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J 1^ /^o^.l

HARVARD
COLLEGE
LIBRARY

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u»»**^

•<lt «M Ml tni ttr IfllllMB JoMt pvbHflMd a tniiwfaUioo lalo mom of
KtfMftw't bMMUfitl eaaoiiiK thiil the Western worid were awnre tlmt the
HiadM iMd a bjUIoimI Driunii. We gure » tall aniUjile of it, ftnd Bumy long

Seeteene, aboot a doeen Team «ito. Bat kere we hare tranMlatfona iato rttM
•ereial diaaai ; exDOtitlone of auuij more ; and notlecs of the whole Hinda
Tlieatre. The Prabodha Ohandrodara, or, Rlee of the Moon of Intellcet, tram-
laied hj the faUe Dr Tteylor. of BoaMNiy, throwa More llirht on the netaphjeioe
than the dnuna of the Ilindoe ; and the aecouot friven of the MtfhiU Mifdhara In
the Aslatie Rvsearclict 17 Mr Cokhrooke, war eabordlnate to the object of hit
SMajr an Sanskrit and l*n%krit Prooodj. Nehher of the Dranat hitherto |mb-
llshed can be eonsldercd to eonreir an accnnUe aotlon of the Ilinda Theatre.
The one befongn to the aMtaphrskal, the other to the mythopiistond oIsm of
Sanskrit phiys ; bat there is a wide raoc e between, and we sre eomlocted Uiroof h
It all oaoer the learned irnldanee of Professor noraee Wilson. Ills Kisay on
«The Dramatic System of the llindas' Is a masterpiece of philoso|thical criti-
olsaL man/ of his notes are In themselTPS poems ; and his Prefhees to the Pfaijs
are rail of the rarest and most Interestlnir historical rroditlon, often throwinir
great light 00 the msnniTi and cnstoom of Ancient India Tlie whole work Is
ieNirhtfai from Its norelty ; bat its troe praise Is that H anfolds before as the
whole of the tnest part of a national litenUnre, and thereby illastrstes a hijrhly
latermtihg national character. . . That then Is a Ilinda Drsroa, and a noble
•nt. was hardly known till Professor Wilson pnbllshfd his select specioMns ;
abd how few people In Xngknd even now know anything mors alMiut it than

• ' ^' I Rmnanoe of VIknuna

i have been

height MThaps \

■is o r t sd hnnchai of gandy and flaring flowers, flt only Ibr the few hovrt of a
holiday-show, CmM and scentless trs nlghcfkll, as so many weeds. They
wand er e d to soo how genlns. in snito of the maay debasing snperstltlons
whkh they thoi«ht had killed all genins. had there the hanpy and heaven-
tamrht art to beantify natnre ; and that the Iliadns have a Shskespeore In their
Kalldsaa— anch a Shakespeare as was possible to hamanlty so existing, for as the
p ssp is ars so bmmI be their poet.^ls InsplnUion coming trvm commnnion
hetween his heart and theirs, and thongh we call it hearenly.— and though In ano
aanaa it ha area ao^^fol of verity ham af earth '*~OaaifVOpaiB If obtb.

HAHA-TIBA-CHABITA.

THB ADVBKTURBS OF THB GREAT HERO RAMA.

Alf INDiAlf DRAMA JJf BMTMN AOfB.

TnmhUii Into BnglJah Vnm from Uib SBBtkrii of BhaTiblidU!,

By JOHK PICKFORD, M.A.
if BnasMaa OoUsfa^ BBd Bodes Seholar hi fha VbIvmiIIj of
Omktd, Pr s lb Mef of BiBiicrit, Madiaa.

Orowa Bio, slolht pp. i?L tad 171; prios tk»

t ^ i

NAGANANDA

THE JOT OF THE SNAKE-WORLD.
% mm^ Branw in fOf Ottg.

TKAtKLATMD tIfTO StHSUSH PROSM, mTH tXPlAlfAWlty
MOTMS, nOM THS SAtrSKKtT O, i Ht-HARSHA-OMVA.

PALMEB BOYD, RA.

or fMBlTT mtJJMi^ OAi ff ^iggj^

tBilkBir|idntatiini
PROPESSOB COWELL

LONDON :

TRtJBNEB A 00., 60 PATERKOBTEB BOW.

1871

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,**VM«» COlitttt «■•*•*

TNI «««««L!LlL
l»tl

(faM-LADmw

AMDCBC^''^

AIWM*"**

HARVARD UNWERSJTT.
UBRARX

FEB I 4 1980

PREFACE.

Tub NAgAnanda, the siater-play to the Batnivali, was
edited in Calcutta in 1864, bjr an old stadent of the
Sanskrit College, MAdhava Chandra Ghosha. MS.
copies of it are rather scarce, and Professor Wilson does
not mention it in his notices of untranslated plays at the
end of the ^ Hindu Drama." By Dr Hall's assistance,
however, I procured two copies from the North-west, and
these, with one or two MSS. from Bengal, enabled the
editor to print an accurate text Mr Boyd, a Cambridge
pupil of mine, has now prepared an English translation ;
and I have been asked, by way of preface, to give some
account of the date and authorship of the book.

The play is several times quoted, like the BatnAvali, in '
the Sdhitya-darpana (ppi 89, 184, 189, and 249^ and in
the DaJa-rdpa (pp. 64, 65, 74, 178).* Dhanaiyaya, the

* I do not distingakhbetirMO Uio tntof Uio IWa-r^pAsnd Uis
CommenUry, u I feel turt thai if DbaaMjajii, tho aon of Viihiia,
the Mthor of tho od^ wm not tho same perion u Dliaiilks,t]io son
of VidiiMi, ths Author ol tht othir, tlioy wm St say nts brothan,
and ao tha ehTonologioal valna of tha two ramaina oaaltaiad.
Thara b do hint gifon of any diffafanea of anthonh^ and tha two
works raad tfatywhara aa if thay wart Ifoia tha sama pan, Ilka tha

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PREFACE.

lintbor of the Da^*rdpa, flourished at the court of King
Muiga ; Mid as no other sorereign of that name occurs
in any known list of kings, this is no doubt the undo
and predecessor of Bhoja of DhirA. We know, from a
date giren in a Jaina poem (Colebrooko, Essays, II. 53),
that Mnnja was reigning A.D. 903. Dhanaujajra's date
is also eonfirmed by the fact that Hemachandra, who
Hred A.D. 1174, quotes the Dasa-rdpa, in his Commen-
tary on his own AbhidhAna-chintdmani, which proves
that the author was then of sufficient antiquity to be
taken as an authority in a grammarian's work. The
Batnirali is also quoted in the Saraswati^canthdbharanaj
which is ascribed to King Bhoja, who reigned in the
beginning of the eleventh century. The SatndvaU,
therefore, and the NAgAnanda, and the King Sri Harsha
Deva, who is mentioned as their author, must be placed
in an earlier period than that of Bhoja or his undo
Mnnja. This at once shows that Wilson's conjecture is
nnt^able, that the S>ri Harsha of the Ratnivalf could
have been the Harsha Deva ot Cashmir, who reigned
from A.D. 1113 to 1126.

Dr Hall has given some good reasons for his adjudica-
tion of the Batnivali to tiie poet BAaa. He was for-
tunate enough to obtain three MSS. of BAna's poem, the
Harshareharitra (alluded to in the SAhitya-darpana, p.
210), and in it he found the well-known verse beginning
dmipa'd (mjfomdd api^ with which tiie first act <rf the
BatnAv.ili opens. It is hardly likdy that any one but

Uit sod oommtntftry of the Mbi^jps-dsfpsns. I OMty, howerer,
add, ihst DhMilka Is quotod liy BSM In tlM eUU^a-dsrpMM, p.

PBBPAOI.

the auth(Nr himself would have been guilty of the
phigiarism. It is true that the author of the KAvya-
pr^[A^ in his enumeration of the advantages of poetiy,
after mentioning KAlidAsa as an instance of its procuring
fame, brings forward, as an instance of its procuring
wealth, DhAvaka in his rektion with King ffrl Harsha;
and most of his commentators add that this poet com-
posed the BatnAvali under that king's name. . Dr Hall,
however, has shown that one commentator reads BAita
instead of DhAvaka; and I need hardly add that these
oral traditions, like those current about KAlidAsa,
Vararuchi, and Chaura, are of but little historical value!
The author of the SAliitya SAra improves upon his pre-
decessors by rekting that DhAvaka was excesavely
poor, in spite of the learning which he had obtained by
the virtue of a certain Mantra ; at hist, however, he com-
posed the Naithadhifja, in one hundred cantos, and on
showing it to King Sri Harsha, received a lai^e jAgir
as his reward.* But the Naishadhiya, as will be seen
in the sequel, belongs to a different Sri Harsha. The
story no doubt has a certain foundation of truth, but iu
exact details, as in all popuhir legends, waver and dis-
solve into mist directly we touch them.

The BatnAvali and the NAgAnanda would at first
sight seem to belong to the same author; half the pro-
logue is the same in each, as also the stanxa where the
manager says tfiatffri Harsha is a dever poet, and the
tubject of the play attomctive; but there is little simi-
larity in tho plays themsdves. Of course their subjects

« The Mthor adds sshii suthori^u^ mkUMr uadkkMdmu.
-thosltisftlstsdlytfisikkis.- ^^" ""••'^ •^^^I'^rirt^

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Tiii

PRBFAOI.

are rery different, and wo might expect to find oven
the same anther assuming different styles when treating
an heroic legend like the NAgAnanda, and a genteel
comedjr of domestic manners like the BatnAvalL But
the difference in the religion of the two plays is a strong
aigument against identitj of authorship; and I can
hardly believe that the same poet could have written
the invocations to Bnddha and to Slv% though I hope
to be able to show that the same king may have put
them forth under his name. If I might be allowed to
venture a conjecture amidst such uncertainty, I should
chum (with Dr Hall) the RatnAvali for BAna, the well-
known author of the Kidambari ; but I should be in-
clined to attribute the Buddhist play to the Dhdvaka
mentioned in the K£vya-pralU^ It is true that not a
solitary fragment of poetry is attributed to an author of
that name. ** About a dozen unprinted collections, in
which some five hundred names of authors are adduced,
have been diligently explored in quest of DhAvaka, but
without success.''* But Brahmanical memoiy might
easily drop a Buddhist poet, or retain only a conftised
idea of his works. In this way the brief legend pre-
served in the KAvya-prakAto may be right as to the poet's
name, but the commentators may be wrong in their men-
tion of the Ratnivali instead of the Niiginanda.

Dr Hall has thrown considerable light on the time
when Bifta and the king who patronised him flourished,
by his discovery of the ^arsha<haritra. In this poem
Bifta celebrates tiie iamily and reign <rf his patoon •

• Dr Hairs Plrdses to YimwdtM, p. 17. CI BJLS. Jouni. 1861

FUrAOK ix

Harsha or Harsha-vardhana, and the history agrees ao
remarkably with that given in Hiouen Thsang of
. Hawha-vardhana, or fffladitya,* the King of Kamny',
in the first half of the seventh century, that we can
hardly feel any doubt as to their being the same per-
son.

Now Hiouen Thsang's account of the court of Kanouj
may throw some li^t on these dramas. Whether they
were really written by the same poet or not^ they pro-
fess to be the composition of the same king; and the
similarity of much of the prologue, and the identity of
one of the verses, give an external appearance of identity
of authorship in spite of the difference in the style; and
this may have been part of the deception practised on
the audience. Bina may have afterwaixls inserted a
verse from the EatnAvalf in his unfinished Harsha-
charitra, as a tacit assertion of his daim to the author^
ship of that work, just as Sostratus is said to have en-
graved his own name beneath the royal inscription on the
Hiaros. Still the difllculty remains as to the Hindu and
BuddhUt character of the plays; and I think this is
much better expUdned by the charact^ of the king than
by assuming such an almost unparalleled versatility of
£uth in a poet

Hiouen Thsang is loud In his praises of Haisharvarw
dhana's devotion to Buddhism; but surely his own
narrative u sufficient to warn us against Uking these
eul<)gies too literally. The king may have built the
hundreds of stdpas along the Ganges^ he may have

• July's "Toyafw d#s PllirfM Bouddhlst< TeL fl. f4r C. •

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Z PRETAOB.

erected the almshouses for the poor, and the resting-
places for pilgrims ; and there can be no doubt that he
faroiired the Buddhist faith, and presided at thmr as-
semblies, and honoured their holy men. But in the
descriptions of the two great conrocations, at which
Hionen Xhsang was present, we can see that the king
was by no means the thorough Buddhist which we
might have expected. In the first, twenty toibutary
princes take a part, and each brings with him the most
distinguished Buddhist and Brahman doctors in his
realm, and both parties are welcomed with the same
hospitality; and tiiough we only read of the homage
paid to a golden statue of Buddha, we can hardly
beliere that, with all these Brahman guests inrited,
there was no other ceremony. But in the second con-
Vocation, which is described in Hieuen Thsang's life by
his disciples, wo Imvo a fuller account This was hold
at PrayAga, at tlie confluence of the Jumna and Ganges;
eighteen kings were present, and five hundred thousand
monks and la}7nen. The first day they installed the
statue of Buddha, the second day the statue of the Sun, '
and the third day that of Mahe^wara, so that the king's
official patronage was shared by the Brahmans even
more than by the Buddhists. Similarly at the distribu-
tions of alms, we read that on the fourth day the king
distributed his bounty to twenty thousand Buddhist
ascetics ; but we read immediately afterwards, that simi-
lar distributiims were made to the Brahmans and other
herekies^ and these lasted respectively twenty and ten
days; and last of all, the nirgranthas, or naked mendi-
cants (who were especially disliked by the Buddhists^ c£

PRXPACI.

Bumouf, IiUrod.f p. 312), came in for theu: share, for ten
days. Now this narrative seems to reveal a state of things
which would completely account for these .two plays.
Hiouen Thsang expressly says of the kingdom of Kanom*,
that half die inhabitants h^d ** the true doctrine," and
half were attached to "error;" and no doubt a similar
division existed to a greater or less extent in each of
the subject kingdoms. We have oiily to suppose some
such eonvocation at Kanouj as these which he has
described; and what more natural than that the
tributary princes, whom the manager mentions in the
prologue, should, on the day of the Buddhist ceremonies,
witness the NAginanda, with its invocatory stanzas to
Jina, and, on the day of installing the image of Mahe^
wara, should witness the RatnAvali, with its opening
NAndfo to S'ivat The Miilatl-mAdhava of Bhavabhtiti
(who flourished at Kanouj a1)out a.d, 720) presents the
same toleration of tho tM'o rival religious ; the phvy is
Hindu, and the NAndi is addressed to S'iva, but a female
Buddhist ascetic, with one of her disciples, is a leading
character ; she is the nurse of the heroine, and the con-
fidante of her father the minister, in his desire to marry
his daughter to the son of an old friend, and Mfidhava,
the young hero, studies logic in Buddhist schools.*

* We know that the Bnddbiete paid great tttentioD to the study
of logic, from the frequent refereuoee in Hiouen Thsang to ketn*'
vidpd, ** the eeience of reaeona.** In a paaeage which I have quoted
from the Npdifa^drUiho'tdtpaiya'Uhd, in the preface to my trane*
ktioB of the KueominjaU, Ytfohaapati-mie'ra lUtes that the
NT^tya^iitra was originally deUvered by Akshaptfda, or Qotama,
and eompleted by Pduhila-ewimin, and that Uddyotakara com**
piled his Vtfrttika, or '* AnnotaUom^'' in Ofder to dear away the

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PRBFACB.

There can be no doubt, I thinks that the King Sri
Harsha Deva of onr two plays is a different person from
the Sri Harsha who wrote the Naishadha and the
Khaiubna-Khaitia-KhAdya, as the latter, in the closing
verses of both works, speaks of himself as the dependant
of the king of Kanoiy, and boasts of the allowance
of betel granted him at the court His age is un-
certain. BAbd Bigendra Iti Mitra (B.A.S. Joum. 1864)
has conjectured that he may have been the ?r( Harsha,
who, according to tradition, was one of the five Eanoijg
Brahmans who were invited into Bengal by Adi ff dr, in
the tenth century. His cbief arguments are that the
author of the Naishadha names among his works a
^description of the sea,'' and ''a history of the kings
of Benc^** But I find, from a notice in the first num-
ber of the ^^ Indian Antiquary,'' that Dr BUhlor of Bom-
biiy has recently fixed his date in the twelfth century.

jlie story of the ffl fj^nP"^^ i^ "^ dft^^H ft ''^"'^^^j^'
legend. It is foun<|.^,^LJULiyiM.£&(kM?^^ ^?

which are incorporated so many legends of Buddhist
origin. In chapter xxiL, we have a version which gives
the latter part of the story as it is told in the two last
acts, but the earlier acts are only alluded to ; but in
chapter xc, in the YetAla book, we have a second
version, which follows the whole play veiy closely.
Thus MalayavatTs singing at the temple is described

as in the first act; the love-scenes of the second are

•
SffrsoesQS ortfiffittlMM ef A)M{^4id|^ sad othsfs. Diii^Mips was
a sdsbntod BuidUst isMhir, sad bii logiosl works srs stfll ex-
•iMil,sMpNl.Wsb«<toHoH Zaiisohrift d. MoffioL OsssUMshsHi
XXIL7S7.

