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.cit,Vl,P189,N^"69 

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Quatremere: op. cit, V 1, . ;;_^ jl oU^ 01^1 ^Ij-^ l^\J\ ^LUp ^y Ip-.- jl^ c IJU AyKll 

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j-jkJij ijLJLlI ^ dLi LJ tJJLJ! IJL* i^JLs^ ^ dJLJLp ojujlpI JJj oLil 

|.jiJU .U-IS3I oJbJij il^l oli^ ai>Jl |.ljJL5 J^\ iJu^ -^iJb '«i*U^lj 

. '^yj tiUJL ojULS; c_^j . j^-'Vl oi^ 

^^^cT'JjjJ' V^J^J 4iybUaJl i^-jJUjI SjUp /i 

^ L^'L. ^ ^y^i ^j . j_^JlJI i^l ^ b\^ >ljl ^ Jcr-^l v*^-? ^U^-J 
<J (^jj tj_,^Ju ^ ^.JJI JU^ ^Sll Lfr:jUp J^l Ol^j .LfriLijI jj^l ^-j 

jJisaU iyL>Jl j_;-Jtj-J^' oUaUl (j-s-^j . aJUi-j jj-i-j ;j^\ '<^ j^ ;y> ,_r^UJl 
^Jl ^- ^UU i^LiJl ^^Jb-j .^.JbJl ^ ^.aJI JU5 c-^UJl J. oi-^1 a^ 

j5»jJ1 cLoJl^Jl SiU"^ jJL^Ij i JL>«JI /^.JLlI JU5 -uiiU .ly"^l jJ-^j .^Jj ^1 






^^ ^.jJi ^ o^Vi duui su^ /s 



V">'^ t;A*»- e-j»-Utf 



^'^^1 c_^^ OAU^lctiUl <'>^J j^l^l j^^..,.;^! dJUUl ^^^^1 ^"_^. ^.JJI 
^1 A^j ^^^[Olj^ ^.] ^5iLi ^ oj^^ ^.aJl JL-I ^ .u^ ^,jj| ^u ^Vl 

4jI >1, ja-o. ^'UI ,^^,^1 ^_jdl JU^ ^Vl vl^ ^jj i^J^\ II* ^^ij 

. >T ^V «^lj , ^UJI ^,^1 jUr ^bU il^ Jj 



xr 
•(o^) J^'^'c^CO c(0 c(r) 

•^•^c;^ ^^ 2:^^>->^^>-^'c>-^^l-c^l^f-L«; (V) 
•^•^cr^ ^^ 2;^tli^l>;l cl^^lji^lj cy.UilLi^U4j (A) 

Dozy: :^(^^^j .i,y :5^U .t^.Ujj^ J.,,^1 ^_^U]| >! .^^^ly. :i.^l (\.) 

. (Luzeme, foin, Fourrage) : ^^^1 iiUJ^l Jl . Supp. Diet.. 



* .-.^^^^_— ^^^^^— ^..^^^^^^I M^^^^^^M^^^^ 






(•V) 



(.JLpj JUJI JcJ.\i . Jij\i 'Ul» je«-JU oUiLJl ^y . 'o^ ^ji A5UI viy Jl 

»Ua^I ^ ^LJ L^j:> Ui jcV-J dr- -^^ "J"^ *-*-! V^J^ ^''-'' "^ f^ c^ lP 

^4^ J5 Jl ^^j c^l^UJ ^U-I ^:^-sSj A^dii\ c^- ^U>JI J>j . J^ljSdj 

;pU^ ^1 j^ j^\j ^^ss jLo^i dJULJi ojJj ^\yi J^\j 'M «:jLkLJi 

J^j] r^,j>^\j ,>-JLLJij iii^l SijLi-j :>L:>^^'I J^ 3Jj "^'^ J-^ cs^ 
.I>DI .':^>*» :61M-JI Jli ^' ..i^iil jU^lj ^L/'^lj -l^^ll v'-H rl--~J 

.JU cJl^j . JLJIj ij^l C^J j^' JWJI ^j J^^ J^*^l c.^ ^J • J^" ^^"^ 
ouL- i_^lj jVJij a-i!l5 cOlj^l J^^l .>• ^j^j J^l o^>Uiv.l ^i^j toU-l^l 

.TT . TT i ^ a 2^ ijUp'yij Jipl^l 



<0 O^^. j»j>ji c^^ j,.^ J^ Ja«Ji jL^l ^i^ ^_^J^| jjj ^^_^| 11* J ^U.^*^ 

^^UJI ii-fj . ;^U. jOiJl li^ S^ ;JL^ j^ jijU . «JUJ| j^. jip'^j Jjj. 
o-^l^lj ^I>J1 ^ 0^1 j^_ jjj coU5>Jl ^'^[^L^] vlLL-Vlj OU^I ;pL^ 
. •jJ^\ pj ^I! jU^Vl cJ»,jl3 . ;pU^ 0^1 VI pj.>j .^LJI ^Ljlj 
(.L^ ^Vl oU. ;^L^ olkJUl ^j i_J| ^ ^Vl ^j ^ ^U ^j 

. aJU-j^j OUaUl oljjp ^ 4il ^Li 01 -t^j-iJ U Js. <^j^^ ^U-j t ^^ 
^Xj toty oox^l OS cJlJj ciijx5L.)/l gci^ yU. olUJi ^j :L^j 
^!j c i^xOxlL ^jj*Jl 015UJI >^j dU JL; ^li jlJJU- ^I ^.jJl jp ^Vl dUI! 
ill-! j_^. ^ ^^ ^jJl JUr ^Vl j^j 1 4JL s/Jb- 6>J iJL* JU>.--- ^Lu. 

j.J\ 6LL ^.jJl ^Ju^ ^Vi Ji oiUJl ^I (.jLi- c Jj\l t^iU^ ^ : \^j 

V^j SU^ ^Up ^y.j i-iUlj ^!>UJ1 ^L (.U:l*:jU (.LJi Jl o-^^L ^JU ^1 
^'-'•iUicu-' -^1 -i-ii • - 1 II ■ I • t. . 1 t. . .. t. ...... 

cJlJj cjl::iiJ ,j--^Uo >liJl J..^ s^Vl ^^iU^ ^ i^_,Vl yuJi J J 

<jiiSSj cjijSiL jj^^uij iUaJi i^ ^ oUaJUi ji cJUj l**Suj'uj»jU.I 

I.L.>>* Jl :^j Ui c^l ^ 15U ^ Uj Ol Jl .1^1 d!5Ui i^ J5 ^ 
U4-- A^jj J:>iU .^>Vl U-frJ ^JJ OU^JLJI c^Jb ^ ^1 \^.^]j [SL^ 

•« * "^ ^ ' ^ 2: '^Mj^ ^^' ^y =^iiJ :«ijS^i uri u (r) 

.o\> ^ ,\ ^ cc5Ji>W il^Jl ^ jv—iJlj .jl^L «;juJlj ;juJl» : j^Vl ^y (0) 
s-il^ v_.iSUl ^ .liUI j] oil»LJl .jx^_ u oU>!lj . t^lyj ^|y_, oUL.y 2:..^ : OL.>!l (1) 

. Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. . ^_,^Uj ,»^_.^- 1^ ^_ ^UiJlj ,^^|j 



^ ^y.j i-iUlj ^!>UJ1 ^l (.L^^jU (.LJi Jl o._^L jJU jj 
.S|I^I_^Lj 'i-l^lj i^UJl oU^I ^ >J|j cjjj^l JU.JJ 

A fe * ft 



^.jJi ^u ^Mi v-^ r* <>-"^' ^'~^' ^^^^ ^ '^^^*^' t*^^ ^' '=^-' 

.aJlp cJy (.-»jj i-aJI i_y^Uj tSy^'^ 
JjUJl jlJb 4—^^ j^S 



^1^-. .} ^ s^\^\ o_^. i\L>ivS\ jJlp1» :sUiJl (^UJ oUaLJl jUi .a. jLcS 

JLp oyiUo ^.^l^Jl ^\^\j ^l^y-r^ ^^\ Jl^b ''"i^L^ t-^l >^ '^-^- 
Up JUJI o^*:l-Ij . ^Jb j»j.^!j ^L-JI 9-Uuj Aj^i\ ^\y ^^j ^jj^^S 



jL.^ I_^j jt^ ^iL^ ^ ipU^ Ol OLkLJl ^ i>Sll tS^L*^ t/J 
,|ju^ ^"^^[^Jjl^Jl] ^'^jLil o^.aJ1 -i- :r^J ^JJ "'^^^^ to^-"^' -^ 

.o^ ^ lyJI jLi-l ^ ^....ii^l ulJuiJl^l iT'\Ou^ a jr "JlA^I r^^" :ii^l 

.(jLal):ii>JI^ (0) 



.Ik^fj cOK. ^.^1 ^i_, ^Vl ^!j c^l j^Ij jUaJUl ^Uki .S^Li^ .1^1 
J^^J '^'^t5^*- ^>. ^Llj cy.-^S j^ jJi\j ,l^\J^ AjJ\ SllSj .eUUJLl, 

V«-Jl *^}^ Oj^Jl^J .l^'^\j ^_^\ yLJl ^ 5JLP 4Xj>w»J liJLiyi .>^U 

. ° [5^] j^jj ^MT ;*.jIj j^jj ^1 5JU ^y.j (._^^| ^ ^^ iVj ^ ejy 

Jl5o :^U^. ^Ij Ul^ ,j_^ ^p^i ^ja.^\5^^ ^liL j.^^ ^!j >v/| 
jl>. cdllJl ci^LU Ul :c-._^ aJj .i>^ i'Ui%*_, ^1 ^vly oJj J! ^Ji 
:>VI ^j ,^^^ ^ ^^jLw ^ ,.i_j|_, ,^u,| ^ ^^^^ J ^^,_^ ^ j^l 

t5U;Mi j^^ ci-u^j ,y^j ^\ -^ ji^ yt^ ^ti ^^_^^, ^^_ ^_^ 



^ c ^ ^ 'ii>.>-i! Jjl-Jl >;l . Ui^ .iUL. (Charles of Anjou) ^1 JjU L» •.J^:,\\ (y) 

JXlo^j ^UJI ^^)L- ^ji ^ ^ijU; ;jul« oip -o ^^1 jl^ c aJI jLlJI ._,L:sai ol (r) 
. Lane - Poole: A history of Egypt in the Middle Ages, P. 266 : Ja,\ . klL^ 



^.jJl y> *Si\:\j Sy^UJl JU.JI .iJLUJi ^j . oj ^ o J^l o^J oSj . i-^UJl 






. «iLJl ^\jjj iJllaJLJl viLJUJl 

UJij ."^ci^jJi a-- o-^i ^iJUUj r.yLp syLp ij^ ^Mi JU. uii .i.-^ 

J^j J ciL-j OLkLJl v^j v>->l ^J ^^ ^-' • -^^ VJ^-^^' i^-^' 



io_^l ^ j^_, i^Ji* Lliw isii jl c._-»i 0^ ioy J5Li A^lj ^y (IJ^. I v^ cr- <>-> 



i^b v-iJl ^Vb ^^^obl^l, i^l <^>[^|^|,] <^>^L^I ^^ 1^, 

Uj . ju.. oVT 5^^ .1^ ^Vi ^H\ ,y^\ ^ oiji^i ^ j^. ^jui jir_, 

jj^ J^ oU^LJl J,^_, : jLi . ^^.^^^ V .iUi a*, ^a^- Uj , jLl>^ ^vT s^l^ 
^^ .iUi oLkLJl ^ ^ ,j^j| s^ ^u^L ^LJ, j^^_j . <iiu. jJL- :LJi^ 



«X.mou{ 



i^^lj .t^'Vlj il^jJUJl 

(V) 



I* I (V) * ^^ 



. Quatremere: op. cit, V 1, p 243, N«" 1 18; Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar.) 
<~J>!I SjL*JL; i^jji L^^ ^j . ju^i _,jL^ j_^ ^_^. ^, ji,^*y, ^ _. ^LJLJl ( > ) 
«Les bandes plus ou moins Large, qui srrent La poitrine du chevab>. Dozy:' : ; _ li - i| 

. Supp. Diet. Ar. 

«Des plaques de metal ou autres, qui decoralent le hamais du eheval». Dozy: : 4_JLJ| 

. Supp. Diet. Ar. 

o-J ^ oi^j .^:«^i ju^ ^t IkJi .% ^ ^Lv, j^i_, ,^_^| ^ ^_^. ^.u^, ^'^i^^ 

. Dozy: supp.Y H ^ . ! ^ cOl-OJl ^^ .^^^i o^'l, . j,^- oU^:^ ^ o^'l, 

Diet. At. 

. ( \ ) ^-j Vil- ' IV ^ . T ^ a^ljJl ^_^| : ^,^ ^jc ^1 . Ul^ ^Jl ^ ^jLi 






(Y) 



JL^wJldJlUl 



X.J 4,.Jii> i»U- J.**. oUJlJI ^j i-Jl ,>^ SJ*i3l liS ^U ^j : JIS 
^ ,J JL^cJl dJUUl ^j ^Dl J^li . oUaJUl ^ -x^l .iiUl ob^ odiJli 

^i;^ ^jj\ ^..^ ^Sfi o^ij ^"'[^L-Sfi] ,>Ji :haJi >^ ^Sfi o^.i 0^ 

^ ^.JLlI (.L^ ^Sfl JLlj^ /'^^ o^.JLlI .i^ ^Ml ^JJ ^c^J^I ^^^[>^Sl!] 

.^^j Sy^UJL .I>UI .L.!j |.l::.Vl ^ i^L^ S^--^ ^^ Jr^ f»^" ^ ^^J 

(^ ^-! ^LJI ^ ;*U^ JLiij .^ -o^liJl ^^^ j^ i^l -^ ^J 
sl^l l4*.j .l^--i: J ^\^^\ cy ^U a- (r^-> »>^ ^-i^ Gf^' ^^ ^-'^ 



. «OjJl ^J~ IJ^l» : ck*^' s^ C^ 



cH^' cTjtsJ Oi-ill o^j >»Ui3l dUUl jlkJUl jU-l 



11 



J-^' J^J c^Ui Jl ;rlX:.^J UL 






0^1 .U-j -U*-^ Oi>l O^J ^j ^^^U^,^ JLp'l-^sU cUAjyj UAO^b 

c3^U,i J .i^Vl ^,^ ^j .uiili c^- ij^.^ i_^i ^_^ yu ,^^| 

^ l^ E^ ,1^1 J ^^ , ;,iU, ">ix^ c^^ . l^ 0^^ L^^:;^. 



(«)r— 1-. 



[AilL^Jl .L>._^ cij^l y^j |JI^_ l^ \^\^ ^1 ^ijJi 
■^ '^'j ^.^^ Oi-^l ^-V- ^Vl ^^ Jli Oir oUaUl Ol ^' V^ Jli 

^^-' <^-^l i^ ^^-^1 ^ L^^- U^Ij cir^ diJUl Jl ^jjbijjl ^.xll 
c-V- ^Vl .^^ c..Ui ^^l\ ^^ :;i^l o^ .uiiJl .^ u^ij /^^:L'U:l-j 



.^JJL«U.4_i;l^I^li, :j^Vl^ {\) 

■^IJ J^J^ji !>U .OY^ ^ . ^ ^ ,J^I ^ ul .^\i^y^\jj\ .JU ^ (Y) 

£^lvl^oJ^L^i^|_,,0Y^^,^^,^^_^ijUJ^|^;.Lj^^5UJl^'u (o) 

.SU^- ^r^_, c Ul . Ui ^ JsUiJi J ^V Oi^l 

. i^^ .ilUI Jl J^^l iUI ^1 j^ U ^Ij (1) 

. U 1 Y jliJi ^.^- /^^ ^ .UjVl (.J, l^jl jilj, (V) 

. J.,Ja^lj A.-..l»-.k.,tll -w , ^1 -^ L* (A) 



Jl J^LJI ^j ..J^AJlj ^j^lj JU^iiil :r- o-^^ »-^ ^^^^ ^'V^' *^-^' 
S^U .l^>^ ^ L,^. ^.^JLp IjjL- ^* c oLj^l ciiL- Js. ^\^ ^j ^^!T -0^^ 

. .d^L- J> Jlp A^j. SL^\ ii-^j ^jj\ 

• J-^J^^ Oe-^' -^^ ^J>" 
iij^^ ^o^\ h^'jl 1-^' r*^ V^' ^-^^ '^^ 'J^' ^ a* ^ J>-^' 

Jl U>^ o .iooj o^j .-.biai IJL* oJLLP liHl sUlUI ^^IS li-lj : J15 



^^ y.UiJi oi ' vr A ^ . ^ 2^ iJ>-Ji ^ ijj ^j ' «-UJL; j^Mi J-Jj . cv^i j>". /^ <> 

. oUJUi ^uJi -Op ^- oi ^b ' cy ^'^ 'J^ r^y. ^.'-^ J-J^ 

. . Dozy: Supp. Diet. AiAXK y i T j^ 

.0 ^A ^ c ^ 2: 'i^>.>^ ^>Ji a' c=-^b ■ «^ii-^ij» : J^^" sfi (^> 



^ . 

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^^ V-^ c> '^^ *^^ *>.^< ^^ |*^.-i5Jj 

jl <^j c^UVl ^j .0^1 S^U J^j .^y.^'^\ JLP 4^_, ct5>^1 ILLJI 

OL^I ^ lo^I 1_^^, % c.^1 5jU^ ^;>^l 5,..*JLp'.^.>::5a ^ c_.^j Sjly. 



oUdAjl 



^>JI ><^L>Jl ^_^ ^_^ 



^^^ 6^1 



•J^^l ^1 <^ <- ^O^-j c o^. c_.y. ^ jl^ ^ 4i\ .Lkp ^.Jdl ^A_, j^_jLL:. 



JajL>u 



Aij . .L-j^l ^^j ,[^j . j^,^A_j| ^LJi jj^i ^ _jj^| ^L^j^ JL* jJQ,! ^ : jUJl ( \ ) 
' ^ jr '^1 jM-I ^y ^--axi^l : loiJI J . OUU ,_,>^ /Uil jli- jl jli ^ iJ^i j.,,cl-I 

. . Encyclopaedia of islam: Art khakan, KhanY \ ^ 

.YA. YV ^ cY J, c jl^l (.^ :^_^\ o^L .j_^. ^> ^^ 

.n \^ c V J- cj|i^ ii>' oi"^ i^ljJl (.^1 >;! (0) 

UJ yijJ i.^xSL.>l\ J ;.LxU ^Ij .^^j jL«Jlj ^Ulj ^ojVi ^ ^.o^l ^_,j_, ^- 
:,iAi^l iYio cYir^ cVj^.j.LJljX.,^1 :cii^ji>;^l .,.' \YVi/^ iVY c-- 

• «J'^ jrj-^ 0»-»J ivr a:^ ^j;» : aJj . \ YA ,_^ if j- coLi_^L JUI 



jUu:i ,>,-4^. ij^^s c^^u^ cP ^JJ v^ .^-^^^ oc^-? ^^' ^ '^ ^-^-^^ 



(n) 



^«^' 



1 iif. . . ;\jT 1 ' £ _; ill v. ^« . *i li (J v<»-L...xt.Sl jii j '"Aj cJj<^j 



.ioA lion jy tO £iAjy» ti ^ 

. . Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. i V ^ ^yj ' ^ ^ ' V^ j-^-^' '• li-^^-^-*!^' 

^ jJb ^ ^SIL J^_^b ii-^l O^'J >*-» ' ^' ^^ ^->^ ^^*-^- ^-' • ^^"^^^ ^ ^^ 

. . Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar.r 1 Y ^ c o j- c ,^Sll jc^ : ciXJ-iii!! • it>gi 

^ c jljJLJl ,».«- : tS^^I OjiL . a^i ^> ^j . J^^b ^'-^ C^. h.Hr^ '-^ = ^>' ^ ° ^ 

. «;l,Uy>b : J.^*^! ^ (V) 



>^^^ o'jsi Oi-iJt o^j y»l^l dUUl olkUl jU-l 



Jl ^A^I ^^Ij .L'U^j ^^,^_, ^^,^'1 i;_ ^L^^ ^^ ^_^ ,^ ^_^_^, 



C:;;'-' LT^ 



• '^^ ji^J Jkj^j V-yj ycr^i 
. J^X j\X£^\ ^y^yi\ ^sj ^_j, ^L^ ^^, .^^^ ^^j -^1 ^j^ ^^ 

c^o^ ^ M -..[^y ^ jUj .^UJL .ij^^l .^1,>J| ^U ^ jU^ 

(^ cuii;ij c^xxij cLj, .iu*. ^^u ^Ai^ dulj c'jjjJL dU:>L-j ctkji^ 

r ; ^J-^ ^. ^ ^-^ ;*li c^>I ^y:^ ^Ul SU\ c^Lj . Ai:^ of dJL- 
^ liL^l ^1 c.i^U c j;i oli::| ^ ,^ .^:::^ ^ui .ilUl i.a^ Jl cJLiJi 

l>l^j 'r^ ^^i ^j A^jlSfj o^VjIj aSj^\j y. Jiii caUIj y. 4iL ^Ij c^!5Ul 
cJ^^L ^^i^\ ^I ^j_, .u^ ^_^, ^^ ^_j_^ VI ,_ji. ^. |J ^^^^...^1 ^ 
Cy.^\ .L^ .^I Jl ,^^^1 <jLi , ^- ^ ,__- ^Ljy, ^i;uLJ| OLLJlJI jl J^j 

^ II* Ji^ ^-l^. UJI ^^ ^U ol : JUj _^V Jl L«JL^ ^u5Ul ^i 
i-U^ ^\^ ..J jSl ^ ^|^_ j^_ ^ ,si: ^V '"^^^ .^;^IJ Ur oo^lj 



. ^\j tk- y>j , j^Vl iJis:^ : lU (r) 



v^ 



e^Ull ^^ c^\ 0^. ^1^1 JIUI oUaUl ,1^1 



,<up i<w^l JjjJ W-^^ y 






0^1 ol5j cjl.ljJiJI cy. ^'^^ >y-^' J^-^ ^"^^ <>-^ '^^ r^"^' s?^ 

. ^_jji ^u oUiJi ^isj oikui j,^vi>H 



•^1 



f./^^' 



-oy.UJL ^L.j jyJui j^ c.lJLi ^ :^.aJ1 ^ v-^' .1^ U > ^i ..^ 



sH^' o^J^ Di-^' Cj^j j^^\ ^iiUl jlkUl jU-l 



VY 



iijj ^\ ^ Uii c jUJi oj_^ ^U ^^ ^ JL._, oLkJUl l^ 



!>::::- iU ^_^ oLkLJl of c^^UiJl ^a,f ^.^l ^ ^Vl ^^ cc^ ^_^j 

a- ^ [VI] 11^ J^l L. 4,b c4,l j;l : J J^- ^^ ,L*.a^. ^^ i\^\ ,s^\ 
^\ M ^J <\^ ^^\ L. U! : jUi .(.u,! i_:^ ^^ ^f ^. ^1^ ^^ 

U ^b :cJlij coU ^jUj L^U c.^^ .:l^l- ^ ^XL" J cJUi .^f^ 
^j ^^.^ of VI i^ <J ^y ^^ jLkJU, ^^ "^4^1^ ^j^^ ^,^ ^_^^j 

. -u^ j.aiJl jiJS t ^ ^ jL^Lij t ^jijf 

dUJi ^.,.1^ ^j c^^^olkLU <^^^.|^ ;IpU^ ^^f^ , j^, ^^ ,i^.^s^l 

. i3>Jl v-U. .1^1 diUl <"^^| oUiP ^.^1 >j j,_^| 

• -^^^^^ ,y JU: 4il .Li jl c c/i: L, ol^_^|_, olj>J| ^ 0^1 
o_j^| c^^- of J i,^.^^! L^L , rJi , Lkjo olkLJl ^ . 2- Jl . U ; . 



