NILES*
WEEKLY REGISTER.
CONTAINING
POLITICAL, ASTRONOMICAL*
HISTORICAL, STATISTICAL,
GEOGRAPHICAL, AND
SCIENTIFICAL, BIOGRAPHICAL,
DOCUMENTS, ESSAYS, AND FACTS?
TOGETHER WITH
NOTICES OF THE ARTS AND MANUFACTURES, AND A
OF THE EVENTS OF THE TIMES.
H. MLES, EDITOR
HCBC olim meminissejiLvabit. — VIRCTIL.
F&OM MARCH TO SEPTEMBER, 1816— VOL. X.
BALTIMORE:
."HIXTED AND PUBLISHED BIT THE EDITOR j
#t tlje
HEAT) 01?
TO THE
PATRIOTS OF MEXICO AND SOUTH-AMERICA,
CONTENDING FOR
LIBERTY AND INDEPENDENCE,
AND TO ALL OTHERS STRUGGLING TO OBTAIN
CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM :
,
THE EDITOR DEDICATES THIS VOLUME OF THE
WEEKLY REGISTER.
IMPLORING FOR THEM—
Washington® in the field. Franklins in the cabinet, and Reeds in their
deliberative assemblies —
THE HAPPIEST UNIONS
Of valo&Vith discretion; sagacity with honesty; and fidelity with
disinterestedness*
ERROR. — Please to observe that the folio S34 on the 2nd page of No. 15, of this volume,
«hould have been 234 — this error of one hundred pages is continued to the 19th number,
when it was discovered and corrected. This mistake should be rectified with a pen.
A.
Abstinence :
Act to incorporate a national
bunk
— — of the 1st session of the
14th congress
— — to abolish duties on spi-
rits
— — to encrease the navy
about lost military land-
warrants
•— — for the relief of Young
King-, C. Dolph, Geo. T
Rosa and D. T. Patterson 206
for arming the militia
1 reducing duties on licen-
ces
*— -— to form Indiana into i
state
laying- a direct tax
compensation for milita
ry services
A. Adams, death of
Address of col. fowler to the
39th regiment
» of Burdett, to the elec-
tors of Westminster
Adjutant and inspector-gene
ral's office, order about dis-
charges
order about general staff
of the army
return of the U. S
militia
notice of vacancies
in the army 251; to cadets
318; about servants 336; for
officers reporting their nati-
vity
African institution
Agricultural essay
Agriculture, commerce and
manufactures
Algerine affairs 303,
Aligator, attack of
American triumph
— manufactures
Amelia island
Anecdotes relative to Orleans,
gen. Jackson, &c.
, of American dege
neracy
, of capt. Smith
• -, of catching a Yan-
kee
, of O. Cromwell
— — , of baron Trenck
Appointments 112, 152, 166, 23
Arithmetical machine
Arms to the militia
Army pay
Arsenic mine of, N. York
Asbestos
Asbury, F. rev. death of the
Ascension island
Athens, Ohio
Auction sales, duty
Augereau, death of 409 1 ;
295
Augusta trade 269
1
Austrian statistics 329
129
friendship 416
i
B.
'l74
Bacciochi Eliza 396
Baden disturbed 396
190
Bagot, Mr. 27, 40, 64
192
Bahimoi*e, defence of 68
presents to Webster
205
and Armistead 185
£
inspections 193,346
, eulogy on 217
206
5th regiment, pre-
206
sent of 3iy
L.
Banks of the District of Col. 17
206
a
of Kentucky 28
bi! Is, exchange of 80
222
N.York, 118
223
scheme relative to 12»
.
, national act for a 129
*34/'
r^irpptnT* in** nk
272
scriptions 346, 381, 398
e
of Alexandria 226, 334
72
of Niagara 348
.
payments 376
107
resolve of the states, on 423
of England 124
Biirbadoes, insurrection 200 216
64
232 288
T
rturbary slaves 231 301
18o
affairs 410 412 430
battles on land in the late war,
204
table of 154
s
Beaver Dams, battle, map, &c. 119
S
Berkshire Agricultural Socie-
r
ty 32
.
Bergamachi sainted! &c. 16
399
Berri, due de and Charlotte of
295
Naples 331 41
33
'.ible society, present to 28<
&
i\., 1 »,\n. 1 <~*'
98
Blue laws 336
415
Bolivar's expedition 320 335
319
351 36?
42
Bona, massacre at 410
219
Bonaparte, Joseph 16 64 231
40u
, family property 378
5,
, Napoleon, various
218
facts respecting 28 41 124 165
.
181 182 230 240 260 300 316
23:1
349 396
233
, "his mark" 273
-
Boone, col. account of 261
234
Boston polls 298
332
finuncc0 *"*46
345
" ti'lu."^ work" *"*H°
288
lots 414
271
Braddock's defeat, account of 24'.-
11
BRITISH incomes 13; West In-
415
dies, duties 14; agricultural dis-
96
'. TC-SS 27; stocks 27; manufactures
4-.'-.
91 287 397; deserters 96 112; ag
23b
riculturalists, Cobbett's remarks
2y
on 96; population and wealth 115
414
195; accusations 128; impudence
112
136 229 430; immorality 150 303
409 1 397; mobs, Sec. 150 316 349 39€
410 413 429; order in council 165;
sums advanced to Spain 166; dis-
tresses 166 211 363 364 378 3C 1
97 408; peace establishment 194;
criminal law 195 346; commerce
195 396 410; presents to the em.
3eror of China 196; navy 200 26f»;
army in France 227; arm staff re-
duction 228 264; ministry, list of
the 228; seamen 259; caricatures
259; liberty of the press 287; out-
rages on Erie 308 352 396 416;
popular meetings 331 364< oppo.
ritionists 344; emigration rules346;
budget 350; loans 350; Algerine
affairs 363 373 396 397 409; dis.
appointment 364; retribution on
them 364; alien bill 365; env> of
the U. States 366 396; China fleet
368; invasions 378 413; emig-.Y.nts
378 401 408; British and U.fStates
army pay 381; secret service mo-
ney 384; alien law 392; lottery re-
venues, newspaper stamps 396; ex-
travagance 339; complaints 410}
barbarism 411; operations on the
lakes 412; land uncultivated 413;
ignorance 414 430 ; coinage 414;
colonial population 420; civil list
430 435; exportations 43.
Bridge, Providence, R I.
Brooke, col. account of
Brown, adml. expedition of 215
Brazil, Sec. proclaimed a king-
dom 72; description of 292 306
324
rejects the Jesuits 212
Bruce, Crauford statement of 124
Buenos-Ayres' patriots defeat-
ed 112
Bunker's hill, battle of 239
Burdett's speech, — a picture
of England 10r
C.
Camel corps in E. India 212
Canada, Lower parliament dis-
414
261
solved
Canadian affairs
speculations
Cane, cultivation of
Canning
Cannon
64
80
136
2-jl
349 378 395
298 414
Cape Fear, navigation compa-
pany 368
Capitol, building of 382
Card en and the Macedonian 428
Carracas, description of 337
-- .patriots of 351379
Carson, Mrs. 367 400
Carthagena, S. A. 8 32 U 2 415
--- - -- , privateers of 96 185
Charleston library society 272
Chartrand, gen. shot 345
Cherokee chiefs at Washing
ton
treaty
16 264
352
14
INDEX
'hili, in the roxalits* hands 1'64
, description of 374
;luuxh, cost of in G. Britain 427
!hurch and state
•i.icinnati, population of 16
;irclesville, Ohio 295
on tiit- United States,
notices for
267517318
t iinuae of the V. States
385
Cobbett's remarks on inter-
cepted letter- 102
Pol. Register, Am. ed.
announced
203 289
about John Bull's lot
tery 555
letter to capt. Porter 39u
124 167
349 396 406
128
402
347
163
81
Cob ourg prince
Coffee, gen. return of
Co'u.uila described
Columbus
Comet pirate, taken
Commercial states
Commerce of South America 93
of the U. States 98
_ of Charleston 194
, changes of 262 263
0 f N ('- ifolk 263
, notice of 299
Compass, improved 302
Compensation bill 339 415
The treaty question, report of the
committee on the disagreeing
votes 11 14 15; British conven
li)!i 13 26; Hartford convention
177 commodore Rodger* 13; cop
per mines on lake Superior 13;
Gen. Washington 13 14 128; capt
Bi-.ldle 13; copper coins 152; col
J.av.Tc.ice 13 16; capt. Stewart 13
177; Yazoo claimants 14 45; roads
and canals 14 30 45 94 150; Di
r* ct tax 14 29 62 151; Dartmoor
14 15 77 164; Canadian volunteers
11 1.5 29 177; disbanded officers
14 15 61; governors of
luitted within the hall 14;
'
volunteers 15 177; death <_>
"i'igham 1 5j iltoa'b
cLhn 15 127 177; military ..crvir;
> 30 124 17 ; bank
> 46 47 G') 77 94 96 110 (Uit
14; militia
coins 46; W. H Harrison 46 125
151 164; Wasp sloop of war 60 61
")2; of the militk 60 151; relative
o evidence in cases of natural!/ -
ion 61; courts in Vermont 61;
military land warrants, woollen
manufactures, annual appropria-
tions 61; claims in the Mississip-
)i territory 61 62; general staff of
the army "62 77 151 176; the ta-
iff 62 77 78 79 94 95 96 110 111
125 151 (rates imposed by the)
160; salaries proposed to be rais-
ed 77 110 111 164; on the dona-
ion of the Creeks to gen. Jack-
sou 79 177; Indiana territory 94
125; Mississippi territory 94 177;
.rmy and navy bills passed 94; na-
vigation bill 111); Robert Fulton
110; national currency 110 125
126 127 151 152 163 165; death
of Mr. Stanford 111; case of evi-
dence 154; circuit, court of the
listrict of Columbia 60 62; pro-
perty last, &c. 60 61; Sandusky
jay 61; banks of Columbia 77 151;
laval academy 77; India trade 94;
invalid pensioners 94 165; lead
mines 127; Cherokee Indians 127;
col. Ross and com. Patterson 151;
treasury notes 151 152; call of the
louse, marine corps, vaccine mat-
ter 164; of committees 165; chap-
lains 177; respecting slaves 124
165; capture of Algerine vessels,
naw pension fund, capitol square,
patent office 125; export of bul-
lion, Barney's flotilla men 126; in-
crease of the navy 126 127 177;
public ministers 127 151; loan of
fice and final settlement certifi-
cates 127; plaister trade 127; J.
U. M'Culloh 127; duties on im-
ports and tonnage. 150 151; pub-
lic accounts 150; licences 151; the
speaker's valedictory 165; list ol
laws 174.
Congress frigate 416
Congreve's sir W . unposit i
David, the painter 349- 430.
Declaration of Independence,
Binns' edition 310
Decatur, com. dinners to 136 415
, operations at Tripoli 137
)enmark, births and deaths in 382
Depositions of BeardjPentland,
col. Lamed, &c. about the
boarding of a vessel by the
British 308
Desnouttes, gen. Lefebre 383
Detroit 128
Dexter, Mr.
,his death 183
, character of 210
)irect tax 224
> error*. 287
Diving bell 427
Dismal swamp 297
Distillation 347
Dresses of the Haytian and
British princesses 282
Dupuy, French gov. in India 350
Duality of person 435
Dutch and Algerine affairs 409
Duties and drawbacks, amount
Connor, lieut.
Connecticut elections
poor rates
f'onspir;" ">• in France
16C
112 l'>
I9
397
76
'i'ution.il amendment* pro-
posed, &c. 29 -1,V 46 K1 177; ord-
nance and ordnance- stores 29; on
vessels sunk at Baltimore .
Vanks of the district 30? .MV u.in.
dolph 3J; motion inspecting the
act) 129; military affairs and ser- 1 Constant Freeman, appoi.it-
vices 15 61; .senatorial Una '2'J\\ ment of 8U
Constitution frigate 13; her
force ami that, of the Cyane
an, I I -evant 17
Convention between (J. Britain
and Auslivi
Convent.? iuc ]
>;-ted from Savan-
nah
consumption of ]
taken to (..Britain
'16 94; transportation of the mail j Counterfeiters 288 .
..i naii-c:: rhh.vns 31 47 110; | Court-martial in gen. Cai;.
i;,>;7imerce and manufactures 31; 395
Crops
.1 anrl Surriiiam
to the Dutch
Custom-housv . ts 193
H-. in slaves 30; United States
el "lit .30; national currency 30; on
linking 30 31 45 94; on the com-
•jjcnsati >n of members 30 31 45
supreme court 45; national iibra-
: orphan asylum 4546; tax
,,,\ household furniture, Stc. 46; do.
j,i stills, &.c. 46 62 125; Mr. Core,
. :or ci' U. Cur.udu. 46; gold!Cyane,th|
of
-, notice of
220
296
Earthquake 9 166
East India trade 16
wars 195 197 301
last or lost Greenland 320
Eating 416 j
Editorial articles — prospective
policy 1; British incomes 13;
notice of removal 49; notice
of the supplement to vol. ix.
97; address to the U. S. of-
fice,rs 153; present to com.
Rodgers 153 167; notice to
subscribers 249; about elec-
tioneering 369 ; notice' of
Cobbi'tt's letter on paupers
398; remarks about docu-
ments 417; remarks ou clos-
ing the 10th vol. 417
Education, Jefferson's letter on 34
Election statistics 291
Elephant killed 400
Emigration 272 334 347 352 366
396 400 401 408411
412 415 419 430 43 1
England, state of 193
Epidemic in N. Carolina 264
Epsom salt, near Louisville
Erie, lake affairs on 308 418
Erskine's lord brooms 213
Essex crew 319
European impudence
peace! 367 378
Kxclianj- 1- 398
Exinouth's conference at Tu-
nis
expedition 349 383 410
Exports of the U. States 8d
Exports of Wilmington 2'>9
Exposition of the opposition to
Mr. Monroe noticed 217
F.
Ferdinand's tyranny 332 37 •
insol ' 35^
, „,. butt. r '
INDEX.
Finances.of New York
Fine arts
"Fire in the mountain?"
- extinguishing1
in Baltimore
in Raleigh
in Constantinople
— col. Hawkins' house
engine, patent
Fisheries forbidden to the U.
184
262
263
288 318
302
351
435
53 1 at Grenoble, duchess of Ango'u-
436 leme 229; princess Charlotte 230;
Santa Fe subjugated 232; death
of Ducos, plague at Smyrna, em-
press of Austria 259; lord Byron
259 338; Exmouth's cruise 259;
States
58 272
Barbary powers,
Ottoman Porte
261; prince of Orange 286; prince
Francis Charles, army of Naples,
Cobourg's marriage 287; admiral
notice of 300 334 399 400
414
FOREIGN AHTICLES — It would take
up a great space to notice every
incident in this department — the
chief things follow: see the gene-
lal head in every number of the vo-
lume: also British, French, &c. &c.
Slavetrade 27 166; a collector of
French taxes 27; prince of Orange
27; princess of Wales 27 91; Nis-
mes, Laval ette, Barbary corsairs
27; Barbary powers 28; French
amnesty 27 42; French funds 28;
Mr. Bagot, Madame Lavalette 40;
supposed noble in disguise, alli-
ance of German kings, failure of
Roscoes, return of Alexander, 40;
Ballasteros dismissed, Welling-
ton, new crusade 40; state of Pa-
ris 40 91 124 149 166; arrest of
Wilson, Bruce and Hutch in son 40
91 149 167; prince regent sick 40
166; Maria Louisa 40 166229 316
317; Hamburg Correspondc-nten
40; French generals arrested and
dismissed, &c. 40 166 303 349364
Spittalfield weavers 43; British
exportations 43; Murat, outrage
on 62; Castanos, Buenos- Ayres 63;
Fernando, of ninety guns, lost 63
111; Jesuits, Arabia, retirement
of Burdett, regent's speech 75;
Kugene Beauharnois made gene-
ralissimo 75 150 229 303; orders
to British consuls in Barbary 76;
Oambaceres dismissed 76; Pope's
bull, plague at Constantinople,
longevity, French exiles, arch
duke John, holy league, emperor
of Russia, tri-color flag at Bor-
deaux, wreck of the Sea-horse
91; Carnot, general 91 167 200;
tri-color at Caen, emigration from
France, Italy degraded 92; Pied-
mont over-run, Ferdinand's mar-
riage 123; Bank of England pro-
posal, Cobourg, disorder in Prus-
sia, distress in Ireland 124; Tal
leyrand 149 378; monuments of
M'oreau and Pichecmt 150; Louis
XVIII 150; Danish tribute 165;
Lucien Bonaparte, Spanish con-
spiracies, &c. Brazils, death of
Bulovv 166; offer to Madame Key,
Bertrand's stock, coal-mine
?losion 166; wedding party burnt
67; Russian failures 181; condi-
tion of Spain, Louis sick 182; Spa-
nish outrages 184 216; St. John's
burnt 200; French budget 212;
{3pain»and America, plague in Ita
ly, finances of Holland 228; duels
Milne 303; Grenoble riot
331; Cambronne 303 316;
03 316
Didier
executed 396 397; count Gneisse-
nuux.316; sacerdotal murder 331;
Smyrna 331; Bernadotte 378 396;
Laine, Beauhai-noisclaims397; Na-
ples and the Barbary states, pro-
fessor Gorres 412; royal ordinance
on Berri's marriage, French plot,
Davoust, gen. Gilley, Prussian am-
bassadors 413 ; Castlereagh 430;
M. Seixas Gershom, col. Wood-
bine, sir Geo. Prevost 431; explo-
sion near Toulouse 435; statues,
&.c. found 436.
Fortifications, remains of anr
cient
Forty-second regiment, mor-
tality of
6S
181
Forty-first regiment honored 264
Fowler's colonel, address 72
France, condition of 63 75 124 150
166 181 196 212 230 260
288 500 315 316 349 350
364 378 396 409 412 413
316
317
ib
French slaves
— chamber of deputies
— royal kitchen
— Jews
— tariff
— payments to England 166
— decrees 196
— caricatures 259
— degradation 260 430
— expedition to Russia 543
-- budget 212
Freeman, Airs. Melisjsa and
her four children 182
Funded debt, additions to 86
G.
Galls, failure of 347
200 28J
197
Garnerin and her balloon 197 272
Gas light 288 378
Gazettes, origin of 382
General Index announced 418
Georgia sugar 93
German affairs 396
Gout, cure for the 297
Grain used in England ib,
Home marl&e t 65 305
13
lughes' generosity 334.
lyde, an impressed seamen 184
lyde de Neuville 40 229 283
iydrophobia 367 414
J.
ackson, gen. reception at Or-
leans 21j6
present to 335
efferson on education 34
refferson's letter to Austin 25
gnorance 272 414
m pro vein en ts 32
results 184 212
account of 346
Tews ordered from Lubeck 429
llinois 428
importations 112 202
Imports and exports 178
— of Cadiz 269
Impressed seamen 263 290 383
• journal of
one 297
[incendiaries 288
[ncome tax 301 349
Indians at St. Louis 64
report about 157 184
claim extinguished 184
Creek hostility of 230
288
3 52 36&
112 382
404 '
318 352
365
431
271
348 427
301 383
410
43 1^4
79
196 272
347
365 408
369
300
Gallatin, notice of
Gallicia, oppression of
treaty
depredations
Indiana, population of
— , constitution, of
— election
Inland carriage
navigation
Inquisition
Jordan, Mrs.
Ireland, state of
Irish societies
— — markets
debtors
distresses
character, &c.
Iron cables
Italian affairs
K.
Keene's memorial
Kentucky population
resolution
elections
21
112
128
415 431
-- mammoth cave in 420
King, Miles appointment of 80
Kosciusko 396
Lake commerce
Lallemand, gen.
L.
U9 336
272 410
'•Grand cross," order of the 399 ] Lancaster schools in France 260
Grampus caught
Greenland
H.
Hamilton, gen.
Hurra, J. F. the murderer
Hartford convention
Haswell, A. death of
Hayti, the king of
Harmony, prize restored
Hibernian dinner
Hoaxes
Holland, finances of
56
320
363
318
431
272
16)
183
63
272
228
Land slip 295
Laplanders in the London mar-
ket 197
Large animals
Lavalette1
383
s escape
Law case of consul's privileges 96
of patent rights 1B7
about the duties on
distillation 2 18
about port duties 253
' opinion, in the case
Wil6on,Bruce Sc Hutchinson 254
INDEX.
Law case, British insolent deci-
sion about salvage
of Bonapart e's broker 33 1
of enlistments 387
_ of one bitten by a fe-
rocious dog 396
of slavery in Penn. 400
about retailers' licen-
ces 405
Law of New-Jersey,
list of U.S. appropriations
for 1816 142
Lawrence, col. 13
Lawrence, capt. monument to 184
Lead mine, Missouri
Lead mine, New- York,
Lee, consul, retires
compliment to 3-J4
Legacies to brutes 213
Legitimacy 301 329 409
Leon, new" kingdom of 402
Letters— from B. Austin to T.
Jefferson and reply 24
— from Mr. Dexter 32
of Thos. Jefferson on a
plan for public schools
of A. J. Dallas to the
committee of foreign rela-
tions aboutAmerican tonnage 38
-_. . of the due de Richelieu
to Chas. Stuart about the ar-
rest of Bruce, &c. 41
. of C. Stuart in reply ib.
, of Mr. Russell about J.
A. Bayard 48
of Mr. Jefferson on de-
clining the appointment of
director, &c. 48
of Wm. Cobbett about
the British government ib.
of L. Warrington to the
secretary of the nuvy about
the fight with the Nautilus 58
— of an ofnc • on Spanish
an Algerine affairs 80
«. to the editor on the ta-
riff" of 1816 81
— . of I. Briggs on the new
tariff' 83
of gen. Harrison to con-
gress, asking for a trial 88
— . between gov. Nicholas
and B.Washington, about the
body of Gen. 'Washington 90
gratulatory, Sic. to the
editor 97
of A. J. Dallas on the
national currency 105
..i . about the Americans
in the Mediterranean 111
' between H. Niles and
com. Rodgers relative to a
present 153
of S. Smith and II. M.
Johnson and J. Monroe and
D. D. Tompkins about their
nomination 16
of Mr. Cobbett to Mr.
Niles on the state of the
press in England 171
- of the Baltimore com-
mittee, gratulatory, &c. to
col. Armistead and lieut.
Webster, with their replies 185
Letters — from the mayor of
Baltimore, with thanks, Sec.
to generals Strieker and
Winder, with their replies 186
between Thos. Jeffer-
son and Geo. Logan on gen-
ral politics 189
. of J. Cox Barnet about
the prohibition of American
newspapers in France 196
" - of S. Davenport on rais-
ing of cane 202
circular of A. J. Dallas
relative to the U. S. Bank
subscriptions 207
of D O'Connell and J.
Hancock (Ireland) relative
to religious liberty 214
col. Hawkins to gover-
nor Mitchell about the hos-
tility of the Creeks 231
of gen. Washington a-
bout Bracldock's defeat 249
of reprimand, secreta
ry of the navy to purser
Thorn 256
of sir R. Wilson to earl
Grey about the escape of
Lavalette 283
gov. Cass to the com-
mander of the Tecumseh
about an outrage on the gen.
Wayne 310
: — of M. Cook, M. King
and J. W. Lewis, about the
Roanoke navigation 326
of Th. Jefferson and J.
Adams to the peace society
about war 328
circular of secretary of
the treasury about the re-
sumptidn of payment in spe-
cie 376
between Wm. Cobbett
and capt. D. Porter, about
British slanders, &c. 390
of gen. Jackson about
the murder of Davis 400
to the editor about the
value of the Register 417
of A. J. Dallas to the
bank commissioners relative
to specie, &c. 423
of gen. Harrison to the
officers of the U. S. army,
vindicating himself 424
of gov. Shelby to gen.
Harrison, in reply 425
col. Newman to the le-
gislature of Georgia about
a new militia system 436
Levant, the 17
Lewis, gen. deposition about
the battle of Beaver Dams 120
Lexington manufactures
Lima, troops sent against
ships do.
Linois, gov. trial of
Lisbon trade
Literature
Liverpool imports
269
211
416
196
346
213
41,3
earl of, mean charge 427
Livingston's case 320
Logan, the Indian chief 433
Longevity 4-27
Loom, new one 112384
London bills of mortality 271
Louis, laziness 213
Louisiana, description of 353
climate of 386
Louisville 348
Love affairs 272
M.
Macdonough, com. conduct of
145 31&
Macedonian 183 334
Machines 262 297
Madeira wine 414
Madison ' 272
Mail to New-Orleans 16
Maine, separation of
232 271 288 300
Mammoth cave 420
Manufactures 49 82 98 219 269
322 382 431
expeditious 200 231
M.ip of the U. States 255
Marietta ship news 184 346
Marriage scheme 288
Marriages 302 335 378 406 410
Maryland statistics 102 413
Masonic 296
Massachusetts elections
112 128 270
finances 312
poor rates 398
inspections 427
Mead R. esq. consul, imprison-
ed at Cadiz 367 380
Mediterranean cruise 140
Memorial of R. R Keene to the
British government 21
Message of the gov. of Rhode
Island 44
• < of the president, trans-
mitting Monroe's report on
trade, &c. 178
of the gov. of R.Island 311
Mexican affairs 286 415 432
Military land warrants, 384
Militia of the United States 204
Militia system, a new one 436
Mina 410
Missouri and Illinois 428
Mississippi, description 225 398
flooded 270
Money — banks, &.c. 97
Monroe, James, life of 4
nomination 59
Monte Video 416
Montgomery Mrs. present of 200
Morillo's expedition 215
Mount Pleasant, town 234
N.
Nassau, revolt at Q-6
National university 18
currency 105
Jubilee 321
Xaturali/.ation, essay on 170
NTaval history, Decatur's ope-
rations 137
court, Thorn's case 255
architecture 263
Navy of the U. States 240
Nelson's and Decatur's nego-
ciations 399
Neversink hills 398
INDEX.
^.Hampshire elections 80 96 334
funds
295
reduction of sa-
laries 383
New-Jersey, law of
New-Orleans, situation of
-floods
-trade
-battle
277 288 336
264 304 351
348
427
WewYork elections 16 183 199 257
canal 80 100 128 198
, increase 195 347
salaries in 195
act about wheels,&c. 232
Poniatowsky's monument 229
S
Pope borrowing from the Jews 229 Sales
lenity of 364 410 Sailors, veteran
Population of the U. States 232 j Sailing
Salem, E I. trade of
Salt — duties — bounties
— meadows
Santander described
Santa Fe
59 162 Savannah, exports of
288 Savary general
64 Schenandoh
funeral of
Poor laws
and representation 234
of Ohio 299
411
381
103 369
Portable boat
Post-office affairs
Presidential nomination
election tickets
President frigate's division of
prize
Prevost sir George
humane institutions 263 Prince regent's economy
finances
markets
packets
schools
53
270
346
347
North -Carolina elections 415 431
Korton, Indian chief— a major
184 317
16
Nunnery burnt at Teneriffe
O.
Ohio, population of 112 299
ship news 272
Oldenburg, duchess of 408)
Omission, 187— corrected 201' Prometheus sails
speech
Princess Charlotte
Prices current
287
27431
167
409 411
J51 332 406
410 413
269 336
Privateers, American, missing 32
Promotions
318 334 399
Proclamation of the prince re-
gent of Portugal 72
of the president
O'Neil, the actress 350
Outrage on the Americans at
Port Mahon 216
Qwhyhee, native at Morris aca-
demy 319
P
Parker sir Peter's memoirs 79
Parliament of G. Britain, de-
bates, &c.
>n national finances 122
American policy
>n economy, &,c.
about European treaties
— on intercourse
United States
with the
150
167
178
I
"l 82
—ministerial ascendancy in 211
on the public expendi-
ture 230 330 359
about N. Bonaparte 240 260
address to the pr. regent 410
about the estate bill 412
remarks about col. Burr 432
weights and measures 434
Patterson Mrs. claims of 229
Peace establishment 57
Peach trees 261
Peacock and Nautilus 58
Pennsylvania finances 43
Perspective drawing machine 262
Petion 415
Peyrouse, account of 135
Pike's gen. plan of a court of
honor 289
Pinkney Mr. 32 128
Plaster of Paris
' in Ohio 96
Plaster trade 426
Plague in Turkey 166 200
Plymouth breakwater 182
Poetry — Song, See Decatur our
hero, &c. 136
Poland, oppression of 197 4(>9
Political geography and statis-
tics 113
• »" change? 168
about land bounties to Cana-
dian volunteers 208
•Spanish to Caracas 230
431
1
274
Prospective policy
Protests right of examined
Public offices at Washington
repaired 96
Q
Quakers 42
Quebec port opened 384
Queen of Portugal, death of 229
R
Randolph John
400
Ranks of European diploma-
tists 299
Regimental order of col. Long 71
Report — of the commissioners
of the sinking fund 18
- — on roads and canals 22
of A. J. Dallas on the
funded debt 36
of Mr. Bibb on U.
States' seamen 37
- — of the committee of
commerce and mamilacuires
about woolens 82
on the N, York canal 100
on the battle of the
Beaver Dams 119
^— — - about the Indians
(W. H Crawford) 157
of Mr. Monroe on
the imports and exports 178
Revenue of the U. States 420
Revolutionary patriots 367
Rhode-Island elections 152 195
Right side at sea 270
Richmond new theatre 216
Roanoke navigation company 271
Roman Catholics
Rome, state of
Royal government
326 342
410 412
210
212
Rules for judging folks by 338
Russian affairs 302 395 411 413
tariff 345
'•' manufactures °M :
Scott's gen return
Sea-quake
Serpentine river prophecy
Seven churches of Asia
Seventy-four miniature
Shad in a pond
Sheridan R. B.
Sheep breeding and table 8
Sierra Leone attacked 96
Silver mine, Pa. 63
Sinking fund, report of the
commissioners 18
Slave trade 213 '334 400 412 427
309
32
262 427
1652
226
367*
402
232
16 232
410
96
109
200
112
36*
256
231
271
409
Smith lieut. case of
Smuggling1
Snow in England
in Hungary
red, in Italy
367 416
298
27
183
200
Snyder governor 431
Society of surgeons Paris 347
South American affairs 199 284
304319 400 410432
privateers 334
Soult marshal 197 409
429
South Carolina, valuation un-
der direct tax 10
Spanish affairs 301 317 331 396
409
Spanish and Algerine affairs 80
232 263
blockade 135
Specie 128 166 199 216 3C3 334
369 376 401 417 430 431
Speech of the governor of Con-
necticut 209
of Louisiana 51
— •— of Castlereagh about the
late treaties 241
• of the governor of Massa-
chusetts 265
of N. Hampshire 279-
Spirits made in the U. States 34$
Squam beach canal 16
Squirrel hunt 384
Stanhope lady Hester 350
Statue of Henry IV. of France
364 400
• — of Napoleon 409-
Steam boat JEtna 96— Congo 166
112 183 199 219 231
264 296 318 319 348
381 384 4i.»0 409
Steam boats in France 80 396
power, essay on -!! :
engines 271 336 363
Stewart capt. — vote of thanks
to from Pennsylvania 16
St. Domingo 135
St. Patrick's day in Belfast 196
St.. Vincent's insurrection at ?J ''
VIII
INDEX.
St. Louis
St. Vicrre given to the French 334
Strawberries
Strong1 man 435
Suchct 413
Sugar, the cultivation of 28
— '. of Georgia 93 431
duty proposed for 184
maple 336
Sun spots 167
Suzame the actress 302
Swedish canal 412
Swindlers 184
Szegeden damaged1 397
Tables, about sheep 9
S. Carolina statistics 10
of the U. States' stocks 20
seamen 39
N. York finances 53
of the U. States' mili-
tary posts 57
Washington city expen-
ditures 73
U. States' exports 86
S. American commerce 93
202
Maryland statistics 103
British population and
wealth 115
muskets to the militia 118
of the district tonnage
of the U. States 147
of land battles in the
late war 154
commerce of Charles-
ton 194
British peace estab-
lishment ib
of U. States' militia 204
of U. States' duties on
drawbacks 220
of the New York elec-
tion 257
Ohio population 299
French tariff' 329
Austrian statistics 33(
— of exchange between
the seaports 398
of "land-battles" cor-
rected 41
Tariff of 1816 83 160
Team boats 414
Tennessee militia 352
Texas described 402
Theatre of St. Charles, at Na-
ples, burnt 181
Thief shot 334
Toledo, gen. 415
Tompkins, nomination of 48 59
generosity of 183
Tonnage of the U. States' for
the year 1814 146
Torture at Madrid 3<iO
Towson, eel. married 128
Treaty question 1126
of lord Exmouth with
Tunis 302
Trenck, baron anecdotes of 345
Turtle soup 298
Turkish affair 349 410
V.
Vacancies in the U. S. army 251
Vaccination in Hayti 334
Varrennes, Ballaud arrival of 211
Vassal Holland, his protest
against the treaties of the
year 1816 165
Venetian affairs 332 395
A^enezuela described
Vevay, Ohio 347
Vine, cultivation of 99
Virginia — electors of presi-
dent and vice-president no-
minated 16
proceedings respect-
ing Washington 28
public works 89
board of 298
constitution, reform of 383
Voyage of discovery
University, national 16
United States, new map of 255
stocks 30
population 398
revenue 420
W.
Waggoning, rapid 231
Waggon, new made 271
War on the ocean — a table 17
on the land 154 417
in Africa 412 43(
table corrected 41/
Washington, gen. in memory
of 28 90 26:
notice of a letter of 23i
Washington 74, ordered to
Naples 183 216 263 41
Washington city, expendi-
turres at 7
Wealth of individuals, sources
of government from the 1
Veathei- 263 2T2 335 41*
Veekly Register, terms of 1
Wellington, gen. 410 413 429 430
West India affairs 200 231 272
335 350
trade , 344
Western country, rise of the 234
Whales killed at Edgartown,
Mass. . 199
vessel sunk by 269
White slaves 182 229 287 382
434
— flag, fall of 213
Wild garlic, how destroyed 33
— parsnip, a poison 399
Wirt, Wm. appointed attor-
ney-general of Virginia 80
Woodbine, col.
Woollen manufactories 82 382
Wool, remarks on 218 321
Y.
Yeas and nays in congress — on the
bill to compensate the Canadian
volunteers 15; respecting the
disbanded officers 15 61; on the
report of the managers on the
disagreeing votes of the two
houses on the convention with
Great Britain 15; on the motion
to reduce the senatorial term
29; on the direct tax 29; on the
bill to prevent the transporta-
tion of the mail on Sunday 30fc
on the compensation bill (/jo-
liticaUy designated} 339; on the
orphan asylum 45; on the com-
pensation bill 46 60; on the na-*
tional bank bill 47; on the ta-
riff 94 95 110 111 150; on the
introduction of slaves into Co-
lumbia 124; respecting general
Harrison 125; on the general
staff 151 176; on the salaries of
foreign ministers 151; on a na*
tional currency 163 164 ; navj>
appropriations 177; militia do.
177; respecting gen. Jackson
177; respecting clerks 177; re-
specting capt. Stewart, about a
vessel captured in the Tripoli-
tan war 177
Yeas and nays — advantage of
the right of requiring them 273
"Yellow Dwarf," suppressed
at Paris 349
Vellow fever
WEEKLY REGISTER.
No. 1 OF VOL. X.]
BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1816.
[WHOLE NO. 235.
Hate olim meminisse juvabit. — VIRGIL.
AND PrilLISKEI) BY H. N1LKS, NO. 29, SOUTH CALVERT-STUEET, AT §5 PKR AXXUM.
The price of the WEEKLY RKGISTER is 5$ per
annum, payable in advance. It is expected the
subscribers" will begin with the current volume.—
The volumes commence with March and Septem-
ber in every year.
Complete files -may be had as fotto-ws:
^or 5 vears subscription from Sept. 1811 to
"Sept. 1816— at $5 : : : : $25
tlie extra-supplements to vols. 5, 7, 8
-'*nd 9— at gl each ; : : : 4
Eight vols. are now bound, and the ninth nearly
ready. If the work be desired bound, 87$ cents
per vol. must be added to the above.
For the present, the editor will. .engage to deliver
copies of the wort, bound or in sheets, at Ports-
mouth, N. H.; Salem and Boston, Mass.; Newport
and Providence, R. I.; New- York and Albany, N.
Y.; Philadelphia; at Baltimore and Annapolis, Md.
Norfolk, Petersburg arid Richmond, Va.; Charles-
ton, 8. C.; Savannah, Geo.; and New-Orleans, clear
of expence to the purchaser; and, for monies en-
closed to him, the proper orders to receive them
will be given, or they may be obtained of the edi-
tor's agents and friends in those places. Tt may
also be had at Pittsburg, Pu. but there the inland
carriage must be paid.
A great body of highly interesting matter pre-
sents itself for insertion, which we designed, in
part, to have disposed of by a gratuitous supple-
ment, as customary — but mechanical convenience
forbade at this time.
(£j>The subscriber offers his grateful acknow-
ledgments to those editors who have published the
pi-ospectus of the WKEKLT REGISTER in their several
newspapers — as well as for the very handsome and
polite manner in which many have been pleased to
speak of the work. Those who, for want of room,
have deterred the insertion, but design to ..ssis
.him to give a further circulation of the REUISTEII,
will add to the obligation by publishing said pros-
pec'u^as early as possible, the volume being just
commenced. H. NILES.
Prospective Policy.
Pressed, as we are, for room, we would gladlv
have omitted the customary portion of remarks on
commencing a volume; but many will expect to
hear from us on the occasion, and possibly there
mav be some utility in the following as a key to the
Course we intend to pursue; tvMch is to cultivate the
resources of our country, and depend on ourselves on-
ly, under Providence, for the means of happiness and
comfort. To treat all foreign nations honestly and
fairly, but to watch their movements to impair the
strength or jeopardize the great interests of the Ame-
rican people in AGRICULTURE, JVIANUFACTUUKS and COM-
MERCE.
It is now a little more than a year since we clos-
ad a contest in arms with Great Britain, in glory.
A new struggle has already commenced with the
To*. X.
same nation in the arts, as connected with agricul-
ture, commerce and manufactures. The high ground
so fairly won in the honorable and happy result of
the former, can be maintained only by activity, vi-
gilance and perseverance in the latter. If the ob-
ject of the one was to reduce us to "uncondition-
al submission" — "to cripple us for fifty years," the
effect of the other will not be less calamitous in
bringing upon us a state of dependence and penu-
ry, if we blindly reject the dictates of reason and
common sense, as founded upon the experience of
nations. The general peace of Europe, and the na-
tural progress of things under such a circumstance,
will probably bring about revolutions in tlie arts,
and especially in the commerce of the \vOrld, not
less extraordinary than those we have witnessed in
government, strange us they have been. There is
nothing more evident to me, th,m that the prosperi-
ty of the people of the United States must rest up-
on their o.vn vast resources, as applicable to the
great interests of agriculture, commerce and manu-
factures. Rut these resources may easily receive
a wrong direction, or be neglected; and there is too
much of a disposition wantonly to waste, or indig-
nantly to reject them, from the habit we so long have
had of gaping over the Atlantic for the means of
comfort and of business, instead of seeking them
at home. This propensity, the source of so many
evils to the republic, must be checked by the sober
reason of persons not interested in the sale of Bri-
tish bobbins and tapes — or poverty is entailed upon
us as an inheritance, justly deserved.
One great staple of agriculture and of commerce
has grown up to an astonishing amount, within a ve-
ry few years. A little wlule since, we imported
co-Troy, to supply our household wnnts — but now
constitute the greatest market in the world for it;
and its annual product, still rapidly increasing, is
wo, 'In twenty -five -jr i* :.rtii ;ni 'lions of dollars. So far as
we can spare this valuable commodity from the do-
mestic demand, it nfForda us a powerful medium to re-
gulate the balance of our trade with Europe. Indeed,
I suspect the mercantile mind would be not a little
perplexed to dispense with it, or find out a substi-
tute for it. Tobacco is another staple of great va-
lue and amount, and the peculiar properties of
such as we r use, will always keep it in demand.—
Sugar also promises to be what cotton is, and by its
consumption at home, or the demand for it abroad,
will either enable us to keep our money, or draw it
fr-»m foreign parts, to the extent, at least, of what
it now costs us, which is about seven millions of
dollars per annum.- and this will, probably, happen
before the year 1825, perhaps, so.tner. But the pro-
vision-trade and the chief staples and means of the
easiern and middle states, seem nearly at an end,
as to the foreign demand; and they have nothing,
comparatively, wherewith to pay for the foreign
goods their necessity requires or luxury will have.
What are they to do — what can they do? They
must find out something to balance the pressure
that is every day more and more heavily corning up-
on them, as well from abroad as from the states
south of the Potomac. By going extensively into
the breeding of shtep, and by placing the manufac-
turer beside them, they must arcRte a market far
WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1816.
ti.'-ir excess productions,* lessen the effects of the
want of a foreign demand, and enable them to
keep up an intercourse with the southern states
on reciprocal terms. Heretofore it was that the
labor of the industrious and economical east, appli-
ed to trade and navigation, kept in check the ba.
lance that nature had fixed against them in their
needful business with the middle and southern
sections of the union and the world at large, while
immensely added to the general stock of nation-
Tery able, very interesting and very important-
It must come home to the" feeling of every man,
at if the United States consume 15, 20 or 30
millions worth of foreign goods per annum more
"iun the value of the "domestic articles they can
id a market for abroad, inclusive, of the value of
le American labor employed in their transporta-
1011, Sec. that they must be reduced to beggary. —
t may happen that a nation can consume agrt -ter
alue of foreign goods than is her export of do-
. A • * i • , '~ i _ • L
1 we-.dth. I do not rejoice that this species of mestic commodities, and be prosperous im! so it
"' • — L -—-i--. = r might be with us, were we again the curriers for the
useful labor Vs no longer likely to be productive of
profit, and that my predictions in respect to it are
about to be fulfilled. It gives me no pleasure to
belio\ e that the llartford-couventionist ship-own-
trr. begin to see the grand mistakes of their policy,
and to believe that H.-jnaparte was the best friend
they ever had. It is a matter of universal regret
thai this branch of industry should £;il, and fail
they must, if peace continues in Europe. 1' is an
object of great importance to Great Ifritain to
destroy it, as having afforded and .as furnishing
the means of humbling her navnl pride, and chas-
ing away the shadows that have surrounded hei
supposed invincibility on the ocean — that broke
the charm of superiority and created a new epoch
in maratime affairs. It is stated at Savannah, that
British vessels are offered to carry cotton to Liver-
pool at one half-penny stlg. per Ib. at which rate Ame-
rican ships cannot be sailed, unless seamen's wages
be reduced to a miserable pittance indeed, and ar
economy be exercised that few will be willing tc
submit to. The usual price for the transportation
of cotton to Kngland was t\on pence per Ib. — and i
may also be feared that a preference will in som<
cases rather be given to the foreign than the d«
mestic bottom, and the gallant, generous seaman
the pride and glory of the nation, suffer for the
madness of those who own the ships. But the-mar
in over, and all parties are interested in increasing
the strength and making the most of the resource,
of the nation: and those feelings which a recollec
tion of the events that transpired may natural!)
give rise to, should be repressed, as well with re
gard to such as w.re enemies within, as those wh<
were enemies without, except ^ guard against fu
ture evils from them; and each'.ave received mo
salutary lessons. We should forgive the injurie
the republic sustained by the former — especially
when v. e consider that they will soon feel they
a country, which, it oftentimes appeared, they ha
no idea of.
Alter the demonttrations of our invaluable fricn
ISAAC BIITGOS — the friend of his country and of m;
which were published in the WKKK.LV UEKISTEU of
the Jdult. (sec page 389, vol. IX.) it might well be
deemed vanity in me to say much upon the necessi-
ty of manufactures to support our agriculture and
commerce, and invigorate the whole system. lit1
has exhausted the subject, or at least said enough
to convince any reasonable man that, without them,
we must become poor, spiritless and dependent;
and that, with them, we shall be rich, spirited and in-
dependent. I beseech the reader to give that arti-
cle a careful perusal, weighing well the facts and
propositions .stated. The report of the committee
of commerce and manufactures, also, inserted in
our last paper, which appears to be mainly bottom-
ed upon the principles laid down by Mr. JBriggs,
Teat nations, late belligerent. But they wi'1 not
nly be their own carriers, but come into con i)e i-
ion with us in our own ports, for a part of that
rade which appears naturally to belong to us. —
Ve have had more than a fair share of the trade of
he world; and it is to be feared we sh dl soon have
ess than that share. The politician will easily dis-
over how it might be to the advantage of England
o ruin our shipping interest; and that she will not
mrsue what is to her advantage, is not to be ex-
acted of her "magnanimity." Th ere 'is empha-
icdly, "no friendship in trade."
A -wliolesalc reason is urg-cd against domestic
nanufactures — that if we can get goods from Eu-
•jpe at cheaper rates than we can make them, we
uglit to have our work-shops there. This is, ap-
jarently, an undeniable proposition, un+il it be ask-
ed, "how are you to pay fat- them? "There's the
•ub." See what Mr. Briggs says about the means
this, and refute him if you can. It cannot be
clone. We must, therefore, either make for our-
selves, or, after being deprived of the very last
cent, go without the things we want. Agriculture
)as the capacity to raise many times the excess
quantity of articles that the foreign market will
•eceive, even at the most reduced prices: hence
the necessity of increasing the home marfct which,
while it carries off some part of this excess, may
ceep up the value of the whole— and this is to be
done by the establishment of manufactures, requir-
ing supplies of raw materials, provisions, &c. As
a common basis, it may be said that whatever be-
longs to the wealth of individuals or the resourc-
es of the government of the United States, depends
upon agriculture. If this be prosperous, we can-
not &U; and the general good will be promoted,
though we should give two or three cents per yard
more for a yard of domestic muslin than we might
import it from India for. It in the ability to pay 'that
f> :i v.-.s- the real value of a commodity to its purchaser.
If any man, through another man, raises the value
<>!•' his labor from one to two dollars per day, it is
•This home market is much easier created than
many persons imagine. We expect to offer some
curious calculations and facts respecting it, in our
nest, or succeeding number.
his interest to pay that man five, i'.fty or seventy-
live per cent, more, for such articles as he wants
(not exceeding the amount of his earnings) than
another, the extra profit of the one depending up-
on his support of the other. And thus it is in a
national capacity — a fact of which every enlighten-
ed government in the world has long been convinc
eel; a fact that will very soon force itself upon our
conviction also, with misery and distress unknown
to the American people, if we slight the experience
of ages and set up an opposition to the immutable
principles of reason and of truth. We should pro-
tect and cherish the manufactory of every thing —
from a tooth-pick to a ship, from a needle to a can-
non, a thread of yarn to a bale of cloth — unless, by
the interchange of some commodity we can better
apply the labor of the nation upon, we may obtain
them from abi oad. Indeed, this is r.ecey&ity, not ex-
pediency only..
