 

2    5  10 

0  14     2 

0 

4     7 

91    0   9 

16th 

3 

0 

0 

2     5    6 

0  14     6 

0 

4     7 

90    6    S 

17ih 

3 

0 

0 

2     5    2 

0  14  10 

0 

4    6 

89  11    5 

18th 

3 

0 

0 

2     4     9 

0  15    3 

0 

4    6 

88  16    3 

19Lh 

3 

0 

0 

2     4     5 

0  15    7 

0 

4     5 

88    0   7 

flOth        . . 

3 

0 

0 

2     4    0 

0  16    0 

0 

1    5 

87    4    7 

SlBt 

3 

0 

0 

2    3    7 

0  16    5 

0 

4    4 

86    8   1 

S2nd       .. 

3 

0 

0 

2    3    2 

0  16  10 

0 

^     ^     1 

85  11    i 

aSrtl 

3 

0 

0 

2     2  10 

0  17     2 

0 

4    8 

84  14    3 

24th 

8 

0 

0 

2     2    4 

0  17    8 

0 

4    8 

83  16    6 

25th       *. 

3 

0 

0 

2     1  11 

0  13    1 

0 

4    2 

62  18    5 

96th        .. 

3 

0 

0 

2     16 

0  18    6 

0 

4     2 

81  19  U 

27th 

3 

0 

0 

2     1     0 

0  19    0 

0 

4     1 

81    Oil 

SBth 

3 

0 

0 

3    0    6 

0  19    6 

0 

4     1 

60    1    9 

S9th 

3 

0 

0 

2    0    0 

1     0    0 

0 

4    0 

79    1    a 

SOlh 

3 

0 

0 

1  19    7 

1     0    5 

0 

3  11 

78    1    0 

Slut 

3 

0 

0 

1  19    0 

1     1    0 

0 

3  U 

77    0    0 

82iid      .. 

3 

0 

0 

1  18    6 

1     1     6 

0 

3  10 

75  18    6 

83rd 

3 

0 

0 

1  18    0 

12    0 

0 

3  10 

74  16    4 

84th 

3 

0 

0 

1   17    5     I 

1     2    7 

0 

8    9 

73  IS  11 

85th        .. 

3 

0 

0 

1  16  10 

1     S    2 

0 

8     6 

72  10    9 

80th 

a 

0 

0 

1  16    3 

]     3    9 

0 

8    7 

71    T    0 

87th       .. 

3 

0 

0 

1  15    e 

1     4     4 

0 

3    7 

70    2    8 

88th 

3 

0 

0 

1  15     1     1 

1     4  11 

0 

3    6 

68  17    « 

89tb 

8 

0 

0     1 

1   14     5 

1     5    7 

0 

3    5 

67  12    9 

ADVANCES   TO   8BTTLBB8. 


LE  OF  PBBSOaiDED  HaLF-YBARLT    IhSTAI^EHTS   FOB   IVBBT  OnB  HuNDBBD 

Pounds  of  thb  Loak— continued. 


Apportioned  thus : 

Presoribed 
Half-yearly 
lustaimeul. 

Balance 

of  Principal 

owing 

Half-year. 

On  Account 
of  Interest  at 

On  Account 
of 

f  per  \J9U9. 

Hebate 
of  Interest. 

-    - 

1 

5  per  Cent. 

Principal. 

£ 

8.    d. 

£     8.     d. 

£    8.     d. 

£ 

8.     d. 

£    s.     d. 

1 

3 

0    0 

1  13  10 

16     2 

0 

8    5 

66     6     0 

3 

0    0 

1  13     2 

1     6  10 

0 

8    4 

64  19     2 

3 

0    0 

1  12     6 

17     6 

0 

8    3 

63  11     8 

3 

0    0 

1  11     9 

1     8    8 

0 

3    2 

62     3     5 

3 

0    0 

1  11     1 

1     8  11 

0 

3     1 

60  14    6 

3 

0    0 

1  10    4 

19    8 

0 

8    0 

59    4  10 

3 

0    0 

19     7 

1  10    5 

0 

2  11 

57  14    5 

3 

0    0 

1     8  11 

1  11     1 

0 

2  11 

56    3    4 

3 

0    0 

1     8     1 

1  11  11 

0 

2  10 

54  11     5 

3 

0    0 

17    8 

1  12    9 

0 

2    9 

52  18    8 

3 

0    0 

16    6 

1  13    6 

0 

2    8 

51     5    2 

3 

0    0 

15    8 

1  14    4 

0 

2     7 

49  10  10 

3 

0    0 

14    9 

1  15    8 

0 

2    6 

47  15    7 

3 

0    0 

1     8  11 

1  16    1 

0 

2    6 

45  19    6 

3 

0    0 

13    0 

1  17    0 

0 

2    4 

44     2    6 

3 

0    0 

12    0 

1  18    0 

0 

2    2 

42    4    6 

3 

0    0 

111 

1  18  11 

0 

2     1 

40    5    7 

3 

0    0 

1     0    2 

1  19  10 

0 

2    0 

88    5    9 

3 

0    0 

0  19    2 

2    0  10 

0 

1  11 

86    4  11 

3 

0    0 

0  18     1 

2     1  11 

0 

1  10 

34    3    0 

3 

0     0 

0  17     1 

2    2  11 

0 

1     8 

32    0     1 

3 

0    0 

0  16    0 

2    4    0 

0 

1     7 

29  16    1 

3 

0    0 

0  14  11 

2    5     1 

0 

1    6 

27  11     0 

3 

0     0 

0  13    9 

2    6    3 

0 

1     4 

25    4    9 

3 

0     0 

0  12    8 

2    7     4 

0 

1     3 

22  17    5 

3 

0    0 

0  11     6 

2    8    7 

0 

1     2 

20    8  10 

3 

0    0 

0  10    8 

2    9    9 

0 

1     0 

17  19     1 

3 

0     0 

0    9    0 

2  11     0 

0 

0  11 

15    8    1 

3 

0    0 

0    7    8 

2  12    4 

0 

0    9 

12  15    9 

3 

0    0 

0    6    5 

2  13     7 

0 

0    8 

10    2    2 

3 

0    0 

0    5    0 

2  15    0 

0 

0    6 

7    7     2 

3 

0     0 

0    8    8 

2  16    4 

0 

0    4 

4  10  10 

3 

0    0 

0    2    3 

2  17    9 

0 

0    8 

1  18     1 

1 

13  U 

0    0  10 

1  13     1 

0 

0     1 

The  mortgagor  may  pay  to  the  Superintendent  at  any  time  the 
Die  balance  of  principal  owing,  with  interest  only  to  date  of 
ment,  and  obtain  a  discharge  of  the  mortgage  on  payment  of  the 
prescribed  for  such  discharge. 

The  mortgagor  may  also  from  time  to  time  pay  to  the  Superin- 
dent,  in  addition  to  the  half-yearly  payments,  sums  of  £5  or  a 
Itiple  of  £5,  and  interest  will  be  charged  on  the  balance  only ; 
if  the  mortgagor  so  directs,  such  deposits  will  be  held  on  his 
alf  and  applied  in  payment  of  the  half-yearly  instalments  of  in- 
)st  as  they  fall  due. 


670  HBW    SEAUAKD   OFriCIAL   IKAR-OOOK. 

Paymenta  made  in  advance  by  a  mortgagor  may  be  applied  io 
one  of  the  following  methods*  according  as  he  directs : — 

(a.)  It  may  be  held  on  his  behalf  and  applied  in  payment  of  the 
haif-ye<irly  instalments  (consisting  parily  of  interest  and 

■  partly  of  principal)  as  they  fall  due,  until  the  deposit  is 

■  exhausted, 

(b.)  It  may  be  applied  at  once  in  payment  of  as  many  fumrt 

half-yearly  instalments  of  principal   (but  not  of  interest) 

H  £is  it  will  cover,  and,  as  far  as  snch  instalments  are  con* 

■  cerned,  the  corresponding  interest  will  not  be  charged. 
I  On  the  next  half-yearly  date,  however,  the  mortgagor  will 
I  be  required  to  continue  his  payments  as  before,  the 
I  advance  payment  having  the  effect  of  reducing  the  period 
fc  (thirty -six  years  and  a  half)  during  which  he  would  have 
^^^L  to  pay  such  instalments.  For  instance,  a  mortgagor  has 
^^H  a  loan  of  J£100  :  On  the  due  date  of  his  eighth  half-yearly 
^^^1  instalment  he  pays,  in  addition  to  the  amount  due,  a  suni 
^^H  of  J^5.  This  is  applied  in  payment  of  his  ninth*  tenth, 
^^H  eleventh,  twelfth,  thirteenth,  fourteenth,  and  lifteenth 
^^H  instalments  of  principal^ — 12s.  2d.,  128.  6d.,  ISs.  lOd., 
^H  13s.  Id.,  13s.  5d.,  138.  9d.,  148.  2d.  (see  table),  making  & 
^^H  total  of  £i  lis.  lid. — and  the  correst>ouding  interest, 
^H  £2  7s.  lOd.,  £2  Vs.  6d.,  £2  Ts.  2d.,  £2  6$^  lid.,  £2  6s.  U. 
^^H  £^i  6s.  3d.,  £2  56.  lOd.,  is  not  charged.  A  balance  of 
^^^B  8s*  Id.  remains  in  his  favour.  Then  on  the  next  due  date 
^^^B  he  has  to  make  the  half-yearly  payment  as  usual  (less 
^^H  8s.  Id:),  but,  instead  of  being  the  ninth,  it  counts  as  the 
^^H  sixteenth  instalment,  and  by  this  means  the  ^ hole  loan 
^^H  is  repaid  three  years  aud  a  half  earlier  (seven  half-yearij 
^^H  payments)  than  it  otherwise  would  be. 

(c).  It  may  be  applied  as  provided  in  the  neitt  paragraph. 

On  the  due  date  of  any  instalment,  after  at  least  one-tenth  of 
the  loan  has  been  repaid,  by  mearts  of  the  half-yearly  instalnienti 
or  of  moneys  repaid  in  advance,  or  both,  the  njortgagor  (provided  he 
is  not  in  arrear  with  any  instalment  or  other  payment  due  under 
the  mortgage)  may,  with  the  consent  of  the  Superinlendtint,  readjuBt 
the  loan  by  treating  the  bulauce  of  principal  then  unpaid  as  a  fresh 
loan  duly  granted  on  that  date  for  a  fresh  tenii.  But  no  readjosV 
ment  is  allowed  unless  the  balance  of  unpaid  principal  amounts  to 
at  least  £100.  Under  this  arrangement  the  mortgagor  will  be 
relieved  of  paying  interest  on  the  original  amount  of  the  loaili  aad 
will  pay  only  on  the  balance  of  principal  not  repaid. 

The  law-costs  payable  for  preparing  and  oompleting  the  mctir 
gages  under  the  Act  are  as  follow  : — 


ADT&NCBS  TO   8BTTLEB8. 


ert 


1     B. 

d. 

..0    7 

6 

.,     0  10 

0 

.,     0  15 

0 

..     1     1 

0 

..      1     6 

0 

,,      1   11 

6 

..     1  17 

6 

Mortgages  under  **  The  Land  Transfer  Act,  18B5.** 

IttkW-oo^U  o£   perusing  dtle.  preparing   aad    regiitering  mortgnge    (bo    bt 
dedyoted  from  t^le  AdvaticeJ.- 
If  advance  be  not  exceeding  £2>0  * . 
Eicceedii'g  £5250.  but  nos  exceeding  £500 
Kxo>^edir«g  £oOtJ.  hnt  not  exct^eiing  £750 
Exoeeding  £750,  biit  not  exoeoding  £1,000  , . 
ExoewUng  £1,000,  btit  not  oxceedinR  £U7fX> 
Exceeding  £1,500,  bub  not  exaeeding  £i  O^X) 
ExceediQg  £-2,000,  but  not  exoeedtng  £3,000 

Wiib  OBksb  difiburaemente,  which  are  tbe  Baa)<»  in  every 
ca»e^  namely*— 
S«aro1i-fee(sviib  an  additional  2a.  for  every  oertific&to 

of  title  after  the  firsr)  ..  ..  ..020 

Regiatrauon  (^ith  an  additiinal  2s.  for  every  certifi- 
cate of  title  after  the  tir^t)        ..  ,,  .;     0  10    0 

Mortgagee  wider  "  Ttie  Deed*  RegistraUon  Act,  1S68,*' 
Law-odflt»  of  penifllrig  title,  preparing  aad  regiatermg  mortgage  (to  be  de- 
dueled  from  the  advaDce),— 

n  advance  be  not  exceeding  £150  . , 

Exceeding  £l;>0.  but  not  oxnitfding  £250      ., 

Kxo«eding  £250,  but  not  exceeding  £-'^CX)      ., 

Exceeriii  g  i;50O,  but  not  ex'^eeding  £750 

Exceding  £750,  but  n  t  exce«diDk(  £1,(XK>  ,. 

EKceeding  £1,000,  but  not  exceeding  £1,500 

Exceeding  £  1 ,500,  imt  not  exceeding  £2,ti00 

Exceeaing  £2,000,  but  not  exceed  lug  £d,000 
With  caab  dis^iumrrante^  — 

Fee  ol^argeable  by  solicitor  not  reaiding  In  registra- 
tion Centre  for  employing  agent  to  register  mort- 
gage 

Solicitor's  charge  fur  obtaining  Land  Board's  consent 
to  mnrtf^age  of  leasehold  land  — 
If  advaTire  h^  not  exceeding  £2oO 
Exceeding  £250 

Fee  for  part*al  or  total  uietchiirge  of  mortgage 

Fee  for  txecnnon  of  consent  by  the  Superititandent  to 
an¥  document 

Fes  for  production  of  title-deeds  beld  by  I  be  Super 
intendent 


3  13 

4  13 


d. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0    5    0 


0    5    0 


0    6     6 

Valuation  reports  on  the  securities  offered  are  made  on  behall  of 
the  Departnienc  by  expert  land-valuers  permanently  employed  by 
the  Government,  Valuation  of  Land  Department  ;  and  these  reports, 
together  with  the  corresponding  valuations  appearing  in  the  district 
valuation-rolls,  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  **Th6 
Government  Valuation  of  Land  Act,  1896/*  and  reports  from  the 
Commissioners  of  Crown  Lands  in  the  case  of  Crown  ieaseholds,  are 
considered  by  the  General  Board*  Board  meetings  are  held  v/eekly, 
or  aa  occasion  requires,  and  the  Superintendent  is  bound  by  tho 
resolutions  of  the  Board.  A  resolution  is  taken  with  regard  to  every 
application  placed  before  the  Geueral  Board,  so  that  on  the  Board 
rests  the  responsibility  of  granting  loans  or  of  refusing  to 'grant  them. 


[ 


S72 


irSW    Z&ALANB   OFFICIAL    TEAH-BCKIX. 


Some  applicants  ofifer  securities  which  are  obviously  not  eligible; 
and  iu  that  event  the  valuation  fees  paid  are  retumed,  the  securities 
are  not  reported  on,  aiid  the  applications  do  not  go  before  the  Board. 

By  arrangements  made  with  the  Post  Office,  niortgagprs  are 
enabled  to  pay  their  instahnents  and  interest  to  the  credit  of  the 
Superintendent  at  any  money- order  office  throughout  the  colony, 
and  free  of  all  costs  for  remitting  the  money  to  WeJlington.  Thia 
is  an  airangemeiit  at  once  convenient  and  economical  for  the  largp 
number  of  persons  scattered  all  over  the  colony  who  have  finaDcial 
dealings  with  ihe  Advances  to  Settlers  Office.  Loans  may  alfio  be 
repaid  in  full  through  the  Post  Office. 

Arrangements  have  been  made  whereby  the  whole  cost  of  mort- 
gagee's accident  indemnity  insurance  in  respect  of  its  mortgages 
will  be  borne  by  the  Advances  to  Settlers  Otiice*  Formerly  the 
premiums  were  charged  to  and  paid  by  mortj^agors. 

The  officials  of  tlie  Government  Advances  to  8ettlers  Office  are 
bound  by  declaration  to  observe  secrecy  respecting  applications  for 
advances,  and  are  forbidden  to  give  any  information  respecting  the 
busmess  of  the  Department  except  to  officers  appointed  to  aasist 
in  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  the  Act, 

The  Act  provides  penalties  for  persons  employed  in  the  busineaa 
of  the  Advances  to  Settlers  Office  taking  any  fee  or  reward 
from  an  applicant  for  a  loan  under  the  Act ;  for  persons  acting  as 
valuers  of  land  in  which  they  have  a  p>ecuniary  interest ;  and  for 
persons  who  may  attempt  to  bribe  any  one  employed  under  the  Act. 
It  should  be  understood  that  no  commission,  charge,  or  procuration 
fee  is  payable  in  connection  with  an  application  for  a  loan. 

Extract  from  ihe  Twelfth  Annual  Report. 

The  number  of  appllcationfi  for  loans  received  (iuring  the  last  tweW«  monUii 
is  the  largest  b'wch  the  yenr  end^d  Si0l  Marcb,  1697  (^hiob  wa^  praoticaUj  th* 
6rBt  full  )ear  s  operntioui'),  whilst  tbe  aggregate  amount  applied  for  hj  applieaDti 
— almoiit  a  roillion — c^nsii  utcs  a  rtcord  for  U\e  Department  ainoe  its  inception 
in  1894.  Tli0  UgureR  are:  Applio^tions,  2;2B8;  amount  applied  lor.  £049.411 
Tbe  General  BoMrd  of  the  office  bad,  up  to  the  31at  Maioi^  1906.  autttorited 
17,403  advano«B,  amounMi  g  ro  J£5,82d,9dO.  Applieanrs  to  the  nuaiber  of  3,094 
declined  tbe  grants  offered  tbem,  amounting  to  £906,660,  so  bbat  ^be  net  advantitt 
Ekuthorisfd  b  •  the  Blat  March,  1906,  numbered  15,309  » rid  amounted  to£l,93i,630. 
Ttie  t^eeuriiien  for  the  net  atiihor  8od  advances  were  valued  at  £10  817 J84«  and 
thnee  now  be  Id  by  tbe  Department  are  in  moBt  ca^ea  enhanced  by  the  eipendi< 
ture  of  the  money  borrowed  on  additional  improvementJi,  and  at  the  R&me  dm* 
tbe  linlMlity  is  being  reduced  bv  the  in^tftlmeni;  repayments  of  tbe  prinoipaK 

RIgbtv  pfF  cenr^  of  tbe  advances  made  during  tine  yeftr  was  for  loani  ool 
exceed  iig  £300.  Tbe^-e  faotfi  show  ihAt  it  is  thi?  smaller  pioneer  settlers  who  ftre 
reorivin^  tbe  greatest  benefits  bv  the  Act,  and  tbtit  the  special  objeot  for  which 
the  Act  was  detigned  is  being  efTec<uated. 

The  total  -nm  r*4i><ed  by  tlie  Government  on  debentures  For  iDvestmeiti  oo 
mortgage  is  £B, 4 10.000.  9,986  mortgagors  are  now  indebied  to  the  Department  ttf 
the  extent  of  £3,1^6,937  lOs.  in  respect  of  princtpiil  moneys— an  inoreaae  dimfl| 
tbt}  year  of  952  mortgagorF,  amoniiting  to  £372,071  lOd.  7d. 

Tfie  gr<  ss  pr^'fits  for  the  year  ended  tbe  3lfet  March,  1906,  were  £38,534  1T<1 
8d.,  aTkd  the  total  cost  of  manaiiem'nc  and  rxperiBeB  of  the  Department  £4,438 
12fi  9d.,  being  0  18  per  cent.,  or  2)<.  7d.  per  £100  on  tbe  capital  emplojed*    (Thi 


ADVANCES  TO    BETTLJEIIIS. 


573 


«06l  for  thft  preyJouB  ye&r  wan  016  p«r  cent.,  or  3n.  2d.  per  £100.)  The  net  prnfitB 
amounted  to  £34*047  9s.  M.^  DOtwiihstanding  tlie  adduional  expense  connected 
with  (be  cs^Dccrt^innM  granied  to  moripagnrB. 

The  l*^an  flotminn  charges  have,  aftf  r  leaving  the  suhiitantial  gTim  of  £50,000 
to  the  credit  of  ih«  R^^erve  Fnnd^  i^&en  further  written  down  out  of  acournuliited 
profile  by  the  s>im  of  £111,7^4  loa.  fid,,  bdngmig  the  extioGHon  of  thie  item 
wi&hin  me&surahli;  di>4iatice. 

Ativan  lag''  has  ben  inken  of  the  anthonty  given  to  the  Department  under 
tbe  Aci  pass-d  last  eepfiinn.  to  reinvest  on  mortgiige  the  greater  portion  nf  the 
iuu(\»  of  tbe  office  held  by  the  Public  Tc<iBtpe.  In  ie  now  mn  e»ia*»lifihed  f^ot 
that  tbe  wiihdrawal  and  reiuveotment  of  ibis  money,  which  ha^^  asHis'^d  »he 
Department  materiaHy,  w»s  a  move  in  ihe  ri^ht  direcdofi.  Tnie  ha?  enabled  ihe 
oifice  to  ra^et  the  gro^iog  reqmre'Tient**  of  settlera  dnrtug  the  \ear  prartionlly 
witboub  r  course  to  borrowing,  and  will  in  the  future  i^rove  to  be  a  Urge  cxjq- 
tributirtg  factor  to  the  yearlv  pioHte. 

1  be  whole  cost  of  providing  cover  indtsmnifvingtb**  D'^partment  as  mortpaijee 
against  claima  whitrb  may  ariae  under  '"  T'^e  Work'-rs*  Comppnsaiion  for  Acci- 
dents Acr,  19t>Q/*  h  no>v  borne  by  tbe  Depnrtment.  Hitheito  ibe  preminmg 
payable  in  respect  of  mortgage^ji'  accideni  indemnity  insurance  liave  been  a 
charge  against  mortgagors.  Arrangements  havt»  been  made  by  which  addiiional 
advances  are  now  indur-ed  on  the  original  mortgage  and  completed  throngb  the 
simple  mediun]  of  the  Fo-tmaabnis  free  of  charge  to  the  mor>g«ff<ir  ft^xcept  the 
payment  to  the  Deedn  Uifice  of  a  small  fee  of  lOd.  for  regstrat^on)  iiistend  of  a 
new  mortgage  being  executed  for  every  additional  advance,  whiich  is  a  lari^e 
aaving  in  la'A-cofiite  to  mortgagors.  The  fee  for  the  mortgage  form  is  e1imlt«ated 
from  8  .licitor**  hiU-*  of  co»t»,  and  the  form  ia  now  supplird  to  the  mortgagor  by 
(he  Bepiirtmetit  free  of  charge.  The»e  conceaaionB,  which  help  to  attain  the 
object  designed  by  the  Act,  cannot  be  regarded  otberwise  than  eminer  tiy  aatia- 
factory  to  borrowers,  an  1  the  Departmei)i  has  received  from  ieitlem  letters 
axpreMing  their  appreciation  of  the  great  Bmom  t  of  trouble  and  expense  whiob 
ihey  have  been  eaved  by  theee  important  oonoeBaioii^. 

Sixteen  freehold  and  H^^e  leasehold  securities  have  far  varfona  reasons  been 
realised  by  the  DepartmmL  up  to  tbe  present  time*  In  most  caiteB  fairly  good 
•urpluaeH  over  and  above  the  advances  owbig  to  the  DepartmeMt  have  been 
obtamad  and  refunded.  In  no  case  lian  a  toss  been  made,  and  (be  Department 
bM  at  (he  present  time  no  secnriiie^  on  its  bands. 

Mortgagors  continue  to  meet  tbeir  half-yearly  pavment<i  of  interest  and 
principal  in  a  manner  creditable  to  (hemsolves  and  highly  satiBfactory  to  the 
Department. 

k  ™...„  ~„_ 

^V  The  Incoue-tax. 

^TTn  New  Zealand  there  is  a  combined  land  and  income  tax  in  force. 
The  income-tax  is  generallv  assesaable  on  all  income,  with  the  exceptions 
of  tt^e  rente  or  profits  derived  from  the  direct  use  or  cultivation  of  land, 
and  interest  from  mortgages  of  land.  The  reason  for  these  important 
exceptions  is  that  the  income-tax  is  levied  in  conjunction  with  a  land- 
tax  and  a  graduated  land-tax  on  the  unimproved  value  of  land,  and  a 
tax  on  the  capital  valne  of  mortgages.  This  exemption  from  income- 
tax  of  income  derived  from  land  is  therefore  necessary  in  ortler  to  avoid 
duplicate  taxation,  on  the  principle  that  where  the  capital  is  taxed 
(as  in  land  and  mortgages)  tbe  income  earned  by  such  capital  b  exempt, 


574 


NIW    8SALAND    OFFICIAL    7BAB-BOOK, 


In  addition  to  the  above,  the  following  incomes  are  exempted :  The 

income  of — 

The  Crown ; 

The  salary  and  emoluments  of  the  GoTernor ;  ^M 

Local  atithoritics ;  ^| 

^m        Friendly  societies  in  respect  of  business  carried  on  witliin  thA 

H  circle  of  membership  only ; 

^^         Building  societies  ; 

H         Public  charitable  and  public  education  Lnstitotioos ; 

Hj         Savings-banks ; 

^m        Commissioners  of  General  Government  and  local  body  ftinkiug 

^H  lunch ; 

^K        Religious  societies,  so  far  as  ftmds  devoted  to  gupport  of  aged 

^1  or  infirm  ministers  or  their  familicB  only; 

V         Imperiaf  pensioners,  so  far  as  the  amount  of  the  pension  drawn 

K  from  the  Crown  and  charged  with  income-tax  in  Great  Britala 

H  or  some  British  possession  only  ; 

^^         Any  co-operative  dairy- factory  company^  so  far  as  income  if 

B  derived  from  dairy-produce  supplied  by  its  own  skareholden ; 

H  Public  societies  not  carrying  on  business  for  pecuniary  gain. 

"  Process  of  Assessment 

All  persons,  firms,  and  companies  deriving  income  in  or  from  the 
colony  are  required,  before  the  1st  June  in  each  year,  to  furnish  full 
and  complete  returns  of  the  same.  The  forms  on  which  returns  are 
required  to  be  made  are  posted  direct  to  taxpayers,  and  they  may  alca 
be  obtained  at  any  post-office. 

Returns  of  income  have  to  be  made  annually,  and  must  be  posted 
to  reach  the  Commissioner's  office  in  Wellington  not  later  than  the  1st 
of  June ;  they  contaiji  particulars  of  all  income  liable  to  taxation  actually 
earned  during  the  year  ending  the  31st  March  immediately  preceding* 

Returns  of  land  and  mortgages  arc  made  by  companies  annually 
and  by  persons  biennially,  and  mu3t  be  posted  to  reach  the  Commis- 
sioner's office  in  Wellington  not  later  than  the  1st  May.  The  returns 
contain  particulars  of  all  land  and  mortgages  as  owned  at  noon  on  the 
31st  March  ;  the  Commissioner  must  also  be  notified  from  time  to 
time  of  sales  or  purchases  of  land  and  alterations  in  mortgages. 

All  returns  (both  of  land  and  mortgages  and  of  income)  are  criticallj 
examined  by  a  permanent  and  experienced  staff  of  Government  ofBcials; 
all  inaccuracies  and  obscure  items  are  the  subject  of  correspondeoct 
during  examination. 

Income-tax  assessments  are  made  and  the  accounts  poeted  abool 
the  1st  January  ;  they  are  made  payable  about  the  3Ut  January^  and 
a  period  of  fourteen  days'  grace  is  allowed  in  which  to  make  payment, 
after  which  10  per  cent,  is  added  to  the  amount  of  the  tax. 

Land-tax  assessments  are  made  and  the  accounts  posted  about 
the  1st  November ;  they  are  made  payable  about  the  30th  Novembtf, 


and,  as  in  the  case  of  bcome-tax,  fourteen  days  are  allowed  in  which 
to  make  payment,  after  which  10  per  cent  ia  added  to  the  amount  of 
the  tax* 

The  returns  are  exhanstively  revised  and  checked  in  the  Land  and 
Income  Tax  Office^  Welliii^on,  all  doubtful  points  are  queried,  erroneous 
deduction  disallowed,  and  additiotia  made  where  necessary.  In  addition 
to  these  steps,  there  are  two  inspecting  officers  contintially  ^oing  all 
over  the  colony  verifying  returns  at  the  taxpayer's  domicile  by  a  rigid 
examination  of  his  bonks,  also  discovering  those  who  have  failed  to 
make  returns.  The  Act  provides  special  powers  for  examining  alf 
the  books,  iac,  of  a  taxpayer.  The  Commissioner  can  at  any  time 
call  for  the  production  to  the  inspecting  officers  of  all  books,  balance- 
eheets;  stock 'shects,  and  any  papers  or  other  evidence  of  tlie  Lixpayer*B 
income  ;  penalties  are  provided  in  the  event  of  refusal  to  comply  with 
the  Commissioner's  request.  This  prtxjess  of  examination  has  resulted 
in  a  very  large  amount  of  revenue  beingr  collected,  which  otherwise 
would  have  escaped,  and  it  is  beyond  qncistion  that  a  frreat  measure  of 
the  success  attending  the  incojue-tax  administration  in  New  Zealand 
is  in  a  large  degree  due  to  this  careful  and  systematic  inspection.  It 
not  only  results  in  the  large  collections  of  shortages  referred  to,  but 
ia  having  a  daily  moral  effect,  because  no  taxpayer  feels  safe  in  making 
incorrect  returns,  knowing  that  his  books  may  be  called  for  and 
examined  at  any  time 

The  Inspectors  aho  give  information  and  instnictions  to  taxpayers 
as  to  how  the  return'*  should  be  made,  and  suggest  a  simple  form  of 
accounts  to  be  kept  to  facilitate  the  making  of  the  return  in  the  correct 
form.  The  form  of  the  return  for  traders  and  manufacturers  is  that 
of  a  simple  profit  and  loss  account,  easily  understood  by  persona  in 
business.  A  great  ijnprovement  in  the  records  and  book-keeping  of 
taxpayers  has  resulted  from  this  actioa  of  the  Department. 

All  persons,  firms,  companies,  local  authorities,  Government  Depart- 
ments, and  others  having  employees,  furnish  annual  returns  of  the 
aalaries,  bonuses,  &c.,  paid  to  their  employees  as  remuneration  for  their 
services.  These  are  checked  by  comparison  with  the  iudividual  returns 
of  employees. 

All  persons^  firms,  or  companies  paying  interest  on  deposits,  loans^ 
&c.,  have  to  furnish  amiual  returns  of  such  payments,  and  altogether 
there  ia  a  complete  system  of  check  on  returns  furnished  to  the  Depart- 
ment. 

Penalties  are  provided  for  failure  to  make  returns  or  for  making 
incorrect  or  fraudulent  returns. 

Ordinary  trading  and  manufacturing  companies  are  assessed  on  the 
whole  of  the  income  derived,  save  that  from  exempted  sources  referred 
to*  In  addition  to  the  full  return  required  they  have  also  to  furnish 
a  true  copy  of  their  last  balance-sheet  issued  to  shareholders. 


676 


NEW    ZEAUAMD   OmCtAL   TBAK-BOOK 


I 


Banking  companiea  are  assessed  on  an  arbitraiy  amount,  amved 
at  by  taking  lOs.  per  cent,  on  the  average  assets  and  liabilit  e«  as  shown 
by  the  quarterly  statements  publish^  in  the  Government  GazeUe^ 
owing  to  the  diEcnlty  in  arriving  at  an  accurate  assessment  of  the 

actual  income. 

Loan,  building,  and  investment  companies  are  charged  on  the 
whole  of  their  income,  inclusive  of  the  interest  on  money  lent  on  mort- 
gage, but  in  their  case  the  mortgages  are  not  charged  land-tax 

Fire-  <iccident.  and  guarantee  insurance  compan'es  are  assessed 
on  the  business  done  in  New  Zealand  on'y,  and  reinsurances  with 
companies  or  underwntcrsjoutside  New  Zealand  are7not^anowed  w 
deductions  from  income.  "  ^ 

Life-insurance  companies  are  assessed  only  on '  thoT^incomcV^froin 
Lnvesf-menta  (other  than  investments  in  land  nr  mortgages  of  land). 

Mining  companies  are  asspssed  on  one -half  of  the  dividends  paid 
annually  to  shareholders.  (The  other  half  is  exempted,  as  it  is^deemed 
to  be  the  return  of  the  shareholders'  capital.)  "^ 

Income  from  shipping,  whether  in  the  case  of  companies'or  persons, 
for  assessment  is  deemed  to  be  that  derived  from  business  originatiag 
in  the  colony,  whether  carried  on  otitside  New  Zealand  or  not,  but  does 
not  include  income  from  business  originating  outside  New  Zealand. 

Where  a  company  has  borrowed  money  on  debentures  secured  on 
land,  the  debentures  are  deemed  to  be  a  mortgage  up  to  the  capital 
value  of  the  land,  and  are  assessed  as  a  mortgage.  If  the  amount  of 
the  debentures  exceed  the  capital  value  of  the  lands,  they  are  assessed 
on  this  excess  for  income-tax. 

The  only  income  which  is  assessed  at  the  source  is  that  derirod 
from  public  companies,  either  as  dividends  or  interest  on  debentures. 
In  all  other  cases,  income,  including  salaries,  is  assessed  direct  to  the 
taxpayer,  who  has  to  make  a  return  of  income  from  all  assessable 
sources  (such  returns  do  not,  oE  course*  include  income  from  dividends 
of  public  companies  or  interest  from  mortgages  and  debentures). 

Income  rctunis  and  assessments  arc  in  all  cases  made  on  the  actual 
income  of  the  preceding  year.  Returns  and  assessments  for  !and-tai« 
graduated  land- tax,  and  mortgage-tax  are  made  on  the  value  as  at  noon 
on  the  31st  day  of  March  in  each  year. 

What  is  deductible  from  Incotne, 

Briefly  put,  the  only  deductions  permissible  are  the  losses,  out- 
goings, and  expenses  actually  incurred  in  the  production  of  the  income. 
The  rules  as  to  thc.'ie  are  to  be  found  in  (more  particularly)  section  66 
of  **  The  Land  and  Income  Assessment  Act,  1900/' 

It  may  be  pointed  out  in  this  connection  that  in  taxpayers'  balance* 
sheets  many  sums  are  written  off  to  Profit  and  Loss  which  are  not 
allowed  in  a  return  of  income*  and  at  the  initiation  of  the  system  con- 
aiderable  difliculty  was  experienced  by  the  Department  in  disabttsiag 


THE    INCOME-TAX.  577 

taxpayers  of  the  idea  that  the  return  should  agree  with  the  Profit 
and  Loss  Account.  After  these  years,  however,  the  Department  has 
succeeded  in  tlioronghly  establishing  the  principle,  and  taxpayers 
now  recognise  that  the  return  must  be  prepared  in  accordance  with 
the  Assessment  Act,  and  not  with  what  they  have  deemed  to  be  the 
year's  profit  for  their  own  purposes.  This  has  the  effect  of  a  uniform 
return  being  obtained  for  assessment ;  otherwise  there  is  no  uniformity. 

Amongst  the  questions  to  which  special  attention  has  been  given 
is  that  of  the  depreciation  of  plant  and  machinery,  and  the  amount 
to  be  allowed  as  a  deduction  under  this  heading.  The  Amendment 
Act  of  1894  admitted  amongst  deductions  an  allowance  for  depreciation 
of  plant  and  machinery  over  and  above  what  may  be  claimed  as  repairs 
and  renewals,  and  this  allowance  is  maintained  in  the  Act  of  1900. 
The  allowance  is  by  law  fixed  at  what  may  be  considered  just  by 
the  Commissioner ;  but  the  Chief  Inspector  of  Machinery  is  in  this 
matter  the  expert  advisor  of  the  Department,  and  he  fixes  the  rates 
to  be  allowed.  The  rule  formulated  for  the  Inspector's  guidance  is 
as  follows : — 

An  allowance  to  be  made  for  depreciation  of  such  an  amount  (over 
and  above  what  ts  expended  in  renewals  and  repairs)  as  will  equal 
the  annual  loss  of  profit-earning  power.  This  is  not  intended  to  pro- 
vide for  the  exhaustion  or  diminution  of  capital  invested,  or  of  be- 
coming obsolete,  but  simply  represents  the  annual  deterioration 
through  wear-and-tear  (as  affecting  income -earning  capacity)  other 
than  that  which  can  be  made  good  by  repairs  and  renewals. 

Obsolete  machinery  is  also  allowed  for  when  the  machinery  has  been 
actually  discarded,  and  the  loss  definitely  ascertained  ;  the  amount 
allowed  is  the  actual  loss  on  the  machinery  discarded,  and  not  the 
value  ol  new  machinery  replacing  the  old.  Machinery  superseded 
by  something  better  but  kept  in  reserve  in  case  of  breakdown  is  not 
allowed  for. 

An  allowance  is  made  to  taxpayers  who  occupy  their  own  free- 
hold or  leasehold  preraisea  by  way  of  rent  or  sinking  fund.  Such  tax- 
payers are  now  entitled  to  deduct  a  sura  at  the  rate  of  5  per  cent* 
on  the  capital  value  of  their  interest  in  the  land  or  improvemente 
thereon.  Mortgage- interest  at  the  same  time  is  not  deductible.  The 
deduction  of  5  per  cent,  on  the  capital  value  of  the  taxpayer's  interest 
in  his  business  premises  precludes  any  further  deduction. 

All  assessments  are  made  in  the  office  of  the  Commissioner  of  Taxes, 
Wellington.  When  assessments  are  completed  the  Commissioner  serves 
each  taxpayer  with  a  notice  of  the  amount  on  which  he  is  assessed, 
and  also  at  the  same  time  with  a  notice  of  the  amount  payable  thereon. 
The  taxpayer  then  has  the  right  to  object  to  the  assessment  within  a 
time  specitied,  but  the  payment  of  the  tax  is  not  held  over  pending 
gettlement  of  the  objection.  These  objections  are  in  the  first  instance 
dealt  with  by  a  permanent  Bttpendiarv  Magistrate,  with  an  appeal  to 
the  higher  Courts  on  points  of  law. 

19-Ybk. 


I 


678 


HBW    SB  ALANS    OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


Special  Exemption  for  Jneome-tasc, 

Each  taxpayer^  wEetker  alone  or  in  partnersliip,  ia  aDowed  eierap* 
tion  up  to  £300.  That  is  to  say,  if  there  are  two  partners  in  the  busi 
ness  £000  is  exempted,  but  if  either  or  both  taxpayers  derive  income 
apart  from  the  partnership  then  no  further  exemption  is  allowed  in  tlicir 
individual  assessment.  Life-insurance  premiums  on  the  taxpayer^ 
own  life  arc  also  allowed  up  to  £50.  f^j 

The  statutory  exemption  of  £300  is  not  allowed  to  absentees,  whethd 
firms  or  individuaK  nor  in  any  case  to  companies. 


Rates  af  Tan 

Incorae-tax — 

On  the  first  £1,000  of  taxable  income 

after  allowancea  of  exemption  of  £300 

and  life-insurance  premiuais  up  to  £50 
On  i  ncoine  in  excess  of  £  1 ,300 
Companies  (no  exemption) 
Land-tax- 
Ordinary  land-tax  (on  the  unimproved 

value) 
Graduated  land-tax  (in  addition  to  ordi* 

nary  land-tax) 


Mortgages  f  on  the  capital  value)  r 


6d.  in  the  pound 
la.  in  the  pound. 
Id.  in  the  pound. 


Id.  in  the  pound. 

{Vd  to  Sd.  in  the 

pound. 
}d.  in  the  pound 


Toted  Yidd  of  Tax. 

The  income-tax  for  the  year  just  closed  (ending  the  31st  March, 
1906)  amounts  to  £261,815.  As  this  seems  a  small  sum,  the  many 
exempted  sources  of  income  already  enumerated  must  be  borne  in  mind. 
The  land-tax,  which  takes  the  place  of  income-tax  on  the  use  or  product 
of  land,  yielded  £385,755. 

The  net  assessed  income,  after  allowing  all  exemptions,  is  £5,78^\746. 
The  net  assessed  taxable  value  of  land  and  mortgages,  after  aUowing 
all  exemptions,  is  £77,114,677. 

The  number  of  income-tax  payers  is  8,993.  The  number  of  land* 
tax  payers  is  24,246. 

The  yields  of  tajt  for  the  last  ten  years  were  as  follows  : — 


£ 

£ 

1896-07    .. 

272,309 

105,504 

1897-98    .. 

267*286 

115,210 

1898-99    ,. 

298,052 

116,480 

1899-1900 

293.627 

128.721 

190O-1      .. 

294,583 

173,808 

1901-2      ., 

312,835 

179.397 

1902-3      .. 

296,062 

200,683 

UM)3^      .. 

334,990 

22K3C8 

190+-5 

36*2.854 

253,952 

1906-6      ., 

3a'>,7r>5 

2«U,815 

THK    LAND-TAX. 


679 


Th«  numbers  of  taxpajere  for  the  same  period  were  :— 

L&Dd-tAX,         Iiioom«-t«x. 
1896-97     ..  ..  ..  ,,  13.360 


I8<>7"98 

1898-99 

1890- I &00 

1900-1 

1901-2 

1902-3 

1003-4 

1904-5 

1905-6 


13  J  32 
15,449 
15.892 
16,888 
18,468 
18,869 
20,865 
23.895 
24,24*'. 


4/276 
4»588 
4,647 
5,0SS 
5,056 
6.556 
7,589 
8.258 
8,934 
8,903 


Princi'ple  of  Gfoduaiimi. 

All  iucoraes  are  exempt  up  to  £300,  with  tlie  exceptions  previously 
mentioned.  This  amount  ia  taken  off  the  income  of  all  taxpayers,  so  that 
a  person  with  a  net  income  of  £300  would  pay  nothing,  while  one  with  an 
incf>tne  of  £350  would  pay  tax  on  £50  only,  and  so  on.  As  explained, 
incomes  of  persona  over  £1,000,  after  allowing  £300  exemptioii,  pay  a 
double  rate,  so  the  system  of  graduation  may  he  described  as — the 
total  exemption  of  small  incomes  up  to  £300,  a  tax  of  6d.  in  the 
pound  on  moderate  incomes  between  £300  and  £1,300,  and  on  larger 
incomes  over  £1,300  at  6d.  in  the  pound  on  the  first  £1,000  and  Is*  in 
the  pound  on  the  excess. 

Thb  Land-tax, 

The  land-tax  is  assessed  on  the  unimproved  value — Le.^  the  capital 
value  (or  grosa  saleable  value)  less  the  value  of  aU  improvements,  so 
that  there  is  an  entire  exemption  of  improvements  on  land  from 
taxation.  Since  this  was  initiated  it  is  estimated  that  over  £30,000,000 
has  been  expended  on  improvements,  which  consists  entirely  of  labour 
and  materials.  The  effect  of  this  on  trade  and  labour  in  conducing  to 
til©  prosperity  of  the  colony  can  scarcely  be  appreciated. 

An  owner  of  land  the  unimproved  value  of  which,  together  with 
mortgages  owing  to  him,  does  not  exceed  £1,500  (after  deducting  mort- 
gages owing  by  him)  is  allowed  an  exemption  of  £500,  but  where  such 
value  exceeds  £1,500  the  exemption  diminishes  by  £1  for  every  £2 
that  such  value  increases,  so  that  no  exemption  is  allowable  when 
£2,500  is  reached. 

If  the  total  unimproved  value  of  land  in  any  assessment  amounts 
to  £5,000  or  over,  graduated  land-tax  is  payable  thereon  (in  addition 
to  ordinary  land-tax)  in  graduations  beginning  at  the  rate  of  f'^d.  in 
the  pound,  and  increasing  by  sixteenths  to  the  maximum  rate  of  3d, 
in  the  pound.  Mortgages  are  not  chargeable  with  graduated  tax, 
but,  on  the  other  hand,  they  are  not  deductible  in  assessments  for 
graduated  land-tax. 

Owing  to  the  deductions  and  exemptions  allowable  the  number  of 
land-tax  payers  is  only  24,246,  as  corapared  with  the*  number  of  land- 
owners estimated  at  125,000  freeholders  and  20,000  Crown  tenants. 


* 


580 


SR\%     KBALAKD   OFFICIAL    TBAH-BOOK. 


Fifty  per  cent*  additional  on  the  amount  of  the  graduated  tax  ia 
levied  where  the  owners  have  been  resident  out  of  the  colony  for  a 
period  of  not  less  than  one  year  next  preceding  the  date  of  the  paasing 
of  the  annual  taxing  Act. 

The  valuations  for  land-tax  are  made  by  the  Government  Valuation 
of  Land  Department,  who  employ  a  permanent  staff  of  expert  valueii 
and  supply  the  assessment  rolls  used  by  the  Land  and  Income  Tai 
Department. 

The  Act  contains  a  provision  that  in  cases  where  the  income  from 
any  land  or  mortgages,  plus  income  from  all  other  sources,  is  less  than 
£200  per  annum,  and  the  owner  is  incapacitated  by  age  or  infirmity  from 
supplementing  such  income,  a  further  exemption  may  be  aUowed  by 
the  Cominissioner  upon  his  being  satisfied  that  the  payment  of  the  tax 
would  entail  hardship  on  such  owner.  This  discretionary  power  ba§ 
been  exercised  in  a  considerable  number  of  instances,  especially  in  the 
case  of  widows  and  orphans  with  small  means,  and  much  hardship 
prevented. 

All  mortgages  are  assesstjd  at  their  full  nominal  value,  except  where 
it  is  satisfactorily  shown  that  owing  to  depreciation  of  the  security  or 
other  cause  such  value  has  been  diminished.  In  the  case  of  mixed 
mortgages— that  is,  mortgages  which  are  secured  on  both  real  and 
personal  property— the  amount  of  the  mortgage  chargeable  with  land- 
tax  is  taken  to  bo  the  assessed  value  of  the  land  included  in  the  security, 
the  interest  derived  from  the  balance  of  mortgage  being  liable  to  in- 
come-tax- 
Native  lands  which  are  occupied  by  Europeans  are  subject  to  the 
ordinary  tax,  it  being  considered  that,  as  such  lands  have  benefited 
equally  with  the  lands  of  Europeans  by  the  expenditure  of  public 
money,  they  should  bear  some  proportion  of  the  taxation.  But 
recognising  that  in  some  instances,  where  the  interests  of  the  Native 
owners  are  small,  the  collection  of  the  tax  might  possibly  entail  som« 
hardship,  the  Legislature  decided  that  only  half  the  usual  rate  should 
be  collected  on  such  lands.  Grraduated  tax  is  not  chargeable  on  Native 
land. 

Exempliom  from  Land-tax, 
A  place  of  worship  for  any  religious  society,  or  a  place  of  residence 
for  any  of  the  clergy  or  ministers  of  such  society. 

A  charitable  or  educational  institution  (other  than  a  public  charitabli 
or  educational  institution  hereinbefore  exempt)  not  carried  on  exclu- 
sively for  pecuniary  profit:  provided  that  this  exemption  shall  not 
extend  to  more  than  15  acres  in  the  case  of  any  one  such  institution. 

A  public  library,  athengeimi,  mechanics'  institute,  public  museum, 
school  of  mines^  or  masonic  lodge. 

A  showground  or  place  of  meeting  of  any  agricultural  society. 
A  public  cemetery  or  public  burial-ground. 


HATING    ON    UNIMPKOVBD   VALDB   OF   LAl^D. 


5bl 


A  public  garden,  public  domain,  public  recreation-ground,  or  otker 
public  reserve. 

A  public  road  or  public  street. 

A  public  railway,  to  the  extent  of  tlie  land  actually  used  for  per- 
raanent-way,  and  for  yards,  sheds,  and  buildings  for  the  purpoaea  of 
traffic  only,  but  not  further  nor  otherwise. 


System  op  CoLLBonoN. 


The 


be  paid 


postal 


-order  ( 


direct 
Coraniissioner  ( 
tlie  collection  of  the  income-tax  for  1905-6,  including  cost  of  assess- 
ment and  administration,  was  2*32  per  cent.,  and  for  land-tax, 
graduated  land-tax,  and  mortgage -tax,  including  the'^cost  of  valuation 
of  land,  was  3*66  per  cent.  The  cost  of  collection  for  both  taxes  was 
3-12  per  cent, 

^••THE    GOVERNMENT    VALUATION 

I  1896.'* 

[A  COMPLETE  exposition  of  the  system  in  force,  with  tables,  forms 
the  subject  of  Section  XXI  of  Part  II.     See  page  495,  ante,] 


OP    LAND     ACT, 


k 


RATING  ON  UNIMPROVED  VALUE  OF  LAND. 
"The  Rating  on  Unimproved  Value  Act,  1896,"  was  passed  by 
the  General  Assembly  to  atford  local  bodies  the  opportunity  of 
adopting  the  principle  of  rating  which  is  expressed  in  the  title 
oi  the  measure.  It  is  entirely  at  the  option  of  the  bodies  to  adopt 
the  system,  and  provision  is  made  for  a  return  to  the  old  system  of 
rating,  if  desired »  after  three  years'  experience  of  the  new  one. 
The  Act  provides  that  a  proportion  of  the  ratepayers  on  the  roll, 
varying  from  25  per  cent,  where  the  total  number  does  not  exceed 
100,  to  15  per  cent,  where  the  number  exceeds  300r  may  by  demand 
in  writing,  delivered  to  the  chairman  of  the  district,  require  that  a 
proposal  to  rate  property  on  the  basis  of  the  unimproved  value  may 
be  submitted  to  the  ratepayers,  whose  votes  shall  be  taken  between 
twenty-one  and  twenty*eight  days  after  delivery  of  the  demand. 
The  poll  is  to  be  taken  in  the  same  manner  as  in  case  of  a  proposal 
to  raise  a  loan  in  the  district  under  *'  The  Local  Bodies'  Loans  Act, 
1901/' 

Under  the  original  Act  it  was  necessary  for  a  minimum  number 
of  one -third  of  the  ratepayers  to  vote,  and  a  majority  of  their  votes 
carried  the  proposaK     Now,  under  ''The  Local  Government  Voting 


582 


NEW    ZEALiJID   OFFICIAL    TBAIt-BOOX. 


Eefonn  Act,  1899."  the  question  of  adoption  or  otherwise  is  decided 
by  a  bare  majority  of  the  valid  votes  recorded,  irrespective  of  the 
number  of  ratepayers  who  have  voted. 

A  rescinding  proposal  can  be  carried  at  a  poll  by  the  same  in€ 
as  one  for  adoption,  but  not  until  after  three  years  have  elap 
and,  vice  versa,  rejection  of  a  proposal  bars  its  being  again  brot 

forward  for  a  similar  period.      However,  in  the  case  of  past ; 

at   which   the  proposal  to  adopt  the  Act    was   rejected    solely  oT 
account  of  an  insulBcient  number  of  ratepayers  recording  their  votes, 
it  is  now  provided  that  a  new  poll  may  be  held  at  any  time. 

The  valuation-roli  is  suppUed  to  the  local  authority  by  the  Valoer- 
General  under  the  provisions  of  **  The  Government  Valuation  of  Land 
Act,  1896,*'  and  its  amendments  of  1900  and  1903, and  the  de&nitioas 
of  *•  capital  value,*'  '*  improvements,"  **  unimproved  value,"  and 
**  value  of  improvements"  found  in  these  Acts  apply  also  to  the 
Rating  on  Unimproved  Value  Act.  Provision  is  made  for  adjustment 
of  rating-powers  given  under  previous  Acts  to  the  Act  of  1896  by 
fixing  equivalents.  Thus  a  rate  of  Is,  in  the  pound  on  the  aonuaJ 
value  under  former  Acts  is  to  be  considered  equal  to  }d.  in  the 
pound  on  the  capital  value  under  the  Act  of  1896, 

The  adjustmeots  are  to  be  made  so  that  the  rates  on  the  uniui- 
proved  value  shall  be  such  as  to  produce  as  much  as,  but  not  more 
than,  the  rates  under  "The  Rating  Act,  1894."  For  instance,  sup- 
posing a  local  authority  lias  a  rating -power  up  to  }d.  in  the  pound 
on  tlie  capital  value,  then  it  can  levy  any  rate  in  the  pound  on 
the  unimproved  value  of  land  in  its  district  so  long  as  the  producing 
capacity  of  such  rate  is  not  greater  than  would  be  the  prodtidng  capacity 
of  a  ftl  rate  on  tJie  capital  value  of  the  district.  When  a  fixed  rate, 
under  the  older  systeoi  of  rating,  is  security  for  a  loan,  the  Controller 
and  Auditor-General  is  given  power  to  interfere  and  fix  the  new  ra4e 
himself  if  of  opinion  that  the  new  rate  on  the  unimproved  value  doei 
not  afford  equally  good  security  to  the  one  to  be  given  up. 

The  operation  of  the  Act  does  not  apply  to  water,  gaa^  electric 
light,  sewage^  nor  hospital  and  charitable  aid  rates. 

Particulars  will   be  found   in    Section    IV.   *'  Local    Governing 
Bodies,"  of  the  local  bodies  that  have,  up  to  31st  March,  1905,  sul^ 
I  mitted  the  question  of  the  adoption  of  the  Act  to  the  ratepayers, 

^B      and  the  result  of  the  polling  in  ea^h  case. 

I      " 

L       p 

p: 

L 


STATE  FIRE  INSURANCE. 
In  the  year  1903  was  passed  an  Act  **  to  establish  a  State  Pirt 
Insurauce  Office  and  to  make  other  provisions  for  the  insurance  and 
protection  of  insurable  property  in  New  Zealand  against  loss  or 
damage  by  fire." 

The  statute  provides  for  the  estabiishment  of  an  office  to  be 
administered  by  a  General  Manager  appointed  by  the  Governor,  and 
for  the  necessary  staff — not  subject  to  the  laws  regulating  the  CittI 
Service. 


STATE    I^IKfi    INBUBANCB.  583 

There  is  provision  for  the  constitution  of  a  Boards  to  consist  of 
the  General  Manager,  the  Colonial  Treasurer,  the  Government 
Insurance  Coinmissioner,  and  two  other  persona  (not  heing  in  the 
Civil  Service)  appointed  by  the  Governor.  The  latter  hold  otlice  for 
two  years,  with  eligibility  for  reappoint! rient,  and  are  to  be  remune- 
rated according  to  appropnation  by  Parliament. 

In  order  to  provide  capital  for  the  business,  the  Treasurer,  on 
being  authorised  by  the  Governor  in  Council,  is  empowered  to  raise 
from  time  to  time  such  sums  as  he  thinks  fit,  not  exceeding  in  the 
whole  £100,000^  any  of  which  rnay»  if  found  convenient,  be  raised 
in  the  colony. 

In  the  event  of  euch  capital  not  being  found  sufficient,  the 
Trea^surer,  on  being  authorised  by  the  Government,  is  empowered  to 
raise  additional  capital  as  required.  To  do  this  the  General  Man- 
ager must  convene  a  meeting  of  the  Board,  and,  if  the  Board  ap- 
proves, by  retjuisition  under  his  seal  apply  to  the  Treasurer  for  what 
IS  deemed  necessary  by  way  of  supplementary  capital  and  additional 
funds  (not  exceeding  £20,000  at  a  time)  to  carry  on  business  until 
the  pleasure  of  Parliament  is  signified. 

The  rate  of  interest  on  debentures,  scrip,  or  other  security  issued 
in  respect  of  any  sum  raised  under  the  Act  may  not  be  higher  than 
4  per  cent. 

For  purposes  of  sinking  fund,  it  is  provided  that  at  the  expira- 
tion of  every  triennial  period  during  the  currency  of  securities  the 
General  Manager  shall  pay  over  to  the  Public  rrostee  one- half  the 
net  profits  to  the  credit  of  a  State  Ftre  Insurance  Sinking  Fund 
Account.  As  soon  as  the  Treasurer  is  satisfied  that  the  accumula- 
lioos  of  sinking  fund  will  suffice  to  redeem  the  securities  at  maturity 
he  is  to  notify  the  Public  Trustee  and  the  Manager,  whereupon  the 
payments  of  siokiog  fund  cease,  and  subsequent  accretions  of  in- 
terest are  paid  into  Reserve  Fund, 

All  moneys  payable  to  the  General  Manager  are  to  be  paid  to 
the  credit  of  the  State  Fire  Insurance  Account,  out  of  which  shall 
be  payable,  without  further  appropriation  than  the  Act  under  notice, 
all  costs  and  expenses,  salaries,  tire  losbes,  and  other  outgoings  of 
Ihe  busiuess— including  interest  payable  on  securities  issued. 

Provision  is  nmde  for  the  General  Manager,  with  consent  of 
the  Board,  to  buy,  sell,  or  lease  land,  with  or  without  builtiings. 

For  the  period  ending  31st  December  following  the  expiration  of 
three  years  after  the  first  insurance  is  effected,  and  triennially  from 
then,  one-half  of  the  net  siirpliis  profits  are  to  go  to  a  Reserve  Fund 
and  be  invested  by  the  General  Manager.  The  other  half  is  to  be 
devoted  to  bonuses  payable  to  such  persons  as  are  actual  insurers  in 
the  State  Fire  Insurance  Office.  The  division  is  to  be  made  on  a 
proportional  basis,  relatively  to  premiums  paid,  and  as  soon  after 
the  close  of  the  triennial  period  as  possible. 

On  the  4th  January,  1905,  the  State  Fire  Insurance  Office  opened 
for  public  business,  and  at  the  end  of  that  year  the  pubhc  support 
accorded  resulted  in  insurances  therein  lo  SX\^  ei\,ewl  o\  ScJ^S5K3R^53RlKi. 


■ 


iriW    SKALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAIt-BOOS. 

The  State  Fire  Insurance  Office  commenced  business  with  pre- 
miums 10  per  cent.  ]es8  than  those  accepted  by  the  private  insurance 
companies,  and  a  little  later  the  latter  reduced  to  the  same  level  all 
rates,  except  on  dwellings,  which  were  lowered  by  33 J-  per  com. 
The  State  Fire  Insurance  Office  thereupon  reduced  dwellings  by  33| 
per  cent.  The  private  insurance  companies  also  decided  (1)  to  decliae 
reinsurances  from  or  to  *jive  reinsurances  to  the  State  Fire  Insur- 
ance Office,  and  (2)  to  decline  to  accept  any  risk  on  which  the  St^te 
Fire  Insurance  Office  held  a  iine  ;  and  this  attitude  was  maintained 
by  the  private  insurance  companies  until  early  in  1906,  when  they 
agreed  (1)  to  continue  to  decline  reinsurances  from  or  to  give  re- 
insurances to  the  State  Fire  Insurance  Office,  but  (2)  to  allow  each 
other  to  accept  risks  on  which  the  State  Fire  Insurance  Office  held 
a  line,  and  also  to  abandon  their  objection  to  the  State  Fire  Insur- 
ance Office  accepting  risks  on  which  they  themselves  had  lines. 

The  State  Fire  Insurance  Office  has  evidently  found  favour  with 
the  public,  and,  seeing  it  has  been  successful,  it  fully  justices  the 
object,  of  its  inauguration,  namely,  that  the  Government  Office 
ehould  regulate  the  rates  of  fire-insurance  premiums  on  the  basis  of 
fair  prices,  which  on  an  average  would  leave  a  reasonable  and 
legitimate  trade  profit  on  the  business  of  fire  insurance  for  all 
concerned. 


OLD-AGE  PENSIONS  IN  NEW   ZEALAND. 

On  the  8th  July*  1B96,  a  Bill  providing  for  the  payment  of  old-age 
pensions  was  iuiroduced  by  Uie  Eight  Honourable  R.  J  Seddon  into 
the  Lower  House,  but  lapsed  in  Committee  on  the  16tli  September. 

Later  in  the  same  year,  on  the  14 th  October,  a  Begistration  of 
People's  Claims  Bill  was  introduced,  the  object  being  to  ascertain 
the  probable  cost  of  establishing  an  Old-age  Pension  Fund. 

This  Bill  passed  throu^^h  all  its  stages  in  both  Houses,  and 
received  the  Governor's  assent  on  the  17th  October, 

In  1897  an  Old-age  Pensions  Bill  was  again  introduced,  and 
passed  all  its  stages  in  the  Lower  House,  but  was  thrown  out  at  the 
second  reading  in  the  Upper  House. 

Still  again,  in  1898,  an  Old-age  Pensions  Bill  was  introduced,  and 
this  year  succeeded  in  passing  both  Houses,  receiving  th©  Governor's 
assent  on  the  1st  November,  1898.  Under  this  Act  the  Begistration 
of  People's  Claims  Act  of  1896  was  repealed. 

The  Act  thus  passed  provided  for  the  payment  out  of  the  Con- 
Bohdated  Funu  of  a  pension  of  £1B  per  annum,  or  08.  lid.  per  weeJc, 
without  contribuliou  by  the  beneficiaries. 

An  amending  Act»  however,  passed  on  the  29th  July,  1905,  and 
taking  effect  on  the  1st  Bepteniber,  increased  the  full  pension  to 
£26  per  annum,  or  10s,  a  week. 

The  Act  is  administered  by  a  Eegistrar  located  at  WellingtoJi, 
who  is  responsible  lo  the  CoIouvulI  TtQ8,aur6t.     For  the  purposes  of 


OLD-AGE    PENSIONS* 


585 


administration  the  colon)'  is  divided  into  seventy-four  districts, 
each  ill  charge  of  a  Deputy  Registrar.  In  the  chief  centres  of 
population  the  Deputy  Keo:istrar  is  tlie  paid  oihcer  of  the  Old-age 
Pensions  DepiirLinent,  but  otherwise  the  duties  of  this  office  are 
nndertaken  by  Clerks  of  Stipendiary  Magistrates'  Courts,  All  claiina 
are  investigated  by  Stipendiary  Magistrates,  who  alone  have  the 
power  to  grant  or  refuse  pensions. 

The   Act  appHes  to  all  resideata  of  the  colony  who  fulfil  the 
necessary  Gonditiions>  except — 

(L)  Maoris  who  receive  voI&b  other  thnn  pensions  out  of  the  grant  appro 

pnate<3  by  "*  The  Civil  Li«t  Act,  1863/' 
(2.)  Alien?. 

is.)  NfitiiraliBod  aubjocts  wlio  have  not  been  natnrnliscd  one  year. 
4.)  Chinese  or  other  Atlatics,  whether  naturalised  or  not. 

I    The  qualifications  of  an  applicant  are  briefly  as  follows  :— 
{l.\  He  must  hftve  reached  the  age  of  sixty -five. 
(S.)  He  must  have  resided  continuously  in  the  colony  for  twenty- five  yeirs. 
Note, — Cootinuoua    residence    is    not    Interrupted    by    occtUjionAl 
fthsences  not  exceeding  two  years*     By  the  arnendiag  Act  ol  1900  four 
years*   absence   is   alLowcd  where  the  applicant  was  not  absent  during 
the  twelve  months  preceding  the  day  on  which  the  original  Act  was 
passed,  and  where  tota!  actna!  residence  is  cot  leas  than  twenty-fiTe 
years.     In  the  case  of  a  seaman  continuous  residence  is  not  interrupted 
by   absence  on    board   a  ship   registered    in   the   colony,   provided   he 
establisheH  the  fact  that  his  home  Is  in  tbe  colony. 
(8.)  He  must  not  during  the  past  twelve  years  have  been  imprisoned  for  four 
raontbfi  or  on  four  occasion  a  for  an  offence  punishable  by  twelve 
moutbs'  imprisnnment. 
(4.)  He  must  not  during  the  past  twenty -five  years  have  been  imprisoned 

I for  five  years  for  any  o£Fence, 

^H       (5.)  He  must  not  at  any  time  have  deserted  his  wife  and  children, 

^^M  Note. — An  amending  Act  in  1902  substituted  for  the  word.?  "  at 

^^P  any  time  *'  the  words  *'  during  the  past  twelve  years." 

^H       (6.)  He  must  have  lived  a  sotser  and  reputable  life  during  the  past  five  yean. 

^^L       (7-)  His  yearly  income  mu&t  nob  reach  £52. 

^^B  Note.— The  amendmg  Act  of  1905  increased  this  amount  to  £60. 

^^K^^(8,}  The  net  vat ue  of  his  accumulated  property  must  not  be  £270  or  over. 

^^^^^^  NoTE.^The  amending  Act  of  1905  reduced  this  amount  to  £260. 

^^^^H|.)  He  must  not  have  deprived  himeelf  of  property  or  Income  to  qualify  for 

^^^^^  a  pension. 

I  Each  applicant  must  apply  in  person  to  the  Deputy  Registrar 

of  the  district  in  which  he  resides,  and  fill  in  a  form.  The  Deputy 
Registrar  proceeds  at  once  to  verify  the  applicant's  statements  by  a 
set  of  inquiry  forms,  which  are  sent  out  as  follows  : — 

Fr>rm  B,  to  the  various  banks. 

Form  C,  to  the  V&luauon  and  Tax  Departments. 

Form  D,  to  the  Po8t-Oflice  Savinga-Bank. 

Form  E«  to  the  Police  Department. 

Furm  F,  to  the  Registrar  of  Deeds. 

Form  G,  to  the  employers. 

Form  H,  to  a  person  of  good  charaoter  who  has  known  the  applioant  for 

a  long  time. 
Form  I,  to  the  insurance  companies. 
Form  K»  to  the  Registrar,  for  proof  of  age  and  residenoe. 
Form  L,  to  the  mortgagee,  where  a  mortgage  existBi 


I 


586 


NEW    KBALAND   OFFICIAL    TSAB  BOOK. 


Tlie  results  of  these  inquiries  are  transmitteti,  with  the  form  of 
applicatLoo,  to  the  Stipendiary  Magistrate  presiding  at  the  Dearest 
^Pouri,  and  a  date  is  fixed  for  the  persooal  examination  of  the 
^nsioner. 

The  Deputy  Kegistrar  is  the  only  person  outside  the  Mikgistrate 
who  is  authormed  to  appear  at  the  investigation  of  a  claim  and  to 
question  an  applicant. 

NoTB.— Under  the  orij^inal  Act  these  investigations  were  held  m 
open  Court,  but  the  Act  of  1905  gives  the  Magistraie  power,  if  he 
BO  chooses,  to  hear  all  cases  m  camera. 

The  Magistrate  iutiiuates  hh  decision  to  the  Registrar,  who,  if 
tlie  pension  is  allowed,  issues  a  pension-certificate  for  the  atnounl 
gran  ted  t  without  which  no  payment  can  be  received. 

Each  pension  is  granted  for  twelve  months,  and  a  fresh  applica- 
tion requires  to  be  made  each  year  for  renewal. 

Payment  of  the  pension  is  made  by  twelve  monthly  instalments 
through  the  Post  Office,  sufficient  money  being  remitted  by  way  of 
imprest  each  month  to  meet  the  instalments  falling  due  in  that 
month.  The  particulars  necessary  for  payment  are  furnished  to  the 
Post  Office  each  year  by  schedules  containing  all  pensions  then 
current,  supplementary  schedules  being  forwarded  each  month  of 
the  new  pensions  granted  in  that  month.  Lists  of  pensions  payable 
at  each  paying  office  are  supplied  to  that  office,  and  are  open  for 
inspection  on  payment  of  Is. 

Instalments  are  payable  on  the  Ist  oi  the  month »  but  may  be 
collected  up  to  the  first  day  of  the  month  following,  after  which 
date  the  special  amhority  of  the  Colonial  Treasurer  is  required 
before  payment  can  be  made. 

The  full  pension  under  the  old  Act  was  reducible  by — 

jl.)  £1  for  ©very  complete  £l  of  iocome  over  £34. 

(2.)  £1  for  (jvery  complete  £15  of  net  aco  a  inula  led  property. 

Under  the  Act  of  1905  the  deduction  on  account  of  property  wa« 
altered  from  j^l  in  £15  to  £1  in  JeiO. 

l!icome  is  money  or  profits  derived  by  any  means  from  any 
source,  and  includes  the  cost  of  board  and  lodging  up  to  iB26,  bat  uot 
sick- allowance  or  funeral  benefitB  paid  by  a  friendly  society. 
r^  Ket  accumulated  property  is  the  capital  value  of  all  real  and 
personal  property  owned  by  an  applicant,  less  the  amount  of  any 
mortgage  existing  on  the  property,  and  less  tfie  sum  of  £50. 

Under  the  Act  of  1905  a  deduction  of  £150  instead  of  £50  is 
allowed  where  any  pare  of  the  property  of  an  applicant  consists  of 
property  on  which  he  permanently  resides  and  wnich  produces  no 
income. 

There  have  been  various  changes  in  the  provisions  dealing  with 
the  division  of  income  and  property  where  the  claimant  is  married, 

Under  the  original  Act  the  income  of  a  married  claimant  wai 
deemed  to  be  not  less  than  half  of  the  toial  incomes  of  husbajid  anJ 
wife,  but  there  was  no  limit  placed  on  the  amount  of  property  which 
the  husband  or  wife  of  an  applicant  could  own. 


OLJO-AQB   PKNBIONB,  687 

The  Act  of  1900  altered  this  by  limiting  the  amouot  of  income  of 
a  married  couplej  iDcluding  pension,  to  ^78,  and  providing  for  the 
charging  of  half  a  husband's  property  against  his  wife,  and  vice 
versa.  A  further  amendment  has  now  been  effected  by  the  Act 
of  1905,  which  increased  the  £78  hmit  of  income  for  husband  and 
wife  (including  pension)  to  j£90,  and  provides  for  the  equal  distribu- 
tdon  between  husband  and  wife  of  all  property  owned  by  either  or 
both  of  them. 

To  ascertain  whether  a  pensioner  is  entitled  to  a  renewal  of  his 
pension,  ho  is  required  each  year,  shortly  before  the  expiry  of  the 
certificate  held  by  him,  to  furnish  the  Deputy  Registrar  with  a  state- 
ment of  his  income  during  the  past  year,  and  also  of  his  pro- 
perty. On  receipt  of  this  statement  the  Deputy  Registrar  pro- 
ceeds to  verify  the  contents  by  the  inquiry  forms,  and  then  submits 
it  to  the  Magistrate,  who  investigates  it  in  the  same  manner  as  is 
done  in  an  origmal  claim,  the  pensioner  being  required  to  attend  in 
person  if  able  to  do  so.  The  decision  of  the  Magistrate  is  notified 
to  i.he  Registrar,  who  issues  a  fresh  pension-certificate  for  the  amount 
for  which  the  pejision  is  renewed,  and  authorises  the  Post  Office  to 
pay  for  another  twelve  months.  The  expired  certificate  is  retained  by 
the  Post  Office  on  payment  of  the  final  instalment,  and  forwarded  to 
the  Pensions  Department,  where  it  is  filed. 

If  a  person  is  physically  unfit  to  draw  his  pension  in  person^  he 
Difty  appoint  an  agent,  who  requires  an  authority  signed  by  a 
Stipendiary  Magistrate  before  he  can  collect  an  instalment,  This 
authority  is  renewed  each  year  as  the  pension  is  renewed. 

Pensions  granted  to  persons  maintained  in  charitable  institutions 
are  paid  to  the  governing  bodies  of  the  institutions  on  production  of 
an  authority,  Hkewise  signed  by  a  Stipendiary  Magistrate.  A  fresh 
authority  is  required  each  month  in  these  cases. 

No  payment  is  made  of  an  instalment  which  falls  due  while  a 
pensioner  is  in  gaol,  in  an  asylum,,  or  out  of  the  colony. 

On  the  death  of  a  pensioner  the  portion  of  the  instalment  accruing 
to  date  of  death,  together  with  any  unpaid  instalment  then  payable, 
may  be  paid  if  apphed  to  defray  funeral  expenses. 

If  the  Registrar  has  reason  to  believe  that  any  pension  has  been 
improperly  obtained,  he  may  suspend  payment  and  cause  an  inquiry 
to  be  held  before  a  Magistrate,  who  has  full  power  to  act. 

If  during  the  currency  of  a  pension -certificate  a  pensioner 
becomes  possessed  of  property  or  income  in  excess  of  the  amount 
allowed  by  Jaw,  the  Registrar  may  apply  to  the  Magistrate  to  have 
the  pension  cancelled  or  varied, 

A  Magistrate  has  power  on  his  own  initiative  to  review  any 
previous  decision,  and  to  cancel  or  amend  any  pension -certificate. 

If  a  pensioner  is  convicted  ol  drunkenness  or  any  other  offence 
the  convicting  Court  has  power  to  forfeit  one  or  more  instalments,  to 
cancel  the  pension  outright,  or  to  order  payment  to  be  made  to  an 
agent,  ^_^«,«.=«,_ 


5 


588 


NEW    SK ALAND    OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 


Any  person  who  by  a  wilfully  false  statemetit  obt&ios  or  attetDpta 
to  obtain  a  pension  to  which  he  is  not  entitled  is  liable  to  six  months 
imprisonment,  as  also  is  any  person  who  aids  or  abets  such  person. 

Where  it  has  been  found  that  a  pensioner  has  been  overpaid,  and 
the  Magistrate  is  of  opinion  that  such  overpayment  was  obtained  by 
fraud,  the  pensioner  is  liable^  in  addition  to  imprisonment,  to  & 
penalty  of  double  the  amount  paid  in  excess. 

If  on  the  death  of  a  pensioner,  or  the  wife  or  husband  of  ^ 
pensioner,  it  is  found  that  he,  or  either  of  them,  was  possessed  of 
property  in  excess  of  the  amount  allowed  by  law  in  respect  to  the 
amount  of  pension  granted,  double  the  amount  of  pension  so  overp^d 
may  be  recovered  from  the  estate  so  found  to  be  in  excess. 

Any  person  otherwise  qualified  to  receive  a  pension  who  owns 
property  on  which  he  resides,  and  the  value  of  which  does  nol 
exceed  £300,  may  transfer  the  said  property  to  the  Public  Trustee, 
and  the  value  of  such  property  shall  be  deducted  from  the  capital 
value  of  his  total  accumulated  property  for  the  purpose  of  computing 
the  amount  of  bis  pension.  The  pensioner  is  permitted  to  reside  on 
the  property  rent-free  during  his  lifetime,  but  he  must  pay  all  rate« 
and  charges  thereon.  If  a  husband  and  wife,  both  being  pensioners. 
are  living  together,  and  one  should  die,  the  survivor  shall  be  per- 
mitted to  continue  to  reside  on  the  property.  On  the  death  of  both 
pensioner  and  survivor,  or  where  the  pensioner  is  no  longer  entitled 
to  a  pension,  the  Public  Trustee  shall  sell  the  property,  and  after 
deducting  from  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  the  amount  of  pension  paid 
as  a  consequence  of  the  transfer  of  the  property,  together  with  his 
commission  and  interest  at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent.,  shall  pay  tbe 
balance  to  the  person  or  persont?  entitled  thereto.  Provision  is  made 
for  a  pensioner  or  survivor  to  pay  such  amounts  as  aforesaid  at  any 
time,  with  a  view  of  obtaining  a  retransfer  of  the  property. 

Two  registers  are  kept  in  the  oflke  of  each  Deputy  Registrar— 
namely,  a  Pension-claim  Register  and  an  Old-age  Pension  Register. 

The  Pension  -  claim  Register  contains  a  record  of  each  claiDi 
filed,  ttnd  how  it  is  dealt  with.  This  register  is  open  for  inspectioti 
on  payment  of  the  sum  of  Is. 

The  Old-age  Pensions  Register  contains  a  record  of  each  pension 
granted  in  the  district,  as  also  of  each  pension  transferred  from  any 
other  district.  All  changes  made  from  time  to  time  in  regard  to  any 
pension  are  entered  up  in  this  register. 

Each  Deputy  Registrar  is  required  to  supply  the  following 
monthly  returns : — 

(1.)  A  return  of  new  peuBlonB  granted  hf  the  Magistrate — to  inelude  traiul»r» 

from  other  diHtrict^. 
(2.)  A  rGtum  ol  new  clainia  rojected  or  adjourned  by  the  Miigistrate. 
(3.)  A  rfitum  of  renewal  certificates  granted  bj  the  Magistrate, 
(4.)  A  roturn  of  applicationa  to  iuspect  tbe  Pen  si  on -claim  Register. 


PREFERENTIAL   AND   KECIPROCAL  TRADE. 

The  numbers  at  the  end  of   each  financial  year  since  the  Act] 
came   into   operation,   together  with  the  gross  payments  raade  in 
each  year,  are  as  follow  : — 


£ 

AtSlifeMarob,  1899  ., 

.       7,443 

3,124 

m 

1900  .. 

,     11,386 

157.342 

m 

1901   ., 

.     12,405 

197,292 

tt 

1902   .. 

.     12,776 

207,468 

f 

1903   .. 

.     12,481 

210.140 

^ 

1904   .. 

.     11,926 

303,164 

^ 

1905   ., 

,     11,770 

195,475 

J* 

1906  .. 
Grose  totftl 

.     12,582 

254,367 

\ 

£1,428,373 

PREFERENTIAL  AND  EECIPROGAL  TRADE. 

Preferential  Trade, 

I  Act  passed  in  1903  is  referred  to  on  page  107  of  Part  I,  and  the 

z\iiQ\e%  7iot  of  British  Qrigin,  with  the  addidoiial  preferential  duties 

which  have  beeo  imposed  on  them,  are  specified  in  detail  after  the 

tariff  iQ  force  under  **  The  Customs  Laws  Consolidation  Act,  1882/' 

No  duty  is  payable  on  tea  grown  in  British  Dominioos,  except 

^^when  imported  in  packets  not  over  1  lb.  in  weight. 

^H       On  pages  284-286  the  original  rates  and  additional  duties  are  set 


EecifHocai*  Trade. 


Where  any  country,  being  pari  of  th6  BrUUh  Dominions,  reduces 
or  aboiishes,  or  proposes  to  <io  so,  the  duty  on  any  product  or  manu- 
facture of  New  Zealand,  the  Governor  is  authorised  to  enter  into 
an  agreement  to  reduce  or  abolish  the  duty  on  any  articles  the 
produce  or  manufacture  of  such  country  to  an  extent  that  the 
estimated  revenue  so  remitted  shall  equal  as  nearly  as  possible 
the  remission  by  that  country.  Such  agree  me  ntSi  however,  require 
ratification  by  Parhament. 

Similarly,  where  any  country  riot  being  part  of  tfis  British 
Dofni7itonSt  reduces  or  abolishes,  or  proposes  to  do  so»  the  duty  on 
any  product  or  manufacture  of  New  Zealand,  the  Governor  is 
authorised,  subject  to  or  by  virtue  of  a  treaty  with  His  Majesty, 
to  negotiate  for  an  agreement  to  reduce  or  abolish  the  duty  on  any 
articles  the  produce  or  manufacture  of  such  country  to  an  extent 
that  the  estimated  revenue  so  remitted  in  New  Zealand  shall  equal 
as  nearly  as  possible  what  is  remitted  by  that  country,  subject  to 
Parliamentary  ratification. 


I 

I 


It  IB  generally  admitted  that  there  is  no  part  of  the  British  do-* 
minions  where  agriculture,  ia  its  widest  sense,  can  be  carried  oo 
with  80  irnich  certainty  and  with  such  good  results  as  in  New  Zea- 
land. The  range  of  latitude,  extending  as  it  does  from  34**  to  47® 
south,  secures  for  the  colony  a  diversity  of  climate  which  renders  it 
suitable  for  all  the  products  of  subtropical  and  temperate  zoDea, 
while  an  insular  position  protects  it  from  the  continuous  and  parch* 
ing  droughts  which  periodically  inflict  such  terrible  losses  on  the 
agriculturist  and  pastoral  isfc  of  Australia  and  South  America. 

Again,  the  climate,  although  somewhat  variable,  never  reaches 
the  extremes  of  heat  or  cold.  So  genial,  indeed,  is  it  that  most 
anlmats  and  plants,  when  first  introduced  to  the  colony,  assume  a 
vigour  unknown  to  them  before. 

North  Island, 

All  the  best  forage-plants  and  grasses  thrive  most  admirably, 
continuing  to  grow  throughout  the  year  with  little  intermission* 
Stock  of  every  sort  thrive  and  fatten  rapidly  on  the  pastures,  comiog 
to  maturity  at  an  early  age  without  the  aid  of  roots  or  coodimental 
foodst  All  cereals  t^ourish  equally  welli  more  especially  Indian  corOi 
which  produces  from  iif  ty  to  eighty  bushels  per  acre. 

So  full  is  the  soil  of  plant- food  that  several  continuous  crops  of 
potatoes  or  cereals  may  be  taken  with  Uttle  apparent  exhaustioa. 
Wheat,  oats,  and  barley  thrive  where  the  soil  is  not  too  rich ;  other- 
wise they  produce  enormous  crops  of  straw,  without  a  corresponding 
yield  of  corn.  The  lobacco-plant  thrives  well,  as  do  also  hops  and 
sorghum,  broom -corn,  peanut,  hemp,  ramee  or  rhea  (China  grass), 
together  with  a  large  variety  of  economic  plants,  the  growth  o( 
which  will  one  day  afford  employment  for  a  large  population.  In 
addition  to  these,  all  the  British,  Chinese,  and  Japanese  fruits,  with 
oranges,  lemons,  limes,  olives,  and  vines  (in  the  northern  pan), 
flourish  abundantly,  requiring  but  ordinary  care.  Potatoes  are 
largely  grown,  and  yield  heavy  crops. 

Most  of  the  country  along  the  south  -  west  and  west  coast  is  now 
taken  up,  and  the  primeval  forest  is  fast  disappearing  before 
the  settler*8  axe.  For  the  most  part,  the  soil  is  fertile,  and  the 
growth  of  grass  and  clover  is  extremely  rapid  and  vigorous  whao 
sown  on  the  surface  after  the  felled  timber  has  been  destroyed  bjf 
fire* 


AGKIGUIiTUBB   IH   NBW   ZBAIiAKD. 


591 


To  the  British  husbandman  it  will  seem  almost  incredible  that 
the  best  pasture-grasses  grow  aiid  thrive  as  they  do  with  no  other 
preparation  than  the  ashes  resulting  from  the  burnt  timber — no 
ploughing  and  no  previous  loosening  of  the  soil — yefc>  in  less  than  a 
year  from  the  date  of  scattering  the  seed,  this  same  land  will  fatten 
from  five  to  six  sheep  per  acre. 

So  rapidly  are  these  fertile  forest-lands  being  cleared  and  con- 
yerted  into  pastures  that  the  demand  for  stock  (principally  dairy) 
has  greatly  increased,  and  this  demand  must  continue  for  a  number 
of  years  before  it  is  foi!y  met. 

Those  who  in  the  past  have  watched  the  progress  of  New  Zea- 
land, especially  of  the  North  Island,  have  always  maintained  that 
when  the  Maori  difficulties  and  other  impediments  to  settlement 
were  overcome,  the  prosperity  of  the  country  would  advance  at  a 
very  rapid  rate.  This  prediction  has  now  been  realised,  and  all  that 
is  required  to  make  the  present  prosperity  of  the  country  continuous 
is  the  more  rapid  settlement  of  our  lands  with  a  thrifty  class  of 
settlers. 

There  are  millions  of  acres  yet  unoccupied,  a  great  portion  of 
which  is  of  good  quahty^  and  only  waiting  the  hand  of  man  to  make 
it  carry,  with  very  little  cost,  large  herds  of  dairy  stock,  with  flocks 
of  long- wool  and  crossbred  sheep.  The  west  coast  of  the  North  Island 
is  essentially  a  cattle-country.  Considerable  areas  in  the  midland 
districts  are  adapted  to  long-wool  sheep,  as  is  also  the  country  along 
the  east  coast.  Much  of  the  country  may  be  described  as  being 
good  sheep -land,  a  large  portion  of  which  is  quite  capable  of 
carrying  two  sheep  to  the  acre,  and  sonje  of  it  as  many  as  three 
or  four. 

»  Middle  Island, 

If  the  North  Island  has  a  splendid  inheritance  in  her  forests^ 
the  Middle  Island  can  boast  of  her  magnificent  plain- lands,  rolling 
downs,  and  vast  mountain  ranges,  all  of  which,  to  a  greater  or  less 
degree,  have  already  been  made  to  contribute  to  the  wealth  of  the 
colony. 

The  central  portion  of  the  Middle  Island  presented  to  the  first- 
comers  a  vast  plain,  covered  only  with  waving  tussock-grass,  offer- 
ing little  or  no  obstruction  to  the  plough, 

Travelhng  south,  the  country  assumes  a  different  character  ;  easy 
ttndulating  downs,  well  watered,  here  and  there  interspersed  with 
fertile  plains,  the  greater  portion  admirably  adapted  for  agriculture, 
and  all  of  it  suitable  for  pastoral  purposes* 

The  climate  of  the  Middle  Island  is  not  so  warm  in  summer  nor 
so  mild  in  winter  as  that  experienced  in  the  North  Island,  How- 
ever, as  has  already  been  stated,  there  are  no  extremes  of  heat  or 
cold.  Much  more  might  he  said  in  praise  of  this  portion  of  the 
colony*  It  is  deemed  necessary  to  say  so  nmch  in  order  that  readers 
may  better  comprehend  the  comparative  ease  with  which  every  kind 
of  f&rming  is  carried  on  in  New  Zealand  as  compared  with  other 
eonn tries  less  favourably  situated. 


4 
I 

I 


592 


NEW    ZBALAKD   OFFICIAL    TBAB-BOOE. 


AoRicuLTDRAi.  Statistics, 

The  following  resume  of  the  statistics,  as  published  in  the  GazetU 
for  the  past  season,  is  sufficient  to  indicate  the  trend  of  the  agri* 
cultural  and  pastoral  industries  ;  fuller  particulars  will  be  found  in 
the  statistical  portion  of  this  book.  It  will  be  seen  that  there  has 
been  a  decrease  in  the  acreage  devoted  to  wheat  amounting  to 
35,325  acres,  while  there  has  been  an  increase  of  lb. 380  acres  of 
oats  and  713  acres  of  barley ;  the  area  under  turnips,  mangolds, 
and  rape  exceeds  that  of  the  previous  year  by  22,489  acres.  The 
increase  of  land  laid  down  in  grass  is  shown  to  be  215,422  acres. 

The  stock  statistics  show  that  horses  have  increased  by  12,215 
head,  cattle  by  74,086,  and  pigs  by  5,593. 

The  sheep  returns,  made  up  to  30th  April,  1905,  show  that  ihe 
total  number  of  slieep  in  the  colony  was  19,130,875,  an  Lncrease  of 
850,069  on  the  number  for  the  previous  year. 

The  Farming  Outlook. 

Before  the  advent  of  the  freezing-chamber,  sheep-farming  could 
only  be  carried  on  profitably  on  large  areas  with  hu*ge  flocks,  for 
the  reason  that  wool  and  tallow  were  the  only  marketable  products, 
the  sale  of  fat  sheep  and  lambs  being  confined  to  supplying  the 
demand  for  local  consumption.  The  development  of  the  i 
export  trade  has  completely  altered  the  condition  of  things  ^ 
an  agricultural  point  of  view.  Almost  every  farmer,  small  and  large, 
now  keeps  his  flock  of  breeding-ewes  for  the  production  of  lambs  for 
freezing,  thereby  necessitating  the  growth  of  root  and  forage  crops. 
and  so  bringing  about  a  greatly  improved  style  of  farming  ihrougboat 
the  colony  when  compared  with  the  previous  system  of  uniTefsal 
corn  •  growing. 

The  season  of  1905-6  has  resulted  in  much  disappointment  to 
the  farming  comvounity.  The  cold,  cutting  winds  and  rain  which 
prevailed  during  the  growing  season  caused  much  anxiety  to  farmera. 
The  results,  as  revealed  by  the  threshing-mills,  have  shown  that  these 
fears  were  not  ungrounded,  the  general  average  of  the  cereals  being 
rather  below  that  of  the  last  few  seasons.  Up  to  the  time  of  writing 
these  notes  (July)  feed  has  been  abundant,  which  to  some  extect 
is  accounted  for  by  the  abnormal  prices  obtainable  for  sheep. 
The  increasing  development  of  the  dairy  industry',  accelerAtbd 
by  the  advent  of  what  it  is  thought  will  prove  to  be  an  efiicieut 
milkmg-machine,  wili  cause  the  demand  for  dairy  faruis  to  continue 
as  brisk  as  ever,  the  natural  result  of  which  will  be  that  suitable 
land  for  the  purpose  will  continue  to  increase  in  value.  Dairy 
farms,  especially  in  the  North  Island,  have  advanced  from  26  to 
50  per  cent*  in  value  during  the  last  decade*  It  would,  however^ 
be  unreasonable  to  expect  this  rise  to  continuei  either  for  dairying 
or  for  agricultural  lauds,  in  the  face  of  the  strides  being  niadeio 
these  industries  in  other  parts  of  the  world.  In  connection  wiib 
this  subject^  the  following  information  will  be  interesting  as  well  fta 


¥ 


AQEICULTURB   IH    NBW   ZEALAND.  qWSM 

instructive,  viz :  The  area  of  laud  under  occupation  m  New  Zealand 
at  the  present  time  amounts  to  374^7,460  acres,  of  which  890,101 
acres  were  under  cereals  and  pulse  (including  242,563  acres  for 
ensilage,  chaff,  and  feeding  down),  645,283  acres  under  green  crops, 
in  sown  grasses  12,525,461  acres,  in  native  grass,  tussock,  Ac, 
22,944,831  acres,  in  fallow  54,080  acres,  plantations  and  orchardaJ 
and  gardens  107,154  acres,  and  vineyards  550  acres.  I 

Wheat.  m 

The  Canterbury  Plains,  the  great  wheat-growing  district  of  th&l 
Middle  Island,  extend  150  miles  north  and  south,  running  ioland  ' 
from  the  sea  for  forty  miles,   the   whole   forming  an  area  of  over 
3,000,000  acres.     A  great  portion  of   this  vast  plain  is  admirably 
adapted  for  the  production  of  wheat,  barley,  and  oats,  and  all  the 
best  cultivated  grasses,  the  growiug  of  which  has  been  carried  oaj 
extensively  since  the   foundation  of   the   colony,     The  total   areal 
under  wheat  for  threshing  in  the   colony    for   the   season    1905-6 
was  222,183  acres  (exclusive  of  areas  grown  for  chaffing  and  fed  off), 
of  which  154,918  acres  were  grown  in  Canterbury,  the  average  yield 
throughout  the  colony  being  3060  busliels  per  acre  ;    total    yield, 
6,798,934  bushels.     The  land  is  for  the  most  part  free  from  stones 
or   impediments   of   any   kind.      Singie-furrow    ploughs    are    now 
rarely    seen,    double-    and   three-furrows    being    in     general    use, 
and  an  occasional  steam  plough.     Three  horses,  occasionally  four, 
with   a  man  or  a  boy,  can  turn  over  three  acres  per  day  on  the 
plains,  at  a  cost  of  5s.  or  6s.  per   acre.     A  stroke  of  the    disc  or 
other  harrow,  followed  by    the  seed-drill  and  light  harrows,  com- 
pletes the  operation  of  sowing. 

Seed-sowing  commences  in  May,  and  can  be  continued  as  weather 
permits  througTa  the  winter,  and  in  the  heavy  swamp  land  (drained) 
on  into  September  and  even  October.  From  1|  to  IJ  and  2  bushels 
of  seed  per  acre  are  usually  sown,  the  quantity  increasing  as  the 
season  advances. 

Oats  akb  Babley. 

Otago  and  Southland  districts  excel  in  the  production  of  oats, 
which  is  their  principal  cereal  crop.  The  total  area  under  this 
cereal  harvested  for  the  season  1905-6  was  5&9,256  acres,  of 
which  238»687  acres  were  cut  for  chatf  and  ensilage. 

The  yield  of  oats  in  Otago  and  Southland  vai-ies  from  40  to  80 
bushels  per  acre,  the  cost  of  production  being  about  the  sauie  as 
wheat — viz.,  £2  per  acre  when  grown  from  grass-land,  and  £1  lOs. 
from  stubble. 

Malting  barley,  of  very  superior  quality,  is  grown  in  Nelson  and 
Marlborough,  where  the  soil  and  climate  appear  to  be  particularly 
adapted  to  its  culture.  29,644  acres  were  grown  this  year  for 
threshing. 

The  growing  of  this  cereal  (barley)  for  malting  purposes  re- 
quires  more   attention   than   it   has   yet    received  in    this  colony. 


594 


NBW    EBALAHD   OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOX, 


It  is  claimed  for  this  crop  that  it  will  show  a  better  result  ttian 
wheat,  for  the  followiDg  reasons  :  (1)  It  is  less  exhaustive  to  the  soil ; 
(2)  it  gives  &u  average  yield  of  from  10  per  cent,  to  20  per  cent, 
more  than  wheat ;  (3)  the  growing  crop  in  favourable  seasons  caD  be 
fed  off  twice,  or  even  three  times,  to  the  a<i vantage  of  the  subsequent 
yield  of  grain.  Land  of  a  light  and  calcareous  nature,  but  unsuit- 
able for  wheat,  will  give  a  barley  thin  in  the  skin,  and  pariicularly 
suited  for  malting  purposes.  Barley  is  not  a  difficult  crop  to  raise, 
but  there  are  certain  pomts  that  need  careful  attention,  which,  if 
neglected,  would  probably  result  in  the  production  of  an  inieriokr 
B&mple,  which  would  hardly  pay  for  growing. 

BOOT-CKOPS. 

Potatoea  :  Potatoes  are  largely  grown  throughout  New  Zealand 
On  suitable  soils  very  heavy  crops  are  raised,  it  being  no  UQcommon 
thing  to  dig  from  8  to  10  and  16  tons  per  acre,  although  the  general 
average  is  nmeh  lower,  for  the  reason  that  unsuitable  land  is 
frequently  devoted  to  this  crop.  The  area  under  potatoes  in 
1905-6  was  26,834  acres.  The  bulk  of  the  crop  is  planted 
without  manure,  but,  where  used,  bonedust,  superphosphate,  blood- 
manure,  or  animal  guano  (which  may  be  procured  of  first  quality 
from  the  local  manure  manufactories),  from  1  cwt.  to  2  ewt*  per 
acre,  is  applied  with  good  results.  The  potato  is,  however,  an  ex- 
pensive crop  to  grow,  costing  from  £5  to  £6  per  acre,  and  it  is 
perhaps  the  most  precarious  of  all  crops,  being  materially  affected 
by  drought,  but  more  particnlarly  so  by  early  and  late  frosts.  The 
past  season  was  an  unfavourable  one  (or  this  crop,  owing  to  tbe 
cold,  cutting  winds  experience<i  throyghout  the  country  dunng  the 
early  stages  of  growth,  inducing  an  alarming  outbreak  of  disease  of 
fungoid  growth,  very  similar— said  to  be  identical— to  that  which 
has  from  time  to  time  devastated  the  potato  crops  of  Great  Britain, 
and,  indeed,  all  other  potato-growing  countries.  Its  development 
was  so  rapid  that  the  total  destruction  of  the  crop  was  at  one  time 
tlireateiied.  Happily,  however,  this  has  not  eventuated,  and  a 
moderate  crop  has  been  secured*  With  advanced  prices,  the  short- 
age v;ill  be  very  little  felt  by  growers.  Frequent  dressings  with 
Bordeaux  mixture  prevents  the  germination  of  the  fungus  spoi^9< 
The  formula  for  the  remedy  can  be  obtained  by  applying  to  the 
Government  Biologist.     This  precaution  should  not  be  neglected. 

Land  for  potatoes  is  usually  broken  out  of  grass,  skim -ploughed 
in  autumn,  ploughed  deeply  in  spring,  and  thoroughly  tdled ;  or 
potatoes  may  be  grown  in  drills  opened  and  closed  with  a  double* 
fuiTOw  plough.  The  seed — 15  cwt.  per  acre^s  then  ploughed  in 
under  every  third  furrow,  the  after-culture  consisting  of  harrowing 
just  as  the  crop  is  appearing  over  ground  (by  this  means  myriads 
of  seedling  weeds  are  destroyed) ;  drill-grubbing,  hoeing,  horse-hoeing, 
and  earthing-up  being  the  subsequent  operations.  Heavy  crops  of 
wheat,  oats,  barley,  beans,  or  peas  can  always  be  relied  upon  after 
tatoes* 


ri 


AQRICULTUhB    IN    KBW    ZEALAND.  595 

Turnips .'"^^  The  turnip-crop  of  ihis  season  has  been  a  fair  average 
one  on  the  plains  of  Canterbury.  In  the  southern  portion  of  the 
Island  the  crop  was  fairiy  good.  The  area  under  this  crop  for  the 
season  1905-6  was  469»579  acres,  an  increase  of  22,335  acres  as 
compared  with  the  previous  year. 

Rape  is  largely  grown  as  sheep- feed,  and  may  be  sown  either  in 
early  spring  or  immediately  after  harvest,  the  stubble  being  skim- 
ploughed  or  broken  up  with  the  spring- tined  cultivator.  This  crop 
18  invaluable  in  the  early  spring,  and  may  be  fed  off  in  time  for  oats 
or  barley.  Dairy  cattle,  however,  should  not  be  fed  on  rape,  as 
doing  so  destroys  the  flavour  of  the  milk.  This  fodder  plant  is 
more  valuahle  for  fattening  lambs  than  the  turnip;  there  were 
131,74ii  acres  under  this  crop,  being  an  increase  of  154  acres. 

Kale :  Mr.  Lowrie,  the  director  of  the  Lincoln  Agricultural 
College,  has  demonstrated  the  great  value  of  kale  as  a  supplementary 
forage-crop*  There  are  several  varieties  of  kale  which  have  been 
cultivaced  for  a  lengthened  period  in  Europe.  For  some  reason  its  cuh 
tjxte  has  hitherto  been  much  neglected  in  New  Zealand.  Mr,  Lowrie 
hue,  however,  succeeded  in  bringing  its  value  before  the  farming 
community,  with  the  result  thai  it  may  be  said  to  be  fairly  esta- 
blished. It  is  not  intended  that  it  should  take  the  place  of  rape.  As 
a  forage-crop,  however,  the  kales  comparu  very  favourably  with  the 
varieties  of  rape.  They  will  stand  drought  better  than  rape ;  they 
are  leas  liable  to  blight;  they  are  healthier  for  stock.  Mr;  Lowrie 
remarks  :  '*  I  have  never  known  kale  to  injure  stock,  either  sheep  or 
cattle,  and  I  have  frequently  had  to  take  la^nhs  off  rape,  when  they 
have  begun  to  die  from  irritation  iti  the  intestines,  and  put  them  on 
kale  to  recover."  The  value,  however,  of  th«  food  from  a  fattening 
point  of  view  is  scarcely  so  high  as  rape.  Young  stock  will  fatten 
on  rape  quicker,  but  wethers  and  two-tooth  eheep  and  over  seem  to 
do  as  well  on  kale  as  they  will  do  on  rape,  and  the  percentage 
of  deaths  will  always  be  lower.  A  good  block  of  kale  shouM  always 
be  growni,  for  reasons  above  stated.  It  has  another  advantage — 
viK.,  it  can  with  impunity  be  fed  to  dairy  cows  with  Httle  fear  of 
tainting  the  milk,  as  is  the  case  with  rape. 

The  cultivation  of  kale  consists  in  sowing  the  seed  in  drillsi 
21  in.  apart,  with  1  lb.  of  seed  per  acre.  Sown  in  September,  the 
crop  wdl  be  ready  for  grazing  in  February,  and  can  be  grazed  right 
through  ihe  autumn.  Stock  should  be  taken  out  about  the  end  of 
May  and  the  crop  left  until  the  spring,  when  in  the  month  of 
September  it  will  yield  an  enormous  amount  of  forage  ;  but  care 
must  be  taken  not  to  feed  it  too  closely  at  any  time.  The  plant  is  a 
gross  feeder,  and  mast  be  treated  generously  if  sown  lu  indifferent 
©oiL  From  2  cwt.  to  3  cwt.  per  acre  of  manure  should  be  drilled  in 
with  the  seed.  The  variety  kown  as  '*  Thousand-headed  kale"  is 
the  most  generally  useful. 


*  Valuable  informaUoEi  on  tno  gmwing  cf  this  crop  will  be  found  uoder  tliia 
be^diog  ID  the  Yeajr-book  lor  1901,  page  478. 


596  NBW    KSALAND   OPPICUL    TBAR-EOOK. 

MangoUh  and  Carrots  are  largely  grown  in  some  districtB,  Tliey 
cost  more  niotiey  per  acre  than  turnips  to  produce,  aa  they  must  be 
hand- hoed  ;  nor  are  they  so  suitable  a  crop  for  cleaning  the  laud. 
Turnip- so  wing  does  not  commence  till  November  or  December, 
affording  ample  time  for  the  destruction  of  seedling  weeds ;  this 
important  opportunity  is  largely  lost  in  the  culture  of  the  mangold. 
which  is  usually  sown  in  October.  Mangolds  are,  how^ever,  an  in- 
valuable crop  on  a  stock-farm,  as  they  do  not  reach  their  primest 
condition  until  the  turnip-supply  is  exhausted,  usually  in  August. 
From  30  to  60  tons  per  acre  is  not  an  uncommon  yield  of  these 
roots,  often  without  the  aid  of  manure,  on  rich  swamp  land.  Ei- 
perimenta  and  analyses  show  that  the  orange  and  yellow  Tankaid 
are  more  nutritious  than  any  of  the  long  varieties  ;  7,090  acres  were 
grown  last  season. 

Carrots  are  also  a  valuable  crop,  especially  for  horses  ;  on  sandy 
loams  the  yield  reaches  15  to  20  tons  per  acre.  Carrots  impart  a 
pleasant  flavour  to  butter,  and  should  be  largely  grown  for  dairj 
stock. 

Seeds. 
Ctaver :  Saving  clover  for  seed  in  favourable  seasons  is  a  iucra 
tive  industry,  adding  materially   to  the  farmers'    income.      Clover 
is  sown  with  a  spritig  crop,  usually  of  corn,  hghtly  graced  in  the 
following   autuiim,   and   then  reserved   for  a  crop  of  hay,   which, 
according  to  the  season,  yields  from  2  to  3  tons  per  acre  when  cut 
io  November  or  early  in  December.    Some  farmers  prefer  feeding  off 
with   sheep  in  preference   to   mowing  for  hay.     The  after-growth 
is  then   allowed   to   flower   and   seed,   which   it   does   very  freely. 
Thousands  of  humble-bees  may  be  seen  in  the  clover-fields  during 
the  months  of  January,  February,  and  March.     The  seed  ripeus  io 
March,  and  is  then  cut  and  dried,  and  threshed  out  by  machioee 
known  as  clover-shellers.     An  acre  of  clover  may  yield  in  hay  and 
seed  from  £S  to  ^10.     lb  must,  however,  be  stated  that,  while  & 
good  crop  of   clover- seed   is    most    lucrative,   it  is   nevertheless  s 
most     precarious     one.      Owing    to     lateness    of    the    season    of 
ripening,  it  sometimes  happens  that  the  fertilisation  is  imperfect, 
resulting  in  a  majority  of  barren  hea^is.     This  gave  rise  to  a  con- 
troversy as  to  whether  the  proper  bee  has  been  introduced.    The 
point  was  referred  to  the  late  Miss  Ormerod,  the  English  entomo* 
iogist,  with  specimens,  which  that  lady  identified  as  Bomhus  terrestm 
and  stib terraneous.     The  former  is  declared  by  Mr.  Darwin   to  be 
useless  as  a  fertiliser  for  the  reason  that  its  tongue  is  too  short. 
This  question  has  again  been  revived,  it  being  thought  that  while 
some  c*  the  varieties  introduced  have  proved  very  valuable  as  fer- 
tilisers it  is  quite  possible  tliat  there  are  others  still  more  so.     Al 
the  last  annual  meeting  of  the  Canterbury  Agricultural  and  Pastoni 
Association  a  sub-committee  was  set  up  to  collect  information  on 
the  subject.       As  the  result  of  the  inquiries  made,  Messrs.  Sladen, 
Ripple  Court,  Dover,  England ^  and  A.  H.  Ham,  Oxford,  England— 


AGEIOULTtTRE    IN   NKW   ZEALAND.  597 

yell-known  scientists — were  asked  to  co-operate  in  coUectiiig  the 
most  suitable  species.  A  sniail  consii^nment  (the  season  being  too 
far  advanced)  was  shipped  by  the  s,s-  *'  Paparoa/'  which  arrived  in 
Lyttelton  on  the  24th  February,  1906.  Oat  of  fifteen  sent  ten 
arrived  alive^vix.»  four  Bombiu  lapidarias  (the  red-tailed  bee),  and 
six  Bomhus  horloritm.  These  were  released  in  clover-paddocks  ali 
and  near  the  Lincoln  Agricultural  College  on  Saturday,  24th  Feb- 
ruary :  and,  as  the  insects  were  strong  and  active,  it  is  hoped  that 
they  will  have  established  themselves.  Arrangeraents  are  being  made 
for  extensive  shipments  this  season.  The  Dominion  Entomologist  of 
Canada  has  promised  to  send  a  shipment  of  bees  as  soon  as  practic- 
able, and  it  is  probable  that  some  may  be  procured  from  Cahfornia, 

White  and  alsike  clover  are  now  grown  in  considerable  quan- 
tities. White  clover  yields  enormously :  as  much  as  300  lb.  of 
alsike  seed  has  been  obtained  per  acre.  These  clovers  are  not  so 
dependent  on  the  action  of  the  humble-bee  for  their  fertilisation. 
They  mature  earlier,  and  are  tnore  easily  threshed  and  cleaned  than 
cow -grass  or  red -clover. 

Grass-seed  Saving  :  All  the  most  valuable  British  grasses  flourish 
tliroughout  New  Zealand.  Cocksfoot  has  been  for  many  years  a 
staple  product  of  Banks  Peninsula  (Akaroa  County),  where  the  soil 
I  for  the  most  part  consists  of  decomposed  volcanic  rocks  and 
ivegetable  mould.  Large  quantities  of  this  seed  are  now  raised  in 
the  North  Island  and  in  many  other  parts  of  the  colony  as  well. 
The  seed  is  of  the  finest  description,  frequently  weighing  20  lb.  to 
the  bushel,  1^  lb.  being  a  standard  busheh  Cocksfoot  thrives  on  a 
very  wide  range  of  soil,  from  the  richest  to  the  poorest,  preferring, 
of  course,  the  former.  It  may  be  found  on  the  dry  stony  plains  of 
the  interior,  green  and  healthy,  when  the  surrounding  herbage^ 
introduced  or  indigenous,  has  given  way  to  the  heat  of  the  summer 

8UB. 

Growing  ryegrass  for  seed  is  also  an  important  industry.  The 
seed  is  usually  gathered  by  stripping ;  sometimes  the  grass  is  cut 
and  tied  and  afterwards  threshed  by  machinery.  The  average  yield 
tfi  from  15  to  20  bushels  per  acre,  weighing  from  25  lb,  to  32  lb.  per 
bushel,  201b.  being  the  standard  weight.  A  common  practice  is  to 
graze  the  land  till  midsummer;  to  take  the  stock  ofif  for  a  few 
weeks,  and  then  to  run  the  stripper  over  the  ground.  By  this 
primitive  method  10  bushels  per  acre  are  sometimes  secured,  being 
of  the  finest  quality.  Ryegrass-seed  is  usually  in  good  demand  ;  the 
price  varies  according  to  the  season  ;  the  usual  price,  however,  is 
from  'Js.  6d.  to  3s.  6d.  and  4s,  per  bushel.  Crested  dogstail,  sheep*s 
fescue,  and  meadow  fescue  are  also  successfully  grown,  particularly 
in  the  North  Island,  for  seed. 

Many  of  the  indigenous  grasses  of  New  Zealand  are  possessed  of 
considerable  feeding-value,  but,  unfortunately,  few  of  them  will 
stand  too  close  feeding.  The  action  of  fire  is  especially  injurious 
to  most  of  them.  Of  recent  years  much  has  been  said  in  favour 
of   Daitthonia  semiannularis  (one  of   the   native   oat-grasses)  as   a 


J 


59B 


NEW    KB  ALAND   OFFICIAL    TEAH-BOOK, 


grass  particularly  adapted  to  some  of  the  poorer  boUs  in  the  Ncnlb 
Island,  where  it  is  said  to  thrive  admirably:  it  is  also  said  to  be 
able  to  resist  the  action  of  occasional  grass-fires.  There  are  many 
varieties  of  Danthonias^  from  the  giant,  coarse -growing  snow-graes 
or  oat-grass,  to  the  fine  leaved  varieties  found  in  almost  all  the 
natural  pastures  in  the  colony.  Th  iv  are  for  ihe  most  part  valu- 
able for  sheep  pastures.  Mr.  Kirk,  the  Government  Biologist,  has 
under  observation  at  some  of  the  Government  stations  large  collec- 
tions of  grasses  i native  and  foreign),  and  it  is  expected  that  some 
results  will  be  obtained  which  may  prove  of  considerable  value  to 
the  pastoral  mterests  of  the  colony . 

Small  Seeds  :  New  Zealand,  from  the  nature  of  her  soil  and 
climate,  offers  a  6ne  field  for  growing  all  kinds  of  farm  and  garden 
seeds.  Ttiis  circumstance  has  already  attracted  the  attention  of 
some  of  the  larger  seed-merchants  of  Great  Britain,  whose  agents 
occasionally  visit  the  colony  with  a  view  to  inducing  farmers  and 
others  to  grow  certain  kinds  of  seeds.  The  industry  is  peculiarly 
adapted  to  small  holdings,  and  well  suited  to  young  persons,  the 
work  being  light  and  of  an  interesting  character.  Ready  sale  can  be 
found  for  carefully  grown  and  carefully  cleaned  garden-seeds  if 
grown  in  quantity, 

Othek  Crops.  ^^ 

Pulse  :  Peas  and  beans  are  largely  grown  for  pig  and  horse  feeim 
and  for  export ;  they  form  an  excellent  preparation  for  wheat.  Aq 
extensive  trade  in  peas  of  a  certain  description  is  done  in  the  manti- 
facturiug  towns  of  Great  Britain  ;  and  efforts  are  now  being  made  to 
secure  a  share  of  this  trade  for  the  colony  by  producing  peas  suitable 
for  splitting  for  human  food*  The  business  should  prove  a  most  re- 
munerative one.  Thirty  bushels  of  peas  per  acre  are  considered  & 
fair  crop,  while  60  to  70  bushels  of  beans  are  often  secured.  As 
showing  the  extraordinary  fertility  of  some  of  the  lands  in  the 
colony,  it  may  be  mentioned  that  beans  and  wheat  have  beeo 
grown  alternately  on  Kaiapoi  Island  (Canterbury)  for  thirty  years 
without  any  apparent  diminution  of  yield,  the  crops  of  recent 
years  being  as  abundant  as  those  grown  twenty-five  years  a^o— 
40  to  60  bushels  of  wheat  and  60  to  70  bushels  of  beans  baing 
the  usual  return  per  acre. 

Cape  Barley  ami  Wifitcr  Oats  :  The  demand  for  early  spring 
feed  has  resulted  in  the  growing  of  these  plants  for  forage.  Their 
extreme  hardiness  renders  them  well  adapted  for  autumn  sowing* 
If  sown  in  March  they  are  ready  for  feeding- off  in  May ;  they  may 
be  fed  off  again  in  July,  and  ou  till  the  beginning  of  October,  when, 
if  allowed  to  run  to  seed,  they  will  produce  40  to  60  bushels  per 
acre,  or  the}^  may  be  ploughed  in  as  green  manure  for  turnips. 

Tares  are  also  grown,  but  not  so  largely  as  they  deserve  to  be, 
especially  for  dairy  stock.  Mixed  with  oats,  barley,  or  rye,  they  ars 
excellent  milk- producers;  and  when  grown  luxuriantly  they  destroy 
all  kinds  of  weeds,  and  leave  the  land  in  fine  condiiion  lor  a  spring 
cori3 -crop. 


AOBIOUXiTUBB   IN    NEW   ZEAIiAND*  599 

Lucerne  :  This  permanent  focItler-plaDt  thrives  admirably  in  moat 
parts  of  New  Zealand,  provided  tlie  land  is  not  waterlogged, 
yielding  three  to  five  cuttings  in  the  year;  and»  if  properly 
cultivated  and  well  attended  to,  particularly  in  its  early  stage 
of  growth,  it  will  continue  to  yield  liberal  cuttings  for  seven 
or  eight  years»  or  even  longer.  This  is  a  most  excelleni;  crop 
for  the  Bniall  or  large  farmer,  furnishing,  as  it  does,  an  abund- 
atifc  supply  of  succulent  fodder,  in  deeply -cultivated  soils,  during 
the  dner  months  of  midsummer,  as  well  as  in  the  early  spring. 
All  farm  animals  are  partial  to  locerne ;  pigs  thrive  upon 
it*  No  farm  should  he  without  a  well-cultivated  plot  of  this 
plant.  In  deeply  cultivated  land  lucerne  will  yield  four  or  five  cut- 
tings during  the  season,  no  matter  how  hot  and  dry  the  weather 
may  be.  It  is  this  drought-resisting  quality  which  renders  lucerne 
Buch  a  valuable  fwider  plant  in  Queensland  and  New  South  Wales» 
where  it  is  extensively  fJTown  for  pasture  purposes,  and  for  hay, 
which  is  largely  exported  for  use  in  other  parts  of  the  Common- 
weaith. 

Cost  of  Wobkino  a  Farm  in  New  Zbaland. 

When  comparing  the  cost  of  working  a  farm  in  England  with 
one  of  the  same  size  in  the  colony,  several  points  have  to  he  taken 
into  account,  such  as  the  climate,  the  soil,  labour,  and  machinery. 
In  Australasia  wages  are  higher  than  in  Britain  ;  as  a  set-off  against 
this,  New  Zealand  can  claim,  firstly,  that  there  are  more  fins 
working-days  in  the  year,  the  fields  are  much  larger,  the  latest 
improvements  in  labour-saving  machinery  have  been  introduced,  the 
Boil  is  more  easily  worked,  and  that  the  genial  nature  of  the  climate 
renders  it  unnecessary  to  house  stock  during  the  winter  months,  at 
least  in  the  North  Island,  thus  saving  the  cost  of  attendance; 
secondly,  that  farming  operations  may  be  carried  on  continuously 
throughout  the  w^hole  year;  and,  thirdly,  that  the  paddocks  are  so 
large,  and  usually  so  level,  that  the  double-  and  treble-furrow  plough 
may  be  %vorked  by  one  man  or  youth  with  three  horses,  thus 
equalising  the  cost  of  labour,  as  we  have  shown  that  one  man,  or 
even  a  boy,  will  be  quite  equal  to  two  men  or  boys  in  the  Old 
Country;  so  that,  after  all,  the  difference  in  the  cost  of  working  a 
farm  in  the  colony  is  not  so  great  as  might  appear  at  first  sight* 

Colonial  farmers,  particularly  those  farjuing  large  areas,  are 
already  turning  iheir  attention  to  the  coming  motive  power  which 
is  destined  to  take  the  place  of  horse-power  for  ploughing,  threshing, 
and  indeed  every  kind  of  work  which  is  now  performed  by  horses. 
Trials  of  agricultural  motors  have  been  held  in  Scotland.  Plough- 
ing, harrowing,  reaping  and  binding,  and  manure -spreaders  are 
worked  with  great  ease  and  precision.  The  total  cost  of  working 
one  of  these  motors  is  estimated  at  18g.  per  day.  The  machine 
complete  weighs  about  30cwt.,  and  the  speed  is  from  two  and  a 
half  to  six  miks  an  hour.  Numbers  of  these  motors  have  already 
found  their  way  to  Australia  and  New  Zealand.     It  is  probable  that 


600 


mW    ZBALANS    OrPIClAL   TBAR-BOOK. 


II 
I 


I 


this  power  will  ultimately  take  the  place  of  horses  for  ploughing 
aod  other  farm  work  on  the  level  plain  lar.dfi,  doing  it  at  a  greatly 
reduced  cost  per  acre.  A  fully  equipped  three-horse  team  costs 
Dearly  £200,  besides  the  upkeep  in  the  way  of  feed  and  the  risk  of 
accidents  and  death. 

The  liay-crop  is  simply  cut  one  day,  raked  into  windrows 
next,  and  in  a  couple  more  it  is  ready  for  stacking. 

Wheat  ia  cut  and  tied  by  machinery,  the  stooks  requiring  oo 
capping.  It  is  frequently  threshed  out  of  the  stook  in  favourable 
seasons,  thereby  saving  the  cost  of  stacking  and  thatching  ;  but  this 
niethod,  although  very  general »  is  not  recommended  except  in  hoi  or 
dry  seasons.  The  Bta,cks  are  rarely  thatched,  except,  perhaps,  on 
the  weather  side  This  is  a  wise  precaution,  the  neglect  of  which 
sometimes  entails  serious  loss. 

The  manure  bill,  which  ia  such  a  heavy  item  of  annual  expendi- 
ture with  the  British  fanner,  presses  as  yet  very  lightly  on  the 
farmers  of  the  colony.  It  is,  however,  a  notable  fact  that  the  use 
of  fertilisers  is  becoming  more  general ;  1  cwt.  to  1^  cwt.  of  super- 
phosphates per  acre  is  used  with  thfj  turnip  and  other  root-crops, 
for  the  pui^poae  of  forcing  the  young  plant  into  the  rough  leaf,  when 
it  will  be  out  of  one  danger— the  turnip- fly.  It  will  therefore  be 
seen  that  the  colonial  farmer  has  many  advantages  over  the  fanner 
of  the  Old  Country. 

It  tnay  also  he  pointed  out  that  the  application  of  one  or  two 
hundredweight  per  acre  of  superphosphate  of  lime  produces  better 
results  in  colonial  soils  than  double  the  quantity  would  do  in 
England,  showing  clearly  that  the  natural  richness  of  colonial  soils 
is  not  yet  exhausted* 

Live-stock. 

Cattle  :  The  total  number  of  cattle  in  the  colony  for  1905-^ 
was  1,810.936,  an  increase  of  74,086  over  the  previous  year. 

Horses  :  The  number  of  horses  io  the  colony  for  1905-6  was 
326,537,  an  increase  of  12,215  over  the  previous  year. 

Sfuep  :  The  returns  made  up  to  the  30th  April,  1905,  show 
19,130,875,  an  increase  of  B-t'0,069  over  the  year  ending  SOth 
April,  1903-4-  This  is  most  encouraging.  The  increasing  demand 
for  breeding  ewes  has  bad  the  natural  result  of  raising  the  price  of 
this  class  of  sheep,  large  numbers  of  which  are  now  reserved  lor 
replenishing  the  breeding  flocks  of  the  colony.  The  export  of  frozen 
lambs  for  the  yeai^  1905  amounted  to  2,002,156,  and  the  export  of 
frozen  sheep  for  the  same  period  was  1,573,523  —  a  total  of 
3,575,679;  besides  which  there  were  29,588  cwt.  of  frozen  mutton 
joints  exported. 

The  returns  made  up  to  the  30th  April,  1905,  show  the  distribu* 
tion  of  the  Hocks  of  the  colony  to  be  as  follows  :  In  the  North 
Island,  9,388,605;  and  in  the  South  Island,  9.742,270:  total. 
19,130,875. 


AGKIGUIiTOKE    IN    NEW    ZKAIiAND,  6Q1 


Sheep« 


New  Zealand  has  proved  itself  admirably  adapted  for  the 
breeding  of  all  classes  of  sheep,  from  the  fine-combing  merino  to 
the  strongest  type  of  Lincoln.  The  merino  occupies  an^i  thrives 
on  the  wiH  lands  of  the  colony,  from  the  snow-line  to  the  border 
of  the  plain s»  as  well  as  on  the  drier  portions  of  the  plains.  The 
merino  ewe  furnishes  the  foundation  for  all  the  crossbred  varieties. 
On  the  rich  moist  soils  the  Lincoln  and  Romney  Marsh  sheep  flourish, 
while  the  finer  Erighsh  and  Border  Leicesters  and  Downs  sheep 
occupy  the  drier  lands. 

Sheep  bred  from  merino  ewes  and  long  wool  rams,  or  from  cross- 
bred ewes  with  Down  rams,  are  the  most  suitable  for  the  frozen- 
meat  trade,  and  are  known  as  "  freezers/' 

The  dapper  little  Southdown  flourishes  wherever  crossbreds  thrive. 
Their  more  ponderous  cousins,  the  Shropshire  and  Hampshhre 
Downs,  have  their  admirers,  especially  the  Shropshire,  which  are 
largely  used  for  crossing  with  a  vitjw  to  producing  early-maturing 
lambs.  English  Leicesters  and  Border  Leicesters  are  also  much 
flOTight  after  for  this  purpose,  particularly  in  the  Middle  Island, 
where  "prime  Canterbury"  mutton  is  produced.  The  breeds  of 
sheep  now  in  New  Zealand  are  Lincolns,  English  Leicesters,  Border 
Leicesters,  Romney  Marsh,  Shropabires,  Southdown,  Hampshire 
Downs,  Merinos,  Cheviots,  Eyelands,  Dorset  Horns,  Oxford  Dowqs, 
and  Bosconinions. 

Shearing  commences  in  September,  and  is  continued  tillJanuary. 
The  usual  price  per  hundred  is  from  17s.  6d.  to  20s.  Shearing- 
machines  are  not  so  largely  used  as  was  expected  when  first  intro- 
duced, except  in  the  large  sheds. 

The  average  clips  for  the  various  breeds  of  sheep  are  approxi- 
mately :  Merino,  from  41b.  to  7  lb. :  quarter-breds.  about  6|lb. ; 
half-breds,  7  J  lb.  ;  three-quarter-breds,  8|  lb.  ;  Leicester,  10^  lb,; 
Lincoln,  111b.  Of  course,  very  much  larger  clips  are  obtained 
frd^ii  special  flocks,  as  much  as  25  lb.  to  30  lb.  per  sheep ;  but  the 
above  figures  represent  general  averages.  The  export  of  wool  for 
1905  was  valued  at  £5,3tSl,333. 

The  staple  of  New  Zealand  wooh  especially  the  long- wool  and 
cross-bred,  is  remarkable  for  its  freedom  from  breaks  and  other 
imperfections  incidental  to  countries  subject  to  long  droughts  and 
periodical  scarcity  of  feed. 

The  most  profitable  sheep  for  New  Zealand  is  that  which  combines 
the  best  fleece  and  the  most  suitable  carcase  for  freezing  purposes, 
together  with  early  matm*ity.  This  is  the  class  of  sheep  wliich  some 
sheep- breeders  have  set  themselves  to  produce.  Whether  such  an 
animal,  having  fixity  of  type,  can  be  evolved,  rejnaius  to  be  proved; 
much  depends  on  the  feed,  situation,  and  soil. 

The  capability  of  New  Zealand  for  producing  mutton  has  not  yet 
reached  its  limit*  When  the  frozen -meat  trade  was  first  seriously 
considered,  an  assertion  to  the  effect  that  the  colony  could  soon  find 


4 


602 


HBW    2BALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK, 


1,000.000  sheep  per  annum  for  freezing  without  impairiDg  the 
breeding-flocks  was  treated  as  highly  chimerical  by  sheep- breeders 
of  long  experience.  The  output  of  sheep  and  Iambs  for  the  year 
eoding  30th  June,  1905,  was  3*673,903  carcases.  There  are  now 
twenty -two  freezing- works  in  operation  in  New  Zealand.  But, 
while  congratulating  the  colony  on  the  development  of  the  frozen* 
meat  trade,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  Argentina  and  Australia 
also  sliare  the  trade  of  Great  Britain  with  New  Zealand.  It  must 
be  admitted  that,  with  cheaper  land  and  a  closer  proximity  to  the 
markets  of  the  world,  Argentina  must  necessarily  be  a  very  for- 
midable rival  to  Australasia.  The  only  way  to  keep  command  of 
the  market  is  to  ship  nothing  but  first -quality  graded  mutton  and 
lamb. 

'*  The  New  Zealand  Flock-book/*  first  published  in  1895,  is  now 
thoroughly  established,  and  is  of  great  value  to  the  owners  of  pure 
pedigree  flocks.  There  are  nosv  about  six  hundred  registered  flocks 
throughout  the  colony.  The  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  VictoriA 
also  publishes  a  Flock- book  for  British  breeds  of  sheep.  This  is  a 
step  in  the  right  direction,  as  flock- masters  in  South  America  de- 
mand a  certificate  to  the  effect  that  the  cattle  and  sheep  purchased 
by  them  are  duly  registered  in  an  authorised  Herd-  or  Flock-book. 
The  value  of  these  books  is  now  so  fully  recognised  that  all  the 
distinctive  breeds  of  sheep  in  Britain  and  elsewhere  have  their 
recognised  registers.  Carefully  kept  registers  of  breeding  must  ulti* 
mately  tend  to  improvement  in  the  quality  of  the  flocks  of  the 
colony. 

HORBE-BREKDIKO, 

The  climate  of  New  Zealand  is  admirably  adapted  for  the  breed- 
ing and  rearing  of  horses  of  all  kinds,  especially  draught  horact. 
Indeed  it  would  be  difficult  to  find  better  Clydesdale  horses  than 
those  bred  on  the  limestone  soils  of  Oamaru  and  elsewhere.  Some 
of  the  best  blue-blood  of  this  breed  has  from  time  to  time  been  im* 
ported  from  Scotland,  with  the  result  that  the  breed  is  now  well 
eetablislied  in  the  colony. 

The  light-horse  stock  of  the  colony  has  risen  into  note  through 
the  production  of  animals  which  have  rendered  themselves  famous 
on  the  colonial  turf.  The  demand  for  horses  suitable  for  remounts 
for  the  cavalry  service  In  Imlia  is  a  continuous  one,  afifording  a  ready 
market  for  the  proper  stamp  of  animal;  shipments  are  periodically 
made  to  that  country  with  varying  results. 

With  a  view  to  bringing  the  use  of  pure-bred  sires  within  the 
reach  of  small  selectors  in  the  outlying  blocks  the  Government  have 
imported  a  few  first-class  horses  of  the  most  approved  types,  which 
cannot  fail  to  have  a  beneficial  effect  on  the  stock  of  the  country. 
The  Canterbury  Agricultural  and  Pastoral  Association  publish  A 
Draught- horse  Stud-book,  which  is  largely  used  by  breeders  of  tha* 
class  of  horse. 


AGHtCULTDHE    IN    NEW    ZEALAND,  603 

Cattce. 