FRSFAOl.

xiU

also imitated, and we have the same sentiment as in
tiie fourth, where Jimdtavihana wonders that the King
of Snakes, with all his thousand mouths, had not even
one wherewith to . offer himself as a victim to save
his subjects. In sL 197, we have evidently an allusicm
to the name of the play, — the bones of the dead snakes
are brought to life again, and it is said,

" Te 'f i Mr?e iMnattiwihus Ud-Tudmrite-JlTita ;
Surair N^gsir munl-giuisiA idiumdak' miliUir aiha
8a loka-triUjrtfbhikhytfin babhtfra MaUjrtfdialaA."

Mr Boyd has pointed out in his notes the allusions in
tiie play to Buddhist doctrines. Professor Wilson re-
marks, in the Introduction to his translation of tiie
MnchchhakaAkA^ ''Many centuries have elapsed since
Hindu writers wore acquainted with the Buddhists in
their genuine characters ; their tenets are presinrved in
philosophical treatises with something like accuracy,
but any attempt to describe their persons and practices
invariably confounds them with the Jainas;\and this
very confusion occurs in the Mudri-r&kshasa, which he
attributes to tho twelfth century. But the present
drama is correct in its allusions, wliich may be another
argument in favour of the comparatively early date
which I have advocated.

The two last acts are in the true style of Buddhist
invention ; but I do not remember to have seen any
direct referrace to Jbndtavihana in any Buddhist
legend. Bumouf mentions (IfUrod,f p. 620) that^
though the goHrsha sandal is frequentiy alluded to in
Buddhist books, he had only found one allusion to the

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xir

. FBIFAOB.

chandana of 'hleiajiL^ Thia occurred in a legend of the
Sarania-pntbhAsai which relates how a prince gave his
body to feed a hungry tigress. But there is a distinct
reference to some such legend as that of oiir drama, in
the second Nepalese Buddhist tract translated by Wilson,
in the 16th toL of the ** Asiatic Besearches.** We read
there, ^ May the holy Tirtha be propitious to you, where
the Niga obtamed rest from TArskshya (OanKb)." This
is explained by the Nepalese as referring to a local shrine
called (Jokama, but it no doubt originally referred to the
far more celebrated Gk>kama of Malabar. The N4gas play
an important part in many Buddhist legends (as, for in*
stance, in that of Sangha-rakshita) ; and Mr Fergusson
lias shown that they are introduced in the Buddhist
sculptures at Sanchi and Amaravati, and in the latter
as objects of worship. The description of the N£gas
in the fifth act, with their human forms, but scaly skins
and three hoods, singularly agrees with some of the
drawings in his book.

The appearance of the goddess Gaurl is a curious
feature of the drama, and seems to point to that gradual
mixture of Buddhist with l^aira notions, which we find
fully developed int he Tantras of Nepal There female
SUva deities, such as DuigA, MahAkAli, ^, are continu-
ally invoked to grant protection to tiie Buddhist wor-
shipper. Wilson supposes that the Tantras were* intro-
duced into Nepal between the seventh and twelfth
eeatiirias^ but Bnmoof has pointed out some traces of
ffaiva influence even in the *' Lotus de la bonne Loi,''
and other 'Mevekped S&tras.** KRCowklu

" WohlwoUsB ttnd Brbannsii, odtr fensnsr sUftmsiBS Wttsot-
Uf bt IH ckr podU?e Km ds^ buddhistMMa IforsL**

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DRAMATIS PERSONA

MEN.

«fh« Cbftoibefliin*
CMI-riM, 1« •»«*-*•

THE NAGiNANDA.

KiKDt OB OPENING BENEDICTION/

** Of whom dott thou think, putting on a pretence of
religions abstraction, yet opening for an instant thine
eyes t See ! savionr though thou art, thou dost not pro-
tect us, sick with the shafts of Love. Falsely art tiiou
compassionate. Who is more cruel than thou t '*

May Buddha, the conqueror, who was thus jealously
addressed by the nymphs of Mdra,t protect you I

* Erery Ssoakrit pUy opeof with one or more Nindfi^ or bone*
diotiont, in which the blessing of some deity is invoked upoo the
Mtdienoe. This is the only instiaot in Saasfciitlitetstitro where the
power thus inroked is Buddha.

t One of the most oelehrsted soenee in the mythic history of
Buddha is his temptation under the Bodhi tree by lUra, the
Buddhist Eros, corresponding to the Hindu Kima. Ittra at fbtt
attempted to frighten hhn by legions of armed warriora ; fidling in
this, he tried to seduce hhn by his daughters, the Apsansss. The
ssge^ however, endures both temptations with unruffled oquanhnity,
and erentually the tempter retires uttariy baffled.— te UliU-
Ftitar»,ch. xeL

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. I

Maj the Lord of Mania piy>(eet yon 1 who, lost in
reflection, and filled irith transcendent knowledge, was
seen to be utterly nnmoved by Indra,* whose every hair
was on end through astonishment; by the Siddhas,t
thmr heads bent low in obeisance; by the nymphs, whose
eyes qnivered, as they alternately smiled, yawned,
trembled, and frowned ; by the heroes of MAra, dancing
with harshly-beaten dmms ; and by M4ra himself who
had drawn his bow to the full 1

{At the c(mclu8ion of the benediction) —
Stage Manager.

Enough of this prolixity. To-day, at the feast of
Indra, I was thus addressed by the company of kings,
who have arrived from various countries, dependants
on the lotus feet of the noble King ffri-harsha-deva,
after they had summoned me respectfully, ** That play
named NAgtoanda, connected with the sovereign of the
celestial choristers^ and adorned with a new arrangement
of the incidents by our Lord, S'ri-harsha-deva, has been
heard of by us through successive report^ but has never
been seen by us on the stage ; therefore you should per-
form it to-day with suitable dramatic appliances, both

• In th« Boddhitl mytlioloar, Indra to the king of the loweti
h e S TWi Init one ; Uirtk being located in the sixth or higheet, tnd
hiifing more or leee influenee orer all the beingi beneath him.

t Siddha, a divine pereon of undefined attribotea and eharaoter^
a aori of demigod or spirit, faihabiting, together with the YUiji*
dhara% Munk, ^., the ngion btiwasn the earth and the snn«— See
WilmtCi DieUamrff.

$ (A Yldjtfdhma.

THE irXoiKAKDA. 3

ih-no doubt th^i J;. "^Tz TJt::t^ti

the king of L sSSrfc'^t "^"•.i"*^'^ ^
Md we ottwelves »» AUf i 7 •*'^*'^« "» «>e world,

the whole ZlwZ „f?i. ^*'\'««*« J howmuch mo«

house and calledTvlY: t .,f^'^^'''«OMtomy

He« i. Vh^S^tui :^:^^::?^«^'^'-'«.)

lady, come he« . n.ome" U '^' ^^"^ "^^'^ ^

^n^cmta& (entering in kar»).
.«„ i : ^" "» ^ »nlucky one that I am let tl.
•on of my lord My what i. to be done. ' ' *

Actress.

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4 THB KioARiOrDA.

Hakaoer {in disiradum).
What t Hotf I My two parents, leaving me, are gone
to a sacred grove t What is now seemly to be done t
{After thinking.) Bat how shall I remain at home,
giving up the pleasure of attendance on my father!
For, in order to perform the service of my father, I will
qnit the possessions fallen to my lot, and go off Uiis day
to the forest, as did Jimdtavihana.*

[Exeuni.
xn or raoLooui.

ACT I.
Then enier JfitiiTAViHAKA and the YmiiSHAKA,

JiMliTAVAHANA

(in a tone of apathy iotcards the warU).

O friend^ Atreya, well do I know Uiat youth is an
abode of passion. I am certain that it is transient
Who in the world does not know that it is averse to
investigation of right and wrong t Yet, worthless as it
isy it may still be used for the attainment of the desired
end, if it is thus spent by me, devotedly obeying my
parents.

YiDiiSHAKA {wUh vexaiion).

Alasi my friend, no wonder you are despondent, en-

Thf Hindu tomaUtti slwap sodetvoiir to ooDMei tht
of Iks prologue witli that of the main tcUon. The
qpoolator thus gndual^ pMm from the nsl world in whldi the
Mtofft livs^ to the imaginaiy ont in which the personagts of the

THB VioiVlxmA. S

daring the annoyance of living for so long a time in tlie
forest, for the sake of these two, who are already hatf
dead. So now do me a favour. Having tomed aside
from the strictness of your attendance on your £ither,
let the pleasure of sovereignty, sweet throng the attain-
ment of every wiBh, be tasted by you.

JiHlhrAVlHANA.

friend, you speak not well For, in this world,
what is the splendour of one sitting on a throne com^
pared with that of one in attendance on his father!
What enjoyment is there to a king such as that of. one
shampooing his father's feet f What satisfaction in en-
joying the whole world, such as in eating a father^s
leavings t Sovereignty is in fact only a trouble to one
who has deserted his father. Is there one good thing
in itt

YvDiSHAKA (aside).

Bother his *' penchant '^ for waiting on his father I
(After considering.) Never mind. I will put it to him
in this way. (Ahud.) friend, I do not in truth speak
only of the eigoyment of sovereignty. There is another
thbg which you should da

JiMtSTAViHANA (sfniling).
friend, has not all that should have been done, been
done t See here. My subjects are placed in the right
path; the virtuous are happy; my relatives are placed on
an equality with myself, and a regency is made in the '
kingdom; to the poor man a tree of Paradise has been
given, whose fruit gives even more than he wishes for.

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6 TAB VioiVAMVA.

Sajy what more than thU should be dmef or vhal
lemains in your mind t

YnxtSHAKA.
friend, your enemy, the base Matanga, is very
daring ; and, whikt he is at hand, the kingdom, though ,
duly goT^ned by the prime minister, does not, in your
absence, appear reiy firmly settled.

Jim^TAVAHANA. ,

Fie I O fool, dost thou fear that Matanga will seize
the kingdom f

VlDlJaHAKA.

Whatelset

JiMltTAViHANA.

If even it were so, why should it not be t Is not all
I possess, even to my very body, kept for the benefit
of others! Tliat it is not given up to him of my own
accord is through compliance with my father. What,
then, is the use of this pointless consideration t Better
that the command of my father be at once undertaken.
*< O my child Jtmi&tavAhana,'' he said, ** by the spending
of many days here this place has its fiowers, kuto-grass,
and fuel used up, and its rice, plants, fruits, and roots
well-nigh cmisumed, therefore go hence to the Malaya*
mountain, and seek there for a hermitage suited for our
occupation.'' C!ome, then, let us go to the Malaya
mountain.

* Ihkja— the Wssttra Qhito — whence the nstne MslsbAr
(oiAUys-rara).

THE ItAoANAKDA.

ViDfSSHAKA.

Whatever your highness orders. Let your highness
^""•^ [Bath walk ah<mL

ViDiiSHAKA (loctdng in adva/Me).
friend! see, see! Here in good truth comes the
wind from Malaya, which removes the fatigue of the
journey, like the clasping of the neck of the long-desired
loved one on first meeting,— bearing cool showers of
drops, caught up from the cascade as it fells broken
from the crystal rocks, and strongly fragrant through its
contact with the mountain slopes, covered with groves of
dense and juicy sandal trees ; it thrills every limb of your

l>ody- ... V

Jf miJtavAhana {hdlMg mik smfrm).

Ah I we have already reached the Malaya hilL
{Looking aU round.) Oh, how pleasant it is I Inasmuch
as this Malaya hUl, with ite sandal exuding from the
wounds made by the mighty dephante as they rub their
cheeks in their passion against the trunks, and with the
fastnesses of its caves resounding when lashed by the
ocean waves, and with its rocks of peari stained by the
foot-dye of the women of the Siddhas as they pass— the
sight of it gives to my mind some longing for the joys of
earth. Come, we will ascend and seek for some suitable

site for a hermitage.

YlDdSHAKA.

Letusdoso. {Standing in advance.) Letyourhigh-
^^^^^^"^ [Tluf, ascend.

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' THE VioXifAXVJU

Mj right eye throbs, ihongh I have no object of
desire. Yet the saying of the wise cannot prove false.
What^ ih^ can this portend t

YlDliSHAXA.

It shows ondonbtedly that some lored object is at
hand.

Jiin}TAyiHAMA.

It most be as yon say.

yiJiimAXk {looking mall sides).
friend, look I look I Here in good truth is all the
appearance of an ascetic grore, resplendent with nn-
nsoaUy thick and dense trees, its crowd of young
animals reclining at ease unalarmed, and its smoke
freely issuing laden with scent from the sacrificial ghee.

J/miJtavAhana.
^You conjecture rightly. This i an ascetic grore.
The bark of the trees is stripped off for clothing, though
notmtoowidestrips,asif out of pity for them. The
pare water of the cascade has broken fragments of old
waterpotst just visible at the bottom; and here and
there appear the broken girdles of munja gnss| cast off

kJ'^1??^^'* ^^- «*•-"»«• «W1^ bis demldii, hit .tafll
"^J*^*" '^ ^*» ""^ *^ ^« '^ ••«^ t^xU.-
J;j^JW«d*Pform the ihmd worn byths BnOunta.,

THB HioANAlTDA.

by the young Brahmans; whilst a verse of the SMna
Yeda is recited by a parrot, who has learnt it from con-
stantly hearing it. Come, then, we will enter and look
about ns.

[They enkr.

JluiTAyJjUiiA {looki$ig aboutf with asloMshm^^^
Oh, the tranquil charms of an ascetic grove I Tlie
basins at the foot of the young trees are kept full by the
daughters of the hermits. Its fuel is cut fresh and
fresh by the reciting pupils, whilst the detail of the
doubtful passages of the Yeda is constantly discussed
by the Munis, who delight in the task. Even these
trees, taught respect for a guest, seem to utter a sweet
wMcome with the murmuring of bees, and make, so to
speak, an obeisance with their he^ds bowed down with
fruit; sprinkling a rain of flowers, they present me, as it
were, a propitiatory offering. Hence this ascetic grove
is well suited for a dwelling place. I think we shall
have peace while living here.

YnnisHAKA.
What is this, friend t The deer, with their necks a
little bent^ the mouthfuls of darbha grass fklling half*
chewed from their motionless months, their eyes tran-
quilly dosed in complete content, seem to listen with
one ear pricked up,

JiMiiTAVlHANA (qfkt lisUmnff).
Friend, you have se^ correctly; for these antelopes,
their bodies bent sideways, stopping the noise of chew-

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TBI vloiirAin>A.

ing the moathfuk of darbha gnu. between their teeth.
W to the distinct melodio« word, of . .ong, po«e«.
ing th««ghdue ng^ to the Uw. of h«nony, the
treWe and ban tone. in,parti*Uy dereloped from their
»V«!tiTe oigan.,* mingled with the note, of the rtrinn
•ftherewnndinglttte,a.withtbehumofbee..

ViDtfSHAKA.

- Who, then, mj friend, ungs here in the Mwred gtore t

JfiUjTAVAHANA.

Inannuch a. thew note, wund clearly, .truck by the

Tuu*1 JT"' ^ '*"^'^"" '^** »* is wng with
KAbMt for lU key-note. {Pointing forwe^ uith hi,

Ctatogn. of Cfoid M8S., 200 ft 8. '^ ^ A«fr«iht.

" Htrt •• tU .princ btok. or doM^
Wbtn tiM almond bloMoa tOoi^

Wo aluU iMTe iho woid

In that minor third
Thero is none but tho onokoo know* ;

Heaps of tho gaolder-roso,—
I mnst boar with it» I snppooo."

"Tho booi «v Ml oroiy qnartsr with tho iowid of thoir hum.

THE KAoIvAKDA.

finger.) In ihU temple some goddess plajrs the lute in
propitiation of a deity.

VlDlJSHAKA.

Come, friend, let us too see the temple of the god.

JiMllTATAHAKA.

Yon saj well The gods should be revered. (Omng
up gviddi/y stopping.) But perhaps we are not worthy to
look. Let us then enter this tamAla shrubs and wait for
an opportunity.

[Tkepdoio.

Tlun enter seated on ilie ground,* playing a lute, Malay-
AVATf, an(^ a Servant Girl.

MALATAVATi (sings).
adored Gauri, resplendent as with white pollen from
the filaments of full-blown lotuses, may my desire be
accomplished by thy favour 1

JiBntTAVlHANA (after hearing it).
friend, a capital song f and first-rate music I Dis-
tinctness is attained, even though she plays with her
bare fingers ;f good time is kept, clearly defined in due

miogs ; and tho brooao, rising from tho groros of sandalwood,
may gently approach ; the playful tame ouokoos on the mango*s top
ttay make their musical fifth note; but may my rital spirit, hard
as adamant, quickly go from me— let it be gone." Comm. on (tlS),

* This was managed by drawing aside a curtain or drop-scooo.

t Literally, "Distinotaess is attained by tho oigan of tonch,
though it bo tenfold,** moaning that the playing was dear, though
she played without tho metal instrument which they generally

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TBI ViolHAlTDA.

dnruioM of dow, medium, and qniek; the three paiuet
«• rendered in frvptat order with the "gopuchchha"
tot ; the three mode* of phying an fWly shown in the
•low and quick aoeompaniments.*

Gnu. (affeetiomOdg).
O prinoeM, yon hare been playing for a long time.
How u It that your fingeta are not tired f

MalatavatI (npnatkfMy).
Giri, how ahonld my lingen be weaiy, when playing
before the goddeast

Gmu
^ piineeaa, in my opinion there is little vm in playing
before this cruel one, who, up to this time, shows no
fcTour to you; though you have been so long a time
«<»dl>«ting her with due obserrances, which oome hard
on a young girl

ViDlJSHAKA.