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— PROSPECTIVE POLICY.
If thus the productive labor of the people be pro-
tected for a season, they will soon protect them-
selves, and establish that independence so much
valued — continue that peace,so much desired — give
that security so consoling1 to the heart, and increase
the wealth and prosperity of all, whether engaged
in commerce or agriculture. New convulsions in
Europe might put us in the old track of profit pur-
sued several years past; but, perhaps, without con-
tributing to the happiness of society — and, cer-
tainly, there are none wicked enough to wish a
war, tiiat trade may flourish! Without such con-
vulsions, it is just as impossible for us to regain the
commerce we had, r.s to avoid death.
It would appear, then, that though the contest in
arms with Great Britam has ceased, "the danger is
1101 yet over." What force — what the "invincibles
of Wellington" or the "unconquerable tars of old
England,'* miserably failed to achieve, the policy of
a corrupt and corrupting diplomacy may accomplish,
assisted by the native pride of Englishmen to be
"lords of "the ascendant" every where, and govern,
ns well in the frozen regions of the north, as control
the destinies of millions on the burnii-.g line. The
late mighty rival power, made great and gloriou
md
the genius of one astonishing man, has fallen into a
provincial state, and England is at liberty to extend
her views to the remotest parts of the earth. Her
influence, through bribery and the want of political
honesty in the dealing classes of every society, alike
penetrates the palace of the czar as the miserable
hut of the "Dog-ribbed" savage. The purse, in the
hand of her Castlereaghs, has won more battles than
the sword in the hand of her Wellingtons. It was
the former that gained the battle of Waterloo,
though the latter, as completely beaten as Jackson
beat the English at jYeiv- Orleans, has been puffed
into the credit of it. The manner in which this great
battle was fought, several days before the the armies
came in contact, may yet be developed; at any rate,
tin; merit of the victory does not belong to IVcl-
lintfton. But this is rather diverging from our ob-
ject, though it has its purpose to shew the never-rest-
ing intrigues of England. If France, with the Bour-
bons and a foreign army giving the law in her capita)
— if Spain, "\vitu Ferdinand on the throne, anil the
members of her cortes in the dungeon — if Pound,
"blotted from the map" — Germany despoiled — Italy
subjugated and enslaved, have reason to rejoice at
the late changes — let them rejoice. I would not
mar their happiness. France, as a dangerous pow-
er, no longer exists, and one good thing to us re-
sults from it, that the cry of "French influence"
("which Arnold first urged against Washington, and
lias been the hobby of every traitor since, as well as
of some honest men, astounded by the clamor) is
quieted: It will soon be seen whether "British influ-
ence" is really less dangerous than that of France
was said or fancied to be. It was so much the cus-
tom to impute to J\'apoleon Bonaparte an inordinate
ambhion, a grasping at power beyond the desires
of other men, emperors and kings and their minis-
ters, that many really thought he was somewhat
extraordinary in this way. How easy is it "to dis-
cern the mote in our neighbor's eye and not see the
beam that is in our own eye!" I never was the apo-
logist of .Bonaparte — but his enemy, as the enemy of
all kings, and especially his as a traitor to the tree
dom of France, and because I had hoped better
thing's of him than the raising up of thrones. But
as to his ambition — why it was as the puny creation
of a child-like mind, "pleased with a rattle, tickled
" *^mnared with the solid,
quiretttents of England, the power of whose intrigue*
or arms is felt in every part of the known world,
China and Japan excepted. In the course of two or
three weeks I shall publish a table to shew the po-
pulation and extent of the British territories in Eu-
rope, Asia, Af'-ica and America; and notice as many
of the points and posts she possesses, to command
in war or in peace, as I can recollect. We shall
then see the trutli of what I have just stated; and if
any man, upon viewing the exhibit, shall speak of
the ambition of Bonaparte and the moderation ot*
England, I must suspect that man or myself ot"
ideocity, or something worse. I repeat it*— I would
do nothing to provoke hostilities with this great
power. I would treat her with exact justice. But
"cauiion is the parent security," and such giant
means cannot be regarded with too great a jealousy.
If there be such things as a "natural enmity" be-
tween nations, and the pious priests of England al-
ways told their hearers, in war or peace, that France
was their "natural enemy" — Great Britain must be
such an enemy to this republic, for we aye at issue
on three of the m»st important points that can grou*
up between nations. The genius and operation of
our government is a libel ("the greater the truth the
frentimes as rapacious and unjust as herself, by | greater the libel") upon the spirit and practice of
her own, holding- up a contrast for severe reprehen-
sion and censure. In our trade and navigation, things
of which she is so exceedingly sensitive, we are in
direct contact with her; and she sees in them the
germ to produce a new contest for the sovereignty of
the sea, which she very modestly arrogates to herself
the exclusive jurisdiction of. The day that the
Guerriere struck her flag to our Constitution gave
new relations and views to the maritime world; and
it will be the grand effort of the British minister-
to guard against future disasters by lessening our
means to inflict them. And so, as a politician, true
to iiis government and jealous of the glory of his
country, he ought to do; if he ne neglect, ithe shoul'J
be impeached. But there is no danger of this! —
the double purpose of keeping up a supply for he.
mari.ie, in the employment of her own seamen, and <><'
depriving us of such supply by depressing our coai
merce, be assured, are matters of too great conse-
quence to be overlooked. Now that men's minds
liuve cooled down ,uui settled into soberness, there
are few that wi)l attribute the famous orders in
council to any thing ehe than her jealousy of ou;'
commerce. "Tou spread too much canvas," said a.
distinguished "peer of the realm," to an American
citizen, and this wiis really the foundation of those
outrages on our rights. The voyage of the British
nerchant was oftentimes broken up by the superic:
sagacity or enterprise of the American, and tftix wa
just cause for hostility. Those who petitioned tin
British parliament to prevent the poor people 02
Ireland, their feilow subjects, from catching herring*
in IFexford bay (one of the waters of their own
"dear little island") whereby they were enabled to
undersell the British fishermen, would not be very
delicate as to the means of keeping down the rivr.'
prosperity of the people of the United States, eve.
regarded as a sort of rebels. The danger of con,
raercial collision will be constantly on the increase, \''
we can make out to maintain our just share of na
vigation. Another cause for jealousy will presen
itself in the article sugar, which, in less than twenty
years, will strike at one of the most valuable
branches of her trade, a trade which she had nearly
monopolized. But, perhaps, the greatest excite
ment to enmity will be our manufactures, as yet only
in the gristle and hardly felt abroad. If encouraged.
K^,r»,r,.rj they \\ill speedily have^the bone and sinev?
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1816.
of manhood. Two years ago, we had only "fir bull
frigates;" we now have ships of the line, and Jll
has paid ai-espect to our flag she never befor
p.-.'i I to that of a Christian nation. All I ask fo
the.se'establishments is that support which Englan<
ivon to her o\vn — an;l if this be afforded, tin
A/V.-/ of victory, for deeds in arms, shall be crownec
with the o/ire "of triumph for the works of peace
Herein will be a great source of complaint. If Eng
land affected t« believe we enticed aw:,y her seamen
merely because we could afford to give higher wa
go* to our'.s -.h.in she conkl to hers, and because
with us they enjoyed liberty and safety, will she no
also charge us with decoyin-r \\ermaniifucturers, am
make it a forma! ground for controversy? Especially
if the expectation of many intelligent men be realiz
ed. as to the fact, that avast capital and means vvil
immedi itely be transported across the Atlantic tc
be employed in them, if congress manifests a fixec
determination to support ••hern?
" M "n follow money,
" As bees follow homy."
It is true, that many of our manufactures are much
depressed at the present moment. But this ought
to have been calculated upon. A little patience,
under wise and prudent regulations, will place them
again in prosperity.
To conclude: the pure policy of the UnitedStates,
while t'ney honestly, faithfully and impartially cul-
tivate the good will of all nation-;, is to regard their
own '.-evmrces as the only-certain foundation for the
republic to resist the wreck of kingdoms and the
crush of nations — as the only means, under a good
Providence, of securing happiness to the present
and future generations. Whoever expects legiti-
mates to neglect their own interest to subserve ours,
and leans upon the iwiynajiimityof sovereigns, rests
upon a bruised reed to plunge himself into the
ditch. In the protection and support of our own
proper resources and means, there ought not to be
causes for hostility — but they will afford the caus-
es of it. And, for the reasons stated, which appear
to me natural and conclusive, we have especial re.t-
*on to guard against England in this respect; and,
in addition to her strong excitements to reduce our
commerce and manufactures, she Has an immensely
party in the country -o second her views.
H • it is exceedingly the more necessary to
guard :.g-iinsi deception, and feel the ground sure
that we tread upon. The passage of a single law
m:.y <, rostrate our most delightful prospects and
sink us i'ltoastate of disgrace and of penury. Fa-
thers of the republic, take care that it suffers no
detriment!
James Monroe.
THE XATIOJTAL ADVOCATE.
.l;:,'iort (sketch nf the public life of James Jllonroe.
,f MJK--. Monroe having been, for a considerable
time, held up to the vk-w of the nation as the person
who ought to succeed the present chief magistrate
of t!ie United States, a short sketch of the principal
incident* of his public life may not beunucceptubk.
I:i this sketch we c;.nnot go into much detail.
The work would be too extensive
g-ive a f 1 11 view of his conduct in
to which lie was a party. Mor
public service, the greater part
in the greatest trusts, connected
inijxij-tunt and vital interests.
confine ourselves to such promiffcrrt fttcs-only as
collected from sources that may be relied on, aud
we state them without a comment.
Mr. Monroe is about 56 vears of age. He was
born in 1759, in Westmoreland county, Virginia, on
lie Potomac, on the land of which his ancestor,
who first migrated to America, a century and a
half ago, was the original grantee. He was educated
at William and Mary's college, and in 1776 entered
with several other young men of respectable con-
nexions, of the same college, as a cadet, in the 3d
Virginia regiment, then commanded by colonel,
afterwards gen. Mercer, the same who fell at Prince-
ton. He was very soon appointed a lieutenant in
Thornton's company, and in the summer of that
year, he marched, with the regiment, under the
command of col. Weedon, to New- York, where it
joined the army of general Washington, immedi-
ately after the affair of Long Island. He was en-
gaged with his regiment in the battle of Harlem
Heights— in that of White Plains— in the retreat
through the Jerseys, and in the attack on Trenton.
In the latter he was in the vanguard, commanded
by captain W. Washington. The captain and him-
self were both severely wounded. Mr. Monroe re
ceived a ball through his left shoulder.
For tiieir gallant conduct in that action, captain
W. was promoted to the rank of major in the re-
giment of cavalry, and Mr. M. to that of captain
a regiment of infantry; which were ordered to
be raised; the latter under the command of colonel
Thurston. Soon after this event lord Sterling in*
•ited Me. M. into his family as aid-de-camp. In,
this capacity he served in the campaigns of 1777
and 1778, and wa^engaged in the actions of Bran-
dywine, Germantown, and Monmouth, in which he
obtained, in a distinguished manner, the approba-
ion, not only of his lordship, but of the command-
er in chief. I^orcl S. commanded in those campaigns,
Wayne's and Maxwell's brigades; by whose officers
Mr. M. was always much esteemed, and by the
urvivors he is still remembered with affection.
Hy entering the family of lord S. Mr. M. had
ost his rank in the line, which he was anxious to
•egain. As this could not be done in the continen-
al army, he formed, in 1773, the plan of transfer-
•ing his services to the south, by raising a corps
n the state of Virginia. Gen. Washington approv-
ed his design, and gave him a letter of strong- re-
ommendation to promote it. The legislature of
Virginia also approved it. An act was • passed au-
horising the raising of a regiment, the command
if which was given to Mr. M. This regiment, how-
;ver, in the then exhausted state of the country,
:ould not be raised. Thus disappointed, Mr. M.
esumed his studies; and having been originally des-
ined for the bar, he commenced the study of the
a'.v in the laUer part of that year, under the direc-
bnof Mr. Jefferson, then governor of Virgin™ — .
n the subsequent invasions of that state Mr. M.
vas active, as a volunteer with the militia. After the
all of Charleston, in 1780, at the request of gover-
or Jefferson, he visited, in the character of milita-
y commissioner, the southern army, under de Kalb.
n this service his conduct was highly approved.
In 17yi Mr. Monroe was elected, from the coiin-
y of King George, a member of the assembly of
Virginia, and in the same year, was chosen, by that
>ody, a member of the executive council. In 1783,
I tfie age of twenty -four, he was appointed a mem-
er of the old congress, in which he served the
onstitutional term of three years. As the debates
f that body w'ere conducted with closed doors we
arc neccssafy to convey a dist,incl<i8ea:of thr P.. ui/( jean speak of him as one of the members, only from
a#d extent of his- services.-. These facts we, h,a.ve I public report audtlie journal of its proceedings.-^
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— JAMES MONROE.
By these'we find, that he was always at his post, and la 1790, Mr. M was elected by the legislature of
engaged in the most important dudes. The follow- Virginia, a member of die senate of the United
Ing- instances deserve to be particularly noticed, j States, in which he acted until 1794. II is incon-
The incompetency of the powers of congress, sistent with our plan, to furnisii a minute detail of
under the confederation, was felt after the revoiu- his services in that station. It is known that he took
tion, as well as during1 its progress. Mr Monroe a part in Idie debate • on every important subject.
appears to have been sensible of the defl-cis of the
system, and desirous of removing- them: we find in
the journal of congress for 1786, a motion intro-
duced by him, to vest that body with pover to regu-
late the trade with all the states. This motion was
several times discussed, but never decided. The
convention at Annapolis, which led to that of Phi-
ladelphia- and to the adoption of our present con-
stitution, was, perhaps, the cause. One of the con-
ditions on which the state of Virginia had ceded
that portion of her territory which lay to thenorili
west of the Ohio, was, that it should be laid off in
states, not exceeding- miles in length, and
in width. Mr. Monroe foresaw, tnat if this
condition was observed, the whole of that territory
must remain for a long- time, in the colonial state, if,
indeed, it should ever be admitted into the union. —
He introduced a resolution recommending- to the
State of Virginia an amendment of its grant, so as
to authorise congress to enlarge the bounds of the
states, to be established in that part of our country.
This resolution was adopted by congress, acceded
to by the state of Virginia, and afterwards came
into effect.
A third circumstance is no less worthy of notice.
It affords a strong proof of the estimation in which
Mr. M. \ras held, even at that early period of hi-.
life, by congress. Tne territorial limits of some of
the states were then unsettled. A controversy sub-
sisted between New York and Massachusetts, res-
pecting their claims to land under their original
charters. It was thought proper to constitute a
courtfor its adjustment. Congress, with the con-
sent of both these states, appointed Mr. M. one of
the judges of this high tribunal. Tae cause was
never brought to issue, being settled by an amica-
ble arrangement.
Afcer serving the then Constitutional term of three
years in congress,, Mr. M. at the end of 1786, return-
ed home. In 1787 he was elected, from the county
of Spottsylvania, a member of the legislature of
Virginia, and in 1788, a memUer of the convention
of that state, called to decide on the present con-
stitution of the United States.— The distinguished
men who had conducted the affairs of that state du-
ring the revolution were members of that conven-
young man;
u •, it may be
presumed, he entertained the highest respect. —
They had a just claim to take the lead in the de-
bate, and did take it. Me was, however, drawn in-
to a discussion on more than one interesting occa-
sion. In the volume containing the debates of the
Virginia conventien we find two instances of this
sort; one, his speech at large on the general subject;
the other a statement made by him of the proceed-
ings of congress, as to the negociation, between the
secretary of foreign affairs and the ministers of Spain,
then residing in the United States, about the sur-
render of the right to navigate the Mississippi for
twenty-five years. To this measure Mr. M. had
been decidedly opposed. We refer to the speech
first mentioned for proof of his knowledge of the
principles of our government generally, and to the
last for proof of his devotion to the interests of the
nation on an enlarged scale, and his zeal in support
of its rights.
tion. With them he was comparatively a you
and for their experience and knowledge, it
and made an impression on his coternporaries which
still continues. Parties had then begun to assume
fixed character. — The revolution in France
which especially in its commencement, had some
analogy with our own, excited the feeling of the
American people. There were some among us,
whose pulse did not beat in unison with this great
movement. There were others, who thought that
the enthusiasm displayed in its favor by our fellow
citizens, though honest and praiseworthy in itself,
was indiscreet, and might embarrass us, by irritat-
ing the powers hostile to France. In this class we
always placed the illustrious Washington. Many
might be enumerated, who stood forth the advo-
cates and supporters of the sound principles of the
revolution, and on which our national and state go-
vernments are founded.
ly of the latter party.
Mr. Monroe was decided'
While he sustained this
character in the senate of the United Slates, he was
appointed by general Washington, in 1794, minister
plenipotentiary to France. It is believed that this
appointment was conferred upon him, not only with-
out any application in his behalf, but without any
expectation on the the part of himself or his friends,
that such an appointment would be proposed.
Mr. Monroe was employed in this mission about
three years. A trust more difficult in its execu-
tion has seldom been committed to any chizen.— •
France had risen en masse, in defence of her rights,
and all Europe was convulsed Mr. M. was ap-
pointed, in consequence of his known attachment to
republican government, which was in fact that of
his own country. It was anticipated that lie would
inspire the rulers of France with a confidence —
that he would not intrigue with the neighboring
powers,and hoped that he might, therefore, preserve
in the French government, a fiiendlv disposition
towards the United States. To those neighboring
powers he cxnild do no harm, even if he had been
so disposed. — While the government of the United
States maintained impartial neutrality, those powers
could have no cause of complaint. It was the duty
of Mr. Monroe, as an honest man, to be faithful to
his principles He was so. Of his zealous exer-
tions to serve his government and counlry, in every
stage and occurrence of his mission, abundant proof
has been afforded by documents which have been
long in the possession of the public. He was,
finally, recalled by the government, with^an implied
censure, in a letter from colonel Pickering, then
secretary of state. Mr. M returned, without de-
lay, and published, in his defence, a copy of his
whole correspondence with his own government and
with the government of France. The whole repub-
lican party were convinced that he had been injur-
ed.— He was, on his .return, received in this city,
Philadelphia, and. Virginia, with demonstrations of
confidence and affection. We have heard, and be-
lieve, that general Washington himself, after he
had seen his defence, spoke of him with respect,
and declared* that he had always believed and still
believed him to be an upright and honorable man.
Mr. M's respect for the virtues of general Wash-
ington, and his attachment to him personally, expe-
rienced no change. Any reproach under the sanc-
tion of a man whom he had so long venerated, and
under whom, in his youthful days, he had fought
and bled, could not fail to wound him deeply, vet
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1815.
could not obliterate impressions which hud so long- u> act, in conjunction with Mr. Charles Pinokney,
been cherished. in tue sa™e character in Spain. The mission to
Mr. M. was soon honored with a signal proof France was attended with complete success. Mr.
of the confidence of his country. In 1799 he waa
elected* by «he general assembly of Virginia, go-
Yernor of that state, and served for the term of vlirte
years, allowed by its constitution. His election
gave satisfaction to the republicans throughout the
union. His fellow cuizens had seized the first
opportunity to evince the favorable opinion which
they entertained of his conduct, and to show their
continued confidence in hhn. Mr Madison, then a
member of the Virginia assembly, m.ide the nomina-
tion of Mi-. M. for this office; and his election was
among the first of the important events which
indicated and led to the political revolution, which
soon afterwards took place. The fi-deralists h.ul
conceived great prejudices against him — but they
became afterwards convinced, that although he was
21 zealous republican, he was no persecutor. He
was attached to the cause of free government from
principle, and knew that it was inconsistent with
the spirit of that cause, as it was the spirit of true
2-eligion, to attempt to propagate it by violence.
Jlis ..drninistration was diligent, active and useful.
The most remarkable incident by which it was
distinguished, was a projected insurrection of the
slaves^ which ,was discovered on the day preceding
that of the intended explosion, and suppressed by
the most prompt and decisive measures. He was
dec Led each year with an increased majority, and
so general was the satisfaction afforded by his
administration, that he received, at its close, an
unanimous vote of thanks from both branches of
the legislature.
Immediately
after Mr. Monroe's term in the
government of Virginia had expired, he was ap-
pointed, by the president of the United States, to
a trust of the highest importance to the nation. The
Spanish government had suppressed the right of
deposit at New Orleans, stipulated by the treaty of
1795. This suppression was effected in a way which
indicated a disposition to resort, if necessary, to
ft:ce. A vital blow at the prosperity of a vast and
fertile portion of our country, excited a ferment
among our western brethren und was felt in every
quarter of the union. Spain, it was known, had
ceded Louisiana to France — and it was, therefore,
to be inferred, that the French government lu.d
instigated the measure. President Jefterson con-
sidered Mr. Monroe to be the fittest person in the
United Siate, fjr a mi.^ion, whose obi»ct was it to!
Monroe's reception was as flattering as had been
anticipated. In a short time after his arrived a
treaty was formed, by which the French government
ceded to the United States, for a pecuniary con-
sideration, the entire province of Louisiana. This
treaty was carried promptly into effect — and it is by
virtue or this treaty that we are now in possession
of uoth banks of the Mississippi. In this negociation
we have understood that entire Harmony prevailed
between Mr. Monroe and his colleague Mr. Living-
>n.
Mr. Monroe did not remain long in France.
Immediately after the conclusion of the Lousiana
treaty he received instructions to repair to London,
the successor of Mr. King, who had obtained
permission to return to the United States. The
which broke out about that time between
France and England had been anticipated by our
government, and it was important, in such an event,
that the United States should be represented with
aoth powers. Mr. Monroe arrived in London in
the s immer of 180.3 and remained there until late
n 1804, when he v;ent to Spain, in conformity with
the original plan of his mission. He took Paris in
lis route, with a view to obtain the aid of the
French government in the negociation with Spain.
He arrived at Madrid in the commencement of the
year 1805. The negociation with the Spanish govern-
ment, with winch he was charged, jointly with Mr.
Charles Pinckney, occupied about six months. At
the expiration of this time he returned to London,
where he was detained by very important duties
nearly two years and a half more.
This specification of the courts to which Mr. Mon-
roe was sent, and of the duties he had to execute
with each, will enable us to form an i lea of the
wide range of action which was assigned to him,
and of the confidence reposed in him by our govern*
ment and country. More important trusts have
rarely been committed to any individual. The result
proved, that this confidence was not misplaced. A
view of his various negociations has been at different
times exhibited to congress and to the public by
the president, in his official communications, and
the approbation of his conduct expressed. by the
administration, has been confirmed by the public
opinion. We shall offer a few remarks on his
conduct in each negociation, and then proceed to
! occurrences of more recent date.
accommodate this difference, which led directly to j During Mr. Monroe's stay in England, previous
•war. Mr Monroe h.id supported the right of tha, to his journey to Spain, the conduct of the British
United States to the free navigation of the Missis'- government had been conciliatory, if not friendly,
sippi on ma fly interesting occasions. He had distin- "
jruished himself in that cause in 1786 in the oul
congress, in die convention of Virginia in 1788 and
5n his former mission to France. He therefore
possessed, it might be presumed, in a high degree,
the confidence of the western people.
I' might have been, and no doubi, was anticipated,
that he would be favorably received in France. His
Tecal from his former mission to that country had,
as was before remarked, excited much sensibility;
and it could not be doubted that ins return would
be highlv acceptable to hi.s former friends who were
still in "power. It might reasonably have been
inferred, that the French government would be
"willing to concede to him what it might refuse to
another. Mr. Jefferson, therefore appointed Mr.
Jttonroe in conjunction with Mr. Livingston, then
resident nvmsiu.- L Fiance, envoy extraordinary
and minister plenipotentiary to that country and
The objects of his mission to that government were,
to provide against impressment, to agree upon a
definition of neutral rights, and a demarcation
of boundaries. The negociation respecting these
objects had been commenced. When he went
to Spain, it was a,greed between himself and the
British secretary of state, that, while the nego-
ciation was suspended, the conduct of England
should correspond widi what it had been from the
commencement of that war. During this period,
our neutral rights had been respected, and there
was but little complaint on any other subject. —
Mr. Monroe remained at Paris but a short time,
probably not more than two months. The conduct
of the French government, though in the main
conciliatory, was less satisfactory then had been
expected. With the Spanish government no an%mge-
ment was made. Mr. Monroe exerted him.ie;i', in
conjunction with Mr. Charles^Pinckney, but without
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— JAMES MONROE.
effect, to settle our differences with Spain. For
the objects and the result of his mission to that
country, \ve refer to his late letter to the Spanish
minister at Washing-ton. It is needless to repeat
what is there so fuiiy stated
T:>e first subject to which the attention of Mr.
Monroe, OH his i-eturn to London, was called, was
the violation of our neutral rights, by the seizure
and condemnation of our vessels, under orders in
co';. oil which had been recently issued, but not
pro 'ml^ied to the world, nor even notified tQ.^eur
go-. • nment The ministry had been changed. Mr.
Pi. had succeeded Mr. Addington, and the policy
of 1793 still formed a part of his system. The
opposition made by Mr. Monroe to this measure
has been seen in several letters, addressed by him
to the British secretary of foreign affairs. — These
have been published; and we particularly refer to
letters dated in 1805.
In the aiitumu of that year Mr. Monroe, it was
expected, would leave England for the United
States; but the state of our affairs with that country
forbade his return. Mr. Pitt died in the winter of
18 J 5— 6, and Was succeeded in the ministry by
Mr. Pox. Wild him the negociation was resumed
with a better prospect of success; but his indis-
position and death deprived both nations of tlie
benefi anticipated from his friendly policy and
councils. In the spring of 18J6 a special mission
was instituted, ia vvnich Mr. Monroe was associated
with Mr. Pinckney of Maryland, wiio arrived in
London early in the summer of that year. Lords
Holland and Auckland were appointed commission-
ers :o meet them. A treaty was finally concluded,
which, although it failed in some important objects,
and particularly in relation to the subject of im-
pressment, and was, therefore, not authorised by
the instructions of our government, (of which fact
the British government was duly and fully informed)
was yet such a treaty as Mr. Monroe and* Mr. Pinck-
ney were willing to accept and submit to tne
consideration of the president. For the reason
just stated the president rejected the treaty, and
instructed our commissioners to make ano her
attempt, by negociation, to put an end to a practice
so humiliating as well as injurious. Another attempt
was made, but with the same result. Tne attack
on the Chesapeake, which occurred soon after-
wards, excited a flame which spread throughout
the union. Mr. Monroe, as resident minister, was
instructed to demand reparation for tltis msuit and
injury, and to insist that a provision against im-
pressment should be a part of such reparation. The
demand was made with promptitude and decision,
and the .special mission of Mr. Rose to the United
States was the consequence. Here ended Mr. .Mon-
roe's mission to England, after an absence of nearly
five years from this country.
The conduct of Mr. Monroe in all these impor-
tant transactions, received the unqualified appro-
bation of our government. In the negociation for
Louisiana, he contributed to render to this coun-
try a service of inestimable value. By the treaty
•which terminated that negociation, a war apparent-
ly inevitable, was prevented, and the prosperity and
happiness of our western brethren were perma-
nently secured.
When it is recollected that, in the early part of
his political career, the free navigation of the Mis-
sissippi had called forth in the old congress his
best exertions, and that he had, at other periods,
pursued the same object with unabated energy and
solicitude, it will readily be conceived, that its
final accomplishment must have afforded him a sa-
tisfaction which does not often fall to the lot of the
successful neg-ociator.
In his diplomatic transactions with Tireat Brih'n
and Spain, Mr. Monroe p-rfornied lii.s duty with
unwearied assiduity. While acting b> himself, he
pressed our claims with each power to the full ex-
tent of our rights, in a manner which was no less
decided than conciliatory; and while acting with
his colleagues, he pursued the same course with
their entire and cordial co-operation. The rejec-
tion of the treaty concluded with the British com-
missioners by himself and his colleague Mr. Pinck-
ney, gave him, as we infer from his subsequent
cerrespondence with Mr. Jefferson, much concern;
but we have seen, with great satisfaction, that it
produced no change in his public or private con-
duct. It is but justice to conclude this part of the
sketch, by remarking, that Mr. Monroe, during the
whole period of his various missions abroad, is be-
lieved to have maintained the dignity of his official,
as well as the purity of his private character.
Mr. Monroe remained the two succeeding years
on his farm in the county of Albemarle, (Virginia)
engaged in the management of his private affairs,
which it may be presumed had experienced no in-
considerable derangement. In April 1810, he was
elected once more a member of the general assem-
bly of Virginia, and in a few weeks after the meet-
ing of that body, was again elected governor of that
state. Soon after this event, he was called by the
president of the United States"to the office of se-
•reUry of state, which office he now holds, and has
held, from about April 1811, except during the
period in which he held the department of war. —
The situation of this country at the time he quitted
a station of repose and political security, to enter
into one of the highest responsibility and cease-
less labor, can never be forgotten, and protects his
motives in assenting, at once, to the change, and
from the possibility of misinterpretation.
We premised in the commencement of this sketch
that we did not mean to furnish a detail of all the
transactions to which Mr. -Monroe was a. party in
the course of his public life. This remark is more
particularly applicable to the period to which we
hare now advanced. At the time of Mr. Monroe's
entrance into the department of state, we were at
variance with France and Great Britain. Both pow-
ers had done us great injury— but a hope was en-
tertained that our difficultie's with each might be
settled without an appeal to war.— Mr. Monroe's
communications with each of these powers, and his
reports on the conduct of both, have been laid be-
fore the public. His correspondence with Mr. Fos-
ter was of a conciliatory character, and distinctly
manifested anxiety for the preservation of peace.—
But this was iwtpracticabl e. The British govern-
ment had resolved to enforce its system of impress-
ment and spoliation. The alternative presented to
the American government and people was, submis-
sion or war. The Litter, happily for this country,
was preferred. Continued acquiescence and sub-
mission vrould have sunk us to the lowest point of
national degradation, and have fixed upon our re-
publican institutions the charge of imbecility, with
which they have been so clamorously assailed. To
this charge the conduct of the American people
during the war, and the result of the contest, have
afforded the most satisfactory reply.
The offer of the Russian mediation gave to our
government an opportunity, of which advantage
was immediately taken, to evince its disposition
for peace. The instructions to our ministers ap-
pointed to negotiate with the British government
under that mediation, and the subsequent instruc-
tions authorizing them to negociate separately and
directly with Great Britain after the mediation hud
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1816.
been reiected, have all been published, and, we and passengers saved. A schr. with about 300 of
v, . ,1 ,•• i 1 _t *1 /!,.«.
believe, highly approved.
New and extraordinary events soon afterwards
pressed on our government and country. The
overthrow of France enabled the British govern
these uhTortunate people, men, women and children,
arrived about smne time; on her passage fro"m Car.
thager.a, she fell in with aSp.mish government brig
>f virar, which she beat off after a de.spa.rate action—
. „ . „ .
walls of the town to entice vessels, unacquainted
with the evacuation, to force the blockade — they
Ivid succeeded in this way with seven American and
eight English vessels, which were condemed; the
crews were supposed to have been murdered, or
thrown into the inquisition, which had been reinstated..
ment to employ its whole force in the prosecution | the c.iptain and a number of the passengers on board
of the war against the United States. The storm tie schr. were killed. The last accounts from Car-
seemed about to break on every part of the union Ithagena stated, that the Spanish squadron was still
at the same moment. On the lakes and the St. | cruizing off the port; the patriot flag flying on the
Lawrence,, on the district of Mi.ine, and on the
ivhole coast from Penobscot to New Orleans, no
part was free from the menace of immediate and
formidable invasion. The city of Washington was
entered, and its public buildings destroyed. It
was at this period that the president requested
31r. Monroe to take charge of the department of
War. Fie did not hesitate to comply. It was a
ineasure of great hazard, but the situation of the
country pointed out the path of duty, and from the
performance of duty no danger, no difficulty relating
merely to himself, could induce him to depart. — His
conduct in the war department, undertaken at the
most disastrous period of affairs, has, we believe,
given, general if not univers.1 .s.'.tisfac,< ion. I1, is wel
known that he devoted himself to its duties* with
an industry so unmiugatcd and indefatigable, that
he had nearly fallen a victim to exertions, which
scarcely any strength of constitution could support.
The good effects of his administration were soon
felt, in every section of the union! Reinforcements
were promptly ordered to the menaced points,
and marched with celerity to the places of their
destination. We state with confidence, that the
aid which he sent to general Jackson assisted him
in the protection of New Orleans, and in saving
from spoliation the vast property which had been
there accumulated. We state with equal confidence,
that the force which had been previously stationed
at any exposed point was in no instance diminished,
«ind that k \v:is augmented at many points with the
utmost practicable dispatch, and with eminent advan-
tage. Relying on the good sense, virtue and firmness
of the nation, Mr. Monroe declined no responsibility
%s'hich the crisis imposed upon him. Under the
superintendence of the president, he formed plans
calculated to call into action the generous, ardent,
::rul patriotic spirit of his fellow-citizens; and even
ut the moment of most extraordinary peril, his ar-
rangements were not merely defensive. *We have
good reason to believe that he had already digested
a plan, for the nex>. campaign, by which he contem-
plated .in entire change in the character of the war.
T'ie nation, in truth, was a.-ising in the fullness of
its strength; and we have ne doubt, if the war had
continued, that we should have gamed new triumpns
us brilliant as their consequences would have been
}m,j<>r.unt and useful. An honorable peace termi-
nated this glorious career.
Agriculture and Manufactures.
SHEEP BREEDING.
For the plan and principle of the following high-
ly interesting table, we are indebted to a gentle-
man of great distinction and much experience in
the subject treated of. As liberty was not given
us to mention his name (though it was not denied)
it is to be regretted that we cannot use it to con-
firm, the general accuracy of the statement, and
partially do away the necessity that some curious
enquirers and intelligent agriculturalists will feel
themselves under to examine the several items, be-
fore they g'ive entire assent to the result.
In the table, as originally furnished, the wool of
native sheep was rated at 50 cents, par Ib. of half
blooded, 100; of three-fourths, 150; and all over at
82.
Ami the sheep 'sold" were thus valued — na-
at jgl 50; half blooded, at 5: three -fourths
South America.
CARTHAGENA.
From the Jlferc-hants' coffee-house books, Baltimore.
15y the schooner William, captain Southcomb,
15 days from Aux-Cayes, we learn that accounts
were received there, that Qarthagena was evacuat-
ed by the patriots on the 6th Dec. and the place tak-
en possession of by Morillo the day following. The
principal part of the fugitives had arrived at Aux-
Caycs in the most forlorn condition: a brig with a
nu inner of them on board, was cast away at the en-
trance of Aux-Cayes, in a gale on the night of the
'?0th January, vessel and cargo totally lost — crew
blooded at 2u; seven-eights blooded at 50; and
above at 75 dollars each. Such were the prices of
sheep and wool when the statement was made out;
and the profit of nine years business left the enor-
mous sum of 97,001 dollars; 600 per annum being
allowed for the support of the sheep.
But the exhibit has been adapted by the editor
to the present state of things — thus: the wool of
native sheep is estimated at 50 cents per Ib. ; of
half-blooded, at 62$; of three-fourths blooded at
75; and all over at lOO. The .sheep are valued as
follows; native at go; half-blooded at 5; three-fourth
blooded, 10; seven-eights blooded at 12; all over at
30; and 800 dollars are allowed as the cost of sup-
porting and attending upon the sheep, instead of
600, per annum. These rates appear reasonable.
The author of the table observes — "The stock
is reduced to 300 each year, which a farm of 200
acres will support. You commence with 200 native
ewes and 2 merino bucks. It is calculated that half
of the increase made is to be sold. The lambs of
the ewes of a year old are supposed sufficient to sup-
ply the place of sheep that arc lost, and the twin
lambs will make good the place of such as die.
Tne sheep will yield 3 Ibs of wool, par head, per
annum."
The greatest objection to the practicability of this
scheme, seems to be in the want of a market for the
sheep proposed to be "soW." But the force of this
objection is considerably lessened by the remark of
another experienced gentleman speaking on the sub-
ject, that the males (designed to be parted with)
had better be kept to the extent of a man's capaci-
ty to support them, than be disposed of for less
than 30 dollars, as they will yield 7 or 8 Ibs. of wool
each, worth 7 or 8 dollars per annum. The four
merino bucks on his farm gave him, last season.,
35 Ib. of wool. He further observed,, that his flock*
MILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SHEEP BREEDING.
9
which cost him 600 dollars the vear befehe; ptodi'.c-
TA&LE.
if* t • • i i T " i , ~ 1 ,-1 1 1 /a v\ • » C .--» i ' 1
CO. t'>i* Illflly 111 SIlCCp !l;l(l VVOOl SOKlj T-lic pi OSJCIIL
ye. r, ;>61 doiLrs, even in the filling market for
Sheefi and t/nir qualities
Product—
Grow
sheep and wool; the stock being also increased ii
^
w
t!ol.t.
atinii~
value
Notwithstanding the present depression of the
"
••K
<1«
f.'
'.x/ilanation
wool tht:e;j
aljiro'
rtM-t.
wool market at home and in Europe, it would ap-
On
1
Stock
30,
«_•_
pear that the rearing of sheep must be mionjr the
2J
10 >
1 1. crease
rnos+. profitable — if not the must profitable p-u-sui
—
.
___J
\ 500
800
of the farmer in the eastern and middle states.
9
200
c
Stock £
300;
especially when it is considered how little trouble
100
200
)
I1.. IT. ase
187
they give and on how little food they subsist. If
00
\
S Id $
300
the thousands of farmers who are merely breathing,
i 0
i
I
SCO
as it were, "living from hand to mouth,"as the say-
3
100
.
(
'
1,187
ing is, on our naturally thin soils, or what is called
; 200
\
Stock <
i 50
375
"worn out lands," were to turn their attention to
j ICO
[00
\
Increases
sheep, instead of the servile labor which such nig-
I001
."I
S-
300
gard earth requires to get a mere subsistence from
it, thev would soon "live in clover," as the saying is
_
50
50
}
Sold <(
>,»0
5
again, in the literal meaning of the word, and have
4
250
i
Cf.,,.,1, £
468
1,570
an ubund-ince of all the good things desired, with-
50
s
otOxJU 1
112
out excessive labor. But we must learn wisdom by
100
>
Increase
f
degrees. We arc told that the putting of a yoke
00
s
Sold |
50C
.000
round a horse's neck was, for a whole generation, an
5
150
•>
2,080
object of ridicule and scorn to those whose fathers
50
}
Stock 3
•Rl
337
hsd taught the-m, that the best way of applying the
150
c
Increase
power of that animal to useful purposes, was by
10r
5C
J
-)
c
500
fastening a rope to his tail. We laugh at the fol-
75
1
Sold <•
750
lies of antiquity, while we ourselves are affording
25
J
L
3uO
2.161;
similar amusements for posterity, by actions not
6
50
93
less absurd and preposterous.
25
f
506
A late letter from Rathbone, Hodgson and co.
50
25
J
1
75
of Liverpool, inserted in the Weekly Register of
150
}
Increase
the 17th ult. (vol. IX. page 424) has been publish-
50
f
250
ed with exquisite pleasure by some of the strange
75
75
J
Sold -^
L
75'
900
persons WHO liuvc cluiv^c or tlic ortttsfi press in tlie
United Suites, as a DAMPER (in great staring ca-
7
200
"^
,\
Stock 5
i50
2,3 7. i
pitals) on the growth of wool in this republic. It
:0(
200
{
C
300
does not become me to speak of such persons as they
25
i
Increase
deserve — but whether the prices stated by the Li-
113
\
Sold -^
1130
verpool gentlemen be correct or not, and I suppose
1~
J
1200
-60
they are, I apprehend that the general price of Spa-
nish wool lias not been less than 5s sterling per Ib.
8
87
200
\
Stock <(
244
3,4-t t-
in Great Britain, (and often nearly double that
13
J
(.
60C
39
price) over which our merino appears to have a de-
87
Increase
cided preference — and, it is probable, that if the
37
100
best quality of the wool forwarded to those per-
5C
Sold
600
sons had been properly managed, it might have
50
1500
brought from 4s. to 4s. &d. per Ib. At any rate,
9
237
r
711
3,85-3
the fair average price of merino wool cannot be es-
63
Stock s
139
timated as at being less than g>l per Ib. and the
20 1
15
Increase
rearing of sheep must always be a great object
107
•
f
1284
where lands are easily obtained and the taxes are
100
Sold ^
3000
light. The various impositions of the king and his
priests upon a British farmer, maintaining 300 sheep,
8J
L
240
5,424
10
130
1
C
39:
Would amouiu to more money than the rent of the
163
Stock 4
489
land capable of sustaining that number, with all
130
*j
L.
21
the taxes upon it, in America. Let this fact be con-
63 i
Increase
sidered. In Spain, the state of things is but little, if
130
63
Sold
1560
any better, \nd the plainest principle of reason shews
1890
4,35»
us tliat the United States, for the causes just stated,
must and will become the grand depot of the world
for wool.
Add value of 300 sheep on hand, at 30 dolls.
27,346
9,000
Herein, again, we observe the additional care that
should be bestowed by a. paternal government to en-
Deduct cxpences-sav 800 dolls, per year 7,200
Cost of iOO native ewes 600
3f 346
7 fiflfl
courage domestic manufactures, as a balance to re-
/,»uu
gulate the demand for foreign articles, and furnish
28,546
a home market, for sheep's wool, in the manner
in i M..,
~~~
that we have got ap a home demand for cotton. —
Let the subject be viewed in what light it may, the
fact must appear, that the prosperity^ of agriculture,
in a thousand ways, essentially depends upon manu-
factures,- and commerce is the handmaid of both.
S^See/saac- JBritrga* demonstration**,
Earthquake. Oa the morning of the 15th ult
two smart shocks of an earthquake were felt at
Weston, Mass. They awakened many of the inha-
bitants — on the following day, fissures or cracks
were discovered in the earth,' extending to- a great
distance, and branching in various directions.
10
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1816.
South-Carolina Statistics.
[COMMUNICATED FOR THE WEEKLY REGISTER.]
Jt statement of the valuations oj lands, lots, with th».ir improvements, dwelling houses and slaves, within the
several state districts of the state of South-Carolina, as revised and settled by the board of principal
assessors, convened at Columbia in January, 1816, and the quota of the United Slates' direct tax,
assigned to each by saidb'jard.
DISTRICTS,
CONGRESSIONAL AND STATE.
1>
|
!•«.
1
Valuation of
lands,hts &? their
improvements.
£
•s,
c.
f
if
* Sf.
* §
<
Total valuation
of lands and
slaves.
f
8
M
5-
1
First district.
Charleston district,
Second district.
Colleton district, -
Beaufort do.
T7iir d district.
am well district, -
)rangeburg do.
jexington do. ...
Richland do. - -
Fourth district.
Edgefield district
Abbeville do.
Fifth district*
Pendleton district « v
Greenville do. - • -
Sixth district*
jaurens district - »
Newberry do.
Fairfield do. - .
Seventh district*
Spartanburg district -
Chester do.
Jnion do.
fork do. •»
Eighth district.
^ancaster district
Sumpter do. -
Kershaw do.
Chesterfield do. -
JVtnth district.
Georgetown district -
tfowy do.
Marion do.
Marlborough do.
Darlington do.
Williamsburg do.
845,744
812,167
597,578
683,905
738,718i
1,147,911^
832,756
523,362
219,403
898,195
308,464
273,839
440,528
357,865
577,629
224,381
362,803
436,182
3,236,004 00
4,443,281 00
1,019,745 00
1,048,443 00
737,215 45
2,482,552 50
2,470,676 00
1,8C1,460 00
571,714 00
2,105,717 00
1,421,263 00
484,386 00
2,710,636 €C
238,069 OC
592,633 OC
693,426 OC
702,815 OC
471,492 OC
21,943
24,376
4,637
6,797
2,014
5,944
11,120
7,574
2,116
13,030
5,181
1,862
14,24£
1,405
2,982
2,50C
3,44^
5,255
5,842,650
6,381,700
40,000,000 00
100,000 00
9,078,654 00
10,824,981 00
22,696 63
27,062 45
1,278,140
1,893,172
609,842
1,874,440
3,195,354
2,205,568
598,087
3,67£,714
1,509,031
543,801
4,284,920
372,660
781,201
766,302
940,317
1,569,944
19,903,635 00
49,759 08
5,714 74
7,354 04
3,367 64
10,892 48
2,297,885 00
2,941,615 00
1,347,057 45
4,356,992 5<J
10,943,549 95
27,358 87
5,664,030 00
4,087,028 00
14,160 07
10,217 52
24,377 64
9,751,05^ 00
2,611,123 00
1,531,859 Ok
6,527 SO
3,829 64
4,142,982 00
10,357 44
1,904,614 OC
2,463,564 00
2,426,942 00
4,761 53
6,158 91
6,067 35
6,795,120 00
16,987 72
3,b82 99
4,260 33
4,376 83
4,594 94
1,553,196 00
1,704,132 00
1,750,732 00
1,837,979 OC
6,846,040 00
17,11509
2,924 50
14,452 57
7,325 73
2,570 46
27,274 26
1,169,801 OC
5,781,431 OC
2,930,294 OC
1,028,187 00
10,909,713 70
6,995,556 00
610,729 0(J
1,373,834 00
1,459,728 00
1,643,132 00
2,041,436 OC
17,488 89
1,526 82
3,434 58
3,649 32
4,107 83
5,103 59
14,124,415 OC
35,311 6.3
agreeably to the act of congress,
123,416,513 65
308,541 20
Those districts marked thus* were unrepresented at the board by the principal assessors for them
and no abstracts of their valuations were sent to the board; the valuation affixed to them was .made
"by the board agreeably to the best information they could obtain, in conformity to the act of congress
in that case provided. The rate fixed by the board was 25 cents on 100 dollars worth of property,
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— TREATY QUESTION.
11
The Treaty Question
Report of the committee appointed on the part of the
home of representatives to confer \vith the committee
f>n the part of the senate, on the disagreeing vote of
the tioo houses, U/JOH the bill concerning the conven-
tion to regulate the commerce between the territories
of the United States undid* Britannic majesty.
The committee appointed to confer with the com-
mittee of the senate, on the disagreeing- votes of the
two houses, upon the bill concerning- the conven-
tion to regulate the commerce between the territo-
ries of the United States and his Britannic majesty;
submit to the house a report of the result of their
conference.