The  colony  possesses  all  the  best  straioa  of  blood,  and  this  is 
evidenced  by  the  superior  class  of  cattle  to  be  met  with  throughout 
the  settled  districts,  especially  in  the  show-yards.  Theie  are  now 
four  herd-books  pubUshed  in  the  colony— viz.,  the  *' Shorthorn," 
**  Other  Breeds,"  published  by  the  Canterbury  Agricultural  and 
Pastoral  Association,  the  *' Hereford  Herd-book,"  published  by  the 
Hereford  breeders,  and  the  ''Jersey  Herd -book,"  published  io 
Palmerston  North.  The  value  of  properly  kept  herd -books  is 
now  fully  recognised.  Purchasers  of  animals  for  exporii  or  other- 
wise now  demand  that  they  shall  be  duly  registered  in  some 
authorised  herd-book  as  a  guarantee  of  pure  breed.  New  Zealand 
ia  comparatively  free  from  Jriany  of  the  diseases  so  disastrous  to 
homed  stock  in  other  coan tries.  With  a  view  to  maintaiixing  this 
euviable  position,  the  Government  have  prohibited  vessels  carry- 
I  ing  live-stock  from  infected  colonies  touching  at  any  of  the  ports 
I  of  New  Zealand  except  under  certain  conditions.  Tiiis  action  is 
I  deemed  necessary,  owing  to  the  prevalence  of  pleuro-poeumonia 
I    ID  Australia. 

^H  Daiby  Stock. 

H^  The  breeding  of  lirst-class  dairy  stock  offers  a  field  for  proti table 
^^^invesfcment  owing  to  the  increasing  development  of  the  dairy  in- 
dasiry.  There  are  now  617,720  cows  kept  exclusively  for  dairy 
porposes,  an  increase  of  19,479.  The  rearing  of  well-bred  heifer 
calves  is  sadly  neglected  by  many  dairy  farmers,  for  the  reason  thai 
I  the  consumption  of  the  separated  milk  by  pigs  gives  a  better  and 
much  quicker  return.  Nevertheless  every  dairy  farmer  should  rear 
a  few  of  the  best  heifer  calves  from  the  best  milkers  got  by  a  good 
strain  of  sire.  Separated  milk,  although  relieved  of  its  butter-fat, 
loses  Uttle  of  its  feeding  value  ;  the  addition  of  a  little  linseed  meal 
will  restore  the  fatty  constituents,  which,  however,  are  not  the  most 
valuable  for  feeding  purposes.  Ground  oats,  wheat,  or  barley  added 
to  the  linseed  mucilage  will  tend  gieatly  to  the  rapid  growth  of  the 
calves.  An  acre  or  so  of  European  tiax  should  be  grown  upon  every 
farm  where  stock-rearing  is  carried  on.  Much  has  still  to  be  done 
in  the  way  of  improving  the  dairy  stock  of  the  colony.  The  yield 
of  milk  from  fairly  good  milking-cattle  is  approximately  500  gal.  per 
annum,  although  from  700  gal.  to  900  gal.  per  head  are  frequently 
obtained  from  selected  herds.  The  average  quantity  of  milk  obtained 
will  no  doubt  be  increased  as  more  attention  is  paid  to  breeding  and 
proper  feeding.  The  general  management  and  feeding  of  dairy  stock 
is  a  question  demanding  every  attention.  Kind  treatment  is  essen* 
tial  to  success ;  clean  pastures,  clear  running  w^ater,  and  grasses  of 
the  best  quality  are  all  factors  fully  recognised  wherever  dairying  is 
successfully  carried  out;  and,  last  but  not  least,  warmth  and  shelter 
during  the  cold  wet  months  of  winter. 

The  average  yield  of  butter  from  milk  passed  through  the  separa- 
tor 18  1  lb.  for  every  2^  gal.  of  milk  of  10  J  lb, ;  so  that  the  average 


601 


NBW    ZKALA14D   OFFICIAL    TBAB-BCH3K, 


COW  produces  annually  2001b.  of  butter,  or  5001b.  of  cheese,  which, 
estimated  at  4Jd.  per  pound,  will  be  worth  about  as  much  as  the 
butter. 

FbEDINQ   fob   MUiK, 

The  following  excellent  paper  on  **  Feeding  for  Milk  "  is 

the  pen  of  Mr.  W.  Lowrie,  Director  Lincoln  Agricultural  Colli 

and  it  should  be  carefully  perused  and  acted  upon  by  those  desiroiifl 
of  procuring  a  fair  return  from  their  cows  : — 

Tbe  feature  of  the  dairy  in du<i try  oE  this  colony  which  seems  luoat  in  D«ed 
of  improvemeDt  it^,  generally  speakings  tbe  maQagement  of  the  dairy  farro.  It 
isgducrally  agreed  that  the  work  of  the  faotones,  the  organizAtion  for  gradiag, 
and  the  facilitieB  for  marketiDg  tbe  produce  have  been  much  improved  from  y«ar 
to  year«  yet,  although  the  climate  and  soil  of  New  Zealand  are  exceptionally 
favourable  for  tbe  ibduatry,  progress  id  tbe  amount  of  output  if  not  what  might 
have  been  antidpated.  It  is  a L  the  source  of  the  industry — the  manage ODeDl  of 
tbe  cow — that  weaknes«i  occurs,  and  the  question  or  questions  how  best  to  remedj 
thiii  defect  really  dwarfs,  for  the  time  being,  all  other  oonsi derations  relative  to 
tbe  improveuient  of  tbe  industry.  I  do  not  think  that  it  can  be  claimed  thfti 
the  management  of  dairy  stock  has  reached  nearly  the  high  leTel  of  efficiency 
shown  in  the  managemetit  of  sheep  In  tbe  colony.  Consequently  the  economio 
position  of  tiie  dairy  herd,  compared  with  sheep^  i§  at  a  disadvantage  proper* 
tiooal  to  the  failings  in  it«i  miinageiiient,  and  that  encouragement  for  the  extea^ 
sion  aod  do?elopmont  of  dairying,  so  pregnant  of  importance  to  the  colony,  ifl 
not  what  might  have  been.  There  are  men  in  every  diatriot  who  manage  their 
cows  pre-tmineDtly  well,  but  as  tbe  many  are  so  far  behind  tbe  few  the  fruttioo 
ol  the  industry  ia  retftrded.  Tbe  extent  of  the  loss  possible  to  be  avoided  hu 
been  variouBly  ptit  by  those  who  have  been  earnestly  urging  improved  methodf. 
Mf.  Scott  says  30  per  cent. ;  Mr,  Cuddle  put  it  at  over  £1,000,000  sterliogi  I 
have  no  knowledge  on  wbioh  to  make  an  estimate,  but  I  may  say,  with  lueb 
difiidence  ivs  my  very  limited  knowledge  of  tbe  colony  requires,  that  I  cannot 
thtnk  an  eBtimmte  based  on  500  gallons,  or  tboreahout,  average  per  oow,  in  any 
way  extravagant.  We  are  fond  of  comparing  colonial  methods  wiih  the  methods 
of  the  British  farmer,  and  generally  flaiter  tbe  colonial  in  tbe  oomparisoo,  lia( 
there  are  occasions  when  the  advantage  is  the  other  way.  1  notioed  io  Hr. 
Spier's  report  of  one  of  the  milk  record  sooieties  of  the  We«t  of  Scotland— vi»,, 
Fen  wick— constituted  of  eighteen  farmers*  milking  443  oowa — that  tbe  average 
per  cow  was  875  gallons  at  3  per  cent.  fat.  If  that  average  can  be  had  frofo 
Ayrshires  in  tbe  west  of  Scotland,  surely  there  is  gnod  reason  to  reckon  500 
gallons  to  550  gallons  practicable  with  good  grade  cattle  In  New  Zealand,  when 
the  period  of  the  year  when  good  grazing  conditions  obtain  is  so  much  longcf. 
But  we  need  not  go  to  Scotland  for  an  example  of  the  value  of  good  manigis- 
ment,  as  there  are  in  New  Zealand,  before  our  eyes,  individual  farmers  whoss 
oowB  average  BOO  gallons  or  over  per  annum. 

01  the  factors  determining  success,  I  will  mention  two  which  seem  deaervtog 
of  much  more  attenUon— viz.  (Ij  the  selection,  breeding,  and  rearing  of  dairy 
Btook  ;  (2)  the  feiding  of  tbe  inilking-herd. 

It  is  well  for  tbe  farnier  to  keep  before  his  mind's  eve  how  groat  ia  the  draia 
on  tbe  cow  in  fall  milk,  and  bow  essential  a  generous  dietary  becomes  to  enabli 
her  to  maintain  her  fuU  capacity.  Let  me  instance  the  case  of  a  oow  yietdio^ 
600  gallons  per  annum.  In  her  milk  there  would  be  approximately  2301b.  of  fat, 
2001b.  of  albumenoids,  SuOIb,  ol  milk-sugar,  421b,  ol  ash  or  mineral  matter- 
total,  7721b.  of  solids. 

This  amount  of  dry  matter  is  nearly  twice  the  total  weight  of  dry  matter  io 
the  body  of  a  cow  900  lb  to  1,0001b.  live  weight.  Such  a  drain  ou  the  body, 
and  suoh  demand  ou  the  vital  activities,  that  the  mammary  gland  f^hall  secrtte 
a  wekght  of  aoiids  practically  double  the  dry  matter  of  the  cow  s  body  eaeb  year* 
should  surely  convince  us  that  liberal  feeding  alone  can  enable  her  to  do  it. 


AOKiOULTURE    IN    NEW    ZHAIiAND. 


605 


Some  men  proceed  as  if  tbey  thougbt  th^  seorotioQ  of  milk  wft9  a  creAtive 
act,  or  Inat  the  cow's  udder  oomparefl  somewhat  with  the  widow'ii  oruAe  of  oil- 
that  it  can  be  drawn  on  witbout  ftiedtng  proportionately,  and  yet  not  fail.  But 
the  cow;^  of  oourjse,  regtiires  food  for  other  purpoaes  than  the  mere  supply  of 
blood  from  which  may  be  produced  by  the  metabolic  activity  of  the  cells  of  the 
udder  the  Bolid  m;itterfi  of  the  milk«  The  body-weight  has  to  be  maintainad  or 
mcreased,  tlte  fceiua  nou'ishedt  the  temperature  of  the  body  maintained  (often 
a  coDstder&ble  demand  where  shtrher  is  deficient  or  rug^  not  provided),  energy 
has  to  be  supplii  d  for  the  mu^cloa  and  nerves,  and  to  do  among  other  things  tbe 
mere  work  which  I  he  secreticu  or  elahoratmn  of  material  in  tkie  eells  of  the 
udder  means.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  of  th<j  available  energy  supplied  in  the  food, 
it  has  been  e^^tl mated  by  ^Ir.  Jordan,  of  New  York  Experimental  Station^  that 
les^s  than  one-ihird  is  accounted  lor  in  the  energy  of  tbe  BoHd  matters  of  (he 
milk.  The  udder— let  me  put  it  otherwise — does  not  act  as  a  mere  ttieve  ;  the  fat, 
sugar,  and  proloids  of  the  tnikk  are  chemically  distinct  from  the  fats,  sugar,  and 
albumenoids  of  the  food,  and  where  work  such  as  thia  is  dooe,  energy  must  be 
supplied.     As  well  may  we  expect  a  a  team  engine  to  work  without  lueL 

Let  me  further  illustrate  this  matter  by  comparing  the  result  of  the  cow 
yielding  600g«llQns  per  year  with  the  increase  of  a  fatteuing  bullock  of  1,2(30  lb. 
live  weight.  We  may  take  it  that  the  bullock  under  heavy  feeding  will  increase 
12(lb,  per  week  live  weight*  Tbe  percentage  composition  of  the  increase,  ac- 
cording to  Lawes  and  Gilbert's  caloulationa  of  fattening  oxen^  wan  21 -G  water^ 
nitrogenous  matter  7  7,  fat  66'2^  ash  15.  If  the  bullock  took  twenty-two  weeks 
to  fatten,  two  of  them  could  be  fatteued  in  the  forty- four- weeks  laotation  period 
of  the  cow.  The  increased  live  weight  of  the  two  hullooka  would  he  550  lb.,  and 
this  would  be  made  up  approximately— 1S5  lb.  water,  421b.  alhnmflnoids,  3641b. 
faty  and  8  lb.  mineral  matter.  The  total  increase  of  dry  matter,  therefore,  is,  for 
the  two  bullocks,  4141b.  But  the  cow  produces  7721b.  of  solid  matter,  we  have 
already  noted,  and  therefore  she  produces  in  the  year  nearly  as  much  solid  or 
dry  matter  as  is  represented  in  the  increaee  of  four  bullocka  fattening  on  good 
rations,  each  taking  over  tive  months  to  fatten.  Surely,  therefore,  the  oow  will 
bo  admitted  to  be  deserving  of  rich  rations^  and  these  abundant  in  quantity. 
When  this  ta  fully  and  generally  recognised,  thia  million  sterling  that  is  now 
miaaing  will,  in  pact  at  least,  be  picked  up. 

Of  all  the  foodstuffs  available,  <;ood  grazing  proves  all  round  the  best  and  the 
cheapest,  and  it  behoves  the  dairy-farmer  to  make  the  grazing  as  good  as  the  eon- 
ditiona  of  his  country  allow.  Land  may  readily  be  too  rich  and  grow  feed  too 
luxuriant  and  abundant  for  sheep,  but  we  never  find  gra^Jng  too  luxuriant  for 
cattle,  provided  the  herbage  ia  nutritious.  But  in  grazing  land  with  dairy  oows, 
It  is  not  to  be  forgotten  that  it  h  being  exhausted  in  a  greater  degiree  than  would 
be  the  case  in  grazing  cattle  or  sheep.  A  dairy  cow,  for  example,  will  be  the 
mdans  of  removing  from  the  land,  if  she  yield  600  gallons,  361b.  nitrogen,  1*2  lb. 
phosphoric  acid,  and  JO  lb.  potash.  To  replace  this  with  a  mixture  of  artificial 
manure  would  require  over  2cnt.  of  nitrate  of  soda,  about  601b.  ol  honediiaf, 
and  ntarly  ^  cwt.  of  kainite.  But  in  practice  on  mo£t  soils,  where  in  the 
herbage  th(?r6  is  a  fair  proportion  of  leguminotsfe,  the  replacing  of  the  phosphoric 
acid  wijl  suffice,  and  for  the  best  resulta  that  must  occasionally  be  done,  The 
permanent  pasture  should  be  reinforced  with  basic  slag  or  superphoi^phate,  other- 
wise, SB  we  have  seen,  there  is  removed  in  a  cow's  milk  per  year  almost  as  much 
phoepboric  acid  as  is  drawn  from  the  soil  in  *2B  bushels  of  wheat,  and  every  one 
knows  there  comes  an  end  to  the  time  you  can  take  crop  after  crop  of  wheat  ofl 
the  same  land  without  manure.  If  the  pasture  be  grazed  and  grazed  in  thia  way, 
with  comparatively  little  addition  ia  the  form  of  ottier  foodiituf[^  to  the  stock  on 
it,  there  comes  a  time  when  the  exhaustion  ahowa,  when  the  leguminous  herbage 
becomes  scarce,  when  the  better  grasses  fail,  and  the  pastures  become  posf^essed 
of  inferior  grasses.  Though  the  change  may  not  be  very  apparent,  the  atook  will 
f«-e]  it  anJ  will  show  it  iu  their  yields.  In  the  new  lands  of  the  Korih  Island 
thia  question  ia  not  at  hand,  but  on  the  lands  which  have  bt^en  farmed  lor  a  longer 
time,  an  occasional  top-dressing  of  lime,  honeduat,  basic  alag,  or  superphosphate 
would  be  remunerative^  for  it  would  carry  more  itook  and  do  them  better. 


J 


KBW    XEALAHn  OmCIAIi   TEAJt-BOOX. 


Tn  selecting  seeds  for  Bowing  out  perm&DQDt  pftstare  fordaliy  cattle,  it  should 
be  endeavoured  to  increase  ibe  percentage  of  legu miaous  herb&ge  in  tbe  p&sttire 
— ^to  make  tbe  pa«iure  what  cbemists  designate  a  narrow  rf«tion.  Cow  ^rase,  I 
fear,  we  cMiiiot  buy— or,  to  put  it  in  another  way,  we  cannot  obtain  a  red  clover 
tbat  is  perennial — and  accordingly  we  should  try  to  make  tip  with  white  clover 
and  BOW  proportionately  heavy.  Alsike  clover  might  also  to  added  in  greater 
proportion  on  the  heavier,  damper  landa,  as  on  tbeae  alsike  will  last  longer. 
But  ttie  grazing,  except  for  tbe  matter  of  overfitocking,  is  Batigfactory.  and  doea 
not  oOer  opportunity  lor  improvemi^nt  as  does  the  winter  and  spring  feeding  of  the 
Btock.  It  IS  in  the  winter  and  spring  feeding  of  the  cowi»,  aod  in  the  feeding  and 
rearing  o(  heifeis«  tbat  New  Zealand  practice  as  a  whole  compares  badly,  and 
much  less  is  gained  from  tbe  industry  than  is  poEstble.  There  can  be  no  doabt 
wbate\er  tbat  much  better  proviBion  sbou'd  l>e  made  for  wintering.  The  crofi 
which  st^ggeet  thi  niselves  as  worthy  of  much  greater  attention  are— 

(1,)  Such  grasses  as  Italian  r>  e  and  some  of  the  beat  brome-graaaea,  such 

as  Schraderg  or  prairie  grass. 
{2.)  Such  roots  as  mangolds,  carrots,  and  parsnips. 
(8.)  The  drumhead  cabbage. 
(4.)  Crops  for  soiling  or  en»<tting  in  various  mixtures,  simple  and  eom^ 

plex,  oats,  Cape  barley,  pease,  beans,  vetches. 

On  a  dairy  farm  it  seems  to  me  that  everything  should  turn  round  the  cow, 
and  the  crops  groi^n  sh^tild  be  Buob  aa  are  likely  to  provide  foodstuffs  out  of 
which  to  work  up  the  best  return  on  butter  fat.  Itali'tn  rye-graaa  I  considrr  of 
the  very  greatest  value,  I  would  place  this  plant  far  ahca^l  of  any  varieties  of 
oats  or  barley  for  spring  feeding.  With  these  latter  costing  as  mucb  for  cultiva- 
tion and  seeding^  it  is  only  a  few  days'  feast  and  tbe  feed  is  gone  ;  whereas 
Italian  rye  will  carry  tbe  same  stock  on  tbe  same  area,  and  beat  tbem  as  the 
spring  advances.  When  tbe  pastures  come  to  a  goo:^  bite,  the  stock  can  be  taken 
out,  and  in  six  weeks  you  may  cut  a  luxuriant  crop  of  hay.  Leave  the  ftfiermath 
for  a  time,  and  you  will  get  exoellenl  fiummer  and  autumn  grazing.  It  is  well  to 
sow  the  Iraiian  rye  early^ — at  the  end  of  March,  say — and  sow  out  with  a  heavy 
seeding,  2  buabela  down  to  3Qlb.,  with  61b.  to  Sib.  of  red  dover,  and  2  ib.  alsike 
clover.  There  is  everything  to  recommend  in  this  prac lice— good  spring  feed, 
excel  tent  hay,  and  plenty  of  ic,  and  good  summer  grazing — when  pert^nnial  tye 
(of  which  far  too  much  is  about)  has  gone  to  seed  and  become  dry  or  bleach^. 
Let  any  one  try  it,  and  I  feel  sure  rio  further  missionary  work  will  be  required; 
he  will  be  converted  right  away  to  its  ti»e,  if  on  suitable  country.  Id  sowing  ont 
clovers  with  Italian  rye,  early  sowing  is  absolutely  neoeEsary,  else  will  the  clovert 
fail.  If  Bowipg  Iftte,  omit  of  over  and  sow  increased  weight  of  seed.  You  may 
then  ROW  the  rye  grass  for  seed  after  being  spring-fed,  and  plough  up  again  in  tbe 
autumn.  This  will  pay  better  than  oa^s  for  winter  or  t<pring  early  feed.  At  tbe 
■ame  time,  a  block  of  land  sown  nufliLiently  early  in  the  autumn  in  plots  of 
different  oropa  for  soiling,  so  aa  to  offer  asuccesfilon  of  green  forage  in  the  ^priDg, 
ia  \aluable  on  a  dairy  farm.  Bye,  Cape  barley  and  vetchefi,duQ  oats  and  vetcHes, 
would  offer  such  a  succession.  Jt  is  better  to  out  these  crops  and  totd  them  fDin 
racks  than  to  graze  them,  as  the  quantity  of  forage  secuied  is  heavier  and 
oleanvr  and  better  for  tbe  stock,  while  the  puddling  of  the  land  (which  mttsi 
occur  in  the  average  ppring)  i»  avoided.  Of  these  green  feed -crops  mentioijed, 
tbe  rye  should  always  be  fed  before  it  oomea  into  ear.  If  Itft  until  u  comes  loio 
ear,  oatde  cere  less  for  it,  and  it  has  a  flight  deleterious  tffect  on  the  quahty  ef 
the  dair} -produce.  Other  crops,  vetches  and  Cape  barley,  and  vetches  Aud  oaf», 
if  not  required  for  soiling,  can  be  advantageously  saved  for  bay,  and  if  Ihi 
weather — at  tbe  time  they  are  re%dy  for  cutting— be  unsuitable,  tbey  can  be 
made  mto  silage.  Tbe  vetch  most  suitable  for  sowing  tt  this  purpoae  is  tbe 
large  grain,  and  it  is  worth  a  farmer's  while  to  sow  a  patch  of  the  large  uri 
fiimpiy  fur  s^ed,  ati  the  price  of  f<uch  tares  on  the  market  is  always  very  higb.  I 
mrght  mention  that  there  is  on  the  markt^t  jnat  now  a  very  handy  one-bofW 
mower,  ^bich  is  convenient  to  cut  crops  for  aoiiing  when  only  a  few  loads  caoh 
day  are  required* 


AaKICULTUEE    IN    NEW    ZEALAND.  607 

It  is  needleaa  to  urg«  the  valoe  of  plenty  of  hnv  for  dairy  stock  in  the  winter 
iitne.  All  fftrmera  are  agreed  on  that  raattefj  but  some  do  nofe  fully  apprectata 
the  fact  that  a  coDsiderable  quantity  of  hay  oan  be  mada  without  lessening  in 
anything  like  a  propartional  decree  the  graKing-capacity  of  the  are'i  they  hold, 
fts  there  i-*  generally  in  New  Zealand  (on  good  land  at  any  rate)  fiiiob  an  over- 
whelmin^r  luxuriance  of  h**rhagc  in  the  early  8umm«r.  If  this  be  left  uograzed, 
it  tends  to  go  down  and  rot  tha  bottom.  The  better  nracuce  is  to  shut  up  a  pro- 
portioD  of  the  fields,  Rud  convert  them  into  bay  or  siiage. 

The  roots  to  he  recomment^ed  to  the  dairy  farmers  are  mangolds,  carrots, 
parsnips  ;  and  in  counec'ion  with  these  roots  might  alsa  be  mentioned  such 
iorag«A  a^  cabbage  and  kohl-rabL  Oabbagea  came  iti  in  the  autumn,  while 
inanf^olds  which  have  been  stored  are  ripening  in  the  heap.  Of  the  roots, 
tnangolcis  give  by  far  the  heavleat  yields,  and  can  be  grown  per  ton  at  less  ex- 
penfte  c  msiderably  than  carrots  or  parsnifis.  But  they  require  very  heavy 
tnanuring  and  good  soil  for  the  best  reKuUs,  while  tbe  carrot  and  the  parsnip  are 
less  exaciiog,  both  as  to  quality  of  soil  and  a'l  to  quantity  of  manure* 

It  IB  a  mistake  to  (erd  rootB  too  heavily— for  cxampL^,  to  feed  only  mangolds, 
and,  as  dry  feed,  oat-Etraw.  In  that  case  a  oow,  if  &\m  bave  a  full  tiiipply  of 
mangoldfl,  would  eat  upwards  of  I  awi,  per  day;  but  the  quantity  'i%  better 
to  be  limited  to  50  lb.  or  601b.  per  cow,  ani  the  balance  of  feed  made  up  with 
oat  straw^  hay,  or  sucb  gr^en  forage,  fed  direct  from  the  field,  as  we  have 
already  mentioned.  It  is  a  great  convenience  in  the  spring  to  have  a  good 
supply  of  roots,  euch  a^  maogotde,  stacked  away,  as  they  are  so  ea^^ily  kept,  and 
are  available  to  be  fed  in  tbe  f^pring  when,  sav,  the  land  under  Italian  rye  grasa 
is  too  soft  to  be  grazed  by  cattle  without  hopelessly  spoiling  it  as  a  pasture. 

It  18  well  for  the  farmer  also  to  have  blocks  of  stioh  eropa  as  peaae,  beans, 
and  oats,  wbiob  he  cati  thresh,  to  supply  concentrated  foodBtaJIi)  for  his  cows  in 
the  spring.  Crushed  pease,  crushed  beans,  and  crushed  oats,  fed  to  tbe  amotint 
of  a  few  pounds  per  day,  will  be  found  very  ueefut  to  help  the  o  iwa  to  maintiin 
ibeir  miU-yield  unt*l  buoIi  time  as  the  grazing  com^B  to  lull  bite.  It  ta  a  mia- 
fortune  to  bavo  cows  entering  on  tbe  lactation  period  in  poor  condition,  so  that 
ivben  good  grssning  does  become  avaifable  they  have  to  make  up  body-weictht  in 
addition  to  their  ordinary  functiona  of  Hecreting  milk.  It  is  dntiirable  to 
avoid  the  check  that  bo  miny  nowt^  get  in  tbe  apritip^,  and  to  insure  that  tbe 
animalH  shall  be  milking  in  good,  tbr^ltj,.  hoaltby  condition.  If  tbat  can' be 
secured  there  is  no  doubt  whatever  that  the  milk-flow  would  be  coTididerablj 
increased  through  tbe  milking  period. 

SiUge  aa  \e\  has  only  been  adopted  by  comparatively  f^w  farmers.  For  the 
North  Inland,  I  should  consider  the  making  ot  EiLiga  a  very  imp^^rtant  feature  of 
dairy  praciice.  Where  maize  can  be  grown  it  cerla  nly  should  be  adopted.  I 
can  foreBsa  the  time  when,  if  the  dairying  industry  coniinues  to  mske  progreaa, 
there  will  he  large  cbafling  plants  travelling  round  among  dairy -farmers,  tilling 
ibeir  silos.  It  i*  not  always  necessary  to  grw  crops  specially  for  making  into 
Silage,  but  when  auch  cropa  are  grown,  maize,  if  tbe  climate  allows  of  it,  is  tbe 
very  best,  and  following  that  I  would  place  a  mixture  of  oats.  Cape  barley, 
beans,  and  peas««  Maize  undoubtedly  Is  best  chaffed,  and  I  would  Fay  probably 
all  forage  to  be  ensiled  is  betcer  to  be  ohafTed.  1  have  found  that  there  i»  leFS 
vra^te,  that  the  silage  is  more  naailj  cmde.  that  it  packs  better,  and  that  It 
U  more  easily  bandied  when  it  comes  to  be  fed.  In  tbe  wetter  dUtricts  of  the 
North  Island,  I  tbink  silage  will  ultimately  prove  a  great  atand-hy  to  tbe  farmer, 
ap  it  can  be  secuied  at  a  Lime  of  tbe  year  when  it  is  easier  to  get  on  the  land, 
whereas  roots  are  often  very  difHcuIt  to  get  out,  and  it  certainly  i»  very  con- 
venient to  have,  when  winter  seta  to,  your  store  of  forage  under  cover  and 
adjacent  to  tbe  buildings  in  the  form  of  hay  and  silage. 

Let  me  aay,  in  conclusion,  that  when  the  careful  rearing  and  feeding  of  dairy 
stock  shall  become  general  i  broughout  the  colony,  and  more  attention  be  given  to 
tbe  breeding  and  selection,  it  will  he  found  that  there  is  much  to  recommend  the 
dairying  industry  financially  not  yet  revealed. 


60 


NBW    ZBAI.AND   OFFICUl.   TBAII-BOOK. 


I 


The  Dairy  Industry. 

This  industry  continues  to  flourigh  throughout  New  Ze&land* 
As  evidence  of  its  growth,  it  may  be  stated  that  the  export  of  butter 
and  cheese  in  1905  amounted  to  £1.408,557,  and  for  cheese 
£205,171*  The  Govern luent  still  spends  large  sums  of  money  in 
teaching  the  art  of  butter  and  cheese  makings  the  proper  method 
of  packing,  and  shipping.  With  a  view  to  encourage  the  breeding 
of  better  strains  of  cattle  for  the  production  of  milk  of  supenor 
quality  as  well  as  quantity,  the  Governaient,  recognising  the 
importance  of  this  matter,  have  imported  a  few  first-class  sires 
from  well-known  breeders  of  milking  strains  of  cattle  for  the 
use  of  those  dairy  fanners  who  are  not  in  a  position  to  secme 
the  best  bulls  for  their  purpose.  The  service  of  these  bulls  has 
been  fixed  at  a  nominal  scale,  and  is  only  available  for  selected 
animals.  Graders  are  employed  examining  all  butter  and  cheese  for 
export,  who  brand  each  packet  with  its  proper  quality.  Factory- 
owners  recognise  the  fact  that  it  is  folly  to  pay  freight  on  any  but 
the  best  quality ;  and  this  remark  applies  to  grain  and  meat  as  well 
We  have  to  compete  against  Canada,  the  United  States,  Denmark* 
Australia,  the  Argentine,  and  Siberia,  New  Zealand  dairymen  must 
therefore  endeavour  to  raise  dairy  cattle  which  will  yield  the  maxi- 
mum of  milk  of  the  best  quality  ;  in  fact,  nothing  but  intense  farm- 
ing wilJ  pay  in  the  future,  applied  to  every  branch.  To  produce 
milk  of  the  best  quality  for  the  manufacture  of  butter  or  cheeee 
during  the  winter  and  early  spring  months  is  a  very  difficult  matter, 
especially  when  turnips  are  largely  used.  This  question  was  fully 
discussed  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  National  Dairy  AssociatioQ, 
at  their  conference  heM  at  Palmerston  North  in  June  last.  The 
practice  of  grazing  milking-cattle  on  ••breaks"  of  turnips  is 
discouraged,  but  if  thiij  feed  must  be  used,  they  should  be  topped 
and  tailed  and  carted  on  lo  clean  grass  land,  and  fed  immediately 
after  milking  with  plenty  of  clean  sweet  hay  intervening.  Ensilage 
is  strongly  recomuieniied  as  a  substitute  for  turnips,  and  is  used  by 
many  dairy-farmers  in  the  North  Island,  A  well-known  Aus- 
tralian authority,  writing  in  the  Pastoralists'  Review^  says,  **  Ensi- 
lage for  years  past  has  been  fully  recognised  as  pre-emineotiy 
a  food  for  the  cow  in  milk,  but  to  be  of  much  feeding-value  a  great 
deal  depends  on  the  herbage  and  grasses  and  care  used  in  its  maott- 
facture."  This  is  an  important  point.  Mr,  Gibbie,  of  Te  Roti,  wha 
makes  very  large  quantities  of  ensilage  for  his  dairy  cattle  every 
season,  read  a  practical  paper  on  the  subject  before  the  National 
Dairy  Association  at  their  meeting  at  Palmerston  North  in  1904. 
Many  farmers  in  Otago  Central  also  use  large  quantities  of  this  kind 
of  fodder  with  great  success. 

The  coiiiplete  sterilising  of  milk  to  destroy  the  germs  of  diseaii 
18  a  wise  precaution.     The  operation  consists  of  heating  milk  up 
a  certain  temperature,  and  cooling  it  rapidly,  a  process  which  hi 
been   found   to  destroy  the   bacillus  of  tuberculosis  known  to  be 


I 

i  a  certais 


4QBIC17LTUBE   IN   NBW   ZZAhAl^n.  D09 

jresent  in  the  milk  of  affected  cattle.  The  Government  veterinaries 
are  employed  exam  mi  ng  ihe  cattle,  and  a  large  number  are  aniniaUy 
tested  with  tubercolm,  and  when  fouod  afifected  they  are  deatroyed, 
compensation  being  allowed. 

Pigs. 

These  useful  adjuncts  to  the  dairy  now  hold  an  importftnt  position 
on  all  dairy  farms  in  New  Zealand,  The  last  sDatistics  show 
Bwine  numbering  249,727.  The  favourite  breed  in  New  Zealand  is 
the  improved  Berkshire.  The  large  and  small  breeds  of  White 
Yorkshire  are  also  to  be  met  with,  but  are  not  so  generally 
approved  of  as  the  black  pigs.  The  Tarn  worth  pig  has  its  ad- 
mirers amongst  pi^-breeders,  as  they  answer  admirably  for  cross- 
ing with  black  pigs.  They  produce  good  bacon  pigs,  making 
more  lean  meat  and  longer  sides  than  the  pure  Berkshires.  Figs 
require  no  better  attention  than  a  good  grass  paddock,  with  a  liberal 
supply  of  roots,  and  a  little  iin threshed  pea-haulm  for  a  few  weeks 
before  killiog^  with  plenty  of  water,  and  shelter  from  the  sun  dunng 
the  wannest  summer  months,  and  in  winter  as  welL 

The  breeding,  rearing,  and  fattening  of  pigs  is  a  source  of  wealth 
which  is  capable  of  considerable  expansion.  Several  plants  for  the 
mild  curing  of  bacon  have  been  set  up  at  the  various  freezing- 
factories,  and  by  private  persons  and  firms.  The  establishment  of 
properly  appointed  pig-farms  is  a  somewhat  costly  undertaking,  as 
all  the  fences  must  be  pig-proof.  Doubtless  this  conBideration  has 
had  a  deterrent  effect  upon  some,  while  others  find  the  rearing  of 
young  stock  for  the  dairy  and  the  breeding  of  lambs  a  sufficiently 
profitable  undertakings  besides  causing  less  trouble,  but  there  is 
room  for  an  enormous  extension  of  this  industry. 

PODLTBY, 

The  efforts  being  made  by  the  Government  to  foster  this  industry 
are  gradually  producing  the  hoped-for  results.     The  distribution  of 
a  better  class  of  poultry  is  showing  good  results  already.     Farmers 
are  beginning  to  see  that  their  poultry- yard  should  form  no  mean 
auxiliary   to   the   general   return   from  the  products  of    the   farm.! 
With  such  a  clunate  as   we  have,   there  need  be  no  difficulty  imi 
raising  hundreds  whtjre  dozens  are  now  produced,     The  Department! 
is  doing  much  to  foster  this  industry.      The  Government  Poultry 
Depots  are  kept  busily   employed.     The  Agricultural  Department 
intends  to  seek  legislation  to  prevent  the  export  of  any  poultry^ 
unless  it  has  been  graded  by  a  Government  official.     This  is  a  stepi 
in  the  right  direction.     The  egg- laying  competitions  now  being  carried 
out  at  Lincoln  Agricultural  College  and  Blenheim  will  certainly  give 
ao  impetus   to  fowl-raisiug.     The  competiiion  at  Lincoln  College 
embraces  this  year  about  a  hundred  pens  of  most  of  tho  pure 
breeds  of  the  colony.     The  condiiion  of  the  several  lots  at  the  end 
of  a  trial  extending  over  twelve  months  \vill  be  a  fairly  good  index  to 
the  breeds  best  suited  for  the  production  of  eggs. 
aO—Ybk. 


'iio  kbw  2ealand  official  tear-bocis. 

Trb  Fbuit  Industry, 

From  the  North  Cape  to  the  Bluff  Hill,  in  the  extreme  south  of 
the  Middle  Island,  the  climate  and  soil  are,  for  the  most  pari, 
eminently  adapted  for  the  growth  of  a  large  variety  of  fruits. 
Generally  speaking,  pears,  plums,  quinces,  apricots,  figs,  walnuts, 
cherries,  gooseberries,  currants,  strawberries,  and  raspberries  grow 
luxuriantly,  producing  abundant  crops  of  fruit.  In  the  Auckland 
District,  oranges,  lemons,  and  hmes  flourish  :  many  groves  are  now 
bearing,  and  afford  light  and  pleasant  employment  to  a  large  number 
of  persons.  Tliis  employment  will  go  on  increasing  as  the  plan  Ca- 
tions throughout  the  colony  become  older.  The  olive  flourishes  io 
the  North  Island,  bearing  heavy  crops,  and  the  manufarCture  of  oil 
will  assume  important  dimensions  at  no  distant  dale. 

Vine-growing  is  also  carried  on  with  tolerable  success  in  many 
districts ;  tons  of  fruit  grown  under  glass  are  sold  in  the  Auckland 
markets  annually.  Sigoor  Bragato,  an  Italian  wine  expert,  has 
given  it  as  his  opinion  that  there  are  numerous  localities  in  both 
Islands  suited  for  growing  vines  for  the  manufacture  of  wine. 

Aw^ay  in  the  far  north  the  banana  grows  and  ripens  its  fruit,  but 
it  is  not  thought  that  it  will  ever  enter  into  successful  competition 
with  those  grown  and  imported  at  so  cheap  a  rate  from  the  Pacific 
Islands. 

Extensive  orchards  of  apples  have  existed  in  Auckland  for  many 
years,  and  are  still  capable  of  producing  an  abundance  of  fruit,  if 
kept  free  from  codlin-moth  and  other  pesls.  Orchard-planting  is 
progressing,  and  must  one  day  be  a  very  important  industry.  Central 
Otago  will  also  become  a  large  fruit  ^producing  district,  being  free 
from  violent  and  scorching  north-west  winds»  so  soon  as  that  district 
is  connected  by  rail  with  the  sea- ports.  The  total  area  under 
orchards  in  the  colony  is  26,760  acres,  and  550  acres  of  vineyard. 

The  manufacture  of  cider  has  assumed  considerable  dimensions, 
opening  up  a  ready  market  for  suitable  surplus  fruit.  The  colonial- 
matie  article  is  rapidly  coming  into  favour  with  the  general  public. 

The  drying  of  fruit  has  been  fostered  by  the  authorities,  who 
sent  an  expert  through  some  of  the  apple-growing  districts,  giving 
practical  lessons  in  the  art  of  artificial  fruit-drying.  A  great  deal 
more  might  also  be  done  in  bottling  fruits,  and  the  manufacture  of 
fruit- wine,  if  only  for  home  consumption.  The  manufacture  of  jam 
is  successfully  carried  on  ;  there  is,  however,  plenty  of  room  for 
further  developments  in  this  direction, 

Pbospectb  of  Small  Farmeba. 

Those  who  have  watched  the  course  of  events  in  other  countries, 
so  far  as  they  affect  the  agricultural  interests  of  New  Zealand,  are 
forced  to  the  conclusion  that  New  Zealand  will  have  to  pay  great 
attention  to  the  quality  of  her  agricultural  exports.  Our  farmers 
cannot  hope  to  compete  with  such  countries  as  Australia  and 
RAiith  America,  where  land  is  so  much  cheaper,  and  where  mutton 


AGRICULTURE    IN    KEW    ZBALAKD. 


011 


and  beef  of  good  quality  can  be  produced  ;  for  cheap  meat  these 
must  command  the  markets  of  the  world.  Happily  for  New  Zea- 
land, our  climate  and  pastures  are  such  that  we  can  not  only 
produce  mutton  equal  to  the  finest  English  or  Scotch,  but  we  can 
produce  more  per  acre  than  can  be  done  in  Australia*  Our  dairy- 
produce  is  now  second  to  none,  which  is  largely  due  to  the  system 
of  manufacture  and  Government  grading. 

Owing  to  her  humid  climate  and  fertile  soil  New  Zealand  is 
peculiarly  well  adapted  for  small  holdmgs.  Men  of  slender 
means  can  easily  make  homes  for  themselves  and  their  families, 
always  provided  they  know  something  of  the  work  they  undertake, 
and  are»  with  their  families,  willing  to  work  hard  and  live  frugally 
for  a  few  years.  It  is  quite  possible  for  a  man  with  a  few  cows 
and  pigs,  together  with  poultry  and  bees,  to  make  a  good  living, 
as  markets  for  these  products  are  available  in  England  and  else- 
where ;  there  is  also  a  good  local  market  if  the  goods  are  properly 
prepared,  and  a  continuous  demand  for  the  supply  of  coastal  and 
ocean-going  steamers.  The  facilities  now  given  for  obtaining  land 
and  money  at  reasonable  rates  oflfer  great  inducements  to  persons  to 
settle  upon  the  land.  This  is  amply  illustrated  at  Cheviot  and  else- 
where, where  fine  estates  have  been  cut  up  into  moderate -si  zed 
farms,  and  let  to  farmers  on  perpetual  lease  at  a  rental  representing 
4  per  cent,  on  the  purchase-money.  Prosperous  homes  have  sprung 
op,  and  tree-planting  is  being  carried  on  by  some  of  the  settlers, 
which  is  an  earnest  of  the  stability  of  the  settlements. 


TREE-PLANTING. 

FOBEST-THEES. 

followmg  paper  from  the  pen  of  Mr*  T.  W*  Adams,  of  Green- 
dale,  which  has  recently  appeared  in  the  colunms  of  the  Lyti  lion 
Tim  s,  should  be  of  special  interest  at  this  time,  when  tree- plan  ting 
is  being  carried  on  throughout  Canieibury.  Mr.  Atiams'a  practical 
experience  as  a  tree-planter  entitles  his  opinion  to  every  credence  :— 
It  is  not  my  mcrnlion  to  write  ftboab  Ireei  ibiit  have  f  <Ued  ih rough  nome 
riegler-i  of  the  plAniGr,  but  of  trees  tb»t,  u^der  the  mo»%  fiv-ursble  ciroum- 
stATice%  ara  dida|)|K»inuDg  when  comparted  with  somo  others  ibai^  are  as  e&sily 
otfcaioed. 

Blub-guits. 

Bplendid  bitie  gumn  are  sH]]  to  b*  f>nnd  m  Cnntarfiury,  jet  I  suppoiie  few 
fi«r»ons  would  now  recommend  ihe  exlensive  pltintini?  oi  t^o*©  treei*,  Bmce  their 
desLruetlort  over  nncb  a  wide  rrtDj^H  by  frofttA,  and  their  liivb^lity  lo  Ihe  attack  of 
invoi  pefi  ft  tn  m<%n7  parts  at  Canterbury,  ban  made  the  gruwitig  of  them  qiiro 
unprof!  able.  Yet,  juiif^ed  bv  our  i-xpurience  of  other  inwert  T^ests^  it  may  be 
bo{«d  that  before  long  tiie  ias^'cia  may  receive  a  olieck,  eitiier  by  a  ^ine  na  ural 
enrmv  or  aomo  other  caiiBe^  and  Llie  gum-ir^-ea  again  recover  flrmetbing  of  their 
former  glory.  How  *  f  en  ha«  the  utrii  gy.hark  ginm  been  recom  nended  by  a 
oeriam  auihority  on  trees  m  the  gum  io  plant  t    Aud  yt:t  I  veoture  to  aa^  ^hA4 


I 


61S 


NBW    IAALA9D   OrrtCUkh   tWAR-BOOm 


nob  one  tree  in  five  hundred  mi  ted  hM  survived  ih«  fro«l#  of  lkt«e  wtnWti.  At 
tk  miktfer  of  fact,  this  gum  la  quite  too  tender  for  general  plihatmg  on  the  Cantec* 
bury  Plain*, 

The  Larch. 
Another  very  valuable  tree  that  haa  very  generaflv  d!sftppofnte<K  the  planter 
OQ  tlie  Oanterriiiry  PUing  is  th^  Uroti.  I  r^^ret  t'Xc^edingU  Kbat  the,  to  m  <•! 
reipeots,  excellifnt  work  on  tree-oattur«  puUbhed  by  the  New  Ze^fcland  F^rert 
Department  should  iead  piAnters  astray  witT  reipect  to  this  tree,  as  it  doe-i  oo 
page  41,  where  it  ^a  s,  '*  As  an  inAtance  of  the  comparatively  rai  id  growth  of  tlie 
Eiig^Hh  lareb  on  poor,  dry  soil  in  Ganterbary,"  kc  That  the  l&rcli  will  grow  on 
poor  8oil  if  there  ia  a  good  rainfall  no  one  of  experience  doubts,  but  that  it  iini 
not  grow  on  the  pnor,  dry  »oil  of  ifae  Canterbury  PUirii  most  pUnt  rs  know  Iron 
aad  experience.  During  years  of  drought  they  have  been  killed  by  thoQs^nd«, 
and  the  trees  that  do  manage  to  survive  ere  of  no  value,  as  the  wood  im  what  ii 
called  **  pumped  *' — that  is^  it  Iorps  itR  texture^  and  has  a  soft,  pithy  appearmnoa. 
One  of  tho  beat  English  aiiihora,  wnting  of  the  Uroh,  saya,  ♦^It  is  perfectly  hardy, 
though  conBtuulionallydeNcate,  and  of  v«ry  rat'id  gro<*th  ;  but  it  should  never  bt 
planted  nnlesf)  in  a  sweer,  ht^albv  soil,  rather  moist  than  dry  ;  it  prefers  loamy, 
fight  mould,  and  poroug  gravelly  soils."  There  is  a  very  fi«ie  plantation  of  \mteh. 
on  Messrs.  Df-aoAs  Homebush  Et-tate,  over  which  I  once  had  the  pleasure  of 
showing  the  Chief  Forebter.  Tb&t  is  on  moist  ground  ;  and  within  a  mile  of  tbii 
fiame  plantation,  and  on  t^ie  same  estaU'^  hut  on  dry  i«oil,  I  saw  a  number  of 
laroh-treee  that  had  periiihed  dunnii  the  drought  of  1898.  \ly  experience,  ts« 
tending  over  a  period  of  forty  years,  o  nivlDoes  me  that  there  are  a  dozen  spadei 
of  trees  more  toitable  than  the  larch  for  the  dry  plains, 

Norway  Spruce. 

Another  tree  ext^oeively  planted  is  the  common  of  Horway  tprtioe.  TTikt 
too*  it  a  dismal  f*«ilure,  acd  it  is  a  rare  thii>g  to  see  a  deoent  tre>e  anywhen, 
Where  the  Uroh  has  sucoeeded  the  f^pruce  may  be  seen  in  fair  condition  ;  bat  the 
spruce  at  its  beat  Is  a  poor  timber- tree,  and  qutte  unworthy  of  attention  froiD 
the  planter.  Of  late  years  it  hns,  around  ChriBichurcht  been  attacked  by  some 
kind  f^f  blight,  and  the  treo^  look  very  miserable  indeed^ 

The  remarks  m^^de  with  respect  to  larch  and  I'prnoe  are  also  applicable  to 
the  Boots  pine,  Thla  tree  is  attacked  by  an  aphis  blight,  very  aimilar  to  the 
white  blight  on  app't)  trees,  and  when  atla<  k' d  f«w  trees  se^-m  able  to  roakeaoy 
prrgrcfiB,  the  tree  becoming  gnarled  and  unsightly,  and  perfectly  worlhlew,  eten 
for  tire  wood. 

The  Ash. 

Another  valuable  tree  when  well  ^rown,  but  not  so  extcnsivelj  planted,  it 
the  common  ash.  Thii4  tr^e,  on  the  drier  parte  of  the  plain,  though  not  bo  ottmi 
killed  outright  by  a  dry  ppell  of  north-west  weather,  just  drops  ita  leavei  and 
retires  for  a  time,  PlantatiouH  of  ash  twenty  yeara  old  may  be  seen,  the  tnm 
still  living,  but  not  perhaps  more  than  a  fo(3(  taller  than  when  planted. 

The  birch-tree  may  perhaps  be  introduced  sparingly  into  a  plantation  oo  the 
plaine  to  add  variety,  as  it  is  very  ornamental,  hut  a  more  worthlemi  tree  lor 
stakes  or  any  other  useful  forpose  on  the  farm  cannot  be  oonoeived.  Tk* 
walnut  and  swret  ohestnut  I  have  si^verat  tlinea  seen  strongly  recommended  t« 
planters,  but  bath  trees  suffer  very  much  from  drought,  and  will  never  makvaity 
progress  unless  assisted  by  some  artificial  water-supply,  or  if  planted  by  Use 
aide  of  a  water-race. 

The  Catalpa. 

Another  tree  that  has  been  boomed  altogether  beyond  its  merite  in  Amtn'M^ 
ae  well  ae  in  New  Zealand,  is  the  catalpa.  The  hardy  oat&lpa,  on  rich,  w%ll- 
cultivated  ground  in  Canterbury,  will  make  f^ir  progress,  hut  er.  n  under  tke 
most  favourable  conditions  ae  to  soii  and  moisture,  in  euch  a  poaitioi  U  will 
no«  make  at*  much  growth  annual ly  as  the  o->mmon  ash,  and  when  well  gT««a 
the  ash  would  be  very  much  more  valuable.  Tuoa*^  pei^ple  who  boom  tho  iratalft 
bm§  A  very  convenient  wa|  ol  %avt\ix%  out  ot  a  diffiuwlty.    If  yoia  tali  ihl»i&e 


TEBB-PULNTINO,  613 

€S»talpa  will  nob  f^row  with  you.  th«y  id  I  you  that  tb«re  are  two  flpeoids  of  the 
tfae,  and  they  admic  one  of  them  ii  a  wortble^fi  ire«,  &fjd  rf  course  you  have  got 
the  wrong  one.  And  so  tt  goes  on.  Well,  I  havo  several  times  imported  fteeda 
from  tbo  best  seedsmen  in  Amerioa,  and  have  always  got  the  wortbleBS  sort. 
Seeing  tbi^t  Mr.  Mailhewa^  the  Cuief  Fore&trr,  had  imported  some  oonsiderabte 
quantity  of  B^ei  from  the  man  who  waia  doing  tbe  most  of  the  booming  in 
America,  and  tbat  Mr.  Mattbewg  had  raised  a  larjsre  number  of  plants,  I  begged 
of  him  a  dozen  plants  to  teet  here,  at  Greendale,  and  I  find  that  tbey  to  >  are 
ibo  wortblefie  epecieji*  It  ia  only  fair  to  Bay  that  on  some  drep  alluvial  flats  in 
America  the  tree  hae  produced  »ome  very  valuable  timber  in  a  gliort  lime,  but 
I  am  ftill  at  opinion  the  aame  conditions  would  have  given  a  better  reiurn  if 
planted  with  tbe  common  ash. 

The  c^tftlpa  aa  a  tree  is  very  ornamental ,  and  is  well  worthy  of  a  place  near 
the  dw«liirg,  ritber  on  the  lawnt  or  in  the  back  ysrd.  A  tree  at  Ibe  back  of 
zny  house  mnkes  a  leading  iboot  of  about  2h.  Bin.  per  annum.  One  advantage 
ol  the  cataipa  ie  tbat  the  leaves  are  very  large,  and  make  a  good  shade  in 
fUmiDer.  They  also  fall  all  at  once,  after  the  first  frost,  leaving  a  very  open 
head  during  tbe  doll  winter  monthH,  through  which  the  gun  pt^netratee  freely. 
These  qualities  make  tbe  oatalpa  one  of  the  very  beiit  trees  to  plant  ffir  such  a 
purpose,  but  he  who  expects  a  proifi table  plantation  of  cat a1  pa- trees  wtU  have  lo 
g«4  m  di^trent  Bpecies  from  any  I  have  yet  betn  able  to  procure. 

Tbe  oak  and  elm,  aUhough  better  adapted  to  the  conditionB  found  in  Canter- 
hury  than  thoae  previously  mt-ntloned,  cannot  be  considlered  profitable  trees  to 
plant  when  compared  with  other  trees  that  grow  more  rapidly,  and  produce 
timber  of  equal  if  not  superior  merit. 

Kxperimcnts  made  here  with  different  Bpecies  of  hickory  have  not  been  very 
eooouragitig.  All  tbe  epeclea  seem  to  want  the  same  conditions  as  the  ash  and 
waltiut,  and  even  then  will  not  make  the  same  progreBfl. 

One  of  my  disappointments  bag  been  with  the  Californtan  broad  leaf  trees, 
■uoh  as  tbe  oak,  tbe  ash,  and  the  maples.  I  have  introduced  most  of  tbe 
oommon  CalHornian  treea  of  these  three  families,  and  I  expected,  from  tbe  general 
auooeSB  we  have  bad  with  the  western  pines,  that  the  oaks  and  other  broa^l-teaf 
trees  would  tnrn  out  equally  well.  But  such  has  not  been  tbe  esse,  aod  none  of 
ilsem  seem  better  adapted  to  the  oonditioDs  hece  than  the  European  speoiea, 

I  shall  now  proce^  to  enumerate  those  trees  which  give  more  ov  less  promise 
of  sncoess  during  a  succession  ol  years  in  Canterbury. 

It  ha<i  been  said  by  a  gentleman  having  exceptional  advantages  in  Great 
Britain  of  studying  the  growth  of  the  many  introduced  forest  trees  that  '*not 
twenty  of  the  many  introduced  conifers  into  that  ooun  ry  can  be  recommended 
in  any  part  of  th-^  oountry  for  profitable  planting";  and  although  our  experience  in 
llew  Zealand  does  not  extend  much  over  fifty  years,  a  large  number  of  the  inlro- 
daci»d  trees  have  already  proved  themselves  of  no  velue  as  prolitable  trees,  and, 
wb»t  is  strange,  many  of  these  are  trees  tbat  supply  a  large  proportion  of  the 
commercial  timber  of  the  Old  World. 

Nativb  Tbeeb. 
Nor  have  we  any  native  trees  that  can  be  profitably  planted  on  the  Ganter- 
btiry  Plain*:,  although  the  kauri  might  po&sibly  be  grown  to  profit  on  much  of  the 
barren  land  north  of  Auckland.  But  even  there  I  should  expect  thfre  are  a  few 
introduced  trees  that  would  prove  more  profitable.  Of  the  rimu  there  is  not  tbe 
shadow  of  a  chance  of  its  ever  being  i^rown  profitably,  as,  in  the  first  place,  it  is 
almost  imposmble  to  prt^cure  seedii.  Many  buahmen  have  told  me  tbat  they  have 
tre^er  i^een  any  rimu-Need,  but  if  tbe  seed  was  as  easily  procurable  as  tbat  of  the 
lotara,  tbe  growth  of  tbe  tree  la  i>o  slow  as  to  quite  put  it  out  of  court  as  a  profit- 
able tree.  Totara  has  tbe  mont  promise  of  any  of  our  better  nativrj  trees  lo  grow 
on  the  Canterbury  Plains,  but  even  this  can  never  be  c  unted  wot  thy  of  planting 
for  profit,  aUhough  quite  worthy  of  a  place  for  ornament. 


614  NSW  ££alaKo  official  tear-book . 

Trek  PLANTiHa*  

In  wrttlTig  OTi  tbe  Babject  of  tree- pUo Hug,  it  i«  moBl  difl^oaU  to  lay  down  uiy 
general  rules  that  will  applv  to  every  o»m6,  so  mftny  «?ircumsiAncefi  baviag  to  be 
considered*  Hob  only  t'le  kind  of  trees,  but  the  direction  in  whicb  iho  plan- 
tation liea  will  often  mivk«  a  consi^lerable  diflerence  as  to  what  treeft  sbonld  be 
planlcd.  Some  trm&  nted  murli  Jigbt,  uthcrs  are  f*hade,er  during,  and,  indeed, 
prefer  to  h@  th&6ed  from  ibe  fuil  raytt  of  the  sun.  Mixtd  {<lantationa  always  look 
bitter  tb&n  p1ant)ttion»  of  only  one  kind  of  tree.  It  i^  naocBsary  in  a  mixed 
plan tai  ion  to  bave  trees  that  grow  almost  at  tbe  same  pare,  or  the  rapid  (trowet 
will  »oon  exclude  the  ligbt  and  air  frm  tti  slower  neigh botir,  and  the  slower* 
growling  tree  will  h^ve  to  go  under,  aithougb  tbe  tree  ibat  takes  tbe  longer  lima 
to  establish  itself  mny  bo  at  heart  the  beT  er  tree.  One  may  sometimea  notioa 
the  aame  thing  ia  another  nee  other  thau  tbe  vegeiable  kingaom. 

PlNrS   iKfilONtS. 

A  very  oommon  mistake  in  CAnteroury  ba^  been  tbe  planting  of  Pinm 
insiqiiis  with  other  trees  of  slower  growtti,  the  former  being  allowed  to  grow 
nntil  tb  y  h>iv6  avta^tied  a  nize  that  to  oat  (hem  out  mo^em  tbe  deatruotl  *n  of 
almo-^t  everything  ol^e  in  their  fall.  In  some  ea^e^  a  very  i^ood  way  ta  Ire  it  inch 
a  plarktatirn  istor»ng  bark  l'inn%  insiqnu  tind  I  ave  Ibem  to  rot  as  tb<<y  BVaod. 
1  bH.ve  sometimes  heard  the  Ptnus  innignts  spoken  of  as  not  l>eii)g  worth  cutting 
Up  for  firewood,  but  with  proper  treatment  it  makes  a  tealiy  valuable  firewood. 
To  get  the  bfst  out  of  it  it  should  to  nplit  tip  as  soon  as  fell  d,  as  it  is  much 
ea<^]t^r  to  work  tbeOf  and  after  iHe  sap  is  fairly  dried  out  of  it,  it  f^bould  b^  stacked 
in  the  dry  and  kept  drv.  It  will  then  be  found,  if  not  a  firtit^rate  firev^ood, 
oertalhlv  a  wood  not  to  be  spoken  ligblily  of«  Ptuus  ttu^ionts^  too,  is  not  to  be 
despisfd  for  sawing  into  building  material,  as  mary  in  different  parts  of  Canter- 
bnry  can  testify  ;  and  I  am  not  at  all  sure  but  lb)it  wIh'd  tbe  tret's  become  of 
matitrer  age  the  wood  will  be  found  sui'able  for  po^ts  and  other  purpo^ei 
where  dur>ib  lity  in  tbe  ground  is  desired.  S>>[n«  trees  ibat  I  had  sawn  up  t«st 
winter  bad  a  good  cei^re  of  heart  wood,  n^^t  unhke  tolarj%  in  appear>«Doe.  The 
Pvius  wsiguts^  when  all  itt^  clainis  are  cormidered,  is,  in  my  estuniition,  worthy 
of  better  treaiment  than  h  has  yet  r^  ceivtfd  at  ibe  handii  o!  |)laiiters.  PUnts  ara 
easily  procurf  d,  they  quickly  eetahliAh  themselves,  grow  far  more  r*pidty  thaa 
any  other  tree«  are  good  ehilleri  af^d  should  the  wood  not  turn  out  to  be  ai 
valuable  a^  I  ihink,  trere  will  [<tilt  be  a  grt  at  d*  mand  for  cheap  timber  fur  making 
all  kinds  of  packing-cases.  No  other  \^ood  can  be  grown  at  anything  like  «olow 
a  oost  as  Pmu5  iftstgnis, 

AUSTRAOAN   GUMB. 

WJih  Ptiiuj  in-tiQnis  I  would  pUnt  one  of  tbe  hardy  Australian  ^uit, 
Eficaltjptits  stiimttnna  for  preferei»a*,  Th^s  gum  ban  stood  tbe  mo^^t  revere  (rosti 
we  have  had,  is  a  r^tptd  and  straight  growrr,  ipliis  easily*  is  durable  in  tbe  ground, 
and  is  altogether  the  kind  of  tr^e  the  farmer  requires  for  the  various  pa rposes 
on  the  farm.  With  a  g  »od  plantation  of  equal  proportions  of  P.  tttsu^nis  and 
E.  Rtuartmna^  the  farmer  would  have  all  his  waf^ta  mot  in  both  hard  and  soft 
wood'*. 

Next  to  E.  sitiartiana,  E.  umi/fera,  so  far  as  gmwth  and  hardiness  are 
concetntd,  sterns  the  best  gum  to  grow,  but  it  is  difllicult  to  pmcure  seed, 
aa  eaon  pod  has  to  be  gathered  s^^parately.  The  hardiest  gum  is  E,  coriacea^ 
but  it  grows  too  crocked  to  put  it  in  the  first  rank-  E.  cocciftr^u  is  also  very 
hardv,  and  1b  one  of  the  bo'^t  trees  for  shelter,  but  does  not  make  a  good 
Btraij^ht  hole  tike  E.  aiuartuina  and  E,  umigcta.  All  tbeise  do  well  and  are 
worthy  of  attentiun* 

Pinks. 

The  following  pines  are  all  making  a  satisfactory  Rrowth  here,  and  any  or  all 
may  he  planted  lAiih  a  good  prosp  ot  of  success  (I  es  imatn  their  value  as  to  order 
pla'^ed);  Pi^iun  la^ic^o,  P.  jtffreyii^  I*,  pounerma,  P.  bEiUhamiaiM^  P,  atutriaca 
Nrill  Mtand  mare  drought  thau  almost  any  otiier),  P.  mttrryana  (for  ahelter), 
P.  tabiuiatui  (d rough t-re-iarii'gj,  P  conUere  (very  largo  oone^),  P,  tTe4lMa, 
P*  lubercuUUa.     I  seleot  these  out  of  abou^  forty  species  growing  at  Oreendalo. 


TRBE-PLANTING.  616 

Ooi  of  ii  large  onmHer  of  sp^oiea  of  spmcM  thr««  eeem  worth  &  t rial ,  but 
anlj  in  %  somev^hat  coot  spot.  They  are — Abies  doughHt,  Ai  ortent^iUSf  and 
A.  nnUhiana.  This  l&at  grown  well,  but  the  wood  is  uai  reputed  to  be  of  mucli 
value* 

Of  forty  sfM'oiet  of  maples  tbe  following  arc  growing  fairly  well  •  Tte  EngHth 
fie)d-maple»  ihe  Amencan  silver  fnMp]^,  tbe  Norway  m&pW,  aud  the  roui  d  leafed 
maple— all  wonli  gro^iog,  but  more  f^^r  omamenl  ibau  commercial  value. 

Various  Species  op'CoNirEas. 
Two  appoips  of  mr»r»k«y- puzzle  are  bftrdv  fnoiigh  for  Mb  diBtriot,  and  are 

? rowing  slowlr  but  purely:  tbey  are  Aroncaria  imbrjcnta  and  ^.  bra^itigfisis, 
wo  bircbes  ihat  are  very  diRtincb  and  gti>w  wt-ll,  hui.  can  nnlv  be  o>^nEi<rered 
for  ornamental  planting,  iire  the  c^tioe-bi  ch  ft«*d  tbe  red-bireh.  Only  tbres 
ppeci«fi  of  ctdftTS  are  kno^^n,  and  nil  three  of  ibem  grow  well  in  Cante'bury.  Tne 
Afrinan  ceJar  I  put  first ,  and  tben  tbe  sacred  cedar  of  India,  and  last  tbe  cedar  of 
L*ebiini>Ti. 

Cftitain  o^prpfis^s  nre  growing  well,  but  tbey  Buffer  from  some  dineaae,  oiher- 
wi*o  tbev  would  etand  very  biab  as  Ufi-'ful  trees  on  tVie  fHriu.  Cttprfssui  macro* 
eorpa,  if  planted  atone  arid  about  tw  i  ytirds  apart,  will  nm  up  into  straight 
poles,  and  are  ^ben  most  valuable,  tbe  larger  ones  for  po^tfi  and  iho  smaller  ones 
for  staken.  Otb*-r  rypr*^s^eB  dfiog  well  are  C,  Utnsmiiarta^  C.  ^^rttiosa,  C. 
benihaviinva,  and  G.  iitUktutiiis.  Several  of  the  Ptceds  are  grgwiug  weh,  and 
arc  the  tin  st  ornamental  of  all  the  tree^,  but  whett>er  tn^^y  will  ever  make  pro- 
fiiable  timbpr-tree»  or  not  U  as  yet  uricertain.  No  one,  bowover,  n^^alii  g  a 
pl&tiiation  s>  ould  leave  tt^eni  out  alt^tgflther.  The  bent  growers  are  Pic*o  fiord. 
fnanniana,  P.  pi7i*«f»o,  P.  ^aiidia,  P.  conador,  P.  bracfrata.  One  of  the  most 
b^AUiiful  is  P.  nobilis,  but  here  it  ftrowii  much  slowirr  than  tbe  al>  ve  named. 
The  rtd  juniper  groiA^s  we^l,  and  bss  an  advantage  over  many  of  tbe  iret^s,  in  that 
if  sheep  get  into  a  plantation  they  do  not  eat  it. 

TsB  Oak. 
Of  that  very  interestini;  family,  tbe  oak,  out  of  about  forty  species  growing 
here,  collected  from  almoac  every  land  where  they  are  known,  none,  in  my 
eatimatforTf  ^ill  prr^ve  suptrrior  to  (be  EngUsb  oak  for  general  plan  ting.  A  la^ge 
number  of  species  of  onks  are  evergrt eti,  some  of  tbtm  havii  g  leaves  almost  as 
large  a-*  this  laurpl.  Otberti,  again,  are  very  small.  In  my  collrclion  are  oaki 
from  both  the  eastern  ftnd  wmtern  siden  of  North  AmeiioA,  from  Japan,  frt-m 
Korth  India,  from  Lf-banm,  and  from  d»f!*re»»t  c 'Untries  of  Europe.  Tbe  cork- 
oak  from  tlie  south  of  Europe  groves  well  in  Cai/terbtiry,  and  &  tree  on  the  lawn 
near  tlie  My&e<>m  in  CuriHtchurcb  bad  tliis  year  a  g 'od  crop  of  acornfi.  After 
the  English  oak  tht^  folio  a  tug  may  be  mentiuned  as  likely  lo  give  satis  artion  to 
the  plnnter  :  The  Anicrjcau  red  and  Hcarlet  o^ksi  Ihe  CHlifornian  golden  oak 
{Qitereus  ehtysoiipL\)^  the  Jt^pur  e&e  oak  (Qturctta  ctispidaiti),  and  liie  cerk  osk 
already  mentioned.  There  are  also  one  or  t^wo  Himalajau  oaka  of  considerable 
promitea 

As  a  select  lot  of  elms,  the  following  mav  be  montioned  as  distinct :  Vlfnui 
ra-otiirseiuu,  the  Exe>er  elm,  Vtmun  crassifolia  {^hu  elm  is  almost  evergreen). 
Tne  slir^c'try  elm,  one  o£  tbe  Auierican  e^mti,  grows  i^ell,  as  doei*  the  Scotch 
elm.  Of  the  waluutR,  the  AmiricAU  black- wulnyt  sefms  best  ftdnpied  to  this 
climsle  for  growing  as  a  limber  tree.  I  have  not  mentioned  the  poplars,  but 
for  an  expos-  d  plnce  there  is  no  deciduous  tree  to  e^ual  the  upright  poplar  ; 
but  tbe  wood  iH  useless. 

Tiiero  are  manv  oihprFmall  ornamental  trees  that  might  be  mentioned  ai 
growing  frii-ly  well  hpr**,  but  I  will  reserve  tb»  m  foranoiber  paper,  Mnd  conclude 
this  by  spying  that  die  trees  that  will  be  depended  on  for  a  timber-supply  ia 
Canterbury,  I  hfivu  httio  doubr,  havn  b^eri  mentiuned  in  this  paper,  aUhough  it 
is  not  yet  quite  clear  which  tuey  sbould  he. 


i 


8HCTION  III. 


i 


THE  MINERAL  WATERS  OP  NEW  ZEALAND. 

[By  Abthue  S,  Wdhlmann,  M.D,,  Lond»,  Governtneiit  Baloeologiat.) 

New  Zealand  is  a  counttr  pectiUarly  rich  in  mineral  watered  and* 
as  might  be  expected  in  a  Jand  in  which  volcanic  agenciea  are  eiili 
active,  more  particularly  rich  in  thermal  waters  disiinguished  by  a 
very  high  temperature  rather  thau  by  a  high  percentage  of  dissohed 
salts,  thous|b  the  latter  class  of  water  is  by  no  means  absent.  The 
vast  majority  of  thermal  springs  are  found  in  the  North  Island,  and 
arise  over  a  very  large  area. 

Of  the^e  spriugs,  a  large  proportion  have  never  yet  been  analyaoj, 
many  are  known  only  to  a  few  individuals,  and  doubtless  many 
remain  to  be  discovered,  or,  if  known  at  all,  are  only  kno 
the  local  Maori  population,  Asufifioient  number,  however,  have 
been  examined  to  enable  a  very  fair  classification  of  the  whole 
attempted,  and,  as  wilt  be  seen  by  the  subjoined  tcLbles,  with  llie 
exception  of  the  sulphaled  waters,  there  are  few  of  the  more  im- 
portant types  of  mineral  water  that  are  not  represented  among  the 
springs  of  this  country. 

The  different  classes  of  mineral  water  have  a  rough  general  plin 
of  geographical  distribution,  so  that  the  probable  nature  of  a  spring 
may  to  a  certain  extent  be  inferred  by  its  position  on  the  map, 
though  this  is  a  rale  with  many  ex<jeptions,  and  the  point  must  not 
be  pressed  too  far.  Thus  in  the  central  pomice  plateau,  from  the 
south  of  Tatipo  to  Roborua  and  thence  on  to  the  Bay  of  Plenty,  iha 
vast  majority  of  the  springs  are  very  hot,  sulphuretted,  siliceous, 
and  weakly  mineralised  ;  while  along  the  east  coast,  from  the  £a!»k 
Cape  to  Cape  Palliser,  muriated  waters  of  high  specific  gravity,  and 
containing  iuditles,  predominate. 

The  following  classified  list  of  waters  ia  based  almost  entirely 
the  analyses  recorded  in  the  reports  of  the  Colonial  Mnseum 
Laboratorj%  poblished  by  the  Mines  Department,  between  the 
1874  and  1906,  and  of  these  a  large  proportion  of  the  more  important 
have  been  made  by  Dr.  Maclaurin  within  the  last  four  years.  On 
account  of  the  space  which  would  be  required  to  give  the  full 
detailed  analysis  of  each  specimen,  only  the  essential  and  charac- 
tens  tic  ingredients  are  given  here,  together  with  the  total  grains  par 
gallon  of  solid  constituents.  In  all  cases,  however,  in  which  the 
analyses  have  been  taken  from  the  above  reports,  the  year  ia  also 
given  to  facilitate  reference  should  fuller  details  be  required. 

For  further  informauoii  on  this  subject  the  reader  is  rsfsmd 
to  the  paper  by  Mr.  ^ .  Eke^  m  vt^t  Ttwi^^actions  of  the  New  Zm- 


■J 


THE    MnfBIUL   WATERS  OF   HEW    ZEAIiAKD. 


U7 


land  Institate,  1877,  to  Bevaral  published  pamphlets  by  Mr*  J,  A. 
Pond,  and  to  the  ariricle  by  Sir  Jarnes  Hector  in  the  Official 
Year-book,  1893.  The  names  Skey,  Pond,  and  Hector  at  the  hf*ad 
of  an  anaiysis  have  reference  solely  to  the  above-mentioned  papers. 

Owing  to  the  large  nuniber  of  their  contaiaed  in^edients,  a 
ecieotifia  classification  of  mineral  waters  is  a  very  difficnit  matter, 
and  all  the  methods  of  classili cation  usually  adopted  are  open  to 
criticism.  Under  Dr.  Peale*s  system  a  fair  amount  of  accuracy  is 
arrived  at,  but  only  at  the  price  of  a  cumbersome  and  uncouth  string 
of  adjectives;  while  in  the  simpler  systeco  which  is  usually  adopted 
by  English  writers,  and  which  I  have  for  convenience  followed 
here,  a  water  may  often  with  equal  justice  be  classified  under  two 
or  more  headings,  owing  to  its  containing  several  ingredients  of 
practically  equal  importance,  and  in  such  cases  a  compromise  has 
k>  be  adopted. 

For  purposes  of  comparison  a  well-known  example  of  a  Europeao 
mineral  water  is  given  with  each  class,  except,  of  course,  in  those 
rare  instances  in  which  a  haw  Zealand  water  has  no  corresponding 
Etiropeau  prototype. 


W 


Simple  Thebmal  Waters. 
These  waters  are  very  weakly  mineralised,  and  owe  their  thera- 
peutic value  chiefly  to  the  hot  water,  used  in  the  form  of  baths. 
That  some  of  the  most  famous  spas  in  the  world  are  supplied  only 
with  such  waters  sutfices  to  show  the  efficacy  of  hot  water  when 
Bkilfully  employed,  and  it  is  noteworthy  that  it  is  in  such  spas  that 
the  douche  treatment  ia  frequently  brought  to  a  pitch  of  great  per- 
fection. There  remains,  of  course,  the  still-disputed  point  as  to 
whether  these  waters  may  not  owe  their  efficacy  to  some  factors  not 
indicated  by  the  chemical  analysis  ;  and  recent  developments  in 
science  have  so  far  mooified  our  conceptions  of  the  nature  of  matter 
and  of  energy  that  a  dogmatic  expression  of  opinion  is  less  likely  to 

I  advanced  now  than  was  the  case  some  years  ago. 
Etmops. 


Total  oolidt 
Temperature 

*  •                ■  * 
« *                •  • 

Nsw  Zbalamd. 

•  • 

lai'^Fabr, 

Bod  i  um-chlonde 

BiUca      .. 
*            Tothl  flolidB 
^             Temperature 

Waittgaro  (1904), 

•  • 

6-13 

7-80 
9fl66 
130"  Fabr. 

^            Bod  i  am -bicarbonate 
^             Total  aot  Ida 
Temperature 

MataTnata  fl904). 

- 

38*10 
46-Ga 
i06"Piklir. 

gallon* 


Here,  a&d  throughout  thie  paper,  the  figurea  an  givoa  in  graini  pa  . 


618 


To  tat  sol  id  a 

Tomperftturd 

Cftloium-narbonftte  . 
Total  Bolidfi 


VBW    IBALANU    OFFICIAL    TBAE-BOOS 
Maruia  (1903). 


Mount  EgtfiotU  (1883)* 


Hurumd  (18S5). 
(Oomplele  atmljEia  not  ftTatlable.) 

FranM  Jouf  (1001). 
Total  eolida 

(Pdnclp&lljr  eodiam  obloride  and  earbonato.) 

Lake  Sumner,    (Sk«y,) 
Total  Bolids 
Temperature 

Miratuiat  Tbames*    (J.  A.  Pond.) 

Sodtum-chloride 

Tor  at  solids  . .  . .  ..  .« 

Temperature 

Katikati  (1904).    (Fidlft  also  *'  Miimted  Watert.' 
Sodiiim-chloride 
Total  soUda 


Sodium-chlrtHde 
Silica  and  mlioatei 
Total  Bolids 
Temperature 

Sodiam-ailioAte 
Total  solids 


Okormre^ 


Haupiri  (1901). 


366 
140^Fahr. 

6-72 
96  33 


56*21 


1856 
93*Palir. 


1517 
31-27 
134"*  Pabr, 

) 
119*54 

137*26 

17*18 

9-70 
42*3i 

lT3«PabT, 

7*3 
19*8 


MuKiATED  Waters. 

The  principal  ingredient  of  these  waters  is  commoo  salt.  Id 
this  couDtry  they  are,  in  the  majority  of  instances,  very  hot,  and 
are  used  both  for  baths  and  for  drinking  purposes.  In  the  former 
case  they  exert  a  stimulating  effect  on  the  nerve-endinj^s  in  the  skin  ; 
while,  taken  internaHy,  they  stimulate  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
gastro^iotestinal  tract,  and  have  a  diuretic,  and  sometimes  a  laxative, 
effect. 

No  use  has  been  hitherto  made  in  New  Zealand  of  the  concen* 
trated  vmUcriaxigca  so  much  u?ed  on  the  Continent  of  Europe^ 
though  indeed  some  of  the  waters  are  so  strong  naturally  as  to  need 
lictie  concentration  to  rival  these  **  raoiher-liquors  "  in  strength. 

Taken  as  a  whole,  they  consutute  an  important  and  numerous 
group,  and  are  distinguished  by  their  geographical  distribution  and 
by  certain  chemical  peculiarities.  Thus  the  great  majority  arise 
near  the  coast,  especially  the  east  coast  of  the  North  Island.  A 
great  number  of  the  waters,  too,  contain  very  considerable  quantities 
of  calcium-chloride  and  of  sodium-iodide,  so  that  the  muriated  waters 
fall  naturaily  mto  three  main  groups — those  containing  a  great  pre- 
ponderance of  sodium-cb bride,  those  in  which  calcium-chloride  is 


THB   MINSBAL   WATBB8   OF   NBW   ZBALAND.  619 

present  in  so  great  a  quantity  as  to  rival  or  even  surpass  the  sodium- 
chloride  in  importance,  and  those  in  which  sodium-iodide  is  present 
in  noticeable  quantities.  The  great  majority  of  the  second  class, 
however,  belong  also  to  the  third. 

Class  I.— Sodic  Muriatxd  Watsbs. 

BTTBOPE. 

Wiesbaden, 
Bodfnm-ohloride  . .  420 

Temperature  ..  100^  to  156®  Fabr. 

NEW   ZEALAND. 

HeUnsvilU  (1889,  1908).  {Vide  also  **  Iodide  Waters.*') 
Sodiam  chloride      ..  ••  ..       114*46 

Total  solids  . .  . .  . .  . .       134*68 

Temperature  ..  llS^to  146®Fahr. 

Hokianga  (1878).    (Pond.) 
Sodium-ohloride      ..  ..  ..    2797*4 

Total  soUds  ..     2937*5 

Hokianga,  Rotokakahi  (1905). 
Sodium  chloride  ..  ..     1850*0 

Total  solids  . .  . .     1543*0 

Patangata  (1902).     {Vide  also  **  Chalybeate"  and  ••Iodide  Waters.") 
Sodium  chloride  . .  . .       152*2 

Total  solids  ..  ..  ..  ..       176*4 

Waimate  (1883).    {Vide  also  **  Iodide  Waters.") 
Total  solids  ..        586*63  to  834*32 

Papaite,  Waoganui  (1886). 
Sodiumchloride  313-41 

Total  soLds  348*54 

PipiHki,  Wanganui  (1888). 

Spring  on  left  bank— Sodium-chloride  . .  121*88 

Total  solids       ..  ..  ..  ..  130*61 

Spring  on  rig*)t  bank— S9dium-ohl jride    . .  . .  231*64 

Total  solids       ..  ..  ..  ..  244*03 

Mokau,  Motukarama  (1888).     {Vide  also  •' Iodide  Waters.") 
Total  solids  ..  ..  ..844 

(Incomplete  analysis.) 

Kotuku,  Qreymouth  (1904).     {Vide  also  •*  Chalybeate  Waters.") 
Sodium-chloride  ..  ..       1G2-20 

Total  solids  ..  ..201*25 

Katikati  (1904). 
Sodium-chloride  ..  ..  119*54 

Total  solids  ..  ..  ..       137*26 

Whangaptf  Waikato.     (Skey.) 
Totol  solids  ..  ..  ..         47-04 

McLean* $,  Napier.    (Skey.) 
Total  solids  ..  ..  ••      444-7 

Mahurangi^  Auckland.     (Skey.) 
Total  solids  1410 


620 


NflW    SBALAKD    QPPIOIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


Cl^kW    II,  — CALrCtG'SomC   MlTBIATftD    WATERS. 

The  ne&rest  European   prototype  to  such  a  class  of  walefre  h 

Kreuznach. 


Csldum-chloridd 
Sodiuai'Ohloride 


1400 
700-0 


When  this  aod  similar  waters  are  evaporated  to  a  tnutterlau^B, 
as  is  so  frequently  done,  thereby  precipating  some  of  the  sodium- 
chloride,  and  leaving  a  concentrated  solntioo  of  the  chlorides  of 
magnesium  and  calcium  with  some  iodides,  a  striking  resemblance  is 
found  to  certain  of  the  New  Zealand  waters. 


KEW   SBALAin>* 


Kamhia  (1903). 
OAlcmm-ehloride 
Sodium-obloride 
Total  9olidfl 

Mataroa  (1903). 
Omiomm  olilorido     . . 
Scwiiiiin  chloride 
M  Agneui  um-chlorido 
Total  solids 


{Vide  9lao  **  lodidt  W«Un/') 


595-51 

4^55 

1040  76 


{Vide  Also  "Iodide  WA(«rg/*) 


128S1 
16S525 

1849-48 


Okain's  Bay  (1904).     (Vide  also  "Cliftl>boatQ  Waters.'^) 
Tbifi  IB  an  ar tifioLal  spring  of  cold  water  obtnined  from  a  bore  sunk  into  i% 
reoenb  aoil  of  a  rapidiy  i«iki£tg-up  bay,  and  i^  remarkablo  for  tbe  uoUBuatly  laigo 
amoutit  of  iron  in  aoiution. 

Caloriam-ohtonde       .*  ..  ,,  ..       468*5 

Sodium-ohlondi}        ,  *  . .  . ,  *  *       9^55 

Magneaitim  cblorid«  *»  ..  '*       264  8 

Ferrous  bicarbooate  . .  . .  . .         26'1 

Total  Bollds  ..  ..  ..  ..     1128-9 


Totoro,  Mokau  Biver  (1905). 

{Vide  alio  <' Iodide 

Waters.  *•) 

Calciumcbloride 

., 

..       6810 

Botiiiiin -chloride 

, , 

^  ^ 

. .       784-0 

Total  solida 

t. 

.. 

..     149$'0 

Morere  {1903,  1905)>      (Vtds  also 

*^  Iodide  Wtk%mrj                 j 

Caloium-o  bio  ride      ,. 

, 

.  * 

..       694  78 

Sod ni m  obi 0 ride 

, 

• ,     1249  67          1 

Total  iolida 

, 

, , 

. ,     189y-60 

Temporatura 

. 

.. 

ISO^'Fahf* 

Te  Puia  (1906).     {Vid* 

alio  «' 

Iodide 

Walen.")                      \ 

Calmum-chl  iride      , . 

>  < 

..       153  40          1 

Sodium  chloride 

, 

•  • 

.•       807  75 

ToLal  Bolida 

, 

^ , 

. .       978  69 

Temperature 

, 

.. 

150°Fahr. 

Kopticwhara,  Mahia  (1885), 

(Vide  i 

ilfto  ^'Iodide 

Watere,*') 

Calcium-chlonde 

, 

• » 

. .       177-82 

Bodium-ohlodde 

, 

•  • 

,,    1027 -ca 

Total  Bolida 

. 

.. 

.,     124166 

Great  Bairrier  hlatui 

(1904). 

Oaleium-ehlonde 

, 

. .       108  75 

Sodiuoi-cbloride 

, 

..       79150 

Total  Kohds 

, 

. . 

.,       98523 

Temperature 

. 

.. 

19U°Paiir. 

THB   MIMWBAri   WATBB8  OF  NBW  iSBAI^IllD.  6S1 

Pahaua,  Wellington  (Skey;  also  1878).  {Vide  also  '*  Iodide  Watara/') 
Oalcium-chloride  ..       13088 

Sodium-ohloride  ..  ..     1808*82 

Total  solids  ..  ..     1474*09 

Kotuku,  Greymouth  (borehole),  (1904). 

Caleiam  ohloride,  sulphate,  and  btoarbonaia               • .  458*3 

Bodi  urn- chloride                                                             ..  5184  0 

Total  solids                                 ..                                  .^  5986*8 

Wallingford,  WelUngton  (Skay).    {V4d§  also  "Iodide  Waters.") 
Total  soUds  ..      896'0 

Class  IIL — Iodidb  Hubiatbd  Watebs. 

Iodine  is  foand  in  these  waters  combined  usually  with  sodium*or 
magnesium  ;  in  addition  there  is  generally  present  a  certain  and 
varying  amount  of  free  iodine.  The  amount  of  iodide  present  is 
seldom  more  than  about  2  5  grains  per  gallon,  but  even  this  small 
quantity  exceeds  the  amount  present  in  most  similar  European 
waters,  one  of  the  richest  of  whioh,  Heilbrun  (Bavaria),  is  given  here 
for  comparison. 

The  therapeutic  value  of  such  minute  quantitiBs  of  iodide  has 
been  much  questioned,  though  Neisser  has,  on  the  other  hand, 
pointed  out  the  potent  effect  on  human  metabolism  of  minute 
quantities  of  iodine  in  thyroid  extract.  There  remains  the  possi- 
bility, however,  that  the  essentially  active  factor  in  these  waters  is 
not  the  iodide  but  the  free  nascent  iodine,  which  is  almost  always 
present.  The  pungent  smell  of  this  mineral  may  generally  be 
detected  for  some  distance  round  the  source  of  an  iodide  spring,  and 
where  the  thermal  water  is  broken  up  by  a  fall  into  a  spray  or 
douche,  under  which  circumstances  free  iodine  seems  to  be  liberated, 
the  odour  is  unmistakably  strong.  It  is  conceivable  that,  quite 
apart  from  the  iodine  that  is  taken  into  the  system  when  the  water 
is  drunk,  quite  an  appreciable  amount,  and  that  in  a  highly  active 
condition,  may  be  inhaled  with  the  water  vapour  and  spray  by  the 
bather. 

SUBOPBAN. 

Heilbrun  (Bavaria). 

Sodinm-ohloride      ..                ..  ..       348*0 

Sodium- bicarbonate                                     ..  630 

Sodium- bromide                        ..                ..  ..          8*5 

Sodium-iodide                                              . .  . .          9*1 

NBW  ZEALAITD. 

Morere,  (1903,  1905). 
Sodinm-iodide  3-7 

Total  solids  ..  ..  ..     1858*07 

(Also  sufficient  free  iodine  to  tinge  the  water  light -brown). 

Kawhia  (1903). 

Sodium  iodide         ..  ..  0*47 

Bromides  Trace 

Total  solids  ..     1040*76 


632 


VBW    ■■▲LAND   OrriCIAL    TSAB-BOOK. 
MaUunm  (1908). 


Bodlum.Mide 
Toial  Bolidfl 

187 
1848  48 

Pahaua  (1878 ;  also  Bkey). 
MAgnesium-iodide  .. 
Kl  agneHum-bromid* 
loiline  ifree) 
Total  bolids 

0-683 

TfNces 

1  695 

1434  096 

Kppwnokara,  IXahU  (1886). 
MaffnoBium-iodide  .. 
Total  solids 

3-98 
1341-65 

Whareama,  Masfterton  (1889). 
Iodides  .. 
Total  solids 

0.81 
816*86 

KaUi,  QUborna  (190S). 
Sodium-ioilide 
Total  solids 

(This  spring  is  now  practieally  dtied  up.) 

Totoro  (1905). 
Iodine  not  estimated. 
Total  soUds 

40 
768-8 

1496-0 

Patan^ata  (190S). 
Potassi  u  m-iodide 
Total  solids 

0-5 
177-0 

TTatmote  (1888). 
lodina  (free  and  combined) 
Total  solids 

HelemvaU  (1903). 
Sodium  iolide 
Total  solids 

1-98 
586  63 

0-03 
134  68 

Te  Puia  (1906). 
Sf'diiim-iodide 
Total  bolids 

1-41 
97869 

Tarawera,  Taupo  District.     (Skey.) 
Iodine   .. 
Toial  sjlids 

0714 
99-95 

Parke's  SpHiig,  Taupo  District.     (Skey.) 
Iodine    .. 
Toial  solids 

1-01 
300-78 

Otnmnheha,  Taupo  District.     (Skey). 
Iodine  not  estimated. 
T.talBohdd 

13-88 

Ruahine,  Taupo  Distrioc.     (Skey). 
Iodine  not  estimated. 
Total  solids 

152-31 

Orakeikorako,  Taupo  District.     (Skey). 
Iodine  not  estimated. 
Total  solids 

84-86 

Orakeikorako  (Alum  Gave).     (Skey.) 
Iodine  not  estimated. 
Total  solids 

56-47 

THB   lONBBAIi    WATERS   OF  NEW   ZEAI»AND. 


Mc\fitrtuy*s^  Taupo  District*     (Skej.) 
Iodine  not  estimattd, 
TotaUoLiaa  ,.  ,.  ..  ..         88*12 

T€  fiuknhuka,  TskUpo  DUlriol.     (Skey,) 
Iodine  not  estimated. 
Total  solid*  ..  ,,  ,.  13*81 

Burton's^  Taipo  DiHtriot,     (Skej.) 
( Anal y SIB  incomplete*) 
WaUittgford,  Wulliogton,     (Skej.^ 
Iodides  and  bromldee  not  estimated. 
Total  solidB  . .  . ,  . .  626*0 

McLean' 9 ,  If  a  pier,     (Skey.) 
lodidefi  and  bromides  not  esti mated. 
Total  solids  , .       Ul'7 

Simple  AleaiiIne  Watbrs. 

The  principal  ingredient  in  these  waters  is  scKiium-bicarboaate, 
and  if  sodium-el ilorifie  is  present,  it  is  so  only  in  a  trifling  amount. 
There  is  also  generally  present  a  considerable  amount  of  carbonic- 
acid  gas.  Such  waters  are  not  common  in  this  country,  the  only 
eharactertstic  one,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  being  Puriri. 

Taken  internally  they  ace  as  antacids  and  diuretics,  and  promote 
the  biliary  secretion.  They  are  useful  in  certain  forms  of  gout,  but 
are  more  suitable  for  robust  than  for  debilitated  subjects. 

There  are  no  waters  of  this  class  used  as  baths  in  New  Zealand. 


Sod  i  11  m  -  b  Ic  arbonate 
Temperature 

Puriri, 
B'dinm-liicarbonatQ 
Total  solids 
Temperature 


Edeope. 
Vtehy. 


Nbw  Zralahd. 

{Vide  also  *•  Table  Waters/*) 


. .       S500 
89°  to  108'*  Fahr. 


452-39 
537  11 

eO^-Fabr. 


^^Hft^  MtJRIATED   AlKALINB   WaTEBB, 

^^^^Tn  these  waters  considerable  quantities  of  sodium -chloride  are 
I  present  with  the  bicarbonate,  and,  while  they  are  useful  in  the  same 
'  class  of  cases  as  the  lastj  they  are  generally  believed  to  be  less 
"  lowering." 

EUBOPBAN. 

Ems, 
Sodium-cMnTida 
&  d'limbicarboDate 
Ttmpeiature 

N»w  Zealaud. 
Tb  Aroha.     (1903,  1904, 1996.) 
Bodinm- chloride 
Sod  i  um '  bi  car  Oon  ate 
Total  solids 
Temperature 


Aft  u^feij  mtrr  jviffsi.  x:«e  ccZz^^ased  wwsam  aie  ■taiudj  r^ire- 
«£.>si  ::r.  5^^^  Zf^A^rt  i^  ocJj  ^TigrrA*,  k>  iar  as  I  Am  aw«R, 
Cftc^  i£ie  KCie^ixfcS  ifiiBti'iiiii  Onmm  iSmw  wicr,  liigMj  dassed 

Tom  vaa«r.  -mbcjs  oaasmtDDm  aa  an  i  ■iMiiiiii^  praporaoo  oi 
eraurj^.  fsor^vt^zm  a^ao  a  iMidenaa  airaosaft  al  magpiainia  aniphaiw, 
May  aeacc  of  viij&.  acnveiw,  wmM  he  aabaBinaie  to  that  ii  the 


St-0 
TwpMKsfc    ~  SB-Ahx. 


SCV  ZXAIASD. 

OS^on'i  Bay  il9M). 

Kodi'sm.  maccesiiBci,  aud  raVrnm  rhWirtM  . .     1089-8 

MatoMAi'mi'UHfibMSJt  7S-0 

TouJicLd*  ..     11S8-9 

(Cdd  tpring.) 

The  Calcabeous  ob  Eabtht  Watkb8. 
New  Zealand  ig   poor  in   springs  of  this  class,  calciam.  when 
pretMrnt  in  any  quantity,  being  geoenlly  in  the  form  of  the  chlorida 

EUBOPS. 

C«lciaiD'«n]pbAte    ..  106-0 

Cfttciam-bkarbonMa  88*0 

Nkw  Zsai^vd. 

ITatron^oa.   (Fuitf  alio  **  Table  Watei».") 

Oiieioin-b{carboDa(«  ..  67-86 

M«|^ncfii  am- bicarbonate  35*89 

Total  tolidt  . .  163*75 

Kamo.    {Vid4  alio  '•  Table  Waten.**) 

Caleiom-biearbonate  67-68 

MMnfttltun-bicarbooate  17-06 

B"dium  bicarbonate  88*64 

Total  tolide  164*86 


thb  lohbbal  watxb8  of  nxw  ebaland.  626 

Chalybbatb  Watbbb. 
Therapeutically  the  most  important  of  these  waters  are  those 
containiag  the  hicarbonate  of  iron  and  free  carbonic-acid  gas.  Many 
of  the  chalybeate  springs  of  New  Zealand  contain  large,  and  some- 
times enormous,  quantities  of  the  sulphate,  and,  while  these  are 
noted  here,  they  are,  except  as  baths,  of  little  practical  use  so  far  as 
the  iron-salt  is  concerned.  The  ferrous  bicarbonate,  on  the  other 
hand,  is  easily  assimilated,  especially  when  associated  with  carbonic- 
acid  gas;  while  it  is  to  the  presence  of  this  gas  that  baths  of  such 
waters  owe  their  stimulating  properties. 

EUBOPS. 

Sehwalbaeh. 
Ferrous  bioarbouaie  6'6 

Temperature  Cold 

Nsw  Zealand. 

Waittingi,  Botoeha  (1908,  1904). 

Ferrous  bicarbouate  0*5 

Total  solids  ..  ..        58-78 

Tsmperature  ..  190°Fahr. 

(Free  efferrsBoence  of  carbonic  aoicl.) 

Kamo. 
Oxide  of  iron  (present  in  the  spring  as  bioai^nato)  . .  0-S8 

Total  solids  ..  ..      164*86 

Kotuku,  Greyxnoath  (1904). 
Ferrous  bicarbonate  . .  4*10 

Total  solids  ..  ..  ..  201-25 

Okain'i  Bay  (1904).    (Vide  also  «« Muriated  Waters.") 
Ferrous  bicarbonate  26*7 

Total  solids  ..  ..     1128*9 

Patangata  (1902). 
Ferrous  bicarbonate  0*6 

Total  solids  176*4 

Aorangi,    (Skey.) 
Ferrous  bicarbonate  . .  0*94 

Total  solids  ..  ..  ..        18-75 

Paeroa  (1905).  (Vide  also  **  Table  Waters.") 
Ferrous  bicarbonate  1-6 

ToUl  solids  ..       167-8 

Free  carbonic  acid  . .  26*0 

Temperature  80°  Fahr. 

Waiwera.    (Vide  also  •*  Muriated  Alkaline  Waters.") 
Ferrous  bicarbonate  0-686 

Total  solids  ..  ..  219-558 

Taupo  Waterg. 

Iron  Spring  f  Terraces  (1905). 

Ferrous  bicarbonate  0-28 

TotHl  solids  ..  ..  ..         63-04 

Carbonic  acid  . .         16*9 
Temperature  120*  Fahr 


626  MBW  ZMAXJL3SID  OFVIOIAL  TBAB-BOOK. 

Soda-vfoUr  Spntig,  Tsmoet  (1906). 

Ferrous  bioarboDAte  0*8i 

Tout!  so  ids  64-19 

CnrboDic  acid  47-70 

Temperaiure  Cold. 

<«  Arunie  Spring,*'  the  Spa  (1905). 

Ferrons  bioarbonate  0-56 

Toud  solids  52-52 

(This  spring  confeaiDs  no  arsenlo.) 

WairakH  WaUra, 

Dml'8  Ey€^la$»  (1906). 

Ferrons  bicarbonate  1*20 

Total  solids  ..  117-25 

Th4  BoiUn  (1905). 

Ferrous  bicarbonate  1-12 

Total  solids  ..  ..       100-77 

(These  last  two  waters  are  soaroely  potable.) 

Waioiapu. 
Cbalybeate  waters  exist  here,  but  so  far  no  potable  speoimens  have  bsso 
analysed. 

Rotomahana  '*  Iodine  Spring**  (1904).    (Contains  no  iodine.) 
Ferrous  bicarbonate  0-62 

Total  solids  ..  ..       157*79 

Temperature  .,  ..  212*Fahr. 

Motu,  Gisbome  (1904). 
Ferrous  sulphate     . .  . .  44*68 

Total  Bolids  . .  . .  . .       379*31 

White  Island.    (Skey.)     (Vide  also  "Add  Waters.") 
Ferrous  Hulphate  ,  ..  ..     1059*0 

Total  solidH  ..   13638*0 

Temperature  212^  Fahr. 

WhaU  Island.     (Pond.) 
Ferrous  sulphate     . .  . .  9-33 

Total  BolidH  . .  . .  . .       250*30 

Temperature  1^^  Fahr. 

Abbotsfordy  Otago  (1882).     (Analysis  incomplete.) 
Ferrous  sulphate 
Total  Bolids  . .  804*0 

Akatio,  Wellington.     (Skey.) 
Iron  and  alumina   . .  . .  . .  . .  0*93 

Total  solids  ..  ..  ..  ..         87*65 

OnetaptL    (Skey.) 
Ferrous  chloride  not  estimated. 

Total  solidB  ..  456-0 

Bay  of  Islands.     (Skey!) 
Iron-oxide  . .  2-23 

Total  solids  . .  . .  134*62 

Amberley,  Canterbury.    (Hector.) 

Total  solids  03-6 

(Cold  Kpriug.) 


L 


^^I^^P  THE    bflNBHAL   WATEHA    OP   NI^W    ZEALAND.  637 

Rfiiorua  Water  a. 
The  mftjnrtty  of  theee  eonUin  iron,  but,  a<>  thn  is  fiol  an  Imporifint  ft^nd 
ciseiiiial  leatuire  of  iheie  waierii,  two  on>y  are  given  iii  typed  at  tha  rtifit. 

Bachcl  Spring.     (Hector.) 
Trrn  nnd  lilumlDft  oxides  ,.  .,  2*41 

ToiAlsoiidfl  ..  ..  ..  131-34 

Pdftrrmiftfr  Spriitg  (1906K 
Ferrous  Rnlpfaftte     . ,  , .  , .  . .  0  59 

TotAl  aoLds  . ,  . .         86-81 

Bdlphur  Waters. 

This  is  a  very  important  but  Rome  what  iil-define^l  group,  charac- 
terized by  the  presence  of  sulphi  ies  in  sufficient  quantity  to  j^n've  a 
very  noiiceable  odour  to  the  water.  In  Europe,  as  a  {general  rule, 
these  waters  are  only  feebly  inineralised,  the  other  ingredients  of 
the  water  being  comparatively  ununportanc.  In  New  Zealand, 
while  this  rule  holds  good  for  the  majority  of  the  sulphur  waters, 
yet  there  is  a  veiy  important  class,  of  which  the  acid  waters  of 
Boicftia  may  be  taken  as  a  type,  in  which,  while  the  sulphides  are 
very  much  in  evidence,  other  mgredients  have  a  considerable  aod 
sometimes  a  very  much  greater  importance. 

As  compared  with  the  other  mineral  waters  of  New  Zealand, 
there  is  ao  overwhelming  prepumierance  of  sulphur  waters,  both  in 
the  number  of  springs  and  in  the  amount  of  outflow.  All  are  hot 
and  all  are  siliceous. 

The  great  bulk  of  these  springs  arise  in  the  volcanic  region 
stretching  from  the  central  volcanoes  of  the  North  Island  north- 
ward to  the  Bay  of  Plenty,  and,  indeed,  right  out  to  sea  to  White 
Island. 

The  vast  majority  of  these  waters  have  not  yet  been  analysed, 
but  from  the  great  numbpr  of  specimens  that  have  already  been 
examined  a  very  fair  estimate  may  be  ma^le  of  the  whole. 

It  is  usual  to  draw  a  distinction  between  those  sulphur  waters 
containing  nmrked  quantifies  of  Bodium*Bu]phide,  and  those  con- 
taining  only  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  and  special  therapt^utic  effet  ts 
have  been  attributed  to  the  former  class.  While  admitting  the 
distinction,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  frequently  the  second 
represents  only  a  phase  of  the  first,  and  that,  owing  to  the  very 
rapid  deconj position  of  sofiium'sulphide  on  exposure  to  air,  analysis, 
unless  performed  at  the  spring,  is  apt  to  show  only  sulphuretted 
hydrogen,  feulplmr,  and  ami ium -carbon ate. 

The  sulphur  waters  may  be  divided  iuto  two  main  classes,  the 
alkaline  or  neutral,  and  the  acid* 

CtASS  I,-^The  Ai^alimb  Sulphur  Watkbs. 

For  the  most  part  the  specific  gravity  of  these  waters  is  not 
high,  the  largest  ingredient  being  usually  chloride  of  sodium,  and 
the  alkalinity  not  stiong. 

For  ail  practical  purposes  their  most  marked  characteristic  is 
the  amount  of  silicate  they  contain,  and  it  is  this  ingredient  wtiioh 


636 


jrsw  zKAULNp  orrictAL  t&as-book. 


gives  to  the  alkaline  waters  of  the  Botorua  district  their  pecnliarW 
bU.nd  and  satiny  feel,  and  which  makes  them  so  valaabls  for  bath 
purposes.  A  similar  cotiditioti  causes  the  **  unciaons  **  eensatiottof 
the  sources  savowteuses  at  Plombi^res. 

Of  the  therapeutic  acnon  of  the  silioates  little  is  known  :  taken 
internally,  it  has  been  asserted  that  they  exercise  a  solvent  action  on 
the  urates  in  gout,  and.  used  externally,  an  antiseptic  action  on  the 
skin  (Felix) ;  but  however  this  may  be,  it  is  quite  oertain  that  io 
strong  solution  they  constitute  most  bland  and  se^iative  baths. 

As  the  highly  siliceous  waters  shade  off  imperceptibly  into  the 
less  siliceous,  it  has  not  seemed  convenient  to  make  them  a  separate 
class,  and  they  are  therefore  all  included  here  under  the  term  "  sgU 
phur  waters/' 

EUBOFE. 

Aaehtn  {Aixla-ChapeJU). 
Sodium  chloride    .♦ 
&>dium  carbonate 
Bodiitm  and  hydrogen  stilphidM, 
TetDferaiur« 

New  ZcALAin>< 
Rachel  UpHng,  Botorua,     (Hector.) 
Bodlum  chloride  . . 

Bilioates  of  fiodium,  caloium,  and  magneaium 
Silica     ., 
Total  eoUds 

Carbonic  acid  and  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 
Temperature 

Under  this  heading  come,  with  the  exception  of  certain  muddy 
geysers  of  the  type  of  Waiinango,  practically  the  whole  of  the  springs 
in  the  **  Thermal  District  '*  winch  exhibit,  or  tend  to  exhibit,  geyser 
action.  Thus  \^ould  he  included  many  springs  at  Tokaanu,  the 
Taupo  geysers,  the  springs  of  the  Geyser  Valley  at  Wairakei,  and 
the  Whakarewarewa  and  Ohiuenmtu  geysers.  A  certain  number  of 
these  are  given  as  types  of  tiie  resb. 

Many  of  these  waters  contain  so  very  little  sulphide  that  they 
jniglit  with  equal  justice  be  clasded  under  tho  heading  of  ''  Simple 
Thermal  Waters/'  or  of  *'  Muriated  Waters,"  but  for  convenience 
they  are  placed  all  together  here. 

Oil  Bath,*  Eotorua  DUtriot,    {Sltey.J 
Silloa  and  fiiU''ate8 
Sodium-ohloride  , . 
Total  iolids 

Spout  Bath,'  Kotorna  Disfcriot.    (Bkty.) 

Sod  inm-ei  ilea  tea  .. 
Sod  turn -chloride 
'Total  tolids 

Kuirau,  Botorua  Distriot.     (Skej,) 
Silicates 
godium-oiilatide 
Total  tolids 


1820 

118^  to  waf"  w^[. 


69-49 
96  M 

iiti 

131*34 

IW  Fahi. 


290 

66  34 

104*54 

1633 
6361 
87^8 


4670 

79-a5 


THB   MIHBRAL  WATERS   OF  NHW   ZEALAND.  699 

T$  Kaukm^  Botoraa  Dwtriot.    (Skey.) 

8odiam-«ilicato       ..                ..                                 ..  83*12 

Total  solids              . .                . .                . .                . .  73*78 

Waihunuhunukuri  (Lake  House),  Botoma  Diairict.    (Heotor.) 

Toial  solids              ..                ..                ..                ..  58*4 

Waikite,^  Botonia  District  (1904). 

Bodium-ohloride                        ..                                  ..  38*75 

Sodimn-bioarbonate  20*08 

Silica  34*88 

Total  solids                                                  ..                ..  90*28 

MaHuUongat'  Rotoraa  DIstiiot.    (Hector.) 

Sodiam-chloridc                                          ..  66*44 

Sodinm-silioafce                         ..                ..  29*27 

Total  solids              . .                . .  113*27 

Hanmsr,  South  Island. 

Sodium-chloride  62*09 

Total  solids                                ..                 ..                ..  77*38 

Oaeec — Salphoretted  hydrogen  and  methuie. 

Temperatnre                                              ..  llS^Fahf. 

Crow's  Nest  Qsys&r*  Taupe  Dietriet.    (Hector.; 

Total  solids                                ..                ..                ..  158*6 

Witches'  Cauldron,*  Taapo  District.    (Hector.) 

Total  solids               ..                 ..                ..                 ..  166  4 

Waiariki,  Taupo  District.    (Hector.) 
Total  solids  ..  ..86*4 

Top  Spring,  Terraces,  Taupo  District  (1905). 

Sodium-chloride                        ..                ..                ..  48*66 

Toial                         ..                ..                 ..                ..  105*80 

Temperature           ..                ..                ..                ..  184®Fahr. 

South  Bay  Spring,  Terraces,  Taupo  District  (1905). 

Sodium-chloride      ..                ..                                  ..  56*10 

Total      ..                ..                ..                ..                ..  107-72 

Temperature            ..                ..                ..                ..  ISO^Fahr. 

A.C.  Bath,  Spa,  Taupo  DUtrict  (1905). 

Total                         ..                ..                ..                ..  46-48 

Temperature            . .                . .                . .                . .  lOSP  Fahr. 

Old  Sulphur  Spring,  Spa,  Taupo  District. 

Total                                           ..                ..                ..  63*79 

Temperature            ..                ..                ..                ..  135'' Fahr. 

Champagne  Pool,*  Wairakei  (1906). 

Sodium- chloride                        ..                ..                ..  195*80 

Total                                            ..                                   ..  242*68 

Red  Coral  Gsffs^r,*  Wairakei  (1905). 

Sodium-chloride                        ..                ..                ..  89*85 

Total                                                              ..  100*77 

Omupokapoka,  Onepu  (1904). 

Total  constituents  ..                ..                ..                 ..  116*82 

Temperature                               . .                . .                . .  180°  Fahr. 

Manupirua,  Rotoiti  (1904). 

Total  solids               . .                                                      . .  44*91 

Temperature             . .  106°  Fahr. 

*Tbe  surface  temperature  of  these  Hprings,  which  exhibit  more  or  leas  ge^aer  action^ 
is  the  boiling-point.  Their  temperature  apparently  inoreases  directly  as  toe  distance 
below  the  surface  at  which  it  is  taken. 


6M 


KBW    ESALAKD   OFFICIAL    TBAR-SOOE. 


Glass  II.— Acid  Sui^pacnt  Watsbb. 

With  the  exception  than  they  are  much  more  siliceous,  the  alka- 
line sulphur  waters  bear  a  fairly  close  resemblance  to  numeroTis 
sulphur  waters  in  Europe;  but  for  a  type  of  the  acid  sulphur  waters 
we  have  to  look  to  America,  there  being  no  waters  of  this  nature 
used  at  the  European  spas.  The  nearest  European  approach  to  the 
acid  baths  of  New  Zealand  is  to  be  found  iu  the  "  peat  baths  "  of 
Austria,  which  contain  free  sulphuric  and  formic  acids  and  sulphate 
of  iron. 

The  action  on  the  peripheral  circulation  of  the  strongly  acid  baths 
of  Rofcorua  is  most  marked.  The  skin  becomes  intensely  injected, 
there  is  a  corresponding  unloading  of  the  deep  veins,  and  the  general 
circulation  is  improved.  At  the  same  time  the  nerve-ending5  in  ihe 
skill  are  stimulated  ;  so  that,  provided  the  immersion  is  not  too  pro- 
longed, the  sensiition  of  the  barber  is  one  of  general  exhilaration. 
The  use  of  such  baths  io  chronic  deep-seated  oongesiions,  and  in  paio 
and  fiiiffiiess  of  muscular  and  fibrous  structures,  is  oovious>  The 
large  quantities  of  ahim  usually  present  with  the  acids,  and  the  free 
gases  in  t)ie  water,  ako  help  to  stimulate  the  skin.  These  waters 
are  not  used  for  drinkmg  purposes. 

Rotanut  Acid  WaUrt, 


6r>diiiin-9ii1pbate  . . 

A I  u  m  i  tj  ium -su  I  p  hate 

Silica 

Sulpbur  c  acid  (free) 

Cirboiiic  acid  (free) 

Bulptnireittd  hydrogen 

Toiftl 

Temporatare 

There   are  innumerable 


PoatmaiVer  Buth 

Priest  Balh 

Spring  (iDOfi). 

Spriug  (1906} 

, ,       14  25 

10-85 

,.        15*{K) 

9  60 

,.        15-10 

la  10 

. .       22-29 

3-77 

..     a8*a4 

40  00 

,.       )3-09 

500 

. .     128  74 

97*49 

. .       \W  Fahr. 

105^  Fa 

springs   in  the 


SiilpViur  Point 

6iTJiiB  (J906K 

18-10 

810 

20  20 

4*46 

2Sa 

019 

81-95 

\         160**  Fahr. 

central  Rotorua  group, 


along  the  foreshore  of  Lake  Rotorua,  which  conform  to  the  type  of 

the  **  Priest**    and  ** Postmaster  "  Springs.     Of  these  the  first  two 
on  the  following  list  may  serve  as  examples  i — 

Wmkupapapa. 

HydrocbloHo  a43{d  (frer)           ..                 ..                 ..  7*49 

fitilphuricooid  (free)                  ..                  ..                 ..  4*29 

Total  Bolidi                                 . .                  .  *                    .  56  45 


Hydro chlorio  aoid  (free) 
Eutphuric  aoid  {free) 
Total  BOlidfl 


N^aruapuia, 


Hydronbloric  acid 
Total  boIMb 
Ttrmptrature 

fiulphurio  t%cid 
Total  lobda 
Tempt*ralure 


Whiu  liUtnd  (Skey). 


Whale  Island  (Pond). 


676 
SU 

59-50 

9517-0 
13638  0 

212^  Fahr, 

189-32 
250-80 

198*  Falir, 


THB   MINSBAL  WATSB8   OF   NSW   ZBAItAND.  631 


Roiokavfa  {Black  Wat€r),  Taopo.    (Hector). 

Hydrooblorio  aoid    . . 

(fri^) 

Tutal 

142-4 

Temperature 

19i»Pahr. 

Hydrochlorio  acid  .. 

(free) 

Total      .. 

1760 

Temperature 

152»  Fahr. 

WAIBAKKI. 

Practically  all  springs  of  the  Kiriohinekoi  Valley  are  more  or 
less  acid :  two  are  given  as  types. 

D€v%r8  Eye-gUus  (1905).    {Vid€  also  **  Chalybeate  Waters.") 
Snlphuric  acid  (free)  2*80 

Catbonic  aoid  (free)  7-10 

Total  bolids  117*25 

Ths  BoUert  (1905).     (Vide  also  **  Chalybeate  Waters.*') 
Salphurio  aoid  (free)  4*50 

Carbonic  Aoid  (free)  7*50 

Totkl  solids  100*77 

WAIOTAPU. 

Strongly  acid  waters  also  exist  here,  bat  have  not  yet  been  fully 
analysed.  For  the  most  part  they  appear  to  be  aluminous  and 
chalybeate. 

Ahbotsford,  Otago  (1882). 
Sulphuric  acid  (free,  and  oombined  with  iron)  . .      191*87 

Total  solids  804*01 

Class  II1.~Muddy  Watbbs. 

There  remains  a  subclass  of  the  sulphur  waters  which  consists 
of  mineral  water  containing  large  quaniiiies  of  highly  sihceous  mud 
in  suspension.  The  importance  of  these  waters  lies  in  the  fact  chat 
they  are  greatly  utilised  for  mud  baths. 

Some  of  them  contain  free  mineral  acids,  others  are  neutral,  or 
only  give  an  acid  reaction  from  the  amount  of  free  carbonic-acid 
gas  they  contain.  Typical  examples  of  the  former  are  the  "  Coffee- 
pot" and  the  "Cameron"  Springs,  and  of  the  latter,  the  "  Sulphur 
Point  Mud  Spring,'*  all  of  Rotorua. 

Coffee'pot, 

Sodium-sulphate 
Hxdrocblorio  aoid  (free) 
Bulphuric  acid  (free) 
Total 

Cameron. 
Sodium- sulohate 
Uydrooliloiic  acid  (free) 
loud      .. 

Sulphur  Poini  (1906). 
Sodium  chloride 
Sodium-silicate 
Carbonic  acid  (free) 
Total 


23-71 
7*66 
7*60 

60*19 

44*54 
5-1^2 
80*5 

80*85 

26ao 

14-90 
141*72 

63S 


KBW    SSALAND   OPFfCIAL    TKAA-BOOK, 


Below  13  given  an  analysis  (1906)  of  the  muddy  deposit  aroand 
thiB  Bptingt  from  which,  and  from  similar  material^  the  mud  baths 
of  Kotorua  principally  are  made.      It  consists  mainly  of  silica,  and 
1  is  noticeable  in  contaitntig  both  gold  and  silver.     On  accouni  of  its 

L         interest,  I  have  given  Di\  Maclaunn's  analysis  in  full. 

^^  Silica      .. 

^^L^^  AlumiuA 

^^^^H  Tiunmni'Oxide 

^V      sis 


Li  mo 

Magoeslft 

Bod  A  and  potftsli 

S)»^pbur  (oombioed) 

Sulphur  (free) 

OfKauio  milt  tec 

Water 


69-30 
4-52 
200 
058 
1  00 
0-10 

1 -ao 

1*40 

eo9 

10-01 
3*70 


I 


'  Microscopic  examination  of  the  deposit*  showed  that  it  con- 
sisted mainly  of  quartz  and  amorphous  silicar  with  a  htile  felspar. 
The  mud  also  coniains  5  grains  of  gold  and  6dwt.  1  grain  of  silver 
per  ton." 

•  **  BuBpended  In  ike  water.** 


Arsenioal  Watsbb. 

There  are  no  complete  analyses  yet  avaiJable  of  arsenical  waters 
in  New  Zealand,  though  arsenic  is  known  to  exist  in  minute  qaan- 
tities  in  some  of  the  Taupo  springs,  and  in  one  or  two  it  is  said  to  be 
80  abundant  as  to  poison  horsea  which  drink  the  waters*  The  so- 
called  **  Arsenic  Spring*'  at  the  Spa  contains  no  arsenic. 


EUBOPM. 

La  BourtouU. 


Sodium  arseaiate 
Toial  euhdft 


New  Zkaj^kd. 

Burtoit%  Taipo.     (Heotof.) 

**  Traces  of  acatnio,'* 


448*00 


Mercurial  Waters. 

Certain  of  the  munated  alkaline  springs  are  turbid  with  mui 
containing  varying  amounts  of  mercury  derived  from  the  soil  around, 
which  is  rich  in  this  mineral. 

While  such  can  perhaps  hardly  be  strictly  classed  aa  **  mineral 
waters,"  the  natural  mixiure  of  mineral  water  with  mercurialised 
mud  is  obviously  important  from  a  therapeutic  point  of  view,  and  is 
classed  here  for  convenience. 

Oha$awai  (1904).     {Vide  »•  MurUted  AlkatiDe  Wat«ra.") 
Amount  ot  meroiirv  variable. 
Tern pera lure ,  160°  Fab r. 


TBB   MIKEBAL   WATBE8   OP   NBW    ZBALAND. 


633 


TaBIiK-WATBRS. 

This  is  another  ill-defined  group  of  waters,  usually  characterized 
by  feeble  mineralisauoii,  and  by  contain iag  a  large  quantity  of  free 
carbonic- acid  gas. 

It  is  obvious  that  such  a  water  may  be  classed  under  one  or 
other  of  the  previous  headings  according  to  the  preponderating 
ingredients  it  may  contain,  and»  as  a  mutter  of  fact^  most  of  the 
nnineral  waters  used  as  table- waters  in  New  Zealand  are  really  so 
strongly  nnueralised  as  to  justify  the  title  of  '*  inedicinal/"  and  almost 

iall  contain  rather  more  iron  than  is  consistent  with  an  ideal  table- 
water. 
EtmopK. 
I                                              SeUers  (Sfltser  water). 
r       A  mnriftted  dlknllne  water  containing— 
i~" 


67  86 
80-39 

23-7a 

20  91 

14-70 

16575 


New  ZxaxiAvd. 

Wairongoa  (South  Iglanii).     {Vide  also  "Earthy  Waters," 
Calcium  biearboQaio 
M Agn esi utn  bit^arboB ate  • . 

Sod  ium-olilo  ride 
Sodium- bicarbonatd  ,• 

Sodimn-*iiilpbate     .. 
Total  eolldB 

Together  vihh  a  large  exoefis  of  oarbonio^acid  gas,  whioh  la  bottled  nith  the  water. 
! 

Puriri,     {7i(f«  also  *' Alkaline  Waters.") 

This  la  a  cold  alkaline  eprji^g,  temperature  6CP  F^br.,  which  is  viry  freely 
ueed  as  a  table-w&ter,  but  which  is  so  sironuly  mineralUed  that  it  should  teallj 
be  classed  under  tbe  head  of  "  Alkaline  Waters." 

Te  Atoha.    {Vide  also  *'  Muriated  Alkaline  Waters/') 
The  thermal  waters  of  Te  Aroha,  cooled  and  artificially  aerated,  are  also 
Botnetimea  used  as  tatle-waieis,  hut  are  so  atrongly  tninecalised  aa  to  really  oon- 
fltitute  medicinal  waters. 

I  There  are  also  at  Te  Aroha  several  cold  springs,  feebly  mineralised, 

'      pleasant  to  the  taste,  htit  some  what  deficient  in  natural  carhonic- 

acid  gas* 
^^  Cold  "  Magntsia**  Spring  (1903), 

1^^              Calolumbl  carbonate                  ..  410 

^^P              Magnesium  bicarbonate  il3'4 

^^B              Total  solids  83  6 

r  Kamo.     {Vide  also  *'  Gbalybpate  Waters,") 

I  These  waters  are  tepid  to  warm,  strongly  efiervescent  with  oarbonto-aoid 

gafl,  and  pleasant  to  the  laste. 

Gal dum  bicarbonate  ..  ..  ..  67*68 

Sodium  bicarbonate  ..  ..  .,  88*64 

Sodium -chloride      ..  ,,  ..  ..  88*01* 

Tolaliotids              ,.  ..  ..  ..  164  36 


634 


)ll£t*    SBALAltD   OrriClAL    T^AB-SOOC. 


Tepid  spring,  teiiip«r»iiire  BOTFtkr,^  tmit  cOarveaence    of    COf,   pit 


cwMilsh  usl6. 

OUcittm-bicArbouAie 

TiUl&oltdn 

Frte  c*jboiuo  acid  . . 


35-5 

167*8 

96^ 


Gasbs  in  Mikbbal  Watkbs^ 


Carboftic  acid  is  present  in  a  very  large  nninber  of  iwaters*  but  is 
especially  noticeable  in  those  of  Kauio,  where  it  b  the  chief  thera- 
peutic a$;ent  iu  the  baths. 

Methane  (marsh-gas)  is  exceedingly  abundant  in  the  iodine  wfttet^ 
of  the  east  coast,  notably  at  Te  Puia  and  Morere,  where  it  is  used 
for  illuminating  purposes,  as  also  at  Hanmer  in  the  Souih  Island. 

NUrogen  in  small  quantities  accompanies  the  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen in  many  waters. 

SitifthurctUd  hydrogen  is  present  in  large  quantities  in  the 
"  sulphur  waters,"  and  m  minute  quaotitiee  in  the  majority  of  the 
springs. 

Sulphurous  acid  is  abundantly  evolved  through  the  soil  forming 
^e  bed  of  many  of  the  acid  sulphur  springs^  and.  coming  in  contact 
with  sulphureiied  hy.irogen,  is  at  once  decomposed,  with  the  forma* 
ion  of  water  and  sulphur. 

Spas. 

The  vast  majority  of  the  springs  in  the  above  list  are  practically 
unequipped  and  almost  unused. 

In  the  central  volcanic  district,  notably  at  Taupo  and  Wairakei* 
there  are  baths  in  connection  wiih  the  hotels.  These  baths,  how- 
ever, are  more  or  less  primitive,  and  are  suitable  rather  for  the 
tourist  than  the  invalid. 

There  are  batbs  and  hotel- accommodation  also  at  Kamo,  Wai- 
wera,  and  Okoroire,  and,  in  more  primitive  fashion,  at  Morere,  Ta 
Puia,  Helensville,  ami  Waingaro. 

Hanmer  in  the  South  Island,  and  Te  Aroha  and  Botorua  in 'the 
North,  are  spas  under  Government  management.  Of  these  Botorua 
is  the  largest  and  best-equipped. 


OTHER  GOVERNMENT  TOURIST  AND  HEALTH  RE- 
SORTS. 
Mount  Cook. 
The  Mount  Cook  Hermitage  Hotel — under  the  control  of  the 
Government  Tourist  Departiivent — is  situated  in  the  heart  of  the 
Southern  Alps.  The  Hermitage  is  2,50G  ft.  above  sea-level.  It  is 
reached  from  Christchurch  or  DuneiHn  by  rail  and  coach.  Trains 
connect  at  Timaru  for  Fairlie,  thirty*Dine  miles.      At  Fairlie  the 


OTHEK   aOVERNMKNT    TOUltlST    AND   HEALTH    RE80HTU. 


635 


traveller  chaDges  to  the  coach  for  the  rest  of  his  journey  (ninety-dx 
miles),  A  night  is  spent  eii  route  from  Fairlie  to  the  Hermitage  at 
Liake  Pukaki,  where  there  is  a  Governmerit  hotel.  Guities  and 
horses  are  obtainable  at  the  Hermitage.  The  hotel  is  a  byiidtng  of 
thirty-five  rooms,  with  stabling  and  paddocks  for  horses.  Cook's 
coupons  are  accepted  at  ihe  Hertnita^e.  The  glaciers  within  easy 
distance  inclnde  the  great  Tasman  Glacier  (one  of  the  largest  in  the 
world),  the  Mnrchison,  Godley,  Mueller,  and  Hooker.  Mount  Cook 
f  12, 349  ft.)  and  the  surrounding  mountains  are  within  convenient 
distance  of  the  Hermitage.  From  the  Ball  Hut  (3,404  ft.)  and  Malte 
Brun  Hut  (5,700  ft.),  erected  for  the  shelter  of  clmibers,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Mount  Tasman,  many  alpine  excursions  may  be  made.  The 
Ball  Hut  IS  twelve  miles,  and  the  Make  Brun  about  twenty  miles 
from  the  Hermitage,  The  west  coast  may  be  reached  from  here,  via 
the  Hooker  Glacier^  Fitzgerald *8  Pass,  and  the  valleys  of  the  Cop- 
land aod  Karaagarua  Bivers. 

L  Ths  Southern  Lakes. 

The  most  easily  accessible  of  the  Otago  lakes  is  Wakatipu,  which 
is  fifty-four  miles  long.  1,069  ft,  above  sea-level,  and  has  a  depth  of 
1,252  ft.  Queenstown,  on  the  shores  of  this  lake,  is  readied  in  one 
day  from  Dunediu  or  Invercargill  by  rail  (174  miles  or  ei^dity-seven 
miles)  to  Kingston,  thence  by  Government  steamer  twenty- five  miles. 
From  Queenstown,  where  there  is  good  hotel-accommodation,  the 
ascent  of  Ben  Lomond  (5,747  ft.)  and  other  mountains  may  be  mado 
on  horseback.  The  Government  steamers  run  to  Kin  loch  and 
Glenorchy.  at  the  head  of  the  lake,  whence  excursions  may  be  made 
to  Mount  Earnslaw  {9,300  ft),  by  iiorse  and  on  foot,  to  Paradise  (by 
buggy),  and  to  the  Routeburn  Valley,  the  Dart  Kiver,  Rere  Lake,  &c* 
There  is  an  alpine  route  through  from  Greenstone  on  the  shores  of 
Ihe  lake,  via  the  Hoi iy ford  River,  io  jMartin  s  Bay  on  the  west  coasl 
(sixty- three  miles),  also  a  track  from  Mount  Nicholas  to  Lake  Te 
Anau  vta  the  Keys. 

Lake  Wanaka  {928  ft.  above  sea-level  and  thirty-five  miles  in 
length)  may  be  conveniently  visited  from  Wakatipu.  A  coach  ruos 
from  Queenstown  to  Pembroke,  on  Lake  Wanaka,  a  distance  of 
forty-one  miles.  The  service  is  bi-weekly  in  summer  and  weekly  in 
winter.  There  are  hotels  at  Pembroke,  and  an  accommodation-house 
at  Makarora  (the  head  of  the  lake).  Steamers  ply  on  ihe  lake  and 
may  be  hired  as  required.  Lake  Ha  we  a  (134  ft.  above  Wanaka)  is 
ten  miles  distant  by  a  vehicle-road.  There  is  good  red-deer  stalking 
in  the  vicinity ;  trout  abound  in  the  streams  and  in  Lakes  Wanaka 
and  Hawea.  A  track  leads  from  the  head  of  Lake  Wanaka  over  the 
Haast  Pass  (sixteen  miles  distant)  to  the  west  coast,  connecting  with 
the  road  to  Hokitika. 