It is only a giri after alL Why should we not look t

JfmtTAVAHANA.

What harm would there be in so doingt Women
nay be looked at without sin. Yet, perhaps, if she

»Mled tocliiiie.liti«, Md tha trnduioa b «b(, o««i«rt««l.

THB ViGlNAin)A.

saw us, thioiigh feari which U easily excited in one at
her time of life, and of her character, she would not
remain long here. So we will simply look through this
network of Tamila branches.

YmitSHAKA.

We will do so.

[Both of them peep iknmgk

YwisnAXA {after looking^ with asionishmeiU).
friend, see, see 1 how wonderful 1 Not only by her
knowledge of the lute does she cause delight^ but her
beauty, corresponding to her skill, charms the eya
Who can she be t Is she a goddess or a woman of
the Ni^ t A princess of the V idyidharas, or bom of
the family of Siddhas I

Jim^TAVlHANA {looking Umginglp).
Friend, who it is, I know not ; but this I do know,
if she be a goddess, the thousand eyes of Hari hare
all they can wish. If she be a woman of the Niigas,
then, whilst her face is there, the lowest hell is not
without its moon. If she be of the Vidyi^dharas, then
our race surpasses all others. If she be b<»n of a
famQy of Siddhas, then in the three worlds are the
Siddhas glorious.

YlD^HAKA

{qfler loMng ai the hero, jojfiUljfj oiide).

Good luck I Though after a long delay, he is at last
Men into the power of bve, or rather— ({00!% at

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THB KioiHAVDA*

himidff ttnd gediedaiing eaiing) — ^not so ; bat into the
power of iBe siim^e-lMUided, the Bnhvuui.*

Girl (affedumauly).
princees, do I not say, ^ Where is the nse of play-
ing before this cruel one t **

[She ihrowi down ike lute.

MalatavatI {angiufyy
Girl I offend not the revered GaurL Has not a favour
been done me by her this very day t

Girl {wUhjoy).
O princess, what can it be t

MALATAVATI.
Girl, I know it well. To-day in a dream, as I was.
playing this very lute, I was thus addressed by the
revered Gaurl, — *^ Child Malayavati, I am well pleased
with your perfect knowledge of the lute, and with your
excessive devotion towards me, which is hard for a
young girl; therefore before long a sovereign of the
Yidyidharas shall be your husband.**

GmL {wHk ieUghty
If it is so, why do you call it a dreamt Has not the
goddess given you the very desire of your heart t

* ns ImfiboD, who^ sa otual, fa % Bimlimaii, mmu to sntioipats
the iilfeuiei ol ibs oomiog iMding-feMt H« ftelg tiuH hit
■MMlsrfaiteppiiiglroaiUsMbUiiio asesUe tltfatkNi down to hfa

THB HioiKAXOA.

VmesHAKA {having heard).
Friend, surely this is a good opportunity to show
ourselves to the princess. Come, then, we will go up.

JfMtJxAViHANA.

I will not yet enter.

YlDt^SHAKA

{going vp and forcibly dragging the luro^ who resists).
Welcome to your highness I CliaturikA speaks the
truth. Here is the husband promised by the goddess.

Malayavati
{standing up baslifully, pointing to the hero).
Girl, who is this?

Girl {after looking at the hero, aside).
From this form of his, which surpasses all others, I
conjecture that he is the man given through the favour
of the goddess.

[The heroine looks at the hero wistfuUyyand with modesty.
JimhrAViHAKA.

This form of thine, oh tremulous^ed one, whose
fuU breasU are agiUted by thy breathing, is sufficiently
fatigued by devotions. Why then» oh timid one, is it
further distressed at my presejicel

MalayavatI {aside.)
Tbrouj^ excessive akrm I cannot stand &etng him.
[Looking at the hero sideways, and with a blush,
she stands somewliat turned away.

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. THE KloiXAKDA.

GiRU

PrinoetSi what doet all this meant

MALATAVATi.

I cannot remain in his neighbourhood, so come away.
We will go elsewhere.

[She wiskato rise.

VlDltoUAlCA.

Aksl she is scared. Shall I keep her jast for a
moment, as I do any learning that I may have read!

JillliTAViHANA.

Where would be the harm of it I

VlDtfSHAKA.

lad^ I why this behaviour of yours in such a grove
as this, that a guest just arrived is not favoured by you
with a single word t

GiBL (after looking at the heroine.^ to hmelj).
Her eye seems pleased. I will speak to her. (Aloud.)
O princess, the Brahman speaks fittingly. Good be-
haviour towards guests is becoming in you. Why,
then, do you stand as if distraught in your behaviour
towards so distinguished a one; or rather, remain so if
you will,— I will do what is seemly. {Addressing the
hero.) Welcome to your highness I by occupying this
seat, let your highness add beauty to the spot.

YmiiSHAKA.

Friend, she says well Let us sit down here and rest
for a moment

TBI KiaisjomA.
JiWiTATiHAKA.

Yoo are right

IBotkiUiomn.

'•'■■

MALATAVATi {addressing the servanl girl).

laughter-loving one, act not thus. Perhaps some
Ascetic is looking, and he will set me down as a giddy
one.

Then enters an Aacstux
Ascetic.

1 am thus bidden by Kaui&ika, the head of the family :
*' My child, SindHysL, the young king of the Siddhas,
Mitrdvasu, is gone to-day, at his father's request, to seek
Prince Jimtitavihana, the future monarch of the Vidyi-
dharas, who is somewhere here on the Malaya Mount, as
a husband for his sister Malayavati, and perhaps the
limit of the time for the mid-day oblation will pass by
while Malayavati awaits Us return. Go, therefore, and
fetch her with you." I am goings therefore^ to the
temple of Gauri in the sacred grove.

{JFalking aboiU^ looking down on the ground^ with surprise.)

Ah! Whose footsteps have we here on the dusty
ground, having the sign of the chakra manifest! {Look-
ing forward and seeing Jimtitavdhana,) Assuredly it will
be the footstep of this mighty man. For there is the
turban-like mass of hair visible on the scalp; there
shines a woolly tuil between the eyebrows;* Us eyes
resemble a lotus; Us chest vies with Hari; and since

* Compsre ths ligiii of Biiddhs in LsliCs^Visten, oh. tiL

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TflS XlolNAKDA.

his ftei are mftrked with the cliAkr% I ooigectare that
he who rests here is assuredly one who has attained the
dignity of an emperor of the Yidyidharas. Howerer,
away wiih doubt. It must surely be Jimi&tavihana him-
sel£ (Seeing Malajfavaii.) Ahl here is the princess
too. {Looking tU ihem boA.) Destiny would at length
be aeting in a straightforward manner did she unite this
pair^ mutually suited to one another. (Ooing up and
addressing the hero.) Welcome to your hi^ess 1

JiMl)TAVlHAN^

JinM&taTihana salutes your honour.

[JFidies to rise.

ASCETIG.

Do not rise; your highness should be respected by us,
for ''A guest is every one's master.*** Bemain, then,
at your ease.

MalayavatL
Sir, I bow to yoo.

ASCETIO {turning to her).
My ehildy mayst thou marry a suitable husband 1
princess, Kau^ika, the head of the family, sends word
to thee, *' The time of the mid-day oblation passes by,
come therefore quickly.**

MalatavaiI
As the ^ Guru * t orders. {To herself.) On the one
side the orders of the " Guru,** on the other the pleasure
* CMBpcie BJU^psASm, L 61 t The ipiritual ptrtat.

TBS vloiVAXDA.

of the sight of the dear one. Thus my heart swfaigs me
to and fro, perched on a sce-saw of going and not going.
[Rising with a sigh, and looking at the hero with medestg
and affecUon, she goes out with the Ascma

JillliTAViHANA

{with a sighf looking longinglg after the heroine).
By her whose departure is slow, by reason of the
rounded beauty of her form, an impress is stamped upon
my hearty eyen though she leareir me.

YlDlJSHAKA.

Well, you hare seen all there was to be seenl
The fire of my appetite rages, its fury doubled, so
to speak, by the heat of the rays of the mid-day sun.
Come, then, let us go forth, that I, the Brahman, having
become some one's guest, may support my life widi
bulbs, roots, and fruit, obtained from the Munis.

JiMiiTAVAHANA {looking upwards).
The adorable thousand-rayed one has reached the
zenith ; for see, the lord of elephants with pallid cheeks,
their sandalguice instantaneously dried off by the
excessive heat, as he fans his face with the breezes of
his broad ears, his chest all wet with the drops falling
from his trunk, endures a state of existence hard to be
borne even by the fainting Bignonia.

[Exeunt omnes,

BID or TOB naST act op TBI KlolffAirOA.

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XU irioiVAVOA.

ACTIL

Then enler$ a Servant Girl.
Girl.
I am bidden by the Princess MalayaraM, "Mano-
HanU, my respected brother, MitrAyjOT, tarries long
t<Hlay; go, then, and inquire whether he has come or
not" (She icalk, about.) Who can thU be coming
hither in such haste, {looking.) Why I it is ChatnribL

Then enkrt a Second Servant Gmu

P1H8T Gnu, (jfomg vp to her).

JBMh, Chaturik* I why, aroiding me, do yoa go thus

Second GtRL.
ManohariH I am bidden by the Princess Mabya.
r^i, « Chaturik*, my body cannot endure the fatigue
of gathering flowers. My passion exceedingly tormento
me, as though produced by autumnal sunshine. Go, then
prepare tkt seat of moonstone in the arbour of ^dat
creepers, shadowed with the leaves of young pkntain
t. ees. I have done as ordered, and am going to inform
the pnneess.

First Girl.
Qo, then, quickly and teU her, so that having gone
thither her fever may be alleviated.

Second Girl (Uutghingly to kenel/).
HerfcrwiamtofamrturetobethutieUewd. In

' THE VioiSAVDA.

my opinioii, her fevor Trill be angmeDted <m aeeiiig the
bower of Bandal-creepers with iti Tarioas delighto.
(Akud.) Go on, then, jron. I too will go and inform
die princess that the moonstone seat is prepared.

MMD or ISTEILUDI.

Then enim wUk a longing look MALAYAVATi and a
Servant Girl.

MalatavaK {with a sigh^ io her$df^
heart I after having made my mouth dumb through
siiyness towards him, thou art now gone to him o^ thine
own aco(»d. Alas I for thy selfkhnessi (Aloud.)
OhatnrikAl point out to me the temple of Gauri.

Girl {to hondf).
Though on the way to the bower of sandal-creepers, she
says, ** To the temple of Gaurf 1 ^ (Aloud.) The princess
is on the way to the bower of young sandal-trees.

MALAYAVATi (with con/unon).
It is well that you remind me. Come then, we will
go thither.

Girl.
Let the princess coma

liiALAYAVArl goe$ to a dtffermU pari of the stage.

Girl (looking back witih uMoemee^ to hemlf).
Alas, for her absence of mind I Why, she is actually
gone towards the temple of the goddess 1 (Ahud)

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TBM WioiVAmA.

lady I it not the tandal-creeper bower in this direction I
Come this way, thea (The heroine does so wUh a meaH'
ingless tmik.)* Hero we are at the sand'al-creeper boweri
therefore kt your bdyship enter and sit down on the
moonstone seat to recover yourself.

[Bolk $U dawn.

MALATAVATi {wUli a ngh, to herself).
Lord of the flower-tipped arrows,t agabst that man
who surpasses yon in bttiaty of form yon do nothing at
all; bat af^ainst me, though blameless, you are not
ashamed to strike^ saying to yourself ''She is a weak
woman." (Lookhgaihsrselffandgesiieiilatinffasoneinlave.
AUmd.) Okt\ how is it that even tiiis sandal-creeper
bower, from which the sun's rays are kept by the density
of the shoots, does not alleviate the pain of my fevert

Girl.
I know the cause of this fever, but the princess is
unwilliiig to avow it

Malaya VATi {io herself).
I am seen through by her. Still I will ask. {Akmd.)
Girl, what is that which I will not avow t Come, tell
me tills cause of yours.

GiRU

It is the man placed in your heart

* Tklt is OM of tiM ^mptoni ol lore in a Hindu litreins. 8m
6Ait7A-Dafp«iMs mo. IBh

t Ktei,tks HladaCiipM, betn a brnr with iU tlriiig mads ol
bM% aad its Afs snows smIi tipped with a pMoUir flowtr.

Tn vioiVAin>A.

admndnff two or three it^).
^Yhere— 'Wbere is he t

Girl (rieing, vilh a tmUe).

OUdj,wlia**«f , » ,j

[Henm4eiain9domaAamed,h9*her/<uebe»tdatcn.

OlRU
Wen I will explain. This ma who i. «tabK«hed in
yj^ition. v.. pra»i«^ to you by the godde-m

; dream, and . moment after he was aeen hy J«.

MiembUnK Cupid without his flowery arrows. This

^Su L cause of your «g«iA, - *^--
JTbower of young -mdal-trees, though eool m rt. rery

nature, does not reUere the pain of your ferer.

MALATAVATi {to hmelf).

I «n found out by OhaturikA. (AUn^) <»H w^
younLedOhaturikl* Why should I longer opnoeal
itfkomyout I wiU tell yon alL

OlBL.

O lady I it U as good as told already. Where isthe
r^T^l talktYou hare had enough agit^o".
SJn^furtherexoiteyour^^U: Assore-myjT^
CbaturikA. he too WiU not e^joy a m«n«nt of 1>^««-
SSSeL again seen'you. I hare found out this too.

• ChiilurlW, Irom dUrfars, «ls^«» •«P*^

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** THi KioilTAVDA.

HalatavatI (with tear$).
Whence ihoaW I obtain 80 gre«t bli„ t

61KL

MALATArATl

Cm a friend «.y wything but what is kindt But it

nS^'J^"".***^ »• "•"' "hen I think how
I^ «* honoor the noble he«» with . .i„gle J^Z
tt»*h« wUl eay to hinttelf, «Th.t awkward Jrl U
'""tmgmwq^ctfal behaviour." (Shetcup^) ^

Girl.
O kdy, do not give wajl (To hmdf.) Yet how
A«JdAe not weep, dnce theg^atpa^ioiif h^hJrt
*^h«rmorea«dmorel What then .haU I now
dot! wdl ph«« on her breart the juice of a «uidL

^^^ /^ff^P^Ae flam Uim her breaa. Ahud)
J^',±i^T T*«P -«"" Eren thi, «S

5% nXitd" """^ ^"^ ^^ ^^ ^-^

MALATAVATf («»«fa *«•»«» a kuut).

^J^oiftnme. Em the wind of the pU«tain leaf

TBS »leAirA>OA.

Stf

GntL.
Do not inq>aie ike fault to it It it you who make
wam this wind of the plantain leaf, which it cool
throngfa its oontaet with the gathered sandal shoots,
changing its nature with your sighs.

MALATAVATf {wUh teon).
Is there any means of checking this ferer I

Girl.
Th«ne is indeed. If he would but now come.

Then eiUen the hero with the Yidi^shaka.

JilCliTAViUAN^

O Cupid, why are these purposeless arrows flung
against me, already so deeply wounded t Since I was
looked on by her, regardless of the Muni's presence,
when, as she turned, though but for a moment^ she caused,
by the glance of her bright bUck eye, the trees of the
hermitage to appear flecked,* as though they had masses
of the skins of the dappled antelope Reaming suspended
from their bougha

VmitonAiCA.
O friend, where now is all thy firmness gonet

JiMdTAVAHANA.

Am I not firm beyond measure t What I hare I not
passed through the nights, thouj^ radiant with the moon t

* TlMHindiMiiiMgbadtlMt light oaine from Uisay^ sod li|^l^
up any obf^ci gsied upoa.

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S4 TBI iriolVAVlML

ICAULTATATi {wUk tan).
1¥1mmo ilMiaU I obteiB 80 gitifc blin t

Gnu
SftjMito. HofWQinliebelMppjwiieQeTOiVishiiii
iwitlMNifcLdabmioiiliis]

intiiieJlirAmJu

MaultayatL
Gin a firieiid mj mythiog but what is kind! Bal il
»ak« mj paaaoB diitreM bm More, when I think how
I did not honour the noble heio with a single word, to
that ho Witt M7 to himseU; ^'That awkward girl is
waotiag in reqwctfoi behavionr." {Sk$ veept.)

Gmu
O ladj, do not giTO wajl {To hmdf.) Yet how
dionld she not weep^ since the great passion of her heart
distresses her more and more t What then shall I now
dot I wiU place on her breast the jaice of a sandal-
creeper spray. {Rising tmdpludung a 9prig of sandal, and
^fmeegimg oul the juieSf she flaess ii on ksr iroasL Abmd)
O ladj, do I not saj, '* Weep not t ** Even this sandal-
jsiio^ notwithstanding its nature, does not relieve thy

>ps

saf

QtVKU

,«• U* widl of tk« P^*^*r2 I^ .bool..
2iI5« to «*»««• '^*^ =^' •'*^

MALATATATi (w** «•«•)•
GiRU

JlinhrAvJLUANA.
from their boughs.