For the consideration of the committee of the se-
nate, they presented, in pursuance of the ciuty as-
fiignc-1 to them, and for the reasons therein men-
tioned, a statement in writing-, to the following- ef-
fect:
"The committee, appointed on the part of the
house of representatives, to confer with the com-
mittee of the senate, on the subject of the disagree-
ment of the latter, to certain amendments propos-
ed by the house to a bill from the senate, entitled
*'a bill concerning- the convention to regulate the
commerce between the territories of the United
States and his Britannic majesty," with a view to
guard ag-ainst misapprehension, to give greater pre-
cision to discussions of the conference, and to reduce
into as narrow a compass as possible, the points of
difference between the two branches of the legisla-
tive body, have deemed it advisable to submit to
tlu committee of the senate, the. reasons which have
governed the house in its determinations, in the
shape of a written communication.
"It is not to be concealed that the disagreement
between the two houses, has originated in a ques-
tion in relation to their respective constitutional-
powers; but the committee of the house of repre-
sentatives is not without a hope, that the diversity
of opinion on this interesting and important ques-
tion, is not so material (at least in its operation up-
on the specific subject before the legislative body)
as at first view it. might appear. Without entering
upon an extensive inquiry in relation to the treaty-
making power, the committee will venture to define,
as accurately as they can, the real line which at
present divides the contending parties. It is of less
importance to ascertain how far they have heretofore
disagreed, or may hereafter differ, than to discover
What it is precisely that noiv divide them.
"In the performance of this duty, .the committee
of the house of representatives are inclined to hope,
that it will sufficiently appear, that there is no'ir-
reconcileable difference between the two branches
of the legislature.
"They are persuaded, that the house of repre-
sentatives does not assert the pretension that no
treaty can be made without their assent; nor do they
contend that in all cases legislative aid is indispen-
sably necessary, either to give validity to a treaty,
or to carry it into execution. On the contrary, they
are believed to admit, that to some, nay many trea-
ties, 710 legislative sanction is required, no legisla-
tive aid is necessary.
On the other hand, the committee are not less
satisfied, that it is by no means the intention of the
senate to assert the treaty-making power to be in all
cases independent of Ae legislative authority. So
far from it, that they are believed to acknowledge
the necessity of legislative enactment, to carry into
execution all treaties which contain stipulations re-
ijuirinj appropriations, or which might bind til
i .i)ii to L.y taxes, to raise armies, to support na-
vies, \o ^rant subsidies, to create states, or to cede
:erritory; if indeed this power exists in the govern-
ment at all. In some or all of > hose cases, and pro-
jubly in many others, k is conceived to be admilted,
that the legislative body must act, in order to irive
effect and operation to ;. treaty; and, if in ant/ case
it be necessary, it may confidently be asserted, that
there is no difference in principle between the hotises
— the difference is only in the application of (he pnn-
ciple. For if, as has been stated, the house of re-
presentatives contend that their aid is only in SOMR
? • .icces.sary, and if the senate admit that in ? >nE
cases it is necessary, the inference is irresistible,
that the only question in each case that presents it-
self is, whether it be one of the cases in which le-
gislative provision is requisite for preserving the
national fiuth, or not.
'•This appears to the committee to be by no means
an unimportant point gained. Its influence upon
the feelings with which the two bodies will na-
turally approach questions of this description, may
be of no trivial consequence; for, as every case, ac-
cording to this course of reasoning, would appear
to rest upon its own foundation, there is less danger
of its being drawn into precedent, and, therefore,
less occasion for solicitude in regard* to it. It is a
view of the subject therefore calculated to harmo-
nize, and to enable us to yield at all times to the
application of another principle, which the commit-
tee deem of the utmost consideration on all such
occasions.
"The committee allude to the principle which in-
culcates the propriety of always taking care, if we
do err, to err on the safe side. Should congress fail
to legislate where legislation is necessary, either
the public faith must be broken, or, to avoid that
evil, the executive branch of the government must
be tempted to overstep the boundaries prescribed
by the constitution. If, on the contrary, congress
should legislate where legislation is not necessary,
the act could only be drawn into precedent in a case
precisely similar; because, upon the principle as-
sumed, "that each rests upon its oivn circumstances,"
it never could serve as a precedent, save where
those circumstances are the same. Nor is it, in-
deed, unimportant to mention, that there is little
danger of much respect being paid to precedents
upon great constitutional questions. Conscience
will always burst the trammels of precedent, unless
restrained by reason.
"The committee, therefore, believe, that it is saf-
er, in every doubtful case, to legislate, and by the
joint act of the whole congress, to give authority
to the execution of the stipulations of a treaty by
the executive, than to leave a doubful case, without
the sanction of the legislature, to tempt the execu-
tive to overleap its proper bounds, or to endanger
the public faith by a failure to perform the provi-
sions of a treaty which has received a constitutional
ratification. The very case under discussion may
famish us with an instance. The senate believe le-
gislation unnecessary. The house regard it as in-
dispensable. What is the opinion of the president?
Should he believe a law necessary, and should no
law pass, he would be reduced to the alternative of
breaking the constitution or the treaty. He must
either set at nought the supreme law of the land,
or jeopardize the national faith and the national
peace.
"It is of importance too, to consider that if the le-
gislative body, from the considerations abore sug-
gested, should legislate in every doubtful case,
there would in all cases be Jess danger of a former
12
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1816,
proceeding being drawn into precedent; so that the
committee are sanguine in the belief, that whilst
such a course is calculated to avoid difficulties, on
the one hand, it has no tendency to increase them
on the other.
"The committee perceive with satisfaction, that
on the present occasion the two houses appear to
have approximated in their opinions, and that, as
far as can be discerned, the senate are disposed to
act upon the principles that have been suggested.
They .illude to the passage of the bill in question
by that body, in its original form: an act which ma-
nifests unequivocally the conviction of the senate,
cither that the Isrie convention does require legisla-
tive aid to effectuate its provisions, or that in doubt-
ful cases they ought to lean in favor of legislation.
"Both houses 'having thus united in the opinion
that a legislative act is necessary, the senate having
clearly assented to the propriety of passing a law,
the committee \vr.ve any argument on the necessity
of a legislative act. It only remains to consider
whether the scheme of the house of representatives,
or the bill of the senate, is best calculated to effect
the object of legislation. The committee will suc-
cinctly offer the rcasons,which, as they believe, sup-
port the correctness of the amendments of the house
of representatives.
"The first amendment proposed, is to strike out
the word "declared/' the insertion of which, in the
enacting clause of the law, has not appeared to the
house to be justified by the usages of the legislative
body. The committee are not at liberty to /•'•!•. ine
what may have been the reasons which prompted
its insertion, and until those reasons shall be de-
tailed by the committee of the senate, if indeed the
use of the term originated in any particular motive,
they do not feel disposed to enter at random upon
their examination. It forms, in their estimation, a
sufficient objection to the phraseology alluded to,
that it departs from the accustomed style of the acts
of the congress of the United States.
"The second amendment consists in a substitu-
tion of provisions, in some detail, for the general
and indefinite terms of the bill from the senate.
The committee will suggest the following deficien-
cies in the bill, which are believed to be supplied by
the amendments.
"1. The original bill from the senate is defec-
' tivc, because it wants a commencing clause; for
though it be true that a commencing clause is not
always necessary, yet it is certainly requisite where
an act is • intended to have a retrospective opera-
tion. If this act, then, be necessary at all, it is us ne-
cessary that it should operate on cases that have hap-
pened heretofore as hereafter; but without a com-
mencing clause (such as is introduced into the
amendment) it cannot operate on cases which have
happened since December 22d, and before the act
pusses. Here then is one deficiency that it has
been attempted to supply.
"2. The original act has no clause of limitation.
It amounts to an actual and permanent repeal for
ever of the acts in conflict with the treaty, in-
stead of operating as a suspension or repeal of
tii em during the term of four years, as stipulated
by tiie convention. Here then* is a second defect,
which it has been attempted to supply by the
amendment.
"3. The committee believe it most advisable, in
legislating upon the subject of this convention, that
the act should be less general in its phraseology
thuii the bill, as it originally passed the senate. —
Ins Lead of a general declaration, that "ail acts
contrary to the convention should bt deemed to
be of no effect," the house of representatives have
supposed it more advisable to adopt provisions
more definite and specific. It has been supposed,
indeed, to be peculiarly necessary in the present
case: for, us one of the reasons which appeared to
them to induce the necessity of a law, was founded
the supposed legislative discretion to produce
the stipulated equalization, either by raising Ame-
rican tonnage and duties, or taking oft* the addi-
tional tonnage and duties from British vessels, it
appeared to the house, and does also appear to the
committee, that the legislative provision should,
'on this subject be less general, than the bill passed
by the senate. An act merely repealing all laws in.
conflict with the convention might leave to con-
struction v/hat ought rather to be ascertained by
law; and the house and its committee have not,
therefore, hesitated to prefer what was most cer-
tain, to what is least so.
"Because, therefore, the bill from the senate ap-
pears to the house, and to this committee, defec-
tive, in wanting a proper commencing clause; in
the omission to limit it to a period of four years,
in conformity with the convention; and in the want
of a sufficient certainty and definite provision; and
because a term has been inserted in the enacting
clause unusual and unaccustomed in the acts of
this legislature.
"The house of representatives and this commit-
tee prefer the bill, as amended, to the bill in its
original form, as passed by the senate."
The committee of the senate declined pursuing
this mode of communication, as unusual, and calcu-
lated, in their belief, rather to defeat than to pro-
mote the object of the conference, an agreement
between the two bodies on the subject of dispute.
Willing, however, to consider the statement af-
ter it was read, as if made in the ordinary form,
they proceeded to explain the opinions of the se-
nate on the points of difference.
Without attempting to follow the course of the
observations pursued by the committee of the se-
nate, it will probably be deemed sufficient to state
the general impression made by them.
Your committee understood the committee of
the senate to admit the principle contended for by
the house, that whilst some treaties might not re-
quire, others may require, legislative provision to
carry them into effect.
That the decision of the question, how far such
provision was necessary, must be founded upon the
peculiar character of the treaty itself. As to the
late convention, the immediate subject of contro-
versy, the senate doubted whether any act of legis-
lation was necessary, but since it was deemed im-
portant by the house that an act should be passed,
they had no objection to give it their sanction —
provided a precedent was not established binding
them hereafter to assist in passing laws, in cases ou
which such doubts might not exist.
With these views, on the part of the senate,
their committee proposed such an alteration of the
bill of the senate, as would obviate the several ob-
jections urged by your committee, excepting that
which was suggested to the introduction of the
words "and declared," in the enacting clause. —
The retention of these words was considered by
the seaate expedient, with a view of giving to the
bill a declaratory,, as well as an enacting form. It
was said also, that they were not unprecedented,
they were to be found in the acts of congress not
declaratory in their nature, and might be consider-
ed as not affecting the character of the present bill.
^Relieving that these words are
NILES WEEKLY REGISTER— CONGRESS.
IS
mot changing the character, or impairing the force,
of the legislative act; that they have been introduc-
ed into previous acts of congress; that no agree-
ment could take place between the two houses,
without permitting them to remain, your commit-
tee consented to recommend to the house to re-
cede from the first amendment to the senate's bill,
and to agree to the following modifications of it,
in the place of the amendments previously adopted:
Line 2d, after the word "act," strike out the
words "or acts as is," and insert these words, "as
imposes a higher duty of tonnage or of impost on
vessels, and articles imported in vessels of Great
Britain, than on vessels and articles imported in
vessels of the United States."
Line 4th, strike out the word "shall," and after
the word "be," insert the words "from and after
the date of the ratification of the said convention,
and during the continuance thereof."
British Incomes.
From a London paper of December 12, 1815.
PHOPERTY TAX. — The Commissioners throughout
the several districts of England, are to receive im-
mediately instructions from the tax-office to assess
landed property, according to its present actual va-
lue, under the recent reduction of rents. From a
late official calculation, the following principal land-
ed estates of England are nearly thus estimated: —
Duke of Northumberland
Duke of Devonshire
Duke of Rutland
Duke of Bedford
Duke of Marlborough
Duke of Buccleugh
Eurl of Grosvenor
Duke of Portland
Marquis of Cholmondeley
Marquis of Hereford
Earl of Bute
Earl of Lansdale
Earl Fitzwilliam
Duke of Xofolk
Earl of Darlington
Duke of Beaufort
Earl of Harewood
Earl Spencer
Mr. Coke
Earl of Egremont
Col. Hughes
Sir W. Manners
£1 25,000 per cam. ence nearly .five
Here we have a list of tiventy-tivo persons receiv.
ing £ 1,789,000 per annum, settled income — proba-
bly before the lata great depression of landed pro-
perty in England, but this does not alter the mat-
ter of the fact— equal to $7,943,160.
Now, suppose this amount of income divided
among industrious farmers, mechanics, &c. as the
product of property and labor is generally divided
in the United States, and instead of twenty-two per-
sons, living prodigally, we have tJiree thousand -nine,
hundred and seventy-one persons, living comfortably,
on 2000 dollars each, a year; or sevsn thousand nine
hundred and forty-three persons, at 1000 dollars each,
per annum.
But the 22 persons can contribute many times as
much to the support of government, by way of loans
or taxes, as the 3971, or 7943, as supposed above.
Thus — the 22 have an average income of $345,450
a year; suppose v/e leave 45,350 to each, that each
may still live in luxury and profusion, and we have;
for the use of the government, to be abstracted in
various ways, direct and indirect, the enormous sum
of 6,900,100 dollars per annum. And if this, in whole
or in part, be directed to the uses of the state, by
loans, the ability to loan is continually increased. — >
\tobilitate viget, &c.
If we take from the 3971, who receive 2000 dol-
lars a year, 500 dollars each, it is as much we can
do, to let them live comfortably, and the amount ab-
stracted will be only $1,985,500 per annum— differ-
115,000
107,000
95,000
90,000
90,000
84,000
80,000
78,000
77,000
70,000
74,000
70,000
68,000
63,000
60,000
60,000
58,000
52,000
50,000
49,000
43,000
REMARKS.
(Jj^Thanks be to Heaven! — we have not, probably,
one man in the United States whose settled income
4s equal to. a half of the least of these; and, periiaps
there are not five who, in the like manner, receive ;>
fourth, or £10,000 sterling; though there maybe a
number whose b usiness produces a greater amount.
But in lieu of such great estates, we' have a pleasing
contrast to offer in the vast majority we possess of
persons who earn or receive from Ito 5000 dollars u
year — who are the bone and sinew of our country,
and the natural republicans of even' climate. We
have alj-.o another contrast — in paupers. It inevita-
bly fallows— that where the few are rich the many
are poor.
The occasion is so well fitted, that I shall offer a
few remarks in explanation of a subject I have hint-
ed at sever;;! times— which is, the resources to ob-
tain loans; and shew that it is Britain's interest, and
in fact a necessity with her, to make the rich richer
and the poor poorer; as, indeed,, it is, more or less, in
every monarchy.
From the 7943 persons, who receive the §1000,
we cannot possibly draw more than 150 dolls, each,
•without reducing them to comparative -want, and the
amount to be drawn from this class will be 1,191,850
dollars — difference 5,708,250; or, nearly six millions
of dollars, per annum.
Here is the arcana of the resources of the British
empire — so manifest that the most stupid must com-
prehend it, though it has been thought so -wonder-
ful to some on account of the difficulty with which
•we raise the pittance our government requires, com-
pared with the wants and requisitions of G. Britain.
But the reflecting man will say, whether is is better
that 22 persons should have "7,983,160 dollars per
annum, to live in pomp and pride, than that 7943
should have the like sum to live in plenty and com-
fort— and whether, that at least twenty in a. hundred
of the people of a country should be paupers, unpro-
ductive— or one in two hundred andjifty or three hwi-.
dred, of the whole population.
CONGRESS,
SEVATE.
February 15.— On motion of Mr. Bibb, the senate resolved
insist on their disagreement to the an.i-nd-Tients to the bill
Hgren
the convention of coinimrce \\itli Great Britain, and
to the conftreuee, to which they appointed Messrs. King,
.
Bsrhour and Bibb on their part
The joint resolution to indemnify the sureties of commodore
Rodger*, was read a third time and passed, by yeas and Hays—
February ;6.— The bill to authorise the opening and workinr
copper mines on lake Superior was refused a third reading and of
course rejected.
February l9.-The bili to . stablish a law library at the seat of
g»vernoient for the use of the supreme court of the United States
was read a second time.
Th<- resolution from the house to appoint a committee to en-
uire into the expediency of carrying into execution the resolves
dopted by congress on the death of the latr g-neral Washington,
was read three times and agreed to. Messrs. King, Varnuni and
Harbour were appointed the committee on tht- part of the senate.
The r -solutions from the house of representatives expressive of
be st-^s, of congress on the achievments of captain Stewart lieu-
enant Biddle ami tht officers and crews of the Constitution and
Hornet, wer<- read a third time and passed.
Tlu hill for the r. lief of lieutenant-colonel "William Lawrence
if the army of the United States, and ot the officers, non-commi*'
gioned ofticers, nnd privates composing the garris«» of fort Br>wT«r
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1816.
was read a third time and passed, and sent to the house of i. nre-
sentative* forconcun,
The Lijl fuvth.-T supplemental^ to th.- ac,t proTidii g for the in-
den'itication of the Y:i-*oo clai:n ''.is
exhibition of claim,; wa. passed f. •
Monday, Feb. .6, Tb< print pal busim ss
i:n" ts, f extending tl
[•n t" • thir<; r-ading.
of tod i y.
ie time. for the
was to order
'1 h
our father is dead; we are satisfied; let
i lie- majority tuay say, "our father is dead; we are satisfied; let nw
r mains n st"— hut if such lie the ease, l> t Virgini* at oi.i- have the
Imnor ami glory of providing for them— Unwilling as I am. that
any state should possess the venerat d remains of Washington; yet
if \v d cline it, V t his native state do them honor. Nothitig has
been said by :ne aliout a mausoleum or monument. All I ask is ft
to he engrossed
for the constrectio.i i f
The bill is hiir''u : . pi rtant
'.Hrd readii.-g. a 'nil! "making appropriations decision in one way or other; to redeem or reject the pledge given
—in that I surely ask nothing wrung.
The resolution was then modlfit d and agreed to hy th* house as
canals
its provisions; proposing tbat
fill :-d with
dollar • .- n.\l!' (th- Mark is propos- 'I t
six hundred t/i'm,--- /...' Jailors') b« n;>;v.,pri:U. d tor the purpose of
constituting a fund for making artificial r.iads. »<>A opt-mng ca-
nals ; wliiel; sum is',. :i invioUhiy pi -Iged as a fund
for that ai'd n» •,•!•• r ;>ei pns — tl-e sam. to be place.' und- r the
< of »!:•
-Mry of the tr« asury for the
special charge
time being, fcc --si •i.->.'!,t»*!7k "'.ir i%'asiateof war at thediscret
of congress; ail . -ioi>i ^ >ub« -i'i -I '.y coi'~r*ss t;i the st..ck of any
companies incorporated for the purpos-s i>t internal improve. u-nt,
to be paid out <•( >l».s filed, &.«'. and all proceeds, inti rest and divi-
dend* of se uk lo accru. to it.
[The hi1.! roncrr;iing thf-: convention of commerce with Gr«>at
Britain now requires only i be signature of the i»resid. 'it to liecoine
a law. the s--,at. having agreed to the report of the eoiumittf e of
conference thereon, which had previously bt-eu agreed to by the
house.
The bill from the house of r< ptesentatifes for reduci ig the dir. ct
tax on th - Uni'-'d States, to thnv millions of dollars, and continu-
ing the same lor one year.h&s been under discussion in the ?--iat. .
On * motion to amend the bill *o as to repeal the tax altogether, th
vote* stood si.vt.ern to siz'teen ; and, th'r
votes, the .motion -ras lost.
its fate is considered uncertain.])
follows, and a committee of seven appointed on the part of this.
lioust:
Resolved, That a committee be appointed to join such committee
as may be appointed by the senat-, to examine 'into the proce ding*
of a former congress on the lament* i\ death of the late George
Washington, an t to take into •onij'l • rati»" what further measures
it may U. expedient to adopt at the present time in relation to that
sole.nn and interesting subject.
After scwral resolutions offered which may be noticed in the
progr>v>* they make — the house wi-nt into committee of the wholu
o - tin- bill tor tlie relief of the Canadian volunteers. Alter *onsir
(Arable de-bate, a motion to strike out the first section of the bill
(to reject) was negatived— only -:5 rising in favor of it. The com-
mittee then ros. , report* d progress, 8tc.
Muiulay. Feb. 19. Mr. Pleasantt, from the committee on naval
aiVairs, r. porter) a biil for tiie relief of those citizens who were
wounded in tli»- prison of Dartmoor, in England ; which wa* twice
rend and committed.
Mr. Forsyth, from the manage rs appointed to confer with the
nia;.ag»-« o;i the part oi the *e/;at,% OH th" disagreeing votes of
i>.g an equality ofl the two houses respecting the hill for carrying into eft'ect tlK- con-
f lie bill is yet under consideration, and ventioi- of commerce with Great Britain, made a de-tailed report pa
HOUSE Or im'HEBXNTVTTVES.
Friday, February 6.— Some time wa- spc;it on the hill further
to provide for military s rvic- > d
£' '* wai'—ai.d the con, nittee
of the whole took up th^ \~n\\ for tlu- r. lief of certain Cirsidian
up tli^ I
tfefugeei. Tin- sp akas in favor of the
Wright, Cnthbert and .Upbjrisou ; agv.ii'st.
ere
it, Mess-
Hurlbsit,
Groivenor, Hopkinson and Webster, ^tiling decisive done.
The speaker having resumed t!ie e1 ii —
Mr. Hnger rose, and after a short but impressive introduction,
submitttd tin following resolution:
Rcmilitd, That a committee bt: appointed to examine into the
proceedings of a former congress, on the latoeuted death of the
late George- Washington, and t.) take into a< i>s;d<. ration wbar i'e.r-
ther measures it may be expedient to -ado^tai the present time, in
relation to tiiat sacred and int- resting snbjf ct.
Bifore the resolution was disposed o. a niotior was made to
adjourn and carried; and tht house adjourned.
'Saturday, Feb. l?.--Aft< r tht presentation of many petitions—
On motion of Mr. Huger, the home proceeded to consider the
resolution submitted by !>hr yesterday.
Mr. linger made a fewj-einarks in support of the resolution, and
taHvd the attention of the house to the correspondence which took
place long since lietwten aongress and Mrs.
jpoixw
Washin
gton; aiid the
agree
ny thing plum, d with tin i;ainr of
asion he -hould disr. gar.l that impu-
pledge then given to the nation on this interesting subject.
Mr. Root of New- York, said lie was unwilling for one to
to the consideration of the resolution, but did not desire to make any
remarks against it. He knew, he >aid, tb;U ii was eorsi.lered
political luresy to oppose a
Washington, but on this occasioi
tation. It had once been attempted to erect a inausol u
Egyptian pyramid to him, am! i»e presumed such was th-' obj el of
the resolution now offered. Such ai. enterpr'u be wa« unwilling
to second; not because the fame and virtu s of Washington had
less eft'ct on his mind than others; but because he wislvd to pro-
tect that fame which he revered. Mr. R. said th'.s resolution de-
clared the fame of Washington perishable, it a movum-nto! marble
be not erected to perpetuate it. Sir, his fame fills thnfour qunrurs
of the globe, and will survive long after your marble has erumt l>d
to dust. JF.re. pereiiiiis—hii fame is more durable tha;i brass or
marbU. Let his rem;.ii.s slumlvr on their nativi plantations; lor
my part, said Mr. II. I would r:;th. r hisna>:.t should live in history
than in marljle. En ct a moi.iuiieiit to him. and it may at some
future time be exposed to die insults of an enemy. Wv have bad
one enemy who would not n spect an editice erected to him, nor
could hip name protect it from destruction; but they cannot reach
hi. fam- —can never touch it. By this resolution too, some may Se
d.-priM-d of the exercise of thir' political devotion. W« know that
prnl ssing dvvotees who 111 \v come here, must make a pilgrimage
to Mount V-rnon to sb w tin-ir devotion. The exprnei, likewise.
said Mr. Root, forms a serious obj* Ction to such a sclieme. and
every good fun! great man hereafter, will hav
honor- Let us not estal lisb the precedent
claim to a similar
Mr. Huger said in reply, that in one respect the gentleman was
in an error; no expenct wus now proposed. Fir had endeavored so
to word the r. solution as to escape objection. Hi could net, he said,
rtcoi.cile it to His mind, as a citizen of this country, longer to
neglect those sacred remu'n.s. Wlu tlxr that n* gl ct'was right or
wroiiK, be had Mot said, m.r diit he intend n-twto pronounce; but
this he could with propriety assert, that the United States are
bound to act on tlit: subject in some shap' «r other, and the object
of the resolution \vas simply to call on them to say what they are
•willing to do. H^was a me n!) -r of the congress which gave to the
nation a solemn pledge on this subject, and he wished th ni now to
decide whether that pledge was to hi redeemed or relinquished. He
had not thought of a mausoleum, nor i>ui<--ed had he contemplated
any particular object of that kind. But becaus; th;re maj be some
expence attending -t, are congress to do nothing in a case where
they are so sacrnlly pl-elgi'd ? Sir, said Mr. H. we are called on to
art on this subject— a great state bat most solemnly called on us.
that subject, embracing the views 'advanced by either party, the
poiiiU of compromise attempted ; ant! the agreement of the con-
ferees thereon. The report was laid oil the table and ordered to
lie printed.
The speaker likewise laid before the house a letter from the. se-
cret-try of the treasury in pursuance of a resolution of this house,
of the 1th inst. respecting the duties paid on the tonnage of Bri-
': !i v<ssels entering the ports oi the United States with cargoes,
jin the British West Indies; which was read and ordered to liea'i
the table.
The bouse then went again into committee on the bill for the re-
lief of the Canadian volunteers— several amendments were oifeted.
and rejected when—
Mr. Burbot r proposed, by way of amendment, an entire .substi-
:ute to the bill, the object ot which was, to allow to the volunteers
In question, a hounty in laud.in proportion to tlie rank they held
in our service, instead of graduating the bounty by the amount of
their losses in Canada.
Which, after dcbat-, was agr.-ed to— ayes 77. noes 49. Finally,
the, committee proceeded to fill the blank-, in the bill,(to apportion
the, bounty';) ..ftt r which the committee rose, reported the bill to the
house, and the house adjourned.
Tuesday, Feb. 20. Man) petitions being presented, &c.— —
The house then proc- ded to the consideration of the r-portof
ih- commit te> of the whole, being the am udments of the com-
mittee to tb': bill to compensate certain Canadian volunteers.
The am udmems reported by the committee of the whole house,
as already stated, clnnged the original principle of the bill from
compensation in proportion to the loss of property iu Canada, to
remuneration according to-rank in our service, agreeably to thefol-
lowingscal : tu c.oloij»ls, 900 acivs; a major 800; a captain 6-iO ;
;i subaltern 181, anfl non-conuiiissioued officers and privates, 320
acr s i !ich.
Which, after a great many motions and speeches, was substan-
tially agreed to by a large majority, and the bill ordered for a thisd
reading.
I'll, house th n proceeded to the other part of the report of tin;
Committee ot the whole, being their amendments to the bill making
fiirth- r provision for military services during the late war.
After agreeing to the other amendments'of the committee, the
question was stat-d on concurring with the committee of the whole,
'ni striking out tbe 3d section of the bill (which provid<-d a bounty
n ! iui to the disbanded officers of the late army.) Nothing detuned.
Wednesday, Feb. 21. Mr. Smith, of Md submitted the following
resolution—which was agreed to:
Jienol-ced, That tlu- committee of ways and means be instructed
tu enquire whether any, and if any, what alterations are necessa-
ry to be made in the laws imposing duties on the tonnage of foreign
vessels entering the ports of the United States.
A resolution, submitted yesterday, was agreed to, which had
for its object to admit the governors of the several states or terri-
tories of the United States, within the hall of congress, during iti
sessions.
On motion of Mr. Fortytf^tht house then proceeded to take up
the report of the managers on the part of tins house, on the sub-
ject ol the disagreeing vou-s of the two houses, on the bill to carry
into effect tht convention of commerce with Great Britain. ThU
report embraces the. whole ground taken by the. conferees of this
hoiiv, and those of tho seiidU. The form given to the bi.1 by this
house was substantially agreed to by the conferees, except the de-
claratory words in the enacting cluin , which were insisted on by
the conferees «f the senate, admitted by those of this house, and
their acceptation .• >com:n>-nii. d.
Aft, r some r. marks//ro and con— the report was laid on the table.
[Several resolutions being uttered which may he noticed in tneir
pro<r. ss — ]
The engrossed bill te compensate certain Canadian volunteers,
was t ad tb. third iin- . >i,;l [.'itonits passage
Mr Willitnns stated succinctly why he had voted against an in-
'isbauded officers, and why he
sh.nld IU. wise oppose tht- present bill.
discriminate o.i. ;y to our own di
Mr. Alexander stated why he should give a reluctant vote asain»t
MILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— CONGRESS.
15
a bill whose object he so heartily approved ; but hi» objections were
insuperable to the shape it had now assumed.
Mr. Gaston made a few remarks on the impropriety of opposing
a measure because it did uot exactly coincide with all our view*;
alter which the question was taken on the passage of the bill and
decided in the affirmative by yeas and uays.as follows—
YEAS.-Messrs Adgate, Archer, Barbour, Bassett, Bennett,
Betts. Birdsall, Blount, Brooks. Brown, Bryan, Burnside, Cady,
Calhoun, Chappell, Cilley, Clarke, N. C. Clark. Ky. Clendennin,
Ctfinstock, Condict, Crawford, Creighton, Culpepper, Cuthbert,
Darlington, Oesha, Edwards, Forney, Forsyth, Gaston, Gold, Good-
wyn, Griffi., GrosvMior. Hahn, Hammo»d, Hawes, Heister, Herbert,
Hugi-E, Hungerford, Ingham, Jackso"', Jewett, Johnson, Ky. Kent,
Kerr,Va King N.C.Lyle, Ma^ay, Wayrant, M'Coy, M'Lean,Ky.
M'Ltraa O. Newton, Or— »y, Parns, Piper, Pleasants, Powell,
Robertson, Root. Sj-^ant, ^vage, Shenck, Sharp, Smith, Md.
SmJtn, Va.So""""", Sturges, Taylor, N. Y. Taylor, S- C. lelfair,
Towiucuit, Tucker, Wallace, Ward, N. J. Wendover, Whiteside,
Wldt, Wilkin, Willoughby, Thos. Wilson, Wm. Wilson, Wood-
ward, Wright, Yancey, Yates— 89.
NA YS— M-ssri. Alexander, Baer, Baker, Baylies, BOSB, Bradbury,
Breckenndge, Burwell, Cannon, Chami.ion, Clayton, Cooper, Da-
venport,Goldsi>orough, Hale, Hall, Henderson, Hopkinson, Hulbert,
King, Ms. Langdoii, Law, Lc-wis, Lovett. Lumpkin, Lvou, Mason,
M'Kee, Mills, Moseley, Nelson, Ms. Nelson. Va. Noyes. Pickens,
Pickering, Pitken, Reed, Rice, Roane, Ruggles, Shettey, Stanford,
Stearns, Strong, Tallinage, Tate, Taul. Thoin««. Vose. Wa,-,l. M«.
Ward,N. Y. Wheaton, Wilcox, Williams.— 54.
The house then proceeded to the order of the day, being the
report of the committee of the whole house on the bill making fur-
ther provision for military services during the late war-the ques-
tion on concurring with the senate in striking out the 3d section
o» the bill, (which provided a bounty in land lor the disbanded offi-
cers of the late army) being still under consideration,
The question was taken without further-debate, and decided in
the affirmative, by yeas and nays, as follows :
YEAS.— Messrs. Adgate, Archer, Atherton, Baer, Baylies, Betts,
Boss, Bradbury, Bi\ ckenridge, Brown, Burwell, Cady, Cannon,
Champion, Cilley, Clayton, Comstock, Cooper, Crawford, Culpep-
per, Davenport, Edwards, Gaston, Gold, Goldsborough,Hahu, Hale,
Hall, Hammond, H; ister, Henderson, Herbert, Jewetr, Kent. King,
(Mass.) Langdoii, Law, Lewis, Lovett, Lumpkin, Lyon, Mason,
M'Kee, M- Lean, (Ken.) Mills, Milnor, Nelson, (Mass.) Noyes, Pick-
ering, Pitkin, Powi 11, Reed, Rice, Roane, Ruggles, Savage, Shelley
Smith, (Penn.) Smith, (Va.) Southard, Stanford, Stearns, Strong,
Sturges, Taggart, Tallimagf, Tate, Taylor, (N. Y.) Thomas,
Towiisend, Vose, Ward, (Mass.) Ward, (N. Y) Webster, Whtaton
Wilcox, Williams— 77.
N A AS- Messrs. Alexander, Baker, Barbour, Bassett, Bennett,
Birdsall, Brooks, Burnside, Calhoun, Chappell, Clark, (Ken.) Clen-
dennin, Condict, Creigbtan, Cuthbert, Darlington, Forsyth, Good-
wyn, Griffin, Grosvenor, Hawes, Huger, Hulbert, Hungerford
Ingham, Jackson, Johnson, (Ken.) Kerr. (Va.) King, (N. C.) Maclay
Mayrant, M'Coy, M'Lean.O. Mgore, Nelson. (Va ) Orms!>y, Parris,
Pickens, Piper, Pleasants, Robert son, Root, Shenck. Sharp, Smith.
(Md.) Taylor, (S. C.) Telfair. Tucker, Wallace, Ward, iN. J.) Wt nd-
over, Whiteside, Wilde, Wilkin, Willoughby, Thos. Wilson, Wn
Wiison, Woodward, Yancey- 5P.
So the house concurred with the committee of the whole, in
striking out the 3d section; and successively adopted the remainder
of the amendments reported by the committee.
Various motions wer> subsequently made to amend the bill; the
most important of which was, by M>-. Wilde, to add a section, au-
thorising a bounty in land, according to rank, to such disbanded
officers as had served one year, and who had been wounded, brc-
vett- d or distinguished by any approving vote of congress, &c.
The wwrds one year were afterwards stricken out, and motions
successively made to till the blanks with 10 years. 5 years, 4 years
S years, 2 years, 18 and 6 months, hut all in vain. Mr. W. then
withdrew his amendment, with the view, as he said, of bringing
the subject before the house in a form unconnected with th
present' bill.
The house had not got through the bill, when, about 4 o'clock
a motion was made and carried; and tin- home, adjourned.
Thursday, February 22.— On motion of Mr. Jaowet
Reaoh-ed, That the cemmittee OH the judiciary be instructed t
enquire into the propriety of providing by law to compel witnessi
to attend from one state to another state, to prosecute or give
evidence in cases of felony or high crimes.
Mr. Eaxton, after a few introductory remarks, offered a resolu
tion, declaring it expedient to grant donations of laud to such dis
banded officm of the late army as were wounded, and such officers
and privates of the militia, rangers and volunteers,as were woundei
in service during tho late war; which resolution the house refused
to consider, by a large majority.
Mr. Pickering rose and announced to the house, the death of the
hon. Elijah Bngham, a member of this house from the state of Mas
sachnsttts.
Mi. Pickering then moved resolutions
To appoint a committee of arrangement f°r tne funeral of the
dec<as<d:
That the members of this house wear crape on the lift arm, fo
One month, in testimony of respect for the memory of the deceased
That the members of the house attend the funeral to-morrow a
twelve o'clock:
'1 hat the senate be invited to join the funeral ceremonies ; and
That when the house adjourned,it should aOjourn toSaturday next
Which resolutions were sew -ally agreed to, unanimously.
Friday, Feb. 23. In consequence of the funeral of Mr. Brigham
neither house sat this day.
Saturday, Pt-b. J4. Mr. Comatoct:, from the committee on revo
lu.tionary claims, reported a bill for tke relief of Elizabeth Hamilton
widow of the late general Alexauder Hamilton; whidi was twiee
read and committed.
Mr. Pleasants, from the committee on naval affairs, reported a
lill for thr gradual increase of the navy ; which was twice read and
ommitted.
On motion of Mr. Forsyth, the house proceeded to consider the
eport of the managers on tiie part of this house, in the conference
on the disagreeing votes of the two houses, on the bill to carry intu
fleet the convention of commerce with Great Britain— the ques-
ion being, whether the house will rcc^dr from their amendment*
o the bill *tnt to this house by the s/nate, and agree to the oiodifi-
ations recommended by the conferees.
The question was decided without debate, by yeas and nays, as folr
ows :
YEAS.- Messrs. Alexander, Archer, Athn-ton, Baker. Barbour,
Jassett, Bateman, Baylies, Bennett, Birdsall, Birdseye, Blount, Boss,
iriffin, Hahn, Hawes, Hendersuii, Hrliert. Hopkinsou, fciftbaw, Ir-
ing, N. Y.Jackson, Jewett, Johnson, Ky. Kent, Km-, Va. Laned««»
Law, Lewi«, Lovett, Lowndes. Lumpkin. Lyle, Mav'"»'< ^jl-vn{"t'
M'^oy, M'Kee, M'Lea... K. M>Lean,O. Middl^--'*1"110^ *~ i3,'
Nelson, Va. Newton, Parris, Pickeiu ™£K\.n' •£ e p**' , "^ '
teeji Kfvnnlrls TJi«M>f> <>io- -•» schenk, bimtn, ra. bantu, Md.
Smith, Vay.Sft'lS^nYo1-d, Steams, Strong Stuart, »u
,
11, ^ford, Stearns, Strong, Stuart, Sdu-gcs,
Ttytat^. TaylJr.S.C. T If.ir, Tawoiin^
r, Vose, Wallace. Ward, Ms. Wendover, Wheaton, Wi!c»x,
Wilde, Williams, Willoughb*-, Thos. Wilson, Yates— ,00.
NAYS— M.-ssrs. Baer, Cady, Calhoun, Chappell. Clark, Ky. Coop-
r, Crawford, Desha, Edwards, Forney, Gaston, Hammond, Hanson,
leister, Hug.r. Hulbert, King, Ms. Lyon, Mills, Mooiv, Meison,
Mass. Orn.sby, 'Pickering, Randolph, Robertson, Root, Shetfey,
1'homas, Ward, N. Y. Whiteside, Wilkin, Wm. Wilson, Woodward,
Wright, Yancey— 35.
Tht house then, on motion of Mr. Johnson, of Ky. took up the
ill, nuking further provision for military services during the late
'ar; which occupied the remainder of the sitting.
The bill was finally ordered, with the amendments, to be engross-
ed and read a third time ; and the house adjourned.
Monday, Feb> ^6. After rtceiving several petitions, with the re-
rorts of committees and others,and disposing of some other business,
The engrossed bill making further provision for military services
during the latt- war, was r. ad the third time and passed.
Then, on motion of Mr Calhoun, the house postponed the inter*
:niug orders of the day, by a vote of 66 to 63, in order to proceed
to the consideration of the national bank bill. The necessity of
establishing a national bank, as a remedy i'or the evil* which the
count) \ experienced from tha depreciated state of the current circu«
lating medium, was explained at some length by Mr. Calhoun.
Mr. Ward, of Mass, was in favor of a different remedy for the evil.
Mr. Sergeant moved to reduce the proposed capital from thirty-
ve to twenty millions.
This motion was opposed by Mr. Calhoun and supported by Mr.
Pitkin,
After some debate, the committee rose, &c.
Tuesday, Ffb. 27. Mr. Johnson, of Kentucky, from the committee
on military alfairs, reported, on the following subjects of enquiry,
&c. referred to that committee— 1st. That it is inexpedient atthi*
time to make additional provision by law for military transpor-
tation-^!. That no provision is necessary to be made for paying a
certain corps of volunteers in Maine, the president being already
fully empowered by existing laws to do so— 3d. That it is inexpe-
dient to assume the payment of interest on unpaid sums which may
have been due for military services— 4th. That no further provision
is ne'-essary at this lime for printing and distributing the militia
and military laws and articli s of war.
Mr. Ihiger called up the resolution submitted a few days ago by
by him, to enquire into the manner of keeping certain public ac-
counts, and into the amount and cause of the gr at balances now
standing against individuals, on the books of the comptroller, &.c.
agreed to.
The house then proceeded to th«» order of the day, being the bill
to establish a national bank — the question on reducing the proposed
capital from thirty-Jive to twenty millions, being still under eon.
sideration.
A debate arose on the general question of the merits of the bill,
at well as of the question immediately before the lions'-.
The motion to reduce the capital was opposed by Mr. Smith of
Md. Mr. Wright, and Mr Tucktr, and supported by MJT. Sergeant
Mr. Randolph, and Mr. Ward of Mass.
The debate continued until nfsrfour o'clock, when, the commit^
tee rose, on motion of Mr. Hopkinson, reported progress, obtaine J
leave to sit again— and the house adjourned.
Wednesday, Fcb 28.— On motion of Mr. Parrli,
Resolved, That the president of the United States be requested tt»
cause to be laid- before this house, a statement of the number of
impressed American seamen confined in Dartmoor prison, the
number surrer,d*red, given up, or taken from on hoard British ves-
sels captured during the late war, together with their places of
residence, respectively.
The house then again resolved itself into a committee of tb^
whole, Mr. Nelson, of Va. in the chair, on the national bank bill—
the motion to reduce the capital, being still under cttnsideration.
Messrs. Webster, Hopkinson, Si rgeawt and Pitkin advocated the
motion, and Messrs. Cuthbert, Sharp and Calhoun opposed thfc
motion.
The question on reducing the capital to twenty million*, was
finally taken and decided in the ntgativt ,as follows :
For the motion 49
Against it 74
Tke committee tlu.n rose; arid, th; hctue r^ouroHI."
BILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1816.
Thursday, Feb. 29. The bill from the senate ft
the relief of colonel Lawrence, his officers, Stc.
Fort Bo\vyer, was read the third time and passec
After some business, which will probably be m
ticed in its progress, among1 it certain fesolutioi
proposed by Mr. Ward of Mass, which had ft
then* object the collection of dunes, &c. throughoi
the United States, ''in the same currencies, or i
currencies equivalent in value" — referred to th
committee on the national currency.
The house then again resolved itself into a com
mittee of the whole, Mr. Nelson of Va. in the chai
on the national b.jik bill.
On motion of Mr. Cady, with the assent of M
Cal/ioitn, the bill was amended by striking out s
mui^v of the bill as gives to congress the privileg
hereafter ol c^,ldiiur the capital of the bank fron
thirty-Jive to fifty mm^ns_
MY: C'twty moved to str'iice «~* «*, much of the bi
as authorizes the government to suhsciiv* „ ,.„,
tain proportion (seven millions) of the stock of th
bunk.
This motion was opposed by Mr Calhoun an
Mr. Smith of Md. and supported by Mr. Randolpl
Mr. Cady, and Mr. Ward of Mass.
Before deciding the question, the committee i-os
and reported progress, and the house adjourned.
CHROJN1CLE.
WAR ox THE OCEAN. An error in our table o
mival battles, page 331 of the last volume, has bee
politely pointed out, and shall be fully noticed i
our next paper.
The mail. It is said that the mail will be carriec
three times a week to New- Orleans, instead of once
a week as at present.
Glass manufactures. Pittsburghas long* been fa
inous for its glass manufactures. We observe si
milar establishments in several other towns of the
prosperous west.
Fire. A nunnery has been consumed by fire ir
Teneriffe. Seven of the nuns perished in the flames
It appears they might have been saved, but for UK
iron bars that secured the windows.
Joseph Bonaparte. From a Montreal paper o'
February 10. — Report says that Joseph Bonaparte
is in treaty for purchasing a tract of land in the
state of New- York, near Ogdensburg, on the St
Lawrence — on which, it is said, tne Bonapartes
which have come, or are about to come to America
will make a settlement.
COTTOS. An account of cotton exported from
Savannah from the 1st of October 1815, to the 10U
of February, 1816 — taken from the custom-kouse
14,552 bales upland
3,638 do. Sea-Island
4,346 do. upland
97 do. Sea-Island
874 do. upland
40 do. Sea-Island
To England,
Do.
France,
Do.
Europe,
Do.
Coastwise, 10,123 do.
Total 33,670 bales.
Hast India trade. \ Salem paper says, "Twen-
ty-five sail of vessels, averaging 290 tons, are now
on voyages round the Cape of Good-Hope, belong-
ing to this town."
Population of Cincinnati, 1815. Free white males
above 21 years of age 1,J45; other white IKVSOMS of
both sexes, 5,296; blacks and muluttoes 247 — total
<5,498,
Capt. Stewart, of the navy. A resolution has been
handsomely introduced into the legislature of Penn-
sylvania, to present to captain Stewart (a native of
that state) the thanks of the commonwealth for
his gallantry and skill in cipturing the British
ships Cy.me and Levant during the late war, and
to authorize the governor to present him with art
elegant sword, at the expcnce of the state.
.\\w-York election. The federalists have nomi*
nated Sufiu King to be supported for governor,
and George Tibbets for lieui. g^'^rnor, at the next
election. The republicans have sine*. put up gov.
ToiApkin* and lieut. governor Tayler.
Cherokee Chiefs. On the 8th ult. arrived colo-
nel RETUHBT J. MEISB, the agent of the U. States in
the Cherokee nation, with :t deputation from the
nation, consisting of colonel Loivry, major Walker,
major Ridge, captain Taylor, adjutant Ross, and
Cim-ne-sec. These Indians are men of cultivated
.iiiUcr&La.iaiuj;.-,, were nearly all officers of the Che-
rokee forces which served under general Jackson
during the late war, and have distinguished taem-
selves as well by their bravery as by their attach-
ment to the United States. "We should have no-
ticed their arrival before, but were ignorant of
their names. — JVat.'lnt.
There are many distinguished strangers at Wash-
ington City. Among them, are general Brown and
his lady, governor Miller, colonel Gardiner, colo-
nel Jenkins and colon e: Wool.
Virginia electors— The republican members of the
cgiskture of Virginia held a caucus at Richmond
>n the 14th ult. to nominate suitable persons to be
upported by the people of that commonwealth as
•lectors of a president and vice-president of the-
United States, at the ensuing e lection. The follow-
Hg are the gentlemen so selected:
•'or Ut&at. MTesZingJr. (of Norfolk borough.)
2d Charles ff. Graves, ( Surry . )
3d Gen. If. Pegram, (Drnwiddie.)
4th Murk Alexander, (Mecklenburg.)
5th Thomas Read, senr. (Charlotte.)
6th branch T. Archer, (Powhatan.)
7th Joseph C Cabell,( Nelson.)
8th John Dabney, (Campbell.)
9th George Penn, (Patrick.)