• *^*^' ^y V^ U^ voj-aJlj «L.» : J^Vl ^ (y ) 
•'>» =^J J^.-^ ^cS-Ml Ol c t.jVl ^ J oJl^ 0^1 ylj. J ;,ui Ol viJUi . x^\ 

. Quatremere: op. cit, V 1, p.75. N^" 88 : viJLJi J >-| ^ Lu jl 

.JLJI 4j.^ j^^:;.wiJ|j i^» : j^Vi J (0) 



^^^^oJaiJl jj-aj_^ (.-'JJ tAPliljl (l)l_^jJl j^i Jaiw-jj 4;-jPl^ j-~^j LjJ J.**j ^_^I 

5Juj>o JJLMflJj ti^LpJl At-*^J ^jl-^-^j^' cr^ o^lj^lj S:>jLUlj ^^AlJlj 

OJ^U tSy^UlU UtUi SjUo jU c^j tS>S!l t5:»U;r J ai^I oJU ^j 

-dliS jJ>j J:>UJt *jj ^!j tijJuJU cJI^Sfl ^Js' LiSj jlS'j t^y ^j Sj^^^^lJl 
^Lij . ;>Ja^'^l Jip U^i ^L^^lj ^.^Ij JUUJI ^ ^^UJ Jbry c:Jl5j 



.\oY-\o\ ^ 
tjb :^yliJlj tSjliJl IoLjwj by UaJ^I t^;;---jU j^^JiiJ ^y ^^ y^j tjbly '^b • V 

Ji ja; j^" c5jii-Ji ^L eii oi^ ^jJi Jji J <i\Sj c5jb-Ji dJL^ ii^b ^<iL^ o\^^j 

Butcher: the story of the church of ^i . ^b3l (^j^-^'' ^^' ^^" c> c^J^-^' •^>^ <J^ ^V) 

.Egypt.Vl.pXIV,V2.P165 



. jjjU jj-i\j ,^^y^ ^ A^I ^Vlj .L^ ^ ,_^_p ^.jlJI O^ jJ^\ ^j 

'^"^^A Jl Lf- V>*J 'V^l r*^ -i^^j 01^ Jl *^j^\ ^b-Vl iJjJL^j 
jU.^1 Jl ^""^C J-l j] Asryj . Jl^l ^ UUaSI .Lkpli ^!>U1 ^ <«^Ij ^1 ^^j 

j^ t j^*Jl ._JJ, ^ OLkLJ! J^lj J^ly ,JL J\ v^V <u>lj ^Uail J2j>\ 

l^is:^ t^°^j4i^lj oVVlj ^U^lj JbJL^Jlj c-.Li^Vl <:)lkLJl j^ :l^j 
^^*^j JI_^Vl ^ jiilj .^5_^| eiijjJl (.^1 SjL^ ^U:)/ SUj ,>-.*i-j 4i%* 

^ j^l ^.aJl ^^^j^j Jxi- (^jj-*Jl J-^ ^ i^jU ^.oJl c-.l^ jJi\j ,Ji U 



. on ^ , > ^ 4 t5ji>iJ iJ^i ^ 5iUj ^j^^\ ^ u (r) 

• iJ:r'^lj "^V 'J^^^l ^li^^ ^ I . Y ^ I > ^ <-i4y.j^^ ^S^\ >l (0) 



VO ^Ull ^jTA Jt^^ C^J y^l 'i^' i"»^' ^^' 



ilkLJl 



. L^Ua.L ^IjiJl c^j SjiSc^ 
ij;>.L-j^lj U^JJI JUj^''^! i>^L-^ ^j-^l ^Wv v>^ "f^J -^' c?'-' 

c^ J . ^'^^5^ dUuJl Jl '^j^j .-^UJI iilAll ^. oiJJl t}^ ^y VJ 
Cjs^ci ^LLJL iikUl v^U ,.^^1 Oi-J^l J*-^ ^'"^l ck-J '■^*^' ^'^ J-> 

^*^^l^ h»Ji sUaJi ^>- /S 

jLjlJIj SykUJL ^UiJl OlkUl ^y i'Ui^j ^^-x-j ci.^* Ill- oAxUl ^s'^ J 
^si^4 ^Jl JU^ jJ^\ ol ciJUi Vr-J -L^^ V*-^ J^ '•'-^ ^j'"^ "i^-^' 

. Demombynes: Op. cit, introd. p. LXX : >:i j .>»i-V<\^^ ^>^2:' *-^^* 



tijUiJi ^.aJl jo. ^U]| ^ Ijb l_^li.l (^I ^^^^.j^- ^Ul .iUUl Ori ^ ^^ 
ci-xi^o.! ^.jJl JU^ ^S/l Ii.U idUi JJ oiij L^I l_^^| ^[ij jL^ ^*jj jlj 

j^ (.^1531 (^. jOi tclUiJ 61UJI ^;^«i*li .«4JU! JU JL ,Jiji\)> : Jli ?«^| 
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luiui Ae^Sj ^'^^j^i >- :;ijai ,j^ jM\ js> ^yLii\ /s 



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(.Lj J Uil c^- U5 -ojlj_pi Jjj . ^i ^S ^jLi- U5 t^^l Ap-_pij Sy^UJL ^* 






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t^y.JLll >j J>'\ U :4jI::^ o> ^ OLkLJl -oU-li tdUS oLilj o^^l ^ -JjOu 

•^ ljJL5 Jai-I ^.JJI r\^ -oULiJl ^li Jj Uj I L«Jul ^ ^ ^ i3lA^I Jl 
aI!^j i^ Oi^L*ij i«-*5- t^U^ -oil -uj-j ^M^J oU^I *-L^ ^^5 qa (t-f^J tjj^bJl 

o^ L5->^ oi^' JL^ ^'"^i u5^y *^W^ J*^^ <>H^' r^- C^ ^^' ^^ J^ 

SyLJl ^y-^ Lwit^ t liJaJ L^ t bl^ U.W U/ LLi^ <^^J : J-^'"^' cyjJ^- 



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v'-^ J-»^ •j^ J^^ 

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^jA, y, J— >JI li*J . ^._^l aJj-o-^-jj l*LJl j^^ JJi^ ^S^\ j^\ jAj kIJJjVI 

OlkLJl d\ dUSj : LjAiu. ^^*-^. (J ;._p.pl aJ ji;lj . ^^J\J ^^j L^ UJ i v'^ 
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'-A^^J cr^l^ J^ <J^j o^ -u*^ ^ji Jl jA. ^Vl : ^j dUJJ sV^l ,-^lj 
"CjU* oI/.L^ Uii tOUaJLJl <u jv^j L. ^ ojj-o-fj if-LwjJl Ijj«.*^j oLwsVi 
(v*^ _^!j dUJU OUaJLJl j\2i i^_;>Jl ol^jl ^;it*. c^>^l ^^\ dUi t3>-j 
ULJ ^15 Ij^lSli c <uL^ -o_^j .Ul 5^LJ (..^ jJuci . viUS ^^uy *j^iU!j 



.J^VUiSU, (Y) 

. f \ Y n ^ui ^yt; /^_^l > r .u^i ^_« gjl jii_^_ (r) 

Le strange: G, palestine . uVl ,_^ p— VI iJL^j joJI «_,«_, i c_Jl _;pJI ^ .__a. Jl i^ 

. under the Moslems, p 52, Quatremere: op. cit. V 1, p 32. N"" 37 

. «jlx<JU : J..^Sfl ^ (0) 



.^ jiisaij i^>ji c-juJi ^ ;^.^i jlp oyio oir ui.> ^'^ijL^ ijji^_^ 

^y ^LJI ^\j ^jSJl IjiUi t j$LJl Ajj U j>)l i^ Jl* J^Uo-j ^Ul ^SLJIj 
^j J> .U-j cjb^l dUi ^j .Ul J^Uo- ^* cjUJI ^>. ;~gi Ji JJL3I ^.u: 

Jlip L^jLoJu j>_^j-Jl SJbJbjJl jlJdl SjUp cJL.liJ Uajl ^jVl i^:>U^ lyj 

Jl oUaJLJi J^j Uli . jlil. ^! ^ c5?C^' Cy.-^^ ^'-*^ ^^' ^-^^ • "J*^^' 



. Le strange: op. cit. p 52; Quatremere: po. cit. V 1. p 32, N^" 37 : ^1 (T) 

.oa^ .\ ^tt5jd>JJii>U!^5iij^,,5UJi^u (r) 



t^i^^^«.«^i ^^,ji |ijUtf ^Sfi jiSj 4i«:iL-j 

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J^l O^.^l i^ ^"^1 '^^ ^i ^T^J -y^j"^' C-^^ ^"^' 



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JUi Jl* .JJjj .d\jii\ -o^\j2i L^j /^^JiU^lj ^SJ^\ ^.A^l ^---i '^'J-*-^ 

aSLj ^ f^j 4 i._>«^l oykUJL ^UJ ^j ^U- Ji*w>^ Jjl jjo ^UJI I JJkj 

^ - 11 - 11 . 1 1^ 

If ariaiiil III 



Ij/ij ^UJI Jl Ij^^a^ U*^l ^ji d\S liU c ^UJI ^U- Jl Ijli ^ t5>ilj 



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JLMI ^^I .UUL y^Ukil cUUUl OIUJI ^I .i'L^j ^^^j ^^.^ i^ ^j 

•JUV^ c/Jl s>iiJI SjL^ c^l U : Jli .aJjUp ^L jl^ ^ ^^ ^ ,;l> 

>R-j c-^ Ol J^ JU.JL ^y o_^T A^lj ^>^ ^j VI L«.*::i- ^ j^. ^Jj 

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.^UJI .U^ j^l ^\ ^U^ Ji j^^ ^» ,(^)^JL! ^01^1 ^ij ,^^ii 

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tOL._pl jJl5L-I til^lj ,»^lj L^^l oUJL. teiiUl d^jlj ,jL^S\j dj^^^\j 

gJjiJi 015 i^ Ui^ ^^L i^ly ^.JLiJl Jl uLkJUl ^ SjUJl cJu5 LJj 

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JUI ^ JL^j . ^** ^1 ly,-^ .Ui JU 0^1 Iju. ^ OL^j . (.>J1 ^ c^ 

Vj-* c^* jL^I V*-^ fl-^lj j-^ cf^l -^Jlj-^ ^t ^y^J^ t^i oJLi tUJL^l 

(.liJl ^ ^ 4)1 J_^j oojj ^_jO| ^l^ ^_^UJI cJi- U : JU 4j! o. J^ 

j^ i_^UaJJ c-iijj ji,\i c^j j^^i c.Jutf LJj t^ 4bl Jj^j UjLi^j U_^ 
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^ -13 c^' ^1 J_^j oU ^ij; "^ \JSj liJ -ojUl : dilj>. ytj c^ 4)1 J_^j 
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jL>Ji oip >;l . KjJ^l j^-j jUiJl J->U*1 l^jiJIj <j l^jdu t jUdl JUj jlkJUl j^^Uai 
King: the knights :^\j A\ ^ ^^A ^ t^^^^^^ ^j\l oLgJj cTTo^ ^c^-^^^h^ 

. hospitallers in the Holy Land, p 262 

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. Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. Quatremere: op. cit. V 2. P 13. N^" 14 r • '\ ^ tV ^^ ^,^^^1 

(.U-^B IV ^ to^ct^juJLaiilJ^^^Vi j^^^^ijjU-^ :5^Ui (T) 

. Quatremere: op. cit, V 2, pp 194 - 195 : l^\ J^\ . «dUju .^ t j-iJJl ^VL -u-il 

^ cl 2^ t-u^ jj-^l : t^.v;..t.,aUll . t^UjlS o^Vl olUJI o-jj JIp jUpIj c<.LJl ^UJl 

. . Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar.AA . VV 



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. Quatremere: op. cit, V 2, p 65. N^" 77 :>;lj n« .io'^ ^ 40 j^ t,_^Vl 



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i*Jip io^ -d oJlJj tc^UJl ^y 4>i^t ^j tpUbJl ^jJU^ pVj JLAj:j ^jL^Jt 

fr £ 4 4 

^"^^^^,^1 jU^I J) yhUail dUUl aUaJUl ^y /i 

tlr* c5^J J^b tciUi j^ <^^^l jU«j>Jl ^^^ (jUaJLJl pJ-p (^^ LJ : Jli 
^j tjt:> ^^LJI c^jj-II t>il iri^^ *J^-^^ -r^'"^' ^-^^^-^ 4^Uj>- :^y>-j t4-^^^ 

S-^Ls^l J-iLiI L^L- ^^ t<^.>r^l iijJuJi ^_^1 J-^jj t^,^! ^;JLp ^s^\^ ^J 
^_^j '»^rr^ iSJ^^J *yU oliJLsAj (jJL^ais ti>t>Jl (j'^ (j-^^ t^ ij^ '^' ^j-^ 

Jl J^. ^Ji .^. ^1^1 o-I jLJj . v^l JI (^ (^ ^Ut ^^l J^\j v^l 

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.oA\ ^ c \ ^ clJ_^l ^ j^j>wdlj .«/!.» : J-^Vl ^y (i) 



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Ay\jt4\^\>yJ^\j (n) 

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jUaLJl jl cillij . Ai^l ^iyLil lj>^:>^\ Js- ^,y\j^\ V-^ i-Jl JLA Jj 

ol t^U ' ^'^'^ ^^ Ji ^-^' j'j^lj li^l ^.j-^l t^b jl^^^l Jl ^y ^ 

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sUiil ^li ^ ^,^. J^l J ^.jJl ^^^ sL^l ^\i i\ij ^\s : l^j 

•• ■• •• 4* V «• 

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t>iii ^ikji dJUUL] jjj . ij^^i ^ijjL jjs:!, Ljj Suu Ljlp o\Sj . i'U^^j 

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• 6i^J ir^ y^ "^ "J^J ' ij^ 
^\y\ ^ j.*^ 4)1 x^ _^I ^.jJl J^! ._kiJl (.U>| ^1 ^_^- : LfrJj 

^^1 i^y^ J ^.IkJi duui ;->^ 5i^.^i jLjdi Ji jixiij . ^ii^^i ^ ^.jdi 

(»-^^*-" '^^ J>yj ■ ^_? J ijri*-: ^j^ (jf^UsJi ^UJI ijLki- ^yj . 14^ JjJ 



.Bo-Ljjx :J^Ml^ (Y) 



c^l (._^. -0^ ^ ^-Ja^l c?^j . ^IJU J-^j ._J^j ^1 ^ ^ «-^lj ^>- 

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ol^ Uli . UjJI jj^l ^>p 2:>-' ^-"^' ^' J^'-' '■^'-' '^^' ^-''^' '^-^' '^-^^ 

c:Jj oL. Jj^^l ^j ^.y^pj (i^U y.j Jj^^l ^.^- Oir^ o^^' ^^'^' J^ c?^ 



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>* U-i Xji^o, (.^1 ^ |^^i^_j ;JU.^| J^.,c^_ ^u y.j (.L'VI ^;^ J Up 

ou^i ^ jikLJi .,.>^ . ui >. jikLJij |jLi ^5>! ^'jj ^;vi Jl .^ 

Jl ^^ ^JJ Jc^^L; ^Ul y,\ ajL^ ijjj Jl^_, . OLkJLJl Up ^ (v^i-jLL. 
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OlkLJl jUi . ooip .lyvi ^ o>j >i'Vl ^U- ^.jJl ^..^ ^^|_, CjIUJI Jl 
. !^^ U -Oilj cUp _^ Uj ^^i^l IJu J\ ^1 : j^^JuJl ^.jJl ^^.^ ^bU 

AiUis:- iijli c(.^- ur ^liipij ^ui vIjuulj -uJLjj Up a^I ^^ aa^_ ^*^i 

ctiLJl Ji^ij . s^L .^j ^^1 ^ _^ ^liJi ,u^| ^ jij^i j| j^ 

>iVI jl^ ^y.AJl ^_,-.^ ^Vl ^UJ tS^L, c-^j jlJL^I Jl AliLp Jlp Jij^l 

s?* C*> U^^-^ "^^yr (^jj ' 1^^ ^y s^:i>^ >.>JI dUUlj I Ai- s^l JU^LJ 
^'^[jl] V^ ^jVl Jl Jai^. jl ,1^3 ."dJUS Ju^. ^j ^.aJl ^..^ ^Vl ^l 

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ciU -(iilj ^^1 IIaj toj! ^y^ Ijiii t^Uj L. (.jJl jl^ jl -&|j» : JUj OlkLJI 
-uJ^ ^ jlkLJl ^j>U ^1 jlj> ^Ij ^^_^| ^_^_ ^ jl^ UJU . «S^JUI ^^ 
' J^^J '^'\j^. ui-^l 'W. jJ^\ :p^ s^Lp ^j Aijjj^^l .I^Vl ^Jix-.lj 
.lyVl ^^I ^ J>^|j j,^ 3,^1 .iiui J^ ^y^j ,^^A^ ^j OI^U-j 

^ jM\ 11* jir ^)) :^Li .j.>j| dJUUl I^U! Vlj ^Ul ^0,1 jLs ^Vl 
dU^I ^*::^lj . U |_jJ,L Vj Up l_^jj. L. JLp j^. jJ ajI ijiJUJ ?«Aiil,U 
a*J "^ 2:-^'^ ^*^^ ^-^-^ '^^^ -V^l ^iJ^I f ^^ >T Jl JU::pVI ^ y_-^\ 






c.jux^ ji ^y. jl jLi ciiJs :r- >.>Ji ^^^1 sr^ ^^p^\j r^ ij-^ 

: hy^ms :iJjJdl jL;J-1 SSL- Jl ^>ij / 

^>^ '.^j ^ ^U ^ JJL,. J\ s^\ cliUi J>^ :^l^ .'''^ cliUl 

. J^ -till ^Li jl o/Jb U jLp ciili jJ>j cU^U->l JtA.j 

^Li i^ i-.,-^ ^.u-^^ j^j ^ '^Jj Ui*^j W^ r^>b ^>fr^' '"-^ 

> i.-^! ^ >^ ^i ^j>j c J^l ^'^l- ^^ • «^ ^^^ '^^^ '^-' 