ViSdtttAICA.
JiUdTAVlHAMA.

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TAB MkolKAMDJL

Do I not drink in the soent of the bine lotos t andendoie
the jasmine-ecented erening winds t Hear I not the
bnmming of the bees upon the lotus pond t That yon
should thus openly taunt me, saying, ^ He is wanting in
firmness in difficulties.** (Afler amsidering.) Or rather,
it was not so wrongly said, my Mend Atreya^ for am I
not really wanting in firmness, since I cannot bear eren
floweiy arrows, shot by a bodiless archer, woman-hearted
that I am 1 How then can I say to you, '* I am firm t "

YlDitoHAKA {to kimtel/).
Since he confesses his want of firmness, he reveals how
exoessiTely troubled his heart must be. How shall I
dirertitt (AtomL) friend, how is it* that, n^ecting
your parents, yon have again come hither already!

JiMliTAVAHAKA.
It is a suitable question. To whom should I tell it,
if not to yout This very day I had a dream. I saw
yon loved one— (foMtfi^ wUh a finger) — seated on a
moonstone seat in this sandal-creeper bower, in tears, as
if reproaching me in some lore quarrel I wish, there-
fore^ to spend the remainder of the day in this sandal-
creeper bower, made pleasant by the late presence of the
knred one^ as seen in my dream. Ck>me, then, we will

go-

[Theg walk dbauL

Omii {(nfler lidening in trgfidatim).
lady, there is a noise like footstqpc

fnvAolvAimA. '^

YlDlSSIUKA.

Here i. the «ndiaM«eper bower. So come rioBg.

We wiU enter. [Thegeitter.

JJmWavAhaka.
• Vv«« this smdal-creeper botrer with its moonstoiie
J'S^hU ^ not. .bmdoned « it U by the j^n-
S:ld«;j like the face of night without US moonhght

Qm. {liaving peeped).
Udy. I give you joy. I. not this the very p««m
<m whom your hewtU set!

girl, now thiA I have seen him. through my «U*«o
JuSJnIcwmotremttnberesonearhim. Suppose
K^d-eos. Come.wewmgo.^w^- (^
gringmriep, longinglff.) ^ How my feet tremblel

and remain herce ^ ^^ j^ ^

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TUB VlolVAVBA*

YiDtfSHAKA (hckmg abaui).
Here^ 1117 friend, is that Terjr moonstone seei.

[Eer$ right with iem%

OlKU

kdj, I tUnk their talk is about a dream. Let as

Ikten then attentirely.

[Tkejf bM listen.

Ywj&SEAKAiitmcking kirn wUh hit hand).
M7 friend, do I not say, '* Here is that moonstone
seatf*

JiiiiiTAVlSAKA (iighinfff wiih a tear).
It is weU gneesed. {PeinUnff ta U with hie hand.)
This is thai Terjr moonsUme seat on which I saw the
lored one; her pale free reelined npon her left shoot-
like hand, and her breast hearing with deep sobs. When
I delayed to soothe her, her fit of anger passed away;
and her slightty-qairering lip and bnrst of tears betrayed
the real state of her feelings. We will sit therefore on
this moonstone seat

[Thejf both eit dawn.

MAUiTATATi {irfter coneidering).
Who now ean she be whom he tbns tijks about t

Qmu
Just as we nnobsenred are looking at him, so I hope
you too hare not been seen by him.

MalatatatL
It is possiUe. But then again, he is talking fondly
about some one with whom he had a lore qaarrd«

THB Vioitf AKDA*
OlBU

Lady, do not have such a suspidom but let us listen

ftirther.

ViD*5HAKA (to himedf)*
Thi. sort of talk pleases him, so I will eontinue it.
(AUmd.) Friend, how then was this weeping one ad.

diessedbyyout

JiMlJTAVlHAKA.

She wasthus addressed: ^ This moonstone si^ mjj^
ienedwiththe water of tewrs, seems as If oo«ng with

dew from the rising of thy moonfcce.

HALAYAVATi (angrily).
O Chatttrikil what more than this need we hear!
Come, then, we will go.

GiBL {taking her bg the fconi).
Lady,saynotso: Itisyouak>ne whomhe^mhis
dream, ffis glance, resting on another, would find no
pleasure.

MjUAYAVATi.

Myhe«tUnot«o0Yincod. SowewUljortw-tuntil
the end of thit eonTenation.

JiUliTAViHAMA.

St «d foU me^L piece, of red an-ac (h«n the
mountain side.

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THB irlollTAirDJL

YlDl^SHAKA.

.Whaterer your highness orders. {fFalking about, he
pieki up sanuikituf, and rdums io him.) Ywjl asked for
one oolonr; bat I have broaght jon some pieces from
which you may easily get the five cblonrs.* Let your
highness draw.

[Gives him somelhing.

JlMdTAVJlHANA*

Well done, my friend. {He takes it and draws upm the
stme, with rapture.) See, my friend, even the sight of
this first outline of the beloved face gladdens me, as a
digit of the new moon, — that face which is a very feast
to the eyes, beautiful as its flill unimpaired disc.
' [He continues drawing.

YmiiSHAKA (lookintf an with curiosity).
Though she is not in sights her very form is depicted.
Welly it is marvellous.

JiMdTAVlHANA (with a smile).
friend I the beloved is in my presence, brought be-
fore me by my wishes. If, as I continually see her, I
draw her, where is the marvel I

MALATAVATf {with tears).
Cihaturiki I I know well the end of this discourse.
Come, then, we will go and look for Mitiivasu.

* TksJincolcmn.^Th9 8i P«tenb«ig Dietionaiy, under <* vsma/'
glvts a rtfereiice for Uimo fire ookmrt to Kiijijtauk'n S'lauts-siiirs,
nU. 9, 13, where thej tie described as— blue, yellow, red, brown,
sad viff ii pl sd(fK

THB If lolKAVDA.

Qms {with despair, to herself).
Her fanpatience is regardless even of her veiy life.
{Abmd.) O lady I has not Manohariki gone to himt
Perhaps, then, your brother MitrAvasu is on his way
here.

nen enters UvmXvjdsu.
MmtAvASU.
I am thus bidden by my father, "My child Mitrl-
vasu, this Jim(itav£hana, by living so near us, has been
well observed ; therefore he is a suitable son-in-kw.
Let, then, our child Malayavati be given to him." As
for myself, through my dependence on her affection, I
sufier a variable state of feeling ; for, on the one hand,
this young man is the oniametit of the race of VidyA-
dhara kings, is dever, approved by the good, unrivalled
in beauty, endowed witii valour, is wise and modest ;
but^ on the other hand, he would readily give up his
life, through pity, on behalf of any living creature.
Thus, when yielding up my peerless sister to such an one,
I feel both satisfaction and sorrow. I have heard that
Jfm6tavihana is in the sandal^sreeper bower, a4joining
the grove of Gauri This is that bower, so I will enter.

[Enters.
YlDtfSHAKA {seeing him, with excitement).
friend I cover over with this pkmtain leaf, that girl
you have just drawn in the picture. Here^ surely, is
Mitrivasu, the young prince of the Siddhas, just arrived.
Perhaps he will see it.

[The hero covers it with thsptanlmn leaf.

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13 mviaixMnM.

Piiiwei Ifitoittw bowi to ywt
WetoometoMitrfTMU. T«k«»terth«w.

OlBk

Udy I yoot brolher, MtttATWU, hM "nifwi.

MAIiiTAVATL

1 anweU pleMed to hew it

JlMtfTAVAHAMA.

OMitrfT-al UVtoviwthe king of theSiddh-.

ir«at

MmiVASV.
He U wdl By the eomm«d of my father I «n come

into your p»e«eace.

JilDtTAVAHAMA.

YHu* Mky* Mi Highneal

HalatavatL
I win jttrt hew whet tatati^tioii hM been ieiit hy my

MitrAvasu (wUh tem)*

Biddha-rAH^ She li pw«»*^ "^^ ™ ^ •'^
beaoeepiad.''

THS vIoAkakdjl S9

GiTLh {mnilmgy
O ]$dj I why are you not angry nowt

MALATAVATi {wUh a Mush and miling, itandmg wUh

face betU davm).
Do not langh, girl Havo yoa foigottan that hb
heart is aet on another t

JlMliTAVjLHAKA (oiUU).
My friend^ we are fallen into a difRoolty.

VlDl}8HAKA (Oiide).

Ah I I perceive. With the exception of ker^ yotir
mind ia not satiBfied with any other. Let him, then, be
dismissed with some civil speech or other.

MALATAVATi {ongrUfjt to htrklf).
Cntel one, who does not know what this means t

JiMltTAVJlHANA.

Who in the world woald not desire so hononrable an
alliance as that with your Highness t Bat a mind set
in one direction cannot be readily tomed in another.
So that I cannot accept her.

[Jfstv^/oMi.

OlBL.

Revive^ my kdy.

Vn>!)SHAXA {k Mikivoia).

Since he is altogether dependent on others, what is
the use of questioning himt Qo^ then, to his parents
and ask them.

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TeB irioilTAVDA.

MmiTlHU ((0 kim$elf).
It is well said. He will not disobejr hie parente.
His father dwells here in the preciset of Oanri So I
will go there, and cause Malayarati to be accepted for
him by his father.

[The heroine comee lo hersdf.

MitrAvasu.
Assuredly the jNrince knows best^ who has refused us
after we hare opened our hearts.

MalatavatI {laughing angrily).
How I Mitr&rasu still talks with him, though
humbled by rejection I

[Exit Mitrdvam.

l^lALATAVATi {to herself, looking at herself with tears).

What is the use of still supporting this body of mine,
defiled by ill-fortune, filled with excessive woe ! I will
hang myself to yonder Aioka tree with this Atimukta
creeper, and so put an end to my life. So it shall be.
(Aloud, with a meaningless smile.) Oirl, just see whether'
MitriTasu has gone or not, so that I, too, may depart.

OlRL

{hamng gone a few steps, and looking back : to hersdf).

I see that she has some intention different to her
words ; so I will not go, but, concealed here, will see
what she intends to do.

MALATAVATi

(looking all round, and taking the noose, with tears).
rereied Qanrf 1 sauce your promise has not been

THl irioAKAimA.

fulfilled in this world, you will eontrire that I be not
equally full of sorrow in another state of existence.

[So speaking, she places Ae noose on her necL

OiRL (running up with agitation).

Help, your highness, help! Here is the princess
trying to destroy herself by hanging.

JiMihrAvlHANA (rushing up with excitement).
Wheret Where is shot

OlRL.

Here, in this Aioka tree.

JiMitTAViHANA (looking jojifuUg).

This is the very object of my passion.

[He takes the heroine by the hand, and casts aeide
thenoose.

JiHiiTAViHANA.

Assuredly no such attempt should be made. lovely
one 1 remove firom the creeper this hand, which vies with
it in beauty. How could that hand, which I do not
consider strong enough even to gather flowers, grasp a
noose to hang yourself with t

MALATAVATi (with ogitaUon).

Girl, who is this t (Looking at him angrily, she widue
to east off his hand.) Loose me, let go my hand. Who
are yoo to stop met What I must yon be sued even in
deatht

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THI VioiMAXVA.

Jiin)TAVlHANA^

How should I release your guilty hand, which was
caught in the very act of placing a noose on a neck fit
only for strings of pearlsl

ViDlhSHAKA.

What eouM hare been the cause of this determination
ofherstodiet

Girl.
Was it not this friend of yours t

JfMlh'AVAHANA.

How! /the cause of her death! I do not under-
stand.

ViDliSHAKA.

.0 lady I bow do you mean t

Girl {jneaningly).
It was that loved one, whoever she is, that was painted
by your friend on the stone. My mistress took this
determination in a fit of despair, saying to herself,
''Through his devotion to that woman, I am not ac-
ceptedy even when offered to him by Mitrdvasu."

JfMitTAVAHANA UojifuUf, to tumsdf).
How, iheol This is that Malayavati, daughter of
VUvivasul Yet» except from the ocean, how could
there be the birth of a digit of the moon t* Ah I How
I have been taken in by her I

* TIm bmwb ii fMtd to hftTS been piodiiead frcmi tlis ooesa
whta it WIS sborasd by th<^ gods lor smbrotis.

TKB yiolVAKDA.
VlDtfSHAKA.

Udy I if this be so, myfriend here is bhuneless. If
you do not believe me, however, go yourself and look
on the surfMse of the stone.

[The heroine, wUhjoy and modedy, koUng ai Ae
hero, dram away her hand.

JiuitTAVlHANA (wOh a tmile).

1 will not release it, until you have seen the object of
my passion, drawn on the stone.

[AttwalkaboiO.

ViDtfSHAKA {having taken off Utc planiain leaf).

lady I look. Behold the individual his heart is
seton.

MALATAVATi (having looked ai ii, aeide, mUing).

ChaturikAl it is as if my very self were dimwn
thera

Girl {looking ai thepieiure andaithe heroine)*

lady I why do you say, "It is as (^ myself were
drawn there"! So exact is the likeness, that I do not
know whether it is a reflection of you cast on the stone^
or a drawing.

lilALATAVATi {with a mile).

(}ir], I am put to shame by him, showing me drawn
in a picture.

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THl vIoAkAHDA.

TiDltSKAKA.

Your GMndhanra marriage* is now complete, ao jrou
may releaae her hand Here eomea aome one in gteat
haala

[I%e hmv rekoHi her.

{I%m enien a SnvAMT Oirl.)
Servant Girl {j<^!^9Y
lady! good lack to you. Yon are accepted by the
paronta of Jimtitavihana.

Ymi^SHAKA {dandng about).

Hel hel The desires of my friend are folfilled, or
r^her, I ahooU aay, of her highness MakyavaU ; w
still better, not so mnch of either of these^ as {gesUeubU-
in§ mting) of me, the Brahman.

Skbvaiit Oirl (ad!(lre«fjfi^ Malatavat<).
I am bidden by the young long Mitrirasn, **This is
the marriage day of MalayaTati ; go therefore quickly,
and fetch her." Gome, then, let us go.

YmiiSHAKA.

daughter of a skre, how can my friend remain here,
when you hare taken her away t

^AffadbsrvaBMnisgsiioDtof tbss%kiloniM of marrltfe
BMBtioiMd by Maoti, Book m. It is fbrmod by tho pftrtiai thorn,
solfos throqgk MotiMl affMUoB, wHhool aay prorioiio ia^

THB KioJUrAKDA.

Servant Omu

Desist^ base one. Hasten, hasten. It is full time for
your bath.

[The heroiiUf looking affedhnaielfi and wiik modeeif
aithe hero, goe$ eui wUh her aUeiidanti.

Herald (recUing behind the scenes).

Lending to Mount Malaya a splendour like that of
Mem, by reason of the showers of scented powder, — and
all at once having the beauty of the mild sunshine of
early dawn, throuj^ the red-lead dust, — the Siddha-worid
announces, by the songs of nymphs, rendered deUgfatflil
by the sounding of their jingling anklets of red gems,
that the time for your marriage bathing has arrived,
which brings completion of your wishes.

YmitoHAKA {(rfter hearing this).
friend I the time for bathing has come opportonely.

JlmiTAViHANA UnfuUy).

If so, why do we stop heret dome on. We will
salute my father, and go to the bath.

[Emiudimmei.

mm or sioovd lot or tn vioXiunML

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THE VioitrAKDA.

ACT III.

I%en eniers intaxicafed, hi$ gammU hmbUd and damd,
ufUh a cup in his hand, a Parasite, ond a Slave,
carrying a vessel of wine an his sh&uUer.

Parasite.
Thc«e are the only two gods for me— the one who is
always drinking and the one who brings lovers together
— BaIadcTa«andK£ma.deva. (ReeUabaui.) Assuredly
the life of me, S'ekhaiaka, is very pfosperous, since in
my bosom is a loved hidy, in my mouth lotus-scented
wine, and on my head a garknd, like a perpetual
minister to my wants. (Stumbles.) Halloa! Who is
pushing against me now! (JFUh joy.) Assuredly
NavamAHkA makes game of me.

Blavs.
She is not yet come, sir.

Parasite (angrily).
The marriage of MalayavaU took place in the first
watch ; how, then, is she not come yet, though it is
morning! (Thinking for a time, with joy:) I suppose
tliat at the marriage feast all the Siddha and VidyAdhara
people, with their friends and acquaintances, are eiyoy.
ing the delight of drinking in the flower-garden: so
that there NavanUdikiwiU be looking out for me. So

• BftUdm, ilM slder broibtr of KtMiml
driakinftiiaoltt; aaoriof QMhas.

lor hit

THE VioiNAVDA.

I will now go there. What is S^ekharaka without
Navamilikit*

[He begins togooui, daggering.

Slave.
Come along, sir. Here is the flower-garden. Be
pleased to enter.

Ihen eniers the VmtfsHAKA, tcith a pair of garments
on his shoulder.

YlDltSHAKA.