10th William G. Poindexter, (Louisa.)
llth Spencer Roane, (Hanover.)
12th SthrevMey Reynolds, (Essex.)
13th Robert Taylor, (Or nge )
14th Isaac Foster, (Fauquier.)
15th Brazure W. Pryor, (Elizabeth city.)
16th William Jones, (Gloucester.)
17th Wm. Lee Ball, (Lancaster )
18th John T. Brooke, (Stafford.)
19th Hugh Holmes, (Frederick.)
20th John IHxon, (Jefferson.)
21st Archibald Rutherford, (Rockingham.)
22d Archibald Stuart, (Augusta.)
23d Andrew Russell, (Washington.)
24th Charles Taylor, (Montgomery.)
25th John Webster, (Harrison.)
The king of Hayti. — The anniversary of the cora-
ation of the sable king of Hayti, has'been celebra-
ed with a pomp and manner to make us laugh at le-
'timucy.
Canal through Squam Beach. — The legislature o^
ew-Jersey have authorised the cutting of a c..nal
irough Squam Beach, connecting1 the ru in cean
ithCape M.sy bay, air, I shortening the di-^tncc: by
Ater between PhiUdeipaia and New-York very con-
lerably.
No. 2 <»i> VOL. X.]
WEEKLY IIEOISTEH.
n.\LTLMi»RE, SATURDAY, MARCH 9, 1816.
[WHOLE xo.
:36.
HKC olitn weminisse juvabit. — VIHBIL.
PRJVTM) iVD f-JBLISilK.) It V H. S1I.KS, Ml. 29, SOUTH CAITERT-STBEXT, AT
Tlie forwarding of the title-page :;nd index for
the last volume, is unavoid bl- postponed until
next week— and, the week after, the SUPPI.KHKXT
to that volume is expected to be sent »o till who
shall have ordered it. The agents of the R. GIST n
are earnestly requested to use all diligence, com-
patible with'their convenience, to have the accounts
adjusted immedi tely.
Kates of Postage.
The following will be the rates of postage <•" and after the first
•« April m xt. agree&bly to t»ct of congress paued Pebrunr) 1st, 13 6.
Far single Id it ;•••. cm .•« '•'<'» •
Any f'.jst;':. dii g 40 iiiil< s, <; c-
Over <W und not Kceediitg 90 10
Over 90 do. JAO 12 1-2
Ovi;r '50 do. 300 17
Over 300 do. 500 20
Over 500 do. 25
Double lutters—or those composed of two pieces of paper, are
charged will* double thos rates*
Trifle lexers- withtrii.l. those ratrs.
Quadruple letters— with qiia'lrupl- those nates.
Every packet co.nposc-d of ton;- or rnoiv pit- ces of papei',srjd weigh-
ing'one ounce <»r mure, is to be cli.irgvd witli single uost.<'>ei'oi' each
quarter of an ounce; except Mti'rs eo:ivr>rd by wat; i ms.i!*,
which are not to be charged with mow than quadruple |»-jst:.g<'
unless the packets actually contain mor«- t!i;m <>ur distinct 1 Hers.
Rates of pottage of news/tapers.
Each paper cavriwi not ovf.r 10p.) miles 1 cei
Over 100 milt s 1 1-2
But if carries! to any post-offij'- in tin- state in which it
is pr>i>tf.i, what vtr he the distance, the rate is 1
Magazines and fiam/Mett—trre rated by the sheet.
Carried no .ver SO miles u< -r sheet, 1
[ Over 50 and, not over '00 do. 1 1-2
Any grater distance 2
R. J. MEIGS, Jim. Pott master gen.
General post office, February 15, 816.
"War en the Ocean."
"Lieutenant BalLird, first of the Constitution fri-
gate when she foughv. and c.ip.urcd the Hritish
ships Cyane and Levant, h ving observed tint an
error existed in the "weight of metal" of tho e ships
as put down in the table of "luiva? bathes," fur.iished
by it correspondent, (see vol. IX, p. 531) the edi or
requested that he would give x statement of he
force of the captured vessels, with a view to correct
that error, which he very politely complied with.
The circumstance nat-irally led ;o an exiiinina-
tion of ail the official letters," &c. on the subject. —
The f.c s which Appear therein are given below.
When these accounts so materially differ, how is
it pos.siine 10 aivive at the certainty \ve aim uv?—
The difficulty that presents itself here will delay,
for some time, the very valu..ble table we have of
the land battles, that it -.nay nave, not only a tho
rou-li examination by the documents again, but
be corrected by inlelii-ent officers, informed of the
facxs, if any such we can find willing to assit us.
The WEEKLY REGISTER has, in a considerable de-
gree, obtained the character of a national work,
and tiie editor is perfectly aware of the responsi-
bility that rests upon him on that account, as we;l
as of what is due to himself— and the most perfec;
drudgery has been bestonred, on all occasions, to
ar>id inaccuracies in statistics, .specially; wilich
he trusts, .ire as free from errors as things of the
kind can easily be. That there must be errors in
them, we h;*ve ample proof in the st.ite-nv.-'ius that
follow— all furnished by as honorable men as any
country can boast of.
VOL. X.
Force of the Cyane and Levant, as slated by captain
titewart, lient. Ha Hard, and lieut. Hoffman.
Cl'A^E.
Capt. Stewart. Lieut. BaliaH. Lient. Hoffman.
22— 32's 7 4 ?'*— 32's 704 I 2u— 32's 704
1J— 18'sr 180 10— 24's 24 j | 10— 18's 180
2— 12'slg. 24 1—12 121 2— 9's 18
2— 9's Ig. 18 J
Ibs. 908
ttt. 974
LEVANT.
18— 32's
1—12
Together Uu 1JH
Constitution
576
20— 3^'s 640
18
2— y
sly. 18
12
1—12
12
607
Ibs. 670
1644
1408
Ibs. 902
18— 2-4's 432
2— 9's Ig. 18
1—12 12
Ibs. 462
1364
1408
Difference 1^6 more. 236 more. [less 34
In the table it is stated that these ships, togeth-
er, had a weight of metal equal to 1364 Ibs. — by
which it appears that our correspondent had fol-
lowed lieut. Hoffman's account.
When captain Stewart wrote his official letter, he
had not, probably, been on board of either of his
prizes. Lieut. Bathtrd had charge of the Levant,
(re-taken in Porto Pruva, a Portuguese, Xttdnpulra I
port of the Cape de Verd islands, by a lieavy British
squadron) and lieut. Hoffman brought the Cyane to
New-York. As each of the lieutenants had perfect
opportunities of knowing the force of the ships un-
der their command, i.&e following- was, no doubt, the
real amount of tue weight of metal employed against
the Constitution:
The Levant, according to lieut. Ballard, Ibs. 670
Cyane— " " Hoffman. 902
The Constitution, as stated in our table,
and confirmed by lieut. B.
1575
1408
Difference against the Cvnstitution, Ibs. 164
We are almost glad that the error, or rather sup-
posed error, occurred, since it has been the menus
of eliciting :.n honorable truth, as to a mutier ne-
ver vet before (that we recollect of,) fairly and ful-
ly stated.
District Banks.
The following is an abstract of the report made to
congress of the state of the incorporated banks
in the district of Columbia, a few days since,
pursuant to a resolve of the house of represen-
tatives. These banks are — the bank of Wash-
ington, bank of Columbia, Union bank of George-
town, bank of Alexandria, bank of Potomac, Far-
mers' bank of Alexandria, and Mechanics' bank
of do
There are also nine other banks in the district, un-
incorporated, viz. the bunk of the Metropolis and
the Patriotic bunk, in Washington city; the Far-
mers' and Mechanics' bank and the Central bank,
with an "Importing Company," issuing notes as a
18
5ILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 9, 1816.
bank, in Georgetown; ami the MTerchan
the Union bank, with a bank said to be bottom-
ed on "real estate," and, we believe, yet another,
in Alexandria. To discover, therefore, the real
amount of the banking- concerns within the dis-
trict of Columbia, we may double the capital, 8cc.
of the seven stated below.
The totals of the seven first named, incorporated
banks, are thus given —
Capital by law,
paid in,
Notes in circulation,
Amount due to banks
Deposits
Discounts
United States' stock
Notes of banks
Due by banks
Specie
Real estate
§4,000.000
3,321.579
2,094,376
1,457,228
1,239.337
4,830,031
1,455,595
629,511
632,167
291,63
2/2,3^
The National University.
The following- is the bill reported by the selec
committee of ihe house of Representatives, to whon
so much of the message of the president of xh
United States as relates to that subject was referrec
The outline is bold and liberal. The bill avoid
the details of the administration and organizatio
of the Institution until the principle shall be settlec
The question is, by the bill, fairly brought hefor
congress.
Jl bill for the establishment of a National Universit
Be it enacted, &c. That the president of th
United States be, and he is hereby authorized t
cause to be erected, on such site, within the DLstric
of Columbia, as he shall select, the building-
necessary for a National University; avid for defray
ing the expense thereof the sum of.
thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, to be paid
out of any money in the treasury of the Unitec
States, not otherwise appropriated by law.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted. That the pres
dent of the United States be, and he is hereb
authorized and required to cause to be surveyec
and laid into building lots, the whole, or such part
as he may think proper, of the ground reserved fo
the use of the United States in the City of Washing
ton; and to cause the same to be sold, at sue
times and places, and in such proportions, am
under such regulations as he shall prescribe; am
the proceeds thereof, after defraying the charg
of survey and sale, to be invested in such stocl
or public securities as shall, by him, be deemec
most advisable; and the same, when so investe
and the dividends thereon arising, shall constitu
a fund for -the support of a National University.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted. That the pre
dent of the United States be, and he is here
requested to cause to be prepared and laid befo
congress, at its next session, a plan for the regulati
and government of the said University.
The Sinking Fund.
Report of the. commissioners of the sinking fund, sho
ing the measures which hare been authorised bit
board subsequent to their lust report, of the 6th
February, 1815, so far as the same have been co
pleted,
The commissioners of the sinking fund respectfu
report to congress as' follows:
That the measures which have been authoris
;iiy, 1815, so far as the same have been
npletrd, are fully detailed in the report of the
cretary of the treasury to this board, da led tke
th day of the present month, iuid in the state-
ents therein referred to, which are herewith trans-
tted and prayed to be received as part of this
>ort.
JOHN G A ILL ART),
president of the senate, pro tempore
J. .MARSHALL,
Chief-justice of the Unit'"'. States.
JAMES MONROE,
Set '-e.to.ri' of state.
A. J. DALLAS,
Secretary of the treasury,
Washington, February 7th, 1316.
REPORT.— -The secretary of the treasury res
ci fully reports to the commissioners of the sink
g fund,
That the balance of mo-ves advanc-
L on account of the pub i~ debt, re-
.lining unexpended at the en-1 of 1, he
ear Iul3, and .ipp;ic vble >o payments
'ling due after that year, which ba-
nce, as appears by the s aa.-mt-'i; !i.
mexed to the last annual report,
nounted to $ 761,205 75
Together with the sums disbursed
om the treasury, during- the year
814, on account of the principal and
terest of the public deb?, which
urns, us appears by the statement C,
mexed to the last annual report,
-nounted to 8,386,880 59
Together with the further sum aris-
tythe board subsequent to the last report of t applied for by the pro-
ig from profit in exchange on remit-
ances from America to Europe, dur-
ng the year 1814, amounting as ap-
pears by statement D. annexed to the
ast annual report, to
19,827 61
And amounting to
$9,167,913 95
Have been accounted for in the fol-
owing manner, viz.
There was repaid into the treasury
uring the year 1814, on account of
ic principal of monies heretofore
dvanced for the payment of the pub-
ic debt, as appears by the statement
R. annexed to the last annual report,
he sum of
The sums actually applied, during
he year 1814, to the payment of the
principal and interest of the public
lebt, as ascertained by accounts ren-
lered to this department, amounted,
is will appear by the annexed state-
nent A, to the sum of $8,940,074 08,
286,336 65
In reimbursement of
the principal of the pub-
lic debt,
On account of the in-
terest and charges on
the same,
4,283,692 34
But of this sum there
was short provided, con-
sisting of unclaimed di-
vidends on the public
debt, not demanded or
4,656,381 74
8,940,074 OS
NILBS' WEEKLY REGISTER— TREASURY REPORT.
19
prietors, as per the an-
nexed . ^.atement B,
58,496 78
8,881,577 30
559,167,913 95
That during1 the year 1815, the following dis-
bursements were made out of the treasury, on ac-
count of the principal and interest of the public
debt, viz.
On account of the interest and re-
imbursement of the funded domestic
debt, 6,373,847 73
O'.i account of the principal and in-
terest of the registered debt, -6 49
On account of the principal and in-
terest of temporary loans, viz.
Reimbursement of prin-
cipal, 1,800,000
Payment of interest, 69,230 07
1,869,230 07
On account of principal and interest
of treasury notes, 3,872,708 95
On account of the interest en the
Louisiana stock, payable in Europe, 724,136 1
Amounting together, as- will appear
by the annexed list of warrants,
marked C, to the sum of g 12,839,929 35
Which disbursements were made
out of the following funds, viz.
I. From the balance of the annual
appropriation of eight millions of dol-
lars for the year 1814, remaining un-
expended at the end of that year,
whiuih balance amounted, as stated in
the last annual report, to 341,710 17
II. From the funds constituting the
ami u. 4.1 appropriation of eight millions
of dollars for the year 1815, viz.
From the fund arising from the in-
terest on the debt transferred to the
commissioners of the sinking fund, as
per statement I, 1,969,577 64
From the fund arising
from the nett proceed
of the sales of public
lands, 1,200,000
From the proceeds of
duties on goods, wares,
and merchandise, im-
ported, and on the ton-
nage of vessels, 4,830,422 36
8,000,000 00
- III. From the proceeds of the duties
on goods, wares, and merchandise im-
ported, and on the tonnage of vessels,
and from the proceeds of the direct
tax and internal duties, in advance;
and on account of the annual appro-
priation of eight millions of dollars
for the year 1816,
of the provision at the end of the year
1814, as above stated, the sum of 58,496 78
There was paid for loss in exchange
en remittances from America to Eu-
rope, during the year Itil5, as exhibit-
ed in the annexed statements marked
D, the sum of 53,038 17
There is estimated to
have been applied dur-
ing the year 1815, to the
reimbursement of the
principal of the public
debt, 7,034,016 48
And to the payment of
:he interest on the same 5,606,965 02
$12,640,981 50
\s will appear by the annexed cs-
:imate F.
And there is estimated to have been
left unsuppliecl at the end of the year
1815, as per annexed estimate G-, and
a sum applicable to payments on ac-
count of the public ucbt daring the
year 1816, of
87,412 90
g 12,839,929 35
That all the temporary loans which became paya-
ble during the year 1S15, were paid ; but the two
instalments amounting to 500,000 dollars which be-
came payable at the state bank, Boston, in the month
of December, 1814, and which were not then paid,
still remain unpaid fi om the inability of the treasu-
ry, to apply the monies within its control to that ob-
ject, owing to the disordered state of the public
currency.
That during the year 1815, and en the 1st day of
January, 1816, treasury notes charged upon the sink-
ing fund, fell due amounting to 7,847,280 dollars.
It was not within the po\ver of the treasury to make
provision for t'ae payment of yny part of these notes,
or of tiiose which had fiiicu due and had not been
laid in the preceding1 year, (with the exception of
inch us were appl.'ed by their holders to the p iv-
$12,839^29
That the aforesaid sum of twelve millions, eij
hundred and thirty-nine thousand, ninej
twenty nine dollars and thirty-five cents will be ac-
counted for in the next annual report, in conformi-
ty with the accounts which shall then have been
rendered to this department.
in the mean time, the manner in which the!
P'|
sue!
meiu of duties ~md tales',) until the 1st of July,
1815 ; when provision \vi>.s made and public notice
thereof given, for the relmbarsment of such trea-
sury notes as had, previo'.Kly to that time, became
payable at Baltimore ahc*. Washington. The same
provision was made on the 1st. of August, for those
previously payable at Philadelphia ; on the ls~ oi
September, for those previously payable at Savan-
nah; and on the day <i when they respectively be-
came payable, for those reimbursable at all oilie:'
places, with the exception of New- York and Boston,
at neither of which places have funds yet been ob-
tained, to an extent sufficient to meet the payments
of the treasury notes reimbursable at those two
places respectively. The annexed statement nurk-
i ed L;, show* rhe times wnen, and the places at which
4,498,219 IS! a>l the treasury notes reimbursable in the year 1815,
ou t!ie 1st day January 1816, became payable.
stuxemsii'c marked H, is annexed which exhibits
who'ie amount oi' stock transferred to the com
•s of the sinking-fund, and standing to their
ci-vdit in the books of the treasury, on the last day
of Dec. 1815. Ail which is -espectfnily submitted.
A. J. DALLAS, secretary of the treasury.
Treasury Department, Feb. 6, 1816.
[Here follow the various details, all which are
said sum nas been applied is estimated as follows, viz. i sufficiently explained for general purposes excep1,
There is estimated to have been up- the account of stocks transferred, &c. of wiuch the
plied to the payment of the deficiency 1 statement follows,— E»-j
20 NILKS* WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH £, 1816.
c :
-»} *'
y *
'iolai amount to th civ.! t o. the commissioners of tlu-
.sinking fumi 10 the 31st December, J815,
i gr. ss,
In paj .unit for lands on lake Erie, sold to the state of
i Pennsylvania, .....
In payment of certain balances, which originated prior
1 to the prt sent constitution, -
In tin- paj mt in (.t commutation of certain military officers
i placet! on tue pension list, - ...
lu disLhiu-vje. of dtbts due foreign officers,
of the registered debt, per act of the 12th of
June, 1798, ....
of loan-otfice and final-settlement certificates,
pt.v s.unt; act, - --.
Stock nrising Irotn siutie, paid for services and su>.*i>lk-s
Unappj:*:. ul 530,000 dollars C per cent stock, remitted 0)1
accountof the Dutch D bt, in 1795, .
Reimbursement of foreign debt, to the 3lst Dec. 1609,
of the navy 6 per cent stock,
of the 5 1-2 per cent stock,
of the 4 1-2 percent stock, -
of the exchanged 6 percent stock,
of Hie 8 per cent stock,
of the converted 6 per cent stock.
Purchased \vjtb monies received cu account of surplus du-
ties in the end of 179 , ....
Purchased on account of the loan of 2,000,000 dollars of
the. liih August, 1790, ....
.Purchased out of the interest fund, or applied tin rofrom,
Purchased out ol monies arising from imports and tonnage,
; and from the sale of punlic lands,
In payment for lands sold under certain acts of con-
b
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CT1
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— KEENER MEMORIAL.
Keenc's Memorial.
\Ye have the following- very curious article in the
Baltimore Patriot of the 21st ult. Its authentici-
ty is unquestioned; and, we are confidently in
formed, will not be denied.
The author of this memorial, addressed to the
Spanish government, is Richard Ray nail Keene, a
native American, born in Marvl.nd, and son-in-
law of Luther Martin, esquire, of Baltimore, his
benefactor, whom he betrayed <uul basely treated.
It is stated as probable that he acted as a pilot
for the British in their late expedition against
J\*civ Orleans, (where he had resided for some
time before) for which he now enjoys a proper
pension.
The cant of the traitor about " Frenchified demo-
cracy and atheism" will shew that he was just as
patriotic and -s religious as Benedict Jlrnnld, who
first talked about these thing* -and applied them
to the government of the United States. See Jlr-
nold's address in a former volume of the WKEKLI
all the Sp.'.ni.'.h provinces, to excc.ute and organize
the insnrvccvion of the inh.'ibiinf^s, and ,-).> .soon i-s
any temporary advantages were trained bv the in-
s '-.'gents, certain special revolution] its c,:.r»ed con-
1 , were sent ihere witii :h- -lew o-p as ':•:{.. g
id insurgents by an acknowledgement of tl.eir
authority an<! sovereigntv; among the n mnerous
envoys, may be mentioned wi'h cx.c; H: , *he
n ,-nes of Matthews, Sfu'er, Robinson, Ki; g on,
and Poin'.cctte, dcstinc-d for tht- Fbridas, M>-vico,
Huvanna, Carracas, and Chili. Lithe pre'-e^v -•'•• r
the aforesaid government, tempted by tVe in p >i ity
of^ their former proceedings 'vith respect to full-
insidious possession of Baton Rouge, took by vio-
ence Mobile and the country east as far as the Rio
1'erdido.
J-j'.'lno; 'be pi-e.-nden-
-y man nai.-.ed Pike,
jrovincco of Mexico,
Ll;e emissary, to col-
nograph ioal informs-
Never was a memoir more redundant in falsehood —
But we should despise ourselves for attempting
a refutation of them. Ml things arc easy to the
•wretch that sells his county. And, indeed, the af-
fair is of no further consequence than to she .v
the breed of vipers that we nurse in the bosom
of our country, who talk of " RELIGION, LIBEUTI
and IAW !"
"The democratic government of the Unit d State ,
under the administration of the Frenchified Jeft'er-
son and Madison, not only during the actual war,
bat long before that period, had given the strong-
est and most unequivocal proofs of its desires and
intentions to effectuate a separation of the Spanish
Americas from the mother countrv.
_ In the summer of 1810, broke but the insurrec-
tion oT West Florida, instigated by the American
government, whose unrestrained nnd wretched am-
Before the present
cy of Mr. Jefferson,
penetrated into the i
with the object an ..
lect all the st.uirfticul a
tion possible, in order to facili'.-.te ijs government
i'l t;>e extension of their territory to the Rio Grande ;
thus including to the we.si of Louis; n i the en-
tire pi-ovince of TeSas, part of that of New Saint
Ander, New Leon, Cahuhaila and New Noille Mexi-
co. If any corroboration of the insidious and hos-
ile attempts of ssid emissary, were necessary, they
are 10 be found In ihe memorial of William" Peter
LJ.driste Pina, deputy of the ccitcs for New Mexico.
By posiiive and unquestionable information it is
known, that an assemblage of vagabonds and crimi-
nals, instigated and abetted by the .\mcricrm go-
vernment, have taken possession of the territory
between the above mentioned river firancle and
Louisiana, calling it the state of '! indi-
cating their confraternity and new ip with
the other states to the wdrth: From ti:o,e f.xts
and data, it is manifest without a doubi i' '.•••>. -\ t!..;
practice of the American government, that 1
firm and unalterable determinutiw to dim i ish and
bition stimulated it to profit of the injuries and j finally to annihilate the dominions of Sp:\in in the
misfortunes which threatened to overwhelm the' Americas, and by means of clandestine fraud, and
ndizement by
Sits and
Peninsula, and to get possession of B'.ion R.iuge, j open force, to promote its own ag^r .ndizer
Avhich was the theatre of the insuirection. The ihe infamous sacrifice of the legitimate rig-1
unworthy pretext of the spoliation, as alleged by
Mr. president Madison, was, that the country thus
spoiliated belonged to Louisiana, notwithstanding
that the same territory had been denominated by
H. B. majesty, and II. C. majesty successively, as an
integral part of Florida, since the year 1763, until
the month of August 1810, the date of the afore-
said insurrection.
In the month of June, 1811, in conformity with
his request, congress granted to Madison authori-
ty to annex to the United States the entire posses-
sion of both the Floridas, although under condi-
tions involving in them, the corruption and treache-
ry of the chiefs of said Floridas.
The persons encharged with the revolutionary
government of Carraccas, received from Mr. presi-
dent Madison and his ministers, the most expres-
sive declarations of the profound interest they took
in the good success of the revolution of that coun-
try, and of similar results in all the other provin-
ces, for the establishment of which, he caused to
he presented to such agents, a sample of the de-
mocratic model of the political constitution recom-
mended for their adoption, under the persuasion
and seducive suggestion, that the president himself
had \vritten the aforesaid model, in consequence of
hi* great philanthropy, and in order to ameliorate
t'he lut of the sons of Spanish America.
and democratic agents were sent io
interests of the Spanish monarchy.
The means and resources which that government
possess, to obtain the accomplishment of thei.-
plans and designs, are certainlv many and novvei-i'j!,
particularly as relates to New Spain, on account of
their proximity to that countrv, and (he establish-
ment and triumph of democracy and ii:j companion
atheism.
Once secured in the immense regions of that pro-
vince, its impious and destructive dominioif cannot
be long retarded in the other provinces ; but as k
sometimes happens, that Divine Providence, in the
spirit of its goodness j.nd beneficence, resolves to
proportion competent means to temper and even to
counteract the great calamities which threaten the
dissolution of societies ; thus it is, in the actual dan-
gerous state of Spanish America, exposed to be
deluged by the venomous lava, of the twin devils,
democracy and a-hcism, that certain resources and
expedients present themselves, which being avail-
ed of by Sp.an, may be conducive to the es.ublish-
ment of an intransitable and insepcrabie barrier for
the defence and preservation of the possessions al-
ready so much threatened.
Louisiana, by the treaty of St. Udefonso, of the
year 1800, was ceded by Spain to France, under
certain conditions, in favor of the queen of Etru.ia;
and under the express stipulation that the said pro*
vircc con-Id not he disposed of to any other power.
22
BILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 9, 1816.
>:-inolron, notwithstanding this s ipuh^ion, ;ii-
ways disposed to violate and treat with contempt the
ir >s. oievnn agreements, sold to president Jeffer
son, in the year 1803, the aforesaid ierritory. Tlie
bti,' .i.uion in 1he treaty of St. lidefonso thus vio-
lated by Napoleon, by his sale of Louisiana, was well
undo 5 o d by Mr. Jefferson.
The president ulso knew, that the purchase of
Louisiana involved in it, the most flagitious fraud
as related to Sp:dn, and likewise the violation of
of
barrier for the defence and protection
t-ie adjoining possession'- of'-he Spanish monarchy.
The transmutation of Louisiana, a destructive
enemy, into Louisi-pa a friend and protector, i.-i a
project, the result of which is easy and practicable,
by means of the erection and establishment of ,hat
territory into a sovereign and independent state,
gu :r meed as such by the united powers of Spain,
E--gi ,nd, Russia and Sweden.
But in order to give to this project the necessary
the poli' ical constitution of his own country Since '• and adequate force, of thus placing intransitable
then, it is evident, that the government of America ) and inexpugnable limits to form an insuperable
lias only the mere possession of Louisiana, .stript of | counterpoise to the intrusive attempts of the Ame-
every species of legitimacy, whilst the right of pro- jrican government, not less ambitious for an exten-
per y of said territory belongs to ihe Spanish monar-ision of its dominions than ancient Rome, «r modern
chy; i h::s been thus declared and is still declared France, the Floridas, and tlie territory between
by the citizens of the United States, most distin- Louisiana and the Rio Grande, already in the pos-
session of the aforesaid renegudoes, might be of the
greatest utility, by incorporating them into the new
sovereignty, in case the Spanish government should
think proper to cede them for the purpose pointed
out and under the aforementioned guarantee.
A new government, thus composed of said terri-
tories, united and organized on the principles of a
modern monarchy, and protected by the specified
guarantee, would, like Hercules in his infancy, stran-
gle the serpent of democratic usurpation, and re-
strain with the most perfect efficiency in its future
attempts and enterprizes in the southern regions of
Spanish America."
citizens of the United States, most distin-
guished for their talents and virtues.
From mv residence more than three years inLou-
isKma <ifter the cession to the American govern-
ment, in the practice of the law, as a counsellor of
jurisprudence, and also in a military command, I
hud the ver^ best means of collecting the most ex-i
act information, of every circumstance relative to
the country, and of the opinions of its inhabitants,
with respect to its incorporation with the United
Si;-, os: and, in all truth, I am authorised, by my
knowledge thus acquired, and by my subsequent
correspondence with certain individuals of the great-
est influence in that country, to prove, and declare,
and make evident, that there is no important project
5n the world of so easy an accomplishment, as that
of t!i e separation of Louisiana from said states. The
pi" ripa't motives wiiici. dispose the people of that
country to the aforesaid separation may be reduced
to the following —
Fir?t — Tlie continual display of the vulgarities
and excesses of unrestrained democracy.
Secondly — The scandalous degradation of the an-
cit-ni religion of the country; the catholic, apostolic
and Roman church being subjected to the dominion
of the civil tribunals, which may always be presid-
ed it; by Jews and heretics the most violent and in-
veterate.
Thirdly — The prohibition of the introduction of
slaves for the cultivation of sugar, cotton, indigo
and tobacco, the cultivation of which will have to
l)e abandoned, unless the introduction of slaves is
permitted — but these productions, already so dimi-
nished in their quantity, are reduced in their value
to the extremest and most ruinous cheapness on ac-
count of tlie impossibility of the least exportation,
\\\ .-..i sequence of the continual blockade of the
Mississippi by the English squadron. From these
united cau.'.es of disgust and discontent, proceeds
the most ardent desire of the people of Louisiana,
to separate and divorce themselves from their in-
cestuous connection with the democratic govern-
ment, ^'.id-religious and anti-commercial, and in
whose embraces they have been forced and violated
by means of the machinations and intrigues of
Messrs. Bonaparte and Jefferson.
Since, then, it is true that the United States have
Only the mere possession of Louisiana, stript of all
justice and legitimacy; and this territory thus frau-
"duk'iitiy and deceitfully acquired, the said govern-
ment make use of as the focal point or focus, from
which the officers and renegado soldiery of usurpa-
tion and disorganization meet to digest and mature
their flagitious plans; ii is clearly proved that both
moral rights and sound policy, on the part of the
Spanish government, unite in favor of the project
of converting Louisiana, from the actual state, so
prejudicial and injurious, into an intransitable and
Roads and Canals.
In Senate, Tuesday, Feb. 6.
The committee appointed on so much of the presi-
dent's message, as relates to roads and canals
REPORT :—
That a view of the extent of territory, the num.
her and magnitude of navigable lakes, rivers and
bays ;,the variety of climate, and consequent diver-
sity of productions embraced by the United States,
cannot fail to impose the conviction, that a capacity
exists in this country to maintain an extensive in-
ternal commerce. The variety of productions pe-
culiar to tlie several parts, invites to the prosecution
of a commerce of the most interesting* kind. A
commerce internal, subject solely to the regulations
of the country, not dependent on, or materially af-
fected by the vicissitudes of foreign competition, or
collisions ; the profits on which will rest in the
country, and make an addition to the wealth of the
nation. Such a commerce will, in its natural ten-
dency, create interests and feelings, consonant
with the great interests of the community. Any
practicable scheme, therefore, for the improve*
ments of roads and inland navigation, having for its
object the encouragement and extension of acorn-
merce so beneficial, has strong claims to the atten-
tion and aid of a government, constituted to pro-
mote the general welfare.
Such improvements, executed on an extensive
scale, would unquestionably contribute to the gene-
ral interest, and increase of wealth in the nation; —
for whatever tends to accelerate the progress of
industry, in its various and particular branches, or
to remove the obstacles to iis full exertion, must,
in the result, produce that effect. The contem-
plated improvement in roads and canals, by extend-
ing the communication for commercial and person-
al intercourse, to the interior and distant parts of
the union, woidd bestow common benefits, and give
an enlarged faculty to the great branches of na-
tional industry, whether agricultural, commercial
or manufacturing,
MILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— UOADS AND CANALS.
23
The agricultural products, which at present from .means, such provision and means should be left to
inconvenient distance, their weight, or bulk, are UM- hemselves.
portab'e, could then be carried to a distant market;
the reduction on the charge for price; and a ready
in.-. -ket, and increased price, enhance the value of
the lands, from which the products were drawn.
The pccneral commerce of the country would
thereby receive A proportional adv!<n'..ge from the
inc-'e.ise of the quantity of articles for exportation,
the f:-r-v.iiy and extension to the vending of impor1-
ed commodities, as also from a more general con-
sir.i;p\ioM, arising- fiom an increased r»biiity in the
community to purchase such commodities To ma-
nuf;c e.-s, a reduction on the charge for trans-
po :/in of raw material and wrought commodity,
w ) i be highly beneficial. The beneficial effects
on individual interests, and the general wealth in
society, arising1 from a system of cheap conveyance,
by i.r'im-; .! roads .tnd'canals, does not rest on spe-
culative opinion, or abstract reasoning's for confir-
ms ion; ait doubts, as to the advantages, have been
removed by the test of experience in every coun-
tn v; ere such improvements have been executed
on a loerai scale.
To insure to the pursuits of useful industry in a
nation, a state of the greatest prosperity, it is* only
necessary to p-oteci their interests from foreign ag-
gression, to leave them unrestrained by artificial
provisions, and to remove, or meliorate, the natural
"obstaciesfto their exei-ion, by public works, render-
ing conveyance practicable and cheap.
Such pub ;ic works, while they are calculated to
subserve the pecuniary interests of every industri-
ous class of ihe community, are highly important
in ,1 political point of view. The citizens, in the
most remote parts, would be brought into close
connexion by a facility to commercial and person-
al in: ercourse. The common interests and identi-
ty of feelings thence arising, would us a cement to
the parts, bind \ogeihtT\re whole with ihe strong-
of interest and affection, giving stability and
perpet.iiiy to the union. And ;»s a means of secu-
rity, i .end to increase our capacity for resistance to
foreign aggression, by rendering less expensive and
mco effective, our military operations. The dis-
adva;'^geb experienced, and heavy charges incur-
red, during ihe late u-ar, for want of inland navi
gation aiov.g the se«i,coast, connecting the grea
points of defence, are of too recent date, and de-
cisive a character, to require any other demonstra-
tion that a facility in inland communication, consti-
tutes a, principal means of national defence.
It is believed thai improvements so important to
the political and general interests of society, stand
strongly recommended to the attention of the na
tionni legislature. The general government alone,
possess the means and resources to give a direc-
tion to works calculated for general advantage, and
to insure their complete execution.
The particular objects of this kind, to which th<
public aid should be given, the means to be em
ployed, and the mode of applying the public mo
nies, remains to be considered.
The objects are, such artificial roads and can all
as are practicable of execution, and which promise
a general or extensive advantage to the ccmmuni
ty; others, of minor importance, that are local ii
their nattire, and will produce only local benefit.'
will more pi-operly be left for execution, to th
means and enterprize of individuals, or to the ex
ertions of particular states. It is, indeed a politi
cal maxim, well attested by experience, that where
ver private interests are competent to the provi
sion and application of their own instruments ant
The great works which are calculated for nation-
1 advantage, either in a military or commercial
lew, their execution must depend (at. least for aid)
n the general government. Wherever great obsta-
les are to be overcome, great power and means
must be employed. To such works the means of
individuals are incompetent, and the par-
icular states may not have a sufficient interest in
he execution of works of tiie most essential advan-
uge to other parts of the community. In o her
•-ases, where interest might be sufficiently opera-
ive, the means or the power, may not he possess-
ed, their territorial jurisdiction being limited short
>f the whole extent of the work.
Among1 many other objects of improvement in in-
[•_nd navigation and roads, coming within the above
escriptibn,* the following appears to be recom-
lended by their importance to the attention of con-
gress: 1st. Canals opening an inland navigation
ilong the Atlantic sea-coast. 2d. A great turnpike
•oad from north to south. 3d. Turnpike roads
brming communications between the Atlantic and
western rivers. 4th. Military roads communicating
vith the frontier posts; and, 5th. A canal around
he falls of Ohio, or opening the bed of the river
at that place.
The present state of the national finances, and
he effect which engaging in many expensive works
at the same time, would produce, in raising the
M'ice of labor, seems to point out the policy of ap-
)lying the public means to one, or only a few of
hese objects, in the first instance.
The difficulty and delicacy of selecting a parti-
cular object from among many others of acknow-
ledged importance and great interest, is sensibly
"elt. In making the decision, general interests
must be kept in view, and be held superior to lo-
cal considerations. It appears proper that when the
government authorize the expenditure andappli;
cation of public monies, to one of these objects,
they should at the f»ame time adopt a system, cal-
culated to insure, in due time, the execution of
other works, requiring their aid.
Af.er due consideration, and that examination
wich the committee have been able to give to the
subject, they respectf.illy recommend to the consi-
leration of congress, "TheChesapeake and Delaware
Canai," being in their opinion of the first impor-
tance, and requiring the aid of the general govern-
nent. It forms the central link in that great chain
of inland navigation along the sea coast, proposed
to be opened. It is believed, from the best evi-
dence, to be practicable of execution, and of it-
self, unconnected with other improvements, will
ifford the most extensive advantages. On this the
committee will make a special report.
Of the different modes which might be devised
of applying public monies to objects of internal
improvements, that of authorizing subscriptions for
a limited number of shares of the stock of compa-
nies incorporated for the purpose, appears, on eve-
ry consideration, to be the most eligible. By 1U
miting the number of shares to be subscribed, "to a
third, oi* less' than one half, of the whole stock,
there is more security that the government yhall
not become engaged in impracticable projects for
improvements, and also for the. economical expen-
diture of the funds, than would be, on the plan of a
direct application, by government, of the public
monies.
The committee, in order to ascertain what funds
may be made app li cable to the objects of internal
24 KILLS' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 9, 1816.
improvement, with due regard to the state of th
finances, and demands on the treasury, requested
information from the treasury department. The in-
formation obtained, accompanies this report. It
will be observed that the surplus revenue applica-
ble to these objects, is hypothetical!)' stated in the
secretary's letter, as necessarily it must be, in the
present state of the revenue laws.
It appears, however, under any contemplated
change in the existing1 system, that the revenue
wouid be sufficient to supply, after the present
year, nd during' a state of peace, an annual appro-
priation of 600,000 dollars for the purpose of in-
ternal improvement. That sum would constitute a
fund capable of effecting many valuable objects of
that kind; and, under prosperous circumstances,
the fund might be gradually augmented in the pro-
portion of the decrease of the public debt. But, if
it shall enter into the policy of government to au-
thorize expenditures in the execution of the works
calculated for public advantage and general con
venience, the same policy will direct to the provi-
sion of the means. For it cannot be doubted that
the resources of the nation are amply sufficient,
when brought in aid of private means, to effect eve-
ry object of improvement on roads and canals, that
are of an extensive nature, and of national concern
The committee respectfully propose that an an-
nual appropriation he made to constitute a fund for
making roads and opening canals; that the fund
shall be put under the direction of the secretary or
the treasury, who shall, whenever authorized by
congress, subscribe for shares in the stock of com-
panies incorporated for making artificial roads or
opening canais; and shall pay out of the aforesaid
fund tke instalments as they become due on sucl
shares: and tlu-.t any dividend, thence arising, wliei
any work shall be completed, shall be paid into,
and become a partcf said fund, and the secretary
shall report, at each session, to congress, all expen-
ditures, and the general state of the fund, as well .is
the state of the works in which the government
are concerned.
The committee have directed a bill to be report
ed embracing t lie above provisions.
, Treasury Depart -nt-nt. Jan. 20th, 1816.
SIR — In your letter of 27th ultimo, information in
Requested upon lie i\vo following pom tsj 1*;. In
case the revenue laws should be modified according
to the plan proposed by the secretary of the trea-
sury, whether the surplus revenue arising from pe;
manent sources would authorize a standing- appro-
priation of monies, annually applicable to the con-
struction of roads and canals, and to what amount.
2. In case the creation of stock should be author-
jzed, redeemable at a future period, to be employ
ed in the purchase of shares in companies formed
for making roads and opening1 canals, what particu-
lar branches of the existing- revenue would be most
proper to charge; and to what amount, with the
redemption of such stock.
In answer to the first enquiry, I have the honor
to state, that if the revenue were permanently esta-
blished upon the footing- proposed in the report
i'rom this department of the 6ih of December last,
and if the public expenditures should not exceed
the annual surplus of revenue, which might be esti-
mated, during the continuance of the peace, at
ubout four millions of dollars. Whether the facts
assumed by which this result is produced, will ac-
tuaiiy exisi, can only be ascertained when the in-
tentions of congress upon these points shall have
been developed. As to the second enquiry, it
Hiav be observed, that there are no branches of the
exi>tin<; revenue which are not already pledged.,
ei her specially, or in a ircneral manner, for expen-
ditures already authorized, excepting certain du-
ties which win expire on the 17th February next —
and which, if con imi^d by congress after that time,
will probably be substituted in lieu of other duties
which are now pledged, ar.d which will be dir. in-
ished or entirely abolished. If stock should be is-
sued under any modifications, for the purposes of
internal improvements, there is therefore no branch
of the revenue which could be exclusively ch..rg-
ed with its redemption, without violating prior ap-
propriations and pledges. Rut as the aggregate
mass of the revenue is estimated, after the year
1816, to exceed -.he zggregate amount of the charg-
es upon it, this surplus, if congress should think
p.-oper, might be applied either directly to the de-
f.v/mjr of the cxpences of internal improvements,
or, if stock should be issued, as a fund for ^ its re-
len.ption, No necessity is perceived for issuing
stock for this purpose, unless it shall be determined
to commence the expenditures before the termina-
tion of the present year; during winch year there
1 be no surplus of revenue. After its expira-
tion, when there shall be a surplus, there can be
10 reason for constituting stock, or, in other wordea
'or borrowing- money. The money in hand deiived
from the surplus revenue, cun be applied directly
to the puroose proposed. I have the honor to be, ?>-,c
A. J. DALLAS. '
Interesting Correspondence.
LETT. F. I ROM 3! ENJA71TX AUSTIN, ESQ.. TO TUB BOX.,
THOMAS JEFFEHSON.
Bovtvn, December 9, 1815.
S^ — Since the return of gen. , from
his visii to Monli'celio, lam highly gratified in hear-
ing that you enjoy your iiei,lih, and that you are so
happily siiuated in your domestic retirement.
Dui'ing the convulsions in Europe, and the events
which have taken place in our c.nmtry.^i person of
y.mr '.xcurate observation must have experienced
the most anxious solicitude, for the result of these
important controversies, As to France, we are all
disappointed in the termination of a revolution which
p.omised a relief from the tyranny of establishments,
which have been inconsiderately advocated in the
federal papers as "legitimate." But the "ways of
Heaven are da. k i-.nd intricate," and we are obliged
to submit to the decrees of Providence, however
contr.iry'to what we may think, are productive to-
the general happiness of mankind. As France has.
fallen by an alliance of foreign despots, America
must expect to rise by a UNION of freemen, acting
in their constitutional capacity. The destiny of
France should be a lesson of admonition to the
United States.
It must afford you the highest consolation to find,
that the honor and glory of our republic have been
promoted by the very means which our enemies had
predicted \vou Id be ruinous and destructive. No-
ting but the interposition of Providence could
lave produced so much good, from what was con-
sidered by some as productive of so much evil.
The United States, were forced into a controversy in
lefence of their marine rights, which if they had
f'.iiled in vindicating would have checked, if not ter-
ninated their future prospects as an independent
lation. At the beginning of the conflict, the pros-
)ect was gloomy and perilous. Repeated disasters
ppallcd the timid in the prosecution, while the dis-
ffected wei-e daily attempting to counteract our
lational efforts, by systematic combination, anditte-
MILES' WEF.KLY REGISTER— AUSjrt!? \\D JRPFERSQN.
25
g-itirnate conventions — Amidst ihc-;e coiiipivcaietl ,
difficulties, we have succeeded in our ".U^KAI^TO
HU.VKN," and every red American niu< fee' < pr'u'.e,
in contemplating, that the energies of an admimstra- j
ti m, bese with such a phalanx of opposition, liavc;
tri. implied, not only over d fo eign en -my, but have:
Jbaffled r;,e wily projecvs of a more dangerous body'
.of in,ernal foes. I would not wish to be censorious,
but tne fact is too evident to be denied. Not that
we consider every nominal federalist was thus in-
imical, but the artful proceeding's of certain leaders
urged many honesl men to adopt those resolutions
which have produced numberless serious evils. —
We can e <sily distinguish between the enticersand
the enticed.
As the present state of our country demands
some extraoi dinary efforts in congress to bring for-
ward ti.ie agricultural andmannfact;uringitii^f&st& of
the United States, I am induced to mention a plea,
often used by the friends of England, that the rjork
shops of Enrrjpe are recommended by ymt, us the most
proper tofuinish articles of manufacture, to the ciii-
zens of >.he United States, by which they infer that
it is your opinion, the ,t VXUFACTURES of this coun
try are not proper objects for congressional pur-
suits. They frequently enlarge on this idea as cor-
responding with your sentiments, and endeavor to
weaken our exertions in thi-> particular, by quoting
you as the advocate of foreign mamffact&rc9t to \ e
exclusion of domestic. Not that these persons li.ive
any friendly motive towards you, but they think it
will answer tiieir purposes, if such sentiments can
be promulgated with an appearance of respect to
your opinion. I am sensible that many of these
persons mean to misrepresent your real intentions,
being convinced that tue latitude they take with
your remarks on manufactures, is far beyond what
you contemplated at tue period they were written.
The purity of your mind could not lead you 10 anti-
cipate the pertklv of foreign nations, which has since
taken place — If you had, it is impossible that you
would have discouraged ihe man ;fc cures of a na-
tion, whose fields have unce been abundantly cover-
ed with merino siieep, flax ana co ;.on,or depended
on looms at 6000 miles distance, to furnish the citi-
zens with clothing, when their internal resources
were adequate to produce such necessaries by their
domestic industry. You will pardon my remarks,
and excuse my freedom in writing you on this sub-
ject. But it would be an essential service at this
crisis, when the subject of manufactures will come
so powerfully before congress, by petitions from
various establishments, if you would condescend tu
express more minutely, your idea of the "work-shops
of Europe," in the supply of such articles as c.tii
be manufactured among ourselves. An explanation
from you on this subject would greatly contribute
to the advancement of those manufactures, which
have risen during the late war to a respectable state
of maturity and improvement. Domestic manuf <c-
tures is the object contemplated; instead of estab-
lishments under the sole control of capitalists, our
children may be educated under the inspection of
their parents .while the habits of industry may be
duly inculcated.
If the general idea should prevail that you prefer
foreign -work-shops to domestic, the high character
you sustain among die friends of our country, may
5ead them to a discouragement of that enierprize
which is viewed by many as an essential object of
our national independence. I should not have taken
the freedom of suggesting my ideas, but being con
vince i oT your patriotism, and devotedness to the
of your country, have urged me to make the
i'or •. . ions; you?- candor will excuse me
if they are wrong.
I shall be happy in receiving an answer to this
le'ter, for in the present state of polkicat contro-
versy and ir.trigue, the real republicans; must rely-
on our "long -tried pa i; lots,' among whom you
stand pre-eminently ) to guide and direct in the fu-
;ure pursui s of the government — Though retired
Tom public life, yet your private cowr.cil i» essential,
md we must solicit your aid to help tlie administra-
tion to substantiate by wise measures in peace, what
\ve have obtained in war. The patriot is always
called on duty, while the exigencies of' his country
iced his advice, and his exertions are required
to carry Ms principles into operation. We aro
imited but to a few ye ;rs, to discharge our trust
as citizens, and we must become more active
.s the period shortens. Tne re;«l patriot never
sacrificed principles to policy' — Washington, Adams,
K. ncock, Madison and yoi'rself, rose superior to
such a degradation. Tiic old patriot.-, ifnot<rw>/;Awe/«
in conducting the ship, yet they are viewed a:3)
BEACONS, by which, helmsmen may steer to the
aven of safety.