^ ^y^l ..J Lli^ cjh^Nl oUy ^0 Jl ^1/"^! ^.^ ^- A^ ^^ OlkLJl ^ (r) 
c>JiJij j^\ *J^ A- a* ■^^. ^J 'J-^' ^ ^^- ^ a*- ^> *^ ' Jj' y.yl Jl» 

JiAL ij-.iiJl Jii csjj: S^'^l iJL^I =J^ ^ ■ 'i^^-J '^^^ f-^- ->' ^-' '>T "^ 
i^'^0 L.I .Sui ,>.^^l ^U ^JJI y^j '. .A+* Jjj ^^ jU^i^t :;^l '^ «'-^^» 

. King: op. cit. p 271 : J^\ (Hugh Revel) > i:-Jl ^- j^r-^' ^^>" 



sH^'^^ Crt^' jS-j >bUi]| dUUl clkUl jLtl 



>M 



J-i^-b Ju*Jl 4jil>. ^i 

. ^^1 5^,^ 0^ ^_^_ _^_, , ;jU^_, _^_^ ^ ;^ J,^ ^^ ^^ ^^ 

.4,0, ^ l^-L- i^Ji^ l^y^ W ^j of a^ i>^l ^ ;L^ ^ o^Vl ^ji J 

Vj .U l^ a^_, Ui jj^. Ji (.a ctUS joo olkUl J^._, . L^^I ^ ^uJlVl 
5^ J^l 11^ ^ ^1 JLL, .,uvi^ ^_,L^, ^ ^ui ^^j ,,^0, LL^ 

•U-'jl?«>^ 0=^l>lt -i^ij .^ eiVT 
-Ui ^ 0150^ ^ j^l ^^1 ^^.^ sL.^, ^^^. j^ . ^^, ^^ ^^ 

. .UiJi -us^ . .1^ ^:^ ^ ^_v^ 5^ ^i^^ .-j^, ^i ^ L^ ^^-^^ ^^^ 

jUaLJl ^^ ol Jl >L-j .^|> ^ oikLJb -^ -^- 0^- jir , . i.uji 









y.j ,J\j\ ^. ji5 J\ji oj^ cy) J^*^ '^'V^ ^-^ c^i-^i >-^ ^-^ 

oLUh'c^uI Ui cJL^j cj^^Jl ^lyto l*^- bl^ ^1^1 cu^^ >5» : Jli ^^ 
^.lk;j .Jj ^-U ((^ -.>Ji ,»j:J^ c^ U^j-^i>. ^)i\ ^% Jl ol^^ IM J^ 

^^- .^L^ ^''^[jLkJLJl] ^[sr\j .^j^ c:^l^ ^5^l>^ o-^ jLJ^b 'Wi 
^j . ijU2:J^I 0^1^.1 L5^- ^ (.!A5 ^y c ^.^i ^ ^1 ^-i-ij ' ^^^J C-^- 

•(-*>J ^y-JI o-^' ^^J '-^^^ ^-J-? 'hj^^^y^ o-iJ r«^ '> ^ r*-' 

l^l^j . ^ ^>Ji JUI3 cdUS .-^. jj-^ Jl ^UJl ci>JI ui-^l >^ V"^" 
jlUJl ^> .,>^^ ,j~,^ ^ l>^j '(-Jti* jl^^l J-^J ^ Jl '-^^-^ 

^ i_^>j .oJlUi .^ ^ i^^j '^>^j ^j^ r^l '-^^ c>^ ^^^ 

I: . 15U. Ji;^! »^ jju J J ■oy^\^\ Jl i>Ujj l^y '»W Jc^ ^^J • ^^ 



Dozy: >Jlj . > '\o . > '\i ^ c X ^^ 'l5>.>^ -i»J^^' :J^\ .j^^ S/U-xi-l v.^' 

. Supp. Diet. Ar. 

^J ly:j>r .^U b\ il/^l .>-»^ > ^ ^j olUJI ^ Ail : ^^ J> ^j^ J^l (^) 









^^1 



. ^Ij-iJl ._--<. (.Lj SOP ^LtJ>l ;pL^ p-Vj 

^\ ^.sl\ JL^ ^^\, ,^^, ^^^^^1 ^^^ ^__^, ^ ^Sfl ^_^' ,,,^S„ 

oU,l ^^1 ^ ^M,^ ,^^ui ^UJt ^o^o,! ^_^, JL^ ^^^^ ,^.^., 

oUo. ^Jl ^i^ ^S,|^ ,^L^, ^ ^__j| ^^_. ^^^,^ ^^^, ^ ^^1 



r^^^j r^ o^j ij^^\ Jlj^j d\ j\ ^^ J 






^ ^^ c*^UJI ^^ OiJJI ^j >tUa]l dUUl jlkJUl jU-l 






-.r^J S^UJL ^Ul ^ ^(j;^ ^j: dUi. <^j tjL,i 
-r*^ <^ i/^l <jr*J v'^l »Li:^ ^U ^LU^ oUaJUl ^I : iL-Jl oJL* ^j 

9 J "" 

.>*i t^,.^ ^j U^ i3jU t^l>Jl j^i^lj tjc^l 
^ 4)1 A^ ^. ^^ ^.^d^ _^! ^_aJl o^ j^jJl suoil ^li ^y : L^j 

Jj oi olTj cLJU JU: -(ill -u^j jlTj . i'L_<^j ^Uij ,j-.*i- iw- WJI (^i 

^^j cdUi /S (.Ji- L5 i*.j*Vl s^\ ^LaaJi aJI ^y |»^' .jpVI eu. ^ ^.jJl ^L" 
Cn -^--^ ^^^1 y> oi-^l o-^ cr^^l ;^UI .Ui .juo Jjj . JU: 4)1 

4)1 ;^ ^ ^J_J| ^ ^1^1 ju_i J\ ^_aj| ^^.^ ^uJl ^j: U.! : l^j 

iu^ 4^ cU^ *^Uai ^jj t-ail -L^^j t^LiJl ftU^ ^-J»U (CjjUl -ol 

•• - « V:r •• • w • 

. O^^i Jy jl Jl ^^.^O^lj ti^Ul^j u:r-^J 

diUi iMj! ^ ou ^ >.T jjbj . ^y\ ^ ^ ^j ^_aJi ^Jl^ jiUJi duui 
(y-ij »>-^i ls-jU^ oij-^ cf^*^ u*^i (.ji ^ JJL.JU ajUj cjls'j .'ujU S^u 

■Jl^ -^ o^ ■^-*^^ oliU^I ^I ^.jjl JL^ ^U]| ^ (.iJLi- J.U>JI ^^I y>i\ 



-• *i r . 



.o<\'\^ t^ ^ t t^ji^^ J^l ^1 (Y) 



« . .. I II III 



. JXjC ^\ ^.^j t '^j»j ,_y.^. v-y J** cy Cr'^ (Ji V~^ iJ'Jj^^J ■ ^'L*x-j 

^«^ ,^'^\ c^JL^I ,^t v>r-Jl o^ -^1 -^ o^ c>~^l o^ >->" -^ J*^' 
pjkj tLA_^:>5L- Ju* Lj-aJ! jLi-aJL; J-^iJlj iJlJuJij i-.L,jJI c--j jy> yj <.^l^j 

.^U j-ip ci^ili-Jl c^l^l ^j- oi^\ t}f^ j^^\ cr^'AII Jy : l^j 
As:^J^ aJLp jujoo ybUiJl dJUuJl OlLJuJl jL^j , ^.-i^Jl ^^^>^\ ^y} : Jj-Ai 

. Aj (3^^ l^_^ »-Sj-^ Ajj^*j>J1 aSCLmJI ^^ ^j.^ jlS'j . AXpU^j 



iL^I (>;1 i Y i V ^ c \ ^ c oLJ^pi c.l> : ,_,-iSJi ^Li ^\ . ^j^j}\ 5^_^ ^^^UJl ^j 
^YrY ^ 4V^5yhljJl^_^l : t5 V. t#>-" o^* ^Y'Y<\^ c o ^ c^^iJl oljl-i :^>^i 

.Y"i\ ^ c \r 2^ cAi^Jlj AelxJl :^ ^l 



«* _ 

jiOJl JUr ^^1 Jj^j ^LiJl Ji ^ iJ^l Jl oUaJUl 4P.^- /S 
:uLJ U^l ^^U ^a.j ^.oJI >. ^-ill aJ^j J^. A.LJ ^ ^^1 

U^.j j^r! cy*-^ i>!-^' tijJi jc^"^l 01 jUaJuJi ^ : AjUi--j i>?*r>* ^^--^ (_s*J 

jl o! ^ . jL:^' Ji Cl-v2u^il ^ l_5^_^j ^-LJ O^^- jL^I ^ e^j 

jlJL^I J\Lip '.Sy;^,^ (.LiJi JU^ jl_j t JUJI iwiiScuj Jjj-s-i^, *^ ^Lpoi-I 

^jL- ^y J^y I oJ-/ii^ J>}Aj ii_^l Jl i^l J "^ iipjJI ^ ^>j I -wl^ 
;.Li; ii^l .-o^U yiJbJ ^.jlJI y^ jJ^\ xAJ6 <^j iii>Jl iJi Jl ^j t>.^ 

j,^ A,;^^. a;! ^ J. ^''\i^^\ i.u ^jbl ^- ,/^] cLUi. <a~. (Jj . ^ui 

^.jJl JL^ ^bU ^j ^1 j^ ^li J UJl J-^y JJL-^ Jl <^yj ol/Ml 

^ ^.^ ^.jlJI ci^ ^S!l Jl .^j :\^ ^ ^I Uj .(^^U ;ii. jL^I 
Jl <^ si ^_^..-^ jl5j i<J Lj5L^- j:>UJl ^>Jlj t J^Ai ^y '^ ^Ak. l:^ 

jlkLJl <pJL>*3 tSjuJJ- jj-s-a>Jl j^ (l)ill^ Ajj-saJI jLaJI ^2r« ^J^ J^ jUaLJl 



. Demombynes: La Syrie, p 6, N^" 2 



^Uil ^^ ^.JJI ji-j y.1^1 dUUI oU»LJI jLfcl ^Y 



-LLP JuiJ L^ OLkJLJl JLj ^,-a.>^ . o^,..A;^lj jj_A^l oij! jLi toU.^ jVl 

• J^^ tjl ^yj ' U^i-^ J^J il^S/l (_^wa>- (^1 -^yj 

'■^j^^\ Cji-^\ pU- ^Jb -u^yj c^jli oVT o^Ai. ii_^-wo ^y.JiJl jJb ^^Sfl 
^J oiVr c> 'j^^J ^yr-Jl J^-^^. jl-^l ^1:^1 Oi-^l o-^-i j^^\ ^jj 

<Ow ^pUj^j jljJiiL-l ^.JlJl ,_,.,.«Ji ^^Sfl ij>-i tiwJL^ Jl ^(SLoJL; jUaJUl O-jIj 

^.-xJI o^ ^Vlj (^yj^l ^^ ^.oJl .!Ap ^UJI ^'VI .^j '^'^o^^ JI 
r^Sj^^l oyL, .oJU^ JU^I ^ uSil ^j .i^lk;! »Uj ^2;-,^ ^^^^ r^U j^ (O 









t^yjSfl l_^j 4(HJ^ t>^ tjJ>J «jb L*ii 4 0^ j»»^ ^>*i ^yiL^I J^j 

^ ^ p * *■ 

^>J i.\j^\j [Aj \jSyj Lfjl^l L^J ^ jUI l^Jp ci^l Ui i.d\j^ ^J\ t^^ 
frUMiJl ^jj ^ <iJJij iS^^JtS' ipUj>- ^Lfu9j oL?- 5^*iJl <— jUi-s^I Jb-1 ^j-u^Ufc» ^t*-^! ^^ 

.^:>u ^^1 oUks 4^^^! j^'^ Sus uuj^ ^ ^j^\j 4^^i ^j ^ yLp ^^^^l- 

^L>- lil» : Jlij i.n:sji\j -uJiai jliJl Ai>«Ji aJj JUJj <— jL 9^^ tj*-^*^j , gQlkLJI J-s^ 

t 

. jI (Jl cjy^j OwJi^lj c*>"^;>*i ^ W^ l5*^ (V (H-*^ \j^>,/7':»t\j 4AijjL*» c-jLii*-! 
JiSj c^'^O^lS Jj. \jj\s-\ ^jii\ d\ oLkJUt ^ >^/l ^j ^ >T ^j 

^yrj jJ^I c;r*^' U^-rcci ui^l tJ^J j:^^''^' ^^J o'^' ^^^ t^.^' f*-^ ^^' 



\- Yfo |_^ tY ^ t jjUl j,LsaJI r^^j^i^l Ojilj .(.LiJlj J-^>Jl Je^ ^^^ o-l* (^) 



o'd 



^UII ^^ OijJI ^j y»UiJI dlUI jUaLJI jLfcl \YY 



(>)i 



Ij^Lr o^SUj iyjwJl j^L^\ j»jkju<ai UJ ^_^l Lolj . d\y (>• Ijj— 1 jjjJUl jldl 

'Oij^-*^ 'jJy tojJu j^ ^^sL^ j_^yw^i ^_;l3! ^jjoJi ju^ jJ)!\ j^jj ^l^ 
r^>c^ u^ ^j^j c-*^Wj o^ J^j t husy (..^ ^>^ij >-->Ji p-fi^j 



. ULI 4I*JlL aISIj JjVI c^^Uj*- ^^ 
ij^^i>J t^j^U^ h}^\ ^J^ ^^^ . U^^ jAj L^l A^^ . eJiw L^ SjUu. 

..j^^jL:^! ^^AiJl ^\j>l ^_^i\ iUp ^1 ^^^1 -U*- ^.^11 ,_^~,Ji 

^LLi\j d\j^j :>taAj Jjfc! ^ jUaU ^bj oJ.lp j^^jJI ^^^--»^ ^^\ o\J* : Jj-aj 
4JLj oUaUl oUa:u-U .«^JLp J^^Ij ^IaI ^jjt^^ oU jlSj tS^ iLo- ^jJ>j 



^ & '^ 



\Yr ^UJi ^^. ^rtJJi o^j y^i^i ^iiiJi iU»LJi jU-l 



j^I tiUS Jil»i . Al-AJ Jjbj ._iJb>J j;^-*Jl Oi i_JJai 



JL* JJUS JUp jUaJLJl ^.-/^kj . ^UwV ^^ U (jL-j . ,j^s:^ SJ^ A^j U Sl5j 



^.jJl jjL. ^Sfl ^1 >j^ . jLkLJl ^ J- J ._^j ^1 ^ v^^l (^>j 

o_^JU3jIj (.-f/i^;^^ (.j..^\j ^j^\j^ Ij-i, tjUta-s^ U*:>-lj 'ije<-r^ ^^— ' J'^ '-^■■ ^' 

1^^ l^ ^ ijj-i^lj -i*--' crtri^^ '^*~-' lT^ '-^-i '^!-^' ly r**^ '^^ ^ 
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^j .^uJi (.UNI ;./^ v^L ;3i^L ^^j cviLL-Mi ^'uJi c-.^^i.^i 

^IW jj^ ,>-^l (j^. JU^-o] (j^ -till Jup ^jiJJl ,_;~*-i sUlIJI ^^U ^^ : l«Jj 

. Jj^l t5^U^ ^L- U^l (.ji ^y JJUJ. ^1 ^jiMl ^IW ^'^[^ :;.->Jl Crt' 

c aj^ ju .u^i ^ <-^ J^uii i^jO^Ji ^rt-^i :;ij sUiJi ^^15 Ji^ ^^ i-Jj 

j^J ^ OLs liJjOo c.^5:^ N -ilj» : Jl5j Up oli^j ^1 c-.ly ^j^ oJ-. ii-1 a^Lj 

. <db- JLp (»5C>o t5jljj3l '-i-ji (ji-^l 

;^ , ^ -^ ,v ,^li c5^UJl -l^j^^l iJLJ ^ a.«JL ^'^t5jj-^l t^-^^" ^"^[J-^^ 



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oUj . oLJ U>^L jj^Ju ^ ^.^1 ^L^-i ^'^1 5jL^ ^y JLi jL^j . <. ^^ 

• J'*' ^' L*^-*^J 'uc-jdj uij*-^ »-^ ui-^l V^^ j^^l 
J^M ^UJI ^ajl <^>^| ju^i .iiJLJl <^>^| OUJL, ^Ml ^^- :^jj 
c^.U J j^a, <u-lij cJl5j c^y Cy.j^.J oi^^ -ir- J^i-Jt ^iJUUl ^^^^1 

. ^J^ 4Ul 'Uj'-j jL^ jJis^ 



ASUXmiJ ^>j*^J iuji 41m* C.-lf:.al 



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• aSJU-j ^°^4Ji, dUS juo jj^j casUU jlkJUl ^jj c>^ ^iU- 
Ji:l 4JI JUj c S^l jUdI j^ ^fj , ,uij^ J^j oJL^j : i_!l .1* ^j 
^. iJti»i-ll J^li^l IjJ^Lij (.LiJi ^ ^ cJLiI ISI ^L^l jl ^ ;iu^j _^ 

a~=*^' fji c5* '«^l l^j^ 'jl^l of >JI Ju^_^ /Ua^ 1^ ^_ ^.ISlj o!>Ul 
jU^L \j^\j .U,^ ^j^ o^I iQJl ^ J \^\i\ ^]j ,s^v;, ^,L^ ^li 



a- Jjl d\Sj . JbaJI olv ^^ o-J^ ^'U .>. ^^JJI ^Vl .L« .^,J ^y^j.^^^ (0) 
^ Jll^. ^\i ,^Ji^^ Jj^ |j ,^.j| ^^^ jU^LJl (.Lj (.UIIj ^vi^ iiiUI II* J^xL-l 

. Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. : ^Jijl . ^^L^l ^ ;^| 

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. j^^v^i cJLwj ^^ ^ (H^jb ,v^>J ^^-*i«* v'^' c> r'-^' 

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• U^I Jl J^^l jL,jb ''''•j^ J-jj ^'^'^1 J^jj .c^^Vl J^. 