Lake  Te  Anau,  forty- two  miles  long,  and  694  ft,  above  the  sea, 
is  readied  by  train  and  coach  from  either  Dunedin  or  Invercargill- — 
train  to  Lumsden,  thence  a  coach  journey  of  fiity-two  miles  to  Te 
Anau,  occupying  a  day.     There  is  a  comfortable  hotel  at  the  coach 


* 


696 


irsw  bhalakd  arFiciAt  tsar- 


torminus  on  the  shores  of  the  lake.  A  smuil  ftteamer  runs  to  the 
head  of  the  lake,  where  there  is  an  accommodation-house,  from 
here  visitors  may  walk  to  Sutherland  Falls  and  Milford  Sound.  The 
track  leads  op  the  Clmton  Valley,  over  Mackinnon's  Pass  to  the 
Sutherland  Fails  (nineteen  miles),  and  Milford  Sound  (thirty-fi^« 
miles).  The  Sutherland  Falls  (1,904  ft.)  are  the  highest  in  the 
world.  There  are  shelter-huts  at  convenient  distances  along  the 
route.  Guides  are  ohtaioable  at  Te  Anau.  There  is  an  accommoda- 
tion-house at  Sutherland's,  Milford  Sound,  opposite  Mitre  Peak. 
An  oil-launch  is  availahle  for  excursions  on  the  Sound,  From  the 
upper  part  of  Lake  Te  Anau  there  is  a  good  track  to  George  Sound 
(thirteen  miles),  via  Lakes  Hankinson  and  Thompson.  A  rowing- 
boat  is  available  on  the  Sound,  and  huts  are  provided  for  visitors. 

Manapouri  Lake  (elevation  597  ft.)  is  visited  from  Lake  Te 
Anau.  The  distance  between  the  lakes  is  six  miles,  but  the  accom- 
modation-houses are  thirteen  miles  apart.  A  coach  traverses  tha 
intervening  distance,  in  connection  with  the  steamers  on  the  In  ~ 
and  the  coaches  from  Lumsden*  Manapouri  may  also  be  re 
by  coach  (thirty-eight  miles)  from  Otautao,  which  is  thirty-two 
miles  from  Invercargill  by  rail.  Manapouri  is  the  deepest  of  the 
New  Zealand  lakes,  having  an  extreme  depth  of  1.462  ft.  There  is 
a  small  steamer  on  the  lake ;  it  may  be  engaged  by  visitors  as  re- 
quired. This  lake  is  regarded  by  many  as  the  most  picturesque  id 
New  Zealand. 

Stbwabt  Island. 

Stewart  Island  is  reached  by  steamer  (bi-weekly  service  Decem- 
ber to  February,  weekly  at  other  times)  from  the  Bluff,  a  distance 
of  tweoty-four  miles.  There  are  accommodation- houses  at  Oban 
(Half-mooo  Bay),  where  the  steamer  calls,  and  at  the  bays  round 
the  coast.  An  auxihary  oil- ketch  and  other  boats  may  be  hired  at 
Oban  for  coastal  cruises,  and  excellent  tishing  is  to  be  obtained. 
Bathing,  boating,  and  deep-sea-ashing  excursions  are  the  chief  ai^ 
tractions  of  the  island.  Walking-tours  may  also  be  made  to  the 
summits  of  Mounts  Anglem  (3,200  ft.)  and  Rakiahua  (2,217  ft.),  and 
other  wooded  peaks. 

Small  coasting- boats  (sail  and  screw)  take  visitors  when  re- 
quired to  Paterson  Inlet,  the  Neck,  and  other  scenic  resorts.  Two 
of  the  most  attractive  spots,  Port  Adventure  and  Lords  Eiver, 

be  visited  in  one  day  from  Oban.     The  boardinghouses  at  Oban  .^^ 

capable  of  accommodating  a  large  number  of  visitors ;  there  ars 
several  stores  in  the  township. 


A  DAY  ON  WHITE   ISLAKB. 


687 


A  DAY  ON  WHITE  ISLAND. 
[By  R.  BUDDLB.  N$w  Zealand  Herald^  16th  May,  190e.] 
When  viewed  from  a  distance  of  ten  or  fourteen  miles  White  Island 
does  not  present  a  very  attractrive  appearance — a  rugged,  barren  islet, 
with  a  jagged  top,  capped  by  an  ever-changing  cloud  of  steam,  and  of 
a  uniform  diriiy-grey  colour,  with  a  few  patches  of  white  guaoo» 
shining  ike  snow*  on  some  of  the  spurs,  Nor  does  it  improve  on  a 
closer  acquaintance.  The  only  vegetation  that  is  seen  is  a  few 
stunted  pohuiukawas  on  the  ends  of  the  spurs  farthest  from  the 
crater,  half  buried  in  drifdng  sand. 

We  anchored  on  the  lee  side  of  the  island,  after  considerable 
difficulty  in  finding  a  suitable  depth »  for  there  is  a  sudden  drop  of  14 
to  100  fathoms  quiie  close  to  the  shore.  FroD3  here  the  roar  of  the 
ateam,  which  rises  in  a  solid  column  from  1,000  ft,  to  6|000ft,,  is 
plainly  heard. 

The  great  cleft  in  the  wall  of  the  crater,  opposite  the  landmg-place, 
is  very  appropriately  called  '*  The  Gates  of  Hell/'  and  as  you  enter 
you  feel  as  though  you  would  not  be  at  all  surprised  to  see  demons 
running  about.  The  scene  is  weird  in  the  extreme.  Everything 
looks  as  if  it  had  been  scorched  and  burnt.  The  only  colours  are 
red,  and  yellow,  and  brown,  and  not  so  much  as  a  blade  of  grass  is 
to  be  seen.  The  first  thing  that  strikes  one  is  the  strong  acid  smell 
in  the  air*  It  is  not  that  soft  smell  of  Rotorua,  but  an  odour  of 
fiulphurous  acid,  which  sticks  in  one's  throat  and  gets  up  one's  nose. 
The  floor  of  the  crater — ^which  is  almost  flat — is  of  yellowish  sand 
and  gravel,  and  is  strewn  with  heaps  of  impure  sulphur,  white 
gypsum,  and  large  boulders  coated  wiih  a  smooth  deposit  like  porce- 
lain. It  is  closed  in  by  almost  precipitous  cliflfs,  from  800  ft*  to 
1,000  ft.  high,  furrowed  by  deep  watercourses,  composed  of  sul- 
phurous grey  mud  and  sand. 

Eight  in  front  of  us  was  a  great  lake,  several  acres  in  extent,  of 
a  vivid-green  colour,  with  its  banks  covered  by  masses  of  sulphur- 
crystals,  in  beautiful  contrast  with  the  water.  At  the  other  aide  of 
it  was  a  veritable  inferno,  a  bubbling,  steaming  mass  of  boding  water 
and  mud,  from  which  rose  the  gigantic  steam  column,  with  a  con- 
tinuous hoarse  roar,  which  can  ooly  be  compared  to  the  sound  of  a 
thousand  steam-engines  blowing  off  steam  at  once.  The  lake  is 
bottomless  in  the  middle,  so  far  as  is  known,  and  its  waters  are  warm, 
with  hoihng  springs  bubbling  up  all  over  it,  and  so  strongly  tinged 
with  hydrochloric  acid  as  to  make  the  hands  tingle  when  dipped  in 
it,  and  be  horribly  bitter  and  unpleasant  to  the  tongue.  An  overflow 
rivulet  trickles  out  of  the  lake,  and  though  it  is  only  a  few  inches 
deep  its  water  is  as  green  as  that  of  the  lake.  It  makes  a  wonder- 
fully beautiful  little  waterfall,  about  3  ft.  high,  the  lip  of  which  and 
the  little  grotto  underneath  are  covered  with  bright-yellovi  sulphur- 
cr}*8tal8,  over  which  the  green  stream  trickles  into  a  sulphur-edged 
pool  beneath. 


638 


NKW    BISALAIID    OPFICIAL    TKAft-BOOK. 


I 


After  duly  admiriDg  the  scene  we  walked  across  the  crater- 
feeling  every  step  with  our  sticks — to  where  the  sulphur-nigoritiga 
were  t^velve  years  ago.  There  18  a  good-sized  hole  in  the  cliff  where 
the  sulphur  has  been  remove  i.  and  from  where  a  v^oodtfu  trara-liut 
(now  almost  rotted  away)  runs  across  the  crater  to  the  lunding-placOf 
where  a  quantity  of  suiphur  has  been  scacke  L  This  sulphur  is  not 
very  pure,  being  mixed  with  gypsum  and  othtr  compouniis.  We  had 
a  hasty  lunch  on  the  shore,  where  the  sulphur-dust  blew  on  the  food 
and  ihe  sLeam  spouted  even  froni  cracks  in  the  loose  rocks ;  and  as 
soon  as  we  had  finished  we  started  to  climb  the  side  of  the  crat^^r. 
Steam -jets  were  everywhere,  and  on  scraping  away  the  dust  yott 
could  dig  down  a  couple  of  feet  into  absolutely  pure  flowers  of 
sulphur — cartloads  of  it — and  there  is  no  saying  how  far  down  it  niay 
go.  as  aftpr  2  ft.  it  beromes  too  hot  to  bear  the  hands  in  it.  We  soon 
came  to  the  steep  part  of  the  climb,  where  the  slope  was  almost 
perpendicular  and  the  groond  very  rotteii  and  crumbling.  The  climb 
was  made  the  more  unpleasant  by  the  irritaung  line  sulphurous  and 
acid  dust  which  blew  inio  our  eyes  anrl  made  them  streana  with 
tears,  so  that  we  could  scarcely  see.  At  last  we  reached  the  top,  and 
walked  along  the  narrow  jagtred  lip  of  tf»e  crater,  until  we  were 
nearly  over  the  preat  blowhole,  at  an  altitude  of  about  1,000  fi 
The  crater,  with  its  vivid-green  lake  and  smoking  yellow  hillocks  of 
sulphur,  >\as  spread  out  like  a  panorama  below,  and  the  men,  like 
flies  moving  about,  showed  the  vastness  of  the  place.  On  the  other 
side  the  ru*:ged  spars  sloped  stf-eply  lo  the  sea,  absolutely  bare  of 
vegetation,  and  at  the  end  of  one  was  a  vast  colony  of  gannets — 
thousands  upon  thousands — packed  together  like  regiments  of 
soldiers. 

Unfortunately,  the  steamer  was  in  a  hurry  to  get  away,  and  as 
we  had  no  wish  to  be  left  on  the  island  wo  had  to  hasten  down  into 
the  crater  again,  arriving  at  the  bottom  covered  from  head  to  foot 
with  white  du^^t,  and,  waiting  our  chance,  jumped  into  the  boat  and 
pulled  off  to  the  ship. 


MAORI  MABRIAGE  CUSTOMS. 
[By  Elsdon'  Brbt.] 

M.\RRIAGK  among  the  Natives  of  New  Zealand  appears  to  be  gene- 
rally looked  upon  as  a  low  tvpe  of  cohabitintj,  with  no  ceremony, 
form,  or  ritual  pertaining  thereto,  whereas  there  were  numerous 
ancient  customs  and  usacres  which  were  recos;nised,  upheld,  and 
foilowe<l  hv  the  people.  For  ever  were  the  Maori  a  most  punctilious 
people,  adhering  rigidly  to  old-time  customs,  social  and  otherwise. 


MAORI   MAKHtAOIS    CUBT0M8. 


639 


^ 


Maori  Bociolosry  is  a  eobject  upon  which  one  might  condnue  to 
write  to  an  indetinite  extent,  and  yet  relnte  only  such  matter  as  ia 
foreign  to  our  ideas.  These  notes,  howevi^r,  on  marriage  among  the 
Maori  in  pre-European  times,  muist  be  much  condensed  in  this  paper  : 
they  may  be  consulted  in  tbeir  entirely  in  the  tomes  o!  the  New 
Zeiiand  Institute. 

Id  marriage,  as  in  other  matters,  the  communism  of  the  Mjiori 
made  itself  fek.  The  parents  of  the  couple  had  but  little  say  in 
the  matter.  Tj  ibal  opinion  swayed  the  matter^  or  the  family  group 
decided  as  to  whether  the  propose!  niarriajiie  were  desirable  or 
otherw'^e.  Youn^  people  would  sometimes  ignore^  for  a  \vhile»  the 
wishes  or  arrao«;etiients  of  their  elders,  but  as  a  rule  it  was  a  case 
of  Vox  popult  vox  Dei.  The  arrangements  for  a  marriage  were 
made  by  the  elders  of  the  youns^  couple,  the  parents  havmg  often 
no  more  say  io  the  affair  than  others,  and  sometimes,  indeed,  much 
less. 

In  a  former  article  we  have  noted  that  the  gens,  or  family  group, 
was  practically  the  unit  of  the  Maori  social  system.  Family  life 
and  habits  as  we  know  them  w^ere  unknown ,  or,  rather,  the  circle 
was  enlarged  so  as  to  include  all  nearly  related  peoples,  perhaps  the 
descendants  of  a  common  ancestor  of  tiiree  to  live  or  six  generations 
back.  This  was  the  Maori  family,  which  managed  its  atiaii  s  in  ihe 
commuoistic  manner  hinted  at  above.  It  was  a  consanguineous 
subclan. 

The  6rst  marriages  spoken  of  in  Maori  myth  as  having  taken 
place  between  human  beings  were  those  of  the  period  of  Tiki 
and  Tane.  Ea,  the  lirst  woman,  tnarried  Tiki,  who  was  of  the  Po, 
or  realm  of  darkness.  Ea  bore  Kurawaka,  a  female,  who  married 
Tane,  hence  the  races  of  man  dwelling  upon  the  surface  of  the 
earth. 

^W  The  Maori  tribe  was  essentially  endogamous.  But  few  extra- 
tribal  marriages  took  place.  Wiar  was  so  comtnon  that  it  prevented 
much  cooi  muni  cation  between  neighbouring  tribes. 

The  Maori  tribe  {tvi)  is  divided  into  subtnbes  (hapn),  and  these 
latter,  if  large,  are  subdivided  into  family  groups  (also  termed  hapt^). 
The  tribe  and  snbtribe  were  practically  endogatnous  among  theTuhoe 
people.  Not  but  what  the  subtribes  did  intermarry  to  a  certain 
extent,  bnt  the  general  desire  aud  custom  was  to  marry  within  the 
subtribe.  This  is  accounted  for  by  the  lack  of  cohesmn  among  the 
divisions  of  a  tribe,  except  when  a  common  interest,  as  war  against 
an  extra-tribal  foe,  induced  them  to  lay  aside  for  a  w^bile  their  petty 
ill  feelings  and  jealousies. 

But  the  lesser  hnpu,  or  family  groups,  were  to  a  considerable 
extent  exogamous,  in  order  to  avoid  incestuous  marriages.  This 
matter  hinged  entirely  upon  the  nuMd>er  of  genf  rations  such  group 
was  composed  of— i.e.,  in  rt*gard  to  the  number  of  generations  of 
descent  of  the  members  thereof  from  a  common  ancestor.      The 


4 


640 


NBW    SBALAiri}   OWTlClJih    TBAU-ilOOK. 


custom  among  the  Tuhoe  Tribe  is  this :  The  raemhers  of  the  third 
generatioa  Irom  a  comman  ancestor  may  intermarry.     Oboerve:*- 

Te  Bftngi-kft-whetui 
1 


Taw«  Te  Foo-wheQUA 

TftDgira  T«  Akiu 

H&piiie  {(,)  =  RADgi-tereinAUri  (m.) 
I 

Here  we  show  the  iinion  of  Hapine  and  Rangi-tere-mauri,  against 
which  some  of  the  tribe  protested  at  the  time»  deeming  the  relation- 
ship  too  close.  The  majority,  however,  of  the  tribe  were  in  f&votir 
of  allowing  the  marriage,  inasmuch  as  the  couple  were  of  the  third 
generatioD  from  a  common  ancestor.  But  Te  Akiu  and  Tangira 
would  not  have  been  allowed  to  marry.  Such  a  marriage  would  be 
termed  incestuouB.  Natives  say  that  among  dogs  only  do  near  rela- 
tives cohabit,  hence  three  of  the  terms  used  to  denote  incest  are 
connected  with  dogs — viz.»  irawanit  tigau  whiore,  and  kai  wltton. 
The  two  latter  terms  mean  "  tail-bitmg/*  Those  who  commit  incest 
are  compared  to  a  dog  which  turns  and  bites  its  own  taiL  Irawam. 
is  a  character  in  Maori  myth,  and  was  the  origin  or  tutelary  deity 
of  dogs.  The  fourth  term  for  incest  is  rnoe  tuahine,  or  **  sister- 
marriage.*' 

Half  sisters  and  brothers  are  not  allowed  to  marry,  being  ap- 
parently looked  upon  as  full  brothers  and  sisters.  This  may  not 
point  to  an  ancient  system  of  maternal  fihation,  but  at  leaet  shows 
that  uterine  Eiiation  was  equal  to  agoatic  in  the  social  system  of  the 
people. 

Among  a  people  such  as  the  Maori,  warlike,  vindictive,  jealous, 
independent,  impatient  of  control,  with  uo  sense  of  nationality^  or 
even  of  cohesion  among  the  numerous  tribes,  it  is  difficult  to  imagine 
a  system  of  exogamous  marriages.  They  were  endogamous  from 
necessity,  and  as  a  means  of  retaining  every  fighting-man  on  the 
tribal  roll. 

The  Maori  ideas  regarding  incest  and  consanguineous  marriages 
seem  to  be  sensible  enough,  and  resemble  those  held  by  peoples  of 
a  far  higher  culture  stage. 

It  is  certain  that  borh  agnatic  and  uterine  filiation  was,  and  is, 
recognised  by  the  Maori,  Blood  relationship  was  counted  through 
both  parents.  If  ever  the  matriarchate  system  obtained  amoog  ihe 
Maori,  then  surely  it  must  have  been  in  times  long  passed  away. 
The  Maori  recognised  a  difference  between  real  filiation  and 
adoption. 

There  is  no  sign  of  polyandry  among  the  New  Zealand  Natil 
Their  historical  traditions  contain  no  reference  to  such  a  custt 
1 1  They  have  evidently  be&u  T[ioii&\vdcoM%  lot  many  centuries^ 


MAOBI    MAKKfAOK    CUfiTOM«.  641 

Generally  speakiDg,  the  Maori  people  were  also  moDOgamous, 
although  polygamy  was  somedmee  practbed,  but  only  by  chiefs,  not 
by  the  common  people.  It  was  evidently  a  privilege  of  rank.  Poly- 
gamy still  obtains  among  the  Natives  at  Ruatahuna,  but  only  to  the 
extent  of  three  cases. 

A  man  often  took  a  slave  wife  in  former  days^  usnally  when 
women  were  captured  in  fighting  exti a- tribal  enemies.  The  children 
by  such  wives  v\ould  be  free.  Consanguineous  polyganay  was  not 
rare.  A  good  number  of  cases  are  recorded  wherein  a  man  has 
married  two  sisters.  Marrying  a  deceased  wife's  sister  was  also 
allowed.  The  first  or  head  wife  of  a  polygamous  marriage  was  not 
exempt  from  labour,  nor  diil  her  children  nGCessarily  take  precedence 
of  those  of  the  other  wives.  The  children  of  all  the  wives  had  shares 
in  the  father's  property  allotted  to  them. 

Young  folk  among  the  Maori  early  arrive  at  puberty,  at  an 
earlier  age  than  do  our  Europeans  here  residing.  No  system  of 
obligatory  defloration  of  girls  existed,  nor  was  it  in  any  way  neces- 
sary or  practicable.  The  girls  attended  to  that,  for  ilhcit  intercourse 
among  young  unmarried  people  was,  and  still  is,  a  common  thing. 
But  when  a  girl  married  it  was  different,  for  she  might  suflfer  severely 
for  any  lapse  from  virtue  then.  As  a  rule,  girls  marry  young — much 
too  soon  in  many  cases. 

Although  the  moral  code  of  young  girls  was  extremely  lax,  yet  it 
cannot  be  said  that  any  class  of  prostitutes  existed.  Nor  was  there 
any  cult  among  the  people  that  required  tlie  prostitutiou  of  girls 
before  marriage,  as  those  of  Aphrodite  and  Mylitta, 

The  system  of  tau*nou,  or  betrothal,  was  not  uncommon  formerly, 
but  has  long  been  abandoned.  Children  of  tender  years  were  so 
betrothed  by  their  elders,  sometimes  forpoHtical  reasons,  to  atJvance 
tlie  welfare  of  the  clan  or  tribe.  It  would  be  arranged  that  the  young 
couple  should  be  married  when  they  arrived  at  a  proper  age.  It 
would  be  bad  form  for  any  one  to  disregard  such  a  betrothal.  The 
word  was,  "  Those  on  whom  a  tanmou  has  been  placed— do  not 
mterfere  with  them/'  Should  a  common  person  interfere  with  a 
betrothed  girl  he  would  probably  be  slain. 

Probably  the  custom  of  betrothal  was  practised  only  by  the 
chieftain  class,  and  not  among  the  common  people.  There  was, 
indeed,  but  tittle  ceremony  or  ritual  pertaining  to  birth,  marriage,  or 
death  among  the  common  people. 

The  evolution  of  ritual  in  marriage  appears  to  he  a  slow  process. 
Among  savage  peoples  appears  the  cohabitation  of  man  and  woman 
devoid  of  ceremony  or  religious  rite;  abduction,  often  by  force,  of 
women.  Then,  among  peoples  on  a  somewhat  higher  plane,  mar- 
riage appears  as  a  laic  institution,  a  social  arrangement,  often  asso- 
ciated with,  or  followed  by,  the  purchase  of  the  woman.  In  both 
of  these  stages  woman  is  deemed  much  inferior  to  the  husband 
She  represents  so  much  property,  and  can  be  punished,  ill  used,  or 
disposed  of  in  any  way  the  husband  sees  fit  to  adopt.  These  modes 
are  the  nsns  and  coemptto  of  the  Bomans.     The  third  stage  is  repre- 


642 


VBW    SEALAKD    OFFICIAL    TEAR-BOOK. 


sen  ted  by  the  Roman  covfarreatio,  in  which  we  see  the  adoption  of 
a  ntual,  at  tirsc  crude,  but  becoming  more  ceremonious  as  the  peopia 
advance  in  culture.  Observe  a  passage  in  Letourueau*6  ♦'Evolution 
of  Marriage  **  :  ''  We  must  note  that  at  Rome,  as  in  Greece,  the 
religious  ceremony  was  in  no  way  esseniial  to  the  marriage,  which 
was  a  lam  and  civil  institution  in  the  first  place/'  Quite  so,  for  only 
the  upper  classes  had  such  ceremonial  marriages  performed,  heoceil 
is  termed  the  **  aristocratic  marriage.** 

The  Maori  of  these  isles  had  arrived  at  this  third  sta^  of  mar- 
riage-evolution* He  had  adopted  ritual  in  the  case  of  marriai^s 
among  the  ciiief^tain  class.  It  was  essentially  an  aristocratic  rite, 
for  only  those  of  good  birth  had  the  ceremony  performed  at  ibeif 
maniage.  The  common  people  were  not  deemed  worthy  of  llw 
priestly  invocation. 

A  good  deal  of  formality  pertained  to  the  arrangement  of  i 
marriage  among  the  Maoris.  A  young  man  would  usually  iufono 
hie  elders  of  his  wish  to  marry  a  certain  girl.  A  meetir.. 
village  community  would  be  held  in  order  that  the  subject  i 
discussed  in  ail  its  bearings.  The  girl  would  be  present,  and  v^uuii 
be  asked  as  to  whether  or  not  she  were  agreeable.  Possibly,  aa  m 
the  case  of  a  leading  family,  the  matter  would  not  end  here,  bat 
would  be  taken  up  by  the  tribe  generally,  and  discussed  and 
arranged  by  thetii.  In  such  a  case  the  marriage  was  a  tribal  afair, 
and  not  to  be  settled  by  the  elders  of  the  young  couple  alone,  or  by 
the  family  group.  Such  are  the  ways  of  the  comoaunistic  Maoa 
The  Maori  of  old  had  a  clear  idea  of  tbe  desirability  of  conddctiog 
these  aSairs  in  due  orthodox  form. 

A  custom  of  yore :  A  man  desires  to  marry  a  woman  who,  how* 
ever,  does  not  return  his  affection.  Tiiereupon  he  hies  him  to  the 
priest  and  enlists  his  services.  The  priest  lakes  some  substance 
and  repeats  over  it  a  charm  to  render  it  efifective  as  a  sort  of  ton 
philtre.  He  hands  this  to  the  man,  who  takes  it  away  with  him  and 
proceeds  straight  to  where  the  woman  is  and  forces  the  substanw 
into  her  oiouth.  That  is  quite  BuOkient.  The  charm  will  prow 
effective  and  the  woman* s  dislike  or  iudiflerence  be  turned  to  aJse- 
tion, 

But  the  usual  means  adopted  id  such  cases  was  that  known  u 
atahtt  or  iri,  which  was  conducted  in  this  way  :  Id  order  to  cauBc 
a  person  of  the  opposite  sex  to  entertain  affection  for  the  operator, 
or  to  cause  ao  absent  lover,  wife,  or  husband  to  retuni  to  the  Jono 
one,  a  bird,  known  as  niiromirQ  ( Myiomotra  toitoi),  or  pied  til,  wat 
caught,  and  the  operator  recited  over  it  a  charm  to  bring  about  the 
desired  result.  The  bird  was  then  released  and  was  desp^tobed  10 
carry  the  love  message  to  the  absent  one  ;  indeed,  the  bird  seems  to 
have  been  deemed  a  sort  of  medium,  or  sympathetic  agent,  betweeQ 
the  charm  and  the  subject.  The  bird,  it  was  believed,  flew  siiaigbt 
to  the  subject,  however  distant,  and  settled  on  him,  or  her,  and  such 
prrson  instantly  conceived  an  affection  for  the  operator  and  de^irs 
to  go  to  him  (or  hery    I\»  >No\Lld  ai^^ear  that  sometimes  the  bird* 


MAORI  MABRtAGE  CUSTOMS.  64S 

ending  was  omiUed.  In  this  case  the  operator  waited  until  the 
rind  was  blowing  towards  the  place  where  the  loved  one  dwelt. 
le  then  took  a  featlser  io  his  left  hand  and  passed  ii  under  his  I?  ft 

ligh;  theOp  holding  up  the  feaiher  in  his  hand,  he  repeated  a  charm 
cause  the  absent  one  to  think  kiudiy  of  him.  He  tossed  iba 
father  into  the  air  and  called  upon  the  wind  to  bear  his  love  to 

When  a  young  man  of  the  Tnhoe  Tribe  was  undergoing  the 
operation  of  tattooing,  he  had  an  atalm  charm  repeated  over  him  in 
order  to  cause  women  to  like  and  admire  him. 

It  sometimes  occurred »  and  not  infrequently,  that  a  family  group 
or  clan  would  resolve  lo  demand  a  girl  of  a  neighbouring  hamlet  a9 
a  wnfe  for  one  of  their  number.  It  might  happen  ih^t  the  atlfair 
would  end  (jtiietly,  but  if  the  girl  objected  and  was  upheld  by  her 
people  in  such  objection,  or  should  the  visitors  seize  upon  lier  at 
once  on  arrival,  then  trouble  would  ensue,  and  result  m  a  remark* 
ably  stormy  scene.  Both  parties  would  seize  and  struggle  for  the 
hapless  girl,  who  would  be  roughly  handled,  sometimes  even  receiv- 
iDg  fatal  injunes. 

We  will  now  Rive  a  short  description  of  the  marriage  rite  and 
ritual  feast,  known  among  the  Tnhoe  Tribe  as  the  ujuu  kotore. 

This  aristocratic  marriage  of  the  Maori  was,  of  course,  the  occa- 
gioD  for  a  meeting  of  the  people.  A  special  steam  oven  was  utdised 
for  the  purpose  of  cooking  food  for  the  near  relatives  of  the  young 
wife,  to  which  oven  and  food  a  certain  amount  of  ceremony  and 
ritual  pertained.  Food  for  the  rest  of  the  people  was  cooked  in 
separate  ovens. 

The  officiating  priest  recited  over  the  young  couple  an  invocation 
to  preserve  t}n?m  in  health  and  prosperity,  to  ward  off  from  tliem  all 
evils  and  nnsf  or  tunes,  physical  and  otherwise.  It  also  invoked  a 
Btate  of  fruitfuiness  in  the  wife,  that  she  nnght  bear  children. 
Another  invocation  was  repeated  in  order  to  cause  the  young  couple 
to  cleave  to  each  other.  One  of  these  invocations  repeated  over  the 
twain  contained  a  long  genealoj^y  (or,  rather,  was  preceded  by  it) 
commencing  at  the  beginning  of  the  Maori  cosmos,  when  heaven 
and  earth  clave  to  each  other,  and  darkness  obtained,  before  light 
was.  The  first  part  is  cosmographical.  Important  invocations  often 
were  accompanied  by  such  a  recitation. 

The  custom  of  pakuwha  was  more  generally  observed  than  the 
aristocratic  marriage.  It  was  a  forn"*al  handing*over  of  the  woman 
to  her  husband  and  his  people,  for  the  husband  haii  but  hi  tie  to  f^ay 
during  the  fnnction,  his  relatives  doing  all  the  speech-making  on  his 
Bide  of  the  house.  This  function  is  ever  the  occasion  of  a  feast,  lb 
was,  and  still  is.  an  important  item  in  the  social  life  of  the  Maori* 
G  fts  of  clothing,  ornaments,  <^c.,  are  placed  before  the  young  couple. 
The  husband  usually  bands  them  over  to  his  wife's  relatives.  A 
young-  husband  often  makes  a  gift  to  his  father-in-law  of   a   fine 


* 


i 


6i4 


?CEW    BBALAND   OFFICMI.    TEAlt-IIOnK, 


cloak,  or  hanclsonie  weapon,  or  some  prized  ornament.  The  fela- 
tive8  of  the  yo^ng  wife  escort  her  to  the  home  of  lier  husband  at 
the  time  of  this  handing-over  ceremony,  Sonae  time  after,  perhapt 
a  year,  the  wife's  relatives  give  a  return  feast  to  her  husband's 
people  J  and  make  presents  to  them.  Sometinies  a  special  house 
was  built  in  which  to  lodge  and  entertain  the  visitors  at  these 
affairs. 

As  a  rule  the  status  of  women  among  the  Maori  people  was  by 
no  means  a  low  one»  but  at  no  time  did  they  appear  to  possess  «> 
few  advantages  as  when  they  were  guilty  of  adultery.  Incontinence, 
if  treated  lightly  in  young  girls,  was  a  serious  offence  in  the  married 
woman,  and  sometimes  severe  punishment,  even  death,  was  iu^ 
flicted  upon  the  erring  one.  When  a  married  man  commits  adul- 
tery, he,  and  sometimes  also  the  woman,  is  punished  by  his  wife*8 
relatives^  who  form  a  party  and  proceed  to  the  erring  husband's 
borne,  where  they  either  demand  payment  as  satisfaction  for  the 
injury  received,  or  at  once  proceed  to  seiste  and  carry  oft  all  of  hit 
portable  property.  The  latter  plan  was  a  favourite  one  in  former 
timeSi  but  has  now  been  abandoned  for  the  former.  Payment  fot 
such  an  injury  is  usually  in  the  form  of  goods,  which  are  retained 
by  the  wronged  wife's  relatives.  Abduction  of  a  married  woman 
was  punished  in  a  similar  manner.  If  it  is  the  wife  who  is  the 
erring  party,  then  her  relatives  have  to  provide  goods  to  equalise 
her  indisoretion. 

In  olden  times  a  man  would  sometimes  take  his  adulterous  wife 
to  the  nearest  public  path,  and  there  lay  her  on  her  back  and  fasten 
her  limbs  to  pegs,  that  all  might  see  her  who  passed  by.  An  injured 
husband  sometimes  fought  a  duel  with  the  person  who  had  wronged 
him,  but  such  affairs  seemed  to  have  stopped  at  the  first  bloodshed. 
Others,  again,  would  desert  an  erring  wife,  and  migrate  to  other 
parts.  Women  not  seldom  committed  suicide  when  deserted  by 
their  husbands. 

It  is  quite  dear  that  a  ritual  of  divorce  obtained  among  the  Maori 
in  former  times,  and  I  have  collected  several  of  the  charms  or  incan- 
tations recited  by  the  priests  of  yore  in  order  to  cause  a  complete 
separation  of  man  and  wife — to  cause  their  affection  for  each  other  to 
cease.  Such  chartns  were  made  use  of  by  a  person  who  wished  to 
separate  a  husband  and  wife,  having,  perhaps,  become  enamoured 
with  one  or  the  other.  In  polyp;amy  it  was  used  by  a  wife  to  cans* 
the  husband's  love  for  another  of  his  wives  to  cease. 

The  divorce  rite  was  performed  by  ihe  side  of  a  stream  or  pooh 
and  the  couple  were  sprinkled  with  water  by  the  priest  during  tfaa 
ceremony.  The  wording  of  the  charms,  or  incantations,  used  by  the 
priest  IB  interesting. 

This  prinntive  divorce  rite  of  the  Maori  was  a  religious  ceremony. 
&B  was  that  of  the  **  aristocratic  "  niarriage.  In  these  crude  rit?» 
we  may  observe  the  ot\^\ti  ol  ftova^  tA  oMt  o^xi.  ^^bsx^d  ceremonies. 


maoki  mabriaqb  customs.  645 

Widows  and  the  Leviratb. 

The  levirate  was  essentially  a  Maori  custom — that  is  to  say,  the 
ustom  of  a  widow  marrying  the  brother  of  her  deceased  husband, 
t  was  evidently  an  ancient  custom.  The  new  husband  often 
dopted  the  name  of  his  dead  brother,  discarding  his  own  name, 
f,  after  the  widow  had  married  him,  she  took  a  dislike  to  him,  she 
light  obtain  a  divorce.  But  should  she  decline,  in  the  first  place, 
,nd  marry  some  other  person,  then  the  relatives  of  her  first  husband 
(Tould  probably  attack  the  new  one,  burn  his  house,  rob  him,  and 
K>s8ibly  slay  him. 

There  is  no  evidence  to  show  that  the  jus  prima  noctis  custom 
iver  obtained  among  the  Maori. 

A  man  shows  no  avoidance  of  his  parents-in-law,  as  among  some 
»eopies.  On  the  contrary,  he  often  seems  more  friendly  with  them 
han  with  his  own  people. 


PART  IV— DESCIUPTIOXS  OF  LAND  DISTBICTS. 


I 


THE  AUCKLAND  LAND  DISTRICT. 
James  Mackeitzie,  GomtniBsioiier  of  Grown  Lauds  and  Chief  Buireji^r. 

Introductory, 

The  Auokl&oc!  Lanct  Dis^'riot  covers  about  four  aod  a  hftlf  decrees  of  latiiude, 
witri  an  area  of  13.858.0D0  arreSt  extending  from  34**  30'  lo  39**  S.,  it*»  gr*a-«il 
kngth  being  ahou'.  365  mil€8»  from  the  Norib  C'ipe  to  the  39ub  parallel,  south  of 
Lake  TAupo,  vthilQ  hs  great  at  wiiiib  in  about  ISO  mil^'g.  In  Lb«  pruinsula  ntalh 
of  Auckland,  indenied  aB  it  is  on  eit'er  side  by  harHonra  and  arms  of  tne  sea^ADd 
witii  a  m  an  w  dih  b  tween  tho  Pacifto  Ocean  ami  Tasman  Sea  of  little  over  forty 
miifiBf  the  range  of  tf^mperatnire  is  remarkHbly  amail.  TIig  ihf^nnometer  K'ldom 
regi8frerBaboTe8u'*in  tbe  Kh&de  in  the  middle  of  stimmer,  wbiUl  tho  heal  is  alwsfi 
tempered  by  a  cool  brecse,  brmgi-  g  thtj  mpan  summer  temperature  to  under  7<f 
in  the  shade.  The  fronts  are  bardly  worth  inentioning,  aft  the  mihicnoin  rsgislif 
is  seklom  belnw  40*^;  but  ^oiith  of  Aockland  fihiirp  white  fronts  occur  verj  ofleo, 
more  e^peciallv  beyond  ij8°  of  laiitode,  and  sno^  lies  upon  the  BUmmila  of  ioint 
of  the  bigbettt  hills  or  mountains  in  winter 

Physical  Feaiurea. 

This  land  district  maybe  said  to  have  nn  real  mountains,  a»  the  mostpromi^ 
nent  peaks  of  llio  sevend  Foattered  ranges  or  ktilU  se'dom  exceed  3,000 fi.io 
height  aHove  the  nea  level,  an  alcitiide  juHt  enau(^h~sout>i  of  38^ — ^Vo  olovbe  ^ho 
llasit  1,000  ft.  v/i  b  snow  in  the  depth  of  winter.  North  of  Hokiartg^a  and  thf  Bay 
of  Islands  there  is  one  welldefint^d  ran^e  of  bills  n^ihg  to  a  h*'ight  of  2  163fl, ; 
whilst  south  of  thf  Bo'  pbceR,  and  extending  to  the  Wnirot  Hber  on  one  side  and 
the  Whaotjarei  Hnrbour  ypon  the  oth'-r.  the  country  j*  all  more  or  ifts«  hrok«a 
into  ranges  from  1,000ft.  tr>  2,000ft.  in  height,  wiih  valleys  be;tw*cn.  Tl»e  oeil 
really  v%ell  developed  tiain  ram^e  li^s  v^ilbin  the  CoromsBdel  sud  Thamen  Penia* 
SUliL.  Wich  a  length  of  over  150  miies.  it  ha<  an  average  he  ght  of  over  S^SOOft.f 
coroniencirig  with  Moeban,  or  Cape  Colvilie,  2»935  ft,  :  next,  Te  Arolia,  a  peskoi 
8>17Gft. ;  and  ending  ai  Weraiti  with  a  heiehr  of  2,527  ft.  Tb^re  are  two  ctbtr 
well  defined  rance^^namely,  Tawniroa  and  Hsiituru— lying  between  the  west 
ooAet  and  the  Wtitpa  hasiti,  with  their  higlrest  peak  at  Pironsia.  which  rises  to 
3|156ft.,  and  la  oftt-u  snow  cspped.  There  are  other  rnnf^es  foiming  the  «altf- 
shed  betwt^en  the  basins  nf  ihe  Waikato  and  Waipa  Rivers^  and  dividtng  bolk 
from  the  streams  running  Into  the  westtrn  side  of  Lake  Tanpo.  Their  bigb«flt 
peak  IS  Pureora«  rising  to  3  J93  ft.  Tlie  eaMteni  side  of  the  laud  distiict  ts  occo* 
pied  by  a  very  broken,  forest  clad  cour^try,  known  as  the  Urewera  counry.  the 
average  height  of  which  is  about  2,500  ft.  This  ha«i  been  reserved  for  iheNatit«t. 
To  the  ease,  of  Lake  Tanpo  he  the  KAimanawa  Ranf^es,  of  about  1,500  ft, » aad 
generally  open  on  ihe  ndgeA,  with  valleys  clothed  in  beech  forests,  Ndkrl?  tbi 
wbolti  of  the  AucklanLl  Lfind  District  is  indented  on  both  coasta  with  harboitii 
and  arms  of  the  sea,  forming  a  cheap  and  easy  m^ans  of  access.  Of  riven,  pro- 
perly so  called,  there  aie  mly  two  of  any  great  length— namely,  the  VVairoa  and 
Waikato.  The  first  empties  itself  int-j  the  Kai para  Harbour,  a  large  artn.  ot 
rather  fiucceasion  of  arms,  of  the  s'a,  giving  hiiTidreds  of  miles  of  intAod 
water-carriage  to  all  pars  of  the  Counties  of  Hobson.  Otamateii,  iVdnsy, 
and  Waitentats.  This  river  is  navigable  from  its  mou<h  to  it»  jnnouiQ 
with  ics  tributarie^k  Waitvm  aud  McLngakahia,  a  distance  of  nitietv-^nt 
mi7(<i  from  the  sea,  and  lor  tott^  vrnXc*  \i  \*  Tav^xigaiXAti  Vw  i^x\\4h  <iC  W^e  btirdefl. 


TEB   AUCKLAND   LAND   DISTRICT. 


647 


k 


1 


» 


The  RiTer  Waikato  hm  »  coiir»e  of  200  miles,  menaiired  from  its  source  in  tli« 
Ruappfiu  MoHTjiuin  through  Luke  Tftiipo  Ut  the  sea  on  the  W©*t  Coftst.  It  ii 
nari^hlt*  for  riTi^r^iteamers  for  aeveiitj  fir«  iiiil(»i  from  it*  mouth,  micl  iti  tri- 
buUrr,  the  Wiiiim,  for  twentv  milei  from  it^i  tvnifliioiice  wiih  tho  Wftikuto  iit  N|jft- 
rimwahia,  Ario'lM-r  rivef  —  the  Thump*,  or  Wuihou — tliougli  of  uo  gfreat  lengihi 
affbrdi  a  vahiabb  rtii*ans  of  inland  iiaifrrAi'nBi^e.  aT^d  i»  narif^ble  for  i<Diall 
•teameri  for  twcTtty-fivo  miles.  Gerieirnlly  tpeaVing,  every  part  of  the  difttrict  ha* 
sn  abuttdant  water-siipijly,  now  and  Llieii  Ipseeoed  for  a  ihort  time  at  the  end  of  a 
»erj  drj  eummer. 

Plaint. 

Of  plaitiB  proper,  this  district  has  only  tlie  Btreich  of  country  called  Kainearoa., 
extendi  tiff  from  ilw  eastern  flifi©  of  Lakp  Taupo  (owai-ds  the  Bay  of  Plentj,  bU  more 
or  l««s  of  a  piiruire  rornintioiii  ;  the  fullfj  of  the  TlmTuen,  atid  the  di>ltiv  bet  wren  tbe 
Thi*mt»s  anri  FiAb{»  River*,  which  is  generally  leirel,  the  quahiy  of  the  soil  v»fyitig 
▼ery  much  in  difftTcnt  fmrts;  and  tlio  Ctntnil  Waiknto  baiiin,  nlrrady  tliirkly 
eettlfd.  Here  and  ihere  in  the  Nortli  tht-re  Mre  level  pliiteimx  of  rolii^unir  poil,  more 
or  lei»  densely  wooded,  and  along  thi?  mHin  rivers  there  are  stretches  of  It-rel  coun- 
trj,  but  there  are  no  large  plains  of  alluvial  soil  such  a»  the  Middle  Island  cmn 
•how. 

Lakes  ^ 

Of  theae,  which  add  so  much  to  the  scenery  of  acountry,  this  district  poeseMea 
fair  share,  (here  being  eight  principal  lakes,  with  some  twenty  or  more  fmaller 
ones.  To  the  north  of  Auikland.  in  the  Bay  of  Islands  district,  there  is  only  one 
lake  of  any  size^  calh'^d  Dm apere,  three  n^iLcs  by  two  miles,  an  old  cmtrr.  In  the 
Waikalo  arc  Ltikes  Waikare  und  Whangape,  the  Erst  six  miles  and  a  half  long  by 
three  miW  a<!ross,  and  the  second  five  TniJies  by  one  milt-.  These  lakes  are  generally 
frequented  by  Qumerons  wild  swans  and  duckfl,  and^  being  both  coTinected  with  the 
Waikato  River  by  navigable  creeks,  form  a  convenient  waterway  for  transport  of 
goods  1o  flettlfrs  living  around  their  shores.  All  the  remaining  lakes  of  large  sixe 
are  wilhin  the  watershed  of  lliu  Thrrmal  springs  District, and  are  m<o6tly  from  seven  to 
eight  miles  long,  and  from  three  to  six  miles  wide,  except  Tanpo  Moiina,,  the  queen 
of  the  North  Ijiland  lakes,  which  is  twenty-five'  miles  long  and  eighteen  miles  broads 
irith  A  depth  of  5iK)  ft.  The  scenery  round  its  westem'snore  is  of  the  most^ronmntio 
kind. 

'llie  greater  part  of  the  Auckland  Land  District  hat  been  covered  in  the  pa«t 

with  dense  forests,  which  are  now  fast  disappearing  under  the  axe  of  the  settler  and 
being  transformed  int-o  rich  pasture- land.  The  only  really  good  U»'own  lands  Et  for 
•ettlement  in  the  North  are  still  nil  covered  with  foreot,  find  must  be  deared  and 
town  before  any  returns  can  follow.  The  area  of  forest  land  in  the  Auckland 
Distrir-t  at  the  present  time  is  about  950,0(10  acres  north  of  Anekliind,  and 
2,720/^00  a«*res  south  of  it.  The  forests  contain  a  roiiture  of  trees  of  all  kinds*  from 
the  f^ani  kauri  to  scrubby  lea-tree  or  manuka,  but  all  the  hush  ts  useful  for  buildingi 
fencing,  and  household  purposes,  or  at  any  rate  may  be  converted  into  charcoal  for 
■ale.  Of  kauri  (the  most  valuable  tree  in  New  Zealand)  great  quantities  ar« 
being  jearlj  out  and  exported  or  used  for  home  consumption. 

SoiU, 

I  With  respect  to  the  soils  of  Auckland,  nowhere  in  New  Zealand   within  sucb 

short  distsncet  is  there  such  a  diversity  in  the  qualily— a  distance  of  hslf  a  mile 
often  inM.kes  all  the  diffr^rence  bet  ween  rirh  stiuvial  and  barren  pipeclay.  To 
the  north  of  the  Buy  of  Islands  and  llokiitnijiii  the  lands  are  chicily  rlsy  and  sand- 
stone, with  here  and  there  a  volranie  aren  inlerveninir*  In  and  iihout  the  vidlej  of  the 
Manifonniowae  Riv<:r,  in  the  FFokiaoB^a  County,  there  is  some  of  *he  richest  attuvinJ 
soil  in  the  diitriit.  Between  ilu*  Hokisniraand  Buy  o<  Ishinds  Hurhonrs  tliere  are 
Isrge  srea«  which  will  carry  pood  gra*«  and  fe^d  one  or  two  ►hfcp  to  the  acre, 
after  clean ng  and  laying  down  in  ^rass  t  and  there  is  also  land    highly  suitable 


* 


6ie 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TKAR-BOOS. 


u 


for  fruit-growing.  South  of  HoktaBgA,  and  between  that  place  and  the  Wairoa 
Biver,  the  loil  i»,  gen^mllj  »pejUcing,  very  good,  being  both  Tolcanic  and 
alluvmL  Immediatdj  eouth  of  the  fiaj  of  Iil&ndi^  and  extending  thence  to 
Whangarei^  the  toil  ib,  for  the  moat  part,  cky  lying  upon  sandstone  or  marl,  wiCb 
alhiviia  flaii  in  the  botloni*  of  the  TRlleji  j  but  these  are,  a«  a  rule,  verj  narrow. 
Within  the  Ptihipuhi  State  Fore  it  there  ]■  an  area,  taj,  of  16.000  aoret,  more  or 
leae^  of  volcanic  toiL  Approacliiiig  Whatigarei,  at  Hikurangi,  the  limeatone  oit>pe  out, 
OTerlying  coal  deposits,  and  raund  Whangarei  itself  the  eoil  become*  a  rich  toI- 
rsaiiie,  in  a  high  state  of  oy It i ration.  South  of  Whangarei  Harbour,  &nd  from 
thence  to  Auckland,  the  Orown  lands  generally  are  of  a  broken  character,  with  soil 
varying  from  alluria]  swamps ^as  in  the  case  of  the  Tokatoka  8wamp  of  16,000 
acres  -  to  the  limes ^one  areas  round  Maungaturoto,  the  sandstone  and  cl&j  Lands  of 
Bodnej  County,  and  the  poorer  clay  landi  lying  north  of  the  City  of  Auckland, 
which  littve,  however,  proved  eminently  suitable  for  fruit •growiDg. 

For  about  200  miles  south  of  Auckland  the  land  (with  the  exception  of  ih$ 
Cape  Colville  Ranges)  is,  generally  apeaking,  far  less  broken,  and  gradumilj  opeoi 
out  into  Urge  tracts  of  level  country  in  the  Waikat<»  and  Waipa  basins.  Immediatelj 
aouth  of  Auckland  the  aoil  is  rich  volcanic  until  it  is  gradually  superseded  by  tb« 
prevailing  clays  j  the  greater  portion  of  Manukau  Countj,  for  thirty  milee  aoutb  of 
Auckland,  may  be  dasaed  as  pastoral,  and  is  under  occupation  as  such.  The  Orown 
areas  availabti^  for  aetllemenl — say,  3,700  acres— are  chiefly  in  the  Ouu  Parish, 
varying  from  volcanic  clay  ro  ordinarj  clay  land,  forest*clad,  and  we^mdapted  for  pas* 
loral  purposes.  In  the  Countiea  of  Waikato,  Raglan,  Watp«,  Piako,  West  Taupe,  Ka- 
whia,  Waitomo,  and  Awakino,  there  is  a  still  greater  dlTersity  of  soils.  Raglsa 
County  containi  large  areas  of  good  limestone  country,  broken,  but  with  rich  black 
aoil,  and  carrying  most  luxuriant  grass.  The  lower  Waikato  country  constat*  of  clay 
aoil  and  extenaive  awampa.almoat  undr&inahle,  but  at  a  diatance  of  eighty  miles  from 
Auckland  ia  found  a  flat  and  undulatiDg  country,  Ijing  partly  within  the  Waikato 
and  Waipa  baains,  and  partly  within  the  Vidleja  of  the  Piako  and  Waihoa  Riven, 
formed  mainly  of  tlluTial  deposits  of  rhyolite  sands  brought  down  from  the  volranie 
districts.  In  the  Eawhia,  Waitomo,  and  Awakino  Counties  tliere  is  a  large  area  of 
eicellent  limestone  land,  a  considerable  portion  of  which  is  heavily  timbered,  with 
nutneroue  warm  valleys.  Most  of  this  land  has  now  been  acquired  by  the  Go- 
vernment from  the  Native  owners,  and  has  been  taken  tip  by  a  good  class  of 
scttlera.  Beyond  thia  there  ts  a  large  stretch  of  country  consisting  alternately 
of  open  valliys  and  forril-clad  hills,  a  fair  proportion  of  which  la  good  land, 
both  paBiorul  and  agricvilturaL  The  County  of  Coromandel,  with  portioDS  of 
Thames  and  Ohinemuri  Counties,  ie  chi*ily  deroted  to  tiie  mining  industry.  The 
aoil  is  nearly  all  claj»  the  land  very  broken*  but  suitable  for  pastnral  purposes  if 
cleared  of  the  denae  forest  that  now  covers  it.  The  weatern  portion,  lio«ever»  of 
theThatneAand  Ohinemuri  Counties  contain  large  areas  of  allurtal  and  fiwamp  landt^ 
now  in  the  handa  of  the  Crown,  but,  through  want  of  draiuage,  not  yet  arailmbLe  for 
settlement. 

In  the  County  of  Tau ran gn,  the  clay  lands  extend  from  Te  Aroha  HuuntAin 
to  Eatikati  entrance,  changing,  near  Tauninga,  to  sandstone  and  black  pumice 
aoil  of  rich  oharactrr,  which  im proves  towards  Te  Puke  and  Maketu»  where  the 
land  is  all  good,  and  more  or  less  volcanic.  In  Whakatane  and  Opotiki  Counties 
there  are  very  exten*i?e  swiimps.  of  which  large  portions  are  drainahle,  and  back 
from  the  coast  seven  miles  or  so  are  large  areas  of  Crown  lands,  btoken  and  forsit- 
oovered,  opened  ready  for  settlement.  Tlie  soil  is  chiefly  clay  or  light  loam,  with 
alluvial  flats  in  the  valleys,  and  all  well  watered.  This  kind  of  country  extendi 
to  the  boundary  of  the  land  district.  The  coastal  lands  are  nearly  all  alluTud  flats 
In  a  high  state  of  oultivationi  and  the  aettlers  mostly  well-to-do. 

Ssmew  of  Soilt ;  Umcm  and  EetmmM> 

Briefly  to  set  forth  the  capabilities  of  the  Crown  latids  in  the  diatrici,  it  iriU 
auffloe  to  aay  that  nonli  of  the  Bay  of  Islands  and  Hokiangn  the  land  Is  suitable 
ehieBf  for  two  claeaefl  of  peTion*— 1\^«  ^um-dv^^cr,  and  the  fruit-grower  or  smdl 


THE    AUCKLAND    LAND    DISTKICT. 

farmer.  Th«  former  hw  the  range  0T«r  !ar|ro  areas  of  Crown  lands  upon  pacing  a 
itnall  fee*  and  bit  earning!  average  from  5i.  to  IQi.  a  daj.  At  for  the  latter,  in  aod 
around  Uoktatiga^  witb  tts  2^0  milea  of  water- frontage,  alrnoit  anjthini;  can  be 
frown.  The  soil  ii  well  adapted:  for  the  cuItiTAlLon  of  grapei^  and  an  eicetleot 
wine  U  being  manufaclured  At  Kohiikohu,  Orangei  and  lemona  Sourish  aide 
bj  iide  with  all  kinds  of  apples,  pears,  and  plums.  Wheat  doea  fairlj  weU* 
and  maise  gives  a  return  of  50  to  60  bushels  an  acre.  Sheep  also  thrive; 
and  moet  of  the  lands,  when  properly  graaned  with  artiScial  gnases^  will  oarrj 
iwo  or  three  tlieep  to  an  iicri?,  hut  ordinary  rough  grassed  lands  only  one  and 
a  half  to  two  Bhre]i>  per  acre.  The  clearing  of  fort'st  landii,  ring  fencing  and 
grassing  them,  will  coat  about  £3  to  £3  IDs,  per  acre.  The  «ame  remarks  apply 
to  the  Baj  of  Inlands  and  Whangarei^  and  to  the  cotintrj  as  far  south  a«  Auek- 
Land.  Round  about  Whangarei  dittriot,  and  under  similar  conditions  of  culture,  the 
average  return  for  good  agriculturtil  or  p'laioral  lands  wouM  be  fully  l£s.  an  acre 

Kr  annum.  South  of  Auckland,  throughout  the  Waikato,  Piako,  Waipa,  and 
kglan  Counties,  and  thence  «outh  to  the  distriet  bourMlariei,  the  land  is  both  agri* 
miltural  and  pa«toral.  All  the  cereals  do  well^  wheat  averaging  27  to  30  and  up  to 
40  bushels  per  acre,  and  oait  2B  buahels  per  acre.  Potatoes  avemgr  from  6  to  7  tons 
per  acre.  Dairy -farming  it  earned  on  ^  yielding  (upon  well  c<iltirated  farms)  a  net 
profit  of  15«.  to  2i^s.  ail  aere  per  annum;  whilst  iheep-farmine  yields  a  profit  of 
from  5s.  t4^7s.  6d.  a  sheep  per  annum  on  ^ery  large  estates;  allowing  for  greater 
losaet  from  diit^ase,  &g.,  the  a?era^e  return  would  still  be  4s.  per  sheep*  The  ooet 
of  clearing  fern  and  scrub  is  generally  from  7s,  to  lOs.  an  acre,  and  laying  down 
fern  land  by  tur  face-so  wing  and  harrowing^  about  17s.  an  acre. 

The  seaward  counties  of  Tauranga,  Whakatane,  and  Opotiki  are  both  a^ri* 
oultural  and  pastoral,  growing  wheat  and  moixe  alike  to  perfection.  In  fact,  these 
oountiei,  upon  their  alluvial  shorei  and  uplands^  grow  the  greater  portion  of  the 
matte  produced  in  the  diBtrict,  and  from  the  p  ►rta  of  Whakatane  and  Opotiki  in 
one  year  some  34,000  sacka  hare  bren  exported.  In  these  counties  the  average 
yield  of  wheat  is  from  S£^  to  25  bushels  per  acre,  oats  about  29  busheU  per  acre,  and 
maixe  4&  to  60  byshels  per  acre.  It  is  quite  poesihie  within  thi«  di^itrict  to  select 
land  early  in  the  winter,  fell  and  burn  oflT  by  the  ensuing  Bummer,  sow  in  grass  in  the 
autumn,  and  put  on  stock  within  twelve  monthe  from  selection. 

Rain/aU. 

The  rainfall  during  the  year  averagefl  about  39  in.,  the  greater  portion  of  which 
M  a  ry.le,  falls  between  the  1st  of  May  and  1st  of  November,  or  during  the  winter 
and  spring  months.  Owing  to  the  constant  changes  of  wind,  eauned  by  the  conBgU' 
ration  of  the  coast- line,  the  shorlneea  of  the  distance  between  the  two  roasU,  and  the 
infiiience,  greater  or  lesa,  of  the  trade-winds,  it  is  quite  common  for  one  neighbour- 
hood to  have  double  the  rainfall  of  another,  even  though  the  two  he  only  twenty 
miles  apart.  Droughts  of  more  than  a  eouple  of  months  are  practically  unknown, 
and  graaa  ii  always  abundant. 

One  of  the  chief  means  whereby  the  great  healthiness  of  the  climate  is  main- 
tetned  is  the  constant  presence  of  fine  breezes,  blowing  both  summer  and  winter,  the 
prevailing  winds  being  nortlveatt  and  south- west,  and  very  seldom  passing  into 
really  heaTy  g'^l^M.  In  the  middle  of  summer,  the  sea-breeze  during  the  day  and  the 
land-breeze  at  night  are  almost  unvarying* 


Chief  Centres  and  Surroimdin^  District*. 

The  City  of  Auckland  lies  on  the  southern  shore  of  the  Wattemata  Harbour, 
on©  of  the  finest  havens  in  the  cn^lonv,  on  a  narrow  neck  of  land  between  the 
Waitemata  and  the  Manukau.  Alike  from  the  sea  and  from  the  neighbouring 
hills  the  city  and  surrounding  country  present  a  charinini  picture.  Etpeeiallj  fins 
arc  the  views  obiain/tble  from  Mount  £den,  a  volcanic  liilil  some  644  ft.  abovo 
•ea  )«val,  and  from    One   Tree   HilLj    both   situated  in   il\a  %ub\u\i«.     TVvttM  ^t% 


k 


/ 


650  NEW    SKAJ^AKD    OFFICIAL    TSAH-DOOK. 

k1m>  pointf  of  hUlorio  inferc^tf^  jnaamuch  at  they  were  held  «•  fttrongholda  durtng 
the  tnbul  nor*,  A  futoirrit*  drive  is  that  ili rough  CornwHlt  Park,  ia  the 
TicinttjT  of  One  Tree  IJilil.  Pneiiig  Ihe  l<jwn  are  the  green  hills  and  whii4 
bouoet  of  the  North  Shore,  and  the  remarkable  UUnd  pe^k  af  R<infptoti>; 
bejODd  Me  the  mnny  i»kTids  of  the  H»ur»ki  Gulf,  with  the  blue  hille  of  Cofo- 
mattdel  and  the  Great  Barrier  in  the  far  diitance.  Cluttered  near  the  fool 
of  the  hill,  and  soatterird  for  manj  milee  to  the  Boutbward,  are  eharniinj£  viUa-like 
bouir*B,  with  ta«t«ful  gardena  and  ihrubberies^  while  to  tlie  norlh^weet  ttie  view  n 
closed  bj  high  wooded  ranges.  The  oily  has  an  eiceltent  eonitnercial  positioo; 
it  hat  communication  by  tea  with  both  side*  of  the  Itlatid,  while  the  Kaiparm  sjid 
Wairoa  Kiren  leading  fur  into  the  northern  penin!>uia,  and  to  the  south  the 
Waikato  and  Thames  Rirers  leading  into  the  heart  of  the  I«)and,  gire  il 
natural  facilities  for  inland  communication.  The  latest  census  returns  (1906)  gite 
the  population  of  the  oitj  and  suburbt  aa  82J01.  The  cttj  is  well  supplied  with 
gae  and  water^  and  amongst  public  buildings  niaj  be  noticed  Qoverntnent  House, 
the  new  GoTemment  OtHcefl,  Po«t  and  Telegraph  Odices,  3 iipreme  Courts &c*  THefs 
ia  a  Free  Public  Librarj  and  Art  O&llerj,  and  a  good  Museum,  containing  what  ii 
probably  the  beat  Maori  collection  in  the  world.  The  Auckland  Unirereitv  Colle^ 
Lf  aSlliated  to  the  New  Zealand  University.  There  are  eeveral  fine  bniiiingi  in* 
eluded  amongst  the  places  of  worship  in  the  city  and  suburb*.  The  Victoria  Arcade, 
the  Exchange,  Harbour  Board  Offices,  hotels  and  clubs,  a*  well  a*  many  commercial 
buildings,  (Tompure  farourably  with  those  in  other  parte  of  the  colony.  There  art 
admirable  recreation-groundd^  including  the  Government  Domain  of  about  i80acf«a, 
a*  well  as  the  Botanic  Garden  and  the  Albert  Park  in  the  centre  of  the  city.  Then 
ia  an  electric  tramway  syslefn  extending  through  the  city  and  the  suburb*.  Anek* 
land  has  ninnerou*  inditstries,  inoludingf  amongst  others,  ship-buildiDg,  tugar* 
refining,  timber- con  verting,  sash  and  door  manufactories  j  rope  and  twitie,  potteiji 
brick  JLiid  tile,  and  Tarnish  works  ;   prtn ting- offices,  &c. 

The  City  of  Auckland  is  the  centre  from  which  radiate  all  railway*,  roail,  and 
steamer  rouies.  From  it,  by  raiL  ti^i  the  way  to  all  Crown  lands  south  of  tha 
Waiiemaia,  while  the  Kaipara  Hallway  (Minnect*  it  with  the  country  north  of 
Helens rille.  All  krid*  to  the  north  and  along  the  Bay  of  Plenty  are  reached  from  tfci 
wharTc*  by  the  Northern  Coiopanv's  steamers.  The  chief  centres  to  the  north  are  t — 
Wnrk worth,  on  the  Ea^t  Coasts  over  forty  mileii  from  Auckland,  with  com> 
munication  by  ooticli  and  steamer.  It  is  a  thriving  town»hip,  with  post  and 
telegraph  offltce,  public  hallSf  hotels,  Ac.  It  is  also  the  site  of  important  hydraulic* 
lime  and  cement  works.  A  good  deal  &(^  agricultural  and  pastoral  farming  ta  oarr^ad 
oQ  in  ite  nrighbourhood. 

On  the  West  Coast  an  important  centre  is  Hetensvilte,  on  the  Katpara  Harbomr, 
distant  thirty-eight  miles  from  Auckland^  with  which  it  i^  connected  by  naiL  It  hat 
eonveniencea  requireil  by  traTeller*  in  the  shape  of  hotels,  stores,  Ac,  and  ia  tht 
stariing-point  of  the  rirer^itieamers  running  to  all  places  in  the  Otamalea  and 
Hobson  Counties.  It  is  also  one  of  the  main  centres  for  the  einort  of  balk  timber* 
North  oi  IJclensTille  the  raiUay  baa  been  opened  to  Kaipura  Flats,  sin y  two 
mile*  from  Ainkland.  The  line  is  under  eonatruction  to  VVelUrordp  and  will 
efcntually  be  carried  on  to  Maungatapere. 

Dargarille,  on  the  Wairoa  River,  is  a  town  of  about  GOO  inhabitant*.  wUh 
convonifncea  for  travellere.  It  may  be  reached  by  rail  and  steamer  from  Auckland 
three  tiinea  a  week.  Darguville  is  the  starling-point  of  the  K<*ihu  Valley  R»ilw»yj 
which  is  open  fnr  traffic  for  »erenteen  miles  from  the  town,  and  from  thefemunusoif 
the  railway  all  the  Crown  lundei  in  the  neitfht>ourhood  are  reached,  eren  so  far  north 
as  Uoktanga.  The  town  is  also  the  centre  of  a  Tery  large  timber-export  trade.  Thrre 
are  only  two  townships  on  the  we«t  of  any  importance  north  of  Darg^Tdle — Porl 
Rawene,  or  Hokiangn,  and  Kohuke^hu,  about  tire  mile*  further  up.  Both  have  poll 
»nd  telegraph  «taiions,  and  hotel*i  with  fortnightly  ateatn-com munication  from 
Auckland. 

Whangarei,  on  the  Ea«t  Coaet,  i*  distant  ninety-fire  milew  from  Auckland,  with 
irlircL  Jt  hi^  iteam-oominuniicaivoiv  iViTea  Vvvia,a*  ib  w^^W.  Tlie  town  is  a  thriiing  and 
impor lAo  t  place ,  ha  v  in  g  a  po  p  ulaUou  ol  aV>o\x\.  %  ^Vi^  ^%xA  V*  VXvfc  ^uVi%  ^\  ^  Nkxv^ 


3 


THB  AUOXI^ANB   LAND  DI8TBICT.  6dl 

cultaral  and  pastoral  eonntrj.  In  ihe  nmf;bbourhood  is  alio  a  larfirp  coat 'bearing  and 
gmii-anW-tifiiWr-pfO^liidMg  district,  wliile  the  ex|>ort  of  orangei  and  lomoni,  wljich 
tliriiT^  niagniBmttljon  tfie  rich  volciitiic  •oil,  ii  oti  tiie  iiicrf*iis«.  Frum  here,  all  landi 
within  a  rrtdiii§  of  thirl ^  lo  furij  milea  umj  ba  vtPited  bj  bortc^  t^ania^e,  or  miL 
Opttii  Wlittrfj  about  tiirrc  inilfB  south  of  Wbanj^arei,  in  ll*e  [jr«««tit  emimieneing- 
poini  of  the  rtil*«a)-hiie  |>Afi«ing  (liroi^gh  Wlmngarpi  and  Kumo  ta  Ifykerermi,  a 
di*lMtw»  of  Hboiit  t*fiity-*hree  mifea.  Tl'itt  line  will  ulilmaielT  join  ihut  at  prf^etit 
ConftrneU-d  for  ei^Ht  tnde*  in  a  nouiherlj  dir«>riion  from  Kawttltanra.  KuiImuj- 
fonnatMn  is  Winjr  piiil'ird  on,  und  lU^re  ia  iio*r  onlj  n  distntn-e  of  ninfl  inilsi  fccj  be 
eotnjijtftcHi  when  Kii«i»li»*wi»  will  he  cuimeelrd  bj  rtiil  witli  WImngaren  A  liridj^e 
hat  been  bidh  over  thfi  Whan^rei  River,  and  Lhe  work  of  forir-inif  a  rail  w»t  if"  bfing 
proceeded  wiih  frum  Op»y  WlwrModrep  water  nt  Griilmnikto«n,  three  nnlen  distant* 

Kawakawa,  at  the  head  of  Lite  tidui  pi^rtion  of  t\w  river  of  tlie  eaine  name,  ia 
connrcted  bj  a  short  Taiiwraj-line  wiili  Opua,  the  callingplaee  of  stramere  from 
Auckland.  Kawakiiwa  poisenves  good  inns.  From  it  coarhei  rviti  weekly  to 
Hokianga  and  llukerentji.  Jt  is  the  centre  of  a  conl  and  gum  ii]du»trv,and  a  port  of 
lading  for  thi>»e  producti.  The  old  lown  of  Rui*«ell  ^fonnt^rlj  called  Koromreka, 
•iiuuted  further  down  ibe  bnjt  and  haa  a  good  hotel,  beptdea  having  a  post  and 
telt^grapli  olHcf^  To  Whuntfaroa,  Mangonui,  Awanm,  Hohoiira,  and  ^arengarenga 
tlie  Nopfliern  Compan/'a  ateamert  run  every  week.  Whangaroa  ti  famed  for  tta 
eiqiiiatte  acerterj,  and  Ib  tlie  centre  of  a  large  iitnber  and  gum  etport  trade. 
Mangoniii  i«  the  ttarting-|H>int  and  centre  from  wliioh  lo  visit,  bj  carriage  or  horse^ 
ftU  Ibe  Crown  land  4  in  the  Mangcrnin  Count  j. 

80U1U  of  Ai^t'kktin^  fliopig  the  Wnikato  Railway,  there  are  numerous  t4>wnabi|M 
of  more  or  le»8  irnporiatice,  but  do  atari ing-|»oint  lor  Crown  landa  nntil  Mert^r  is 
reached  at  a  dtMtance  of  forij-lliree  milea.  It  ia  situated  at  (he  bordert  of  what  ii 
known  aa  the  Waikiilo  Country,  upon  the  Wnikulo  River,  wjiiclj  ia  tidnl  up  to  tfaii 
point,  nnd  tlie  town«hip  liaa  a  puft  and  telegraph  ullii-e  and  other  eonvenienoea. 
At  aixtj-fire  milea  from  Auckland  b/  rail  is  Hunily,  alto  on  the  VYaiknto 
River,  a  lVouri<hing  township,  wiili  a  large  output  of  valuable  coal.  It  haa  alao 
potterj,  brick,  and  ttle  wcirks.  On  the  opposite  aide  of  the  Waikato  River  large 
areas  of  Crown  lands  are  being  brouijht  into  use,  an«l  are  carry iitg  iminbers  of 
•beep  and  tmttle,  The  next  town  ia  Ngaruawahia,  or  Newra^tle^  ceventv  four  tnilea 
from  Auckland,  situated  at  the  junclion  of  the  Waikato  and  Wiiipa  Rivers,  wiifa 
botftls,  b»nk»  poat  and  irlegrnph  office.  It  ia  a  cfntre  from  which  portions  of 
Crown  landa  in  Raglan  County  are  reached,  and  alao  from  it  river- at  earners  run  north 
ftnd  south  to  the  varioiia  aetttementa.  Ngarimvvalna  1ms  a  llourisiliing  creanierj,  a 
brewery,  and  a  cooperage.  At  fi|£hty  fire  miles  from  Auckland  the  train  reachea 
Fraiikton  Junction^  where  lines  brniuh  off  lo  Hamilton,  Cttmbridgc,  le  Aroba, 
Paeroa,  Thamra,  and  Rotorna,  the  main  line  going  through  Te  Awamutu,  100  milea 
from  Auckland,  to  Taumarunyi,  175  wnles.  About  two  tnile*  h«*Tond  Tauinarunui 
the  Wanganui  River  ia  rroa-ed  on  a  fluh»tantial  etpel  bridge,  which  is  aiadable  for 
both  rond  and  rKilwtiy  tnitntr  The  rail*  are  laid  for  serenloeii  milea  beyond  this 
bridge  to  a  point  known  aa  Oio,  but  OTily  material  and  goods  traina  are  run  at 
prcK-ent,  the  pfta-*engcr  iritina  nmkidg  THumarunui  tlieir  lerminuf.  Tire  formation- 
work  on  the  rrtitway  ia  bring  actively  iirotefded  with  towani*  Raurimu,  the  adiAnce 
worka  nov  rfaditng  to  a  di-*iance  of  over  two  hundred  nulea  from  AuckUnd. 
Waiii.arino  (*ilXJ  uniea  frmn  Auckland)  ia  the  suntmit  of  the  linOi  the  Uetglit 
above  ftealerel  Kere  bring  2,f>f>0  ft* 

Te  Awanmtu  is  a  tliritriniE  town,  and  ia  eapecially  Engliah^lookiiig  with  its 
Dto^ly  cultivated  G«*ldft  and  weh  ki^pt  hedgea  Taumarnnni  ia  mil  only  the  temporary 
railwny  lermiivna,  but  is  alao  the  point  where  the  Witnganiii  River  tra(Fic  connrcts 
with  the  rtortht^rn  milwuy  ayatem,  and  in  bccon-ing  in  consequence  of  tlii^  a  re^tular 
touriat  rr*aort.  A«  the  train  reaches  the  town  in  the  evenittg,  and  leaver  for  Auck- 
land early  on  the  following  morning,  traTellera  sti*y  the  ji'ght,  and  a  verr  good 
ftC4'omntoiitttion>bouae  eiists  for  iheir  conveiiience.  Taumarunui  la  al«o  au  itiiportant 
Native  cent  re. 

Uainilttin  ia  a  buay,  flouritihing  town,  aituated  on  both  tides  of  the  Waikata 
River,  wiih  a  papulation  of  about  2,150  fiertona,  arid  ia  the  centre  of  an  agrfcuhura] 
mud  pastoral  district.     It  posaesaea  a  creaiuery»  flai-iuill,  brewerji  mud  two  aoa^- 


4 


652 


KCW    EEALAIfD   OFFICIAL    TBAfi-BOOK. 


jhotoriei^  betidffi  other  \ootd  induilri^t.  C&mbridgi*,  ftbotii  thirU^co  toiIm  bj  roftrf 
mpd  ftfreen  milri  bj  mil  from  H&miUon,  has  a  popubtion  of  About  1,250,  mnd  it  Ihr 
beadquArien  of  the  F»rm*r»*  Club,  U  is  a  bu»T,  thriTing  towDthip,  •urrountied  by 
goofi  fmrmitig,  etntjntrT.  At  Maungftltoua,  neveii  or  ei|*ht  irtilct  froiii  CumhriH^f^  Uit 
Gorernment  ba*  e«<tnb1ipbed  an  insiitution  lor  eonttimpttT**!,  known  as  Te  WftiUto 
Snnalorium.  Tha  mir  i»  in  the  ranges^  at  an  eleratiun  of  about  1,00<J  ft.»  and  tbt 
climaie  i»  Wfll  Ruited  to  tho  treat  ment  of  pulmonarr  complaint*.  Bi'tireen  Haoiil^ 
ton  and  Cambridifp,  and  in  the  countr;  rounds  there  are  numeroua  crearoeriN, 
cheese  and  butler  factori^t.  Wine  and  eider  makinf;  is  al»o  «ucce»iifullj  punued, 
and  thi^re  are  eereral  apiiirieSt  from  which  large  qiiantitiee  of  honej  are  produced. 

One  hundred  and  fifteen  raiie»  from  Auckland  by  rail  ia  Te  Aroba^  a  quirl 
townBhip>  relebml^i  for  it«  tliermal  BpriogR  aud  medicinal  mineral  wntert,  with 
good  hotel*.  Tbo  population  h  about  1JO0.  Another  thirti^n  tnile«  bringt  the 
iTATeMer  to  Paerou,  a  centre  of  nvining  induitrj  -  whence  a  branch  line  12}  mile* 
long  connect*  wilh  Wathi  (popuhition,  5^600),  a  gold-mining  town — and  in  another 
twenty  ndle*  the  'D^amen  Borough  is  reached. 

The  telllementg  at  the  'ilmmei  and  Coromandel  are  etaentiallj  mining  towa 
*bips.  The  irst  i»  niluated  fortj-two  miles  bj  steamer  from  Auckland,  an  the  Firth 
of  Thames,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Waihou  River.  It  haa  a  population  of  about 
9,7*^0  persons.  There  is  datlj  rail  and  steam  communit^tion  with  Auckland,  the 
Ailmaj  sino  connecting  it  with  Paeroa,  Te  Arohe,  Waihi,  Roiorua,  Ac.  CoromandeJ 
it  about  ihirt}<6ire  mile*  from  Auckland,  with  nhich  it  baa  constant  communicatioo 
by  steamer;  it  i*  another  mining  centre,  situaled  at  the  head  of  a  pirtureeque  bar 
hour.  Tauranga*  with  a  papuhition  of  about  1,050,  U  situat^'d  on  the  harbour  of 
thai  name  in  the  Bay  of  Plenty.  Coaches  run  thither  from  the  Thamee,  and  from 
Rotorua  ;  it  ba»  also  constant  communication  bj  steamer  with  Auckland,  and  with 
Matata,  H  hakatane,  and  Opotiki.  From  the  fact  of  the  harbour  being  the  oolj 
one  on  the  eait  coast  bet  ween  Coromande!  Peninsula  and  Oisborne  capable  of  n* 
ceiting  larne  Tes«els.  the  town  is  bound  to  be  of  importance  in  the  future. 

Opotiki,  the  S4-eond  town  of  tniportance  in  the  Bay  of  Plenty^  is  situated  about 
eighty  mile«  by  steamer  or  road  from  Taitranica.  It  has  eteara  comnmnication  with 
Auckland,  and  is  connected  with  Gisborne  by  meant  of  bridJe-track,  road*  and 
for  piirt  of  the  distanre  (Gisborne  to  Kaiterstahi,  thirl een  niiiej>)  by  railway. 
It  is  the  headquarierfl  of  the  maixe-producing  district,  and  has  nch  alluvial  lands, 
from  which  good  returns  are  obtained.  It  is  a  starting-point  from  which  large  blocks 
of  Crown  lands  suitable  for  paitoral  purposes  may  be  reached. 

The  Township  of  Roiorua  is  situated  on  the  shores  of  Rotortia  Xiake,  at  a  dis- 
tance of  171  mile*  by  ruil  frotn  Auckland.  Travellers  can  reach  Roiorua  in  one  day 
from  Auckland.  It  is  the  chief  township  in  the  hot-lake*  district,  and  has  also  a 
large  area  of  fairly  good  Crown  land  near,  adapted  for  pastoral  purpo«ee.  Con*' 
siderable  quaniitit*s  of  sulphur  are  obtained  from  the  neighbourhood.  (Seo  tpecia) 
articles,  Thermul  Spring!  Disirict.) 

Crown  Landa  aeaiiahU  for  Immediatt  SttiUmtiti  (834,169  AertM), 


SuTTejod  rural  hind 

BurTey*'d  ruitil  Utd  under  '*Thd  Bush 
and  Swtimp  Crown  Lands  Settle- 
ment Acf,  I9(«ii'* 

Uniurveyed  rural  land 

Uueurrejed  ruml  land  under  ''The 
Bush  end  Swuinp  Crown  Lands 
Set! lament  ALt,  I Dt>3 '*    .., 

Lease  in  perpetuity  under  Land  for 
Settlementi  Acti 

Pas1on»]  run« 

Small  grazing^runs 

Small  gnxiTig-rune  under  Land  for 
Bettbmt*nt#  Act* 

Hauraki  pastnral  leases 

To  WD  A 1 1  d  f  ir.  Vkge  \andB 
N^lif«  townthip  \&Tvd« 


i,7l2  acret,  in  76  •octioni. 


90.006 
67,6a2 


49.901 

14,461 

255.034 

6a,lS6 

39.960 
248,t6& 


in  491  leotiofiA* 


in  409  eeotiona 
in  10  rune, 
in  II  rune. 

in  10  runa. 


THE 

AUCKLA.VD    LAND    DlftTKICT. 

653 

Acttm, 

^^b  wiJcinoL  Countj 

^.1 

16  leolioni 

8,385 

|^^4]r  of  Ittltindi  Counly 

59  eectifin*,  and   990  acr««   ujniUT* 

11  ,267 

reyed  lnnd 

^ 

Coromandel 

ff           »*■■ 

6   s^'ction*,  and  3,576  acrea  unaur* 
Teved  land 

M 

jj 

M 

Haiiraki  paAlx>rttl  Ka««0    ... 

70,423 

flAAi  TnUpO 

« 

Uliiurvejed  laud 

5,940 

tt 

»»                        '♦' 

7  padtorHl  tinig  ... 

203  ,H86 

91       • 

tt 

2  luiall  gnizin^-funs 

19,288 

Hobeon 

(t                         *•* 

i  ieciiotid,   and  l,lt>0   icrei  unaur- 
Tejrd  land 

1  ,412 

Ilokiftnga 

M 

74  8ectioti9,  and  2,830  ier«t  UDtur- 
teved  land 

16,420 

Kftwhia 

1* 

UiiturT**3red  land 

2  .'^lO            ^ 

Munukau 

H 

5   leclioiii,  and  3,443  aerei  unaur 
Tejed  land 

4|2a4          ^1 

MaDgonui 

»l 

54  sect  ions,  atiii  8^714  acres  unsur* 
Tejed  land 

18 ,388          ^M 

OLiiEiemuri 

H 

21  eec'tions 

7,2Bi           ^1 

., 

11 

Uttumki  pastoral  U^rvi    ... 

65,144                 1 

Opotiki 

*f                    '•< 

211  tectiuns,  and  1,000  acres  uneur- 
Tejed  land 

1 ,317                 1 

Ol«m»te« 

»*                    •"• 

7  sections 

IBS                 J 

Piikko 

M 

43  secfions,  and  1^806  acres  unttir 
Tejed  land 

4  >42i           ^1 

Kagl&ii 

11                   .    ' 

4  sections 

1  ,030           ^^ 

Bodne; 

„ 

je^ed  land 

2,106                  1 

Rotor  a« 

II 

11   sfctbnp,  and   1,000  acres  uniur- 
Teyed  l*nd 

10,834           ^M 

,j 

If                   ■»♦ 

1  pustoral  run   ... 

19 ,460              ^ 

Tsumngft 

fl                   »"• 

20  »rction»,  And  21,491  acres  untur- 
TOjed  land 

24,171                   J 

Th&iDvi 

II                   ■*♦ 

2  if  CI  ions,  and  1,070   acres  unaur- 
Tejed  land 

3                  ^M 

n 

II 

Hauruki  pastoral  leases   ... 

112,fl98           ^M 

Wbangar«i 

II                  "■' 

SO  sections,  a tid   l!,3i8  acres  UBti^r' 
re^ed  laTid 

5  ,'i95          ^M 

WaiUto 

It 

27  sei-tiona,  atid  12,946  acres  unsur- 
vejed  land 

16,352           ^M 

»j 

II                 >** 

1  stitall  grazing'fun 

^1 

W»ipa 

If                 "♦ 

1  seel  ion 

^M 

Waitematft 

»l                 "»• 

49  sections 

4,288          ^M 

W  hangs  roa 

M 

14  seel  ions,  and  856  acrea  unsur^ 
Te^cd  land 

2, 32 J            ^ 

WbakftUn® 

M 

3  ifCtionSj  and  770  acres  unsurvejed 
land 

6 ,056           ^J 

,, 

»r 

1  pnatoral  run    ... 

^1 

»i 

II 

3  smjill  graEing'runs 

10  ,m\^       ^M 

We»t  Taupo 

»l                *>• 

39  lectio im,  and  42,609  acre«  nniur- 
rerfrd  land 

48,8i'5           ^M 

>* 

It 

1  pastoral  run   ... 

^M 

11 

II 

5  small  gmziiig-runs 

28  7BA          ^M 

^0  oounly 

9  Beoliontt  nud  1,3&1    acres  uniiur« 

Te\ed  land 
Town  ttmi  Tj|la(ze  land* 

fl 

^ 

Nstire  townsliip  landi 
Totft] 

■ 

654 


NEW    EBALAITD   OFFICIAL    TBAil-DOOS. 


Edeo  County  .,. 
OttiruAiem  Cuunij 
Piako  », 


Wiiikfiro 


Und^r  Land  for  SettUmtnU  Attt, 

19  vfotions  (workinoti'i  1»om«t) 

14  »rctioiit  (ritrAl) 
1i^  leotions  (town  mid  suburbAo)  . 

15  •eetion*  (niml) 
10  ftinnll  grasing  rum 
1*9  *iU«i5*  lot* 
1  si'ctioii  (rural) 
1U6  •«ctiutit  (workmon'i  Lome#) 

Total 

Grand  loUl 


Area%  which  are  not  yet  open  for  SeUctum^ 

Awakino  Count  v.— 5,203  acres^  mosUy  broken  forest  Iftad  of  good  qmJilj^ 
prime  pi*  11 V  lifni^B'one  forjimtion. 

Biyof  ItjIaudB  Coutuy.— 51,116  &ore<),  Abom  one  IlilIC  open  fern  tktid  %ii^ 
tree  lunds ;  ooe-hKlf  mix<^d  foresi;  Btii  geoeritUy  second'Clas^ ,  fairly  Aoc«nsit>li 
by  r  ladB ;  some  U\r  buflh  lnodi  at  Euapekapeka,  Trie  good  land  in  ihU  «oanlj 
la  mucfi  Bcacered.  A  blo^sk  if  6,700  acres  m  Oiuapore  Survey  DiBiciot  has  joil 
been  Bunreved,  and  \»  tiow  avail nble  for  &elei:Liot). 

Cofomaiid**!  County.— 2,337  acres;  generally  rough  fore^it  lands  r^ot  aof  ted 
f'>r  agriouUure,  excepr.  in  iai  Ut^d  pabobsi  of  Kmall  exient.  PosAibly  tbe  Cape 
OolvUle  E4iige  1b  auri'eraQB  ail  it^  length  through  tbe  county.  A  Q>»tiitideratlo 
amouni  ul  timber -kriurt  — is  f^till  in  tbe  banda  of  the  Crown.  Soil  gen^  rally 
fair.  Coroman^iel  poBsosseB  many  exodlent  barbours,  advantage  of  whiob  If 
taken  by  several  sawnull  eompaniea. 

East  Taupo.— 130,307  acres  broken  foreeb  land;  soil  light  and  iodiffercntv 
A  coach  road  Ironj  Tauranflt*  to  Napier  runs  tbroagh  this  rouiiiy. 

Hobsoii  County.  — 34,081  aoren^  about  6,000  acres  ci  which  ii  broken  forasl 
lands,  which  eatinot  bti  oflered  for  seicouou  uiiut  the  kauri  bas  bean  removed. 
The  remaining  land  i»  m  ^Btly  op«n,  gumbearing,  and  of  poor  quality. 

Hukianga  Coi^niy.— 84,318  acr^B,  Cro^vn  lands;  nearly  ail  forest;  soil  gene> 
rally  fair,  bui  tbe  btst  laiida  are  at  present  Inaccessiblfi  for  want  of  roads.  The 
large  exient  of  Crown  lands  lying  to  tbe  Sfuib  of  Bokianga  Barbour  is  of 
exceilent  qo&lity,  bub  a  good  deal  broken  aitd  forest-clad.  The  Crown  lands  to 
tbe  nortb  of  tbe  harbour  are  gi^nerMlly  of  good  quality,  but  aUo  broken^  but 
not  f-o  tnucli  fio  as  th' se  to  tbe  Boutb.  A  bJiJck  of  about  24  000  acres  in  tbe 
Tu  tan  ice  ai  d  Fun»kittre  Survey  Diplricta  is  row  surveyed.  The  completion  of 
the  road  from  Hokiatig^  to  Titkahue  bas  openi  d  up  a  l^r^e  extt^niot  bii»h  country 
for  fitttlemetit.  Tbe  Crown  oik n-<  a  constderaUe  exietib  o(  vainak^le  kauri  forest 
in  thia  county.  R>iwene  is  the  principal  irOwn,  where  there  are  a  p-  st,  telegraph, 
and  Stipetidiarv  Mttgistrate'**  offici-a,  Tbe  water  L-onimunication  tbrouRhout  the 
diatrict  in  oxtenBive.  Tue  soil  varies  much,  but  is  princkpally  clay,  though  the 
Wa^  ku  plateau  is  sll  volc^ioio.  GommunicaLton  weekly  via  Bay  of  Iblaads,  and 
fortnighilv  vta  ^ett  coast. 

Ka^bia  Ojuniy.— 4,950  acres,  forest  and  open  land,  generally  of  good 
quality. 

Mangonui  County.— 60,818  acres,  the  greater  psrt  of  which  is  ind^flerenl  *>n, 
with  a  vegetation  of  fern  and  tea-tree,  though  some,  RUch  aa  in  tbe  Her^ktco 
district,  are  first  clu^s  lands.  The  lands  in  Herekino  are  undulating, 
wooded,  and  at  pr^^Beob  difScult  of  accefis,  but  m  time  wtll  form  a  fioe 
settlemint.  Tbe  open  fern  lands  are  usually  clay,  and  only  f^uitabJe  for 
rough  oatth'-ruof:,  A  Ittile  kauri  forest  rt-matns  In  tbe  bands  of  Government. 
M ttngnnui  i#t  reacrted  from  Auckland  by  steamer  once  a  week. 

Manukau  County.— 5,230  aor^B^  mostly  open  lands  or  swamp,  tbe  soil  gene- 
rally only  medium.    The  landa  in  e&htarn  p«rb  ot  oonnty  are  very  good,  tmt 


THB  AUCED&ND  I.AND   DISTRICT,  655 

broken,  and  covered  with  mixed  foresL     GotDmiiDioAyoTi  by  road,  raft^  or  water 
in  thia  cou  ity  is  more  advanced  tbati  in  mosi  of  the  otberfl  iu  ihta  dtntriot. 

Opotiki  County.  — 12'J, 005  aorea,  nearly  ail  broken  forest  lands,  good  pastoral 
oounbrv.  Mnzd-f^rowing  tei  largely  carried  on  over  tbe  fl«b  Jatid-i  near  tb«  coiiat, 
wbich  buve  m  .atly  been  disposed  of.  Dpotikl  is  in  weekly  communication  mih 
Auckland  by  st-^imer.  Kxtemiv©  Hurve)a  are  now  proceeding  in  ttiia  county,  and 
cODcluded  iiH  lb{3  tirat  block  of  31,000  acres. 

Otamatea  Conncy, — 8,530  acree,  open  and  forest  lands  of  fair  to  mediatn 
quality.  Of  ihm  a<>out  4}^>U0  acres  m  aituatod  in  tbe  Tukatoka  Bwamp^  a  drain 
awamp  of  txcelJent  quality  ;  but  tbe  grenter  part  oi  tbis  cai^not  ht*  deah  ^iih  for 
80!iie  years  owing  to  existlDg  timber  rights.  A  block  of  about  800  aores  is  now 
under  survey,  and  will  prot  ably  be  opened  in  trie  apring. 

Piako  County, — lOt^GO  acres.  Tbe  Government  lands  are  broken  forest 
rftnget  near  Te  Aroba,  and  open  flat  land  near  Waotu.  This  does  not  tnclude 
the  Selwyu  Settlement,  undtr  the  Laud  for  Setilements  Act,  poriiotia  of  whicb 
are  still  open  for  application. 

Bagfan  County.— 3,000  acres,  tbe  greater  part  open  undulating  land  of 
medium  quality,  with  some  fair  patcbes. 

Rodney  County.— 2,600  aores^  mostly  forest,  and  a  good  d^al  broken  ;  bat 
wben  toads  are  made  a  targe  area  of  this  will  be  available  for  settlement.  Tbe 
•oil  18  generally  very  fair  day  land. 

Roto  ma  County,— 24.000  acres  ;  soil  generally  very  good,  but  light,  covered 
principally  vrith  mixed  forcsti ;  acoessibia  by  Hotorua-MorrinHville  fUiiway  and 
Hotorua-Tauranga  Road  from  Eotorua  Township,  A  block  of  about  B, 000 aores, 
fronting  Rolorua-TauraTifza  Road,  has  been  surveyed. 

Tauranga  Cmnty. ^24,816  acres.  Those  near  Tauranga  are  forest  lands  of 
good  quality,  but  broken.  The  forests  are  mixed,  the  principal  kimber-treea 
beipf!  rimu  and  matai. 

Thames  and  Ohinemuri  Counties.— Thames  County,  20,143  acres,  and  Obine- 
muri  County,  62,5^4  acres;  pardy  broken  forest  country,  unsnited  for  agriculture 
except  in  isolated  spots;  partly  iwamp  la^id  of  good  qualdy,  which  v^ill  be 
offered  for  selection  as  soon  aa  the  necessary  drainage- works*  are  oompteted. 
The  Ohinemuri  Gold  field  contains  p^ome  fiiir  agricuHural  land,  but  not  of  any 
great  eictent.  Thames?,  the  second  town  in  the  provincial  dislrict,  is  situated  in 
Tbatnes  County,  and  is  supported  princlpaUy  by  tbe  adjacent  goldBelds. 

Waitemata  County. —14,900  acres,  mosilyopen,  undulating,  but  inferior  soil, 
•ui table  for  fruit-growini^. 

Waikato  County.-  34,265  acres;  mostly  open  land  of  second-class  quality .  A 
good  deal  of  awn mp  and  iuftfrior  Und.  Extensive  ooalflelds  at  Maramarua  and 
Huntly,  at  both  of  which  pi  ices  they  are  worked.  Some  swamp  lands  still 
remain  in  the  handa  of  the  Crown,  generally  innUted  sections*  Communication 
is  easy — as  the  surface  is  generally  level — bv  rail,  road,  and  water. 

Wttitomn  County.— B  164  acres,  chiefly  forest  and  open  land<i ;  mostly  of 
limestone  formation  and  good  quality.  Access  ia  being  contitiually  improved  by 
roa^iA  in  course  of  cons t rue tiofi. 

Waipa  County.— 400  acres,  mostly  open,  gently  undulating  fernhills,  but  not 
flrat- class  soil. 

Wbakatane  Gr>anty, —  77.817  acres,  mostly  either  good  swamp  or  forest-clad 
rangei.  H«re  and  there  fair  ngriculiural  lands  are  found  near  Riclimond  and 
Wbakatane,  which  is  in  weekly  communication  by  ^tesmer  wiih  Auckland. 

Whangarei  County.  — 17,702  acres,  Crown  lands  ;  soil  generally  very  fait, 
mostly  bush,  occaki'inelly  a  g^nd  deal  brok^D.  In  variou-i  pLiceaa  fevr  farms  can 
be  obtained  of  good  quality,  mixed  agricultural  and  pastoral  land.  Wha^^garei 
Township  ban  daily  cutmniunioayon  by  steamer  with  Auckland,  and  exports  a  con* 
Blderable  quantity  of  coal,  timber,  lime,  and  fruit. 

Whangaroa  County,  —  B, 500  itcreit,  moaily  open  broken  land  of  inferior  quality* 
Whangaroa,  otlebrated  for  Its  beautilul  scenery,  ia  tbe  sice  of  a  large  aawmill 
industry. 

WeKt  Taupo  CouTity,-~6,146  acres  open  and  forest  land,  close  toTaumarunul, 
on  tbe  Main  Trunk  Railway  line. 


666 


NHW    SB  ALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOK. 


Timber. 

The  exteDBive  farcstfl  in  the  Auoklaiid  Diatriot  oootafa  maoy  nmben  of 
which  ihe  darftbility  and  abrength  are  of  eKtablUhed  repatatioD.  Of  these  tb« 
kauri,  wbioh  la  indigenous  to  tbo  district,  is  f^reatly  valued  Tb«  trees  o(teo 
attain  gigantio  Bize,  and  the  ^ast  gr<T»ves  create  a  profound  impression  upon  thOM 
who  view  them  for  the  firc^t  tinne.  Tnore  'm  great  deioaad  for  kauri  limber^  bat 
nmu  (red  piDe),  kabikatea  (white  pine),  and  totara  are  also  murh  uaed  for  build- 
ing and  other  purposei.  Most  o{  the  timber  is  dispoaed  of  in  New  Zea^anr)»  but 
during  the  year  ended  the  31tt  Do^mber^  1^5»  61,860,000  superfioial  feet  of 
hewn  or  sawn  limberf  valued  at  £278,623,  were  shipped  for  export  at  Auckland 
and  Kaipara. 

Recently  oompited  ret^roB  furnish  the  information  that  there  are  in  tb« 
Anokiand  DisirioL  58  Bawmills  employing  about  '2,iO0  bands  ;  but  the  nnmbeE 
of  peritons  engaged  In  bushfelltng  and  other  oocttpauons  in  connection  with  the 
timber  icdui-try  must  be  approxtm^tely  between  four  and  five  thousand.  The 
aggregate  ontting'Capacity  of  the  mills  Id  operation  is  about  250«000,000  ft.  pec 
aunomi  the  average  annual  output  being  about  188.000,000  ft.  The  ba)k  timber 
fs  brought  by  rail  or  alorg  the  ooast  to  Auckland,  where  it  is  sawQ  itjto  variooi 
sises.  Several  large  mill«  and  wood- working  establtsbmeuta  have  been  erected 
in  the  city,  and  also  for  a  considerable  distauoe  along  the  harbour  frontage. 

With  the  view  to  preserving  specimens  of  tlie  various  timbers  and  olucnpf 
of  forest  for  aGeuic  purposes,  the  Oovernmont  have  made  extensive  reserf«e  la 
vanous parts  of  the  dtstrict.  In  addiiion,  State  appoio Led  experts  are  engacpedia 
planting  foreat-brees,  and  in  nurturing  and  cultivating  young  Ir«e8. 

Kauri-gum. 

A  good  demand  continues  to  exist  for  rhis  unique  product,  which  is  found  fo 
the  Auckland  Dititrict  only.  During  1905  large  conHignmeuts,  totalling  10,883 
tons  and  valued  at  £661,444,  were  dir^poaed  of  in  America,  the  United  Ringdom, 
and  other  parts  of  Europe»  where  it  is  manufactured  into  varnish  of  the  finest 
quality.  A  proportion  o(  the  gum  in  also  utilised  in  this  colony  for  the  same 
purpose,  and  altogether  about  a  hundred  persons  are  engaged  in  the  manufactute 
of  varmah,  90  per  cent,  ot  which  is  disposed  of  locally.  In  the  manufacture  of 
varnish,  kauri-gum  is  said  to  have  an  advantage  over  even  the  best  Manila  oopaJ, 
Inasmuch  that  in  its  use  uniformity  of  quality  may  be  auticipated  with  a  greater 
degree  of  certainty. 

The  gum  industry  affords  emnloymant  for  several  thousand  men,  who  are 
engaged  in  dif^Ring,  scraping,  sorting,  and  packing  it  for  export.  In  its  original 
state*  being  of  a  viscid  nature,  it  exudoa  from  various  parti  of  tbe  treee,  and 
finally  nachea  tbe  ground,  where  it  solidifies  and  becomes  a  hard  ye(  brtttit 
substance.  The  principal  method  of  obtaining  it  U  as  follows :  Where  tbe  land 
has  been  denuded  of  kauri  tree^^,  a  long  rod  or  spear  is  used  in  penetraiiag  ihe 
ground  to  a  depth  varying  from  12  in » to  ^  in.,  according  to  the  nature  of  tbe  soil. 
When  lbs  exiaience  of  gum  has  been  ascertained  the  soil  is  turned  over  and 
tbe  deposits  uneartbcd.  These  are  of  dififi^rent  quality,  that  of  an  amber- like 
traosparenoj  being  of  the  highest  value. 

It  mlghc  be  supposed  that  kauri-gum  which  had  been  covered  by  earth  for 
many  year^i  would  have  in  const-quence  deteriorated,  but  such  ia  not  the  ca9« 
unless  the  soil  be  wet.  New  gum  contains  a  cbemical  property  which  provet 
troublesome  to  the  mannfacturt;ra  of  varnish,  whilst  that  which  has  been  im 
bedded  for  a  lengthy  period  doea  not  posaeas  this  defect.  It  bai  been  obtarved 
that  kauri  tree i  fiourish  best  on  high  ground ,  but  large  quantities  of  gum  are 
found  in  swampy  land  where  the  face  of  nature  appears  to  have  underj^one  a 
change  through  seismic  disturbance,  Tbe  value  of  swamp  gum  ia  generally  low 
in  comparison  with  that  of  gum  obtained  at  higher  elevations  ;  and,  indeed,  to 
some  instances  huge  deposits  are  found  in  tbe  swamps  which  are  of  no  oojn- 
mercial  value, 

A  few  years  ago  it  was  thought  that  tbe  supply  woiild  soon  become  ex- 
hausied,  but  a  compeieut  authodiy  of  lung  experience  advanoea  the  opinion 
tbAt  large  quantities  ol  gum.  ^\.\\  b%  tt\^\.K\\ii^a^«  V^x  tk  f^\ASL4«it%.V^la  period,  at 


THE    AUCKiiAND    LAND    D18TBICT. 


657 


depo>>[ts  are  coDtinually  beini^  tonnd   &t  greater  deptHi  thuti  brmerlj,  and  In 
locali'tea  where  it  was  belieired  thai  the  gum  was  oompletely  worked  out. 

Tb«  metbod  of  obtftiDiag  gum  hy  "tapping'*  the  truefi  baa  been  found  to 
8en<^u-ily  interfere  with  tbelr  deyet^^pmetii  i^od  stabilky,  and  it  in  now  con  Bide  red 
an  illegal  act  to  Dbtain  kauri-gum  by  this  meauR  from  trees  on  Crowu  landa. 

Flax  {Phormium  ten  ax). 
^~"  At  a  very  remote  period  in  the  history  of  New  Zealand  ihe  value  (A 
tbia  excellent  pr^iduct*  which  is  found  in  abundance^  wa«  recognised,  and 
long  before  macbinery  v^a«  introduced  by  Euripeana  tbe  Nativea  po««BA  ed  a 
meibod  of  succet'sfully  trenting  it.  Not  cnly  were  tb<  y  able  to  ua*  the  flax  in 
making  mata  and  comCorlable  Native  clotbing  for  theni's«lveB,  but  they  produced 
it  in  larj^e  quantities  for  diupo-al  to  the  eaily  traders  and  whalers,  who  turned 
Ihfi  inveiitment  to  profltable  account  in  the  market  of  tbe  New  South  Wales 

For  m%ny  years  pa«t  much  attention  bas  been  devoted  to  the  dreeaing  of 
flax  by  improvdd  methods,  and  the  Government  Imve  from  time  to  time 
greatly  encouraged  manutacturera  by  offering  a  Bubatantial  bonus  for  th« 
produodon  of  fibre  of  a  high-grade  quality. 

Through  out  thia  diatrict  numeroua  Eax^mil<a  are  in  operation.  These 
employ  a  large  number  of  people,  whilst  in  the  City  of  Auckland  some  forty-one 
hands  are  ent^aged  in  making  rope,  twine,  and  cordage.  The  manufactured 
articles  are  of  a  quality  whioh  bear  favourable  ootnpanson  with  those  imported 
into  the  oolony. 

Last  year  (be  quantity  of  flax  exporLed  was  8;I76  tons,  valued  at  £191, 827 » 
•bowing  an  inorease  of  l^llA  tons  and  £6,645  when  compared  with  tbe  6gurea 
of  1904. 

Gold  aiid  Silv4»^, 

For  many  years  past  large  quantities  ot  gold  have  hmn  obtained  in  this 
district,  the  auriferoUB-(|uariz  reefs  being  principally  located  in  tbe  Tbamep* 
Coromaudel,  Obmemuri,  and  Piako  Gouniiea.  The  method  usually  adopted  m 
Ihe  treatment  of  the  ores  is  the  cyanide  process  and  battery  amalgamation. 

During  the  year  ended  ibe  SUt  Deoember,  1905,  tbe  quan  ity  of  gold 
shipped  from  Auckland  was  232,215  oz.,  vilued  at  £935,602,  besides  which 
1,179,744  o£.  of  silver,  valued  at  £120,312,  was  exported. 

Tbe  famous  Waihi  Mi n**,  situated  in  the  Obinemuri  County,  steadily  main- 
tains its  reputation  as  one  of  the  largest  gold-producers  in  the  world.  This  mine 
employs  ^ome  Reven  hundred  men.  The  quantity  of  ore  treated  during  1905  was 
299,53!  tons  (2,0001b.  dry  weight  to  toi.),  the  bullion  realising  £728.521.  The 
total  value  of  bullion  yielded  since  the  company  oommenced  operation-i  amounta 
to  Ihe  large  sum  of  £1,573,701,  and  dividends  amounting  to  £1,924,617,  have  been 
distributed  amongst  sh art- holders,  thiw  being  exclusive  of  £120,847  pdid  an  income^ 
tax.  As  ti  e  a uriferona  quartz  r^efs  are  very  exlennive  in  ebaracteT,  it  is  reason- 
able to  predict  that  imm^uAe  quantiti*  s  of  ore  will  be  tre^ited  for  many  years  to 
oome  with  equally  satinfactory  results.  The  Town  of  Waibi  contains  a  popula- 
tion of  abont  5,600,  and  may  be  reached  by  either  steamer  to  the  Thames,  thence 
by  rail  via  Paeroa,  or  rail  the  whole  distance  from  Aucklatid.  The  time  occupied 
Id  visiting  Wnihi  and  returning  to  Auckland  is  two  days. 

Many  experienc  d  prospec  ors  are  still  engagt'd  in  exploring  other  parts  of 
the  district  wbere  aunferouN  reefi  are  known  to  exist,  whilst  the  futute  of  tome 
of  the  smaller  claims  which  have  been  pegged  of!  ia  anticipated  with  much  hope- 
fulneaa, 

Gonsidi^rable  interest  continues  to  be  taken  in  the  Sohool  of  Mines  at  the 
Thames,  where  the  inatruotion  impatted  is  keenly  appreciated. 

Coal  ^ 

In  various  parts  of  this  distrlot  extensive  coal-depnsita  exist,  and  miinfn^ 
operations  are  auoceEsfully  carded  on  in  the  north  at  Hikurangi,  Kamo,  und 
Ngunguni,  whilst  in  the  aoutn  the  coai-mine**  at  Iluntly  Aud  T«*ypiri  continue  to 
supply  a  household  coal  of  6ne  quality.  The  airnual  output  of  these  mines  ia 
about  190,000  tons,  moBi  of  whioh  is  oonsumed  Vooa^^V^ , 


^ 


NSW 


OPPICIAL    TBAU-BOOK. 


h 


-4 

•jnd  to  ^ 


The  C\ty  and  StxImrbB  of  Auckland  are  pnneip<i11j  lighted  by  ooaJ  g»a,Aiid 
ftbout  36,000  ion»  Is  utilUed  annUAlly  for  its  manufacture.  This  fa  brought  from 
Westport,  in  Uie  Sotxtli  li^land^  where  a  specially  suitable  coal  u  obiainsble  in 
large  quantiiiaa. 

Trie  value  of  li,5Q8  tons  of  ooal  exported  from  Aocklatid  duriog  1905  wat 
£13,643. 

Wool 

Thia  industry  does  not  reaoh  a  maximum  of  imporbaDce  in  ibis  district  a« 
compared  with  other  parte  of  the  colony*  the  aitentiou  of  the  eettlera  beiDg  chiefly 
oenlred  in  ihedair>ing  industry.  At  the  same  time  a  considerable  quantity  of 
wool  U  produced  for  export  and  local  use.  The  product  is  usually  of  eicelloot 
quality,  and  when  proptsrty  graded  bringa  the  highest  market  prices.  Ai«  the 
forest  landii  become  denuded  larger  areas  will  be  available  for  e beep-grazing. 
This  will  no  doubt  resuU  la  the  wool  Industry  being  found  within  a  fe«  years  in 
the  front  rank  of  importance. 

Trie  quantity  of  wool  shipped  from  the  AuokUnd  District  daring  1905  wu 
iJ93,023lb,,  valued  at  £180,244. 

Dairying, 
Some  Idea  of  the  pronperoui  condition  of  this  industry  may  he  arri 
from  the  fact  that  no  lesa  than  49.955  cwt.  of  butter,  valued  at  £233,058, 
2,445  cwt.  of  cbeese,  valued  at  £5,17 L  were  shipped  from  the  Port  of  Auckland 
the  United  Kmgdrm  and  eUewhere  dtiring  the  year  1905.  Distributed  over  this 
distriot  are  numerous  factories  and  creameries,  employing  a  large  number  of 
bands,  wtio  are  periodically  inatruoted  hf  expert^^  appointed  by  the  Qovernment 
AS  to  the  most  improved  method'!  of  dealing  with  the  manufacture  of  ch^ene  and 
butter.  Und^r  these  circumstances  it  can  os  easily  understood  that  the  io dost ry 
is  yearly  increasii  g  in  imporlance,  ina«muGh  as  large  quantities  of  these  com- 
modities are  being  produced  of  a  high  standard  of  excellence. 

I  Fishduei. 

I         At  present  about  430  boatq  of  various  sizes  are  engaged  in  the  fishing  industryJ 

'employment  being  thus  found  for  about  nine  hundred  people.      There  is  grea 

abundaTiC"*   and   variety  of  edible   fiah,  and  a  steady  supply  for  the    market   i 

maitita»nfd,  cont>iaiing  principallv  of  snapper,  mulIH,  and   flounders.      White-  ' 

bait  are  also  supplied  f r  ^m  the  Waikato  Biver  during  the  montha  of  Augosl, 

September,  October,  and  NoYember. 

A  small  quantity  cf  cured  fiab  is  exported  to  Sydney,  and  the  canning  of 

mullet  for  local  consumption  and  export  affords  employment  to  a  large  namber 

of  people. 

Gcjod  trout-ashing  is  to  be  obfained  in  many  of  the  rivers  and  streami  of  tbi 

distdo^  noiably  those  at  Okoroire,  Botorua,  Aiiamuri,  and  Galatea. 

Numerous  beds  of  rock-oyRters  exist  on  both  coaste^  hut  during  part  of  the 

year  thia  fishery  is  closed.      Large  numbers  of  oysters  are  forwarded  during  the 

open  season  to  other  New  ZenlaQd  towns,  and  tmall  consignmeota  are  shipped 

regulaily  to  Australia. 

L  Fruit  Canning  and  Preserving, 

P  The  soil  and  climate  of  Auckland  are  particularly  adapted  lo  fruit-growing, 
and  during  the  sea&on  the  supply  is  so  abundant  ihat  in  many  iuDiancas  it  barely 
pavfl  the  producer  to  ef^nd  it  to  the  local  nmiket  The  inciea^ed  interest  in  th< 
busitiesB  of  canning  is  mainly  due  to  this  fact,  and  already  the  proi^pccta  of  Ihe 
industry  are  g^od,  as  canned  fruits  may  now  be  obtained  cquiil  in  quality  to 
those  imported  from  California  and  elsewhere.  Fruit  growers  are  recog  i-ting 
the  importance  of  the  canning  mdusrry,  and  are  being  encouraged  under  the 
^Buprrvision  of  Govemmtnt  fxperts  to  cultivate  frui  a  espociAllv  suiiatJe  for 
nning.  There  are  five  Urmfl  in  this  district  engaged  in  tl^e  buKineefi,  and 
nployment  is  found  for  about  seventy  bands.  A  number  of  fiuir-grower*  art 
ilso  canning  fruits  in  a  tmaU  way  in  various  pajrts  of  Auckland  witii  mora  or  leas 


THB   AUCKLAND  LAND   DlflTKICT. 


659 


Al  Ibe  Tbamefi  and  in  parU  of  the  Waikato  goofteberriea  and  aptioota  do  wll. 
^Pe^cbeB  grow  a|ilendid1y  in  most  p^rta  of  Auckland,  aiid  ^itbin  a  >ew  year-i  large 
quantiii  &  hh  *uhi  be  availaHIt^  fur  can ni tig  purpos-e.  Apples,  pluma,  and  striw- 
bfTries  of  fine  flavour  grow  abuaiantU,  and  t»e  forra^r,  when  cart?fu.lv  packed, 
Bi«ay«  oommand  good  pricea.  Evaporated  fruilB  are  also  dispoaed  of  to  ad- 
vantage. 

k  Gfttmal. 

'  Auckland,  on  account  of  it*)  rpm*irkftbly  fine  harbour  and  flrstclasA  fihipping 
facilitUs,  possesses  many  local  iudiisiries,  ail  of  which  are  in  a  mjHti  BoaiUhing 
CO ad  Hi  on. 

Pefbaps  first  in  impoptance  ib  the  Colonial  S  tjfar  Cnmrany'a  refinery  at 
Chfl-ea,  where  nom&  2>0  band*  are  con^itRtitly  em  ployed »  Tno  extensive 
machinery  for  iba  trefitnu-nL  of  ibe  raw  maff  rial*  wbtci  is  b- ought  from  Fiji^  is 
capable  of  tunaimg  oul  l.OOO  tons  of  rt-fined  sug'^r  weekly.  Shlo'^L  of  the  nnipMi  ib 
coiifomed  in  tbe  c  ^Innv,  bat  a  proportion  »r  shipped  to  t'le  N«w  Healand  de- 
pendencies and  elsewhere.  Last  year  the  total  output  of  the  re&nery  was  about 
41,(XK>  tons,  tbe  quaii  ity  exported  being  valued  at  £4,30'X 

Amongst  tbo  more  recently  esbKblisbed  industries  are  the  paper  mills  at 
Riverbea^  on  the  tipper  reaches  of  the  VVaitcmata.  These  mills  employ  some 
thirty  four  haods^  whilst*  the  quality  of  the  paper  manufactured  is  entirely  satis- 
factory. 

Tbe  brick  and  pottery  business  affords  occupation  for  about  237  people^  and 
there  is  every  prospect  of  this  number  being  increased  shnrLly,  as.  in  consequence 
of  the  eMtension  of  tbe  electric  tram  wave  lo  various  parts  of  the  suburbs,  a  much 
larger  demand  exists  for  buildmg  mtiteriril. 

in  tbe  north  and  on  the  chores  of  one  of  the  best  barbonrs  in  the  colony 
(Whauf^arei)  an  immense  deposit  <  f  kaolin  has  been  found.  Various  teats  have 
proved  ihe  qualay  to  be  exceptionally  good  and  in  every  way  suitable  for  the 
ma  nu  fact  It  re  o(  chtu^,  crockery*  vtriHed  drain  pipes,  t  le  ,  dec. 

Within  ea'ty  diatance  of  Auckland  large  hydraulic  lime  and  Portland  cf'nient 
works  are  in  full  operdton,  ihe  annu  1  output  l>eing  from  25,0(JO  to  30,000  t  na. 
These  works  cinplov  about  a  buiiLired  aui  twentv  bands.  Th-^  quahtv  of  ihe 
eemeni  is  such  that  it  ii  extensively  used  in  conneciion  with  important  pubbo 
works.  Over  9,000  tons  have  been  iii^ed  in  the  const ruciion  of  the  Napier  lireak- 
waler,  whilfeit  at  New  Plymouth  and  in  other  pans  of  the  colony  large  quantities 
have  been  used  with  the  beat  rtsults. 

Tbe  Onebunga  WoolJen-millB  employ  ninety  bauds  in  the  manufacture  of 
blankets,  t^ee  s,  and  other  woullen  goods.  These  coiupare  favourably  with  auy- 
thii^g  of  the  kind  imptrtcd. 

Bes  des  the  in  kUBtriea  mentioned  many  others  equallv  successful  are  in 
operation,  including  meat  preserving  works,  Jlourmilk,  oil,  soap  and  caudlo 
W'^rks,  boot  and  Hhoe  f^ictories,  tan fj cries,  ironworks,  sbipbuildii  g  \ardit«  large 
priutiug  and  litbograpLio  works,  EtatiuDery  and  book  uianufaoturiug  e-tablish- 
ments,  Slq. 

The  Electric  Tramway  Company  employ  some  370  hand^,  and  mftintaia  a 
huge  plant.  In  1004  the  piwer  was  increased  from  1,50(J  Lo  y»5(»0  horse  power. 
During  the  year,  lo  3l-t  Dec- mber,  1005,  no  less  than  19,789^0^5  t  cwet;*  were 
issued  fo  priSbengcrs,  tbe  largely  tucreHged  trtiffic  ncces^i(.ttting  ^h^  construction 
of  Additional  CAr-^.  Those  built  lociilly  bavt^  proved  in  every  w.ay  s  itiBfuciory. 
Since  the  inauguration  of  the  eJectrie-c«r  servi.  e  tbe  congestion  of  population 
baft  beef!  (ireaily  relieved,  large  numbern  of  people  having  rem  7  d  to  th»*  suburbs, 
where  building  i*  proceedini;  at  an  ut«pre  edentedty  rapid  rate.  Auckland  may 
nobv  cl  im  to  be  one  of  tb^*  most  p>ogressive  ciiies  in  tbe  colonies. 

The  exports  of  colo*  iai  produce  Irum  ibis  poit  dur  ng  1005  w^re  valued  al 
£2,574,050,  an  incr<^ase  of  £131, 92i  on  value  of  stiipments  f^r  the  provioun  year. 


t 


660  NBW    JGEALAND   OFPICIAt    7BAR-BOOS. 

IHK    TABANAKI    LAND    DISTRICT, 

F.  SiifPsoy,  Chief  Surrejor. 

The  Tarsnuki  Land  Di  strict  19  si  tun  tod  on  tho  weittfin  iHe  of  the  Nortli 
Islmnd  of  Kew  Zealnnd,  at  Kboui  it«  widett  pfiri»  and  mar  be  Miid  to  be  the  moit 
eompact  and  fertile  dii-lriet  of  the  colony,  for,  with  iheexceprion  of  the  upper  half 
of  Mount  Kgmonl^  and  of  the  ran  get  adjoin  in  g^  vrhicb  absorb  about  36,000  iicrM,  the 
whole  of  the  area^ — minua  what  is  taken  uip  bj  the  riTrrii  etrrams,  and  lake« — i* 
•uitable  for  *^etilement»  and  certainly  two-thirdi  of  the  diitriet  it  good  land-  Th« 
froii  area  of  the  diatriet,  le  2,430,000  acre*. 

Phifmcal  Feaiurti, 

Ut  mountains,  the  princijml  one  is  the  beautiful  valcanic  cone  from  which  the 
district  takes  it<  name,  Taranaki,  other tfise  colled  Mount  Egmont,  which  \\m  la 
altitude  of  8,26<}  ft.  This  inauntain  is  the  centre  of  distribution  far  a  radtu*  of 
twentj  miles  of  the  roleanic  formation  krif>wn  as  the  "drift/'  whif^h  corers  the  ml- 
canto  rocks  below  an  altitude  of  3,000  ft.  HummockJ  composed  of  IraehTtt 
boulders  and  cement  crop  up  here  and  there  and  make  excellent  mt^tal  qti&rriea. 

Beyond  the  volcanic  formation — that  is»  from  about  Urenui  on  tlie  north  aad 
HaweriL  on  the  touth — the  country  is  generally  broken,  mud  the  formation  ie  known 
at  papH,  a  calcareous  blue  clay^  capped  in  many  plnces  by  shelly  hmeslone. 

The  fiortiiern  portion,  between  the  Tongaporutu  and  the  Mokau  Kir  era,  con* 
tains  also  limeitone,  greensandt,  and  coal  outcrops.  At  Panirau,  a  small  tributary 
of  the  Mokau,  about  thirty  tnilet  from  the  tea,  there  is  an  isolated  pat^ch  of  roicande 
airgloinerate  and  tufaa,  and  a  similar  formation  ia  found  at  (he  Dorth*e«atem  corner 
of  the  district. 

Kastward  of  the  base  of  Mount  Egmont  there  are  few,  if  any,  mountatnt  worthy 
of  the  name,  although  there  are  many  ranges  varying  lu  height  from  1,000  fl,  1^ 
1,500  fi.  above  8ca-k*Tel,  and,  in  a  ft'w  iuftances — fuch  a«  the  Matemateonga  and 
Waiaria  Ranges — ^they  run  up  to  2,500  ft. 

The  principal  river  is  (he  Wangnnui,  which  bounds  the  district  on  the  eaal  be* 
tween  Taumarunui  and  Pipiriki,  a  distance  of  about  ninety  miles.  lt« average  widtli 
varifs  from  2  to  3  chains.  For  nearly  the  whole  dtstnnce  it  ti  shut  in  by  high  preci- 
pitous hills,  and  in  many  places  by  perpendicular  walls  of  rock.  The  eoenery  is  very 
grand  rmd  benutiful.  Tlicre  are  numerous  rapids,  but  few  of  them  are  dangerouf 
lo  skilful  canoeists.  New  Zr-alund's  grfnt  scenic  river-trip  may  now  be  d^yne  in  i 
nuiihber  of  ways  Fr.>tn!  Wangmmi,  in  the  winttr,  tht^  sieamer^  run  tri*weekly  to 
Pipinki,  and  in  the  sunmirr  uiofitliB,  from  December  to  April,  daily,  except  Sunday 
atiid  Monday,  and  excur»ionfi>  arc  made  fr^ui  that  poiut  bo  the  ))eanLiful  upper  rea/^het 
beyood,  rt-tuming  10  Pipirili  House  in  the  evening.  The  traveller  can  then  return  to 
Wanganui,  takiuif  train  either  nnrth  or  south,  or  lie  can  take  coach  round  Ruapehu, 
Tongitriro,  und  Ngaurnhoe  to  the  Bob  Lakes,  or  may  go  on  up  stream  to  Moatn. 
Uutrick  and  Co  V  liouj^eboat,  sliiy  miles  beyond  Pipiriki.  returning  to  the  latter  poini 
the  next  day,  or  proceed  right  on  to  TaumittruinH,  thejunrl toning  point  at  the  head 
of  the  river  wtlh  the  new  Central  Railway,  taking  train  from  (hire  to  Auckland  or 
Rotorua.  Coming  down  sirftnu  the  traveller  ma^  take  the  train  from  either  Auck- 
land or  Raiorua  to  Titumarunui,  staying  there  o»erni^lit  j  take  tite  sieam  laundi 
down  ttrcam  (he  following  day  to  Pipiriki,  slaj-ing  then''  for  the  nig)it,  and  going  oo 
to  Wanganui  the  next  day  Front  Taumtirunui  bo  Pipiriki  is  about  eighty-four 
miles,  and  from  Pipinki  bo  Wiinganui  sixty  mile!*.  Good  ai^commodation  can  be  pro- 
cured at  the  huusebi>at  and  Pipiriki.  Measri?.  Hatrtck  and  Co,  have  a  fleet  of  twelr* 
iteamers  and  launches,  the  roi*te  biding  now  one  of  the  most  largely  frequent«*d  in 
the  colony.  The  fsrt^a  on  the  river  are  :  Taumarunni  lo  Pipiriki*  40^.  tingle  ; 
Pipiriki  to  Wanganiti,  13s.  single  ;  Wanganui  to  Pipiriki,  20s.  retunt ;  Taumaruimi 
to  Pipiriki,  60s»  ri?tuni,or  mce  t>r*<i.  Accommodation  at  Pipiriki  and  the  home- 
.  can  bt*  obtnined  at  the  rate  of  2s.  6d.  for  each  meai  and  bed.  The  eavea  a«ar 
Pipiriki  are  very  extensire,  and  rich  in  stalactites,  the  entrance  b^ing  hung  with  a 

1  of  ferns  and  liobens.     There  are  aome  magnificent  views  near  Ateue.      A  tnile 


I 
I 


THB   TAHANAKI   LAND   DIBTKIC'a.  661 

or  tiro  bflow  Pipiriki  tlic  bank*  of  the  riTer  riie  to  il  preat  height,  and  nre  yerj  im- 
poaing.  Froiri  iho  ctive»,  fur  tome  iiitj  Tnilet  to  the  hDiiB«boat,  the  river  flowt 
betwt^en  prrpemikiular  wall*  of  rock»  all  feelooiied  with  femi  and  lichens,  with  a 
baekground  oT  luxiiriant  hiixh  Orer  these  clifiTe^  fuLI  iiumeroua  Hr^nni^,  inakitig  a 
jtiece«aion  of  waterfalJa.  At  MiiDg&nui  a-tc>ao,  an  imiijpn^e  clilf  rhm  Liki:  a  otighty 
pilJa?  on  I  he  right,  and  the  nver«  meet  like  two  latiei,  wtilled  m  by  maaaive  pilea  of 
maionrj. 

The  neit  rirer  in  size  is  tli«  Mokau,  bounding  the  didtrtot  on  the  north.  It  is 
aarigable  for  bandj  ateaniera  drawing  frotn  7  ft,  to  B  ft.  of  water  a«  far  a«  the  coal- 
mine*, about  twentj  milea  from  its  mouth,  and  for  cano<>B  as  far  as  Tot-oro,  tweniy-aii 
miles  further  up.  Several  outcrops  of  coal  are  found  on  tta  banks,  and,  as  limeatone 
ia  al»o  present,  the  river  is  hkeljr  to  beeome  an  itnporiant  waterway  of  the  district. 
Tbe  scenery  on  either  aide,  altliough  not  on  quite  so  gmud  a  scale  as  may  be  seen  on 
th«  Wanganut,  is  Tery  beautiful. 

The  other  large  rivers  are  the  Waitara  and  Fatea,  The  former  has  iU  source 
about  midway  between  the  coast  and  the  Wanganui  River,  in  an  easterlj  direction. 
&rom  Pukearuhev  between  New  Plymouth  and  the  Mokau.  It  it  about  a  hundred 
milea  in  length,  and  runs  out  at  the  Town  of  Wait*ra,  some  ten  miles  north*eaat 
from  New  Plymouth.  There  ia  a  bar  at  the  mouth,  but  atpamers  of  diJO  tons  e&n 
enter  safely  in  calm  weather^  and,  although  there  are  numerous  rnpida  on  ita  course, 
it  is  navigable  for  canoes  for  about  ninetj  miles. 

Tbe  Fatea  Hiver  nttes  in  Mount  Egmont,  and,  after  traversing  a  tortuous  course 
of  about  110  mile»,  runs  out  at  the  eiirpme  soulhern  end  of  the  provincial  district. 
it  has  a  bar  harbour,  with  a  depth  of  13  ft,  to  14  ft,  ai^  spring  tides.  Steamers  of  from 
40  tona  to  50  tons  trade  regularly  to  the  Town  of  Patea^  which  is  situated  a  mile  or 
•o  north  of  the  mouth.     The  Palea  ia  navigable  for  canoes  for  fifty  mllea. 

Besides  theae  risers  there  are  many  amaller  onea,  and  streams  innumerable — in 
(act,  no  diHtrict  in  the  world  could  be  better  watered  and  at  the  same  time  he  so 
i«cure  from  disastrous  floods.  It  is  eati muted  that  between  the  Mokau  and  the  Fatea 
there  are  no  fewer  than  eiglity-fire  named  streams  emptying  tbemaelvea  into  the 
Tasman  Sea,  fully  aixty  of  which  iow  from  Mount  EfEmont. 

Eicepting  the  Ngaire  Swamp^  a  block  of  open  land  near  Eltliam,  3,700  acres  in 
extent^  now  partially  drained  and  return ly  disposed  of  f(>r  settlement  purposes, 
there  are  no  plains,  properly  so  railed,  in  the  district,  although  the  stretch  of  very 
fertile  country  lying  between  the  Waingangoro  and  Olakeho  Elvers,  compriKing  an 
area  of  about  25,OOC»  aerea,  is  known  as  thv  Waimat^  Plains.  Of  this  area  13,500 
acres  have  been  disposed  of,  and  the  remainder,  ll,5t>U  acres,  haa  been  handed 
back  to  the  Natii'ea  as  a  reserve. 

There  are  no  lakes  worthy  of  the  name.  The  largest  sheet  of  wat*r  is 
Boiokare,  situate  about  twelve  miks  from  Eltbam  ;  it  ia  about  half  a  mile  in  length, 
with  an  average  widtli  of  six  chains.  There  are  also  a  few  amalj  lakea  inland  from 
Waverley,  at  the  aouiliern  end  of  the  district. 

The  whole  of  the  dinlriet,  with  the  exception  of  a  fringe  of  open  country  along 
tbe  coast  from  Pukearuhe  to  Patea,  averaging  three  miles  in  width,  and  containing 
ftbout  250,000  acres,  and  some  valleys  at  the  north-eastern  corner  of  the  district, 
about  150,000  acres  in  extent,  was  originally  covered  with  heavy  forest,  hut  this  ia 
rapidly  disappearing  under  progress  of  setilemcnt  and  erection  of  sawinilb  to  deal 
with  such  timber 

The  larger  timber  is  chiefly  rata,  rimu,  matai,  tawa,  kaliikatea,  kohekohe,  puka- 
feefti  re  ware  wa,  hinau,  with  a  few  totara  scattered  here  and  there.  Among  the 
amaller  trees  may  be  mentioned  the  kotnkntuku  or  fuchsia,  karaku,  and  mahoe. 