Tlic desires of my dear friend are fulfilled. I am told
that he is on his way to tlie flower-garden. So I will
now go there. (WaUdng and looking about.) Here is the
flower-garden. I will enter. (After entering, gesticHlat-
ing as if annoyed by bees.) Halloa ! Why now do these
odious bees attack me ? (Smelling himself.) Ah 1 I see
how it is. I have been respectfully decked with per-
fumes by the relations of Malayavati, as the bride-
groom's friend, and a garland of Sant£iia flowers has
been placed, upon my head, and now that very respect
has become a cause of annoyance. What shall I do t
Having dressed myself as a woman with those pieces of
red cloth, which I have brought from Halayavati, I will
go on, using the upper garment as a veil We will see
what these villanous bees will then do.

[He does so.

Parasite (observing him, joyfully).

HaUoa t slave. (Pointing laughingly with his finger.)

* Both tboM ntmet are tignifioaot. liekbuvks' propor|y i
a garknd, aiid NsrMntfUlUi tho dooUo-JMiiiiiio.

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THB ViollTAVDA.

Hero it tiurely NaTMoAliki. She has seen me, and, in
a rage at my long delay, pnto on her veil and tome
away. So I will appease her with caresses.

[Ching up, wiih « langh, and embracing the YmiiSHAKAy
he Meitopuimnne bekl nnU in his numth.

YmitSHAKA (perceiving the smell of wine^ holds his nose^

emd turns away hisfaeey
How now t Haying bat jnst escaped the attack of
bees of one sort, I am assailed by an odions bee <^ a
different nature.*

Parasite.
Why do yon tarn away yoor (ace in anger t (Prostrat-
inghisnself, and placing the YiDteoAKk'n/ooi on his head.)
Be sipptsMd, Naramiliki I

Theneniersa Servant Girl.

OlRL.

I am bidden by the qneen — ** NavamAliki, go to the
flowei^garden, and say to the keeper, PallayikA, * To-day,
prepare the tamAla4x>wer with especial care, for the
bridegroom and Malayaratf are going thither.' ** I have
giren the message to PallayikA ; and I will now seek my
dear friend, ffekharaka, whose passion will be increased
by my ni^t's absence. {Seeing him.) Here he is.
(kngrilg.) How nowl He is conrting some other
1 1 I will jnst stop, and find oat who she is.

* ▲paasnthswsfd '
sada^'lsfm'*

whiohi

ibolha^bst'

THB VioiVASmA.

Parastte {Jo^fMy).
He who, throng^ excessive pride, bows not to 81t%
Tishm, or Brahma, that same ff ekharaka fidls at thy
feet, NavamAliki.

YlDliSHAKA.

Oh dranken wretch, there is no NavamAliki here.

Girl {locking^ ^sUh a smile).
ffekharaka, overcome with wine, is soothing his
reverence Xtreya in mistake for me. I will put on a
pretence of anger, and hare a game with them.

Slave {having seen the Servant Girl, shaking STek-

HARAKA with his hand).
Sir, let her ga It is not NavamAliki Here is
NavamAliki, jast come, and looking on, with eyes lit ap
with anger.

Girl (going i^).
Well, GTekharaka, whom are yoa courting here t

YiDitoHAKA (ktUng the veil drop).
lady, it is only I, an ill-fated Brahman.

Parasite (recognising the YiDitaHAKA).
Halloa 1 You tawny monkey, would you too deceive
ffekharakat C!ome» sUve, take hold of him» whilst I
soothe NavamilikA.

Whatever my

&AVB.

orden.

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THB irioiVAVDA.

TU VioiVANDA.

PABASm {Uttinggo th$ YioMhaka, andfalUng tU th$

fmi of ik$ Servant Oibl).
Be be q>peased» appeased, NayaniAlikA 1

Thii

ymjiBRAKJi(t0hm$df).
a good opportunity to make off.

iTriii lo ffei tueojf.

Slavs (j/ratping the YmiiSHAKA hy his Brahmanieal eml^
wkkh ii brokm in ike druggie).
Where are you off to, yoa tawny monkey t

[Binding him round the neck bf the igfper
garmeni, he drage him along.

YlDliSHAKA.

ladyi Naramilibi^ be q>peased. Make him release
me.

If yoa fall at my feet, with yo«r head on the ground.

IShekughi.

YiDtfSHAKA (wUk anger f and tremUing).
Alas t How can I, who am a Brahman, and friend of
the king of the Oandhanras, M at the feet of the
dan^terof askrel .

OatL {shaking her finger fU him^ and emiling).

1 will compel you to bow presently. — Get up^ Sek-
haraka, get np. I am satisfied* {Sh4 embraces him.)
Bat here the. dear friend of the bridegroom has been

insulted by you, and I daresay yonr master, MitraTasu,
will be angry on hearing of it. So yon had better pay
reqpeet to him.

Parasite.

Whatsoever NavamdlikA orders. {After embracing the
Ymi^SHAKA.) sir, you were joked with by me, think-
ing you were one of my relations. {Reeling about.) Am
I really ffekhorakat Has any joke really been madet
{Making his upper garmeni into a bundle^ he offers it as a
seai.) Let my rdation take a seat here.

YiDiiSHAXA {to himself).

Thank goodness I he has passed the violent stage of
his dronkenness.

[He sUs down.

Parasite.
Navamiliki, do you takea seat at his side, so that
1 may pay my respects to you both at once.

[Servant Oiri^ with a laugh, siis down.

Parasite {taking up the drinking<up).

Slave, fill this to the brim with wine.

[Slave gesticulates the filling of the eup.

Tjm^bite {taking some fiowers from the garland on his headt
puis thm into the cup, and kneeling on both kneeSf pre-
, senUUtoIlArAMiuKi).

Kavam4lik4, taste it, and pass it to him.

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TM ViokKAKBA.

Girl (with a mUe).
Whaterer yoa wish.

[TtuUi^rndfivaUhtuk

Parasitb
(preseniing the cup io the YrndSHAKA).
This cup, with its contents specially flavoored by con-
tact with the lips of Navani4lik4, has never before been
tasted, except by 17ekharaka. Drink, therefore. What
greater honour coold I show you t «

yn)t8nAKi {with (I very farced mile).
ffekharaka, I am a Brahman.

Pabasitb.
If so, where is your ninefold thread t*

VmihSHAKA.

It was dragged and broken by that skve.

OiRL {laughingfy).
Bedte to ns, then, some verses of the Yedas.

YlDlJSHAKA.

hdy, what have the smell of wine and verses of the
Yedas in ccnnmon 1 1 However, I have no wish to argue
witbyoit The Brahman falls at your feet

[OffeniofaUather/eeL

^SMlfaimlLHCoiBiB.

f la Maim IV. 8, a prieat is lorbiddmi io pnmotinoe texts of the

Veda, " as long at the aoent and uaettMsitj of patf omes iMnsia on
ttbody^sllsraaeat- '

TSl jrloiVAMDA.

OiRL {dUekiMg him with boA handi).
Your reverence must not do so. STekharaka, get
away, get away ; he is really a Brahman.* {She fejle at
the feet of the YmtfSHAKA.) sir, do not nune your
wrath. This was only a piece of friendly joking.

Parasite {to Umsdf).
I too had better appease him. (Fatting at hie fed^
aloud.) Let your reverence forgive me for having
offended under the influence of wine. I will How go
with NavamAliki to the drinking-booth.

YmusHAKA.
I forgive you. Be off, both of you. I too will go
and see my dear.patron.

[Exemt Parasite, with Slavic emd
Servant Girl.

YlDl^SHAKA.

The untimely death of a Brahman has been averted.
But since I am defiled by contact with this drunken
youth, I will just bathe in this tank. (He doee eo.
Looking towards the tiring-room.) Here comes my dear
friend, supporting MalayavaU, like Krishna supporting
Bukmini.t I will go and attend upon them.

l%en enters the hero^ dressedin marriage garments^ with
MALAYAVATi, and a suitable retinue.

JiMllTAViHANA
(looking, wWk rapture, at MALAYAVATi).
When looked upon, she casts down her eye; when
* Bee Maoii XL 20S.

t Rnkmiia was the chief wile of Kriihos. See Fkern 8<|ar,
eh.liiiliL

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THB KioA^AirDA.

uddressed, she makes no rc^y ; on the couch, slie remains
inmed atraj ; when excessively embraoed, slie trembles ;
when her friends leave the room, she too wislies to go
oat : through the very perversity of her behaviour my
newly-married love is still more to my liking. {Looting
at MALAYAVATi.) beloved Malayavati, a vow of
silence was kept by me, though accustomed to answer
in haughty tones ; this body of mine was bathed in the
rays of the sun and moon, and in the flames of forest
Aras ; and I was rapt in total abstraction of mind for
many days and nights. Surely the fruit of all that
penance is^ that I now behold this face of thine.

KalatavatI {aside).
O ChatnrikA, he is not only j^easant to the eye, but
he knows also how to speak in a flattering manner.

0[XKL{9m£ling).
You might say so, if he wa» flattering. But where is
the flattery in this I

JiMltTAViHANA*

O ChatairikAi point out the path to the flower-garden.

Girl.

This way, my lord

JiiaitTAVAlIANA

{watkhig about, addmrng the heroine).
Let your ladyship c<«ie just as you are. The wei|^t
ct your breasts themselv^ tends to weaiy you ; why »

ran vloiir AHDA.

then place a pearl ornament on your wabtt The
weight of your hips is wearisome^ — much more this
.girdle 1 There is hardly sufficient powor in your feet to
carry your limbs, far less your anklets 1 Your limbs
being so lovely, why should you wear ornaments that
only tend to weary you t

OlRU

Here is the flower-garden. Be pleased to enter.

[AU ofUer.

JfMih*AVJlHANA {looking round).
Well, truly the beauty of the flower-garden is great 1
Here the cbx>ppings from the sandal-trees cool the
creeper-bower with its tesselated pavement The pea-
cock dances yet more wildly to the shrill sound of the
. shower-baths. The cascade, brown with the pollen of
flowers, shaken from the trees by the impetuous foam,
falls with a rush from the machine, and fills the basins
at the foot of the trees. Again, these bees, making the
creeper-bower resound with their attempts at song^
as they drink in abundant honey, in company with
their wives, covered with a perfumed dust by the
pollen of flowery seem to eigoy on eveiy side a drinking
festival

[YmitoHAKA eomei ^

VmiteHAKA.
Victory to your highness I Welcome to your ladyship I

JiiniTAVlHANA.

friend ! you have been very kmg in eoming.

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THI VioiXAKDA.

naMiaiMAni.

YwtmAKJL

I am eome as soon as I could. Bat I delayed so long
walking aboui^ ihrongh cariosity to see the drinking <^
the YidjAdliaras and Siddhas, intenningled at the mar-
rii^ feast. Do yoa, too, jast take a look at thesL

JfMliTAVJLHANA.

We will do as yon say. {Looking m aU sides.) Friend,
see, see 1 Their limbs anointed with yellow sandal, and
wearing wreaths of SantAna flowery with their bright
gannents Tari^ted by the miztare <^ rays from their
jewelled ornaments, these YidyAdharas and Siddhas, in-
termingled beneath the shade of the sandal-trees, drink
the nectar, jini tasted and left by their bred ones.
Come^ we will go to the tamila avenae.

[fTalhabouL

YwtBBAKJL

Here is the tamila avenae. Her ladyship appears
fktigaed with walking to it Let as therefore sit down
on this crystal seat, and rest

JiMliTAViHANA.

Friend, it is well suggested. The fiice of my dear one,
after haring worsted the moon by the pale beaaty of its
cheeks, nqw surely wishes to surpass the lotus when
reddened by the sun's rays. {Taking th$ heroine hf the
htmd.) Dear one, let us sit down.

HalatavatL
Whaterer my husband bids me.

[AUsUdmn.

Jtu&rAYAmxA.
{raising the keivine'sfsu^e, and IcoUngaiii).
Dear one, to no purpose hast thou been wearied by
us, through our anxiety to see the flower garden, since
this fcce of thine, resplendent with its creepers of eye-
brows and shoot-like pink lips, is a very garden of para-
disc. Compared with this, erery garden is but a jungle.

Girl {addressing the ViDiteHAKA, wiih a smih).

Ton hare heard how he describes the princess. I will
now paint you.

ViDtfSHAKA (jfladlg).
lady! I am alire again now. Pray, then, do me
the farour in your best style, that yon feUow may nerer
again call me a tawny monkey.

Girl.
Sir,.you seemed lorely to me at tfie marriage watdi,
with your eyes shut through drowsiness. Therefim
stand like that for me to paint you.

[YmitaHAKA does so.

QmL {to herself).
Whilst he stands with his eyes shut^ I wiU Uacken his
&oe with the juice <rf a tamAU shoot^ which will do as
weUasindiga

[Bmngimdspisesinga(a$ndtashoot,
iheUaehens his face.

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{!%€ hero and hmnne look ai the YmitoHAXA.)

JiMltTAV^HANA.

Friend, 70a aie in luck, being painted, with nt for
apectaton.

[Beroh^l(mgh8on8eeintYiDtBEAKA!Bfaee.

JtedTAVAHANA {looking in her face).
lordy-eyed one I the springing of the htoeeom of a
emile ib seen on 70«r shoot-like bwer lip, bat the fruii
is seen elseiriiere, namdy, in the ejres of me as I gase.

YtDliSHAKA.

Madam, what hare 70a done t

OlRL.

Vlhjf are 70a not painted t

YmitoluXA (after ruNnng hie hand over hie face and

loMng ai U, raieing hie daff).
O daaghter of a slave I the royal family are present
What shall I do to yon t— Alas ! notwithstanding yoor
royal presenee, I am blackened by this danj^ter of a
sUve. How can I remain here I I will be oS

[EtiL

Girl.
Hii rererence i^treya is rexed with me. I will go
and conciliate him.

KaultavatL
OChatoiikil whither do yon go, leaving me all alone t

THS ViolKAKDA. 89

Girl {pointing io ike hero, and emUing).
May yon be long in such solitude I

[ExU.

JiMiJTAVlHANA {looking in the face of heroine).

lovely one t if this face of thine, with its pink flash

as it is lighted ap by the son's rays, and with its soft down

revealed by the spreading gleam of its teeth, is really a

lotos, why is not a bee seen drinking the honey from itt*

{Heroine^ hwgfwng^ home her face another wag.)
{Hero repeaie the same eenlenee.)

Girl

{entering wUh a hurried toes of the curtain^ and coming ly).

Here is the noble Mitrivaso, desiroos to see the prince
on some bosiness.

JlMtJTAViHANA.

Dear one, do yoo go to the hoose. I too will soon
come, after I have seen Mitr&vaso.

[Exit heroine with servant girl.

Ihen enters MimiVASi;.
MitrXvasit.
Whilst that enemy is still unslain, how can I without
a sense of shame say to JlmtitavAhana, *' Yoor kingdom
is seized by an enemy!" Still, it is not right to go
without informing him. So I will tell him and then ga
prince 1 Mitrivaso salutes you.

* ApolitswayofstUaglorakka 8ssDotosap.41

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THB HiaivAnu.

JiwiTAyiHAiu {m $mn§ MiTRiTASuX

Pnj, be seated.
pfrrBivASU Uku a teai, keeping ki$ ej/eifsoBd <m him.

JimtTAYlHAiu (looking siomUIg ol km).
ISkMrua 1 70a leem vezecL

MrmAyAsu.
Who would be pat out by one 10 despicable as
Mataiigat

JiMitTATiHAKA*

What bas Matanga been doing t

MrrRAvAsu.
Assuredly to his own destruction, he has attacked
your kingdinn.

JimtTAViHANA (wUhjog^ to kkmelf).
Oh I woold that it were true I

MlTBiVASU.

Therefore lei the prince deign to giro orders for his
destmction. What need of talking long about it t At
soon aS| at thy command, the IKddhas are gone brace to
battle, making the day dark by douding the sun, as if it
were the rainy season, withtheir hearen-traversingchariots
crowding on every side^— your monarchy, whose semin*
darsare temporarily bowing throuj^ fear of this haughty
enemy, will at once be regained. What need though of
great multitudes! By me, single-handed, shining with
an anreole of rays from the quickly-drawn sword, behold

VHB VlolHAHOA.

the coward Matanga already slain <m the batUe-field,
like a mighty ekj^iani by a lion which has sprung on
him from afar.

JImOtavAhana {to hifMdf, covering his ears}.
Ah 1 how cruelly he speaks ! Howerer, let it pass.
(Aloud.) Mitriyasul what is all thist Eren some-
thing more than this mi^t be possible for you, with
such strong arms. But how should I, a man who through
pity, though unasked, would give up his own body for
the sake of another, permit the cruelty of destroying life
for the sake of a kingdom t For my part, I can concMre
no enemy except the Kletes.* If, thra, you would
please me^ pity that poor wretch, who, for the sake of
kingly power, has become a slare to the Kletes.