I remain, sir, with sentiments oT the highest
respect, and cordial wishes for your happiness, your
mdeviating- friend, BENJAMIN AUSTIN*.
ffuii. Thomas Jefferson.
MH. JEFFEUSON'S AXSWF.R.
Jlimticello, Jan. 9, 1S16.
DEAR SIR — T acknowledge with' pleasure your
letter of the 9th Dec. last.
Your opinions on the events which have taken
place in France are entirely just, so far as these
events are yet developed. But we have reason to
supp.se, that they have not reached their ultimate
termination. There is still an awful void between
the present, and what is to be, the lunt chapter of that
his'.ory; and I fear it is to be filled with abominations
as frightful, ..s those which have already disgraced
it. That nation is too high minded, has too mucli
innate force, intelligence and elasticity, to remain
quiet under its present compression. Sampson
will arise in his strength, and probably will ere
long burst asunder the cords and the webs of the
Philistines. But what are lo be the scenes of
havoc and horror, and how widely they may spread
between the brethren of one family, our ignorance
of the in erior feuds and antipathies of the coun-
try, places beyond our ken. Whatever may be
the convulsions, we cannot but indulge the pleas-
ing hope they will end in the permanent establish-
ment of a representative government; a government
in which the will of the people will be an effective
ingredient. This important element has taken
root in the European mind, and will have its giowth.
Their rulers sensible of this, are already ottering
Ill's modification of their governments, under the
plausible pretence, that it is a voluntary concession
on their part. — Had Bonaparte used his legitimate
ower honestly for the establishment and support
of a free gevernment, France would now have been
in prosperity and rest, and her example operating
for the benefit of mankind, every nation in Europe
would eventually , have founded a government over
which the will of -the people would have had a
powerful control. His improper conduct, however,
has checked the salutary progress of principle; but
the object is fixed in the eye of nations, and they
will press J.o its accomplishment, and to the general
amelioration of the .condition of man. What a
r^erm have the freemen of the United States, and
how faithfully should they cherish the parent tree
26
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 9, 1816.
at home. Chagrin and mortification su e the punish-
ments our enemies receive.
You tell me I am quoted by those who wish to
continue our dependence on England for manufac-
tures. There was a time when I might have been so
quoted with more candor. But within the thirty
years which have since elapsed, how are circum-
stances changed? We were then in peace — our in-
dependent place among nations was acknowledged.
A commerce which offered the raw materials in ex-
change for the same material, after receiving the
last touch of industry, was worthy the attention of
all nations. It was expected, tha't those especially
to whom manufacturing industry \vas important,
would cherish the friendship of such customers by
every favor, and particularly cultivate their peace
by every act of justice and friendship. Under this
prospect the question seemed legitimate, whether
with such an immensity of unimproved land, court-
ing the hand of husbandry, the industry of agricul-
ture, or that of manufactures, would add most to
the national wealth ? And the doubt on the utility
of American manufactures was entertained on this
consideration chiefly, that to the labor of the hus-
bandman a vast addition is made by the spontane-
ous energies of the earth on which it is employed.
For one grain of wheat committed to the earth, she
renders 20,30, and even 50 fold — Whereas the labor
of the manufacturer falls in most instances vastly
below this profit. Pounds of flax in his hands,
yield but penny weights of lace. This exchange too,
laborious as it might seem, what a field did it pro-
mise for the occupation of the ocean — what a nur-
sery for that class of citizens who were to exercise
and maintain our equal rights on that elament ? —
This was the state of things in 1785, when the
Notes on Virginia were first published; when the
ocean being open to all nations, and their common
rights on it acknowledged and exercised under re-
gulations sanctioned by the assent and usage of all,
it was thought that the doubt might claim some
consideration. But who in 1785, could foresee the
rapid depravity which was to render the close of that
century a disgrace to the history of civilized society?
Who could have imagined that the two most distin-
guished in the rank of nations, for science and civili-
zation, would have suddenly descended from that
honorable eminence, and setting at defiance all
those laws established by the Author of Nature be-
jtween nation and nation, as between man and man,
would cover earth and sea with robberies and pi-
racies, merely because strong enough to do it with
temporal impunity, and that under, this disband-
.ment of nations from social order, we should
have been despoiled of a thousand ships, and have
thousands of our citizens reduced to Algerine sla-
very? And all this has taken place. The British in-
terdicted to our vessels all harbors of the globe;
without having first proceeded to some one of hers,
there paid a tribute proportioned to the cargo, and
obtained a licence to proceed to the port of desti-
nation. The French declared them to be lawful
prize if they had touched at the port, or been vi-
sited by a ship of the enemy's nation. Thus were we
completely excluded from the ocean. Compare
this state of things with that of '85, and say whe-
side of the agriculturalist. Tue forrr.er .yiestion Iff
suppressed, or rather assumes -^ .cv. t'.vn. The
grand enquiry now is, shall -x-e make cur o-u,. fi,m-
forts, or go ivithout them at the -ivil! if a f,rt i-.~n »fi-
tion? He, therefore, who is now against dom< s ic
manufactures, must be for reducing us eitru v o a
ther an opinion founded in the circumstances of
that day, can be fairly applied to those of the pre-
sent. We have experienced what we did not then
believe, that there exists both profligacy and pow-
er enough to exclude us from the field of inter-
change with other nations; that to be independent
dependence on thai
">• be c.jotherl in s-; ins,
and to live like wild beasts in dens and caverns. —
I am proud to say, I AM ,VOT OMK OF THESE.
perience has ta-.ight me that manufactures
Ex-
are
now as necessary to our independence as to our
comfort — and if those who quote me as of a differ,
ent opinion, will keep pace with me i?> purchasing
nothing foreign, where an equivalent of 'lornestic
fabric can be obtained, without r.:-:ir : 'o difiercr.ce
of price, it will not be our fault If we do not have
a supply at home equa.1 to oar demand, and \vr--st
that weapon of distress from the hr-nd which has so
long wantonly wielded it. [f it shall be proposed
to go beyond our own supply, the question of '85
will then recur, viz: Will our surplus labor be then
more beneficially employed in the ciiluire of the
e.irt.h, or in the fabrications of art? We have time
yet for consideration, before that question will
press upon us; and the nuxim to be applied will
depend on the circumstances which shail then ex-
ist. For in so complicated a science as political
economy, no one axiom can be laid down as wise
and expedient for all times and circumstances. —
Inattention to this is what has called for this ex-
planation to answer the cavils of the uncandid, who
use my former opinion only as a stalking-horse to
keep us in eternal vassalage to a foreign and un-
friendly nation.
I salute you with assurances of great respect and
esteem.
TH: JEFFERSON.
Benjamin .Austin, eaq.
Treaty Question.
irj BEXATE. — February 26, 1816.
Mr. Kxwo made the following report :
Th'3 conferees of the senate have met and confer*,
red with those of the house of representatives on
the subject of the disagreeing votes of the two
houses upon the bill entitled, "An net concerning
the convention to regulate commerce between the
territories of the United States and his Britannic
majesty," and report —
That the conferees of the house of representatives
commenced the conference by stating that of the
treaties made in pursuance of the constitution while
some might not, others may require the enacim ent
of laws to carry them into execution; and consider-
ing the convention with England as a treaty of the
latter kind, the conferees of iiie house of represen-
tatives made the following objections to the bill
passed by the senate :
1st. That by the addition of the word "declared"
to the usual formula, instead of a bill of positive
enactment, it assumes the form of a declaratory law.
2d. That the bill is defective, because its com-
mencement is uncertain.
3d. That it is defective, because its duration is
uncertain.
4th. That it is furthermore defective in respect
to the equalization of duties ; it being uncertain
whether, for this purpose, the native duties are to be
raised, or the alien duties abolished.
The conferees of the senate did riot contest, but
admitted the doctrine, that of treaties made in pur-
suance of the constitution, some may not, and others
for the comforts of life we must fabricate them ottr-,may call for legislative provisions to secure their
'selves. We 'must now place the manufacturer by the\ execution, which provision congress, in all such
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— FOREIGN ARTICLES.
27
cases, is bound to make. Bu> the;, di'.l co
that the convention tiiuler consideration ,-e j .ire.-.
no such legislative provisions, bee ;,;je i* does no
in- • •• an suspend th° alk-i, di.s -'-j'ily of British
subjects in commc ••-ciai affairs, in return for the like
st: >pe;ision in favor of American citizens ; that such
maaer of
province of the
not be securely adjusted in any other way, and that! 20th December, which was from 11 to 14 inches
t -,e prince of Orr.nge and .«. Il.is.sian princess is offi-
cially norified-- seme of vhe Briiish prints grumble
much about it. The British >.re reducing- their mi-
litary force. The princess of Wales (wife of the
recent) is said to be returning1 to England, which
creates great ^peculation — she has been v/an-lci inn-
disability falls within the peculiar over Europe like a vagabond, with. out home or couiv-
treaty-power to adjust ; that it can-j try. A SMO.V fell in Lancashire (Eng.) about the
atreui.y duly made, and adjusting- the same, is con-
clusive, and by its own authority suspends or re
moves antecedent laws that are contrary to its pro-
visions.
That even a declaratory law to this effect is mat-
ter or' mere expediency, adding nothing to the effi-
cacy of the treaty, and serving only to remove
douots wherever they exist.
The conferees of the senate therefore insisted on
retaii-ing the word "declared," in addition to the
usual formula of enactment, because it imp srts to
the bill pased by the senate the character of a de-
claratory law; a quality williout. which any law
would, in this case, be inadmissible.
A law that declares to be of no force or effect so
irwc'i of all laws as are contrary to trie provisions
of t.-ie convention, recog-nizes the existence a.icl
authority of that convention ; the date and limita-
tions of which must ascertain the counne'-icement
and duration of the law, white its .stipulations place
the people of the two nations ;>n :>. foot !•.-.£ of com-
me.- oi 1 equality by the abolition of discriminating
duties on both sides.
Tims the bill passed by the senate does not ,.p-
pear to be defective in the particulars referred to
by the conferees of the house of representatives ;
nevertheless, as doubts were expressed on this sub-
ject, the conferees of the
amendments for the purpose ot removm
doniMs, and confirm the intentions and meaning- of | ing" themselves
deep. In consequence of the depre rion of the
Hritish agriculturists, a Mr. Jervoise, M. P. has re-
duced the rents of his tenants tios-nty per cent. The
finds are spoken of as being depressed — stocks,
Dec. 20, consols, shut; reduced 59; 5 per cents 74
34.
Mr. Bagott, the new British minister for the U.
S. was expected at Portsmouth on the 8th of Jan. to
i Hi bark in the Xiger frig-ate.
Marshal Soult and general Vandamme were said
to be at Brussels, seeking an opportunity to come
over to the United States. The duke of Welling-
ton wus daily expected in England.
The French government has announced the per-
fect restoration of order and tranquility at Nismes,
and the full enjoyment of their religious worship*
b\ -he protestants of that place.
Stocks, at London, Jan. 18. Consols 59 to 60 —
Omnium 14 1-2 5-8.
Ti.tre is a good deal said in the French and Eng-
p.ipers abeut the escape of Lavalette, from
Jish
it appears that the French minister of justice
uas an accessory.
Arrests. Gen. Cumbaceres, general Cambronne
(. brought from England), and others of less note.
A part of the Briush troops yet remain at Pans.
There appears an indescribable restlessness in the
nat< proposed certain people, and parties run high. The republicans and
se of removing those! Bonapavtists are said to have formed a union, call-
admirers of the revolution." Paris
the bill. I is fuli of uie former military officers. The police
The conferees of the senate, therefore, recom- is daily on the search for suspected persons; and se-
mend to the senate, to insist on tl:eif disagree ;aei:t j ci-et conspiracies are talked of — perhaps on^y to
to the amendments made to the bill by the ir.oise of
representatives, and to agree to the following
amendments to the bill, which have been mutualh
agreed to by the conferees of the two houses :
Line 2d, after the word "act," strike out the
words "or acts as are," and insert these words, "us
imposes a higher duty of tonnage or of impost on
vessels and articles imported in vessels of Great
Britain than on vessels and articles imported in ves-
sels of the United States.
Line 4. Strike out the word "shall," and after the
word "be," insert these words, "from and after the
date of the-ratification of the said convention, and
during the continuance thereof."
The report was concurred in by the senate, as
already stated.
•
Foreign Articles,
The' duke de Luxemburg is appointed French
ambassador to tiie court of Portugal, in the Bra-
zils. Madame Moreau has armed at Paris. The
archduke Ferdinand, of Austria, is to be viceroy of
Italy. [This is all right enough — but when Bmu-
parte appointed a viceroy!] The French govern-
ment, it appears, has agreed to abolish the slave
trade — Spain and Portugal are now the only Euro-
pean powers that persist in this terrible traffic.—
A collector of French taxes, is said to have nv.de
his escape to the Uniu-d States, through England,
where he negociated his property to the amount of
sterling, A treaty of marriage between
bear out the government in its acts of violence; as
was the case with the "tub-plots," and other plots,
in another country, some years ago.
The Barbarian corsairs have landed on Sardinia
and carried off 244 men, for slaves— they would not
take women and children, as they wished no "use-
less mouths." Their deyships "want men and must
have them." It is a "burning shame" to Europe,
that such things should be permitted. They had
better "seek protection" under the "cock- boats,"
with a "bit of su-iped bunting at the mast-head,'*
that are in the Mediterranean.
Ireland is greatly disturbed. A considerable num-
ber of Briush troops were expected there from
France.
Escape of count Lavallette. The count w-as to have
been executed on the 23d of Dec. at Paris— but his
wife took his place in the dungeon, and he was
smuggled out in her clothes, lie was immediately
missed, but had not been retaken, though great ex-
ertions were made to doit. Madame L. remained
confined, and legitimacy may, perhaps, punish her
for preventing the death Of her. husband!
Sir George Prevost, late governor of Canada, died
in December, of the gout in the stomach. His tri-
al had not commenced.
On the 12th of January, a decree of amnesty was
issued by the king of France, which, among- "other
provisions, banishes from the kingdom all the regi-
cides of Louis XVI, who accepted appointments
under Bonaparte.
Three Englishmen have been arrested at Paris?
28 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, MARCH 9, 1816.
fey the French police, and sent to the Abbey, charg-
ed with beingaccessory to the escape of Lavallette
who, it appears, has cleared himself. The Britis
minister demanded the immediate release of those
persons — he was answered by an explanation of the
part they were supposed to hr'ivc taken in the af
fair, and has written to his court for instructions. —
Lavallette has passed the French frontier; — bu
where will he find safety? He was executed in ciH
gy at Paris.
BOXAPARTE. The ship Hercules, arrived at SA
1 em from Batuvia, stood close into St. Helen;;, Dec
29. Understood that IJonaparte was in good health,
that madame Berlrand was discontented and wish-
ed to return to France. One 74, two fi-igat-es and ;;
brig, kept constantly cruising, and everything wa.-;
Conducted with the greatest precaution. II: is
kept in the interior, and is said to have been invit-
ed to twoparti.es as general Bonaparte, to which he
p lid no attention. Sir Hudson Lowe and his other
jailers, were about to leave England for St. Helena.
London, Dec. 9. It is determined, in order to
make the custody of Bonaparte doubly sure, to
take military possession of the island of Ascension,
which is situated 200 leagues northwest of St. He-
lena. Fourteen transports, laden with timber, bricks
and every description of building materials, will
shortly sail for St. Helena.
[Jlscen&ion— a barren, uninhabited island in the
South Atlantic ocean, 600 miles N. w. of St. Helena.
It haa a safe harbor, at which the East India ships
often touch to procure turtles, which are here plen-
tiful and large, long. 14, 18 w. lat. 7, 40 s We had
expected that the r.n'.ish government had got over
their fears when Bonaparte was safe at St. Helen;.;
but we think the above paragraph strong- presump-
tive evidence to the contrary. — Dem. 2Jress.]
The allied troops, says the Journal de Belgique,
have, according to the nearest calculation, drank in
France about three hundred million bottles of wine.
London, Jan. 15. The French funds continue to
decline They are 60^- — bank actions, 1G424.
The states of Tunis, Tripoli and Algiers, have
all in turn of late insulted the British flag. The
Bank of Kentucky.
The principal bank is at Frankfor, with seven
branche
t Lexington, Russelvilie, Louisville,'
Washington, Pans, Dansville and Bardstown.
The following is a general abstract of the state
of the bank (including all its branches) as recent-
ly exhibited to the legislature:
Capital -
Debts due the bank *
Deposits - r
Nates in circulation, -
Cash on hand, -
1,443,855 10
3,098,10648
1,178,789 91
1,308,129 47
989,347 72
Culture of the Sugar Cane.
Jopy of a letter to a gentleman in Charleston, dated
'W*6w Surctnntih, Tth February, 1816.
"DEAR Sin — In answer to your enquiries respect-
-ng the culture of the Sugarcane, I will briefly slate
the mode pursued here, which we find answers ve-
ry well though we 'nave heard that upon the Mis-
sissippi they plant three times as thick.
"In the first place, beds are made (such as would
je called flat cotton beds) four or five feet ap. rt, a
trench is opened in the middle of the bed three
nches deep, the c.-me is then cut into pieces 14 oi-
ly inches in length, and laid horizontally two feet
ipart in the t;-ench; the eyes are so placed that
lone of them will point downward; tue c<.neis then
o sally covered with earth, say 2 inches deep— one
housand c:ine wiil plant an acre of land in mis
nanner. The time of planting from the 1st of No-
rember to March; the earlier in the season tiie
)c:;.c-r. Cane will grow to advantage in high or
ow ground, which best, not yet determined, but
lay, and such parts as are settled in water, should
e ayoided.
"It does not require as many hoeings in the sea-
on as cotton; therefore, four or five acres to the
and, can be easily cultivated, but from the little
dvancem.ent yet made with us in the facilities of
ringing- in the crop to the mill, it is doubtful if
wo acres to the hand is not more than can be man-
Tunisians have detained a Maltese vessel, and mude
the crew slaves. To this act of injustice agai
the British, they have added insult and contempt
the captain of his majesty's ship Pilot, was recently
treated with the greatest disrespect on shore; ant
on returning on board, was stoned to his boat.
Jan. 16. German papers of some interest reach
us to-dav.
Germany is far from being in a satisfied state, anc:
new revolutions threaten to disturb the continent,
Prussia, in spite of her great military means, the
the
it with
only means now re sorted to by kings xo remove t1
inquietudes of their subjects, appears fraught wi
the ingredients of internal commo'ion.
Pari.i, Jan. 10. A very strange report has been
in circulation for some days in the diplomatic cir-
cles, where it is whispered that the Russian cabi-
net has a project in contemplation for again uniting
Celgium to Fr <ncc, and placing on the throne the
present king of the Netherlands, or his son. It is
said tliit the emperor Alexander has, for a long
time meditated this, and that it is not unconnected
with the marriage of one of his sisters to the prince
of Orange. This notion, although it has been for
.some -u:ne circulated, still appears to gain ground;
the fact is, that there is a general astonishment at
the preparations of the emperor Alexander, who
appears to be making new levies at a moment when
ic might be supposed he would be thinking of dis-
arming as well as the rest of Europe.
aged. About the middle of the summer, the leaves
are stripped a little away up the stalk, which as-
sists its ripening: but that intended for planting
should not be done in this manner, as the leaves
protect the cane from the cold, and the eyes from
being bruised in moving about.
"Good sugar has been made in Georgia as early
as the 9th of October, and as late as the 31st Janu-
ary. The process at the mill and in the boiling-
nouse is easily learnt.
"The material point, that cane is the most pro^
ductive and agreeable crop we cun plant, is now
generally granted, as also that it will bear the
rtorms of our climate better than any thing else.
The experiment mentioned in the papers, was from
cane that was V feet under water (salt or brackish)
•wt fall. From these advantages, I think we have
y.'Ty reason to hope that it will drive the culture
f rice and stagnated waters, at a distaree from
ur towns, at least. I y.m, dear sir, your most obe-
lient servant, See."
To the memory of Washington.
Jtichmond, Feb. 14. Or. Monday last, Mr. Mer-
er moved the following1 interesting resolution in
he house of delegates, which was unanimously
adopted.
Be it resulted, unanimously, by the general assetn-
bl;t, Tlu'.t 1m exceil-'ncy the governor ef Virginia
NILES WEEKLY REGISTER— CONGRESS.
29
be authorized to open a correspondence with the
honorable 'Vishrod Washington, and request him,
in b-half and in the name of the commonwealth, to
per nit the remaias of her beloved son, the late
WASHIVGTOV, to be removed from
the family vault at Mount Vernon, and interred
near the canitol of Virginia, beneath a monument
to be erected at the public expence, and to serve
#s a memorial to future ages, of the love of a grate-
ful people.
That this memorial may be the spontaneous of-
fering of a nation's gratitude, He it further renolvetl,
That", should the honorable Bushrod Washington
comply with the above request, the executive be,
and they »e hereby empowered to appoint, in eve-
ry county, city, borough and to\vn, within the com-
monwealth, three or more commissioners with au-
thority to receive, and pav into the public trersury,
be tendered to-
4th of July next, (to reject it;) which motion was
decided in the negative, as follows:
For postponement
Against it 2^r
.Iftirch 1.— The amendment to the constitution te
regulate the mode of choosing representatives to
congress and electors of president and vice-presi-
dent of the United Spates, was referred to a com-
mittee consisting of Messrs.Varnum, King, Fromen-
tin, Macon and Lacock.
The bill from the house of representatives, for
;.>T mting bounties and extra my to certain Canadian
refugees, was read a third lime and passed.
The senate resume;! ;h
from the other house £.>;• re
consideration of the bill
ducing the direct tax to
three millions, and continuing the same one year.
Mv.Goldsboroitgh moved to recommit the bill with
instructions to report amendments to provide for the
such voluntary donations as may be tendered to- eoiiecuoa of arrearages of the direct tax, now due,
wards defraying the expence, to which the preced- an(^ as to the future, to repeal the bill entirely,
ing resolution may give rise; Provided, that no in- j por tlie motio?i— Messrs. Dajrget, Dana, Goldsbo-
clividual shall be allowed to subscribe thereto, in 'us rougn> Gore, Hunter, King, Macon, Mason, of X. II,
own name, a greater sum than ten dollars. That Thompson, Turner, Varnum, Wells — 12.
the commissioners be instructed to transmit the Against the motion— Messrs. Barry, Bibb, Brown,
list of subscribers, along with the sums collect- Campbell, Chace, Condict, Gaillard, Harper, How-
ed; and that the names of the subscribers, with j e^ Lacock, Mason, of Va. Morrow, Roberts, Rug-
their places of abode, and the sums subscribed, be
fairly 'copied into one or more books to be provided
for that purpose— and the books, together with
suitable records of the age, be deposited in the
least destructible part of the monument.
And he it further resolved, That the executive be
requested to appoint five commissioners to design
the plan, and superintend the structure of the
above monument, with authority also to prescribe
the ceremonial for removing the precious relics of
the deceased, from Mount Vernon to Richmond. —
That the executive be further requested to make
known, by proclamation, the period at which the
procession shall commence from MountVernon, and
to recommend the day appointed for the interment
at Richmond, to be set apart throughout the com-
monwealth, as one of public thanksgiving, adora-
tion and praise to the Supreme Author of all good,
for having graciously bestowed upoaVirginia,a hero
"first in war— first in peace— and first in the hearts
of his countryn.vu."
CONGLU'-SS.
SENATE.
February 24. — The senate resumed the considera-
tion of the resolution submitted some days since by
Sanford, Tait, Taylor, Tichenor, Williams,
Wilson— 20.
So the motion was negatived.
Mr. Roberta moved to amend the bill so as to con-
tinue the tax after the present year until repealed.
For the motion — Messrs. Brown, Cluice, Fromen-
tin, Gaillard. Gore, Harper, Hunter, King, Lacock,
Mason, of N. II. Morrow, Roberts, Sanford, Tait,
Taylor, Tichenor— 16.
Against the motion — Messrs. Barry, Bibb, Camp-
bell,Condict, Daggett, Dana,Goldsborough, IlowelL,
Macon, Mason, of Va. Ruggles, Talbot, Thompsoi?,
Turner, Varnum, Wells, Williams, Wilson — 18.
So the amendment was rejected.
Mr Harper then moved to amend the bill so as to
continue the said tax for five years.
For the motion — Messrs Ch.'ice, Fromentin, Gail-
lard, Harper, Hunter, Lacock, Roberts, Sanford,
Tait, Taylor— 10.
Against the motion— -Messrs. Harry, Bibb, Brown,
Campbell, Condict, D .ggett, Dana, Goldsborough,,
Gore, Howeil, King, M.. con, Mason, of N. M. Mason,
of Va. Morrow, Ruggies, Talbot, Thompson, Tiche-
nor, Turner, Varnum, Weils, Williams, Wilson — 24.
So tiiis amendment was also rejected.
Mr. Wells moved to strike, out the second section
three ytarsf and on the question of engrossing the
resolution for a third reading, it was decided in the
Mr. Bibb, proposing an amendment to the constitu- of the bill (effectually a moiion to repeul the tax)
tion, for reducing the senatorial term of service to — which was negatived, 18 to 16.
The bill was then ordered to a third reading.
March 2 — The bill to reduce the direct tax from
negative, as follows: j six to three millions, and continue the same one
YEAS — Messrs. Bibb, Lacock, Macon, Roberts, year, \\ as read >; third time and passed.
Sanford, Taylor, Turner — 7. F,r t/m bi;!~~. Messrs. Bibb, Lirown, Campbell, Con-
NATS— Messrs. Barry, Brown, Campbell, Chace, j diet, GaiiLa-J, Mowell, Mcico.i, Morrow, Roberts,
Condit, Daggett, D-ma", Fromentin, Gaillard, Golds- j Ruggles, Sanford, Talbot, Tait, Taylor, Turner
borough) Horsey, Howeil, Hunter, King, Mason, of
N. H. Morrow, Ruggles, Talbot, Tait, Thompson,
Tichenor, Varnum, Williams, Wilson— 24.
February 28. — Several bills from the house passed
thro-]gh,the first stages.
The resolution submitted yesterday by Mr. Var-
Wells, Williams, Wilson— 18.
Agnintthe W/A— Messrs. D.^-gett, IXma, Fromen-
tin, Goldsborough, Munter, King, Lacock, Mason,
of N" H. Thompson, Tichenor, Varnum — 11.
The bill from the other house, making appropri-
ations for ordnance and ordnance stores, (amended
Hum, proposing an amendment to the constitution j so as to particularize euch item of the expenditure,
of the United States, to regulate the mode of choos- \ appropriating a specific sum for each) was ordered
ing representatives in congress and electors of pre- j to a third reading — mid was on Tuesday read a third
bident and vice-president, was read the second time. J time and passed.
The bill making appropriations for the construc-
tion of roads and canals, being read the third time,
Mr. Fromentin moved that it be postponed to the
March 5— The day \yas principally occupied ow
the bill relathg to settlers on the lands of the IT.
States.
so
NILES- WEEKLY RF.GIST^R— SATURDAY, MARCH 9, 1816.
March 6 — The bill to appropriate anmu;
dollars as a fund for making artificial roads and cut-
ting canals, was discussed a short time; and t <c -.1,
on motion of Mr. Mason, ofN. 11. postponed to the
first Monday in April next, by a vote 16 to 15.
The bill concerning certain settlers on the public
lands, was again taken up, and, after discussion, or-
dered to be engrossed for a third reading. [Tiie bill
proposes to relieve some of those affected by the
late proclamation of the president for removing in-
truders on the public lands.
HOUSE 01? REPRESENTATIVES.
Friday, March 1.— On motion of Mr. Smith of Md.
Resolwd, That the secretary of war be directed
to lay before this house, an estimate of the dain-.i-.-c
sustained by the vessels sunk in the entrance oftue
port of Baltimore, by order of the commanding
general to prevent the enemy from passing Fort
M'Hcnry.
On motion of Mr. Goldsborough :
Resolved, That the committee appointed to en
qxiire into the state of the several banks in the
.District of Columbia be instructed to enquire inio
the expediency of prohibiting, within the said dis
trict, the circulation of notes issued by any n;-iv<. •. t-
franking1 association, whether existing1 witnin the
district or elsewhere, and of restraining the forma-
tion of such private banking associations in future.
Mr. Randolph moved the subjoined resolution,
the necessity of which, and of providing a remedy
for a practice so heinous und abominable (making
pa> men!-; by increasing the duty on stamps, or to
any o-i-ier manner which may be best calculated to
produce the desired effect.
The house then proceeded to the report of the
committee of the whole, on the bill '
the act i-egulaiing the post-office
in addition to
establishment.
Variou
points came up thai produced a good deal
of discussion. By the bill, the privilege of frank-
ing is iillotvtd to members of congress in its recess.
A motion to preven* the transportation and opening
of the in Mils on Sunday, was debated at length, and
los: ,.; '>!'ows :
YE i S— Messrs. Baylies, Brown. Champion, Comstock, Culpep-
p»-r, Davenport, Hulb.-rt, J'-w.-tt, Kt-ut, LansHon, Law, Lovtt,
Ly; . Ly. , Mac-la^, Marsh, Milnor, NHson, Ms. X-Nmi. V t. \..:.ts,
Pitkin, Re'-d, Rie-, Southard, Su arm, Strong, Sturgea, Taggart. -
alifjiadg.', Vo*e, Ward, Ms. Whiusidc, Wilcox, W Ikin, Wright,
NAYS— M -ssrs. Adgate. Alexander, Archer, Bak>-r, B-.irbour,
iss-it. Batt-inasi. Bitdsail. Blourit Boss, Br.ckr.iiri.ig'-. Brooks,
Buriiside, Ca-ly, "altruin, C^nnoo, Chappell, cilley. Cl»rk- N.C.
Clayton, Cli "deni ., Co:i<!it, Conn, r. Cooper. Cruwfor-J. Cr.-'^l't'iu,
2ui!rl),:-r',,OarlJng'on, D^sha, KJwards, Korn-v, F irsyth. Gaston,
Gi ukiioroiigii,Good\vyi.Grifti,i,Grosv<»nor, Halt- H:ill,H; i, »id,
Haiiso.,Hanliii,Haw/s. Hen<l.-rs.. •>. H. it>- i-, Hopkinsofi. Hir ^-v.
'brd, Ing'ia.n, Jackson. Jo"i ,5:1. i Va. Jo!>,.so:i Ky. K^rr Va. ^,ng,
N. C. Low.id' s Lumpkin, Masosi. Mayratu, M'Coy, M'Kce >i'L^an,
K. M'L a.i.O. Middlrton. Mills. Moore. NVwt./u, Onn hy, i'arrif,
?ick iis. Picii ririg. Pjji-r. Pow- 11. Kai>di>:|ili. R.-yin:i'ls. RobertiOD,
Root. SarsjeuiH, "Savag-, Sc'fn'ck, Shar^ , S1: ,r-\. S'oith Pa.
Smith Md. S.mtliVa. Sra -.tord, Taul, Taylor N. Y." 1 ayl..r S. C.
Teltair, TlKnnas, Throop, Tucker. Wailnc , \VirdN. Y. W.n-d N.
J. Wilde, ^v'illiams, Tho$. Wilson, Woodward, Yancey, Yati-s— 00.
The house then on mouon of M:\ fifcW,for reasons
wiiicii ne seated, agreed to re-consider the amend-
ment which gives to the members of congress the
privilege (5f franking during the recess.
In the debate which ensued on this subject the
this district a depot for tiie slave trade of tiu neigh jprivilege of franking during the recess was advo-
boring staves; and a .nedium for evading the laws! bated by Mr. Randolph, Mr. Wright, Mr. Grosve-
in force, by collusive sales) he impressed by a va-
riety of remarks ; ami concluded by declaring that
.if tiie business was declined by the house, lie would
undertake it himself; and ferret out of their holes
and corners the villains viio carried it on.
After some opposition by Mr. Wright, and sup
port by Mr. Goidsborough, and being varied a; the
suggestion of Mr. Hopkinscn, so as to refer the
subject to a select committee, instead of the com-
.mitteeon the district, the resolution passed, as fol-
lows :
Resolved, That a committee be appointed to en-
quire into the existence of an inhuman and illegal
tratlic in slaves carried on in and through the dis-
trict of Columbia ; and to report whether any, and
what measures are necessary for
the same.
putting a stop to
The house then again resolved itself into a com-
mittee of the whole, Mr. Nelson of Va. in the cliai",
on the national bunk bill — the motion to strikeout
so much of the first section us allows government
to subscribe for severity thousand shares of stock,
being still under consideration.
Mr. Wright opposed, and Messrs. Jewitt and
Ross approbated the mouon, which was lost — 38
to 61. Nothing further decided.
Saturday ,'JlIiirch 2 — Tiie speaker laid before the
house, a letter from the secretary of the treasury,
transmitting a report of additions which have been
made since September kst, to the funded and float-
ing debts of the United States.
'Mr. Wright from tiie committee appointed on
that subject, reported a bill for the payment of the
militia in the case iherein me;iiij;ie;l, (Dudley's
men,) which was twice read and commuted.
O;i mo ion of Mr. Hall,
Jiesolved, That the committee on the national
currency be instructed to enquire into t!«e expedi-
ency of compelling the banks in the, different states,
after the first of November next to resume specie
nor, ;md Mr. Cuipepper, and opposed by Mr. Hall,
Mr. Cornscock, Mr. Pickering. The debate WAS of
a miscellaneous character, desultory but rather in-
teresting'. — Tiie principal argument against grant-
ing the privilege was, that it created, at their nomes
in private
from other
gress — To tnis it was replied ; besides the argu-
ments obviously favoring the amendment, that this
privilege w
of exemp
by law, and which no one would propose to abro-
gate, Sec.
The amendment going to allow this priviieg-e to
members of congress, was at length agreed to by
yeas ;aid nays, 74 to ,62.
\t\er some further discussion, the bill was order-
ed to be engrossed at a late hour ; and the house
adjourned.
life, an odious and unjust distinction
i- cr%tens in favor of members of con-
was not comparable in magnitude to that
iion from milkia service aireadv existing
March 4. — After the presentation and
reference of numerous petitions,
Mr. Johnson of Ky. moved the following resolu-
ion, which, after debate was agreed to, viz:
Resolved, That a committee be ..ppointed to en-
quire into the expediency of changing the present
mode of compensation to the members of congress
into a gross sum for each session; and to report
such other provisions as may have a tendency to
the despatch of public business, and to compel the
punctual a'-.tendance of members of congress dur-
ing the session.
An unimportant amendment made by t'je senate
to the direct tax biu, was taken up and agreed to,
afcer a;, unsuccessful motion to postpone the bill
indefinitely — so that i now wants only the signature
of the pi-esident to become a law
Tiie house then weiu into committee of the whole
on the n.uii :i'd bank bill, and made considerable
progress therein. When arrived at the provision
which gives to the president and senate the power
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— CONGRESS.
31
»f appointing five of the directors, a motion was
made to strikeout that feature; on which a debate
ensued that had not ended when the house adjourned.
T lesday March 5. After a variety of minor bu-
siness, the house went again in committee of the
whole on the bill to establish a national bank — the
question to strike out the provision giving to the
president and senate the power of appointing five
of the directors, being still under consideration.
On this question the debate was resumed and
continued to a late hour, before a decision took
place. The gentlemen who supported the amend-
ment were Messrs. Gaston and Pickering; and those
who opposed it, were Messrs. Wilde, Telfair,
Wright, Clay, Calhoun and Forsyth.
In the course of the day an amendment was adopt-
ed, on morion of Mr. Condit, to confine the selec-
tion of directors to be tnude by the president and
senate, to persons holding stock in the bank.
On motion of Mr.- Smith of Md. an amendment
was u'sc adopted, to prevent more than three of the
ditectors appointed by the president and senate,
from being taken from any one state.
The ma'ui question was at length taken, about
4 o'clock, on Mr. Pitkin's motion to exclude the go-
vern men t fr.^r. the :.ppointment of any of the di-
recto>s, und decided in the negative.
Fo: <e . r.iendment 64
Agair- . 11 79
The connnittee then rose, reported progress, ob
taineu ieuve 10 sit again ; and the house adjourned
Wednesday March 6. Mr. Inghtnn, from the
comrr.iuee on post-office and post -roads, reported
the bill in addition to the act regulating the post-of-
fice establishment, with amendments, amongs
wliichwas a variation of the privilege of franking
during the recess, voted to members of congress
the other day, GO as to make the privilege read
" from the commencement of congress, and until
30 days thereafter."
Mr. Root spoke against the report of the com
mittee, and moved to amend it, so as to restore th<
privilege to its former footing, that is, "during each
session, and for 20 days thereafter."
The question on Mr. Root's motion was decidec
in the negative — yeas 47, nays 53.
The report of the committee was agreed to, anc
the bill was ordered to be engrossed for a thir <
reading.
Mr. Newton, from the committee of commerc
and manufactures, made a report on the memorial
and petitions of the manufacturers of wool; whicl
was read and ordered to lie on the table.
Mr. Johnson, of Kentucky, from the committe'
appointed on that subject, reported a bill to chang
the mode of compensation to the members of con
gress. [Instead of the six dollars per diem, to al
low the gross sum of 1,500 dollars per session t
each member,] which was twice read and committee
After some other business, of no importance t
note at present — The house then again resolved it
self into a committee of the whole, Mr. Nelson o
Va. in the chair, on the bill to incorporate the sub
scribers to the national bank.
Mr. Smith, of Md. moved to amend the 10th sec
tion, so as to allow tlie choice of president of th
bank to be made from any of fee directors, and no
to confine the selection of that officer to one of th
directors appointed by the president and senate
Mr. Smith made a few remarks in justification o
his motion.
Some debate being had — The question was then
taken on Mr. Smith's motion and carried—ayes 80,
nays 46.
After some further amendment, affecting no
rinciple —
Mr. Randolph moved to add the word native in
ie clause which limits the choice of directors to
itizens of the United States ; which motion was
greed to without debate — ayes 68.
After the committee had proceeded to the clause
diich provides for the appointment of directors
or the branch banks, which clause likewise re-
tricted the choice to citizens of theUnitedjStates
Mr. Jewett moved that the word native be insert -
d also in that clause, so as to limit the appoint-
ment to native citizens.
Mr. Calhoim objected to the amendment. It was
he first time, he said, that any attempt had been,
made in this country to discriminate between na-
ive and naturalized citizens. The constitution re-
:ognized no such distinction, except in the eligi-
)ilitv to the highest office in the government, and
le could see no reason for introducing on this oc-
:asion so odious and unprecedented a distinction.
Mr. Randolph, in reply, spoke at considerable
ength in support of the motion. He inveighed
with much acrimony against the whole class of na-
:uralized citizens; attributing to them the ('eclara-
ion of war, and almost all other political evils —
.nd maintaining that they ought to be admitted
only on the footing of denizens, without any parti-
cipation in the councils of the country, and the ben-
efit only of protection during good behavior, &c.
Mr. Wright replied with warmth to Mr. Randolph
after which,
The question wa« taken on Mr. Jewett's motion^
and lost, without a division.
Mr. Smith of Md. then moved to strike out that
oart of the 17th section, which gives the president
of the United States power, during the recess of
congress, on the application of the stockholders,
to authorize the bank to suspend the payment of
specie.
Mr. Calhoun, after admitting the propriety of the
motion, said he had no objection to extend it to the
whole proviso of the section, so as to deprive con-
gress, as well as the president, of the power to sus-
pend specie payments.
Mr. Forsyth opposed this proposition, and Mr.
Randolph supported it; after which
The committee rose, reported progress, and ob-
tained leave to sit again.
The amendments of the senate to the ordnance*
bill were agreed to in committee of the whole.
Thursday, March 7. After some other business,
of little importance —
The house then again resolved itself into a com-
mittee of the whole, Mr. Nelson of Va. in the chair,
on the national bank bill — the motion to strike out
the proviso which gives to congress the power of
authorizing the bank, on application of the stock-
holders, to suspend the payment of specie, being-
still under consideration.
The discussion of this motion was widely debat-
ed by various gentlemen.
The motion to strike out the proviso, was decid-
ed in the affirmative by a large majority.
Some other amendments were made to the bill,
which, with the reasons pro and con, may also bo
detailed.
The committee at length got through the bill,
when it rose, reported progress, and obtained leave
to sit again.
The house then went into committee of the
whole, Mr. Herbert in the chair, on the bill to alter
the compensation allowed to the members of con-
gress.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 6, 1818.
After discussing1 various propositions to amen
l«ie bill, us well as tlie principle itself—
•ose, ivpo.'tcd the bill and amen
jncnts ;o l!v.- h."!^-, \vjjicli were concurred in — ai
Jie In/use adjourned.
Mr. Dexter's Letter.
As the following letter from Mr. Dexter to the com
mitt:'e appointed on behalf of the republicans, o
Massachusetts to ascertain if he would consen
to stand a poll as their candidate for govern o
at the ensuing election, will be frequently re
for; ed to, we give it a place. Mr D. we believe
is at Washington, in consequence of the sessio
tif the supreme court in that city:
Washington, February 5, 1816.
GtNrrru;>ir\, — I have had the honor to receiv
favor of the 25th ult. and should have answer
ed immediately, had not the occasion suggeste
thought* that Deemed to require some considera
tion. Heretofore, I have not been called on in sr
formal a manner for a deliberate assent to being
nominated as governor, nor has there been any pro
babiiity that the choice would f:.ll on me. Wiieth
er there be any prospect of this at the ensuint,
elect bn, I am not in a situation to judge Bu
should lever be thus honored, it. would be my ef-
fort to be ••'rici.ly jus; and impartial; yet it is easy
to see that the utmost scrupulosity in thisrespec'
would not give universal satisfaction to any party
However honest, they will differ in opinion. Foi
the repeated proofs of confidence I have receivec
from the respectable cili/ens, whom you represent
they are entitled to my thanks. I owe to them sin
cerity in return. Permit me, then, to say, it is a
leading principle with me, that the duty whic!
every citizen owes his country, requires that he
should support that administration of civil govern-
ment, which they choose to appoiiv, in all mea-
sures which his unprejudiced understanding does
not shew him to be wrong; and consequently, thai
every combination for general opposition is an of-
fence against the community. At the same time, I
shall ever claim and exercise the right of examin-
ing freely all public measures, and openly express-
ing, with candor and decorum, my dissent from
such as in my judgment may tend to mischief. —
With this explanation, I consent that the gentlemen
whom you represent, should announce me as their
candidate for the oil: .u>r.
J3c pleased to accept mv u.auk.-> for your oblig-
ing expressions cf personal regard, and believe (ii; t
the te.wiinony of my countrymen's approbation is
rendered more valuable by lue merit of the com-
mittee who have presented it.
With great respect, 1 h;.ve the honor to be, gen-
tlemen, your obedient servant,
•UttL DEXTER.
Ai Benjamin Greene, G;>orgi- /i.'u/
Thfjr.ins Kiitiidge, Mark Lung- s Committee.
tlin Hill & Timothy Fuller, esys. j
CHRONICLE.
.Vat tonal Bank. It would appear as if an opin-
ion generally prevailed that a national bank will be
authorised (.luring the present session of congress.,
on principles substantially such as have been pro'
posed. The votes in several questions in fhe i-ousc
of representatives countenance this expectation.
PKiv.v.n;;;us. A Boston paper notices the i -lio\v
ing privateers which sailed during the late war, as
missing: brig Arrow, of 16 guns, sailed from New
York in the fall of 1H14; brig Portsmouth, sailed
from Portsmouth Nov. 2J, ;S14; brig M. rs, sailed
from do. Dec. 3, 1816; brig Dash, left Portland,
Jan. 21, 1815; Cuter Her.., from North Carolina.
j Hunter of Pane. The legislative assembly of
New Brunswick have passed an act laying a duty
of 20 shillings, (N. S." currency) equal" to 4 dollars,
on every ton of plaster exported from the province
to any port or place between Quoddy and Cape
Cod.
J aiv of New-Jersey. A. law has lately been pass-
Jd by the legislature of New Jersey, providing that
he real estate of persons dying intestate shall be
•hvided equally among the heirs, male or female.
JV.us, by degrees, the vile systems derived from yet
feudal Europe, tire frittering away.
CHUBCH AND STATE. One of those silly political
writers, who has done more harm to Massachusetts
than Great Britain with 20,000 men could effect,
'peaking of two citizens of that state, savs "they
ire considered as the SV/ORII an>t the UIHLK— the good
coat of arms of New- England, -which ive reverence
dad rexp.-ct a* the platform of our faith,'1 &c. The
s-it-ord and the bible?" what does this man want but
he power, to have an anto de fc every week?
Berkshire Agricultural Society. The editor has
>een favored with a list of the premiums offered by
his distinguished society of the state of Massa-
•htisetts for the best productions of grain, animals,
nd manufactures, in the present year. They are
iearly 60 in number, for as many different objects;
leaides others to be awarded in 1818 and 1819, for
lungs that require more time to give maturity to.
This institution has done a great deal of good by
"xciting a spirit of emulation, and, we trust, will
ong be gratefully supported by the people. The
present officers are— Thomas Melville, jun. esq. pre-
ident; William C. Jurvis, esq. recording secretary.-
The spirit of improvement is increasing — and, ia
very state of the union, except Maryland, great
xertionsare making to erect bridges, make roads,
ig canals, and bring into operation the natural
dvantages of our count!}. Success to them.
Sailors. It is stated in the Sal em Gazette, that
iat town can number nine.y men, now living, who
ave commanded vessels round the Cape of Good
lope. Within un days four ships belonging to Sa-
em, have returned from places beyond the Cape
f Good Hope, which sailed f.<;m this c uinry
nice the peace, and only one other vessel from any
ort in the United Stages, which sailed within the
une period to ports beyond the Cape, has yet re-
irned.
Prisoners at (.'arihugnna. It is stated that Chris.
>pner Hughes, Jim. i sq. of B.d.iinore, will proceed
o Carthagena, in the U. S. frigate Macedonian.
.pt. W .m.ig.o.i, in a few days, f> the purpose of
iai .i;,g Uie i-i-iease of OUT fellow Citizens UJljUSt-
(iu.u;ed as pu.soneis there by the royalists.