As  regards  the  timber  industry,  the  total  quantity  cut  during  tht;  year  ended 
the  Slst  March,  lUOri,  was  about  18,000,000 ft.,  chiefly  riuiu,  kahikatea,  (otarw,  and 
matai.  Most  of  the  mills  work  together  under  Association  rules  and  prices,  their 
output  for  tlie  year  b^ing  fi,7t^S,347  superficiid  feet  j  uf  tbe  others,  which  work  in* 
dependenily,  the  output  of  Messrs.  BurnarJ  and  Ellisj  of  Otorohsnga,  amounted  to 
4,800,000  ft.  for  tlie  same  period. 

An  area  of  72,565  acrfa,  measuring  six  milet  on  every  aide  from  the  aummit  of 
Mount  Egmont,  was  originally  set  apart  as  a  toreet  reserve.    To  this  haa  now  beea 


662 


NKW    ZKALAKD    OFFICIAL    TKAK-BOOK. 


added  1,040  turn*  on  tba  lonrer  elopei  of  Pouakni  Kifcnge,  with  ttn  additional  5, SOO 
ticre*  on  ihe  pMtua  Riiiige.  mcikmg  a  ioUl  of  iit>oui  79,000 a^TiM,  wln.-U  hn*  now  brAdl 
of  ParJUment  t>feii  i»et  a^^ilrt  lu  Uie  **  fiRinout  »tininil  Ptirk,'*  Uie  inr^rual  afllMft 
iif  wliirh  are  aiiuiitiiat.  rwi  by  r  purttj  rli*cted  and  parltjp  nominated  Bonrd  of  ten 
UietiibFr«.  At  ahuut  llire«  iiul(*>  within  tlie  rea^rre  the  fore»t  begini  to  |eet  stunted; 
und  at  four  mid  a  lialf  iiiila»  it  itivea  place  to  tow  miry  scrub,  i^hich  i^eftae*  ^t  firt 
liiile*,  or  ail  eleiuLion  of  about  i.OUOft.  At  5,000ft.  the  mu»«  enria  ;  brjond  Uiit 
iwiai  to  the  flijiiinut  ihe  mouiiUm  h  composed  ofloooe  acona  and  lara, 

A  ctimfurfablc  House,  kntiwn  aa  iho  Egmimt  MotinUin-bQiis^,  ha»  beeii  built  tt 
itn  ele»aiion  of  a,:i«KJti,  uii  tlie  northern  fact?  ot  ihe  mountutn,  at    a  dttlaiKV  of 
iwentj  m*l»*t  imm  New  Plytnoulh  bj  the  ^^uticlion  and  Egtnour  Roit^jp.  and  ttiunili 
can   be  dnivn   ilie  Mrhole  of  the  Witj.     Ttii«  liuuse  t«  uininUiited    by    the  Efuiofit 
National     Park    Bimrdi    and    is    open    for    the    aocoinmtKimtion    of    riaitort    all 
the   year   iHxind.     The    keeper   acta    aa    guide   alio.      The    titt»e    uaualljr    ormpif^ 
in  the  aacent  from   the  hniiAe  is  from  thrue  to  four  liours  for  men,   and  four  to 
•ix  hour*    f^T   tuditi».     There   are    two    womeu'a    roonw   at   one  end  of  the  Uame, 
and    two  nifn'i  at  the  other,   with   large   common  lifirig  and   dining  room  io  th« 
oentre.      Visitora    have    nuw    the   option    of  being  aup|>U(jd    wifh   itit^aLi  &t  a  co«t 
of  li.   6ii.  eiM*h.  or  tliey   timj   pmvide   and  cook  tlieir   own  food,      Beda  are   alao 
prorided.       Horae    fettda,     It.    Bd.    eac'h  j    paddoeking,    6d.   daily,    or   2a.    6d.   a 
wet^k.     A    amali    char|;e     for     ii»e     of     houite     ia    made    to    vitiiiora    of     la.    per 
ni^ht  or    54.    p**r   week    throughout    the    viftit.     In    addition     to    the    mountaio* 
hou»e,    the    Bimrd    ha*    ertrlefi    a    colt^go    of    three    ruania,    compriaiug    two 
bedroomi    (flUed    with     four     bunkt    eacli),    and    one     hfing-room     in    between, 
Thii  cottage  is  intended  for   reniing    by    the    week    to    faiiitU   partiea.  onlj  one 
•ucb    part  J    occup^ir^g    it   at    a   tiine^   the  minitnum  charge  per  week  being   tw9 
pounds    «ierling    lor    a    party    of    four  uduJui;    orer    thut    number    and    up    to 
eii^ht  (the   limif    aVl*^wed),    5b.    eatrh    per    w*-ek  j    children  over    five    and    under 
twelve  J  ears  half  r^trea.      The  eo'tage  ii  not  let    lo  any  one  party  for  a   toitger 
p<?riod   than   two  weeka  while  there  are  other  applieanta.      The   Board   providei 
oooking  and  otfier  uien«iU^  Jin* wood,  »nd  water,  aI>^o  mattreaaeii  and    pdlows^  but 
Tiaitora  inu^l  take  tlieir  own  blai^keta,  and  provide  and  oook  their  o<rn  fsiod.     The 
caret ttker  at  the  inonniain-liouae  krepa  a  itnal]  at  'ck  of  the  princit>al  linea  of  food 
UBiially  wiuited  for  tale  to  vimtora.     The  cottage  it  withm  fiO  or  70  yarde  of  the 
mountain- liou^e,  and  in  t  barge  of  the  aime  ra'-etaker,  but  parties  deairout  of  rent* 
ing  it  slioubi  eomniuiicate  witti  the  Honorary  Sa<:reian  to  Coitmdtt^e  for  Northern 
Diviaion  of  Kij-i.ont  Nmiiom*!  Park,  New  Plyniovith^  givinBf  dtitee  between  -hich  they 
requirij  it.     Tlinae  upplieation*  art?  booked  m  order  of  priority  of  ret'eipt  (afrrr  noli- 
flration  that  ofl'ei*  will  be  rereired,  U!>Uttlty  in  rhe  earl,v  part  of  December),     Ouide'i 
fee  for  mountam,  £1  per  parly.     During  the  paat  aea-nn  there  were  about  1.400  nai- 
tora,  remaining  various  pt-rioda  %if  from  one  or  two  days  to  ^  nmny  weekt.     Ttie  view 
from  the  top  ia  nuprrb,  ini  ludini;  as  it  doea  the  rolcanic  conea  of  Rnapehu,  Ngauru* 
boe,  and  To«igHrm»»  the  whole  of  TaranHki,  and  a  eunftidi-ruble  portiun  of  Auckland 
and  W^Uini£ion  I)i»trirt«,  aUo  acrosa  Cook  Stniit  to  tlie  mountoiinj*  of  Marlborough 
and  NeUoD  Diatritt*  of  iht?  Midille  [aland.     In  line  went  her,  when  the  tnow  la  otl,  the 
fuounitiin  can  be  ascended  withuut  riak      A  considerable  «um  haa  been  expended  to 
improf  ing  the  ai^Kirornniodation  at  the  house. 

The  nionntaiii  can  a  eo  eji^ily  be  a>t.'ended  from  Stratford  side,  the  return  journey 
oooupung  aboui  thirteen  hour*,  inolnding  stoppges.  ToiJnr>ta  can  ride  over  the 
firat  eii'ven  niile»  to  ihe  Pembroke  Road  Moumam  house  (thrt'e  rijornn)  above  the 
buah  line,  altiinde  3,720  ft..:  time  ool-u pied,  about  two  and  a  half  hours.  A  new 
two  room rd  eotiage  haa  been  erei?ifd,  and  ia  now  in  use.  Here  the  boraes 
are  left,  and  t\w  remaining  ilimb  has  to  be  done  on  foot.:  time  required  for  a 
fair  walkt-r,  three  hours,  nlthough,  coming  down,  the  distance  can  be  cione  in  two 
hours.  A^*out  two  hundred  persona  viaited  the  mountikin  by  thia  route  ounng  the 
•eason.  Qooil  hoiW  aci-oui  modal  ion,  guide,  and  horses  can  be  obtained  in  Stratfurd. 
Provifiona  are  kept  on  ria*onabie  t.ernji  by  the  ciiretakfr  at  the  house.  The 
return  trip  t-an  be  varied  by  visiting  Daw  sou's  Fatlj  and  fCendle'e  Cascade,  of 
by  a  run  ttcioee  to  the   Egmatkl   Mountajn-bouee.     Those   who  do   not  ov«  to 


THB   TABANAEI   LAND    DISTIUOT. 


663 


ftttempt  the  iUmTnit  willlbc  umplj  repaid  by  th©  pl«*af ure  of  the  rid«  through  the 
or«Bt,  and  hj  the  niagnijlctiitit  ti^wb  to  be  i>btain<?d  from  the  house.  The  hou^ea 
h&Te  sleeping  accomtnodation  for  abcmt  thirtj  peraonit. 

Another  roufe  now  coinirfg  into  faronr  ia  from  Hawera  or  Eltbftm  rin  Manaia 
or  K»ponga  and  DawRoirs  Full*,  At  the  Itiiter  place  a  comfortable  clielter-houae, 
capable  of  accommodatiiig  orer  fortj  people,  has  be<*n  er«»cted,  ar>d  i8  known 
m»  the  Falls  U^untaln-hoUM  (altirude,  2,990 ft.).  This  lioujie,  livhich  tfl  cloj»e  to 
the  Falli!  {65  ft.),  i«  witbiti  an  enay  two  hoiin*'  ride  of  Kaponga,  Unriiij?  the  leason 
the  bouee  in  m  charge  of  a  care  laker,  and  foo<l,  lior»i»-fetvfi,  and  paddotkinff  ran  bo 
obtained.  Two  <H>n>fortttble  (Ottngeei  have  been  cri^ct<*d  in  connection  with  ihii 
hoLtae.  Water  in  obtained  from  the  ftdjirinind  creek  bj  memns  of  a  ram.  From 
the  house  to  iunimit  of  Mount  Egmoot  ot'copiea  fro  in  foiir  to  vix  hour§*  clirnb- 
inft  &t  a  moderate  pace,  the  time  being  in  acconiaT»ce  wilh  etrenKth  and  com- 
position of  partj.  From  the  top  the  touri«t  can,  instead  of  retnrniing  bj  the  i^ame 
route,  drop  down  to  the  inoutitain-houte  oti  the  north  or  New  Plymouth  sid*  of  »he 
moiinl4un.  The  walk  would  not  occupy  orer  two  houn,  ea»v  walking,  or  he  could 
go  out  tia  Stratford,  there  bfing  a  good  walkinf^  track  between  the  hontes.  A 
weeklj  coach'serrice  ban  b^en  in«tittited  ^>oth  at  Hnwi^m  and  Eltham,  whde  Strata 
ford,  as  a  ba»e.  it  equatljr  deiirable  to  start  from  ;  the  whole  distance  can  be  driTen 
OTer, 

A  track  haa  been  partlj  mhde  from  the  western  tide  of  (he  mountain, 
enabling  touri«tB  to  atcend  via  Rahotu.  A  tmall  accommodation  ho u^e  hai 
been  ♦rected,  32  ft,  bf  14  ft.*  con«i#ting  of  a  general  room  and  two  uleeping-rtKimB, 
each  coniaioine  twelve  buuk«.     Tablet,  formi,  and  utenaib  haire  alto  been  prorided. 


r 


The  Tolcanic  toil,  the  boundariet  of  which  have  been  aSreadj  deacrib^di  rariet 
good  deal  in  qualit  j«  The  best  it  believed  to  he  on  the  tooth  nlde  of  the  nioun- 
tarn,  between  Sirafford,  flawera,  and  Opunake,  but  not  lew  thtn  two  or  three 
znilet  from  the  forest ^ reserve  boundnry.  It  it  thought  that  the  rt»unirT  now  being 
opened  to  the  north  and  ea«t  of  LheTolciinic  deposit — t^iut  if,  the  papa  and  hjoie^tone 
fornintion — will,  from  the  pretence  of  lime,  be  much  rirlier  aud  more  lattmg  at 
paeturedand  than  that  around  the  niouniain.  The  carrjing-capacitj  of  the  iaud 
tip  on  an  average,  two  and  a  half  to  three  theep  to  the  acre. 

Taranakt  tt  eatentialljr  a  grazing  and  dairying  dblrict,  ita  chief  prodtivti  btiof 
liter  and  cheese. 

There  are  9S  dairj  factories  and  81  tkimming-alationa  teattered  over  the  dis- 
trict. Of  these  fackiriet^  87  produce  buUer  onl/,^  while  11  produce  cheese  on Ij. 
Th^re  are  alfo  in  thit  diatn*  t  16  reuistt-red  packing  houteo  for  milled  bntXer,  152 
rep^'^iered  private  dairies  for  butter-makings  aud  lit  for  cheefC  orJvj  be^idet  many 
•mtil  plantt  run  on  individual  fartnt  of  which  no  recgrd  it  obi^iimble. 

In  September,  l^Q'S,  a  new  work  in  eonnection  with  the  dairying  and  uieal 
induftriea  waa  »i.iirted  in  the  thapie  of  the  Taranaki  Freezing  workt,  vkuated  at 
Moturoa*  near  the  breokwater,  and  clo^e  along»idi^  the  milwHy-line.  Durin|i  the 
year  1£>05  the  output  from  the  wurkt  wat — Butter,  177,105  pat-kNget,  i^eighing 
4,4i7  tont  net  I  clieete,  7.147  packaget,  net  weii^ht  479  lona.  Diinng  the  lm|  . 
teaj^on  the  faf'toriet  and  railwftj-tatit  carrjing  butter  have  been  supplied  with  ie#  ' 
from  the  workt  at  a  nominal  cost.  Mott  of  the  butter  from  the  loulhem  md  of  thd 
dittrict  now  goes  to  Patea. 

There  are  in  the  Taranaki  District  22,345  horaet,  28ti,286  cattle,  423,821 
•heep,  and  33,371  twine.     Thcae  Gguret  include  all  kindt  and  aget. 

Agriculture  h«t  not  hitherto  befn  carried  on  to  any  great  extent  in  thia  dittrict^ 
The  total  area  under  oorn*on>p«  dormg  aeatou  LUOS-d  m%ik  lOtlli  «&xta\    v^ava 


661 


KBW    ZEALAND   OFPtCIAL    YBAH-BOOK. 


I 


^ 

^ 


oropt  out  for  Haj,  cti&ff,  or  eniilftge.  11,778  a4^re•  ;  toim  ^rmttet  ftnd  elov6r«  for  feed- 
ing do  wq,  887^091  &orei ;  sown  ^raaftei  for  a«^()«  l,tO&ai?reei  pat&totta,  lAtSwcrrti 
turnips,  13,759  ncrci  i  nmn«old»,  837  »cr*i  j  rape,  2,tJ23  scree  ;  earrote.  657  mettt  \ 
otlier  cn)pi,  tot  iicrot ;  total  i&rea  tuidnr  crops  of  aII  kinds,  including  gmrdeni, 
orcli&rda,  Tineyarda,  932,003  acres.  Plantetimvf,  1,090  aoree ;  fallow,  68  acrci  { 
lUMOk'k.  uatire  gr&»ii,  and  untrnprored  larid,  315^566  acres. 

The  areraize  yield  of  diff&rent  grain-cropf  in  baaKolt  p«r  ftore^  for  *tMion  o 
1905-6  waa  :   Wheat,  36  ;  ofttt,  48  j  barley,  69  j  rye,  45. 

The  only  mining  going  on  at  preterit  is  at  the  Mokau  Caal^minet,  which  art 
•itnat«d  on  the  Malau  RiTer*  about  twenty-three  miles  from  the  lea,  the  river  being 
aarigable  right  up  to  the  minfB  for  Te«Mi1a  of  7  ft.  6  in.  draught.  The  coal  it  th» 
best  class  of  pitcli -brown,  and  la  excellent  for  household  and  al«flin  purpoeee.  Hia 
output  last  year  was  3,7&3  tona, 

Ironsand  is  found  in  great  abnndanoe  on  tlie  seoekore  from  Mok^u  to  Pftteti,  * 
distance  of  130  miles.  It  produces,  when  am ol ted,  from  50  to  BO  per  cent,  of  iron  of 
the  flne«t  quality.  The  flrat  attempt  to  emelt  this  sand  was  m&He  in  IS48»  and 
seTenil  triaii  Imve  been  made  since,  but  tbfn  heavy  cost  of  production  and  the  absence 
of  capital  and  modern  appliances  hare,  lO  far,  retarded  the  indu0t ry,  Stroftg 
efforts  are  now  being  mtide  to  remedy  this  by  the  introducrton  of  ouUide  oapiUl, 
and  it  is  hoped  these  will  shortly  be  iuooessful,  and  work  in  fuU  awing. 

PHrohum  •  bo  rin^. 

After  numerous  attempt«  and  a  consid^^rabfe  expenditure  of  capital,  it  appears 
at  if  those  foaiertng  this  iiidu»try  are  now  to  reoeire  their  rewtrii.  AlUiough 
petroleum  has  previously  b«'en  ohteined,  it  haa  always  been  in  conjunrtioii  with 
waler.  It  would  seem  at  if  tliij  ilifliculiy  bad  now  been  overoome,  atid  with  **  oil 
struck^*  and  a  good  pressure  obtainable,  indicalioot  are  very  promising.  Com- 
panies  are  in  oourae  of  flotation,  and  it  ia  to  be  hoped  that  the  industry  Imi 
come  to  stay. 

Climate, 
The   climHie   of  Taranaki    is  remarkably   heatthy,    without   any    extreoiee  of 
temperature.     Below  ia  giren  a  table  of  mean,  maiimum,  and  minimum  tompera- 
tures  in  shade  for  eai^^li  month  of  the  year  ending  December,  liK^5:— 


^ 


Jan.    Feb.  Mar.  AprlK 

May. 

June.  July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oel. 

Nov. 

Dee 

Ue&n    temperature 

m&      63  0    625 

68,1 

66-7 

535    &9I 

f4-9 

54-6 

66D 

S7'3 

6(^6 

Extreme  niftjcimum 

temptirature 

73        76       7« 

70 

69 

69      67 

68 

65 

66 

n 

U 

Extreme    minimum 

temperature 

43        46       17 

38 

10 

ai     86 

99 

16 

49 

46 

41 

Number  of  days  on 

whioh  rshi  fell  .., 

15         6       10 

ii 

IT 

%i     u 

19 

96 

96 

ffi 

16 

Total    rain  rail     per 
month   in    ioofaes 

Mean        barometric 

and  decimals 

a  TO      1*14    186 

4  30 

iil 

UM    5-18 

3'TO 

Sfl 

irai 

6-68 

»«B 

re«dlag     for     the 

month     

29  91  30-107  30 16 

:)0'0e9  aOQDB  29 es  29 96  30i» 

fl9-e9 

»m 

»^ 

80il9 

The  metn  barometric  reading  was  £9'982  in.  for  the  y«ar.  Total  rainfall, 
64'53  in.  on  229  days.  The  rainfall  mriet  coniiid^rably,  aa,  for  in#rano#',  at  Norfolk 
Head,  three  niilea  south  of  Inglenood^  the  rainfail  for  the  year  I9f^5  wae  93  07  in. 
on  20fi  days,  the  maximum  daily  fall  being  3(>2in.  in  October.  The  avemge  rain- 
fall at  New  l*Jymoulh  duriuf  the  past  eleven  years  was  64'&74  in.,  and  at  Norfolk 
Road  for  same  period  101*997  in. 

Chi*f  Toifitu, 
The  prindjml  town  of  the  district  is  New  Plymouth  (population  5,150),  situate 
Oft  the  withore,  about  two  mSXt^  Itom  iwidt  Vo  Vti*  w^^^««te\.  qI  ^k«  ^icturee^^ue 


it^n 


THB   TABANAKI    LAKD    DIBTHICT.  665 

rockj  bleU  kDQwn  u  the  Sagar  homveM.  The  general  appearance  of  the  bavrn  Urery 
ftttractire,  and  it  alK>ondi  in  neatJj-kept  gardens.  The  Recreation  Qroufide,  from 
which  a  good  Tie*  of  Motint  figmont  is  obtainfd^  form  a  fatourite  re»orl. 

New  PJjTuoutli  is  2!>1  milei  bj  rail  from  Wellington,  the  railvraj  running  in  a 
northerly  direction  through  the  diitrlL't  from  Pat*a  to  Sentrj  Hill^  where  it  tumi  at 
right-anglci  weatward  for  eight  milet  to  New  Pljmouth.  From  Sentrj  Hill  there 
is  m  branch  line  to  Waitara,  four  miles  dieUnt, 

The  Fort  of  New  Pljmoyth  it  iituated  at  the  Sugar  Loavea,  two  milea  from  the 
town.  Protection  for  shipping  ii  afforded  by  a  coticreie  mole  or  breakwater  run- 
ning in  a  north-eaet  direction  for  a  distance  of  1,900  ft.  Under  the  lee  of  this  there 
is  wbarf^aoeomniodation  provided  for  the  coastal  trade.  Steamerfl  of  1,000  tons  can 
be  berthed  here  in  almost  all  weathers.  The  wharf  u  connected  with  New  F1j< 
mouth  by  both  rail  and  road.  The  breakwater  was  built  at  a  cott  of  £2iXijOOO, 
borrowed  under  security  of  one-fourth  of  the  land  revenue  of  the  Pronncial  District 
of  Tar&nakii  and  the  right  to  lery  a  rtite  owet  certain  lands.  The  present  rate  levied 
ia  -^d.  in  the  pound  on  the  capital  talue.  Tlie  principal  0Ter-*ea  eipoi-t^  from 
breakwater  for  the  yc^r  (exclusiTe  of  all  coastal  trade)  were:  Bntter,  T2,3McwL, 
▼alue  £330,976  i  eh eese,  8,343  cwt.,  ralue  £2Q,93& ;  fungus,  699  cwt,  value  £1,445; 
total  Talue,  £301j954<  Imports  (orertea) :  raluej  £86»629.  Custoojs  duties  for  the 
year,  £29,54 1. 

Manufa^^turea  in  New  Plymouth  are  represented  by  two  aaah- and -door,  a  boot, 
butter-keg,  and  three  coach  factories,  a  brewery,  a  cordial  factory,  a  flour* mill^ 
tannery,  tellmongery,  bone-mill,  and  iron-foundry,  with  freezing- works  and  bacon- 
factory  in  the  Auburbs.     The  town  hat  water,  electric  tight,  and  i^as  laid  on. 

Hawera,  the  neit  largeat  town,  is  situate  on  the  eaatern  edge  of  the  Waimate 
Plaini.  The  population  it  2,15S,  and  the  town  is  lit  with  electric  light  and  gaj. 
The  Wellington- New  Plymouth  Railway  runs  close  to  it,  the  distance  by  rail  from 
New  Pljmouth  being  about  forty -eight  milea,  Hawera  is  surrounded  by  a  firat- 
olaae  dairying  and  grazing  country,  capable  of  carrying  a  very  large  population. 
On  1st  December,  189&,  an  up'to^date  bacon- factory,  costing  some  £1,200,  com- 
menced the  work  of  kiihng  and  ouring  in  Hawera  ;  the  output  laat  jear  wa«  563  piga, 
costing  £1,001  16i.  rod. 

The  Town  of  Patea  is  situated  on  the  eosst,  at  the  extreme  aouthem  end  of 
the  district,  and  has  a  population  of  870.  There  m  a  splendid  graiing  district 
inland,  with  a  large  area  of  land  yet  to  be  opened  up.  There  ts  a  dairy  factory, 
which  has  two  branch  creameries  in  the  country.  A  refrigerating  company  for 
dairy  and  other  produce  has  also  been  established,  and  is  proving  a  gre^t 
fucceas.  Exports  for  1905  were  :  Wool,  4.562  bales ;  funens.  293  bags  ;  tallow,  60-4 
ea«ka ;  pelts,  117  casks  j  loose  hides.  B,367 ;  grass  seed,  205  sacks;  buttpr,  118,752 
cases;  meat.  9,985  eases;  sheep,  2,527;  Bundrie»,  539  packages:  cheese,  3,983  cnsei ; 
en^pttes,  l,2f49;  cattle,  462 ;  potwloes,  19  Bai'k<t ;  carcate*  of  frozen  mutton,  1,472; 
briLka,  13,000  i  timber,  20,000  ft.  Imports  :  Ordinary,  8  079  tons  j  coals,  4,453 
tons.  Wharfngrs  amount-ed  to  £1,495,  dumping  dues  £288,  tonnage  dues  £189, 
port  dues  £73,  water  Slv.  £M,  rt*n!*  £f»40.  The  number  of  steamers  in  and  out 
were  206.  The  Harbour  Board  hHs  an  up-to>date  wool^dumping  press  and  hydraulic 
pumps.  The  width  between  the  east  and  west  pier-heads  is  260ft.;  width  of 
charmel  about  180  ft.,  gmdually  narrowing  to  100  ft.  as  the  beacons  are  npproached* 
The  pilot  reporls  the  depth  of  water  at  not  less  than  12  ft.  at  high-wat^r  springs, 
and  9  ft.  at  high-water  neaps,  with  a  straight  channel.  Sti'amers  tmde  r^'gularly 
to  Weal  port,  Orey  mouth,  Lyttelton,  Wellinglon,  and  other  ports.  1  he  Board  is 
now  engaged  in  erecting  a  west  breakwater,  of  ctjn<^rete,  which  lias  been  earned  out 
to  a  di»tance  of  670  ft,,  and  this  should  prove  a  great  protection  to  steamers,  and 
prerent  the  encroachment  of  sand  common  to  bar  harbours. 

Stratford,  a  compuratiTcly  young  town,  lies  about  midway  between  Patea  and 
New  Plymouth.  It  has  already  a  population  of  2,lfi0,  and  is  growing  fast  The 
height  above  sea- lerel  is  1,000  f t ,  and  the  climate  is  bracing  ttiough  somewhat  moist. 
The  main  road  lo  Auckland — known  as  the  atratford-OnKaruc  (now  Ohura  Road)  — 
itarts  here.  It  tiai  been  formed  as  a  cart-road  for  flOy-(»ii  miles  and  a  half,  and  ai  a 
bridle-road  right  through.     There  are  siitcen  miles  of  dray-road  lo  be  formed  before 


i 


666 


NBW    EBALAJID   OFFICIAL    TRAR-KOOK. 


^ 


thfoogh  COTT  Tnimiotttion  witli  Obiim  ii  ettabUshed,  but,  thill,  th©  trip  right  Uiroufh 
cm  hoTrteback  is  poiiBibte«  the  track  not  being  verjr  difRcult.  A  conifnencemeni  Im 
l^ei'n  mailer  wilh  tbe  coitftt ruction  of  the  railwa;  line  betwerii  Stratford  and  Aijckbod 
%*ia  OnifArtie.  the  line  being  completed  and  open  fartranicaa  farns  DctugU»^  a  di'-tanei 
of  ilerrij  tfi»le«-  A  ulinrt  braiictt  i:*  aUo  in  courte  of  contrruelton  from  Wiipaku  l4 
Maiigonui,  on  ihe  tlopen  of  Mount  Egmont.  Thit  line  is  fur  t^e  purpoee  of  ope^in| 
lip  rtie  fitc'tfive  *tone  deposits  tbat  exist  in  lite  Mangonui  Gorge  of  great  value  for 
ii>ad-TneUllii«g  and  rttiiwRj'balla*(i(tg  purposfs.  A  bacon-fatlory  ha#  bwn  ilaried 
lit  dtmlfi»rd  ufidL*r  rerj  favourable  circum<4tiince§»  and  is  likeljr  to  prove  a  pubi«c 
benefit,  mid  aUo  a  Himneial  tucees»  to  the  proprietarj  com  pan  j.  The  work*  tfe 
iiTi  a  Cn-ir  srwle  »iid  up  to  dute.  The  njacliinery  t»  driTen  by  a  30- horse  powrr 
Vicl^r  furhine,  the  power  being  obtnined  from  ibe  Fatea  Rirer  through  a  tuni.el 
8rt&  ft.  long,  cut  across  a  bend  in  the  river  The  refrigerating  engine  is  a  6-loi> 
Britiih  Linfie,  while  hot  wnter  i»  sfipplied  from  a  high-pressure  boiler  in  in 
Adjoining  bndding.  Tl^e  chill tiig-cbnm her  holds  about  120  earcaaes  (or  one  dij*i 
ktlliuii)  ;  here  t\wj  Tt*mmn  o*^rni«ht,  und  are  tben  parted  on  to  the  curing-roomys 
tpaeious  corni^Hirtment  of  M  ft.  bj  2H  ft,,  eapnble  of  holding  1,000  carcmaes;  from 
hert?  they  pass  to  the  drjing-room,  of  same  nte  wnd  capacity,  on  the  upper  ttorj. 
A  brick  sinoke-lioitie,  capable  of  dealing  with  600  pieci^s  al  tk  time,  has  also  bern 
erected.  The  piggeriee  and  sliiughter-house  are  about  a  mile  from  »he  works,  a;id 
Are  oounected  by  tramway.  The  former  consiot  of  tw^nly  comparl men's  h*))dinf 
ten  pigs  each »  and  are  ronv*»nieiitly  armnjfed  for  feeding,  &c  The  output  during 
the  past  season  was  3,9Ki  piffs*  costing  £7,461  44. ;  in  Addition  there  were  cured 
for  owners  2u4  pigs  not  includi^d  in  the  foregoing. 

Waitiint,  a  seaport  town  of  about  *3H0  inlmbitants,  is  situated  on  the  river  of 
the  tame  name,  a  mile  up  from  ilie  sea,  and  about  ten  miles  norlh-east  froin  New 
Plymouth.  The  Muunt  Kgmont  Freezing- works  have  passed  into  I  he  hands  of  ft 
company  BJyled  the  **■  Waitara  Freezing  and  Cool  Storage  Company,  Limited," 
who  httve  rebuilt  and  grently  enlnrged  the  works,  the  storage  capacity  now  being 
for  25,000  carcases  of  mntlon,  together  with  five  freezing  -  rootns,  capable  m 
banging  1^200  carcases;  also  a  beef  chilling  room  and  a  mutton-chilling  room. 
Provi«ii}n  in  made  at  the  ilAuiEhterhouse  for  accomniodatton  of  fourteen  mattes 
arod  tliree  beef  butchers.  The  freezing  plant  is  a  60'ton  Hercules,  and  is  guaranteed 
to  freeze  1,5* >0  shpep  per  day.  The  boiling  down  and  tallow  department  is  most 
GOinplete  and  up  to  datOt  and  a  large  manure  plant  has  now  been  erected.  THs 
works  are  Utied  througbout  with  electric  ligl>t.  Tbe  following  were  the  principal 
direi't  sbipmentft  Home  during  tlie  year;  2^7^10  tons  of  froien  meat,  1,408  bales  of 
wool,  W  bale*  of  lenthcr,  789  caeks  of  tallow,  17  ca»k»  of  pelts,  and  14  bales  of  lionm 
Alt  produce  is  convfyed  on  board  the  New  Zealand  Shipping  Oompany'a  ooPtii> 
going  stpamers  (which  anchor  in  Waitara  roadstead)  in  tpeciBlly  <^onstrueCed 
and  instjkted  bags.  These  works  are  gaietted  as  Oovemment  grading  and  pool 
stores^  which  is  a  great  convenient^e  for  outside  dairy  f actor ies,  as  it  avoids 
rink  of  injury   to  their  produce  aft^r  it  has  been  graded.     The  exporte  from  tb( 

Eort  coast  wtue  for  the  jenr  190^  were:  Wool*  29  b«des ;  grato-e^ed.  45|  fofiii 
ides,  2.0fj5  ;  skins.  9fi  bundles  j  timber,  25,0f»7  supr.  feet  j  flour  71i  tonm  ;  tallow, 
13i  rasks  :  rmttle,  IGo  liead  ;  horse-*, 9  j  stieep,  ^V2  ;  butter,  5  tons;  general  carKO, 
937  tons.  Total  tonnage  of  eiporis  for  year  was  4,778  tons.  Iniports*  coastwise, 
for  same  period  were:  Grain,  25  ions;  manure,  30!l  tuns;  lime,  59  Ions;  timbefi 
155,576  »u  per.  ff'et :  coal,  i.fi'6  t^ms  ;  woo)«  282  bi«lei  ;  flour,  315  tons;  horsi««4{ 
general  cargo,  3  5S7  tons.  Total  tonnage  of  imports,  9,340  tons  ;  making  in  all* 
gross  total  of  1 1,118  tons  of  cargo  bandied  at  the  port  during  tbe  year 


Inglewood,  situated  on  the  railway- line,  sixteen  miles  Bi»uth>«ait  <il  Ktw 
Plymouth,  is  a  flourishifig  little  town  of  1,152  inbahifants,  rapidly  coming  to 
the  front.  The  hrtcoTi-fafrory  durinf;  Ibe  year  put  *h rough  3,245  pig*„  costing 
£6.598  Ss.  4d.  The  fiictory  is  worked  by  a  24  in,  turbine,  the  wtter  beinjf  conTryed 
in  B  raoe  10  dioins  lonu.  It  is  providrd  with  a  four  horse* power  tubular  bodcr,  ft 
Lard  ja{*kei,  and  Cidifornian  pump.  There  ia  sho  n  ^ize  *'  D"  ammonia  rcfrigeial^ 
Ing  machine.     Tbe  electric  lighl  hat  now  been  iti stalled  in  the  town. 


THE    TARANAKt    LAND    DISTRICT.  SOT 

Elthfim,  n  rifinir  borough  of  l»3Sr»  i nimbi riiiita,  ii  mftVing  Tery  rtptd  progr*M, 
It  if  O'l  the  innin  mil waj*- line,  lbirtT-n>x  loilei  'rDin  Npiv  Pl'h  fiioiif  In 

OpiitiitlefiiBettpurtb^tMrh  oTiibout  400  inhabttHiif8»  wtLS  vijiited  ditn'nir  tb«>jeiir  hy 
63  •teamen.  Imp-irt*,  914  ton*  j  »^iportp,  9'Mon»;  but  Tiion?  Itmii  li**lf  the"  fmda 
of  tbe  diiilnct  d*i«!<  iiol  coii'm  or  go  tbroiiigli  tlie  |K>rt  j  in  fjicL,  iUe  gmitl*  ra.rrit'd  hj 
roi^  iiro  -*ri  Mi«  increnne.  If  the  rnil^&y  from  BltUa<n  id  tniide  tbU  town  sliouid 
make  TApid  uirideti,  mt  it  is  iiitpfided  lo  iniprofe  the  hurb^jiiir. 

X'be  oidj  ot)ier  townsbipft  llieit  nofdl  be  mfnlioDed  are  Manaia,  population  about 
450;    and  Normatibj,  |M>puUtion  about  400. 

MttadM  and  Jtailwatfit, 

The  (jhiof  mearti  of  oonimuuio*tiou  14  ttie  railwaj  from  Wellington,  whioh 
iraTortfei  tfie  Hi^triot  bt*t«re«n  l^dieA  amil  Hew  Plriiiinitti-^a  dUtimc^  of  eiitj-six 
tni'es.  Throusfh  Lriiiia^  run  eTurf  dar,  eicept  y  LI  III  lay,  between  New  Fl/moutli  and 
Wei i I fi fifths n,  and  i***-*  rt^r^a^  a  di«lauco  of  ^51  mdu*.  A*  alrr*ndy  ^tatei,  a  faiIwhj 
frain  SirutTori  to  Ongara'^,  on  i4ie  NlarLlli  Iilimd  Hajm  Trunk  Radirtraj,  b  under  con- 
ttruL'tiom,  and  i^  i>p«>n  Lo  Donglua,  eleven  miles  from  Struliord. 

riie  Miiin   Nortli   Hotul  rnna  from  New  Pljmonib»  pttiaing  through  the  TowTli . 
of  Wnttara  and   Drenui^   and   i«  ftirmed  as   a  cart  niad   to   Mokau,   ibe   northef^ 
bniindarv  of  ibo  diilrti-t.     All  the  ptreaint  are  brii^lgeti   wiih   the  cireptiun  of  ^^^^'''tA 
M*>kay  River,  on  which  is  a  good   ferry.     From  Mi»lau  lb* re  i^  a  drav-rnad  nt?b?^ 
through  to  T«t  Kniti,  on  the  A'lekland  railway  eywtem.    About  niidwny  hetween  ^e\i 
Plrtnouth  and   Waitara  the  Mountain  Road  divprgea  and   runs  iilmo«t  due  eouih, 
and  cliietlj  a^ong  the  rntlwaj,  for  a  dialance  of  forlj  niileii^  «>nneL*iine  wilb  the  MaiD 
South  Road  at  the  Town  of  llawera,     Thii  u  at  ^irt^ent  the  priiirijml  riHid  in  tb« 
di«triet,  tapping,  a«  it  does,  liirge  numbfrs  of  diAtrict  roads,  and  pn.]i»ing  through 
the  Towns  of  ln|»lfwootl,  Midlurst,  Straiford,  Kliliam,  NomiaMby,  atid  lli*wera. 

The  Ohura  Umid  hmncUea  froio  the  Mountait»  Ro>irI  at  81  mi  Ford,  ll-  is  formed 
mnd  op^n  ftir  TrHlTic  a*  a  d my  road  for  fiflj-nix  miles  tird  a  hwlf  from  Stratfurd  und 
for  horsetmilh?  rii^ht.  thro*iifli  tti  Ohura,  A  couch  rum  in  suminer  time  every 
Mnndtij  and  Thitr-dny  (re>uriitng  on  following  daj^)  between  Strutford  and 
Whai)gninoinonii  Villuge,  a  distance  oT  fori y  one  niih-s,  i»n«i  the  roar!  is  now  being 
0st€nded  into  the  t*i(t-Ht»r  so  as  fventually  to  coimeut  witli  Auckland,  and  wifl 
open  up  a  birge  area  of  fertile  country . 

The  Main  South  Road  from  New  Plymouth  follows  the  trend  of  the  coast  t^ 
the  totith,  and  wjis  at  on**  <iine  the  eoach-road  to  Wellington.  It  piutsea  through 
the  Village's  of  Omatii^  Oaknra,  Okato,  KahoLti,  OUikeho^  Mwnut^ibi  South,  and 
Kakaramoa,  and  the  Towns  of  Opunake,  Man  a  in,  llnwera,  and  Tatea. 

The  Junction  Road  run*  south -ea*fc  from  New  Plymouth,  und  crosses  the  Moun- 
tain Rond  and  railway  at  Inglt^iwood,  tliirteen  miles  out ;  it  is  tnftHlled  fnrtliirly- 
■IK  miles  and  a  quarter,  formed  as  a  drny-road  to  forty- Hve  mileg  nnd  threeqitarters, 
where  it  CL>nnectA  with  the  Ohura  Road  at  a  distance  of  thirty  miles  from  Btrat* 
ford.     This  road  crosses  a  number  of  dii'trii-t  roads  ;   hence  its  name. 

The  Opunake  Road  run#  from  Stratford  to  Opunake,  Iwfntysii  miles,  skirting 
the  souther u  base  of  Mouut  ICgniont,  It  is  formed  and  metalled  for  twek©  milea 
from  Stratford  ;  tlie  remainder  it  open  far  Itorse'irrtdlc  only.  Vehimlar  Ira  (Ho  turni 
down  the  Manaia  Road  to  Ea^ionga,  thence  along  the  Eliliam-Opunake  Koad  lo  the 
latter  place.     This  route  is  metalled  throughout. 

Tfie  £ltham  Road  runs  from  El  I  ham  to  Opnnake,  twenty-lire  milet,  conneettnff 
with  the  Opunake  Riad  at  Punebu,  aeren  miie«  from  Op*inake.     Thia  ii  formed 
nd  metalled  throughout. 

'lire  other  main  roads  in  course  of  construction  are  the  Rawhiliroa  Hoad» 
leaving  the  Mountain  Roud  near  Eltham  ;  the  Oteraoa,  Moki^  and  Okoke  Hoads. 

Land*  o/iea  and  nemlaht^  for  ordinary  S^leetion* 

These  comprise  81,774  acres,  in  ninely-five  lots,  sitimtrd  in  all  parts  of  th« 
district,  consisting  gericrally  of  nnigh  fon^t-clad  country  but  of  very  fiiir  i«oil  re-ting 
upon  a  formatjon  prmcipnUj  &f  papa.     These  seetiout  are  a\j  \(iq(%«\\1  t>i>\v«t  ^^^c^vi^ 


NBW    ZISALAKD    OFFICIAL    VEAE-BOOS. 


of  acp*«i,  but  when  cleared  of  timber  will  be  found  to  be  rery  tuitJible  for  rftiainf 
•hp«p  and  entile,  wltib  lltitt  along  rtrt^ms  could  be  used  for  dairjiitg  operation* 
on  ft  •nmll  nc&ie,  Moi^t  of  the  Lindi  uro  exempt  from  rent  ftud  rftle#  for  four 
jwri  from  daU*  of  t«Jeciion. 

LandM  b^ing  pr^par^d  for  Settlement, 

In  ObuT't  and  Piopiotem  Weal  Survey  Dietrict§,  belweea  Ohura  and  Wan^nui 
Aod  Oliurti  Rivera:  31,800  acres,  undulating  and  billy  country,  of  fair  qualitj. 
^OTfrcd  with  tJiixed  foreiit,  wTub,  and  iome  of  it  open  country. 

Iti  Wbungamontona  Disinct,  on  tbe  water«beda  of  the  Ijower  Wbangftmomona 
and  T&nganikrtti  Rlrcrs  :  8,000  acrei,  Hillj  country  of  fair  qualtty.  covered  with 
boavy  forest.    Thia  ia  all  »urrf  jed,  and  will  be  m  the  market  earlr  in  3rpt«cnber 

All  the  land*  will  be  found  auitabl©  for  mii«'d  oocupa^ion,  auch  a«  rai»tng  joitnf 
cattle  and  ibeep,  and  m  the  D>!Oire  favoured  localitiea  for  dairying. 

Th<tre  are  4H:i,7lO  acr4?a  of  Und  in  lUia  diatriet  still  ia  the  handa  of  the  Natirea. 

There  are  S^l,7^  acre*  of  unitur*ejpd  Crown  lund*  jet  suitable  for  »etilemetit. 

A  guide,  giirtng  parLiculara  of  any  Crown  landa  open  for  aetection*  will  be  tap* 
plied  free  to  any  one  applying  peraon&lly  or  by  letter  to  tbe  Landa  and  Survey 
Department,  New  Plyuioiith. 

It  mar  be  nmd^  in  coneluaion,  that  there  it  every  «ign  of  genuine  protperitj 
throughout  the  dietricti  wbich  baa  adranced  rapidly  during  tlie  laat  few  yeara,  iad 
will  no  doubt  continue  to  do  ao. 


THE    HAWKK*3   BAY    LAND    DlSXaiCf, 
K.  0.  (JOLD  Smith>  Chief  Surreyor, 

The  Land  Diatrict  of  Hawke^a  Bay  eoinpri»es  tbat  portion  of  tbe  eaat  coaal 
the  North   1  eland  frora  Cape  Turnagain,  in  latitude  4Cr  30\  north warda  to  ^ 
Point,  about  tbirtr  milee  beyond  tbe  Kaat  Capo,  and  containa  the  Waiapu,  Cook, 
WairoM^  Hawkers  Bay,  Wiiipawa,  Palangata,  Woodville,  and  Weber  Counliea. 

It  baa  a  Rfaboard  of  3(j€  miles,  with  an  average  deplh  from  the  eoaat  of  forty- 
ftve  mi  ilea  f  and  embracea  an  area  of  6,r!i63,CJ00  acrea.  Ita  weatern  limit  ia  defined  by 
tbe  Riiahine,  Kaweka,  Ahimanawa,  Raukumara,  and  other  bigh  ranges  that  form 
the  waierahed  between  the  rivert  flowing  through  it  to  the  aea,  and  titoae  that  run 
to  the  weat  coaat  and  the  Ba^r  of  Plenty. 

Pkjftieat  I^aturet, 

The  Ruahine  Range  extenda  northwarda  for  about  aizty  milea  from  the  Mana- 
watu  Gorge  aa  far  aa  the  valley  of  the  Ngaruroro  Rirer,  Ita  altitude  variea  from 
3,000  ft.  to  B,0O0n..,  and  for  a  conaiderable  diatance  ita  aummit  ia  anow-clad  during 
the  winter  month*. 

The  Kaweka,  a  abort er  range,  divided  from  the  Ruahine  by  the  Ngaruroro 
Riveri  attmina  an  altitude  of  &,6&0ft.j  ia  very  rugged  and  ateep,  and  a  prominent 
feature  in  the  landscape  in  winter*  covered  ae  it  then  ie  with  euow. 

From  thei»e  two  rangea^  which  fall  very  abruptly  on  tbe  Hawke^a  Bay  aide, 
the  land  alop^s  gradually  to  the  tea,  forming  in  tome  parte  fine  rolling  hills — tht 
easeiice  of  a  slieep-country^in  others  extenaire  plaint,  with  comparatiTely  litiJe 
poor  aoiL 

Northwards  from  tbe  Eaweka  there  is  a  aeriea  of  forest  clad  ranges  of  Taryiof 
height,  eiretehing  itway  in  the  dir'^ction  of  the  East  Cape.  Hikuraiigi,  tha 
highest  point,  ia  a  bold  peal  with  an  elevation  of  6,60B  ft.,  rising  so  abruptly  oo 
all  aides  that  tbe  aacent  can  be  made  only  at  one  point,  and  that  with  dtincuity. 

The  only  lake  in  the  diatrict  of  any  extent  ia  Wftikwre-nmana,  so  fautoua  for  its 
magnificent  dcenery.  It  lies  about  thirty-five  niiti^a  tnUml  of  W&iroa  (Clyde), 
and  ia  eleven  miles  in  It^ngth^  with  a  breadth  nt  the  widest  part  of  about  eight  roilea* 
Nestted  among  pre^-ipttous  mountain -ranges,  woo-ded  to  the  water's  edg«,  with 
nuuieroua  baya  4nd  inlets » \l  Kaa  «^  uaiuriBX  Wa.\xV5  \vtk.t^\i  \as  \»  «ur^aased. 


THK    HAWKb's   bay    LAND   DI8TH(0T.  669 

_         From  Wairoia  there  ii  m  formed  rottd  to  the  lake,  and  twenij-flTe  roitee  round 
if,  &>  far  as  the  0|Kirimhin6  Rtrer. 

The  piinpipal  plaine  are:  (K)  The  HuaUniwba,  iome  Qftj  mileR  ftouth  of 
Napier  This  ia  120  Aqiiare  railei  in  citent,  ie  fur  ihe  most  part  occupiiHl  a«  ahecp* 
rune,  and  earrie«  a  large  quantity  of  etnck.  (2.)  The  HerfUijoga  Plain,  with  an 
area  of  ntnHy  eqinirfl  miles,  lying  immf^drntdy  Ui  the  pouth  of  Napier.  This  it  rich 
alluriallHod  ;  a  large  portion  ia  thicklj  eetlled,  the  remainder  ufied  for  jirai^ing 
and  agriculture,  l\w  onlj  other  pluin  of  any  extent  ia  at  Pofertj  Baj.  It 
haa  an  area  of  aixtj-QTe  square  mileii  it  verj  fertile,  well  ctiltiTated^  and  haa  a 
large  popultiiion. 

The  district  ia  well  watered  Ihrougliout  by  numeroua  rirer«  and  «treama,  but 
none  are  navigable  eicepl  tbe  Wairoa  and  Turangantii,  and  tlie»e  onlj  for  veaaela 
of  light  drau|fht.  Thoj  are  both  tidal,  and  acrvo  aa  porta  to  the  Towna  of  Wairoa 
(Clyde)  and  Gib  borne. 

Commumvation. 

The  chief  outlets  from  Napier  are  three  in  number,  Firat  the  Napier-Welling* 
Ion  Railwaj,  which  travertes  the  centre  of  ihe  soiatliera  half  of  the  district  for  lU 
whole  length  of  100  mi  lea,  and  maj  be  called  the  main  art>erj  of  c^ommunication. 
Nearly  parallel  to  tt  throughout,  nina  an  excellent  gravelled  road^  which  waa  made 
fcefore  the  con»truction  of  the  railway.  On  either  aide  there  are  numerous  branch 
roada,  whioh  act  aa  feeders,  making  a  Tery  oompleie  sjatem  of  internal  transit. 
Another  main  road  runa  in  a  westerly  direction  to  KuHpapango,  dietant  forty *fi re 
mile*,  a  favourite  resort  m  the  summer  time,  removed  as  it  ia  from  the  bent  of  the 
oountrj  near  the  coaat.  A  coach  runs  thither  weekly^  and  on  thence  to  Inland 
Patea,  where  ihe  Napier  Road  meets  the  roads  to  HunterriUe,  Tokaanu,  anil  the 
Wanganui  RiTer. 

The  part  of  the  distnet  served  bj  theae  two  main  lines — ^Tis.j  that  between 
Napter  and  Woodville^containa  the  greater  portion  of  the  population,  and  from  the 
extent  of  arable  land  witliin  it  ia  likely  in  the  future  lo  be  very  thickly  peopled. 
Notwithstanding  that  ao  much  of  the  Native  land  in  thia  part  ia  unoccupied  and  in 
its  natural  st^te,  there  are  nearly  a  million  of  acres  of  land  in  aown  grasses 

Naffifir-Ttivpo  Road. — The  r-»ad  fruui  Napier  lo  Taupo  is  a  fairly  good  one, 
though  the  many  hills  between  Napier  and  Upper  Mohaka,  the  Mohaka  Hirer, 
find  the  pumico  soil  bei  wern  the  nrer  and  Taupo  reud**r  it  irying  for  a  cyrlist.  It 
ia  a  good  eoach'rond.^  howerer,  and  buggie«  ean  be  eojily  driven  over  it  at  all  aea^ons 
of  the  }  ear. 

Nft|d<»r  to  Pohui,  twenty -six  miles,  by  a  good  rofid^  though  verj  steep  in  parti 
K}wing  to  the  many  hillt  which  ha^e  to  be  aurmouiHed. 

Pohui  to  Turawera,  nineteen  miles.  Here  again  the  road  is  extremely  hilly 
for  the  first  eii  miles  to  the  Mohaka  River,  though  it  la  fairly  level  between  that 
fiver  and  Tarn w em. 

Tarawera  to  Kitngit^iki,  twenty  miles,  over  a  level  road.  The  road  is  good 
<after  rain,  but,,  owing  to  the  pumiceous  nature  of  the  »oil,  it  is  very  looie  and  duaty 
tn  dry  weather. 

Ra^igiiHiki  to  TanpOr  twenty 'five  milea,  over  a  pumice  roadt  level  throughout. 

Starting  from  Napier  by  the  Spit  and  Ahunri  Bridge,  orer  the  entrai  ce  to  the 
Inner  Hurhour,  the  n-ad  proceods  for  some  milea  along  the  «li ingle  bank  briween 
the  Outer  and  Inner  Hiirboun>,  and  reaches  the  pretty  tillage  of  Pet«ne,  seven 
tn  lies  away.  After  the  Petane  Hill  ia  surmounted  the  routr  ia  along  ihe  Petaiie 
Valley — a'chsmiine  spot,  and  pa-^r  the  village  of  Eckdale.  situated  on  the  banks  of 
ihe  Knk  Kiver  From  hereto  Pohui.  where  a  halt  is  made  to  change  horses  and 
have  lunehf  the  road  wiivd«  among  hili>i  and  «ome  Une  pa^toml  cr>uutry.  Leaving 
Pohui  with  freih  hordes,  a  very  ateep  hill  remnina  to  be  *'limbed  — the  Titi-okura— 
before  ihe  Mohnta  River  i*"  r*"ached  at  Upper  Mohaka.  The  bridge  over  the  river 
was  waihed  away  by  the  disa^trouA  flood  of  Kii^ier,  1897,  but  another  fine  bridge 
haa  been  erected.  Some  eniiui  views  can  be  obtained  from  the  summit  of  the  hills 
bstwe^n  Pohui  and  Mohaka  Rivt^r,  and  the  henutiful  ^alh'ys  and  In'gh  rnngea 
tmr^rsed  #ti  roii/#  are  very  piciure»que.  Tarawera  is  reached  about  6  o*c!ook, 
where  &elaj  is  luade  for  the  night.  There  ia  a  well  known  mineral  a^titi^  l^^t^, 
mad  ihv  buMt  MPound  the  township  t^akea  it  a  ver^  aUn^CiVAVQ  i^Xuci^. 


■ 


k 


670 


NSW    XBAUAKD   OmCtAL    IKAU-BOOK. 


I 


Lenting  Tnmweni  rarlj  tho  n^Tt  morriinie,  tlie  touript  it  f  Al(«n  pii»i  smerftt 
O^j'Tli  ot  i»*terrnl  eoinietUMli  tftiLh  the  earlj  dayt  of  the  rOHci  while  it  wn<  uiid'T  con* 
•irurtion  bj  *l»e  Anitrfl  CcitstnluiUrj,  TIib  double  «rtt«crri»ll  i*  a1m>  pfl*«ed  ou  tht 
roiifli  itiit]  w  linlt  tliould  bo  ittade  lo  t\*'vt  it  nt  1fi>ui^.  I^rel,  ruUittg  pUinis  roniitiut 
fniiii  her*?  rii(*lit  up  lo  Tjiupi,  miJ  Ihtrtt  te  noiliinjc  p'iritc«il»r  to  •#■«»  brfoiYi  ilffi 
Rmi^ifHiki  l^ivrr  i-«  rraol»eiJ  nnd  tt  liiilt  omde  for  hnteb.  Kr*>m  rivers  to  Tiiipo, 
Uiruugli  ihi?  Ktiiii^nroa  Plniii»,  tlio  roiid  !#  nut  iMtorvDrtiifr,  the  oiAv  ahje«i«  of  iii- 
l<^re>»t  bring  tho  inons  of  wild  liort««  frtHjueutt/  inel:  with,  Twi^lve  tiiile*  frofO 
Tanpo  urn  I  lit*  gmvrt  of  th*  trooper*  who  wero  biHfd  ftt  Opi*))«  by  the  MaorU 
in  ttf69.  On  itriiring  Tanpo  ifie  ici^nery  imprnte*;  and  thif  fir^t  view  i*f  ihe  lake, 
wiib  the  |£miid  m*ii«nt«in'«  of  Tongnriro  (6,4SHft).  Ru>«pehu  (S.HTH  fi.).  and 
N|ipi<iridioe  (7,515  fi  )  ii»  ihe  buckgruuud.  »nd  Tan  ham  (3,»>i  3  ft,}  in  the  foregfotuid, 
wkt.h  the  niinifriins  clnuHIt  tif  ptea'n  a«(*endif»g  frum  tlii^  Ivot  t^iriMg-*  in  the  ne^ghhonr* 
h  H»d  luitke  a  grnnri  pit^iure.  The  cotch  ai-TiveA  at  Tsit^po  nboui-  4  o'clock.  «h<«r» 
there  ia  ii  ehoicp  of  tbri-e  good  hiaeU.  Thprfi  are  liot«  1«  ut  Pohiii.  Tii«a«efa, 
Rditgiriiiki,  iiiid  Tfitipo.  Qooi  IrouL-Gihing  cmi  ba  ubiuinvd  in  the  neigbbouHiood 
ol  the  hultrl«  iKenlioned^ 

TIte  Nnpier*  Wairoa  Road  haa  b<*en  completed,  with  the  pzreption  of 
bridge*  at  Wmkure  and  MataJionroa  Slreanii,  and  there  i«  a  weekly  n. ail-roach 
tcnice  between  the  l«>o  towns.  The  roach  ia  slopped  ot^asioniillj  bj  floods  at  tha 
ttretms  mention«»d,  anH  until  the  bridges  are  oompleled  the  heavy  traffic  betaeeo 
the  two  plaoeti  vi  ill  be  done  by  a  ^mtill  »iti>imer. 

From  the  Wniroa  a  main  road  runs  noflhward,  through  Ilia  Village  of  Tiniroto 
and  on  to  Qithorne^  a  dbtjim^e  of  sev^erUy-Ove  nnles.  For  a  considerable  di*tance  it 
runs  throngh  hilly  enuniryf  and,  at  it  haa  not.  been  gmrelled.  wheeled  traffic  ii 
suipendtnJ  dnriMg  the  wititer  niontlis  ;^  bul  a  eoneh  runt  werkly  for  oine  or  teo 
month*  out  of  the  year.  There  is  also  a  road  from  Wairoa  to  Qisborne  via  Nuhaka 
Hot  Spring«  for  whirled  tmiflc. 

Between  Oiftburne  and  Upotiki,  in  the  Bay  of  Plenty,  communication  ii  not 
g4>od.  Tlie  roiid«  whirh  it  I'iO  milft  in  It^ngili,  hns  bem  formed  lo  the  &Iota 
Towniliip,  adistnnre  of  tixt?  miles.  In  Llie  neighbonrliood  of  (he  forest  a  large  are* 
of  Crown  Isnd*  Iiilj*  Wen  t^ken  up  lind  settled.  The  rest  of  Ibe  journey  mutt  be 
done  on  horNehark.  A  mil^iAy  it  being  construr-led  from  Gitborne  in  the  directiiOi 
of  IkluLu.  The  |iorlior>  from  Oisborne  tti  Te  Kitrnka,  a  dii<Uinee  of  eighteen  milfen 
ia  open  for  trii£Ec,  The  continuation  of  this  line  will  greatly  assist  Uje  pr^igma  uf 
the  diiitrift. 

The  eountry  to  the  north  of  Oisborne  it  being  rapidly  opened  opi  the  roai^tal 
road  being  open  for  trtiCDo  aa  far  as  Fort  Awaoui^  while  aeTeral  of  the  arterial 
roads  lire  bring  eitendrd. 

Smitll  stvftmeri  I  rude  regularly  along  the  coast,  calling  in  at  Tolago  and  Toko- 
mar  u  Eiijs^  Waipiro,  Tuparoa,  Awanui,  Kawakawa,  snd  otiier  small  bitys. 

Pattoral  Industrie, 

The  Hnwke**  Bay  Btstriet  ia  pre-eminently  a  abeep-graiing  country,  and 
Urge   area  of  3,<'7<UilO  acres    has   been    ioi proved    and    sown  in  English  grai 
clover^  kc.     In  1905  there  were  4,373,355  »»heep  in  the  district,  and  the  nnnibei 
of  othrr  ttoek  wt^f  a»  fidlowa :  Hurpe»»  34),677  ;  cattle,  2^8,031 ;  and  »wine.  17,!!6&. 
Ihe  Tiilue  nf  the  wool  exported   from   Hawkers  Buy  lor  the  year  ended  SOtIt  June. 
1D05,  WMs  £9J&t2«0,  a  considfrHhle  incri»niie  otrer  pn^iiotia  tetr. 

Fret  Xing- works  nre  esltibli9*hed  at  'Jotno«na,  Port  Ahiiriri,  Oisborne,  and 
PflkipMki,  nnd  the  export  of  frozen  meat  for  the  year  ended  30th  June,  1903»  waa 
as  foUona  :  Beef.  1,115  tons,  taUicd  nt  £28.3<>0  ;  201.354  carrai*es  of  mutton,  Talucd 
at  £13i.823  ;  115  a2H  carcaaet  of  Umb,  Talued  at  £U3,»80  j  preserTed  meat*,  1,415 
tons,  valued  at  £2d,3C0. 

'Timber  IndmHtr^. 
An   showing  the  importance   nf   ihi?  indu*»try,  there  are  rumerout  sawmillt 
in  the  dtstrirt,  end,  oultide  of  nool,  froxen  nients.  tallow,  and  pelts,  siiwn  tint  her 
nUik»  6nl  in  the  lalue  of  \he   eipotVe.      45^*^.^^^^  ^^  Umber    were   exported 


Ip 


THB   HAWSB*8   BAT   LAND   DIBTHICT.  671 

during  the  jc*t,  the  fcolal  thIus  beir>g  £21,4f>3,  nnd  58,613  fMMt*  ATid  Ptminertt  tiiIq» 
£2.476.  It  is  i«ti»fiiftorj  fo  note  Umi  ^uwiuiUs  liate  been  estAblislifd  at  Poliui 
apid  PiilcftiMri,  in  wliicl^i  disirii'ts  there  mre  large  ar^a^  of  vulnubSe  for'^it.  At 
the  bulk  of  (he  iawn  timber  front  thpie  placet  mutt  iKtcpsAHrilj  come  throuf^h 
N»pier,  it  follows  UiAf.  tlie  p<>rt  mid  trnde  of  the  town  will  reap  laiuieiue  benefiti 
from  til©  furtber  development  of  the  iiidu«trj  in  iu  Ticinitj, 

Trawh'ftg  IttduMiry, 
At  prepent  no  less  than  thirty- 6ve  boats  of  all  6ize>«  are  i^Bgni^ed  in  the  trawling 
and   fiiliing  indiiftrv,    ^ivinff  enulo,^ment  ta  rcTeriil  In.ndrcd   prople.      Fish  are 
largelj  exported  to  WelliugtoOp  Wangnnui,  and  Fuluieratoii  North. 

It  may  be  ttated  that  every  aTtijlible  pifrip  of  flax  in  thi*  dtntrict  Im*  be«n  tiikBO 
up  i  aevtrul  f1  ix -millft  am  now  in  fuli  working-order.  The  output  of  fibre  for  the 
jcar  w*t  i,463  baloa^  ralued  at  £7,113. 

Affrifm  U  u  rat  Purtu  i  ^#, 

A|Stri<*ultiire  ie  not  carried  on  to  the  eilent  it  might  be  with  to  mucli  land  itiit- 
Able  for  root  and  grain  cropfi.  No  doubt  tliie  iit  dtie  to  the  proflta  nvHde  in  »hf^p' 
Arming.  It  is  chii^tly  conflned  to  the  Uerftaunga  Pkiiia  and  the  flat  land*  near 
Oisborne.  The  soil  le  faroiinible  to  root-cropa  f  potatoes  range  from  6  to  IG  tom 
to  the  acre,  and  in  Aome  tnsiaocei  fxcefd  this  amount*  Only  a  moderate  quantity 
of  grain  ii  fl^rown  ;  barley,  for  winch  the  soil  eeeniA  well  adapted,  returning  from 
to  fiO  biiBhrb  of  (!cx>d  »nin|iile  to  the  nfre. 

The  frmt  growing  and  cnnning  industries  haTe  now  attainiHl  Aonie  importance. 
There  am  large  ctrchurd^  at  tia«tings  and  HaTelock  North,  and  &l»o  ?tney&rdi  *t 
Te  Mjiia,  Tarad&le,  and  Qreeomeadawi. 


I  Dairying. 

^  Settlers    are    now    turning    their    attention    to    dairying,    and    factoriei    have 

been  ettablished  in  the  bnah  disiricta  at  Noreewood,  Orniond lilies  Maharahara, 
Hattingd,  Qisbomi*,  and  Woodville,  whiUt  aeveral  others  are  in  contemplation.  At 
the  last" men tionr-d  town  a  chefse* factory  has  been  to  exiiit«nee  for  some  years,  and 
tumi  out  an  eicelletit  article  much  songlit  after  in  other  part-s  of  llie  colony.  There 
can  be  no  doubt  that  the  further  deTelopment  of  the  dairying  industry  muit 
naateriaily  benefit  ihe  fArming  chijia — especially  the  «mall  farmer,  who  may  ind 
it  difficult  to  make  a  living  out  of  sheep. 

Other  InduHrieM, 
Other  industries*  such  a«  feUmongeries,  soap-works,  boot,  coach,  ^asb -and* door, 
and  rope^ and' twine  faalorieSf  kc.^  a^re  established  in  the  prthcipal  lowns. 

I  Climate, 

The  cHmate  is  generally  of  a  mild  chii raster,  and,  though  hot  along  the  coaat* 
lands  in  the  hnghl  of  summer,  it  is,  owing  l^o  the  dryness  of  the  atmosphere,  not  so 
relaxing  as  in  parts  of  the  i*Jnnd  farther  north.  The  rainfall  is  light,  eicepting  in 
the  bu^h  disirirt-s  and  high  inland  conntry, 

>apier  it«eir  is  reco  mm  ended  by  nmny  medical  mr*n  as  a  resort  for  inralidi 
tuffering  from  pulmonary  cooi plaints,  chiefly  on  ai*eount,  of  the  mildnoas  of  it«  ifintar 
aeason.     The  average  rainfall  for  Lhirly-Four  years  im  37'070  in. 

■  Tow»it, 

Napier  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  penin#n1a  kttow»i  aa  Seinde  Taland,  which  ta 

{'oined  to  the  maiinland  by  a  narrow  flhingle-bank  aeveral  miles  in  leTt^^th.  It  ia  a 
jusy  t^wn*  with  a  pop^daiion  of  about  9,5i^0.  Ttie  hiisineHs  pnrt  is  o»k  the  ^ot  Und  at 
the  fool  of  rhp  group  of  hills  thut  tuke  up  the  gr«*ater  purl  of  the  itetiittsula.  Thes« 
hills,,  formerly  barren  and  war^te,  are  now  oi<cui»iod  by  ntimeronH  prirate  renideticet, 
and  the  very  general  tree^planting  has  gifen  the  upper  town  a  tllttiniJtire  and  | 


672 


HBW    BBAtrAND   OPPICIAt.    TKAR-BOOK. 


i 


cbAncUr*  There  it  *  good  watertuppljr,  denred  whojlj  from  artetian  wells  of 
l&rge  lixei  and  pumped  bj  machiaerj  to  re«ervotr»  on  I  he  iopa  of  the  hilU.  Tht 
•flipping  trade,  at  the  large  exports  ahow,  U  e»pefiiJlj  aclire  duiing  the  wool  and 
froten-mf at  aea»oii.  It  is  eiill  carried  on  at  Port  Ahuriri,  about  a  uiile  from  lh« 
town ;  but  bai  irecentlj,  in  &  large  measure,  been  transferrpd  to  the  fine  breakwater 
which  ii  now  pnrliali;  comptetmt.  During  ttie  ji*ar  190S,  the  importe  amounted 
in  T»!ue  to  £260,566,  and  the  eiports  to  £1,418,877. 

Qisbome,  ibe  irade- centre  and  port  of  what  is  known  &■  the  Povertj  Baj 
District,,  is  a  prosperous  town  of  nearly  G,70€  inhabitonts,  eicluaiTe  of  Maoris, 
rapidlj  tnrreaaing  in  fii^  and  importanee,  as  the  large  quantitj  of  unimproved  land  in 
the  Cook  Count;  is  faul  becoming  settled  and  made  pruductive.  There  are  l«4S5,i6$ 
sheep  in  Cook  and  Waiipu  Covintiei. 

Oljdej  the  oountj  town  and  port  of  the  Wairoa  Countj,  is  pictareequelj 
situated  on  the  Wairoa  Rirer,  about  three  miles  from  the  mouth.  The  river  ii 
narigable  for  small  craft  as  far  as  the  TiUage  of  Fraeertown,  twelre  milee  further 
up. 

With  a  few  exceptiont,  the  to  was  and  ritlagea  l>o  the  iouth  of  Kapier  art 
all  situated  on  the  hue  of  railwaj  running  from  that  citj  to  Wfllinglon.  The 
principal  are:  Hastings,  a  ming  town  of  about  4,600  tnhiibitiint^,  Waipawa,  Wai* 
pukurau,  Danoe^irke  (population  about  3,&O0»,  and  finnllj  Woodrtlle  (populatioa 
about  1. 110),  about  three  mites  from  the  Manawatu  Qorj^e,  and  di«Unt  ninetj-five 
miles  from  P^api^r,  It  is  at  this  end  of  the  district  that  the  Crown  bas^  in  the  lait 
few  jears,  sueceseftillj  planted  settlement,  and,  in  place  of  the  continuoua  foretl 
known  as  the  SeTentj-roile  Bush  of  earlier  dajs,  there  are  now  proeperoua  town- 
•hip«i  with  Tarioui  tHriring  industriei  established. 

Crovm  Land*. 

The  land  held  bj  tenants  of  the  Crown,  of  whom  there  are  1,800  in  the  district 
under  (he  various  sjstemA  of  tenure,  amounls  to  801,245  acres,  and  there  remain 
about  15:i,81 4  acres  not  jet  dealt  with  in  any  manner. 

The  latter  is,  for  the  most  part,  suitable  for  pastoral  purposes  only,  any  fit  for 
agriculture  Ijing  in  small,  isolated  Bpof«,  widelj  iicattered,  and  such  as  could  nol  be 
•elected  indcpendoutlj  of  the  surrounding  inferior  land.  Nearlj  the  whole  is  bri^keD 
forest  country,  fitted  more  for  sheep  than  caUle,  and  having  an  average  carryin^- 
oapacity,  when  cleared,  of  about  one  sheep  to  the  acre,  thoueh  the  beet  of  it  might 
possibly  graie  from  two  to  three.  The  knd  ia  chiefiy  in  the  Hangaroa,  Eoranga, 
Marvga'oro,  Norse  wood,  and  Motu  DiBitriot*,  and  the  back-country  of  the  Waiapo 
County. 

About  23,117  acres  are  now  open  for  selection.  Thit  area  includes  landa  opei> 
under  the  pastoral' runs  ijstem. 

The  folbwing  is  a  short  description  of  tome  of  the  areas  to  be  dealt  with  in  the 
future : — 

Tutamoe  Survey  District* — ^7,750  acres,  being  the  Huiarua  No.  1  and  Tutamoe 
Blocks  ;  all  bushj  bruken,»oil  medium.     Situated  about  ihirty  mii«*s  from  Tokomaru* 

Kor«nga»  Tuahii,  and  Moanui  Survey  Distrit^t*.— About  48,000  aerve,  being 
part  of  the  Tabora  No.  2  Block,  situnt^d  north  of  Waipnoa  und  Ruakiturt  Rivprii 
and  between  them  and  the  Koranga  River.  IL  comprisi's  some  retj  hilly  country, 
but,  though  nearly  nil  the  lani  i*  covered  with  bush  or  scrub,  th^r^  i»  tom<*  fair 
soil,  and  would  make  fair  pn^tfoml  country.  All  well  wj^iered.  Nortli  of  this  por* 
tion  the  Crown  has  some  70,000  acres  in  the  Auckland  Land  District,  watt  of  ths 
Waioeka  Eiver. 

Motu  Survey  District. — 20,135  acres^  being  part  of  Motu  Block.  Part  unda* 
lattng  country,  rest  broken  ;  one  third  op^n  fern  nnd  fcruh,  i-eiiiHii.drr  fomt^clad ; 
soil  light.     About  forty  milei  from  Gishorne,  along  the  Optitiki  Road. 

Moanui  Survey  District. — About  I^,51K^  ncres.  At!  hilly  foreet  land,  at  an 
elevation  from  'KX)  ft.  to  3,&00  h.  First-cla«i  soiL  Distance  from  Oisborne«  llft| 
miles. 

Patoka  Surrey  District. — 4,029  acrea,  chiefiy  forest  country,  with  light  aoiL 
Part  river-bed. 


THE    HAWKK  B    MAY    LAND    DISTHIOT. 


673 


PukeUpu  Surrfj  Diitriot.— 320  ncres,  in  Blofk  L  Wiwte  land,  narlh  of  Ih© 
Pokopoko  Sirfam,  and  went  of  Seetiom  16  to  20,     Cliipfly  gullie§. 

TaLomite  and  Norsewooii  J>i*lrict«. — About  8,416  »crei  1  rood  30  perclies, 
b«ing  portion*  of  Tamiiki  Noi.  1,  3,  a,  4.  and  5»  Busli  countr;^,  all  cotered  witli 
hmTT  forest.  A  good  proportion  uudidatine  lund.  All  well  watered.  It  will  pro- 
bably be  BOOM  tirtio  befor*'  tliit  block  ii  opi^ned  for  aeli^etion, 

.Norsewood  Surrej  District — Piripiri  Block,  10,207  acre*.  It  will  probmbly  be 
•ome  time  before  this  land  ii  in  tlie  market. 

In  addition  to  tho  foregoing,  there  is  an  ar<*a  of  7,844  acrea,  principnllj  small 
blocks  frcnttered  over  T<irion«  di#iriets,  a**  follows  :  MMtn,  1,074  aerre  ;  Uikuraogi, 
1,931  acres;  Tokonmru,  216  acre* ;  Wain|?aron>iat  3,070  acres ;  Uawa,  53  arret  ; 
Hangeroa,  608  aerea  :   Waiapu,  798  acrea  ;  Matakaoa,  145  acres. 

Naiive  Land*. 
Of  the  Natl  re  landi  in  thi»  district^  a  rerj  considerable  portion  lm«  been  leaaed 
to  Eoropeans,  but  there  still  remains  in  tlie  hands  of  the  Maoris  a  Takinble  estat.e« 
ooropriftinp  b-oth  agriciillural  and  pastoral  {*ountrj,  and  tnuluding  some  &0<),U0O  acre^ 
of  excellent  land.  Tbit  land  lies  for  the  mo«t  part  in  the  Waiapu  Count/*  towards 
the  East  Cape. 

Thermal  SprHnff*, 

At  Waipiro  Baj  and  Nuliaka  tlierniKl  baths  bare  been  constructed  atid  their 
medicinal  properlien  are  highly  t|^)okon  of.  Both  places  are  now  accesi^ible  bj  eosob, 
•fid  the  number  of  Tttitors,  espectallj  in  the  sumtDBr-Lime,  is  considerable. 


THE   WTELLINaXON  LAND  D18TEI0T. 
John  Stbaitchon,  Chief  Survejor, 

The  Wellington  District  i*  bounded  townrds  the  north  by  the  Auckland  Dii- 
trict  J  to  ward  8  the  east  by  thu  Hawke's  Bay  Distrii^t.  to  the  tea  j  thence  by  the  ftca 
t4>  the  Palea  Riferon  the  Wrat  Coast  j  and  thence  bounded  towards  the  west  by 
the  Taranaki  Dktrict.  The  area  contained  within  these  limiti^  h  about  6,810,9S8 
acres.  It  lie»  belween  the  pamllels  of  Zif  and  41"  30'  8i>utli  latitudes  its  greatest 
length  north  and  south  is  about  180  miles,  and  its  mean  width  east  and  we«t  about 
eixtj  miles, 

Qeneral  Ph^iieal  Ft  at  urea. 

The  district  10  divided  iftto  two  well-defined  parts  by  a  mountain  range,  which 
loims  part  of  the  backbone  oC  the  Nortli  Inland.  At  its  n^orthern  end  this  range — 
there  known  bj  the  nuuie  of  Rualune,  and  averagmg  a  lieij^ht  of  about  4,UO0  ft. — 
dirides  Wellitigton  from  Hawkt***  Hay  ;  but  after  parsing  (he  point  where  it  is 
intersected  by  the  Uanawatn  Rirer.  the  range  takea  the  mime  of  Tararua  for  many 
mdeii,  unid,  at  about  forty  miles  from  the  terminal  ion  on  the  shores  of  Cook  Strait, 
it  dirides  into  two  main  nnigeif,  known  rcHpecttively  under  the  general  names  of 
Rimntaka  and  Tararua,  boHi  mnges  averugrng  from  2,5<X*  ft.  to  3,500  ft«  in  height, 
the  highcft  point  being  5,154  C  Panillel  to  the  main  range,  and  divided 
from  it  by  tlie  Wiiimrapa  Plain  and  the  undulating  country  to  the  Dorth, 
le  a  «erie«  of  mnge»  at  a  few  miles  inland  from  the  Knst  Coant,  known  as  the 
Puketoi,  Tuipo,  Manngiiraki,  and  llauran^i  Reinget.  Lying  on  the  northern  border 
of  the  district  are  the  Kaimanawa  Kmigei,  for  the  most  part  open  and  grass- 
uotered,  rising  to  0  mean  height  of  about  4,500  ft.  Westward  from  the  latter 
mouniainf»,  and  divided  from  them  by  a  deep,  broad  Talley,  in  which  flow  the 
Waikato  and  Wnngaehu  Rivers,  is  the  rolcanic  chain  of  mount^iins  containing 
Rua|.iebu,  9,IK38  ft.,  and  Ngaiiruhoe,  an  active  foleano,  7,615  ft,  hi^fh.  The  long 
i weeping  curve  of  Cook  Strait,  forming  the  aouth-weeteni  Emit  of  the  district,  ii 


674 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAIi-UOOR 


bordered,  frooi  the  pAt^A  River  t^  withtn  thirtjr  m\]t»  of  Wellmffton,  hj  m  ooo* 
paralirelj  lerd  and  undul»*hi(r  counirj.  now  neiirly  all  und^r  <*ultKmLton»liavin| 
ftii  sTflrage  width  of  about  flfl^en  iiiilaa-  Thii  w  one  of  the  finest  jmrU  of  tKi 
colon  J,  aud  is  c«t<?bmted  for  iU  fttock-raiiimg  cspabiHtiee.  It  va«  onginmDf  in  • 
mftt  meA«ure  open,  though  the  ftouthern  part,  where  the  plain  ie  narfowed  in 
between  the  sea  and  the  Tar&ruH  Ran^*-,  had  a  f^ood  deal  of  fore*t  on  it. 

Inland  of  this  coaslal  plain^  at  YHrjJni;  dii*iancea  fri»m  the  eaa,  the  coiiftt?j) 
gradually  rise^  to  a  mean  height  of  abotii  1,500  ft.  to  1,800  ft. »  and  beoomet  a  flood 
deal  broki'n  in  character*  It  wa«  ori^iMatly  forest ^clad  slmowt  throUKtiout.  Il  li 
much  cut  up  bj  riFeri  and  fttreamn  f\nwing  from  the  in»«*rior  lx>  the  #eft,  of  which  tlif 
prinmpal,  eommfneing  from  thenortli,  arc  there  :  the  VV^nttotam^  the  Wangfafiiii^  tJlt 
Wanfcaehu,  the  Rangitikei,  the  Oroun,  the  [\ihangiim,  and  the  Manawatu,  which  tail, 
after  leaving  the  gorge  in  the  RiiaSnue  Rii»i(fe«*,  run*  throuith  le»el  land  tn  ita  moolh 
in  Cuok  Straii,  Thii  broken  i^untrj,  bein|^  everywhere  com  poaed  of  papa,  or  ttiaHy 
formation^  which  take«  graae  excellentlr,  promiT*ea  in  the  near  future  to  be  a  largv 
•beep -carrying  diBtrict. 

At  about  fifteen  milei  south  of  the  Toleanio  peaks  of  Kuapehu  Moimtain  tht 
papa  country  terminntes  in  a  fairly  well-marked  escarpment,  giving  place  to  i 
more  level  and  itn<iiilating  couralry  formed  of  volcanic  niatler,  the  greater  portion 
of  which  is  foreit-clad,  though  on  the  south-east^  east,  and  we^t  tide*  of  tltai 
mountain  there  are  open  grassy  plains,  of  no  ffreat  fertility,  but  jet  suited  to  pM^ 
toral  pursuits. 

To  the  eastward  of  the  main  f  ange  formed  by  the  Rimutaka  and  Tararua  Kangei 
ie  the  great  depresftion  known  at  its  iNouthem  end  as  the  Wairarapa  Plain,  whirl) 
gradually  risea  northwards  from  Ihe  hike  of  ibit  name  into  somewhat  broken 
country,  of  no  great  height,  at  a  disiance  of  some  forty^fivfl  miles  from  the 
sen.  From  here  the  country  fiilli  again  slightly  t<>  the  Upper  Manawatu  River,  tb* 
depreesioQ  in  thi»  pari  being  marked  by  the  extensive  flats  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Pahiatua,  and  by  the  shallow  valleys  of  the  ManKahao,  Mangatainoko,  and  Tiran- 
mea  Eivers  and  their  branche*.  For  thirty  mileA  from  the  sea  thia  great  valley  is 
mostly  open,  with  patches  of  forest  here  and  there,  but  becomea  more  plentifuHj 
wooded  at  the  ba«e  of  the  Rimutaka  and  Tararua  Ranges.  The  quality  of  the  soil 
▼aries  from  light  and  stony  on  the  Wairarapa  Plains  proper  to  rich  papa  oountry 
as  ihe  DoriherD  end  is  approached.  The  soutliern  end  of  this  country  is  watered  b^ 
the  Ruamahanga  River  and  its  tributaries.  O^nc rally  ihe  diatrir^t  ia  a  paaiotal  ooe, 
though  agriculture  is  also  pursued  lucrestfully.  The  neighbourhood  of  the  Puketoi 
Eunges  is  in  many  places  composed  of  limestone,  and  promises  in  the  future  to  be* 
come  a  very  rich  pastoral  district,  such  as  will  support  a  coniidi>rab!e  population.  In 
the  forks  formed  by  the  Tararua  and  Rimutaka  Ranges  the  Hutt  Rtver  takea  its  rise, 
and  runs  in  a  soutlierly  direction  through  an  undulating  or  lei-el  country,  finally 
falling  into  Port  Nicholson.  The  valley  contains  lOEne  very  fine  land,  generally  beli 
in  small  boldtngs. 

Plaimt. 
The  two  most  important  of  these  have  already  been  mentioned.  On  thf 
eastern  side  of  the  main  range  the  Wairarapa  extends  northward  from  the  lake  of 
that  name  for  about  fi^rty- seven  mile«,  with  an  avemge  widthof  about  nine  mite*,  it 
some  parts,  fsperially  on  the  dale  along  the  Ruamnhnnga  River,  the  eoil  ta  alluvial 
and  rich  ;  in  others,  though  stony  and  unfit  for  cultivation,  it  is  nevertheleea  graaBed, 
and  carries  stock  wi?ll  in  the  winter  aitd  rainy  *ea«ons.  Tlie  plain  it  watered  bj  the 
Waiolune^  Wninguwa,  and  Ruamahanga  Rivers,  and  contains  altogether  about 
200,000  acres,  much  of  which  is  good  agricultiirul  land.  On  the  other  aide  ot 
the  district,  we«t  of  the  Tararua  and  Ruahine  Ranges,  there  is  a  large  bloek  of 
land  so  nearly  level  that  it  may  be  called  a  plain,  extending  front  Paekakariki 
(tweuty-peven  miles  from  Wellinifton)  to  \farton  (a  few  miles  north  of  the  Hangi* 
iikei  Kiver),  aud  contains  about  half  a  million  acree.  Starting  a«  a  rnirmw  •trip 
between  the  hills  and  the  sea,  the  plain  widens  out  by  degrees  until  at  Feiiding  it  it 
at  least  twenty  miles  in  breadth.  A  Wig  the  heacli  run«  »  fringe  of  »aridhilU,  but 
b«hind  this  is  lo  be  found  some  of  the  best  farming  and  grasing  land  in  the  (YilonT. 
There  are  two  plains  inland — Murimotu  and  Waimarino—botli  lying  tome  2^200^. 


H^  THB    WKI.LINGTON    LAND    DIBTHICT,  675 

aboTP  »e»'1i"reL  in  tlie  iipie1»tioiirKorMi  of  ^Tount  Hiiii|i«hu,  th«  former  to  the  south 
»tid  tJi**  luft^r  lo  thp  nortii-w«»»t  of  the  tnounUin.  The  soil  Im  C0T6red  with  aeoftrt^ 
nfttiFf*  tu-*4ioek,  iind,  tlioiigli  cHfuibl**  of  carrjitig  stock,  ii  of  a  light  porous  nftture^ 
sod  Cftunot  b«  cljueed  as  a^ioidLuiiil  biod. 

MiverM 
Tint  ftmonir  tli*'8e  is  the  Wnnifiintii,  with  a  lenftli  of  136  m\h&  from  its  BOUfce» 
aenr  MmiHl  Tonirnnro,  to  it  a  oinlet.  The  Munawatii  ia  next  in  importance. 
Ripinf^  in  the  Riwltine  Rnnffp^  if  (lowt  ttifoiigh  the  picturesque  Manawatu  Gorge, 
joifiine  IfiP  ten  it  the  pori  of  Foiton.  The  Rnnpitikei,  the  third  m  ii«p,  ri«»e§  in 
the  KnimnriMWii  and  Rnahine  Moitntiiinft,  and  Eown  through  the  Aii'iiru&  rountrj, 
where  it  u  joined  hj  the  Haiitapit  arid  olhcr  lurpe  trihuitariei.  Aft^r  a  course  of 
over  M  hundred  inilt*i  it  Tirachpn  the  »ea  some  little  dietance  h*low  the  Township 
of  Bulffl,  nn  thi"  west  rotwt.  Lester  rivfl^ra  on  the  we^t  eoftst  are  the  Waitotara 
(north  of  Wangrnnui)^  I  he  Wnneaehu  (which  tak^e  iie  rise  in  Mount  Ruapehu,  nnd 
from  it4i  iauree  bo  its  mmith  is  i*o  stron^^T  iinprf^^nated  with  Kulphur  that  Rsh 
cannot  lire  in  rt)»  the  Turwkina,  and  the  Otuki,  The  onlj  other  riTprs  of  any  siEe 
•re  the  Ifutt  (Merer  sun  pa).  ernptTinp  itsrif  into  the  Wellington  Hnrhoiif  ;  the 
Buiin^ah»ni;ti,  flowing  through  the  WaimrHpa  Vi\lley  and  lakes  into  F»lliser  Bay  i 
and  on  the  east  coaat  the  Pabooe,  Aohnnga,  and  Akitio. 

Lak«§, 
The  only  Iftke  of  any  size  in  the  WellinjEton  Diftri«t  is  the  Wairarapa^  lying 
between  the  Rimiitnka  and  HatiraniEi  Ran^pi,  towards  the  southern  end  of  the 
Wairaratia  Vallfy.  It  in  Hbont  twelve  mile^t  Innjf  and  four  broad,  and  »»  connected 
by  tlie  Riinmahnn^a  River  with  Oiiok©»  a  smftll  kke  separated  from  Falliser  Bay  by 
m  narr<*w  ikh-ngie-^pit  nnly.  A  piu^sHife  through  I  he  cptt  h  opened  from  time  to  time 
when  the  lake  riite^  ahotre  its  nHhirnl  leT*'!  and  overilowi  the  low-]ivin|^  fliits  along  its 
margin.  Wster^fowl  of  every  kind— among  them  numbers  of  black  twans— *re  to 
be  found  round  about  t}ie«e  lukes. 

SiUfnerif, 
The  Tipwi  obtained  from  the  rail  way -line  in  the  aaoent  and  desrent  of  I  be 
Bimntnkii  Range  ar**  » mo i^u  the  hrit  in  the  npinhbourhood  of  Wellington^  and  the 
road  tItroHgh  rli^©  Forty  mile  Dush  was  long  considered  one  of  the  nnost  beauttful 
drives  in  the  North  IsUnd  ;  but  its  beauty  bni*  been  diuiiniRhed  by  the  felling 
nf  tl«e  bn»h  consequent  on  the  mcreiiiie  of  settlement.  The  same  may  be  said 
of  the  Mariawutn  Gori;e,  fanned  in  the  old  coaching  days  for  ite  lorely  leenery, 
but  now  padly  marred  by  the  const ruci  ion  of  the  railway-line.  The  most  beautiful 
drive  tiow  left  is  throngli  the  Awania  Bush,  from  Ohingmiti  to  Moawhango.  From 
this  r>^i  as  it  winds  round  the  iipiirs,  most  charming  glimpses  are  obtainedl  of  the 
BanKitikt'i  Rivrr  nnd  th<^  bUie  hills  beyond,  and  at  other  poinls  the  traveller  looks 
Up  deep  rarines  where  the  gmeefu]  fem-tree  stands  out  in  hrighl  relief  against  the 
dark  green  of  (he  native  bu»h.  Another  road,  from  Pipiriki,  on  the  Wangnnui 
Hiver,  to  the  Muriinotu  PUin,  traverj«es  one  of  the  most  meguificent  forest*  in  the 
North  liiland.  Here  the  bu*hinati*s  axe  has  felled  only  the  tiuiber  standing  on  the 
road-linOp  and  the  truck  runs  beneiith  the  shade  of  the  largest  and  statelieat  niaire 
and  rimii  known.  Beautiful  as  the«e  drives  are,  the  scenery  on  the  Wanganui 
River  is  still  more  lovtlv*  A  few  miles  below  Taumanmtii  the  rirer  enters  a  series 
of  gorget,  shut  in  by  high  pre<:ii>iioui  ('|ifln<,  Sonvetimes  the  canoe  glides  etowly 
through  qtiiet  reaches,  sonietiines  ihnot^  rapidt  whicli  make  the  traveller  hold  hit 
breath  till  they  are  piMsed,  and  then  again  trnTerse*  places  where  the  water  is  ever 
in  turmoih  boiling  and  eddying  in  whirl ^loolsp  laiing  the  energies  of  the  most 
skilful  Nutive  sleer^mnn,  and  testine  the  nt-rve  of  the  most  courageous  tourist. 
TheiM*  eiperi*»nci^,  with  (lie  view*  obtained  of  the  hanks,  densely  wooded  even  where 
the  pupa  rofk  ri^is  ahn-jnut  slraisffit  from  I  lie  wnler's  edire,  make  tli*'  eighty-four  miles 
jo'irnry  from  THuinariinui  to  ripinki  an  event  not  easily  e^aced  from  the  meinory* 
Bet^veen  Ptpiriki  and  Wanrnnui  eicrllertt  i^teamers  are  now  running,  bo  that  the 
beautiM  of  the  lower  part  of  tha  riter  may  be  seen  by  all  without  trouble  or  dii* 


NEW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   yEABBOOK. 


comfort.     In  «umnier  time  »  Uiioeh  goe4  m  far  at  Taumtrunui  tjiret  timat  m 
with  the  couTeiiienoe  of  a  hou*e-l>oat  »t  Ohura,  where  the  iiiglit  b 
lip  ward  trip. 

ForuU* 

The  Wellington  Diet  net  it  essentia  tjy  »  forest  country,  for  out  of  the  B.SlO^dSfl 
acree  conUmed  witiiiTi  ir«  borders  abc^iut  3,U00,CMJ0  are  si  ill  under  bu«<h.  Bj  f»r  thp 
largest  forest  is  the  Wainmnno^  hnving  nn  area  of  »l  li^iist  three -quarter  mitli^o 
acres,  a  large  prtrliori  of  it  being  m-arly  level  lurid^  i^ntiiininif  uiae:i>i 5 rent  timber, 
prineipall?  loLarB,  niaine,  nrdtai,  riinu,  ahd  other  piiic«.  This  fore«t  b  ai  yet  hardh 
toudieil,  thougii  tiwber  is  being  cut  at  Eiielihi  for  the  settlers  now  making  their 
homes  in  the  neigh bourhuod.  The  distance  from  the  settled  districts  or  any 
will  render  the  tiriiber  in  this  part  iuele«s  as  a  market  able  commodiij  until 
country  is  opened  up  by  tlie  AuckUnd  Main  Trunk  Railway  now  in  course 
OOD si  ruction. 

There  is  a  Urge  extent  of  hush  land,  dnitned  by  the  Turaktna,  MangamaUct^  wni 
Wangaehu  RiTere,  eit«tiding  up  to  the  Wangauui  River,  and  cont&ining  about 
800,1100  aeret.  Very  little  of  this,  from  iU  inaeoessibihty,  wilt  be  utilt«ed  lor  saw 
milling  purposes,  but  a  great  deal  of  it,  t^)j;ether  with  a  further  block  of  23O.O0O 
acrei  on  I  he  west  side  of  the  Wauganui  River,  will  be  cleared  by  the  eettlers  sod 
•own  down  with  grass.  A  further  block  of  about  lOOtOOO  acrea  of  foreat  laad 
in  the  Fohni>giria  Yallej  aod  on  the  slopes  of  the  Kuabiue  Range.  A  large 
lion  of  this  ha*  been  taken  up  and  is  now  being  feltWd. 

The  forest    land    on  the  west  coa»t  eitt^nda  from  Pukenia  to  the  Manai 
Gorge,  on   the  west  side  of   the  Tararua  Range,  and   ooi^tains  an    area  of 
3OC),(tO0  acres,   the  bulk   of  it  being    i!t  only  for  turning  int^  pasture.     The  most 
available   part  of  it,  alongfide   the    Wetlingion-Matiawatu    RitilwAy,    it    being   ex^ 
tensivelT  cut  into  by  saw  miller*  at  Levin  and  other  placi<«  on  the  hue. 

After  tills  in  size  is  the  forest  on  the  eastern  slopes  of  the  Tararua  RangE«< 
extending  from  Featherston  to  the  Manawatu  Gorge,  whii'h  includee  what  remains 
af  the  wi'll-known  Forty-uiile  Bush,  containing  probaMy  about  175,<X)(I  aevttw 
Portion  of  thi»  area  is  being  quickly  ilenuded  of  tjinbi'r  by  the  sawmills  eatablished 
at  Pahiatua,  Newman,  Hukanui,  Eketnliunn,  and  by  settlers.  A  tract  of  about 
&0,0€H)  acres  lying  to  the  east  of  the  Puketoi  Ranife  eannot  be  utilised  for  milling 
purposes,  as  it  is  not  tap]>ed  by  any  bmncii  railway-line,  and  its  distance  f\ 
the  main  line  would  probably  render  the  business  unprofitable  except  for  1 
purposes.  Nor  are  there  any  suitable  ports  along  the  ooast  where  timber  could 
he  shipped. 

The  other  forests  are,  one  near  Lake  Taupo,  and  the  Uaurangi  Foreat  on  the 
eait  side  of  the  Wairarapa  L&ke.  These  conpist  for  the  most  ^lart  of  beech' 
egyered  bills,  and  cannot  be  ooniidered  a*  raluable  for  milling  purpoiea. 


their 

m 


i  and 

1 


'4d 


r 

■^   great 


SoiL 


Tt  may  be  aaid  that  the  Wellington  Land  District  contains  within  its  borden  a 
greater  quantity  of  good  land  thiin  any  other  in  the  North  Inland,  very  little,  exce] 
the  mountain  tops,  bfiing  unfitted  for  une,  while  some  of  tt  is  of  r^ry  aupei 
quality,  suited  for  the  growth  of  the  prodnction»  of  every  teutperate  climate, 
much  of  it  ift  still  forest-clad,  settlers  must  look  forward  to  having  to  make  thi 
farmi  by  felling  and  burning  the  huah  before  gm«a  ciin  be  sown,  and,  as  it  take»  froi 
ten  to  Gfteen  years  before  the  plough  can  be  used  in  bush  land,  grHxing,  for  whii 
the  climate  and  toil  is  admirably  adapted,  will  be  the  prin<-i|>ii]  industry  for  sotne  ti 
to  oomee  It  is  generally  calculnted  that  the  ro-^t  af  felling  and  bMrning  ordini 
bush  varies  from  25  s.  to  358.  ati  acre.  To  this  must  be  add  Ltd  about  20»^  far  seed  and 
fencing.  It  is  no  uncommon  thing  for  a  return  t^  be  received  at  from  twelve 
eighteen  months  after  ftilling.  The  usual  practice  is  to  put  sheep  on  to  the  ii< 
lands  toon  after  the  graiis  has  obtained  a  good  hold.  The  process  of  improving  tl 
lands  by  the  gradual  "  logging  up"  and  burning  of  the  fatlen  tree-trunki  ia  a  loi 
one,  but  it  pays  in  the  end,  for  in  this  way  ftne  paituredandi  are  obtained 
hOia,  and  agriciiltural  lands  on  the  di^U. 


■  THE    WELLISOTOK    LAND    DISTRICT.  677 

Climate. 
Ttj«  cliriiate  of  Wi'llbigton  Dittnet  ta  heahhj  and  mild,  the  me^n  annual 
temperature  (in  the  city)  beiiig  about  65,  wltilct  the  uieiin  rainfull  iei  tibotil  50 in.  per 
Annum  j  and  for  ihe  jbkt  eikdiDi^^  3l»t  March,  I90fi»  I  he  mean  teinpernturc  wrt»  54'^, 
ftnd  the  minfjill  58  Hid.  on  I8i  daya.  The  rninfttll  difF*?rt,  lioweyer,  aocording  to 
loc&lity.  Iiilnnci  and  near  tfcie  miigea  it  in  much  frr^ater.  The  top  of  Ruapehu 
Mountain  ia  iM>yered  with  perpetual  snofr,  which  liet  alio  on  iha  top»  of  Kaimanawa, 
Hu&hine,  aad  Tararua  iti  the  winter.     Frmta  are  heavy  in  tlie  iiiterior. 

Harbours  and  Port*. 
Tfae  coaata  ofWetlmg^ton  ure  not  so  well  supplied  in  thia  respect  aa  are  fame 
other  part  a  of  tlie  eollony  ;  hut  what  is  lost  iu  nun^ber  i*  nmde  up  iu  a  greiit  meai>ur« 
by  the  eii ellence  of  the  chief  hareu  —  Port  Nidiolaou  — wliich,  from  the  pwition  it 
occapiea,  at  the  meeting  point,  a*  it  were,  of  the  coastal  trulTtc  of  both  lalnndw,  and 
firom  its  sheltered  position  and  depth  of  wat*r,  nuiy  be  considered  one  of  the  most 
ooQTeDtent  harbours  in  the  world.  The  Wangiinui  River,  which  has  beei.  consider- 
ably iniproTed  by  artificial  meane,  is  the  second  port  in  the  district,  and  ha«  a  eoTi> 
tiderable  tratie  carried  on  by  coastal  ateumers.  The  Putea  and  Manawatn  River*  are 
aUo  used  by  eoasta.1  ateftmeri»  whilst  several  other  inlet*  along  the  shore  afford  shelter 
and  it oppinf^-plaoesi,  according  to  the  direction  of  the  wind.  The  exten«ion  of  rail* 
ways  along  both  eoa^ts  has,  in  a  large  measure,  done  away  with  the  inconTenicuces 
arising  from  waTJt  of  harboura. 

Towns. 

The  capital  of  the  colonv — Wellington— Is  Bltuatet!  in  the  south  weet  aoglo 
of  Port  Nicholson,  on  Lambton  Harbttur.  It  was  founded  in  1840  by  the 
New  Zealand  Goiupany.  The  city  occupies  the  fiat  skiniug  the  original  shore- 
Hnei  long  since  obi  iterated  by  the  reclamution  of  the  foreshore,  wnich  is  now 
mostly  covered  with  fine  buildings.  The  population  of  the  c»ty  at  the  last  census 
was  58.663.  includmg  Melrose,  which  nwf  forma  part  of  Wellington.  Including 
auburbB,  the  population  weis  63,607  The  harbour  is  land-locked,  contains  an  area 
of  about  20,O0C>acreB^  and  vanee  in  depth  from  G  to  14  faLhomB,  with  good  anchor- 
age, the  bottom  being  silly  clay  and  sand.  The  width  of  entrance  at  narrowest  part 
is  3,600  ft.,  with  a  depth  of  7  to  8  faihoraa ;  the  current  never  exceeds  2  Itnots ; 
the  rise  and  fall  of  tide  varies  from  3 ft.  to  4 ft,  Thtre  ia  no  bar  at  the  entrance 
to  the  harbour;  and  vessels  can  enter  inwards  or  outwards  in  all  weather  and  at 
all  states  of  the  tide,  Th^re  is  a  hxed  white  light  at  Pen  car  row  Head,  on  east 
Bide  of  entrance,  at  a  height  of  322  ft,,  viHible  for  twenty  five  miles.  There 
is  also  uow  bein^  erected  at  foot  of  Pencarrow,  35  ft.  above  the  water,  a 
lighted  beacon,  wlTich  will  define  the  entrance  to  the  harbour  in  thick  weather 
when  the  high  light  may  be  obscured  by  fog.  The  £xed  light  on  Somes  Island ^ 
within  the  harbour  and  Bix  miles  from  Ponoarrow,  is  95  ft.  above  sea-level,  and  Ib 
visible  for  sixteen  miles.  It  has  a  white  sector  fixing  the  en  trance- passage.  The 
outer  tignal-statinn  on  Beacon  Hilli  near  the  Heads^  on  the  ^est  side  of  the 
entrance,  Rignals  all  veBsels  as  soon  as  distinguished,  and  those  are  repeated  at 
the  inner  signal  station  on  Mount  Victoria  for  the  information  of  the  towns* 
people. 

The  Beacon  Hill  Station  is  connected  to  the  city  public  telephone  ex- 
change. The  total  wharf  •  accommodaiion  for  berthing  vessels  amounts  to 
10,t>13  ft.,  with  depths  of  water  ranging  f;om  16  ft.  to  32  ft.  The  Harbour 
Board  has  a  complete  and  elaborate  sys^fm  of  bydraulio  plant,  compriaing 
some  forty.fonr  cranes  (fixed  and  movable)  with  variable  rakes  np  to  32  ft. 
and  50  ft.,  and  lifts  of  from  2  to  35  tons.  There  are  also  movabla  winches 
And  sundry  smaller  hydraulics  plant  in  the  sheds  and  st.  re**.  Storage  sheds  are 
available  for  cargo  discharging  from  or  loading  at  any  berth,  and  have  an  area 
of  228,981  square  feet  of  floor-Bpace,  with  a  cubic  capacity  of  3,824,110  ft. 
There  is  also  a  patent  slip,  owned  by  a  private  company,  that  can  take  vessels 
yp  to  2,000  tons,  not  exceeding  in  length  300  ft.,  or  greater  draught  than  16  ft. 
at  forward  end  when  going  on  to  slip.  The  ways  are  laid  to  a  gradient  of  1  in  23, 
and  are  1,070  ft.  in  length  at  high  water,  with  a  depth  of  32  It.  at  outer  end, 


678 


NBW   2BMiAN]>  OFITIOIAL   ¥BAB-BCX>K. 


Tbli  slip  U  gltQUted  at  Evftns  6ft>%  aome  two  mtlea  and  m  half  from  tbe  wbarrM. 
There  are  aI^o  several  foundries  ftod  sawmillB  svailabte  t«i  carry  out  any  rep&iti 
Tffquired.  For  the  year  ending  90th  Sep  ember,  1905,  2,936  vei^Relg,  of  a  regif 
kerod  tonnage  of  2,278,724,  used  the  port.  Tbe  ton d age  of  froo  is  passing  OT«r 
the  wharves  daring  tbe  past  twelve  monthfi.  Inwards  and  transbi pnieQt\ 
amounted  to  d6G,859  touB  of  general  goods;  and  114,9t>0  tons  were  also  shipped 
outwards,  as  well  as  190.422  bales  of  woot,  hemp,  and  tow.  Coal  amoantfrd  lo 
113.53H  innn.  Timber;  Inward,  6,870,000  superdoial  feet;  ouiw&nie,  l,SOo^000 
fluperflciAl  feet.  The  value  of  imports  for  M&me  period  amounted  lo  £S.463,l7i. 
and  the  exports  to  £2,9B6^246.  Tbe  Harbour  Board  has  a  lur^e  dredge  capable 
of  dredging  down  to  42  ft.  at  low  water,  and  it  it  arranf^ed  so  a^  to  deliver 
the  maierial  at  lea  or  to  pump  it  ashore  for  reolamation  purposes.  The 
Board  is  also  about  to  construct  a  graviDg-dt^cJE  650  ft.  in  length.  »  deotb  ^l 
38  ft.  on  the  siil,  and  a  width  of  entrance  of  84  ft.  It  has  aUo  large  sehemflt 
of  reclamation  in  hand,  partly  with  a  view  lo  obtainlni  revenue  by  letting  and 
partly  in  conneotion  with  schemes  of  wharf-aecommod&tinn,  and  to  give  road 
and  railway  approaches  to  the  new  wharves.  The  Board's  revenue  on  workinf 
acoounb  las(  year  was  i|124,885,  and  its  working  expenditure  amounted  to 
£89,25 1»  in  addition  to  which  £26,566  was  written  off  for  depr<»ciAtioij  oo 
stru'  turee.  Tbe  total  cost  on  capital  exp«:iiditure  Mince  the  6o%rd>  inceptioa 
in  18S!  has  been  £764,228,  ^nd  its  loan  indebtednrs^  at  the  30t.h  September  tail 
£430  000,  and  it  baa  an  estimated  balance  of  asaeis  over  liabilities  of  £276.129. 

Baing  the  seat  of  Government,  tbe  citv  contains  the  residence  of  the  G^)- 
vernor  and  the  headqusrtera  of  tbe  Government  D^'partments,  which  are  placed 
in  what  ia  said  Co  be  the  large^it  wooden  building  in  the  8autliern  Hemtapbere* 
There  are  several  notitseable  public  buililing",  amongst  which  mus  be  ment^r^r^cd 
the  pArliamentary  Buildiugu,  containing  a  valuable  hbrAry,  General  P.»st  Offi  «, 
Government  Life  Insurance  Offict^a,  Government  Printing  OUxoe,  Oovi^rnment 
Radway  Offioea,  CnBtomhouse,  Fablio  Ltbrary,  School  of  Art,  Town  H  »ll,  and 
Harbour  Board  OffieGs.  Tbe  Colonial  Moseum  nnd  the  Botanic  A  Gardens  art 
also  worthy  of  notice.  Tbe  city  is  lighted  by  ga!i  and  electricity,  and  iii 
principal  streets  are  paved  with  woodt^n  blocks.  An  excellent  supply  of  w^ter 
18  obtained  from  the  Waintii-o  mata  River,  on  the  other  side  of  the  harbour, 
end  from  the  Kaiwarawaia  Stream,  to  the  westward.  A  system  of  eleetrto 
trams  for  tbe  citv  ha?  been  installed,  and  extended  to  Brooklyn  and  I^aad 
Bay ;  Kilbirnie,  Karori,  and  Wad  est  own  will  also  uoon  be  oonnected  with  tbs 
ciiy.  The  prinoipal  industries  are  represented  by  iron  artd  brass  fouodriefl, 
sawmill^,  ar^ap  and  candle  works,  boot  fantories,  aerated-water  and  meat  freexini 
works,  coachbuilding,  rope  and  twine  works,  sash  and  door  factories,  brick,  tile, 
and  pottery  works,  printing  and  publlnhiig  ofTireR,  besides  match  and  b  ^x  fao- 
torii'S,  and  other  smaller  works  of  various  kinds.  The  city  is  irfcreasing  with 
rapid  strides ;  its  excellent  position,  together  with  the  line  hack  country,  pUoei 
it  in  Lbe  front  rank  of  New  Zealand  towns.  The  principal  suburbs  are  Onslow 
and  Karori,  containing  2,098  and  2,194  inhabirantH  respective! v.  The  raiUay- 
line  to  the  Hutt  Valley  ia  now  being  stra  ghtened  and  duplicated  to  aHord 
greater  facilities  of  transit,  which  are  necessary  in  consequence  of  tbe  rapid 
development  of  population. 

Petone   it  situated  near  the  mouth  of  the  Hutt  River,  seven  miles  from 

I  Wellington,  on  tbe  railway-lino.     It  has  a  popuUiion  of  abrtut  5,900,  and  Is  a 

I  rial  rig  township,  con  taming  the   Government    Railway  Worksh'-'p*,  a   wuolten^ 

factory,  and  a  meat  freezing  and  preserving  CNtabliahment.     A  good  wa^ersupply 

is  obtained  from  the   Korokoro  Stream,  tbe   reservoir  being  two  miles  atd  a 

quarter  distant. 

Tbf*  Lower  Hutt,  almost  immediately  adjoining,  has  a  population  of  about 

3,400.     Tbe  water-supply  is  artesian  at  present^  but  a  loan  ba-i  been  earrit^d  (nf 

a   pumping   and   gravitati^vn   sobeme,  also   another  loan    for  a   pumpir>g  and 

gravitation  scheme  of  sewage -dram  age.      There  are  four  hoteU,  two  m^ifiutao- 

^         tories,  two  sawmills,  one  State  School,  one  Roman  Caiholio  SchonI,  and  Sflveml 

^^     private  ffobonls.     The   public    butldlngfi  are  a   Railway-station,   P-ihoe ufaiiou, 

^H    Municipal  OfSoes,  Library  and  Fcee  Reading-room,  with  a  new  Pai»t-offio<  In 


^ 


THE    WELLINGTON   UAND   DIBTBICT.  8TS 

ourse  of  ereoUon.     Daring  the  pMt  year  twelve  ehopt  and  lOS  dwellmeboufiei 

'l»»vebe»>n  erected  witbia  tlie  borou^b.     The  rftinfaiJ  last  jear  wag  Gl  &G  m.  od 

about  170  d*yp.     Tbe  Upper  Hatt.  siluat&d  at  the  head  of  tbe  valky,  haB  uiAtiy 

stDaN  Urmo,  ownfd  by  s  m^  n[  tbe  very  early  settlers.     Tbe  railwuj  here  begins 

the  lEi^cent  of  the  Rimiitiika  Range. 

Fe>ifberi»ton,  situated  m  the  Wairarapa  Valley,  forty-Bix  mileB  hv  rail 
from  Welltngton,  is  a  Bmall  iowosbip,  with  butter  atid  cbeeae  faotoriea  irt  the 
peighbourhood,  Tbe  oopulatiPir  ia  670,  viritb  two  hotek,  a  State  School,  Town 
Hall,  Town  B  ard  Offi'^e  and  Lite- ary  Institute.  A  gravitatioD  water  supply  it 
DOW  being  iiistalkd  Hoais  kad  from  it  to  ^  I  art  in  borough  and  the  east  coasts 
and  also  down  the  Wairarapa  Valley  to  Falliser  Bay, 

Greytowii  is  eituated  three  miles  ol!  the  main  line  ol  railway,  with  whioh 
it  JF  corneoted  by  a  branch  line,  and  noar  the  middle  of  tbe  Wairarap»«  Viil'ey, 
fifty  four  miles  from  W- llingtoo  by  rail.  The  population  is  about  1,130,  with 
thrt^e  botel<4,  two  man u fact  nea,  one  State  and  High  School,  also  a  PutiJio 
Library  and  R  adlt'g-rootn,  Post-offici*,  Rail  way-station »  and  Municiptil  Council 
Chambers.  Water  i**  hrougbt  in  from  tbe  Waiohine  River,  and  there  is  no 
drainage  «ystfm.  Tne  refuse,  &c.»  is  removed  by  contract.  There  is  also  a 
10-acre  recreation  reserve.     Daring  last  year  49'9G  in.  of  rain  fell  on  176  days. 

Martinborough  lies  near  tbe  eastern  side  of  the  Wairarapa  Plain,  and  is 
[iOTne  eleven  mlPS  and  a  half  from  Fcatheraton^  the  nearest  railway-station  on 
'  tbe  Wellington-Napier  raiUay-line,  and  ia  a  fiourisbing  little  town  of  some  040 
inhahitanip,  with  every  prospect  of  increasing  the  population  within  the  next  few 
years,  having  a  good  and  extensive  back  country,  capable  of  carrying  a  large 
number  of  people.  There  are  two  ^ood-sized  hotels  and  a  good  boardinghous^. 
There  are  two  manuftictories,  one  State  School,  Po»it  and  Telegraph  Office, 
Court  bouse,  Town  Hall,  ^nd  County  Cnuncil  Offices.  There  is  ao  water  supply 
or  drainage  system.  The  Town  Board  has  just  raised  a  loan  of  £2,000  for 
Btree^improvementa. 

C*rtcrton,  where  are  to  be  found  cheeee-faotorieB,  &c.f  has  a  population  of 
about  1,400  persona.  There  is  some  >splendid  farming  land  in  this  Jocai^iy  on  the 
boDks  of  tbe  Ruamahanga  B^ver. 

Maslerton  is  situated  at  the  head  of  the  Wairarapa  Valleyi  on  the  Welling^ 
tor>-N»pier  Railway,  sixty  seven  miles  from  the  capital.  It  ia  the  centre  of  an 
agricuhural  and  pastoml  country,  and  has  a  population  of  about  5,050,  There 
&re  six  hot*- Is,  nuxneroun  manufacrorieSi  two  State  Schools,  including  a  District 
High  School,  Rnman  C»tholic  Convent,  two  private  sebools,  and  one  Technical 
Bcbool ;  the  public  buildings  being  a  Town  Hall,  Public  Library  and  Rending* 
room,  Post-office,  Courthouse,  ulso  Municipal  and  County  Council  Offices,  Rail- 
way-station, &o>  There  is  also  a  public  park  of  about  30  acres,  with  sports- 
ground  and  grandstand,  Sec.  ;  also  a  school  reoreation-ground  of  3  acres,  and 
large  fish^iatcberies,  Durivg  the  past  year  fifty  shops  and  office4  and  eighty 
dwellinghf  uses  have  been  erected,  Ihe  water-supply  is  by  gravitation,  the 
e)»tem  of  drainage  being  by  septic  tank  with  sewage  farm  annexed.  Rubbish 
is  carted  to  a  depot,  and  there  are  also  some  small  private  desiruotorF.  The 
r<infall  last  year  was  51  32in.,  and  ftll  on  171  days.  The  town  is  lit  wiihgas. 
An  imp  rtant  coact«.road  leads  fn^m  here  through  a  fine  pastoral  district  tu  Ti 
Kui,  and  on  to  Castlepoint  on  the  esst  coast,  where  a  large  quantity  of  wool  ie 
annul  I  ty  shipped  to  Wellington  for  f  iport. 

Konh  of  Masterton  is  ibe  Opaki  Plain,  and  beyond  is  the  entrance  of  the  once 
famous  Fortv-mile  Eunb,  which  is  now  a  thriving  pastoral,  agricultural,  and 
dairying  district.     Biitterfaotories  have  been  ostabhshed  at  numerout^  centre^-. 

Eketa^Ulla  is,  by  rail  and  road,  tighty-nine  miles  from  Welliigton,  From 
there  »  main  road  leads  to  Alfrcdton  and  up  the  Tiraumi^a  Valley,  Ihrough  the 
Kai»t  Pukeioi  country,  to  VVehtr  and  Daiinevirko,  the  latter  on  the  Kapter  rail- 
way^liue  Tbe  population  is  about  700^  with  four  hotels,  nine  msnu factories,  one 
Biate  Bchn*l,  Poai-officc,  Courtliouse,  Rail  waysralion,  and  To**n  Hall,  There 
is  abo  a  recreation  grouted.  There  is  no  water-supply*  but  a  sev^age  sytein  of 
drainage  ia  now  in  course  of  ii  a  allation  ;  ruhbii-h  aud  refuse  is  buriid*  The 
rainfall  last  )ear  amounted  to  69  55  in.,  and  ftll  on  ]92  days. 


■ 


^ 
I 


i 


680  NHW    SBAIiAMO   OFI^iOlAL   VJBAK-BOOK 

Pah^tuft,  a  township  eighteen  miles  beyond  EketahtiDa,  luis  &  popolatkn 

about  1,380,  The  number  of  hotels  ia  four,  manufactories  thirty-i^ix,  wiih 
District  High  and  Public  Scbo  >!?,  and  alf*o  a  Convent  School.  The  public  buiJd- 
ing^  are  :  GoorlhoUBe,  P  st  office,  Public  Library,  Drill  shed »  &c.  There  U  alio* 
10  acre  rpcreati<  n  reserve  Theni  it*  a  gravitation  water<Anpply,  and  the  drain* 
age  system  is  b?  gravitution  through  pipes  into  a  septic  tank.  The  raiofall  for 
the  jear  ending  tbe  31fit  March,  I9or>«  was  59  97 In.,  and  fell  on  '210  days.  II  U 
the  county  and  market  town  of  a  Urge  and  improving  district,  and  willprobabtj 
also  become  the  centre  of  a  large  dairying iudustry.  Several  branch  roads  ran 
frcm  Ptthiatna  into  the  adjomtng  country,  the  priucipal  ooe  leading  to  Mak^ 
through  a  beautifully  wooded  gorge.  Prom  there  another  branch  road  pats*! 
over  tbe  Makuri  saddle  into  the  East  Puketoi  country.  Excellent  Ashing  fi 
obtainable  in  tbe  neighbourhood. 

On  tbe  west  coast,  Pabautanui  (or  more  correctly  Paua  taha  nui),  at  the  hesd 
of  the  Porirua  Harbour,  is  the  centre  of  a  small  agricultural  community  of  early 
settlers,  the  old  coaoh-road  to  the  west  coast  running  tbroagh  it;  and  there  is 
a  branch  road  leading  over  to  Hayward's,  in  the  Hutt  Valley.  Near  Plimmertoo^ 
on  the  aand hills  and  about  a  mile  south,  lies  a  large  boulder  knowD  to  NaUve 
tradition  as  '•  Te  Punga  o  Matahourua  '*— the  anchor  of  "  Matafaourua/*  one  of  the 
CHUoes  bringing  the  original  Maori  inhabitants  to  the  Island.  Paekakariki. 
twenty-seven  miles  from  Wellington,  may  be  oonaidered  tbe  oommencing-poiut 
of  the  weAt  coast  settlements,  which  are  springmg  up  in  every  available  valley 
along  the  const, 

Otaki  is  forty-seven  miles  from  Wellington  by  rail  and  road.  There  are  jii 
hotels,  four  manufactories,  and  two  sawmills  ;  one  State  School,  one  Romic 
Catholic  and  one  Maori  SchooL  There  is  a  Railway-station,  Post-office,  Hos- 
pital, and  several  other  public  buildings,  but  the  township  has  neither  a  wat«r- 
suppty  nor  a  drainage  ajstem,  the  refuse  being  removed  by  oontraat  and  bnded. 
The  rainfrtll  was  40  72  in.,  and  feli  on  159  days. 

Levin,  proclaimed  a  burough  in  1906,  has  a  population  of  1,265  petsoiu. 
The  water-supply  is  by  gravitation.  Drainage  is  by  a  system  of  op^n  drains 
HubbtDh  is  carted  to  a  rubbish  and  ni^htsoil  depot.  There  are  two  hotels,  t^<:> 
man ufaof ones »  and  two  sawniilla,  one  Public  School,  including  a  District  High 
School.  Post-office,  Courthouse,  and  Municipal  Buitdings.  There  are  also  two 
recreation -grouLds,  3B*49in.  of  rain  fell  on  159  days  during  the  past  tweivo 
monthK. 

At  Manukau  and  Shannon  thriving  townships  have  arisen  since  tbe  Mana- 
watu  Hail  way  Company  opened  up  the  land  round  about,  much  of  it  being  rtek 
farming  and  grazing  country.  Betiveeu  Shannon  and  the  Manawatu  Rtrer  there 
is  a  large  raupo  or  ftajt  swamp,  named  Makur^rua*  containing  at  least  15,000 
acres  of  6ne  alluvial  soil,  which  is  being  gradually  drained,  and  will  probably  nt 
some  future  period  become  grazing- land. 

Foxton,  a  borough  at  the  mouth  of  the  Manawatu  Hiver,  a  small 
shipping- port,  contain i*  1,330  inhahitantP,  four  hotels,  seven  daxmilla,  one  State 
Sobuol,  and  a  Public  Library.  There  ii^  also  a  public  park.  There  Is  no  water- 
supply  and  no  drainage  system,  tbo  ni^htBoil  and  other  refuse  being  rexnc^ed 
by  cart  to  a  depot  outside  the  borough.  It  is  oonneoti?d  with  Palmersion 
North  by  a  branch  railway*  and  is  the  outlet  for  a  large  area  of  good  agricat- 
tural  land,  with  a  oonaidurab^e  flax  milling  industry.  The  Foxton  Wharf  U 
512  ft.  long,  and  the  railway  runs  down  it.  The  harbour  lighc  is  white,  and 
visible  for  eix  miles  seaward  in  ordinary  wt^ather.  The  depth  of  water  on  tbe  bar 
at  faig'>  water,  spdng  tides^,  is  abaut  11  ft.,  and  at  high  water,  neap  tides,  about 
8  ft.  From  the  mouth  of  the  river  to  the  wharf — s-ome  six  miles — the  wat^r 
on  the  flats  is  about  the  same  depth.  Vessels  can  lie  afloat  at  tbe  wharves  4^  *  i 
timeK,  hut  they  can  only  work  the  port  with  a  flowing  tide  and  in  favourable  w^ 
Two  hundred  and  sixty  ve&seU,  i^ith  registered  tonnage  of  83,037  tons,  used  th 
durmg  the  year.  Messrs.  Levin  and  Co.  have  a  river  service  conBit>ting  of  five 
steam  lauDches  and  a  number  of  punts,  which  are  employed  in  supplying  the 
numeroii<<  flax-mills  on  tbe  river  with  raw  material,  and  also  in  hringmg  down 
£bre  to  Foxton  for  shlpm^ent.     k  to^e  ax\d  x^wm^  manufactory  has  been   recently 


THE    WKLLINGTON    LAND    OrBTHICT.  68| 

The  M&Dawatu  Heads  are  difltani  by  road  some  three  miles,  and  are  a 
''faTOtirite  summer  resort  of  the  re^idetits  of  PalmerHton  North  and  other  parte  of 
the  Manawatu  district.  There  are  about  a  doz(?n  bouses  at  the  Hend^^.  Direct 
railway-conimunioation  between  Marton  and  thiB  port  would  enable  the  wool 
And  timber  from  the  Eangitikm  and  other  up  country  districts  la  reach  the  sea- 
boar^i  for  shipment  with  the  shortest  p^ossihle  land  carriage, 

Palmerston  North  is  an  inland  town  at  the  junction  of  the  Wellington-New 
Plymouth  and  the  Fahnerston-NApier  Hailwayt^,  littuated  on  a  fine  pbun  in  the 
mirst  of  a  most  excellent  farming  districr,,  at  a  point  eighty-Reven  miles  from 
Wellington  and  112  miles  from  Napier.  The  population  is  about  10,250>  Tho 
lown  is  lit  with  gas,  and  has  a  gravitation  water-supply  and  sepliotank  system 
of  drainage.  The  refuse  is  burnt  on  the  river-bank.  There  are  fifteen  hotels  and 
seventy-nine  manufactories  of  all  sorts,  and  three  State  Schools,  one  High  School^ 
four  private  schools,  and  one  Catholic  School  and  Convent.  The  public  build- 
ings are:  Courthouse,  Post^ofhco,  Opera  House,  Libraryi  Municipal  Buildings, 
Hospital,  and  Ball  way « station.  Fifcy  shops  and  225  houses  have  been  erected 
during  the  year.  There  are  recreation-grounds,  a  Fuhllc  Domain,  and  Agricul- 
tural and  Paatoral  Show-grounia,  The  rainfall  last  yoar  amounted  to  42659 in., 
and  fell  on  200  days.  A  tine  bridge  across  the  Manawatu  Hivor  connects  it  with 
the  FitKherhert  Block,  a  tract  of  nch  agricultural  land.  Nine  miles  from  Pal- 
merston  ia  the  Township  of  Ashhurst,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pobangina  Valley,  up 
which  settlement  ban  now  extended  for  a  distance  of  twenty- two  miles.  Several 
large  farm* homestead  association  blocks  have  been  selected  np  this  valley, 

Ffilding  ia  ninety^nine  miles  from  Wellinf^ton  by  rail.  The  population  is 
i^hout  2,975,  and  there  are  four  hotels,  two  State  Schools,  with  Post-office,  Court- 
house,  railway*atation«  recreation-grounds,  &c.  Th^ro  is  a  gravitation  water- 
sup  ply.  The  drainage  system  ia  by  gravitation  into  a  septic  tank,  and  the 
rubhi^h  is  removed  to  the  borough  depot.  Feilding  is  one  of  the  n^o&t  important 
towns  on  (he  west  coast,  as  it  is  the  centre  of  a  very  fine  locality  and  (he 
outlet  for  a  large  tract  of  inland  country,  the  forest  on  which  is  fast  being 
felled.  A  ooaoh-road  connects  it  with  Birmingham  (KinihoUon)  and  Pemberton, 
about  thirty-two  miles  dintant.  On  the  seaward  side  for  a  distance  of  twenty 
miles  there  ia  also  much  good  fugrioultural  land,  fxtending  on  the  north  west  to 
the  Rangitikei  River,  and  including  the  Township  of  Halcombe.  There  are 
several  dairy  factories  established  in  the  neighbourhood. 

Marton,  116  miles  from  Wellington  by  rail,  is  one  of  the  earliest  of  the  west 
coast  settUments,  and  is  the  centre  of  an  agricultural  country.  The  population 
is  about  1, 21b,  There  are  three  hotels  and  four  manufactories,  two  schools  (one 
Boys*  College  and  one  State  School).  The  public  buildings  are  fourteen  in 
number,  and  comprise  among  others  Muuicipftl  OfFicee,  Opera  House,  Public 
Library  snd  Heading- room,  Posl-ofHce,  Courtboufie,  &o.  There  is  also  a  public 
park  of  some  10  Srcres  in  the  centre  of  the  borough.  36  53  in.  of  rain  fell  during 
the  year  on  157  days.  The  town  is  supplied  with  water  by  gravitation  from  a 
reservoir  one  mile  and  a  half  away,  the  pressure  being  equal  to  451b.  to  the 
square  inch.  There  Ia  no  system  of  hi>rough  drainage,  the  ni^htsciil  and  refuse 
being  buried.  The  Towimbip  of  Bull's,  on  the  north  &i(^e  of  the  Bingitikei 
River,  lies  between  Marton  and  the  coast.  From  Marion  Junction  the  southern 
part  of  the  North  Inland  Main  Trtink  Railway  extends  up  the  Rangitikei  Valley 
for  forty-five  mites  to  Taihape,  passing  through  Hniiter%'ille  and  Mangaweka.  A 
short  distance  beyond  Mangaweka  is  the  viaduct  of  (he  same  nanie^  944  ft.  in 
length.  ?he  rails  are  now  Uid  for  sixtsen  miles  beyond  Taihape,  viz.,  to  Tura- 
ngfirere,  and  the  onstruoiion  ol  rhe  line  is  proceeding  as  far  as  and  ovim  beyond 
Waiourn.  The  uistance  from  Marton  Junction  to  the  summit  at  Waimarino 
is  about  lOi  miles.  A  coach- road  has  hetu  made  to  Waiouru,  and  thence  to 
Tokaanu,  on  L»ke  Taupo,  in  the  Auckland  District;  and  also  from  Wainuru  to 
Pipinki,  on  the  Waoganui  Biver.  Branching  from  thiii  latter  at  Obakune  a  new 
road  IS  now  in  course  of  construction  in  a  northerly  dirt^otion.  and  thrc?ugh 
connection  with  the  Auckland  Provincial  Flistriot  is  expected  to  be  estvbiiihed 
hy  this  route  during  the  coming  summer.  Another  road  runs  from  Turanga- 
rere  through  Moawhaugo  to  Napier. 