MmuLvASU (hiUerly).
One^ forsooth, who has done so much good to us, and
is in such misfortune^ is well worthy of pity 1

JiiiiiTAVJLHANA (to himself).
His wrath is not to be arerted. His mind, swayed
by passion, cannot be turned aside. Well, let it be.
(Aloud.) Bise, we will go in-doors. There I will advise
you. The day is now endedi— for yonder sun, the sole
object worthy of adulation, whose fisvour is solely for

• KUhs^TbM kMM see will kaowtt In BvddUst tiMology.
8m Bamouf," Lotus dsUboimtH''App.IL Tbij art the ««i
tioM, Umt difidtd :— Thrtt of ths bo<|j» mardar, thsll, sdultny |
four of 11)60611, lyings ilsiidor, abuoe, onprofltablo couTonsiloii ;
threo of tho mind, eoTeioutnoM, maUot, aoapiioiaiii. la tha Toga
philoaophyiharaaraflfa: iguotanoa^ agotiam, daaiia^ hatrad, tanae>
city of <

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6«

TV! VlolVAHBA.

the good of others, is looked on bj Ae SiddhaSi with
their Toices load in o(mtiniMl praise, m he goes to rest,
hsring tirified the uniyeFse with his rays, whose sole
hosiness is to fill, the eight quarters wiUi lights and to
kesp off from the lotos bads the binding seal of sleep.

lExeuni omna.

m or Tn raiao ACfSi

ACT IV.

Tkm mier a CHAMBraLAiK carrying two red garments,
ondaDooBXZBPEBL

(jEAhTBERUaV.

If who issae commands for the seraglio, who watch
for trippings at erery step, now, weak through old age,
make kny resemblance to a king perfect bj handling a
•♦daikftL''*

DOOKKEEPER.

itrerend Yasubhadra 1 whither are you goingt

Chauberlain.

1 am bidden by the queen, the mother of MitrArasu : ''0
chamberlain 1 for ten days you should take red garments
to Malayarati and my son-in-law.'' Now the daughter
is remaining in her faUier-in-law's household, and Jim(i-
tarkhana is gone to-day with the young king to see the

* Ws hate here apoB,ss the word dM<2».nfiim«ins both ^'ptttt-
> and polkjr " and '«the hMidUng of A •Ufll''

«mi VloilTAHDA.

sea-shore, as I hare heard. Whether, then, shall I go
to the kinffs dan^^ter or to the son-in-lawf

Doorkeeper.
Sir, you had better go to the princess, f<Nr perhaps by
this time the son-in-law will have come there of his own
accord.

Chamberlain.
Tou adrise well But whither are you yourself now
goingt

Doorkeeper.
I am commissioned by King Yi^Arasu to go and tell
MitrArasu, << Since in this festival of 'Dipa-pratipad'*
some present should be given to Malayavati and the
bridegroom, therefore come and think of something
suitable to the occasion."

[Exeunt hatk

Then enter Jill i)tavXhana and MrrRiVASi;.

JilCliTAViHAKA.

A green glade for a couch, a white stone (or a seat^ a
dwelling beneath the trees, the cool water of a cascade
for drink, roots for food, the deer for companions,-^
theforest which thus abounds in all that one could wish,
unsought, there is this one faulty that^ through the ib*
sence of suppliants, we live there to no purpose, having
no opportunity of assisting others.

**« IMpa-prsI^ ** may msMi the tint dsy ol the bright lorioi^l^
or perhaps a f cstinl eonsspoDdlng to the Festt el Lsittems.

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THS ViolHAHDl.

MiTRivASU {hoUng upwards).

Prince, hasten, hasten! It is time for the flow of the
tide.

JiiftfTAYlHANA {listening).
Yon are rigfai An ear-deafening noise arises, made
hj the repeated flappings of the ears of the sea-monsters
M they emerge, and causing the interiors of all the
anmntain eaves to re-echo. Here comes the tide, white
with the innumerable shells which it tosses on its war^

MrrRAvASU.
It is indeed come. See I this ocean tide is brilliant
with its many-cdoored gems, and has its waters scented
by the emctations of the sea-monsters, who hare fed on
the yoong shooU ai the dore-trees.*

JimfTAVlHANA.

OMitrAvasnl seeagain. Thc«e dopes of Malaya have
all the splendour of the peaks of the snow mountains,
by reason of the veils of white autumnal douds.

MimivAstr.
These are not the slopes of Malaya. These are heaps
of the bones of NAgas.

JfMdTAvARANA {somwfiiUy).

Alas I wherefore were they thus shiin by wholesale I

• Comptrs ths {MMgv ia IndonMtTt SwajMii ws, lUgharao^
▼L S7» where Sunandd reoommencb the prinoMs to ehooee the King
ofKaliDgftorCoromAiidel: " Wmnder with him on the benks of the
oMiii, neonuil with the mimnun of the palm groTee^ while the
SMBSMr heal is oooM by tho hmns whkh bear the flowers of the
slovs-liss^ waited iroBi other kods.''

THE irioAVAXDA.

MttrAvasu.
They were not slain by wholesale. Just listen to this :
At this phMse Oaruda* was in tiie habit of devouring
one snake daily, catching it up from hdl, whilst the
whole contents of the ocean were deft asunder from Unp
to bottom by the wind of his wings.

JimtTAViHANA {in a fMwmfid Ume).
Alas 1 his deed was most crueL And then t

MrrRivASi;.
Then Garuda was addressed by Ytoiki,t who feared
annihilation of the whole serpent i

JimtTAYAHANA {with fcspect).
Did he say, '<Eat me firsff

N0| no.
Whatthent

MrrRivASU.

JililiTAViHAKA.

MitrAvasu.
This is what he said : ** Through fear of your ftirious
descent^ the embryos of the snakes are prematurdy bom
by thousands, and the young ones perish; so that our
continuous line of descent is cut ofi", and your own in-
terests are destroyed. Therefore that snake, for the

* Ganicls,sODofyfaist<aiid Kuryape, is the Idng of bird% like
the itbled roo, and the mthleai enemy of the nakee or Vigtm,
t Ttfsuki is kiBf ol the Kliga% Mid VMides in the ialMnd rs gkma.

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•0

YHB vioiXAnUA.

take of which you make jonr descent into hell, I will
•end to joa daUy to this place.''

JilidTAVJlHANA.

How well were the snakes defended bj thmr king 1
Amidst his thoosand doable tongues was there not one
with which he conld say, ** Myself is given by me this
day to sare the life of a snake.'*

MmUvAsir.
This, then, was agreed to by the king of birds. So^
these conditions being thus settled by the king of the
IShg^, Uiese are the heaps, white as the snow peaks,
Arom the bones of the snakes, which the king of birds
deronrs, and which have been increasing^ do increase,
and will increase as days go by.

Jimh'AvAiiANA.
Wonderfol I Fools commit sin even for the sake of
a worthless body, which soon perishes, is ungrateful,
and is a store-house of aH uncleanness. Well, this
destnietion of the Nigas will assuredly bring some
judgment (To Atmsrf/.) Would that^ by giving up my
i body, I might save the life of a single NAgal

Thm^enieniheDoOKKXBPKR.

Doorkeeper.

I have ascended the mountain peak and will now seek

IGtiivastt. (fFallsmg abauL) Here stands Mitrivasu

with the bridegroom. {Ooing ngf.) May the princes be

victoriottsi

tn irioiVAVDA.

«i

MrralTASi;/
OSunanda, why are you comet (Doorice^fer whiifen
m hii $ar.) prince, my father has sent for ma

JiMOTAVJlHANA.

Oo, then.

MrrRivAsu.
The prince should not stay too long in this ill-omened

JiMltTAVJLHANA.

I will descend from this mountain peak and look at
the sea^ore. {fFaUcs abouL)

Behind the scenes.
Alasl my darling son, S>ankhachtWia, how can I
endure to see thee slain to^y t

JiiiOTAVAHANA {infier hearing this).
Hal a cry of distress as if from a womani Whocan
it bet of what is she afraid! I will try to know.

[fFalktahauL

Then enters SAKKHACHiDA^ followed hy am Old Woman,
crying^ and a SsRVAin* vnlh a pair of fforments for
one campletelf veiled.

Old WoiCAN (with tears).
Alas I my son, ffankhachiduia, how can I endure to see
you slain this day! (Taking hold of his Mn.*) Deprived
of this moonfMe, Hades will become midnight

* Ths Ntfgsi «rt groanilly w praw ato d in old «mlpi«irei m bttr- |
iagthshomMi lonn,lmtwithssiuiks sttaolMdtotlMirbsskssBd >
ths hoodfd h«Ml rising bahlad tMri

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?ANKHAOHtf /7A.

motheTi why do jroa haraM me yrt mofo bj
weepingt

Old Woman (jMdng iU him and ttroUng hii Umbs).

AUwl my son I how will pitiless Gkffuia devour thy
beauteous body, that has nerer felt the son's rayst

[Embraei$^f him, Ae weef$.

Enough of lamentation. See here — since mortality
as the nurse first chtfps the new-bom ehUd to its bosom,
and the mother comes only second — ^what room is there
forM»rowt

[Wishei (0 d^forL

Old Woman.

son, stay for a moment whilst I look on your face.

Servant.
Come, Prince ffankhachd(ia» never mind her words.
Infatuated by aflfection for her son, she forgets the duty
to our king.

ffANXHACHtf/7A.

1 am coming.

SsRVANT {h himidf, looting m advanu).

I have brought him to the rock of execution; so I
win now give him the distinguishing badge of one con*
demned to death.

«RaNl«lNAm^ es

JiMliTAViHANA.

This mutt be ike woman that I heard— (IM^v ai
SankkaMday-tokd this must be her son. Why, then,
does she weept {Looks on aU tides.) I do not porcetve
the very least cause for her fear. I will go near and
see whence her fear is. Their conversation rektes
to it^ perh^M fhm it I may get some explanation. I
will get inside a bush and listen.

Bm\Am{wiikios^puUk^ his hands lofsOii^^

Prince ?ankhachti(h» since it is the command of
my lord, this so cruel message must be delivefed.

ffANKHAOHtfjDA.

Say on.

Servant.
The king of the Nigas orders

?ANKHA0Htf/7A.

{pMing his hands together to his head, respsdfvUg).
What does our lord order!

Servant.
<< Having put on this pair of red garments^ mount
upon the rock of execution, that (}anu2a^ on seeing the
red garments^ may eat you."

JlMiiTAViHANA {hming mrhsard).
Howl Is he, then, abandoned by YAsukit

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SXBTAMT.

O prine^ take then thi pur of gMmentfc

[FtmnkOm.

•MkiHff her Matt).
Ala.1 my difld, this seems like » flaah of lightning.

[Fainii.

SutVAllT.

[Exit
mother, recorer thyselt

^^^ouA^{cmingiohmdf,iearfiiU9).

^'m "^^^ Sf^ ''""^ "'^^^'^^ kx » hundred
its! Where shall I again behold thee I

[«*« rfo^pi Aim nmiirf tte ii«at

JimfTAViHANA.

Alas! the pitilessness of GaroiL I uki^\A ^k- i.

a- «» W rf ft. ted rf J^ i ^•"^

TBS VioiVAWA.

6«

glancing in all direetionsy pitifiilljr repeats*-'' My child^
who will deliver thee t "

ff ANKHACin)/7A {cheMng Ms own tears).
mother, where is the nse of excessire grief t Do I
not keep saying, '* Cheer up," '' Qieer np t "

Old Woman {wUh iean\
How can I cheer up, seeing that thou, my son, my
only son^ art banished by the compassionate king of the
Ndgas ! Alast why in the universal world was my son
^ thought oft I am utterly unfortunate.

[ShefainU.
JfMOTAViHANA {dokfuUy),
If I do not protect this wretched one, who is at the
very point of death, abandoned by his relations, then
what ^-ood is there in my body t So I will go up to
them.

S^ANKHACHtfjDA.

mother, be comforted.

Old Woman.
Alas I my son, when you are given up by Ytoiki, the
protector of the Niga- world, who else will be your pro-
tectort

JiMiiTAVlHANA {gdng ^
Shall not //

Old Woman {m teeing hi$n, having hid her wn wtih her
upper garmenif goet up (o him andfattt iippfi her kneee).
son of Yinati, destroy me. I am prepared for tliy

food by the Niga.kiog.

■

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»B» HioilTAinM.

le«i irill feel pity. ^*«^ '''«'• ^eart i. pitj.

which h.T.dwppenL^lT^*'^ do*- of Wood,

i ..its U^" " «" '«M ^ .hi.

JllrtTAViHANA.

JiinJtAviiu*^
^ *'"»*«««q"<il7iria.giai.

TBB vAoIkAKDA.

ImMidsk, or. even more so than he, since thou wishest
to preserve my son bj giving up thy own body, even
though he is deserted by his own kinsfolk.

?ANKHACHl}/>A.

How different from the world in general is the mind
of this magnanimous one 1 For this good man, moved
by pity, gives up for the sake of another as though it
were but a straw, that life, for the sake of which, in
olden times, Viivtoiitra* ate Aog*B flesh, like a dog-
cooker; and NiUst^'anghat was slain byGrautama, even
though he had done a kindness to him ; and this Chiru(2a,
son of Ka^yapa, daily eats Nilgas. (Addressing tks hero.)
magnanimous one, unfeigned compassion for me has
been fully shown by thee in the determination to give
up thyself; but do not obstinately insist on ib Low-
bom people like me are bom and die; but whence are
those produced like thee, who gird up their loins for the
sake of others t What, then, is the use of this fixed
determination t Let this resolution be abandoned.

JillliTAylHAllA.

ffankhachiduia, do not put any obstacle in the way
of this desire of mine of giving myself up for the sake
of another, which only now has got an opportunity of
accomplishment, after so long a time. Do not^ then,
hesitate, but give me the distinctive badge of those
appointed to be shun*

• Compm Manu x. 108, "And VUrimitn, who kntw ri^i
•ad wroog, re«oWed to «At a dog's tUsh, taking It from tho hand
of a ehaiKifla.*'

t For thsjtoiy ol HiAJasigba, sss ICahih. xii. H 170-171

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Tm VlolVAirDA.

SAKKHACni/yX.
magnanimous one, where is the use of this fruitless
perseverance t Nerer will S'ankhachiiib sully the family
honour of S'ankhapAla, which is white as a shell If we
are indeed objects worthy of thy pity, then let some
expedient be derised, so that this woman n&ay not quit
life, oT^rcome by my calamity.

Jilll^AVlHANA.

What can possibly be devised t She who dies in your
death and lives only in your life,— if you wish her to
live, save yourself by my life. This is the only ranedy,
so give me quickly the badge of death, that, having
disguised myself in it» I may mount the execution rock.
And do you, thinking of your mother before all, retire
from your post. Probably your mother, if she stood in
view of the place of execution, would abandon life.
Do you not see the great cemetery, filled with many
skeletons of the ill-fated NAgast See hero, rows upon
rows of the crests of the slain Nigas, coated thick with
ooxing brains, splash as they fall from the jaws of the
jackalls into the stream of carrion-smelling gore, while
the scene is shrouded in awful darkness by the flapping
wings of the vultures, their greed increased by the
gobbets of raw flesh which fall mangled from their
chattering beaks I

ffANKHACHtf/^A.

How should I not see t This cemetery, which afibrds
ddight to (hntk, with a snake for his daily food, is

60
THS JtkoiMMMDX,

. er- • with its skuBt and bones white
Uke thebody of STiTa, with Its seuu-

At the moon.* ,^\«a

OffwWiwh<Wa,gothen. Wi»» »
-^.metttobjecUonst

SankhaChiJoa. , ^i^rtiumd.
The time for ^^f "if «^T ^ moihT. do you

now go avay. ^^ J^^*^Xr doting one I
r^jti tboa alone be my motber. ^^^^^^ ^j^

""'" ^^ tSiidltd th. .a«*b«.

After I ^V^itJ^^^ •"'***
Gokarna.t wbicb » dote at i»»«,

eommand of my lord. ^ExtMi W*.

• fiita it often represwww* —

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. Th« BeasonaWe arrival nf^
Pm »,e the 8«atc»t p,t!!^ j^^ "^ «d garment,

From the violence of this wS S^^'^^'^^'^reclion,)

i^» -- cioj^ttt/srSe*'^ *''*^-?^

*u>g» obwnres the tkr lik^ .^ ', *''* <»I«"«>e of his
the wind canaed b, tS'^ ^^J-* at cioo««4'^

•PPwheneion of the Mdden JwK *^^'"'^'--«"«n«*«

**^ with tenor brX .ll^'"! *»' *»»• i^orJd,!^

I .r»^-irtththeft/bWncrof?!!!?*^«I>PortZ

THS XioiRAVDA.

quarters of die sky. Therefore now, while ffankhachiiia
is away, I will quickly mount the execution rock.
(Does 90 and sin down^ iiariing as if enraptured.) Ob,
the rapture of its touch ! Not so much does Malaya-
rati delight me, moist with sandal-juioe of Malaya, as
this rock of execution, which I embrace to the further-
ance of my desired object Or rather— what need of
mentioning Malayavatit Not such joy is attained by
one in childhood, lying peacefully in his mother's lap,
as by me on the slope of this rock of execution. Here
comes Qaruiia. I must reil myself.

[Does so.

Then enters QjJiVDJL

Oarvdjl
Here I am, in a moment arrived on the shore side
of the Malayan Mounts greedy to devour the Nlga.
When I saw the moon's disk, I was reminded of Uie
form of l?esha* coiled up in a circle through fear. My
elder brother f joyfully recognised me, when the sun
was shaken by the sudden start of his chariot steeds as
I passed. My long wings, as I fly, stretch out still
longer by reason of the donds, that hang from them in
festoons.