«-^. J^j <J^.^ -u^i jUaL- ji v_^j ^_. OS a_il ^^u ^""^Jiiiji 6ir 

^J oi-^J' ^ ^"^Ij s^-^l Oi-^JI ^-^ ^'"^1 : (^j ' '^L-j oVi aJI oLUJUI 

'-H^>^ iij>ir! ^r. o\Sj ij^Uoi-li ^j-^^ ^U i^^iiJl i^l^ IL^ 
J\ \j^J o^ Jl '^l/VL ^_^j aUI J*1 ^\ 2^> jlL Ij^ LJ5 \y\^ c<J| 
^Uoi^l ^' .Uy.UL ^_^|j .iJU^lj ;jUJi ^ l^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ,ij^ 

Jj*^ ue-^l ^v- r?«Vl ijU JLuUI dLUl JL^-I /S 



[oyli- ijlp] Jj> y.lkJ| .ilUJl olkUl ^1 oli ^_rt -J^"— Oi-^l ^U JL^I 



ixkX^ ^j^_ (IjLLLJI ^ J -u^ ol5j . U^l ^UL. ( Alphonso of SevUle) : Ll» i_,-^aJl ( ^ ) 
. (Lane - Poole: A History of Egypt, p 266) : >JI . (. \'\S > Ij.\\\k^ x^l,J^ 

■^"' a^ <■'> ^^^■i^-^^^i^^ JtjH\^^ ;y^'^\\sju^ (T) 

•^^ a- 'lY^ ^ ' > jr ' liji^i! iJjUl ^ jce-'Jlj .«^yil» :J-.Sll^ (r) 

.>Vl^^L (O 

.J^Vl^liSU (0) 

• ^ • V ^ . J- .oiaUl ^.^ -.^^s oyL .^jjl ,%j ^LJI ^ j_^| ^ i.^. (l) 

. g i^^- j^l jjj . J^SII ^ liSU (V) 

. *i>Li^ UjI *_j:Si : 'C^Jiy (A) 



oJli. OI^.>L JLiJi j^j .^UJI ^^bJl ^"^1 bj-^ cy.'^\ <^ jt^^\ '^} 

^j^ a.b^j tjUi^ LiJl ^ J.?'^! 'j^i^ ^"^1 ^-~*^ ^^ ^'-^ cf^ J^' 
J_^ J ju^u^l aUl ^y^ J^jJl J^j . ,^j^ viJLij Lj^ji jJ^ -^^ jL.aJI 

J ^yS\ OJ jl JLxj I iJbJl jlJJl ili-.I ^i-il ifA o-*^ J^"^^ ' '^-'^ oi-^^ 

y\^\j -oUaJij ^ijj^ij oikjui j^j^j tojj-a^ 0?^-^' i>ri -^^ ^j^-> 

• . * * 

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Ji^l oJL^ J*^ ^ jLiJl JJL^J li^^ J^*-^ JL*^! tP^ ^ ■*-*^"' 

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tl^ kjL.j L^ IjjL^ ,>:^ a^l' ^Liia^b ^jloil >.j il^rc^j Li^ia^ <^-^ 

ALr\^\ JJ_^1 vW-^ ^L^?*- ''^ ^J'-^^J Wi* W^ r«c^ ^' cM^ cr^^ c:^ 
(^JLip cJL^j .U>.L:JI i«^! ^ oJL^j ,^ jliiVl i^jU jU^I ol>! ^\^ 

^ J^l, iX. pU/Vl i--^ SiU-i c^ dL -i V .JL;-j ^1 VI aJI V jl Aplj» 



.^oo ^ JtJ\ j\J>.\ J j.^i:J^\ ■.9.\jJ>i\y\ . ^l^\ oj-^ cy-'^\ ^^ 

.j^Si^iisu (r) 



jUij tj^lj oLVL S_^_ oUj ,JhJi\ ojjy^ c^j t_^| 4. J,«i o^ ^jJ^ 
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U._^ (.UiUV L^i J>. U^ jL^L, .,^^^1 j^ ^ (^);l^Vl aI^ OjL2, 
' ij^] ^"^A-kii i^Ul ^._i_J| ^ Uy»_^ ^«^^ J»^_ ^*>Uv»j jl^lj i^i-^ 

o^- V^^i-^j c^U, iJ^l l^ jl^_j .a,j^ ^j ^L^l jJUj . jj_^- J5 l^. jioj 
^1 ^Ij^L oi>-j ,^So^| OL^VL _ ^y6 /ij -^Vl ^Ul ^pU«Jl ^y^ 
. v^-i-Jl ^jt-Jl L<^*>-- :^ ^\j lij\ JuJi aJI .^Jaij ,_^j Ji ^1 A^u 

i i^^l J!>UJ| ^^^jjJi- l^j^ ^^^-_, , iJ^I ^_^| j_^ L«JLp J_; ^ ^Ij 

■.jjSU\ ^Vl UJlj jUi .i^Vl ojoJl ^j ,V ^i-^j .^>J| l^-_^ J^^-j 
Ujj Jjw! Ufj .ol^l J^^j x«^l ol^ o_^_ IJLTj tol^-j jljiVl ijJ^- IJL^:^^ 



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.T ^ clTi ^^ c^ j^ct^3.^ii^i^l (r) 



Jl .jLkLJl Ji-jJ .<J -u>. V iJ^L L-ji. <Jl^j t^^Ul tiaJl Jl ^ >•., -J_^ 

^y) If; 015 ^ U^^ (H^"jJ -^^1 (Ji (-*j-^^'L3 tj,-^ oX^ lO;^! *J^^ ^j <,ly> 

d\Sj _ ^^UJI JL^I ^\j^ ^.JJI ^^^..^ ^^l>il jlkLJl ^J^\j . JU-^I 
-Jt_j^! ^ >JI aJI ^'^^^j .,>^.^I <J1 ^j . ^-.^^ .LiJ>l ipL^ J^^ 

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J jS^\j ^UkJl x^ ^ ^.^1 ^^^ Jj^l U^i Jij . il^l Jl ^i^.^! > Jl 
"^j^'j '(>*ji ^L«^ <'L»Jl (>>^j 4,_p.-^l v_^j> ^1 (.lilj ^_;5GI JjJ tc^l 

r'-' C^- r* 'Oc^"^' r-^. a' -^' '^J Jl ^^ '^>- t3^j '^^-^Jl <3i> c?^ 

't^Jai- s^Lp jiAio If^ jLJ)fl Ji^jb ti._^ SjUw JiLi ^j t jALi J-^ c^j 

• ^1 J^l-^l »j~- 0* t^ ^ -^ 

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t^^L^l c^ ^yu J^ c:.>j oLj J^jj -Lft^jy a>^L ci>; ^^ Jl ^^1 

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./»LlJt ^^1 <^ji^\ dULJl flj-M^u j_^ tA^^LJl U-fJLp i,b\y^ ^\ ^^y^ ,^\ ^\ 

^ii^lj Si_^A^I Sj_^l jij\J>i\ o_^l oJLa Ji-lij t jVl l^\ ^Ul jji jol 
o,,,^ ^*^<^ J. Lv ^i ^j . ^^^oU-^lj jJUjJIj ^M>JIj a^LiuJl 

A;lr U^ ^ J^j . j.> U^ ^c^'^ oM JU; -il ji^ oSj : Jli 

Jl iL^Vl ciUL- ^^ jlkLJl ^> (J . VU-ij L*. aL^ jjjJIj t^> j_^ JSLi 

p-b> -Ull jAj J^» : jLii tb>i (Jj^ cJLS'j tsUajtj *!>LJl aJLp d\j^*^ j>; (_y*-j-» 

c---Ji iJLJ L^ J^jj tLjj (jUaUl oLi dijL; UjIj i_^ «^L. ^^1 OiUi »Ljlp 
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. (»ji; u ^ |v.«^i>-l ^ o^ ^ij ti^U-j j-^^ij tii^i 



, j^j^i/^jy ^jj^\ jj^ (r) 



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^1 ^^JJI 2^1; J^UII ^U>l ^1 Jy b\J^j ^ ^ ^^yuJt J : L^^ 



4jI.» J wij ^*jt^^j ^r^^'^ 41>M# cJl^Xm»I 






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.^Yi ^ c^ ^t(^ji_^l3jJLJ!^l (r) 



SUijJl p^l f-l^! ^LS'I ^ V^J J-^y*^l t^l "^yj 4(l)UaJuJl ipU» ^ ^ ., ^n* 

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cei'^jlj A^_ jj^\ oJlJ jj ^°^[^^J^I] "^l^: Oi-^l ("L-^ j:r-^l cLUJl^j .jlkJUl 

(jlkLJl ^j tii^^-sAJi jLjJI J\ ^^ (»-AJ^>o t|»-A:>^/jIj 1*-^^.^ Jv'jj (»-frJl 

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 

Jl jlkUl o-_^-j .^i'yi ^i:^ ^.jlJI ^,-*^ ^'"yi ULki .^.^i JJ^ Jj^ JJL.i 



.JLJl A«^ j^j;>wdlj .«j,.^-i;VB :J-^Vl^y (>) 
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Ji V-;^ t?^' <-^ ^' ^ -'^^^^^' tl^ t^-*^' "-^-^ ^-^^ '^^^ t>^ ^' >l^l 

cT'^rti yfcUaJl (l)UaJLJt i«JL?- ^y 4;;J'-*Jl *^Lw3 ftj^l ^^J . j^-fJ' jUaJLJl 4.*JLjJ jJbJl 



-U ^^)fl ^^Ui i^lSlj JiJi y^^ j\jPy^ J>^^l j^ /S 

jlil Ijly (l)LSUl l^^ji t^jdl jl^^>«j <-jlj yl Ijiy t^^^,A<o yfcUi JJJl ^Jb oj^^jcJl 

j^Iaj ^j (1)j.m.U.^J|j JjJjJIj j».^>JI ^y Alj>t.*^J ^J^ (!>' t^^^*^' J^^ tlri*-^' 
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- 1^ ^Ji J\ (i^ >Aj 1 4J ciiJi ^-> t ^yj cojj ji>j ^Ul ^ aJI ^b>^^ 

Cy cri"^^ 3^y ''J^b J-* *^^J t ASU^^^oi-j ilrr^^J ^*^ ^^*^ t^ ojJ^j . J^^^^LL 



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oL^Jl ^^ ^^jJl ^j....^ d\Sj . U^l^L^ ^ LJL^ i(>i^l cT-*-^ U-4,:-U 

. ^^ 4ijl 'Uj>-j t^^kiJl JLP Ajj c-ij^^l ^^^JLaJL ^5j,*j»JI j_yb5^l ^pUjr ^2ri (.5'^ 

^_y3j ttwJl^l (jj .,^ o Jl jj^Jij ^^ Ju^»L^ Oi^' t-ij-i ^_y*^UJl olij cJlS* : Lg-ij 
iil^L ^Vl (.^. ^.j .^jVl ,5^L^ oi^-^ cr-^ ^'yi UJ ^ ^^ 









' MX ^ c JJUiJi J ^V Ui^Jjl ^1 



toJLySlii tiw*-w«J-Vl jU-P^/lj A-»-s^j-2j| JU^Vl (^jJ^^ jlJLljjiJi ^2^1'^' ^^^ ^/c^"^' 
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. Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. : ^1 . ^^-Jl ^y ^* ( O 



U^^J t^j>Jl oi^\ JL^ ^^fl UJl ^r-'J ^UJ^^ J-lj ^ OLkLJl <jl5j 

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LfAp ^^>:l^1 :>:>U1 jLlJI JJ-:> LJLi i^^UJl 

J^j tAJLp (jUaJL-Jl L*^j ijJU *lJ1 j^ A-^Uaj| ^_^l (J1W1.m1I ^y L«JL3 . fi(w^l^t 

Ajji c_JLkjj *-JL*jJL oLpS^L aJLjj cJt^ . Lf^lp IjjLpI c-Jl?- j^^^-*^ ^ ipU^?- 









1%-^ «-4^ UJi t6^^:uA>-j <JW^' c}*' ilr* j.*^Vl ^^^ <^j^>m Jk"j *^ tiaS i^L...Jlj 
A:.^wa>J ^ JjJij t jUVL aSXJ -uLjI JJ ^»^U Lk^ ^<.-...Jl ij^Lk:! jUaS 

j-*i»^ (_yjlj c--^— Jl A^ ^ <uJL-jLd aJLp twJL:>"lj t ix*Jl /^ i>*->«Jl 4_^i /vjJLp ^v*^ 
c-^l |>^ ^y (1)15' UJi . t^y i^^AJ ijS'UtiL Aip jv^j^j t ojJLp ^_y:ui ii^ f^r^^' 

Ijlvaj ^^^ ^^^j\j (fJkpLJ ji^ (1)1 i?^ ^^ \.^^.S.>^ 4J I^Jbj ftjJ^ljJ ' 'SrJ^ 

Uli t<J Uj^J--. ^L- (-frJj-^^ i-:>U)l (^ opU ISU .(1)j:j^-^ J! j! U^ J\ 
(t^Aip cJU ol^Vl (1)U ^^^^ a^ dJUS (l)L5j .(»JL^I ^ lj.,.11^1 (hJ^J 

(jLkLJi L^sJu (1)1 ji ^>l o^ii^ij . i^ i^^ \ji^ LgJi ij^^ ;^ik:l 

. oLaJlS U ^_^ i-Jjj| j2;J 'wL-.jj j2;jJJ1 ^^U^ ^^UI SL^\ 

(1)1 dUij i^^j <^,h^^-*^ (JlkJLJl rtJL-J : ajLjl^j ^2r^*t***J (5^J^i ^^— ' t^j 
^^JJI ^U ^ (jUju ^^jJI >JL- ^Vi ^I ju^ ^.jlJI .-i^ ^Vl Lg^U. 
ii^^^ (jLkLJl (l)l^j t|.Ju: U5 iLJl oJu ^ ^^ o^^j-^ ui^\ j^ tlrl (^J>^ 






tL-pjli |VJ<jj^ Sj^l «uJa51j tj-A>ei jUJlo (Jj-uI (JjL-p j^ jI e-uj ,_jpJi-i«<li ^^JL^Jj 
dUS IjJUa tb»j5U-Jb OlkUl ^l_^ Jl ^xiiJl (jL-:o ^y.jdl JtjU- 4^ Jl ^_j:So 
JUbl>»L^j i^^jc.^ tlri-^' J^A^r <^::^-^ OUaJLJl Aiailj . LfX^ JjVl ^j j^ j-^ ^_jjli ^ 



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*-gjji J^j JLa3 . oji'L-.^n.j ^jbJUAxi i^)Ul tiJLLj viLLa (%-*j-r^ AJ^ t ipL4>->- IjjL^j 



j^i .(. ^ ^Yi /^ o^A i:^ ^y .i:>ui ^ii»j v^ j^jj jl^--^L aJLpL^>i (.xl. b\s 

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l^ U l_^ ciJU^ j^^^U. c^^^Ij co^I JLp o^l (..^ (^_^. V l_Hy>j li> 

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oLsLkJl oJL* kSj^ j^^ JLi c^il .L^^j c^UkJl cUJuJl OLkL-Jl JL^j 

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^^b jjJj cU^LJl i-iUl Jl* jUlj <°^l>^l ,>^ Jl ^i-Jl oi* ^ S>VI 

lj^,^j .^y.jdl (_;-^<^ oJlIj ^j iLJl*U-)/I <_^Ls^ j>.I [^r-^] jy.-^l c^ 
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^''^[iljU.] ^1 ^.JJI pU Jl> v>-^ Jii ^S jj jUJlJI <Jl^j . JUI c^J 

j.„a^ 10^! ^•iU'l J <Jj:r«-^ v^U- J-^>^ '(»-fr^^ " ^^' v^U ^^^1 

^ J>Pj loUU^ oUa^Ij lV">Ux-.l SjJ^jJl i!A. oJLlLij AlP j^> jLkLJl Jl 



jJLvi^l : ^y^\ o^L . ^I> ^y ^LiJI J^LJL. U-<.U->U j.>4^ Otr--^ Cr^ ^^^ 

DozyiSupp. :>:ij .^ rSiU ^tS^Ujj^^ : i2;;,.-Jl ^_^UJI >:! .''^.j^\ :i*JaJl (r) 

. Diet. Ar. 

: ^5_,^^l oy L, . ^>]l i^ ^ ,y^^ J^^l cS-UI Jt^l ,>^ £^ o-^ ^ ^'^' >>^ ^"^ 

.XTi |_^ iX ^ lA-^ jJ„aJI 

.^ . ^ .OAT ^ c ^ ^ '(^>.>^ ^>)L-J' :^ '=^^J b^^-^^ o^ ^ C^) 

.^x ^ cOAT ^ c ^ ^ '(^ji>^ ^A-5i :r' '»^ii3 cji^^^' o^ ^ (^> 

. Le Strange: op. cit. pp 352, 507 : >il . (.LiJL iJLpU-.)/! 0.^..^^ cS-^^l : *^' ^^^ 



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•^ J^ cy J^-^ L5^^ J-^ cr^Jt oil 

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.-(3L^I l4;..^"5jl Siljj (V) 

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^...^ JJT ^ ^.^j cUlX- bLSLa ^^1 ^% uiJLi'j oLkJLJt ^-w^lj ^^\dlM. 



Quatremere: op. cit, V 1, p 200, Dozy: Supp. : Jk:\ . ^i (>j«-*-;j t j^j^JI ^ iSJ^-Jl 

. Diet. Ar. 



^UJI ^^ ^.jJI ^j ybl^l dlLJI jlLLJI jU-l Mi 



^Jl OLL ^.oJl ^i^ ^*^l J^j /'^i^^wJl ^>u-^ ^""^^cJl JuxJ\j .J^\ 
dJLU^lj .oUUJLlaJl j^^>jj ^^^^LJI ;.lisa J^\ d\ji^ xj> ULr ^'^(Op jJ 

> .t^ 5^U3L ^^. oi J^Ml ^j^ ^^,^ ^'^j c^ L^jjji ^^^^ ^j_^l uJi_^ 

. Quatremere: op. cit, V 2, p 139 N^" 171 : >;l . *JLp 

L^Ul SjLi| jl 4^1 t^lS" 4^ ^^ L» Oj^ ^jjJJI (»-» ^rj-^l V^J -^Mj ^^j c5* '"*-*-*^^j 
.^LJlj c^l^lj ^IjiJIj xJLiJlj oLJlSLJl ^ .iUi ^j cjbijjJl iJL-j j] ^jjJl jl 

SUj ^.^Lp ^y. 5jLp CjU^I uiy^ ^ y^j 4 JUjl 5Ai^ 0^ ^^1 J.W: ..li JjjJl :(.UJ1 

. Demombynes: op. cit. index. 

A^lj *J ^bJl jl^Jl Jw- AL.PJ ^^>Jj^l^ Jl^Sfl ^lisr ^ :^ji--Jlj .<->^l t>>^ (O 

^JjJI iijU. ol^ : v>-^l ^>L-^j . 0:^ j^l iJl^j jI_^.aJL ;^_^1 JUpVi ^^ U A. 

Morier: the Adventure of HajjiBaba of Isphahan,pp 17, r^JiJlj 4t•^ ^ t^^jjIjjUl 

.210 

.nr c^^ cioi ,o^,YY^ ci ^r ^j^ljIjjuaJi :^,u.,.:„auu .s^ 

^<>J:ri>l'^l f W' C^>J^ '^J.r^ t}^>^ V>^^^' '^^ M^J -.r^^ .ilJU.Jl iJj.> X^ J 

: SjW^ cpi iiSJj^) "^j^h . »^^j J^ Cj^ viLJl ^j 01^ y^j 4 jLl^ ^c^ : oljLl:>Jl (V) 

.Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. :Jk^\j ^ ^ V^ ^ ^ \ ^ ^ 4 J.LJI 









jc^i 



j>Jl ,>• J^jj tU^Ul oUjxilL iJaUl l_jU li^l CfA j^^ j^'^S J«rj 

l^^j>t^\ eJU- j^/Jj'ill dULo* JU^ jS'i 

^[£ ^ coJli- >5U U^ J^ ^.aij c J^^. ^ j^j% c^Uil J^'V Su>u 
cL2i;lj UJU^-j ^"^aSyb Jl (H-*-^ Ij.U- ^ c^I |._^ (.j^l v^U i-Ai- 
^^15 ^ ^ e_;5L>p ^ oL^j . v-^^^V' ^"^' -J^-^ ^LwJl ^1^*^. cjV* p^b 
^Ujl*'"^ ^'VI IJla Ju ^I JLi oLkJLJl oL?j . ^U ^^ ^.^Oi ^jU ^! 
ccJi^ Jl o-jJL ^^^L»^ >L^j oL^ ^SL^ Jl j^ 'jLJ-'Vl ^ ^:>Uax-.ML; 

jLdI Jl ^j^l ^.^ cSJbJui ;^l^ ciiLJl .y^ ^? ^^^o^y^ -r^^ C^-J 



. Enc. ist. Art: Armenia : Ja>\ . ^j'j\i'. 
oyL, . JbJLl c_-j^j jLfl:^ JOv lys^ W^cijl j»i ^-ij JL-i_^l Ul> . (.j^t i^ 4:iJ^ : iliy> (<>) 
. Le strange: op. cit. p 543 : Ja>\ . oj-X^ J: Jj^ i*ii : ^yr^J ■ J-^*^' ,J '-^ ^"^^ 



5JU L<^ a^U as^ ^^_ i^Ua:! Jl ^ ^ ^^./Vl jl^j iSJbJLi ^^li coJj 



JL-J^ J^ jl^li i^l: (jc^l Oi-^l (.L-^ jJ^\ o-yj loU^ ^ L^U^j ^y,.^ 
' f jV (^^ t3>^ I oL^I 2^^^^ ^ oljUJi oJlyj . LJL- iUj ^Ij JxSj 

^U jJH\ l^^^ J^LJL ^1 ^L^l ojUl : L^ 2>^/l j,^^!^ jj 
^1 >ii . j_^Ul ^Ji ^u ^Vl v^ J-^j : i-Jl u- Jl-^J ^ Jj 

j^l ^Ij^lj /U*J| a,^-j (^>s^| ^i:;;j| s^u^ ^s 

l^jUj l_^^^ oi jbJl j! jU^Vl ^\i .oL.ai L^ jjuJi ^jj s.^ c^iUx^j 



el* O-^^^j I ' iiUJij ..lyVl ^y. k^V^j ,_^...^| (^JLixJL^ ^oJl ^t>U jJ^\j 






>JL ^^UJI ^^Ju^Oil ^.jJt JU^ jJ^\ ^Ij c jyVl ^.j ^^ ^Ij ^ >L>JI 
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jJLp oi^-- 5^1 ,_ylp v-^-sAJ jJbJI ol : i-jIjJI <->:^ cJ-s^_^ 4 -c^ ^.j-i^l i^ 

*■ *■ ^ 

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j^SlI ^l::^ ijjj . SjLlJLi ^I^Vl ^U- j>. IjuJ cJl^j ^j' - -i^^ c^ p-J^ -^^ 
JLp jJbJl ^ LJ ajIj I JUJl Sj^^ /Jb o^L; ^'bJl JiJ^l ^jil Oi-^l JW 

^.jJl pU JL^J^lj .-.^b ^>j Ai^l i^i^\^ :j^ olpU«i)fL at.1 C^J 
tSoiiJt IjiJii, ^^ j^l^:- ^ "^0^^,^. '^ j^I cU^ ^_^U j_^-.2^l ciiLJlj 



."10 ^ t,JliJJ ,_^S/I ?«^ oUJLk.A»J 

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^ oUaLJl ^a:L-U . ^_^l 4iiJS ^y :LpU^ JJj 4 oUI^I ^ ji>J| ^ i_^ 