■ 


682 


NSW   ZKALAND   DFPIOIAL    YRAB*BOOfi, 


Hunter vill6,  sitaabed  \n  the  centre  of  a  gr«s  ng  (1istrinl»  h&i  a  pr^pnUtion 
of  645.  There  &re  two  botets,  ooe  State  Sahool.  Pj«t  office,  C>iirthoase,  Rtilwmy^ 
Bt&tioD,  Slc.  There  U  no  water-Biipply  or  drainage  system,  tbe  refase  b«io| 
rem'^ved  by  cart.  There  ia  a  public  domain.  The  raiufall  for  Lasi  yaai  wai 
46-685 in.,  and  fell  ota  183  days. 

Wanganul,  eituated  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  that  name,  ia  the  oldM 
town  after  Wellington,  from  wbioh  It  ta  150  mUen  by  rail — the  diacanoe  bj 
sea  heins,  only  120  miles.  It  ia  the  centre  of  an  excellent  farming  dit> 
trict.  The  population  is  about  B^'200.  Toe  town  U  lit  with  ga».  and  Km  a 
gravit'itiou  water-suppW,  also  a  graTitatioa  dralnago  so  heme  <1i»c  barging  inio 
tbe  Wangcinui  River.  Refuse  is  collected,  buried,  or  burned.  Triers  are  twaJf« 
botela,  twelve  manufaotories  of  various  sorts,  and  two  sawmills.  There  are  tvo 
Col  leges —one  for  boys  and  one  for  girls— four  State  Schools  and  Bvb  C^^^  ^'- 
Schools,  a  Post-office,  Public  Library,  Museum,  Land  Office^  &c,.  C  »ur 
Otiii«rvatory»  Opera  House,  Hospital^  Gaol,  and  Rail  way -statioo.  Th«  rr 
last  year  wan  48  77  in.,  on  167  days.  The  Railway  Wharf,  the  principvi  oo<». 
is  some  9O0ft.  long,  and  can  accommodate  six  coastini;  vefisele.  Tha  Gatle 
Wharf  is  40  (t>  long.  Hatrick  and  Go. 's  Wharf  and  the  Aratnoho  Wharf  are 
each  40ft.  iong.  The  Heads  Wharf  at  CaatleclifT  is  360  ft  long.  Tbe  port 
ligtit  on  North  Head,  CaHtlectif!,  ia  one  of  the  sixth  order,  and  in  el^at 
weather  la  visible  for  thirteen  miles.  The  depth  of  water  on  tbe  bar  v&ri««  f^oiB 
10  ft.  to  13  tt.  at  high  water,  and  3}  ft.  to  6^  ft.  at  low  water.  Ther^  ia  lift 
of  water  at  the  wharves  at  iiigh  water,  spring  tidee.  Coa^ting-vesitts  can  only 
orof^a  tbe  bar  at  or  near  high  water,  but  it  is  rarely  that  they  ar^  anabla  la 
oross  inwards  at  that  time^  although  with  a  strong  aouth^west  gale  blowiflg 
they  are  unable  to  cross  outward.  475  vesseUf  wiih  a  rrgii^tered  tonnage  of 
105,040  tons,  used  the  harbour  during  the  year  endmg  31st  March,  1906.  Th« 
value  of  imports  (or  that  period  amounted  to  £178,403,  and  the  «^xuort4  to 
£331,691.  Near  the  mouth  ol  tho  river  are  freeziag-workR,  the  mrat  from  which 
is  conveyed  by  fighters  to  the  large  English  steamera  wh  ch  Ire  off  the  n»outb  of 
the  river,  Ifotfar  from  it  are  some  extensive  railway  workT.h'>ps.  The  Wargimiti 
River  is  navigable  for  a  light-draught  steamer  up  to  Pipiriki,  a  diatance  of  ^iItv 
miles,  and  a  launch  goes  a  further  distance  of  eighty*four  miles  to  Taumaruaui. 

Raetibi  has  no  hoteh,  being  within  the  King-country  ;  but  there  are  two 
good  boarding  houses,  one  State  Bfhooli  Post-oHice,  Police  Office,  Waimarioo 
County  Council's  Office,  dairy  factory,  two  maun  factories,  and  one  sav^nnlL 
During  last  year  two  shops  and  four  dwelltnghouRes  were  erected.  There  ts  al*o 
a  recreation  ground  of  some  II  acre»  in  extent,  but  no  wtiter-supply  or  driuna«« 
system  beyond  a  few  open  drains,  &g.  FiefUHe  is  oarted  away.  The  r»infsll 
duiiug  laBE  year  waa  71^18  in.,  and  fell  on  17^  days. 


Crow9i  Lands  available  for  Future  Settlement 

Town  Land.— Sections  iu  Piriaka,  RActihi,  Obaktme,  Mowhanau,  Waionru, 
Taihape,  Mataroa,  and  Pongaroa  Town^hip^  Will  probably  be  open  for  sa  e  at 
Wnnganut,  Haetihi,  Taihape,  Pongaroa,  Pc^hiatua,  and  WeiUngtou  on  dales  dae 
notloti  of  which  will  be  given  in  the  local  pApere. 

It  is  expected  that  the  fai  lowing  bloLks  will  shortly  hi  offered  :  Aboot 
98,000  acrea,  known  as  the  Retaruke,  Kirtkuu,  and  Te  Maire  Block»«,  on  tbe 
Wanganui  River,  south-west  of  Taumarunui,  under  fimati  graziug-rtin  aud  optional 
sysif^ms  ;  about  20,000  acres  in  Kawatabi  Biock  (North  Kaitieke),  and  abotil 
9,000  acres  of  the  Kangitatau  Blook,  od  the  Waituiara  River. 

Small  blocks  havo  been  purchased  in  tbe  Hutt,  Petone,  and  Johnsonvilta 
dietrictj^  under  the  Land  for  Settlementa  Act  artd  "  The  Workers'  Dwetlmgs  Aci, 
1905,*'  including  the  Willord,  Hall-JuneB,  Waddingion,  Slelling,  Uawtrev,  Httt^ 
taungA,  HoUorthy,  and  Pitt  Settlementn.  VVofkinetrs  dwellings  arc  being,  and 
about  lo  be,  consiructed  on  mme  of  these,  and  it  is  expected  that  &  numoer  wilt 
I  shoilly  be  available  for  diaposal. 


THK    WELLINOTO.V    LAND    DISTRICT. 


683 


N^ 


Improvtd-farm  SetiUm^nt  Landt. 
All  the  ftvftllftbTe  iand  Buitable  (or  holding  under  tbe  imp  roved 'farm  oon- 
ditioDfi  baa  now  been  ullotud,  bub  if  any  o!  tbt3  aectioDS  now  bcld  under  ibis 
s>Btfm  Fihonid  b«  forfeited  they  nil!  probably  be  balloted  for  amongst  ap|tllcanta 
in  the  di&ttlct  who  are  known  to  be  of  good  character  and  iikely  to  make  good 
•etUera. 


Latui  cjwiir  and  nvailahh  for  Ordinary  SeUction. 

A  number  rif  forloited  Fections  are  now  open  for  Beleotion  in  the  KaiparofO 
Block,  and  in  MomJiiiki  d»Btr]ct. 

WAfiganui  Kivcr  Trust  Endowroeot  Blook. — This  block  of  9J33  acres  i» 
sobdivided  into  four  lots,  open  fur  selection  on  the  Emall-grnzinU'run  system* 

Fukeloiara,  Abnahu,  and  Te  Tuhi  Blopka. — These  blocks,  which  coniprlBO 
about  29,600  acres  of  unsuiveyed  land  situated  on  tbe  right  bank  of  ihe  Wauga- 
nui  Hiver,  aboui  thirty  miles  from  Wanganni»  are  now  open  for  aeleotiou  under 
Ihe  optional  ayfitems. 

Tokaanu  Tijwnc^hip. — Leanea  of  ninety-eight  allotments  for  the  tenn  of 
twenty-one  yearH,  wi I h  rignt  of  renewal  for  a  further  term  of  twenty  one  yeaw, 
are  open  for  ai  plication  by  tender. 

Hokio  TowiiBhip,— L  ases  of  thirty-threo  allotmenta  for  the  term  of  tweoty- 
ODe  yeaiv,  witb  rigiit  of  renewal  for  a  further  term  of  twenty-one  years,  are  open 
for  appiica'ioM  hv  lender. 

Wbarangi  ^Foxton  Sanatorium). —Leaaea  of  eleven  allotments  for  the  term 
of  foiirteen  years  are  open  for  application  by  tender. 

VMage  Lands.— Village  homesteads  are  open  for  applioation  in  the  following 
Mttiements:  Mar^halli  Mangaweka,  and  Manunut. 

Nonnaikdale  Seitlement.— About  eighteen  lots,  ranging  from  5  to  389  aores, 
are  open  (or  application  on  lea^e  in  perpetuity  in  this  settlement,  which  is 
si  tun  ted  near  Lower  Hult 

Linton  Settremeot.<-One  lot,  150  acres,  situated  near  Haloombe,  is  open  for 
application  on  tease  in  perpetuity. 

Taw  Aha  Settlement.— Eight  lots,  ranging  in  area  from  60  acres  to  122  acres^ 
are  available  for  dispOi^al  on  liease  in  perpetuity. 

Crown  Land  Guidrs  and  sale  lithograpna,  giving  full  particulars  of  lands 
open  for  stb  ction  tn  this  land  district,  will  be  forwarded  to  any  one  on  applica- 
tiuD  to  the  Coujmisaioncr  of  Crown  Lands^  Wellington. 


Native  Landa. 

Townships  are  now  surveyed  at  Pirraka,  Tokaann,  Parata,  Potaka,  and 
Hokio,  ^eciions  in  all  c  f  wbich,  except  Fotaka,  arc  open  for  leasing  undtsr  "  The 
Native  Towriphips  Act,  1895." 

Ohfitu  Block.— Scveii&y-one  lots,  comprtsing  an  ari^a  of  57,455  acres  of  Maori 
land,  about  forty-five  miles  up  the  Wanganui  River,  in  tVie  Ohotu  Block,  have 
b^'en  o(T*red  for  selection  for  terra 4  of  twenty-one  yearn  with  right  of  renewal, 
^toiit  of  tliese  have  now  beitn  He^ectedr  but  partioularf*  as  to  the  few  lotiii  «till 
open  Crtn  be  obtained  from  the  Pfesident  or  Secretary,  Aotea  Maori  Land  Board, 
Wanganui. 

Tne  blocks  under  lease  to  Europeans  contain  about  374,700  acres,  the 
principal  being  Owbaoko,  Mangohane,  Kuanui,  and  Oroumatua.  Of  others 
passed  through  Ibe  Native  Land  Court  there  arc  about  562,415  acres  which  are 
fit  for  sctilemfnt,  the  jrinclpal  being  the  balance  of  the  Awarua  and  the  Motu- 
kawa,  Te  Tnhi,  Ahuabu,  RaiiRiv^aea,  and  Puketotara  Blocks,  in  the  central 
disrrtot;  Raaiilii  in  the  WKimrvrino  district;  Tauakira^  Ohotu,  Whabarangi,  and 
MorikdU,  on  the  Wanganui  River;  Maraetnua  and  Kahakaha,  between  tbe 
WiLDganoi  and  War>taehu  Rivers.  Those  not  suitable  for  settlement  at  prr-sent 
are  the  Te  Hautii*  Ohuarrga.  and  Katmanawa,  on  the  east  Hide,  and  the  Oahn- 
kura  on  the  west  aide,  of  Tongariro  Mountain »  containing  an  area  of  about 
345,000  acr«B. 


684 


NSW    EBALAKD   OFFICIAL    TKAK-BOOK. 


The  N«tWe  lands  which  hav«  cot  passt^d  the  Nftlive  Land  Ck>urt  cod  tain  m 
»rea  of  about  105,306  acres,  the  prtneipiil  being  the  Pnkehlka,  Te  Hftuto, 
Wa^hunu,  and  Waipapa  Blocks^  on  and  between  the  VVangaehu  and  Wauguii;! 
Biv«rs,  and  aome  otiiers  on  tba  west  «ide  of  the  latter  river. 


I 


k 


ft 


Pastoral  and  AgricullHfal  Industries, 

The  pastoral  industry  is  by  far  the  more  important,  the  total  area  io  grees  m 
1906  being  2,704.623  acres,  an  com  pared  with  107,097  acres  under  crop,  gatdeo, 
or  orchard.  01  the  area  in  crop,  7,477  acres  were  in  wheat,  21,353  iu  oats,  asd 
i7,27'2  acres  in  turnips  or  rape,  the  rest  being  in  potatoes  or  other  crops. 

The  following  6gurea  will  show  the  average  return  per  acre  of  grain  for  the 
year  1900  :  Wheat,  31-82  buBbela  ;  oats,  35  18  bushels  ;  barley,  43  03  bushels. 

T^e  area  in  sown  grass  now  exceeds  that  in  any  other  district  In  the  oolosj, 
though  the  area  under  crop  la  very  smaU  as  compared  with  either  the  Otagoor 
Canterbury  Districts.  In  April,  1905,  there  were  3,949^583  sheep;  aod  in 
October,  l\X)5.  the  cattle  numbered  396.209,  horses  54,410,  and  pigs  44,907-  The 
total  area  in  eardena  is  giveu  as  2,767  acres  ;  in  orchards.  3,552  acres;  and  in 
plantatiotiB,  5,267  acres. 

Dairy  Industry, 

Both  soil  and  climate  are  well  adapted  for  the  production  of  butter  and 
cfaees^',  and  the  number  of  creameries  and  butter  faotories  is  increasing  very  eoo- 
siderably  each  year,  and  the  e:Kport  coostaatly  augmenting. 

Thirty  butter  and  twenty^ three  cheese  factories  were  returned  io  Aagnit, 
1905,  as  at  work  in  the  Wolltngton  Provincial  District. 

Phormivm  Tenax* 

The  principal  A»x*mtilA  working  are  at  Featherston,  Carterton,  and  Mtftin- 
borough,  in  the  VVFiirarapa.  and  at  Waikatiae,  Shannon /Tokomaru,  Lioion,  Oroua 
Bridge,  BuU*b,  and  Foxton,  in  the  Manawatu,  This  iudustry  has  incrensed  greatly 
during  the  la.st  few  veara,  the  export  from  Wellington  (or  the  year  endirig  31sl 
March,  194)5,  being  about  12,000  tons  of  dressed  Hax.  There  were  sixty 'One  mills 
at  work,  empLoyiifg  935  hauds^ 

The  tow  produced  in  the  course  of  manufacture,  which  was  formerly 
destroyed,  is  now  found  to  have  a  market  value  of  from  £12  to  £7  per  ton,  and  is 
exported* 

Ti7Hber  Industry » 

Sawmills  are  to  he  found  in  different  parts  of  the  district  where  the  means 
to  conveyance  of  the  timber  Trom  the  forei^ts  are  Bufficient  and  not  too  costly, 
the  Umber  cnt  bemg  principally  totara^  red-pine  (rirnu),  aud  white-pine  (kahi- 
katea) ;  the  first  two  are  largely  used  in  hou^e-constr action,  bridge-building,  and 
other  ivorhB,  and  the  last  for  butter  boxe^  and  export  to  Australia,  for  similar  use 
there.  Others  of  the  native  wouds  are  very  beauiiful,  but  aie  utilised  only  to  ft 
small  extent. 

The  principal  mills  are  at  Pahi%tua,  Eketabuna,  &c.,  in  the  Forty-mlla 
Bnah  and  Wairarapa  districts  ;  at  Otski,  Waikanae,  ShanDon^  and  Levio,  in  tha 
Manawatu  cimtrict;  aud  at  Taihape,  Kaetihi,  and  Taumarunui,  in  the  interior 
country.  There  are  alsj  mill-^  and  faotories  in  Wellington  and  other  towns  for 
dresMUg,  &c,,  the  rough  material.  In  the  whote  district  there  were  duiing  the 
last  year  (to  tJlst  Alareh^  1906)  270  miJIs  and  sash  and  door  factoriee  engaged  in 
Ihis  industry,  employing  2,290  psrsong. 

Miscellaneous  Industries* 

The  number  of  the  other  principal  industries  in  this  provincial  district  for 
the  year  1905-6  were  a^  follows: — Meat  freciiingand  pre^ecving  works.  11;  ham 
and  bacon  curing  catablishments,  3  ;  fiah-curmg  works,  3  ;  grain-mills,  8  ;  bread 
And    confeotiouery    works,   mdvidVuii,  Vi«kVvQ%  ^u^  Vi\%n^&\^  manufactories,   19i; 


THE   UARLBOROUOR    LAND   DISTBIOT. 


686 


breweriei,  25;  aerated- water  faotoriea,  35;  ooadiment-fflotorlen,  10;  so&p  and 
candl»4  works,  10  ;  cooperages,  G;  gasworks.  11  ;  brick,  tile,  and  pottery  works, 
31  ;  pliimbiiig  and  tinware  factories,  99;  iron  and  bra^B  foundries^  55;  printing- 
offices,  71;  btii^ke^  and  perambulator  factories,  7;  coaohbuihin^  and  ptiiaiing 
works,  230;  cjcLe- factories,  66;  stidcllGfy  and  barQQ>«s  factories,  7S ;  tanning, 
fellmung'-rini?,  &o,»  efitabli^hmetits,  29;  sail  and  mlsk in  factories,  9 ;  furniture 
and  o&bi  neb  making,  99;  tailoring  ebtablisbments,  182;  dressmaking  and  mil- 
linery, ^33  ;  sliict-tuaking,  11 ;  boot  and  shoe  factories,  91. 


THE  MARLBOROUGH  LAND  DISTRICT 
C,  W.  Adams,  late  Chief  SurTeyor 

Boundaries, 

The  Marlborough  Land  Dialrict,  oecupjing  the  Rortb-east  corner  of  the 
Middle  I»land,  and  containing  abimt  :i!,T92,5iiX9'  acrei  of  land,  i§  bounded  f^emerallj 
on  the  nortik  and  e&^t  hf  Cook  Strnir  and  the  pswL  coast  as  far  an  the  Conwaf 
Ri*er;  thertce  bj  that  river  to  iu  janelion  with  tl>e  Towj  River  ;  from  this  point, 
by  «traigbt  lines,  risers,  and  the  AUmniita  of  watershed*,  lo  the  wea tern  fide  of  Tenny- 
son  lulft,  Peliiru®  Sniind.  From  the  Conway  to  the  Acheron  River  it  abuU  on  to 
the  Canterbur/  Land  Diitnct,  and  frani  that  riFcr  to  Felorus  Sound  it  li  bounded 
bj  the  Land  District  of  Nclaon, 

The  wid^ftt  part  of  the  diitriot  is  from  Cape  Campbell  to  Topbouse,  a  distance 
of  about  «ixtj*8eTen  milea^and  the  extreme  length  from  Cape  Jackaon  to  tbeConwaj 
if  120  miles. 

Tbe  diitrict  tbronghont  is  genrmUj  mountJiinouSj  but  none  even  of  tbe  bigbett 
peaki  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  althongh  Tapuaenuku,  tfie  highest  of  tbe 
Inhind  Kaikoiira^t  attains  an  altitude  of  9.462ft.  Of  the  Seaward  Kaikonras, 
or  Looker-on  Mountainti,  tbe  bigtieal  points  are  Kailarau  and  Whakan,  wbiob 
are  8,700  ft.  and  8j5(X>  fl»  refpeotifelj.  There  are  soTeral  lesier  peaks,  from  4,.000  ft. 
upwurd*, 

Tbe  Tiew  from  Kahantara  Bluff,  south  of  Eaikoura  Settlement,  looking  north- 
wards, when  the  Looker-on  Mountains  are  snow -capped,  is  said  to  be  one  of  the 
flJQeet  in  New  Zealand. 

Qeotii^icMlly,  tbe  district  maj  be  brteflj  described  as  follows:  North  of  the 
Wairau  RiTer  the  rocks  belong  cbifflj  to  tbe  Upper  and  Lower  Devonian  series, 
with  a  belt  of  SiluriiaQ  between  ihem,  embracing  the  «x>unlrj  along  tbe  west  of 
Queen  Charlotte  Sound  to  Cuok  Strait,  Within  these  *tntv^  auriferous  deponts 
are  found,  and  at  present  worked  at  Malmkipawa,  Wnkaniarina,  and  Wnirau 
Valley.  In  EndeavLHir  Inlet  an  antiinoiiy-uiine  was  worked  for  some  time  ;  but 
operatiotis  have  been  discontinued  and  the  njMcbincry  r^-mor*-!!.  The  country  south 
of  the  Wairaii  River  nmy  bo  snid  to  belong  cliieOy  to  tlie  Carboniferous  Age.  with 
pntche*,  ttlorvg  the  coast  and  np  the  Clarence  Valley,  of  C re taceo- Tertiary  and  Lower 
Greenland  furmiittons  i  while  along  and  between  the  Awatere  and  Ctflfence  Rtvers 
▼olcantc  formation  and  nuTnernus  inirueiive  dykes  occur.  Tbe  ^ed^  Hills  also,  ikt 
the  h^^ad  of  the  Wairnu  Valley,  are  of  tolcunic  origin. 

Coal  Jms  be«*n  di»i*OTered  in  the  neigbbourho-tid  of  Picfon,  ami  in  the  Clarenoe 
Valley,  but  none  hat*  been  as  yH  8ncce»a(ully  worked  witjiin  the  district.  A  narrow 
belt  of  Tertiary  limestnue,  Hunable  for  tMiiIdinj^  purposes,  extends,  with  small  inter- 
rupt ion«,  from  Cjipe  Campbell  to  t)ie  boundary  of  the  Canterbury  Provincinl  Dis- 
trict, The  MarlboroAJgh  land  nmy  be  divided  into  three  classes:  Open  land,  gene- 
rally covered  with  a4»(.»'riatcd  grasdes  ^  forest  Und  ;  ai»d  tnterniediate,  or  land  partly 
fore!»t,  partly  covered  with  scrub,  fern,  or  otiier  rank  vegetation.  This  original 
condition  of  the  soil  naturally  gave  ri*e  to  a  localisation  of  industries,  and  a  very 
unequal   disLribution  of  settlement.      Tlius   tbe   open   country    was   taken   up   fof 


» 


686  H«W    fiKALAKD   OFFICIAL   TBAR-SOOK 


putoral  purpoeet ;  in  the  forest  count rj  th«  timber  indnetrj  mwt  derdopeil,  mt%A  the 
mtensediAte  land  p^med  into  the  bundi  of  fannere,  'J'liough  «griculiure  it  no« 
•xtending  into  tbe  pastor&l  and  foreet  oounlrj,  and  contiderable  n.re»*  of  forget  bud 
llAfe  been  cleared  and  laid  down  in  gniee.  the  portion*  of  the  dietnct  charactenaed 
by  theee  respective  induatriet  are  *iill  wrll  dptlned» 

In  tbe  nortbern  part  of  the  di*tnct»  bounded  by  Cook  Strait,  numerooi  dm 
fiordt  and  baji  run  far  into  the  land.  The  principal  of  thf^  are  PeUirue  aaa 
Queen  Charlotte  Sounds,  Tory  Channvl,  Port  Uuderwt>od,  and  Port  Oore, 

These  Souuda  are  Terj  pictureaque,  but  the  hilli  furrounditiijr  them  are  not  lo 
rugged  and  precipitoni  aa  are  thoae  of  the  thirteen  celebrated  Suuoda  on  Uie  wcil 
coa«t  of  Otago  and  Hontbland. 

Though  generally  at^ep,  tbe  land  i»  not  too  rouj^h  to  be  uaed  for  paetonl 
purpo04's,  nnti  nearly  all  the  land  in  the  3ijundt  i«  oecu^jied  by  tliriTing  vettlrra. 

Pelorua  Sound,  the  moit  extennive  and  picturetque,  ii  t hiriy- four  tin te«  lon^ 
following  the  cotirae  of  the  main  channel,  with  the  Town  of  Harelock  at  it*  hrtd. 
There  are  many  bays  and  inleta  branching  off  in  all  directions  :  the  targeat  of  thoe 
ia  Kenepuru  Sounds  fourteen  miles  long.  Pelorun  Sound ,  tnrludmg  ita  branchei^ 
has  a  shore-line  of  over  30(»  miles  in  length,  not  counting  i»Ianda, 

Queen  Charlotte  Sound  ia  the  next  in  length,  being  thirty  miles  Irom  iti 
entrance  to  ita  head  j  it  al«o  haa  many  bays  and  inleta,  one  of  which  ia  PictOB 
Harbour,  twenty-five  miles  from  the  entrance. 

Tory  Channel  ia  ten  inile^  long,  and  forma  the  most  dtreei  line  of  rommnnie^ 
tion  between  Piclori  and  Wellington.  The  distance  from  WflUngron  Whsff 
to  the  entrance  of  Tory  Channel  is  about  forty  miles,  and  about  twenty  n^orelft 
Picton. 

The  Bhore4ine  of  Queen  Charlotte  Sound  and  Tory  Channel  ia  over  200  miles 
in  length.  The  entmiiDG  of  Queen  Charlotte  Sound  ia  about  twetily  in  ilea  di»taa| 
from  that  of  Pelorus  Sound,  and  this  latter  i»  about  twelve  mdes  from  the  Frenck 
Pass.  Gent-rally  Lhere  ia  deep  wat«r  in  all  the  M>unds  and  bays,  and  good  aiifhoragi 
can  be  found  nciur  the  shore.  Tbe  country  is  hilly  ererywht^re  in  ihe  n*•ighbou^ 
bood  of  the  Sounds,  the  highest  point  being  Mount  Stokes,  S.951  ft.  abora 
lerel. 


RioifrM, 


Four  considerable  riTera,  the  Wairau,    Awatere,  Clarence,  and  Conway,  nss 
towards  the  western  boundary  of  the  district;  the  two  former,  running  eaft 
north,  fall    ir^to    Cook   Slmit  j    the   two    latter,  taking  a   aouthfrly    and    eaatr 
course,  discharge   into   ihe   tea  on   tbe  eastern    tide  of  the  Island.     Theec  ri» 
water   large  and   fertile  Tallejs^  but  none    can    be   enleri'd    by   vesi*eU  exce^pt 
Wairau,  which    is   navigable  for  small  s  Learn  era  for  about  twelve   milea   froip 
moaib, 

Tlie  Wairau  Plain,  containing  about  65^000  acres,  on  which  standi  Blenb 
the  capital  of  Marlborough,  is  the  principal  block  of  agricultuml  tand  within 
diatrict.  The  soil,  generallj  good,  i«,  on  the  lower  or  seaward  side  of  the  plain, 
exlreineij  fertile,  e*pedally  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Tuamarina,  Spring  t'ret-k^  and 
near  JBlenheim,  which  is  surrounded  by  numerous  ^rdens,  wiih  ncli  deep  uiuuld, 
and  well  sheltered  with  trees.  Ihe  average  yield  of  wheat  for  the  plain 
about  SO  bushels  per  acre  ;  of  oat*  and  barlpy,  35 ;  af  peas,  30  ;  and  of  potiit 
10  tons  per  acre-  H*>p8  have  been  succesftfully  grown  for  many  years  in  the  nei 
bourhood  of  the  town,  but,  owing  to  the  hi^b  price  of  labour,  the*r  culiivation 
not  extended.  The  plain,  traversed  in  all  directions  bv  good  macadnnus«tl  itiadi, 
and  dotted  ovfr  with  numerous  coD«fortahle  homeateads,  stjindtng  in  cUiinpa  of 
trees  amidst  well-cultivated  flelds,  has  already  an  ohl-world  appcftrance.  More  tliaa 
half  the  population  of  the  Marlborough  Land  Dii^trici — about  14,(XK.),  acmrdinf  io 
the  last  censui — is  centred  in  the  (own  of  Blenhrim  and  on  the  Waimu  Plain. 
Betides  this  plain  there  are  aeveral  thousand  acrt*  s  of  t-errace  flats  and  f  alloy  a 
Ihe  larger  riverni,  notably  at  Starborough^  on  (be  Lower  Awatere, 


m 


rj*klaa^l 


THE    MAEIiBOBOOaR    LAND    DISTlilCT. 


687 


k 


There  are  not  any  lakes  worthT  the  oftme.  The  largeit  it  Kapara  te  Han,  more 
fmrniliarlj  ktiown  rwi  Grasumere,  ■ituato  on  ih©  eoant  between  the  Awatere  Ri?er  and 
Ca|}«  Campbell.  It  is  about  tliree  miles  in  diatneter,  and  very  ulmllow,  being,  indeed, 
no  mnre  than  a  lagoon,  an  during;  a  drj  reason  there  it  liitte  or  no  water  in  it. 

Thpre  are  two  other  lakes  of  «niall  «ixe,  riz., — Lake  ElterwaCer»  four  milei 
•outb  of  Lakr  Gm«jiinerf^,  and  hnke  McRae,  situate  tn  the  open  eouQtrj  between 
the  Awatere  and  the  Clarence  Hirers. 

The  portion  of  Marlhorongh  north-we«t  of  tlie  Wairau  Eirer,  extending  to  the 
tHiundarr  of  the  Nelson  Land  ni(»triri,  and  tnciuding  the  coyntj  of  Sounds,  in  all 
ftbont  28f>,0r>0  acres,  was  oriKinally  covered  witli  den«e  forest.  In  the  Tallejs  and  on 
the  lower  hill-Klopes,  rimu,  kaliikatea,  nmtAi,  iotara,  miro,  and  tawa  were  the  principal 
forest- 1 rees.  The  higlier  portion  of  the  hills  and  steep  spura  are  clothed  with  the 
T&riou»  pperiee  and  variety  of  bireh  (bferh),  to  which  along  the  shores  of  the  Soiiods 
were  added  piikatea  and  kolipkohe,  the  liitter  tocally  called  redar. 

Since  186U  sawmilU  have  been  at  work  in  ?ariout  partd  of  the  district.  Thirty - 
five  milU  have  been  eret^^ted,  and  have  worked  for  longer  or  shorter  periods.  HaTe- 
lock,  on  the  Peloma  Soiinfl,  i*  at  pre»erii  tlie  hwidqnarteri  of  the  timber  trade. 

The  htlU  along  the  shores  of  the  8ound  will;,  for  many  years,  furniBh  bireb 
sleepers,  Tliere  are  other  timber*  left  in  places*  but  nowhere  sufficient  to  |tistify  the 
erection  of  a  null,  urtless  pukaiea  wood,  hitherto  neglected,  could  be  utiliied.  It  ti  a 
ligfvt^  (oiigh  timber,  well  »dapied  for  bii«l-building  and  for  packing- cases.  The 
quantity  of  pine  limber  remaining  in  tli<*  Kaituna  and  Onamalutu  Valleys  is  small, 
but  there  is  a  good  itypplj  of  hlrvh  and  other  wood,,  suitable  for  fencing  and  fire- 
wood.    Oii  theee  valleys  the  Wairau  Plain  is  mainly  flependent  for  timber* 

The  Felorus  Vulley,  wilh  its  fcrihtitaries  the  Walamarina,  Rai,  Ronga,  and 
Opouri  Yalleyfl,  still  contain  ahout  250,000,000  ft.  of  conTertiblo  timbcra,  eit'lusive 
of  the  birch,  of  which  there  is  a  large  amount  of  the  best  quahty  ^n  the  hills  and 
terraces.  The  Wairau^  Bleiili.eim»  and  o'her  dii^tricis  eitending  southwards  must 
depend  for  the  f^tture  on  thiii  soiiroe  fur  all  their  buildiug  material. 

In  the  neighbonrhood  of  Kaikoura,  aloitg  the  base  of  Mount  Pjrfle,  and  in  the 
Hapuku  V'alley,  there  is  another  fininli  blnck  of  forest  land  in  wliieh  three  small  saw- 
mill'* hare  been  freeied.  The  quantity  of  tiniher  suitable  for  etLwrnill  purposes  in  this 
bltiekis  very  limited,  but  it  will  furnuh  the  neighbouring  country  with  firewood  and 
fencing  for  many  years. 

L  Sait*  and  their   Utet, 

The  Wairau  Plain,  which  Is  the  principal  block  of  agrieuttural  land,  has  beea 
already  dealt  wilh.  I'he  semnd  ftgricultufnl  centre  is  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Kaikoura.  Tl>e  land  extending  along  tlie  base  of  Mount  FjfTe*  between  the  Kohai 
and  ifapuku  Kivern,  abiput  13, NX)  a^res  in  exient,  is  held  in  small  or  moderate-sized 
farms ;  the  soil  ts  good,  the  block  known  as  "  The  Swamp,^'  bitween  Mount  Fyfle 
audi  the  Peninsnhii,  being  parlicularly  rich.  In  the  Pclorus,  Kaituna,  and  Onanialutu 
Valleys,  and  in  ihe  Suumb,  si*lth'r^  following  in  the  wake  of  the  sawmills  have  already 
converted  much  of  the  hind  worked  over  into  grazing- farms.  The  land  ii  of  three 
descriptions — julhivinl  llatt,  terraces,  and  hili-siden.  On  the  flats  in  the  larger  valleys 
the  sod  IS  rich,  pro«lucmg  heavy  crops  of  outs,  peas,  beans,  and  ]>otatoes,  wherever  it 
haa  been  brought  into  cultivutiun.  The  terraee-latid  varies  muck  in  quality,  but 
tenerally  grows  go<id  grass,  as  do  alf«o  the  hilU  on  which  tawa  formerly  grew ;  the 
biroh  country  beiog  verv  barren.  On  the  tinnll  bush-farma  caitle-gnuiDg  is  the 
chief  pursuit,  there  being  18;7oO  head  in  tlte  tiistri^Tt. 


About  l,^80,0<»  acres  of  the  Marlhorjugh  Land  District  are  at.  present  devoted 
io  keeping  sheep.  The  leaseholds  in  the  nurthi^rn  parts  of  the  diitrict  contain  a 
large  extent  of  scrub  and  fern  covered  country,  now  producing  little  or  no  food  for 


he        I 

M 


638  NBW  2BAI»4in>  DTFIOlAXi  fBAB-BOaB. 

vhoep,    but  oftpahle  of  improT«inf  nt.      The  totiil  n  a  ruber  of   tbeep   depAttnrvi!  ia 
8l5,i>i0,  dilsrribtited  a«  foilowi  amonifst  the  counties  into  which  th»  Und  dtiinct  i« 
divided  t    Marlhoroueh    Count j,    472,508;     Sounds    Couiil7»    174,326;     EaiW^urm 
County,   1^8,2  6.     On  the  rmtuml  piMitur**  of  the  opi»n  «?ountrj  (i.erioo  t heep  tre 
kept  ihlmo^t  ezc'lu»ivelj,  the  land  rarrjini;  from  half  to  on«i  •h««p  per  acre.      In  the 
forest  iH>untrT,  on   sown  grmm^  the  land  k(*ep«  from  two  to  four  eroeat^red  theep 
per  acre.     Aloni;  the  ahoret  of  the  Sound«  large  areaa  of  bill  hurd  hare  been  taki 
up  on  k*)i«e,  and  are  now  beinjir  cleared  and  laid  down  in  gniM  etpreeely  for  keepii 
iheep,   but  generally  throunhout  the  forest  o<iunrry   the   holding*   are  email  or 
moderate  «ife  ;  heiiiee  thii  ii,  after  the  Wairau  Flaiii,  the  moat  populoua  poriioo  df 
the  dittriot. 

The  export  of  wool  during  last  year  shipped  via  Pidon  wu8,495  twfc*, 

Imiuttiriat, 

Qold'Uiinme,  haa  been  carried  on  for  eome  yeart,  prtndpally   at  Mahakipa 
Wabnmariim,  and  Wairau  Valley.     At  present  not  much  goUl  Js  being  obtain«Kl. 

One  dredge  U  at  work  in  (he  Wukatuiirina  Hirer,  but  the  two  al  Top  Vi 
tuspianded    operatione — the    returna    not    being    payable — and   one  of    tbem   waa 
removed  to  Arim^hair  Creek. 

Sereiiteen  ^awnulh  are  at  work  within  the  diatriH — two  at  Kaikoura^  aod  the 
othert  in  the  PeloruK,  Kaiiuna,  Onamalutu,  and  Wakanianna  Talleys,  and  in  t\ve 
Pelorui  and  Queen  Chitrlotte  Soundi^the  tolal  output  being  about  8,000,000 ft, 
emplOfiiiiB;  about  two  hundred  baud».  The  principal  one  ia  Meaara,  Browtilee  ami 
Co.'a,  in  the  Pelorua  Valley,  thmr  tramway  Ikying  »ome  fifteen  milei  long,  the  out- 
put laat  year  being  about  3,680,796  ft,  Mejiir«.  Brt>wnlee  and  Co.  bare  eisty  mett 
emploTt^d,  and  kf'ep  two  retaela  running  between  Havelock  and  Lytteltou. 

During  the  year  the  phormium  iiidu-ttrj  employed  eleven  nulla,  and  the  quantily 
of  fibre  shipped  was  2, 1 33  bate*  and  1,000  bttlea  tow,  by  direct  boat. 

There  are  three  flour- uiiils  at  work,  two  of  ihern  being  owned  by  Ifeeara. 
Redwood  Broe.  The  one  at  Spring  Creek  ia  a  complete  roller-mill,  driiren  by 
water-powpr,  and  can  turn  out  about  14  t^na  of  dour  in  twenty-four  hours.  It  ii 
electric  lighted,  and  the  sack- working  niaoliinery  is  driren  by  electric  motor*  The 
othec  two  milii  are  in  Blenheim  ;  one  is  worked  by  water-power  and  the  other  by 
iteam. 

There  is  a  dairy  factory  at  Spring  Creek  which  oontaina  all  tlie  lateal  Improve^ 
I     mentfli  tri  machinery. 

There  is  a  flrct'clata  cheese -factory  at  Tuamanna.  Last  season  64  tonf  were 
turned  out.  Th<<re  are  alao  ebeeae-factories  at  Eaikoura  nnd  Hmvelook.  Kjukours 
produced  126  toua  laal  aeaioii, 

P  Climate, 

MarUiorough  poaseaaea  an  excellent  t-linmte;  and  at  Blenheinj  it  ia  fine  weather 
nearly  all  the  yi*ar  round.     There  is  almost  a  total  abaence  of  the  boiaterous  winds 

I    thatao  frequentlj  Ti«it  Wellington, 

f  Tlie  original  tlistribiilHin  of   the  open  and    foreat  lands  was  entire) j    due  t^ 

climatic  cau<«e«.  At  Cape  Campbell,  one  of  tlie  barett  pUnee  in  the  diatrict,  tli# 
annual  rainfall  ia  only  tibout  24  in.  or  25  tn.j  in  the  Feloru*  Valley,  the  (-entre  of  th« 
foreat  countpy.it  ia  OTer  65  in.  Tliis  difference  between  the  climates  of  the  nortKr 
western  and  souih-eaeWrn  portiona  of  the  district  explains  why  the  iiriiflcial  piaatuiv* 
land,  when  compared  with  the  rialural  pA»ture»  aupporte  such  a  Urge  amount  t£ 
stock.  Winter  and  spring  are  the  wettest  aeaaona,  hence  the  drj  clitnate  is  not  itll'» 
fa^rourablo  for  agriLulture.  Wherever  the  soil  is  suitable,  erop»  sown  m  winter  aod 
harvested  in  farly  summer  can  be  aucccsptfullj^  grown.  £rerywhere  near  the  coaii 
thy  range  of  tertipemriire,  coritidering  the  latitude,  is  w^rj  small.  The  therinoine|«r 
seldom  falls  bflow  S^deg  ,  or  rist^a  abore  78  deg.  Along  the  nhnrea  of  theSoutidt  thf 
mildness  of  the  winter,  owing  to  the  curi^ua  distribution  of  Innd  and  water,  allowt 
iemoDi.  oraufEct,  na^aion- fruit,  figa,  and  other  sub^tropieal  fruits  to  be  grown  in 


THE    MAHLBOHOUOH    LAND    DISThlCT,  689 

^Tourab^e  «itufttioTie.  On  the  lower  billH  ftnd  tenrtio«i  of  the  forest  ooutilrjr  the 
cheat  nyt  (Cattan^a  vul^itri*}  grows  rapid  I  j,  and  commeneeB  to  bear  fruit  in  five  or 
•IX  years.  In  &U  parti  of  the  low  eouni  ry  the  common  English  fruif -treei — apple, 
plum,  pear,  chprry,  Ac. — jrield  Hbiiridanllj,  the  fruit,  owing  \^  the  ch'SirnefS  of  the 
mtmoBphere,  being  of  exc*?lleiit  quality,  In  thu  higli  country,  where  unow  falls 
OCCinsionally  during  winter,  red,  white,  and  black  currants  can  be  produced  in  such 
quantities  that  with  little  labour  they  might  be  made  an  article  of  export  to  the 
warmer  parts  of  Auatralia. 

The  chief  town,  Blenheim,  is  situate  on  the  Wairau  Fkin,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Opawa  and  Omaka  Rivers — a  third  nrert  tkie  Tuylor,  would  join  at  about  the  »«tne 
point  w^re  it  not  that  wh<*n  not  in  iood  it  ditiappearf  henealh  the  surface,  about 
three  miles  iouth  of  the  town,  Blenheim  has  been  termed  a  miniature  Chrisk'hurch, 
doubilesB  from  its  extreme  fintneas.  Considering  thie,  its  streets  are  not  to 
fltraight  and  wide  oa  they  should  be-  The  Governmpnt  Buildings,  wbiirh  comprise 
the  Post  and  Telegraph  Offices,  Lands  and  Suryey  Olliees,  Courtt  of  Justice,  &o,, 
form  a  handsome  edifice  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  which  is  well  planted  with 
{feciduouA  and  evergreen  trees.  It  ia  about  et|;liteen  miles  and  a  half  from  Picton  by 
r«i],  and  about  twelve  miles  from  the  sea  by  the  Opawa  River,  which  is  navigable  for 
small  steamers.  Blenheim  it  lit  by  frae,  and  is  supplied  with  water  principally  b? 
artefiian  welU.     The  population  is  8,350. 

The  next  town  in  importance  is  Pieton,  the  principal  port^  only  Sfty-three  miles 
by  eea  from  Well ingt oil  This  little  town,  both  in  position  and  appearance,  may  be 
«ftid  to  he  the  anlitbesis  of  Blenheim,  being  mo«t  picturesquely  situated  at  the  head 
of  Queen  Charlotte  Sound,  and  nestling  among  hills,  some  of  the  higher  ones  still 
densely  covered  with  birch  und  other  forest.  There  is  frequent  c^uMuunication 
with  Wellington  and  NeUon  by  steamers  averaging  500  toti#,  and  vcjisels  of  large 
siie  can  lie  at  the  wharf  at  low  water.  The  direct  exportation  of  frozen  meat 
from  Piolon  commenced  in  1892,  when  16,433  cftrcAses  were  shipped.  The 
Christ  church  Meat  Company  exported  from  Piclon  for  the  year  ended  31et  if  arch, 
1906,  mutton^  li,S80  careaaes,  and  lambs,  40,468  carcases.  Picton  possesses  a 
malting  establishment  al«o,  producing  for  export,  as  the  excellent  quality  of  the 
l>arlej  grown  on  the  Wairau  Plain  insures  a  ready  market.  A  snmll  quantity 
of  oysters,  mostly  procured  in  Queen  Chariot! e  Sound,  is  annually  exported  from 
Picton  J  with  culture  the  supply  might  be  almost  indefinitely  increased,  many 
of  the  sheltered  bavs  in  both  rounds  being  well  adapted  fur  the  purpose.  What 
it  now  being  done  along  the  Marlborough  coa»t  is  a  mere  trifle  compared  with  what 
might  be  accomplished  if  capital  and  knowledge  wfre  brought  to  bear  on  the  fishing 
industry.  Around  the  whole  CJiacst,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Conway  to  near  the 
French  Pass,  the  sea  aboLinds  in  fish.  Within  the  Sounds  and  amongst  the  islands  of 
Cook  Strait,  hapukii,  snapper,  moki,  barracoutft,  raturi,  kHhawai,  and  rock*cod  are 
extremely  plentiful.  Immense  shoals  of  the  eouthcm  herring  {Ciupea  tagajc)  and  of 
anohories  (EnpranlU  ifneratticholuM}  frequent  the  inlets  at  certain  seasorm  of  the 
year,  and  quantities  of  fresh  fish  are  export^  thence  to  various  places  withii>  the 
colony.  As  steamers  arrive  at  and  leave  Picton  aloioiit  daily,  fthipmients  can  be 
made  without  delay  to  all  parts.  Picton  poseesees  a  good  gravital  ion  water-»upply. 
Its  population  is  about  l^'KJO  persons, 

Hareloek,  situate  at  the  hend   of   Pelorus  Sound,  is^  as  has  been  already  stated^ 
the  present  headqurirti'rs  of  thti  tinih<^r  trade,  Messrs.  Brownlee  and  Co.*s  steam  saw* 
mill,  at  tl'ie  mouth  of  the  Pelorus  Rivt-r,  b»*tng  only  a  mile  or  so  from  the   town. 
Between  Piclon  and  Havelock  there  i»  a  mail-service  twice  a  week,  via  Cullensville, ^ 
on  the  MalrakipawaGoldfields.     The  population  of  Havelock  is  about  300  persons. 

The  Town  of  Kaikoura,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  built  on  a  raised  shingle^ 
beach,  is  situate  at  Kwikoura  Peninsula,  near  the  southern  boundary  of  the  diitnct. 
The  town,  with  t!ie  adjoining  iettlementof  small  farms,  forms  one  of  the  must  pic- 
ture«que  spots  in  New  Zealand,  lying  aa  it  does  under  the  Seaward  Eaikoura«,  or 
Looker-on  Mountains,  At  the  back  of  the  t^iwn  the  peninsula,  which  is  composed 
of  C ret aceo- Tertiary  limestone,  rises  abruptly  for  about  100ft.,  and  aibrdt  splendid 


690 


KEW   ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   V  EAR-BOOS. 


: 


•itei  for  dweUinghmitei.  Knikr^um  it  cM>nneete<i  with  Blentietm  bj  &  bi-wi^lly 
oottch  ^erriee,  l.h«*  dt»tance  hehig  ahoui  ninetj^Bve  miles.  There  U  Hlao  dinpol 
•teattier  0'>m  muni  option  with  Wellington  und  Ljttelbon*  The  poptilAtioii  of  the 
town  ii  about  bOil 

Soadg  and  Railvfagi, 

The  onlj  railwaj  ii  that  bei  ween  Pict-oii  and  S«ddon»  &  di«tAnee  of  ihiity-tlifBe 
mllei  and  a  half.  Three  Imins  rtin  dni^j  between  Picton  and  Bl<*tiheim«  about 
eighteen  n-iilpt,  and  tmiiM  twice  dftilv  on  lliree  dny^  in  the  week  and  othh^  diiily  on 
Ihe  ol-her  three  dnji  between  Blenheim  and  Seddon.  A  •uSttanttal  railway  and 
tnflld  bridge  orer  the  Awatere  Hirer,  coeting  £:f2,&CI0,  U  a  rerj  greiftt  boon  to  the 
dutrioL 

Th*>  Main  Norlh  Road  to  ffelion.dbtant  ierentT-eight  mile**  it  a  irood  oietallid 
road  nearlj  tlie  ifhott^  wnf.  It  rmti  up  the  Wninii  Valle?  from  Blenheim  for  about 
■ix  niileri,  croef^f^B  the  Wnirau  River  inro  (lie  Knit  una  Vallej,  which  it  followt  b« 
far  ta  HaTelock— mbout  tweniy 'eight  milet.  It  ihen  runa  up  the  Pelorua  and  Rai 
Vdileje,  and  futcendi  hy  eiuij  gradienU  to  the  Brown  Saddle,  where  it  erowea  the 
boundary  into  Nelfton,  An  excellent  coarh  serrice — prohabljr  the  beit  in  the  colon? 
^baa  been  eetahli«hed  for  e^jme  jeam,  the  coach  running  to  and  from  Nelaon  on 
attomate  days^  covering  the  di^iivnee  in  eleven  hours,  and  another  coacb  aerri^e 
twice  a  week  h&»  been  eAtablithed  between  Blenheim  and  HMTelock. 

The  Main  Souih  Boad,  ninniTig  over  the  Taylor  t*as»  into  the  Awatere  ValJay, 
•ijd  thronirh  the  Shirboroudh,  Fluibourne,  Kekonmgu,  ajid  other  properi tea,  con* 
necU  Blenheim  with  KHikoura  and  the  lomh,  and  t»  a  gmid  road  during  drj 
weather,  aU hough  tl  might  be  tnui-h  tniprored  in  places.  Since  the  a«*qui»itioii 
of  the  Starhoruiigh  Keiate  bj  ihe  Gnvenimt'nt  the  bulk  of  the  trafDe  m»w  K'oet 
via  the  Redwood  PaaiP,  a«  it  is  a  more  direH  ruule  to  the  town  of  S«*ddoii. 
The  portion  between  the  Clarence  Rirer^ — ^  over  which  a  finp  bridi^e  waa  built 
•ome  years  ago — and  the  lla|iukn  Hirer  runt  along  (he  co«»i  under  itorp  and 
ptciurepque  hillt  covered  with  fi>refft.  A  ro«id  to  the  south  of  Kaikoiir««,  berween 
the  KuhiftutiLra  and  Ciiownj  River-,  is  now  rtm^pleted  and  forms  pnrt  of  the  mviD 
Cheviot^Kaikourtt  R'^ad^  and,  beiiidlefl  its  great  uj^rfylneos  in  opening  up  Ihe  counti7 
throui£h  which  it  poj-^eft,  will  al«^o  betxnoo  a  fafourile  route  for  tourista,  as  la  mmny 
places  it  pai»j«ei  t!i  rough  moj»t  picitire^que  »*cenerj. 

A  (rood  road  hii*  beon  formed  up  the  Wuimn  Vnlley,  pas^lne  through  the  Bank- 
bouse,  Enna,  Lansdowne,  llilleradeu,  «nd  Birch-hiU  properties,  und  etumeciing 
with  Tophouse^  }u»t  oiit«ide  the  butindarv,  di^tunt  fiftv-six  miles  from  Blenlieim. 
At  T^iphoiiBe  there  Are  HH  hoiA  Hod  a  telegraph -station^  and  theuoe  w,  good  road  leods 
to  Belgro»e,  on  the  NeUon  RailMriij  line, 

A  coach  runs  twice  a  week  between  Blenheim  and  Waimu  Vallej — twenlj* 
Are  miiea — where  there  are  an  hotel,  a  post  and  telegraph  office,  and  one  or  two 
stores. 

There  is  also  a  good  cart-road  running  up  the  Awstore  Hirer — which  it  ctosms 
and  re^-rnsses  several  tiFues^aw  fur  us  Moleswurlh  Station,  sltout  seventy  miles  from 
Blenheim.     Between  these  points  there  U  a  weekly  coach  and  until  service. 

There  are  other  minor  roada  and  bridle-tracks  tkroughout  the  dIsUiel  too 
numerous  to  specify. 

Crown  Lands, 

The  area  of  Grown  lands  at  present  available  for  settlement  b  abonl  IHO.OOu 
acres,  but  of  this  area  12(",fKX*  acre*  are  of  rerj  poor  qiuilitjt  being  chiefly  t4i« 
SumoiitA  of  higin  rogeed  CMintry.  I'lie  balance  of  Mraihihle  area  lies  pritiCipHllj  io 
the  Felorus,  Kni,  unci  Witkanmrina  Tullrvs.  and  in  the  Sounds,  and  will  doublJosi 
be  readily  taken  up  when  thrown  open  for  selection. 


THB   NELSON   LAND    DISTRICT. 


691 


THB     NELSON     LAND    DISTRICT, 

W,  Q.  MUBBAT^  Cliief  SuFTejor 

Qtneral  Physical  Features. 

The  Nel»OQ  Land  District  coinpri»ea  the  nortli  and  north-weitem  portion  of  the 
Middle  fftkrid,  Uie  trailer  psrt  being  lii^li  and  mouTitninour,  mid  on  tb«  western 
and  tnlftnd  mniced  rorcred  «i'itli  den»e  rorett  to  th^  bu«li'liiigit,  at  from  4,0i^0ft, 
to  4.500  ft.  Cape  Farewell,  the  nortliernmott  point,  i»  situated  at  the  weatern 
entmnee  of  Cojk  Htrait,  ori  tbe  4011  tJi  side  of  wlik-li  lie  Qiilden  nr  lfai«iiicre  Bajr,  and 
Taaiiiitii  Buy,  mure  t'omt»ionlj  raHed  Blind  Buy.  The  former  derirea  »ts  name  from 
the  mawausre  of  a  bontS  arem  he\ondu\g  to  raAinan,  who  Tiitted  it  on  the  occasion  of 
bii»  dift^orerj  of  New  ZeHland  tn  ltH2,  Ai  tlie  hf^ad  of  tUo  littt-er,  which  Ima  a  depth 
of  tiftj'fMiir  mi  let  from  lU  eivtfHrice,  atandi^  tlie  Wwn  of  Nd^on,  From  Separation 
point,  on  the  western  tide  of  Ulind  Hay,  a  ranue  of  mtmnuiina  from  a.'KlSOft.  to 
4,^>00fl.  in  heii^tji  extends  «oiiirhwiird  1^  Mount  lifurcldjion.  It  consists  of  a 
granitie  form-^tioo,  with  shite,  lime^toT]©,  and  aaiHiaiono  beha.  From  Pelorua 
Sound,  on  the  east,  eommenfe»  anotJ»tr  ning**^*  pinion  of  which  is  serpentine, 
forming  a  mineral  heft  iiiimeliftielv  iniinh  of  Nelson  City.  It  reMche#  an  olc'ralion 
of  6,0l>ft  ,  and  run*  in  a  south-westerly  dir^rtinn  to  the  St.  Arnaud  Range,  ter- 
minatiriK  in  ttie  Speni^er  Mountains,  n  large  4>eivtml  niiis«  attaining  a  height  of 
8,'JO  '  ft.  abote  the  8#»n* level.  To  the  weatwuni  of  (he  SneMsep  Ranges  and  those  on 
tiie  further  -id«?of  Blind  Bay  are  the  Brtinner*  Lyell.  Marine,  and  Tasman  Mountains^ 
from  5,0'iOlt.  to  6.5tMT  ft.  in  height.  Stdl  further  we^twurd  along  the  coast  are  the 
Paparoa,  Buciiland  Peaks,  iiiid  Papnhana  Mimutaiiis,  about  4,5tHift.  at  their  highest 
point,  and  the  Whakamamma  Runge,  extending  from  Roi-ks  Point  to  Cape  FarewelL 
There  are  also  a  number  of  isolated  mouutain-nmsaes  here  and  there  through  the 
district. 

The  inland  9|>en««er  Moun tains  are  the  source  of  the  principal  rivera  of  the 
district  aouth  of  the  Buller  Rirer,  and  are  thus  described  by  the  lute  Sir  Juliue  too 
Haast :  *'  On  the  southern  »lope»  of  this  wild  alpine  slack  we  tind  (he  pruterpal  sourcea 
of  the  Grey,  or  Pohatnroaj  on  it*  north*ea-t  side  the  sources  of  the  Wairau ;  on  its 
eaatern  side  those  of  the  Acheron  and  Clarence ;  and  in  the  deep  receaeet  of  these 
tnrtw  dad  giant  a  tho*e  of  the  Waiau-ua,  or  Dillon  :  so  we  may  say  that,  with  the 
exceptmn  uf  the  TNk»tka  and  Aorere,  whirh  fall  into  Massacre  Buy,  the  Wangapeltt 
and  Motmrka^  which  run  into  Blind  Buy,  the  Karamm  nnd  amaller  streimSf  wliich 
reiudi  tlie  wea  on  the  west  coast  to  the  north  of  the  Buller  RiTer»  ail  ihe  rivers  of 
Any  aije  in  the  northern  part  of  this  island  take  their  rise  in  Uiif  tuagniBceot  chain.'* 

.fii'eert. 

The  Buller  Ki^er  (KawaTiri)  has  its  source  at  a  point  about  sixty  miles  south- 
west from  Nelson,  where  it  tlows  out  of  the  beautifnl  alpirte  lake  Rotoiti,  lying 
1,><00  ft.  shore  sea-lerel  at  the  foot  of  the  lofty  8l  Ariiaud  Range.  Ihis  river  breaka 
throiiirfh  (he  nia»sire  mountain  rlmini  of  the  interior  in  a  transverse  or  east4?rly 
direction,  forming,  where  it  receive*  no  tribuUrif*,  a  siiccesi^ion  of  mngnifict^nt 
nx'ky  gorges,  and,  after  a  eonriie  of  atxiut  one  huudred  miles,  tinnlly  discharges  tta 
Waters  into  the  Oiean  on  the  wrat  coaiit.  Tlte  Guwan  River,  a  triiHttary,  has  ite 
tource  in  •niithe'^exquitiit^'  lukcf  Hot4.»roa,  1^623  ft,  abuve  (^ea^lofel.  Other  tributariei 
of  the  Buller  are  the  Mftt^ikitJiki,  Matuia,  Owenj  Maiiri,  and  laangahua,  all  of 
which  take  their  rise  in  Ilia  snowy  rauife*. 

Lake*. 
The  lakea  of  the  district  are  nlpine  in  {?han»cter,  turrounded  by  grand  mountain  ^ 
And  bu«h  si<enery.     The  prmcipaj  are:    Ru(4>tti,  lying  ea«t,  and  Eotoroa  south  eaat| 
of  Mount  Murehieon  j    Matiri,  to  the  we*t  yf  Owen  Range,  9H0  ft.  above  the  tea. 

Pfaiae. 
The   Waimea   FUina,   near   Nelaon.   wifh    the    Lower  Hotiieka,  Riwaka,  and 
Tekaka  VaUey  lauds,  formerl  part  of  the  original  seltletnent  of  the   New  Zealand  J 
Company,  aud  are  occupied  moatly  by  ainali  aettlerv.     Inland    are  the  liratioieftij 


692 


nw    SBALAf^D    OFFICIAL    TBAR-1»00& 


PkiiiM,  1,100  ft.  abofe  tea-lerel,  and  the  HaniiA,  1,300(1.  These  are,  togeUi^r^ 
about  30,000  acrre  in  extent.  Tbej  mre  larrouneled  bj  high  mount&int  heanly 
tjiinberecl,  &nd  the  Iniid  is  of  onlj  eeoond-rate  qualitj.  On  the  we«t  cohjU  the 
level  liinde  are  Ikanmt.uii  Flain  and  Mawhera-iti,  and  Inangahua  YallejA^  iTing  on 
the  etslerii  diiuiiB  of  iht?  Paparoa  coa«tAl  range.  There  are  aleo  open  p^kiki  at 
Addi9on*§  Flat,  on  the  eouth  side  of  the  Buller,  and  low  awampj  land*  on  the  north 
tide  ;  northward  la  the  heavily  timbered  countrj  of  the  epeciAl  eettlement  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Karatnea 

Forett, 
The  area  ot  the  disinct  li  eBiimatpd  at  4,6S6,000  acres,  of  which  ih»  open 
land  under  2^000  ft.  m  altitude  ii,  approximuti^lj.  !^15,00()  acrt**;  the  aree  of  foreit 
land  under  2.000  ft.,  about  1,HB2,U00  acreA  ;  and  tlte  open  land  abovi*  that  altiiutiev 
about  681, i.KX>  ttcrt-a,  indudive  of  bare  mountain-summiia.  The  wooded  (Kiunify  u 
egiimated  at  3;200.00f>  aerea  i  of  this  area  probablj  about  9<MO0O  ocrea  is  acnib 
and  stunted  buih^  and  oF  the  remainder  tiol  700,00(J  acres  at  ihe  outside  would 
be  available  for  clearing.  The  timber  on  the  western  side  consists  of  red  and  white 
pine,^  matiii  ((»r  blark-piiie),  totara,  kaMaka  (or  cedar),  rata,  and  oectt»ional  silveh 
pine,  besides  black  aTid  red  birch  {Faffujf  fusca).  These  varietiee  are  also  foand, 
but  in  smaller  areii^^  on  the  eastern  side,  birch  preponderating.  A  large  atnount  of 
timber  is  uaed  in  the  mining;  industrj  for  props  and  planking,  and  throughottt  the 
districlfl  generallj  for  sht ogles,  fencing,  firewood,  sleepers,  Ae. 

AffrieuUuraL 
On  the  Wftimcfi  Plains  is  grow  j  excrlJent  barleT,  a  small  quantity  of  which  is 
exported.  Oats  and  chalf  are  *ent  in  large  quantities  to  the  West  Coast  and  else* 
where.  Hops  also  form  one  of  the  chipf  eiporte.  Wheat,  maize,  rye,  and  root- 
crops  of  tnost  rariclies  are  grown,  and  fruit  it  plentifuL  The  weekly  wage  of  a 
farm -labourer  is  £i  with  hoard ;  without  board  he  would  receive  7a.  a  day. 
Ploughmen  can  get  £1  to  £1  6«.  per  week  with  board  ;  without,  7i.  a  day. 

Pastoral. 
The  total  area  of  pastoral  lands  held  under  the  Crown  by  sixty  teoanta  on  the 
81st  Marchi  11^06,  amounted  to  237,^09  a^Tes.  As  the  agricultural  land  is  limited, 
settlers  are  turning  their  attention  to  the  timbered  mountAin-alopes  for  grazing 
purposes.  These,  when  the  timber  is  felled  and  burnt,  and  the  ground  sawn  with 
suiLahle  gruse,  will,  after  three  to  four  years,  cnrry  about  two  sheep  to  an  acre  oo 
fair  soil,  and  more  on  the  limestone  country.  The  cost  of  feUing  and  burning 
green  timber  in  from  159.  to  20fl.  p^r  acre  ;  cost  of  mixed  |raai-se«ds  and  sowing, 
about  15s.  per  acre  ;  and  a  good  palitig  fmice  on  ordinary  bush  lands  with  double 
No.  8  wires  at  top  and  bottom,  with  4  in.  palings  and  7  in.  posts  sunk  2  (t.  in  the 
ground,  c^n  be  erected  at  about  128.  per  chain. 

Mining. 

The  western  side  of  the  Nelson  District  was  a  terrn  ii^c^mtta  till  about  th* 
year  1863,  when  gold  was  first  discovered  in  large  q  nan  titles.  Miners  Mocked  in  al 
ftret  from  the  other  goldHelds  in  New  Zeiiland,  then  from  Australia,  California,  and 
other  parls  of  the  world,  until  in  IHHb  the  whole  coasl-Une  was  peopled  from  Bniken 
Rtver  in  the  nortli  to  Jackson's  Bay  in  the  south.  Mining,  at  first  oluigether 
alluvial,  developed  into  qnartR-reefing,  and  hydraulic-sluicing  of  Urge  areas.  The 
agriirultural  lands  about  tht;  Grey  and  Inangahua  wetr  taken  up  iind  cuitirated  ;  and, 
as  milling  became  a  more  settled  indusiry,  the  miners  occupied  and  tilled  the  non*^ 
auriferous  alluvml  O^ts  in  the  many  valleys  :  hence  at  the  present  time  a  number 
of  hoDiesteads  are  dcattered  throughout  the  district. 

Reeftoo  and  its  neighbourhood  formB  one  of  the  chief  quarts-mimng  distTioit  ill 
New  ZeiiUnd  ;  anH  tftc  Went  Coast,  including  Westland,  h*s  produced  a  rery  larg^ 
percentage  of  the  total  gejild  raised  in  the  colony.  The  oldest,  alluvial  field  it  at 
Collingwood.  Among  other  minerals  found  in  the  district  are:  silver,  copper, 
ehrome,   anttmony»    manganete,   and  \\nuitk.i\V«.      ILxtAwaive  deposiu  of  ooiti  ara 


THE   NBL60N    LAND    DlSTUtCT. 


693 


foiiDd  an  the  Weet  Coast,  witliin  the  aireaa  of  the  Gtej  And  Biiller  CoAlfieldi 
Beterree.  Coal  la  also  found  in  CollingwocMi^  in  Blind  B*j,  and  in  We«<t  Wanj^* 
nui  Inlet ;  and  tbere  are  iiumerouit  eomlier  area*  of  coal-twmricg  wtratft  ht*rp  and 
there  throughout  the  dittrict.  The  output  from  the  minei  at  wofk  witbin  the 
district  durinjf  the  yeiir  ending  SI  si  Decen(ber,  1905,  waa  &S6  i09  t-oni. 

The  properties  fornierlj  held  hy  the  Gbampton  and  the  Uiutwl  Copper-mining 
Compani©'*  some  twenfjr  five  yean  ago  are  n(>w  bmng  detfoJoped  by  the  5Iiiieriii 
Belt  Copper- mining  C  impanj  (Limiied)^  which  hm  tt«  Jieudquarlerji  at  Chriit- 
church.  The  area  hehi  coinprieee  sotne  thoii^tirtd  acres  on  the  mineral  belt,  and  Mea 
about  four  mil  Pi  m  a  direct  Uiie  from  the  City  of  Nehon,  but  tweuty-tix  niilei  by 
rail  and  road.  Tim  mineral  countrv  is  a  serpen  tin  mis  bi*lr,  from  half  a  mile  to  a  mile 
wide,  it  retching  from  D'UrFiUe  Uland  in  tlie  iiorllieawt  to  Tnphoiise  in  the  fonth- 
ite«t,  i>ri*r  a  lenuth  of  about  eighty  miUip  and  probahly  with  breaks  to  the  tonthern 
ef»d  of  Iht*  i«l»rid.  It  in  along  the  wrsttrn  edge  of  thii  bBlt  on  iho  company** 
grour»d  thai  the  mo«t  imporiuiit  oredeposita  are  found,  and  ihese  ectver  a  di»ranee 
of  about  four  niilee  <m  a  atraight  Hue,  with  poa*ibly  »mue  slight  brt-nlf  in  con- 
tinuity Tbe  dopnsits  are  praelifiilly  contaM  lodei  between  (he  BImiihI  ^Uieo 
and  lh«*  serpentines,  and  have  a  dip  of  ?&*'  westerly,  eoinridenl  with  that 
of  the  slate»  it  the  point  in  que&lion.  The  compftny  have  been  opening  old 
levele  and  driving  new  onee>  und  other wi-e  steadiily  propprcting  the  ground. 
Between  No.  2  a^vd  Ko.  5,  1B8  ft.,  good  ore  ha«  tie  en  obiaiued^  and  No,  7» 
ISOfi.  lower,  should  pracHonlly  prore  itn  c^nntinuity  downwards.  The  ores  «re 
maiaiTQ  sulpbidea  aiaaymir  up  tn  2fi  per  c**nt.  in  the  **  United,"  6  pt-r  cent,  with 
goo'i  gold  cofifenta  at  **  Moutit  Cland/*  44  i>er  cent,  bluck  ore  on  the  Burfafe, 
untouched  at  **  Mount  Claud  "  We»t,  3  per  cent,  with  gxxt  guld  at  the  '* Monster,*' 
grey  ore  and  mil  ire  cofipt^r  at  the  "^  Chftnipijn.'*  The  chief  drawback  it  b>td  roads, 
but  thin  is  being  remedied  by  the  Govi-rnment  The  company  is  pro«*eeding  Tery 
eauiiously,  and  as  soon  ws  it  is  Mfitisfled  that  the  ore-^uppUes  fully  justify  it  they 
will  probably  inDreaM  their  capital  and  erect  reduction  workt. 

Sdver-ore  haa  been  worked  iu  the  CollLngwL»od  district ;  and  at  Para  para,  in 
Blind  Bay,  there  are  wideaprcad  depo«it«  of  hasmatite  iron -ore,  combined  with  lime- 
etoiie  and  coal,  waitiog  only  for  capital  to  develop  them.  It  will  be  readily 
mthercd  from  the  ahoire  brief  deecription  that  mining  is  the  chief  indnatry  of  the 
Kelton  Ditftrict.  A  great  many  rirer  and  bench  dredging  clainii  have  been  taken 
up,  and  in  many  tnstancet  a  large  nmount  haa  been  eipemied  in  the  purchase  and 
erection  of  dredges,  a<it!,  although  thia  industry  has  not  prored  quite  po  auccea«ful 
^M  aoticipated,  yet  a  large  number  of  dredgea  are  working  with  fair  reault«. 

Sawmillinfff  ^c. 

The  timber  induatry  in  thia  dial  rict  hae  now  become  an  important  trade.  There 
are  now  aiity-fi^e  sawm^U  working,  and  duriitg  the  pant  year  over  1*1,500,000 ft. 
of  various  kinds  of  limt»er,  principally  red  and  black  pine,  have  been  cut  m  tbii 
dislrict  for  export,  and  aiUer-pine  has  been  [ia.rge\j  in  demand  for  rail  way -fleep«n 
for  home  consumption. 

A  couaidemble  industry  in  pbormium  fibre  i»  alao  carried  on. 

Towns, 
The  chief  town  ia  NeWn,  iituated  at  (he  head  of  Blind  Bay,  in  ^l**  16'  8.» 
and  surrtiundt-d  on  all  aidea,  eicept  the  north,  hy  mounlaina  reaching  an  eleva* 
tion  of  3,500  ft.  The  pnpulatiun  b  ahnut  8,2l>U  Witli  a  mean  temperaiure 
of  ab'Ut  6S°  Falir  it  possefttea  a  climaie  almost  unequalled  for  its  beneficial 
elTects  on  iuTalids  suiTering  from  pulmonnry  di8ea«<e8*  Tlicn^  are  many  pictun>#qu« 
spots  in  the  suburb*,  and  the  city  itself,  with  its  cleanly* looking  huildingB  and 
well -kept  gardt-nei,  is  one  of  the  most  charming  ^poia  in  New  Zealand.  There 
ia  an  old-e«labli»hed  Boys'  College,  a  Girls*  College,  and  a  School  of  Mu*ic, 
betidea  Government  and  other  sclioola.  The  Buya'  Cullfge  wa»  destroyed 
fire  during  1904,  but  haa  been  rebuilt.  The  Anglican  FroCattioc* 
on  the  summit  of  a  centra]  hill,  memorable  ai  being  the  sita  of 
erected  in  the  early  days  of  the  settlement  for  defence  &|g|ainat  an  «i 


6di 


NB^    ZEALAND   OFFIOlAIi   YEAK-BOOK. 


^ 
^ 


of  ili«   N«kivetr  !■  &  tlnkinff   feature.      The   Roman   C&lholic   CHttreh,  CdnTtnt^ 

ftnd  gcbool-buildiiigv  cuver  a  Urge  extrnt  of  ground.  There  is  alfto  mi  SU«ke,  a  tniAtl 
fiUiige  three  milef  from  KrUoo,  a  cenlnl  Catholic  Orpliannge,  lurrounded  by 
grouiidg  cjf  eoTiiidpmble  nrea.  1'hera  ia  a  good  cupijljr  of  ^xceUetit  water  from  a 
f^aerroir  in  the  liiltt  at  (lie  bark  of  ihe  town,  and  the  »tr««t«  are  wi*ll  lighted  mtH 
ga«.  Tlie  ipverul  Government  depurlittenU  are  faoniied  in  one  roamy  buildini^ 
eo?ituihing  a  \»r^«  li&ll  u»ed  for  Supreme  Court  •Utiiifj;!  and  other  pttbhc  purpotet. 
Tlie  pnin*ipiil  inHu*lrie«  are  repro-ented  by  iron  foundries,  fnut  prrirrving  and 
eaiiDing  woik»|  breneries,  biHicuit-r«ctorj|r,  coA<)ibu lining,  fawmilt*,  and  Nuh  aod 
door  fttc'lorita,  boot  lacloriei,  tnd  nmity  otlipr  •mull  worki.  Nelaon  baa  a  ifood 
inner  hurbour,  Fni*h>«ed  by  a  t»Btur}t1  boulEler^baiik  rimning  from  it*  entrance  to  tht 
bttiip  of  B!a(  kuvs  Blutt',  a  disiMn  e  iff  Mb<«iit  eiglit  inil(p#.  The  nverafie  riae  and  fall 
of  the  iidt)  ift  12  ft,  6  in.,  iind  nI  prrteut  la  ai|Nible  uf  adniiliii  g  veesela  up  to  1,200 
tona  with  a  dnnu^fki  uf  17  It.  (\iu.  'lit  ere  is  alao  gjod,  »afe  iLticliumge  in  tbo  road' 
•tend,  wliirb  ia  culiii  for  abuur  leu  montha  in  the  y»  an 

Wtlliariew  lo  admiiUng  trading  Mleaiur^r*  of  the  *' Mapourika  *'  claaa  at  all 
■tatet  of  the  tide,  find  home  alenniera  at  hi|;li  tide,  a  new  enlruncf  la  i  ow  i*\  tHJune 
of  conmiruciioii,  *hirh,  when  i«oinpteie»  will  give  15  ft*  depth  »«t  L,W  O  jj  T.,  and 
over  27  ft  at  high  wnter.  The  work  i»  making  rapid  and  aotiafucturj  pr^'greaa^  and 
ia  now  on  tlie  point  of  canipleiion. 

Nelion  i*  a  purt  of  call  for  the  Union  Steamahip  Companj'a  eoaatal  ateamen^ 
and  baa  a  anmh  local  £lleet  pljing  between  the  West  Coaat,  Blind  Baj^  Piciou, 
and  Wfllington.  The  t^wn  ia  reac-bed  from  the  eastward  bj  a  good  main  roid 
from  Marlborough.  A  rail waj  •  line  bHa  been  oonatrucied  up  cuunlrj  to  the 
Bouihward  fur  lortj  miles  lo  Ttidmor,  paaaing  through  the  fnruiing  Tillag««  of 
Stoke,  Richmond  (borouph),  Bright  water,  Wakefield,  Foihilh  Belgrote,  and  Kofiatu, 
croaaing  the  Motueka  River  by  means  of  a  coiubinrd  railwtijF  and  irnlHe  briiigr. 
The  line  ia  beirtg  exiemled  further  up  Ihe  To^imor  YMllev^  and  will  ultimntelj  pa*a 
into  the  Hope  and  Buller  Yiitleja  to  a  comnrction  with  the  Hue  n^'W  being  ~ 
tjnued  in  a  northerljr  direction  rroni  Reeft^u.  Leaving  for  tbe  Weat  Co«#t 
a  good  main  road;^  the  Im teller  start*  frouii  the  Kohatu  Station  on  one  of  Cod 
and  Co.'b  coiiche«f  and  proceeding  up  the  Yalh-ja  of  the  Motupiko  and  Clarke, 
croasei  tbe  Hope  8addle  and  thence  down  the  Mope  Yallejr  tx>  ita  junctioo 
with  tbe  Buller,  about  aixtj-acTen  niilea  from  town.  He  then  ertjo.^a  a  »ucce»aioo 
of  vtewa  of  mount ain  gorge  acenerj,  and,  after  trareraing  a  gorge  of  aerenteen  milet 
in  length,  arrives  at  the  Ljell,  107  mtleg  Tfoui  hit  etarting- point.  This  ia  an  alpine 
township,  in  a  anmll  quarti-mining  mnuhbourhood.  liere  ia  a  fine  lattice-girder 
bridge,  apanning  a  roi-kj  gor^e  of  the  Bullrr,  and  springing  bohilj  from  a  bluff  on 
the  northern  side.  It  ia  abotit  347  ft  long,  two  of  the  iipana  being  108  ft,  and  168  ft 
reapectivelj.  The  rirftdwa^  i»  1<XI  ft.  above  the  river-bed.  At  116  miles  the  junction 
of  the  Inangaliua  with  the  Buller  ia  reached^  the  main  ro*d  continuing  to  ReefV^n, 
with  a  branch  road  tweuty-eight  mile»  lo  Weptport»  «hich  for  twehe  milca  paiaet 
tbrotjeh  aonie  of  the  irandest  ri? er-gorge  acenery  in  New  Zealand. 

Motueka,  a  thriving  to*n  i-itnute  near  the  muuth  of  tlic  Motueka  River,  baa 
a  popuUtirm  of  about  1,100.  li  iii  the  centre  of  a  conaid^prnble  agricuhtiral  and 
fruit  growing  diatrici, iiud  haa  two  bucon-faciories,  fruit  pulping  and  canning  worka^ 
and  dtiirf  factor  v. 

M'e<itport,  the  town  nexl^  in  importance  to  Nelaon,  is  situated  at  tbe  motiib 
of  the  Huller  River,  and  ha^  a  population  of  nearly  4,000.  Tlie  harbour  ii 
aheltered  from  aoutherlj  galea  by  Ca|5e  Foul  wind  and  ita  outlying  ro(?ka,  and  i« 
atH^esaible  in  neurly  all  weaibera.  A  large  aum  has  been  spent  on  a  ayelem  of 
h arbour* wi>rika,  designed  by  the  tale  Sir  John  Coode.  Weatport  ia  the  place 
of  shipment  for  the  coal  minea  lying  northward  aa  far  a*  the  Mokihinui 
Bifer.  Tbe  character  of  this  cnal  for  eteam  purposea  at&nda  unrivalled.  The 
long  line  of  conl-ataitha  itnd  whur^ea  on  the  northern  bank  of  the  river,  with  a 
fleet  of  aleain-colliera  loading  alot»g»ide,  doea  not  fail  at  once  to  impreas  a  visitor 
with  a  aen«e  of  the  import-ance  of  the  trade.  Though  much  has  ulready  been 
done,  yet  the  industry,  from  the  extent  of  the  coal-beanng  atntta,  is  capable  of  much 
larger   exptanaion    when  the   necesaary  capita]    can    be    found.       The    Weatport^ 


r 


^ 


THB    NBL80H    LAND   DISTRICT.  695 

Moktbtn^ii  Rutlvraj  eonnecta  mih  tlie  minei  and  conveji  the  oofti  to  the  port. 
At  tii#  foot  of  tUe  Mount  Rocl*fi»n  pliiti-sti,  tiine  miles  from  We*tport^  i«  Wmi- 
manga i^»tt.  and  on  the  Mlatrau  itself  id  Denniptaii — both  cuAl'miiitti)^  fillagea.  Th« 
lalier^  buiU  at  an  elerntiim  of  1,050  ft.,  ii  »aid  to  b«  ihi;  hij^heat  toviielnp  in  New 
Zealand.  On  a  dear  daj  ii  i»  weil  wortli  a  Tiiit,  for  the  iake  of  enjojing  th« 
magriigeent  pfinorarfik*  Tt(*w  of  llie  •outh«rn  Alp*,  which  reach  their  htgheat  |K>iiit 
in  Mount  drnk,  1^,340  ft,  high^  about  KM}  ruilea  Aouih.  South  of  We*rport  ftra 
the  altuvial  jfold  mini rii!  (^rnlrv'tof  Aridiaon'^a  Flat,  .Sine-mile  Beach,  and  Cliarleaton. 

A  n***  hnti  o(  rait  WW  J  liim  recemlj  bern  comme^tced  between  Wetitport  and 
Inangiihua.  Wlien  f»orri|>leted  it  will  join  at  tUe  hitler  point  wiLh  line*  to  KeUon 
in  tlie  nortlii  and  Or^-Jlnollt]|^  H  kililiit^  Atid  Ros4  in  I  be  soulh  ;  and«  07cntuMH^,, 
hf  lucjtii*  of  the  Midhmd  Rulwuv^  with  Christcliurch*  Tfuu  tW  vatuablti  and 
important,  coal-beaiirig  areot  near  Wejstport  wiJl  be  connected  with  the  Middle 
letand   railwaj  pjsteni. 

From  tha  Inangahna  Junrtion  the  main  road  continues  touthward  through  the 
Inanf^ahua  ValleT,  passing  through  cnltivated  Unds,  which  are  Wing  eradu>«lljr  woo  1 
from  the  heavy  ttush,  and  at  a  diatunce  of  136  miles  from  I^etson  reaches  the  towD- 
ahip  of  Reef  ton.  Hrre,  aa  at  We»tfjort,are  good  hotels,  and,  as  in  ervrj  one  of  the 
larg**r  coant  ttiwns,  a  hospital  rec?eiTi»i|r  a  OoTernnmtit  grant*in-iiid*  This  town  waa 
tlie  flrat  in  New  Zealand  to  be  lighted  bj  elect rieitj.  Bj  n  branch  line  ieafiii^ 
the  Midlund  RaiIwiit  at  Stillwater,  Reef  ton  is  connected  by  rail  with  Grey*  | 
monih.  whence  it  is  for  the  most  part  supplied.  The  continuation  of  the  lin^ 
down  the  InHUL^Hhim  Vnlley  is  hemg  carried  on  at  pre#enL  About  two  milea 
inland  from  Rett  ft  on  it  liliu;k's  Point  nttntnn;  township,  with  sere  raj  ba(ierie«  at 
work  in  and  about  tlie  plare, a  ri^it  to  which  is  gen«*ni]lj  paid  by  tourists  wishing  to 
tee  «on»ething  of  the  gold  nMnini;  industry.  Other  small  mining  townships  are: 
Boat  m  an  *# ,  Vn  pi  e«t  on ,  an  d  A  nt  o  1 1  io*s. 

L**aTin|ir  Keefton  by  rail,  and  pusaing  into  the  Qrey  Yalley  through  a  short 
tunnel^  and  by  a  bridge  oror  the  Grey  KiitiTi  I'otara  Flat  is  reached,  nineteen  mi  let 
dist^int.  This  brings  ns  into  the  We^tland  Ihi^trJL't,  to  the  description  of  which 
reference  should  be  made  tor  the  journey  lo  GrcTmouth. 

Moads,  Tracktt  ^e. 

Situate  on  the  coasf,  fif^y  miles  ikorth  of  We#tport,  is  the  Earamea  Special 
Settlement^  prinripall;  settled  from  the  Nelson  aud  Motneka  VHlley  districts.  Thii 
part  of  the  district  cantjiins  some  eicellent  but  hearily  timbernd  lund.  and  is  reached 
from  Wt^iport  bj  a  road,  eonnectinf  with  the  Westpori-Mokiliinui  Railway  at 
tlie  Mokihinui  River.  There  ta  a  bridle-trark,  al*o,  eonnecimg  with  Collingwood 
and  Golden  Bay.  This  track  tiai's*^  along  the  coast  north wards»  thence  up  tlie 
Heaphj  Valley  \o  the  GouUnd  Downs,  and  down  the  Aorere  Vnlley  to  Golden  Bay, 
Here  again  is  ann^ther  conl- basin,  which  iii  now  heuig  worked  atid  eitiplnyment  g>ven 
In  upujir^t*  of  a  hnndred  fniners.  A  harbour  had  been  coH»ii»ntt*d  at  Piifioti^a 
Port,  in  whii'h  the  Puponga  ComI  Coin|jaiiy  has  eonstrncled  a  pier  304  ch«i«*i 
in  length  ;  this  compnny'^^  uulpiit  li^t  y^ar  exceeded  IfOtOOU  tons.  Another  coal- 
baain  exints  st  We»t  Wan^wnm  and  Pakawau. 

In  the  Aorere  Vailer,  of  whic}i  Colliitewciod  la  the  port,  aHutial  mining  is  still 
found  i'O  be  ^jajnbtet  and  tlie  eoiintry  contains  ^otne  Taiuable  timber  in  the  upper 
part  not  jet  lit tlif^ed^  Nineteen  ntiles  souih,  in  Gulden  Biiy»  lies  the  small  port  of 
Waitapu,  from  which  a  oonsiilenable  nmount  of  sawn  timber  is  exportpd  from  the 
Taka^a  Vallev  mills.  From  the  tn-ad  of  this  valley  the  main  road  is  carried  over  a 
pass  in  the  PikikimngM  Range,  3,4-7fi  ft.  hinh.  through  the  villnges  of  East  and  West 
Tukaka,  Rivinka,  Motueka,  and  Monlrre  to  the  town  of  Richmond,  eight  miles  from 
Ntlst-m.  Inland  are  a!«o  the  Tillages  of  Ngatimoti*  Do^edale,  Tadmor,  and  Shirry, 
•aeh  the  oentre  of  a  number  of  smatl  farms,  and  all  coisneeted  by  fairly  good  dray- 
roads. 

An  inland  road,  partly  bridle-track  and  partly  dray-road,  has  been  made  from 
Nelson  to  Canterbury,  by  way  of  Tophonse,  VVairui  Qurge,  Tarndale,  Cliiivnce 
Vallry,  Ji^lhi^'t  Pass,  and  the  Ifanmer  Plains.  Here  Uiero  are  hot  mineral  spriugi, 
much  f iailed  by  persons  suffering  from  rheumatism  and  skin^diseases. 


696 


NEW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAR-600E, 


Crowm  Land*, 
About  3,(K^»WK)  acre*  of  Crown  l*nd«  ftill  remnin  unoccupied  in  tb©  northern 
part  of  Uie  Nel§on  I>i#lnct;  tlicy  oori«i«t  pntu-jpnUT  of  liigh  bu#h  i^ountrj.  villi 
occnaioiial  patrbijn  of  good  rallej  Jand*^  the  grciater  purl  beinif  claAii«^  »•  *w<m^- 
oUm  land.  The  ar^a  open  for  ««lttf<tioM  to  dai(*  oompn«e«  l%hlb  mere*  of  turw 
?eT©d  tahdi,  ^nd  294-,752  iw^res  uniurreTi'd  1aiid«,  of  which  tbe  locatioDf  Diilutw  of 
coil,  &o.t  bare  been  brieflj  d«icnbed  in  the  forepfoing  p*ge«. 


THE  WESTLAND  LAND  DISTRICT. 

O.  J.  Roberts,  Chief  Surveyor. 


I 


Wf^jittand  DiBtrict  occupies  the  central  }X)rtion  of  the  west  am  w&tenbed 
he  Middle  lelanc],  joininjgf  Canterbury  on  the  eaat ;  ita  north  and  aouth  bouo. 
<Ianr«  with  NpIsoti  and  Otago  being  the  Pororari,  Otututu,  Grey,  and  Awania 
Rivers,  The  moan  length  is  250  iiiilos,  and  its  average  width  twentv-seven 
miles.  Tlici  aiva  is  G.750  Jtquare  miloe,  composed  for  the  most  part  of  the  great 
control  snow-clad  mountain^cbain  and  ita  outrunning  ranges,  intersected  by  narrow 
buab-ctad  valleys*  and  atibaiding  westward  into  undulating  platea^ux,  river  strathi, 
and  shelving  coaats. 

There  are  few  plaoes  *  f  historical  interest.  The  country  has  been  aparaety 
peopled  by  the  Maom  for  many  yoars  past,  and  they  have  left  numerous  traces  of 
their  occupation.  There  are  several  beautiful  allegorical  legends  connected  with 
their  aojoum  and  wanderings  in  various  parti^  of  the  district.  A  coincidence 
holds  with  regard  to  the  minerals  moat  precious  to  the  Maoris  and  Euro- 
pean!!!— viz.«  that  the  first  finds  of  greenstone  and  gold  were  made  tn  the  same 
locality— at  Puunatnu — ^and  that  each  in  its  time  induced  adventurers  to  dare 
l^e  unknown,  and  led  to  the  exploitation  of  various  bran^insular  routea,  for  there 
is  not  a  ftiingle  subalpine  pasa  through  the  main  range  that  was  not  known  and 
used  in  the  ancient  days  by  the  Maoria  They  passed  the  information  on  to  the 
whites,  who  have  subsequently  used  these  crossings.  The  Maoris  have  now  two  per* 
manent  settlements— at  Arahura  in  the  north,  and  Makawhio  in  the  south,  of  West- 
land.  They  have  adopted  Euro[iean  habita,  reside  in  comfortable  houses,  are 
well -educated,  orderly  citizens,  living  partly  on  the  rentals,  and  partly  by  the 
cultivation,  of  their  reserves.  The  greater  number  are  located  at  Arahura,  where 
they  have  the  advantage  of  church  and  school 

About  the  i_>erifxl  1H40  to  18^  the  seaboard  was  fairly  well  known  to  the 
whalers  and  eealcTs,  who  then  found  profitable  sport  along  the  coaat.  Casual 
explorers  and  others  afterwards  visited  the  region,  coming  by  sea  and  land,  mainly 
with  a  view  to  establishing  pastoral  settiementa ;  but  they  found  no  inducement 
to  remain.  The  disrovery  of  gold  in  18tJ4,  however,  led  to  an  enormous  influx 
of  miners,  who  flocked  in  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  in  a  short  time  there  waft 
an  estimat-ed  population  of  forty  thousand  young  and  hardy  men.  The  result 
of  their  search  w^  the  discovery  of  numerous  depoaits  of  gold»  and  as  a  con^quenee 
clearings  were  made,  town.^hip$t  built,,  harbours  improved,  roads,  bridges,  and 
traoks  constructi^.  Although  after  the  (ir»t  Hush  of  success  the  jK^pulation  has 
dwindled,  yet  year  by  year  the  country  bus  progressed.  Gold-mining  now  ia  con* 
ducted  on  more  scientific  princi piles,  with  the  attendant  establishment  of  extensive 
coal-mines,  Hax-niiEn  and  Hawmitls,  whilst  farms  now  occupy  the  straths  of  the 
rivers.  Telegraph-lines,  railways,  and  coach-road.*i  are  rapidly  overtaking  the 
narrow  bridle- trackH  which  extend  and  are  being  extended  all  over  the  district. 

VVe^tland  is  intensely  interesting  to  all  and  every  cloaa     To  the  geologial^  < 
in  the  striking  differenee  of  roik- texture,  every  variety  being  represented  and  ea«il_^ 
scanned  in  the  frequent  sections  laid  bare  in  the  ravines  bordering  the  differenli 
routes;    in  the  numerous  hot  springs,  which  here,  as  in  all  other  decply-er04 
ranges,   oose   forth  from  decomposing  sulphides  in  the   pre^ure-heated'  strata  j 
Aod  in  the  many  forms  of  ice-aetioi\  ^bl^k  have  left  record  of  past  and  preaeaM 
ffiao/atian. 


THB   WBSTLAND    hASV   DI8TBICT. 


697 


The  bobanist  will  be  interested  id  the  Tarieties  of  alpine  licheas,  mosjies,  grMsefl* 
f  flowers^  and  akrtibs  j  Ihe  dwnrftid  mountain  forest  and  flora,  with  the  tangle  of 
•tibftJpme  underbrush;  the  tree-dotted  openinga  in  the  valloy-bottonis  j  the 
beav^y  milling-timbers  of  the  lowlands,  with  their  wealth  of  paraai(ical  plantft, 
featoons  of  creepers,  and  close  undergrowth  ;  the  sedges  and  aquatic  plants  fringing 
the  takes,  streams,  and  lagoons  ;  and  the  varied  ferns,  from  the  giant  tree-fern 
near  the  coast  to  the  tiny  raoss-fern  on  the  high  Alps. 

The  naturalist  will  find  the  ornithology  quaint  and  beau tifnl— the  dimunttiTe 
rock- wren,  the  kea,  and  the  kakapo  on  the  ranges,  the  kiwi,  the  white  heron  of 
the  coastal  waters,  and  the  wild-fowl  of  the  streams  and  rivers,  with  hosts  of  in- 
tervening bird-life.  On  the  beaches  and  in  the  tidal  pools  of  the  south  ace  shells, 
vrhilst  rookeries  of  the  fur  and  other  waU  are  also  to  be  found. 

To  the  artist  this  land  presents  manifold  subjects  of  diversity  and  beauty. 
None  need  fail*  either  with  brush  or  lens,  to  carry  away  interesting  momentoes  of 
land^  and  sea-scapes  and  pieturevH  of  unique  interest,  pourtraying  the  surroundiugs 
of  the  gold -miner  and  the  settlers*  homes. 

For  the  mountaineer  this  is  an  endless  field  for  actirity.  He  may  make  hia 
ezoursion  short  or  far-reaching— cither  following  the  few  beaten  routes,  or  break- 
ing Dew  ground  and  climbing  th*?  virjzin  peaks. 

Tlie  settler  will  find  are-as  of  excellent  land  suitahl©  fo;  farming,  and  under 
the  present  land  laws,  by  industry  and  thrift  he  can  redeem  an  independency 
from  the  country  now  under  forest. 

The  miner  will  also  obtain  an  outlet  for  his  knowledge  in  the  mineral  belta 
which  traverse  the  mountains  right  through  and  contain  almost  all  known  metals. 
He  may  exploit  the  coal-bearing  regions,  or  try  for  gold  amongst  the  quartz  in 
the  ranges,  the  gold-bearing  gravels  of  the  terraces,  or  the  auriferous  sands  on 
tho  sea- beaches. 

The  saw  miller  has  a  great  extent  of  forest  lands  containing  quantities  of 
laleable  timbers,  which  oiify  await  working. 

Physical  Featurea^^MauTdiiins, 
The  main  range  (Southern  Alps),  which  is  the  dividing  elevation  or  back- 
bone of  the  South  Island,  constitutes  the  eastern  boundary  of  Westland  for  its 
entire  length.  This  mountain  system  is  Bnow^covered  almost  from  end  to  end, 
and  its  iee-clad  lofty  f^n-aks  uplift  from  the  snow  fields  which  cap  the  leas  abrupt 
elevations,  and  which  fill  the  immense  intervening  hollows  (w/i¥'*).  Subsidiary 
rangea,  varying  in  height,  radiate  chiefly  from  "  knota "  in  this  great  central 
ohaLU,  and  are  snow-coated  most  of  the  year.  From  these  again,  ridges  covered 
with  dense  alpine  forests  destiend  steeply  into  the  valleys  or  fall  abruptly  to  the 
level  of  the  inland  plateaux  of  the  littoral  country.  The  westward  facis  of  these 
spurs  at  one  time  formed  the  sea-wall.  From  the  sheets  of  ni'^t^-snow  alluded  to 
above,  numerous  glaciers,  with  feeders  from  the  lateral  ranges,  extend  down  the 
upper  main  valleys,  presenting  every  as^pect  of  ire-nction,  and  from  these  the  prin- 
cipal rivers  take  their  rise.  Parallel  with  the  central  mountain- mass,  and  linJtcd 
to  it  by  low  narrow  saddles  in  the  northern  districts,  are  isolated  mountains, 
varying  in  extent  and  height,  which  are  the  remnants  of  an  ancient  continuous 
granite  range  that  extended  along  the  old  coastline*  The  bold,  flat-topped 
Paparoa  Range,  lying  between  the  central  Grey  Valley  and  the  sea-coast,  is  another 
island  mountain.  With  the  exception  of  this  Paparoa  Range  and  a  few  outrunners 
of  the  central  chain,  the  whole  of  the  above-mentioned  areas  may,  from  a  settle- 
ment point  of  view  and  apart  from  mtnorab,  be  considered  barren  mountain 
waste's. 

Rivtrs* 
A  few  of  these  lead  from  the  foothilln,  and  are  of  small  volume ;  the  others 
are  snow-fed  streams  descending  from  the  central  range,  at  first  in  narrow  gorges 
amongst  the  mountains,  but  spreading  widely  on  reaching  the  seaboard  country. 
They  are  shallow  shingly  streams  in  wint«r,  but  swift  and  deep  in  summer.  In 
the  northern  district  all  the  larger  rivers  are  bridged  ;    and  southward*  ferries 


I  NBW    ZEALAHD  OFFICIAI*  TEAB-BOOE. 

ans  pla<?ed  on  ail  the  main  etreama,  which  from  the  melting' of  the  snow  »r©  pn/t 
ticAtly  unfordnble  frtiin  Septeoiber  to  January.  Under  th«  headings  of  "  Harfaoiirt 
and  iPorts!,"  po«^  &re  described  thoee  tid&l  rivers  which  are  available  for  over- 
■oa  ahipfiing. 

The  VVefvtland  rivers  and  their  feeijera,  flowing  with  great  speed  anu  voJtjme, 
and  being  frequent  and  constant*  could  easily  and  cheaply  be  harnessed  for  the 
aupply  of  electric  power  for  the  whole  of  the  South  Island 


Cfimatt, 

The  climate  ia  equable  and  temperate,  free  from  storms  and  fogs.     Immedi- 
ately after  bod  weather  the  cloudu  roll  Inland,  and  there  is  a  prevailing  clea 
of  aky,  without  wind.     Tb*?  rain-bearing  winds  are  mostly  from  the  nortb-i 
and  north-east.     The  southerly  winter  gales  usually  eoat  the  ranges  with 
which  however  rarely  falb  below  2,000  ft.     Westland  has  none  of  the  mug^  ] 
of  the  north,  nor  the  dry,  depressing*  dust-laden  winds  of  the  ea^L     Frost  Is  in^ 
frequent  and  slight  along  the  coast,  and  a  light  snowfall  has  only  reached  the 
seaboard  once  in  twenty  yesrs. 

The  rainfall  average*  112  in.  per  annum,  and  falls  for  the  most  part  at  night 
It  is  undaubtedly  heavy»  hut  docs  not  last,  as  it  is  very  thorough,  and  there  is  none 
ef  the  tong-eon  Lin  lied  drizzle  of  the  south,  from  which  the  adjacent  dividing-rangr 
eom filet oly  screens  the  West  Coast 

The  following  figures  exhibit  the  average  temperatui'e  for  the  past  few  years 
Mean  temperature  in  shade  in  summer,  55"  ;   in  winter,  48 '5*.     The  average  num- 
ber of  days  on  which  there  was  no  rainfall  is  200,     Old  residents  and  visitors  sUke 
esteem  rhe  chmate  of  Westland.  at  all  times  of  the  year,  to  be  most  healthy  and 
eojoy  ablet 

lakes. 

The  principal  are  Lakes  Christabel,  Hochstetter,  Ahaura,  Haopiri,  Brunncr. 
Poem  a,  Kanieri,  Muhinepna,  1  ant  he,  Hot  ok  mo,  Whabapo,  Mspourika,   Pannga, 
Uoeraki,  and  EUery,  with  Saltwater  and  Okarito  Lagoons.     These  and  a  consider- 
able number  of  smaller  ones  are  doited  over  the  district     All  vary  in  charact 
mountain  tarns ;    coastal  tidal  lagoons ;    shallow  reedy  sheets ;    deep  rooun 
girt  waters— all  are  more  or  less  forest-locked,  and  present  every  form  ot  laeusl 
beauty. 

Some  of  these  waters  are  fairly  deep,  and  sound  more  than  300  ft  below  tbr 
sea^teveL 

The  deej>er  lakes  oecnpy  the  basins  scooped  out  by  ancient  glaciers  that  have 
receded  ages  ago.  Some  again  are  Blowly  filling  up  with  the  shingle,  Ac,  poured 
into  them  by  the  mountain  rivers  and  streams,  whilst  others  arc  rising  very  slowly 
but  definitely;  and  a  few  are  only  remnants  of  very  extensive  sheets  oJ  water, 
as  the  high  marginal  lake- formed  terraces  prove. 

In  conjunction  with  their  effluents  these  lakes  form  valuable  waterways  for 
the  transfK>rt  of  timber  and  goods.  Eventually,  the  hulk  of  them  will  be  used 
lor  electiic- power  purposea 

The  pastoral  highlands  have  a  coating  ol  fine  moidd,  and  this  cootinuea  fairly 
l^ood  down  to  the  heavy*tinilier  line. 

Whore  these  lands  have  a  fall  or  a  porous  subsoil  they  proditce  a  fine  sward 
of  alpine  graa*ies,  which  are  yearly  increasing  the  cap  of  rich  humus  so  characteristic 
of  this  district.  TJie  lower  fianka  of  the  mountains  hold  a  thinner  and  less  fertile 
soil.  Although  these  and  the  lower  heights  are  somewhat  abrupt  and  unfitted 
for  cultivation,  yet  when  cleared  of  bosh  and  exposed  to  Ihe  sun  and  air  they  im* 
prove  rapidly,  and  will  eventually  become  good  sheep  country.  There  are  scat- 
tered areas  of  hilly  lands,  more  or  less  extensive,  which  are  of  limestone  forma- 
tion.  Although  unsuitable  for  agricultural  purposes,  they  are  coated  with  splendid 
grass-growing  soils.  These  limestone  areas  are  becoming  much  appreciated  by 
ihe  older  settlers,  who  are  usint^  the  Ui&e  to  fertilise  their  pastnrea   In  the  foiiQa>- 


ijder-  ^^ 

t1 


TRB    WESTLAND    CAND   DISTRICT. 


699 


k 


of  &oih  tbere  have  not  beciHt  as  in  alher  cotintnea,  cotinUosa  herds  of  an i mail 
depend  upon.     Only  the  bones  of  a  law  birds  and  rats  enrich  them — bence 
tlLeir  iMiucity  of  bone* producing  properttca- 

A  margin,  varying  in  width,  of  gentle  slopes  and  **  fans  **  frlngeA  the  baae  ot 
the  footbitls.  Here  tbe  ioil  is  a  rich  regutablo  mould  and  provea  most  productive 
when  properly  tilled.  ^ 

Stretcher  of  good  alluriura,  composed  for  the  mn»t  part  of  arable  free- working 
aoils,  border  the  rirers,  streams,  and  sea-coast.  Thc^ws  are  admirably  adapted 
lor  oftta  and  root-cropping. 

PasloTol  Lands. 

The  total  area  of  jnustoral  land  now  available  amounta  to  1,850,000  tkcrvB^ 
104,000  of  which  €onatitut«i  scattered  high  mountain  grass  districts;  the  balane«it 
1,746,000  acres,  being  the  ordinary  bush<clad  rountry,  much  of  whkh  la  quite 
inaccessible  to  stock.  All  over  the  coastal  lands,  along  the  slopes  of  the  lower 
hi  Its  and  in  the  bottoms  of  the  inland  valleys,  large  numbers  of  cattle  are  bred 
ftnd  fftttened  on  the  denae  undergrowth  of  the  forest.  The  tussock  herbage  of  the 
high  lands  above  the  timber-line  is  at  present  lying  waste.  In  the  past  one  or 
two  attempts  that  have  been  made  to  utilise  this  country  have  failed,  because 
the  sheep  were  left  there  to  brave  the  winter  enow-storms,  the  owners  having 
become  careless  owing  to  having  sucreasfully  winte^red  their  stock  in  previous 
mild  seaaons.  Sheep  may  be  AaMy  pastured  on  these  high  lands  for  eight  months 
in  the  year,  but  fcisd  must  be  provided  for  them  in  the  low  country  for  the  re- 
oaaining  four.  There  are  one  or  two  farmers  who  are  succcsafully  following  this 
method,  and  there  is  ample  scope  for  settlers  to  copy  their  example.  Hitlierto 
sufficient  attention  baa  not  been  paid  to  the  breed  of  sheep  most  suitable  for  these 
mountain  pastures. 

Some  of  the  richest  soil  in  WeJitland  is  on  the  middle  mountain -slopes,  and 
eventually,  when  these  have  been  cleared  of  the  scrubby  stunted  timber  and 
gnkssed,  stock  may  run  quite  safely  throughout  the  year. 

Paatortd  RunM  open  for  Selection  aa  on  lat  April,  19€6» 

There  are  fifty-seven  pastoral  runs  at  present  open  for  selection,  varying  in 
area  from  2,000  acres  to  45,000  acres,  the  annual  rentals  of  which  average  £1  per 
IpOOO  acres  for  a  term  of  ten  years.  Detailed  descriptions  of  each  run,  as  to 
locality  and  nature  of  country,  are  puhliAhed  in  the  Crown  Lands  Guide,  which 
mtkf  bo  obtained  at  any  Land  Oflfico  in  the  colony.  Any  further  desired  infor- 
mation  will  also  be  promptly  supplied  on  application  to  the  Comniissioner  of 
Grown  Lands  at  Hokitika. 

Agricuitural  Landt. 

The  agricultural  lands  comprise  some  219.400  acrea  of  forest  and  11,500  acres 
of  open  surface,  such  as  swamps,  grass-grown  river-beds,  and  fringcss,  &c.  The 
bulk  of  those  lands,  when  cleared  of  bush,  grow  root-crops— e« pec ially  tumipe, 
which  are  much  used  for  fattening  purposes.  The  even  and  moiftt  tem|>eraturd 
encourages  the  almost  uninterrupted  growth  of  gross  and  clover,  which  are  very 
luxuriant,  and  favour  stoek*raising.  Oats  are  also  grown  abundantly  for  local 
consumptioa,  and  for  the  most  part  are  out  intxi  chaff.  Year  by  year  the  iniporta 
of  potatoes^  fruits,  butter,  and  fat  stock  are  decreasing  owing  to  increased  local 
production* 

The  settlement  of  these  lands  is  progressing  remarkably,  and  farmera  are  now 
located  in  almost  every  valley  in  the  district.  These  pioneers  are  very  succeas- 
fal  in  the  main,  possess  comfortable  holdings,  and  evidence  further  progress  by 
the  importation  of  pedigree  stock  of  all  classes,  and  of  agricultural  machinery, 
and  by  the  establishment  of  dairy  factories  and  crcampries.  No  intending  settler 
could  do  better  than  make  an  inspection  of  those  farming  centres,  view  the  local 
methods*  of  reclaiming  the  country,  and  obtain  an  encouraging  object-lesson  ai 
to  the  future  from  tlie  prosperous  bomeateadfl  establiabed  by  the  efforts  of  our 
^arly  settlers. 


I 


* 


NEW   28ALAH0  OFPIOTAL  TBAB^BOOK 

The  whole  of  the  Westland  Difftnct  h  a  proclaimed  goldfleld.  Hence  befon 
deftling  with  any  portions  of  the  agricultural  lands  noted  above  for  aettlemvot 
piu-poaes  these  Tanous  areas  have  to  be  withdrawn  from  mming  operations.  This 
tB  done  from  time  to  time  as  settlement  demands,  after  duly  aafegxiardinj^  the 
mininfi^  and  aawmilHug  intercBtR  by  the  exclusion  of  all  known  auriferous  landt 
and  blocks  of  saleable  milling- timbers. 

Under  the  provision.';  of  the  Bush  and  Swamp  Drown  Lands  SctUetn^it  Act, 
special  facilities  are  afTorded  in  Westland  to  Heteetors  with  the  most  lim^ited  capital 
to  obtain  a  holding,  which  when  laid  down  in  gross  is  a  moderate  and  mffident 
independency. 

The  following  statement  exhibits  the  settlement  lands  open  for  aelectioiu 
as  on  the  1  at  April,  limth  — 
^^^^^  Unsurveyed    rural    landji,     under     the     Bush    and  Acree 

^^^^^L  Swamp  Crown  Lands  Settlement  Act  94,205 

^^^^^         Surveyed  rural  laiulii,  under   the    Bysh    and    Swamp 
^^^^  Crown  Lands  Settlement  Act     . .  7,747 

^V    Many  other  sj^as  in  diflerent  psjts  of  the  district  are  now  being  surveyed  into 
!  suitable  farming  allotments.     The  capital   values  of  these  lands  vary  from  5a. 

to  £1  per  acre.     They  ar<^  wholly  procurable  nn  tpaac  in  peqjetuity,  under  the  abov^^ 
I  mentioned  onaotment,  which  provides  that  after  the  payment  of  the  first  baJf- 

I  yearns  rent  no  further  rental  or  tax  of  any  dipscription  is  leviable  for  two,  thre*, 

and  four  years,  accordiug  to  the  nature  of  the  surface  or  bush, 
I  Intending  settlers  should  write  to  the  Comiiiissioner  of  Crown  Lands  at  Hoki- 

^_     tika,  and  all  possible  information  will  be  prom  fitly  forwarded  for  their  guidance. 

^H  ForeHs* 

^H  Generally  speaking  the  whole  of  the  district  is  covered  with  dense  forest 

^V    from  the  sea- beach  to  the  grass- j^rown  tops  of  the  high  ranges,  even  the  broken 

'  mountain-faces  being  wrap{>ed  with  foliage.     The  varieties  of  trees  diSer  conaidcv^ 

I  ably  according  to  soil  and  altitude.     Kamahi  and  rata  are  the  chief  timbers^very 

useful  for   firewood— and    being  spread    over   the  whole   district,    constitute  an 

almost  inexhaustible  supply.     Rimu  b  the  chief  milling-timber,  and  this  also  is 

I  widely  distributed  from  the  seaboard  to  the  interior  uplands.     Valuable  stretches 

I  of  white-pine  belt  the  low-lying  coastal  land^,  and  the  same  may  be  remarkt^i 

concerning   the  imperishable  silver- pine.     Clumps  of   black-pine   are   met   with^ 

also  rarer  patches  of  totara,  while  cedars  are  scattered  along  the  tlanks  of  the  in* 

land  ranges  and  all  over  the  lower  lulls  and  plateaux.     The  approximate  area 

of  forest  is  over  2/250^000  acres,  of  which  a  fair  proportion  carries  timber  fit  for 

the  sawmill^  the   remainder    being    mainly   (irewood    and    mining    timbers   and 

dwarft?d  alpine  bush. 

.^Tbe  sawmilling  industry  has  advanced  considerably  during  I90ij»  With  the 
contemplated  early  extension  of  existing  railway-lines  and  main  roads,  and  the 
improvements  of  southern  harbours  and  waterways,  it  will  undoubtedly  std! 
further  progress,  Westland  is  well  fitted  for  an  expansion  of  this  industry,  as  the 
forests  extend  over  the  whole  district.  Coal  is  located  in  many  places,  whilst  the 
power  derivable  from  the  rivers  and  streams,  either  direct  or  by  electricity,  is  prac* 
tically  unlimited.  The  isolation  of  the  district,  limited  means  of  transport,  and 
want  of  good  harbours  at  present  act  against  the  utilisation  of  the  areas  of  market- 
able timber  south  of  Ross  ;  btit  this  is  only  a  temporary  ohstruction«  and  ere  long 
means  will  be  adopted  to  cope  with  these  difficulties* 

The  sawmills  at  present  in  operation  (save  three  smaller  ones)  are  located 
north  of  the  Hokilika  River— that  is,  in  proximity  to  the  running  railway-hncs^ 
The  millers  are  gradually  eKtonding  their  operations  into  the  back  country  of  the 
northern  district,  whence  the  haulage  to  the  railways  and  ports  is  conducted  by 
means  of  light  railways,  tramways,  traction-engines,  and  water-carriage,  via  lakes 
and  streams.  Red- pine  is  the  timber  principally  cut  by  the  mills,  and  is  accounted 
of  very  fine  c]uality  ;    but  large  quimtities  of  white*pine  have  also  be<?n  milled 


4 


^ 


I 


THR   WBBTLAND   LAND    DISTRICT. 


701 


during  the  reason  and  exported  to  Australia  for  butter- boios.  A  few  of  the  small 
mdis  cut  si!¥er-i>ino  raitwiiy  aieeperR  only.  A  oertain  quaTitity  of  tot&ro,  black- 
birch,  black-pine,  &c.,  hfts  also  l>een  utilised,  but  not  in  large  quantitiea,  A  few 
mills  are  run  by  water-powerp  but  the  bulk  of  them  use  steam. 

The  appended  summary  shows  the  present  position  of  the  industry  in  West- 


KumUerof   Number 
MiilB.  Hands. 


51 


634 


Horse- 
ftower, 

924 


Cuttings 
capacity. 
B^I^er>  ft. 

9oaeo.ooo 


Outpat  for  Ihe  Ve 


White  pine      \ 
Silver  piuo 
Red  pino,  (S;cJ 


Super,  ft. 


40,549,300 


I  It  is  estimated  that  quite  nine  hundred  handa  are  employed  either  about  the 

I       mills  or  in  cutting  firewood,  fencing-poatH,  railway-sleepers,  bridge  piles  and  braces, 
I      -telegraph-poles,  and  blocks  for  houses  ;   while  many  are  wholly  engaged  in  furnish- 
f       ing  the  props,  si  nice- blocks,  and  other  timbors  required  for  the  coal  and  gold  mines. 
From  a  settlement  point  of  view  alone  tlieao  lumberers  and  their  families  are 
ooa^umers  of  all  kinds  of  farm* prod uce,  and  are  thu«  local  markets  for  the  farmers, 

Ftax-mitiing. 

Every  ayailable  strip  of  flax  in  this  district  has  been  taken  up*  Eleven  flax- 
mills  are  now  in  full  working-order,  locat-ed  all  over  the  coast.  The  output  of  tibn; 
liiui  not  boen  large,  as  most  of  the  mills  have  only  recently  commenced  operations. 
The  industry,  by  the  employment  given  and  the  consumption  of  local  produce^ 
further  tends  to  the  settlement  of  the  country. 

Means  of  CQmmuniceUion, 

Steamtr  j^c^e^^.—Hokitika  and  Grey  mouth  are  the  principal  shipping  centres, 
and  steamers  of  various  lines  trade  daily  between  the  latter  port  and  the  other  ports 
of  the  colony,  A  subsidised  steamer  runs  between  Hokitika,  Okarito,  and  the 
sonthern  ports  as  far  as  Jackson's  Bay,  plying  every  two  or  thre>e  months,  thus  en- 
abling miners  and  settlers  to  obtain  supplies  and  the  latter  to  ship  their  cattle 
tJid  produce  to  market.  The  Government  steamer  also  calls  at  Big,  Jackson's,  and 
Bruce  Bays  on  her  quarterly  trips  from  Dimedin  and  Bluflf.  Cargo-craft  of  vari- 
ous tonnage,  with  and  without  auxihary  steam-power*  likewise  make  periodical 
calls  at  Hokitika  and  Grey  mouth. 

RailivayB. — Hokitika  to  Grei/niouih  (24  mile.*)* — This  line,  with  the  exception  of 
a  loop  midway  to  connect  with  Kumara,  runs  parallel  to  and  only  a  short  distance 
from  the  ocean-beach.  Many  interesting  phases  of  old  and  modern  gold-workings 
are  passed  through  along  the  base  of  the  wooded  t-errace  which,  at  no  far-distant 
date,  formed  the  shore -line.  Sundry  siuall  farms  and  wayside  holdings  are  on  either 
hand*  and  lumbering  and  gold- mining  takes  place  on  the  plateaux  and  in  the  gullies 
for  miles  inland  all  the  way  through^  numerous  flag-stations  affording  termini  for 
this  Hiide  traffic. 

And  hereabouts,  as  elsewhere  in  Wcjjtland,  there  are  clusters  of  miners,  farmeia, 
and  wood-cutters,  whose  workings  and  clearings  lie  scattered  far  back  on  the  ter- 
races and  amongst  the  hollows  of  the  surrounding  forest,  of  whom  the  passing 
traveller  is  unaware. 

The  Une  is  being  extended  southward  to  Rosa,  and  ts  already  open  for  goods 
traffic  to  Ogilvie's,  a  distance  of  seven  miles. 

Oreymouth  to  Rtinanga  (5  miles). — This  short  line  eonnecta  with  the  State 
Coal-mine  in  the  vicinity  of  the  newly  established  Township  of  Runanga,  which 
lies  to  the  north-east  of  the  Port  of  Grey  mouth. 

Qrcyinouih  to  Retfton  (4G  miles]. — Thb  railway  taps  the  central  and  lower 

valley  of   the  Grey  River^  via    Brunnerton,  Stillwater,  Ngahece,  and  Ahaura,  as 

well  as  ux  minor  stations  within  the  Weatland   Distriot.      A   great   tonnage  of 

-coal  from  the  Bninner»  Tyneaide,  and  BlaokbaU  mines,  large  quantities  of  timher 


I 


702  NISW    SBAI4A19D   O^OIAL   TBAK^BOOS. 


from  the  numeroua  fiawmHU,  gold-Daming  m&teriftl,  gpreen  flax,  farming  produce. 
itock.  And  j(oods,  bctwdes  a  large  iinmb«ir  of  passengers,  are  railed  along  thh  Itoew 
A  further  Rection  (Reef ton  to  Inangahua  Junction)  is  in  cotirso  of  coostmctioa. 

Grttjmouth  to  Oiira.^  This  line  branches  from  the  Reef  ton  line  at  SttUnatec, 
and  proceeds  up  the  Arnold  Valley,  via  Lake  Bninner  and  Taramakau  Vallej^  1o 
OtifA  {42  miles  from  Stillwater  and  61  from  Greymoutb).  Large  quantitiei  of 
t)R)ber  are  brought  down  this  section  from  the  numerous  sawmills  that  are  estab* 
lis  bed  alongside  of  the  line.  Stock  and  produce  al»o  swell  the  amount  of  traffio, 
and  there  \n  also  a  considerable  and  increaaioff  number  of  passengers  traretling  to 
and  from  Chri'itchurch  by  the  07cr!and  coach*  which  cofinecta  the  proMnt  ter 
mini  of  the  railways  at  Otira  and  Springfield. 

The  railways  in  course  of  construction  in  connection  with  tho  Weslland  eynteio 
include  the  extension  of  the  Grey  mouth --Reef  ton  Section  down  the  valley  of  the 
Inangahua  River  (20  miles)  to  the  Biiller  Valley,  s  very  convenient  and  pronikifig 
lintv  There  is  also  the  iink  (43  miles)  between  the  Otira  tcrminuH  and  the  iMxkl 
now  progressing  up  the  WaimakariH  Valley  to  complete  commtinication  betvecQ 
the  east  and  west  coast  This  includes  tho  contemplated  tunnel  at  Arthuf't 
Pass  through  the  main  range  between  the  Olira  and  Bealey  valleys.  The  extea- 
sioD  of  the  Greymouth-Rokitika  line  to  Ko«s(10  miles)  is  hkewiae  in  progress, 
and  its  completion  will  render  an  immense  area  of  miUing*timber  aTailabie^  wtQ 
revive  the  mining  industry  by  the  economical  carriage  of  material  and  coal*  Mid 
enable  large  numbers  of  fat  ntock  to  be  railed  to  the  northern  marketa. 

Moods. — An  arterial  road  extends  throughout  VVestlaod  from  the  Upper  Gnj 
valley,  iHa  Ahaiira,  Greymouth,  Kumara,  Hokitika,  Ross,  and  Okarito*  down  to  thi 
Haast  River,  and  thence  partly  by  sca-bcoch  and  rough  tracks  almost  to  Big  Bay, 
on  the  conHnes  of  Otsgo.  This  thoroughfare  is  fit  for  vehicle  traffic  down  to  the 
Waiho,  but  wuthward  of  that  river  it  is  merely  a  horse- track.  The  rivers  in  the 
northern  district,  as  far  as  the  Waitaba,  are  all  bridged  ;  below  that  point  ferries 
are  placed  on  all  the  large  streams,  so  that  access  is  safe  and  uninten  opted  riffht 
through,  via  Haait  Pass,  to  Olaga 

Throe  roads  only  have  been  made  across  the  idand  leaomg  out  of  Westland. 
One,  a  coach *road,  runs  from  Uokitika  via  Kumara  to  Christchurch.  The  othefi 
are  bridle-roads,  one  of  which,  present  is  out  of  repair  and  impaswble,  leads  up 
the  Ahanra  Valley  via  the  Amuri  Pass  into  North  Canterbury,  and  the  other.  Id 
good  order,  proceeds  from  tho  sea-coast  up  the  Haast  Valley  via  tke  Makarora 
River  to  Pembroke  in  Otago 

Numerous  short  dray-roads  and  horse- tracks  branch  from  these  trunk  lines 
to  the  variouE)  mining  and  settlement  centres,  while  the  sea-beaeh  and  open  shingle 
river-beds  likeiKise  give  access  to  the  adjai^ent  country*  Sundry  dips  and  ccU^ 
varying  from  1,800  ft.  to  over  7,000  ft  in  height,  leading  across  the  Southern  Alpa 
bav«  been  explored  and  mapped,  and  during  the  summer  months  are  repeatedly 
QKMsed  by  cxf>crience<l  mountaineers.  Of  these  depressions  the  only  subalpilia 
saddle  is  Haast  Pass,  all  the  others  being  liable  to  blocks  by  winter  snow 

Four  rough  foot-tracks,  blazed  through  the  bush  and  partly  lienehcd,  p» 
across  into  Canterbury,  as  follows:  (1}  'o  Arahura  and  Browninga  Rivera  ovtt 
Browning's  Pas?*  into  the  Wilberforce  Valley  ;  (2)  via  Hokitika  River  over  Mathiaa 
Pass  into  Matljias  Valley  ;  (3)  via  Whitcombe  River,  over  Whitcorabc*B  Pasa  into 
Bakaia  Valley  ;  and  (4)  via  Copland  Eiver,  over  the  main  divide  to  the  Hermitage 
in  the  Tasman  Valley. 

As  a  whole  our  roads  are  smooth  and  level,  and,  passing  through  rookv  and 
gravelly  districts,  are  free  from  mud  and  dust 

Coa^k  rrdj^c.^Coaehea  three  times  a  week  connect  with  Canterbury  rra 
Arthur's  Pass,  and  also  ply  daily  between  Ro«3.  Hokitika,  Kumara,  Creymowth. 
and  the  neiffbbouring  towns.  Once  a  week  a  mail  is  despatched  by  coach  to 
Okarito  and  thence  conveyed  on  horseback  southward  to  Paringa.  and  onoe  a  fori^ 
night  to  Jack»on*s  Bay. 

Tel^ffraph  Lines, — These  cirtcnd  alon^  all  the  tnmk  road-lines  in  the  north, 
with  numeroua  telephonic  connections  with  side  districts,  and  south  as  far  as 
Waiho  Gorge. 


THE   WBSTEiAHD  LA^D   DISTRICT,  fW 

Oretffnouth. — This  borough,  the  largest  town  in  Weatland,  containing  a  popu- 
tation  of  about  4,(K)0,  has  progressed  remarkably  during  the  last  f^w  years.  It 
ia  situated  on  the  aoiith  bank  of  the  Grey  River,  close  tn  its  pionth^  and  is  the 
main  sliippuig-port  for  northrra  Westland.  The  rising  township  of  Cobden, 
which  19  placed  on  the  north  bank  of  tha  Ctrey  River  immediately  abreast  of  Grey- 
rnoiilh,  to  which  it  ia  linked  by  a  fine  bridge,  may  be  considered  a  auhurb  of  the 
borough.  It  contains  a  population  of  about,  five*  hundred,  and  Is  prineipally 
occupied  by  the  reaidences  of  Greymouth  merchanta  and  tradesmen. 

Four  railwaydinoa  radiate  from  Gi-eymouth — to  the  State  coal-mines  at  Runa- 
nga,  to  Reefton,  to  Otira,  and  to  Hokitika;  extensions  of  the  three  last  men* 
tioned  lines  are  in  course  of  const nicti on.  The  town  poaseKflos  seTerat  very  fine 
buildijig«»  notably  the  handsome  new  Towti  Hall,  new  P oat-office,  the  Anglican  and 
Roman  Catholie  churches,  the  State  school  buildingH,  convent  strnctur©  and  school, 
Harbour  Board  buildings,  hospital,  and  many  other  substantial  edificca  The  prin- 
cipal street  facing  tie  port  has  been  almost  wholly  rebuilt  during  late  years  and  pre- 
sents a  fine  appearame,  while  the  numbcr»  of  comfortable  up-t'i-date  residences  give 
A  most  pleasing  aspect  to  thi;*  prosperous  place.  A  monutiicnt  in  honour  of  those 
who  fell  in  the  African  war  is  erected  in  a  central  position.  The  town  has  a  ielr 
phono  exchmgo,  a  gootl  public  library,  first-claea  sewer-syatem,  an  abundant 
hjgh«pre88ure  water-supply,  and  is  well  pavod  and  lighted,  tlio  water*works  and 
gasworks  belonging  to  the  corporation.  One  of  the  Goveniment  railway  vork- 
sbopa  U  located  here,  and  amongst  other  local  indnatrie^  are  a  foundry  and  engi- 
noering  establish  me  nt,  brewerica,  sawmills,  dairy  factory,  sash  and  door  factories, 
furniture- manufactories,  meat- preserving  works,  lime  and  cement  works,  coach - 
fftctone.%  &c-  Recreation-grounds  have  been  laid  out,  one  in  the  southern  suburb, 
and  the  other,  containing  a  pretty  racing  track  and  stand,  lies  almost  alongside 
the  main  town.  About  on©  mile  out  is  the  racecourse,  which  in  equipment  and 
sorroundings  is  esteemed  one  of  the  beat  in  the  colony. 

A  description  of  the  Port  of  Grey  mouth  will  be  found  posL 

HokiHkti.—Thlfi  town  is  sitnaU'd  at  the  north  mouth  of  the  Hokitika  nivrr, 
bordering  the  sea-beack  It  contains  a  population  of  about  2,250,  and  is 
mainly  dependent  on  the  adjacent  sawmills,  t!ax*mills,  farming  settlements, 
and  gold -mines,  A  considerable  trade  is  also  done  by  sea  with  the  miners  and 
settlers  in  south  Westland,  for  which  district  it  ia  the  shipping -port.  It  possesses 
coHTenient  structures,  such  as  a  drilUshed,  theatre,  four  churches,  con^'ent,  and 
echoot,  as  well  as  a  commodious  Town  Hall,  containing  the  Corporation  oJlice4<. 
public  library  and  reading-room,  and  museum  ;  is  ht  with  gaa  and  has  a  telephone 
exchange.  A  fine  clot^k-tower,  with  chimes,  has  been  erected  in  the  centre  of  the 
town  in  memory  of  the  Wcstland  troopers  who  fell  in  the  Boer  war,  A  very 
lumdBome  building  encloses  the  High  and  State  schools.  On  a  high  terrace  im- 
mediately north  of  the  borough  are  situ  ited  the  hospital,  gaol,  and  lunatic  asylum, 
all  of  which,  with  their  many  detached  buildings,  gardens,  and  grounds,  arc 
beautifully  kept.  There  is  a  tine  central  park — the  recreation-ground  of  the  place. 
As  the  aoburban  dwellinc^s  are  surrounded  by  gardens  the  town  has  a  moflt  pteafiins 
aspect.  It  enjoys  grand  views  of  Mount  Cook  and  other  dominant  peaks,  and 
from  the  terrace  on  the  Town  Belt  the  panorrima  of  snow-capped  mou  i tains  is 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  Excursions  by  road  and  water  can  be  made  to  the 
adjacent  beauty-spots  and  Lakes  Kanieri  and  Blahinapua,  which  are  unrivalled 
in  their  different  scenic  aspects*  On  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  borough  is  the 
Tacecourse,  which  ia  well  equipped  and  pleasantly  situated.  The  local  industries 
comprise  sawmills,  llax mills,  sash,  door,  and  furniture  factories,  foundry  and 
en^^ineering  shops,  fisih-cannery,  coach  building,  bone-miQ,  breweries,  and  coffee 
and  spice  works.  Hokitika  in  connected  with  '  rey mouth  and  the  north  by 
railway,  which  will  ere  long  be  open  southward  to  Ross.  In  connection  with  this 
latter  extension  a  tine  combined  railway  and  traffic  bridge  has  been  erected  across 
the  Hokitika  River,  and  proves  a  great  convenience  to  the  townspeople  and  nib> 
urban  residents. 