/'/ ashingthiL, ..ilurch 8. WILLIAM PiMotr, o*' Ma-
viand, is appointed by the president ami sen.. L-, to
<> minister plenipotentiary and envoy cx;raordina-
f'-om this goveiiimuit to the court of Russia.
e .iave hoi heard whether he accepts his ap-
onumeni or not.
\Ve have ueavd il said, and believe it to be true,
iui Mr. Pinkney was ,,iso nominated on a special
i.ssiou to Naples, supposed to have for its object
n effort to procure, tVom the present govcinu.ent
f that country, some indemnity for American pro-
ei\_v condei.'iiied in ihat port; but. that the senate,
y a small majority,rQfused to sanction this mission.
w- -UiY
No. 3 MP VOL. X.] BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, MARC" lf>, 1816. [WHOLE wo. 2.17.
Hac (jliin iv.cnuniwc j>i~'nbit.
Pill STUD AN!» JMM)MS!IEJ> HT H. VILE*, XO. 29, SOVTM C AT.VKH'IVSTJIEET, AT 5^5 I'KU V\V« M.
(C7-A MORTIFYING ERROR
Passed, undiscovered, through a part of O'.ir last
Saturday's paper. In the article headed <!\var on
the ocean," the force of the Cyane, as stated by
lieut, Hoffman, was given at twenty 32's, &c. instead
of t<c?ntt/-tiuo 32's, See. hut the amount, as to the
Weight of rnclal, was carried out correc'lv.
As the error occurred in one of that class of ar-
ticles that I especially endeavor to have correct —
and, iitdeed, it occurred strnii^ht, I respectfully en-
treat every sub: Briber to in ike the needful altera-
tion, immediately, with a pen.
%*The Index for the last volume accompanies
this number. The extra, supplement is not yet
finished.
Agricultural.
*i is with great pleasure we give place to the fol-
lowing article. The editor respectfully invites
communications on similar subjects, which shall
always be promptly attended to ; for he will be
happy to make the WEEKI.V RWJISTEU a "focus
to concentrate" the "rays elicited" by " well de-
Vised experiments" of intelligent gentlemen em-
ployed in agriculture. There is no branch of in-
dustry that can become so important to the public
weal, or that ia more susceptible of improvement
Method of destroying Wild Garlic or Wild Ohioti.
Jlfr. J\/"iles — The tumult of war Staving subsided
and the incidents whic'i it furnishes no longer fil
ling- the pages of your useful Register; perhaps you
may find room for some of those sober subjects
\vhich belong to the " dull pursuits of civil i'ite."
The first are certainly more brilliant, but tlie lattei
may be found more useful to the generality of man-
kind.
Agriculture, though it has not wanted panegy-
rists both in prose and poeiry, has not ob aim-d
that aid from philosophy to which its importance
entitles it, and whicn i air: persuaded i is well cal-
culated to repay. Theories indeed are not want-
ing, but they too frequently originate in the closet
and abound with plans of improvement which arc
either impracticable in their nature, erroneous iu
principle or unauap ed to the condition of those to
:i they are recommended. In agriculture i.s
weil as other sciences, nothing can be relied on, bin
the cf-utious, patiem, and persevering efforts of \v e 1
devised experiments, and if your Register shouii
become the focus in which the scauered rays eiici .<
ed by such experiment are concentrated, it m«\
become not less useful to the farmer than it is to
the politician, and while it instructs us how to pi-
serve or amend our poiiucal institutions, it ma\ al.-
teach us the humble, yet not less valuable, art ot
Improving our cornfields.
The present methods of cultivating the earth n<
doubt would admit of many amendutious, but b<
this as it may, it is certain that our present know
ledge would" be abundantly more productive in is
application, if we were acquainted with tlie mean-
»f eradicating the numerous weeds wiiicii infeaom
.{grounds and prey, without any comiueustu'iite re
;irn and often with deleterious influence, upon the
abour of the husbandman. In the foremast ranks
of xhese noxious vegetable?, stands the wild onion
or garlic : so well known under these appellations
;s to render a botanical description unnecessary.
Phis w?fd h», it is said, infested our fields every
veil- since the first settlement of a colony of Swedes
in the state of Delaware, who broaght the seed
there arid sowed it to procure early pasture. It is
generally supposed to be inclisburtable and iu;s "/i .ie-
lv spread itself over Maryland and the acljoi ii' g
st.Hes. My first efforts to destroy this weed af-
f M-ded much matter of anusemeiit to ir.y good Ma-
tured neighbors, one of whom ro I'idly swore, Miat
" if it. were sill burned, it would be re-produced by
the ashes." Nevertheless, 'caving observed with
attention, for some <ime,the occonomy and habi'udes
of tlie phiu', 1 fdl upon the most certain means of
entirely i-x;ir[;.;ti;ig it ; and what is of primary con-
sequence to all improvements in agriculture, the
process is e.-.sy of execution and unattended with
any unrequited expense, even in the first instance.
The process consists, simply, in three successive
fall plowings, winter fallows, and spring crops, ..6
follows : The first fail plowing to be succeeded by
a crop of Indian ecru : after the corn is gathered
the ground to be ploughed and sown with oats the
-i.-ceee-lingsprhg. The common weeds and stub-
ble which are left after the o«ts are gathered to be
carefully plowed down in the fall, and the ground
aj^.i'm so-vn on the succeeding spring with oats avid
ciover seed ; or the clover seed may be reserved
and the ground may be appropriated after the se-
cond oats crop to a wheat or rye crop.
As the garlic is killed in this process, not by the
nature of the crops, but. simply by the \vintc? frwsts,
any other mode of culture which would afford the
same exposure, would probably produce the same
result ; but I have preferred the above method, be-
cause the two first crops are in conformity with the
usual practice, except that the plowings are usual-
ly done in tlie spring' ; although it is generally ad-
mitted that without regard to any other considera-
tion, the crops would be better from fall plowing.
It will probably be objected that two crops of o:,ts
in succession would too much exhaust the land-
but experience is not in conformity with this opm.
ion, 0:1 the contrary if the ordinary weeds winch
..bund.iritly succeed the outs crop be carefully pio'.v-
ed under by the usual help of a he.ivy chain, pio-
perlv fixed to the plow-beam and iwingle-tree,
mey will be found greaily o ameliorate the soil,
and clover seed will take and grow after it surp.is-
ingly.
Although I have recommended a second crop of
OH'S, I am not sure that ihe plan above proposed, is
••fficient, but perhaps it migiit be sufficient t.o plow
,lown the first oat stubble and sow with wheat, and
t lis would diii'-r fV^m the usual mo e of cropiag1
only in time of plowing for the two first crops.
If the insertion of 'his communic. tion should
comport with tlie plan of the Register, we farmery
.nay perlups claim your further indulgi nee.
I am very truly you s,
THOMAS £. JU>NIJ
£ttt/x*tl*—Jlur/«rfl wtntu, Mu, t/i /
G
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 1816.
Jefferson on Education.
/'row the liiclnr.ond llntjiii; cr.
The friends of learning in the general assembly,
arc respectfully presented with an opportunity of
perusing the following most able and valuable let-
ter OM the subject of education, proceeding from
:cn of Mr. Jefferson. It presents in a com-
Aanaing light the great objects in the view of those
citizens^ who have sought the establishment of a
seminary of learning' in the county of Albemarle,
imr.er the denomination of the Central College.
V/ould not the general assembly consult the best
interests of the people, in giving efficient support
to plans of public instruction so liberal and ex-
panded, by an immediate appropriation to that
object of a" portion of the debt due to this state
from ihe United States ?
MO^TICELLO, Sept. ~th, 1814.
Peter Cars', president of the board of trustees.
DF.AR Sni, — On the subject of the academy or col-
lege proposed to be established in our neighborhood
1 promised the trustees that I would prepare for
them a plan, adapted, in the first instance, to our
citizen in it should receive an education proportion
ed to the condition and pursuits of his life. The
of our citizens may be divided into two class-
es, the laboring and the learned. The laboring
will need the h'rst grade of education to qualify
them for their pursuits and duties : the learned
A-ill need it as a foundation for further acquire-
ments. A plan was formerly proposed to the le-
j.-.i ., hit ure of tli is state for laying oil' every county
into hundreds or wards of five or six miles square,
ivithin each of which should be a school, for the
education of the children of the ward, wherein
they should receive three years instruction gratis,
in reading, writing and arithmetic, as far as frac-
tions, the roots and ratios, and geography. The le-
gislature atone time tried an ineffectual expedient
for introducing this plan, which having- f-.iiei!, it is
hoped they will some day resume it in a more pro-
mising form.
II. GENERAL SCHOOLS.
At the discharge of the pupils from the elemen-
tary schools, the two daises separate ; tbohe des-
tined for labor will engage in the business of agri-
culture, or enter into apprenticeships to such han-
't susceptible of being enlarged j c|;cnift avt as may be their choice; iheir compa-
either by their own growth, or by accession from nions destined to the pursuits of science, will pro-
other quarters. I have long entertained the hope
that this our native si ate, would take up the sub-
ject of education, and make an establishment,
citl-er with or without incorporation, into that of
William arid Murv, where every biv.nch of the sci-
ence deemed useful at this day, should be taught
in its highest degree. With this view, I have lost
no occasion of making myself acquainted with
the organization of the best seminaries in other
countries, and with the opinions of the most en-
lightened individuals on the subject of the scien-
ces, worthy of a place in such an institution. In
order to prepare what I had promised our trustees,
• lately revised these several plans with at-
tention, and' 1 am struck with the diversity of ar-
v able in them, no two being alike.
Yet I have no doubt that these several arrangements
have been thf- subject of mature reflection, by wise
and learned men, who, contemplating local cjrcum
ceed to the college, which will consist 1st. of gene-
al schools, and 2d of professional schools. The
general schools will constitute the %& grade of edu-
cation.
The learned class may still be subdivided into
two sections : 1. Those who are destined for learn.
ed professions, as a means of livelihood ; and 2. The
wealthy, who, possessing independent fortunes,
may aspire to share in conducting the affairs of the
nation, or to live with usefulness and respect in the
private ranks of lite.' Both of these sections will
require instruction in all the higher branches of
science, the wealthy to qualify them for either pub-
lic or private life ; the professional section will neKl
those branches, especially, which are the basis of
their future profession, and a general knowledge of
the others, as auxiliary to that, and necessary to
their standing, and associating with the sciemific
class. All the branches then of useful science
stances, have adapted tneni to the condition of the ; ought to be taught in the general schools, to a coin-
section of the society for which they have been
framed. I am strengthened in this conclusion by
an examination of each separately, and a conviction
that no one of them, if adopted without change,
Would be suited to the circumstances and pursuits
of our country. The example they have net, then,
is authority for us to select from their different in-
stitutions the materials which are good fur -us, and
with them to erect a structure, whose arrangement
shall correspond with our own social condition,
and shall admit of enlargement in proportion to
the encouragement it may merit and receive. As I
may not be able to attend the meetings of the
trustees, I will make you the depository of my
ideas on the subject, which may be corrected as
you proceed, by the better viev\ .-: of others, and
adapted from time to time, to the prospects which
open upon us, and which cannot now be specifically
seen and provided for.
In the first place, we must r.scertcun with preci-
sion the object of our institii'J-vi, by taking a sur-
vey of the general field of science, and marking
out the portion we mean to occupy at first, and tht
ultimate extension of our views beyond that, should
we be enabled to render it in the end, as compre-
hensive as we couid wish,
I. ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS.
It is highly interesting to our country, and it is
tT\e tUjty o£ its functionaries, to provide that everv
petent extent in the first instance. These sciences
maybe arranged into three departments, not rigor-
ously scientific indeed, but sufficiently so for our
purpose. These are,
/. Language. II. Mathematics. Ill Philosophy.
I. Language. In the first department, I would
arrange as distinct sciences, 1. languages and his-
tory, ancient and modern : 2. grammar : 3. belles
1 cures : 4. rhetoric and oratory : 5. a school for the
deaf, dumb and blind : History is here associated
with languages, not as a kindred subject, but on a
principle of economy, because both may be attain-
ed by the same course of reading, if books are se-
lected with that. view.
II. Mathematics. In the department of mathema-
tics, ~
2.p
, I should place distinctly, 1. mathematics pure:
i si. o-mathemaucs : 3. physics : 4. chemistry: 5.
•'.-
to wit, :<:inei-aiogy : 6.
:.nd
.-gy: 8. anatomy : 9 the heoiy of medicine..
III. Philosophy. In the philosophical department,
I should . distinguish, 1. ideology : 2. ethics : 3. the
la\v of natu, e and nations : 4. government : 5. politi-
cal economy.
Hut some of these terms being used by different
writers, in different degrees of t-xter^ir-n, 1 \\ill de-
fine exactly what 1 mean to comprehend in each of
them.
1. 3. Within the term of belles lettres, I i.iclude
poetw and composition generally, ud cvuiciain-
NILBS' WEEKLY REGISTER— JEFFERSON ON EDUCATION.
35
H. 1. 1 consider pure mathematics us the sc:
fef 1. numbers, and 2. measure in the abstract : thai
<bf numbers comprehending arithfnetifc, alg'ebra and
fluxions: that of measure, (under the general ap-
pellation of geometry,) comprehending trigonome-
try, plane and spherical, conic sections, and tran-
scendental curves.
II. 2 Physiitf-rtiatliemqtics treat of physical sub-
jects by the aid of mathematical calculation. These
are mechanics, r.tjtics, hydrostatics, hydraulics, hy-
drodynamics, navigation, astronomy, geography, op-
tics, pneumatics, acoustics.
II. 3. P/a/sics or natural philosophy, (not entering
the limiis of cliemistry,) treat of natural substan-
ces, their properties, mutaal relations, and action.
They particularly examine the subjects of motion,
attraction, magnetise, electricity, galvanism, light,
meteorology, with an &.c. not easily 'enumerated.
T:K-JC definitions and specifications render immate-
ri.ii theq'ics i-n whether I use the generic terms in
the exact degree of comprehension in which others
use them : to he understood is all that is necessary
to the present object
iU. "KOKKSSIONAL SCHOOLS.
At the close of this course, the students sepa-j
ratr, the wealthy retiring, with a sufficient stock of! particularly in view —
The school of Technical Philosophy will differ
i;dly in its functions from the "other profes-
sional schools. The others are instituted to rami-
fy and dilate the particular sciences taught in the
2d grade on a general scale only. The technical
school is to abridge those which were taught there
too much in extenso for the limited wants of the
artificer or practical man. These artificers must
be grouped together, according to the particular
branch of 'science in which they need elementary
and practical instruction, and a special lecture, or
lectures, should be prepared for each group — -nd
these lectures should be given ir. the evening', so
as not to interrupt the labors of the day. This
school, particularly, should be maintained wholly at
the public expence, on the same principles with that
of the Ward schools. Through the whole of the
collegiate course, at the hours of recreation on cer-
tain days, all the students should be taught ihe ma-
nual exercise, military evolutions and manoeuvres;
should be under a standing organization as a mili-
tary corpt:, and with proper officers to traiu and
command them.
A tabular statement of this distribution of the
sciences will place the system of instruction more.
kno vledge, to improve themselves to any degree to
iy. id) Their views may lead them, and the profes-
si<><! il section to ;he professional school.-:, coa.stitutiiig
the Hid grade of education, and teaching tiie par-
ticular sciences which the individuals of this sec-
tion mean to pursue, with more minuteness and detail
than .vas within the scope of the general schools for
the second grade of instruction. In these professional
schools, eacli science is to be taught in the highest
degree if has yet attained: They are to be in the
1st Department, the fine arts, te wit, civil architec-
ture, gardening, pain .ing, sculpture, and the theo-
ry of music. In the
2d Department, architecture, military and naval
projectiles, rural economy, (comprehending agri-
culture, horticulture, and veterinary.) technical
philosophy, the practice of medicine, materia mc-
dica, pharmacy and surgery. Is the
3d Department, theology and ecclesiastical histo-
ry, law, municipal and foreign.
To these professional schools will come those
who separated at the close of their 1st Elementary
course, to wit:
The lawyer to the school of Law.
The ecclesiastic to that of Theology and Ec-
clesiastical History.
The physician to those of the Practice of Me-
dicine, Materia Meclica, Pharmacy and Sur-
gery.
The military man to that of Military and Naval
Architecture and Projectiles.
The Agrie.ultor to that of Rural Economy.
The gentleman, the architect, the pleasure gar-
dener, painter and musician, to the school of
Fine Arts.
And to that of Technical Philosophy will come the
mariner, carpenter, ship-wright, plough-Wright,
wheel-Wright, ^mill-wright, pump-maker, clock-
maker, machinist, optician, metallurgist, founder,
cutler, druggist, brewer, vintner, distiller, dyer,
painter, bleacher, soap-maker, tanner, powder- ma-
salt-maker, glass-maker, to learn as much
rts understand-
mechanics, sta-
shall be necessary to pursue their art.1
ingly, of the sciences of geometry, m< ,
tics, hydrostatics, hydraulics, hydrodynamics, navi-
gation, astronomy, geography, optics", pneumatics,
acoustics, physics, chemistry, natural history, bo-
Unv, mineralogy and pharmacy.
1st. or Elementary grade in the Ward schools.
Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Geography.
II. or (Jen?ral Grade.
1. Language and History, ancient and modern.)
2. Mathematics, viz:
Mathematics, pure.
Physico- Mathematics,
Physics
Chemistry.
Anatomy.
Theory of Medicir.e,.
Zoology.
Jio.aay.
Mineralogy.
3. Philosophy, viz;
Ideology.
Ethics,
Law of Mature and Nations.
Government.
Political Economy.
III. or Prtftjsionnl Grade.
Theology and Ecclesiastical History.
Law, Municipal and Foreign.
Practice of Medicine.
Materia-Medica and Pharmacy *
Surgery.
Architecture, Military and Naval, and ProjeO
tiles.
Tcchnic.d Philosophy.
Rural Economy.
Fine Arts.
Ou this survey of tue field of science, I recur to
the question, what portion of it do we mark out for
the occupation of our institution? With the 1st
Grade of education we shall have nothing to do. —
The sciences of the 2d. Grade are our first, object
— and to adapt them to our slender begmnings, we
must separate them ink) groups, comprehending
many sciences each, and greatly more in the first in-
stance, than onght to be imposed on, or can be ccwrt-
petently condaclcd by a. single professor permanent.-'
ly. They ivi'.'.st be subdivided from time totiir.e, as.
our means increase, until each [irofossor .shall have
no more under his care than he can attend to with
advantage to his pupils and easeio himself. In the
further 'advance of our resources, the professional,
schools must be introduced, arid prutesiiorship^
established for them r.lso. For the present, J;t ,
36 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 1816
may group the sciences into professorships as fol-
lows—subject, however,, to be changed according
to the qualifications of the persons we may be able
to engage.
IV.
Professorship.
Philosophy.
I.
Professorship.
II
Professorship,
lit.
Professorship.
History (one>&.
mod'uO B- lies-
I- ln-e-, Kiieto-
lie and Oratory
pun
I'hysioo Math-
'•mattes
Physics
A i into my
M.-tliciue The-
ory
Zoology
Botany
Mimralogy
The organization of the branch of the institution
Which re.sp.c'8 its government, police and econo-
mv, d^pendi".*; on principles which have no affinity
\vi h those of V.s instructions, may be the subject of
separate and subsequent, consideration.
With this tribute of duly to the board of trustees,
act-rot the assurance of my great esteem find con-
sideration. TH: JEFFERSON.
Additions to the Funded Debt.
Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, trans-
mitting- a statement of the additions which have-
been made to the funded public debt, and to
the floating public debt, since the 30th Decem-
ber last.
Treasury Department, Feb. 28, 1816.
SIR — I have the honor to transmit a report, pre-
pared in obedience to the resolution of the house
of representatives of the 12th inst.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your
obedient servant, A.J.DALLAS.
The linn, the Speaker of the hunse
of representatives.
In obedience to the resolution of the 12lh of
.February, Ioi6, "inquiring what additions, if any,
have been made to the funded public debt, and to
the floating public debt, slice \.!>e 3 Ah day of Sep-
tember last," the secretary of the treasury hr.s the
honor to lay before the house of representatives
the following report: —
I. Til at by the annual report upon the state of the
finances of the United SUi'.es, presented on the 6th
of ik'cer.iber, 1I-515, it Appears thai the balance of
the wnole of ihe public funded debt, comructcJ
before the war, amounted, on the 30th September.
Jfalo, to the sum of ',135,484 96
T:u>.t 0,1 v>,? 1st Jan. 131(3,
v/;is reimbursed of the pri. ci-
pal of iiial de.-t (besides the
p:'.yt;n.-nt of the iiuercrA) the
sun; of ----- 759,652.38
And iiu.t at this time the balance
of tin- whole </' the public debt
eon-racied before the war, a-
to the .,um of
£38,335,832 58
il. That by '.lit- annual ncport it also .ipp^ai s, tha'
.limited amount of the whole of the fr.ided
pi;')lic debt, in reference to, the late \var, was, on
the 3vv.ii <,;• ,; ^.embcr, 1S15, the
50
'f.:at to tlii'! .'.i.inm' there
dded the following' items,
siare th ,' ;-, 1815 —
1. fc f> percent. st<,c!v ' f 1814, m tlie
rate of glOO i:i .^ek ."m ^au in
rn^ey, tup.;/ tut ciiy of 'Ji: j-ies-
t^h), . •..&" "• • , m L; e co'iti'.-ct, for
a Iu..n m:-.;!e dvu';);^' the
ia.tc war - - § 234,889 23
2 In 6 per cent stock
of 1815, in lieu of trea-
sury notes funded at
95 per ct. and which
so far operates to re-
duce the amount of
the floating debt due
on the 30th of Sept.
1815, - - 2,206,954 21
3. In 6 per cent, stock,
in lieu of treasury
notes funded at par,
and which so far ope-
rates to reduce the a-
mount of the floating
debt due on the 30th
of September, 1815, 2,057 00
4. In 7 per cent, slock in
lieu of small treasury
notes funded at par,
estimated at - 2,815,871 00
Amount of the addition, since the
SOlli of September, 1815, to the
public funded debt, contracted in
reference to the war - - 5,229,772 44
Estimated amount of the whole of
the public funded debt on the 12th
of Feb. 1816, contracted in re-
ference to the late war - |68,374>764 94
III. Thav by the annual report it also appears
that the amount of the floating public debt, on the
3Uth of September, 1815, was $17,355,101 00
To this sum there have been add-
ed, between the 30th of September,
1815, and 12th of February, 1816,
the following items —
1. There have been is-
sued and re issued
small treasury notes,
amounting, as is esti-
mated, to the sum of 3,471,537 00
2. There have been issu-
ed treasury notes
bearing interest at 5
2-5 per cent, the sum
of 2,704,600 00
6,176,137 0(5
3. There have been obtained tempo-
rary loans from sundry banks in
the district of Columbia, under
the act of the 13th of February,
1815, providing for the re-con-
struction of the public buildings
at Washington, - - - 100,000 00
23,631,23,8 00
But the floating debt has been di-
minished during dx; same period, in
'he following manner —
1. By the subscription of treasury
notes to the 6 per cent, loan, as
above suicd, at the rute of felOO
in stock for §95 in princip u and
si of ireaoUi} notes. S-i.ck
having btvn issued to the amount
of $2,206,955 21 produced arcim-
bursfinent of treasury no.fs a-
mounii-ig to 2,096,607 S3-
B.u of iiiis sum there
was included an e^ti-
m. te; in the sum of
§4*315,009, sU.tcd as
jin the
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— REPORT ON SEAMEN.
&*4
o7
annual report, the "urn
of 81,153:413 94,con-
trac ,s for sundry sums,
uncertain in their a-
mount, having been
made, but not comple-
ted at that lime, and
which, therefore, is
now deducted, - 1,153,412 94
943,194 59
.2. By funding- treasury
notes at par for 6 per
cent, stock, as above
stated, - - 2,057 00
3- By funding- small trea-
sury notes for 7 per
cen . stock, as above
stated, - - 2,815,871 00
4. By the payment in
treasury notes of du-
ties and taxes estima-
ted to have amounted,
in treasury notes bear-
ing- interest, to the
sum of |2,650,000
In small trea-
sury notes to
the sum of ' 50,000
'2,700,000
5. By the repayment of
temporary loans, viz.
To the Bank of the
State of South Caro-
lina, - $50,000
To the Mechan-
ics' Bank, New-
York, - 200,000
250,000
Estimated amount of the whole of
the floating debt, on the 12th
February, 1816, - - $16,920,115 41
IV. That from the preceding estimates, it appears
that on the 12th Feb. 1816, the aggregate amount
of the public debt was the sum of / 123,630,692 93,
consisting of the following items:
1. Funded public debt^focfore the
war, .... £38,335,832 58
2. Funded public debt contracted
since the war, - - 68,374,744 94
3. Floating- public debt, outstand-
ing, - - - . - 16,920,115 41
j to America;; seamen" by the message of the presi.
idf-.iit of the United Slates Two COM
jdistmct in their character, are suggested in Ix.uaif
of the measure — 1st. As it might have a conciliato-
ry tendency towards foreign nations ; and 2dly. As
it would inci-e;>.e ihe independence of our naviga-
tion and the resources of our m:u-;iirre defence.
"An act for the regulation of seamen onboard
the public and private vessels of the Uniied S'
p.issedthc third day of .March, 181.S, prohibits the
employment, as stamen, of the subjects or ciii^cnu
of uny foreign nation which sh;u! prohibit the em-
ployment of citizens of the United States. That
act furnishes indisputable evidence of the concilia-
tory spirit of the national councils; and a corrcs-
••'g disposition on the part of othe" govern-
ments only is wanting to give i»: eiiVc.t. The com-
mittee however, deem it expedient to advance the
indepe»dence~o£ navigation and the resources of ma-
ri iniL'. defence of the Uni<ed States. ,-<n<i fc
purpose submit a bill to the con.?u!e;-;,tior! i
! senate. That the nature and extent of its provi-
sions may be the more readily understood, the fol-
lowing outline of the existing regulations cor.cera-
ing commercial vessels, and of the proposed modi-
fications, is presented.
Commercial vessels which arc registered or en-
rolled according to the existing laws :<.re denomina-
ted ships or vessels of the United States. For car-
rying on trade with foreign countries, thev are re-
gistered. For the coasting trade or fisheries of the
United States, they are enrolled and licensed.
Ships or vessels built within ',he United Shitesor
^•d :.r,d coiulenmed as prize •)!• ndj.idged for-
feited fur bve«c;i o:' law and belonging Wholly to
cm/ens of the United States may be regislered or
enrolled, if they c.rc commanded* by ciiiiaens eitlier
native or naturalized. Such vessels are peg rded
as belonging to the ports at or nearest to which the
6,711,122 59 managing owners reside. And ;
or enrolled in the offices of the customs for i!jc dis*
tricts which comprehend the respective ports.
When a vessel is registered, Ihe ownership, n;;ric»
description and tonnage, being- leg illy aacertahiec),
are stated distinctly, with the mime of the n;a.s:r»
and entered in some projier book fora record or re-
gistry to be kept by the collector of the custom?.
A certificate of such regist'-y is isuaed ns evidence of
ownership to accompany the vessel, la addition
to the seal and signature of the register of the
treasury of the United States, it is attested under
the seal of the collector with IMS signature, and
is countersigned by the naval officer "or surveyor
123,630,692 93
That the aggregate amount of
the public debt, on the 30th
Sept. 1815, was the sum of 119,635,553 46
13,995,134 47
And that the aggregate addition
since the 30th Sept. 1815,
All which is respectfully submitted.
A. J. DALLAS, Secretary uf the Treasury.
Treasury Department, 28th Feb. 1816.
Report on Seamen.
In senate of the United States, March 7, 1816. Mr.
Jiibb from the committee on foreign affairs submit-
ted the folia-wing report.
The attention of the committee has been drawn
where there is such an officer for the
port to
which the vessel belongs. And a copy is trans-
mitted to the register of the treasury.
The certificate of registry for a vessel to be em-
ployed in foreign voyages may continue in force so
long as the ownership continues the same. On a
change of property, if purchased by any citizen of
the United States, the vessel is registered anew.
When the master is changed, the collector of the
customs is authorised to endorse a memorandum of
such change on the certificate of registry.
The requisites for this important document are
prescribed in the act of the thirty-first of Decem-
ber, seventeen hundred and nine-two, entitled " An
act concerning the registering and recording- ul'
ships or vessels." And various provisions in th,.
same act were adapted to guard the interests of
ship builders and owners of the U. States ag-ainst
the intrusions or impositions of foreigners.
In relation to vessels of twenty tons or upwards
tp the policy of " confining the American navigation which may be enrolled, the sam$ qualifitations am*
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 1816,
requisites are prescribed andsimi
abuses are provided in the act of the ei;v :.ecnth of
Febru .ry, seventeen hundred and ninety-three^ en-
tit u-d " An act for enrolling1 and licencing' ships or
vessviii to be employed in 'he coast ing- trade and fish-
erks avd foi- regulating the same." A certificate of
enrolment, which is issued for a coasting or fishing
vessei of the United States, is strictly analogous to
the certificate of registry for a merchant vessel.
The documents contain similar statements respect-
ing the vessels and the titles of the owners and arc
authenticated in the same manner.
Vessels of less than twenty tons are licenced, with-
out being- enrolled, according to the act of the
eighteenth of Fe.br.tury, seventeen hundred and
nine tv-thrce. And tlie duty of tonnage on a licenc-
ed vessel is payable once in a year. A licence is
Issued from the office of the customs for the ves-
sel to be employed in the coasting trade or the
e fishery or cod fishery. It may be in force for
one year o.nd is t;iven under the hand and seal of
the collector, who is required to make a record of
such licences and transmit copies to the regis'.er
of 'he treasury. That the privileges appertaining
to ships or vessels of the United States in the coast-
ing trade or fisheries may be fully enjoyed, the
same law requires enrolled vessels to have licences.
As the act of the thirty -first of December, seven-
teen Hundred and ninety-two, has provided that the
prive! g, .; appertaining- to registered ships or ves
sels o!' .he United Stales, shall not continue to be
c-njoyt-'i longer than ihey continue to be commanded
by citizens of the United States, it has in effect re-
quired every such vessel to have one citizen on
board us master or commander. And the same re-
quisi'c is included in the ac^ of the eighteenth of
February, seventeen hundred and ninety-three, for
enro.iing and licencing ships or vessels. These
nctsc.mtun the principal regulations for the com-
mercial shipping. There are no laws in operation
Tvhic ; equi: e any more of the citizens to be em-
•plo, ed for naviga'ting the vessels in foreign trade or
in t:ie ooasting trade or fisheries. There is no act
of congress which requires '. >e subordinate officers
or am part of the crew on .' o.n-d any vessel \vhar-
ever to be citizens of the United States.
On > xamina'ion it appears, that systematic regu-
lations concerning the owners! tip of vessels were
<'sl-tbiished by the registering <ict of December,
1792, and the enrolling and licencing- act of Febru-
ary, 1793. Bat the United Slates have remained
to this day without a navigation act for each branch
of tht.-ir commerce.
As it concerns the maritime interests of the
United S; ites, i' H of impor.ance to establish u po-
licy requiring the commercial vessels of the United
States to be navigated principally by manners of
the country. With this view, it h considered p.'o-
per to allow the privileges of American character
to none but vessels navigated by American mari-
ners as the law may require; to provide for ascer-
taining who shall be regarded as such mariners;
anil o make it requisite for vessels of the Uni'ed
States to have doc.iments on board as evidence of
berig so navigated.
That the policy may he carried into effect with-
out inconvenience, various particulars in a sj
of navigation must correspond to existing laws re-
specting the collection of duties, the ownership of
vessels or the government of persons in the mer-
chant service or fisheries. Several regulations si-
milar to those already in force arc pi\rposed to be
• nrorporatcd.
The documents for vessels sailing on foreign voy-
; gcs ma supercodc the use of any other
catesof citizenship for persons employed in naviga-
ting them. And it is proposed to repe il the sec*
tion of the act of May, 1796, which has authorized
the collectors to deliver certificates to individual
mariners. Abuses which arc known to have pre-
vailed in relation to such certificates may be avoid-
ed by requiring proper documents to accompany
the vessels.
TreaHury Department, 26th January, 1816.
Sill — Permit, me to answer your inquiries, rela-
tive to the amount of American tonnage, and the
number of seamen, citizens, and foreigners, em-
ployed in the merchant service, by commmaic-iing
a copy of the letter,' 'which 1 have addressed to the
chairman of the committee of foreign reia'ior.s of.
the house of representatives, upon the; same subject
I have the honor to be,
very respectfully, sir,
your most obedient servant,
A. J. DALLAS.
The hon. Win. Bibb, chairman of
the committee of foreign relations, of the senate.
(COPY.)
Treaauri; Department, Jamtury 26,1816.
SIR — I have the honor to acknowledge the re-
ceipt of your letter, requesting, on behalf of the
committee of foreign relations, information upon
the following subjects :
1. The amount of American tonnage.
2. The number of seamen required for the na-
vigation of American vessels.
3. The number of American seamen, either na-
tive or naturalized.
4. The number of foreign seamen now employed
in the merchant service of the United States.
I. The annual statement of the amount of Ameri-
can tonnage, on the 31st of December, 1814, which
was recently laid before congress, exhibits an ag-
gregate of '1,159,208 8Q-95ths tons, as included in
the returns made to this department, by the col-
lectors of the customs; but for the reasons assign-
ed in the letter of the register of the treasury, ac-
companying that statement, the actual amount
ought not to be estimated, on the 30th of Decem-
ber, 1814, at more than 1,029,281 8.5-95th tons.
Ry an estimate formed from the returns of the
collectors, to the 30th of September, 1815, the ag-
gregate amount of the tonnage, included in the re-
turns, will be 1,363,758 62-95ths tons; but ihis
amount is liable to a deduction, similar to that
above mentioned ; and the tonnage of American
vessels actually employed, at the last period, may
be estimated at about 1,217,000 tons, divided in the
follov.'ing manner:
American tonnage employed in foreign trade?
about - , - - 841,000
Ditto, in the coasting- trade, about, 350,000
Ditto, iu the fisheries, 27,000
Tons, 1,21 7,0 JO
II. The number of seamen required for the navi-
gation of American vessels, may be computed from
the crews, which they usually ship, including offi-
id boys, at an average of nearly six for every
hundred tons employed in the foreign and coasting-
trade, and of about eight, for every hundred ions
employed in the fisheries. This computation will
p; ace the whole number of seamen, required for
n of American vessels, at about 70,000.
in. and IV. The number of American seamen, na-
: naturalized ci i/i-ii-,, and the number of fo-
reign seamen, who arc employed hi the merchant
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— REPORT ON SEAMEN.
39
service of the Cni.vd States, cannot be a.>c..
f.d from H.ii' < s in the treasury department
It i b-lkn-ed, indeed, that there d >es not cxi.t,
:i:i where, the means of classing tlie seamen ac-
cording to '!r,t discrimination; nor of ascertain
iruyt; , except in the general mode of
comput ttio .:V:i been adopted upon the
p'v ,;t occ '..i',n. The , els for >he relief and pro-
tection of American sei'iien, provide that, the col-
lector of eve y district iball keep a book, iu which,
a< ' :ie request of anv seu'..v»n, being a citizen of the
United S cites ; and producing proof of uis ci*izea-
<hip authenticated in a m umer whicij die :.ct has
oimued to define, he slnll enter the name of the
applicant; and that each collector shall return a
list of seamen so registered, once every three
. nioiivhs, to the secretary of st ite, who is required
to i:iy before congress, an annual statement of the
returns. It i* -^\m provided, that before a clear-
ance be granted to any vessel, bound on a foreign
voyage, the master shall deliver to the collector of
the customs a list containing, as far as he can as-
pert-, in, 'he na;ne;>, places of birth and residence,
and .i description of the persons who compose his
ship' co >i.>any, for whom iie is bound to account,
vip')-: his return -o ;,'.e United States. Bat expe-
rience has shown, that neither the register, which
only includes the nanvs of citizens who themselves
request to be registered ; nor the crew-lists fur-
n'.s'iedby the masters of vessels employed in the
foreign trade, upon general information, afford a sa-
tisfactory test, to distinguish the native from the
naturalized seamen, nor even to distinguish the ci-
.i/en from the alien ; and that neither can be relied
o-.,'to establish the aggregate number of seamen,
employed in the merchant service.
l:i the year 18^7, an attempt was made to estimate
the proportion of foreign to American seamen on
b'jurd o." American vessels; but the basis of the es-
timate was too unsettled and hypothetical, to com-
tnand confidence in the result. It was then suppo-
sed, that nearly one-sixth of the whole number' of
seamen employed in navigating American vessels
were foreign stamen ; and more particularly that
of the number of seamen employed in the foreign
trade, at least one fourth were foreigners. There
are reasons to presume that the proportion of fo-
reign to American seamen is less at this rime than
it. \\\.s in the year 1807; and that it will become
•'.i ...s the nations of Europe, in consequence
of the general pc^ce, become more and more the
carriers of their own imports and exports.
1 have the honor to be, Sec.
(Signed,) A. J. DALLAS.
STATEMENTS
Respecting persons registered as American seamen, according to oificial returns for the
years prior to 1813.
Statement of the whole number of seamen annu
idly rvsrint-°rerl fuJbvtgfieahj under t'ae act of the 28th
of May, 1796; being an "abstract of seamen regis
tered in the several custom-houses of the United
States, according to returns made to the depart-
ment of state," as combined in a report made lo the
;9th of February, 1813.
Statement of the number of naturalized persons
annually registered as American seamen, under the act
28th of May, 1796, according to a report from the
secretary of state to the senate, dated the 6th of
January, 1813.
YEAR.
Whole
number re-
turned as
registered
REMARKS.
YEAR.
returned as
naturalized.
REMARKS.
For uie tast£
."£ Sl'o^ i ^
For the last £
Cfl £3 C/5 £ +J •*
of the year 1796
4,849
rt '~t ~ ^'r1 *" '£ °
of the year 1796
70
§ ^ -j ^r'ToS
For the year 179."
9,021
2 c 5^ 2 ji JjXri -£
For the year 1797
165
S ?J a2 S r^ -•
!7;-<o
7,^31
ij o IT.il -S 5 c "?
1798
111
^ ^ r— S •"• 'S
1799
6)5U
•" J"f --S ,£. o S £ 3
1799
95
° ^ .^ M J? ^ "o
1800
3,390
•~ ^ 2 -c -p " _2 *
18 (JO
54
£ ^" Lj C ~ "^ °
1801
6,917
2-^2^ o § S^^
1801
48
3 f. — ^ P CO -£
*J ^ 0 ^0 :i rH ^
1802
891
U 5* ** '8 H "* V»
180S
26
^ «•£ o uZ jC Q
1803
10,724
3^1 6.8 -l^r
ISO3
i'40
1804
6,822
^o^ 8 « *^ iS'^
18"04
124
^ "c "" <5 "5 ^2 *o
1805
10,722
<j y c ., . o r1
1805
68
O ^ ^ r« O 2 •-•
2.- s . -a * » s ?»
1806
9,900
o S Hi 2J-5-2
1806
70
5 c^^-5'l «
1807
7,937
^ ~ ^f1*^ .23 £ .S C
1807
71
'^ .=f 2 £ ^ •'• _r
18G8
1,121
1808
55
'o fc •£• ••-' *j 1? ,2
1809
9,170
- o | 5* '^ So
1809
214
;: ^ H -^, 5 ^ ,3
1810
3,668
^^^ Sl'11'8
1810
147
>^ .2 >. ^' g- « ^
1811
4,828
• Yc<?.S -^ fa M &.
'.-^^H ^ o '~ ti 'bi o a>
1811
39
"Q £ "? >T3 o "® ^:'
1812
3,252
1812
33
f.^£_fj
TOTAL -
10G,757
TOTAL -
1,530
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 1816*
Foreign Articles.
Lond'»i p. ,'>••:•* !o the3\st of January.
The Niger frigate, with Mr. BAGOT on bo^rd, sail-
ed from Portsuiou'ii for America on the 28th of J -
unary.
-Madame Lavalette, having obtained her provi-
sional liberty by fiunisliing ihe ecuriiy required by
law, has been released from prison.
The 65th regiment sailed f.om Portsmouth on
the 26th of January for St. Helena.
One of the London papers announces, that M.
Hyde de Xeuviile, who resided some time in this
country, is appointed French ambassador to the
Uai ted States.
Price of stocks, Jan. .30. — 4 per cent. 77 1-4
1-2. 5 per cent. Consuls, 51 7-U C2 1-8 1-4— Om-
nium 18 1 2 to 19 par.
A Liverpool paper of the 31st January, says, <fthey
V'1'ue from London to Brussels* that one of the do-
mestics of Bonaparte has been sent buck to Europe,
admiral Cockhurn suspecting that under the livery
of a servant was concealed a person of high rank.'
Several German Journals state, that the kings o
Havana, and Wurtembcrg, ar.d the Brunei duke o
Baden, have concluded an alliance for the purpose
of solemnly guaranteeing the states which they at
present pov-e^s.
Letters from Vienna statr, that the taking pos-
EC/wion of tiie duchy of Panna by the arch-duchess
?ilaria Louisa, is interrupted by some difficulties
interposed on the part of Spain.
The great banking house of Koscoe, Clark and
I!o:-x-.oc, of Liverpool, has failed. There is a terri-
ble outcry in England about the scarcity of money,
and the difficulties of the times. The fact I think
Will soon appear, that Great Britain will find quite
a:i much difficulty in supporting a peace estal>i
;.':,•;;„' ;—; 5:i earn ing on a war, for reasons heretofore
given in the HKUISTKR. A nation so situated must
be in a deplorable state, indeed.
Alexander, of Russia, has returned to his capital,
in the midst of great rejoicings. Preparations were
making for the marriage of his sister to the prince
of Orange, He is said to have invited Carnol to an
honorable situation in Russia.
The prince regent of England has the gout
Crtvt disorders prevail in Ireland. Several coun-
ties are declared out of the "kings peace," and the
miserable inhabitants are transported at thewili of
a board of magistrates, without trial!1 They enjoy
"legitimacy" in its essence. The tythes of the vile
sprieais bear so hard upon the poos- people that they
appear half-disiracted, being half starved. The
English papers are filled with accounts of the dis-
tresses of the .agricultural interest, of which, also,
the tabes are u great cause. \Vhy not shake off
this wicked appendage of' royalty — an established re-
Uffimrf Lord Cuatlcreagfi has officially no Lined the
friends of the ministers in parliament, that their j-.v-
nerai aitendaiice is e.u-nes^y desired OH the first of
February ! There is a report that the income tax,
at 5 per cent, is to remain permanent. The duke of
liulland, lord Powis, and the marquis Wellesley
have successively refused the lord lieutenancy of
J)-fht-i\d — The office is going a-begging.
Austria and Bavaria have very sei ious difficulties
about the cutting and carving of the royal spoilers
at Vienna. The Hamburg Correspondent™, a very
famous and intelligent journal, has been suppressed
by ihe senate of that city, at the instance of the
ministers of the fool of Spain. The city of Mos-
cow is rising vapidly from its ashes— more" beautiful
than before. 300 persons were killed aiDuntzic b>
the. explosion of a powder magazine.
Gen. /;.;,/.. .WTO.? has been dismissed from tht
Spanish war office because re recommended to the.
king (us the last resort to meet the expences of the,
st: te in equipping- a military force for America) to
suppress a certain number of prebends and canon-
slaps in the different cathedrals of the kingdom..
But. Ferd'uniml enraged declared that "the patrimo-
ny of the church." that is of the gluttonous priest-
hood, should not be touched, and dismissed him for
supposing it possible that such a thing should be!,
Lord Wellington is severely censured in the an;;
ti-ministerial p, pers for the part he acted towards
'U.e murdered Ney." This and other violations of
the capitulation of Paris, are expected to be brought
bcfoi e pa, ii .ment
I\ !;•.:; sen , Lefebvre, Suchet, Augcreau and Mon-
cey, are dismissed from the service of the king oi
Franco, an<i deprived of their pay. It i.-> said that
TaUein-c.-nd will ho exiled — he has been a rogue to
all par'.ic.'j. Cumbuccrvs, with his immense proper-
ty, said to be wortli i"> uuls sterling haw
asked leave to retire to Siiesia. — • — Davoust has
been ordered to quit Pi-ris in 24 hours. One him.
('red and seventy-three general officers have been
cashiered because ^t/iey had duelled the spring of le-
gitimacy." Vaiul: mme is s;. id to be coining to A-
merica. D..vid, the celebrated painter, goes- -to
Rome, (en Colbert has leuve to retire to a fo-
reign state.
. . -:,<;ts. Gcncr , r^archav.d, Chai'traiv
and. many others. On triii?, or about io be tried — gen-,
crals Drotiet, I)eb( He; ad-n'iivl Linois :nid son; gen.-
Cambrone, Belliard, Ornano, Decaen, Dover, Uelaii^
and niuny others.
A -stro:";:^ bo;b: of Pririvh troops govern Pur:.*,. —
The Frencli government seems exceedingly anxious
to make the people believe they are about to re>.
tire; but fears to let them go. Wellington's gar-
ris-.n hrt:; bttel\ been remforced by 25,000 men. The
report tb.atl.e was t.bout to visit England, is con-
tradicted. The duchess of Angoulerae has refus?
ed a visit of honor offered by the fish-women of Pa-
ris! Alnnv "Conspiracies'*; are talked of in France^
one is said to have for its watch-words "the lion is
asleep." Fresh disturbances have broken out near
Nismes — the object, to mui-der i.lie protestuiivs. —
An attempt was made at Thoulouse to kill the duke
of Vngouknie by discharging a musket at him. —
The Venus de Medicis, the "statue that enchants
the world," has been received at Florence with an.
enthusiasm bordering on madness A monument is
to be erecied at Paris to the memory of Louis
X\ I. of Ma'iu Antoinette and madam e Elizabeth.
Among the officer.} retained in service by Louis,
we obseVve die n: me-s of marshals Perignon, the
duke of Ut'K'gio, Si. Cyr, Jourd^i., the duke de FeU
tre (Clark,) the duke of Treviso (Mortier,) the duke
of iUiiuno (Victor,) and the duke of Tarentum
(M&cdonald). Each of these lias command of one
)f the new %2 military divisions of France.
T.'K N-KW ciiys.vurl The knights of the different
, and the persons who have subscribed their
i.nics to contribute to the formation of the funds
necessary to abolish the trade in white and black.
slaves i»" the north of Africa, a trade still earned on
contrary to religion, humanity, and the honor of
Christianity, are informed that the president of the
as.socia ion will have the honor to make his annual
report on the progress made towards the attain-
ment of the end proposed; he will explain to them
at the same time, the state of the funds given in
trust to his management for this service, by the so-
vereigns and other illustrious Subscribers, and will
submit to tl i em the documents on which the re-
port is founded. T>e. fast report will, be
WERKLV
N ARTICLES,
4!