JaI ^j^_ oL OUuI ^.jJI _^ ^Vl Jl ^j 4S^1 Jl 4liji >j^j c^lj.j 

t^^vLJ flj-«Jlj -J^lj <^lj^Vl ^yi j-f^r*^ 



^ Udi. j^J^^^I ^_J| JU^ ^'Vl (l),^. ol OUaUl (»^j l_^j Uj .1^ 

oU^I ^y ^jo^wL, oUil ^. Jl J* ^Vlj 4 A1-- ^ VL^b i!^.-a-Jl ^LwJl 

.J^UI J_^! ^yj J|_^Vl J^U^Ij 



-Ij 4 jLJl ^!>^L J^LJL jjbj jLkJLJl Jl Ju>>i\ cJUj LJ : Jli 

^.UJI ji^ij ui^i ^-jj . oj^j! ;.u ^ JL^.^^ ^'^'^\ j^j juo .u_^i 

._.-^. (1)1 jlAJU- ^I ^.jJl ^ ^Vl ^U . .Uli^ jjj :Uw» cJUj Jli JJU^I 
SjU j^ilj ^] jjL-SlI o^ ^.y Jl J^jj 4 1^ s^ ^! J53 ,j^j (»J:>L- 



j^ >ji . UpL^Ij i,_^i j^ Jli, . i^u,y\ ju*L o,>ilsUi ^u^S(i ^ : i^i ( ^ ) 

Quatremere: op. at, V 2, p 4. N* 5, Dozy: :^lj .WW ^ ,y ^ . t^JUJLiJLi!l : ,^^'^\ 

. Supp. EMct. Ar. 
>JU^Ij (»_iJl ^ U^ ^ Ud:J^j . ^j^\ J, 0U2LJI Jily ^1 4 iwJl L* jJLAjdi (Y) 

r^ Wr^l>^ o-cJ 'U-''-^ ^'L; i-i- l^^ c.^iJIj x^\ J ^t)LJLJ (.li- ^1 lj^\ 
. Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. . jJUl ^U ^ DlUJl oU-U j;^;^ 5jIp ^la ^\S 4 5^,Jw» 
^ 4 i 2: ' OI4JI ,».«- : t^j^^l o^L . ,jJi^ JU*1 ^ a.^1 ^^ ii^ •■jjlM\ i;:f^ (r) 

.^vo. ^vi 






4» I <» ♦ J*'* 






Quatxemere: op. :J^\j .0 ^ <■ oTI ^ c ^ ^ ^i^y^JiJi iJjLJI ^ SjIjJ ^_,SUJI ^j-j L. (^) 

. (Arab et Ararah) : L^^ Js- ^j~^'^\ j^.i* Ja_.i JiJj cit, V 2, p 6 
. ^L-....J.l Ja-;>«Jt i»->^ >JI . OUfl^l jji. *. iu^. tjUl JJ_^I ^y.j ciiL- j^ : viK-Jl (T) 

. Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. : Ji^J .SSL- : 5jL. 
. j4ijlj jjLiJi ^ J_^! ^^. ^1 Xi,s^\ jK-JI IjJU>1j» : JU t5>.jJ-U iJ_^l ^ (r) 

c>- U^j^ ^ jlj^^ ^j' '^W^^ ^ tiJ^,j>^ ^^ 4-ji ^ 5jL^ cJL^j ii.bi ,;-.^ : obbjJI (n) 
iJuh iJ^,^^^ t>^^JI ^UJl ^ L^ljj cJbJL^l ^ l^Uj c^U^^l ^ UJUj c^^^l^l 

. Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. 

j] Ui:>-ji\ ^^ . . . » : aJUI SjUJI ^y Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. : J L^ '<^jj^ : ol3l^_>Ji (V) 

Est une sorte de toure dans laquelle se trouvent des soldats munis : t^i ^j !l a 11 

d'arbalete et de maehines de guerre, et qui est placee sur un chariot que L'on pousse 

. contre les murailles d'une place forte, que Ton assiege 



^^UJ! ^j^ ;jiji\ jSj >hifcJi dUUi oUai-Ji j^J-t ^v 



AI^hJ 



c-*I^Vt ly^j jl^^l ^>4 L^l jjU.^1 jJLJj iL^J Uj UUII IjU-^j ^^^I 

^^Aj ipUaS oO^ Jj>-\j ^Jl^\ ^ ^j^J t4lAl:>-j A^JU^j <-^l^j 45l^! ^^ ijJUjI 
S^^JLp ^-.^ i^ j^ |>^L-)/l jJLs^ j_y3 0..>*li S-»jJL4Jl JJUJI ^2r« «^ hj^^^J 

. ijiipj ij-^j i^ij.! ji i>^jj 



^>JVi ^51- ^j,.*-! jJ^\ j^ hjL^ ^jL* ^ ^jii\ jiUJl ^jli Uj : JU 

. ^y^ji\ 4_^1 UjS'wls i«^lp cJlS'j 

ji:^J ^SOjyr il-Jip Jl OlkLJl 4^^ :t^j^'l c5^Uj>. ^^.^i^j ^:>l^ ^Jj 
_;^Vlj nij^.^! ^.jlJI ^ ^^Sflj ^^yxUiJl jli ^M-JI ji^ ^.jlJI ,_^,.^ _^Vl 

.0^1 J |.^^ ^y -u^;^^ .^ij il^l^l Iji^lj tl^^j OJUJ! 
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.oYA.oYV^ c^ ^40lalJl 



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\^j^ iijjL^ i_.Ua;^Sfl Jix; J^J ilj^'^\ i^iU^ J.^::^. ^ LjJjli lei^jl Jl 

JS^\ bj-^ ^.JJI ui^ ^"^1 (-^Jii^ c^Ua^'yi c3l^> ^>J1 ^y^ '^^*^l Jl 

.(..^1 c^- j\ \j^j b\ J\ i.JLi)i ji^b ^ i.^j ^>Ji j^- ..^a^Mu 

.ai- ciJUS Jujj . iLJi Ju: ^ >. Ulj^pu oLJl c_JL-j a^ jUJUl .^U-j . J-Ul ^> 
jjb ^"yij ci^j-^ ^.Jill jJb jJi\j ^j^l ^S^ ^>.-Ul (.r-^ ^^fl Jl ^LLLJi 
._1^ ^j ,Aj>i\ y> ^pU^j 'i/j^l J^-^l Oi-^l cr^ ^^'-J 'jl-^>^' Oi-^' 

Ji\ \jij>- „j^ 44P- ^y tjJLJjJl oliU- ^ i_j^l i_jL ^y (.-fr^l^ Cr* b-i^^. -j'^ 
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i^ ^ i^A:>cw2Jl AyH\ ^i./^ •> (»-fl»J t^l^'Vt ipU^j <^>^^ t>l^' --^ .rr^^b 
r^ ^*^ljji>o olj tt5^S[l i^t ^ \jj^ *^'^ ^^y^b iiUJi 5^r-t^j S^y^^l 



Ul.1 ^>jjj .>^Sfij ^r-^Sfi ^lriJJ^ 5L:jLji x,jL>Ji jo^U-^ ^>* ijs.s^\ ^jjjJij j^u^ij 

. Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. : J^\j . ^ ^ ^y 
.OTA ^ t ^ jr ^^jJL«J» a- 5^^J 0=ij^^^> a:ri ^ (^> 



t> j^^ ^j^\ ^1^ e^l^_j t^>^l iiU ^ ojL-j c^- ^1 ._.|_^'VI ^> 

^y jLkLJl o^jjB : Jli t4il 4.^j tjL4J ^. ^^jS\ JU^ ^^| ^ ^^_, 
J Ju^j ^j^\ Jl jj^ jlkLJl b\ Ji;lj . «LLiJ p.^ o'Uiii. ^j jLfrJl 11* 
^L^^l ,_^^j jL->Jl ^J^JI ^ LpU^ 2:>^ ' W^ c^^. ^'Ll* ^-^ii- A-lj 
<« jLTj to^ io. ^-lij ^Ui c._.^| C-.L; Jj> ^j VI ^*JL. ^ ^IJpLk^JL 
jlaJ>Jl ^.aJI jO. ^Sflj ^^_. ^,aJI jO. ^VIj ^j^I ji^ ^.oJl ^..^ ^Vl 
^L^ jj^\ ^j , ^j^jM i^ JxiJ , SjU^I JjLo ^j^l yc^ jL^j . ^^j 

^L^lj .\jlii\j ,{^\j ^U^ij ^L^i] ^ ^ ^^^ si^i ,ju. J ^j^j 
. JUI ^ U^ ISJI ^ ^ jii,I_, ,^ui ^Ij j^l ^ ^1 : ji, 

^^ Jl sr"' ^^'"^1 ^i^j jl>-Vl ol* ^ j^U«Ji o^'I Uj : Jli. 
r-« <^ ^y-} c> ^-^i^l cM^ <*-:^ ^\y\ UJ ^^>*^J ac=^' a- ^■^■^^^ 






' o^ 






. A^I ,>iw^ « jIpi iJKJl o_^- ^j . j^Vl ^ liSU (^) 

. Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. : j^\ . (Curtain) : ijJiSC)!! Jj (Courtine) : L-J^l 

Dozy: : >;i . ^jU^I ^l_^ Jl ^l^|_, ;JuJ| j_^_, ^ , ^,^, ^ ^ ^ :j_^UI ( i ) 

. Supp. Diet. Ar. 



• 



^^^\ c^jj .c->L J5 j^ ^>JU- jSj VI ^;;^^J--^L ^>)l ^\ U 



(>)r. 



o-*^' Uj t 



LaJLamj 



oLkUl ^Ij .L^I^I J d\j^\ o^>j ciL-LUl L^ cui^j cSjj-iU! ^ 

l_^ Uoip Jiill (>• "^ 2^>5' lyji "^^ "j^^j ' <j^J-^' i>--^' o-'^ -^'"^ Aif«iv» 

LjJajy o_^jl ;*Ji j^r* JL^I -^ ^"^^^^J ' -i'Lr^^ oj^l c-^UJl cijjj--*Jl 



^ bj^y^. j>-.JiaJI j^ ;^U^ i^^^rj • 2^>JI l-H -^J (^^^ oii-lj ;^LJI 

:y.lj|] '^^M ■ • • ^iiJt ^:^JS WA ^ ^>^- • • • > : J^" -^l J^ ^ '^^ 

.[T 

jliljjLJI ,2r!-JJI ^-^ jc-^^l ^^ ^u>--c^ olkJUl Ju. JU: 4)1 ^ U : Jli 



^-^. ^JJ Jj^l iy i^i-^j J-^-^ »'-^^' cH'^J [oLkUl] ._JJ» o_^j 



. Jhill \jSy jl t Jbiil ^ \jii_^ ,>~w yi^ ^-"^ (^) 

. oJ^i (il oJi (r) 

.(. ^T•^i :jiljJi (A) 



iUl cJij ^^^iS^\ -u^jSUSj o^^l ii^LjuJl ^j^ ^ -oil ju^ jjo U! 
(t^j <^ ^t^ 0^1 oojbLt lil ^^JiJl 4>^j oj^l JuA ^ ^ v»^>^>l 

''-^—^ tjr*J Lfr-i'^j^ .!-«-> OfrU-j t^LJl JLxj oijj i-ojiJ (_«jJI j^ (l)Li 
il^l ^1_^! c^^^j 4^UI Ojl^-j iljJUl JiU«- ^ S^ JU oJLilj t^L.>l 

2^b-Vl ^1 ^ cJa^ljj .^jA*Jl 2^>Jlj jbJl ^ C^^j .U_^I oL^>LiU 
c5^ r^J^H 2:i>Jl J-i-' (>^5L->I ^L^ cJL«.j t^>.^lj ^y.^L ol>Jl ^JL*Jlj 

J[A^\l.^J ^LJI .i_J| ^"^^ o^'^'o^ ^j^j ^jl^Vl JJ.UL. 
jLdl ^AA U ^^- ^yj ru_^^»^ (.JL^-j U^ ^^ ^- l^ li^ .jL-Vl oUU 
t ;i-L- LUla (J_:o-j iiALi U^- JU>JL ^X^ iijj . L^^z^ U^-j J^-^L, 
4)1 ^U! ^>». ^S J^ . i^l^l i^UJlj ioiUJi sjLiJij i^il^i ijUl -till JU^ ^ 

ajIj ISl ISO^ SiUJi ^j$j , ^^j ^1 ^|_^ J\ jLJ 1^,^^- ^l^j s^^l ^Lj 



. Demombynes: op. dt. Introd. p L VIII : ^Ij . M i ^ ' ^^ r 't^*^' 

.«oJ>. :or. ^c^^.i]>ji jj .j^Vi jiisu (r) 



>Vo ^Ull ^j-; ^.JJI ^j y»UiJI dUUI 0U2LJI jL».l 

rt->oJlj ^j^\ (l)UaJL- dJUUl tljjlj t-UJI iLp JaiLp- t -Ujl ^*:)L (l)UaJL- t ^2;j^j.<»JlJIj 

|^:>U- c^^^^jJLaJI -.^^L^ (>i.r^l '^JLL- tdT^i -.^.^L^ tdUjJl jJLi5L-I til^Jtj 

4JUJI |»JLp «ilj tijJu-^wJl ij<j_^l ^,-^U tjLuJi JU--» tjLA>»Vl jxjli tjjjilllj 

I 



(^) t 



lj./^^\ aJI oJLfcl liL? tjJiS 'uilj *^ t«JU^lj Lap jJlS lilj 4^^SLt AiJaJL 4ul -dLolp 
>-L.>~.U <:.L.Jl!|j tjlj— !AJ |»Ji4Jl Jj«j>- U^Ai <uJl. (_^ ?ti»j _,i5Jl i'5^ ^y> "^.y^ 

: jjJcJl ift-^-L -u—Ij jjJcJl ^y ^\ A>*:^ Uj ojlp j_jJI 

L-g-Lo^.** ljJL«-i La t^L*—/? LJL»_p Li_j1j JlJj ^Ij_SLJLj Li 

LpIjul^I J.^^ L. d\-S SL^^.-r ^L^ ^^L^ f '.r-^^l J-^^ 'M 
Lgj -ujI Jj^r' er^l oLp-_^I «j:3j cijlJuJl oJL^ _ oUaL- 4)1 jlU- _ (1)15 UJj 

i>tJUj ^ll--*j Nj ^_^,A-sA^ N J t i-o^ ^.fVP ijilj N (1)1 - oUaJL- 4)1 jUU- _ (^Ij 
ytjJl ^T j_yJl pOj U jJjJl Jjjj j»-^ JJ^ (^^ t-u,.^ jl^l ^yi i^JiSlI (v^-Ip 



* ^ '" 






gi^ ^^^ji^ ^uJi t^Uasl ^Ji ^jU dLu'y 1 jjj 

l2j -^ ..^L^l t53d>Jl t^-^-^J ud-^l JLoJT ^S/ 

bj ^j ^>3I 3^aJl ^.JJI ^j,^ jJi 

bj ^J l^ilOiJl ^ ^,aJl ei^ _;<^S/ 

ojIiiS Ui^ ^_j>JLsa]I JUJI ^^1 4jjjJt JP ^V 

JU K.,i>A% ^>JUaJ| t<*JjJ' j^^^ ud"^' lT^*-^ JC^^ 







I fc*>*fc 



^^\iXuu^ ^\^\ jSH\ bj-^ ^,^\ 'J>^ jS^ 

ajjLmJ j^ LgJU^ *j^l A f^LiJl iJaJL- t-JU (_5:c^' tr^^ ui*^' JUj^ ^^V 



. ^\ J i>j\^\ ^u^Sii pU-1 UuJ Ai. c^,^>w» U5 . ^r^ ^ t J5UAJI 

.^ri^ cJjJlJI ^I ^l::^ ^y, k.Atlj ywdij .«Or^iyl» ^J-^^^^/ (^) 



\vv 



Oi-J^""^*-^ 



Oi-J^""^*-^ 






Oiiri 



t. d..f? 



t. d..f? 



^'^U^clj: 



iJb-clJJ 



iJi^cLJi 



jyJUaJl (5a.<,;>«Jl ^! /^,jdl JU^ -^'"^1 
^Sj^\^\ cjrr^l (5-^-Li^ /V"^' J*^^ ^^' 

H ^ M 






ia.s^ 



t. d..f? 



L«j (^ 



L«j (^ 






ia.s^ 



JL.^ 



JU41^ 



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LgJ U^ (1) j^,iajJ I ^i 



t t. d..f?i 



Osj aaaJi *-, A-/?* 



o^.> 






^^\Xf^\ S%^ ^jS\ 



O"-'^^ j:^ 



H\ 



t^^l ^""^jlpl^ ^,^\ (.jU ^^/i 

(^AxJl (jl*bl ^y^oJl JL^ jJ^\ 






'jl^ ^^ Cji -^-^ (ji-^l J^ ^'"^1 






. KDUi^B Y ^ c orr ^ c ^ ^ ^ti>.>Iu i3>Ji ^j . L^Vi ^ lis:* (y) 
((jj-iiJi» : ^r^ ^ c jiUiii ^1 ^v J.XJI ^1 ^b£ jj . j-^Vi J lis:* (o 



Ij^j^ cJ^ (^^ImUJI (>>t^ il;i^' '^-'^ ^*^ 

0^_/ <^i.>/2j fJ^\jJ^J\ tiljj-lS'i (l;i^' '^-*r*' ^*^ 

i^uio ^"^^ui^:-! ^ju^/i ^:»> ^>^ ^^jJi (jp ^^ 

[^ISi \^ ol^ ^1 ^ J^S Cji^i\ (*L^ ^^/ 

iojjJl 4jIj cJ-sAj j^ j_^ tji^\ ^^ ^*^ 

^^Ij ji$ <Ji^ jlX.*^ ^! ,^^1 Ji>I* ^^Jjt ^U^ ^S/ 



. r^\^U :orr ^ i.\ ^ ciijui ^ (r) 
.«^Ji jjip» : orr ^ . ^ ^ .ii^Ji ^j . j3»\i ^ ii£h (o) 



m .>..^^^^^.^^^^^^, — ^^^^»*n-^^^^^^^ 

^'^\J^.Jl^ ^\^\ J\ C/. ^j^i-i Oi-^^ -^j^ j^'^ 

^^^a^_Jj,Ul^ j\^i\i\s^'\ jr^. Cf. ^r Oi^\ ^^ ji:''^ 

^ijL^ ^ gUS:. L^.V ^Jl uUa-i ^,Ji\ eV- ^"^ 

^_^jl ^ iU- .li; tiy^UiJl oU-^iL- ^.AJt ^^.^ ^Sf 

^'^[o_^jI Cr- iL;r ^' ^^jjl jl^ C^^l o^y^ ui-^' J>-^ ^"^^ 

4^lj^lj ^;,A^ j-<^l> ^r^U» j-^^l -WaS /i 

JUU-o ^ JUwo-o ^jJl ^^ t ;iL.JL>-j jjc^J ^J i^ >-^ U-»*^' cr»J 






^UJI ^j^ jiOJl jSj y^UiJl SU\ jltLJl jU-l >A 



^ ^^-^UJt j^j j^Li .or^ JIp ^1 -li ^' V^MI y^^ cy.^\ ^-^ 

IS^ i*JiS^ UU- ifciS «j:Jj 

jJ^\ :>y^ S> Jl J^j Uj . 4iJL' ^ J^jj OU-i J^:l^ ^ jUaJLJl ^>j 
^SL^I ^ ^pU^j ^S/I Oj!>y ^ Jl ^i^ ^Vlj ^^>.>Jl ;^JLPJb! ^.jJl JU^ 
Jji c Up -0)1 ol_^ c JJ^Ij ^JLLJI o^l SjL^ jlkJLJi ^y_, . j^^^;^| 
c ^Ul jrlj <^ JS\j c (.^LJlj S^UJI -Op c JJUJI J,L^ j^j ^JUUI cXlTj 

V::5j c^i ^b cSjUJi ^ JjjJij . JJ^l s^Lj J^ ^ i^j, ^jUJ|_, 
<P-_jilL oLkLJl ^bS (.^ ^j_^ ^^^.^ Ji |_^_^ : ^^^1 ^5:^1 L.|j 

l>-UU .l/S?l o^ J^ :^ vc^* ^>^ ^ \jij:j c^l> i^ ^ ^1 J^L- 
^>JI ^ Li^^ oL5 ^j_« ^^j ipU^ -CL^ b^j ojJLi-li ilA^lj L._^_ 4JLp 

J*I "^OALi Uj .^^LJ Ijii^Ij |^_^ i,»J^>ljI JL^\ iiji! l^I .-.y. LJj 
oLUiJl ^^.^^ Jj. I^^jij ^;^^::^UJI JL^\ ^j>.\i c.^....ijL l_^ LU. J^ U liy. 
^i^ ^*yi J^ .^L^l oiUj c.^^JUj oL.'"yL 0Ul*j ^^ ^Ij ^y e_,U--Xi 