NEW   ZBAItAXD  OFFICIAL   YEAB-BOOK. 

Brunner  — Picturesquely  situated  oi\  the  b&nks  of  the  Grey  River, 
miles  above  Greymouth*  it  includes  the  villagea  of  Dob«on,  TmylorriUe,  and 
Wallsend,  and  contains  1,150  people,  ThiB  town  is  wholly  dependent  on  the 
adjacent  Brunncr  and  Tyneside  co&l-Bnines  and  their  allied  induBtnea  of  coke- 
burning  and  briok  and  tib  making.  The  output  of  these  mines  and  the 
manufoctorioa  is  sent  by  rail  to  Greymouth*  where  the  bulk  of  it  is  shipped.  Ths 
mineral  traffic  causes  this  short  branch  to  be  the  best>paying  railwrny-Uiie  in  ths 
colony.  Two  fine  suspension  bridra  ftcroaa  the  Grey  Riyer  link  the  townahipt 
together,  one  being  a  i^waj  and  the  other  a  foot  bridge. 

Kumara. — This  compact  little  town,  with  its  suburbs  of  DiUmmnstown  Mid 
Larrikins,  of  L25B  inhabitants  is  placed  on  the  skirts  of  the  largest  alluvial  gold- 
6eld  in  Now  Zealand.  Main  roads  to  Hokitika,  Grey  mouth,  and  Christchufch 
radiate  from  this  place,  and  a  fine  road  of  four  railea  connects  it  with  the  railvty. 
The  town  is  finely  situated  on  a  high  tableland,  and  enjoys  interesting  riewi  of 
mountaini},  and  bush-clad  plateaux,  riTer*  valley,  and  ocean.  Hydraulic  gold- 
mining  is  carried  on  here  on  an  crtenaive  scale,  the  greater  portion  of  the  wmtcf- 
supply  coming  many  miles  from  the  inland  mountains.  Large  sludge-chaDnds^ 
have  been  made  to  carry  away  the  tailings.  This  industry  gives  emptoyincDi 
to  a  large  number  of  men,  and  also  provides  lucrative  work  for  sawmiUers  afid 
meuhanioal  engineers.  Kumara  baa  finely  equipped  and  well-built  ochoolA  and  • 
hospital. 

Ro3s, — Population,  about  (^00.  A  very  picturesque  township  situated  at  the 
foot  of  the  northern  8lo|>e»  of  Mount  Greenland,  150  fts  above  and  one  mile  distant 
troai  the  »ea.  It  occupies  a  very  sunny  sheltered  fiosition,  and  is  famed  for  fruit 
and  (lowers.  It  is  ensentially  a  gold- mining  centre,  and  extensive  sluicing  i* 
carried  on.  Right  under  the  town  area  are  various  layers  of  auriferous  drifts 
partly  worked,  but  at  present  waterlogged.  It  is  expcctisd  that  these  deep  level* 
wiH  be  worked  again  in  the  near  future,  and  the  town  renew  its  old  prosperity. 
The  completion  of  the  railway  from  Hokitika  will  greatly  benefit  Ross  and  the 
lu  (rounding  district 

If ^jtW/.  — Population,  about  800.  A  township  in  the  Grey  Valley  mainly 
dependent  on  the  coal-mines  in  its  vicinity.  A  railway  and  traffic  bndge  ha» 
been  ranstructed  over  the  Grey  River,  and  a  branch  line  about  two  miles  »nd 
1  h<ilf  long  wiU  connect  the  town  with  the  main  trunk  railway. 

In  addition  to  the  towns  already  enumerated  there  arc  many  small  mining  and 
iawmilling  centres,  such  as  Abaura,  Hatters*  Terrace,  No  Town,  Stillwater*  Kokiti, 
Nelson  Creek,  Moana,  Noble's,  Orwell  Creek,  Twelve-mile.  Stafford,  Kameri, 
Woodstock,  Riinu,  Blue  Spur,  Okanto^  Gillespie's,  Slc,  The  town  of  Runansa 
has  been  established  in  connection  with  the  State  coal-mines  near  Greymonu, 
which  are  oonnectod  by  rail  with  that  town. 

Ports. 
Orei^rmmtL — Twenty-four  miles  north-ea^t  of  Hokitika-  Extensive  h&rbom- 
work*  have  been  carried  oul.  A  bre^ikwater  or  «ca- wall  extends  some  3,542  ft 
seaward  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  on  the  south  side,  and  on  the  north  cuds 
l,40n  ft.  with  internal  half-tide  training- walls,  the  result  being  an  average 
depth  of  water  on  the  bar  of  20  ft.  at  high  water  and  of  12  ft.  at  low  wattv. 
Vessels  of  l»50O  tons  can  now  come  alongaide  the  wharf.  There  is  a  berth- 
age accommodation  of  2,365  ft.,  with  a  further  313  ft,  in  course  of  ooustnie- 
tion,  with  a  minimum  depth  of  1*2  ft.  to  10  ft.  at  low  water.  fbe 
principal  exports  are  gold,  ooal,  coke,  and  timber.  The  number  of  veisels 
that  entered  the  port  during  the  year  I1K>5  was :  080  steamers,  tiinnage  268,012 ; 
S3  sailing-vessels,  tonnage  6,184;'  being  a  total  tonnage  of  273,196  for  the  year, 
The  train  runs  donni  the  wharf,  and  the  coaJ-trucks.  specially  made  for  the  purpose,, 
we  lifted  and  emptied  into  the  veeseVs  hold  by  means  of  powerful  hydraulic  and 
steam  cranes,  of  which  there  are  five,  with  capaciticH  of  from  1)  t^ms  to  12  tont^ 
w  that  every  encouragement  is  given  to  quick  despatch.  231,322  tons  of  coal. 
2,240  tons  of  coke,  1,416  tons  of  bricks,  2,701  tons  of  flax,  26,»»33,6I7  superficiaJ 
feet  of  sawn  timber,  md  1 13,576  elec\iers  were  exported,  and  4(>,79f)  tons  of  genarai 
CArgo  were  imported  during  the  year. 


THB   WBSTIiAND   LAND    DISTRICT.  |j[)6 

ffokitiim,— Two  trainiBg-WftHs  have  been  conatninted,  the  one  on  the  north 
•id©  bcin£5  about  *2»000  ft.  lonp,  wliile  that  on  the  soutb  is  077  ft.  The  bar  is  of 
•bifting  Fand,  and  tlie  depth  at  hijifh  water  varies  from  9  ft.  to  15  ft.,  while  inside 
the  depth  is  from  0  ft.  to  22  ft.  for  three- quarters  of  a  mile  from  the  entrance. 
For  ten  months  ont  of  the  twelve  the  port  ia  nsiially  safe  for  veswls  draxvinn;  8  ft. 
to  10  ft  of  water.  The  berth  age- space  anionnts  to  1. 000  ft.,  with  from  18  ft  to 
22  ft,  of  water.     Tbo  principal  exports  arc  gold  and  timber. 

The  several  aucceedin;^  iplaces  aro  each  the  port  for  the  adjacent  small  mining 
»nd  farming  suttlementH,  which  are  wholly  dependent  on  the  periodical  stearaera 
for  their  Biippjies  and  for  the  export  of  fiax,  timber*  prod  tire,  and,  at  times,  of 
fat  stock  for  t!io  northern  markets.  The  Government  sleamKhip  call**  at  the  three 
bays  notel  below,  and  the  local  steamer  from  Hokiltka  visits  all  these  minor 
ports  every  two  and  three  months,  whdst  other  Eleameru  ply  to  such  of  lhe«© 
places  as  trade  indiieea  i  bnt  as  all  the  rivers  haTO  bar  eBtrancea  the  working  of 
them  is  often  prcearious  and  intermittent 

Okarito* — Fifty-five  miles  sotith  west  of  Hokitika.  A  bar  bar  bo  ur/some  times 
completely  blocked  by  a  high  sandbank  thrown  up  by  heavy  seas.  When  open 
the  entrance  is  good,  with  a  maximttm  depth  of  10  ft.  There  is  a  small  jetty 
about  half  a  mile  from  the  entrance.  The  sand  and  pipi  bank  was  blown  up 
recently  by  the  Government. 

Btucc  Baif. — Ninety-five  miles  sooth- west  of  Hokitika,  An  open  roadstead 
well  sheltered  from  the  south  and  south- westerly  winds  by  Heretaniwha  Point 
which  juta  out  fully  a  mile  to  the  southward.  Go<x!  anchorage  in  18  ft.  of  water 
opposite  the  Green  Rock,  which  stands  up  ont  of  the  water.  Good  boat-landing 
with  above-named  winds  on  a  smooth  sandy  beach, 

Poringa  Hivtr. — 104  miles  south- west  of  Hokitika.  Open  roadstend.  Ve«sela 
coming  in  and  out  should  give  Hanata  Reef  (off  the  north  head)  a  wide  berth. 
There  is  also  a  sunken  reef,  awash  at  low  water,  in  the  middle  of  the  bay,  and  a 
dangerous  siinken  rock  )ust  off  the  South  Head,  two  or  three  ehains  away,  facing 
a  i^mall  sandy  bay.  and  ris;ht  abreast  of  the  trig,  station.  Vessels  lie  inside  and 
ft  little  to  the  northwarf^l  of  thi<i  rock*  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  shore,  and  are 
quite  safe  with  southerly  winds. 

Hdaat  River.  — 118  miles  south-west  of  H^^kitika.  A  constantly  shifting  bar 
at  entrance,  wlitch  ia  nearly  opposite  and  a  little  to  the  southward  of  the  Alhambra 
Rock.  This  rock  stands  well  out  of  the  water,  and  vessels  entering  can  go  on 
either  side  with  safety.     Average  depth  of  water  on  bar  from  (J  ft  to  8  ft 

Ohiru  and  Tumhidt  J?ii.^r<f.  — 131*  miles  south-west  of  Hokitika,  These  ri vert 
join  just  inside  the  entrance.  Good,  straight  channel ;  average  depth,  8  ft,  to 
10  ft.  The  port  is  well  sheltered  by  Open  Bay  Islands,  which  lie  about  three  miles 
away,  just  opposite  the  entrance,  bearing  a  tritle  west  of  north.  A  dangerous 
reef  bes  about  two  miles  and  a  half  from  tho  south-west  point  of  the  smaller  island, 
and  immediately  to  the  north-west  of  a  line  drawn  from  the  last-named  point 
to  the  extreme  end  of  Jackson^s  Head. 

Ja^lciorC*  Bay. — 153  miles  south-west  of  Hokitika.  Good  shelter  and  anchor- 
a,ge,  open  only  to  north-east,  with  12  ft.  of  water  within  a  few  chains  of  shore. 
Jackson's  Head  rims  out  about  one  mile  and  a  half  in  a  north-easterly  direction 
from  tho  southern  end  of  the  bar.  This  Is  tho  only  ocean  harbour  on  the  coast  of 
Westland*  and  could  be  converted  into  a  lirst-class  port  at  comparatively  small 
cost.  No  doubt  Jackson's  Bay  will  eventually  form  a  great  coal -port,  as  indie  a* 
tions  of  coal  are  found  from  the  Bay  to  TaufK-rtkaka,  a  distance  of  thirty  miles. 
Moreover,  Ihe  recent  dijscovcry  of  a  practicable  pass  through  the  main  range>  via 
the  VVaiatot'O  and  Axius  Rivers,  will  make  it  in  the  near  future  tbo  natural  outlet 
(or  the  Lake  Wanaka  country. 

Biq  or  A^mtrua  Batf,  200  miles  south-west  of  Hokitika ,  at  the  extreme  aonth- 
west  comer  of  Westland,     An  o|>cn  roadstead,  shcltert^  from  east  and  south*wesl 
winds;    24ft.  of  water  on  south  side  anchorage  and   30ft.  on  north  side  juti 
opposite  Crayfish  Rock,  in  a  spot  sheltered  from  northerly  windfl. 
23-Yiik, 


706 


NBW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAIt-BOOK. 


Steamers  bave  also  in  past  years  entered  the  Taramaliau,  WaitJilia,  WaUtioi^ 
Whanganui,  Waiatoto,  Arawata,  and  Cascade  Rivera,  all  of  which  have  baj-  entraiiCft 
Goods  aad  passengers  are  also  landed  at  tbe  roadsteads  of  Saltwater,  QUkspicTi 
Beach,  and  Abbey  Rocks. 

MintToU  and  Mining. 

The  whole  of  the  District  of  Westland  in  a  proclaimed  ^Idfield,  and  oantabt 
the  greateflt  area  of  alluvial  auriferous  ground  on  the  West  Coast. 

AH  the  Westland  nv«*rs  carry  down  more  or  leas  gold,  but  thw  three  great 
gold-yielding  rivers  are  the  Grey^  Araliara,  and  Waiho.  the  bam  and  beaches  of 
which  appear  to  be  replenished  with  fresh  deposits  of  the  metal  after  each  flood. 
Every  streani  in  the  Grey  Valley  is  auriferous,  and  the  gold  bearing  nature  of  the 
adjoining  gravels  is  evidenced  by  the  old  and  new  workings  which  are  scattered 
all  over  the  watershed.  Again,  if  one  stands  on  the  summit  of  Mount  Turiwhafe, 
the  ancient  beds  of  the  Ar&hura  can  be  easily  traced  northward  to  the  Kamarasnd 
southward  to  the  Rimu  dig:gings,  Siinilarty,  the  Waiho  has  in  olden  times  flowed 
both  northward  down  the  present  valley  of  the  Okartto  River  aod  southward 
to  the  Omoeroa  Riveri  the  lateral  terraces  in  both  directions  being  weU  defined 
and  gold 'bearing. 

Tbere  are  three  main  gold-bearing  depodts  ui  Westland.  The  first,  wfaic^ 
may  bo  called  riverine  leads,  ran  generally  westward.  These  are  ancient  river 
beds,  often  tying  at  a  considerable  elevation,  of  which  the  balk  has  beeo  waabcd 
away,  leaving  detached  portions,  as  Kumara  and  Rimu.  The  second  are  beach 
(eads,  both  those  along  the  present  coast*line  and  others  running  parallel  thereto 
at  diatancea  varying  from  one  quarter  to  four  miles  inland,  and  at  levels  €rom  s 
few  feet  below  to  a  couple  of  hundred  feet  above  sea'tevel.  The  third  are  extensivs 
masses  of  gravel,  dtc,  occurring  in  large  isolated  patches,  as  at  Bell  Hill^  Big  Dam 
HiU,  Humphrey's  Gully,  and  "Bald  Hill,  north  of  the  Haast  Those  drifta  have 
alt  one  noticeable  pecutiarity — namely,  that  they  invariably  coat  the  aeawaid 
faces  of  the  hiUs,  and  neither  gold  nor  drift  is  to  be  found  on  the  inland  sjopea 
Gotd'beartog  fans  from  Mount  Greenland  have  been  found  at  different  levcJs  at 
Ross  Flatp  having  probably  been  deposited  in  deep  water  by  successive  land- 


Hydraulic  mining  on  a  large  scale  is  successfully  carried  on  in  various  portuns 
of  the  northern  distriota,  aod  m  being  extended  to  many  other  localitiea  Kaoieri 
Lake  is  being  again  utilised,  and  an  abundant  quantity  of  water  is  now  available  for 
the  flluicers  in  the  Kanieri  Valley.  The  extension,  now  surveyed,  of  the  Humphrey*! 
Oully  water- race  to  Rimu  and  Bock  Creek  will  develop  a  very  large  field.  Tht 
tapping  of  the  Arahura  River  will  enable  the  mmars  at  Blue  Spur  to  obtain  an 
unfailing  supply  of  water,  and  command  a  large  area  of  auriferous  country  at 
present  unworkable  from  want  of  water  at  a  sufficient  altitude.  A  large  acreage 
of  alluvial  drift  has  been  pegged  out  as  dredging  claims.  Some  companies  are  at 
work  with  more  or  less  profit.  Experts  are  assured  that  a  large  extent  of  auiiferooi 
gravels  exists  all  over  the  low -lying  country  whieh  will  yield  remunerative  returns 
by  this  new  treatment.  Undoubtedly  great  areas  of  swampy,  undrainabte,  and 
hithorto  unavailable  lands  wilt  be  prospected*  and  it  is  expected  that  valuable 
finds  will  bo  made  in  such  diatricta.  Numerous  and  costly  experiments  have  been 
made  with  dredges  of  diHercnt  types  in  the  endeavour  to  work  economically  the 
gold-bearing  sands  which  lie  along  tbe  aea-beacbes  for  a  distance  of  a  hundred 
and  forty  miles,  but  very  few  have  proved  a  success.  A  considerable  number  ci 
miners  (  '  blaoksauders  ^'}  work  on  some  of  tbe  beaches^  and  seem  to  make  a  fair 
living,  many  of  them  having  been  so  employed  in  one  neighbourhood  for  oirer 
twenty  years. 

Gold-bearing  quartz  has  been  found  throughout  the  district*  the  most  promjaing 
nndA  being  at  Paparoa^  Mount  Alexander,  Taipo  Range,  Browning's  Pass,  and 
Cedar  Creek,  Silver-ores,  associated  with  gold,  have  also  been  found*  notably 
St  Rangitoto. 


TBB  WBBTIiAMD  IiAKD  DISTRICT. 


707 


The  reefs  at  Garden  OuUj,  on  the  P&p&roa  Range,  are  now  underi^mg  a 

thorottgh  test  by  a  well-equipped  battery  on  the  upot*  and  evidence  sati^lactory 

results. 

At  BrowTiinj^'s  Pass  deposits  of  auriferous  quartz,  known  as  tbe  "  Westland 

Reefs/'  have  been  traced  for  considerable  distances,  and  are  at  present  being 

prospected  by  several  parties  of  oxperieneed  min^rsu 

The  amotint  of  gold  exported  during  the  past  year  amounted  to  109.704  oz,, 

T&lucd  at  £438/258. 

SpecimeoB  of  nearly  all  tbe  known  minerals  have  been  discovered  in  yarions 

localities.     The   Paparoa  Eanj^,  nortb  of  Gr«?ymoutb,  contains  many  varieties, 

and  will  eventually  hold  a  large  mining  population. 

Copper  also  occurs  in    the   Tai|io,  Arahura,  Tearoha,  Wbitcombe,  Wan^anui, 

and  Jackson  Valleys,  tbe  finest  lodes  discovered  being  ou  tbe  western  faces  of  the 

Matakitaki  Ranj^e,  near  the  Haast  River^  with  good  scams  and  beds    of  coal  and 

limestone  adjocent. 

Petroleum  has  been  found  in  the  Arnold  Valley,  and  borings  are  now  being 

mftde  to  test  and  develop  what  is  hoped  may  be  a  good  oil  bearing  basin. 

First-class  slate,  suitable  for  any  purpose,  exists    in  the  Upper  Wanganni 

Valley  and  on  the  Paparoa  Ran^e.     Fine  pottery-clays  and  fireclays  are  also  in 

bulk  on  this  range,  and  building-sloue  of  all  kind^,  granite  frecfttone,  &c.,  is  to  be 

found  all  over  the  Coast.  Limestone  also  ^^cu^s  in  different  localities,  comprising 
qualities  suitable  for  making  lime  and  cement,  and  also  for  litbographic  purposes. 
Greenstone  ipounamu)  is  now  largely  exported  for  line  laptaary  and  jewillera' 
work,  and  commands  a  r^ady  sale.  Iron-ores  occur  in  quantity  in  various  locali* 
ties. 

Coal'mininq. — As  noted  before,  great  quantities  of  coal  are  obtained  from  the 
mines  at  Brunperton,  and  also  from  the  fine  s^ama  at  Blackball,  higher  up  tbe 
Grey  VaUey.  Kx  tensive  seani8  are  now  being  developed  at  tbe  State  coal -mine 
in  the  Seven 'Uvile  Creek  basin,  and  further  along  the  coast.  On  the  higher  sIo[ies 
of  the  Paparoa  Range  areas  have  been  surveyed  and  leased,  and  large  outcrops 
are  being  prospected.  It  would  appear  that  the  greater  portion  of  ine  sesward 
eountry  hereabouts  contains  very  extensive  coalfields— it  undoubtedly  rnnlains 
tbe  greatest  area  of  coal-l:>earirig  strata  yet  discovered;  but  nevertheless  all  the  way 
down  the  coast  to  Jackson's  Bay»  wherever  tbe  coal -measures  have  been  prolecled 
from  tbe  scour  of  tbe  ire-streflms  of  the  great  glacial  period,  isolated  areas  of  toal 
exist,  and  poesiblv  borings  would  prove  the  lower  coal* beds  to  be  intact  under  Iho 
overlying  drifts,  Tbe  four  large  coal-mines  now  at  work — viz.,  tbe  Bruuner, 
Tyneside*  Blackball,  and  f^tate  coal-mines — are  all  finely  equipped  with  the  latest 
machinery  are  directly  linked  to  the  main  railway  by  branch  lines,  and  produce 
greiat  quantities  of  coal  varyioj^  in  cbsraeter  and  suited  for  difTerent  economio 
pnrposes.  I>ast  year  some  250,000  tons  were  raised  and  railed  to  various  towns, 
but  principally  into  Greymouth,  whence  it  waa  abippcd  to  places  in  and  beyond 
the  colony. 


THE    CANTERBURY   LAND   DISTRICT. 

TflOMAs  HiTUFiiBrKs,  Chitif  Surveyor. 

SouHfifrrUji — Pkyfiticai  Features* 
The  tisnd  District  of  C»intprhurf  comprises  the  central  portion  of  the  Middle 
Island,  snd  lies  between  the  Cunwaj  Rivrr,  Burefell  Pn^s.  »«»id  Mt,  Franllin  on  lbs 
OoHhwiirti;  the  Speinier  MouhIhihs.  Traveri  iValt,  Mt.  Bnrron,  the  Amun,  Hnpe, 
and  HiiriiHui  Paiges,  the  iuniiinb  of  tlie  Southrru  Alp**,  aud  (he  we»(eni  vntt'rphed 
of  the  Rivrr  Hopkins  snd  Lale  Ohau  on  tbe  wi^fiwiirfl  \  Ihr  RiTiTii  Oliiiu  snd 
WaitaU  on  thi*  southward  ;  and  the  Smi«l*  Fucifit-  Oc**i»u  on  the  rB..i»»rd,  If  lies 
Mwfeu  M>uih  latitudes  4^1*^  6' and  44*56',  and  eMst  ImgUudes  169^  ib' m^d  173"  »0'* 
The  length  of  the  district  north-east  and  south-west  is  about  220  tuilss  %  the  breadth 


• 


708 


NEW   EEALATTD   OFFICIAL   TBAR-BOOK. 


tdei, 


W.V.W.  ftnd  B  S.E.f  from  the  •amfnit  of  iHe  Atpi  to  itie  t^a,  ftTerKfF4>«  •e^^nty  ipIIm. 
The  »eft-bo*r<f  Ims  «  lt>nKtii  of  ftbour  8'»0  miiIm,  ron^ttrng  i^iierwlly  of  low-ljinj 
becu-ht*!,  broken  br  ttie  projection  ecittirftrd  of  Bnnkt  P«niil9ii)ii,  nrhitrli  ronUint  the 
oi»1r  lurgo  n»iuml  li«rb<nir*<,  Thni  pcirtioti  «>f  the  distnci  *lii'h  frofiU  the  ocetn 
between  the  Athlfj  Ji"«d  Opihi  Rirers  h  flut  l»iiH,  »b>iul  2!,5>00,CM»0  •*  re#  in  i^il^nl; 
nurlb  Hnd  s-mth  of  thot>4»  liniit^  rhe  pliitn  is  itittrspera^d  i»ilh  undulalififs  nnd  hiltj 
country.  Thi»er«*at  pUin  itreichefl  wesiwurda,  riauig  and  merifin^  into  downt  n^A 
hiMtf  wliicfi  aisruiii  eitoiid  wr^twitrd  iiud  inrrge  into  the  Soul  hern  A\pt  and  the 
off«hoott  thePffroiri.  Bnnl*  Pfiiin^nln,  whiih  h«ft  an  itr<»«*  of  about  2oO,iiCMi  %crt^ 
it  wholij  com^aed  of  ridget  and  Julia,  dtfeplj  iDt.ere<tfcled  bj  bmaiut  and  guUioAi  tbe 
retuU  nf  vnU'iini''  nction. 

'1  he  Sonthi^rn  Alps,  which  form  the  bAokbono  of  th«  iilan^,  are  a  continmiui 
chain  of  t«ioniit>iin»,  wilh  a  Kticcesiiiott  of  umgnincent  pettkn,  af  taitiing  thrir  oulmi- 
nitinj;  point  in  Munnr  Co«»k,or  Aon»ngi,  12.349  Ft.«hoteiieii-lev«'l  -,  th«*re  iipe»  he«idei, 
numerous  pi^fika  rrinj^iMg  in  ultimde  brivife«*n  7,(.WK»ft.  <nnd  lU.OCX*  ft.  0(f«hn<i 
fxlertdin^  ta  grent  di^-tunre*  e»tsmnrd  and  louih-ensl  wurd  from  the  maui  nttt] 
Attain  el^^rni  tons  of  B/X)0  ft.,  to  ^^IKJM  ft.  On  the^e  Tn<mijtj«in'rMne<*<«  are  niniiei 
nnd  estf'ripii-e  gliit'i*»r»,  from  which  emnniircks  the  riv**r*§vi*teni  of  the  diplrict,  c*>ni' 
prisinE  the  WumM-u*,  mbout  KK)  inife*  in  len|zfh  j  Jlwrnnni,  85  mile*  ;  WMininkjtrtri, 
9<1  milt-A;  Riiknia,  B5  milea  ;  Atthburlon,  Bt-  milft  ;  Rnnpitilii,  74  titiit^:  ^h^i 
Waitaki  iiud  ii«  imiin  fee  fieri*  140  mi  Ira.  Thi'jie  rivi»r*  ru»h  down  from  the 
mountJiin-gnre-f,  llirauffh  the  intervening  ninge#  and  hill#ij  iind  tniTerne  the  pltiini 
tofheecii.  Thr  eliiiniieU  on  the  pliiini  are  iliallow^  and  extend  in  eome  inviuncci 
orer  n  nnle  in  width. 

The*e  nrer^  (kir^re  a*  outlets  for  a  portion  of  the  Lake  PT^item  of  the  Middle 
ItUnii,  Lrike  SummT  b^mg  cronnert^i  wirh  the  llnrnnni,  Liikee  C"h-hdge  and 
Heron  wiili  tlie  Rjiktiiji,  and  tlie  Miu!ken«ie  Countrv  Jake^ — Tekupo.  I'nktiki,  «nd 
OhNU-'-wiih  th*^  Wtiiiii,ki.  Another  isnpitrl^nt  lik*'  is  that  known  a«  Lake  Ellcv'niere, 
we«t  of  Unnkrt  Ponmxnla;  it  is  ae|,)anited  fron^i  the  m-eun  bv  a  narmw  niiingle'Sfiit 
OTilj  5  L-ltMin^  ^^r<>A!i  i&r.  one  point,  through  which,  at  i^ert^iin  ^eiuone,  the  fliMid  mnU'Tt 
force  a  ehnnnt^I  to  the  "fa  Lake  Ternijr<*on  ia  aituated  on  the  eastern  JUnk  of  the 
Bpeiirier  Mountmna,  3,614  fL  aboTe  aea'Ievel. 

Cfimaie. 

Tlie  cHmateof  Canterbury  i»  weJ!  united  to  Etjropeana.  It  reaembles  that  of" 
Qreat  Britain,  but  on  the  pluins  U  fur  more  equtible,  the  nii'am  Jnily  range  of 
ttMnperatiire  b-ing  lyi'***  Fahr,  Ob««nraiions  t^ikcn  iit  Lincoln  jfonrfern  mile*  fr*nn 
Chn-^trharfli)  for  a  period  of  twenty *one  years.  endi»»g  Deeemher,  IS|(13,  give  the 
fuDowtng  regatta:  Uaronieter,  re'Uieed  to  3:^^  Kahr.  iind  een-levpl.  29'9t>8  in  ;  mra» 
maiiinum  daily  ietnpe rat n re,  ^I'S'^;  n>ean  miiiinium  daily  teiii]h*ratnre»  4:M*;  mean 
ttvemge  tpmpenitnre,  52"  **".  The  eitretnea  of  tempeniture  wi5re  99  4*"  and  19*9°  Fahr. 
The  niinfull  for  the  faMi**  period  aferagi-d  2l'fi74  in.  prr  annum,  the  eitremra  being 
»5"287in.in  laSB  an4  ll'4tH0in.  in  IHU?.  The  average  aim nal  number  of  da) »  on 
whicli  rrtin  fell  was  I2:i,  thr  extreme*  being  164  in  iDi'^  ami  9^1  in  1891,  Snowfallij 
arc  Tery  light  on  the  phiin«,  but  in  the  high  uplandci  the  nfiontie  la  mueb  colder  and 
more  aefere.  The  ehungea  of  weiiher  and  t^inpertiture  are  audden,  cuhna  and  gale 
rain  and  aunahme,  heat  and  cold  alteritaiing.  i'he  prerHiling  winds  are  north-fast, 
•Outh-weat«  and  north- weat — the  Jaat.  a  hot  wind.  The  climate,  as  a  whole,  ii 
•plendidly  healitiy,  braoitig,  and  moei  enjoyable. 


Foundaiion  and  Sfflifmenf. 
The  diitrict  waa  occupietl,  in  the  firat  instance,  by  aettlera  eent  out  b?  thft. 
Cant-'rhiiry  A.-^aoeiatinn,  whirl*  wae  formed  in  1848^  nod  incorporntcd  hy  boji 
Charter  in  iHlii,  under  the  ati^pirea  of  pnnninent  mt'n  in  Enijland,  incln<ting  l1i 
ArehtaiJthop  of  Ciint«rbury  an^il  L^rd  Lytielton.  The  step  wua  not  taken  unlil  after 
due  toqni  ry  aa  to  Mie  mo*t  «nit»Hle  part  in  wliieh  to  esfabliah  ii  #eTtlen*«nt,  Captaio 
(afterwarda  Sir  Qeorg**)  Grey,  at  thiit  time  Qovfrnor,  recoTtnnrnded  the  Wairantpa, 
but  it  waa  finally  decided  to  take  owr  from  the  New  Zealand  Company  a  tract  of  the 


THE  OANTSHBUBV   LAND  BISTRIOT. 


OmtprbHTj  Pluins,  m  the  neigh boiirliood  of  Port  Cooper.  Captairi  Ttiomta,  the  agent 
of  trie  a<»ociiiiion,  who  Imd  aclvii4«i1  the  ^elL-ction.,  BiiprniifpiiilGd  the  »un?ey*  and  ihe 
pre|iianiiiun»  fur  reL-eiTiiTgiTitt'odiiig  »ei tiers.  The  oriKiiml  intfjiljon  of  the  f^>ul»der■ 
Wat  thttt  ilie  fetttetneniKbauhl  be  JnilepH'fidi''nl  amcI  uuinplete  hi  itself,  and  «tioul<i 
orobniee  only  «uch  |]«rfloii0  &a  were  ineinbcra  of  tlie  Church  of  Knglaiid  tmrl  were 
Ikppruved  of  bj  the  HAtfoomtion.  Thi;^  wiu  frutft ruled  by  the  inilux  uf  Humberts  of 
per»oni  of  aU  cluAflex  and  behefs.  Jlie  lirat  ^ody  of  emigranta  arriri^d  at  Port 
Coop«r  on  the  16th  Pet'einbor,  1«&0,  mid  the  *ettl<'inent  reiimuiod  uridrr  llie  control 
of  t(ie  u.4»0('iittiotit  as  direct^^-d  by  aeooiiiiMtee  of  irmnugemeiit  m  EMgUti<hai<c)  under 
the  active  peritonul  mpervinjon  of  Mr.  Joho  Kobi*ii  Gwllcy,  until  1853,  wheii  the 
wtiole  of  Ciiiiterbury  became  a  proTince  t^f  New  Zealand  bv  the  provljioiis  of  **  The 
Gondtitulioii  Aet,  inSt.*' 

rheneeforward  the  control  of  the  iettlemeni  whs  Te«ted  in  the  Superintendent 
and  the  Frovinri'ul  Couucih  The  first  Siip»rititjeiideiit  wiis  Mr,  Janiee  Kdward 
FitxOenilit,  who  hehi  ollh-e  «ill  1857;  ho  wbub  followed  in  i*ti"cei*sion  bj  Mr,  Wdlmm 
Befton  MiM)rhoii(ie,  1H57  lUO ;  Mr.  8umiiel  liealej,  180  l^GH]  Mr  Moorhouse 
ftgaiQ  till  1863;  and  Mr  VVdlium  Kolleitton  till  I  he  abidition  of  the  proTinee«  in 
^87tJ»  when  the  di*trit't  came  dirrotlj  under  the  coTitrol  of  the  General  Uof  ernment, 

InUrnal  CommunicatiQ%» 

In  no  part,  of  New  Zf^lund  are  the  means  of  connniinieaiion  better  than  in 
Cant-i*rhiiry,  The  natural  facilities  of  the  count rj  have  been  abiinHi(iiii]j  Mupple* 
minted  liy  radway »  and  rriads.  Lytteltnn,  the  chief  jx>rt,  is  ft)nnec»ed  by  rail  writb 
ChftiitrlMiri'h,  the  heart  and  centre  of  the  whole  dintrict.  Frouj  Chnntehurch  the 
main  Hnw  extpndft  northwiirdii  to  Cnlrcrden.  a  di»t^*nce  of  69  milep,  with  a  branch 
from  Waipara  to  Kthel'on  in  the  Cheviot  Eel  ate  (abmit  twenfj^tlirfe  mile*)  open 
for  tralPr.  and  work  "»  actively  in  p'ogreiia  beyond  thin  pfiint  towards  Dmnrtt 
(about  thirtT'lwo  fiule<).  It  is  proponed  to  eit^nd  thif  bnineli  to  Mackenzie,  in 
the  rentre  *d  the  Cheviot  DiBtrict  Soulhw»rd  the  nmiin  trur^k  line  rijn*i  through 
Waitrtki  039  milei*)  to  Butifdin.  These  linea  Up  and  nerve  the  whole  coasts 
district  and  the  lands  adjoining  on  the  we»t«rn  vide.  In  addition,  eight  brunch 
lines  have  been  construeted  wei^tward,  and  two  lin^i  ionth-eastwArrl  *  th<»  former, 
in  mo»t  instflnn*»p,  eitendiiiff  to  the  foot  of  the  hill*.  The  SpringBcld  branch  ie 
bf-iTig  extended  into  find  through  Ihe  mnin  range  in  order  to  connect  with  the 
West  Coa*i  sjftem. 

Combined  with  the  railway  system  it  a  complete  network  of  main,  diitrict,  and 
subfkidiarj  roads,  eilenfling  into  all  part«  of  C<*nterbury.  The  total  length  of  rail- 
ways is  ahoitt  47**  miles,  and  the  rofldo  probuhly  exceed  lf>,000  ini^es  in  the  aggre* 
gate.  The  eompletion  of  this  splendid  syslem  i*  due,  pwrtly  to  the  foreniRht  of  the 
original  iettllers,  partly  to  the  esertion*  of  the  pTovinrial  Government,  and  partly 
t4>  ttie  railway  and  public* worka  policy  of  the  lute  Sir  Julius  VogeL 

Geolofftcal  F&rmation. 

Aceording  to  Sir  James  H«*ctr>r,  the  main  wei»iem  ranges  are  compoced  of  Upper 
Palnozoic  roeks^,  having  at  iheir  bape  eit^^n^ive  pin  ins  of  Tertiary  fluriatile  forma- 
tion, with  oecaj»innal  protruding  ridges  of  Upper  MesoKoic,  forming  low  mountain' 
r&ngea  subordinate  to  the  main  axis.  Baiiki  FeninMula  consists  of  baaic  Tolcanie 
rocks. 

Ar0a^  Katmrt,  a»d  Dhpoitiiiom  of  Lands, 

Tbe  area  of  the  Canterbury  Land  district  is  9,604  045  acres*  of  which  tbt 
estimated  area  of  forest  knd  is  516,030  Here*,  Forest  lundi  are  found  in  Banks 
Peninsula  and  in  the  Mount  Peel  and  Wnimate  diptrict*»  where  the  timber  eon* 
•ii>|4^  ohiedT  of  t-olara  and  maUi ;  at  the  soitrces  of  the  Wniau-uiir  Ashley*  Wai- 
tnskiiriri.  Rakaia.  «nd  Hopkins  Rivers,  at  Lakes  Ohfiu  and  8umner»  and  near 
Bpringfield  and  MethTen  the  timber  in  the^e  localitifs  being  moi«tIy  native  beech  i 
and  near  Oifr>rd,  wh^'r**  the  beeeh  if*  interspersed  with  rimu,  tot  am,  matai.  &^. 

The  Unds  of  Ginferhury  may  be  classed  approximal^ily  a*  follows:  First  clas*, 
2.04^.071  acres;  second  class,  5,207.173  acre«i ;  third  class  (barren  lands  and  lands 
of  small  ralue),  2,350,801  acres  :  total,  9,604,045  acres. 


710 


WBw  zMALJkm^  ornciAi-  TBAB*B0€«. 


Th«  difpomljoii  of  laitds  vm  m  1 906  m  follows : — 
I.  Crovn  Uoda  difWifH  of  for  cwH  (in'^ljiding  Uml  ftr«ntod 
uadM-  Midksd  B*il«Bj  Art,  &72,0uDacrv%  but  daduct* 


Ko^of       An*lB 


repurcbaMd  rortnOeatefil — ^262,1^5 


1.  Lsndfl  lieid  OB  ddcfTod  psjineoU 


Mis.m 


I.  LMidi  h«ld  oo  porpetBBl  Wmm 

i.  lAodf  h«Ul  H  l«M0lioldt  in  perpcioilj 

5.  La«m1«  bold  ID  occupation  iriih  rif  lit  of  parcbAM 

$.  Lnadt  held  ai  rilb^-homoftoftd  tp^eial  tetiltfOMnlA 

7    Lftnd*  held  •«  tniall  gfmsinK*ru«4 

9.  Lnndi  h#ld  tm  in-azLng-f&ruu  (on  Chetiot  £itAto) 

9«  PftAtor*!  licetiaet     ... 

10,  8p«ci»l-*eHlemeTit  aaaoektion* 

11.  He*erwn  &Dd  Cn>«n  Imnds  held  mnder  t«fnporarf  oeoup^ 

lion  li(^n»e#  (ftre*.  90,70S  scro*.  iDcladed  in  1:2  and  16) 

iSt  Areft  of  l^nd  reserved  and  gTmolcMi  under  Tsnotit  Act*  (ex* 
elusive  of  Midland  Railway  land,  includrd  in  1) 

It«  Land  purchased  and  disposMi  of  und<*r  Ljknd  for  Settle- 
ments Aeu  (inoluded  in  4,  7,  10,  and  11 ;  1,207  holderti 
2K>798  iu?res)    ,.. 

14  Crown  lands  open  for  seletfJion 

16*  Crown  Unds  bring  prepnrfd  for  setertion  .«. 

IB,  Barren  lauds,  and  Unds  for  future  disposal 

Total 


14 

MH 

47 

mI 

l,6«8 

284JM 

35 

^,m 

408 

U4I6 

94 

l^Mh 

GO 

46.020 

146 

3.47^»19 

41 

%m 

717 


971  ^f« 

54.927 
622,606 


8.115       9,604.04$ 

In  eTpUnsiion,  it  maj  be  not^d  th^t  No,  1  comprises  the  frer^hold  Unds  eob^ 
rejed.arid  tUnt  (erisnU  of  Nos.  2.  3.  and  &  hare  >he  right  orat^uinng  the  fret!hold| 
wlik^li  is  not  the  case  with  tempts  of  Kos,4,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10^  12,  and  18*  Orowia  lands 
proper  are  :  14,  o(>en  for  selection^ 

^oi2f. 

The  Soul  hem  Alps  and  mountains  adjoining  nre,  owing  lo  their  gre«t  altitudsi 
subj''<r't  to  djutnregrNrinni  and  furm  for  (he  ii)o?*t  fwrt  rtickr  bnrren  wastes. 

The  lower  nti^ges  and  liiIU»  the  high  tableUtidSf  and  the  light  stonj  portions  of 
the  pUin  form  the  pastoral  areas. 

In  the  northern  and  southern  diitriots  and  in  the  great  central  pUtn  are  tbs 
agrtcuUurnl  areas.  I'his  Utrer  eUss  of  land  eoniprites  rich  atluTial  trnHs  about 
Chr%*ii»t,  Hangiora,  Kaiapoi,  Lincoln,  Rlle^mere^  Longheticti,  Temuka,  snd  W«tniate, 
and  the  aplendtd  plain  and  down  Undp  which  eitend  from  Chariot  lo  the  Waitaki. 

Bankn  Penin»uU,  where  the  toil  is  of  h  ricli  rok*ar>ic  nature,  though  ezceedinglj 
hillj,  has  alluTial  areiirfl  in  the  rallejs  and  about  the  bays. 

P(utmra^0  and  Crept, 

Below  a  certain  lerel,  the  mountainous  and  hillj  regions,  and  the  high  upland 
country  in  the  weitorn  and  northern  part,  are  cotfered  bj  native  grnssi^s,  with  ai» 
adiniiture  of  Englinh  forage-pUnti  where  the  character  of  the  toil  aod  other  oircuni- 
•tanoes  are  fa?ourable. 

The  pasturage,  wliich  is  ferj  »uilable  for  iheep- farming,  is  taken  full  advantafV 
of  bf  the  pmiionil  tenants  of  the  Cmwn,  and  \»  used  txi  some  extent  by  freehtildert. 
The  liglii  «tonj  portions  of  the  plain  also  cont^n  native  grass  Unds,  well  adapted  to 
merino  sheep. 

The  lower  hills,  downs,  and  better  kinds  of  pUin-oonntrj  hare  been  widely  oulti- 
fated,  an<l  hare  prored  well  fitteit  for  th«^  produflthm  both  of  cereals  and  of  grmsaea. 

The  chief  crops  grown  in  ranterbury  Divirief  are  wheist,  pats,  barley,  turnips, 
rape,  clovrr  und  gra»s  seed  ;  whih*  nmongst  other  ero{>s  produced  are  rye,  peet» 
beans,  nmnguld%  be4<t»  enrrots,  and  polaioeo. 

Of  the  cereals,  wli^eai  i^  the  nto^t  largt^ly  grown,  and  was  for  tnanj  years  a 
Uri^  ileiri  of  eiport.  In  the  season  190&  6  the  area  under  crop  for  threshtfig  waa 
l%t»  i««-  m*,»^^^  bfinit  over  twolhird«  of  the  total  wheitt-area  of  the  colony,  Tho 
f  ir«s  4,7^9«400  buihels,  bein^  a.ii  a^«Tag<a  ot  30  ;t6  busheU  per  acre. 


THE  CANTERBURY   LAND  DISTRICT. 


711 


0»U  iiJio  ftre  Tery  mcomttuUj  fprowHi  the  figiire»  for  tli«  isme  period  being 
152,763  ncret,  or  over  two-tiFih»  of  tlie  total  anc*  of  tliin  orop  in  the  colony,  Xha 
toLal  Tjcld  wii»  &,92i£,lol  bu^helf,  being  an  av^ragif  of  3S'76  biiitliele  p«r  ai-r«. 

Biirlej  of  lupfTJor  qimlitj  i"  ftleo  produced^  llie  fi|;ure«  being  9,031  arret, 
equal  to  over  OTse  *liird  of  the  total  area  of  barfejcrop  in  the  poltm/.  The  total 
yield  «a«  3*^9,88^^^  byihi'ls,  beinp;  an  average  of  3ti  &2  biiJili^la  per  acre. 

dratfl-aeedf  are  abundftiitlj  grovrn,  ciH'k»foiiL  mninl?  on  the  splendid  Banki 
Peniniuia  <^olltllr¥»  and  rjegra^e  througlnmt  rhp  lutid  dUlrtet. 

Poltttoee,  which  jrit-ld  trops  of  eicvllent  quniiiy,  wtre  grown  in  1905-fi  on 
^p561  acri-« ;  tundp»  and  rap«  were  gri>wn  on  234,f)]5  acret,  and  the  combined 
area  of  other  cropa  grown,  irifluriing  rj-e,  pea«t  b«an»,  matigoMf,  be«t,  carrot  a,  atid 
onioitii  wa«  17r&74  acre^.  The  area  of  wheat,  oat^,  and  biirlej  for  fodder  waa 
67,747  acrci.  Thfl  area  ploughed  and  laid  down  in  Etvglil^h  graFB^e  w&a  l,6Ifi,0il 
Acres.  Surface-sown  larid«  comprised  593,fil5  acrei.  The  (plal  area  under  crop  wai 
644, 4r0  acres,  and  the  area  brokeit  up  but  not  in  CTOf>,  14.713  arres.  Plant stionsi 
^xclii'ire  of  prifare  gardens,  occupit-d  an  area  of  25,418  wcres.  The  aggwgnte  »re» 
©f  privttto  and  tsmrliet  gardens^  orchards,  and  Tinejarde  over  quarter  of  &u  acre  in 
extent  was  8,042  acres. 

Stock. 

The  pa*tor&l  and  agricultural  lands  provide  |rraiing  and  fodder  for  a  larg« 
number  of  sheep,  cattle,  horses,  and  other  stock*  Of  late  ye&r9  the  value  of  th« 
plains  has  been  much  enhanced  and  the  carrjing-capacitj  thereof  f^reatlr  incrra»ed 
by  the  w*ter-rat*e  sjsiem,  which  supphes  water  throughcut  the  length  and  brradth 
of  the  dry  areas,  and  enables  the  countrjr  to  be  occupied  in  smaller  holdings  than 
would  otherwise  be  poeeible. 

The  following  table  shows  the  extent,  (wet,  and  other  partioularB  regarding  the 
water>race  system  in  the  sereral  eountiea  in  190R  •  — 


ConnlT. 


Amiui    ... 

Ashley    ... 

Selwyn  .. 
Aahburton 
Cftermldine 

LeTelt     ... 


Area 

watered. 


Acres. 
24,162 


i22,00(» 

326»888 

586,000 
71.212 


19,00(> 


^ 


Maekeniie       9^400 


I 


k 


Waimate        23,398 


/ 


Hiles 
of 

Baoea. 


54 

600 

1,132 
l,5&2 

260 


Total 
Co«t. 


4,800 


71 
35 

125 


Cost  per 

Acre 
watered. 


Amoant  of 

Water 
distributed 

every 

Twenty^fonr 

Bottra. 


Annual  Charge  lor  Uae  of 
Water. 


s.    d. 

3  Ug 


25,000 

79,307 
43,780 
,  9,010 

'  1 

5,500 

1,935 
6,021 


4     1 

4  10 

2    61 

5  91 
4    i| 

6  2 


Gal, 

Bacei  are  maintained  bj  vn 
annual  charge  in  propor- 
tion to  area  watered, 

27,000,000  From  |d.  to  6d.  per  acre,  in 
addition  to  special  ratet 
for  interest  on  loans. 

90,940,960  8s.  4d.  to  £l  6«.  6d.  per  100 
aerei. 

86,000, 000|£1     las.   4d.    per    mile    of 

29,520,000|  Ahuut  7d.  per  ecre,  Includ* 
ing  a  rate  for  pu.?meEit 
of  prineipat  and  inlereat 
on  loant,  and  a  rate  for 
maintenance. 

6,480|000  l}d.  per  acre,  and  an  ]n> 
leresi-raie  of  id*  in  the 
pound  on  capital  vahte. 

7,516,800  £^d.  per  nvre  on  part  of 
district  and  |d.  in  the 
pound  on  capita)  value  in 
remainder  of  district. 

6,700,000  Races  are  mnintained  by  an 

V      ^*\v%e  <a\  \ucc\^».  m*s«^_^ 


713 


NB\¥    ZEALAND   OPFjCIAL    TEAR-BOOS. 


T\Mi  fb«PD  in  the  DUtrirt  of  Cmnturbury,  in  April,  1D05,  nmnhefed  fi,072.0i7. 
In  Ocioher,  li>05|  tbora  w«re  59,9S>5  konea,  inule#,  and  B«ae«»  183,7^a  csUJe,  sod 

Tlie  district  Ima  a  well  desorred  reputation  for  the  olM!*e«  And  splendid  quftlttf 
of  it*  ttUf^p.  On  I  he  motiniMnii  and  higher  ]i«ndi  ti*e  merino  »t]))  |>rv<iotiiti)Mtf ; 
but  on  the  riclier  low  Ivinj;  ratiiEr«,  hilU,  Mnd  plaiita  ibe  prtrTailing  tjpe*  ure  croei«a 
between  tlie  merino  and  Leicester,  Lini-ohi«  Komnej  Marah,  and  otber  brveda.  In 
proof  of  ihp  iiiperior  <<}iAmcl<«'r  of  the  Hock*,  piulnrA^et  und  climaiic  condjiionfl  vo 
the  Midd1l«  Idliiud,  tlie  foHoMrinii;  pttrc^fniai^ea  of  latnbing  return*  are  qtiot^d — tUeie 
are  **  fnir  nrenige  retuntA,  b«it  much  higlii(*r  might  hare  been  eibibiied  **  i  Muunkain 
OPiliTe  pnsiure — pure  merino,  73*36;  ptire  merioo  and  Bonder  Leio«^er»  8S^: 
Kn^li«h*gra8«  ptintufe- — cfo«»brod  and  Itorder  L^iceiiipri,  80  8;  hatf-bred  Border 
L«it.M*fler,  82'75* ;  Bnrder  LeH'ester,  90'77  ;  Lincnhn  8>*  08  ;  Romney  Marvb,  IU4€; 
Engh!*h  Leicester,  Q^ifll;  Sliropslfcire,  97"4l  j  Soutbdo^na.  %  87.  Ii  mitat  be  hnma 
in  mind  that  tbe  fl^ick*  and  lierda  are  supported  bj  the  natural  sjid  i^rti&ria!  pM* 
turea  witfiout  boUHlng, 

Owiingto  tlie  derelopmrnt  of  tlie  frozen-inent  trade  a  great  impel  tie  baa  been 
giren  to  niieep-breeding*  The  bulk  of  ihe  pr^meat  nirafc  eiport4*d  from  the  eolonj 
ia  iU|iplicd  bj  (hia  dii^iriet.  wiih  Miirlhornugli,  and  conimaMda  the  )u|ehe«t  prirt 
in  the  U>ndi>n  iniirlela.  J  he  froj^en  nfeiit  eipurird  from  Canlerbur?  during  tlte 
jear  ended  31al  Mttreb^  lOOB,  waa  ratueil  nt  £1J4^'>,94$,  bei*»de4  wbtcK  Urf» 
qiiitiaiiiea  of  preaerved  meat«,  tuitat^r,  nmBure,  nratefoot  oil,  oteo,  &c,»  vera 
produioi. 

At  Belfast.  Fnirlield  (near  A  ah  burton),  lalini^ron,  TtmarUi  and  Pareora  ffe«tini[(' 
works  are  eatttbKobed^  ettch  contMidng  a  ooinplete  pinnt  for  carr\itig  on  ihe  m- 
du^lr}',  a*  ivi'll  ui*  deprtrlmenia  for  enririg,  preeerfing,  boiUttg-ilf»wi^,  tallov-mi* 
deriiigt  fellmOMgrring,  mid  ilie  manufacture  of  manurfi.  The  Ciinterburr  Ff-ietl 
Meat  niii]  n»iry  t'rodnee  Export  CoinfiHiij  (Limited)  owna  the  BelfiMt  Fre«^xitig- 
worka*  with  iiorncfe  for  90,0  Ml  enn-naeM,  Hiid  a  duilf  cwpiu-ilj  of  5*500  caTX»*e«i 
the  b^nirGeld  Workd  fne^r  A»hburtoti)^  with  t^toiaife  for  65,iKK)  carrajie^^  and  a  dailj 
cn\tnci\y  of  4.5(HI  *<ur(tiara;  and  the  Pareont  WVirka  (near  Timarvi)»  which  bare 
atoniiie  for  lOO^OUO  cnrcmses,  and  c*n  ded  wiili  5,00-»  in  a  day.  The  worka  hurt 
enginea  repre»enliiig  BstihUori^Q  power,  and  emphij  71^  men  wKeti  in  full  work. 
The  Uhii|{t^M  nnd  iinntrii  work^,  wbioh  are  ownrd  bj  the  Cbri^tchurfb  Meat 
Companj*  ein|»U)j  in  all  about  700  men,  and  have  eoginra  repreaeiiting  403diona 
power.  Tlie  former  ritn  }m\  throngli  8,0Qi»  cHJN*iifie»  per  diem,  nnd  linf^e  alorage  for 
140,0tK>  CMrniaet  Tlie  Utter  con  deal  with  6,000  rnrca^ea  in  ii  da^f»  and  bara 
ftomgc  for  12<>,00n  mrcaae*.  At  llor»ibf  tliere  lii«a  been  ealab)ii>bed  br  il 
Nelmin  Broilter*  (Limiieil)  a  weM-^'qniiipi'd  fuctorj  for  frrexing  onljr,  wuh 
of  300  hone  power,  and  h.  c&^mthy  of  deiiiing  with  l,0(Xi  aherp  per  diem.  'l!bi 
faet-orj  boa  atorago-rootn  for  50,OUO  a  beep,  but  la  not  now  iu  opermlton. 


Wool, 


i 


During  the  year  ended  Slat  Bf  Hrcb.  ITlQf*,  Hiere  were  abipped  at  lirttr-lton  and 
Ximttry  3H,441J93  tb.  wool,  valued  at  £l,t)0  \950  ;  and  to  ihi»  mutt  be  added  th« 
amount  bonght  ffir  ttiannfiiHiire  hy  the  wi>Dll«n- mills  in  llie  district.  The  KaiBfMit 
Wotilk'o  Mnnuroclnring  Con.punjf  (LIniiied)  owiia  lurgn  wool1en*n  ilta  at  Kaiapoir 
and  ulnihing  fnt-toriea  ttt  Cliristi-liurcli.  Theae  tire  Oiled  wi(b  modern  nriaotdnerjr 
and  appl  nntrrB,  atid  iho  comprtiij'tf  producra  liiire  obtamed  a  cnnatderable  repit* 
tntion.  The  cfimpiiTij  etnpluva  about  1*00  humU,  and  ii"6i  ab<^ut  l,2.>0,0U0lb. 
of  woo!  and  5/MJO  pounds'  worth  of  other  oolunial  produeta  in  a  Tear,  Th* 
staple  of  the  New  ZeMbunl  viool,  e^-pfH^inllj  the  long  wool  and  criit^t-hrpd,  ii 
remarkable  for  ita  frecdon  frotn  brttik«  uud  ot'ier  i^tiifterfectinna.  llie  avenga 
olipa  are  approxinmtelj  a*  followi  :  Merino,  4  lb.  1o  7  lb.  j  qmirfer-bre^lt,  6|  tb. ; 
hulfbred*,  7i  lb,  ;  tliree-quiirterfl,  Hi^lh.  j  Lou  eaiera,  lOJlb.  j  Linwln,  11  lb,  Ffom 
ipeciaJ  dock  a  clip  a  up  to  'iS  lb,  ai\d  '6\}\b.  ^t«  Q\3kWvvv«^. 


THE  CANTBBBUKY    LAND   DI8TK1CT. 


7ia 


^ 


Butter  and  Cheese. 

BMTiks  Ppnin Pitta  mndl  IW  rich  tracti  of  countrj  prcTiou*]y  mentioned  are 
^xcenenllj  0111  ted  for  dftiry  fiirmjiifj.  Tlie  piisMirage  mid  clmiftiic  c€»Tidi(ion§  are 
farouruhle,  and  a  gr<^»t  inerena«  in  (lit*  prmlyrtiuti  of  buiter  Hiid  clici'i^t?  inajr  b« 
looketi  f#r^  mure  fi-peciallj  jm  IiaiisiH^  and  hinid'l'e**diiitg  ar«»  iti  toine  ditiiriulfl  uu- 
ne*'e8**arj.  A  rentnil  co-opfnitive  dnirj  fm-lorv  Ijai  bei^ti  PsJablielied  ^it  Adfitigton, 
•«»m'«d  by  twclri*  rrpBTn*'ne*,  nininle  nt  Mnrifildiintlfl.  Oufo^fd,  Ual»wr1L  SprJn|TEilon, 
Dn>leet<m,  Lhtle  Rkrr,  I^idbrmikft,  LMkerndf,  Kninpoi,  Or«N?n  Park,  Britok-idp,  and 
ikiitiburicinp  »»a('h  rapiible  of  dealing  with  I  lie  milk  of  1.0(K"»  cows.  Thrre  art?  ilfso 
very  eofn^tlele  dairj  fsHorieB  nl  iKitnpit.  Sefton,  Cheviot,  Tinmru,  Ti*mukii,  Sotilh- 
brcx)h,  Hellaaf.  linwHkl.ttnd  I.e  Bon'»  Bwj*  ft»  w*  11  m*  d>et»e*  fur  rone*  at  FlcTiiini;»OD 
and  Germiin  Bftj,  The  nuTTiHeT  of  clierse  and  bii'tir  ructories  in  iho  d'strict  in 
]£>04  irii>  17,  and  of  crtfameriei  40;  the  output  of  buU-er  and  clteeM  amounted  io 
8,9J3,440Ib. 

Timber. 

Tlie«iifmillinefndij!itrj  fiodtit*  development  elvieHy  in  (lieOiford,  Little  River, 
Mount  Somen*  and  Waimate  dtsirielB.  Tlie  number  of  miil»  in  Canterbnrj  in  1901 
wa*  eigliU*'n,  «*ini;iloytnp  2f>i>  Imiuld,  llie  liori*e  powi*r  being  317.  The  ouipiit  in 
1900  wa#  4Jl4,9all  ft,,  valued  at  £22,277>  Tlie  number  ■■,  tiowpver.  diminishing 
0win|(  to  the  wurkiniE'Out  of  the  aruduMe  timber.  The  timtx-r  L'timprii-ea  birth,, 
totara,  red  and  whit«  pi»t«.  the  timt'^  named  b  n^ed  cUiellj  fur  flee  pers  and  feiicing, 
the  lutMni  and  pirae  for  biiiidini;  piirpoMest.  Inrlnding  t^io  work  doite  by  the  planinf 
and  mouldini;  mUU  the  ralue  of  all  the  tnanur«ictureB  urid«r  this  bead  wad  £-l>n,8t}6. 


Fr»it. 


r. 

I  tri 


Ttie  district  i»  eminently  adapt^id  for  the  growrl-U  of  a  large  variety  of  friiiUi 
etpecially  all  that  flourbh  in  Great  Brila^in.  Atteiilion  hafl  rfueidly  be«'n  directed 
to  landing  BiippheK  of  fruit  in  London  ;  tlif  attempts  an  far  Imve  proved  tatiefactory | 
and  point  to  the  posiiibility  of  a  lar^e  trade  being  ei'tabliftlied. 


CoaL 


Brown  eoal  i»  found  at  the  Malvern  Hilb,  Homebuih»  Wtntet'liffs,  8prtngfie1d| 
Ifount  So  inert,  Albury,  and  varioui  otlier  phieei,  Liprniie  is  alt^o  rommonly  dit- 
tributed.  For  the  yeiir  19(J4,  the  outptjt  from  15  vollierie«t  employing  about  70 
band*,  was  25,120  ton».  briiiginjs  the  total  amount  raided   from  2i»  colheriei  up  to 

[  the  31st  Dreeniber,  1904,  to  478,233  tons.  The  ieams  vrorkf*d  rary  from  16  ft.  to 
2ft.  Sin,,  ihe  avfrnge  wilth  betnir  B  ft.     At  Aelieront  near  Laki^  Coleridge,  a  true 

^^aotbriieito  it  fouod,  the  other  pita  iu  the  dL«tfict  being  of  browo  coal  or  lignite. 

^^P  Buildinff-Mtom^. 

I  The   building-stones   of   Canterbury   comprise   lome   cicellent  rarietiet.     The 

BalHwrll  qiinrriet  prcHtlnre  an  eiceedingly  Imnl  and  rl»«#e'|iE rained  'tonw  of  a  dull 
leaden-gr^y  rotour^  Orannlar  tmfhyl««  are  obtained  from  Governor  ■  Bay,  Lyitel- 
ton  ;  porphyrilei  at  Malvern  IIill«^  good  hmeT^tone  nt  Makern  Hilb,  Waikari, 
Mount  Somers,  and  various  other  place*;  bluetione  roik  i*  foui>d  at  Tiinarn  euit- 
able  for  milbtoneit.  There  is  Hbundaiu-e  of  time«ione  in  North  Canterbury,  Mount 
8omer»,  Caaile  Hdl,  and  rarioui  other  parts,  which  ie  well  adapted  for  making 
lime. 

Fish^riiM. 

Deep-eea  flBhtng  it  carried  on  from  Ljttelton  and  Akaroa,  the  kinde  of  flih 
ehiefly  ciiUK)it  being  gi-oper  (hapuku),  hnp,  longiT-eels,  moki^  botterfielH  bairacouta, 
•olei,  wttiiiiig,  rHd.rM>d,  hrrring^,  and  giirGsh.  From  Lake  J£lleiinere  and  the  nver 
eAtuaricfl  eiiellent  Qonndern  are  ohtained. 

Trout  thrive  amanngly  in  the  rirera  and  fresh- water  lakea^  aibrding  exceU«Dl 
•port. 


I 


714 


KIW    SBALAND   OFPXCEAL    TEAK-BOOS. 


Exctyding  minM  and  qumrries,  the  totnl  number  of  nmnufactorie*  in  Csnier 
burj  ftt,  the  dttU  of  tlie  oan«a«  in  1901  woa  64d,  flmpb/ing  7|050  miilM  sad  2,7S4 

Itictuded  in  the  ftbore  were  85  pnntifig,  10  ftgrtcutrural-implenient«  26  ctmch 
building  and  painting,  29  fellmongertngf  laDning^  ourrjingf  and  wo<4H»courtng 
MUbliaiimenU,  5  udl  and  oilshiii  frtctofieri,  27  hoot  and  shoe  factorieei,  7  rop«  and 
twine  worko',  8  flaX'milJe,  4  boihni2;>diJWn,  meat-preverrinurt  and  frrexir.n  worli, 
10  bacon-curing  works,  17  cheese  and  butter  facioriea,  23  grain-milU,  ^  qHuM* 
cutting  and  gi-a«8  seeded  renting  wark«>  16  breweries,  10  malt  house»»  27  aeratrd 
wmtere  tind  oordial  works,  4  sauce  and  pieite  making  factories,  6  soap  and  candle 
works,  Id  eawiraitls  and  sash -tttid* door  factories,  ft  fraaworks^  20  briok,  tile»  and 
potterj  marturiictories,  14  iron  and  braas  foundries^  25  cjcJe- works,  20  fumitore^ 
laotoricfl,  Mnd  H  engineer! ne-worki> 

The  census  returns  also  showed  that  in  1900  the  value  of  land,  machinery, 
and  buildings  used  for  Uctorj  purposes  was  £l,48il,096,  and  the  total  ralue  of 
manufactures  £4,701,304. 

Educaiionai  iMtiiiuiioHM. 

Primarj  Scboole. — The  district  is  divided  into  two  parte,  termed  Iforth  and 
South  Conierburr,  eaeh  presided  orer  bj  an  Educational  Board.  Under  the  control 
of  tlie  ficmrd^^  s«iio<7ls  tiare  been  estabhshed  throughout  the  whole  oountrjr  whererer 
population  wtirraiiU  their  erection, 

Tl»e  nu<*ib«-r  of  children  attending  the  public  primary  schools  in  Canterburj 
on  Slst  March,  l^OB,  «&»  24,648.  Arrrage  duil/  aitt-ndance,  21,JI29.  Number  of 
teachers — males,  251  j  f^'mitle*,  420  :   tolal,  67 L     Number  of  tchools,  294. 

There  is  a  Normal  Scltool  at  Christ^^^hurch  for  the  trainitig  of  teachers. 

Seoondarj^  Education. — For  the  furl  her  education  of  children  ample  promioa 
hM  been  made  b J  the  ef^tublishment  of  secondMrj  acliooU,  The  pruhifittj  schoole 
af  this  daei  are  the  Bojt*  and  Oirls'  High  Schoole  at  Chritk'hurcli,  Rangiora,  Atb* 
burton,  and  Timaiu.  For  more  adrniiced  students  Canterburj  College,  Chrisb- 
oburch,  is  arailable.  This  instil ui ion  was  founded  end  endowed  by  the  Provincisl 
GoTeriiment  in  1873,  and  is  preiiided  over  by  a  Botird  of  Oorrrnors.  The  teaching 
stutf  ciitii|»risfft  tweUtt  profe»»4»r»and  leclureni|  and  the  number  of  student*  atlenditig 
lecttires  is  277*  The  School  of  Eng  neering»  Electricilj,  and  Trchuicul  Science, 
ret^nllj  establiihed  aa  a  spm»l  bratich  of  the  college^  is  well  equipped,  and  it 
atleTtdt^d  bj  a  large  nuii:her  of  students*  The  School  of  Art  is  also  a  special  br&r,ch 
of  the  college  work,  und  the  pofjiilantj  of  both  these  braochoA  has  been  met  bj  the 
reemt  ereciion  of  cottsidernble  addiuotii  to  the  budding  accomniodntion. 

It  should  be  recorded  here  that  the  Provincial  Government  of  Canterburj  wae 
fully  ahve  to  its  dnties  its  refrnrds  higher  education.      ]t  made  reeervee  for   the 

Surpose  of  endowment  for  the  following  objects  :  (I)  Oillepe,  101 ,6MJ  acres,  referred 
utitf,  1H73  I  (2)  lechnicai  science,  1U3,(HA«  acres,  reserved  Julj,  1873;  (3)  School  of 
Agriculiure,  100,950  acres,  re«ierved  June,  1873$  (4)  Bojts'  High  Bchoul,  9,220 
acres,  re!*^erved  at  variuus  dates ;  (5)  Classical  Schooh  *^,y53  acres,  reserred  at 
fario us  dates.  To  theite  were  suh»e<|iienilj  added  the  following:  (6)  Girls'  High 
School,  2,&78aiTes,  reserred  January,  1875 1  (7)  Medical  School,  5,000  acres,  reeerrrd 
December,  1877. 

Te€linii*iil  education  it  provided  for  bj  the  schools  of  engineering  and  art  ia 
connection  with  Catiterbnrj  CulteKe,  a  leclimcid  atid  continuulion  scliool  under 
the  rontrMi  of  a  locul  Botird  of  Matiegement  suba^idised  bj  the  GoTeminent  a^  d 
local  bodies,  and  a  school  of  domestio  instruction,  aUo  cunirolle<l  by  a  local  Board 
of  Matm|;enient. 

Private  Schools.— Tli ere  are  numerous  private  schools,  iodependent  of  theStat«, 
the  chief  amongst  them  being  Chrisi'H  Col  Lege,  Christchurch,  connected  with  the 
Church  of  Engliind.  Tl^e  Koman  Catholics  support  sctiools  of  their  own  io 
Chri»ichurrh,  Flet«»ant  Point,  Ljflelton,  Tinmru,  Addini^ion,  Papanui,  Ashburtoo, 
Akaroa,  Han)(iora,  Sluflield,  Temuka,  Leerton,  mid  Waiiottte.  ihere  are  bevides, 
iu  Chrii^rehuruh*  soine  eieeheni  pnvHte  bonrding  mnd  day  scIjooIs  for  both  boy »  and 
giri»0  and  two  good  commercud  trainrnj^ iv:Uw)\i« 


TBB   OANTBRBUHY    LAND   DISTRICT. 


716 


Other  InttUMiiomi, 

Oanterburj  hu  tho  advanUgeof  poi8«>8#irie  mtknj  flotirishiTig  public  inAtitiittoni. 
The  School  of  Art,  Chri«1  church,  wii»  c^fuhlisUni  hj  the  Coll^^e  QoY^mon  in  1882  i 
the  Art  Gallery  owea  Ha  origin  to  tli*  Art  Sotierj^  the  iit«  being  the  gift  of  th« 
Gofemmrtit.  The  Cunti-rbiirf  Agrtoilt>iral  College,  Lincoln,  alto  founded  by  th« 
College  Oorernori,  i»  iurround*»d  by  660  acre*  of  land.  The  eommodioyB  buildingB, 
whieh  ecmi  over  ^20,(KKI,  proTide  accotTinnKitttion  for  the  Director  and  t^^rhinfr-irBfTi 
and  for  fortj-five  stu-ierrls.  The  feei  aw  oti  ti  low  Bcnle,  The  farm  buildirifrt  are 
OOtnpletef  and  indude  a  well'equipi»*»d  dftirj.  Instruction  ia  given  in  agriculture, 
obami^trf ,.  hot  ant,  meelmnic*.  plsyf*ifs,  iurTfjinj;.  &c. 

The  Public  Library,  ChriiU'linrrh,  under  the  control  of  the  College  Governor*, 
oontaint  reading* rooms,  a  circulating  library  of  22,855  bnf^kt,  and  a  referenc* 
librarj  of  16,71U  volumes.  One  hundred  and  thirtj-j*ix  majrnzii^eB  and  news- 
ptipfrs  are  prorid^^.  The  number  of  sub«c*riberis  ie  1.94>7,  and  rhe  aicerage  dailj 
Attendance  over  l.CMX).  There  is  aUo  a  ipncious  free  reading>r>om,  60ft,  by  36 ft,, 
wlnoh  11  Bupplit)d  with  liS  Englith,  American,  and  colonial  newspapera  and 
periodicals 

The  M uaeiiuj,  Ch rial  church,  is  a  hand io me  pile  of  utone  btiildingi  j  Ih©  colleo- 
tiona  are  Large  and  varied.  They  are  separated  into  twogruupa:  (I)  Those  from 
New  Zealand  i  (2)  those  from  foreign  countriea.  In  the  New  Zealand  depHriment 
the  skeleton  a  of  whalei  and  mo^t^,  tMt  well  a»  the  col  I  eel  ion  a  of  »hells  (rertmry  and 
fossils)  and  rocks,  are  afieiially  good  ;  and  the  M^tori  collection,  eihibited  in  a  MmoH 
bouse^  is  al^o  of  considerable  inter*-8t.  In  the  foreign  departfnent,  the  geologic-ai, 
mineralogical,  and  elhnological  collections  are  tlie  most  exteneiiv,  but  there  ie  aW  a 
good  il  I  UBtTHtive  series  of  Kgjplian  and  Roman  antiquities,  aa  well  as  of  tbe  remains 
of  prehistoric  man  in  Europ«^  and  America 

This  inatttuLion  owea  its  origin  and  auccesa  to  the  foresiirht,  skill,  and  energy 
of  tbe  late  Sir  Juliut  ?oq  llaasb,  and  to  the  muntfloence  of  tbe  FrovinciaJ 
Qorerninent. 

The  philanthropic  in§Miutione  embrace  tha  Christchurfh,  Akaroa^  AfihhiirioD^ 
Timaru,  and  Waimate  Hospitals ;  the  Sunnyside  Mental  Ho.apvtal  ;  the  Rhodes 
Convaleteeiit  Home  j  the  Memorial  Home  for  the  Aee4  at  Viool-ton;  the  City 
Uisaion  and  Destitute  Mfu's  Home,  Christi-'hurch;  tlie  De&randDumb  Asylyin 
at  Sumner  \  the  Orphanage,  Svdrnhain  [  the  Induitrial  School  at  Burnham  ;  and  (be 
Mount  Magdalft  Atyluin,  SamariUin  Home,  and  St.  Mary's  Home,  in  tbe  vicmity  of 
CUristchurch. 

Ohristchurch,  the  capital  city  of  the  Canterbury  Distriet,  is  situated  on  tbe 
plains.  It  ia  practically  level,  the  orig^tnal  portion  of  the  city  being  laid  out  in 
rectangular  form,  two  ii>iles  hy  one  mile  and  a  quarter,  and  intersected  diagonally 
by  a  street.  All  the  princi|Mil  streets  are  66  ft.  in  width.  There  are  numerous  oj»eo 
•parea,  inchidling  the  Cutiiedral  Square  in  ibe  centre,  and  Cranmer  and  Latimer 
Squares.  The  A  rem,  a  pretty  strt'am,  overhung  by  willows,  runs  through  tl»e  town, 
pri*»enting  from  all  points  cliarming  vistas.  The  city  it  surprisingly  English  In  its 
appeai^nce,  arcbitecture^  and  surroundingft.  The  central  portion,  where  atanda  the 
Cathedral,  Oovenimmt  officea,  and  other  snbstantial  structures,  has  a  handsome, 
well' built  took.  Other  ptirts  contain  fine  puhMc  buildings^  such  as  the  Museum, 
Canterbury  College,  High  Schools,  &c.  The  whule  ia  admirably  Sft  off  by  Hagley 
Park,  400  acres  in  extent,  the  Domain  and  Botanical  Gardens,  79  acres,  Lancastar 
Park,  the  Town  Belts,  and  other  public  and  private  gardens  and  plantatioiit.  The 
tuburbs  can  show  muny  handsome  hounes  and  beautifully  kept  gronndi. 

On  the  let  April,  1903,  tlie  Huhurbs  of  Sydetdiam,  Lin  wood,  and  8t.  Albans 
were  amalgamated  with  the  original  city  proper  int4>  what  is  known  as  '*  Greater 
Chrii-tchurch,"  now  com|>ri9ing  a  toT^i!  populalion  of  about  5*»,0i'0.  Iticbiding  tbe 
adjacent  Boroughs  of  Wyolst^n  and  New  Brighion,  and  other  euburbun  a  reus, 
the  total  pitpulation  amounled  to  about  fi8,CMX)  at  the  time  of  the  cetisui 
in  l9o6.  Trmnways  connect  the  centre  of  the  city  with  the  outljing  areas  of 
LddiiigtoQt  dydeobam,  ibe  Port  Hdls,  and  Papanuit  and  with  the  seaside  villagei 


of  New  Brighton  ani  Sumner,  Tl*e  eifcj  hai  been  drained  at  oongiderftble  ©ipeti«e, 
tha  wwAge  b^ing  cont-^yed  ihrins  niilfs  aitd  dL»charged  on  the  *mud  wtuie*  iittr 
th©  fen.  A  pur«  and  i-o|hou»  water  iiipplr  h«»  been  providod  by  tint  tire,  nod  ii 
obl  Hilled  bj  artesian  well^*.  For  the  purpa^e^  of  mitnicipal  government  I  be  eilj  i| 
divided  inio  four  wurd^  &rid  its  alHirs  an»  cHJtitroll<KJ  b;  tl<o  City  Counetl,  presided 
OTfi'r  hj  fbe  Mnjor.  Utiriffetmrrh  t»  ibe  centra  of  trmile  nfid  couimerte  for  Uii 
Norlli  Canterbury  agneukural  And  piiAlort^l  eounlrj,  and  the  hcmdquwrtcr*  of  inanj 
maiiuFacturiTig  industries,  infhtdiu|(  earrings,  boot  i»nd  cloihing  fact< trie*,  i run  ftod 
bra«t  fotiiidrie'i,  Hgrtcii.hunil-irnpl"m«nt  work*,  fellmongering,  taniiiiiir,  ai^d  wooU 
toouring  work^,  flour- miliar  breweries^  meat  preierTini;  and  freKzing^  bi«cuitt  plaiiiflf 
and  tnouldiiig,  biojrde,  briek  uitd  puLlerj.  60«»p  and  eandk,  and  other  worka^ 

Tht^re  are  Ijoirge  and  well -equipped  a^r»cuhiirtl  and  paAtoml  sbow-groand«  it 
Addirigton,  where  a  fine  and  itnx'eitciul  pIiow  u  hAd  evert  year. 

Recreaiiwn  and  auuneineiil  are  provided  fi»r  bj  Ui»  M»»je?tj*«  Theatre,  Theatre 
BoTttl,  Opera  llouee,  iind  varioue  piiblk'  Imllt,  the  faniou»  Kicirarion  ractfeoti nr,  tbt 
nnnkeroii»  ericliet  aftd  football  gruunds,  &e,,  while  boating  oien  have  the  Rjrer 
Avon  and  the  lJe»tbcore  faluarT. 

Clirisi church  id  conn©ct<»d  with  the  out»ide  world  bj  Port  Lvttelton,  teven  milai 
diitnnt.  The  railway-lnniiel  of  ]|  niilet  in  lengtlt,  tlirougli  the  Port  UiUa,  u  ga 
Ibis  tine.  Chrii^tchiircb  I*  nut  only  the  ct^ntre  of  the  splendid  Canterbury  Plaint^ 
bub  i A  also  one  of  1  he  chief  rail^^ny  r^entret  of  the  colony.  Addington  tailwaj- 
worki'liopi  are  extentiTe  and  fullj  equipped. 

Lvrtelton,  ihe  ditef  port  of  Lht*  dinrriot,  is  situated  on  the  northern  tboret  of 
the  it  Act.  of  lliat  name,  pomeiimcs  culled  Port  Coopof-  The  surrounding  country 
consisrs  ot  high  precipitous  bills,  which  s^pnrare  the  harbour  from  Chrii»tchrireh  and 
the  plains  i  but  by  the  t^nstrurtion  of  rhe  milwnj  nnd  ttin»»el  the  nuiunU  dilli* 
cuhiew  have  be^^n  overcome,  with  the  result  that  Oi^  wholeof  ihe  imports  aitd  rX(Oft« 
of  nort]»ern  and  cenirol  Canterbnrr  paiMi  through  Lyttelttin*  The  originatinn  and 
ac(x>nipli^hment  of  this  great  engineeritig  work  in  due  to  the  late  William  Sefton 
Moorliuuai%  at  that  Lime  8upt*riiapud4*nt  of  the  Province.  The  natural  advAntagei 
of  tlie  port  Imve  been  enhanced  by  rt'diiuiiiiion  and  harbour- works,  which  indudt 
two  brenkwaiers,  2,010  ft,  atnl  l,4<*t(  ft.  in  length  ret*pecriFelT,  (extending  from  Ofliov 
and  Nayai  Foinl!«,  enehwing  abont  107  acres  j  long  l«rng»h*  of  wharr-act^ommodaliMv 
10,041  ft'. ;  a  patent  t!<!ip  for  shipf  up  to  4JJ0  lonn  ;  and  h  splendid  gruvtng  dot-k  45(*  (1 
long,  width  on  top  and  but  lorn  H2  ft.  and  4f>  ft.  respectivelj,  the  entranre  bring  B:i  H. 
wide,  well  equipped  with  uiarhuaerj-  an^l  aFl  requisites  for  rejiairs.  Shipt  dniwing 
up  to  2b  ft.  can  b^rth  alongside  I  lie  spai'ioiis  wli»rve»  and  ihedf.  The  railwaf» 
elei'trie- lights  nnwhinerj,  and  appliHUces  are  arailuble  throu|>hout,  which  nendcft 
Wdingand  unluadtng  pmcticable  both  bv  djij  and  bj  night.  As  an  indication  of  ths 
volume  of  trade  denit  with  at  the  port^  it  uny  be  noicd  that  for  the  jrar  ended 
a  I  si  Mardi,  1006,  the  imports  were  v.ilued  at  £2,142,928  and  the  exports  at 
£2tb82,4^ii.  The  tovmi  is  built  on  tbe  side  of  the  m-.tge,  the  streets  being  gcnetmllj 
iteep,  Hanked  by  solid!  i>toni^  buiMings;  and  a  bnckgnjund  of  grren  spurs  atid  bold 
rookjr  fsces  gif ea  complet'-ness  to  tfit^  whole  Jtppertrj*n«e.  The  wnier  supplv  it  obtnined 
from  artesian  wgILs  on  the  Christchiirch  side  of  the  hills.  To  Christchurch  tlivrs 
ii  a  b rid Ir- track  over  the  range*  and  a  carriage- rLJiul  ri'i  Sumner,  The  harbour  is 
well  defended  by  fortifications  and  batteries  on  Ripa  Island  and  the  mainUod.  TLs 
population  is  about  4.000  persons, 

1  iinnrn,  the  third  (own  in  iri>pnHanoe,  is  situated  Oti  the  ooast  and  tatlwavlios 
between  Chrisi church  ( 10<>  miles)  and  Dunedin  (131  inilps).  It  hasa  w<?lloon*tnjcted 
arittirittl  harbourj  the  port  of  shipnimt  fur  the  agrirullural  and  pafltom]  di<»tiirt*w! 
GcrHldincTinmru,  and  WninmtJj.  The  Jmrhour  is  enclosed  bj  s  brrnkwHier  built  of 
blorksuf  cuncreie;  a  rubblf  wali— tfie  North  Mule — stJirts  from  the  shore  a  qu&rt4*rtif 
a  mile  awny  to  the  norMi»  and  eitends  enAfrly  to  a  point -Sofi  ft.  from  the  bresk- 
water.  The  enclosed  spMce  is  60  acres.  During  < he  jeur  ended  Slst  March,  10<»6*  1^9 
y*ilue  of  goods  in^jiorted  here  wu*  £2»3,L'23  aiid'of  pr  duce  eiported  £l»t  57035, 
The  t<)wii  is  situated  on  rolling  hills  o«erh*oking  the  sea,  Tlie  streeU  a^a 
trregular,  but  the  public  and  conimercirtl  huiMittg*,  cimrchfs,  and  private  iiousei 
are  gcnoniU/  well  and  haiidsotnely  built  of  stoort.     The  chief  induatriea  Are 


THK  OAWTBSBOBY  tiAUD   DISTRICT, 


717 


ting,  gawmiTHniri  floyr<milIir>|E:,  Stc.  Ttie  town  li&i  a  ^ooH  hie1i'Dre<i»(iriB  wAt4*T- 
■yppH,  Miiti  i»  cuiuit<cr«c1  by  wfll-irmde  roadi  with  the  eurr<Hi(idiinir  di-'iriciA,  mid  bj 
rftil  witli  Fmrlie,  the  mute  lo  tli©  Mi&cketiKie  Country  and  AWunt  Cuok.  The  popu* 
laiion  ii  Hbout  7,*>5'J  p^'non*. 

Of  oiher  i4>«vna  in  CaMterhury  the  following  d©»er*e  metition  :  Eart^iora,  |K>pu- 
Utioni  1,75'^  persons,  twenlj  mile*  from  Chmlchurrh  by  ni>rthern  line  of 
r&ilwAT*  i«  ^itimred  in  the  centre  of  &  line  farming  countrj,  and  pnwesaca  inanu« 
factortf9,  imludinie  lliiK^milli,  flour-mill,  and  brewer j.  Th«  town  and  neigbbour- 
hood  lire  much  bt-nefiteH  bj  plaritnlioTiJi. 

Kmapoi,  on  tl*e  Wttirn*kariri,  population  1,800,  about  fourteen  mil*»i  from 
ChHst^hureb  hy  the  northern  raU  way -line,  he«  in  a  rich  fEirmlng  eountrr,  rendered 
pleasing  and  altractire  by  the  ext.ent  and  Tariety  of  platitAtiooi  and  gnrdent, 
Tliere  are  faetoriea  and  VMrions  indu^triea^  inclndtnp;  hum  and  bacon  curinif^  raw- 
mills,  brewer  J,  and  agricuLruraMmiileinent  worki.  II  ere  alio  I  a  the  famed  Kutapoi 
WooUi*n-mill,  which  emphiys  600  hand*  wht*n  trade  is  brisk.  The  Waimakariri  it 
narigable  for  small  resneli  t4>  the  centre  of  the  tnwn. 

^bIi burton,  the  ni^we^i  of  the  towns,  has  a  population  of  2,^0'^i  and  is  fifty-three 
miles  from  thrift  church  on  the  soutliem  trunk  line.  It  is  a  well^binlt  lown^  with 
•ilenBlTe  and  beautirul  recreation  grounds  and  gurdens.  It  owes  iU  exi^ience  to 
the  settlement  of  the  plains,  the  imrrounding  eounrry  being  well  adapted  for 
farmtnK«  There  are  ineiif*freeiing  work«,  a  cordial- factory,  flour-milU,  gasworka, 
ironworks,  woollen- mil  I,  brirkworkji,  &t\ 

I  Qerahiins*,  popnUtion  95  *,  is  situatf'd  on  the  Wnihi   Hirer,   four   miles  from 

Orari  Rail waj'fttation,  about  eight  y>six  miles  son Ih'weat  from  Ch rid tchurt^h.     It  is  a 

,  Deat  and   pretty  town,  in  a   fint*rr|iaas  farming  district,  and  has  a  beautiful  park  of 

natife  forest-trfes« 

Temuka,  et|rhtj'nine  miles  from  Clmst^hurch,  on  the  tout  hem  rail  way 'line,  is 

j  a  weil-built  town,  with  good  agrii-uUnrHl   land  till  round.     It  possesses  llour-milli, 

I  a  butter  and  cheese  fuctorr,  brewery,  foundry,  and  feUmongery.     There  is  a  beauti* 

I  ful  park  Hnd  domain.     The  popiilutio'>  of  the  ttoroiigh  is  1.700  persons. 

I  Waimat-^*,  poptjlation  about   I.t^OO,  ii  iituattfd   on  the  Waihao  Forks  Hail  way, 

about  four  iniles  from  ^tndholme  Junction,  oirer  a  hundred  miles*  from  buth  Cliri»t.- 
church  and  Dun(*diiu  Thin  town  is  the  centre  for  an  eit*ii«ire  bHckcountry,  and 
a  splendid  agricultural  area.  It  ow^s  its  origin  to  the  sawmill  industry  of  the  Wai- 
male  busb,      InduMri'^s:  sawmillnig,  (luitr-niilling,  &c. 

Akaroa,  |>npnl>itiori  &60,  sitnuted  on  the  uohits  harbour  of  Ihat  name,  wat 
fountied  in  1840,  in  the  firnt  iustance  by  tlie  Krencii.  It  is  a  quiet,  pictnres^qne  little 
plhce,  much  patronised  by  Christ^hurch  reMdents  and  others  us  a  snnmirr  resort 
and  wiit«'rin|r'plui>e.  Il  wna  here  thnt  Captutn  Slnnlev  hi^isted  the  Brilii^h  lleig  on 
11th  AuguM,  1H40,  when  he   t<K>k  po*<se*sion  of  live  Middle'  IsUnd  on  hcbalfof  the 

^^     Crown,  forest ulling  the  French  by  a  few  hours  only.     A  auitable  obelisk  oouunemO' 

^B    ratting  this  event  hu  beoti  erected  on  the  spot. 

r 


THE  OTAGO  LAND  DISTRICT. 

David  BailboKp  Commissioner  of  Crown  Lands  and  Chief  Surfoyor. 

Botirtdarigg  and  Area* 

The  Otago  Land  Dittrirt  lies  betwre<^n  the  44th  and  47th  parallels  of  south  tati- 
tiide,  antl  exirnds  from  167**  20'  to  17 1'^  lu' of  eaiit  lungiiude*  It  is  boundet^  on  the 
Dortl>  by  the  Canterbury  Land  Oi^inct ;  on  the  sunt  h'^east.  and  stiuth  by  il>e  ocean  j 
on  the  wept  Hndj  pomiIi  by  the  Weiikaiva,  Mokoreta,  SlopedowTi.  Waikaka,  Chntton, 
Wendan,  Wftik«ia,  Gap,  Rocky  side,  and  Knigj-torfc  Survey  ]>ifitrici0.  the  western  and 
touihern  shtires  of  Lnke  Wjibtupu,  to  oppool-e  Kutind  Fciik.!! ;  the»  ce  by  ttoulhern 
wat«re)«ed  of  the  Ore<*n*ione,  Jlulhford,  and  John  o'  Grout*  Rtvers  to  the  oceatf  at 
Stripe  Faint ;  and  on  the  north- west  by  the  ocean  to  Big  Bay. 


J 


ri8 


mrW    VEAl^MSm  OFFICIAIr  TKAB-BOOS. 


The  <1iitnct  in«MarM  about  160  milet  from  Stripe  Point  on 
W«ikouttiti  B4J  on  the  eMt  ro««t«  and  the  aame  di«tacioe  from  oofth  to  Kiiilh.     lu 
ftre»  11  8,88230ii  acre*. 

The  oountrj^  ^enerftllj  it  mountainotif,  the  hiffheetland  being  to  the  north 
tod  culfiiii)«ting  in  Houat  Aipirin^«  9,960  ft.  mb^ite  the  leTel  of  the  le^ 

The  we«t  comat  mounimta*  are  remarkably  rugged  an^  grand.  The  thirtatt 
iOfiiidt  that  pieroe  thb  ocxut  are  on  the  vreet  oo««t  of  the  SouthUnd  Diatrict.  MC- 
ford  Sounds  though  onlf  eight  milet  in  lengthy  contains  some  of  the  grmadest  acenery 
in  the  world  ;  and  fourteen  milea  inland  from  it«  head  it  the  groat  Snthorlaod 
Waterfall^  1.904  ft.  hi^h,  pomiblj  the  hish«*t  waterfall  known.  Bligh  Soond  b 
■ouklter  than  )£ilford,  and  not  nearlj  ao  intereettng ;  but  Ckeorge  Sound  ia  larger, 
and  T^ry  picturesque. 

A  touriet  i  rack  ha«  been  opened  from  the  head  of  Te  Aqwi  I^ke  to  Milfofd 
Sound.  The  Oorrrn merit  Touri«t  I>epi%nment  bae  now  aeeumod  oomplato  oonlrcl 
of  tbit  track,  and  luu  e»tahU«hed  a  oomrortable  eccommodatton-houfla  at  the  bead  of 
Te  Anau,  wliere  guidea  can  be  prticured  if  required  from  the  l^t  Norember  to  tbt 
iOUi  April  There  nre  i^i^  huta  on  the  tnuk,  supplied  ivith  blankets^  proTifioiM^ 
iut ,  and  a  mnn  in  eharee  of  ear-^h  hut.  Tue  traik  runt  through  the  Ctintoo  TaUer, 
paetes  the  Sutherlaitd  FaIIi  and  Inke  Ada,  and  opem  out  tome  of  tbo  finett  ac^nm 
in  the  oolonj.  A  pnM^tjnable  mute  haa  iil«o  been  di*eovered,  »nd  a  trmck  formed, 
from  the  nortli-'*e-tt  arm  of  the  mtdd'e  fiord  of  Te  Anau  Lake  to  the  head  of 
Oeorff  5^und.  During  the  fe^Aon  there  ii  a  fortoightlj  msil  between  Invet^axgill 
mod  Milford. 

For  neai-lj  one  hundred  milet  inland  from  the  wett  eoaet  the  country  ii  yvj 
mountairiouft,  but  at  a  distance  of  liitj  or  tevent j  miles  from  the  south-eaat  coatt< 
Une  it   begins  to  get  gradually  lower,  taking  tlie  form  of  rolling  hllle  and  do' 
along  the  »ea  shore. 

Rivert  amd  Za4r«f. 

The  largest  rivert  are  the  Cluiha,  Taieri,  sod  Waitaki :  the  first-named  dnhtnt 
Lakft  Wakatipu,  WitTiaka,  and  Eluwea ;  the  laet,  Lukes  Ohau,  Pukaki,  and  Tekapo, 
m  the  Canterbury  Di»trict,  Te  Anau,  the  largest  Uke  in  the  Middle  ItliLnd,  lict 
partly  in  the  Oiigo  and  partly  in  the  Southland  DietficL  The  dimensions  of 
kkea  are  as  folliiurs  t^~ 


tatt* 


I 

I 
I 


Balgbt  abovi^H 
Faet.      ^^1 


LaJue. 

^•fiff^t.^ 

Qeneral  Breadth 
in  Miles. 

Area  in 
Square  Miles, 

Height  abovJ 

!>  Anau,  in  Southland 

48 

lto6 

US 

694 

Manapouri.,          „ 

14 

4 

60 

697 

WakaiipUi  in  Ologo 

50 

it<»di 

114 

1, 069 

Wanaka          

29 

1  lo3 

76 

928 

Hawra            

19 

3 

48 

1.068 

Ohau               

II 

1  to3 

23 

1.780 

Pukaki 

11 

2|to5 

ai 

1,6811 

TekApo 

16 

1  to34 

821 

8,38S 

These  lakes  are  aituated  in  mountainoua  oountry  ;  tbej  are  of  glacial  origin,  uid 
ail  f  ery  deep. 

The  pteanier  eprrice  on  Lnke  Wakih'pu  is  now  owned  by  the  doremment,  and 
is  under  the  com rol  of  the  Knilwat  hep*i<rrment.  Durinfi^  the  summer  months  the 
itpamert  rnti  bcLween  Kingston  nnd  Qy»*DriBio*vn  daily,  and  t-o  the  head  of  the  lake 
from  Queen^town  ihffe  tiutrs  a  week.  Dnniig  ihe  wintir  months  the  daily  terriod 
to  Kinirs<on  is  niainiained.  but  the  cooiinuuieatioii  with  the  head  of  the  Iftke  it  only 
bi-weekly. 

On  Lakef  Wanaka,  Alanapouri,  and  Te  Anau  tmaller  etenmerft  are  in  ute. 


THB   OfAQO   tAND   DieTRIOT. 


719 


w 


Th«  Cltitha  Rite?  it  tlie  Urgf^si  in  New  Zt^alanf),  and  if  «itvmat#d  to  diii«)iarg« 
OTer  ],CK)0„CM)0  cubic  fee\.  p«r  minute.  It  Uwf  a  rapid  curnenlt  tiut  ia  nnvii^Hlile  for 
imall  ^t^-amers  for  a  d\*tmt^e  of  foiij  niil«  from  i»#  mouth.  Tl*<*  Wait^lci  »#  not  a 
dftrigiEihle  river  For  tome  iiereiiteen  mil«fl  frurti  it»  inoutli  tlie  1  itit* ri  Hjter  i« 
ftffecWd  bj  tidei,  wbich  run  up  one  branuli  into  Woiltola  LaJc9,  and  up  ibe  oUier 
branch  aa  far  a«  A 1  Ian  ton  (Orc^jlown). 

Asftiall  pniraleljownfd  steiimer  mna  from  Henli»j  to  the  moulh  of  tbe  Tuieri 
River.  Thpre  is  n\»o  a  lionise- bcini  in  mnnt'tlion  wiib  \Ue  eieiirdi^r^  Tlie  ^ct-nerj 
down  tlie  Taieri  Hirer  is  pxrapliouallj  fii>f*»  and  the  Btimrruua  ex('ijri»inn»  i«re  well 
patr^tniaed  bj  tho^e  in  »etircb  of  a  dajV  oulLiig.  Tlie  diit&nee  from  Henlej  to  Taieri 
Mouth  itf  about  iii  miles. 


Piaim. 


There  are  Mime  conBidembte  area»  of  toli^rahtj  level  land  in  the  int:eridr»  tho 
lar^eat  beinif  the  MnnioUit-o  PlHinN^  the  Idaburn.  Mnnnhrrikta^  and  Upper  Clutba 
Vallejft.  Their  dimeri«ion»  are  anproiimateiy  Mf^llowi:  M«tiiioioto  Pinin*.  length 
twenty-four  mil-^^^  aFemije  bre^acitbr  ten  initeii ;  Idahurn  Vallej,,  Lwent^v-five  milet 
b^  four  mi1e»  ;  Munuheriliia  ViiUey.  tbtrtj-five  miivM  by  foiir  mile«  {  Up|>er  Clutha 
Valley,  thirty-rhr#H"  mile*  by  five  nal^a. 

The  Taieri  Platrip  nearer  tlie  eoaat,  ia  about  the  lame  lisa  a«  Uie  Idaburn 
Yallej,  andia  tery  firtile.  Other  plaina  are  the  Waiiali  in  rhe  nonh,  the  Tolo- 
mairirot  the  Strath -Taieri,  the  Taoflnui,  and  the  fertile  Inch  Cluil^a^  lymg  between 
the  two  branches  of  tlie  Clutha  Htver»  and  contiatin^  entirely  of  atluti&t  depoait. 
There  ia  alao  a  ^ood  deal  of  low  country,  chiefly  rollini;  down  a,  on  the  •outh-weit 
aide  of  the  Clutha  Dear  the  aea. 


Foretts* 

The  foreat  land  liea  moatly  along  the  i^-a-coaat,  the  largeat  are&  of  buab  betDg 
Tautuku  Fore-tt  about  forty  milea  in  len^flh  and  Bfteen  milee  in  brrndth.  The 
weaterrj  part  of  this  forei^t  ia  in  the  Southland  Di^tnck  TIte  otiier  prmcipel  forest 
arraa  ure  in  the  following  lor'atiriea,  Tit.:  norlh  of  Dunedin,  eaat  of  the  Tapanui 
Miuntainbg  io  the  upper  valley  of  the   Waikaia  Hirer,  and  towarda  the  north*  weat 

COAit. 

The  foreata  of  OtJigo  contain  a  large  Tariety  of  uaefid  timber,  both   hard  and 
•oft  wood  I  aome  bein^r  luiiable  fnr  building  purpoaear  while  other  varietiea  are  bighlj 
Dental,  and  much  priied  for  cabinet-work. 


I 


building  Sfonet. 

Building-f*torea  of  pood  quality  ere  found  in  ^arioua  plarea  throughout  Otago, 
The  Port  Cbalmerfl  c|uarrieM  ntford  an  inexheu^tihle  auppiy  of  bhifMotie,  a  baAulric 
atone  of  gretii  hardm^M  and  dunibility  ;  vmd  I  he  nHghbuurhood  of  Hiniion  fiirnii«hea 
a  bluearoue  of  auperior  quulitf .  A  very  po*d  bluer Ume  i«  iil»o  Ij3  be  four  d  on  ilie 
Ilnrgeahoe  Biiah  E^^iafe,  nhiHit  ihinj  ntiledi  kouiIi  fruni  Dunedin  and  one  miW  from 
Clarendon  SuUon,  In  Otnifo  centrsi]  a  bitrd,  cloae  tandatone  ia  obtained  near 
K<pkonga.  A  hard  freeatoneof  eic^-Jlent  quuiily  ia  found  at  WaitcMwa,  whvre  there  ia 
a  larg'e  bill  of  it  close  lo  the  watcr*a  edite,  Bloeliaof  venr  grt*nt  mze  can  be  obtained. 
Therf  ia  atao  a  fri'eatone  of  atipenor  qualitj  on  lt«nil  at  the  Feninaula,  but  the  tnuc* 
ceasibiliiy  to  the  atone  would  male  i»  diflicidt  U>  qunrrf.  A  deii!«e  dark  granite  of 
firrii  -t;Uaa  qualiiy  ia  obtnitmble  on    Ruiipuke  Island  |    ^pecimena,  both    tonlfd    and 

Swhahrd,  nmy  be  aeen  in  the  bane  ami  pil(t**lera  of  the  new  Oorernmcnt  Lif*-  Inaurance 
tiiildinga  at  Dune<lin.  The  same  quality  of  »Ume  it  alto  obtainable  at  the  OieiiD 
Be«eh,  pear  the  Bluff-  A  aoft  wliite  building-fttme — the  well-known  Onumru 
lirneatone  ^ — la  found  in  large  quaiiiitiea  alung  the  railway-line  near  Oamaru, 
from  whence  a  good  deal  ia  exported  to  other  parte  of  M«'W  Zealand  and  to  the 
Australian  St^tea,  A  siiiiilar  liitd  of  atone  ia  found  at  Olrkuike,  about  two  milea 
froin  I  he  railweT-aiBlion,  nnd  it  mat  be  ini**r>'aiing  to  noie  that  during  the  yeara 
18£>I-93  al>out  3.001 »  tona  of  »tone  wrre  aent  from  the  Otekaike  quamea  to  form  the 
facing  a  of  tbe  Melbourne  Fiab^miirket. 


720 


MEW    SEALAin)   OFFICIAL    TBAR-BOOE. 


^ 


LimMtgn*  for  Bm  rn  iny 

Limpitone  it  found  in  the  fullovrin^  filncet :  Onmiini,  OUkailitf,  Ot^pctpe*  Wii- 

^•l^ino,  W»ikoij»i(i,  |y<twer  Harbour.  PetutiHuIti,  Wailioin.  MillKurn,  and  WnkaitpQ. 

t  ht*  Millburn  Lirne  mid  \  euiehi  CoMipiiti^v  bum  lurifv  quanlitiev  of  lufie  at  their 
Mtllliiirii  vrtirih*.  whiriire'  it  it  »t»Mt  to  ntl  \mT%%  of  Oiii|C*t,  for  htiilifirtff  ptirpo^^ 
gmawcirki,  &c  It.  it  aUo  Urprely  iiAfd  in  farming,  and  ilte  prodiiciiirrtirat  uf  the 
Tokoitmiriro  PUin  Una  b^en  grmllr  irti*r«a4*ed  of  late  jeart  bj  tt»  applH-atioti  W 
ihe  toiL  Ijarge  eeriifint-worlct  brlounriiig  to  iU<p  atime  compnit^  h%re  br«n  oi 
for  tout©  Tean  on  tlia  rocl*im«d  laud  in  Oia^fO  Harbour,  nr»r  I>unedm.  1 
cernant  tiiftTiiiFiii4.''tured  at  thei^e  works  ii  (^on:«tr|preil  fully  eqtiiil,  if  nnt  auiNftriolr, 
the  b<?fft  imported,  und  it  Urgnly  uoed  in  Uuildiuie  and  otlier  coniiniciive  work*. 

'J1te  GuiL>^rtiiTi«>ni  Hine-kihia  at  MMkartuio,  near  Dunhorkf  btite  b^^^n  IrniMd  fof 
fire  Teikrs.  Tliie  lime  praductrd  i»  of  g4>od  qualitj^  and  there  is  a  br^nc^h  rAiivrikj  to 
Ibe  kiliifi. 

Ooal  and  Lignite, 

111  the  Boutbeni  portion  of  Otago  and  in  part  of  SouihlaQd  thin  seanjB 
of  coal  of  a  bitnniiaoas  character  exiKt  Probably  the  coal  produced  from 
the  pits  at  Kaitaugata.,  Shag  Point,  aud  NightcapH  k  the  best  in  qoahty. 
First-class  brown  coal^  are  worked  iu  several  parts  of  Otago,  the  principal 
Heats  of  the  industry  beiuj^  Green  Inland,  Milton,  Alexandra,  and  Bannock- 
bnm,  as  well  as  other  parts  of  Central  Otago. 

Beds  of  Egnite  are  also  found  in  numerous  localities,  chiefly  around 
the  margins  of  the  old  lakebafiinH  and  along  the  courses  of  the  older 
river-vBlieya,  and  are  worked  on  a  sufficient  scale  to  supply  local  require* 
meuts. 

The  output  of  coal  and  lignite  in  Otago  and  So  a  th  land  for  1905  waa 
,015  tons,  an  increfuse  of  10,754  tons  on  the  previouB  year. 


Climate, 


The  clitn.ite  of  Ota^o  is  on  the  whole  fairly  equable.  Centrnl  Otngo 
Huffers  a  little  from  tbe  inteni»ity  of  the  cold  in  the  winter  and  \M 
et^cess  of  lieut  in  sumuier;  but  places  on  the  sea-coast  bave  a  fairtj 
even  tenip«.Tntijre  all  tbo  yetir  round.  There  is  a  surnewbnt  large  nreft 
of  prncticully  ruiule'is  teriitory.  which  includes  tbe  ^lllnlototo  IHaioa, 
ibc  Idaburn  and  Maituherikia  V^iUeyS)  and  extends  to  Lakes  VVtikntipa, 
Wiinakii,  Hiitvcii,  un*l  Olmu  on  the  west  and  north,  and  to  the  noithcm 
purtion  of  Waituki  County  on  tliw  north-cyst.  From  Onmaru  tlie  dire<y 
tion  wjuld^  bo  across  country  to  Mount  Bunger  iind  to  the  soutliern  end 
of  Lake  Wakatipu.  This  part  ot  the  countiy  is  well  adaptid  f<»r  sheefi 
of  all  kindn,  especially  merinos,  sonjo  of  the  runs  being  capable  oi 
carrying  80,000  sheep.     Wondtrful  ri^'suUs  haie  been  worked  with  irrl* 

gntion  on  parts  of   the   bitbi^rto  dry   and    barren   portions  of   Central 
Itago. 

WeH  CwuL 

In  marked  contrast  to  Cent  ml  Otngfo  it  the  West  Coast  District,  which  inaj  tfl 
deB(*rihed  a«  hnviug  a  wet  rlnniite.  Not  I  hut  the  iHimher  of  wrt  di«y«  in  the  year 
is  verj'  greiit.  but  it  it  tubjei?t  to  very  hetivj  mint  from  the  north- west,  I  tie  fsJl 
genemlk  exet*ediiig  ]tK>iu.  {H?r  annum.  But,  till  hough  wet,  llie  elMhate  i#  nnid,  and 
the  regulation  is  eonsequfuily  luxuriant.  Mr  ar»d  Mr-^.  SutlierUud  keep  a  liouii 
of  HL'uouttnodiilion  iiir  touritis  at  the  head  of  Milford  Sumid.  There  nfv  very  foiv 
Titit/orB  to  lint  Sounds  during  winier^  but  in  lU miner  lite  tourist  iraAic  it  con* 
siderable.  TowanU  I  he  souih-eatL  and  s^»uih  c*oa»u  of  the  district  the  clunat^ 
it  moist,  b^ine  somewhat  timilar  to  that  of  Duuedin,  where  the  average  rainfall  IM 
38  in.,  disiributed  over  I8t>  days  in  the  jear. 

At  Mitfiin*«  Bay  three  families  have  iM^ttled.  Their  theep  and  cattle  ai^  in- 
eftaniigi  and  tlie  land  is  gradually  being  cleared. 


THE    OTAGO    LAND    DISTHICT. 


721 


^ 


I 


There  am  ihr>aBand«  of  arrei  of  fir9t-tl»i«s  hii*h  1  ft  rid  in  and  amiind  MuHin't 
But,  well  nduptrd  for  d^iry  UPMiU'ff  niid  ftwlt  r*ii*ii>(.%  ouij  a«riiit.iTii{  j»ptrctori  lo 
(vcupv  thfim.  Ihe  lund  h/lorig*  U)  ihe  Cn^wT),  iitd  t«  o|.»eii  for  uppliuttioii  tit  tlie 
Lnnd  Olliu^,  Dursedtri.  0tMi  I  mdliiiif  riiiiber,  t-oiiniBtiiig  of  retl,  wldtti,  und  hUck 
pine,  l>eecb,  and  toUraf  U  obimnablti  oti  tins  part  of  tbe  wt»t  coaaI. 

Frvii, 

T1i0re  are  toma  fine  frail- growing  diitrtcti  in  the  vallej  of  the  CI  nth  a,  from 
below  Roxburgh  riglit  iip  to  Lrtke  Wiiimka.  Tbe  tniiiiner»  *r«?  rlpj  nnd  wurin,  iind 
the  toil  AMitnhie.  ApricoU,  prarbest,  ilte  ,  ciimo  lo  iimHiMiy  fullj  a  inuiit^i  befoiQ 
tbej  do  lit  Uunedin,  and  grapft  ripen  isn  I  he  ofipn  air.  Thtrc  i#  a  great  fuliirei  for 
thi*  neigbbourhood  in  tfie  growing  of  iiH>*f<  TupiHie*  of  friiil  which  js^jref*  wiiIj  and 
tbrire  m  a  dry  dimate.  Tbe  gri*pe  tmight  he  cwlur nlvil  vithtr  for  wnif'tiiMkiirig  or 
for  the  ttthlf*,  and  loine  varieiica  could  be  mad*'  into  uood  mii^iiiH.  The  drviiCM  of 
the  aMiio-phere  m  fwrourablc  for  pTearrrin^  all  leiuda  of  fruit*  while  ibe  Otjiir;) 
CenLr%l  Railway  baa  brougbt  porUou  of  tbe  valley  into  direct  commuiiicmlinn  with 
oiarkM. 

CropB. 

Tbe  following  are  the  a^icul' nral  *UtL*tie9  as  at  attt  Octohcr.  10O3  ; — 
To^al  nrea  iti  oat;  u  pa' ion  in  thw  Oiaijo  Land  lb -(rift,,  iiulutlirtg  ^own  graft«et 
and  Und  ill  nalire  gnudi,  Lc.,  7,G'03/2ll'3  acft-B,  Cnrri  crops  eo^n  (ur  ibrt-§hin|^, 
cb**fTtniej  and  feeding- tiff,  coniprisiitg  ^hear,  tmim,  biirley,  ne^  maize,  pe**,  b<«mn«<^ 
127,8 Ii3  »€Tei  J  tfrren^  root,  mui  olber  ertj^p*,  lil  B2ii  i*LTe#^  ^r*i*^nr»  buwh  fur  iie«  d 
and  hav,  :^9,i^70  aire*  i  Und  plonub^d  *iid  po*n  ii*  gr>n^,l,'l92,54>  iicn'i  *  land 
ploughed  und  iown  in  clover,  1,878  acre*  j  iurftiiv^tuwn  gru-»ti-,  330,921  acreg  j 
ptanraiionv.,  &e.|  ineludiag  pnvaie  viirLt*ii«,  n^nrket  gardf^nei  orehMrda,  nud  vinevanlii, 
of  a  quarter  «f  api  acre  mid  upward*^  f»,l  iS  nvre*  :  Uwi  ploughed  but  not  plaoted, 
11|9;S  acrej  ;  area  in  tu«toeit  or  native  gra«j»  6,2J3,883  acr^t. 


I 

^V' Wheat  for  tbreftMng 

V  OaU 

P        Barlej  », 

I 


Auret. 
45  084 


Efttiinatod  Yield 
Imr  Acre. 

31  hu^btiU 

m     „ 

32  „ 


Total. 

1.445.33S  butheb. 
2,731. 1-4       ,, 
1^.167      „ 


Stock.  Head. 

Sb(*ep,  m  at  30th  April,  }mb  ,..  ,,.  ...      2,372,961 

Bor^fp,  aa  at  3 Ut  October,  1905  .,,  ,.,  ..«  3'<»925 

Crttrle,  ,  ...  .  .,.         141,138 

Swinf,  ^  .*,  ...  ...  2l,u34 

Tiie  diiir?  induttty  conhnues  to  floarieh  and  expand  in  Otago,  und  new  lande 
are  co'itiKually  bring  broui;hi  undfr  mliiyHtbon. 

The  eipurt  of  rubbil'i-kins  fronii  D>ine<liu  during  Iba  Qnaticial  year  end^  31it 
March,  190li  auiounted  to  7,(>59,655  ikina,  ?alued  at  £60,578. 


Frteting  EjtiMiakmentg, 
Tbrre  ore  three  fre^jtinif  and  pn»?-ervin«  worhi  in  Otago,  The  eHtahliih- 
mentfl  are  at  Odniaru,  Burn^^ide,  nnd  t'ort  Cbtlmerit.  A I  Oiiiniiru  Ibere  is  n  R^Kton 
Uenni let  refripemtor,  mpable  of  freezing  t,2CX!)  »i»e<'p  a  daj,  and  there  is  utorjtge* 
room  for  SO.CKX)  carcaees*  The  Fort  Chi»lnn;r»  fref»ing-worki<,  erected  in  1890  by 
tbe  Oiago  Dock  Trust,  are  hirgely  u*ed  for  the  st^^rage  of  bntter  prior  to  shipment, 
and  lor  the  freezing  of  rttbbit«  during  the  arnioii  when  tlH*?'e  ore  aviiiUi'le  for 
ex|K>ri.  The  refrigerating  nmiflnikery  !»rig»naily  fonsi^-ted  of  &  laion  Hercules  bull 
latel^T  tbe  buildingi  were  i'nhirged,  und  a  35  lun  II^rci^ile«  WMf  iid*^rd.  At  Burntidf. 
there  ii  a  75  ton  Herculen  nMfhinif,  cnpable  of  frersing  ^.00"^  aheep  por  di«y»  and 
there  ii  alomge'room  for  &n,000  raroa^ei*.  In  adnttion  Ut  tbe  u^ital  eiport  ia 
muttoD  and  lambj  much  espurt  buainea*  it  done  at  tbe«e  work*  Id  tab  bit*  freezing* 


739 


KKW    SBALAini   OrnClAh   TXAB-BOOC. 


■ 


Qold'pfodmrihm, 

Ot«|CO  prcxiticef  nbout  on«- third  of  the  gold  ^output  for  New  Zfmlmnd, 

Gold  i«  found  verj  g«i\Miklljr  diifrihuted  throuf^hout  Ot4MCO,  except  iii  thii 
iouihf^m  portion  oft  h#  dutnet.  Th^  princip**!  loc«titt«tt  »t«  i  ClutliA  Valtev*  Tu»- 
pekft,  Shoi4}vffr,  Osrdrona,  Tinker's,  St.  Halban'B^  Mount  Ida*  Neri«,  B»iiiioek1>iuiv 
and  MMirewttenua. 

Lii*t  flri&r»d»l  yemr  145,409  oi.  of  ^Id  were  exported  from  Dunodin,  bArinf  * 
TRlue  of  i;58b\570, 

Mammfaetm**  amd  Works. 

Vnder  thia  h€«d  the  r«-iuma  t'^  3ltt  Julji  1906,  of  th9  rmrtOQ*  trade*  and 
tbe  nu'nKer  of  fucorie*  witUio  Dunedin  and  turroundin^  diafriet  are  aa  follova  : — 
Aermtetf'waier  fucloneii,  10;  agnculturnl  implement,  7;  baken  und  paatrjcooka, 
61;  bMHrt-fActoriea,  ^\  M^ckarritht  and  etiacli builder*,  4:2;  bootfactoriea,  b€ ; 
b*coii'f*nt4>tie#,  19;  boi-fftrtorie«,  3;  breweriea,7;  bri^k,  tile,  Ac.,  f44rtun«a,  9| 
bru^h  and  broom«  2  ;  bnteHir*  (nnanurart«jrtnp{  amall  goods),  46 ;  butter  and  ch«ea» 
f^ctonrt,  14;  cabinetmating-factoriea,  62;  CJilioo  and  leather  bag,  4;  i-arpenieri^ 
B7  2  Gement-fttcioff,  1  ;  chemurai  me^iicine,  &i\,  IS;  ciifarette-faoiarj,  1  $  o^othing* 
iWeiOrte«,  12;  coffee  and  apioe  factoHei.  6;  ooo^Hrra,  2  ;  dentiata,  20;  dreaamak^ra, 
121  s  engmvera.  32 ;  engineert,  47  j  feltmonisera,  4  ;  fi«K-curera,  14  |  flack-fiiOtort«a* 
2  I  fl  tur-naUa,  4  ;  tEraaa-ared  cleaning,  7  ;  gaawork*,  S  ;  gunamitha,  4 ;  hat  and  cap 
factoHfa.  6  j  liair  preparing  factories,  5  ;  Ko*  erj-facUiries,  5  ;  jam,  biacoit,  &c„  15  j 
ink^factorj,  1 ;  lupidarie*,  6  ;  l^wiUglit  working,  8  j  laundriea.  37  ;  mat^ib  factory, 
1  i  marine  atorea,  2 ;  minure^ra^^torira,  3 ;  iLat  and  rug  f^ctorira,  3  ;  iiioim* 
mental  work »,  4;  pHintTuanitfiu  ^•rie^  2;  p«per-fa.ctoriea,  2;  cjcle^  &««,  19; 
pliolo«mplier»,  IS  ;  v^iHivo-manufaciupera.  5  ;  pla«fwra,  6;  plumbers,  37  ;  print^rt^ 
27  ;  p<«cbing  ^ooda  for  iran>it,  2  ;  quarriea,  5  ;  mb bit- expo rtera,  5  ;  rx»po  and  twine 
fai'lorr,  1  ;  paddkra,  15  ;  aaiJ  and  lf*ni  fact<>riea,  7  ;  aaueifaitoriea,  3  ;  ea^milla  8; 
•hirt'fMCir»rie«,  12;  aoap  and  cmiHIe  facloriea,  5;  titilori,  53;  tanneriea,  3;  tea- 
packing  fftcforiea,  10;  uiiibrotU-fict4»rie»,  4;  venetiaii-blind  fnctoriea.  2 ;  waieh- 
nmketK,  28;  tj pe writer- re puirptg,  l;  wirewotking,  3;  wooUeo-niill,  1;  wool 
dutnpiug  for  export,  3 ;  aawiog  firewood,  &c.,  6. 

WoolUnmUls^ 

There  are  four  wool  I  en -in  ills  at  work  in  the  ProTincial  Dmtrict  of  Otaso.  em- 
plojini;  nbfjiit  1,200  ban  la  The  wf>olleii  indiintrT  in  Otago  ia  of  ereater  mNgtittiide 
ttiMii  in  anT  ot^^er  dialrict  of  Nei^  Zealand,  and  aa  an  rxemplkflcation  of  itir*  exc*)!* 
]t-nt  quill  It  J  of  the  mnteriat  turne>i  out  it  niaj  he  meiiiimed  that  the  Moafliot 
Woollen  Factor/  took  the  Ormnd  Prix  at  St.  Louia  Expoaition  £^r  nig«.  bUiikrta, 
and  *ouL 

B**atdea  aupfiljine  Iw^*!  ne^d*,  Otago  ProTinrial  District  exnnrtwl  during  the 
jear  ended  81  Kt  Mareli,  1905,  9,606,lS3rb,  of  wool,  falued  at  je;i67,7^ ;  but  ttiia 
includra  So<*thl*ihd  wo<4* 

The  number  of  handa  empl'>jed  are  7«59d  malei  mud  3661  fentAlea  ;  total  ntini* 
ber  of  works  of  the  mbove  deacription,  1,2  A3. 


m 


laat  cenaua, 
!uburb«,  56,020; 


The  following  arc  the  chief  towns  of  Olsgo,  with  their  popu  la  lion  at 
including  all  having  li,<HX)  ioltnbitant*  atid  iiptviirda:    Duii<*'tiii  and  auburoit,  on,uxu; 
Oamaru,  5,<i7l  ;  Port  CI  ml  mens,  24:^0  ;   Mo«giel,  1,517  |  Milton,  1,284 ;  £&itangaU* 
1,682  j  Lawrence,  1,106;  Baldulha,  1,I6L 

CU(f  of  Dmnedim, 

Dunedin,  the  cnpitnl  city  find  rommemol  centre  of  Otago,  t»  iltv 
ftted  at  the  head  of  Otago  Harbour,  and  ih  distant  eight  mil^ — &boil 
hnlf  fin  hniir*«  journey  by  mil— from  its  «eMport,  Port  C-hnlmcrs.     Otn^o 
Bnrbour  has  been  greatly  dt»epened  by  drtsiging  dnrin(r  the  past  decade, 
aud  ocaan  liueri  ans  now  berthed  alongbidta  the  DuatKlin  wharrea. 


THE   OTAQO   LAND   DISTRICT.  723 

The  city  proper  is  about  two  miles  and  a  hnlf  long  by  a  mile  brond^ 
acid  is  dotted  here  and  there  with  hands^ume  public  burkJiiigs  and  large 
wareiiouses  which  compare  f.n'oiinibly  both  m  nize  and  arebitLH-tiire  with 
thob«  111  other  centres  oi  New  iSealund.  Amon;;  buildjiigs  ui  injte  may 
br-  mentioned  the  new  Supreme  Court,  Knox  Churrb,  St.  Joseph's 
Cntljedriil,  Boys'  High  School,  First  Church,  Tovrn  Hall,  and  Utogo 
University.  The  city  hns  been  much  befnitified  of  Inte  yeitrs  with 
numerous  parks  and  reserves  artisticiilly  laid  out  by  the  Dunedin  and 
Suburban  Keserves  Couivrvation  Socii'ty\  ivho  iiave  tit  ken  in  1 1 anil  with 
praiseworthy  energy  the  task  of  plantii^g  with  tree*  and  Qouers  fiitherto 
fieglected  areas  of  waste  land.  The  Octagon»  Jubdi'e  Park,  nnd 
I  Vtcturia  Gardens  (formerly  known  as  the  Triangle)  are  standing  monu- 
i       mcDta  to  the  society*s  work. 

The  private  residences  of  Dunedin  are  largely  situated  on  the  hilln 
ahipiiig  upwarda  from  the  harbour,  and  cable  tramways  connect  tlie  city 
proper  with  the  hill  suburbs.  A  reserve  of  native  bush  fringes  the  hills 
r(»und  about »  and  is  traversed  by  a  fine  carriaj^e  road,  named  ''  The 
Queen's  Drive/*  from  which  views  of  the  harbour  and  city  can  be 
obtained.  This  reserve — ^known  as  the  Town  Belt — -was  set  apart  in  the 
early  days  of  Otago  settlement.  ^ 

The  city  has  now  an  electric  tram  service,  which  is  being  rapidly 
extended  to  the  favourite  seaside  resorts  of  Ocean  Beach  and  Ht.  CUiir. 
each  within  three  miles  of  the  Chief  Post  Office.  At  the  northern  end 
of  the  city — about  two  miles  from  the  Chief  Post  OQice— the  electric 
cars  run  down  to  the  Botanical  Gardens,  which  are  tastefully  and 
aitistically  laid  out  with  many  beantifut  flowers  and  shrubs.  A  band 
rotunda  bag  been  erected  here,  and  on  Bunday  afternoons  sacred  con- 
certs are  given  throughout  the  summer  months. 

The  Wood  ban  gh  V  alley,  the  reservoir,  nnd  the  Leith  Valley  with  its 
waterfalls,  are  also  within  easy  distance  of  the  town,  and  from  a  scenic 
point  of  view  possess  many  features  of  interest. 

Danedia  ii  well  supplied  with  elemenlary  bcIioo1»,  Hier^  beine  in  1905  fix  large 
ftcbcK>lii  tn  tbe  oity  pr<»per,  wiiU  &n  ntlendatice  ef  3^32&  pupiUj  and  tweJfe  more  in 
the  iubarbtj  wirh  4,  £135  pupilft. 

There  ii  also  in  DuDedtn  a  training-college  for  teacheri.  The  students  in  train- 
ing  number  Biityfour. 

The  School  of  Art  and  Drsign  is  in  the  lame  Huddinir  aa  the  Formal  School, 
and  haa  a  itaff  of  six  teacher»  and  a  pupil* teacher.  In  1^^  there  were  406 
•tudenti  io  attendance. 

The  OtHgo  Boys'  High  School  stands  on  a  commanding  plat^Miu  300  ft.  abore 
the  buainesB  part  of  the  cily  nnd  th«  h&rboar.  Tlie  ■cbool  wits  nparted  on  the  Srd 
AueuBt,  iHHSf  iu  the  bniliiini;  in  Dowlins  Street  now  occupied  ni  tli»e  OirU'  If  igh 
SchooL  The  new  buildings  in  Arthur  Street  were  opened  by  ihe  iMtt*  Sir  Willmin 
Jervoj*,  OoTemor,  in  Fehrunry,  18^5.  The  teaching  stafF,  induding  the  Hettor, 
DumberB  12  ;  the  atlendance  ii  about  3)4. 
I  The  Otag^o  Girls*  High  School  whb  opened  on   the  fith  February,  1871 «  with  a 

roll  of  7ft  ptipiii.  The  pr***ent  ati*'n*iarn*e  is  187,  wi(h  a  remhing  staff  of  II,  ex- 
chiftire  of  Tii<titing  teach<>re.  OfaQo  holds  the  proud  difttini?tion  of  having  esfabliBtted 
the  firflt  Girls*  lligh  School  in  Ausirrilania.  AtMong;  tli**  enrnpst  band  ui  workers 
who  laboured  to  establish  ihis  fln^t  High  School  for  girls  the  name  of  Mipb  Dal- 
rym pie  stands  prs«eminent,  and  will  erer  hn  held  in  grateful  remeuibr&nce  by  the 
people  of  Otago. 

At  the  commencement  of   the  year  1903  the  Bo^rd  of  Governors  accepted 
I        the  QoTeriunient*B  offer  in  conneftion   with   providrng  free  ierondHry  education   by 

I  i^mitting  sixty-three  boTt  and  flftvone  girls  who  pa^Bed  the  Sixth  Staf^durd  in  the 
pnm<trv  bcIiooU  and  were  undrr  fourteen  yei*r#  of  age  on  81st  Deermberr  19u2,  on 
payment  by  the  Oovcrnment  at  the  rate  oF  £B  prr  annum  prr  heud. 

Th«>re  are  now  2RH  hoys  and  170  girls  in  al tendance  at  the  schools  under  the 

II  new  Qovemment  regulations. 


^ 


724 


NSW    ZEiLLAND   OFFICIAL   T£AK-BOOX. 


I 


Tlie  tTniverii'y  of  Oiii^o  wi»i  Touncied  in  1R69»  and  opened  In  1871.  It  U  »«11 
faouieil  ill  II  l»ile  lif  litindikoiite  buiUliiigs  iiftor  the  domestic  Outliic  »tTl#«.  lh#re  ^rt 
four  (tepunife  fiM-ulties  in  rim  UiiiTfiriilj— -vii.,  mrls  and  icience,  iTiediotDe,^  tnixiitiff 
uid  Uw.     Dio  tt^ucliing  aUlT  eot»ipr)Be4  ihirij  prafeMort  mnd  lecturers, 

Thtf  Suliool  of  {kfelieiHe  prorides  ilie  full  conrtie  for  »  medical  dofpiM  of  iKe 
Universitj  of  New  ZenUiiii.  Tliere  t«  ft  int-dicHl  mufteum  in  the  Uitif-ersit^ 
build iiiifi  coitUinutg  nitiitoiuicNl,  paLfmlogical,  mitd  oiber  pn^parfttiona  &fid  modeif^ 

T^te  Si'liO'iI  of  Mi'iefl  octHtpJe«  «i  »L*piinile  (femponirr)  biiil()in(Er.  Itpoif«^<'^i 
meUlhir^iciil  t<<4tTii(E  plmtt,  wcill  csq^ii^tod  mining,  i^eologiial,  nrid  mHa4<ir^fcAl 
liihomt.orie»»  The  lurriculiiiu  pruvid*»s  for  ihe  course  pivscribed  fur  tbe  Bdc. 
de^retfd  in  mtMin^  anU  nte  allur);?  of  the  tJiiiti*r«iij  of  New  Z<'aland^  groloejr.ftnd 
for  I  he  Atsocmfe  diplomtu  in  Mviiimg  artd  mr^tnllLirgjr  vt  the  Untrersitj  of  OiAieo. 