JiMUTAvXHANA (wUhJo)).

Through the merit that I gain to^lay, by protecting ^
a NAga at the sacrifice of myself may I still obtain, j

* iSedM i» the Uumtaiid-hesdtd nakt whioh mttcb "^^ihna as '
hit ooneh and canopy,
t Anwa, who ia Uit pewoniflad dawn, and olwriolaar ol th> sua.

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THB VIoIkAHDA.

in sacceeding existences, a body to be saerificed for
others 1*

Garu/>a (looking at the hero).
Speediljr will I catch ap and eat this N^ga, dressed
in red garments, who looks as if besmeared with
blood, which gashes from his heart that has bnrst
through fear of me. I will first split open with my
beak, which is fiercer than the fierceness of a thonder-
bolt^ the breast of this one, who has fallen on the surface
of the ezeention rock, to save the rest of NAgas.

{Making a desant, he Htza ike hero.

Behind the seene$ flowers shower datm^ and drums sound.

QakodA (astonishett).
. Why now does this shower of flowers fSdl, rejoicing
the bees with their fragrance f Or why docs this noise
of drums cause to re-echo the quarters of the skyt
(Smiling.) Ah I I know what it is. I conjecture that
even the tree of Paradise itself is shaken by the wind of
my speed; and tiiat the elouds of doomsday give fortli
ihm growl, anticipating the worid's immediate anni-
hilation.

Jfin}TAVlHAKA (to himself).
Good luck I I have attained my desire.

Oaritz>a (seizing the hero).
Althou^ this protector of the Snakes seems to me

* This wkh, to a Buddhist, would Mmn iheneplMS Wim of self-
MCrifiei^ siuet to ototpo Irom tho BooeMii/of f vtiirt birUi» and to
I alrftfii^ ii ths •oprtoM sad ol tMr ^jrslMB.

T8
Ttt»iri«A5AW>A.

my pleasure, [EajeunI mM.

0rD or IWJW" *^ ^

ACT V.

Then enters a

DooRKEEPiiiR.

DOOBKBEPBR- ,

ject. evea if he be o^B^^^i^ed iTihe muUt of «
. ho«« ; tow ««* r^ir^Lge« are weU known.

The mighty kmg ;"•'* ^o i. cone to see Ae oceans
iim«if. ••J*»<^*'^*jr'.:.^d h^ha. given me the-
Aore..top.»lo«gt«ae;J'J^ ^^^^tmy««^
order.-" Since, Sn»«d»» I '^ ^ ^^et rend^

. i„.Uw. Jto^r '*TS;^S S Garuda. I «n fearfol for
tembl.bytheprox»«^^^y tether he haa
Wm Go, then, and ascertain H ^j^nowgoing

J^Smed ^o hi. o-» jrr " "^^/i.. «-) Her-

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THI VlolVAVPA.

^ItfirJLolHAKPA.

Jimtftaketa has a splendour like the ocean, wearing aa
he doea two linen garments, with ripples tremnloos aa
waves and white as the ocean's foam, and adorned bjr
his queen, as the ocean is bjr the Ganges, each alike
possessed of great holiness, and abundant in maternal
streams ; and at their side shines Malajavati, like the
ocean's shore. I will go up to them.

Tkm enien King JiMt^TAKSTU, wiik kis wife and
daughUr-i^-law.

Kino.
I haTe eiyojed all the pleasures of youth, and held
sway in a kingdom full of glory; I hare steadily exer-
cised devotion; my son is of great renown, and my
daughter-in-law here is of fitting parentage ; now that
all my desires are fulfilled, should I not contemplate
death!

Doorkeeper {coming vf suddinlg).
— Of JimdtavAhana —

Kino (ihpping kis eon).
Cease I An ill-omen 1*

Queen.
liay this ill-omen be averted !

MalatavatL
This bad omen causes my heart to palpitate.

* Tk» uitoraiM bj the doork— per of the graikhre OMe of Jlm6-
inTtfhMM, imnedktoly tasoeediog, as il doot, Um word
Merod 1^ the king, teas aa laawpieioas oomb.

of Jim6t»v*h«»«.

Kino.
Lnotmychadibere^tHhimt

. » .u-«». where «•» .^^ ^
OkingI if tei. not there, ^here

Mice of my ^M"'*"*-

DOOBKEEPKB. ^j,. „y

«i««. What message am 1 »> »»
Give yoor otdois. ""•

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T9.

yonder bright thonaand-nired «„- .

worid^ duU «K,n bring r^htth'.'J '^^ •^'^ »'"*•

«d •b«ak^ brighV^iTi;?'^ r»*'' 'hooti-g forth
«»• •/• of the bJholI"'X?r*.^^^ P^ *»

■IP

"V l>i« l«tMj d.^ *™^ ''' •'"""^ Wl ion. off

Kino.

qneen I woald that it miglit prove to be the ereet
of a N&ga.

ff ANKHAGHtoA {dieddtHg lean).
After hastily pftjing my respects at the shrine of
GokftPfia, on the ocean's shore, I am again come to this
slaughter-house of the N4gas. But Gani<2a has taken
that Yidyddhara, after tearing open his breast with his
beak and daws, and is flown up towards hearen.
{Sobbing.) Abs! Thou excessively magnanimous and
affectionate one ! Alas I My only true friend, though
indeed thou hadst no cause to be so J Alas ! Thou that-
sufferest for another's sake, whither art thou gone!
Qiye me an answer. Alas J Base S^ankhachiicta, thou
art utterly undone, since thou hast not obtained the merit
of saving the NAgas, even for one day, nor even the
praiseworthiness arising from obedience to thy lord's
commands. Thou art to be pitied, since thou hast been
saved at the expense of another, who gave up his life
for thine. Woe! Wool How thou hast been de-
ceived ! How thou hast been deceived 1 This being the
state of things, I will not live to be made a laughing-
stock, but will at once endeavour to follow him. (/Fott-
ing abotU, and looking inientty on the ground.) I proceed,-
full of desire to see Qaru<{iH tracking careAiIly this line
of blood, which, through its purple hue, is hard to be
traced on this rock, which is variegated with minerals,
and rendered obsciue by the thick trees. At first the

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*BB MAoiKJkMBA.

Kino.

MALAYAVATf (unihjoy)

[faOtaiker/ed,
M7«bild,*luti. the nutter I ^

«... ^ SiHKHAOHlJ^A.

TBI VioiBASDA.

Ema

My aon, tell me thy sorrow, that it may become more
endurable from partinpatioD. At present it ia intoler-
able^ while shut np ia thine own heart.

erANKHACHl>/>A.

Hear it^ then. I am a NAga» GTankhachtf^fo by name.
I waa aent by YAaokiy aa a meal for Oaruda. But why
waste time in words t Even as we talk, perhaps these
tracks of drops of blood mingled with dast are disap-
pearing. I will therefore tell it in a breath. By a
certain Yidyidharay whose mind was fiill of compassion,
my life has been preserved. He has giren himself up
to Oaructa.

EiNO.

Who else would thus undergo calamity for another!
My child, you might as well hare said at once, ** By
Jlmfitari^anaP Alas 1 I am undone, ill-fSited man that
lauL

Queen.

Alas 1 my child^ how could you do this t

MALAYAVATf.

How true has my foreboding proved I

[TheycMfainL

eAXfOSLkCB^Dk (wiih Uan).
Surely these must be the parents of that magnanimous
<me^ oth^nrwise they would not be brought into this con-
dition by mj evil tidings. But what else should issue
from the month (tf a renomous seq;mit^ except poisont

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TBI VioiMMMDA.

AjMoredly, S'ankhachdeb has worthily repaid his bene-
factor I In what waj, now» shall I pat an end to myself t
Bat I mast first revire these twa Bevive, my father I
Cheer ap, mother !

[Thejf hath revive.

QUZBKi
Stand up, my child. Do not weep. Shall we live
withoat Jimdtavihana t Cheer ap, then.

MaultavatI {reeoverin^^).
hasband 1 where shall I see yoa again!

Kino.
Alas t my child, who knew so well how to. perform
the duty of honoaring thy father's feet, even in another
world the practice of good behayioor is not forgotten by
thee, since thoa hast dropped thy crest-jewel at my feet.
{Takes up the crest-jewel.) Alas I my child, is it only in
this way that I can now behold thee t {Puis ii to his
breasL) Alas I Alas ! thoa, whose head was con-
tinaally bowed at my feet in constant derotion, thy
erest-jewel, polished by their contact as by a toachstone,
was never gailty of iiguring any one ; why, then, does it
now rudely pierce my breast t

QUEBN.

Alas I my son Jimiitav&hana, whose only pleasure
was in obedience to thy father, how coold'st thou leave
lum, and go to enjoy the delights of heaven t

KxHQ {with tsm).
queen I can we live withoat Jimttavfibanai that
youtidkthast

TBI vlalirAin>A«

MalayavatI
(faOmg at hk feet, and cloving her hands).
Give me the crestgewel,asamemorialof myhnsband,
that^ wearing it in my bosom, I may mount the faneial
^le, and quench mj burning sorrows in the fire.

Kmo.
devoted one I why do you thus trouble met Is
not this the fixed determination of us all t

QUJCJCN.

King, why do we then delay t

KiMO.

There is no reason. But one, who has always main-
tained a sacred fir^ obtains purification from no other.
Therefore, we will fetch fire from the sacred fire-cell, and
^ bum ourselves.*

S^AKKHACHl(i>A {tO himself).
Alasl for the sake of me, a single individual, this
whole family of VidyAdharas U utterly destroyed. I
will see what can be done. {Aloud.) fiitiier, not
. without due deliberation should such a rash purpose be
carried out The sportings of destiny demand thought.
Perhaps, when he finds that he is not aNAga,the enemy
of the NAgas will let him go again. Let us tiien f oUow
Qanula in this direction.

•0«iiPsrtCoWiieok6'sB«|s,L,pq;sl«7. ^» ^^^^^T^
^^^S!Zhomst,isiiM^^^oovmnM
bsl^^ from thit fin. ^

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TBI jrlalir AVDA.

QUEEK.

It win aaniredljr be bjr the fpedal hnmr ot the gods
if we look on the face €i ear son, yet liviDg.

MAULTAVATf (to lUmff).

Moet asioredl J I, m.&ted that I an^ iean hardly ^^
tot anch a UeaaiDgi

Euro.
Ochfld,iiiaythia8peech*<tf tl^neproretmel Still
H is fitting that we should take the fires with as, as we
Mow. Do yoa, then, follow the track ; and we will eome
as soon as we hare brought the fire from the fire^dL
[XxU, wUk wtfe and doMghUr^mrUm.

ffANKHACHtf/^A.
I win now foUow Qanuia. {Looking in front.) Tender,
afar oH^ I see the enemy of the NAgas, on a pinnacle of
llalaya, making new gaUeys in the mountain-side^ as he
rabs his gory beak The woods around are aU nprooted
and bamt by the streaks of flaming fire from Us eyes,
and the ground is honowed round him by his dreadfbl
adamantine eUws.

Tkm tnkn QASXJvAt moM on a roek^ wUh the hero
Ipng infirctd (ffkim,

Qarvda.
Kerer since my bhih has so wonderfol a thing been
by me in myfeasts on the lords of the NAgas I Not
nb sf soons bMldlaaiwirirloB'aaUiseh^ia'siiigt^waon

only is this hero nnterrified, but he eren ^ipears ahnost
delif^ted There is no kssitode seen in him, though
most of his blood is drunk op. His fiuse, thit>agh its
heroic endurance^ even when he is sufiering the pangs
from the teariog of his flesh,' seems serene as in ecstacy.
Every limb, which is not aotuaUy destroyed, bristles with
rapture. His glance Mm on me^ whilst doing him an
injury, as though I were doing him a farour. Hence,by
his heroism, my curiosily is excited. I win not eat him.
I will ask who he in

JlmiTAyiHAKA.
There is yet flesh in my body, whose blood pours forth
from every vein; and you, magnanimous one^ do not
seem satiated. Why, then, Qtmdn, do yon stop
eating t

Oabxjdx (to kim$e^f).
Wonder of wonders J Howl Even in this state does
he stiU speak thus stoutly 1 (Abmd.) This heroism of
thine seems to caU back the heart's blood that has been
poured out by my beak. I wish, tiieo, to hear who thou
art

JiMlSTAViHAKA.

It is not fit that you should hear, while tormented
by hunger. Satiate yoorMl^ then, witii my flesh and
blood.

SAKKBAOWiDX (coming ^ in ktut$).
Garodi, not indeed, not indeed should this cruelty
be done. This is no Niga. Let him go. Eat me. I
am sent by Visuki for thy food.

IFrmniihiiirottoL

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TBI irlolVAHDA.

JdCliTATAlIAKA (omim V ff ANKHACffl(/>A).

Alas I my desire has become fimiUess through the
arriral of ffankhachtitfa.

QARVDA{tookUffatihmbo(k).
Both of yoa wear the distmctiye badge of rietims.
Which is real^ the N^a I know not

S^ANKHAOHl}/>^

The error is a likely one, forsooth. Not to mention
the mark of the Swastika* on the breast, are there not
the scales on my bodyf Do you not count my two
tongnes as I speak t Nor see these three hoods of mine,
the c om pre ss ed wind hissing through them in my insup-
portable anguish t While the brightness of my gems is
distorted by the thick smoke from the fire of my dhrefol
poison*

QamxjdA {tooting <U 60A, and noticing l4tf hood

ofSAJfKEACRiDA).

Who^ then^ is this that I have destroyed!

BjoaasLACBiDA.
It is JimtitaTAhana, the ornament of the race of
YidyAdharas. How was this done by thee, merciless
onet

OARUi>A {io kiin$e^f).

Ah I How, indeed, was it done t This, then, is that

* **8wMUks''isaBijiiicalflgiir«iiitii«foniiof aeroM. This
piigs light senre n > ** hem$ eUakmi** lor tlie Hiedu eonoep-
ttaolaNdSgi. MrfarguiioegiTispleiiirsi^takMiraaisofttpiafi^
of Higas wilk thfti^ i?t^ sr stfta iMods.

THB vIgInAIIDA*

JimfitavAhana, prince of the A^dyidharas, whose 6tme I
have repeatedly heard sung by Uie hosts of bards who
traverse LolddcJca,* sung on the slopes of Meru, in the
cares of Mandara, on the table-land of Himavat^ on
mount Mahendra, on the peaks of KaiUsa^ even on
these heights of Malaya, and in the various caverns of
the mountains that bound the workL Of a truth, I am
plunged ill a vast quagmire of iniquity I

JiMOTAVJlHANA.

lord of snakes, why art thou thus troubled t

ffAMKHACHl)i7^

Is it not a time for excessive trouble t If my body
were preserved from Oarueia by the sacrifice of thine,
verUy it were right that thou shouldst huil me to a
depth lower than the deepest helL

OARUi>A«

Alas I alas I His own body has been of his own
accord presented for my food by this noble-minded one,
through pity, to save the life of a Ndga, who had Men
within the reach of my voracity. What a terrible sin
then have I committed I In a word, this is a ^BojJIi^^
eattig ^ whom I have slain. I see no way of expiating
my sin, excq;it by entering the fire. Whrn then shall

* " Lokiloka,'' a mounUinoiM chain mrroaiidiDg tha otttonnost
of Um utwoa MM, and wliioh bo^nda tha world, with tha Hindua.

t ««Bodhi-Mitwa*' it a taohnioal Urm in Buddhiti thaology,
denoting a pottntaal Buddha, or 00a wlio Iim only ona mora birth
ramaining bafora ha baooniM a parfaot Bnddha, and msaawhils
waita in hasTaa until hit period ooBMS round.

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m violMAmJL

I flod tret (Lookimg rwmd.) Ah I Hero oome tome
with fire. I will wait till they errire.

O prince^ toot parents are coiiml

JflCtfTATlHANA {with OffUoiian).
fia nkh ac hU A, do 70a sit down, aad conceal mj
body with my nfipn garment Otherwise, perhaps,
my molher inight die, if she suddenly saw me in this

[SAHKELACBJiDA tokei up the ^formeni/attm
«l ki$ Mtf and don 90.

Then enien Kino JiMrfTAKsn;, mih hU wife and
dangkter4n4aw,

Kmo (Mrm0iffy).
Alas I son JimitoTAhan% whence came this exalted
degree of eompassion—<^ Another is as one's-selff* How
was it that the thon^t did not occur to yon— *' Are
many to be sared, or one t "^ For, by giring np yoar
life to sate a NAga from QariMla, yonrsd^ your parents,
yonr wife^ yea the whole fSunily is destroyed.

Queen (addrming MALATATATi).
daughter, derist Yon wiU extingnish the fire
with your iaeessant tears.

[AU walk round.

Kmo.
Alas I my son Jimdtav&hana I

THB NiolNAirDA.