.(. >Y-;o :jii_^| (r) 



l)LJjJI «^ i^j Jii uj^ (>i-*-ll '-^c-^ .rc^*^' <l)L^j t^^5L*jJl J.-^ (l)jJL>tj ^^AJl 



u5--t^ Cre^l *-^P ^"^1 ^^-? <'^^ (^"^ ljJj»»U-j ^jU UJ! uL^I ^2^ ^^SL^l 
^ ipU>"j jj"*^ ^j JL^lj tdUVL IjJl^U 57^ ^1 IjjUJI 1^15 4jw dijijj tj-*r^ 

uUa-LJl ^ ^JJ ^i^X-;-^ ^4^ (^1 er^^jl t>i^l --i^r-^ .r^^"^' ^^^J • J^j^' 
t (_5j-«JLj*bfl jJb j^ jl -^j^J tL^ j_^l (1)1 Wl ...II 4^j-jj . >\.i../y 4-^ j_^l j^^-sApJLj 

^I^'VI ^^l^j c^L^ J5 ^ ^^^[^^^Jl c^] ^L-^l OjLpli t^'^a^Lp J^ 



^ [^^\jA d\ ^\J\j . i-jJiS^VI oJJL (Conunander) ^053 ^^ ^^yJ JiiUl IJU : jjju^ (Y) 

. (r) ^j A^i^ c ^"\o ^ c ^ ^ 'tiji>^ -^/"Ji >^i ■ ^-ji-^ij ^ijiv-^^i 

. Le strange: op. cit. p 481 : ^1 
j^.^^- L^ ^jij .Ais^ r=^ii/ tJj"LJi i^y ;J-j>- i^j>- ^J^ ^Vl IIa jJJaj :iL»Lp J-^ (0) 

. Le strange: Ibid, pp 75-76 : ^1 . «^a.. S .. * . i i 



jl ■GjJi-^i^ jLS'j t^L^lj jjh i^j lil "^1 oljjjj V (1)1 oj-olj ULiS' 1^^ jv^ . X^ 

^^>^l JiliS:. ^.oJl jO. ^^1 ^^ ^ , j;li. V Jiil^ ;J,l^l l^ J,Uj yi ^.oJl 
jp ^S/lj jIoSjJI ^.JI ^^U ^S/I 1^1 ^.^ (W* t-u^ Jl jJUi A^j 2:^^ ^1 
> OUaLJl (.Ufj . U^Uj I4JI l^iii j^ > ^-jl^l -^ J^}\ oLi,l ^oJl 

Jl A^y Ai ^._pi ^.jJl ^A^ ^^'yi jl^j ,o_^U- ^^ Jl J^^ ^ ,6yJ^\ 

t$y*UkJl iJ^- ^li- ^_jUI jp jJ^\ j3L>3 JLiJi l_^jL; ^Ul b\ jillj t^LwJlj 
^jij |»_Aji ^VT syL*j. ij^- ^li- JU oUaJLJl (,^Ij . ^Ul ojx^li Ja^U 

^^j tc-.li^l JU L«JU^ ^Ut ^^L-j ^xi^ij pI^^I dUaUl C-.JUJ iL^ 
SjUJi ^y cJli' ^jJl ^L^l cJu^jj . oJUj l4jLi^1 ^^j 4-/?l^j 4.--oiij (l)LkLJl 

(l)LkLJl j-olj 4 Jl^ ^ "-^jJl (^ (j--^' f-^-^ jLv(a->Jl j-.«>JL^tj t^jJbljJ* ^^ 

Vlii ^J^\ J;U3 tojjpiU! Jjl:J- ^,^>^j ^jj t JJUI .,i..r^; ^ oLUJOJl dL^r^ 



.f U-^o rjil^l (Y) 

. JL-Jl A--,i:2j «-j>wai)lj •^'J-^jj" -J-^J^L^ (^) 

Dozy: Supp. : J '^\y}\ Jiil J^Li, . SSIj^l ^ JaiJi ^Ij La oL.c.j . Jljj ^^ : by\y}\ (O 
. JaiJi l^ Jjjj j_^l aj^Vi (^I Diet. At. Le tube avec lequelle on Lancait le naphte 



\Ar ^^UJI ^j-.^ ^.JJI jSj yfcUill .ilLJI 0U2JUI jL>-1 

tLfJl (l)^liJl cJL?"^j (-jjiJi c-'^LSJj tAJl^ "^-iiij oj^>^ (J^ -J^ <^j t5^ 
a;^ -uSjJ (jUaJLJl t\y>r 1^^ J-*-^ t>« J^ j^j ^^-^ i5Ui*^^ oLkLJl *jbUiPlj 
^ asUJl oJj ^ 1^^- Jij ^Ul Jl OUaUl >: dUS ^LJi ^j . JUJlj ^L 

cy'l (•-^J ^x^ 1^ t>?*^Jj '^ ^y^J ^^j^^^ iilwL ^jj t«(j 

f^U^liJt Ajj ^ Sjj-iUl lj-jL»j i»JiJl ^^\ 7y>jii>\ ^JL^Ij tif:^ JS" ^ Sjj^Ul jlj-^1 
. i^diJl ^1^1 ^ tjJ^j ^\ ^y^ ^ ^jk^\ oIi-1 ^^1 lift ^j . JljJl ^.i-^ 




(Y) 



^.JliJl ^^l^i 1^^^ Nj coL^dJl ^ iLJi Nj ^^ ^N Nj U!>L- ''1^^^>^ 






4* H M I I 

^JjiJl ciL^li .i.jjJJl ^ 2^ji3l 4y» t^ tj^^ N (jl >5^--^l i> ti^^J ^C"^ 
J^^l ^_^jj cfiJ^p ^ ^y^X> L«» :l^lij OLo'Vl Ij^jj t JLaJI ^y> ipLJl dUL" ^^r^ 

^y^ ^ (»-fL-'J b^rr-^ tii^^Lj 1^1 ^ ,j\yJi\ ^ ^,-^ j%-«^l JUlj jU^Jl 

Ij» : 4-«-.o.j>Jt e!>L^ Juo ?:tjjjaJl ?-U^j tV^j^^ ^^j^ • oLjj5S L>^ U-^Ji (1)jj>-^^>*j 
•-^JJ . J-sr'^^N^I c^jJij 4j-s^jJt oij ouLsJl «-^ljjl o.^>tiij fijL«*yi I^^nr*!— • 



.J^^l^tJ^ (^) 






J^Miyi (V) 



i^^;-sAj <l)l W L m J I jAj , S-a-^^ jj-^ rtJj t-A,jCi c (1)15 jJ (1)1 JL^jJl (j.'a-iJJ La , g:< 
^y Ij^ ^j^ JL3 (1)15' (jUaJLJl (1)1 *5^ J>-jJ' Ujb-1:>-1 t^^j^; jJ' ^ 41^ JL^ Jj 

■^^y ^^1 «^jJl j_ji ojc^j '^^ (l)UaJLJl LUs I <c-a oLi^ Jj—jJl <tJl r^j 1 I'Jl 

/UUail 6UaLJl oUapU t^'^^lj jUaJUl oJLi- ^y (.liji jLi-U toJLJ> ioliVl jl 

^.JJI ^-U jJ^\ ^5L^I (.JLioj ^sjj^\ oi-^l -"^^ ^*^l t^JjJ 'cP^^' <>i-^' 

*_i-^ (1)^^:j^-J1 ^ ^^1 ^_^ c^jj t^_^^l ^ ^W-j i-J-AJL ^U" Lfj J.<^j 
^•y ^>ll tlH ^^ j^ J^ ^-^JJ ^u^^\ ^r^' J^ ^ Cr-^'-? ^'V^' C^JJ 



Quatremere: op. cit, : ^1 . JLJl y. ix^t 11* ^ :^j.,na„\\ jl toUiiil* UK jj- j*.^ ( ^ ) 

. V2, p 30 

. ^L5 jl ^,^1^1 ^ ^I (Y) 

.Y^A ^ t ^ t jljJLJl *>fc«-« :(_5j^>Jl oyLp .^jmSaJ\ o-i ^-^y a-^>* I'-.-iJi (f) 

cli^l :t|ji>Jl .j^->' oL-y i>- lyWI jl^j cAijijJl ^ LjU (JL-I ^^JLJI ,^^..2.;^t 015 (O 

,{\) ^j A-JiU- ^ t A ^ i.\ ^ 

i^t^JL^I^j.A^ ^ ci ^i.cjji\J b\^^J\ ^j>.^ ^ ^^y>.^ .d^LLJlB :J-^Vl^^ (o) 



\Ao ^^UJI ^j^^ yjiS CjSj >^Uall dUUl jUaJUl jU-l 



(^i ^j-^U^ ^y \y^jlj .<uJL«Ju s-tj^bU jt-*-jj tjj^lS ^2;jjJl <^-L-^ ^r^^^'lJ '<1>I^I 

(1)1 (i^yj tc-JJsj 0^^**^ ^ '^jA?' '*-^J <J j.».L>-»JI l,*.Uo U-U tUbJU jJh AJaxJlj 



cuSL-j .*-f]Lkjl c-L"Jj 4(i>»^ (J^ \jiy^ L5UL» ^^JLp Lil ^ ^A d\Sj .^^j.*_?- 

^M^J^ (^ ^o^j^*^ ly^'j 'iij>^j j^^j J^ cf^j 4(l)jJ-*^ JJ JUpL (_^liJl 
^yu uLsL-j (1)1111 L^ (l)l5j L^-oJLjJ ^JLa! ^il ^UJI L^ cJLt Uii .i^jljULJ 
J^'j 0^^>-^" L-Ljl ^UJI c^\i\j U^^U ^^p^ Jl l^jj ,j\J^M\j J-^l^l 



.(. \Ylo jilyj .(jLJl I^...A:5.5jLJ (^) 
.\0\ ^ tyiJl jU-l^i^,-,.a;:iuJl : ^IxiJl _j^l .t^yuAll Lw»jL -was- ^j ^Oi^^^' ^^ ^^) 



-r^' o-'U' ^ ijT^ ^2^ (^'1^ '^::-*^ o\ Jbo ^^^.^ ^Jt ^L^l ojU *j' 

t^I j-.i--<Jl (^^Ja-^li i,:^jjj>^^ -Lj-sAro jjhj tl)llflL..II ^1 jL->-**yi oJu o^jjj 

.o^L^P ^^ ^J^j y^^ jjjij Ji-jij tjL,j 

^JS^ t^j b^ >^ J^ /^ 

^^5L^1 J.JLL* JLi^ i^l^t (*J^ A3 jl5 iol5^l ^j^ jl ciJUi .-.^ jl5j 

L^ ^jA j^l iJ^ ^1 J-^jj t^^oi; L*^ iJLkJLJl i-Ju;Jt ^^ ^U LJ oU^ 

Cr-^^ (Jl ti-^^ jW^" i^^ '^^^ 5;-Jl <^iL- J ji;lj . i^j-^ Ijluj or^j'^ hi 
JJL^^ Jl d.<^j ol^l U iU^ J ^15JI dJUi ^jiy^ ,^^\ ^^ ^\^H\ 
T^^ Ij^ J\ J-^j UJl3 .OlkUt ^ ^J>- ^ ^^j a:>Jl ^^ ^s^ t^iU^Ij 
> ^Lj c JUJl ijj^ gi ^I^ dLUVt ^^^1 ^jLi ^^^t ^,a>^ Jl ^L^JI 
O^ b^}'^ -^^ -^JJ ^S^ tijjIJGU- <u-o _^ .(((»j<J» : Jli ?<ipL t^iJl iJjju 

: Jlij tiijUJi ci^^l dJUi x^ t«<uj Uj <a^ oy>I Uli» l^l^^^l JUi . (^jUll 
c-jL Jl ;3Uaj jLaj IjU j^ ^^^j^ 03 jl^j . «-^]Uii IjLL ^y. *^ iJu J^I Ul Lo)) 
tijli 2^)li- ^1 S^^JJI JU^j A^ ^jj 4j»-^ J^^. JlkLJl ^li tjJLAjdt 

^! c l^ \^sA Ui c ^i^l ^Ui Jl ls\^ ^ ^j^ . ((^..^.c^l ^j>JL IjU 
cf'^J tjLVlj y^U^L Ji^lj c-jyb j^ ^/l ^ jj^ jjj c^^ i^lij ^^^ 
^'j^b (J^j t>» '^ (>-*^--J '-^l l^'l^j ^(^^ IjJii-Ij I^U ipU^ L^ i>-^^*yLj 









L^1j>*J. 



i^^. 



t;^^^-^! jUjJU -.^^L^Ij jLiCJl (vJliSfl IjJyj ipU^ (H^ ^iJj tbUp-l dUS 

JLp L^ ^Iaj toU^ ^_^| Aj>-y ^-rf'j Ij^ J^' J^ U-* jUaJLJl f-y UJj : Jli 
** - ** ^ 

^ »Lim,qJJ l^ Oj.1,^1 dots' ^^1 /^ ^aSj jS'S 

JjJIp iS^h t^i '>^ J ^-^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ',^r^j ^^SL-jJl i^^y t aj^ jlL ^_^ jL>-l 

^.^^ JL^\ '^j^ ti^^j tyjt^ cy* ^-^ (hJ-^j -^ <^^j ^^^1 (»-*c^ ^>' 



. (jLJI 4..,r?rS, ywaiJlj .«l*^» rJv^Vl^ (T) 

.j. ^T^^ :js\jJ\ (0) 

••I •• 

.Jv'Vl^lJK* (V) 



ij^i cJUpj 4*jb^^l J::a* ^j-jli ijUj *wiJl /»-^-J^ cJlS'j t^JjiJl ^^-«*SoU liL.A^ 

4JL5 U ^1 1^L>-I J . *-*-i!^ y»t 4_5i <^«-« I^JL>Jj L^ D^l pjjiJi J---J oij 4 ijLa^-'j 

lyUWl JLi 2^>Jlj tOLkLJl ^jj .SjUJlJ ^^^;^ V-^^^ >L^1 oLkJLJl 
oUaJLJl tiL^j ■(%-^:H cJLtfjj jlS ji'L^lj VI Ij-l^l Ui t aJ! /»-fJL-j JL^jL; 
^jj>j t i^ J5 j^ ^^1 ^jjj 4JI c^j^\j t J^^-^l Jij LS^ l-jL ^_^ JjSj 

t^ t.5^^' tT-^ij 2^j-^' J-^JJ (^ ^ Ij JjbLii U J^^ o-*^ J-^J cJ-^jj 
^^ ^ (»-S:^"jLi^i iJLi SjUJi oJU» : JUj 2^^l J-^j oLkJLJl <-JLUj 

^lilj . JiJl Jei o^- 1^ ^L JIp A^ iijJl J^y .^Ij ^O^ jli'i/lj Sc^^'^lj 

(^^ ^y ^U^j * [Lijjb] oj^ j^jj ,^y-.^ j^j ^^j^\ ^lSii oJjb ^yj 



King: the knights . ^ijUl jL-y ,_;-j%. ^JliJlj c jliw.'^l jL-^l ,_;-e^ *^l-^l .r^^-^ tr^^ 

. hospitallers in the Holy Land, p 292 



JL.I oJb (^:ui ISlj t^-^ (^^^Li J.UI ^ ^V Nl cJl^ U cJl^ U u1» 
o^^-AX-^U ^^L^^U OjLs^j j_j-i-;-w»^ Lk_fJJL?-l [^^] L»_A^^j ^j-JJuhj ^>:^^** 

. ^y^ jJLP oJuJ AjJL^I C....t5'j 5»tJLsAJl ^1 Ij-^lj . fl^ j yO,Ly,oiJ 

^^^ Vb ^»X^» cr-^ i> j^^' " ' " ^* 



^% ^ AjUaiJl ollaij oLpL- j-^J f^ Oj-^J J.^^ «j-^J O^ j-^ Aj-^JI 
(^j oL*j>- iSO-«wa ^j f.\j^ji^j ilaJJ>- t_$JLi ijL«J ^J^l-^ L^L«J i^' ^^J oj-PjJl 
jLj^ ;5U^ ^^ ^^ C5^ i^ J^ L5^ cr*J V'^b J}^ C^J O^-^ ^^' ^J^ 

. ^jAJI ^-l^ ^^y ^\ ^ Jl ^^.^ ^UJlj t^>Jl ^^^i\ 
I^LJj lib ^^^L^ il!>U jiJli . Lki ^1 ^>i^U^ tij ^ o>^ bjir^J ^-o/^ 



.JLJl4«.i:i. «^:>wdlj .«^^*^j» :J-^Vl^y 
. Quatremere: op. cit, V 2, p 42 

. JLJl «u,^ «^^>wdlj ,«^^i» ^J-^^^ty 

.!• • tO<\<\ tOAl ^_;^ t\ ^t^^ji^^ ii^i j^ j*e-^b .K^l^u :J-^Vl^y 



Y) 

r) 
O 

V) 
A) 



^U3I ^j-; ^.oJI ^j ytlkJI ciUJi clkLJI jL^l ^^ 



^s> Ji J-^y Al!L* ^ ^jj cs>^l ,5^U^ J«i^ ^ Si'^j c^ULll Jl L^^ 
jl JLp UUJij ioJuJi jvJLj jLkJLJU \jilJ . t^jU-jJl j^i lj^>o jl j_^l ly_^ 

*/ t/^-^ ' ^-^"**^ t>!^' -'^ -^^' r^^ -^-rr-? ^(»-«^^ J^l '-f^^ >fr^J ^^^1 tJl 

Vc*^^^ iSj^^\ ^UJI ^ ojj-saLo (wJLpJI ciUi J,*^ (v-^jj • Sy&UJi ^\ li^j^j 
jl ^jj tL^jA. ^}i]j J^lj-Jl JLi. ^l>kJt jUaJUi ^jj ,<j\^>^ ^^Jh 
dii-j .Ai^ ^^jj^j ^j^\j» J«rj t6^ ^y ^j.^ "^ ^:>UI oJLA j2r» Js^a^^l JLJI 

(»LL« AiJ.>^ ^jj tSJLi^j SU- L^JU jyj tL^^U^ U^LJI ^!>UL jU5^t 



.Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. :^l . iUIiJI j\ ^SkuJl p^U ob^ (T) 

.(. \Y"lV :j5!jJl (r) 

.o"lo ^ t\ jr tt5ji>Jliii_^l^l (o) 



(_yil (»_JLjJi ^y ljJLf.<>jL--lj t(_$jL-! IjJ_^5Cjj jUVL) Uj-JL-j j,_^l ,_yJLp OUai^Jl 
\j> ,y^j .Vfj^ ^ij L^l aJJi ciJUb- ^y ^Vl ciiL. J-^y -p-^ij^li ^°'*j^l 
^L^ J:jUJI SL^\ L^ Jj: pi /^^j>!A)l J_^j ^jlp oUaLJl J^y tj>- jl5 

.IjJS "^\j^\ L^ Jilj l^.JU ^ t aSUi^j 

♦ ♦ ? * ** J^ * ^* 



•^^*^ (J^ ^ ^*^ -J^V^ C J-i^i ^C5iy^' Cf*^' ^-*>wJl 

.Y^•\ ^ i.\ ^cSiUJi^ixic :5:iijti^^u^ ^rro ^ 

,^\^^^ rjiijJi (r) 

.(. \\Vo :jiljJI (V) 



J f ^' Jl 2:> '^-j • r«-i-Ai ^^. j^^.^ ^..i^o o! ji ^LDi ^5L^i j,^;^ 

(^ p— JJ cJjJJ f\jAS\ j-AP-li .oJb J^ SjLoVl >^L^\j (^Jb^l J-^y teJb (>« 

tv-lJJtJJ ^jli. ;:.,-.^Lu ^^uVl ^,^^\ jju jJ^\j ^^.i^i^l ^.aJI (JLp ^bU 

J_J _^iL.^I ^'^^jLJ Jj^^j LSLp ^1 . .^.2.:. , 1 1 ^ l>4^y Jii gj^^l ^ 
JL^\ II* j^j . \ji:ij Ij^b low* i^ Jl JL^\ ^yi*. jL-j i^^^j»j.j_,.,i^ 
^j^ oi-^l j-A^. ^^/I iJli ^j:a JUu OLkJUl ^^^ |J .j5LlJ|j JJU^I ^UiJ-1 
f^ *c^i J-^>^ (jLkLJl 4j>-yj . t-lJJLJI ^_^ IjJj^ (ij-'*-* ^•■"^v ^^^li^ ^ 

U^ J>; U LXp Jl UaivJi lj^_. 1^15 ei^iJjL J.UI ^y^\ J\ ji:lj 

(jl ,y,,a>Jl ii-! JIp jjjJLi, V ^2,;jJL^| jl ^.i.a.rJl ^1^1 j.:>UI ,2r*-^"] ^^^c^i 

.UUiJi l^ j,.^ ^_^_, tl5;j. i,_^i ;JL-j ^_p i^i^i 0^1 ^_, .^UlJU 

o-U c-^jj . v-'Lli Uj JjiJi li^ (»-<-rH (i^'J ' "^ LlJjJiLsa- jj^ 1cs>-\ -uli |_^ 
c^ CJ15 ^1 0UL.V1 IjJbrjj t(_gj^ citAi^Vl ^^^Jwi^ p^ ^ ._j:kjl 



. la--. IS^ Jl ^J-iiJI ^ l_^_^- ^.JUI ^>]| : i_,.-iij| ( t ) 