Tho  ynderenidimtefl  ki*epifi|^  tenria,.  accor^i'ie  to  the  Ute«t  araifable  tnform*'^ 
tioTi,  would  h**  219  men  aiicI  ^i  wnmen*  The  [Jiiivei'^itj  librarj  containt  oTer  a,C09 
af>e<'inllj  fti'lecl^  rolumea,  «nd  ii  open  to  the  public  under  eert&iii  coodiUoa»  for 
purpo»d«  of  reference. 

llie  Chemicnl  and  Physical  l&hora toriea  are  well  fitted  op,  and  fumitW 
ffith  nil  necesaiirjr  itiflrumenin  rn\d  nppiinTfces.  There  are  six  acliolar»hips  teusbie 
atr  tht^  Uiitreraitj,  ratiging  in  rtthm  from  £16  to  £30  per  aunum. 

The  ptihUi!  mnieum  is  under  the  control  of  tlie  Unirersitj  CounctL  It  if 
eiluateit  in  Ur«>iit  Kinff  Street,  Mbont  (\ve  tiiinutes*  wftlk  from  the  Unifersitj.  U 
ifirliideei  ri  pnblic"  art  ifiillery,  in  whidi  «ln»re  are  »ome  giJod  work*  of  art,  and  a  nell- 
equipped  -biological  lalxiruEorj,  Up  to  th**  present  time  onlj  the  central  portion  af 
the  onginnl  design  for  tlif  miHeum  bnildinir  \m^  bren  erected. 

The  DiMiedin  Atheiieeuni  anl  Mt-ehMnirs"  Institute  h  cent  rail  j  situated  in  the 
Octagon,  and  po^^^fs^es  a  well  main fjiiued  librurr  of  over  18.000  ToiumeK,  anHi  % 
mriiibfrshiit'  uf  uboiit  I  820  suhscriherf.  The  bnihMnif  hits  jiitetj  been  enlariceti,  atiit 
in  uddinun  to  the  « ircuhitiug  libnirj  coTUain»  a  refert^nce  librarj,  a  Urge  rfadiiii^ 
niOTii  wiih  an  i^xcellent  supply  of  tntignsmes  nnd  newspapers  from  alt  part4  of  il^ 
world,  a  c ^tei^M- placer «*  room,  mid  a  sinuking-roMoi. 

Ihe  Citniill  ?ktoiHiiiieiit«  which  wag  orcrted  t<i  the  mrmorv  of  the  late  Captaia 
Cargilt»  the  fonndpr  of  the  Otw^^o  *cttl«*njeiit,  slandi  in  the  Triangle,  between  iba 
Cnstomlioii.ie  and  the  Buttk  of  New  Zealand.  It  is  an  ornate  a peci men  of  earl j 
decorwted  Gothic. 

Town*  and  Surrovadin^   Country. 

Port  Chalmi'rB  (eiifht  miles  from  DuTirdinl  situnte  on  Olago  Harbour,  midwaj 
between  llm  llenib  and  Dunediii,  hae  a  populiiiion  of  itbont  2,120.  It  i«  the  ctiief 
port  of  OhigQ,  qihI  posaei^B*'»  everr  mconvmudnLion  fur  Home  re<«e)s,  inoluditiif  drj 
dot'k,  HO'Lon  nhrerOega,  «rriini-liMiitMier»  luid  ut  lier  applmm'ei,  ^<e»ide«i  several  priraie 
fontidneii^  couhptora^e  ehHi:ibt;r^  Stc.  The  l:*ort  Chalmers  gniring-dock  is  described 
ill  the  arriile  on  ptige  7^^ 

Leibiing  Duiiedtn  by  the  northern  railwoy,  winding  in  and  out  through  the 
hilla  witkh  lurround  the  Iomh  sihI  port,  ivTid  »kiriii>e  llie  precipitous  ctHfa  of  the 
cottsMiue,  the  first  jit<ttinii  of  inijionHnce  reeched  nfter  Purt  Chalmers  is  Waitati,  a 
lafoiirite  seaside  resort  in  LtlHeekiu  Ut*y  ;  dii^tnni  e,  •crept cen  niijet.  Fifi«en  inites 
berotid  is  Waikouuiti — |M>|uilution,  70t — pletnianily  attiiafed  on  the  Hawksburj 
Litguon,  the  centre  of  it  Uouridhing  fiirmmg  counirr.  The  nett  place  of  note 
is  P«liner9(on„  fnrtvone  niiles  from  iHincdin,  with  780  in}uihrtants.  A  branrli 
line  leave*  l^almeretnn  Mud  runs  nifie  inilfs  up  Shng  Valley  to  Ihrnbiuk.  Sii  milea 
further  on  the  mam  lii«e  there  is  a  bmiich  to  Shag  Point,  a  co£klli«ld,  with  two  pita 
bein^  ttciirelv  worked. 

Orumirn  (setentveight  miles)  is  the  second  towi\  in  Otago,  liavif^g  a  popntatioo 
of  nhoui  5,I0C}.  It  is  the  cemre  of  a  liirge  farming  dislricl.,  und  has  a  giKuJ  harbour, 
formed  bv  n  conrnte  brriikwatcr,  for  I  lie  rcceptiiui  oforean-tjoing  ship*  The  cliief 
export*  are  wool  and  grnin,  A  brunirh-lin'e  rims  from  tlW  juni-ttou  near  Otttnaro  up 
the  \Vait*reka  V^ll*^)'  to  Ngaparu,  seieiiiccn  miles,  and  Tukurahi,  Lwentj-Hfe  tiiilea 
from  Oauiaru,  aud  another  aeven  miks  bj  road  lead»  to  Liviug»tOQe. 


THK   OTAOO   LAND   OtSTHtOT* 

9Urtin|r  from  0»imiirii,  imd  proceed mg  to  Central  0»ago,  via  Hip  Tmller  of  the 
Vr*it«ki  Hi*er,  the  lir(*t  purl  vt  I  lie  jouniev  is  itrcuinphshtid  hj  rail  imto^ib  (he  fertttd 
Pttpiikafti  Hmiiis  to  Awamolto  (ntneiy  i<i  iiiiLe«)f  miiti  thftire  foUmviiig  up  the  Wut- 
Uiki  Hirer  |m«t  Duiitnion  to  Ktimw  (L20  mile!!  fmiii  Dtnipdiii).  At  Ktirow  tho 
intvcller  Jettves  the  ri«tlwiij  hihI  fulloiti  the  courfle  i>r  the  VVaitiikt  Ihrou^lt  jmalorul 
oouiiirj  to  Kuijfi^ed  Ridge«  StuUon  (lii«i  miles);  a.  Ijitte  bejotid  Rui^gcd  Hidjfea  tlio 
roikd  lritve#  the  WHirnki  Ki«m  ntid  cma^ing.  rhe  Ahunri  Pii»t  (141  iiule§).  ttnleithe 
Ahtiriri  Kiver,  which  IL  foUaWa  up  ]tn»l  Unmrmitis  Sl4itioii  iibH  uHlt)«)  to  ih«  jiuuttoD 
of  Loii^^ii|i  Crev'k ;  it  then  rifiiH'tida  tliifl  i-rrek  tiulil  Liiidiii^  Paab  f^nd^le  i«  n*tiihrd 
{\7t  iiiilr*^),  lit  &  imiti^Ut  Of  3. 1 80  feet.  If  ere  b»^|^iiiA  ihe  di^^cent  io  tlie  Clulhii  VHllej 
eicA  Morvvii  UilU  j^fatmn  (I^L  mi  lea)  and  Titrras  ^tKliuii  {200  iiiile<i)«  From  Ttirmi 
8tiitioii>  the  rcMd  riiit«i  through  aeltlfd  fanning  eountrj  up  (lie  ClutHii  Riter,  whii-h 
\»  eri«9ed  by  meiiiift  of  h  |>iifit.  tit  Nttwraxilti  (219  milrB),  mid  fiiur  miles  more  bringt 
the  Lntreller  to  Feinhruke,  on  the  louthern  shure  of  Lake  Wannka. 

Froox  Diinedin  th«'  miiiii  (ruTik  railwuv  riiiis  south w&rd  Xx\  Inrercargilh*  dittance 
of  ISBmilei.  fti«ciiiig  through  the  CaverBlmm  WitrdI  mid  tutuiel  tlte  Lr«iveUer  reacheft 
BuniBide  (fuur  iiide#)  und  Abbotaford  (five  mile^),  triduvtriHl  ceiifree,  with  cont- 
mining,  turndng,  iruii^melting,  nud  other  w^ork^.  Four  utile*  fiirlheron  i*  Wingalui, 
the  juHcUuri  of  ibe  Dl«jjo  Ceidrul  RailwHir  j  und  ten  miie«  from  Dtinedin  is  Mo^giel^ 
1  rising  tonrnsbip  vriih  1,5:^0  inliiLbititniff,  n^iieil  for  its  woollcn-Miilla.  The  miltwifcy- 
line  now  tkiria  the  Ttiieri  Hhiin,  an  iillyi:iiil  (Ui  eighteen  miles  ]oii$r  by  fiie  milet 
broiftd,  ihe  fnost  fertile  iKirlioii  of  OUigo.  A  hmnc-h  tinif  nine  nnli^a  Ung  from  Uoe< 
giel  Junrtion  runs  to  Ouiram,  on  the  turllieT  iid!e  of  ihe  Tiiieri  Ptaiii»  Ihe  mnm 
l>n9  conUriuea  on  from  Mo*tiiel,  piwsiug  the  anmller  tt*wn»hi|>9  of  A  linn  ton  (Orey- 
towii)  and  Uvmlrj,  nnd  J^iikes  WmhoU  and  WtiiftoH,  sirikoi  Mitloii  {lhirlj-«ix 
tnileti).  Mill  on,  in  ihe  uviddle  of  Ihe  Tuktminiriro  PUin,  is  a  town  of  1,300  inhabit 
ant«,  with  (lour- in  ill,  dittrjr  fiiciorie^  flai  mill,  put  rerj- works,  and  lunnerj.  The 
next  pla4<e  of  iniporUnce  is  Bnlclutha  (Ofty-thrfe  unlenj^  on  the  bnnkft  of  the  CluHm 
River,  with  flai mills,  duirj  fu*^turiff,  and  ehicorj- works  |  popuUtttm  nearly  1,2(KJ- 
KaitAngaia,  rituated  luwer  down  the  Clathii  Riier,  and  connecr»-d  by  n  Nramjh  line 
four  inilea  tangt  hti4»  extensive  t'oalfieKls,  nttd  n  ptipuJution  of  ub  ut  1,700.  Leaving 
BnhluihA,  the  iniiin  line  runs  through  the  Clntha  downs,  i>a«siiifr  the  sm^dl  centre* 
of  Wttitepeka,  W&rppa,  Kniliikn.  and  Waiwera,  and  reat^hi^a  CJiuton  (*e*entj- 
four  iinle?i),  on  the  Waiwefa  strewin,  a  favourile  resort  of  anjjlerii.  The  neit 
slftiion  of  not©  beyond  Clinton  is  WnipHhi  Juuciion  (et^t^ity.four  miles),  on  the 
Wnijmhi  Ri»er,  likewise  a  fttFouriie  d«hin«-grouod.  Further  on  is  Gore  (UM> 
Diiirs),  on  ihe  Mutanm  Rt^er,  in  ihe  Southland  Di#trier.  Qore  is  a  fas t< rising 
lowitship  of  3,liK)  inhiibiiaDlA,  witb  paperuidl,  QL»tir-mtll,  f  re  ex  i  tig' works,  dairy 
factory^  coal-mines,  Jtc 

A  brnndi  line  frnm  Waipabi  follows  up  and  crosses  the  Pnmalmkji  Riv#»r  and 
Ofinneot-i  Tapttuui  (U7  miles),  Kelao  (10t»  miles),  lli;riot  (104  nnle#),  and  Edievole 
(UO  Diiks). 

The  Otngo  Cent  ml  Railway  starts  from  Wingfttui,  erosaes  the  Taieri  Plain, 
and  tl»**n  wind*  round  10  the  Taien  Rtver,  whiuh  it  follows  up  lo  Waipittta,  eiijhty- 
one  miles  from  Duii**din,  tln^nee  pmreeds  Kero*s  the  Maniotuto  Plain  in  Hie  water* 
sheds  of  the  Tairri  atui  Jfannherikia  Rivers  and  ihrmii^h  the  Idn  Valley  lo 
Qinakau  and  Chat  10  C^eek,  the  preiient  lermnius,  1^7  imles,  atid  i*  under 
construction  towaid*  AhxiiiidrH  and  Clyde.  In  it*  ciiur*e  along  the  river  it  runs 
for  M>nie  di'tnnfe  through  a  rorky  gorge,  but  afti-r  eros*ing  llie  Suitoii  Sirei«m 
enters  Strath- laien— a  compamti^i-ly  flat,  of>en  country.  Near  llindan  JStHtmn 
(tweniv  five  miles  from  Dunedm),  tn  the  Tateri  Gor^e,  and  B<krMw.hKl  (thirry- 
•even  inde-)  Un^re  am  (junrurt'ef*  br-injj  worked-  Tn  truvorsing  the  Strath -Taieri 
the  line  parses  the  Blwir  Taieri  V  ills  go  Settlement  (forty  four  iml^s),  Middleuiandi, 
a  rising  township  (furrj-eiiiht  milesL  nnd  reaches  Hvde  f-iilv^fouf  mile").  The 
lim*  inu-ses  thr.»ngh  ihe  Pool  burn  Gorgt?  in  ro-s  the  Maunhenkia  Rivrr  to  Chatto 
Creek.  1*hp  t<iwnship<  of  Alexandra  and  CI i tie  arti  ihus  bronghi  within  aboni  t««n 
miles  of  the  raiUoy*  Central  i>tJigo  ha*  a  great  luinri-  h*"lore  it,  a*,  in  the  opimoQ 
of  eiperts,  it  is  uaturally  adapted  tor  produeuig  fruit  of  differeut  kinds  in  perfectton. 


726  IfBW    SEALAim   OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 

Another  inrani  of  fteceis  to  Central  Ot«|^  ii  by  ih«  Cliitlia  YftUejr.  T«o 
milfri  ^»evond  Hillon  the  Lawrence  branch  leaves  CUrkeBrille  JunoimD,  runi  itp 
the  Tokomairiro  Riter  and  the  gorge  of  Manuka  Cn*ek^  and  do*n  tu  Wiiuhuiu 
(Qftj-lhree  mil*?*  from  Dunedtn)  and  I^wrence  (tiity  milea).  goldminmg  ccutrt*, 
iriih  an  a^grfgat^  populaiiou  of  about  l^&riO.  1  hia  Ime  i«  being  erteudtd  to»ardi 
B*-Ntimoi(t  atid  Koxburgh.  Gold  was  firtt  dk»cover©d  in  the  l>a<«rfnc«  di»irirt  m 
18R1,  i«r»d  Ihr  uiiiiea  are  ettll  jielditii^  frfelj.  From  Lawrence  a  coach  rutia  to  H^au- 
iiiMiti  (-ffrntj  'wo  miles),  on  the  Clulha  River,  and  ihrnce  up  the  Clutha  Vallfj, 
Croamiig  tlio  Beaumttnt  Bridge  the  road  follows  the  wei^t  bank  of  the  Cluthaj 
pHi^Binig  numieroun  dredging-elaima.  At  eifihtj-nine  miles  is  Httrick^und  s4*Ten  qhIm 
fhril<t<r  on  is  Roxburgh — the  Teviot — (Dmety-six  miles)*  a  town  of  about  6O0 
inhabit  an tf. 

Following  the  nmin  road  alonjc  the  west  bank  of  the  Clutha  Kirer  the  tra?#tler 
fearhes  Alt>i»ridra  South  (122  milft),  at  thejimclion  of  the  MantihenkiA  Rrrer 
with  I  he  Clulha,  »tid  Clyde — the  Dunatan — (ISO  mile^),  the  rouii^r  t*>wn  of  Vincent 
Coiintj.  1  he  next  plaoe  of  importance  ia  Cromwell  (143  mile*),  at  the  junrtion 
of  ihe  Kawarau  RiTcr  with  the  Clutha.  Cromwell  is  a  small  town  of  nearly  700 
iiihabitmrts. 

If  the  traveller  wiehes  lo  pursue  bis  journey  farther  he  can  either  foUow  tbe 
road  up  the  Clutha  to  Newcastle  and  Pembroke,  on  Lake  Wartaka,  or  taJce  tlie 
Knwarnu  Gorge  road  by  way  of  the  Crown  Terrace  to  Queenetown,  on  Lake 
Wakalipu. 

Qutrnttown,  a  township  situated  on  the  shores  of  IJake  Wakatipu^  hai  s 
populaMon  of  665,  and  is  the  centre  of  a  large  gold  -  mining  dtatnet*  The 
chief  fenture  of  Queeostown  is  the  grand  mountain  and  lake  ^c^nery  in  the 
neiRlihriurliood,  whiuh  ailracte  large  numbers  of  tourists  every  year.  Thene  are  two 
wttjs  of  reaching  Queenstown — the  one  by  the  Clutha  Valley  and  Kawarau  Gorge, 
ai  ahof  e  dencribed,  and  the  other  bj  rail  to  King«t4)i],  at  the  foot  of  Lake  Wakatijm, 
and  tlience  by  sleamer,  which  runs  to  suit  the  trains. 

The  Tauiuku  bush,  in  the  south  of  Otago*  has  only  lately  been  opened  up,  btit 
already  a  large  number  of  settlers  are  making  their  home*  there.  Starting  from 
Baleluiha  the  Catlin*s  Biver  branch  line  runs  southwards  to  Romnhapa  (sixtj-one 
milea  from  Dunedin)  on  the  crossing  of  the  main  rosd  to  Port  Molyneux,  theoea 
to  Gleitoinaru  (etiitj^flre  miles),  Owaka  (eerenty-two  miles  from  Dunedin),  nnd  the 
present  terminatton  at  CatUn's,  three  miles  further  on.  The  Catlin'e-Waikawa 
main  road  is  formed  the  whole  way  th roughs  lu  are  also  numerous  district  roadi. 


The  principul  linei  are  as  follows  :  (1-)  The  main  trunk  line  from  Bunedin  fo 
Chri»(i  faurch,  with  hrancht-s  from  Oamaru  to  Hakatammea*  forty 'three  nulea  :  and 
Ouriiaru  to  N^ispara  and  Tokarahi,  twenty-fire  miles  *,  alio«P*>lnier«ton  to  Dunback, 
nine  niile#.  (2)  the  main  trunk  Hue,  Dunedin  to  Irnercarjiill,  with  brai>chM  — 
M^sgiel  to  OMtntm,  nine  miles  ;  Milt-on  t<o  Lawrence,  twentyfuur  miles;  Stirlin(rt9 
KaiiaMgnta,  five  milf-a ;  Balclutha  to  Catlin's  River*  twentj^two  mile s  :  and  Wai> 
pahi  10  E^iievale,  twenty-four  milea.  (3.)  The  Otago  Gentrali  from  Wingatoi  le 
C'hatto  Creek,  118  miles. 

SiaHtiieaL 

The  total  population  of  the  Otago  Land  District  on  the  29th  April, ) 
waa  127.877. 

Area  of  Otago  Land  Dittrict :  Open  land  below  2,000  ft.,  B.230  eqnare  milea  ; 
forcet  land  below  2,C>0O  ft.,  1,710  square  milet ;  open  land  above  2.<i*ai  ft.,  6.177 
aquiire  miles  i  forest  land  above  2,000  ft.,  504 >  «qu»re  miles  ;  area  of  Uket,  kc,^  263 
square  miles  :  tolaU  13|87d  square  miles,  or  8,8HZ,»00  acree. 


THB  OTAGO   LAND   DI8TUI0T. 


727 


Acre*. 


a. 

4. 


Tbe  followiiig  inble  ihowa  the  duipoAitbti  oi  the  Iftnd  m  the  OtAfpa  Di«trict  oq 
8Ut  Muroh,  1906:— 

BoMiDge 
1.  Lftndi  flnallj  alienated,  comprising  freehold  land  and  rei^f-^d 
retervee  (net  ftrea  iifter  dvdycnng  land  acii^uLred!  Uioder 
Land  for  SeUlemetita  Aclft,  &c,) 
Lands  held  oti  deferred  payment,  rural 
Land«  held  on  perpetual  ieH»,  rural      .. 
Lands  held  andt^r  oocypntion-wiili-right'of-purphaaa  clauie 

5.  Lands  held  od  lease  in  perpetuiLj,  ordinary  Crown  lasdii 
rural      ...  ...  ...  .., 

6.  Lands  held  under  agnrulUiinl  Irase  on  gold^elds 
7-  Lands  held  under  Mining  Dtntrieifl  Land  Oci-upntion  Act 

8.  Linda  held  under  village  •fUlement,  deferrt-d  pai+nent    .,. 

9.  Lands  held  under  TitUge  aettlenjientf  nerpetutil  lease 
10.  Lands  held  under  village  settlement,  tease  in  perpictuttj   ... 
11*  Lands    held    tinder  Tillage' hume stead    spedal    teltlement, 

perpftual  lease     ... 
18.  Landd  hehl  by  special-aettlemeDt  aMociaiiont,  te&ta  ia  per* 
petuity... 

13.  Lands  held  as  antall  graiing-runs 

14.  Lands  held  under  pastoral  license,  not  including  bush 

15.  Landa  held  under  lease  and  license  for  RuacellAneous  pur- 
pose#,  excluHite  of  gold^niining 

Lands  acquired  and  dinpoaed  of  aa  tease  in  perpetuity  under 

Land  for  iJettlements  Act*  rural 
Lands    acquired   and    disposed   of   as   amall    grazing  -  runt 

under  Land  for  Settlernenra  Act 
lAndi  acquired  a^^id  disposed  of  as  pastoral  homestead  iitet 

UTidtr  Lund  fur  Seltlements  Act 
Lands  acquired  and  diiipo^ed  of  aa  miscellaneoui  licenees 

under  Land  for  Setllementi  A et 
Crown  lands  open  for  #e  I  eel  ion  (including  Land  for  Settle* 

nientii  Act),  eiclusire  of  pattoml  lands 

21.  Crown  landa  being  prepared  for  selection 

22.  Laud  a|>en  for  a p plication  under  pa^Loral  lieenaet  ,,. 

23.  L&nds  held  hj  aborigiBial  Ntlivea 

24.  Lnltea,  and  CludiH  and  Taieri  Rivera     ... 
I        25,  Balance  of  Crown  lands,  including  mining  reaerres,  public  re- 
L  terrda  not  Tested,  buah  lands,  roads,  barren  eounirj,  &x* 


16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 


90* 


19 

2(16 
254 

2,74S,43l 

6,191 

38.783 

43,006 

775 
16 

228 

2 

16 

118 

189,095 

622 

9,0i5 

100 

312 

1,699 

76 

1,174 

14 
272 

210 

2,766 

6B2,856 
4,320,003 

701 

130.661 

460 

79,61t 

4 

4372 

2 

954 

63 

1,6*0 

••» 

3a,6R5 
40,564 
3i',tr60 
16.500 
16J,600 

*., 

466,830 

■ 


Total  area  of  district  (13,879  square  miles),  8,882,800 

Tenanta  of  lands  included  in  2,  3.  and  4  hare  the  right  of  acquirinu  the  freehold. 
There  is  no  right  of  acquiring  the  freehold  for  teimuis  of  lands  iucludcd  in  5,  6,. 
II,  12,  13,  14,  1&,  16,  17,  18,  and  19. 


ft. 

Th< 
StewnH 


THE    aOUTHLAND    LAND    DISTRICT. 

J.  Hat,  Chief  Survejor* 

Phuftivail  Features, 


The  Southland  District  may  be  Ptat^d  to  comprise  the  Countiet  of  Fiord ^ 
Stewart  I»land,  8<mih|Hnd,  WallHce^  and  part  of  La  Ice,  vnd  10  bounded  on  the  north 
and  ea^t  by  ihe  Oia^jo  Ilistrict,  and  on  the  f»outh  and  wi-st  hy  the  TasntAn  81-a,  «nd 
ijiay  be  aaid  to  lie  ht^lween  souih  latitudea  45°  and  47°  and  eajit  tiiTigirudcA  1<F>B* 
16'  and  1^9'^  loV  For  admin  istniiive  purpnars,  howovrir,  ihe  Linares,  A  nt^ It  land, 
Enderby,  Campbell,  A nlifKKies,  Ronnly,  and  all  other  ifilanda  wiihjn  tho  limits  of 
tb«  colony  south  of  the  47^  parallel  of  south  latitude  are  included  Id  iL, 


728  KEW    EEALAND   OPFfCLAL    TEAB-BOOS. 

Ar€m  tmd  Haturt  ef  Lands, 
The  toUl  trea  of  the  diatrtctf  including  St«wsrt  IfUnd«  bat  0xc1u»ir9  of 
8o1iiiitier,  Rim]iitkp,  »rid  the  oltter  Biiiall  iiil&n<l«  enumermled  abare,  is  7»54S4S,592 
Acrt^e.  of  winch  500.0UU  are  covered  with  biith.  A  coufiiderable  ftr^A  tu  th« 
Fiord  County  coitftU'i  of  immense  alpine  counrrj  with  icrubbj  butU  reachitiit  f^O 
the  tnow.hne.  This  tieile  known  rouiiirj  eii«fnUa  to  the  wr:»ti'rii  s««,  and  \\\en 
preaeuis  the  remiirkible  tMildnmtioiiJi  of  the  coiisiline  knowi  as  the  VVt'St  Gxul 
&*uitd9«.  'ihe  wt^ole  region  is  a  piradi^e  for  th«  ariist,  und,  indeed,  for  itll  entKu* 
siMsttc  lover*  of  iiftlurt-,  but  ha*  hide  attructioii  for  the  aKncuttiirl»t  or  pAetor«hfL 
Thi}  butth  land  «uiiuhle  for  litubcr  lie?  m  I  he  neigh^oufhottd  of  Forr^t  llitJ| 
Ilokonui,  Wuikti^a,  and  on  St^-wiirl  Island.  Tlit?  limbers  of  coniinercial  ralu*  art 
tMium,  rimUt  miro,  nmLai,  kaluktttfa,  ruta.  and  kamaln,  iu  mixed  bushes;  but  JWas 
ftiMvu  nnd  other  be^rbef  predoMiifiat^  on  the  high  lauds. 

The  oneii  lar^d  in  Southland  and  WihilaM  Couniiea,  in  its  natural  etaU,  carries 
tu^Boi'k  H(^a  ^now-^rast,  ft- rn«  lUx,  tnaimka,  kc  and  there  U  a  considerable  area  of 
marslij  land,  inici>i|!er»ed  here  and  thi^re  with  pent  bugs. 

Ferhetps  tht)  must  tlriking  feature,  if  we  eiclude  the  Fiord  countr/,  it  the 
number  of  well  drlined  nv«r»  and  mlltfjrs  of  (be  dii»triet,  ihe  latter  often  videoifig 
out  10  BtiL'h  an  pitent  as  t<>  furm  Teiir  (^rl-rnsife  piaiiiB.  Commencing  with  Uie 
eaiitern  siile«  lite  Maiaura.  Oreu  (or  New  Hirer),  A  pan  ma  {or  Jacob's  KiTer)»  and 
WniMu  are  the  most  prominent  illustrationa  of  thi* ;  hut  these  rirera  bj  no  metuu 
exhaust  thi^  lieit,  aft  iliej  all  hare  numerous  tributaries,  which  exhibit  the  same 
features  on  a  snniller  scale, 

Speakiiifr  generiilly,  the  watersheds  of  these  riTera  do  not  attain  ahj  fp^at 
height  until  followed  far  Inland ,  and  near  the  great  takes  to  be  presentlj  tivticvd. 
Frf>m  wlmt  bas  been  said  abore  it  folio wi  that  tlie  extensire  plain*  and  valleji 
referrt*d  to  are  of  alluviul  formation,  in  many  places  of  very  rich  and  fertile  quatitji 
and  Cii|mbte  of  raii^inip  crops  of  ererj  known  prodnct,  subjectt  of  eourne,  to  alitoalie 
iimiiai ions.  Generally  these  pkina  and  valleys  rbe  from  the  river  levels  in  i 
rerj  gradual  slope,  sotnetiinea  into  a  sertetof  terraces  from  10  ft,  to  &Oft.  in  height, 
tnd  snntel lines  itito  undulating  hills  intersected  at  frequent  interrals  hj  lateral  gulh«s 
atflrrdinf  natunil  drainage  and  an  sbun^larit  >upply  of  water. 

These  hills  are  co^t^red  with  an  iiidiKenouM  growth^  consisting  of  tussock  and 
other  grasses,  fern,  (lax»  &c.,  and  eren  iu  their  native  state  afford  excciieot  graiing  for 
iheep. 

Kear  the  large  lakes,  such  as  Wakalipu,  To  Amiu,  Manapouri,  Hauroto,  and 
olhers,  and  between  ihene  aud  the  we!»t  cu«si,  the  country  beromes  very  high,  often 
rea*'hing  6jfXKJ  ft.  and  *>,tXK>  ft.  above  t»ea  level,  with  very  uteep  and  rugged  spurs — 
this  is  ihe  Fiord  tountry  hefure  roferri*d  to.  The  op«n  country  occa-ionatlr  pre* 
sents  a  numb^T  of  ridg«?«  uml  terser  mountnin  l^ps  ravered  with  tu»»ock  and  othrr 
hrrbage,  aillirdirig  a<.limrable  paaiure  for  »heep  ui  suHimer;  but  stock  have  to  be 
reniovetl  Iroin  April  to  October,  during  whifh  period  this  couotr/  is  genendly 
covered  with  snow. 

Southland  does  not  contain  so  much  foreat  as  most  of  the  North  Island  distrieta, 
and  this  will  ac^'ount  fur  its  early  and  e xten At ve  settlement  j  nevertheless  there  are 
considtimble  arca<«  of  forest  in  the  t^suitern,.  southern,  and  weetern  parts,  and  on 
Stewart  islandj  and  a  large  export  tmde  is  done  in  the  different  kinds  of  pine  and 
Other  timbers  used  for  buildttig,  engnie«rin|(,  furniiure-maktng,  &e. 

Frum  what  has  he^-n  fairt  o(  the  river  systems  it  w»U  be  evident  that  the 
eountry  is  well  supplied  with  waier^  although  none  of  the  rifers  oho  be  used  fa? 
purposes  of  internal  conimunii*aiion ;  but  the  plains  are  traversed  bj  railways  for 
oundidernble  diatniices  from  the  pnndpal  town«,  and  whfre  the  ratlwitys  end  com- 
munication is  continued  by  good  roads,  so  that  there  is  prohnbly  no  pisrt  of 
the  coluny  belter  olf  for  meant  of  transit;  and  with  the  Blu0  Harbour  ihe  Soutli* 
land  Oisirict  would  seem  to  possess  every  facility, 

AgricuHmr€, 
Having  already  touched  on  the  character  of  the  soil,  it  only  remaint  to  saj 
Ihat  the  plains^  terraoet,  and  bwer  hiils  are  well  adapted  for  nuiiog  wheat,  oftll^ 


p 


THE    60UTHLAKD   LAND    DlSTltfCT.  729 

snd  othc^r  crrealiii  turnipi,  manirolds,  beets,  &Tid  the  TftHoui  oilier  rrcvfii  rommon  to 
iein Iterate  climitt.ef,  Wlifftt  i«  not  to  widelj  (frown  m  it  miglit  He,  for  the  rt-oKin, 
probuhlj,.  rhutthe  panioral  braneliei  of  fariiiiH|^  recf^ire  more  flLltci*tioo  limn  the 
ftgrir'ulttiral.  and  wlie»*t  if  not  rfiquired  for  thesi*,  wh<Ti^«  omU  are  Urireij 
^rown  for  export  ami  to  feed  •Keepin  the  ft»rm  of  chafl*;  tMrnips  nlno  »remiic"b  culti- 
Tfltf^d  for  winter  food.  Wlipre  wheat  ii  ifrown  the  lield*  iire  ▼*'ry  sMtii^fnrt^irr, 
ranging  from  40  to  f¥^  humUeh  per  enre,  while  onl»  fr*«qiif*titly  nfiTe  70  'o  8t>  by^ieli. 

Lm#eefl  i»  now  receiving  i«ome  attention  from  fwrmfri,  iti  they  fitid  readj  pnle 
for  it  to  the  manufacturing  ehemifltt  at  remuneratire  pricet,  a  fair  crop  yielding 
ower  £5  per  acre. 

Dairif-farminff^  ^e. 

Dairy 'farming  now  forniN  a  Tnrj  im|wrtant  industry  In  tliU  diHtriof^  a  mtmber 
of  fuetoriea  linvine  been  Pitahli^heil,  tf^e  tolal  nnmher  now  in  the  di*iri<*t  hemi; 
9  creameriep,  23  cheefie-fat-lfrifP,  nnd  2  riniry  int'lonrp,  one  beii>g  a  liirge  I'ondeiifti-d- 
mitk  fftt^tjfiry  and  one  mulling  nr^t-flai**  St  ill  on  choeue.  In  llim  coniipc'tiiin  the 
Oif'tome  DepartnufTit  rptyrn«  {lt*OH)  for  tlii-«  di-tnct»  uoflrr  *'Eiporii,"  give  the 
fuUowing  interesling  figures:  iEutiei,  56icwt.,  value  £2,490;  cbeeae,  33«2U9oivtn 
▼alue  £til,36a 

Sheep  -far  m  inff. 

By  far  the  moit  important  indnBtri**9  are  llio»e  connented  with  the  mining  And 
evpori  of  mutton  nnd  wooh  Some  jear^i  ago  «1iei*p-fnrniing  wiifi  mncli  hindered 
by  the  inro«d*  of  rabhiia  i  but  owing  to  the  reprr^sive  niea>ure«  adopt<-'d  there  hue 
been  a  marked  abatement  of  the  pe^t,  TUi*  hill  country,  HJihouKh  il  <<oe9  not  rjirry 
a  large  proportion  of  itoek  do  area,  la  emin<*ntlj  heallliy.  The  aveniife  carrying- 
capHoitT  over  the  whole  distnet  wonhl  probahly  be  sliishtly  otcp  one  fhe*'p  to  the 
acre.  Until  within  ihe  \n»i  ffw  years  mos't  of  the  runs  were  eiock^d  with  menno«i 
but  owing  to  the  d^'f-line  in  prife  of  merino  wf>ol,  and  to  the  eart-ase  being 
aniirceptable  to  the  Kiiropean  marki»t^  tliese  aiifi-p  hure,  gener>illy  speakinKp  bet-T  re- 
placed by  Leic«*8ler9,  Lincolna,  Honnfey  Marsh,  Chrviot,  and  LTOMtirfdu  of  various 
lii]d«i,  Kcl ter  siiiled  to  the  eiii^ting  deniandft.  Tl'ie  tntid  nurnt>er  of  ehre|>  ou  the 
bo  I'kt  of  the  U>eal  Stock  DeparlineTit  renches  l.l7*^,M<i7.  This  niunhpr  i*  dii^triibuted 
o»er  3onthltind  DiMrict.  During  tlie  Idter  pori ion  of  Ihe  p+at  year  m^^ny  of 
the»e  were  afqiiirfd  by  f^ettlere  from  the  norlhern  di^trielft  of  (he  cohmy.  but  th« 
aunee»«ful  lambing  teAi»on  iiiterTening  ha»  more  thuii  nt*utrnlised  iliie  di3|ilHion. 
A  number  of  large  est-ahlidh men ta  fur  sUughtering  and  frrpxini^  ixhpfp  and  tinning 
meat  are  at  work.  Two  lari^e  ent.ahhtihinf'nti*  ari^  ^itoMted  at  the  Bhifi",  and  n  not  her 
at  Mtitaura  (<>n  the  Mwin  Trunk  Rail woy- line).  Beef,  inn t ion,  and  riibhit  tinning 
works  Imt'e  been  eittMbliahed  fur  #ouie  jears  ut  the  Gup  Hiiad.  neitr  Wititon,  while 
anal  her  it  in  o^terntiim  at  Wood  Ian' tf.  The  eipoHa  from  the«e  fu<*tMries  (frozen 
meiita)  as  reitirurd  for  |m«t  year  are  a*  fi^liow  ;  Frozen  mutiori^r»4,5(*4  cmv»M««, 
talue  £43,114  J  lamb  — aa.Oil  carcwes,  value  £*51,3S5  j  rabbit-skiui  —  l,U7».75ii 
value  £10,6  LL 

hidusirial  (Coal,  Gold,  itc). 
Eiten^ire  seams  of  coal  and  lignite  are  dii*tritMi!ed  over  the  di»*rict»  and  a 
liirge  drpo^it  of  bmwn  ♦oal  i*  be  in  if  dereloped  by  the  Kinhtcujw  Coal  Cimpany. 
This  coal  ii  used  throtiehout  the  diAtru't.^  and  it*  utility  Iimb  been  r^roguised  by  the 
Bail  way  D»*partm<'iit  of  th**  colony,  #ome  li*,'M»0  lo  'in.CXJD  Ioub  havitig  bren  u*M 
on  the  Southland  seHit)n  of  New  Z^^-aland  rrtilwnyi  durini;  the  pxitt  yeirr.  Gnat  of 
qnaliiy  similar  to  tliat  mi  the  NietttCHps  has  bf-en  opt-ned  up  at  Uokontii,  and  itome 
&2.000  lona  have  been  taken  out  I  herefrom,  Ihe  c^nnpHrulivdy  ^mall  demnnds  of 
the  disirii't,  however,  led  to  the  n^ine  bt-tng  closed  down  a  few  yeart  ^inue,  A 
deposit  of  »hnle  rovering  a  fwir  area  eii*ts  at  Orepuli.  Peat  i^  also  found  in  #oine 
up'Conntry  neighbourhoods— iiotahly  at  Mrttaurn— and  is  u*ed  for  fuel  wheru  wood 
and  coal  are  §rari'e.  Quid  i«  ftnutd  nil  over  thedi«lrieli  and  i«  be.ng  ubtuiued  eiihi^r 
b?  sluiLMiig  or  dredging.  A  cnn»iderahle  nmonnt  of  4'iinibd  hiii*  b<"en  invortteil  in 
river  and  henvh  drediees  worked  by  ««leiim.  The  drefiyinif  operain>ns  of  thi»  ^laat 
Teir  have  for  the  niofit  part  been  cimHued  V\  the  streiims  Iving  eif«t  of  thr«  \latMU 
^ter.       Twenty 'three   6leam  power    dredgee   are  on   the    Wuikaka^  tLiirieea 


1 


730 


HEW    ZEALAItD   OFriCUL   TBAB-BOOK. 


: 


■ 


W^aiAt    ten    on    the    WaimuTDu    nnd    Charlton    Strfamt,    md    one    at    Qon. 

TIit;»€!i  dredftPt  tavc  bo^-n  working  (or  »ome  jeni^,  and  the  Ti«ld»  of  gold,  ftlthoa^ 
of  ttii  inUrmitt^nt  cKarH<rt€'r,  liave  on  ihe  whole  been  raliofariorft  Pftvuble  gjoUi- 
benriiig  rt*pf*  eiiBi  in  Prp«err«fion  Inlrt  »nd  at  Stewart  l»1and.  Among  ilte  ["tpcr 
in«iu-trie«  tUe  prcparaiion  of  the  fibne  of  the  natiTe  flax  plant  (i'AonnivMi  lenax)  tt 
ivortltT  of  notice.  The  pUnt  i«  found  all  over  this  diitrict,  «nd  rorij*»ti  tnillt 
ha*e  been  *ct  up.  I  Ik-  more  reinuneratife  and  regular  price*  obtained  during  lk# 
patt  je&r  will,  tf  upheld,  make  thin  a  Bttradj  ioduatry  tlirou^hout  the  diatri^t. 

lM»lf  but  of  conaideriible  Talue  in  retultii,  the  timber  induitrj  of  the  diiiiiel 
inerit«  attt*iilioii.  Fur  m*nj  jeara  tbe  acttve  effl>«ti  of  ttie  Mwuiiller  have  prored  i 
»oyr<5e  of  eonsideritblt^  weahh.  No  leec  than  fifiT-one  sawihille  ar«  now  at  work 
oU  and  on  witlitn  the  K^fntly  i-eiluced  timber-areas  of  Souihtand,  and  it  la 
feare<l  that  thin  diaitnct  will  bt*  worked  out;  at  anj  rate,  tbe  mduatrj  will  b^  very 
oouiiderablj  reduced  in  the  near  future. 

FUk. 
Salt-water  fish  abound  in  great  numben  in  the  waten  turroundini;  Stewart 
Ifllaiidf  and  ojtters  are  foiind  on  banks  between  tliat  ii^land  and  the  BluC  Ftih 
mre  larnelj  exported  to  Melbourne,  a«  ii!#o  tbe  aj»ter«  during  th*-  open  seajon.  All 
the  lar^e  rirert,  and  inanr  of  the  tributaries,  are  welt  etorked  with  trout,  while  for 
beat  J  trout- iaii  in  g  the  Wmihu  River  mnj  be  mentioned  at  one  of  the  finest  in  Kev 
Zf aland.  One  rirer  —the  Aparima'— had  lalmon-fpawn  put  into  it  eoine  jmn  u^ 
and,  it  is  DOW  believed,  with  ftucceie. 

Frmit. 

Tbe  small  English  fruits,  such  aa  gooseberries* eurranta,  raspberriee,  stT^wbernn^ 
4e,|  grow  in  great  prufusioiit  as  do  also  apples.     8tone-fruit«  are  not  to  oomil 
although  peaches*  neetannes,  apricots,  ^.,  do  well  when  trained  against  du 
walls  in  farourable  aspects. 

The  climabe  is  bracing  in  winter,  and  warm  and  genial  in  spring  and  summST 
The  old  residenls  slate  that  there  has  been  a  marked  decrease  in  the  rainfall  within 
the  last  deoade.  No  regular  observations  hare  been  recordei  for  the  last  few  jearv, 
but  it  is  behoved  that  tlie  arirage  is  abuut  30  in.  a  7«ar.  It  maj,  howerer,  be  ob- 
served that  more  ntin  falls  near  the  coast  than  inland,  and  also  that  the  rainfall  is 
more  eTenlj  distributed  throughout  the  jear  thsn  is  the  caJie  in  the  nortbera  pait 
of  the  oolonj.     The  temperature  varies  from  40°  in  winter  to  TO'^  in  summer. 

TnTeT«argili,  th«  chief  town,  was  from  the  first  well  laid  out  with  wide  st 
and  liher«l  reserve*  in  the  town  belts  for  recreation  purposes.  The  town  has  I 
eonspicuous  bj  the  arohitectural  bfs u(j  preiien ted  lo  (he  visitor  in  the  tnanj  1 
builrlings.  Among  the^ic — all  in  bnck,  concrete,  or  limestone— the  bmnchrs  of  ths 
leading  banks  doifig  buniiiesn  in  this  colnnj  are  promt netit,  also  hotels  and  manj 
wholesale  and  retail  mercaittile  bouses.  The  Government  Buildings  are  on  a  seals 
not  often  seen  in  a  town  of  the  sanie  size,  and  a  dock  and  chtmes  of  New  Z<*aland 
miike  have  bem  placed  in  (he  centml  tower.  The  Corporal  ion  provides  water  and 
gas,  also  dii«p<]se«  of  sewage,  kc,  for  tbe  oitiseni.  The  streets  are  wrl!  lighted,  pa  ted, 
and  maintiiiMed.  Artesian  water  i«  pumped  to  the  top  of  a  handsome  bnck  t^jwer— 
which,  hy  the  waj*  is  a  verj  couspicuoMS  Undtnark — and  stored  there  in  a  tank,  from 
whteh  most  of  the  houses  within  the  town  boundaKes  are  supplW.  The  popular 
tion,  tnduiiing  suburb«,  is  about  12,500.  Five  ntilwavs  concentrate  here,  one  from 
the  fained  Cold  Lakes,  anottier  from  Uunedin  and  Chrislchun^h,  a  third  tine  «oai* 
muoicates  with  the  ainricultunil  and  pastoral  country  Iving  east  of  iho  Mataur* 
Eiter,  known  as  the  Seaward  Bush  line,  a  four>h  Ime  opens  commiinicatiou  wilb 
the  eiten<fed  area  tAetttward  covered  hy  the  Wallace  County  and  known  as  the 
Wtfsteru  District,  while  vhe  sWrt  \\uo  to  \X\«  'totV.  ol  "OXviSL  <»zTVfa%%VuM.v^  limfio— 


rbemsi^    . 

""1 


i  strain 
ibecSH 
an?  fl^ 


THE   SOUTHLAND   LAND   DISTRICT.  T81 

the  mftiTi  prijdace  of  the  di»trict-*for  eitport  Hope  wad  twiii«,  oirriftg©  and  im- 
I^emeiit  facUrrieg,  Aour-rnJllB,  t«vrinitli,  fellnaongerieai,  %  hocyl-taet^iTj^  (hiv«  baron- 
facior<f*f,  brit'k  and  potfery  worki,  iron- foil iidriea,  and  Tarioiis  otlier  induitnea  are 
in  Bcti?«  opiTtition.  Th' r«  are  tliree  Brit-eliiM  lioteK  In  the  sumnier  p^aiOQ 
InvercargiU,  bj  the  arriTal  of  iiiterL^olouirtl  fi(ftamer«  and  exprewi  trainn,  may  be 
■aid  lo  h«*  thronged  wilb  Ti^ilor*  and  touriPti  detjriiig  to  tiew  I  he  beau  tie*  of 
Stewart  Island  or  thii  more  dmtant  high  alpHie  wcnuerj  and  dp4>p  wateri  of  the 
Gold  Lake«  District  (Te  Anau,  Wakaltpu,  Mtinapouri  and  ihe  further  l^kfti},  for^ 
doubile«»,  the  combinalioni  of  icenery  iberv  preteuJed  in  nionut>ti>i,  |fl*cii*r,  and 
lake  are  uneicypllmi  to  either  hemiephere.  It  should  aUo  be  meitioned  tlimt  Stewart 
Inland  IB  now  tx]<nn€Krted  by  mi^ans  of  a  aubmariim  cable  used  for  leteplhmic  ci>m- 
municarion,  wliich  is  of  the  gretst^^st  sertioe  (o  bus<Hi<»si-men  and  pl^a^ure  i^eekrFa. 
Alt  hong  h  the  Blyff"  is  the  prirmipal  port,  Inv^ercHrgiil  ii  proridad  wilh  a  lennier 
liarbour  in  the  New  Riter  KBtuary,,  rorifiing  ita  we»<ern  msriEirt,  where  rhere  i»  a 
jetty  with  appliances  for  the  use  of  itniill  itramer*  a*id  craft  trading  with 
Stewart  Island  and  along  the  coaat,  llm  goodi  being  handled  within  the  town 
boundariep. 

Campbelltown,  sitnafed  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  known  as  Ihe  **  BhifT,"  hma 
becortie  a  ptare  of  Aome  irnpurtunce  in  the  diet  net,  being  i^tenlillt^d  with  the  BlulF 
Harbour.  The  population  at  the  i»»t  cenfti*^  eiHu^fe  oi  ihoae  on  i!>hiphi»arfi,  waa 
about  1,500.  The  town  pre*efUs  Ktrne  good  b*ntding* — frozen^uieat  works,  ^mt^•lp, 
grain  sritrei*,  and  nhipprng  ofHcr*.  all  in  brick.  PfrhnpB  th«^  niost  conspictiouM  hiitld- 
ing  I*  B^en  in  the  Goternmrfit^  Po-t,  Tflcgrnph,  and  Cyis4fo>iiB  build mg.  with  it* 
clot  k  t^wer  and  chimei  ;  while  the  railway  offi.'e«.  with  hardly  l^s*  proportions,  and 
eonTenienceA  lately  added  to  farilitule  the  ea^^j  handlinif  of  gDud*,  a!*t>ert  tlie  pro* 
pperity  of  the  place.  Coin le fled  by  mil  with  InTercargiil  (refi-nleen  mites— aix 
traiiiB  dnilyij  a  Tery  lureo  shipping  biipineis  is  efficfed  here  in  the  imports  and 
eiporfa  of  the  agiictiltural  count les  of  Southland,  WnUoce,  Lttke,  and  SifWMrt 
Wand,  prinoipally  tJon^i^tiTig  in  pxporit  of  wool,  grain,  f riiii  n  inutlon,  rnbbits,  fish, 
cheese,  bntler,  tinibiT^  OiiX,  and  ojiteis;  and  in  importe  of  generul  mercluindipe, 
gnnno.  roal|  and  hardwood  tinkhir.  In  1905,  710,800  biiiihels  of  ont*,.  of  the  ?iiliie 
of  £t;5.5ii9,  were  eiporled*  The  increiii»ing  trade  of  the  port  has  bt-en  steadily  met 
by  Ihe  hurbour  authf  rliies  in  inL:'r»'U'e  of  wbaHifge-aer'jniinodnMon  in  the  diret'lion. 
of  widenng  ATid  «trenglhef»ing^  and  there  i*  no*'  a  fine  wharf,  1,760  fr.  (onu,  wiih 
four  hnes  of  ratls,  having  9,300  ft,  of  berthage,  all  well  lit,  a«  also  the  to*n,  wjt.h 
elrctric  liirht.  A*  a  further  indication  of  the  iTttpnrian'e  of  ihe  port,  it  rii-ay  be 
iieted  tltat  steamera  having  a  combined  net  tonrtage  of  460,727  Ions  entered  mwardi 
during  1905,  and  compripe4l  the  largeft  frozrn-*i  eat  carrier*  of  ihe  Now  ZeitUnd 
Shipping,  Shire,  Tvfier,  Federah  an  i  Shaw<Siird)  linit.  The  port  is  a  nstiiral  one, 
poseesriing  good  aheher  and  atvchorage  with  Hpip  wMler.  On  account  of  thediepth 
of  water,  the  port  it  fiequenily  selected  as  the  Bniil  port  of  departure  for  Udly* 
ladrn  vessi^Ip^  and  in  April.  1903^  the  b  a.  'VAyrshire '*  left  the  port  for  Londim 
drawing  27  ft.  10  in.,  and  with  a  rargfi  eatimtt*-d  to  be  15,0U0  tons  i  bi*t  in  ?iew  of 
the  inrrt-ating  sizi*  of  steamers  and  the  po^iiblitj  of  the  great  ocean  pHi-eng»-r  lines 
eitemiing  their  tenninali  to  New  Z'^aland^the  Board  recently  imporied  an  up  to- 
date  bucket  and  auction  drt^dge^  bnilt  by  diroon»,  of  Renfrtiiv,  and  capable  of  dredging 
to  a  depth  of  40  ft.  By  ihit  means  it  is  intended  to  make  the  harbour  one  of  the 
moat  accessible  and  coromtHlicius  in  the  color»y,  Tiie  Blufi'  is  also  known  as  the  first 
and  last  port,  of  call  for  steamers  trading  with  To^rnunin  and  Ausiralia, 

Next  in  sise  to  Invercargill  is  the  inland  Town  of  Gore,  situated  on  the  Mataiin* 
River,  and  at  the  junctiori  of  ihe  Main  Trunk  Kail  way  with  the  Waimen  Plains 
Braneh.  Owing  lo  thm  fact^  and  to  the  fertility  of  ihe  land  in  the  netghhourhood, 
Gorp  is  rapidly  growing  m  sire  and  importance.  The  popolation  li  now  about 
8,050, 

KiTert^Ti  (population  920)  is  a  pretty  Utile  town,  about  twenty-fire  mile*  from 
InferiHrgill,  witb  which  it  i«  t'onnerled  by  rail,  which  runs  thrfntgh  to  Ort-pnki  and 
Waihnoka  i  it  is  situated  on  Ihe  extnary  of  AparimH,  or  Jai*ob*t  Rtver>  Rnerion  is 
the  oldest  settlemefit  in  Sontldand,  aud  was  a  great  resort  for  whalers  in  former 
jeara.     The  harbour  is  available  for  attd  used  b|  ooaaliii^*ireB«QtB^  but  the  Qtiiuii^al 


732 


KKW    ZEALAND   OPFICIAI^    TlBAIl-BOOK, 


c»iTjifig-tr»ide  19  do^e  bj  ni\.     Tli^re  »m  iHTer*!  MwrDilla  it»  the  ftflivtiboarfiood^ 
this  iruluitrj  bring  Iftrgrtj  cArried  on  netf  tbe  many  titobiffed  loG»ltlte«  in  tb« 

Otauitiiu»  on  the  b«nk»  of  tbe  Btrram  bf«rin|^  t1i«  i^Ameimme,  ia  ilie  oountj  town 
ol  Wiillttre,  and  ttue  a  fxipuUtioii  of  nboiit  600^  It  i»  Ui^  liiiiri^uiin);  c«n<re  of  all 
tJmt  larte  nrrfi  of  agritiilmrni  and  piitoml  eounlrj  Iring  bel^rcen  the  Lon^wuod 
ruTige  find  l!ie  Wttinu  Ki^er^  iin*t  norfliw^rd*  lo  the  Mitrnroii  Rivrr.  Jt  b>«i  tiifrct 
conirittiiticHtion  by  ritil  with  Inrer  nrgili,  NTKl»t(tipi,  and  Ofrpuki.  ]ii  Otaiitna 
Jiirne  (^riiJn-^rnred  lire  set-n,  flDurtnilJ*,  Mitd  a  dairy  fm-u-trT^  while  in  the  TirmitT 
f  iiMher  Htid  i\vk%  riiills  are  tiiH.  with.  Thf  most  direct  inland  contmiinieation  wiin 
Liike»  Mimiipouri  and  Te  Antiii  ii  Ht  mad  punsinjz  th rough  ilie  town  and  onwdrdt. 
Till*  rouic  if  well  *uiti>d  for  rehirtilar  irwMr,  bni  ihp  faruurite  or  more  ra*i-  line  of 
ronniuiin-iaion  ii  bj  rail  from  lurercari^ill  tx>  LumsdeQ  aud  onward  by  coach  at 
before  not  lend. 

Tlic  Vi1lag<"  of  Niph'cnp*  ii»  reiKihed  by  a,  ^liort  line  of  railwaj  from  Thomburj, 
on  till*  IiiTfr^ari^ill-Riveflou  linu.  A  large  ct»lherj  exists  here.  (St-e  Industrial. 
Ooiil,  A;c.,  anie) 

The  Towii  of  Winlon  (popnirttion  about  476)  is  on  Ibe  I nrerctrgill- Kingston 
Rail ¥L Mj,  at»oui  t went  1^  miles  ilisiUint  from  IttrvrcMruiU,  nnit  is  ihe  fenirr  of  a  gftod 
furmiitg.  Miwnnlling,  nnd  c^o^il-tnining  diflrirt.  A  short  line  of  niilwar  has  bren 
op«nrd  from  here  lo  IledjEf^hopp,  an  extensive  agrifultuml  locality  l}iog  some  fifteeo 
miles  awav  in  a  tn-e-terlr  dirtrtion. 

Lumsden  is  the  jiiHrtmn  of  the  Kingston  (Tjnke  Walottipii),  InvercannlU  *nd 
Woimea  Plnjnp  Rttilwfiv-linee,  Co»u*hf»  starting  from  he^e  tnk«  putaetigers  and 
mails  to  Liittfs  Ma^>^f<ouri  and  Te  Ansu  and  thf^  f^urroundiiig  conntrj, 

£aBl  of  inverrnrfciil]  ate  Edendrtle  an<l  Wyndh»m,buth  with  railway  ronneclioD) 
and  utrroiinded  hj  ruh  ngricuhnrul  counlry  remhrnf  lo  Furtnfcsr,  with  gtjod  roads. 
Foi trope  is  ensily  reiic}>ed  frain  InrerfarKil!  by  ibe  Seaward  Bush  RiiiliMraf,  which 
con}t«*i'ts  with  the  Wjndhmn  Rot»d  nt  WHtTnuhnka,  di-tant  about  four  mil»*i  nf>rih 
of  Forlrof^e.  H  is  enrronnded  hj  exceedingly  fertile  eountrr,  and  the  harbour 
(eslunrir  of  ihe  Mataum  Ri^er)  ciin  be  <-nier»*d  by  coasting  sieii me r«. 

Ert^'twurd  of  Fortrose  iind  about  midwHV  b'lween  that,  plare  and  Catlings  Biver 
is  WaikMWA,  a  newlj'^N'filed  township  wiih  a  harbour  for  eossters,  and  a  large  area 
of  ^nrvpjed  Crown  liind  around,  with  good  timber,  available  for  s»'ttlefnent, 
Sleaijiers  tradii^g  with  Dunedin  and  Inverrargifl  rttll  here  and  at  Fortrose  at  regular 
interrals,     A  gtiod  export  of  timber  oecurs  at  VVaikawa, 


Crown  Lands  for  DUpntal, 

The  totJil  srea  of  surveyed   lands  remaining  op-n  for  selection  as  on  the  Slat 
Marcb,  19(^6,  wns  63^067  aci^ef,  comprisitjg  ihe  following  lands: — 

TowE  and  Buburbsn               ,.,              ...              ,,,  6fl2  acres. 

TitlMge-homoF^lcad  seltlemonts               ...               ,.,  f>32  „ 

Knrnl— onlinnrjr       ..              ...              ..,              .,.  3»0t3  „ 

t^     — lju»li  and  swiimp       .,.              ,„  37^055  „ 

Land  for  Belt If-ments              ,.,             ...               ,  4'«!^2l  „ 

Rural— W^f  ill  |»prpptui(j    ,..             ...             ...  6.998  ., 

,f     — bnsh  and    swamp    (lease  in  perpeluiijir)» 

uiisurrejed              ...              ,.,              .,»  ...  ^ 

ToUl    ...               .,              .„               .  B2,3!l  „ 

Unstirvejed  pastoral  runs      ..             .,»             ,.,  Il,ri56  „ 

Qrosa  total            .              ...             ..,  6d,9ft7  » 


NEW  ZEALAND'S  EXTENDED  BOUNDARIES. 

?OTS8     ON     THB     CoOK     ^  NB     OTHER     I^I.ANDa     4KNEXED     TO     NeW     ZeALaNO 

IN  lyoL 

J.  W.  Black. 

The  Pacific  islands  annoxw)  to  this  colony  in  pnrsunncc  of  resolu- 
ions  passed  by  tho  House  of  llcpruseMtiitivi-s  in  .September  nnd  Ortober, 
|IK)0,  wem  l{arotonga,  Mangiiia,  Mnnke,  Atiu,  Aitittnki,  Mittnro, 
"Tervey  Islniids,  Palmcrston,  Niue»  DMni;er,  l^akalianpa,  Mamhiki, 
f*fnrh3*ii,  and  SoAvarrovr.  Tiikntca  find  Nassau,  not  au'utiiined  in  the 
^I'solutions^  also  He  within  tlit*  boundary-linen  nrescrihtHl  by  the  Imperial 
)rder  in  Council  and  the  New  Zealand  Proel.imation  dealing  with  the 
knnexation.  Under  "The  Cook  and  other  Islands  Goveinmcat  Act, 
IHJI/*  the  Federal  Parliament  of  the  Cook  Islands  and  the  ficveral 
Native  Couacils  were  contiiined  nnder  the  names  '*  Federal  Council'* 
and  **  Island  Councils*"  Thi^  Fortner  has  power  to  enact  Federal 
Ordinances  for  the  government  of  all  the  islands  excepting  Niue,  irhile 
fciich  Island  Council  can  nmko  local  Ordinances  Koverning  the  inhabi- 
tants within  its  jurisdiction.  No  Ordinance  passed  in  the  islands. 
huwever,  cun  have  the  force  of  law  until  assentefl  to  by  the  Governor  of 
New  Zealand  in  the  name  and  on  behalf  of  His  Majesty;  and  the 
Governor  has  power,  by  Order  in  Council,  to  direct  that  any  of  the 
laws  in  force  in  the  islands  at  the  conimencement  of  the  principal  Act 
shall  be  repealed  or  modified.  The  Governor  in  C<>uacil  has  power  also 
to  apply  to  the  islands  tkuy  Liw  in  force  in  New  Zealand,  either  in  whole 
or  witli  mo<l»fications,  excepting  the  hwa  reUting  to  niccibolic  liquors. 
'*  The  Licensing  Act  Amendment  Act»  1904,'*  contains  special  pro- 
visions dealing  with  tlie  f|Ucstion  of  li<|nor  in  the  C^ook  and  other 
Inlands.  The  New  Zealand  t'lnstom*  Tariff  is  in  force  within  the  ex- 
tended bonndaries,  and  the  Governor,  by  Order  in  Conncil,  may  from 
time  to  timu  modify  the  tariff  as  applying  to  any  of  the  islands. 

The  lawH  are  enforced  thron^h  the  High  Court,  which  has  juria- 
diction  throughout  the  whole  of  the  islands  e3tcepting  Nino  ;  and, 
IB  the  Cook  Group,  until  ltH}r},  thnre  w^ere  alRo  the  Arikis'  Courts, 
which  were  composed  of  Native  Judges,  except  at  Aitutaki,  where  no 
Court  was  legally  constituted  unless  the  European  Magistrate  was  pre- 
sent. Under  "  The  Cook  and  other  Islands  Government  Act  Amend- 
ment Act,  1904,'*  however,  the  Arikis*  Courts  have  been  abolished  in 
all  those  islands  in  which  a  European  Resident  Atrent  has  been  ap- 
pointed, and  the  jurisdiction  and  power  of  these  Courts  or  a  Judge 
thereof  are  now  exercised  by  such  Resident  Agent*  The  High  Court 
has  exclusive  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  of  murder  or  of  assault  with 
intent  to  commit  murder,  and  in  all  cases  of  manslaughter;  in  all 
criminal  charges  against  foreign  residents;  and  in  all  cases  between 
foreiEn  residents,  or  between  foreign  residents  and  Maoris  in  which 
the  plaintiPF  may,  with  the  consent  of  the  Chief  Judcce,  begin  an  action 
in  the  Court,  or  may  with  the  same  consent  seek  reilress  for  any  wrong 
nMeged  to  have  bepn  dene  by  any  local  Government  in  any  island. 
I'he  Chief  Judge  has  power  to  send  any  ease  of  a  criminal  charge 
against  a  foreign  resident  for  trial  before  a  Court  constituted  under 
the  prnvi^^ions  of  the  Pacific  Order  in  Council.  The  headquarters  of 
the  High  Court  are  at  Harotonga*  where  it  sits  once  a  week,  buE  visits 
are    periodically    mode    to    the    other    islands    withtn    its    iurisdiciiciti. 


■ 


734  irSW    ZEAUAJXD  official    T£AB-BOOS. 

Appeals  are  allowed  from  tho  local  Courts  to  the  Hi^li  C6tirt,  In 
Niue  the  Iaws  ai'e  administered  by  NattTc  Magistrates*  except  in 
ca:ses  in  irhicfi  white  people  are  conc<>rried.  These  are  dealt  witli  in 
a  Court  ht?ld  by  the  nt*«iaent  Commissioner. 

The  Art  of  lOiJI  pLiced  nil  the  annextKl  inlnnds  under  one  adminis- 
tration, and  Ciilond  W.  K*  Giulgpon,  C*M,G.,  who.  prior  to  the  nnnexa- 
tjon,  had  acted  as  British  Re^iident,  was  appointed  Hesident  CommiB* 
sioner.^  Hv  the  amending  Act  of  1903  Nine  wag  plact»d  under  a  separate 
admiiii^tnition,  and  the  Federal  Council  and  the  Uigh  Court  of  the 
Ccok  Islands  liaire  now  no  jurisdiction  in  that  island.  Mr.  C.  F.  Mai- 
welU  formcrljr  Resident  Agent,  ia  now  Resident  Commissioner  in  Nine, 

i?orofoTif7a* 
Rarotonfra  ia  certainly  the  finest  island  in  the  Cook  Oronp,  both  lo 
point  of  scenic  attractions  and  in  re<pt*ct  of  its  general  productivenrss, 
It  is  a  particuiafly  good  specimen  of  the  volc*.nic  nrdc*r  of  islands,  and 
the  rugRed  grandeur  of  itn  mountain-peaks  and  the  %'ariety  and  luxu- 
riance of  its  vegetation  combine  to  present  rme  of  the  most  romantic 
and  picturesque  scenes  th^nt  one  could  posKibty  find  even  in  the  South 
8tns^  where  the  romantic  and  picturesque  are  suppose<l  to  abound. 
Attaining,  as  it  does,  a  height  of  2,100  ft. »  the  island  is  well  watered; 
and  a  belt  of  rich  Hoii»  varying  from  one  to  two  miles  in  width,  extendi 
alt  round  from  the  mountains  to  the  sea.  The  circumference  of  Ram- 
tonga  is  over  twenty  miles,  and  the  total  area  is  16. .500  acres.  The 
land  nt  present  is  not  being  utili'^od  to  anything  like  the  full  extent  of 
its  possibilities;  but  the  Lnnd  Titles  Court  is  doing  good  work,  and  a 
consist  era  ble  portion  of  the  island  has  been  surveyed.  With  the  advent 
of  a  larger  Kuropean  population  a  steady  increase  in  the  yield  of  th« 
staple  products  of  the  islniid  may  be  looked  for.  In  the  case  of  copra  it 
will  be  some  years  beffue  the  production  can  be  greatly  increasecf,  but 
the  cocoanut-palm  is  being  extensively  planted,  and,  given  favourable 
ccnditious,  the  results  may  be  awaited  with  confidence.  The  bannna 
trade  is  developing  very  satisfactorily,  and  large  areas  are  being 
planted  with  this  fruit.  Rarotonga  is  particularly  well  adapted  to 
the  grovrth  of  the  banana,  and  tho  outlook  so  far  as  this  item  is  con- 
cerned is  distitietly  hopeful,  the  export  from  the  group  for  1904  having 
exceod'j-d  that  of  the  previous  vear  by  14,(VKj  cases.  Avarua,  on  the 
north  const,  is  the  principal  village  on  the  island,  and  the  sent  of  the 
Federal  Govern mcjit  and  Islands  Ailministration.  It  is  also  the  port 
of  call  for  the  Union  Steam  Ship  Company's  steamer,  which  visits  the 
Group  every  four  weeks.  A  substantial  building  known  as  thc*'Whar© 
Manuhiri  "  has  beeu  erected  here  for  the  acconimodation  of  visitors,  and 
it  is  expected  that  a  tourist  traffic  will  now  be  developed.  The  Native 
population  of  Rarotonga  is  2,834,  in  addition  to  which  there  are  107 
whites  on  the  island, 

Mnngaia. 

This  is  one  of  the  largest  of  the  annexed  islands,  being  about  thirty 
miles  iu  circumference,  and  having  an  area  of  some  thirty  square  mile*. 
Given  proper  landifig  facilities,  it  would  be  in  no  way  behind  Raro- 
tonga, except  in  the  lack  of  that  impressive  mountain  scenery  that 
lends  sueh  a  charm  to  the  latter  island.  Manga ia  is  somewhat  peculiar 
in  structure.  At  a  «hort  di*;tan^e  ininnd  from  the  shore  there  rises 
an  almost  perpendicular  wrtll  of  dead  coral,  about  10(Ht.  high,  as 
if  the  reef  of  earlier  d^vs  had  beeii  lifte<l  bodily  by  some  convulsion 
of  nature.  This  mfihilra.  as  it  is  called,  runs  right  round  the 
island,  and  is  perforated  bv  numerous  eaves  and  crevices,  which  in 
olden  times  were  used  as  depositories  for  the  dead,  as  well  as  for 
storage  and  other  purposes.  Thi**se  caves  still  supply,  in  the  calca- 
reous formations  in  which  they  abound,  the  material  from   which  the 


ANNEXED    PACIFIC    tSLAHDB*  795 

Natives  mannfarture  some  of  th^ir  houRehotil  imptemeTits.  The  top  of 
the  m*jknfea  averages  about  a  mile  in  width,  and  is  well  fidnpUil  to  the 
giowrth  of  the  citrtia  family  of  fruits.  The  interior  face  of  this  coral 
rampart  slopes  down  (jrudunll^  into  a  basin  of  rich  sxvnnip  land  con- 
taining  extensive  taro-plaiitatioi3S|  and  from  this  tho  land  rises  a^jiin 
in  a  8uccM5S.«ion  of  low  hills  to  a  central  platt^au,  about  6»'Sn  ft.  high, 
known  as  the  **  Crown  of  Mangaia.**  Th<*se  taro-swumps  still  supply 
most  of  the  food  of  the  Mangainnp,  sItliou«];h  for  many  years  the  tiibet 
have  lived  m  the  Villages  of  Oneroa,  Taroarua,  and  Ivirnn.  on  the 
coast.  The  interior  of  the  island,  which  ccmtaina  soaie  splendicl  valleysi 
is  well  watered  by  streams  which  filter  throueh  below  the  base  of  the 
makafen  into  the  sea.  The  population,  ac(>ordinfr  to  the  Intest  returns, 
is  l»i^23,  in  addition  to  eight  whites.  The  people  ftre  said  to  display 
a  greater  degree  of  industry  thnn  is  usual  among  Natives  of  the  Pacific 
islands,  and  this  fact,  combined  with  tbe  natural  resources  of  the 
island,  promises  well  for  the  future  prosperity  of  Mangaia.  There  are 
considerable  areas  of  waste  land  awtiitfng  cultivation,  and  the  Nntives 
are  becoming  alive  to  the  necessity  for  plantinjj  these  with  cocoanut^. 
Ac,  Citrus  Truits  are  already  growing  in  profusion,  and  it  is  estimated 
that  with  prooer  cultivation  the  output  eoiild  be  increased  twenty- fold* 
Manga ia  prootices  the  best  coffee  in  the  Group  at  present.  The  trade 
of  the  island  has  hitherto  been  hampered  to  a  considerable  extent  in 
consequence  of  the  difficulty  in  shipping  produce.  The  reef,  which 
encircles  the  island  at  a  short  distance  from  the  shore,  is  without  ao 
opening^,  and  communication  between  the  island  and  outside  can  only 
be  obtained  by  crossing  the  reef  in  Native  canoes-  This  process,  where 
cargo  i a  concerned,  is  necessarily  slow  and  costly— it  tnkes  »s  long  to 
fibip  50  tons  over  the  reef  at  Mangaia  as  it  does  to  ship  200  tons  at 
Rarotonga— besides  which  the  produce  is  always  liable  to  he  damaged 
by  salt-water.  Bteps  have  been  taken^  however*  to  have  suitable  boat- 
passagCB  opened  through  the  reef,  and  when  this  has  been  accompli  shed 
the  chief  hindrance  to  the  development  of  the  trade  of  this  island  will  be 
removed. 

I  Tbe  Resident  Agent  at  Mangaia  is  Mr.  J.  T,  Large. 
Mauke. 
This  island  is  low  and  flat»  and  is  skirted  by  a  belt  of  ironwood  (toa), 
which  was  formerly  found  in  large  quantities,  and  was  much  sought 
after  by  traders.  Mauke,  like  Mangaia,  has  a  fringing  reef  which, 
however,  does  not  so  readily  lend  itself  to  the  process  of  crossing  in 
canoes  that  obtains  in  Mangaia.  A  landing  has  to  be  effected  on  the 
edge  of  the  reef  itself,  and  one  reaches  dry  land  by  wading  or  being 
carried  through  the  shallow  water  covering  the  depression  in  the  coral 
between  the  outer  ed^e  and  the  shore.  ^Ianke  also  has  its  mti/trafra,  or 
raised-coral  area,  but  it  merKos  almost  imperceptibly  into  the  volcanic 
formation  of  the  centre,  and  the  general  level  of  the  island  all  over 
is  about  GO  ft.  above  the  se.i.  The  island  is  small,  its  area  being  only 
itbout  four  square  miles  and  a  half;  but  it  ib  ronjarkahly  fertile,  and, 
notwithstanding  that  in  common  with  the  other  islands  of  the  Group  it 
is  very  imperfectly  planted,  it  exported  last  year  140  tons  of  copra  and 
6.031  cases  of  oranges.  Tararo,  Ariki,  is  Resident  Agent  on  Mauke.  The 
Native  population  of  the  island  in  444,  the  whites  numbering  only  two, 

AHu. 

This  island  is  much  like  Mfiuke  in  nppenranee,  having  the  same 
high  fringing  reef  and  tbe  snme  dead'Coral  formation  over  the  greater 
part  of  its  area,  ft  is  mufh  Inrger*  however,  its  area  being  about 
thirty-two  square  milea,  and  it  has  four  times  as  much  unused  land  as 


• 


* 


736 


NEW    ZB ALAND    OFFICIAL    TEAB-BOOK. 


Riirotonga.     Atiu  is  a  vnhinblc  islftinl,  nnd  exports  ^ood  qnfintitics  of 

eoprii,  ornnKtw,  coffve,  oi»U  liint^jinee.  All  the  iisu«l  rstniid  fruil!*  grrvif 
well,  but  a  fiilbr  development  of  thu  resources  of  the  istund  is  retnrtlwl 
throuRb  the  luck  of  proper  facilities  forshJppfnB  prtnluce.  Arrnnj;emcnU 
have  been  matk\  iiowever.  ns  in  the  cnso  of  Mnnj;nin,  to  have  ft  boat- 
pnssnge  fonmnj  tlinjufjh  tlie  reef  nt  tlie  cnrhi*st  possible  moment*  Tbe 
cnvernotis  formation,  which  is  so  ninrketl  u  ffnturo  of  the  mnkttifn  at 
M:*nKnia,  is  nlso  present  tii  the  cornl-rock  portion  of  Atiu,  nnil  must, 
no  doubt,  bo  fonnJ  more  or  less  in  all  i&lnnds  that  oiro  their  esisteno* 
ill  any  decree  to  the  nphenvnl^  of  n  sea -worn  corn!  reef,  Tbc  hU 
Npjnmnru  Ariki  wns  prficticnlly  KioR  of  A  tin,  nlthongh  he  bad  lired  for 
mnny  years  in  Ffarotongfi,  nnd  ns  such  be  e^scrciJ^ed  a  measure  of 
wiveriVisnty  over  IVIniiko  and  Mitiarn,  both  of  wbich  were  conquered  bj 
the  AtiiianK  prior  to  the  in  trod  net  ion  of  Christianity,  Tbc  poptdution 
of  the  island  is  aboTit  914  Natives,  and  four  whites  but  thia  does  not 
represent  anything  like  the  total  of  the  Atinan  tribes.  They  aro 
largely  represented  in  tlie  fiubordinatc  islands*  aa  well  &h  in  Tahiti'  Mr. 
Adolph  von  Nagel  acts  an  British  Resident. 

The  settlement  at  Atin  \%  some  dist;ince  inland,  on  the  flat  samxaJt 
of  the  low  central  bill  to  wbicb  the  island  rises, 

Aitutahi. 

Aitutaki  eombines  the  features  of  the  volcanic  isUnd  and  the  atoll; 
indeed,  it  may  be  regarded  fis  an  atoll  in  course  of  formntion,  and  it 
Affords  a  (tood  illustration  of  the  different  stages  of  the  process,  Th** 
island  is  almost  snrrounded  by  a  barrier  reef,  which  supports  sevenil 
fi  nitful  islets,  and  on  the  south-cast  lies  five  miles  distant  from  the 
land.  On  the  ivestcrn  side  it  approaches  much  nearer,  the  entranrc  to 
the  Avatapu  ChaEoel  bei:ig  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  from  the  wharf 
at  Arntanga,  the  principal  village  on  the  island*  At  the  northern  point  of 
the  island  the  reef  fringes  the  shore  as  in  the  other  main  islands  of  Uie 
Cook  Group,  the  barrier  stage  having  not  yet  been  renched,  TK 
island  approaches  more  closely  to  Rarotonga  in  the  general  oppearnncf 
of  fertility  than  any  of  the  otliers,  and  it  can  also  chum  to  pos.scss  • 
fionsiderable  degree  of  scenic  at  trait  iveness.  It  rises  somewhat  abruptly 
on  tliL'  western  side  to  a  height  of  360  ft.,  and  slopes  a  way  grnduallv  to 
the  eastern  coast.  The  nren  is  about  seven  square  miles.  The  lagoon 
on  the  Amtatiga  side  of  the  island  is  shallow,  and  can  onlv  be  used 
by  vessels  of  a  very  small  class;  birt  on  the  eastern  side  it  is  much 
deeper,  and  freer  from  coral  patches,  and  there  are  several  plneci 
in  the  reef  where,  it  is  believed,  n  n^ivigablo  channel  might  he  formed* 
The  land  nt  Aitutaki  is  divided  among  the  people  in  smaU  scetiona. 
but  tboufrh  each  family  has  quite  enoiTgh  land  for  its  support,  ii 
has  seldom  niore  than  an  acre  or  two  in  any  one  place,  and  the  mor« 
remote  sections  nre  apt  to  be  nefirlectcih  The  Native  population  ol 
present  is  1.154,  two-thirds  of  these  hvintr  in  the  four  settlements  on  the 
wt^stern  side,  and  the  remainder  in  thi^  Villages  of  Vaipne  nnd  Tnnta 
on  the  east.  In  addition  there  were  eighty. two  absentees,  Ther«  awi 
eiglit  white  people  on  the  island.  The  Resident  Agent  i«  Mr,  J.  0- 
Cameron, 

Nhte. 

Nino  is  the  largest  of  the  nnnexed  islands,  having  iin  area  of  « 
hundred  square  miles,  and  a  circumference  of  forty  miles  by  road,  ft 
censi<tR  entirely  of  uplifted  cornl.  and  is  probably  the  result  of  n  serioi 
of  upheavals.  In  general  formation  it  taKcs  tho  shape  nf  two  terr.nrrt* 
the  tower  bcinc  about  DO  ft.  ah rw**  sm-level,  and  the  other  about  2^1  ft 
At  Alofi  the  fringing  reef  is  broken^  by  a  narrow  boat-pass^nge,  partly 
rjaturaJ    and   partly    iW   le&uVt  ol  \v£v^^^\^TSi^^\its   uffocted    by    H.M.S. 


tl 


ANNEXED   PACIFIC   ISLANDS. 


787 


**  Mildnra  "  a  few  years  ago.  In  addition  to  the  on©  at  Alofi,  theru 
are  laanding-places  at  Ayatele  and  at  Tuapa,  wh(3re  Togia^  the  ''  King  '* 
of  Nine  reside*.  Although  so  rocky  that  it  is  for  the  most  part  un- 
plotighable,  Niue  is  bj  no  means  unproductive.  All  the  usual  tropical 
fruits  ^row  well^  and  large  trees  are  found  averaging  from  18  in.  to 
2  ft,  6  in.  in  diameter^  and  in  some  cases  attaining  a  diameter  of 
4  ft.  and  running  up  to  100  ft.  in  height.  Large  areas  of  the  island 
are  covered  with  forest ^  and  it  is  estimated  that  there  must  be  millions 
of  feet  of  timber  suitable  for  nLilling  {>iirposes,  including  ebonj  and 
other  hardwood.  A  good  deal  of  this  timber,  however,  is  situated  in 
rocky  country,  and  it  is  questionable  if  it  would  nay  to  cut  it  aod 
bring  it  out.  One  of  the  principal  drawbacks  to  Nine  trade  in  the 
past  has  been  the  lack  of  good  roads  eoiinecting  the  various  villages 
with  the  principal  landing-place,  but  this  difficulty  is  fast  being  re- 
moved. In  addition  to  a  road  right  round  the  island,  there  is  now 
a  road  through  the  centre,  with  branch  roads  to  the  settlements  on 
either  side,  iind  before  long  there  should  be  a  good  system  of  roads 
th^o^ghout  the  island.  A  careful  survey  of  the  land  was  made  three 
^ear»  ago;  the  roads  were  traversed  throughout,  the  area  of  the 
laland  determined,  and  the  coast-line  defined.  There  are  many  ex- 
tensive caves  in  Xiue,  and  concerning  these  Mr.  Haszard,  the  aur 
veyor  who  visited  the  island,  says:  "There  is  one  at  Lokepa,  I  was 
told,  having  passages  which  can  be  measured  by  tho  mile.  One  that 
I  visited  at  Vaiopeope  is  extremely  beautiful.  It  is  situated  about 
two  hundred  yards  from  the  sea  on  the  northern  coast,  and  is  formed 
of  a  number  of  galleries  and  terraces,  one  below  the  other.  Stalactites 
and  stalagmites  are  in  great  profusion,  and  group  themselves  into  all 
kinds  of  fantastic  shapes.  In  one  gallery  the  roof  appears  to  be 
studded  with  lilies  carved  out  of  alabaster.  As  one  descends  to  the 
lower  galleries  the  sensation  is  decidedly  weird.  The  gurgling  and 
reverberations  of  the  swiftly  flowing  water  is  heard  deep  down  in  dark 
subterranean  channels,  which  are  evidently  connected  with  the  sea, 
for,  ever  and  anon,  o  mighty  gust  of  wind  impelli^l  by  the  huge  rollers 
breaking  on  the  reef  outside,  strikes  the  visitor,  and  it  requires  a  steady 
nerve  and  a  firm  foothold  to  avoid  being  swept  into  the  seething 
cauldron  below.  If  these  caves  were  in  an  accessible  position  they 
would  be  a  great  draw  to  tourists.*' 

In  consetjuence  of  the  porous  nature  of  the  rock  there  are  no 
streams  in  Niue,  and  consequently  fresh  water  is  scarce.  A  supply  is 
obtainable  from  the  caves,  but  the  difficulty  of  carriage  is  necessarily 
considerable^  and  the  water  is  frequently  brackish.  Concrete  tanks 
have  now  been  constructed  in  the  principal  villages.  These  are  roofed  over 
mth  galvanised  corrugated  iron,  aud  provide  a  sufficient  catchment- 
surface  to  All  them  during  the  rainy  seaaon.  The  people  thus  have  a 
reliable  supply  of  good  drinking-water. 

The  principal  industry  on  the  island  is  the  manufacture  of  hats. 
The  Natives  are  very  expert  plaiters,  the  material  used  being  a  kind  of 
pandanus,  and  the  trade  has  already  assumed  large  dimensions. 
During  tho  year  ending  the  Slst  December,  1004,  hats  to  the  number 
of  6,053  dozen  were  exported  from  Niue,  principally  to  Auckland,  the 
value  represented  being  £4,407.  There  is  also  a  good  trade  done  in 
curios,  fungus,  and  copra.  The  Native  population  of  Niue  ia  d»d01, 
exclusive  of  580  at  present  absent  in  other  islands  or  at  sea.  The 
Niueans  are  naturally  of  a  roving  disposition,  and  n limbers  of  the 
men  go  to  Tonga,  Samoa,  Maiden  Island,  &e.  Many  go  under  engage- 
ment as  labourers,  and  return  on  the  expiration  of  their  term.  The  white 
population  numhers  twenty-one  persons.  The  Resident  Commissioner  is 
Mr.  G.  F.  Maxwell,  who  also  acts  as  PostmasteT.  Collector  of  Customs,  &c. 

24— rbJr. 


I 


738 


KKW    KBALAND  OVPICIAL   T8AB-B00S. 


I 


Penrhyn* 

Penrhyn  is  a  good  speciiieii  of  the  pure  atolL  It  is  merely  a  rini 
of  coral,  about  forty 'eight  miles  in  circuit,  Bupporting  a  number  of  low 
iglaDds»  from  200  to  300  yards  across,  and  enclosing  a  lagoon  of  Dtaetj 
square  mii^  in  area,  of  which  twenty-four  square  miles  are  more  or  Lett 
covered  with  pcarl-shelL  There  are  three  passages  into  the  lagoon,  the 
principal  one  having  a  depth  of  18  ft.  at  low  water,  and  there  is  suffi- 
cient wharf  accommodation  at  Omoka  for  the  small  class  of  rossel  that 
visits  the  island.  The  other  villnge  at  Penrhyn,  Te  Tautua,  is  some 
ten  miles  distant.  The  pearl-shell  fishing  is  the  main  industry  of  tbe 
island,  hut  considerable  quantities  of  copra  are  now  being  exported 
also.  For  many  ytmrs  the  supply  of  coconnuts  was  barely  sufBctcnt  Uff 
home  consumption,  hut  in  1903  Colonel  Gudgeon  reported  that  "from 
some  unexplained  cause  the  cocoa  nut- palms  have  suddenly  regained 
their  old  fertility ,  and  thousands  of  ycung  trees,  planted  on  land  only 
a  few  feet  above  sea-level,  are  growing  as  vigorously  as  those  planter! 
on  the  best  alluvial  Innd  in  Rarotonga/^  The  practice  followed  with 
regard  to  pearl-shell  fishing  is  to  divide  the  lagoon  into  three  parts, 
which  are  alternately  closed  against  fishing  for  a  certain  period.  When 
the  interdiction  is  removed  from  any  area  the  Natives  naay  dive  with* 
out  restriction  beyond  the  payment  nf  a  small  fee  to  the  Government 
After  the  nfike<l  diving  has  been  in  operation  for  a  time  the  machines 
are  allowed  to  the  brought  into  requisition  until  the  limit  of  time  hu 
been  reached.  That  area  is  then  closed,  and  the  same  procedure  li 
repeated  in  another  portion  of  the  lagoon.  By  this  means  each  ares 
is  ^iven  rest  for  about  a  year,  and  as  the  shell  i^  said  to  grow  very 
rapidly  at  Penrhyn  the  supply  is  well  maintained.  An  Ordinance  of 
the  Federal  Council  prohibits  the  removfll  of  shells  of  less  than  44  ia. 
in  diameter.  Over  90  tons  of  pearl-shell,  representing  an  amount  of 
£9^300,  were  exports  from  the  northern  islands  during  1902,  and  it 
would  he  safe  to  say  that  the  greater  part  of  this  came  trom  Penrhvn, 
from  which  island  alone  over  IfK)  t^ns  annuolly  were  formerly  obtained, 
The  price  at  pre^tent  is  low,  and  the  export  for  1905  wslh  under  fiO  tons. 
The  lagoons  at  Penrhyn  and  Manibiki  have  been  taken  over  by  the  Crown, 
and  will  be  net  aside  by  Proclamation  aa  reserves  for  public  pearl-shell  and 
turtle  fishing.  The  total  population  is  414  Natives  and  six  whites  The 
Refddent  Agent  is  Captain  M-  J.  Nagle. 


Manihiki. 

Manibtki  is  also  an  atoll,  but,  unlike  Penrhyn,  it  has  no  opening 
through  the  reef  into  the  lagoon,  and  when  the  Notives  wish  to  visit 
the  neighbouring  i^iland  of  Rakahanga  their  boats  have  to  be  carried 
across  the  narrow  strip  of  land  separating  the  lagoon  from  the  sea* 
The  island  consists  of  about  two  sfjuare  miles  of  land,  encircling  a 
lagoon  of  some  six  miles  in  dinmoter.  A  good  deal  of  pearl-Rhell  nas 
been  obtained  from  Manihiki,  but  some  years  o^o  it  was  found  neces- 
sary to  close  the  lagcoon,  as  the  shell- beds  had  been  fished  almost  ^_ 
the  point  of  exhaustion.  The  Natives  of  this  island  have  some  rcpul 
tion  for  their  skill  in  the  manufacture  of  hats,  Wolking-sticks,  paJd' 
ifec,  inlaid  with  pearl-shel!,  are  also  monufactured.  The  princit— 
export  is  coprn^  and   as  the  Natives  ore  beginning  to  see  the   wisdom 

of  thinning  out  the  superabundant  growth  of  their  palms  the  prodoc- 
tion  of  this  item  should  materially  increase.  The  Native  teiicfiers  of 
the  London  Mission nry  Society  look  nfter  the  education  of  the  children 

of  the   isiland.      The   total  populatioo  is  521 »  two  of  whom  are  whites. 

There   were   besides   twenty-two  absentees.     Mr,    H.    Williama  acts   •§_ 

Beaident  Agent* 


ANNEXED   PACIFtC    ISLANDS. 


739 


Mitiaro. 

This  is  a  sinall  coral  island  Ijing  about  forty  milus  to  the  north-east 
of  Ati'u,   and   an  equal  distance  from   Mauko.     Its   area   is  only   about 

I       four  square  miles,  and   it  nowhere  rises  higher  than  50  ft.  above  sea- 

I  leveL  It  contains  some  gnod  land,  however,  and  is  capable  of  producing 
100  tons  of  copra  annually*  In  the  centre  is  a  pretty  little  l&goim, 
bordered    by  a  belt  of  swamp.     The   population,  according   to   the  last 

I       retums,  was  208  Natives  and  two  whites.     Ton.  Ariki,  acts  as  Resident 

I      Agent. 

^H  Takuiea. 

^H^       This  is  the  smallest  island  in  the  Cook  Group,  its  area  beiog  about 

^^00  acres.  It  lies  abt>«t  125  miles  to  the  north-east  of  Rarotonga,  and 
close  to  the  Island  of  Atiu.  It  belonged  to  the  late  Ngamaru  Ariki, 
and  was  by  him  presented  to  His  Majesty  King  Edward  Tor  the  benefit 
of  his  subject**  in  the  Group.  Tlie  Resident  Conmiisaiouer  is  having 
the  island  systematically  planted  with  cocoaniit-palm&T  aiid  he  antici- 
pates tbat  it  vdU  in  time  yield  200  tons  of  copra  annually.     At  present  it 

^Ik  nni  Dhabi  ted. 

^^L  Paimerston, 

^V  Falmerston  is  an  atoll,  with  a  land-area  ot  one  s(|uare  mile,  lyinK 
to  the  north-west  of  Rarotoaga,  some  273  miles  distant.  The  reel 
carries  a   number  of  sntall  islets,   which  are  in  tho  occupation   of  the 

I  descendants  of  the  late  William  Marsters,  an  old  English  sailor.  One 
of  these,  Joel  Marsters,  acts  as  Resident  Agent,  and  tie  and  six  other 
members  of  the  family  constitute  the  Island  Council.  The  lagoon, 
which  is  about  eight  miles  in  diameter,  does  not  carry  pearl-shell  at 
present^  but  it  is  hoped  thiit  spawn  may  be  successfully  introduced  from 
other  islands.  Tho  planting  of  the  land  is  being  well  looked  after  by 
Uie  Marsters  family.     The  population  is  82. 


Manitae  and  Te  Au-o-Tn. 
These  two  small  islands  are  enclosed  within  one  reef,  and  are  known 
ail  the  Hervey  Isles — a  name  that  is  frequently  applied  to  the  Cook 
Group  as  a  whole.  They  contain  approximately  500  acres  and  l.OCO  acres 
rcspecti^^ely  of  good  coco  a  nut  land,  and  under  tlie  careful  cultivation  of 
the  Cook  Islands  Trading  Company,  to  whom  they  are  leased,  they  will 
ere  long  produce  an  immense  amount  of  copra.  The  islets  form  a 
drpenden'ijy  of  Aitutaki,  about  sixty  miles  distant,  by  the  people  of 
which  they  were  conquered  in  heathen  times.  By  a  recent  decision 
of  the  Land  Titles  Court  Te  Au-o-Tu  was  awarded  to  tho  Arikis  of 
Aitutaki  and  their  clans,  seventy-one  owners,  who  claimed  the  islands 
by  right  of  conquest;  while  in  tho  case  of  Manuae  an  *irder  was  made 
in  favour  of  the  eighty-six  descendants  of  the  conquered  people,  their 
claim  also  having  been  recognised  as  good.  This  partition  of  the  islanda 
ends  a  long-standing  contention  between  the  rival  clnimants,  and  the 
iudgnient  is  udmitted  to  he  an  equitable  one.  The  Cook  Island 
Trading  Company*8  l#*ase  runs  for  twenty- five  years  from  the  7th  June* 
1893,  and  the  rent  will  now  be  shared  equally  by  the  owners  of  the  two 
islands.     The  population  is  stated  as  ten. 

Suwnrrow. 

Bnwnrrow  is  a  valuable  atoll,  530  miles  from  Rarotxinga.  Its  value 
lies  chiefly  in  its  lagoon,  however,  the  land-area  being  very  small.  The 
lagoon  is  from  eight  to  ton  miles  long,  and  nbout  eiglit  miles  across  at 
tho  wiJc^t  part,  and  it  makes  a  splendid  harbour,  having  an  entrance 
fiufficiently  deep  to  admit  ves.sels  drawing  up  to  20  ft,  of  water.  The 
island  is  under  lease  to  Lever's  Pacific  Plantations  (Limited)  "for  th« 


40 


NEW    £BALA>n>   OFFICIAL    TEAB-BOOE. 


purpose  of  removing  guano  or  other  fertilising  HabBtanc<>«  therefrom, 
ttud  of  planting  the  land  with  cocoanuts,  and  for  collecting  pearl- 
shells,  and  for  other  purposes  of  a  like  nature.*'  A  portion  oT  one  of 
the  reef  islets,  known  as  Anchorage  Island,  is  vested  in  the  Lordi 
Commissi  oners  of  the  Admiralty  as  a  reserve  for  naval  purposes.  Large 
quantities  of  penrl-shcll  of  excellent  quality  were  obtained  froin 
the  lagoon  by  the  Pacific  Trading  Company,  the  predecessors  of  the 
present  lessee.** ;  but  divring  has  been  discontinued  for  some  time  now, 
and  the  shell-beds  are  being  given  a  long  rest,  the  company  haTJng: 
transferred  its  operations  to  Christmas  Island.  It  is  probable  that  on 
the  expiry  of  thu  present  lease  in  August,  1913,  the  Islands  Government 
will  talte  over  the  control  of  the  lagoon^  so  far,  at  least,  as  machine- 
diving  is  concerned.  It  is  estimated  that  one  machine  will  obtain 
from  40  to  45  tons  of  shell  a  year  at  Snwarrow.  There  are  about  tlilrty 
people  on  the  island. 

Bnkahanga. 

This  island  lies  about  twenty-five  miles  to  the  north  of  Manihi 
It  is  not  so  largo  as  its  neighbour,  and  the  lagoon  does  not  oonti 
any  pearl-shell,  but  otherwise  the  two  islands  are  very  much  alij 
They  are  ownocl  and  inhabited  by  the  same  people,  and  what  has  been 
said  concornins  Manihiki  is  true,  for  the  most  part,  of  Rakahanga  aUo. 
The  duties  of  Resident  Agent  are  performed  by  Mr.  Henry  Williams,  of 
Manihiki.  RakaliaDga  haa  a  population  of  351  Natives  and  one  white,  ia 
addition  to  fifty  absentees. 

Danger  (Pukapuka)  and  Nassau. 
These  two  islands  lie  away  towards  the  north-west  comer  of  the 
annexation  boundary.  Concerning  tho  former  Colonel  GtidgeoQ  write*, 
'*  At  Pukapuka  I  found  a  very  sinetilar  population,  who  have  now 
some  knowledge  of  the  Earotongan  language,  but  whose  lan^age  i8 
not  intelliKiblo  to  the  Maori  of  the  Pacific,  This  is  such  a  primitire 
people  that  I  considered  it  advisnble  for  the  i> resent  to  leave  them 
untfer  their  own  ancient  form  of  government,  inasmuch  as  they  are 
seldom  visited  by  Europeans,  and  produce  only  a  little  copra.'*  Th*' 
island  is  a  small  atoll  of  about  three  miles  in  diameter,  and  the  lagoon 
produces  some' pearl -shelL  The  population  numbers  435,  besides  thirty* 
two  ab&enteeH*     Nassau  In  owned  by  a  resident  of  ApiSr  Samoa. 


ii^V 


Land. 

No  land  is  sold  by  the  Natives  oi  the  Cook  Islands  or  Nitie,  btit  con- 
siderable areas  have  been  leased  in  Rarotonga  to  European  settlers.  It  is 
recognised  that  the  prosperity  of  the  islands  depoods  in  great  niea.sure 
on  the  settlement  of  the  spare  lands  by  a  good  class  of  white  planl^iB, 
and  it  is  hoped  that  before  long  additional  areas  in  Rarotonga,  as  well  aa 
portions  of  tlie  adjacent  islands  of  Mauke  and  A  tin,  will  be  open  for  lease. 
At  present  there  arc  difficulties  in  the  way  of  securing  leaiies  from  the 
Natives,  but  the  work  of  siirveyiuK  the  land  and  defining  the  Native  titles 
is  proceediu*^  rapidly*  and  every  effort  is  bein^  mado  to  bring  the  unosed 
lands  into  profitable  occupation.  It  is  desirable  that  the  intending  set ' 
should  have  a  capital  equal  to  at  least  £10  for  each  acre  he  pu 

taking  up.     The  cocoanut-palm  takes  frora  ivight  to  ten  years  to 

bearing  point,  and  during  that  time  the  planter  must  maintain  himself  by 
growing  bananas  or  securing  some  outside  employment.  When  the  palms 
are  in  full  bearing,  however,  the  annual  value  "of  the  crop  may  be  esti- 
mated at  not  less  than  ^6  per  acre,  and  this  may  be  regarded  as  m 
practically  assured  inoome  lot  «ixt^  ^^»x%  ot  more. 


mosea 
sett]^^ 

reafli^^ 


ANNEXED   PACIFIC   tBLANDB.  741 

Education. 

"The  education  of  the  children  in  these  ialanda  is  well  looked  after 
by  the  Loudon  Missionary  Society,  the  pioneers  in  all  educational 
and  missionarj  effort  in  thia  part  ot  the  Pacific*  Almost  every  village 
of  an^  importance  ha»  its  eschool.  The  most  important  educntional 
estahhsnment,  however ^  is  the  high  school  at  Torcora,  Rarotonga,  where 
children  from  all  the  islands  of  tne  Group  are  received  as  boarders  and 
given  a  really  good  education.  The  following  extract  from  a  recent 
report  by  the  Resident  Commissioner  will  convey  a  good  idea  of  the 
work  that  is  bein^  done  in  Tereora  Schoolj  and  in  the  educational 
institutions  generally  throughout  the  islands:  — 

"  During  the  past  year  four  boys  have  been  selected  from  thia 
school  and  employed  in  the  various  stores  in  the  island,  and  I  have 
taken  one  on  a  a  a  cadet  in  the  survey  office,  who  promises  to  become  a 
first-class  draughtsman.  The  master,  Mr,  P.  H.  Hall»  deservea  very 
great  credit  for  the  good  English  taught  in  his  school »  and  I  fed 
assured  that  Tereora  will  be  to  the  Cook  Ialanda  what  Te  Ante  College 
is  to  the  young  Maoris  of  New  Zealand.  A  Native  of  Polynesia  is  apt 
to  take  a  very  practical  view  of  education,  and  only  values  it  for  the 
advantages  that  may  thereby  accrue  to  the  scholar.  Until  lately  these 
prospective  benelita  have  not  been  apparent  to  the  Maori,  and  there- 
to re  many  of  the  most  influential  people  have  not  taken  advantage  of 
the  education  offered  by  Tereora;  but  the  sudden  demand  for  reliable 
and  educated  boys  who  can  speak  both  English  and  Maori  has  altered 
all  that.  Makea  is  now  sending  her  foster-children  to  Tereora,  and  the 
parents  generally  are  alive  to  tho  fact  that  knowledge  may  be  both 
power  ana  money,  two  things  that  will  never  bo  despised  in  Polyneaia, 

"  The  remarks  I  have  made  concerning  Tereora  will  apply  in  n 
slightly  less  degree  to  the  Ara^ira  School  of  Aitutaki.  This  institution 
is  of  recent  date,  but  under  the  management  of  the  Misses  Hoyte  is 
doing  good  work,  while  the  Rev.  Mr.  Jon^.  with  characteriatic  energy 
and  benevolence,  prepares  the  younger  children  for  Araura. 

"At  Marigaia  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bond  James  is  engaged  in  the  same 
good  work,  and  it  may  safely  be  awid  that  wherever  the  European 
members  of  the  mission  are  engaged  in  the  teaching  the  education 
given  ia  quite  up  to  the  requirements  of  the  islands.  This  remark 
can  only  apply  to  Rarotonga,  Aitutaki,  and  Mangaia.  At  Atiu,  Manke, 
and  MitiaTo,  where  there  are  no  European  missionaries,  the  education 
of  the  children  must  of  nece.ssitv  be  left  in  the  hands  of  the  Native 
teachers.  In  these  cases  it  is,  however,  possible  to  render  assistance 
at  a  very  small  coat  to  the  Group,  And  I  propose  to  employ  a  few  of 
the  smartest  boys  from  Tereora  as  teachers  at  a  sum  not  exceeding  £20 
per  annum  each,  a  salary  that  will  be  regarded  as  absolute  wealth. 
For  the  laat  eight  years  we  have  given  an  annual  subsidy  to  Tereora  of 
£2  10a.  per  scholar,  provided  that  not  more  than  fifty  scholars  were 
taught  in  the  school.  This  snbsidv  was  paid  with  the  view  of  providing 
fttod  for  the  children  from  tho  outlying  islands,  but  it  has  been  found  to 
be  inv^ufficierit,  and  I  propose  to  increase  it  to  £200  per  annum.  It  will 
bo  money  well  spent,  for  it  is  from  Tereora  that  the  English  language 
will  spread  over  the  whole  Group.** 

The  Sistera  of  St.  Joseph  have  a  very  good  school  at  Avarua,  Raro- 
tonga, where  music  is  included  among  the  subjects  taught;  and  in  the 
Village  of  Titikaveka  the  S'3venth-dav  Advcntista  have  a  school  which 
is  well  patronised  owing  to  the  fact  tlliat  the  lady  in  charge  makes  the 
teaching  of  English  the  leading  feature  of  her  work. 

Good  work  Is  heing  done  in  the  village  Bchools  of  Niue  also,  of  which  there 
ax©  eleven,  and  one  thousand  children  are  there  being  tstight  readini?,  writing, 
and  Arithmetic  in  the  vernacular.  Nearly  all  the  younger  Kiueans  are  able  to  read 
and  write  in  their  own  language. 

The  New  Zealand  Education  Depnrtment  is  now  considering  the  question  o! 
taking  over  tbe  control  of  eduoaltonal  maiters  in  the  Islands. 


A 


^m     743                                 NSW    ZKALAWD    OFFICIAL    TKAli-BOOK.                          ^^^^H 

^H                                            Rbysitus  and  EzpuLifDnrmx. 

]■ 

Cook  a^id  Northern  Islands.— Tot  tbe  finiincUl  year  etidiog  tb©  Sltl  Mircb,      1 

1^6.  the  revenue  of  tbe  Cook  aod  other  leUDds,  including  the  hulance  from  the      | 

previoua  year,  wat  £10,249  9«.  4d-,  and  the  exp-^nditure 
leaveA  a  credit  balance  f^t  £4.793  12^.  6d.,iii  addition  to  wh 

£5,455  10s.  Ud.     Tftii 

ich  there  is  an  amount 

of  £979  12s,  6d.  outstanding  for  Land  T»tle»  C^urt  fees,  »o 

that  the  real  surplus 

at  tbe  SlBt  March,  1905,  waa  £5,773  48.  lid.     Tbe  loJIo 

wing  is  a  oomparatife 

gtatemeut  of  revenue  and  expenoiLure  for  the  pa«t  eight  years.                               ^1 

^H^                          Year.                     Eeveuce.                 Expeaditare. 

SiirplufL               ^^H 

^^^b           1898-99     ..       1,801  13     4             1,402  12    5 

399     0  11 

^^^H          1899-1900..       3,165    7  10            2,188    9  10 

976  18    0 

^^^m          1900-1                4.253  17  11            2,951  U  10 

1,301     3     1 

^^^B          1901-d^      ..       4,063    9     6            2,335     7     3 

1.T28     2    3 

^^^H          1902^                 6,584  13     4            4,725  16  11 

1,858  16    5 

^^^B          190a-4                 7.169     0    8            4,558    3    9 

2.610  16  11 

^^^m          1904-5                8.  la's  11     0            5,0i)3    8     8 

3,092     2    4             ^ 

^^^B           1905^        ,.     10,249     3     4            5,455  10  U 

4,793  12    5            ^B 

^^^^B                                "  Figtures  for  1901-2  are  for  oine  monthft  only.                                   ^^H 

Niue.^-Th^  revenue  of  Niue  for  the  year  enditig  the  Slat  March,  1906  (bi'^l 

eluding  balance  from  previoua  year),  was  £1,640  13ft.  61 

,  and  the  expenditora       1 

£998  8^.,  Bbowing  a  garplue  on  tbe  yi-ar'a  working  of  £612  5^.  Oil.     Tbe  total  fundi       | 

to  ihe  credit  of  the  Niue  GovemmoDt  on  tbe  Slst  March, 

however,  amouoted  to 

£2.246  12a.  6d* 

^f                                               Exports  and  Ikpobts. 

F                 Cook  and  Northsm  Zitfajvrfi.— The  value  of  eiporta 

for  the  year  1905  WM 

L           £34.890,  whilf!  the  imports  amounted  to  £36,993.     The  principal  items  exported      | 

^^     were  aa  foUow  :— 

1 

^^B                    From  tbe  Cook  Group — 

^                     ■ 

^H                             Coffee,  12,6561b. 

2ia         ^B 

^^L Copra,  687  tone 

7,901            ^B 

^^^^^^K           Bananas,  46  358  caB68,  10,768  bunohes 

B.i^QfQ            ^B 

^^^^^^B           Oranges,  76,080  caaee 

9,964           ^M 

^^^^^^^           Pineaprles,  4,378  oafiea 

^B 

^^^^^■^                  LimejuioB,  4,950  gallons 

231            ^B 

^^^^^B           From  the  northern  islands — 

^^1 

^^^^^P                  Copra,  525  tonii 

6.073             ^H 

^^^B^                  PearKshell,  11}  tons 

520            ^M 

^H           Tbe  amount  of  tbe  imports  ia  made  up  jw  follows  i— 

H 

^^M                   Fmm  New  Zealand 

..     27.686            ^1 

^^^^^v                       Uui ted  Kingdom 

^B 

^^^B                    New  Boutb  Wales 

2^363            ^B 

^^^^B                     Victoria 

^B 

^^^^1                   Uoited  States 

2,865            ^B 

^^^^^^^              OermaD  J 

^B 

^^^^^^^H 

^B 

^^^^H              Tahiti 

.       3.012            ^B 

^^^^^^^^            Canada 

19           ^M 

^^^^^^^P 

514             ^B 

^^^^^^             British  Columbia 

^B 

^^^^B^                   Sweden 

^B 

£36,993            ^H 

ANNBXBD   PACIFIC   ISLANDS. 


748 


r     Niue.—The  exports  lor  1905-6  amounted  to  £9,653,  and  the  imports  to 
£5,674.    The  principal  items  of  export  were—  £ 


Copra,  333  tons 

3,288 

Hats,  5,236  dozen     . . 

8,692 

Fungus,  15,2001b.    .. 

202 

Curios      .. 

48 

Kits,  1,328  dozen 

261 

imports  represented — 

From  New  Zealand 

4,156 

.      Sydney 

318 

.      Tonga 

145 

Samoa 

591 

.      Maiden  Island 

166 

Germany 

29 

•      Cook  Islands   . . 

21 

United  Kingdom 

248 

.      Tasmania 

1 

£5,674 


APPENDIX 


PRINCIPAL  EVENTS. 

Jaxb8  of  soitt  OF  THB  Pbuccipal  Evxnts  TS  THB  HiSTOHy  OF  N»W  ZmALAXl>. 

Deo*  13»  1642.'-DiBcovei7  oC  New  Zealand  bj  Abel  J&nBen  Tosmaja* 

Oob.  8,  X769*— Oaptain  Cook  landed  at  Poverty  Bay  on  his  first  risit. 

June  30^  1788.— Macaulay  and  Cartia  Islands,  of  the  Kermadec  Groop,  di»* 
ooTered  by  Oaptain  Sever,  of  H.M.  traDsport  **  Lady  Penrhjn," 

Nov,  2y,  1790, —Chatham  Islands  dieoovered  by  Lieutenant  BronghloQ,  in 
H.M. 3.  **  Chatham." 

Nov.  17,  1793.— Captain  d'Entrecasteaux,  with  the  **  La  Reoherohe'*  and 
**  L^Esp^ranoe,"  discovered  Kaoul  or  Sunday  Island.  (The  latter  name  was  ^ven 
by  Captain  Kaven^  of  the  transport  **  Briiaania/'  who  viaited  the  island  6th  Kov., 
1796) 

Nov,,  1799.— Lieutenant-Oovernor  King^s  (of  Norfolk  Island)  mit  to  Donbt- 
less  Bay. 

1795.— The  ship  "  Endeavour,"  Captain  Bampton,  sunk  at  Facile  Barbouc, 
Dusky  Bound. 

1800. ^Antipodes  Island  discovered  by  Captain  Pendleton. 

1806.— Auckland  Isles  discovered  by  Captain  Briscow,  ship  ••  Ooeiui,"  one  of 
Eiiderby*s  whalers. 

1806.— Ship  '*  Venus"  visited  East  Coa^t  of  New  ZeaUnd.  She  waa  tak«ii 
by  convicts  at  Port  Dalrymple,  Tasmania.  Their  visits  gave  rite  to  the  Nga-Puhl 
southern  expedition. 

1807.— Defeat  of  Hongi  and  Nga-Fuhi  Tribe  at  Moremonui,  ten  milet  louth 
of  Maunganui  Bluff,  Kaipara. 

1809.— The  taking  and  burning  of  the  transport  "  Boyd  '■  at  Whangaroa. 

1810.— Campbell  Island  diflooverod  by  Captain  P.  Haselburg,  of  brig  **  Pet- 
severance/' 

1814, — First  arrival  of  the  Bev.  Mr.  Marsden  at  Bay  of  Islands,  and  iAtro- 
duotion  of  Christianity.  Horees,  oxen,  sheep,  and  poultry  first  brought  to  tbi 
colony. 

Aug.,  1815.— Attempted  capture  of  the  "  Trial  "  and  **  Brothers  '*  at  Kensedy 
Bay. 

1818.— Hongi*8  and  Te  Morenga's  great  expedition  to  East  Cape. 

1819-20,— Pa tuone,  Nene,  and  Te  Rauparaha'i  raid  on  Taranaki  and  Port 
NicholBon, 

1820* — Hongi  visited  England;  returned  to  New  Zealand  July,  18^21. 

1820.— H.M.  store  ship  *'  Coromandel  *'  visited  Coromandel. 

1820, — Eev.  S.  Marsden  travelled  from  Wai  te-mata  via  Kaipara  to  the  Bay 
of  Islands — the  first  white  man  to  do  so. 

Aug.,  1820.— Tho  "  Prince  Regent  '*  entered  Auckland  Harbour— the  fint 
vessel  to  do  so. 

Nov.,  1821.— Fall  of  Mauinaina  Pa,  Auckland  Isthmus,  to  Hongi. 

Nov.,  1821. — NgatiXoa  migration  from  Kawhia  to  Otaki  under  Te  Rau- 
paraha. 

Dec,  1821. —Fall  of  Te  Totara  Pa,  Thames,  to  Hongi. 

May,  1822.— Fall  of  Matakitaki  Pa,  Waikato,  to  Hongi. 
May,  1823.— Fall  ot  ilokoia  Va,  B^UitM3a\jakft,  V>  Ucy\i%v, 


PBINCIFAL  BVENT8.  745 

1823,  1828. — A  Ota  piLssed  by  the  I  id  pe  rial  Padi&m«Dt  extending  the  jurisdio- 
lioD  of  the  Courts  af  justioe  in  New  South  WalBa  to  all  the  British  eubjeeti  to 
New  ZeaJund, 

1824.-^ F»ll  of  Te  Whetumatiwrau  Pa,  near  East  Cape,  to  Pomare. 

1825.^ — First  attempt  at  colonisation  fay  an  eitpediiion  under  the  eommandof 
Captain  Herd,  who  boyght  two  lalands  m  the  Hauraki  Gulf. 

Feb,,  1825.— Great  defeat  of  Ngati-Whatna  at  Te  Ikaaranganui*  Kaipara, 
bj  Hongi. 

1827.— De&truoiion  of  mission -station  ai  Whangaroa  by  Hongi'a  forces. 

Feb.,  1827. — Admiral  {then  Captain)  Dtimont  D'UrviUe  anohored  in  Auok« 
land  Harbour. 

1828. — Hongi  died  at  Whangaroa,  from  wounds  received  at  Hokmnga. 

1828. — The  ''Maquarie,"  Captain  KoDt,  the  firet  vessel  to  enter  Kawhia. 

Marcb^  1829 — Brig  "  Hawes ''  captured  at  Whakatane  by  Haorie. 

1830»— Battle  of  Taumata-wiwi.  near  Cambridge. 

1830.— Fall  of  Kaiapohia  Pa,  CaiUerbury. 

March  S,  IBSO. — Battle  of  Xororareka,  between  two  Nga^Puhi  Tribes, 

Dec,  1830.— Death  of  Tama-i-hara-nui  at  the  handii  of  Te  Rauparaha'a 
people.     He  was  brought  from  Fort  Cooper  by  Captain  Steward,  brig  '*  Elizabeth." 

1831.— Tory  Channel  whaling-station  estabUshed. 

ISSl.-'Appljoation  of  thirteen  chiefs  for  the  protection  of  King  William  the 
Fourth* 

Dec.  183L— Pukerangiora  Pa,  Waitara,  fell  to  Waikato, 

Feb.,  1B32.— Eepuke  of  Waikato  at  Nga<motu  Pa,  under  Dicky  Barrett. 

1833. — Mr.  Busby  appointed  British  Resident*  to  live  at  the  Bay  of  Islandi. 

1834.— Battle  of  Haowhenua  and  Pakakutu,  near  Otaki. 

1834. —  Bishop  Williams's  first  visit  to  Ka«t  Cape. 

April  29,  1834. — '*  Harriot  "  wrecked  at  Cape  Egmont. 

Oct,  1,  1834.— H. M.S.  ''AUigator"  shelled  and  took  Waimate  Pa.  near 
Opunake.    Firi^t  occasion  of  H.M.  troopa  being  employed  in  New  Zealand. 

1835. — Declaration  of  indepondence  of  the  whole  of  New  Zealand  as  one 
nation t  with  the  title  of  "  The  United  Tribes  of  New  Zealand.'* 

Nov,  and  Dec,  1835.— Ngati-Awa  Tnbea  migrated  t^  and  conquered  the 
Chatham  Islands, 

March  28.  1B36.— Maketu  Pa,  Bay  of  Plenty,  fell  to  Waikato. 

May  9,  1836.— Te  Tumu  Pa.  Bay  of  Plenty,  fell  to  To  Arawa. 

Aug.  5,  1836.— Battle  at  Matai-puku,  Kotorua— Waikato  beat  Te  Arawa. 

Oct.,  1836.— Siege  of  Toka-akuku,  Te  Kaha.  Bay  of  Plenty. 

1838. — The  Koman  Catholio  Bishop  Pompallier,  with  several  prieeta,  arrived 
at  Hokianga. 

Sept.  1.  1838. — H.M.S.  '*Pelonis*'  discovers  Pelorus  Sound. 

April,  1839— Taking  of  the  French  whaler  "Jean  Bart"  at  Chatham 
lalanda  by  Maoris, 

May  12.  1839. — Departure  of  the  preliminary  expedition  of  the  New  Zealand 
Company  from  England* 

June,  1839. — Issue  of  Letters  Patent  authorising  the  Governor  of  New  South 
Wales  to  include  within  the  limits  of  that  colony  any  territory  that  might  be 
acquired  in  sovereignty  by  Her  Majesty  in  New  Zealand. 

Sept.  16,  1839. — First  body  of  New  Zealand  Company's  emigrants  sailed  from 
Graveeend. 

Sept.  20,  1839.— Arrival  in  Port  Nicholson  of  the  preliminary  expedition  of 
the  New  Zealand  Company  under  Colonel  Wakefield. 

Oct,  16,  1839.— Battle  of  Te  Kuitit&nga,  Otaki. 

Jan.  20,  1840.— First  steamer  arrived  in  New  Zealand. 

Jan.  22, 1840.^Arrival  of  first  body  of  immigrants  at  Port  Nicholson* 

Jan.  29,  1840. — Captain  Hobson,  R.N.,  arrived  at  the  Bay  of  Islands,  On 
the  following  day  ^Jan.  30)  he  hoisted  the  Union  flag,  and  read  the  oommiseion, 
under  the  Great  Seal  of  the  United  Kingdom,  which  extended  the  boundaries  of 
the  Colony  of  New  South  Wales  so  as  to  embrace  and  comprehend  the  Islands  of 
New  Zealand;  also  hie  own  oommission  as  Lieutenant-Governor  over  territory 
that  might  be  acquired  in  sovereign ty. 


1 


^ 


746 


NBW    SBALAKD   OmciAL    TBAK-BOOK. 


Fab,  5t  1640. — Treaty  of  W«.itangi  B\nQed. 

May  21,  1B40.— Date  of  ProolamatiotiB  of  soTeteigaty  over  the  Islaoda  of 
New  Zeal&nd. 

June  17,  1B40<— The  Queen's  sovereignty  over  the  Middle  Istland  formaUj 
proelaimed  at  Cloudy  Bay»  by  Major  BuDbury,  H,M«  60ih  Begiment,  aad  Captam 
NiaB.  H.N. 

Aug.  11,  leiC— The  Bribiflh  flag  hoisted  at  Akaroa  by  Gaptaio  Stantej, 
RN.,  and  British  authority  established.  The  Prenoh  frigate  *♦  L'Aube  "  arrifed 
there  on  the  19th  August,  and  the  vessel  **Cointe  de  Paris/'  with  fifty-aefttB 
immigrants,  ou  the  16tli  AuguBt,  in  order  to  eetabliih  a  Frenoh  colony, 

Sept.  18,  1640.— Tho  Bntish  flag  hoisted  at  Auckland.  The  Lieuteikaiit- 
GoYeruor'a  residence  established  there. 

1840. — Formation  of  Wanganui  settlement  under  the  name  of  **  Petre." 

Feb.  12,  1641.«»lfiflue  of  charter  of  incorporatioD  to  the  New  Zealand  Com^ 
pany. 

Mar.  31»  1841.— Arrival  of  firat  New  Plymouth  settlers. 

May  S,  1841. — ^New  Zealand  prooiaimed  to  be  independeat  of  Hew  SoQtb 
Walea. 

Oct.,  1841.— Selection  of  site  for  settlement  at  Nelson. 

Feb.  1,  1842.— Settlement  founded  at  Nelion. 

May  29,  1842.— Arrival  of  Bishop  Selwvn  in  the  colony. 

Sept.  10,  1842«— Death  of  Governor  Hobaon.  Lieutenant  Shortland,  R.N., 
Colonial  Secretary,  became  Acting-Governor  until  the  arrival  of  Captain  Fttsror* 

June,  1843. — ^Affray  with  Natives  at  the  Wairau,  and  maaaaore  by  Bae^< 
bftAata  of  Captain  Wakef)eld»  K.N.,  agent  at  Nelson  of  the  New  Zealand  Com- 
pany, and  others,  who  had  snr rendered. 

Dec.  23.  1843.— Arrival  of  Captain  Fitzroy,  R.N..  as  Governor. 

July  8,  1844.-  The  Royal  flagstafi  at  Kororareka  out  down  by  Heke. 

March  10^  1845.  —  Attack  on  and  destruction  of  Town  of  Kororareka 
Heke. 

Oot.  1, 1845.— Receipt  of  despatch  notifying  recall  of  Governor  Fitsroy.        _ 

Nov.  14,  1845. — Arrival  of  Captain  Grey,  as  Lieutenant-Governor  of  tlia 
colony^  from  South  Australia. 

Jan.  11,  1846. — Capture  of  pa  at  Euapekapeka,  Bay  of  Islands,  and  termi- 
nation of  Heke's  war. 

Mar.  3,  1846.— Commencement  of  Native  hostilities  in  the  Hutt  Valley,  neat 
Wellington. 

May  16.  1846. — Attack  by  Natives  on  a  military  outpost  in  the  Hott  Valley. 

July  23,  1646.— Capture  of  Tb  Rauparaha  at  Porirua,  near  Wellington.  He 
was  detained  for  a  year  as  a  prisoner  on  board  a  ehip  of  war, 

Aug.  28,  184G.— The  New  Zealand  Government  Act  psissed  by  the  Imperial 
Parliament,  under  which  a  charter  was  issued  dividing  the  colony  into  two  pro* 
vlnces,  and  granting  representative  institutions. 

May  19,  1847.— Attack  by  Natives  on  settlement  of  Wanganui. 

Jan.  1,  1848.— Captain  Grey  sworn  in  as  Governor  m-Chief  over  the  Islands 
of  New  Zealand,  also  as  Governor  of  the  Provinoe  of  New  Ulster  and  Governor  of 
the  Province  of  New  Munster. 

Jan.  3,  1848.— Major- Genera  I  Pitt  appointed  by  Governor  Grey  to  be  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor of  the  Province  of  New  Ulster. 

Jan.  28,  1848— Assumption  by  Lieutenant  Governor  E.  J.  Eyre,  at  Welling- 
ton,  of  the  administration  of  the  Government  of  the  Province  of  New  Muniter. 

Ffb.  21,  ie48.-'P<;ace  ratified  at  Wanganui. 

Mar.  7,  1848. — Suspension  by  Imperial  statute  of  that  part  of  the  Now  Zea* 
land  Government  Act  which  had  conferred  representative  itistitulJons. 

Mar.,  1848. — Otngo  founded  by  a  Scotch  company  under  the  aospioeia  of  the 
Fwa  Obureh  of  Scotland. 

Oct.,  1848, — Severe  earthquake  at  Wellington. 

July,  1850.— Surrender  of  the  New  Zetkl^nd  Company's  oharter,  all  ita  in- 
terests in  the  colony  reverting  to  the  Imperial  Goveroment. 

Deo.,  1850. — Canterbury  tound^  b^  t^a  Qft.Tvt«cbufY  Association  In  oomieo* 
iion  with  the  Church  ol  Bug^land. 


FBINCIPAI*  SVBNTB, 


747 


If 


JftD.  a»  1851*— Death  of  Major- General  Pitt»  LieabeDftnt-Govemor  of  Iho 
PlT>Tinc«  of  New  UUter, 

April  H«  1851.— Lieu  ten  ant- GoloD  el  Wjnyard  appointed  Lieutenanl-Governor 
<»f  tbe  Province  of  New  Ulster. 

1852«—Di  ACQ  very  of  gold  at  GoromaDdei  bj  Mr.  CharleR  Ring. 

June  30,  1852. — The  Constitution  Act  paeaed  hy  the  Idi penal  Parliameni^ 
anting  represeutabiva   iiislituiiunB  to  tbe  colooy^  and  aiihdividixig  it  into  mix 
irovinces. 

Jan.*  1853, —  Promulgation  of  the  CcuHtittttion  Act. 

Mar.  7,  1853.— Aesumption  by  Sir  George  Grej^  K.C.B.,  of  the  duties  of 
Oovemor  of  the  cotooy,  in  terms  of  ibe  appointment  after  the  paAsiog  of  the 
New  Zealand  Conetituiion  Aot,  and  oeasation  of  tbe  duties  of  the  Lieubeoant- 
Governors  of  New  Ulster  and  New  Munater 
.  Dec-  31,  1853.— Departure  of  Governor  Sir  George  Grey. 
I  Jan.  3.  1654,— Lieutenant-Colonel  Wynyard  aesumed  fche  administratioD  of 
the  Government 

May  27,  1854.— Opening  at  Auckland  of  the  first  seecion  of  the  General 
▲ssembiy  by  Lieutenant -Go  I  on  el  W>nyard,  Administrator  of  the  Government. 

Jan.,  1855. — Very  Hevere  earthquake  on  each  side  of  Cook  Strftlt. 

Sept.  6,  1855.— Arrival  of  Governor  Colonel  T.  Gore  BrownCj  0*B* 

Nov.  1%  1855.— First  members  elected  to  House  of  RepreBentatiTen  under 
ayitem  of  BespooBible  Government. 

Aug.  8,  1855.— General  ABsembly  opened. 
\         Sept.  15,  1855.— General  ABseuibly  prorogued. 

May  7»  1S56.— Appointment  of  the  first  Miniabry  under  tbe  system  of  Re- 
•ponsible  Government,  under  Mr.  SewelU  Colonial  Secretary. 

May  14»  1856.— Defeat  of  Mr.  SewelJ'a  Ministry. 

May  20»  185C, — Appointment  ol  a  Ministry  under  preiidency  of  Mr.  W,  Fca, 
M  Attorney- General. 

May  28|  1856*— Defeat  of  Mr.  Fox'a  MiQistry^  by  a  majority  af  one,  on  ft 
direct  vote  of  want  of  confidence. 

J^une  2,   1856. — Appointment  of   a   Ministry  under  tbe  prealdenoy  ol  Mr, 
E.  W.  Stafford. 

1857.— First  payable  goldfieLd  in  the  oolony  opened  ab  OoUlngwood,  in  the 
Kelaon  Province. 

Aug.  21  f  1858. — New  Provinces  Act  passed^ 
I         Kov.  1, 1858.— EHtabliflhment  of  the  Provineo  of  Bawke's  Bay* 
I        Dec.  22p  1858.— The  Austrian  explormg  Irigabe  '*  Novara  *'  arrived  in  Anck- 
land  Harbour,     Dr.  Ferdmand  von  Hochftteuor,  at  the  requent  of  tbe  New 
Zealand  Government^  was   commisaioned    bo   make  geological   surveys  of  tbe 
greater  pari  of  Auckland  and  Nelson  Provinces. 

March,  1859,— Te  Totra  offered  land  at  Waibara  for  dale  to  bhe  Governmint. 

Nov.  1,  1859.- Establishment  of  the  Province  of  Marlborough. 

Mar.,  1850.— Commencement  of  hostilibies  agaioAt  Wiremu  Kingi  te  Rangi- 
take  at  Waitara. 

Mar.  18,  I860.— Capture  of  Maori  pa  at  Waitara. 
I         Mar.  28,  I860.  — Engagement  at  Waireka. 
^         June  27,  1800.— Engagement  of  Puketakauere  at  Waitara. 