«i at Paris, at a time and n!:>.ce ID '><• specie,
when hi:> .nost cnristian m j-sty, who has deigned
to subscribe as grand master of Vhe order of St
Louis, shall have made known uis i>le..sure on \\\l-
Jiead. (Si-ned) W. SYDNEY SMITH.
President of the knights liberators of the whiie
slaves in Af -ica.
P. S. — The subscribers will receive printed co-
pies of tne papers, subsequent to the first associa-
tion at Vienna, on the 29th Dec. hist.
Subscriptions are received at P •' is, tit the house
of Me.ss.-s. Pe.-regaux and L:iiitle; :it Vienna, »\.
Messrs. Frias & Co.: a-. <ienoa, by Messrs. Gaulis;
at Brussels, by ?vlessrs. Schunuker; at Frankfon,
by Messrs. Bethman,
"ESCAPE OF L». VA;VETTT$. I1, now appears certain
that general La V.de.te v.is assisted in his escap.<
fey general sir U ibe.rt Wilson, \l • Bn:ce and Mi
Huichinsan, Kn^lisl; o/ticers .a P.d-is. Tiiey wen
all urresud by the po;ice. The following purlieu
lars are interesting:
Jirrt'st of Sir R. Wihon.
Copy of a note addresied to the English ambassador
by the due de ilicneiieu.
PIRTS, Jan. 13, 1816.
It is with the most lively feeling's of p.u and
^egret that the undersigned sees himself obliged
to make known to his excellency, Sir Charles
Stewart, that several subjects of h-s Britannic
majesty appear to have taken an active part in
eulpable manoeuvres directed against the govern-
ment of the king-.
His excellency will see by the letter hereto
annexed which the u.uler.sig-ned has just received
fi-om the minister of police, that Sir Robert Wnson,
Mr. Bruce, and ano..hcr individual, who is believed
to be an English geiit-ehun, are accused of having
favored the escape of Lavaleite. The trial is going
to commenco; but tiie undersigned, in announcing
it to Sir Charles Ste \vuri, is forward at tiie same
time to give him the assurance, that they will enjoy
fully all the facilities v.'hich our laws afford for
their justification, and that the protecting forms
of trial will be religiously observed towards them.
The undersigned, in inJcing this communication
to the English ambassador, as a consequence of the
particular regard w ,ich this court on every occasion
entertains towards die government of iiis Britannic
majesty, has the honor to renew, &c.
" Paris, Jan. 13.
" Sir — I have learned with surprise that several
English gentlemen among whom are general Sir
II >:)ert Wilson, Mr. Crawford Bruce", and Mr,
H;uchinsou, nave been arrested 'this morning, that
•their papers huve been seized, and that they have
been conveyed to the prisons of this city under tne
direction of the minister of the Police.
" As I have repeatedly manifested to your excel-
lency my dele miuatiun to expend the protection of
my sovereign \o no person wnose conduct endangers
the safety or' this government, I should have been
fluttered, if, as British ambassador at the court of
Prance, I had been honored with a communication
from your excellency, which might have prevented
the necessity of an o.ncLd explanation of the mo-
tives for a proceeding of diis nature towards indi-
dividuais whose services and rank in some measure
guarantee the loyalty of their conduct.
1 have the honor, &.c,
(Signed) "OIARLE6 STUART."
Brussels, Jan. 23. — According- to private letters
from Paris Mr. Bruce, on his first examination up-
on the escape of Lavaiette, answered in tne follow
Jhg auumqr t« the..questions which were put to nii»:
Q. Y.'ur name ? — V. There is nobody except the
•mice of Paris to whom mv mrne b iu>* k'~"> YD.
(\. O'' whit country are you? — A, Of tfyat country
•jhlch has conquered France.
Q. Didyo'i assist in t'ie escape of L-avalette? —
V. Distinguish: if you me .n liis esc pefrom
•o— if you mean his escape tVo;n the kingdoi i of
.•'ranee, yes.— I might say no to this also, butl .say
res.
' i. What were your motives for acting in (his rnan-
V. My mative.i — isi, in order u> s ;ve a persc-
M ed individual; 2d, to serve humanity; 3d, to ;ui-
•-• ve-' tite -ippe;tl made to English houor (~lo>/u/tty
i.ig!ais",J an appeal wi;ich is never ma'de ri v-.C\.,\.
i-.valetie, entered my ap..rtmeni; he »«id to me,
-lam L'tV.dette, I have just c-.-.c ped f.-oin pri M;
! .un pursueri; I see some Gend:a*rnes at the \& .,-,-
>f 'lie street; I d.u-e not proceed for fear of :
.ig'ain arrested; 1 fly to you; I confide myself in En-
glish honor; s-ive me" — Then I u>ok oif my unifo^rr^
•.'luclil m.tde L.:v.iier/.e put or-; -ifa'rw .r Js T con-
certed with my friends upon what was to be done to
c ),ivev him out of the kingdom; I resolved to ac-
complish it myself, and I conveyed Lavalette out of
Prance in my own carriage. — This cntcrpri/e suc-
ceeded by means of '.he disguise, Sec.
Paris Jan 22. — The public attention is directed
to the trial of sir Robert Wilson and his friends,,
which is said to be fixed for Thursday, before tiie
court of Vssizeb; the same court that tried Lava-
lette. You may rely on the exactness of the follow-
ing particulars:
On Saturday, the day of their arrest, sir Robert
positively declined giving any answer whatever t».
the interrogatories proposed to him. He was close-
ly confined, and au secret. The day after lie would
only answer the mere questions of formality, such
as his n.une, age, profession, &c. He persisted iu
this system for the motives I explained to you in
my last, and which ue conmmnicat.ed to lord Auck-
land, "that the tendency of the questions was tv
eliminate him;" that he was asked, "what his pri-
vate opinion of Ney was, what houses he frequent-
ed," Sec. In consequent* of this resolution he was
kept uu secret \i\\ti\ the Thursday following, when
the niurquis of Buckingham obtained permission for
lady Wilson (who has the misfortune of beincy
blind) to visit her husband, and the marquis accom-
panied her to the prison, since tiiat time tiie rigor
of his captivity lias been alleviated; he is permitted
to see her ladyship every clay, and she enters with
her friend who conducts her. Sir Robert is allow-
ed to walk in the court, when the other prisoners
are shut up.
M. Dupin, who defended mai'shal Xey, was re-
tained by lady Wilson as her husband's counsel, im-
nediateiy after his deten.i >n.
From the London Courier of January 30.
Vice admiral Pickmore has been appointed go-
vernor of Newfoundland, and commander in chief
of his majesty's ships on that station, where lie is
to reside until the term of his command expires,
without returning to England in the winter season,
is has been the custom heretofore.
A letter from St. Helena, saj s — " Bonaparte is at
present most narrowly watched, and on parole not
to go beyond the limits of the little garden, &.c.
tUTOunding the co.tage he inhabits. He has al-
ways about iiis person an oificer and at least two or
three sergeants. Notwithstanding all this, he is
lever heard to complain, but seems perfectly calm,
and resigned to his fate. He still keeps up his
dignity witli tuose about him, and they never ap-
proach him covoved, nor da they WQHV tkek hats itt
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 16 1816.
his pressnce. I remarked, the day I dined wit
the admiral, during our outward bound passag
that iie had a plate of each dish on the table pu
before him by his servant, and some lie partook of
others was removed without his eating- any. Tl
Same ceremony was observed in handing- round
wine ; a glass of each sort on a salver was occasion
ally presented, and, if inclined, he drank one ; i
not, the salver was removed without his speaking
He always preserved a great degree of stateliness
Tie never asked how he was to be disposed of, anc
•-•erfectly passive in every transaction."
Bi-u^ds^ Jan. 23. — Letters from Paris mentioi
£ka- several persons who .ire to quit France in con
sequence of the law of Amnesty, have asked fo
passports to the Netherlands or to America; tha
several French officers leave the country for the
Xlni.ed Slates, and that the British government does
not see without uneasiness an emigration whici
might endanger its interest in America.
London, Jan. 30. — French papers arrived yester
tlay, and tins forenoon we received the Paris jour
nals to the 27th inst.
The political arrests are still continued with an
activity, and in such numbers as to evince that the
government is in the utmost dread of a convulsion
Armed force is employed, for the purpose of mak
ing- the arrests, and handing- over the suspected
persons to the civil authorities. It is also evident,
that the fears of government are not ill founded.
From a Paris paper, Jan. 10. — We cannot help ad-
-miring, and almost envying1 the feelings of the Ame
rican congress at this moment. Their national pride
exulting!}' triumphs over the humiliation of the Ai-
gerines, and certainly the United States have some
reason to indulge a proud feeling on that occasion:
their cause was that of freedom asserting native
rights against prescriptive outrage, and their ex-
ample b worthy of being imitated by the states of
Europe, though at the same time we cannot admi'-e
the terms of the treaty. The world has too long
endured the ignomy of Algerin* oppression. The
protection of national flags is the permanent duty
of every country, and in *»ch a quarrel \ve wish to
see the whole energy of the states exerted. The
conciliatory measure which the American president
has proposed, is of itself excellent — that "Ameri-
can navigation should he confined to American sea-
men." Hut the solution of the principal question,
what constitutes an American .seaman, involving
that of naturalization, the right of sovereignty, and
the po\vcrof transferring allegiance, will still con-
.•flnue in original uncertainty. We sincerely hope
that it will be very long before the necessity of dis-
cussing the question be again felt.
PARIS, January 13 — The Gazette official contains
the following- laws:
Louis, by the grace of God, &.c. — We have pro-
posed, the chambers have adopted, we have ordain-
ed, and do ordain, as follows:
Art. 1. A full and entire amnesty is accorded to
all those who, directly or indirectly, took part in the
rebellion or usurpation of Napoleon Bonaparte, sav-
ing1 the exceptions hereinafter named.
2. The ordinance of the 26th of July will conti-
nue to be executed with respect to the individuals
named in the first article of that ordinance.
3. The king can, in the space of two months from
the promulgation of the present law, exile from
France such of the individuals comprised in the se-
cond article of the said ordinance as he shall keep
on it, and as shall not have been previously brought
before the tribunals; and, in that case, such parties
sT^all quit France within the time fixed for them
.-nd shall not return without the express permission
of his majesty, under pain of tr^isportatioM.
the king may, in like manner, deprive them of
all property and all pensions granted to them on
grounds of fc'-or.
4. The relatives of Napoleon Bonaparte, in as-
cending and descending- line — his uncles, aunts, ne-
phews, nieces; his brothers, their -.v-ives, and their
issue; his sisters .ind their husbands, arc excluded
for ever from the kingdom. All are bound to de-
part therefrom in the space of one month, under the
penalties specified in the 91st; article of the
code. They cannot enjoy any civil ri^-ht in Fra.ice,
nor possess any property whatsoever, any tit jo or
pension granted to them' of ftvor; and they shall be
bound to sell, within six months, all the property
that th«r hold in France by purchase.
5. The present amnesty is notapplicabletothose
persons against whom prosecutions have been di-
rected, or against whom judgments have been pro-
nounced, prior to the promulgation of the present
law; such prosecutions shall be continued and such
'udgmcnts executed conformably to the laws.
6. \re not comprised in the" present amnesty
crimes or offences against individuals, at whatever
aeriod they m.iy have been committed. The per-
sons charged with such crimes may be always pro*
secuted according to the laws.
7. Those of the regicides, who, in contempt of a
clemency almost boundless, voted tor the additiona
act, or accepted offices or employments from the
usurper, and who, by so doing, declared themselves
rreconcilcable enemies of France, and of the law-
ill government, are for ever excluded the realm,
ind are bound to quit in the space of one month,
mder the pain of the punishment enacted by the
3d article of the penal code. They cannot possess
my civil right in France, nor any property, title or
jension granted to them of favor.
The present law, discussed, deliberated, and,
doptcd by the chambers of peers and deputies,
nd sanctioned by us this day, shall be executed as
law of the state; we will, in consequence, that it
>e observed and maintained accordingly, in all our
cingdom, and in the lands and countries thereto be^
onging.
In furtherance whereof, we give it ifi command to
11 our courts, tribunals, prefects, administrative
lodies, and others, that these presents, they observe
.nd maintain, cause to be observed and maintained,
nd in order to make them better known, c;iuse
hem to be published and registered where occa-
ion shall require; for such is our pleasure, and in.
rder that the thing- may bt firm and permanent for
ver, we have hereunto set our seal.
Given at Paris, at the castle of theThuilleries,
the 12th day of the month of January, in the
year of grace 1816, and of our reign 21st.
(Signed) LOUIS.
By the king,
(Signed) RICHELIEU.
Seen and sealed with great the seal.
The keeper of the seals of France,
(Signed) IJAiinr. MAUBOIS.
A committeejhas just been appointed to fix upon.
lie list of individuals comprised in the 7th article
f the law of amnesty, which banishes them from.
ic kingdom.
There is a vague report that the French prison-
rs at St. Helena had arranged a design to take the
sland, and would have succeeded but for the arri-
al of -A 74 gun ship. The thing is prebat-ly given
NILBS' WEEKLY REGISTER— PENNSYLVANIA FINANCES.
4,3
out to prepared for ne.v ant! mor-
. >.'r, dug seme rff the potatoes for the family
res respectr'^ BonapuKe. dinner^ or s\ eked some of the g.ai> \vhich it seems
\ c inspi ac\ ivr. ins' '. ' ••'. pri -icipai !Jri'ush officers is con.-idered an irtbrmalitv in that part by the
rl» p,.;., is siii been di •• •• ;ylo'f the established church, and Jthe Re.v. Pa-
M^etings are held it 5. on. l.m -> relieve the we.iv- ! trick Hone sent out his proctor and seven men,
ers of Spitalfields — 6i)<)>> of them are said to be- . armed each with a blunderbuss and case of pistols
einplovrnent, owing to the importation of to value the! i cropland prepare them for a cita-
jsilks .->.m Fra'nce. I tion to the vicars court. The ty thing1 detachment,
\ :>mmf.< on the exportation nf wheats proposed in I were on the f::rrn of widow Quinlan, laying down
1 to relieve the agriculturalists. T ^ ex- the amount of her amercement, when their eyes
pdrtvtion of 40 or 50,000 priests, &c. would relieve1
them more effectually.
computed in England tint the exports to
the United States since 'the pe< ce have amounted
due of 3 J millions sterling-, 15U,OOU,(JOO dol-
were astonished with the appearance of 15 men,
eacli having- a blunderbuss poised, and approach-
ing with a death like silence across the plain ; they
wore white flannel working- jackets, large hats
trimmed and cocked up at front, their faces and
larsi — of which eighty millions we're from Liverpool. I necks, which were bare, were daubed with aiter-
•o'.it distress of manv of the merchants there, jnate stripes of raddle and ochre, red and yellow,
is at -Vihulcd to 'his excessive trade. AVe shall be which gave them a most frightful appearance, their
happy, indeed, if the evil is not felt here. jknees were loose, moving- quickly, and in a short
So" en attornies and eig-ht otner persons of Dub- (time they were -jp with the ivthing- men, who at-
lin, respectable in public credit until row, have
been convicted and sentenced to transportation, for
making and vending- f >rg-ed stamps.
A London paper of the 27th Jan. says that Miss
Patterson, formerly the wife of Jerome Bonaparte,
is at Paris, moving- in the lug-nest circles of fashion,
and exceeding-lv admired.
State of Ireland.
Extract of a letter dated11 Drog'ieda, 28f/i Oct. 1815.
" O:i the 3d of this month the counties of Tip-
perary and Limerick were proclaimed out of the
king's peace ; 12,'JUU troops have marched into
Tipperary ; any person found out of his
one hour before sun rise or one hour
wi >;it being- able satisfactorily to
after sun set,
account for
themselves, are forthwith transported for seven
years to Bo '.any Bay.
" The magistrates and troops go out at night,
knock at the doors and demand arms, the people
.commonly deny having any — the troops enter and a
search commences, if any arms are found the own-
ers are tried by a bench magistrate and transported
without further ceremony. TRIAL BY JCHY is
SUSPENDED in those two counties, that is Limerick
and Tipperary. Three men were brought into
Clonmell about fourteen days ago, and charged will)
having ;>. carbine, three gun locks and some shot in
their houses, the magistrates ordered them to Bo-
t'UVx M ,y, and they were rcn»oved without a mo-
ments de-lay, from the court house to a car that was
opposite the door, and sent oil' instantly to Cork,
under ;;. strong escort for transportation. Special
cormni sions are issued for Limerick, and Tippera-
ry, a,.d the same sysr.em is followed in every iov/n
m b.uh c,ja:ints. The oppression of the tythe sys-
tem is the c.mse of all those disorders.
"Wheat is at present but o'2s per barrel of 20
stnr.e — Oats from 7s to 10s per barrel of 14 stone.
In some part: of >;.c counu-y both grains arc much
Jov. er. L.,nds rent from 1.2 10 0 to 1.5 per acre per
ye;.r; the nett amount of the crop scarcely pays
the amount of tre tythe, taxes and tillage, without
speaking of the rc-n, and the minister demands as
much for his tythe as when wheat was at /. 4 1U 0
per barrel. Ti-e 'first account we bad of actual
hostility of the Tipperary bovs to tythes was in a
rencontre the) rind with the proctors of the Rev.
Patrick Hone, within two miles of Cashel, at 2 o'clock
on a Saturday, which is the market day. Patrick
Hone would not reduce his tythes, and the farmers
of the village of Golden, gave him notice that
tfcey would pay him in kind ; some of the farmers,
temp'ed to make off in all haste as they saw that re-
sistance was useless. Maher, an old and severe tythe
| hunter, was singled out and shot ; there was a large
black, where they got him heaven knows, of the
parvy, who was next taken and beat about the
bend and limbs, but his life was spared. The re»
meaning six fled to the house of the widow Quin-
lan, where they capitulated and begged for mercy.
The terms were severe, that they should hand out
their arms, valuation and tything books, never ap-
pear again on the same business, and not leave the
house for one hour. Such was the triumph of those
redoubted champions of the poor man's harvest.
The 15 men fVed o.'F at the orders of one man, and
made n\ the rate of six miles each hour : this is
the beginning but where will be the end, God <;:ilv
can tell. \Ve are in a most wretched sitiiaiion. I
wish that 10i),OuO hardy Irishmen were exchanged
for as man;,-, if you have tiiern, of those who in your
late war took part with the oppressors of my coun-
try and the bitter enemies of the United States of
America. One year's residence here v. ould make a
republican of the bitterest American tcry you have."
Pennsylvania Finances*
HKCJ5IPTS AND EXPENDITURES.
Letter from the auditor-general, rrlat.'rve to f>'te receipts and r.t>
of gavarnmcnt.
rs Office, January 2J.
SIR — Agreeably to liidi- r-.-souuion of yesterday,
1 i-fspectfuily submit to the honorable senate, tlie
follo\vi:u; statement:-; and observations, vi/,.
Estimate of the probable receipts and expendi-
tures at the state treasury iu 1816, founded upon.
tL; of the legislature
prior to the present
RECEIPTS,
Auction duties .
Tax oil new banks
, > o.ooo
" ,000
Tax on ufiicts .
8, 00
To which acM the balance in the treasu
December, 1815, .
EXPENDITURES.
Expences of gov^rnm-Mit
Loan from tlie Columbia Bridge Company \viUt
interest
Harri^burg bridge
Oa account of the appropriations to the
western Turnpikes .... 150,000
On account of the other appropriations
a;iU Balances of itpur<>|wiHUyiis . . io,coo
WILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 1816,
Pensions
Militia
Miact-ilaneofi*
lfi.000
sixcoo
15,000
Trobable surplus or balance on 1st Dec. 1816,
4^,000
62,979 40
533,970 40
Estimate of the probable annual receipts ami ex-
penditures founded upon provisions existing prior
to the present session of the legislature.
RECEIPTS.
Lands Doh. 100,000
Bank dividends 2 0.0 0
Tax on banks 20,000
Auction duties ... . 60,uoo
Tavern licences 30,000
Tax o" offices 8,: 00
Court fines 2,000
Miscellaneous 10.000
EXPENDITURES.
Rxpences of goverumeut . . •
Pensions
Proluible anmfel redundant revenue
430,000
130,003
in amount §280,000. A further account is in pre-
par;;*ion, and will probably be transmitted to Wash-
ington in the course of the ensuing- spring. If the'
treasury of the United States shall not be prepared
to meet our demand, I am authorized to accept of
stock.
I beg leave to remark that the appropriation to,
the Philadelphia prison, as stated in my an-
U'lal report, may be considered nominal, because the
inspectors have not complied with the terms upon
which the appropriation had been made, and I un-
derstand do not mean to comply therewith, and con-
sequently cannot take it up, and that the balance of
monies remaining' in treasury arising from tonnage
duties, as noticed in my annual report of 1814, has
by law become a fund for the payment of the salary
and contingencies of the office of the wardens of
the port, and can be drawn out of the treasury at a
rate no! exceeding1 §1,600 per annum; and although
tnis provision, \viil expire ou the 1st of April next,
it will in all probability, be continued until some'
other fund shall -be established for that institution..
I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your
To these statements I respectfully add the tbil»\v- most obedient servant, GEORGE BRYAN.
ing remarks in explanation of the grounds on which | T!te Aem Beaker of the senate of Pennsylvania,
they rest, viz.
If uur future receipts from hanks and auction du-
ik-s can be estimated f.-om what have heretofore ;;c-
oMied from those sources, my view will prove short
of the actual receipts. In the estimate of .receipts
for 1816 the amount assumed fur bank dividends is
about the usual annual sum — the receipts, however,
may be more than I state, because the half year's
dividend from the Pennslvania bank lately r<aceiv-
Legislature of Rhode Island.
GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE.
Gentlemen of the senate, and
Grntlemen of tlte IK.IISH of representatives.
I lay before you communications from several
of the state legislatures, on the subject of propo-
sed amendments fo the constitution of the United
,1VVL .v,,,^1,vl,,.^.,,., .„ ...„ ______ ...^.^ ...... ,. ^.,^ ^,,^^^.
ed r-, $90,000; in respect to auction duties, my es-{ States, which will, no doubt, receive your early at-
tunate is less than two-third; of last year's receipts tention and consideration ; and also the con1
timatei
therefrom, and on a view of the three years
pre-
eding 1815, (when the difference in the state of
trade is taken into consideration) it will not, I con-
ceive, be <k ,-atcil.
In respect to the probable expenditures in 1816,
I have assumed the sum of $140,000 to meet the
<::dis from the western turnpikes, more from a be-
lief that that sum can be conveniently spared, than
i,-.->ni a knowledge of the actual progress of these
yo-.uis; but I have understood that the denumds in
1316 cannot icach thai sum,
AVith respect to the estimate of the probable r.n-
nunl receinfs, founded on provisions exiting prior
to the present .session of the legislature, it will be
seen that the nv.ction duties are stated at §60,000,
being less than the average of three years previous
dence between the minister of Spain and the secre-
tary of st:i-:e, upon the demand made by the Span-
ish" government for the surrender of a part of Lou-
is i an a.
Since the conclusion of the Algerine war, in a
manner and on t?rms so highly advantageous :md
honorable to the United States, nothing has occur-
red to interrupt tiie public tranquility ; and it must
afford the highest gratification to all good men
that there is a prospect that the European world
nviy again return to the relations of peace. After
so many years of war and confusion, it may require
a long season of peace before our commerce and
navigation can be settled upon any permament ba-
sis ; but from the immense native resources of our
country, we may reasonably calculate upon the
u> 1815; the revenues arising from tavern licenses j gradual increase of n.itionul weidth and strength ;
heretofore charged with certain militia payments; land notwithstanding the weight of public debt and
under the provisions of 29th March, 1813, and being the pressure of unprecedented taxation, we may
ti i-»fO-(-V/"i?v\ VIM!! iM*al/l t;i 'ill rv.-riK iNi'it-ir '..i. o M /-\-T/-,/1 (^ li/\r\/-* tK-)1 nn^lAi*
r.ow free therefrom, will yield,
the full extent of the estimate.
n all probability,
And IP. respect to the expenditures under the
>e allowed to hope that, under a vigilant and fru-
gal management of aflairs, the days of prosperity
will return and be continued.
•-.:; tin Kite, I luive purposeiv kept out the pro- ; la the enjovmen I. of the blessings of peace, it k
bable payments on account of the appropriations for j io be hoped we may not forget the lessons of for-
turnpikes and oi ner improvements, in order io shew mer experience, nor the waut of preparation in
the clear surplus annual revenue over what arc con- ; which the nation was found at the commencement
*idered the ordinary expenditure;:. This surplus ' of the lute war. Our experience in that contest
revenue will, beside.-; leaving a handsome balance in luis taught us that our proper defence is a naval
the treasury to meet contingencies, (say 30,000 1 one, and it. ought to give us the high est satisfaction
dollM'S, admit of an expenditure of more t han \ to iiud that tin's truth iu very universally impressed.,
?JO per -ur.um in discharge of existing pledges
and a:> a provision for future appropriations; these
pledges will on the Isc December, 181( , (that i,->,
at\er deducting §150,000 provided thererbr
estimate) amount to about ^720,000.
my
Indecently of tl'.e foregoing statements and views,
our claims on the United' States may yield $300,000,
;v- (. hrtvj alrendv furnished an account exceeding
and that the general government
disposition to encourage and increa
has evinced a
increase the navy. In
all the measures which are proper for this purpose,
there can be no doubt they will be supported by the
approbation of the people.
The events of late years have produced such
changes and embarassments in trade and busine^
as have reduced marty citizens t<j -.\ *\?.\? «if I
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— CONGRESS,
45.
«ipt«v, and the effect is manifest in the encreascd shall be subject to removal from office by the pre-
,;-,r.r,f'ihr docket of petition, for the insolvent act. sident and both houses of congress, when, in then-
the public good will be promoted by re-
it in such cases, two-thirds of both houses
size of the docket of petition
As the public, business of the session is not consid-
erable, I hope the assembly will devote so much
time to the trial of these petitions as to relieve the
parties as far as possible, from the burden of pro-
tracted attendance.
The condition of the manufacturing establish-
opinion
moval; but in such cases, two-third
shall concur with the president in their removal, j
J, larch 8. Mr. Varnum, from the committee to
whom was referred the proposed amendment to the
constitution respecting- the mode of election of
ments of this state, in which se much capital and I electors and representatives to congress, reported
so many persons are engaged, excites much the same with amendments— which were read,
concern." His not, perhaps, in our power to extend j The resolution to amend the constitution, so as
any relief or to afford much encouragement ; but j to make the judges removable from office, was read
the general government having in charge the gen- 1 the second time.
erai weal, and the entire regulation of foreign com- The bill to amend the act for regulating th
merce, will take care of interests so important, office establishment, (respecting the compel
ic post
ic compensation
and will adopt such a course of policy as to place of post-masters, and to allow the members of con-
them on a stable foundation. They are truly a na- gress the privilege of franking during the recess)
tionil concern, and intimately connected with the was read a second time, and, on motion of Mr. WH~
prosperity of agriculture and navigation,
I' i.; verv desirable that the state should provide
son, referred to a select committee.
£ „_ The engrossed bill in addition to the act estabr
for the redemption of the balance of the old state | lishing the navy pension fund, was read the third
debt, and also' of the debt contracted in the late time, passed, and sent to the other house.
war; and I may be permitted to express a hope
that, as soon as the condition of affairs will justify
it, effectual measures may be taken for the accom-
plishment of this object.
Among other objects of importance which will
require your attention, none perhaps deserves it
more than our judicial system. From the increase
of suits, or from some defect in the system of our
courts, cases are often continued a long time on
the dockets, to the great hindrance of justice.
1 therefore recommend this important subject to
your serious consideration, that the inconvenience
complained of may be remedied.
It is a renewed occasion of gratitude and praise
to the Almighty ruler of the universe, that, since
the afflictive storm in September last, we have
been favored with a season of uncommon mildneas,
and that from this cause, and the general preva-
lence of health, our citizens have been enabled, to
The other business done will be mentioned in its
so great a degree, to retrieve, or repair
ihfiicted by that calamity.
the losses
We have dso an additional motive to gratitude and
progress.
March 11. Some progress was made in the bill
to make further provisions for military services. —
The bill to establish a law library for the use of
the supreme court, appropriating 5000g> for the
purpose, was ordered to a third reading.
The engrossed bill to extend the lime for de-
cisions, &c. on the Yazoo claims, was read a third
time; the blank filled with the first Monday of De-
cember next, Sec. and passed.
The amendment proposed to the constitution re-
quiring the election of electors and representatives
of congress to be made in all the states by districts,
was taken up; and the question stated on ordering-
it to a third reading — which, after some remarks,
i-us postponed until Monday.
The bill, providing fur the publication of the de-
cisions in the supreme court of the United States,
WHS considered, amended, and ordered to be en-
grossed for a third reading. [The bill proposes t»
allow to a reporter of the decisions of the supreme
thankfulness in the belief that there "is a gradual | court, or.e thousand dollars per annum, provided
improvement among us in morals and religion, and the said decisions be published within six months
• ,1 /. -I • . 1 _ "I ,' Tl IV_-_ ^.L' _ 1' .. ,. ~1. _ . 1 £ PA _ __•_
in the means of literary and moral education. It
becomes us to evince our gratitude for those favors,
by giving* all the aid in our power, both as legisla-
tors and private citizens, to promote and extend
these solid foundations of happiness and prosperi-
ty. These objects would be advanced by the en-
couragement of schools ; aod notwithstanding1 our
want of public funds, the exertions of individuals,
under the patronage of public authority, may huve,
iis they have already had, the most happy effects.
?«'ay all your deliberations be conducted with
candor and moderation, that justice may be done
between individuals, and the happiness and pi
happiness and prospe- a second time
after the adjournment each year, und fifty copies
thereof delivered free of charge to the secretary of
state, to be distributed as prescribed by the bill.*
The senate having no business before it, then ad-
journed.
March 12- After some time spent on a proposi-
tion bv Mr. Ruggles, to alter the location of a road
laid out from the foot of the rapids of the Miami to
lake Erie —
The bill from the house of representatives, to
change the mode of compensation of the senators,
delegates ami representatives in congress, was read.
rity of the community be extended und secured.
WILLIAM JONES.
Providence, Feb. 13, 1816.
CONGRESS
SKXATE-— JfarrA 7, 1316.
Mr. Sanford moved the
was read:
Mr. Taylor moved to refer the bill to the com-
mittee of finance, which, after considerable debate,
was negatived — yeas 9; nays 22.
The bill to establish a law library for the use of"
the supreme court, with the title being altered so
as to read "an act concerning the library of cou-
following resolve, which 1 gress," wasread a third time and passed. As was
I also the bill providing for the publication of the de-
Ji^sohed, That the following article be proposed ]ci»i
to the legislatures of the several states, as an
amendment to the constitution of the United States
— which, when r<atified by three-fourths of the said
legislatures, shall be valid as a part of the said
constitution, to wit:
The judges of all the courts of the United States
supreme court.
The biil to incorporate the subscribers to the Fe-
male Orphan Auylum of the city of Washington,
was taken up, by the casting vote of the speaker,
and ordered to be engrossed fora third re iding. —
[This bill was read u third time or. the lblio\viTi«:
day, and rejected-]
NJLE3- WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 1816.
For the M«-Mn»rs. Brown, Campbell. Chat-, HH..J, <••" I"'
* i>S""'
• Me Wtf-Me»srs. Bai-rj-, Riob, Comlict, D.
. tt, Golds-
1 ' N< "'
.
J/.-//-CA i.3. The ae'nate p-.-oceedcd to the consi-
deration, in committee of the whole, Mr. Y;irnum e » or te rei
in the chair, of the bill to change the mode of com- ' ' tir»e an
pens ition of the senators, representatives and
if any, are necessary to equalize the du-
ti< > on ;)ie capacities of stills, boilers, &c.
Tiie bill from the senate in addition to the act re-
specting the navy pension fund, was twice read and
referred.
The bill for the relief of Gustavus Loomis, was
I passed.
On motion of Mr. Loivndi-s,
o-stes in congress / VWr^/, Th.,t tin- C(,mmittee of ways and means,
° FThis bi'lf, it will be borne in mind, proposes to!.1 : e iilU> the expediency of « x-
drrno-e the rate and mode of compensation, from 6 tnipa-.i^ - om the payment of duties the parriaj^
doll-'i-s nor day during attendance, to 1,50J doiiars of lll.s excellency Mr. Gore, governor of the British
•pei- tinuin 1 province of Upper Canad-, who landed at Xe\v
\fter some time spent therein, several amend- ! York "nd P;issed through the state of New York in
ments proposed being rejected, the bill being re-! August Jast, on Ins way to his governs
po"' ed to the seivtte— ' lhe intervening orders of the day were then
Mr. Samlford moved to amend the bill, so as to postponed, and the house resolved into a comn.it-
Macon,
Wilson— 11.
.substitute a compensation of doiiars per day,
for the annual salary.
Mr. Caniiibdl opposed this motion; assigning,
•among the grounds of it, •: !'>n>ncc "01
travelling would be also increased by such an
amendment, though not proposed to be increased
by tiie bill from the house.
Tiie question on Mr. Samlford's motion was de-
cided in the negative — 23 to 10, by yeas and nays.
The question on ordering ihe bill to be read a
third time, was then decidtd as follows:
For the bill— Messrs. Barry, Bibb, Btown, Ca-iiji-.-lt., Conflict,
Daggett. Dana, Gaillard, Gore H:\r\n-i\ Horse;., How. II. Hunter,
£«cock, Mason o-i N. H. Morrow. Roberts, Talbot, 1'ait, Thomp-
son, Weils, Williami-aa.
Against the bill— Messrs. Chacr, Gpldsborough, Ki
Ilugglts, Sanford, Taylor, Ticli' -nor, Turner, Varnu
;,(;;-Sl. OF KKPllKSK.'.T-VilVs-.S.
Friday, March 8. — The engrossed bin to change
the mode of compensation to the members of con-
gress, was read the third time, and tho question sla-
ted, «' shall the bill pass ?"
The debate on this bill commenced on the ques-
tion of its passage, and continued until near four
o'clock. It was opposed by Messrs. Huger, Ross,
Stanford, Tucker, Gaston, Yancey, and Forsyth.
The bill was advocated bv Messrs. Grosvenor, li.-i
dolph, Calhoun, King of Mass. Wright, Hopkinson.
Culpejiper, and Sharp.
The question was then taken on passing the bill,
and decided in the affirmative as follows :
YEAS— Messrs. Alexander, Atln-iton, Baylies, Betts, Binlsall,
Bradburv, Bi-ftkenridgf, Hrown. Caihoun, Champion, Clwppd^,
Chipinau, Clarke N. C. Clark K. Clayton, Cteiideanin, C»,ulK-t,
Conner, Cooprr, Crt-ighron, Culpeppf-r, Dav< !>port, Gold, Gi-.isvt-
nor, Hardin. Heiidersoi*, Hopkinson. Hulbcrt, li \iiii? N. Y. Jackson,
Jewrtt, Johnson Ky. Kent, Km- Va- Knig Ms. Kii,s N. C. Law,
J,ovett. Marsh, 'Ma>iai»t, M'l^ an. K. M'Lt-an O. Mnkll»to:i, Mili«"i-,
M,)ois,Must ley, Nelson Ms. Nt .wjon, Noyts, Orniiljy, Parris. I'u-Ke..>,
Pickerint', Pitkiri, Ran«l«lph, Rwd, Ro^tl^»0ii, Sai-jffMut, iiavaj; ,
Sharp, Sheffry, Smith P. Siuiili Md. Su-,rus. Stu;
Tallmadw, Taie, Taul, Taylor S. C. Thomas, T.'.r
Ward N. Y. V,Yb.>u-r, Weiulover, Whcatoii,
\VootJward, Wriglu, Yatt-s— •:].
NAYS— Mi SM-i. Adgate, Baer, Harbour, Dassett, Battman, Ben-
lutt, BI<,unt,Boss, Biirusidf, Cannon, Cillry, Clonton, Curnstock
Ci-.i-.vt'«;rd, Crochvron, Cutlibi-rt, Darlington, Dtslia, BttVWd»4 For-
nry, Forsytli. Gaslou. Glasgow, GoUisborough, Goodwyn, Griffin
Hale, Hull. Ilaiinnond, JIu'.v, s, HnUrt' Hngt-r, Hung^rionl, liig-
fcttm. Johnson A'a. Lanptoit, Lr.-wi«, Love, Lowndes, Luinpkin
Stia-vs, Taggart,
p, Waru .Mr;.
\Vilson,
f, Lyon.
or)
Ma
Pi|>fr, lUot, Ross, Siiiitlj Vu
Mai-lay, Mason, M'Coy
Southard, Siaofidt], Slronir. 'Ia>Icr N. Y. Teltair, Townsnul
Tucker, Vose, AVailatr. \V:,i-o N. J. Whitt-side, Wileox, VVilik
. AVilkin, Williams, Willoughby, V/ui. Wilson, Yaiicey-67. A;id
**lhe house adjourrtcd.
Saturday, jWarch 9. Mr Jionnules from tiie com-
mittee of ways and means, reported a bill to repeal
the duties on household furniture ar.d gold and sil-
ver watches, a bill to abolish the exis, ing duties on
distillation, and to impose other duties thereon :
which bills were severally twice read and com-
mitted.
On motion of Mr. Ligham,
Itesol-ved, That the secretary of the treasury be
directed to report to next session of congress what
tee of the whole, Mr. Jlreckenridge of Virginia in
the chair, on the national bank bill.
Mr. Cadi] offered an amendment to prcvt -.•
establishttient of more than one branch of the bank
in any one state.
Ti;e motion was opposed by Messrs. Calhoun,
Bradbury und Wright ; and supported by Messrs.
Ctuly and Culpepper, and then negatived without a
division.
Afier some unimportant amendments, and the bill
having been gone through. — the question \\';;s sta-
ted on the committee's rising and reporting' it to
the house, when
Mr. Clay rose and delivered at length his senti-
mcni.s in f.vor of the bill, its principle and details.
A desultory debate followed, between Mr. Jack-
son, Mr. Clay, and Mr. Randolph, on one of two
points, of Mr. Clay's arguments— Mr. Randolph
touching incidentally on the bill itself. After
which —
The committee rose, reported progress, and
The uouse adjourned about 4 o'clock.
»\londay, JWarch 11. — After a good deal of minov
business, on motion «f Mr. Webater —
jffesolved, That it is expedient to provide by law,
for making the gold coins of England, France, Por-
tugal and Spain, and tiie crowns of France, parts of
•r-d currency of the United States, correspond-
ing with the intrinsic value of said coins, respeciive-
is, • nd that the committee en the national currency
be instructed to report a bill accordingly.
The speaker laid before the house a letter from
gen. AViiliam II. Harrison, soliciting an enquhy into
lhe expenditure of the public money within the o'h
r.iilitaiy district, while under his command; which
d, and referred to the committee on public
expenditures.
Soa.e business here intervened of too diffused and
uninteresting a character to require notice ut pre-
sent, and the house resumed the consideration of
die bank bill.
The house successively concurred in the amend-
ments of the committee of the whole, without ob-
jection, until it reached that which substituted the
sum of fifteen dollars as the second cash instalment
to the bank, instead of fvc.
Mr. Culhoun repeated the objections that he made
in the committee to this amendment, and moved
that the house disagree thereto, with the view here-
of ;cr of making the sum ten dollars.
After a few remarks from Mr. Smith, of Md. in
justiticatioiv of the amendment,
It was disagreed vo by the house.
The house then proceeded to that amendment of
Jie committee which restrained the government
f; om appointing more than three of Us div'.
from any one state.
N1LE8' WEEKLY REGISTER— CONGRESS.
47
This amendment was objected to in a few words
bv Mr Trlfat'r, and opposed also by .Mr. Robei Ison
of some length, who wished the clause restored to
its original state.
After a few remarks from Mr. Smith of Md. in
favor of the amendment, it was concurred in.
Tl«e next s/fltendment considered, was that which
added ihp word "native" to a clause of the bill, and
thereb; excluded from the direction naturalized
citi/-ns-
>Ir. Calhoun opposed the adoption of this amend-
ment, on the ground formerly stated; and Mr. Ran-
dolph again advocated it in a short speech; when
The "decision of the committee was reversed, an.d
the word "native" rejected — ayes 44, noes 67.
On motion of Mr. Webster, the bill was then so
amended, after a short discussion, in which Mr.
Smith, of Md. opposed the motion, as to make it
equal]', compulsory and penal on the bank to pay its
Stanford, Throop, Townsend, Wallace, Ward, N. Y.
rVilllaii.s— 34.
NAYS— Messrs. Alexander, Atherton,
Bloiuu. Boss. Hradbnry, BreckenrWgC
Condkt, Count r', Cooper, Cr/ighton, Culpeppi-r, Cmbbfit, Da-
•en port, Edwards, FOHHT, Gaston, Gholson, «•>!(!, Golihborotigb,
Griffin, Grosvenor, Half, Hanson, Hvirdiu, Hinders,.!.. Hcrh-Tt,
Honkinson, Hulbtrt, Huntrerford. Ligb*m, Irving:, N. Y. Jrwett,
"obnson,Va. Kent, K<-iT,Va. King Ms. Kn.gN. C. Langdon, La*,
,rwis Love. Lrm-tr, Lowndfs, Lumpki.i, Lyi, , Lyon, Marsh. Ma-
on, McCoy, McKet-, MtL-an. K. Mi;Ml ton, Mitowr, AT owe, Mose-
n spece
as its notes or bills.
W.'K-U the house arrived at the amendment pro-
viding' sancviojis for compelling the bank to perform
Its engagers en*
Mr. Wright made a motion substantially to strike
out the clause w:vich makes the charter forfeitable
in case of ru>n payment of specie, and thereby leave
only the penalty of paying 10 per cent, on their notes
if nor. so paid.
ite commenced on this motion, which con
tinuc't until near 5 o'clock, without a decision, when
the house adjourned.
Tuextlay, March
After a variety of business
Bacr, Barbour, Bassett,
Cad), Ciiilioii
"hampion. Cill. y,
Clark, N C. Clark. K. Clayton. Clendriu.in,
y. Murfree. Nelson Ms. Ni wton, Noy"s, Orm«by, Pickt rinpr, Pip r,
" i'S>ant, Slisrp*-, Smith Pa.
TflggBft, Tallmagt, THte»
Pitkin, Reed, Robertson, Ru
Luggles
-, Stun
unnecessary 10 notice at present — The house pro
Deeded to the order of the day — being1 the report
of the committee of the whole house, on the na
tional bank bill — the motion to strike out that par
of an amendment reported by the committee
which makes the charter fort ei tab ie for non-pay-
ment of its notes iii specie, being still under con-
sideration—
The motion to amend the amendment was agreed
to without a division.
Mr. Randolph then moved to amend the amend-
nK-,ii of the committee, by making' the interest de-
m -duhle on the notes of the bank, in case of refu-
sal to pay specie, twenty per cent, instead of ten.
W. ichwas decided in the negative — ayes 52, nays
70.
The house then proceeded with the remaining
amendments of the committee of the whole, tlie
consideration and decision on v/hich having been
completed —
Mr. Calhoun moved to amend the bill, by fixing
the amount of the second cash payment at *$10 in-
stead of 3, as is stated in the bill. Tiiis being agreed
to, and some other minor motions being disposed
«f —
Mr. Webster moved to amend the clause which
declares that the bank may sue and be sued " in at!
courts, whatsoever," by designating the state courts
— which was agreed to.
Mr. A'oof then renewed the motion he had unsuc-
Smith 'Md. Strata*, Strong
Taylor X. Y Taylor S. C. Telfiur, Thornm, Voie, \Vard Ms. Wtb-
ter. Wendover, Wheaton, Wilcox, Wilde, Wilkin, Wiltoughby.
rhos. Wilson, Wm. Wilson, Woodward, Wright, Yaucc-y, Yale*
-106.
fter some other propositions which were reject-
ed, Mr. Condict moved to change tl»e seat of the
hank from Philadelphia to New York.— Mr. Wright
proposed Baltimore. Mr.Condict's motion prevailed
— ayes 70, nays 64. Afver which other amendment*
were offered and rejected — one by Mr. Atherton to
ix the rate at which the 3 per cent, stock should
be received at 50 instead of 65 per cent, was under
consideration when the house adjourned.
Wednesday, March 13. After some other busi-
ness, the house resumed the national bank bill.
Mr. Atherton's motion, which lay over, was nega-
tived, 58 to 55.
The vote of yesterday to fix the seat of the prin-
cipal bank at New-York, was re-considered — for re-
consideration 81, against it 66; and the house re-
instated Philadelphia. Afver several other propo-
sitions, differently decided, the question on engross-
ing the bill for a third reading, was carried — ayes
82, nays 61; which, with other particulars may be
given hereafter.
Thursday, J\Lirch 14. Other matters being dis-
posed of, the bank bill was takeji up; Messrs. Web-
ster, Cadv, Stanford, Clopton, Hanson and Picker ~
jing spoke against the bill — and Messrs. Crosve-
nor, Hulbert and Calhoun in favor of it. The ques-
tion was loudly called for, and decided as folio'vsr
YEAS — Messrs. Adgate, Alexander, Atherton,
Haer, Betts, Boss, Bradbury, Brown, Calhoun, Can-
non, Champion, Chappell, Clark, X. C. C!ark, Ky.
Clendenin, Comstock, Conclit, Conner, Creighton,
Crocheron, Cuthbert, Edwards, Forney, Forsyth,
Gholson, Griffin, Grosvenor, Hawes, Henderson, lin-
ger, liulbcrt, Hungerford, Ingluun, Irving N. Y.
Jackson, Jewett, Ken* Va. King' N. C. *,ove, Lown-
des, Lumpkin, Maclay, Mason, M'Coy, M'Kee, Mid-
C'essfully made in committee of the whole, to rc-
dleton, Moore, Mosely, Murfree, Nelson Ms. Par-
ris, Pickens, Pinkney, Piper, Robertson, Sliarpe,
Suiit.h, Md. Smith, Va. Southard, Ta«l, Taylor,
N.Y. Taylor, S.C. Telfair, Thomas, Throop, Towns -
end, Tucker, Ward, N. J. Wer.dover, Wh^aton,
\Yilde, Wiikin, Williams, Wii" u^hby, Thos. Wil-
son, Wm. Wilson, Woodward, Wright, Yanccv,
Yules— 80.