. JUJI vi^. ^^f^^\j . \^. : J-/.SII J (r) 

. ^J-iiJl ,2,.^ (^i (O 

• IS^Ajalg;! (0) 

\^o.\^i^ . jsUiJi ^I ^-i ^xJ\ ^\ ^kj ^ :.Lj ^.,sUJi ^ L. (v) 

. «LUi.» : Ju.Sll J (A) 






">'>-'-"•>■»-" ^«r^'J toyU...^*JI OOAJl ^J IjJjtJIj l-Oj^J ^l-»3j -UP -^ L^ L» «-.*;>- 

lj^> owij^ 2^>J| ^yd t joJl ^ ^^L L^l^I ^ j-^ ^J^ ^ oLLLJI 



■1 



• -^"-^ o-i"^ jJ'j <Jj^_j ^_j <i jAxj jl^j 

^.j^Ji jtjai i_^L,j t^jL-I jjJj->. ^\j ^-fr^yiu jLf^ oLoVi IjJL- ^' 

c^ ii^ ^_^j ^^ ^ ^Vl (._^. ^j . dUi JI jLkJLJl ^U-li c JUI,Vb 
^y.jJl jO. ^Ml ^^j . oJUJl JLp ooJ^ J^L.^1 I_^a:l^| c^jUjl^-j ^j^:l^j 
:.^j c JUi^Mlj .LJI ^^Ij JjjL^ 3:,UiJ| J| ^^| ^_^_, ,^JL:i j|JlJ>Jl 
Jl JU-_pi (J^j t jj-^ i^ Jl j,.jL>»jls ,^^L;>^ ^y...j:S\ ^SJr^^. a'j^\ j^. j:^'^\ 



^^1 



^L^l ^^^ J ^^^[jlkLJl] ji;| c>J.,2.>^J| ^ Jbo- ^1 joJ Uj : Jli 

i^iJl (.jjh ^ OHlLJI ^_^j . ^JUJL; j^^U cjy>r ;jAj c^j^jlUIj ,.I_^V| JLi^j 
«I^ L'U ^^'c^^UkJl 3U,U ^.oJl pU, ^'-yi ^-jj ^j^l JI c^j^ Sjl>.:l^| 



.on^ c^ J- iJ_>JUi>;i (r) 

.•liyKJis :Y^con^ c ^ j- . ^^y.^iJU il/JI ^j .J^Vl^lJis:* (o) 



^i d\^j t Ifjl^ ^J\ oUj ^.JJI ei^ jJ^\ Jjj ti^jUl dJUb- «^^j l*iii\ 0I4J 

Jl JUi'^^l >j:rj 'o-^^ ^-^ a- W Jy ^^c^' <>- '^^^*^' J^J '-^ • J^' 
^y.jJl jjj .^^Sflj 'H^ cy ^.H^J^J *^L*^ OUjJ <>i-^I j^ .«^^' ^.rrJ (>^^ 
^1 <^yj t^L-jJL; obl:/>lj olijiaJl cJLJ>J 'l5>^' H^ 4>* ^L**h lij^'^'^' 

:[Ji>Jl] :"^^l LjJ J>. ^1 JLjJl ei* dO-j jU^ ..i^ ^ 
SJip IjJii^lj JL^I cUUb l_^-«-;j tij^l 1_^^ ipUj>- iy^j '(•-^^^j '-r'j-^ [j^ 

^j I. 4^L»J^I e>^lj 'W (>*J tr^'l^l O-.JIAJ jUJiSfl OoJaSj . ^-A>~J^ Ji*^ 



. A^'yi J IJISU (r) 
.JUJll4^^:UiS^li3^,,5:^l^U (V) 



.^IkLJl ^\SJ\ v>-^ ^Jj tOUul ^2;ijJl 

ipL*j>- ci^Lvsii t jIjJI iljLw-1 j.l:^S] ^^\ (^;-*-w> ^;^*^l jj!LJL>JI ^^ ^*^j 
Jj>]| ol5j . v^Ur Ji" ^ i^UajL ^L^t cJU^lj . aJI ^>.-^ij oLkJLJl o^U 

J\ ji-jb a:I jLi cSvsu SUj oTj oikJUi Ji jj^ijc5 jj2^ LJj . ^"^^L^Ui^j 
^ .i^L^l JJ j\j:y\ ^ as^Ip JU oLkLJt t5^ cL^Sf -k^^^ A^Ua:! 



JU A^dUlj ijJ^L ^U^Ij /L^i c.i^> ...i^iJU p^jj t^^lkjl Jl oU^lj 
Jl>Jl lift IjJLftLi LJ j^li JljJl yJjJij ^"O^JI '--^J •(^'^ ^Loi L^ lj^U:i 



.Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. : ^iail .o^^i-^1 «^*^ ^^^ >-^jJl --^^ ^J '^^^ <jj^ *'^j-^*»d 
JjjJl jJlL.^ ^> 'd.Uij . ^^ ^H JiiJ j>j . U-jUj i^^l (»^l>- e^:^ : JJi-lJ^ (T) 

.Dozy: Ibid :>:! . «Jii^.:;«^lBj «jb3JJl» UiA3 v^^U^' 

.(. ^Y"lv :jii^i (r) 

Dozy: Supp. Diet. :>;l .^>-^l j>-^l J a~^>JI ^^Ij^NI ^Ui_^l ^^ UJij : JUI (o) 

. Ar. 



<. JjiiJl J.. (».^ [Jud , jlUJU l_pUi-lj i.>«>Jl ^_^^UI p^j Uy.Ui Jl 2v- 

s:.^_ t(.U^l JL-'^yi t(.U^l j>^l J.>^l] JJb>Jl ^^^,_,A-^I ^ Ji3)) 

4J Ujji-j ijJjI^ Uj-^ jj^ o\S L« . oJLip iUjij^jj i>.--^l Jji^r J I oJ-^ ,;r*^^ 
cJjur '-4:^j 'jl.5 JS' jJLp _^1jJlJ| ojbj 'tT'j^l J''-^ o-* ij--'^^l "^^ c^-ji 

L. VI i]^. (Jj <.J^H\ OojJ ._i^_, t^M^I CUSJLjj oVy^yi CwJli^lj 

Jl_^^l .ibup^j ciU c^ ^i-^j t^^li^lj ^^^[4)1 ^Li jl] JJU«J1 :)iy>''y ^JUi 
^.0^1 f oi^lj ^"^ Vj>-JI J*^"j jc^iJl c>^l -^J ' ,^!j-Jlj ^"^ j'^lj (vi^lj 

j^ : Lp^ cJL5 L"j-^ C-..C-W ISIj tOj-Jl j-« aJU ,_^ijcjl Jk:i cjlj iJiA» 



^Va.a-Jlj^lc^liS'j'^l^.^-;-;^ t\ jr ^t#>.>Jli ^jJ-Jl c/'^^ V^^' <>>^l <^) 

. Quatremere: op. cit, V 2, pp 190 - 191 : ^Ij t \ lA . \ "W ^ c JiUbiJI ^1 
. (oJ^!) : l^^y^\ J J (Comte) V-^^l ^ y.^ (Comes) ^^\ JiiJUl ^,>; : ,yu^J^\ (T) 

. Dozy; Supp. Diet. Ar. : ^1 

. Ai>K:>lj V--->JL (Prince)j (Princeps) ^^\ JiAUl c.-.^^ jj.j ^^1 ^i^ : ;_J^| (0) 

. Dozy: Supp. Diet. Ar. : ^j 



*^l i.jLr *^j t viL- ^.JJ ^j ^l viL- vi^ Uj tiii-iL LijU ^i^^j .:»j.^^ 
"^ cj!^ L4JI tJu^j'U^j ._^ i-S'LkjI dkiiJu Jl Lv~i (Jj ^ih^ Li- .-i^j 

t ij^ -. jjUJl iiJL^ c^> Jj>)l iJl^ ^yj - oUwj ^ ck^ c5» '^^^ 

Jlp (»j»l:u;I> t L«^ l^'J^ui .iJUI_^! jLpIj .ii^LAj ^yi ^pU^j y. jr>J ' ^.■^' 
^ jj^yj ...iki^ >JI ^5^ ,^Jj J^J '-^LAJI c;^>J^ o-^Jl -^"^'i c> ^-^J 

t_^«.> «>^lj jlA:>l ^y Jj'^^l jj» II*j t^^UJ ^ ipUl ^^^^JD :Llij ^l::»:»j 



(O. 









tLJjJl ^ <^^ oOiPj "^1 (v^ Ji^I jl^ Uj t^iP -oUl^^lj 

o^- ^j^ ^j .lk)i;i- c^jj _^ . L^j (v^:^ ^tP o-^j Ml L^ A:^! ^ Ui 

^^1 JiiUI ^y i^l. jAj I i^.JiiJl i_J>JI ^ (Mareschal) JiiJ ^.>; : jLij^l <jLl^ ( O 
^U^lj o^U^I ^» : >-^l j>-^l ^ ^^jjjVl jJkv^l ^ .L^j (Mariscalcus) 
Dozy: :>;! . «,jJk^ j^r'^' 5iJij ^U-Jl iJji jJiJa.^ ^ «il^ Jl^ U.jj . «i.^l ^ 

. Supp. Diet. Ar. 

. Quatremere: op. cit, V 2, p 193 : >•! . ^*UJl v-^ ,».«-» o\^ Oi-^1 ts' C*) 



c^jj ^j cjbj. iiJU ^ t5^ULi3 c^U ^2;4i^ ^jl J^j ^'^dL-L.bj 4jUaiSJL jj_^- 

pIj^Ij liijLk: \y^'i si J ojLkJij i^UJjIj ^^-^.-^Ij .^gi ^ ^S jLij 
o^^ ^--c^j 'OJU ^ l^l_^Ij iJj_^j c J^::>„- ij>.^\ JJ LjaJI jU. Jbillj 

cIL^Lkjf i^l; ^ jl5 U ^^^^j c^i>5 ^i^j c^_,_JL; O^j ,J.^ ^_i 
^^loJl ^ ^Li>J 'c^l^JW ^UJU-Ij ,^UJ1 ^ dLU^i U^^ix^l^'^^Cj] 

.L5:L- Lw Lftl^l _^ tiiU S_^ Ljijl, b\Sj iLoJi; <u>_^i t5^I jiij i,_^U!L 

^^ 1^1 J_^j lA':KJi\ ^ 4i\ *iUj Lu ciU (^^1 ^ . .,to IJL* Llis'j)) 

^ Uj .oli U i^o^Jlj ipUJi ^ ilja:L^- jV VI iJ>I U 4il J^j col_^Vl 



Quatremere: Ibid. V 2. p : ^1 . (Dames) L^>J| iJLSOJ ^.>; JUUI IJUj . .L-jJl ^^I ( \ ) 

.191 

.^sx^i n^ t*\"iA^ 4^ ^tij^i^ (r) 

. Quatremere: op. cit, V 2, p 191 : J^\ . J-^Vl ^ liSCjh (O 

.[!• :M]<t{;^^.iOj^;...^:JL."^^^':L^ (o) 

. JLJt l^^,,^ 5:>UJ ^;;J_>SUJl ^ U (V) 



■ 

jj^\j jlJi:>Jt ^'^[.iU.] Oi-^1 jJb ^bU L«JL- oJiiJl oUaLJl (O-- LJj 

^l_^l t_-Jj 0^. ol5C jls^^ Ajjjj f Ui:^ j^ ' aJI U^^ 



I jL=r l^>^ l^j c oUiJt ^y^Ij t Vl:^ y\i ' oli^l el* ,».«5a^ ly^ ' ^i 

(ijj J *5L.j <. jU^ ;jLjl^-j ^Ij t iJL^*- isU:^ J>^l lyj ' t>-j *5U:Uij J^ j 
L^ t^ljjl ou^j tAjJb oj-~*i-j AitA^'j ;jUj /U-^ oj-~*i-j Aj'tAij iiU ^y^j 

.Quatremere:op.cit,V2,ppl90-191 :>lj t ^■^A- ^■^V 

. JLJI U-^::i Silij ^^jSUJl ^ U (X) 



^^^^ u-jrA Cy.^^ d^j y^Uill vilUl clMJI jL».l 



« « 



J^;X**^| ^^■-M.ftjl 



c (.Ll ;::>c Lui, (^ Lj ^L^i ^^u c uTjj i^i .ullji ^^ cj^y Uj 

. Wi ^UJI ^jv^U ^-bU o_^j ^'1^1 J.J ,^^ ^-^ ^j^ [^^ 
jir> : oyjj <J jUi c^yj j_,^_, _^j ^LSfl ^yuu ^ ^^ .ULLJI jl ji;lj 

^ a^lj CO.UP dUi (Ji^ ,'Lj.i ijLkJ ,>,,....*i-j jLkii ciVT oojl o.U^ 



l4>cii 



i^UaJl Jl Ji: oLL- ^f ^ i,U» Jj LJj tA:i^y^ J oL.ai U5 t4:j. 4)1 ^j 
^, ^ : (»^ olTj i^jA^j dLU; J*lj ^^1 ^ ij,\^ ^\j ^\ i^ J 
J .LiUJi JU* o^ J_^- ^j .^LkJ^i ^ ^ ,__^ ^ ^1 JUp JL^ 4.1 JUP 

,,5*^ Ui^ l_^jj t L^Oj iJl j^^I ^ iji^I o>^ V ^I L^f ji;| ol JU^ 

iiU ^ oi jp^L .i^. dUu^i ^ .^! j^j ^^ i,\sj , ,;^! ^,_, ^ 

J^'U^ A^l p^ ^^U ^l>. 0l5j .^ ^jy. OJ^I JU i_^Sfl J_^|j 

cI^ljM i^iki^ ^ o.^a^i j>-i i^ ,«^ J uJi \^j^ .^j^j ^j\ 

. ^ I .^ i- . ^1 ^L l_p^_, ,p^| ^j j,.^ jUl jjJL^i ^>i . <'>;;;UiL*j 

.(. A"lA rjiljJl (Y) 



Y . \ ^UJi ^^ oi-^i o^j y'Uiii ^iii*Ji oU*i~ii M"^ 



y.j ^jji\ JUL. J! i^ J5 ^ J^. JU ^ ,_;A*^ J^lj 1*1*1 ^Loi 
,2,^j o- i- Jl c^lSlj toUUJl tiji t^^ jl:^.i p-L-- J^ Cj^j 'V*^ ^^ 

.^\S L. -^ o-jlJ .^i r'^V ^'^Ul^j IjLii ^1 yu ^M /LJL* (.j^I 

Uj tUi jUaJ ^VT iL^ OL. LJ 4j Jbrj tiJJl _^j J^-~^ cULJl L^-jL^ J^SJ 

^% ^ Jt^j! dJUL. tiJUl y^j .> V >li 5*.jl JUJI o^ J^l^ J Ol^ Jj 
^ ,_yi>LJl ^^UJ ^^ jUJL- cUULJl Lj^ui jl Jl p^l tiO.! ^y o^j .1^ 



i>->J' 






.(. \»AA rjiijJI 

.J. \»^\ :j3ljJi 

.» \»^v rjiijJI ( 



T 

r 

i 



^ 

V 
A 



iJ^I ^ .iiU J5 Ol j^ c j5>jl:^ .u-I ^ 4JI jLuJi ^^1 dUUlj j^>Jl 

crt-^l ^^ (-fr^-^j Ij.^*j:^I (.LJJL; (.^L-VI iJjJU. .iUi J.^1 LJLi . jj.^ 
^^^U* Uu^j 'j.;^!^^ ^^^U* j>-^ iJjjJl ^L^j 4 jJL-j ^_^U9 ,>^->i» 

<u)l 450*1* oj^^ ^jii\ a^c::_J oj% Jl jL-j ^1 J ^jj ,^^ ^\ jiJj 

J^ 'oiJ-^ ^^ jL^JJ 5y>j • U.4^ ^Ul J\ <5X. Ji:Jl >NI J^ ^.^ 
JU.J ^ ^^ ^U ^ , ^Li J^j jl Jl l^ (.islj , L^j i^U^I Jl ^_jj^ 






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^Ul ilj:^ ^.Jdi ._i^ ^"^l Jjj <.<^J cj^ ^>i .^'U ^>- N/j ^i.^! 

• »y^ *^1 (^y. *^^J "^i-^ 

aJI ^\j .^.jJI .:^^/ ^.JJI (.L^ j^^\ A.a-.^l ^L^l ^ (.ai-j 



. -.jjkLill .L^-L; Ljj-. ^yj-iJI v-!>^l Jj' i^ -^^j-J • ^^"J^iJI ^l^i^ ^^ VJ • £.->■»--" 

.Y^Y iY«i 

.,. ^YVA :jii_^i (r) 



.^'Ul f^ .^'Ul ^_^Uj toUUaiVl -c-iljLi>J Jii-!j -cjyi oj,yj tii:L^UJ| 

j^ : 5x«-i]t ^i ^L- cu^l ^_^ ^_p Uajl isUjL^j (^^^v^-'j ^■;:— ^^— t^j 
JiiJl (J t^LJl x.^ ^^^^1 JL;>._^ :U>a Jl ^L^Lj x^^Jl dJULJl jLkJLJl 

. ^j>J\ cJUajj (HJj*^ (Jl ^L^l Oilpj 

p-Jap (3^ l^^ /t-*J t ^ tf ;^ I ixK^kp i;L>t^ cuJLU oLsiuaj j^.t ^ : L^J 
Lg-^Lr 5jL* ^_^ ^jj t J5ljb jlpj Oj-^ ^-*— j tjUl^ OLJ L^ ^-^j <-6j^ 

, ^iSCJl aJ Jp-Jb UJi LfLLv! ^Jl If^Ij (J-* »j^' c-U^ idpLs^ 

^y.yj . jJL*Jb <.UU t-J jili t jUiJUl ;.>J IjjW-j L-jJi- J-i-»^ i«^>l ^ -J 

^J^> 0?* Oi ^U^ y, ^^ V Oi-^' c^;^ »U2JI ^IS J>P /S 

tJj\yL^\ iljjJl ,j^ ^>. JUj>.- ^y.jJl ci^ oUUl ^^li ^""^^yj 4)1 JL* ^^UaJI _^! 
^j..^^ Ix^ ^[i ^ J-s^a^ JlS jl5 <d\ ciUi .....^j . JLill <j>.ji\j j.^^ ^LAiJl ^ 

cuw>lj . j'^l Jjjii tjv^;^! t.JlS' 4if- JLu jLS'j tijliSGl ^y:- }>^j JioU tjj^ 



(«) 



.(» ^Yvv rjii^i (\) 
.Mr^ cY 

.«^» :>Vl^ (r) 

.niv^ c^ ^tJ_^!>:i (o) 



Y i \ ^UJI ^^ ^.oJI ^j ^1 il.lS 4^-^. ju^ ^\ j^\i olkUl jLi-l 



^y* /«-*-=ri /»ULilj JJLsJb SLsiJaJl pL^ JUjuJI dJLLJl OUaJLJl ^J,^J^ '- Lft*_? 