Nov.  6, 1860  —Defeat  at  Mahoetahi,  with  heavy  loim,  of  a  force  of  Wsikftio 
Katives*  who  had  crossed  tbe  Waitara  River  to  join  Wiremu  Kingi, 

Deo.  31,  1850. -Capture  of  the  Matarikoriko  Pa,  and  defeat  of  a  large  bodjr 
of  Waikato  Natives. 

Jan.  23,  I861.--The  Nativei  made  a  determined  attaok  on  tbe  redoubt  &! 
Huirangi  occupied  by  Imperial  broops.  and  were  ro^uU^d  with  heavy  lofli. 

April  1,  186L— Efitablisbmcnt  of  Province  of  Bouihland. 
I         May  21,  IdGl.—A  iraoe  agreed  to. 

May,  18CL— Discovery  ol  gold  at  GabricPs  Qullyr  Otago. 

July  5,  1661.— Defeat  of  Mr.  Sufford't  Mmi«tryp  by  a  majoriiy  ol  out,  on  ft 
vote  ol  want  of  ecnftdenoe. 

July  12, 1861.— Appointmcoi  of  ft  Ministry  under  ihe  premiefubip  of  H 
Fox. 


4 


4 


748 


NBW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL   TBAB-EOOK. 


Juljr  29,  1861.— IncorporftUon  of  the  Bank  of  New  Zealand. 

Sept.  26,  1861. — Amval  of  Sir  George  Greji  K.C.B.,  at  Auckland,  from  t)i« 
Gape  Colony^  to  succeed  Governor  Gore  Browne.  Sir  George  Gray  was  sworn  in 
as  Governor  od  the  3rd  Octoher, 

Dot.  3,  1861. — Departure  of  Governor  Gore  Browne. 

Juue  28,  1862.— Goromandel  proclaimed  a  goldfield. 

June  29,  1862. -Wreck  of  s.s.  "White  Swan"  on  Baat  Ooasl  (with  iMt  of 
many  public  records,  in  tranRit  from  Auckland). 

July  28,  1862.— Defeat  of  Mr.  Fox's  Ministry  by  the  casting-vote  of  the 
Speaker,  on  a  proposed  resolution  in  favour  of  placing  the  ordinary  conduct  o( 
Native  affairs  under  the  administration  of  the  Kesponsihle  Ministers. 

Aug.  6,  1662. — Appointment  of  a  Ministry  under  the  leadership  of  Mr 
Alfred  Domett. 

Fab.  7, 1863.— Wreck  of  H.M.S.  *'  Orpheus  "  on  Manukau  Bar ;  181  lives  lc«t. 

Feb.  26,  1863.— Definite  relinijuishment  by  the  Imperial  Government  of 
control  over  admiDistrabion  of  Native  afTaira. 

May  4,  1863. — Treacherous  assault  near  Tataraimaka  by  Natives  on  a 
niilitary  escort.  Murder  of  Lieutenant  Tragett,  Dr.  Hope»  and  five  aoldlen  of 
the  57th  Regiment. 

June  4,  1863.— Defeat  of  Natives  at  Eatikara,  by  a  force  under  Lieut,^ 
General  Cameron. 

July  17|  1863. — Action  at  Koheroai  in  the  Auckland  Province.  Commenoe 
ment  of  the  Waikato  War. 

Oct.  27,  1863.— RcRignation  of  the  Domett  Ministry,  In  oonsequenoe  oj 
difficulties  experienced  in  oonnection  with  arrangements  for  finding  a  fitting 
representative  of  tbe  Government  in  the  Legislative  Council 

Oct.  30,  1863. — Appointment  of  the  Ministry  formed  by  Mr.  Pox»  under  the 
premiership  of  Mr.  F.  Whitaker. 

Nov.,  1863. ^Acceptance  by  the  General  Assembly  of  colonial  responsibtUty 
in  Native  aflairs. 

Nov.  20, 1863. — Battle  of  Rangiriri.  Defeat  of  Natives  and  uooondiliooal 
Burrender  of  183. 

Dec.  1,  1863> — The  first  railway  in  New  Zealand  opened  for  traffic  by 
Mr.  Samuel  Bealey,  Superintendent  of  Canterbury.  The  line  was  from  Ghrisi- 
churoh  to  Ferry  mead  Junction. 

Deo.  3,  1863.— The  Now  Zealand  Settlements  Act  passed,  giving  the  Governor 
power  to  confiscate  the  lands  of  insurgent  Natives. 

Dec.  8,  1663. — Occupation  of  Ngaruawahia.  The  British  flag  hoisted  on  the 
Maori  king's  flagstaff. 

Feb.  11,  1864.— Engagement  with  Natives  on  Mangapiko  Biver.  Major 
(then  Captalnj  Heaphy,  of  the  New  Zealand  Forces,  won  the  Victoria  Gross  for 
distinguishftd  bravery  on  this  occasion. 

Feb.  22, 1864.— Defeat  of  Natives  at  Rangiaohia. 

April  2,  1664. — Attack  on  and  capture  of  pa  at  Orakau,  Waikato. 

April  21,  1864. — Engagement  near  Maketu,  Bay  of  PJenty.  Tribes  of  the 
Hawbiti  defeated  by  Arawa  NativcH,  under  Captain  McDonnell. 

April  29|  1864.— AFsault  on  Gate  Pa,  Tauranga,  Bay  of  Plenty,  and  repnlge 
of  large  British  force  by  the  Maoris.  The  pa  was  abandoned  \ff  the  Natives 
during  the  following  night, 

April  30,  1864.— Repulse  of  attack  by  rebel  Hauhau  Natives  on  rodonbt  at 
Sentry  Hill,  Taranakt. 

May  14, 18G4. — Battle  of  Moutoa,  an  island  in  the  Wanganui  River, belwten 
friendly  and  rebel  Hauhau  Nativea,     Complete  defeat  of  rebels. 

June  21,  1864. ^Engagement  at  Te  Ranga,  near  Tauranga,  by  Lleut^-Colonel 
Greer,  66th  Regiment.     Severe  defeat  of  the  Natives. 

1864. — Difloovery  of  gold  on  the  west  coast  of  the  Middle  Island. 

Sept.  10, 1864.— EBcapo  of  Maori  prisoners  from  Kawau, 

Got.  3,  1864.— Wellington  choHen  as  the  seat  of  Government. 

Nov.  24,  1864. — ^  Appointment  of  a  Ministry  under  the  premiership  of 
Mr.  F,  A.  Weid,  the  V/hvtakQt>¥oxlAvtLV%^t^  kviixv^cQsi^ned  during  tha  reoeia 


^ 


PBIKCIPAti   EVENTS.  749 

Deo,  17,  1864,— ConflBoatioo  of  Nativo  landa  in  Waikftto  by  Sir  G«ofge 
Grey. 

Feb,,  1865.^Removal  of  the  seat  of  Government  to  WelliDgton. 

March  2,  1865.— Barb uroiis  murder  of  the  Rev*  Mr.  Volkner,  a  Churoh  of 
England  miBBiotiary,  at  Opatiki,  by  Hauhau  fattaticfl,  tinder  Kereopa. 

June  8,  lB65.~SubmisBion  of  tbe  Maori  Chief  Wiiemu  Tamihana  te  Waharoa 
(William  Thompson). 

June  17,  1865.— Murder  of  Mr*  Falloon,  a  Oovemmeni  ofificor,  and  his  oono- 
p&ttionfi,  at  Whakatane,  by  H  an  ban  fanatics. 

July  23,  1865, — Capture  of  the  Wereroa  Pa»  near  Wanganui. 

Aug.  2,  1865.— AflsauU  and  capture  of  the  Pa  Kairomiromi,  at  Waiapu^  by 
Colonial  Forces  nnder  Captain  Fraser,  and  Native  Contingent  under  the  ohief 
Te  Mokena.     Eighty- seven  rebels  killed. 

Sept.  2,  1865. — Proclamation  of  peace  iaeued  by  Governor  Sir  George  Grey, 
announcing  that  the  war,  which  commenced  at  Oakura.  wa^  at  an  end. 

Sept.  30t  lS65.^Murder  by  Haiihans,  at  Kakaramea,  of  Mr.  Brougbton, 
when  sent  »«  friendly  messenger  to  tbem  by  Brigadier- General  Waddy. 

Oct.  12, 1865, — KeBignation  of  Mr.  Weld's  Ministry,  on  account  of  a  resolution 
a.d verse  to  the  Government  policy,  having  been  defeated  only  by  the  oaating-vota 
of  (he  Speaker. 

Oct.  16,  1865. — Appoiotment  of  a  Ministry  under  the  premiership  of  Mr,  E. 
W.  Staf  ord, 

Deo.  25,  1865.— Defeat  of  rebel  Nativoa  at  Wairoa,  Hawke's  Bay^  by  Colonial 
Forces  and  NeitLve  Contingent. 

Jan.  4,  1866,— Defeat  of  Natives  at  Okotuku  Fa,  on  the  west  coast  of  the 
North  I  el  and  ^  by  force  nnder  Major- General  Chute. 

Jan.  7,  1866.— Assault  on  and  capture  of  Putahi  Pa,  by  force  under  Major- 
General  Chute. 

Jan.  13,  1866. ^Assault  on  and  capture  of  Otapawa  Pa,  by  force  under  Major- 
Gen  eral  Chute. 

Jan.  17,  1866,  to  Jan,  26,  1866.— Period  of  Major-General  Chute's  maroh 
Ibrougb  the  bush  to  New  Plymouth. 

Jan.,  1866.  — Escape  of  a  large  number  of  Native  priaoners  from  the  hulk  at 
Wellington  ;  many  were  drowned  in  trying  to  swim  aBoore. 

March  29,  1866.— Submission  of  the  rebel  chiefs  Te  Heuheu  and  Herekiekie, 
of  Tftupo  difitrict. 

Mar.,  1866,— A  detachment  of  Maori  prisoners  sent  to  the  Ohatbam  Islanda. 
I         June  15,  1666. — Commencement  of  Panama  steam  mail- service. 

Aug.  26p  1866. — ^Tbe  Cook  Strait  submarine  telegraph  cable  laid, 

Oct.  2,  1666. — Engagement  with  rebel  Natives  at  Pungarebu,  West  Ooatt, 
by  Colonial  Forces,  under  Major  McDonnell, 

Oct,  8,  1866.— First  Act  passed  to  impose  stamp  duties. 

Oct,  12,  1866. — Defeats  of  rebel  Natives  at  Omaranui  and  at  Petane,  Hawke's 
Bay,  by  Colonial  Forces. 

Oct.  10,  1867, — An  Act  passed  to  establish  an  institute  for  the  promotion  of 
■eienoe  and  art  in  the  colony. 

Oct-  10,  1867. — An  Act  passed  lor  the  division  of  the  colony  into  four  Maori 
electoral  e8»  and  ibe  admission  of  four  Maori  members  to  the  House  of  Re  pre- 
ftentatives. 

Jan.,  1868.— Establishment  o!  the  County  of  Westland. 

Feb.  6,  1868,— Arrival  of  Governor  Sir  George  F,  Boweo,  O.C.M.G. 

July  4|  1668.^ — Seizure  by  Maori  prisoners,  under  the  leadership  of  Te  Kooti, 
of  the  schooner  "  Rifleman,"  and  their  escape  from  the  Chatham  Islands, 

July  12,  1868. — Night  attack  by  Natives  on  redoubt  at  Turuturu  Mokai. 
Sub-Inspector  Boss  and  seven  Europeans  killed.  Natives  driven  ofi  by  the 
arrival  of  a  force  under  Major  Von  Tempsky, 

Aug,  8,  1868.— Pursuit  by  Lieut.Colonel  Wbitmore  of  escaped  Chalbam 
Island  prisoners,  and  indecisive  engagement  in  tbe  gorge  of  the  Kuake  Ture. 

Aug,  21*  1868.— Attack  on  Ngutu-D-te-Manu  by  force  under  fjieut.-Oolonel 
McDonnell.    Defeat  of  Natives ;  four  Europeans  killed  and  eight  wounded. 


^ 


700  NBW    ZBALAKD  OmCIAL   TBAit*BOOK 


Sept*  7.  1868.— Engagement  tn  bi]»h  at  NgutiiQ-te-Miuiii.  IC&jor  Yon 
TemfHikj.  Ca{>tainft  Buck  aQd  Ftilmer,  LieuteD&Dtii  Hunter  and  HASiinga,  aod 
fourceen  men  killed. 

Oot.  19,  1858.— Biibop  Selwyn  left  Naw  Zealand. 

Kov.  7.  1868.— Attack  on  Moturoa.     Repulse  of  Colonial  Foroet,  wttb  ee?ttf 

OftB. 

Kov.  10,  1868. — Maenacre  of  thirty  two  Europfans  at  Poverty  Bay  by  T* 
Kooti's  band  of  NativeB,  who  had  escaped  from  tha  C  hath  am  lelande. 

Nov.  24.  1368,  Dec.  3.  1868,  Dec.  5,  1868.^KngAgementa  between  fmadlj 
Natives  and  rebelti  under  Te  Kooii,  at  Patutahi,  Poverty  Bay  district. 

Jan.  6,  1869.— Aesault  on  and  capture  of  Ngatapa'Pa,  Poverty  Bay  district, 
after  a  siege  of  six  dayn,  by  the  Colonial  Forcefl  of  Europeans  and  friendlj 
Natives  under  Colom^  Wliitmore  and  Major  Ropa^a.  Dispcraton  and  pursuit  ot 
Te  Kooii*s  band.     More  than  136  rebel  Natives  were  killed, 

Feb.  13,  1869.— TreacherotiB  murder  of  the  Re?.  John  Whiiely  wid  mtmi 
other  Europeami  at  the  White  CUffa,  Taranaki. 

Feb.  18,  1869.— Attack  by  rebel  Natives  on  a  foraging  party  at  Kataka  Fill; 
one  sergeant  and  six  men  killed. 

Mar,  3,  1869. — Termination  of  Panama  mailservice. 
Mar.  13,  1869.— Attack  on  and  defeat  of  Titokowaru'e  force  at  Otauto. 
April  10,  ISBO.—Native  pa  at  Mohaka  taken  by  Te  Kooti,  v?ho  killed  forty 
friendly  Native!»and  several  Europeami  in  the  neighbourhood. 

April  12, 1669.— First  arrival  of  H.R.H,  the  Duke  of  Edinburgh  in  Welling- 
ton, in  H.M.S.  '*  Galatea.'* 

May  6,  1869. — Surprise  and  capture  of  Ahikeiem  and  Oamaru  Teangi  Pm, 
Waiwera  countrv.     Defeat  of  Te  Kooti. 

Jane  13, 18G9.— Surrender  to  Major  Noake  and  Mr.  Booth,  R.M.,  of  the  chief 
Tairua,  with  122  men,  women,  and  children  of  the  PakakoheTribe,neai'Wangaj]oL 
June  24,  186U. — Defeat  of  Mr.  Stafford's  Ministry  on  a  want-of-oonfidenot 
motion. 

June  28, 1869.— Appointment  of  a  Ministry  under  the  premiership  of  Mr.W. 
Foi. 

Sept.  3,  1869. — An  Act  passed  providing  Government  life  insurance  and 
annuities, 

Oct..  1869. — Seventy 'four  prisoners  from  the  bands  of  Te  Kooti  and  Titoko 
warn  sentf-noed  to  death,  after  trial,  for  treason.  The  sentences  of  B«venty>lhret 
were  commuted  to  penal  servitydtj  for  various  terms. 

Oct.  4,  1869 — Pourere  Pa  stormed  and  taken  by  Lieut.-Oolonel  MoDonneU, 
with  a  milted  force  of  Europeans  and  Natives. 

Jan.,  1870. — Three  huitdred  friendly  Natives  under  Topia,  and  three  hun- 
dred under  l^lftjor  Kt  epa  (known  ae  Kemp)«  started  up  the  Wanganut  River  In 
pursuit  of  Te  Kooti,  who  reirpated  into  the  Urewera  countrv. 

Jan.  25,  1970.  -Capture  of  Tapapa  Pa,  occupied  by  Te  Kooti. 
Feb.  24.  1870. — The  la^t  detachment  of  the  Imperial  troops  left  the  colony. 
Mar.  25, 1870.^Major  Keepa,  with  Native  force,  captured  the  posuion  held  by 
Te  Kooti  at  Maraetahi,  in  Urewera  country  ;  nineteen  rebeh  killed  and  seven ty- 
three  of  Te  Kooti's  men  taken  prisoners.     Te  Kooti  escaped  with  tweniy  followea. 
Mar.  26, 1870.^  Co  mm  en  cement  of  San  Francisco  mail-service. 
June  28,  1870. — Enunciation  in  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  pnblie. 
works  policy  by  the  Colonial  Treasurer,  Mr,  Vogel 

July,  1870.— Thirty  prisoners  of  Te  K ootids  band  sentenced  to  death.  The 
lentenees  were  commuted  to  penal  servitude. 

Atjg.  27,  1870.— Arrival  in  Wellington  of  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Edinburgh  in 
H.M.S.  ** Galatea."     Second  visit. 

Sept.  12,  1870.— An  Act  passed  to  establish  the  New  Zealand  Untvereity. 
Sept.  12,  1870.— The  Land  Transfer  Act  paseedi  to  simplify  the  title  to  land 
and  dealinKis  ^ith  real  estates. 

Oot.  0,  1870.— Southland  Province  reunited  with  Otago, 

Deo.  5.  1870.— Hon iani  te  Puni,  the  chief  of  the  Kgatiawas,  a  staunch  friend 
of  the  Europeans,  died  at  Petone,  near  Wellington,  aged  ninety  yeara. 


PRINCIPAL  KTBNT8. 


781 


Mftr,   1871. — ^Coitimenoemetit  of  railway -con« tract! on  under  the  ptiblio- 
I        works  polio  J. 
^  Aug.  4,  1871.— Death  of  Tomati  Waka  Keno,  tfie  great  Ngapuhl  chief  and 

»  friend  of  the  EuropeanB. 
Nov.,  1871. — Capture  of  the  notorious  lebel   Kereopai  the  murderer  of  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Volkner*  by  tbe  Ngatipomus, 
Jan.  5t  1872.— Execution  of  Kcreopa  at  Napier, 
Jan..   1872.--Bemiaaion  of  eenLences  on  fifty-eight   Native  prieonera  then 
undergoing  tmprieonment  for  rebelUon« 

Feb.  22,  187'2,^ViBit  of  William  Ring,  the  Maori  ohrof  of  Waitara,  to  New 
Plymouth,  and  redumption  of  Amicable  reiatiDne  with  the  Europeans. 

May  9,  1872,— A  general  thanksgiving  day  for  the  recovery  of  H.R.H.  the 
Prince  of  Walefi. 

Sept.  6,  1372. ^Defeat  and  resignaiioti  of  Mr.  Fox*i  Ministry. 
Sept.  10,  1872. — Appointment  of  a  Ministry  under  the  premiership  of  the 
Hon.  E.  W.  Stafford. 

Oct.  i,  1872.— Defeat  of  the  Stafford  Ministry  on  a  vote  of  want  of  confidence 
movei3  by  Mr.  Vogel. 

Oct.  11,  1872.— Appointment  of  a  Ministry  under  the  premiership  of  the 
Hon.  G.  M.  Waterhouse,  M.L.O. 

Oct.  lip  1872.-'FirBt  appointment  of  Maori  chiefs  (two)  to  he  members  of  the 
Legislative  Council 

Oot.  25,  1872.— The  Public  Trust  Office  Act  paseed. 
Jan.»  1873.— Establiebment  of  ihe  New  Zealand  Shipping  Company. 
Mar.  3,  1873.— The  Hon.  W.  Fox  appointed  Premier  on  the  reaifjnation  of 
Ifaat  ofSoe  by  the  Hoo.  Q.  M,  Waterhause,  the  other  members  of  the  Ministry 
being  confirmed  in  their  offices. 

Mar.  19.  1873.— Departure  of  Governor  Sir  G.  F.  Bowen»G.C.M.G. 
Mar.  21,  1873,— Assamption  of  the  Government  by  Sir  G.  A.  Arney»  Chief 
Jtistice,  ae  Adminifitrator. 

April  8^  1873,— Resign ation  of  the  premicrKhip  by  tha  Hon.  W.  Fox,  on  the 
return  of  the  Hon.  J.  Vogel,  C.M.G.,  from  AuHtralia.     Appointmeut  of  Mr.  Vogel 
as  Premier,  the  other  Ministers  being  ooofirined  in  their  offices. 
June  14,  1873.— Arrival  of  Governor  S<r  J.  Ftfrgnsson,  P.O. 
Aug.  22,  1874. — The  IropriHonment  for  Debt  Abolition  Aot  passed. 
Nov,  27,  1874. — Sir  James  Fergtisson  left  New  Zealand. 
Dec.  3»  1874.— Arrival  of  Governor  the  Marquis  of  Normanby,  P.0» 
1874.-31,774  tmmigranta  were  introduced  this  year  under  the  immigration 
and  pubiio-woika  policy. 

Jan.  3,  1875,— Visit  of  Sir  Donald  McLean  to  the  Maori  king;  resumption 
of  amicable  relations. 

July  6,  1875.— Resignation  of  the  Ministry,  in  oonsfquence  of  the  absence  of 
Sir  J,  Yogcl,  K.G.M.O.,  in  Eogland,  and  his  being  unable  to  attend  the  setieion 
of  Parliament.  Keoonsttbution  thereof,  under  the  premiership  of  the  Hon.  Dt, 
Pollen,  M.L.O. 

July,  1875,— Estahliahment  of  ihe  Union  Steam  Shippiug  Company  of  New 
Zealand. 

1875.-18,324  immigrants  were  introduced  this  year  under  the  immigration 
and  public- works  policy. 

Oot.  12,  1875.— The  Abolition  of  Provinces  Aot  passed, 

Feb.  15 j  1876— Besignaiion  of  the  Hon,  Dr.  Pollen's  Ministry,  and  recon- 
atitution  under  the  premjerdhip  of  Sir  J»  Vogel,  K  C.M.G. 

Fvb.  18,  1876.—  Completion  of  the  work  of  laying  the  telegraph  cable  between 
New  Zealand  and  Now  South  Wales. 

June,  187G.— Death  of  Dr.  Isaac  Eart  Featherston,  while  acting  ae  Agent 
General  for  the  colony  in  England.  He  wan  the  ^n^t  to  hold  (hat  office,  and  had 
previously  been  Superintendent  of  the  Province  of  Wellington  from  the  time  of 
the  fi ret  establishment  of  provincial  representative  institutions. 


1 


Eecoo- 


talo  full  op«rft^ 
mbdivided  m(o 

of  wmoK  of  ooofi- 


iiK  lbs  fmslenhip  of  Stf 
for  iIm  free  ^od  oompoliofy 


I 


N*livei  toi  eaadfig 

on  Ml  AmeDdm^nt  to  the 
bj  a  dissoluiioQ  of 

ol  Sir  Q«args  Qtty'% 

Oet.  8^  laHL— AfpoiD*BaB&<if  n  ¥liila|ij  mwlai  tk«  pc«iiuenhip  of  the  Hoo. 
Joiia  Hftll. 

Db6.  19,  1819.->Ab  am  fMMi  te  MH«  propnty  for  IIm  pntpoM  of  Uz&ii<m. 

Deo.  Id*  18T9.— Tbe  t^neuMJ  PwiJM^ftnl  Aei  ymmmA, 

Dee.  19^  1079. — An  Ast  pmmA  to  qfuOi^  tnvj  nsidtDt  m«l0  of  (weDty-oQ« 
ft^n  ol  ftf«  aybd  npwdi  lo  vote. 

JiuiA.  1880.— Fint  portMB  of  Ibo  Pidliakm  MAOii  pruoDera  loleued  b;  Um 
Oo'v^nuooikt, 

Jaiy  9t  1880.^Botmtj  IdA&d  tekoo  pOMMtiop  of  by  CaptAin  G«orgo  P«lmtr, 
H.lt.B.  **  BoMrio.** 

Stpi.  B,   1680.— Deputure  of    OofWBor  Sir  HerciUes    G.    R.    Kobitto 
G.G.M.G, 

Oct.  1880. — Reloftse  of  tbe  lut  portion  of  tbe  Fimlmka  Maori  priaonora, 

Oct.  26,  1880,— Sir  Pr&DGts  Dfltoa  Belt  Appointed  Agent  General. 

Nov.  29,  1680.— Arrivat  of  Governor  Sir  A.  H.  Oordoo,  G.O.M.G. 

April  29»  1881.—"  Tarania/'  steamer,  wrecked  ;  130  livei  lost. 

June  26,  IBBl.^Severe  earthquakes  in  Wellington. 

Nov.  5t  1881.— March  of  force  of  ConBtabul&ry  and  Volunteera  on  Parih&ka, 
and  arrest  of  Te  Wbiti  and  Tohu,  without  bloodshed, 

Feb.  15,  1883. — First  shipment  of  froien  meat  made  from  Port  Ohalmeis. 
(See  Year-book,  1893,  p.  192.) 

April   21,   1882.~Eeeignation   (during  the  foooflft)  of  tbe  Bon.  J.   Hall't 
Ministry,   and    its   reconstruotion    under   the   premierthip    of    the   Hon.    W^M 
Whitaker.  M.L  G.  ^M 

June  23,  1882.— Departure  of  Governor  Sir  A.  H.  Gordon.  ^* 

Juno  24,  1882.— Assumption  of  the  Government  by  Sir  J,  Prendergaat,  Chief 
Justice. 

Jan.  20   1883.— Arrival  of  Governor  Sir  W.  P,  D.  Jervois,  G.C.M.G.,  O.B. 

Jan.  %,  1883. — A  direct  tine  of  sieam-oomniunication  between  Koglaod  aitd 
New  Zealard  inaugurated  by  iho  New  Zealand  Shipping  Oompany. 


Qft09^ 


PBINOIPAL   BVBNTfi.  763 

Feb.  13^  1883.— Proclftmmtion  of  amnesty  to  M&od  political  ofiandera, 

Feb.  19,  1883,— Liberation  of  To  Whiti  and  Tobu. 

Sept.  25,  1883. — Resignation  ol  tbe  office  of  Premier  and  hh  seat  in  the 
Ministry  by  tbe  Hon.  F.  Whitaker^  and  the  appointment  of  the  Hon.  Major  H. 
A,  AtkiDBon  to  be  Premier,  Ibe  memberB  of  Mr.  Whitaker'B  Miniabry  being 
confirmed  in  their  offices. 

June  11,  lB84.^Defeat  of  Major  AtkinHnn*fl  Gavernment. 

June  27,  1884. — Diefiolution  of  the  General  Aasembly. 

Ang.  16,  1884.— ResigBation  of  Major  Atkinson's  Ministry  in  ooni>«quenoe  of 
Ibe  reeult  of  the  general  ©lecticm*  Formation  of  a  Ministry  under  tbe  premier- 
Bbip  of  Mr.  Robert  Stout. 

Aug.  20,  1884.- Defeat  of  Mr.  Stont*e  Ministry  by  an  amendment,  expresai?e 
of  want  of  confidenoe,  to  the  Addresa  in  Reply  being  carried. 

Aug.  28,  168i. — Appointment  of  a  Ministry  under  the  premiership  of  Major 

AtklQBOD. 

Aug.  29,  1884. — Defeat  of  Major  Atkinson's  Ministry  on  a  vote  of  want  of 
confidence. 

Sept.  3,  1884.^Appointmonfc  of  a  Ministry  under  the  premiership  ol  Mr, 
Robert  Stout. 

Nov.  8,  1884. — ^An  Act  passed  to  enable  certain  loane  of  tbe  New  Zealand 
Government  to  be  converted  into  ineoribed  stock  and  the  accrued  sinking  funds 
released. 

Aug.  1, 1885. — The  New  Zealand  Industrial  Exbibition  opened  at  WeUington. 

June  10^  1686.— Volcanic  eruptions  at  Tarawera,  and  destruction  of  tbe 
famed  Pink  and  White  Terracee  ;  101  lives  lost. 

May  28,  188?.- Defeat  of  Sir  Robert  Stout's  Ministry. 

July  15,  1837.— Dissolution  of  tbe  Oeneral  Assembly,  after  prorogation,  on 
the  lOth  June. 

July  21,  1867.— A  Proclamation  issued  declaring  the  Kermadoo  Islands  to  be 
annexed  to  and  form  part  of  the  Oolony  of  New  Zealand. 

Aug.  17,  1887.— Kermadec  Group  annexed  to  New  Zealand*  Flag  hoisted 
Mid  proclamation  read  at  Sunday  Island. 

Oot.  6,  1887. — Appointment  of  a  Ministry  under  the  premiership  of  Major 
H.  A.  Atkinson,  Sir  Robert  Stout's  Ministry  having  resigned  in  consequence  of 
the  result  of  the  election. 

Deo.  19,  1887. — An  Act  passed  to  reduce  the  number  of  members  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  after  the  expiration  of  the  General  Assembly  than 
Hitting,  to  seventy- four,  including  four  Ma^ri  representatives. 

Dec.  23,  1887. — The  Australian  Naval  Defenoe  Act,  being  an  Act  to  provide 
for  (be  establishment  of  an  additional  naval  force  on  tbe  Australian  Station,  at 
Ibe  joint  charge  of  the  Imperial  and  the  several  Colonial  Qovernments,  was 
passed  by  the  New  Zealand  Legielature. 

Oot.  *27,  1888.— Formal  Proclamation  of  British  Protectorate  of  Cook  Group 
of  Islands,  by  Captain  Bourke,  R.N.,  of  H.M.S.  **  Hyacinth.** 

Mar,  22,  1889.— Departure  of  Governor  Sir  W.  F.  D.  Jervois,  G.O.M.G.,  0,B.» 
from  Ihe  colony. 

Mar.  23,  1889,— Assumption  of  the  Government  by  Sir  James  Prendergaet. 

May  2, 1880.— Arrival  of  the  Earl  of  Onalow,  G.O.M.G. 

Sept.  2,  1889.— Electors  prohibited  by  statute  from  voting  in  respeot  of  more 
than  one  electorate  at  any  election  for  the  House  of  Representatives. 

Nov.  26.  16S9. — Opening  of  South  Seas  Exhibition,  Dunedin. 

Deo.  5.  1890.— First  election  of  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
under  a  practical  manhood  suffrage,  and  on  the  one-man-one-vote  principle. 

Jan.  24,  1891. —Notification  by  Governor  of  acceptation  of  reHignatioci 
{during  the  recess)  of  the  Hon.  Sir  H.  A.  Atkinson's  Ministry*  Appoiotment  of 
a  Ministry  tinder  the  premiership  of  the  Hon.  John  Ballanoe. 

April  22,  1891.— Proolaraation  by  Governor  of  New  Zealand  to  Inhabitants  at 
Rarotonga  of  appointment  of  British  Resident  for  the  Protectorate  of  the  Oook 
Island  a. 

May  25, 1691,— Adhesion  of  Auitrafia  to  Postal  Union. 


754 


NSW    ZEALAND   OFFICIAL    TBAK-BOOK. 


Aug.   19,  1891.— La.bour  L&we:   P&SBiug  of  Employers*  Liability  Aol  1889 

Amendment  Act. 

Aug.  29,  1891.— L&bour  Lavvs  :  P^satag  of  Tniok  Aot|  to  prohibit  pay  me  nil 
wagea  Id  goods  or  otherwise  thau  in  moDey. 

Sept,  8,  1891.— Passiog  o(  Land  and  Inoome  Asfteeamenl  Aot  for  purpoiei 
if  taxation,  iui<l  repeal  of  property-tax, 

Sept«  21,  ISSL—Labour  Laws :  Passing  of  an  Act  for  Buperviaing  and  regs 
Uting  of  faotorieB  and  workrooms.     [Repealed  by  Act  of  1894.] 

Jan.  19,  1892.— Electoral  districts  of  the  oolony  based  on  populalioti  m 
aaoertained  by  the  restilts  of  the  census  of  1B91  proclaimed. 

Feb.  2,  1892.— Departure  of  Governor  the  Earl  of  On  Blow, 

Feb.  25,  1892.— Aestimption  of  the  Qovemment  by  Sir  Jamea  Pr«ndargast, 
Chief  Justice. 

June  7,  1892-— Arrival  of  Governor  the  Earl  of  Glasgow,  G CM  G, 

June  28,  1892.— Death  of  Sir  H.  A.  Atkinson,  K.C.M.G.,  Speaker  of  the 
Legislative  Council,  i^iid  previously  four  times  Premier. 

Oot>  1,  1892.— Labour  Laws:  Passing  of  Contractors*  and  Workmen's  Lleii 
Act. 

Oct.  8, 1892.— Pausing  of  Dairy  Industry  Act.    [Repealed  by  Act  of  1894.) 

Oct.  11,  1892.— Parsing  of  first  Land-tax  and  Income-tax  Act  on  the 
iMttis  of  the  AsMoesment  Act  of  previous  year. 

Oct,  11,  1892.—''  Land  Act,  1892":  Lease  in  perpetuity  without  revataatiofi 
system  introduced ;  occupation  with  right  of  purohase ;  optional  malhod  of 
selection  ;  smiLlMarms  associations. 

Oct.  8,  1892.^ — ^*  Land  for  Settlements  Act,  1692,"  authorising  purchase  o! 
lands  from  individuals  for  purposes  of  subdivisioQ.  [Repealed  by  Act  of  1894 
Sea  poit.] 

Aprtl  19,  1893.— Cheviot  Estate  taken  over  by  Government  under  the  Land 
and  Inoome  Assessment  Aot. 

April  27,  1893.— Death  of  Hon.  John  Ballance,  Premier  of  Ifew  Zealand. 

May  1«  1893. — R<>signation  of  the  Ministry  in  consequence  ot  the  death 
of  the  Hon.  John  Ballanoe,  and  appointment  of  a  new  Ministry  under  Ibe 
premiership  of  the  Hon.  R.  J.  Seddon. 

June  23,  1893.— Death  of  Sir  William  Fox,  K.O.M.G.,  four  times  Premier  at 
New  Zealand. 

Bept.  2,  1893.— Passing  of  Bank-note  Issue  Act,  to  make  bank  notes  a  ^ni 
charge  on  assets  and  to  enable  the  Government  to  declare  them  to  be  a  legal 
tender,  dec 

&epc.  8.  1893.— The  Legislative  Council  of  New  Zealand  passed, by  a  majority 
of  two,  the  Bill  oonferring  the  franchise  on  women, 

Sept.  14,  1893. — Banks  and  Bankers  Act  Amendment  Act  passed,  to  permit 
of  increase  of  capital  by  i^sue  of  new  shares. 

Sept.  19,  1893,  — ♦*  The  Electoral  Act.  1893,*'  extending  franchise  to 
women. 

Oot.  2,  1893r— Alcoholic  Liquors  Sale  Control  Act  passed:  New  licenses  to  be 
granted  subject  to  the  votes  of  the  electors  -  reduction  or  abolition  of  licenses  if 
desired, 

Oct.  6,  1893,— Passing  of  '*  Criminal  Code  Act,  1893," 

Oct.  6,  1893.— Labour  Laws:  Passing  of  **  Workmen's  Wage«  Act,  1893,'* 

Oct.  6,  1893.— Native  Land  Purchase  and  Acquisition  Act, 

Oct,  20,  1893,— Sir  James  Prendergast  appointed  temporarily  Deputy  of  the 
Ck>vernor. 

Nov.  28.  1893.— A  general  election  iook  place,  being  the  first  oooaaton  on 
whiob  women  exorcised  the  franchise, 

Deo,  28,  1893  —Death  of  Right  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  John  Cbitty  Harper,  for- 
merly Bishop  of  Christohuroh  and  Primate  of  New  Zealand. 

Mar.  19,  1894.— Sir  James  Prendergast  appointed  temporarily  Deputy  of  the 
Governor. 

June  30, 1894.— Passing  of  Act  to  extend  operation  of  Bank-note  Issue  Aot»  , 
and  another  Act  to  conbrol  the  transfer  of  bank  shares. 


FRINCIPAlj   EVENTS. 


765 


June  30,  1694,^"  Bank  of  Kew  Zeftland   Share  Ouaraneee  Act*  1894/*  to 
TftDtee  K|>eci&l  issue  of  sbarea  to  amounl  of  £2X00.000.  and  pyrcbase  oi  Assets 
Estatea  Company  by  Assets  Board.     [Aniended  on  July  20.] 

July  20,  16U4,— Parsing  of  an  Aob  to  limit  number  of  bank  directors  and 
power  of  eharebolders  to  trani^fer  tbeir  shares. 

Aug.  21,  1804.— Labour  Laws:  Passing  of  CoBBpiracy  Iiaw  Amendment* 
Aug.  31,  1804. ^Labour  Laws  :  PaHRing  of  an  Act  to  encourage  tbe  formatioQ 
of  industrial  uoiooa  and  a^sooiatioDS.  and  to  facilitate  the  setilemeDt  of  indue* 
trial  disputes  by  ooncilmtion  and  arbitration, 

Oct,  18,  1B94.— ^'  New  Zeftland  CohpoIb  Act,  1894/* 

Oct.  19»  1894.— **  Government  Advances  to  Seitlera  Act.  1894/*  for  relief  of 
settlers  burdent-d  by^igh  cbargOB  of  interettt,  d^o. 

Got,  IB,  1804— Paasing  of  "  Land  for  S^itlementt  Act^  1894/'  authorising 
^qutsition  of  private  lands  for  purposes  of  settlement,  with  compulsory  powers^ 
and  repealing  Act  of  1892;  also  "  Laxtds  Improvement  and  Native  Lands 
Acquidtion  Act,  1894/' 

Oct.  18,  1894.— Labour  Laws  :  Passing  of  **  Shops  and  ShopasBistants  Act, 
1894/'  for  limiting  btvyra  of  busmese  in  shops. 

Oot.  23,  1894.— Passing  of  **  BaTiking  Act,  1894.** 

Oct*  2^J,  1894.— Dairy  Industry  Act,  to  regulate  manufacture  of  butter  and 
cheese,  wi  h  inf^pection  and  grading  for  export,  and  provide  for  purity  of  milk. 

Oct.  28,  1894.— Wreck  of  b,8.  *'  Wairatapa  "  at  Great  Barrier  Island;  IBG 
Uvea  lost. 

Mar.  29,1895.— Death  of  Right  Reverend  Andrew  Burn  Suter,  D.D.,  formerly 
Bishop  of  Nelnon,  and  Primate  of  New  Zeedand. 

May  27,  1895.  — Government  assumed  management  of  the  Midland  Railway. 
Aug.  8,  1896.- Death  of  C,  W.  Richmond,  Puisne  Judge  of  Wellington. 
Aug.  90^  1895.— Trustees  of  cemeteriea  authorised  to  provide  for  cremation 
of  dead. 

Sept.  4,  1895.—"  Bank  of  New  Zealand  and  Banking  Act,  1895/'  providing 
for  writing  oJ!  paid-up  capital  with  proceeds  of  f^rst  call  on  reserve  liability; 
also  for  new  capital  and  Assets  Realisation  Board,  &c. ;  also  to  purchase  busmesB 
of  any  other  bank. 

Sept.  20,  l695.»Labour  Laws  ;  Passing  of  an  Act  to  regulate  attaohment  of 
WAges, 

Sept.  20, 1995. — Labour  Laws  ;  Passing  of  Servants'  Begiatry  Office  Act. 
Sept.  20.  1895— '^  Family  Homes  Proieotion  Act^  1895/'  to  secure  homes 
for  the  people  and  to  prevent  them  from  mortgage  or  sale  for  debt. 
Dot.  18,  1895.— Amended  tariff  passed. 

Oct.  SI,  1895.— Bank  of  New  Zealand  and  Banking  Act  Amendment  Act: 
8a]e  of  Colonial  Bank  business  to  Bank  of  New  Zealand. 

Dec.  20,  1895.- Appointment  of  Sir  P,  A,  Buckley,  K.G.M.G.,  as  a  Judge  of 
Bapreme  Court. 
.  Jan.  10,  1896.— Hon.  W.  P.  Reeves  appointed  Agent-General  in  Londoa, 

i  Mar.  26,  1896. —  Bmnner  Mine  explosion  ;  sixty-seven  deaths. 

^^m         April  12,  1896»— General  cennus  of  colony  takeu  for  Sunday  night. 
^m        May  18,  169G.— Death  of  Sir  Patrick  Buckley,  K.C.M.G. 
I^'        July  11,  1896,— Appointment  of   Mr.    W.  B,   Edwards  as  a  Judge   of  the 
Supreme  Court. 

July  19,  1696.— Death  of  Hon.  Robert  PbaraByo,  M.L.C. 
Aug.  2, 1896.— Death  of  James  Edward  FitzUerald,  C.M.O.,  Controller  and 
Auditor  Gpnerat, 

Oct.  16,  1896.— Land  for  Settlements  Act  amended  :  Special  provision  mads 
for  difipopal  of  higbly  miproved  lands  acquired ;  preference  given  to  landless 
people  ;  Boards  may  select  applicants,  &c. 

Oct.  17,  1896,— Alteration  of  franchise  by  abolition  of  o  on 'residential  or 
property  qtmlification. 

Oct.  17,  1896.— Government  Valuation  of  Land  Act  passed, 
Deo,  4,  1896.— General  election  of  members  of  Uouao  of  RepresontatiTSi  j 
for  the  new  districts  as  fixed  by  the  Representation  Oommisstonsra  on  basis  '' 
oensus,  1896, 


756 


raw    EEAliAini   OFFICIAL    TBAB*BCK>X. 


Feb*  6,  1897.— Departure  ol  the  Earl  of  Glasgow,  G,C.M.G, 
Feb*  8,  1897. — Sir  James  Prendergaat  AdminUtrator  of  Government, 
June  22,  1897. ^Diamond  Jubilee  of  reign  of  Her  Majesty  QueeQ  Violoria^ 
Hon.  R.  J.  Seddoni  Premier  of  New  Zealand,  called  to  Privy  Council,  on  oeoafficno 
of  his  visit  to  EDgJand  with  contingent  New  Zealand  Forces, 

July  29,  1897.— Wreck  of  B.s.  ** Tasmania'*  at  Mabia  PenlnsuJa;  ken  livet 
lost. 

Aug.  10,  1897.— The  Earl  of  Ranfurly  aesumed  office  as  Governor. 
Deo.  22,   1897.— Act  to  establish   at    Wellington   the  Victoria  College,  m 
conneetion  with  the  New  Zealand  University. 

July  15,  1698.— Hon.  Sir  Francis  Dillon  Bell.  K.C.M.G.,  C.B..  died. 
1898.- Death  of  Sir  George  Grey,  K.C.B. 
1898. — Death  of  Bishop  Selwyn,  of  Melanesia. 
Oct.  15,  1898.— The  Municipal  Franchise  Reform  Act  passed. 
1898. — The  Divorce  BilJ  passed  both  Hou&es.     Her  Majesty's  oBsent  thertto 
gasetted  13th  April,  1899. 

Nov,  1,  1898."  An  Act  to  provide  for  old-age  pensions  passed. 
Feb.  10,  1899.— Rev.  William  Coleoso  died  at  Napier, 
March  13,  1899,— Sir  Julius  Vogel.  K.C.M.G.,  died. 
April,  1899.— Victoria  University  College  opened  in  Wellington. 
May  25,  1899.— Resignation  of  Sir  James  Prendergast,  Chief  JusHoe. 
June  1,  1899.—*'  The  Divorce  Act,  1898,"  assented  to  by  Her  MaJMty  Iht 
Queen,  came  into  operation. 

June  22,  1899.— Sir  Robert  Stout,  K.CM.G.,  appointed  Chief  Juiiioa. 
Oct.  19,  1899.— Act  passed  constituting  Labour  Day.     The  second  Wedflii- 
day  in  the  month  of  October  in  each  year  to  be  a  public  holiday. 

Oct.  21,  1899.— N.Z.  Contingent  (the  first)  oonHiating  of  215  officers  and  men, 
left  in  s.fl.  '*  Waiwera"  for  Algoa  Bay  to  asstfit  the  British  in  the  Transvaal  war. 
Nov.  16,  1899. — General  Assembly  dissolved. 

Dec.  6, 1899t— Geoeral  Election  of  Members  of  House  of  RepreeentAtivea. 
Jan.  21,  19O0.— The  Second  N.Z.  Contingent  (258  officers  and  men)  left  (or 
South  Africa  in  e.s.  "  Waiwera.*' 

Feb.  5,  1900.— Hod.  Tbomas  Dick  died. 

Feb.  17,  1900.— The  Third  N.Z.  Contingent  (364  officers  and  men)  left  lof 
South  Africa  in  s.s.  "  Knight  Templar.*' 

March  24  and  HI,  1900— The  Fourth  and  Fifth  Contingents  (1.060  officers 
and  men)  left  for  South  Africa  in  s.ss.  '*  Monowai,"  "  Gymarlo,"  "  Waimaie/* 
and  **  Maori." 

June  28,  1900.— "  Bubonic  Plague  Prevention  Act,  1900,"  passed. 
Aug.  8,  1900,  — "Immigration  Restriction  Act,  1899/*  assented  to  by  Her 
MajcBty  in  Council^  came  into  operation. 

Oct.  IS,  1900.— Public  Health  Act  passed. 
Oct.  18, 1900,— The  Maori  Counoilfl  Act  passed. 

Oct.  20, 1900.—^'  The  Representation  Act,  1900,*-  paused,  inoreasing  number 
of  European  representatives  to  seveoty-Bix. 

Dec.  99,  1900,— Hon,  Sir  James  Prendergaat,  Kfe,,  appointed  Deputy* 
Governor. 

Jan*  1,  1901. — Universal  pennv  postage  adopted  by  New  Zealand, 
Jan.  22,  1901.— Queen  Victoria  died. 

Jan.  28, 1901.— Aoceeeion  of  King  Edward  VII.  proclaimed  in  New  Zealand. 
Jan.  30,  I901.<»Siicth  N.Z.  Cotitingent  |578  officers  and  men)  sailed  for 
South  Africa  in  b.b,  **  Cornwall." 

Feb.  14,  1901.— D^ath  (in  England)  of  Sir  Edward  Stafford,  G.C.M.O.» 
formerly  three  times  Premier  of  New  Zealand. 

Feb.  21,  1901. — Appointment  of  Mr.  Theo.  (}ooper  as  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court. 

March  31,  1901. — General  census  of  the  colony  taken  for  Sunday  night. 
April  6,  1901.— Seventh  N.Z.  Contingent  (GOO  officers  and  men,  n>ngh*ciden) 
sailed  for  South  Africa,  per  b.s.  *'  Gulf  of  Taranto,*' 

May  22, 1901.— Deceased  Husband's  Brothec  Marriage  Act  came  into  opera- 
tion lifter  Royal  aasent. 


PBINOIPAL  BVBNTd.  T67 

JuDe  10,  1901.— Dake  and  Daohesa  of  Oornwall  and  York  arrived  in  New 
Zealand. 

June  10, 1901. — Bonndaries  of  Colony  extended  to  include  Cook  and  other 
Paoifio  Islands. 

Aug.  6, 1901.— Sir  John  MoEenzie,  E.C.M.Q.,  died. 

Nov.  7,  1901.— State  Coalmines  Act  passed. 

Feb.  1, 1902.— North  Island  division  of  the  Eighth  N.Z.  Contingent  sailed 
from  Auckland  for  South  Africa  per  s.s.  "  Surrey.** 

Feb.  8, 1902. -South  Island  division  of  the  Eighth  Contingent  sailed  from 
Lyttelton  per  s.s.  *'  Cornwall." 

March  12,  1902.- South  Island  division  of  the  Ninth  N.Z.  Contingent  sailed 
from  Port  Chalmers  for  South  Africa  per  s.s.  **  Eent." 

March  19, 1902.— North  Island  division  of  the  Ninth  Contingent  sailed  from 
Auckland  per  s.s.  **  Devon.** 

March  24,  1902. — Eod  of  Pacific  cable  landed  in  Doubtless  Bay,  Mangonui. 

April  14,  1902.— North  Island  division  of  the  Tenth  N.Z.  Contingent  sailed 
from  Auckland  for  South  Africa  per  s.s.  **  Drayton  Grange.'* 

April  14,  1902.— Bight  Hon.  B.  J.  Seddon  sailed  for  London  to  attend  Con- 
ference  of  Colonial  Pr^oiers,  and  to  represent  New  Zealand  at  His  Majesty  the 
Eing's  Coronation. 

April  19,  1902.— South  Island  division  of  the  Tenth  Contingent  sailed  for 
South  Africa  per  s.s.  "  Noriolk.** 

June  26, 1902.— Death  of  Most  Bev.  Bishop  William  Garden  Cowie,  Primat 
of  New  Zealand. 

Aug.  9,  1902. — Celebration  in  New  Zealand  on  the  occasion  of  the  Coro 
nation  of  His  Majesty  Eing  Edward  Vn. 

Aug.  1902.— Return  of  N.Z.  troopers  from  South  Africa  (Eighth  Contingent 
left  Durban  5th  July ;  Ninth,  9th  July  ;  Tenth,  16th  July). 

Nov.  5,  1902. — General  Assembly  dissolved. 

Nov.  25, 1902.— General  Election  of  Members  of  House  of  Bepresentatives. 

Dec.  8,  1902. — Pacific  (all  red)  Cable  service  opened  for  international  busi- 
ness. 

Dec.  81, 1902.— Export  of  frozen  meat  for  year  valued  at  £2,718,763. 

Dec.  81,  1902.— Export  of  butter  and  cheese  for  year  valued  at  £1,369,841. 

Feb.  8,  1903.— Hon.  W.  Bolleston  died. 

Mar.  16,  1903.— Sir  George  Whitmore,  E.C.M.G.,  died. 

May  22,  1903.— Mahuta  Tawhiao  Potatau  te  Wherowhero  (formerly  known 
as  the  Maori  King)  simimoned  to  the  Legislative  Council,  and  sworn  in  as  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  the  colony. 

May  24,  1903.— Empire  Day  proclaimed  in  New  Zealand  (anniversary  of 
birth  of  late  Queen  Victoria). 

June  29,  1903.— Opening  of  Parliament  (the  fifteenth). 

Sept.  11,  1903. — Mr.  F.  B.  Chapman  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court.  . 

Nov.  18,  1903.— State  Fire  Insurance  Act  passed. 

Nov.  24, 1903. — Preferential  and  Beoiprocal  Trade  Act  passed. 

Jan.  5, 1904.— Hon.  W.  C.  Walker,  C.M.G.,  died. 

June  20,  1904. — ^Assumption  of  the  Government  of  New  Zealand  by  Lord 
Plunket. 

July,  1904.— A  team  of  riflemen,  chosen  from  the  Defence  Force  of  New  Zea- 
land to  represent  the  colony,  was  sent  to  England  under  the  command  of  Lieut.- 
Colonel  B.  J.  Collins,  V.D.,  to  compete  at  Bisley  for  the  **  Kolapore  Imperial 
Challenge  Cup,"  and  succeeded  in  bringing  the  trophy  to  New  Zealand. 

March  23,  1905. — Death  of  Hon.  Sir  A.  J.  Cadman,  Speaker,  Legislative 
Council. 

June  14,  1905.— Hon.  W.  P.  Beeves  appointed  first  High  Commissioner  for 
New  Zealand  at  London. 

July  29, 1905. — "  Old-age  Pensions  Act,  1905,'*  passed,  increasing  amount  of 
annual  pension  to  £26. 

Oct.  SO,  1905.— Workers'  Dwellings  Act  passed. 


768  NBW    BBAI«AliD  OFFICIAL   TBAR-BOOK. 

Nov.  29, 1905. — Gtoneiml  Anembly  disaolved. 

Deo.  6.  1905.— General  election  cf  Members  of  Hoaae  of  RepnHontotives. 

June  10,  1906.— Death  of  the  Right  Hon.  R.  J.  Seddon,  P.O.,  Premier  of 
New  Zealand. 

June  21, 1906.— Resignation  of  Ministry  in  conteqnenoe  of  the  death  of  the 
Right  Hon.  R.  J.  Seddon,  and  appointment  of  a  new  Ministry  under  the  Pn- 
mierRbip  of  the  Hon.  W.  Hall-Jnnea. 

June  27, 1906.— Opening  of  Parliament  (the  sixteenth). 

Aug.  6,  1906.— Resignation  of  Blinistry  under  the  Premiership  of  the  Hon. 
W.  Hall. Jones,  and  appointment  of  a  new  Ministry  under  the  Premiership  of 
the  Hon.  Sir  J.  G.  Ward,  K.C.M.G. 


GENEKAL    INDEX. 


"  Accident  Insunuioe  Act,  1899 "  ...  ...  ...  ..     409 

Acclimfttttt&tion.     (Sm  Yettr-bQ^h,  1894,  p.  481.) 

AocomulMionf  Pncci  and  Wftg«t  ...  ...  ...  ...     999 

DerelopmfrDt  of  BKuking...  ...  ...  ...  ..     399 

<%ore«  &Dd  Yield  in  Corn- cnopt  ...  ...  ...  ...     375 

Acres  of  Lund  und^r  Drop       ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     375 

Addenda  ef  Comgend».     (Back  of  Title.) 

AdmimsirAlion  of  L&nd  Laws,  Ac.  ...  ...  ...  ...     557 

.^drantTSi  toSetUeri                  ...  ...  ...  ...  429  664 

Loans  for        ...                 ...  ...  ..  ...  429*,  664 

Mortgage  Feef                  ...  ...  ...  ...  ..     570 

Table  showing  how  repaid  ...  ...  ...  ...     553 

Titles  eligible                   ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     555 

Transactions  of  Office  ...  ...  ...  573 

Valuation  Fees                  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     5^7 

Agents  for  the  Colonies,  Crown  ...  ...  ...  ...       39 

Ages  at  Death,  Average           ...  ...  ...  ...  ..*     £28 

Average,  of  Pe Fiona  married  ...  ...  ...  ...     331 

Of  Friaoners ...                  ...  .„  ...  ...  ..     155 

Agricultural  CoUfgei  Lincoln  ...  ...  ...  ...  .  .     iqq 

AgrioulturaL  StatiiUos              ...  ...  ...  ...  []     374 

Agriculture  and  Lit e^«tock      ...  ...  ...  ...         864,874  690 

Acreage  under  Wheat,  Oats,  ^.,  in  ProTincial  Dutricta        ...  ...876 

Barley             ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  883,698 

Cape  fiarlej  and  Winter  Oats  ...  ...  ...  ...     599 

Oattle              ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  870,603 

Cereals            ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  876,693 

Consumption  of  Wheat    ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     333 

Cost  of  growing  Oats        ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     593 

Cost  of  working  a  Farm   ...  ...  ...  ...  599 

Dairj  Industry, The         ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     g^g 

Dairy  Stock    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  870,603 

Feeding  for  Milk               ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     ^q^ 

Fertilisers       ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     gQQ 

Fruit  Industre*  The         ...  ...  ...  ...  giQ 

(hardens  and  Orchards      ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     334 

Grass-seeds    ...  ...  ...  ...  886,697 

Hops              ...  ...  ..  ...  ...     384 

Horses            ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  872, 60) 

Lambing  Returns,  Arerages  ...  ...  ...  ...     369 

Lucerne          ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     599 

Mangolds  and  Carrots      ...  ...  ...  ..  ...     696 

Maiie              ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     333 

OaU                ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  882.693 

Pig*                ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  878,609 

Potatoes          ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  884,694 

Poultry           ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     009 

B*pe               ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     696 


760  NBW    BBALAIVD  OFFICIAL   TBAB-BOOX. 

Agriculture — eotUinued.  Page 

Boot-oropt      ...                 ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...     594 

Sheep              ...                 ...                 ...                                     ...  867,601 

Turnips  and  Rape             ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  884,595 

Wheat-crop  of  Australian  States        ...                 ...                 ...  ...     881 

Wl»eat-crop  of  the  World                    ...                 ...                  ..  ...     381 

Wheat,  £«timated  Surplus  of             ...                 ...                 ...  ...     882 

Wlieat  for  Thresliing        ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...     380 

Wheat  held  by  Farmers,  1905             ...                 ...                  ...  ...     382 

Wheat,  Seed  per  Acre       ...                  ...                 ...                  ...  ...     693 

Wheat,  Yield  per  Acre     ...                  ...                 ...                  ...  ...     380 

Aid  to  Public  Works  and  Land  Settlement  AcU,  1896  to  1905     ...  ...     431 

Alcoholic  Liquors,  Consumption  of,  1896  to  1905        ...                  ...  ...     264 

Aliens  Naturalised                     ...                  ...                 ...                  ...  ...     215 

America,  Trade  with  the  United  States  of  ...                 ...  ...     320 

Analyses  of  Mineral  Waters    ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...     616 

Angora  goats          ...                  ...                 ...  ...                  ...  ...     879 

Animals.     (See  Live-stock.) 

Antipodes  Islands...                 ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...        6 

Appendix — 

Dates  of  certain  Principal  Brents  in  the  History  of  New  Zealand  ...     744 

Area  of  New  Zealand                ...                 ...  ...                  ...  ...        6 

Of  Cook  Islands                 ...                  ...  ...                  ...  ...        7 

Of  North,  Middle,  Stewart,  Chatham,  and  other  Islands         ...  ...        6 

or  United  Kingdom  compared  with  New  Zealand                   ...  ...        8 

Area  of  Australasia                   ...                  ...  ...                  ...  ...         7 

Compared  with  European  Countriea ...  ...                 ...  ...        7 

Area  under  Cultivation  in  Counties           ...  ...                 ...  ...     877 

Arrests  for  Drunkenness          ...                  ...  ...                  ...  151 

Arrivals  and  Departures           ...                  ...  ...                  ...  ...     458 

Chinese           ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     469 

Departures,  how  Numbers  ascertained  ...  ...  ...     459 

Articles  on  Special  Subjects     ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     561 

Artillery,  Navtd,  Field,  and  Garrison          ...  ...  ...  ...63-65 

Assembly,  General                     ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...       32 

Assets  Realisation  Board          ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     452 

Associations,  Special-Settlement                  ...  ...  ...  ...     561 

Assurance,  Industrial  Life        ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     408 

Asylums,  Benevolent                 ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     253 

Orphan           ...                   ..                  ...  ...  ...  ...     263 

Auckland,  City  of — 

Exports          ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     290 

General  Description          ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     644 

Imports           ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  269 

Meteorology  ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     200 

Population      ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     466 

Value  of  Property  ...  ...  ...  ...         174,607.535 

Vital  Statistics                   ...                  ...  ...  ...  214,223 

Auckland  Docks    ...                  ...                   ...  ...  ...  ...        69 

Graving-dock  Charges      ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...       69 

Auckland  Islands  ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  6,  14 

Auckland    Land    District — Introductory,   Physical   Features,    Plains,   Lakes, 
Forests,  Soils;  Rainfall;  General  Products  and  Industries;  Chief  Towns; 

Crown  or  Native  Lands  available  for  Future  Settlement        ...  ...     646 

Auckland  Sailors'  Home           ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     263 

Auriferous  Ironsands              ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     ggg 

Austrnlasian  Railways               ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...      830 

Australian  States,  Area  of        ...                  ...  ...  ...  ."          7 

Birth-rates  of                    ...                 ...  ...  ,.     209 


GBNBBAIi  IMDBX.  761 

AnttnliAn  Stotei — comHmu§d,  Pig« 

Death-rates  of                  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  228 

Debt  of           ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  453 

Friendlj  Societiei  in        ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  406 

LiTe-ttock  in ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  866 

Marriaffe-ratet  of             ...  ...  ...  ...  216 

Mineral  Production  of     ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  890 

Oat-crop  of    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  883 

Population     ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  469 

Bailwaytin    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  880 

Trade             ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  821 

Wheat-crop  of                  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  881 

Arerage  Quantity  of  Milk  to  lib.  Batter...  ...  ...  ...  603 

Arerage  Yield  of  Butter  or  Oheete  ...  ...  ...  ...  604 

Bachelors  and  Spinsters  in  New  Zealand  ...  ...  ...  ...  217 

Banking,  DcTelopment  in        ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  899 

Banking  Legislation,  Special.    (See  Tear-book  1902,  p.  400.) 

"Bank  of  New  Zealand  Act,  1903"  ...  ...  ...  ...  401 

"Bankof  New  Zealand  Act,  1904"  ...  ...  ...  ...  402 

Bankruptcy            ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  144 

Petitions,  &o.,  Nine  Years  ...  ...  ...  ...  145 

Transactions  in  1904        ...  ...  ...  ..  ...  144 

Banks  of  Issue — 

Adranoes  and  Discounts  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  400 

Assets  and  Liabilities       ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  899 

Coin  and  Bullion              ...    ,  ...  ...  ...  ...  400 

Deposits         ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  899 

In  all  Classes  of  Banks,  Arerage  per  Head  ...  ...  ...  405 

Notes  in  Circulation,  &o.  ...  ...  ...  ...  899 

Banks— 

Post-Offioe  Sayings            ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  402 

Deposits,  Withdrawals,  Open  Accounts,  Amounts  to  Credit  ...  402 

Securities  held           ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  408 

Prirate  Savings                  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  404 

Deposits,  Withdrawals  ...  ...  ...  ...  404 

Barley                    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  888 

Beer,  Consumption  of,  per  Head  ...  ...  ...  ...  264 

Beer,  Excise  Duty  on               ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  109 

Beneyolent  Asylums  and  Charitable  Institutions  ...  ...  ...  253 

Birth-rates  per  1,000  of  Population  in  Australasia      ...  ...  ...  209 

Births                    ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  207 

Illegitimate    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  ..  212 

Illegitimacy  in  Australasia  ...  ...  ...  ...  212 

Legitimation  Act              ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  214 

Of  Twins        ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  212 

Proportion  to  Population,  1882-1905  ...  ...  ...  207 

To  Marriages,  Proportion  of  ...  ...  ...  ...  209 

Boroughs — 

Expenditure  of                 ...  ...  ...  ...  168 

In  Colony       ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  174,463 

Auckland,  with  Suburbs  ...  ...  ...  ...  466 

Christchurch,  with  Suburbs  ...  ...  ...  ...  467 

Dunedin,  with  Suburbs  ...  ...  ...  ...  467 

Wellington,  with  Suburbs  ...  ...  ...  ...  466 

Indebtedness  of                 ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  163 

Population  of  (Census,  1906)  ...  ...  ...  .463 

Rateable  Value  of  Property  in  ...  ...  ...  174,585 

Berenueof     ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  168 


T6S  nw  nALim  ofpioial 

Borongbt— «Mi<tfiMi«ii.  hgi 

Vftlue  of  Lrad  and  ImproTmnentf  in  ...  ...  .-  M 

Yalue  of  Rateable  Proportj  in        ...  ...  ...  ..  M 

Bouodariet  and  Ana  of  the  Golonj           ...  ...  ...  ...  S 

Boiintj  Itlandt     ...                ...                ...  ...  ••  •..  6 

BraadttuA  in  Tariout  CoantriM,  OofitamptioD  of  ...  ...  ...  MS 

Bubonic  Plague     ...                ...                ...  ...  •••  ...  W 

Building  Soeietiei ...                ...                ...  .«•  ...  •••  401 

AniounUdepotited  with  ...                ...  .••  ...  •••  UK 

Inoome,  Aieeta,  Liabilittet,  Reterre  Funds  ...  ...  ...  401 

Biiih  and  Swamp  Grown  Lands  Settlement  Act  ...  ...  •••  6it 

Butter  and  Cheese                   ...                ...  ...  ...  iCM^M 

Export  to  United  Kingdom,  Serenteen  Yean  ...  ...  ...  tOA 

Factories        ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  171 

Industrj        ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  009 

OadetOorps          ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  M 

Oampbell  Islands  ...                 ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  I 

Oanoer,  Deaths  from                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  U$ 

Decennial  Betum             ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  M7 

Part  of  Bodj  affected       ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  fl0 

Proportion  of  Deaths  per  10,000  lifing,  1886-1906  ...  ...  M8 

Oanterburj  Agricultural  GoUwe              ...  ...  ...  ...  110 

Oanterbury  Land    Dirtrict— Boundaries  and   Fbysical   Fertons*  Semmjt 
Olimate  I  Internal  Communication;  OeologioalFonnatsoni  Anm,  JStiUun, 

and  Disposition  of  Lands t  Soils t  Paetunge  and  Gropsi  Stoek,  Wool, 
Butter  and  Cheese,  Timber,  Vnutt   Goal,  Bailding-sUmes i   Fishoriesi 
Manuftictories  i  libraries  and  CflMuraliM  i  Bdacational  and  other  Imti- 

tntions;  Towns                ...               ...  ...  ...  ...  707 

Gape  Rarlej  and  Winter  Oats                  ...  ...        ^       ...  806 

Capital  Ci^,  Population  of     ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  468 

Capitation  to  Efficient  Volunteers  and  Cadets  ...  ...  ...  66 

Cattle  ...                 ...                ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  608 

In  Pronnoial  Districts     ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  870 

Causes  of  Death    ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  286 

At  Four  Centres               ...                 ...  ...  ...  826 

Cancer            ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ..  246 

DcTelopmental  Diseases  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  248 

Dietetic  Diseases               ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  240 

Local  Diseases                   ..                  ..  ...  ...  ...  260 

Measles           ...                 ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  288 

Old  Age         ...                  ..                 ...  ...  ...  ...  250 

Parasitic  Diaeaset             ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  240 

Phthisis          ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  240 

Proportion  of  Deaths  from  each          ...  ...  ...  ...  284 

Typhoid  Ferer                  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  288 

Violence          ...                 ...                ...  ...  ...  ..  261 

Cereals                   ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  808,698 

Charges,  Surrey,  on  Unsarreyed  Lands    ...  ...  ...  ...  668 

Charitable  Institulions,  BencTolent  Asylums  and,  Ac.  ...  ...  268 

Chatham  Islands                       ...                 ...  ...  ...  ..  6,14 

Cheese  and  Butter                    ...                  ...  ...  ...  804,606 

Cheviot  Estate  (^ee  also  Year-book,  1896,  p.  264)  ...  ...  *'*  466 

Childbirth,  Deaths  of  Women  in              ...  ...  ...  ...  261 

Children  to  a  Marriage,  Number  of           ...  ...  ...  ...  208 

Chinese — 

Immigration  and  Emigration  of         ...  ...  ...  ...  469 

Numbir  in  Colony            ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  461 


OBNBBAL  niDBX.  768 

Obmtchuroh,  Citj  of —  Pag» 

Exports  (Lyttelton)         ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  294 

Qeneral  Detoription          ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  715 

Imports          ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  259 

Populat  ion  (City  and  Suburbs)          ...  ...  ...  ...  467 

Value  of  Property             ...                 ...  ...  ...         174,508.536 

Vital  StatisUcs                ....                ...  ...  ...  214,224 

Cities  ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  466 

Civil  Cases             ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  144 

Civil  Establishment  at  Seat  of  GoTemment  ...  ...  ...  87 

Classification  of  Lands,  &c.      ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  558 

Climate — 

Temperature  in  New  Zealand,  Australia,  and  other  British  Possessions  200-206 

Clips,  Avenge  Wool-               ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  601 

Clothing,  Imported,  Value  of ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  260 

Coal    ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  898 

Coal-miners,  Average  Output  and  Earnings  ...  ...  ...  896 

Colleges  and  University           ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  182 

Colonial  Office,  The                  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  28 

Colonisation  of  New  Zealand  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  8 

Colony,  Boundaries  and  Area  of  the          ...  ...  ...  ...  5 

Crown  Agents  for  the       ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  29 

Population  of  the              ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  454 

Communication  and  Transport                   ...  ...  ...  ...  325 

Constitution          ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  16 

Government  ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  17 

Consumption  of  Beer,  Spirits,  and  Wine  ...  ...  ...  ...  264 

Consuls,  Foreign  (see  also  Addenda)         ...  ...  ...  ...  26 

Convictions            ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  148 

For  Drunkenness               ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  151 

Summary        ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  148 

Convictions  of  Maoris              ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  158 

Cook  and  other  Pacific  Islands  annexed   ...  ...  ...  783 

Cook  Strait             ...                 ...                 ...  ...  .-,.  ...  11 

Co-operative  Public  Works      ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  858 

Corn-crops,  Acreage  and  Actual  Yield  of  ...  ...  ...  ...  875 

Corrig«*nda.     (Buck  of  Title.) 

Cost  of  Living  in  New  Zealand  and  in  Various  Countries.     (See  Vear-book, 
1908,  p.  462.) 

Management  of  Local  Governing  Bodies  ...  ...  ...  164 

Bailways         ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  828 

Working  a  Farm  in  New  Zealand       ...  ...  ...  ...  599 

Council,  Executive,  1848-56    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  28 

Council,  Executive,  April,  1906                 ...  ...  ...  ...  31 

Legislative,  Kbll  of  Members  of  the  ...  ...  ...  ...  83 

Successive  Speakers  of  the  Legislative  ...  ...  ...  25 

Counties,  Population  of  (Census,  1906)    ...  ...  ...  ...  468 

Land  under  Cultivation  in                   ...  ...  ...  ...  877 

Value  of  Land  and  Improvements  in...  ...  ...  504,510 

Value  of  Rateable  Properties  in       ...  ...  ...  ...  510 

Court,  Validation  ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  48 

Courts.  Bankruptcy                  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  144 

Civil  Cases,  Supreme  and  District      ...  ...  ...  ...  144 

Divorce  and  Separation    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  145 

Biagistrates',  Civil  Cases  .  .                 ...  ...  ...                  .  144 

Charges  for  Offences  beforo         ...  ...  ...  ...  147 

Committals                ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  148 

Punishment  on  Summary  Convictions  (five  years)  ...  ...  151 

Sentences,  Supreme  and  District  (five  years)        ...  ...  ...  150 

Supreme  and  District,  Conriotions      ..•  ...  ...  ...  \AA 


764 


KBW    EBALAND  OFFJOIAL  TBAB-BOOK. 


Cows,  Average  Annual  Yield  of  Milk 
Orime,  Law  and     ... 
OroBS-breeding  of  Sheep 
Crown  Agents  for  the  Colonies 
Crown  I^nds  occapied 

Mode  of  acquiring 
Crown  Lands  of  New  Zealand 
Crown  Tenants 

Cultivation.     (See  Agriculture.) 
Customs  Duties,  Rates  levied  ... 

Revenue  from 


Dairy  Industry 

Produce,  Export  of 
Stock 
Dates  of  Principal  Events 
Day  on  White  Island 
Deaf-mutes,  Institution  for      ... 
Death,  Average  Age  at 

Causes  of 
Death-rates  in  various  Countries  and  States,  1895-1005 
Deaths— 

From  Cancer                     ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...    M4 

From  Congenital  Defects                    ...                 ...                 ...  ...    240 

From  Nervous  Diseases    ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...     250 

From  Phthisis                   ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...     240 

From  Typhoid  Fever        ...                 ...                  ...                  ...  ...     288 

In  Four  Principal  Cities  ...                  ...                 ...                  ...  ...     223 

In  Principal  Cities  of  Australasia       ...                  ...                  ...  ...     228 

Inquests  on     ...                  ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...     168 

Number  of,  in  1904.          ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...     222 

Of  Infants       ...                  ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...     230 

Of  Infants  to  every  1,000  Births        ...                  ...                  ...  ...     230 

Of  Women  in  Childbirth                      ...                  ...                  ...  ...     261 

Violent            ...                  ...                 ...                  ...                  ...  ...     251 

Debt,  General  Government  (see* Public  Debt)              ...                  ...  ...     487 

Of  Local  Bodies                 ...*                 ...                  ...                 ...  163,168 

Deceased  Persons'  Estates — Duties  Payable  on            ...                 ...  ...     114 

Defences,  Military  and  Naval — 

Adminiatralion  ;    Artillery,  New  Zealand  Royal;    Bearer  Corps,  Volun- 
teers ;    Cadet  Corps,  Volunteers  ;    Capitation  ;    Cycle  Corps,  Volun- 
teers ;     Defence    Rifle    Clubs  ;     Engineers,   New    Zealand  Royal  ; 
Engineers,  Vulunteeri* ;    Enrolment,  SiC.;    Expenditure    and  Main- 
tenance;   Field    Artillery,   Volunteers;    Instructors;    Militia    and 
Volunteer   Districts  ;     Mounted    Rifles,   Volunteers  ;      Naval    and 
Garrison  Artillery,  Volunteers  ;  Arms,  Ac;  Rifle  Corps,  Volunteers ; 
School  of  Instruction  ;  Submarine  Mining  Engineers,  Volunteers    ...       63 
Deferred- payment  System,  Land  taken  up  on               ...                  ...  ...     485 

Departures,  Arrivals  and          ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...     458 

Deposits  in  Banks...                  ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...     399 

Depots  for  Shipwrecked  Mariners               ...                  ...                  ...  ...        66 

Digest  of  the  Land  Laws         ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...      668 

Discovery  and  Early  Settlement                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...         S 

Discovery  of  Gold  in  New  Zealand.     (See  Year-book,  1894,  p.  843.) 

Diseases,  Various,  Deaths  from                     ...                   ...                   ...  ...     233 

District  Court,  Civil  Cases       ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  "...       44 

Divorce,  Petitions  and  Decrees,  1896-1904                   ...                  ...  ...       46 

Divorce  and  Separation            ...                 ...                ...                ...  ...     145 

Grounds  for  ...                 ...                 ...                 -                 -  «..     145 


PliS 

...  601 

...  144 

...  601 

...  29 

...  486 

...  568 
484,551 

...  486 

...  94 

...  281 

...  608 

...  804 
370,508 

...  744 

..  637 

...  142 

...  228 

...  333 

...  222 


BEKVBAL  IMDBX. 


766. 


Docks,  GhraTing,  and  Pftt0nt  Slips              ...                ...  ...  ...       69 

Drainage  Boai^s,  Revenue,  Expenditure,  and  Loant  ...  ...  162-164 

Dredging,  Gk>ld-,  Description  of.     (See  Year-book,  1899,  p.  609.) 

Drunkenness          ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...     151 

Persons  oonyicted  of        ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...     151 

Dunedin,  City  of — 

Exports.         ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...     294 

General  Description         ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...     722 

Imports          ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...  269 

Meteorology  ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...     208 

Population,  City  and  all  Suburbs  (Census,  1906)  ...  467 

Value  of  Property             ...                 ...                 ...  ...  609,  536 

Vital  Statistics                   ...                  ...                 ...  ...  214-223 

Duties  and  Functions  of  Representation  Commissions  ...  ...     470 

Duties  on  Estates  of  Deceased  Persons      ...                 ...  ...  ...     114 


Sarly  Settlement,  Discovery  and 

Scdeeiastical 

Bducation 

Free  Secondary 

Scholarships  ... 

Private  Schools 

Public  (Government)  Schools 

School  of  Engineering  and  Technical  Science 

Native  Schools 

Technical 

Training  of  Teachers 

University,  New  Zealand 
flducation  Boards,  Income  and  Expenditure  of 
^mont,  Mount    ... 
££N!tion,  General,  1905 
Electoral.     (See  Representation.) 
*'  Electoral  Act,  1898,' '  ex  tends  Franchise  to  Women ... 
'*  Electoral  Act  Amendment  Act,  1896,"  abolishes  Property  (Qualification 
Electric  Telegraph 

Bmi|p«tion.     (See  Immigration  and  Emigration.) 
Engineering,  School  of 

Estates  of  Deceased  Persons,  Duties  Payable  on 
Estates  offered  for  Selection  under  Land  for  Settlements  Act,  during 

1906-6 
European  Population  of  Colony 
Excise  Duty  on  Beer 
Executive  Council ,  1 848-56    ... 
Expectation  of  Life  in  New  Zealand 
Expenditure,  Revenue  and — 

General  Government 

Local  Bodies ... 

Of  Public  Works  Fund  by  General  Government... 
Bxports 

Butter  and  Cheese  to  United  Kingdom,  for  Seventeen  Years 

Coal 

Details  of  all  Exports 

From  different  Ports 

From  North  and  Middle  Islands 

From  United  Kingdom  to  various  Countries  and  Colonies     ... 

Frozen  Meat ... 

(Quantity,  Twenty-four  Years     ... 
Value,  Eighteen  Yean 


2 

..  61 

...  116 

...  180 

...  188 

...  185 

...  116 

...  120 

.  137 

...  119 

...  148 

...  132 

...  118 

..  10 

...  472 

18,  471 

18,  471 

...  333 

...  120 

...  114 


Year 


492 

464 

109 

22 


...  418 

...  163 

...  424 

...  290 

...  804 
297,  893 

...  306 

...  293 

...  298 

..  824 

...  308 

...  802 


766  NBW    ISALAND  OFFICIAL   TBAR-BOOK. 

Bxport« — eontinmsd,  Pagi 

Gold,  Silver,  and  other  Minenlt  to  8Ut  Deoember,  1906       ...  ...  387 

Ch)Id.  1906     ...                 ...                 ...                ...  ...  a03 

Oniin              ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...  JW 

Home  Produce,  Value  of ...                 ...                 ...  ..  ...  298 

IncreaM  and  Decrease  on  Principal  Articlei        ...  ...  ...  297 

Kauri-gum     ...                 ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  80& 

or  AuHralasia,  1904        ...                 ...                 ...  ..  ...  821 

Pliormium     ...                  ...                 ...                  ...  ...  ...  3)06 

Quantities  of  Principal  Articles,  1904  and  1906  ...  ...  ...  296 

Babbit-skins  ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  800 

Be-exporta,  exclosiTe  of  Specie           ...                 ...  ...  ...  298 

Of  New  South  Wales  compared  with  New  Zealand  ...  ...  S9S 

Sheep-skins  and  Pelts       ...                 ...                 ...  ...  801 

Tallow            ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  SOS 

To  different  Countries      ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  291 

To  Germany  ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  820 

To  United  Statee               ...                 ...                 ...  ..  ..  819 

Ynlue  of  Principal  Articles  of  New  Zealand  Produce  ...  ...  294 

Wool.  Eighteen  Years     ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  299 

Bxternal  Trade  of  Australasia                    ...                 ...  ...  ...  822 

Factories  &o.     (See  Manufactories  and  Works.) 

Fitotories,  Butter  and  Cheese  ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  871 

Farming,  Dairy     ...                  ...                 ...                  ...  ...  ...  608 

Farm  in  New  Zealand,  Cost  of  Working  a                   ...  ...  ...  699 

Features  of  tlie  Middle  Island,  PhysiciJ  ...                 ...  ...  ...  U 

Of  the  North  Island         ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  8 

Feeding  for  Milk  ...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  004 

Fees  payable  under  Land  Transfer  Act     ...                  ...  ...  ...  113 

Fifty  Years'  Progress  of  New  Zealand     ...                 ...  ...  ...  538 

Finance                    ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  418 

Fire  Inquests         ...                  ...                   ..                  ...  ...  ...  158 

Fire  Inj^umnce,  State                ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  582 

Fish  Aeclimalimed.     (See  Year-book,  1894.  p.  431.) 
Fish  and  Fisheries.     (See  Year-book,  1895,  p.  373.) 

First  OlFonders*  Probation  Act                    ...  ...  ...  167 

Flocks  of  Slieep,  Number  and  Size  of         ...                  ...  ...  ...  300 

Foreit^nerff  Naturalised  durint;  last  Twenty- three  Years,  Number  of  216 

Foreign  Consuls  (see  also  Addenda)           ...  ...  ...  26 

Forestry                   ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ..  611 

Foveaux  Strait       ...                 ...                                      ..  ...  ...  18 

Franchise                ...                  ...                  ...  ...  18,471 

Municipal       ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  169 

Freezint;  Bntabli^hments  in  the  Colony.     (See  Year-book,  189  K  p.  314.) 

Free  Secondary  Education      ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  130 

Friendly  Societies                      ...                  ...                  ...  ...  405 

Frozen  Meat  exported              ...                  ...                 ...  ...  302 

Fruit  Culture         ...                   ..                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  610 

Drying             ...                   ...                   ...                   ...  ...  ...  6l0 

Industry,  The                    ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  6l0 

Fungus,  New  Zealand,  Export  of                ...                  ...  ..  ...  297 

Q-aols,  Prisoners  in                    ...                  ...                  ...  ...  154 

Oardens,  Plantations,  and  Orchards,  Total  Acreage  in  ...  384 

QenemI  Assembly,  Tlie             ...                  ...                  ...  ..  33 

Oeneral  Election,  1905             ...                  ...                  ...                   ..  ...  472 

Germany,  Trade  witli                ...                                         ..  ...  3i0 

Cfiaciertf  in  Middle  Island        ...                 ■>                 ..  ■■■  ...      11 


QSMBRAIi  INDEX.  767 

Pace 

Gold,  Coal,  and  other  Minerals                  ...  ...  ...  ...  887 

Coal-milling   ...                  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  892 

Compottiiion  of  Coal...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  895 

Consumption  of         ...                 ...  ...  ...  •  398 

Output  of                   ...                 ...  ...  ...  ..  894 

Gold  exported  Tear  1905                     ...  ...  ...  ...  303 

Total  Quantity  and  Value  entered  for  Exportation,  81st  March,  1906  890 

Gold  produced  in  Australasia             ...  ...  ...  ...  891 

Gold  Production  of  the  World            ...  ...  ...  ...  891 

Gold.dredging        ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  389 

Gold-mining — Hands,  Output,  &c.            ...  ...  ...  389 

Remarks  on  ...                   ...                  ...  ...  ...  ..  888 

GoTeming  Bodies, Local          ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  159 

GoTeminent  Advances  to  Settlers              ...                  ..  ...  429, 564 

Government  Schools                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  116 

Government,  the  Seat  of          ...                 ...  ...  ..  ...  18 

Govemnient  Valuation  of  Land  and  its  ImproTements  ...  495,  581 

Governor  of  New  Zealand        ...                 ...  ....  ...  ••  80 

Governors,  Successive               ...                 ...  ...  ...  ••  19 

Grain  exported       ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  808 

Grown  in  each  Provincial  District      ...  ...  ...  ...  875 

Grass  Lands,  Acres  of              ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  876 

In  Australasia,  1904-5     ...                 ...  ...  ...  .  885 

Grass-seed              ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  596 

Sown,  per  Acre                  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  885 

Graving-docks  and  Patent  Slips                  ...  ...  ...  ..69 

Grazing-runs,  Small                  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  562 

Green  Crops,  Acreage  under,  in  Prorincial  Districts  ...  ...  ...  876 

Htrbour  Boards  Berenue,  Expenditure,  and  Loans  ...  ...  165- 1 67 

Harbours.     (See  Year-book,  1894,  pp.  889-408.) 

Hmrbours— PiloUge,  Port  Charges,  ko.     ...  ...  ...  ...  78 

Hawke's  Bay  Land  District— General  Description  ;  Communication  ;  Pastoral 
Industries  ;   Agricultural  Pursuits ;  Dairying  ;  Timber  and  other  Indus- 
tries ;  Climate  ;  Towns  ;  Crown  Lands ;  Native  Lands  ...  ...  668 

Hay,  Acres  in        ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  876 

Holdings,  Number  of  Occupied                 ...  ...  ...  ..  861 

Home  Produce  exported.  Value  of            ...  ...  ...  ...  298 

Honours  held  bj  Colonists       ...                ...  ...  ...  ..  29 

Hops,  cultivated,  imported  and  exported  ...  ...  ...  ...  884 

Horse-breeding      ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ..  602 

Horses  in  New  Zealand,  Number  of          ...  ...  ...  872 

In  Provincial  Districts     ...                 ...  ...  .  872 

HospiUls               ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ..  251 

Hot  Springs           ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ..  616 

House  of  Representatives        ...                 ...  ...  ..  .17,84 

Speakers  of  the                  ...                 ...  ...  ...  26 

Houses,  Licensed  ...                ...                 ...  ...  ..  198 

Illegitimate  Births  in  Australasia               ...  ...  ...  212 

Immigration  and  Emigration  ...                 ...  ...  ...  458 

OfChinene     ...                 ...                 ...  ..  ...  ..  459 

Import*  and  Exports                ...                 ...  ...  ...  255,290 

Each  Australian  State,  1904                ...  ...  ...  ..  821 

Imports — 

Beer,  Spirits,  and  Wine,  Consumption  of  ...  ...  ■•.  264 

aothing,  Ac.                    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  200 


768  KBW    BBALAND  OPFXOIAL   TBAR-BOOK. 

Importt — eaniinued,  Pigt 

Coal                ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  2aO,89S 

Free  and  Dutiable  Imports,  Yalue  of  ...  ...  ...  268 

From  different  Oountnee,  1904  and  1905,  Values  of  ...  ...  267 

Germany                    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  288 

South  Africa             ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  821 

United  Kingdom       ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  257 

United  States            ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  286 

Inolueiye  and  exolusiye  of  Specie        ...  ...  ...  ...  25S 

Into  Australasia                ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  321 

Per  Head  of  Population  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  256 

Spirits             ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  264 

Sugar  and  Tea,  Imports  of                 ...  ...  ...  ...  263 

Consumption  of,  per  Head  of  Population     ...  ...  ...  263 

Tobacco,  Consumption  of                    ...  ...  ...  ...  265 

Per  Head  of  Population,  Australasia  ...  ...  ...  823 

Improved-farm  Settlements     ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  661 

Income  Tax,  Land  and             ...                 ...  ...  ...  424,673 

Exemptions    ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  676,580 

Batesof  Tax  ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  578 

Yieldof  Tax  ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  678 

Indebtedness  of  Australasia     ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  452 

Of  Local  Bodies                ...                 ...  ...  ...  168-167 

For  Twenty-one  Tears                 ...  ...  ...  ...  160 

To  Persons  outside  Colony          ...  ...  ...  ...  167 

Index  of  Mortality  for  New  Zealand         ...  ...  ...  ...  222 

Industrial  Schools                     ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  139 

Industrial  Life  Assurance        ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  408 

Indu8trie8.     (See  Manufactories  and  Works.) 

"  Infant  Life  Protection  Act,  1896 "          ...  ...  ...  ...  2U 

Infantile  Mortality                    ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  230 

Influenza,  Deaths  from              ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  238 

Inquests,  Death      ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  158 

Fire                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  158 

Insurance,  Life       ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  408 

Companies  in  New  Zealand                  ...  ...  ...  ...  408 

Insurance,  State  Fire                 ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  682 

Iron,  Machinery,  Ac,  imported,  Value  of...  ...  ...  ...  260 

Islands  outlying,  Description  of  the           ...  ...  ...  14,733 

Joint  Stock  Companies              ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  405 

Jubilee  Institution  for  the  Blind                 ...  ...  ...  ...  142 

Judges,  Supreme  Court            ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  21 

Kauri-gum  (Exported)  — 

Average  Price  of               ...  ..  ...  805 

Quantities  and  Values  exported           ..  ...  ...  ...  305 

Kermadec  Islands  ...                  ..,                  ..  ...  ...  ...  6,  H 

Labour — 

In  New  Zealand.     (See  Year-book,  1894,  p.  362.) 

Prices  of  Provisions,  Live-stock,  Ac.,  1906     ...  ...  ...  413 

Wages,  Average  Rates  of              ...  ...  ...  ...  415 

Labour  Department,  Men  assisted  by         ...  ...  ...  ...  869 

Labour  Legislation — 

Acts  of  Parliament  coropoaing             ...  ...  ...  ...  853 

Remarks  on     ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  854 

Lakes  ...                  ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  9-13,635 

Lambing  Averages...                ...                ...  .«.  ...  ...  369 


GBNVI^AL  INDBZ.  769 

LftBd—  Page 

Acreage  of ,  andor  Crop    ...                 ...  ...                ...  875 

And  Income  Tax               ...                 ...  ...                 ...  484,678 

Crown,  open  for  Selection.     (See  Land  Dietricto.) 

Fit  for  Agriculture  and  Pattore         ...  ...                 ...  ..  9 

Government  Valuation  of                    ...  ...                 ...  ..  496 

GhiMt-sown     ...                 ...                 ...  ...                 ...  ..  886 

Held  as  Pastoral  Runs      ...                 ...  ...                 ...  ..  486 

Held  as  Small  Grazing-runs                 ...  ...                 ...  ...  486 

Held  under  Pastoral  and  Miscellaneous  Leases    ...                 ...  ...  486 

Holdings  ill  Prorincial  Districts          ...  ...                 ...  ...  888 

Holdings  taken  up»  Sizes  of                 ...  ...  861 

ImproTed-farm  Settlements                 ...  ...                 ...  485.661 

Occupation  of                    ...                ...  ...                ...  360. 560 

On  Perpetual  Lease,  Lease  in  Perpetuity,  and  Occupation  with  Right 

ofPurrhase                ...                ...  ...                  ..  ...  486 

Bating  on  Unimproved  Yalue             ...  ...                ...  ...  1 70 

Rerenue  from                    ...                ...  ...                ...  ...  489 

Sold  on  Deferred  Pkt^ents                ...  ...                ...  ...  4S6 

Taken  up  under  various  Tenures,  Ten  Years  ...                 ...  ...  486 

Tkken  up  in  each  Land  District         ...  ...                ...  ...  488 

Tax                 ...                ...                ...  ...                ...  434.679 

Graduated                 ...                ...  ...                 ...  434,679 

Village  Settlements,  Land  held           ...  ...                 ...  ...  466 

Village  Settlements,  sold  on  Deferred  Payments,  kc.              ...  ...  486 

Land  and  Improvements,  Government  Valuation  of   ...  ...  ...  495 

Land  Districts  in  the  Colony,  Description  of — Auckland,  646;  Canterbury, 
7('7;  Hawke's  Bar,  668  ;  Marlborough,  685  ;  Nelson,  691 ;  Otaco,  717  ; 
Soutliland,  727  ;  Taranaki,  660 ;  Wellington,  678  ;   Weatland,  696. 
Land  for  Settlements  Acts — 

Estates  offered  for  Selection  during  Year  ended  81st  March,  1906  ...  492 

Transactions  under           ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  490 

Land  Laws,  Digest  of              ...                 ...  ...  ...  568 

Administration                  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  568 

Classification  of  Lands,  &c.                  ...  ...  ...  ...  558 

Grasing.runs,  Small         ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  662 

Improved-farm  Settlements                 ...  ...  ...  ..  661 

Land  Districts  and  Principal  Land  Offices  ...  ...  ...  668 

Mode  of  Acquiring  Crown  Lands       ...  ...  ...  ...  568 

Optional  System  of  Selection               ...  ...  ...  ...  559 

Freehold  Tenure       ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  559 

Leases  in  Perpetuity...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  560 

Occupation  with  Riglit  of  Purchase  ...  ...  ...  559 

Pastoral  Runs                    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  562 

Residence  and  Improvements              ...  ...  ...  ...  660 

Special-settlement  Associations            ...  ...  ...  561 

Survey  Charges  on  Unsurveyed  Lands  ..  ...  ...  563 

VilUge  SettlemenU                              ..  ...  ...  ..  561 

Land  Settlements  Acts,  1896-1905,  Aid  to  Public  Works  and       ...  ...  481 

Land  System  of  New  Zealand  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  651 

Land-Ux                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  434,579 

Land  Transfer  Act,  Fees  payable  under  ...  ...  ...  ...  113 

Lands — 

Native, Purchase  of,  by  Government  ...  ...  ...  ...  555 

Survey  Charges  on  Unsurveyed           ...  ...  ...  ...  563 

Land  under  Cultivation  in  Counties           ...  ...  ...  377 

Land,  Valuation  of — 

In  Boroughs  ...                  ...                  ...  •..  ...  ..  507 

In  Colony       ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ..  502 

26-Ybk      • 


770  HBW    ■■AL^tm  OfPtOIAL  TIAB-BOOK. 

Lftiid,  Taliution  of—tfMliMMi. 

In  Oountiei    ... 

In  Load  DiftrioU 
Law  Mid  Orime     ... 
Lnwt,  Difference  of,  between  BngUmd  nad  Ibw  gulind. 

1896,  p.  28).) 
LegitlaUon,  Speekl  Bnnking.    (See  Year-book,  1909^  p.  400.) 
LegulaiiTe  Couneil 

Boll  of  M emben  of  the  (eee  alio  Oorrigenda) 
*«LegiUmation  Act,I8M"      ... 
Lettert  potted 

lAoen«es  and  Lioenied  Hooeee 
'  LieeiiM« — 

Number  and  Feee  paid     ... 

Proportion  to  PopuUlion 
Lioenting  Lave — 

Alcoholic  Liquon  Sale  Gontrol  Aoi    ... 

Annual  Feee  ... 

BeTcnue  from  Lieeneee    ... 
Life  Insurance.  Year  1904 

light  KouMt,  Namee  and  Namber  of,  CMour,  Order,  k/c. 
Lincoln  Agricultural  College  ... 
Lbt,  Official 
Live-etock — 

Average  Prices  of 

Export  of 

In  Australasia 

In  each  Oountj 
Loans — 

Expenditure,  1906-6 

For  Adranoes  to  flettlers  ... 

General  Qoreriiment  (see  Public  Debt) 

Of  Local  Bodies,  Outotanding,  at  Tarious  Rates  of  Interest 

Of  Local  Bodies,  Net  Indebt^ness    ... 

Local  Bodies'  Loans  Acts 
Local  Hodi«*s — 

Cost  of  Management 

Expenditure  of 

Indebtedness :  Twentj'One  Years 

Number  of 

Outstanding  Loans  at  various  Rates  of  Interest  ... 

Rates  collected  in  Twenty -one  Years... 

Revenue  and  Expenditure  of  Boroughs,  Counties,  Drainage  Board,  Har- 
bour Boards,  River  Bosrds,  Road  Boards,  Town  Boards...  168-165 

Taxation  by    ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     161 

Local -option  Poll,  1906  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     194 

Lucerne  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     699 


Magistrates'  Courts,  Apprehensions,  Convictions,  ^.  ...  ...  147 

Mail-services  between  England  and  New  2iealand,  Cost  of  ...  ...  S3S 

liaize,  Area  under                    ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  888 

Manawatu- Wellington  Railway                  ...                 ...  ...  ...  889 

Mangolds  and  Carrots              ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  884 

Manual  and  Technical  Instruction             ...                 ...  ...  ...  119 

ICanufactories.and  Works        ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  886 

Comparison  of,  1896  and  1901            ...                 ...  ...  ...  887 

Comparison,  Number  of  Hands  employed,  1891, 1896,  1901  ...  ...  861 

Comparison,  Value  of  Product,  1885,  1890,  1896,  and  1900  ...  ...  860 


...•a 

... 

...    510 

■  ■• 

...    144 

(86. 

Year-book. 

...     81 

•  ■. 

...      8S 

... 

...    tl4 

... 

...    8S1 

... 

...  va 

...    191 

... 

...  m 

...    194 

... 

...    194 

... 

...    198 

... 

...  4ue 

... 

...      85 

... 

...    180 

... 

...      87 

...    411 

... 

...    8(« 

... 

...      W9i 

... 

...    864 

...    486 

... 

...     410 

... 

...    ^w 

t  ... 

...    Ifi7 

...     166 

... 

...    168 

...     164 

... 

...     168 

... 

...     160 

... 

...     159 

... 

...     167 

... 

...     160 

GBNBBAL   IHDBZ.  771' 

ManufaotoriM  wid  Works— eon/MMiMi.  Page- 

Details  of  Principal  InduttriM            ...  ...  ...  ...  842 

Increase  in  Value  of  Output,  1895-1900  ...  ...  ...  886 

InduBtriei  ID  Provincial  Dittricta       ...  ...  ...  ...  888 

Maoris,  The— 

Charged  with  OfPenoea     ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  158 

Children  attending  Schools                 ...  ...  ...  ...  187 

Conricted  of  Offences,  1891-1904      ...  ...  ...  ...  158 

Distribution  of                  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  454 

Ualf-castes     ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  461 

Marriage  Customs             ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  688 

Population  at  Last  Census                   ...  ...  ...  ...  461 

Representation                  ...                ...  ...  ...  17, 84, 481 

Marlborough  Land  Dbtrict — Physical  Features :  Rivers,  Plains,  Lakes,  Forests, 
Soils,   Grating;    Industries;   Climate  $   Towns;   Roads  and   Railways; 

Crown  Lands ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  685 

Marriage,  Births  to  every        ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  208 

Decrees  for  Dissolution  of                   ...  ...  ...  ...  146 

Decrees  for  Judicial  Separation           ...  ...  ...  ...  146 

Rates  in  New  Zealand,  Austndian  States,  and  European  Countries        216,  217 

Marriages               ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  216 

Ages  at  which  Marriage  may  be  contracted  ...  ...  ...  220 

Ages  of  Persons  Married  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  219 

Of  Aborigines                    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  217 

Percentage  of  Persons  under  21  Years  ...  ...  ...  221 

Proportion  by  each  Denomination      ...  ...  ...  ...  218 

Proportion  of  each  Sex  signing  Register  by  Mark  ...  ...  219 

Measles,  Deaths  from              ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  288 

Meat.  Frozen,  Totol  Export  of                   ...  ...  ...  ...  802 

Medicine,  School  of,  Otago      ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  724 

Members  of  House  of  Representatives,  Roll  of  ...  ...  ...  85 

Legislative  Council,  Roll  of                 ...  ...  ...  •••  88 

Meteorological  Observations    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  200 

Mile«of  Railway  open  for  Traffic               ...  ...  ...  ...  327 

Military  and  Naval  Defences  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  68 

MUk— 

Average  Yield  of  Butter  from             ...  ...  ...  ...  608 

Average  Yield  per  Cow    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  608 

Mineral  Production  of  Australasia             ...  ...  ...  ...  390 

Minerals,  Gold,  Coal,  and  other                 ...  ...  ...  887 

Mineral  Waters  of  New  Zealand                ...  ...  ...  ...  616 

Mines,  Schools  of ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  120 

Mines,  Stale  Coal...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  897 

Ministers,  Officiating,  under  Marriage  Act  ...  ...  ...  221 

Mini«tprs,  Cabinet                    ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  81 

Ministries,  Successive               ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  24 

Money -orders  and  Postal-notes                   ...  ...  ...  ...  388 

Mortgages              ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  406 

Amounts  borrowed  at  various  Rates  of  Interest  ...  ...  ...  407 

Mountains              ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  9,  10, 634 

Mount  Cook                             ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  11 

Egmont           ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  10 

Ruapehu         ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  -..  10 

Toiigariro        ...                 ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  9 

Municipal  Corporations   Acts  1900  and  1902,  Qualifications  for  Enrolment 

under              ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  169 

Mutton.     (See  Frozen  Meat.) 

Consumption  per  Head.     (See  Year-book,  1898,  p.  289.) 


772  NBW    ESALAND  OPFIOIAL   TBAB-BOOK. 

^^ 

K«fcionAl  Scholarships              ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  198 

Kative  Lands  purchased  bj  €h>Temment  ...  ...  ...  ...  555 

Kative  Schools       ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  137 

Naturalisation        ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  SIS 

Nelson  Land  District — General  Description }  BiTers,  Lakes,  Plains,  Forests ; 
Agricultural,  Pastoral,  Mining ;  Towns;   Bail  wajs,^  Roads,  Tracks,  Ac. ; 

Crown  Lands...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  691 

Newspapers            ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  87 

Posted             ...                 ...                  ...  ...  ..  ...  831 

New  Zealand — 

Abolition  of  ProTincial  Gh>Temments  in  ...  ...  17 

Area  of,  Boundaries  and  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  ( 

Arrival  of  Missionaries  in                    ...  ...  ...  ...  9 

Captain  Cook's  Visits  to  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  2 

Colonisation  of                   ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  3 

Colonj  divided  into  Six  Provinces      ...  ...  ...  ...  17 

Companj        ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  8 

Countj  Government  in     ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  17 

Cook  Islands,  Inclusion  of                  ...  ...  ...  ...  6 

Discovery  and  Early  Settlement  of     ...  ...  ...  ...  2 

General  Assembly  of        ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  32 

Governors  of,  Successive  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  19 

Lieutenant  Hanson's  Visit  to               ...  ...  ...  ...  3 

Made  a  Separate  Colony  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  4 

Bepresentative  Government  granted  in  ...  ...  ...  16 

Settlement  at  Port  Nicholson              ...  ...  ...  8 

Canterbury                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  4 

Nelson     ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  4 

New  Plymouth           ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  4 

Otago      ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ..  .  4 

Sovereignty  of  Queen  proclaimed        ...  ...  ....  ...  3 

Survilie,  and  Marion  du  Fresne,  Visits  of  ...  ...  .  2 

Tasmaii's  Visit                   ...                  ...  ...  ...  2 

Treaty  of  Waitangi           ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  4 

Niue,  Island  of      ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  736 

Oats    ...                  ...                 ...                  ...  ...  ..  ...  882 

Oat-crop  of  Australasia,  1905                      ...  ...  ...  ...  383 

Occupation  of  Land                  ..,                  ...  ...  ...  ...  860 

Offences — 

Charges  for,  before  Magistrates' Courts  ...  ...  ...  147 

Convictions  for                   ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  148 

Maoris  charged  with         ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  153 

Convicted  before  Supreme  and  District  Courts  ...  ...  153 

Summarily  convicted                     ...  ...  ...  ...  153 

Office,  The  Colonial                    ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  28 

Official  List            ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  37 

Officiating  Ministers                 ...                  ...  ...  ...  221 

Old-age  Hi-nsions  ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  5^ 

Optional  System  of  selecting  Land             ...  ...  ...  ...  659 

Orchards                 ...                 ...                  ...  ...  ...  384,610 

Orphan  Asylums    ...                   ...                   ...  ...  ...  _  258 

Orphnnliood  of  Children           ...                  ...  ...  ...  ._  229 

Otago   Land  District — Boundaries  and   Area ;   Physical   Description ;   Bivers 
and  Lakes,  Plains,  ForesU  ;  Building-stones,  Coal,  Limestone;  Climate; 
West   Const ;    Fruit,  Crops,   Stock  ;    Freezing  Establishments,  Woollen- 
niills,     Clothing-factories,     Dairy -factories ;     Gold     Production ;      Chief 
Towns  ;  City  of  Dunedin  ;  Towns  and  surrounding  Country  ;   Bailways  ; 

8lutit>i\cH\ ;  Local  Industnea                »„  ,„  ...  ...  717 

Out/yiog  Islands  of  New  Zealand               ,»%  ..«  ...  14, 733 


QBNBBAL.   INDISX. 


Pftrcelj  Poit 

Value  of  ImpoHftbj  .,.  ... 

PaHittoieiit,  Members  of  ,»•  ,*» 

Pftrllameiiti,  Siicoetiift  ... 

Pa««eri|;er»^  Ruilwiij 
Pa4torml  Li-wc*— 

Lanid;«  held  under  ..,  .^ 

HeeeiptB  from.». 
Piitent  Slip*  and  Graving^docki 
PeniioTi*.  Old-ag©... 

Pcrpetunl- lease  stytl^m,  Liiod  bcld  UQder*tb« 
Perpetuity,  Leiueiiolds  in 
Pkonnittm  tenax — 

Export  of        .,,  ,..  .M 

PhoKphttl©  Rock     ... 
Phtbisia,  Den  tli- rale*  from 

Detithfl  from,  imS  to  1905 
Pbj^ic'Al  Feiittireft  of  iba  Nortk  Islaiid       ... 

Middle  Jiibkfid  ...  ... 

Pig* 

In  Ci>uiiti6t     ...  ...  «.. 

In  rrorinm&l  DjsbricU 
Pilotufjei  Port  CImrge*,  itc. 
Fbinfuiiona,  GMtrdens,  tt*id  Orchftrdii|  Acre«g«  in 
Popidrtf  inn  of  Ntfw  Zfaknd 

Arrivjila  nod  D^'piriurei  ,.- 

From  litid  Lo  Uait<ed  Ktngdom     .*« 
OfCliineBe 

Cenitis.  lOOfi  «.. 

Oliineae  ...  ,.,  ,t. 

Cook  arid  otber  leUnda     ,,, 

European 

ItieFeai»e  in  each  Qu«.rter,  1^05 

In  adjactsnt  Islands 

In  Pnnc'ipiil  Cilie«  nnd  Subtirbi 

In  Provinml  UiitricU  (Ceoius,  1906) 

Mnori 

Of  Australnfia 

Of  Boroughs  (Cenirti,  190fi) 

Of  Ciipiiftl  City  (Census  1^06) 

Of  Go  untie*  (Ceniu»,  ii)vB} 

Of  town  Di«rrieU  (CenftUt,  1906) 
Fort  Charge?,  Piioliigei  Slo.     .„ 
Poitoffiees  ,,,  .., 

Saviii|;«-bfinkB  „♦  „. 

Seeurilie§        ...  ...  .,, 

PoUto«9 

Coit  of  Growing 

Cuilivaiion  of... 

£l|X)rt  of         ...  ,„  ..« 

Yielti  of  .*f  ,4.  «•« 

Preferentirtl  and  Reciprooal  Trade 
Prennem  of  Suecewive  Miiiidlnei  ..> 

preserved  MeMls  exported         .,,  .„ 

Prii'e't  and  WugeB  ...  .., 

PriH'  ipal  Evcrir#,  Datei  of 
Pfi»»oiierii  in  Gaol  ...  ,..  ... 

Private  SdiooU 


Pa«« 
...  ^l 

...    2ao 

.*.  28 
...  828 

,,,  485 
,.,  4*<6 
,.  69 
534 
.,  485 
.   485 

...  305 

.,.  398 

...  240 

...  240 
8 

...  11 
873.600 

..  864 

...  37J 

...  78 

..  884 

..  454 

...  458 

...  458 

...  459 

..  460 

...  460 

...  455 

...  454 

.  456 

...  468 

4H6 

..  468 

...  460 

...  469 

...  468 

...  4*>6 

...  463 

...  4^8 

n 

...  331 

...  402 

..  403 

.,   384 

,  694 

...  594 

313 

...  3H4 

..  689 

25 

...  811 

413-417 

..  7U 

.   164 

..  185 


774  HBW    HALjUm  OTFIOUL  tmABL- 

Ptobafcian  Aet,  Fifit  Oftudwi  tgwltd  onatr  ...  ...  ...    W 

Production,  Total  ValiM  of     ...               ...  ...  ...  ...    174 

Propoi^-tez  rvp6uod             •••               .»•  •••  .«.  IM 

Pro*peeU  of  Small  FaroMn    ...               ...  ...    HO 

PaUicDebt           ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  .     «7 

Annnal  Charge                 ...                ...  ...  .     444 

Compariaon  with  P^tfl  Yean              ...  ...  ...  ...    44 

Detajlt  of  Leant               ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    IM 

Flotation  of  Loans           ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    147 

Inoreata  of     •••                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...     44S 

Not  IndebtodnoM             ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    4a 

OfAiutralaMa                   ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    4S1 

Purpo0M  of  IConej  composing  Debt ...  ...  ...  ...    418 

Bates  of  Intorcat  on         ...  ...  ...  ..    444 

Sinking  Fund  accrued,  Amount  of  ...  ...  ...    ill 

S^ritiet  in  which  infested        ...  ...  ...  ...    446 

Stock  Quotations              ...                ...  ...  ...  148 

Public  Libraries  subsidised     ...  ...  ...  ...    141 

Public  Propertj,  Value  of       ...                ...  ...  ...  ..     418 

Public  Schools       ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ^     118 

Industrial  Sohoob            ...                ...  ...  ...     189 

Secondarr  Schools,  Inoome  and  Bzpondiioio  of  ...  ...  ...     180 

Technical  Schools             ...                ...  ...  ...     119 

Public  Trust  Office  (see  alio  Tear-book,  189S,  p.  484)  ...  .411 

Number  and  Value  of  Estates  administersd  ...  ...  ...    411 

Public  Works        ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  19,858 

Sipenditure  on                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    4S0 

Purehase  of  Natiye  Lands  bj  Goremment  ...  664 

Q.ueen*8  Scholarships               ...                ...  ...  ...  ...     188 

Quotations,  New  Zealand  Stock  ...  ...  ...     448 

Railways                ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...     827 

Australian  States,  Miles  of,  in             ...  ...  ...  ...     330 

Ck>mparison  of  Traffic,  Revenue,  and  Expenditure  for  Sixteen  Vean        328, 329 

QoTernment,  Goods  and  LiTe-stock  carried  ...  ...  328 

Length  and  Cost       ...                 ...  ..  ...  327 

Particulars  of  Rerenue  from        ...  ...  ...  ...     329 

PasM»ngers                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...     328 

Profit  on  Working    ...                 ...  ...  ...  329 

Revenue  and  Expenditure           ...  ...  ...  329 

Train-miles                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  328 

Traffic  in  Local  Products  for  Sixteen  Years  ...  ...  ..328 

In  New  Zealand,  their  History  and  Progress.  (See  Year-book,  1894,  p.  377.) 

Wellington-Manawatu  Railway          ...  ...  ...  ...     329 

Rainfall  in  New  Zealand           ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...     :{00 

Ra(>e  and  Turnips,  Acres  under                 ...  ...  ...  384 

Rnteable  Properties  in  Boroughs                ...  ...  ...  ...      1 74 

In  Road  Districts             ...                 ...  ...  ...     185 

Town  Districts                  ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...     184 

Rates  collected  by  Local  Bodies,  Twenty-one  Years    ...  ...  ...     IfiO 

Rates  of  Wages,  Average  in  ProTincial  Districts  in  1905  ...  415-417 

Rating  on  Unimproved  Talue...                 ...  ...  ...  170, 581 

Method  of  taking  Poll       ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...     581 

Ratepayers  may  demand  Poll  to  be  taken  ...  ...  ...     581 

Result  of  Polls  taken  by  Local  Bodies  ...  ...  ...     170 

System  Optional                ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...     581 

Reciprocal  Trade  ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...     589 


GHNBRAIi  UIDBX.  775 

Bepajmentt  of  Adyancet  to  SelUen          ...  ...  ...  ...  568 

B«preiientation       ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  470 

DuiiM  and  Functions  of  B«pretenlation  OommiMions  ...  ...  470 

"  Electoral  Act,  1906 "     ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  18 

Electoral  Acta                   ...                ...  ...  ...  ..  471 

£Weior»n)iurtiuni  of  the  Colonj       ...  ...  ...  ...  471 

GeiieraJ  Ei*4rtiaii  of  1906...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  472 

Maori  MeiiitH'rs                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  4Sl 

Qunlillcat ion •  of  Electors,  European  ...  ...  ...  ...  is 

Maori                           ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  19 

Beprv«eiilii.tion  Cominiesions               ...  ...  ...  ...  470 

Woman's  Fraiidiii*           ,*,                  ...  ...  ...  18,471 

B«»ida rice  and  I m pro veinonU  on  drown  Lands  ...  ...  ...  5(io 

Betenue  and  Eipendtture — 

Oofernment  Hailwii.j«      ...                  ...  ...  ...  ,..  329 

IiATidtiiiand    ncoine-tai,  Keren ue  from  ...  ...  ...  419 

I^oan  KspK'iiditiiPe.  1906-6                    ...  ...  ...  ...  425 

Of  fiorofjghi,  Countii'i^  Drainage  Boards,  Harbour  Boards,  Rirer  Boards, 

Road  Boan It.  and  Town  Boards...  ...  ...  168-]f>6 

Ordinary  Revenue             ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  420 

Ordinary  Rorenue  Expenditure          ...  ...  ...  ...  422 

Territorial  Revenue  Expenditure        ...  ...  ...  ..  423 

Territorial  Revenue           ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  420 

Hirer  Baard*,  Revenue  of        ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  153 

Rivers...                 ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  9,  J3 

Road  Boards,  Revenue,  Expenditure,  &c. ...  ...  ...  ...  153 

Roll  of  Members  of  the  House  of  Representatives       ...  ...  ...  35 

Legislative  Council           ...                 ...  ...  ...  ..,  33 

Roman  Catholic  Schools           ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  135 

Rootcrops              ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  884,694 

Sailors*  Home,  Auckland          ...                 ...  ...  ...  .,,  268 

Savings- Banks,  Post-Office       ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  4Q2 

Private            ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  [.  404 

Scholamhips           ...                 ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  J3tj 

Schools,  Blind        ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  142 

Deaf  and  Dumb                 ...                  ...  ...  ...  ..,  142 

District  High...                 ...                 ,.,  ...  ...  ,,,  ii^q 

Industrial        ...                   ...                   ...  ...  ...  ...  139 

Cotftof     ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  140 

Inmates,  1908  and  1904               ...  ...  ...  [[[  141 

Engineering   ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  120 

Mines              ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  120 

Native             ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  137 

Primary  Public                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  nfj 

Private            ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  135 

Roman  Catholic                ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  1.35 

Secondary  or  Superior      ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...  J23 

Sunday            ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...  142 

Seeds,  Grass-         ...                 ...                ...  ...  ...  ...  697 

Settlement,  Diioovery  and  Early                ...  ...  ...  ...  2 

Settlemenfi.  Lund  for              ...                 ...  ...  ...  490,664 

A  c^qiii lit  ion  of  Land  under                  ...  ...  ...  ..  490 

El! fates  oSf-red  for  Selection  during  Tear  1906-1906  ...  ..'.  492 

Gofemmenl  Aid  to  Settlers                 ...  ...  ...  ...  555 

Preference  given  to  Landless  People  ...  ...  ...  555 

Pro<*ess  of  Acquisition      ...                 ...  ...  ...  .].  554 

Special  Provisions  for  Workmen's  Homes  ...  ...  555 

Transactions  of  Board  for  Year  1906-1906  ...  ...  ]".  490 


796  HIW   BBALAHD  OmOIAL  TSABrBOQK. 


80Ukn,  AdTMioM  to               ...               ...  ...  ...  Ofl^fM 

Sheep     ...            ...               ...               ...  ...  .••  t67,6ftl 

In  AuftnOiMm,  1904-1905                  ...  ...  ...  ..;    M 

In  Colonj       ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    M7 

In  Countiet    ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    |M 

In  ProTineial  Dittrieto,  April,  1904  and  1905      ...  ...  ...    M 

Huoiber  and  Site  of  Flocks                ...  ...  ...  ...    M 

Numben  in  NorUi  and  Middlo  Uaadt  ...  ...  ...    m 

Sheep- farminiK       ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    001 

Clips,  A Torage  Weight  of                   ...  ...  ...  ...    501 

GraM-teed  town  per  Aore                   ...  ...  ...  ...    W 

Lambing  Brturnt             ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    Stl 

New  Zealand  Floekbook...                ...  ...  ...  ...    601 

Shipping                ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    SK 

Coaetwiee,  Inwards          ...                •••  ...  ...  ...    M 

,         Outwards        ...                ...  ...    S25 

Inwards  and  Outwards,  XUvwi  Tears  ...  t25,it8 

Besi'tered  Yesseb            ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    927 

Shipwrecked  Mariners,  Depots  ton            ...  ...  ...  ...    -  58 

Silrer  Produced    ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    557 

Sinking  Fund — 

Amounts  paid  for  Interest  and          ...  ...  ...  ...    411 

Securities  of  ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    445 

Sitting-davsof  HouseofBepresentatiTas...  ...  ...  ...      54 

I^gislatiTe  Council           ...                .••  ...  51 

Slips,  Patent          ...                ...                ...  ...  ...  ...     'SO 

Small  Farmers,  Prospects  of  ...                ...  ...  ...  ...    510 

Small  Grasing-runs                 ...                ...  ...  455,551 

Soils,  Description  of.    (See  Land  Districts.) 

Sounds,  West  Coast                 ...                ...  ...  .'.  ...      IS 

South  Africa,  Trade  with         ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...     511 

Southern  Lakes,  The                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...     6S6 

Southland  Land  District — Physical  Features ;  Area,  Nature,  and  Disposition 
of  Lands;  Agriculture,  Dairj-farming,  Sheep-farming;  Coal  and  Gold; 

Fish,  Fruit;  Climate;  Towns;  Crown  Lands  for  Disposal  ...  ...     727 

Sown  Grasses,  Extent  of          ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...     876 

In  Counties    ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...     877 

New  Zealand,  compared  with  Australia  ...  ...  ...     885 

Speaker  of  Legislative  Council.    (See  Addenda.) 

Speakers  of  tlie  House  of  Representatires,  Sucoessire  ...  ...  ...       26 

Legii*Utive  Council,  Successire            ...  ...  ...  ...       25 

Special •seitleni en t  Associations                   ...  ...  ...  ...     661 

Spinsters  and  Baohelors  in  New  Zealand  ...  ...  ...  ...     217 

Spirits,  Consumption  per  Head                   ...  ...  ...  152,264 

Springs,  The  Thermal               ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     616 

State  Coal-mines   ...                  ...                  ...  ...  *?,  ...     897 

State  Fire  Insurance               ...                   ...  ...      .  ...  ...     582 

Stale  Inftruftion.      (See  Schools.)  ^*"" 

Statistical  Synopsis:  Fifty  Tears' Progress  of  Colony  ...  ...     538 

Stewart  Island       ...                  ...                 ...  ...  ...  6,15,636 

Stipendiary  Magistrates' Courts,  Apprehensions,  Conrictions,  Ac.  ...     147 

Civil  Cases      ...                  ...                  ...  ...  ...  ..       144 

Stock  in  New  Zealand,  Lire-  ...                 ...  ...  ..  864,600 

In  Australasia                     ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...     366 

Subsidised  Public  Libraries      ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...     143 

Successive  Ooveniors                 ...                  ...  ...  ...  ...       19 

Ministries       ...                 ...                 ...  ...  ...  ...       54 

Premiers         ...                 ...                ...  ...  ...  ...       26 


aSNKRAL     INOBX.  777 

Sugar,  Oontuxnption  of            ...                 ...  ...                 ...                 ...     268 

Supplemental.     Fiftj  Tears' Progress  of  New  Zfa land                   ...                 ...     638 

Supreme  Court,  OiTil  Cases     ...                 ...  ...                  ..                  ..     144 

Judges,  Past  and  Present  ...                 ...                  ..21 

Surrey  Charges  on  Unsurvejed  Lands       ...  ...                 ...                  ..     563 

Sutherland  Waterfall,  The       ...                  .  ...                  ..                  ..     718 

Tallow  exports     ...                 ...                 ...  ..                  ..     302 

Taranaki  Land  District — PliTsical  Features  ;  Soils  ;  Dairying,  Grazing,  &o. ; 

Mining;  Climate;  Towns;  Roads  and  Railways  ;  Crown  Lands  ...     660 

Tariff,  Customs      ...                 ...                 ...  '    ..                 ...                   94-112 

Taxation  by  General  GOTernmont              ...  ...                 ...                 ...     486 

Deductions  and  Exemptions  under  Land  and  Income  Tax     . . .         484, 678, 680 

Growth  of  Amount  paid  in  Income  Tax  ...                 ...                 ...     678 

Income-tax     ...                 ...                 ...  ...                 ...                435,678 

Land-tax  (ordinary)          ...                 ...  ..                                    434,679 

Graduated                  ...                  .  ...                                    434,679 

Proportion  derired  from  Customs,  1906-1906  ..     436 

Yield  of  Land  and  Income  Tax  .                  436,678 

Taxation  by  Local  Bodies                    ...  ...                                     ...     161 

Tea,  Consumption  of                 ...                 ...  ...                                     ...     264 

Teachers,  Training  of                ...                  ...  ...                   ..                         148 

Technical  Education                   ...                  ...  ...                  ...                    ..     119 

Telegraphs:  Messages  transmitted,  Miles  of  Line,  Receipts  ...                   ..     338 

Telephone  Exchanges               ...                 ...  ...                 ...                  ..     333 

Temperature  and  Rainfall        ...                  ...  ..                  ...                   ..     200 

At  different  Stations  of  New  Zealand  ..                                       ..200 

Highest  and  Lowest  in  Shade,  in  New  Zealand,  the   Au«tralian   States, 

and  other  British  Possessions      ...  ...                 ...                  ••     206 

Tenure  of  Occupied  Lands       ...                 ...  ...                 ...                  ..     362 

Tenures,  the  Three,  under  Land  Act          ..  ...                  ..                  ..     569 

Thermal  Springs    ...                  ...                  ...  .                   ..                         616 

Timber  export^    ...                 ...  ..                  ..                  ..     314 

Tobacco, Consumption  of         ...  .■                                            265 

ToDgariro  Mountain                 ...  ..9 

Totalisator  Permits  issued        ...                  .  650 

Town  Districts.     (See  Local  Bodies.) 

Towns,  Principal,  and  Suburbs  ..     466 
Trade- 
Australasia  as  Market  for  Great  Britain,  Importance  of  ...                 ...     324 

External,  of  Australasia  ...                 ...  ..                 ...                  .322 

Of  Australasia,  Value  of,  per  Head     ...  ..                   ..                  ...     323 

Of  Australasia  with  United  Kingdom  ...             ...     328 

(See  Exports.) 

(See  Imports.) 

(See  Shipping.) 

Of  Cook  and  ..iher  IsUnds                   ...  ...                 ...                 262,816 

Per  Head  ol  Population,  Twenty  Years  ...                  ...                  ...     818 

With  Ai:.«ntio  and  Pacific  PorU  of  United  Slates,  Ten  Years  ..     320 

With  Australia                  ...                 ...  8t9 

With  Germany                   ..  ...     820 

With  India                         ...  .821 

With  United  Kingdom     ...  ..                   ..                   ..     819 

With  United  States           ...  ..     320 

Transport  and  Communication                     ..  ..                   ..     325 

Electric  Telegraph  .883 

Mail-services  ...                 ...                 ...  ...                 ...     382 

Postal  and  Electric  Telegraph             ...  ..                  ..                 ...     381 

26— Ybk. 


77S  NEW    ZRALAin)  OFFICIAL    TSAB-BOOK. 

TrmDtport  And  CommunieAlion — romiimmed.  hp 

BaiiwaTt         ...                                                          ...  ...                  ..  U7 

Aii^tralacian                                                      ...  ..                  ..110 

Ct«t  of    ...                 ...                                     ...  ..  128 

Number  of  MHm  trmrelled           ...                  ...  ..  S28 

Rereiiur  and  KipendituiY  for  Sixleen  Veart  ...  329 

Tniiljc  fur  S:xtf*ii  y cart               ...                  ...  ..  828 

Traific  in  Local  Produi-t*  fur  Sixteen  Veart  ...  ...  828 

Sii:rping                      ...                  ...                  ...  ..                   ..  825 

Treat T  of  Waiiaijpi                    ...                  ...                 ...  ...  4 

Treif-pia'.i  iitt            ..                   ...                    ..                   ...  ...                  ...  611 

Tniut  i:i  Nrw  Zealand.  Introiiuction  of.     (Se«  Year-book,  1894,  p.  481.) 

Tru«t  Ofli.e.  Pui.l.c  v>ee  mIm  Year-book,  189«4.  p.  454)       ...  411 

Turnip*.  .Arrfa^jje  under            ...                                       ...  ...                  ...  384 


rnimpTOToii  Value.  Rating  or  ..  ...  ...  170 

United  Slate*.  Irade  with  ...  ...  ..  820 

UniTor»iiv  of  Nfw  Zealand  ...  ^  ...  ..        •  132 

Senate                                    .  ...  ...  ...  ...  184 

Siudt-n'.*  ...  ...  ...  ...  134 

Un.iertjniiu.ite*                   ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  134 

Vaori'itti  K}\  .  Kirn.piion  frvni  ...  ...  ...  ...  839 

Va.vi!\iiuns.  SuovV*»tul.  Numbrr*  and  Proportion*    ...  ...  ...  239 

V:il.i-itioj;  *m"  l.un.i.  OoTornmem  ...  ..  405 

Value  ol"  UiMue  Prv» '.uoe  exported  ...  ...  ..  298 

VojijuU.     iSiV  S.i^nuiii?, 

V:i;.*ii:i' So:i;e:neiii5...                ...  ...  ...  ...  561 

Vital  Siatiii*irt       ...                   ..  ...  ..  ...  ...  207 

Vital  St :iti>ih^.  Au»!raia«ian  CapitaU.  1904  ...  ..  227 

Volunteer*  ...  ...  ...  ...  68 


V\'aci»!i  ar.i  Prioi**  m  t'aoii  Prorinoial  Distiu't                 ..  ...  413-417 

\Vatt»r-r».v*.  *.'.tj:teri>urv             ..                                          ..  ...  ..711 

\V,.-.;ii..  rr.vHte      ...      *              .                      ....  ...  ...  411 

Welii'i;!*M^  Ci:\  ol — 

Kxpvrt*       '      ..                                          ..  ...  ...  294 

Cfi*'  on.  I>o*i*rii>tion                                  ...  ...  ..  G73 

lMi>.ri>             .*....  ..  ...  250 

M,i.vn».v»siv                                               ..  ..  ..  :iOi 

l\»pu'.ano:i  i-n.d  all  S  iburb*.                ...                  ...  ...  ..  466 

Va  I,,' or  PrvMHTf V              ...                    ..  ...  507,535 

Vii.tl  S:nii-»:;'o!.    "                                                         ...  ...  214.223 

\Vel!ii»i:'<»:s  l.avd  l^i!»triv-t — PhvMoal  Features;  Plains,  RiTers,  Ijake«,  Scenerr, 
F^Tifts.  Si»:'.  ;  Cliin-ite  :   Huriv^ur*  and  Port*;    Townn ;    Crown  Lands; 

1  iiv!ii>t t'lv^'i,  vV*.-.                                                              ...  ...  •..  673 

\V.«lliri.«o!!   .Mainx^aiu  RaiUav                                          ...  ...  ...  329 

\Vr*il.n:.i    I,an.i    Pi-tri.-t  —  l'i)y>i,*ai    Fiatures.    Mountains,    Rirets,  Forests, 

l.:iki#.  S,m1.  CIiMiaio.  Land/.  Uarhorirs,  Town*.  Mmincf  and  Mmerais,  i'v.  696 

Wheat,  .\nuninl  iioid  Jro-u  Previous  Soa*or.  ...  ..  3S2 

Ai  rvrtije  and  Aoiuai  Yield  in  Provineial  Distnota...  ...  ..  375 

Ana  iruiiT.  and   Prod u -e.  S  xteen  Years                ...  ...  ..  380 

v^onsunipiion  of.  in  New  Zoaand         ...  ...  ••.  382 

Annua:  Avoripo.  IVincip.i".  Countries  ...  ...  382 

Crops  ot  Australian  Slate*  ...  ...  382 

iWpoI  t lie  World                                     ...                    ...  ...  ...  3S1 

Kxpori  in  1;»05                                         ...                   ..  ...  ..  303 

Soed  sjwu  per  Aore                                                     ...  ...  ...  593 


OBMBBAL    IMDBX. 


779 


White  IfUnd,  a  Daj  on 

Wine,  Consumption  of,  per  Head 

Winter  Oats  and  Cape  Barley  ... 
Yield  per  Acre 

Women's  Franchise 

Wool- 
Exported 

Production  of,  Ei^liteen  Years 
Proportions  of  Greasy,  Scoured,  and  Washed  Wool  exported, 
Used  at  Local  Mills 

Woollen  Manufactures  exported 

World's  Gold  Production 
„        Wheat-crop 


Pa^e 
..     687 

152,264 
..     698 

...  598 
18,  471 

...  299 

..  299 

Eight  Tears  300 

...  299 

..  296 

...  391 

...  881 


By  Autbority:  John  Mackat,  Oovernmeiit  PrinUr,  Wellington.— 1906.
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