QXBVDk {on hearing tkU).
He says— '<Aksl my son JirndtovAhana I ** This
then is doubtless his father. How can I bum myself in
this firet I am ashamed to appear before them after
Olaying their son. Yet why diould I be troubled about
a fire t Am not I on the ocean's brink t I will cast
myself into the- submarine fire,* terrible as the destined
consumer ot the worid at the end of a ''kalpa," haying
kindled it by the wind of my own wings, fiercer than
any supernatural blast, whidi will make the fiames
fiicker like the tips of the tongue of Death, when enjoy-
ing the Tdish rf licking up the three workU, and which
span the se% and reach eren to threaten the sunis

domain.

[He mehee Is rm.

JilCllTATlHANA.

king of birds, away with this resolre I Thiswoold
be no expiation for your sin.

QaxudA {failing on hie ibieei, and putting hie
hande togetket).

magnanimous one, tell me then what expiation is
theiot

^ **Yiim,'' or labiiMriiM lie. ''In Hinde mTtliology this*
te rtpMentod M a being ooMisting of Amm^ but with Um kMd ol
• niM^ who ■pruig from Um thigk of t^m, sad was fseaifdl by
tho ooMB."— fKOitffi** DMommrf. Ho te sIm OiOlod Awfs
Bbd(rg»TS. HowUldMlroyUioworldai tht ondoC tbo'^kalps''
OTMOB. Tho B n Ji i nai ifa MJ •'hdpo'' tt wMe s" "
hondiod, aad twonly flilUkas of solar 7«m.

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JS8 TBS VloilTAirDA*

JiMl}TAVlHAlf^

Wait ft momenb My paienU are eome. I will first
pay mj ttgp^cU to them.

Gaxvpjl
Doaa

Kmo (mM /oy^ Aanii^ iem him).
qaeeiiy fortune fitvoon 70a I Here is our •(»!
JimitaTiluuus not only ali^e^ Imt reepectfiill y waited
on bj Gaiikiis with Ide handa f<Med Uke a diadple.

Biij^tj king; my dedrea are all aooompUshed. I
shall see hia. ikce, and anrely hit body moat be un-
iiyiired.

MaiatatatL
ETen though I aee my hoaband, I cannot beUere it
Itiatoodeartobetmel

King (gainff tgo).
(kmb, my child, embrace me.

[JdciiTATiHANA wiMnf to rm,a$gammt
/att$iif,andk€/auU$.

» ETAMKHAGHtfj^A.

prince^ rerire, renre I

Kmo.

Alaal my child, hating aeen me, are yon gone with*
oatan«nfaracet

THS VlolVAKDA.

Queen.
Alas I my child, do yoa not greet me with a sio^^e
wordt

MalatatatL
Alas I my husband^ are not even your parenta worthy
ofaglancet

{nepattfoAU.

ff AMKHACHtf /?A {U> kiwueff),

rillain ffankhaohtUa, why did yon not perish,
whilst yet unborn t Seeing tiiat moment by moment
yoa endnre pangs worse than death itself t

QarvdJl
All this is cansed by my inconsiderate action. Baae
wretch that I am I But I will do what I can. {Fatmrnt
mth hi$ winjfi.) noble one^ reyive^ reviye I

JilCllTAVlHANA {rtCOHriHf).

ffankhach<(b, reriye my parenta.

ffAKKHACHtti>A.

Ofiither, recorerl mother, rerire I

QuiEK.
son, does that TiUain Death cany yoa off in oar
yery sight!

KiNa
qoeen, speak not ao inaospieioasly. The hmg-lived
one^yetbreathea. Seetohiawife.

^ ijaihntfa,loof*tt?idoM^li bite Mid ssaaaddffiMol food

pngfsr. II li a isteuHls

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m irloliruEiu.

Queen
{mepmg, hannff coffered her face with her dreu).
The omen be ayertedl I will not weep. Malay-
mntt, reriTe. Bise, my ehild, riie. At this, timet if
evert kek on the iaoe of thy hntbaiKL •

MAULTATATi {cminff «o here^).
Alas I my hosbend I

. Queen {etopping ike numih of MALATAVATf ).
O childt act not that. May thia omen be arerted.

Kino {to kirntdf, wUk ieare).
Why do I not bunt into a hnndred pieces through
sorrow, as I behold my son giring up his life, whieht
the rest of his body being destroyed, has retreated to
hii throat as to its last remaining stronghold t

ICALATAVATf.

Alas I my husband I I must indeed be rery wicked,
smce, eren when I see my husband in sach a states I
yet live on I

Queen {(Urokmg tko IMbe e/ihe kero, emd
eMreuimg OarUjdA).
O tbon who ftaiest naaght^ how eonld this body of
my w»t iE the fresh bloom of youth, be broq^ by thee
tosnohastateasthiit

JiMlXATiHANA.

mothsTt not so indeed. What harm has beea dene
byUmt Wasitnotinrea% just the same befimf

«BB nIoInanimu

See. What beauty can there be in a body, loathsome
to the sight, and consisting of blood, marrow, flesh,
bones, and fat, corered in by skin t

0ARU/7A.

< noble-minded one, I stand in pain, regarding my-

self as already oonsumfi4 by the fiery flames of hdL
Point out^ theut I pray, how I can be deansed from my
gttili

JiMliTATlHANA.

If my father gives me leayo^ I will point out the
expiation for this fiMalt.

KiNa
Do so, my child.

JlMliTATiHANA.

listen then, Oarucb.

GASXJDk{fMii^ghUhmd»U>9eiker).
Give your instructions.

JfMliTATlHANA.

Cease for ever from destroying life ; repent of thy
former deeds ; labour to gather together an unbroken
chain of good actions, by inspiring confidence in all living
beings; so that this sin, which has its origin in the
destruction of living beingi^ may not ripen to bear fruity
but may be all absorbed in thy merits, as a morsel of
salt thitmn into the depths of yonder ocean.

QtiMJDiL

Whatever you order. I, who was lying in a sleep of

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9BM VloilTAMSA.

ignoimnc^ now, awakened by jrou, hare from this day
ceased from destrojing living beings. Now let the hum
of Nigas wander happily in the mighty ocean— -at times
stretching from shore to shore like bridges— at times
taken for whirlpools, throagh the coiling of their
bodies — and at times resembling continents, from the
multitude of their hoods, large as alluvial islands.
Again, let the damsels of the Nigas in yon grove of
sandal trees celebrate joyfully this glory of thine, think-
ing li^tly of the fatigue, though their bodies faint widi
the exertion, and though their cheeks, browned by the
touch of the rays of the early sun, seem as if bedaubed
with red lead, while their hair let fall to their ftet
resembles the darkness ot douds.

JiMliTATiHANA.

Well said, magnanimous one 1 We are delighted.
By all means keep firm to your purpose. {Addrming
SiKKHACHtoA*) ffankhachdds, do you now go
home.

[{rANKHACHi}i>A, nghing^ Handt wUh downcad looki.

JiMih*ATlHAMA («^Aiii^ oi A€ Akifa a< M ffiotiUr^
For assuredly thy mother will be sitting full of grief
for thy pain, as she looks up,ezpeclingto see thee drop,
Dgled by Ganu2a*s beak.

Qdbbm {with Uar$).
Blessed indeed is that mother, who wOl behold the
Am of her son, with his body uninjnrsdi though he was
actuality in the veiy jaws of OariMb.

THS KAoiKAKDA.

»S

ffAMKHAOHlf/lA*

mother, it is indeed as you say. Would that the
Prince might be saved I

JiMihrATlHANA (fMoiftN^ Of ihmtgk in agmp).

Ah 1 oh 1 These joint-racking pangs were not fUt by

me before, through the excess of pleasure, which I felt

in doing good to another, but now they begin to hem

me round.

[He $ink$ in a dykig §lai$.

King (with agitoHon).
Alas I my wm, why this posture!

Queen.
Alasl alas 1 Why does he talk thus! {Beaiing kit
brtoiL) Help 1 help I My child is dying 1

MALATAVATf.

Ah ! my husband, you appear in a huny to leave us.

Jf mtTAYlHANA (tTffing to place hie hande (ogeAer).
S'ankhach(t(2a I place my hands together*

8rANKHACHi)/>A (doing eo).
Alas I the world is robbed of its master.

JlMihrAylHANA {ka{f opening hie egte^ and tooUng

ai hie father).
ikther, O mother I This is my last salutatbn«
These limbs retain no consciousness— my ear hears no
sound, however distinct the articulation— alas I my qre

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•4

IHB irloilTAirDJL

k fiwt daring— my father, these vital ain are quickly
leaYiog me in my powerlesMiess— but, •* Through the

I merit that I gain to-dajr bjr protecting a Niga at the
i»criiice of mjnelf, may 1 still obtain in succeeding exist-

j encesa body to be sacrificed for others.''*

[ffe/idU

Alas, my soni Alas, my child I Alas, dariing of
ihyparenUI Where art thou t Tellmel

Kma

Alas, child JimtftaTAhanal Aks, the dariing of thy

companions I Alas, thou possessed of all Tirtues, where

•rtthouf TeDmel {Throwing ^p hi$ lUmdt.) Alasl

alas I woe I firmness has now no h<»ne. Towhomcan

modesty go for protection! Who in tiie whole world

I now possesses patience t Liberality has ceased, and

I truth has yerily perished I Whither now can pity go,

itself worthy of pity t The whole worid has becmne

I Toid by thy departure to another, my son I

KaiatatatL
Ala% my husband I How could you leare me and
depart! O HaUyarati, how cruel you are 1 What do
you not desenre for Itring so long after your husband t

Princ^ where art thou gtme, fbnaUng these peoi^e^
dearer to thee than life itself t Assuredly now ffanka*
ehidawiU follow thee^

fn vlolir JUOiA. W

Alasl This noUe4nmded one is dead. WhatshaUI
now dot

QuiEK {looking ty wiik tean).
Oh revered guardians of the world, bring my son to
life by QHinkling him in some way with ambrosia.

GaxudA {joifMy to himodf).
Ah I The mention of ambrosia reminds me oppor*
tunely. I think I may yet wipe out my disgrace. I
will pray to Indra, and persuade him by a shower of
ambrosia to restore to life not only JbniitaTihana, but
all those lords of NIgas that hare heretofore been eaten
by me, and who are now merely skeletons. If he will
not grant it, then, — ^having drunk up the ocean with my
wings, and borne along by mighty winds of ever-
increasing violence, while the twelve suns fSedl fiunting,
bewildered by the flaming fierceness of my eyes,— I will
break to pieces with my beak the thunderbolt of Indra,
the dub of Kuvera, and the staflf of Tama, the lord of
the dead, and, having conquered the Oods in battle, will
at once by my own mij^t let fSedl an amlnrosial shower.
Here^ then, I go.

[Bxit^ ofltr waOnnjf round hoMghiit^.

ElMa
O diiM, gankhachiirfa, why do you still dday t Col-
led wood, and build a fiineriJ pile for my mm^ that we
too may go with him.

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THB VJLolirA»A.

ion, ffankhAcli&Ift, quickly get it ready. Thy
brother remaiiu in pain, without onr company.

S'AKKHACHii/'A {(eatfuUp).
Whaterer my parentu order. Am not I willing to
lead the wayt {Bm$ and buOdt a funeral pile.)
fiOher, mother, here is the funeral pile prepimd.

Kino.

Queen, why do you eUll weept Bise, we will

mount the pile.

[AU stand up.

f llALATATATi {hoKnff up wiA her hande together).

rcrercd Oaurf, it was promised by thee— ** An
emperor of the Yidy&dharas shall be thy husband.*!
How, then, in my case, wretched one that I am, have
thy words proved untrue t

{Thm eniere OAURi, a$ in hatle.)

OaurL
mighty King Jirndtaketu, assuredly this rash act
flmst not be done.

King.
OhI How can the sight of Oauri be in vain t

OAUnf {adirtuing MALATATATi).
Child, how could I prore untruet {CMng up to the
herOf and ipriniling him with water fnm a water^fot.)
I am well pkaaed with thee^ who eren ai the cost of thy

Tns vioisjjmx.

own life would'st benefit the world. Live, JimdtaviU

[The hero eUvude up.
King ijoufully).
Queen I joy ! joy I Our son is restored to life!

By the

Queen.
of Gauri.

JiMliTAViHANA

{having seen OaurI, putting his hands togtOur).

Ah I how should the sight of Gauri be in vain f

thou who grantest all desires, and removest all pain from

thy prostrate worshippers, protectress, I bow at thy

feet,— Gauri, ever celebrated in song by the Vidyi*

dharas I

[He falls at the feet of GaurI.

All look upwards.

Kino.
Ah ! what means this shower, when no clouds are
seen f revered oue, what is this f

Gauri.
King Jimiitaketu, this shower of ambrosia is caused
I ^' to fall by tlie repentant lord of birds, to restore to life
Jimiitavdhaua, and these lords of the NAgas, now only
skeletons. {Pointing with a Jlnger.) Do you not see
these lords of NAgas f Now they reach Sankhachdrfa,
their heads bright with the rays of their unveiled crest-
jewels— now they lick up the very ground in their haste

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THK MioiVAXDA.

to deroor the ambrosia with their two-forked tongues —
and now, hurrying along, they plunge into the ocean by
tortuous paths, like the waters of the rivers of the Malaya
hills. (Addrming the hero,) child JimdtarAhana,
thou art worthy of something more than the mere gift
of life, therefore this if my further blessing to thee — I
on this rery spot will make thee in a moment an uni-
rersal emperor of the Yidyidharas, having sprinkled
thee with purifying waters produced ready at hand from
my Minasa hike, only sullied by the dust of the golden
lotuses, shaken by the pinions of the wild geese,-^and
placed in jewelled jars created by my will Let the
jewel of the giriden wheel come first, then the elephant
with the four white tusks, and the dark coloured horse,
and next MalayaratL* emperor, behold these are the
the jewels which I give thee. Yet forther, — behold
these nobles of the YidyAdharas, bearing in their hands
chowries of the yak's tail, white as the autumnal moon,
making; as they walk, and bow, and bend their bodies
\om in derotion, rery rainbows with the rays of their
gems, — and among them the rillain Matanga and his
fellows. Tell me, now, what yet fbrther boon I can
grant theet

JlMliTAVJllIANA.

What boon can there be beyond this t ffankhachdt^a
is delivered from him who was the dread of all the
snakes ; Ganu2a has been brought to a better mind ;
all the lords of the Nikgas, whom he had ever eaten,

* TbtwliMl, tlM^lephMil, tlMliorM^Midih«qtiMii,sr«l<nirof
ths mnm jtwds (ntnioi) which dtetiDgvilah th« unifOTMl emperor
(ClHki«mliB)aBM»ftlMBiiddhisti. 8m LslitA-Yklsra, III.

TnS NioANANDA.

he has now restored to life ; my parents are yet alire,
through the recovery of my life ; imperial dignity has
been obtained ; and thou, O goddess, hast been seen
visibly present What further boon can I ask of thee J
Yet, grant that these words of Bharata may come true :—
May the clouds in due season let loose their showers,
exhiUrating the pea-fowl in their wild dance. May they
clothe the earth with green harvests in a continual suc-
cession! And may all my subjects, accumulating good
works, and freed from all calamities, rejoice with minds
untainted by envy, tasting unbroken pleasure in the
society of rehitions and friends !

[Ex€wU onnei.

END OF FIFTU AND LAST ACT.

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ADDITIONAL NOTES.

Page 1, line 9.
The werda whieli I render ** Buddha, the conqueror,** are Bwldho

fUUlh,

" Le nem de Ujina eet nn dee eynonymee de eelui de Buddha, ou
plaUH e'eel nn dee nombreuaee tfpithdtee qne l*on donne h un
Bnddha. II aignifie ffoiapieur dana nn aeoa moral et religieuz. On
aaii qu'il eet oommnn anz Boddhiatee et aux Djainaa.*'— DuRNOur

Fkge 90, line 18.

I hare tvaaalated ^tmdatuhlatd aa <<aandal-creeper/' aa the
St Pettreboif Diotionaiy only ezpUina laid by " Schlinggewaoha,*'
"Baiike;''lmttlMaaiidal-treeianotiMroperl7aoreeper. SankUum
Mum k deeerilied hj Boxhurgh aa haring a atem onlj a few feet
high ; it then dividee into nnmerona branohee, whieh apread and
riee in unrj direotion« forming nearly a apherioal head. Laid,
therefore, aeome to be need here to ezpreea the apreading branohee
of anj tree which ean be formed into a bower.

Tlie Stmialum attnai ie found in the mountainoua parte of
llalahar. Dr Buehanaa {Joumep IL. 580) aigra that it doee not
grow on the eoaat, but ie found on the eaatem aide of the weatem
Qhdti. The SutUtUmm (or $irimm) mjprt^/oUum appeara to be a
tree. Bozbuigh deeeribee it aa a "natiTe of the Ciircar
, where h k but of a amall alie^ and the wood of UtUe
or BO Talue.**

nuirraD ar aAu^imrNB and coMrANV
Ronfevaen a«o lohdom

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Bookbinding Co., Inc.

100 Cambridge St.
Charlestown, MA 02129

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HARVARD UNIVERSITY

ht^:/Aib.harvard.edu

If the item is recaUed, tiie borrower wiU
be notified of the need for an earlier return.

Thonkyoufor hewing us to preserve ou.

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Full text of "Nágánada; or, the Joy of the snake-world: a Buddhist drama in five acts"

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