J>Pj t^_^LLil jlXii^ ^2ri -J^-*^^ (>!^' lT-^ ^'-*^' cr^Li! i^^-jL- ^1 ^j^l 

^.^ ur* <>^^ t^i t>tl-*-" cr*-*^ cr^LSJl 4j>-y?j t^^UaJl jj ^^JJI >p i^UJl 
Jl A5UU ^Ul ^y-j <,^y^\ ^^^ ^L* ^y L^l J^y ti>*^l ^i Oi-r^J 

«^t ^2r; -J^-*^>*^ <ul -J^ t_5jl tlri-*Jl cT"*-*^ t^-^I sUaaJI (_yv5»U sUj cJlS* : L^j 
Jjj t/JLJij lA^\ ^ U.*^ L/ OL?j .^^- jl Jl UkJl JUiJil JLp jyj 

ojL>'l ^ ^i<^j j-s^^ ^^5^' sUj jS'S 

^-^jl^' t/ (^Ji^l (^ly.l oi-^' -^^^ o^ ^^^"^^ Oi^' (.r^^ Cr^' <-^ ^-^ 
oyil Ijlw« ^ jL^ : jUi tjUJi <j cJiijJ ;^j toyil Iju* t«A5Ulj jUjJl ^^^l^^» 

;^U^ kA2i\j ^ikLJl jj^ JJLj JliJ (.oi^l ^' c-o^.j>Jl JlL. ^L^I (.JLi^. 

jj>i\ Jl UJIj t J^:> Jl ^j^ ^^Jl^ ,hj\^ J^U Lltiy ^1 .UP Ll (»Ai-j 
^y. ipU>o ^^^x.l>"l -01 JUJ tSj^l Jj>o Aiojlj j^ SjUl^j i^lSlj i,^y»^\ ^aJI pU^ 

.iJLLJl ^Uj:^! Jilj .ybUtll .iJLLJl jUaUl ^y.j -cj» j^^ U^ oj^j ^^^^UaJl 



.(. uvv :jiljJl (Y) 



^L^t jl5j .iiULJL o^LJ ^^Ul dULJl i»JLi- ^ JJL-Jb 4^1L« 5X« ^^ -o y.Lk!l 



^^^\ 



^ b\S ^ ty»*UkJl dJULJl jJ^^ Uuj o^li c^^JJcJt JL-bul ^y.jJl c-i^ ^1 

jlkJLJl J^ LJLi tlJ^l .^^Ls^ .I..; Jl dlLJt ^,.. J i^LJl ^1 oLkJLJl ^jy- 

-5li^ o^^U tAj ^^^Ji^rlj aJI oUaJLJl ^y^ tAJLP -ujI ^_^j tS^yji ^_^1 ^ jllp 

A.J.^>.^>JL oyfcUJi y»Uaj ijjij 4J ^j oJLip Jap Ai^ .^i olkLJl ^_^lJ LJj . dJJi 
(J-i^^j tijjij ^^J-5jLj tSjlJLS' iL4.^>tj IjL^^I L^-JLp c-iSjj tilLJaJl ^J>y^ j'j-^ 

t^J-ilL ^_^JLsAJl i-^-JLS" /»JLfcj tpJLi; Ui* ijjij LfJUjTj c^JLLP ^^^JajJl 4-.>>.J.iCJl 



.y^JiJl ^J IkiJl ^jj^^ v^^ ck^* c> '-^^ (^) 

.(. >ni :jit^l (Y) 



(1)15" Uii ti^J-soij j»-AjJb WxH' v^*^ *j>=r (*^ J^ c^ ^^"^^1 '^^^-■c^^ t(_5ij^t 
J^\j^^k\ ^\ slj c^U .^ ^ jL^ ^ Ul til ^L^l ^y^ ^ 

t jlSUJi dJUi oJu^ JUJI 015 Uii . ^ : cJLii . «LkJL^j U^loj ^^y» If^ J 

4^ j« <iJUi .iU j^. ^^ t^LiJl Jl ^D) : J JIS <. c-*.,::^! Uii t^_^,-^ 
^U:l>-I j_^ J-A>iJ tSj^L SjUcJl oJL* cjJi^ ^] Ji[^ -uil jJLii . (i|»_JiLp oLi 
^-jJL. jl ;^ ^j t^^Ul dULJl LoJii- ^ OLT U yoUiJi dULJl jLkJLJL 



A^sJ>^\ ^ ^\j jUaJUJ 






jUaJUl :iU LJj : JU . oU jl Jl -dUiPt J Jj. ^j to^S ^Ji: U <!UipIj Up 

. ^-Uj A^ x^l ^jy A5::AtL ^ jJL-^ Jl p^t ol> ^y 

V. ;^ ij t^y-JlSCJl (^-.^aJLIIj jv-Atj-xJl Ja-«j 



<lJ Jl^Sflj v-Li^ _^ Jl^ cJLTj t^l J il.>- S_^ jjAi ^ (.UkJl 
^Jb L_^j tSjU^I ilLJ ^,.sii- ij^l ^Ijjl ^ ^I^Sfl ^ o^j SU^ .-^U. 

•••• ^ tl t .till t IW.. t *l ^ t ¥*_*.*.__ >. *. ■ .1. 



px>JI (J.J>«^ 






^uJi ^^ ^.jai ^j ^\ ji.ii -^y, ju^ ^.jai ^u jUaLJi ju-l r 1 1 



aJ ^ SybUlL ^UJ! ^Ju.>«Jl ^! ^jiJJl JU^ jJ^\ Slij oJl^ : Uc*j 

.jjJt j^jJlp ^_^Uj -oil <«^j (ijlS'j 

.l^^^l JL^I ,_,.w>^l ^U^t >L.aJ| dL,I ^.aJI ^ ^^1 Jy : U^j 

•• •• *• ••' ■ 

tAii^ ^y! (J ^Jii: U5 <JLxipI JL3 ybUiJl dJULjl jLkLJl jl^j .^^r^-iUl ^L5^fl 

pUJUU U>«^ L^I La^ (IjLS'j . (_$ywaJl iil^L pLujj'yi a^j ^ ^^3 ^ V^-J -^^ J"**^ 

•• •• 

Ji jlTj I Jj;^fv9 t_c:vU» ijjb .-ijytJl jiLfri jjj^l (_;~w jc^S/l (^y : Lfij 

ciJULJl ^^^^2;jl ciJULJl Jup Ju.>c^ ^I ^y.jJl pL^ y^UJl ciJULJl l\ij ^\S : L^j 

^^ JUj>i^ ^ (^! ^^jJl <Ju^ JjlUJl cLLLJI jUaUl r^\ j^y--P ^y^JJl t-3j-i Ui^l 

Jul Jt ciLUJt o-jj Ai^S ^^^J>- Jl :iUi tojiiji J LJl ,^^l3 jJL..Jb J^l 



: JJj tL^I aJ^ji wUp oUi (. A.iy.,a aiS'jjiU t^j^a--*-?- tw^U? ^y^ jijlji Oi^' -^ 



.«4J_)i-B :J-^Vl^ (T) 
.(> \TTo :jil^i (r) 



iLaip'yi j^ .^l_^l ^ SJKJI ^ . J>>^'VI ^./ oL^yVl ,>-^ jJuJi ^ 

.a:Uj ._^ ^ ,4io>- ^ cA. 4il ^ .^_^1 ^.jdi ^ ^1 ^^ jlSj 

> ^^[1 b\ : UL^ v.> ^.»^ V^^l ^ ^'^Crt' C->^ ui-^l ^ J J^ ■■ J^ 
ciiLJl jLkJLJl b\S : JU t L^j aJjl^ jlL^ i^Ji ixJaJLJl ^U ^'!>UJI j^Juj ^__^\ 

4 J^j.*^ ^Jj j! ^j^UJjL .wi^^ j^ JbJLt x.^ ox^ y^LkJl ciJLLJt ol^j : Jli 

- cJ_^l ^S ^ y^Ull .ilLJl iJK. _ p^i i^ ^ J^jy ^^ ^jlJI ^ ^j 
A;i> ^ iU Ui 4>-T \/\ cxj^ ^i /Li 4.LU3 ^j j[^y\ J\ -ojLiI aJ (.tAS:. 

a:! <i*s J j^-j cUi! dUS ^ jJL- y^uJi dJUUi ^Ui u. j_^>.4i. ^ui ^^j 

iaJU-. ^ -Ai-^ ^ A. ^_,^il^- ;i^C OLL* jUaJUJj JJL:-! ^i JU ^aja. of ^ 

yoUJi cdJULJl (.LJ jiJij toju ^ Ujl^I JjL^j <(^^_ ^y "^1 '^ L^ v^rA; "^ 

5^UJI ^UiJ y^lkJl dUuJl (.LSj . aJ L. ^jJ.j Ajjb-j ^j^l J^ oU aJjU ybUJi 
A.»wij Uj yJ^. 'y y»j SibJ! JLp obUj yxUJl dJLLJl Jb ^>. ^L^l ^JU\ JJAi 

dlLJl \Jj . pAi: U^ oLoj ^^1 A^ JL:L-tj J-^-j oLLLj t^l jUT <^ ^^JUl 



. JLJI A«^ j^^-wadlj .K^» :jj^\^ (Y) 

.(. U-\A :ji!_^i (r) 

.«J^b»:J^V!^ (0) 



^UJI ^^ oiJJI o^j Oil o\-\i '^ji JU^ Oi-*il r^li oUaUl jU-l Y in 



ijL4Jj Lo|j.s^ li (jLS'j t4j«-« Loj il^Vl jj-'sj^ iJaJLJl 5jLJ ^I jLkLJl <iij *^ 
L^j J\ ^.aJI ^^^^^ ^j^l JUl>Jl ^LJI (.UVI ^1 -eUj CJL5 : L^j 

i^LJl JUix: aJU^ ^AxiJl ^ U>jji\ '^\sS :lf^ SJLul- Sj^^^JL- oLiwi- aJ jj^t 

L.J ia::.. J5li aJI J-^y^ ^iiij I4J j*^l aJ >:^. olSo tt^^j 0^ ^^^ ^ ^y VV 
Ai^^U- (^jJJ jJiLJI ^«-«».>*J caJ^VI iioJL>Jl jl^ (jr'j^ <^^j -^y j^ J^ (^ 

5^ j-*^^ jikLJi Ait:>Lj tAJUil ^y aJLp jis:::>L yUill dULJl olkUl A^l^^ 



.|. \YVV :j3i^! (r) 

.(. \Yrr :j3i^i (o 

^»:J^Vl^ (0) 



YiV ^UJI ^^ Oi-»^l j/j cyS Ol^lS ^^ X^ jiJil r^li 0U»1-JI jV-!-l 



(Y) 



'U*JI Jby>:j J-i^-b 41-lSij A LiJI Jl :J^aU\ 



M^Sfl >,^^.,^:..lj tOU ;5^ ^y.JLlI |.L-^ ^'yi i:ol -uJlIIjj t^^-^i- ^y.-Ul ,»^ 

^V- jn^'^^ ^j^ I vl-^lj ^i^viJl /L>*JI i^ J-L.Jb olUJl ^iL-l LJj 
:.^j .^^l^ Jl ^j:o o! .y!j .^^[T -.yLP ^ ^UJI ^"yi Oj^ Oi-^l 

^ulj ipji ijs ^i A>-ji. jl oyilj eiVT ij^is- ^ ^_^...*-iJi t5j-->j jjjJi jAj ^^j-'yi 

^yi J-i-«Jb cLilj . i^JCjS j^jJl (_ij-- _;^'J1 V^J i<w»l_p-j aSUUji ^ J-i-*-^ >* 
t^^JUJl y^i-- ^.JJI ^ jJ^\j <jlJ^Hs ji:^ ^.JJI ^;...«-i jJ^\ y\^\ ^\y>i\ 

. aJI ^\j y>Ui!l cULLJl ojJlj sUj Jbu -cp ^l^^ JiS OUaJUl Ol^j 

^,.^:..«^ ^ ^^, Ol -UP (.-Aibolj yl^'^yi Aj^l\ ^,j>c^, olkJUl iljlj : l_^li 



J! ^LJJL ^>L?ljJJl ^Lt ^„>i^ (^y t^JaJLJl ^^U pI^^I ^.-.^li tolkLJl 

."lo..-iM^ c> 2^ c tiji^JJ lJ>JI >:! (T) 

."^'^ • c;-' ^ > 5: ^(iJi>-U iJ>Jl ^ AiUI :;:ijSUJI ^ U (r) 

UUl- ciLJJl UJi_^l oju J^ ^^..^^ ^J^ '"-^ Ji^l 1^ •-^^'^ vy^ • uijlj-^l iLi (O 
iUj ju^l ^\^ iLij ci^UJlj ^^1 jb iUj Jl_^l ii-i (>• c^Uaii-*yi Vr Ui^l 

. Demombynes: op. cit. index III : ^1 ^-f^^^yj 



^Wl ^jsJ Oi-^l OS'J oi' i'-lJ ^i^Ji -^-^ OiJJl ^l^ :>IJ»^' jV^I Y iA 



j^ I. 4Jt-U-j c-jLx^JI IJL* i_ilj^ aJj : ^ ^iUj^-j i>;?*r-'J /*r- ^^— (jf*J »-^tj«-«Jl 
^ ^JL^ ^ ^t ^ dUU ^ > ^ ^Ip ^. t^j] ^ <^ ui'^j^ o^.^ o',^^^ 

?^jLJI ^ ^^-s-a-^ ^^-^-^ t>* .,-^^,^1 SjjJUj oJJj^ (JLS'j i ''J ciiaJj 4-Lp ^0)1 LLp 

4* 

^UJi ^,^-^1 ^1 ^.aJi ju^ ^Sfi oUj ^'^[/s] 

ciULJl :)lkLJl ijl^^li^I J^j . ^J, ^^jJl ^ ^UJI dJULJl olkUl ijl^^L^I 

iU^I 0^^ jl^j .j^ ji^tj l^J\ J\ oL^^I ^ L^ t JU: 4ul A.^j ol^j 
'-^b • (H-:^^ j^l J-^^ v^-Ti b\Sj tojjol o^L oJj^ ^^y.*-^ ^j ^o-LJl ^ 



^ij 4.V 5^r:r- >^>j c^iiSJi iim ^ j_,Vi i>j-^i ^1 . (» ^rrY /_jb vrt i-- ^yj . j. 

. V Y i 



J^-JJ UU-j 4 J^'VI ^^L OIjlJI J^ U^y^ oU;U-j i^LUJ i-jX. jJL.Jb 
ULJj t Jlj^bU ^U-aj>«:j Lli^j tl^^j L-i^j L.^ y&jdl jU-j ^y. ol5j . ^jUJI 

r^l <j^^^^ toiVjI i-Ji-j O.^ Jvili ^>- ^^1 (>->oj tiiSlkll oJLA ^ Ay»^\ 

^■"^JJJI oUo- o^^.4>^^ j,^ 1^15 LJL? ^^ «^^J^ ^ Vj aJU (J15L- U t-ujtjj 
^^L^lj i*JbJl ijj'Vl ljj-<>^j t^t^lj^I '-^J^j (t-fJl^ '-^'i^ cuA^li (J^jjij 



r.,- t 



: jUi ^jliJt ^2;jjJl a--ij ^JJI 4;^JCulj tj*-^|JLo 

^ ^L^t ^^^^^ ^ ;^U ^ ^-^ ^i WL:^^ o^ lil ^ La 



. ^ \ Y • n : jiljJI (r) 

.tdUijB :J-^Vl^ (0) 

.Jl«Jl4;-^ j^j^wdlj .iyuUU :J-^Vl^ (V) 

.«Jil5y :J^Vl^ (A) 



«^U^ A J j:s>~ i.<:Sy_ jliipU ^_p^, lykUkJl dUUl (JlkJUl ^y LSUi* b\Sj 




iiybUkJl i^jJuJl ,^.jJi; J^j tLiiJ ^Uli UJU^ li^i^ ^U-j b\Sj / ';5U:u-j 

jX^ ^^->.t.il oU^aiJl ^-s^LflJ (JJLaJL) i.^il>Jl oU^aiJt p-lwi* tj^ji CjL» L«Jj . ^Aaj L^ 
iJl>Jl SUlaJI ^^li jl5j t^^:>Jt ^^^j ^ j^t ^_^! ^;^ (jUJ^ *^^l (_^I ^2riAJl 

jj,»jj JJ aJ| j^^j-ii t(l)LkJuJl ij^ Ijj'-^^J JJLaJj L-»jXa Jj^ l)I JL-» (1)1 la 1 ...ll 
oJLfc ^1^ ji-^ (^Lj ^ L^ ^^^;«--jJUJl j^j-b*- p-IJLIjI L^lS'j tjJwiJj Aj^UaJl a^jAaJI 

jJLm:? (^^LflJl j-*.x^lj ttcSjLaJl jV"-^! ^V^J /^-^l L^ A-jJUJl (^p*jj-x; f^jj tii^l 

•• •• 

diLJl (jlkUl v>^ (>1JJI Jl ^^j^ jLi jl^j tU^ ^U (jlj^^I ^>j ^>.-^i 



.(. ^T^v :j3i_jjt (T) 



ji>«Jl ^j\^\ ^\ Jy :>^t ^j ^ y^p ^\j SsM\ aJ ^ L^j 

(^^--r^' tj^W^I J^'j^-l i>. j'^-* cH. .r-'^^' i>i -^--»^^-- c^l^^l >i' i^-*^' f^ 
^U j^^^l (»^ ^y ojJj^j . L.y c-jL S^^^i^ j!>L-jl j^-^l <^ 4>3:>j t J-wiJj 



^^jJl ^v- ^'^' oc^J ^t^^l ^l^^fl o^ ^j : jy^l C^-> ^ s?^ '^-^ 



.(> ^Yr« :jiijJi (r) 

. J. ^ Y V '\ jlj /j.> ^ 1 Jb^Vl j>je L^jl Jil^. (n) 
. jLJl l^^.^^ 5.1J ^^^5UJI ^ U (V) 



^^^ o^jTA Oi-^^ j^j Crt' i<*l* *^y. -t*^ ji^l j^U JU»1-JI jL^t TOY 



j_^l l^ij i«^. L. ojj^.<^lj iljLj_^ ^_jj| >.i..., ^"^1 ^1 lj^,-A^j l_5..,.,j:^li 

eji-lj ciUi ^y, ^-i^C^ ijlj!^\ JC^ JjJUI ^_^,..^ ^"^1 jyA>^^ dUS jlTj . o_^. 

yC^\i I ^J^ Ljli ^j^J\ Syl ^yliJl |._^| ^ ^ jliJUl jytJ^ ^_^ . 4JI .Uwij 

. ^ly.Sfl i^ J^\ Oijjj . (.Lj ;*^ J^\ yC^ ^_jd| ,_,...<^ _^^if| JLp 

oe.j (»^ sybJij a>.^i j^j si>ji ^ ..i/'^i iy. /s 

4i^p^l jLoJl Ji j-^^^^-j JL*Jl dOJl oUaJUl 



cs^ 



^ liLij LJ! jj^ iljLj_^ ^_jj| ,_i^ jj^\ jiD : <J :)V^_ jLkJLJl J\ \j^j 

4 J -J- I,»i5>^ ' v^l JIp ^j\j ^\j^i\ Jl o^.^U ila:_^ ^.jJl ^L^ ^\!l 

^y.jJl ^j.,^ jj^\j ijUiSfl ^^ ^_jj| ^_^,,^ ^Sfl .^^_, jILlLJI |.jGj .^'^^\ 
\j2i\j Ui I ^j^j A^j |v^ .-ikL-j 1 1^1 jljUlili^f (^ybUkJl ^^.j5uJl 
ooc^lj .^^>;^,^l li-. Jl jLkJLJl saJI , <'>^^l c^> ^' 'p ♦^ Jl 



.Ym ^ c "^ 2^ c^^i^ ^^ji3 ^y 5yhl_^l f.^1 _^l .J^:, ^y ^_^ (>) 

. JL_JI [i.. / , :», SjLt} ^jS^I ,2k; U (Y ) 

. «S!5» : ^l_^lj . J-^Vl li^Oh (r) 

. JLJI l^j.^ S:,li3 ^_,SUJI ^ U (O 

^^^ : 15.^1 oji li . j^ Jl ji^:, ^ c^^ lii j3i_^| ^■p j^i. jjl ^ ijj : sjiiji (V) 



l_^3:j yi \jL^ji cAi^v^l jLjJI Jl IjjL-j Aj^j Ui ^j^JI (^Lj .l/*ilb 
ol>i! ^.Jl!I .^ ^Vlj cjlJUU ^ ^^UJI j'^'*^! a^j o-.^l >^ ^1 

\j^cJd .\j^S\ J-jIj i3a:_^ ^>.JJI ^^ ^'*^1 U-j-ip ,j^ c^ L-*W -1^'*^' 
^.jlJI _^ ^^*yi JL^ ^^ Uj .^UJl ^-^ Jl o-^l J^^J •^-■^1 V'-^J 
jJli^lj .-oy.UJL Dj-jy :;.aJI ^i^ ^"^1 jl^ Jl SUJ OI>iI ji^Jl .!>Uj ^/^\ 

. jUi>JU A*x-.lj ;«JLiJl ._.y >^jJt DLL ^^.OJI ._v- J:^-'^' 



^.jJl ^ ^**yi J\ jA-i oJlS ^j c>Nl ^j ^ ^li S**^l {.^. J J^^ 
^0.! ^.JJI 3P j^'yi L>^ lj:>Ui Ajji^i ^ ^ ^ >pU .^^1 Vi ^LlJl 

^.jJi ^j jJ^\ .JUo ^LiJi jSL>Ji ^>. i^ ,^~^ 5i> ^ iU u jj-j^ cy.-^\ 
^! _^ ^ j^^j c ^^^...^jtJi jii\ cji^\ JU^ ^Mij ct5>Ji ^i^iy oi-^i 

^Ul ^0.1 ^Jdl ^ ^*^l J-^jj t^^^-.*JtJl ^I oi-J^I JU^ ^^/l (►■^ti* Ij^-^J 
LJLi . AJjliii ^JL^ ^ IjJl^j ^.JUI ^I^NI ^>J a^ j^j y> J^i Jl (»LiJb 



. JL-JI 4-^ j^P^wdlj . • Ji;» : J^Vl ^ (^) 



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Butcher: Ers. E. L; the story of the church of Egypt. Smith Elder, Lon- 
don 1897, (2 V). 

Dozy (R.); Supplement aux Dictionnaires Arabes, Leiden, Brill 1927. (2 
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Lane - Poole, S;A History of Egypt in the Middle age. (Methuen, Lon- 
don 1914). 

Le Strang: G; Palestine under the Moslems. Watt. London 1890. 

King: E. J; the knights Hospitallers in the Holy Land. (Methuen, Lon- 
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Morier: J; the adventures of Hajji Baba of Isphahan. (Humphrey Mi- 
ford, Oxford 1924 - 1925). 

Quatremere: E; Histoire des Sultans Mamloks de L'Egypte. Paris 1837 - 
1845. (2 V). 



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