NAYS — Baker, Barbour, Bassett, Bennett, Bird?--
all, Blount, Bi-eckenridge,!Jurnside, Burweli,.Cady,
Caldvveii, Cilley, Clayton, Clopton, Cooper, Craw-
ford, Culpepper, Darlington, Davenport, Desha,Gas-
ton,Gold,GokUboi oug'l;, Cioodwyn, Halm, Hale,i-Ially
duce die rate at which si?c per cent, stock is to be UJM
received in subscriptions to the bank, from par to ^ :l>
subscriptions to the bank, from pi
ninety per cent. Mr. K. repeated briefly his reasons
for .he movion, already stated, and Mr. Calhonii his
objections to it; when after some remarks in sup-
port of it by Mr. Ross.
Tiie question was taken and decided in the ne*
gativetsf -Hows ;
YEAS— Messrs. Adgate, Baker, Bcnnm, Belts, Birdsall, Brooks,
Buni«a>, C'ah'w.-JI. ciia;M)di, Clopton, Coinytock, Crawford, Crm-b-
ectoji, Dariinirtnii, l>e«lia, Hahn, Hall, Hainiuond, Hawes, Lvl»,
Mayraut, M'Lran, O. Rout, Uos>, Savage, Smith Va. " " ' '
, Hanson, tlardin, Herbert, Hopkmson, Johnson, or"
L:;!igdon, L:iw, Lewis, Lovett, Lyle.
l^yoi), Marsh, Alayrant, M'Lean of Ky. >,
< v i°> jVIilnor, Newton, Xoyts, Ormsbv, Pickering1,
Pitkin. Randolph, Reed, -loot, Ross, Uujfgles, Sai-
geant, Savage, Shefl'cy, Snuth cf i'a. Stz-.nt'jrd, Sur-
ges, Stearns. Strong, Taggart, TaSlnuige, Vro»c',
Wallace, \\"ard cf Mass. Ward of N. Y/Webstrr,
\VhitCbide, Vv'ilcox — 71.
So the bill was pushed, und sent to the senate for
48 NILES' WEEKLY ftFGTSTER-SA WRTUY,
16, 1816.
ClHiONICLF:;.
Mr. Pinkney declines the Russian embassy.
A new edition of capt Porter's elegant and inte-
rcs':ing journal of the cruise of the Essex, is about
to he published in New York.
There have recently been many valuable arrivals
in the United Slates from countries beyond the
cape of Good Hope: and many are duilv expected
D*AR srii— T received
16tn inst. i-.fb mi
ohn White, of Bucks count v, P,i. !:as
lately received a bounty of 59 dolls. 65 cents, for
kiting 17.90 crows!
Energetic s^n' mce. — The New-Hampshire
concludes an electioneering article with the follow.
roin:; reiu'Tk — "File condition O", >v('ic: (,o i
aa.-, granted liberty to .nan, is eternal vigilance."
The legislature of Virginia has closed a most
splendid session. Vast sums and resources have
been devoted to internal improvements, to schools.
and to other sub'ime acts of legislation. We -vi .'i
v/e hud room to notice the works of this enlighten-
ed body.
Inverted commerce. — V vessel was lately taking1 in
«i cargo of rice in a Went India port, for a port of
the United States!
.'»'/; ,-«V — 150,000 dollars are said to have arrived
at New-York on the 8th iu.st. from Nassau, N. P. and
Liverpool.
The coast of Cuba is much infested by Carthage
man privateers. A royal brig, of 6 guns and 125
men, was completely drubbed by one of them car-
rying1 i gun and ^6 men!"
The funeral of Mr. rHgbam, late a member of
congress, who died at Washington, w>,s attended by
i I ^ . "1 A^l."*l^^TrO *. U ~ l" 1 _ _ rf* '-I ^_
tlie president of the U. S. the heads of departments
and the members of the two houses.
Pennsylvania legislature. The bill to extend th
right ofsuifrage to every free person, "without rt
gar:l to his complexion," was lost in the house c
representatives by a large majority.
From the Albamj Argus. — It has been stated in th
Albany Register, we presume from misapprehen
slon, that the republican members of the legislatui
have nominated DANIEL D. TOMPKINS for the pres
dency. The article has been copied into most o
the newspapers, and has excited considerable ani
madversion. We have been requested to say, th
ruination of president was made in the meeting
alluded to. Some resolutions were adopted, una
nlmomly, e:;prc.'Hvc of the feelings of the meeting
0:1 this qu< f.onncctedwith an avowed in
tention to support the nomination which shouL
fiirly and ultimately be made at Washington.
TUB LATH Ma. U \YA7ui. from the Baltimore Pi,
tri'a. — The gratitude of a republic constitutes th
d-.icf reward of hs t'aiUiful and useful servants —
never should an opportunity be lost to manifest re-
spect for the able politician and honest patriot—
the memory of Mr. Bayard should be cherished by
this nation.
Extract of a letter from our minister, Mr. Russell,
at Stockholm, to one of his friends in Baltimore.
"From t'.ie bott HM of my he.-u-t, I condole with
you on the death of my worthy colleague, Mr. Ba\
ard. He wa,s indeed, a most honest and excellen
man; and although claimed by * party, he belonged
exclusively to his com. try. 1 consider his death a
a national calamity, . nd I personally feel, most ..» ,-
sioly his loss, for during my acquaintance with him
he ..aJ taken strong hold of my respect and affec-
tio.u"
J\fr. J°jfer:;'ri has decline- ' his appointment as ;>
4i;«ctor of public works in Virginia, in the follow
Jog letter lo U;cf^ovtrnor:
^ ^—,
it a duly io leave to younger bodies and
rvices which rcq.iire acuvity of either.
eb. 19,
esterday your favor of the'
.;; me ,)Kl, fe general asse-mbly
had been pleased io pp')V,t me one of the direc-
tors of the board of public ^orks recently insti-
tuted by them. The spirit witi, W' ich they have
entered on the great, -vorks of imr, ovemeiit and
public instruction, will form an iioiot!bie enoch
in tue his ory of our co:m<ry, and I sinceiojy 'wi^k
t;ie i- f Fee is of age permitted me to assist -^ the
execution ^pf their wise and salutary purpose^—,
Bur T feei
minds servces wch rcq.
Journies which should caii me from home at fixed
iines, would of' en find me unable to undertake
t-iem, and tlie absence of a member of such a boa:*d
vou Id give uneasiness to that portion of our coun-
ty vvit-i whose interests he would be supposed
-irticularlv acqu.anied and charged. I am very
th.'uikful to the legislature for this proof of ttieir
confidence, and hope my declining it will be imput-
ed to its true motive, and not to a want of zeal
iv'-.ich will never cease to pray for the udvance-
neni and prosperity of our country.
Accept the assurances of my high consideration
ind respect.
TH: JEFFERSOX.
Extract of a letter from Wm. Cobbett to a gentleman
in Philadelphia, dated
JAY. 5, 1816.
"I im very happy that you think I have done :iomc
ervice- o \merica, and still more to hear your ani-
n. ting description of her prosperity. If that coir
f tmue, and if her sons be wise, the despots, even now;
have done nothing as to the final accomplishment of
tiieir views. The fate of freedom is yet unknown
to them; and they seem to perceive it, and give
signs of tiieir fears, every time that America is
mentioned.
"You, who saw England so long ago, can form no
idea of the sort of government that we have now. —
The parliament of your time was a thing no more
resembling viiat of this day, than a Greyhound re-
sertibles a Hyena. No man of any sense ever feels
any interest in its proceedings. The affairs of the
conn fry are, however, drawing very fast towards a
M-isis. The war has left a loud behind it far more
langerous to 'he government, than any event of mere
war could have been. Pecuniary distress iias spread
consternation among all ranks. Every one has his
remedy, and all feur some great and terrible convul-
sion."— Press.
Resolution, requesting the president to present
mecUls to capt. Stewart and tlie officers of the fri-
gate Constitution —
solved by tht senate and house of representative^
if the United States of America, in' congress assent-
That the president of trie United States be,
he is hereby requested, to present to captain
'harles Stewart, of tiie frigate Constitution, a gold
neclal, with suitable emblems and devices, and a
ilver medal, wivh suiiuble emblems and devices,
o each commissioned officer of the said frigate, in
estimony of the high sense entertained by congress
•;' tiie gallantry, good conduct and services of cap-
in Stewart, his officer-; and crew, in tiie capture
f the British vessel., of war, the Cyane and the
^evant, after a brave and skilful combat.
H. CLAY,
Speaker of the ho i ;e of representatives'.
JOHN GAILLARD,
P •'.- de-it f t :e senate, pro tempore.
Feb. 22, IttlCi— AiTttorj&a,
<?AMES MADISON.
WEEKLY
No.
IP VOL. X.] BAL/nVIOHE, SATURDAY, MARCH 23, 1816. L<.V:!OLK .\o. 238.
Hotc oli in nn:miiiisfsc jttvnlnt. — VIUGIL.
riUVTEIJ AVI) l>ri!LISHr.l) WY H. XILP.S, COUXKR OF CCIKAPSI DK AND WATKH-STHKKT, AT §5 I'Xil ANNUM.
Another removal.
The oftce of the W-.KKLY REU-STHU is again re-
moved, and. no\v is at the Jfrat/ ';/' Chea^sl'k, within
a very short distance of the old stand. We are, at
las':, completely fixed — for the time being.
It is of no manner of importance that gentlemen
addressing- th e editor by rruSl, should designate the
place where the office is kept — but it h particularly
requested, to avoid mistakes (which perhaps it was
designed might occur) that his name, or ' Viies'
il~f"'.-lif Register" should be superscribed on their
letters.
The necessary attention to the removal of his
effects, together with the late severe occupation of
his time in a general exertion to get the accounts for
the WEEKLY ROISTER settled, and possess that
Which he lias so laboriously earned, have prevented
that devotion to the editorial department of the
paper usually bestowed upon it.
Man i! a' til res -very interesting.
To WILLIAM LOIVVDE*, chairman of the comraittee
of ways and means of the house of representa-
tives of the United States.
Respected Friend — Invited by the candor evinced
In some late conversations, on'the subject of manu-
factures— a subject in my opinion of vital import-
ance to the United States at the present time, 1
take the liberty of soliciting- thy attention tc a few
additional observations.
I am informed that the committee of ways and
means, to which was referred the tariff lately of-
fered to the house of representatives by the secre-
tary of the treasury, have before them a letter ad-
dressed by me to dim, dated at "Rokeby Cotton
Works, on Bramlywine, near Wilmington, Dela-
ware, 11 month 30," 1815." On this letter I wish to
submit a few expUna o:y remarks, for two reasons;
first, because I apprehend 1 have not been, in some
parts of it, sufficiently explicit to convey my ideas
with clearness: and, secondly, because I believe an
increase of knowiedg-e on the subject will enable
me to improve some of its details, without any de-
parture from its principles.
In my letter to the secretary, I have endeavored
to shew, from data on which I ruive full reliance,
the lowest terms on which the British manufacturer
could enter our markets with an article (chosen as
a fair average for general reasoning} equally substan-
tial with the same article made by the American
manufacturer, uiuler present circumstances — and
the lowest terms on which the latter manufacture
can bring such article into the same market.
On this equality of fabric was predicated my de-
tailed, comparison of the minimum cost of each
manufacture. The British 19 2-3 cents, and the A-
merican 24 6-10 cents per yard. The difference is
very nearly 5 cents, being more than 25 per cent. or.
the British cost. On tiie same idea of eouulitij oj
fabric, was also predicated a scale of specific du-
ties, in my said letter, submitted to the considera-
tion of the secretary I mean now to examine more
closely, and to offer some explanations of this seal
From a cost of 6d to 15d sterling1, the proposed spe-
Vtu, X.
cific duty varies f om 14to6 cts. per yard, assuming
7 8 yard, as a medium-width. The' mean of these
rates is 8 cents per running- yard, and 9 cents per
square yard — which is 46 2-7 per cent on 19 4-9 ds.
the medium cost; or if the minimum cost (for the
purpose of calculation) be taken at 25 cents, the
rate of duty proposed in that sc..le will be J6 per
cent. Combining-, with the preceding- part of he
proposition, the recommendation of 20 percent iri
the concluding' p:irt from a cost of 15d to JJd srlg.
per yard, a mean of the whole proposition will be
found to be 26 2-5 per cent, ad valorem. A 'd if
the whole of my proposition be not taken in con-
nexion, I cannot own a part of itns mi:.e,
The only modifications I would make in the de-
tails of my letter to the secretary are: in the state-
ment of cost to the British manufacturer -he price
of the raw material at Manchester should be'.<Mg-
mented from 12 7-lOd to 14 1-25 per Ib. and tne
expence of manufacturing- proportionally diminish-
ed, yielding- the same iinal result, 19 2-3 cents per
yard.
The comparison, however, as founded on equality
of fabric*, does not give the most correct and prac-
tical view of the subject. It is rather what wmiM
be than what ;*. It is the practice of the Bri'ish
manufacturer, from a dexterity and skill acquired
by long experience and division of 1 .bor, to make
a fabric very beautiful and imposing to the eye, of
yarn No. 20, every pound of which produces 4 rds.
at least, which will cost him, clear of duty, but 17
cents per yard, in Philadelphia, when the price of
cotton is 2'J cents per Ib. in Savannah.
It is the practice of the American manufacturer
to make a more substantial and durable fabric, of
yarn \To. 20, producing no more than 60 yards from
17 Ibs. vv'iicli will cost him 25 cems per yard, in
Philadelphia, when the price of cotton is 20 cent1*
per Ib. in Savannah.
The cost to the American manufacturer of
a substantial and useful cloth is, pel-
yard 25 cents
The cost to the British manufacturer of a
beautiful and highly polished cloth is,
per yard - - 17 cent?
The difference is, per yard - 8
Unless there be imposed on tins foreign fabric-
as much duty as will make it cost the importer 2S
cents per yard, the American manufacturer will not
lie protected effectually. A specific duty of eight
cents per yard, a duty ad valorem of more than* 47
per cent, or if the minimum cost (for the purpose
of calculation) be taken at D5 cents, 32 per cent
\'ill be iirreysary far that ''fi-ct.
In the proposed tariff, the duty is stated at 3-3
1-3 per cent — the difference of 1 1-3 per cent be*
tween this and the preceding result of my calcula-
tion, it is a very small allowance for the possible
evasions of revenue which may take place, notwith-
standing the most careful les.nslat.ion on the sub-
ject: So that I consider my letter, to which I have
alluded, when closely examined in all its parts, to
be in complete harmony with the proposed
In that letter T hare suid—
D
50
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 23,' 1816.
"It will require some years, I apprehend, to dis-
sipate prejudices — for the generality of consumers
to Ic.u-n to prefer, at a superior price, the substan-
tial usefulness and durability of ours, to the beau-
t ; of the British manufacture.
"Under the present high price of labor, and the
small experience, both in the fabrication of our ma-
: v und in the economy of using" them, T be-
lieve we cannot make good cotton cloth, of the
mon width, from three-quarters to a yard, for
less than 2.5 cents pev yard, without any profit; 1
v/nuld, therefore, calculate all cotton goods, the
invoice price of which should not exceed 10, ul
sterling per yard at 25 cents, and the difference
between this amount and the amount of the invoice,
s iM;ild be duty. At this point ! would aim, in fix-
«.:.: -.i. rate of duty either ad valorem or specific."
"Let us extend our views to that state of things
when our mann Pictures, through the fostering care
(jf a liberal government, during their infancy, shall
gaiii their proper station in the scale of great na-
tional interests — whtn we may supply our owi
wants from our own resources — be independent, \\
an exemption from a vexatious foreign influence
operating- through our necessities — happy, in an ex-
emption from many sources of war — and rich, in :.n
exemption from the debt which always follows in
its train. Then manufactures will be a fair object
its
of revenue.
A rumor has gone forth, that, as an agent of ma
nuf'ictures, I have, in the letter already alluded to
expressed an opinion, that a duty of 20 per cent, ac
valorem imposed on cotton goods imported, wouk
be sufiicient protection, and that I asked no more
than 20 per cent. Jieli^ving, as I do, that a tho
rough examination of my said letter will not war
rant such a construction — and knowing that such i:
not my opinion, Tarn unwilling to meet the conse
fpences of such an impression on the minds of m}
fellow-citizens. I confess I am not, nor do I wish
to be, insensible to the esteem and approbation of
my countrymen; and I verily believe that the time
is at hand, when the people of the United States
will not. applaud hi.s wisdom who has directed his
exertions to paralyze, wound or destroy manufac-
turing establishments. Fluctuating and temporary
expedients would paralyze them; parsimonious
measures might wound them; and withholding the
shield of legislative support would destroy them.
Nothing will afford them sure foundation, short of a
the principle of
ng to rival nations
seamen, but, like Sampson, shorn of his locks, we
should talk and lament in vain — or like Esau, starv-
t he midst of plenty, sell our birth-right, in-
dependence, for a mess of pottage.
The eastern and middle states would f<rst feel
the effects of the paralysing venom, the western
states nn.rt — and, lastly, though with equal cer-
tainty and in speedy succession, the southern states
would fall victims in common to the general di-
ise. In the body politic, its first symptoms will
be — a morbid circulation — a weakened cohesion of'
parts — diverse attractions — topical fevers — pros-
tration of strength: And its end — Shall I finish the
picture?— dissolution! We have noiu in our power
the means of prevention —
"Principiis obstn, sew mrclicina paratnr,
'Cum mala per lorigus convaluere moras."
If \ve guard not effectually against its first occur-
rence, the disease may become epidemic, and me-
dicine may, indeed be too late! This warning, it is
true, is given by a simple private individual — yet,
his warnings flow from his honest convictions —
he titters them with freedom, but with respect.
** Wisdom cricth in the streets." — I allude not
to the voice of a few associated maniifartwcra^ -
nor of a few associated merchants — but to the voice
of the peop
awakened
If. The great agricultural classes are
to their interests, they are disposed to
look beyond the present moment
This voice has been
bold, candid and decided policy,
which should be obvious^ speakini
?i language not to be misunderstood — a steady dc-
tt'inninatirin to accomplish its object. This wise
course would at once reduce our rivals to a for-
lorn hope,- otherwise their attacks will be unceas-
ing, diversified, often masked, and directed witi
an ingenuity in selecting weak points, and a skil
in the process, of which few of us can now have
an adequate conception.
If we seek solely in Foreign countries a markc
for our surplus provisions and raw materials, an1
from them a supply of our wants in manufacture*:
articles, the govern tnent of those chantries will re
gulate our markets both out and in., as will •>.
their own views; they would noi, prebaps, :•
to drive us suddenly \o the verge of bankruptcy, les
we should start iVom the brink of the precipice
and, with a bold ai.d violent effort, regain our en
ergy; but '*iey would gradually regulate us into
poverty and weakness — establish a deleterious in
fluence, which, like a sure but slow poison, wouk
steal through r.!l 1he veins and arteries of society
We rnigjit then tfilk of revenue and commerce, and
already heard, in gentle whispers and in divers pla-
ces—it will soon become general, loud, clear, and
imperative : and although my contribution may be
but a single mite, I, for one, wish not to be found in-
attentive or disobedient to its behests.
Let not even the cotton -grower sleep on his post,
in the hope that he will be able to obtain a foreign
market and a good price to the extent of his increas-
ing crops and commensurate with his wishes. I
have no doubt he would soon find this a treache-
hope, however fair the prospect. Bourbon •
cotton has, for experiment, been planted in British
sulia — the experiment has completely succeeded ;
and Britain may soon derive a full supply of good
cotton from her own colonies and dependencies— she
vill then take ours, or not, as may best suit her
nvn convenience. But suppose Great Britain should
:ake all our cotton (we manufacturing none) in
consideration of our receiving payment for it in h>
•nannfacturfs — and suppose there be raised annually
n the United States 350,000 bales, or 100,000,000
Ibs. of cotton wool ; she would, having the market
in her own control, p.-obably not give tor this, more
than 10 cents per Ib. or 10,000,000 dollars— she
would want nothing from the eastern^middle, or west-
ern states, except perhaps a little tobacco. From
one tenth part of this cotton wool, she will make
•< 0.000,000 yards of cloth, which, (at the average
price of 2.5 cents per yard at least) will be returned
iii full payment for the -whole crop.
I believe the primary point is generally establish-
ed— it has become public opinion — that it would be
sound policy to the government of the United
States to protect their manufacturing establishments.^
It remains, therefore, oidy to settle the quantum of
protection. My opinion is, that, although lea.-> than
is proposed in the tariff might possibly sustain thern^
— less would not do it with certainty. The tar if!
is yet but a proposed experiment — it appears to
me" very important that the experiment be fairly
made. ' Should too small a protection be hazarded,
although there could be no doubt of the honesty
of opinion from which the measure proceeded, the
object may be lost— lost, never to be regained— how-
ever obviously the loss might then appear to be fa-
tal to our prosperity. But should the protection
N1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER—
SI
granted prove, on trial, to be more unin vuJteieiU —
Hone of its consequences covikl he injurious. It
might be diminished or regulated as rr/;
would direct. Internal competition would sunn
reduce to its minimum the price of the manufactur-
ed article — the greater and morn certain die pro-
tection, the sooner could this reduction take place
— and this minimum would probably be as low as, if
not lov/er than, the price of similar imparted goods.
I have addressed tliee with freedom and with
candor. I hope if. will be considered as a tribute
of respect; and received with equal candor from
thy friend,
ISAAC B1UGGS.
Washington City, 3 mo. 12, 1816.
Legislature of Louisiana.
GOVERNOR'S SPEECH.
JFellow-cithenti of the senate,
and of the house of Representatives,
The happy change in our affairs affords cause
of sincere and mutual congratulation.
The war which raged with so much fury when ]
had Ust the honor of addressing you, has terminat-
ed in an honorable peace. The people, reposing ii
pafety, have with the cheering prospect of protract-
ed prosperity, resumed their various pursuits. Pend-
ing an arduous conflict between two great and pow-
tckiiow.e''.;"e-.t. The patriotism which there
itions veeu/d, cannot fail to be an object of einu-
with posterity, and in periods of difficulty
ind danger, a great and strong incitement to union,
vaior and exertion. It is incumbent on me, gentle-
nen, to inform vou of the execution of such of vour
icts as required" my immediate agency. By virtue
of your resolution of the. 14th of December, 1814, 1
advanced, on the order of the officer commanding1
the 7th military district, tl ie sum of sixteen thous;;r..l
line hundred dollars, which were expended on for-
tifications destined for the defence of this suite. Of
the momes placed at my disposition,, under your
resolution of the 15th of the same month, for the
promotion of tlie naval service, on this station, six-
teen hundred and eighty dollars were distributed
in bounty to seventy brave seamen recruited in <hi,-
city, and who, composing the greater purt of th-
crew of the United States' ship Louisiana, did, un
der the direction of their gallant olh'eer?, so honor'
ably distinguish themselves in the defence of this
capital.
In conformity to the "act for the relief certain
persons therein named," and the "act to provi.le fof
tlie wants of persons wounded in service," i iuv>
with the sincerest satisfaction caused to be punctu-
ally paid iu stipends allowed to the parents^ \vido<.v%
and children of imlirid'i-als of the militia of this
state, killed in action; uncl placed on our pension
list other.? disable,! by their v/ounds from obtaining*
a livelihood by labor. The number is much less,
| considerably, than we had reason to anticipate, and
erful nations, it was not to have been expected that
•either should have been exempt from great suffer-
ings That so many of our brave defenders have i
fallen must excite the deepest regret — that so many) is another proof of the goodness of the Being,
were spared for the support of their government i whose hands rests the fate of men and nr-.tions. *
and country, should awaken anew our gratitude to j shall lay before you u list of the names of person/,
the beneficent Deity, under whose favor the Ameri-j thus relieved, with the evidence on which the re-
can republic was formed, and in times of peculiar spective pensions \vere p-anted, and I c-'rnot avoir!
distress strengthened i»nd preserved.
expressing a wish, that provisions so honorable to tlie
Pacific as the policy of the United States has been, state, and acceptable to the worthy objccvs of it.-*
•and may always remain, I trust they will never be Justice, may be continued.
found wanting in the will or the power to repel ag-| It is known to you, gentlemen, that on
gression. The issue of the late war lias amply de-
veloped the energy and great resources of our coun-
sJtion of major-general Jackson, acting under the
.••ty of the president, I did in tbft laic-
try. It has also abundantly proven, that the spirit emergency, order into the service of the union the
of our fathers has descended to their children, and; militia of this state, and that durir.g the continn-
that the great blessing of independence will be main- 1 ance of s<:ch service trie v:hoie remained out of mv
tainecl with no less courage than was displayed in i control. 1 UIA a\vi..-e that my conduct in this re^pecv.
its acquirement. Reflections so consoling to an i with subsequent events, in which T eitli*'- had, <.'•)'
American breast, naturally leads the mind to the
contemplation of the scenes which lately passed
wL'.hin our view. Tlie distinguished services of the
army and navy in repelling the rude invaders of
Louisiana, will long be hoiden in grateful recollec-
tion, nor can we too highly appreciate the valorous
deeds of our western brothers, who in defence of
this section of the union so cheerfully encountered
privations, fatigue and danger. That the citizens
of our state likewise eminently contributed to it.-,
safety, ivill at all times be admitced by the just and
impartial. The congress of the United Sunes "en-
tertaining a high sense of the patriotism, zeal and
coo i- ge which animated the whole population of
Louisiana," have declared and proclaimed, "that
the brave Louisianians huve deserved well of the
whole people of the United Suites." Honored wiJ>
being made ihe medium of conveyance to mv fellow
citizens of so inestimable a tribute '..o tueir merits,
ened to give it immediate publicity. I neve; -
theless slull embrace an early occasion to Liy be-
fore the representatives of the suite -.. copy of the
original resolution, in expectation tha.. bei:1.
ed amo!i£ the public arci fives, i v. ill rev.u'in f-,i-
jpermanent
Illustrious examples iias every u litre been seeu and
was supposed to have had .'tn agency, has
th e subject of much severe a&iinftd^eftion. Ti i- not
easy to limit the influence of calumny and •
presentation, and therefore it is vcrv probable that
iiMpiv.-ssio;is to my i'^o.v iv oted
ii.it if there, is an honest man in this state, or els*.
where, who supposes that 1 would shrink fn;i
investigation of any charge which cwiM be exhibii
ed, or appi-ehenu aught from the result of such in
vestigation, !"-• hvtie }-:now» ft'iv strongly I ;un for-
tified in csr.;-;c: ./:::; rcc'itude. As rcg-axls 0111
tia, gentlemen, the total uu.nVn- Vv\ts not i»:or« '..\\n\\
equal, witli the succor -received in time f;om !,<
sister sfat.es, to ,re;:ei the invasioH. This niiiuui
weveb.;*ly armed, ;-.r,d destitute «f camp equipage^
aiui mur<Li<»ns of war. Funds to procure tiie^e ue-
cessarv supplies were not ut my disposal, nil'.-'
i;ad I use v..'jaiis of providing for their rnn:
tion, snbsisience and p..y. To h ,ve rriai.ied thr
it have urelMV-d o'-edieiice to th''
:11 the e5pei!di,;tre3 on uc
1st haV'- ;\C(1 In
call; and in that case
count of our miiiti.-i n
.the state, conformably to vhe ])rir/
by the war ilcpui\mc::it,
stand tiiem. '
penditures :.
as I did a:^d do yei under-
stand tiiem. !'v juftt'rig the requisition these ex-
. n the United Stat
tates- H
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 23, 1816.
ri part of the militia have been paid off, and
he tiis-'.ppointed if the claims of the rest are not
•v,;<>n <i;.-,charged with all the good faith which cha-
racterises the general government. A call on an
'.ndivHual state for its quota of any number of a re-
quired militia force, apportioned under the orders
shall trymen to respect the authority of the laws, ana
cautions them " to resist the spirit of innovation,
however specious the pretext, and to permit no
change by usurpation ; for althougk this (says the
illustrious patriot) may in one instance be the in.
strum ent of good, it is the customary weapon by
of the president, among the several states, is a
common occurrence. An obedience to it would al-
be considered by me as a duty imposed by the
constitution and laws. A demand on a state for its
v.-h')!e force cm seldom happen. It perhaps will
never be made on a state strong in population, and
rich in resources. ISlio-iid it occur, the governor,
iinclii.g him«e;.-i' enabled in any emergency to move
ili'da v/iih dispa'ch and effect, may be permit-
ted to deliberate before he surrenders the whole of
that force, entrusted to him far the maintenance,
VvMthm ids o-wn state, of good order, and the supre-
vih.r.v of the laws. But 1 was without any grounds
i -ii ai Ion, and the more readily placed our whole
ir.ilitia in 'lie :,cn ice of tire United States, under a.
conviction that they would in consequence be
,-ht to the field with more promptitude and'ef-
• . For such individual distress of feeling as
have- resulted, I hive found an ample vt-eom-
pence in tK triuir.phs of my country, to which the
'<;te, lyhcrc I have lung presided, so
greatly a;.h:d.
.during your recess,- gentlemen, I have received
the governors of Massachusetts and Connee-
, i . ; t;-.i;i amendments proposed by the icgisla
lines of those states to the constitution of the Unitet
fitutcx. They shall be submitted to you, and whe
ther all or any of them be desirable, will be a sub-
ject of serious enquiry. This constitution is the re-
sult of the labors of as virtuous and enlightened an
assemblage of statesmen, as our country ever wit-
nessed. It was afterwards submitted to the inclivi
dual states, and after the fullest discussion adopted
1 v all. in an era pregnant with revolutions, innova
lions and change ; amidst a scries of difficulties inter
r.al and external, war without, embarassment within
the great men who have administered this constitu
lion, have maintained us in prosperity, independence
:i:id liberty. — What stronger proofs could we require
of its many excellencies? nevertheless, like even
wther work of man, it has no doubt some imperfec
tions — Such the nation can remedy at its will. But
uiit.il thai high tribunal decide, let us not touch
•Is, v/ hat \ve may suppose to
bet!. this j-'/reat bulwark of our
— liix:it as is the cause
itrloiic ^.vuitatioii on the glorious defence oi
. — (Jratcful as we must all feel for the
rescue of this capital from capture, rapine, and
perhaps coiiib.gration, 1 shall never cease to regret,
that it was accompanied and succeeded by the
prostration of a part of our laws and civil authori-
ties, f know this is justified on the plea of necessi-
ty, and apparently to the satisfaction of the nation.
.:ot .suppose that any opinions of mine will ir
the least aij'cct the public sentiment— they would
iblyhave no other tendenev than to raise the
lions t;f the intolerant of the prevailing
lint I shall not hesitate to say, that if at
any ill. -td with complacency to the cloc-
of doing i vil that good might come from it,
t:.al tfc .;ified the mct.ns, I am now convi;)-
',.-.{ the admission of this principle into affairs
•;•->' prove 5:iva:,ivc: of the rights and dc-
to' the happiness of a free people. Yes,
. i-iy t-\uerience in Li-nusumn.i, nas tauglu
me how to reverence and (.-.it-mate the sage advice
of ;!.„ great^Washington, y.ltc:i he wges his coun-
which free governments are destroyed — The prece-
dent must always greatly overbalance in permament
evil, any partial or transient benefit, which the use
can at any time yield :"
On turning your attention to the usual objects of
legislation, you will find much encouragement from
the present undisturbed, prosperous condition of
our commerce and agriculture, and the consequent
increase of the wealth and resources of the state.
I have long regretted that our code should not fur-
nish a regular system of bankruptcy. A system
which, whilst it makes no encroachment on the
rights of the fair trader, or subjects him to any
unnecessary restraint, may preserve the interest of
creditors, and defend unfortunate debtors from op-
pression; which shall enforce the due accountabili-
ty of those to whose care the bankrupt's estate is
committed, and prevent its being swallowed up bv
the charges of lawyers, clerks and notaries — and
late become apparent. With the return of pc
and the state of security, in which this great and
growing city must now be considered as placed, no-
thing- can prevent its commercial splendor from
equalling our fondest wishes, provided our laws and
our municipal regulations be such as to inspire con-
fidence, and insure to the stranger, the sojourner
and the citi;? en, protection of his person and pro-
perty, mid the speedy and ample redress of all
wrongs.
The criminal code was on a former occasion men-
tioned as defective, and is again recommended to
jour consideration — 1 cannot forbear remarking,,
that, in many cases, the punishment bears noneov
little proportion to the offence In providing against
crimes, we should never lose sight of the princi-
ple, that preventive justice gives most dignity to
the state, and when, for the sake of example, pun-
i.ihment mustjbe inflicted, its certainty an.d celerity
mare than its severity, are likely to produce the
desired effect.
The receipts of the treasury for the preceding
year, have enabled me to meet the current expenc-
es of the government and to make to the Louisiana
Hank a pa) in ent of 15,000 dollars, on account of the
sum due by the state to that institution — A balance
equal to all immediate demands remains in the
treasury — 1 believe the present taxes will very
soon produce a fund sufficient for the extinguish-
ment of the whole debt of the state, and I indulge
the pleasing hope, that the day is not distant, when
such of the impost as bear more heavily upon the
people, may be reduced. In the mean time, gen-
,1, and at all times, I trust our fiscal resources
may prove amply abundant to continue your liberal
stem of public education, left us
by t.'iC ia;,t territori'd government. It is true, that
it has not been attended with the success which its
patrons anticipated— the war damped the pro.--
.'.ot only of the college of Orleans, but •
of the primary schools. But the return of
peace wijl viH-uity favor the industry of the planter,
ihe merchant arid the mechanic, and we may ration-
ally hope that no citizen, who.i;e means allow it,
will withhold from his children, the opportunity of
acquiring thut instruction, which best iits them-
N1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER— NEW-YORK FINANCES.
58
for (he enjoyment, the exercise and the protection'
government of laws gua-j
fff t!iose rights which
rantees.
There are several objects of more local concern,
whicli will not escape your observation. Among
these, the revision of the laws which relate to the
levees or dykes of the Mississippi, will no doubt be
deemed important. You know how seriously the
settlements on that river are menaced by its annual
schools, and for the promotion of literal u-e, ir^ as
follow
The debt due from the president, cl',.
rectors and company of the bank of
New-York,
Three per cent, stock of the United
States,
608 shares of the capital stock of the
bank of America
81,262,091 45
2-33, 177 3
rise, and the loss and destruction of property which
100 do. do. New-York,
are the consequences of the overflow of its banks.
100 do. do. Albany,
On this subject, it is a fit matter of enquiry, how
600 do. Farmer's Bank,
30,000
far it may be proper to define by law tiie bed of the
3000 do. New-York State Bank,
150,000
Mississippi, and to prevent by severer penalties
1000 do. Manhattan Company,
50,000
than those which now exist, any obstructions to that 2000 do. Mechanics' and Farmers'
great highway.
Bank,
30,000
In this moment of tranquility, I earnestly entreat
2000 do. Mi.-lrllc district Bank
50,0000
you, gentlemen, not to omit the precautions es-
1000 do. Bank of Newburgb,
5,0,000
sential to our future safety. The great scarcity of
2000 do. do. Trov,
16,000
arms was very recently cause of serious concern. —
1000 do. do. Lansingburgh,
6,000
We should, therefore," add annually to our present
Balance on the loan of 17<>6
63,490
45
limited supply; and to this end, I recommend libe-
Loan of 1792,
500,000
ral appropriations. As on the past, so in any fu-
1808,
45,000
ture emergency, we must be indebted in part to
Loans to individuals, 8cc.
45,000
13
our own exertion for security, the militia system j Bonds and mortgage.; 'for the cor,.-,i-
should therefore be carefully revised, and given j deration money of lands sold,
590,634
33
ail the perfection of which it is susceptible. We 50 shares of the stock of the western
know not how soon the patriotism, the valor of our
inland lock navigation company,
1 An nK»«. , ^£ *i. ~c ,. t .. _i_ _ /* j* fV
99,000
countrymen,may again be put to the test — the world
is still in a state of great perturbation. The in-
terposition of that Omnipotent Being, "who to gra-
cious ends directs the storm," may, indeed, give
to suffering humanity lasting repose. But from
our past experience of the policy of foreign nations
we can derive no assurances that our country will
long be permitted to enjoy the culm of peace. We
have seen a great nation, famed in sciences and in
arms, succumb to a foreign force, and the allied so-
vereigns disposing at will of its lands, and the
fruits of its industry. The fate of France is a warn-
ing not less imposing than the holy writing on the
wall, of the fall of every people who become the
prey of divisions, parties and factions. Whatever
difference in political sentiment may exist among |
Americans, the operations of our representative
government, conducted as they will be by modera-
tion and forbearance, must, £ am persuaded, pro-
duce harmony and conciliation. Whatever jealou-
sies have, or may arise among- the several states, tiie
interest of each invites to a rivalsliip on one ground
— a rivalship in placing her militia on the best pos-
sible footing, and when the occasion demands, in
making the greatest exertions for the protection
of the whole. confederacy. Let this spirit, gentle-
men, influence your councils; let it be cherished
throughout the state, and Louisiana will acquire :v
pre-eminence of character which shall inspire the
100 shares of the stock of the Seneca
lock navigation company,
Bond of the mayor, aldermen and com-
monalty of the city of New-York,
for balance clue on the government
house and lot,
Loan made to the commissioners for
improving the navigation of Hud-
son's river, between the villages of
Troy, Lansingburgh and Waterfbrd,
Loan made to the United States to pay
the militia of tins state,
Loans made to the sufferers on the Ni-
ugaiv tVouticr,
30,000
r,ooo
350,000
12,150
Dollars, 4.799,302 TO
To which may he added about seven hundred and
eighty thousand acres of unappropriated lands.
The funds have been augmented during the last
year, 53,521 37-100 dollars, by three per cent,
stock of the United States, taken in payment of
arrears and commutation of quit-rent; 22,600 45-100
dollars by mortgages taken on various lots sold
by the commissioners of the land office to the occu-
pants, and by the attorney-general under former
mortgages; 350,000 dolls, by a loan to the United
States, for the payment of the militia of this state,
pursuant to the act entitled "yn act authorisinv the
greatest confidence at home, and the highest re- 1 comptroller to loan to the general government ;
spect abroad.
New-Orleans, Jan.
WM. C. C. CLAIBORNE. I sum of money sufficient to
5,1816.
Finances of New- York.
COMPTROLLER'S ANNUAL REPORT.
State of ^Yd-.v-York, Complro'/er's Office.
The comptroller, in obedience to the directions
of the act entitled "An act relative to the office and
pay off the rnilitia of
! this state who have been ordered into tiie service
of the United States, and for other purposes," pass-
ed 17th March, 1815; 12,150 dollars by loans to
that amount made to the sufferers on the Niagara
1 frontier; 7,500 dollars by investments in the slock
of the Seneca lock navigation company; and 6,500
dollars by loans made to tiie county of Clinton and
town of Stratford; making a total augmentation of
451,331 83-100 dollars.
During the same period the funds have been di-
minished as follows: — 11,104 4-100 dollars by the
foreclosure of mortgages on hinds in sundry tracts,
and 39,313 55-100 dollars by the payment of that
duties of the comptroller of this state," has the
honor to submit to the honorable the legislature the
following report.
FUNDS.
The funds of the state, exclusive of those appro- 'amount of principal of the debts <!ue to the state .
pviated for the us-"* and fncourasremcnt of common | making in ail a diminution of 50)417 53-1*00 dollars
KILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, MARCH 23, 1816.
HEVKKOE.
The annual r^enue of the state, exclusive of that,
destined for the encoaragment and support of com-
mon riciioirfs, and for the promotion of literature,
iir- foe the present be estimated at 952,476 42-
10'- dollars, arising from the following sources:
Interest on the debt due from the
b,ip> or' New-York 75,725 48
Three per cent, stock of the United
States, 24,995 31
Loan of 1786, 3,519 93
Loan of 1792, 32,40')
l/>ai> of 1808, 26,94456
Loans to individuals, Sec. 2,978 68
Uond and mortgages for lands sold, 35a43b" 04
'Dividend:-; on bank stock, exclusive of
surplus profits, 42,624
Dividends on the western inland lock
navigation company 2,760
Duties on sales at auction, 120,000
Fees of office to be accounted for by
the secretary and surveyor-general, 500
Onondaga salt springs, 4,000
.!{,-•< i oT 1 .nds leased, 620 02
Quit, rents, 7,000
Fees for pedlars' licences, 300
i merest on the bf>nd of the corporation
of the city of New- York, 1,8000
Interest on arrear of taxes 4,000
the loan to the United States, 21,000
do. to the sufferers on the Nia-
gara frontier, 870
'iVobable amount of receipts on ac-
count of the state tax, 545,000
Dollars, 952,4/6 52
The revenue has suffered a decrease during- the
last year ftf 4,145 -17-100 dollars, in consequence
of the diminution of the principal due on the bonds
and mortgages taken fbr lands sold; 4,720 on the
estimate of the dividends to be i^ceiveu on bank
stock; 3000 dollars in the supposed produce of the
Onondaga salt springs; and 150 dollars on account
of rents of lands leased, making in the whole a de-
crease of 9,015 40-100 dollars.
Meanwhile the revenue lias been increased
1,805 64-100 dollars, by dividends 10 be received
on account of the three per cent, stock of the Uni-
ted States, taken in payment of quit rents; 6,369
p6-100 dollars, by reason of the addition to the rate
<>f the interest hereafter to be paid on the loans of
3786 arid' 1792, and on loans to individuals; 66,000
dollars in the supposed produce of sales at public
auction; 1000. dollars in the estimate of quit rents,
iinnually due; 1,900 dollars, by the increase of in-
terest on arrears of taxes; 21,870 53-100 dollar1,
by interest on the loans to the United States, and to
the sufferers on the Niagara frontier; and 545,000
dollars, by the probable avails of the state tax — mak-
ing in the whole an augmentation of 648,746 10-
.100 dollars.
»?/i account of the monies received into the treasury
during the year 1815.
For interest on the debt due from the
bank of New- York, dls.
do. Three per cent, stock of the
United States,
do. Loan of 1792,
1808,
£o. Bonds and mortgages for lands
sold,
do. Loans to individuals, 8cc.
do. Bond of the corporation of the
city of New York,
73,725 46
23,403 32
26,770 38
2J,32U J2
36,069 05
2,534 08
1,312 30
For principal of bonds and mortgages
for lands sold, 22,914 04
do. loans to individuals, 8tc. 7,937 98
For principal and interest of the loan
of 1786, 2,196 95
Principal and interest of land sold
by the surveyor-general, appro-
priated to the school fund; for
principal and interest of monies
loaned of that fund; and for the
fifi.il and last instalment of the
bond of the Mechanic's bank in
the city of New- York, 63,267 10
Principal and interest of lands sold,
and appropriated to the fund for
the- promotion of literature, 2,716 54
For dividends on bank stock, viz:
Bank of Albany, 3,150
America, 2,432
Hudson, 675
Troy, 2,720
Columbia, 1,600
Newburgh, 2,000
Lansing-burgh, 540
New-York state bank, 16,200
Fanner's bank, 2,400
Merchant's bank, 16/200
Monawk bank, 450
Manhattan company, 4,500
Middle District bank, 2,000
Dividend received on the stock of the
old bank of the United States, 3,040
For dividend on the stock of the west-
ern inland lock navigation compa-
ny, 4,140
Vacant lands, 3,302 66
Fees accounted for by the secretary, 500 66
by tiie surveyor-gen. 15 80
llent of lands leased, 200
the state pier at Sag-Harbor, 34 92
the government house in the
City of New- York, 437 50
lands leased for the benefit of
the posterity of Peter Ot-
sequette, 101 79
Arrears of quit rent, 14,599 04
Commutation of do. 2,962 53
Expences of advertising do. 267 83
Amount received for lands sold for quit
rents, '8,421 69
Redemption of lands and for quit vents, 99 32
Fees of the clerk's oilice of the su-
preme court, 16,007 45
Fees for pedlars' licences, 320
Duties on sales at auction, 194,475 23
Amoimtreceived for an iron chest sold
by the comptroller, 60
For proceeds of the Onondaga salt springs
over and above appropriations paid by
superintendants, 2,103 87
From the managers of the Union College
lotteries, 469 16
managers of lotteries, to pay their
unpaid prizes, 1,683
For loans o'.Kiined, viz.
of the bank of New-York, 40,000
Nc-'.v-York state bank, 30,000
Stock loan bearing 7pej ct.'interest, 130,000
For proceeds of lands sold for making
certain roads, 2,406 33
Monies received on account of the
stnte tux, 554
s received for arrears of county
ta:v</.s, ' 44,434.3
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER--NEW-Y.ORK FINANCES. 55
r.!iargv?s of advertising tfyose taxc,s, 1,539 85
Interest on the same, 17,729 V6
Arrears of the direct tax of the United
States, for 1814, 2,151 99
Amount received for lands sold for
non-payment of county taxes, with
the ch-u-ges and interest, 22,629 82
Jlcdemption of lands sold as above, 12,468 60
Tax Lid for improving the road from
Chester to Canton, 50 31
J)o. for laving" out a road from Salina
to idams.
Redemption of lands sold for the tax
laid, to improve the road from Hop-
Ivinton u> north-west bay, 295 02
JDo. do. road between Albany and
the river St. Lawrence, 187 03
80 1
Total, dollars, 2,. -80,454 37
[Here follows a statement of expenditures during
iiie last year, embraced in tin "•; report.]
State of the treas^ln^ on the 31s/ December, 1815.
Balance remaining in the treasury on
the 1st January, 1815, 78»355 05
Amount received in the
treasury during1 the year
1815, ' 2,080,454 87
Deduct warrants drawn
during that year, 2,037,903 29
Deduct also two warrants
drawn in 1814, and not
paid till 1815, 60
Kxccpt two warrants drawn
but not yet paid by the
treasurer,
69 59
-2,037,893 70
Balance in the treasury, including- bills
of credit of the emission of 1786 and
1788, 8120,916 22
Estimate cfiheexpences of government for the j/earl816-
. PKIIMANENT EXPENCEB.
Salaries to the offices of government, with
the expcnces of office, 52,225
Compensation to the members of the le-
gislature, with the contingent expen-
ces of the two houses, calculating- the
allowances to be the same as at the two
last sessions, 90,000
oupport of the state prison, including
the pay of the guard, and conveyance
of convicts, 50,000
Annuities to Indians, with all expences
incident to Indian affairs, 15_,500
.Allowance for the benefit of the college
of physicians and surgeons of this
state, 500
Compensation to districtjattornies, 13,000
do. to sheriffs, 7,000
Incidental ^expences of administering
the government, 3,000
do. to printers, 5,000
do. to county clerks undsr the
act concerning- oaths, 400
do. to do. and special messen-
gers, for returning transcripts of votes, 1,600
Salaries to brigade inspectors, 2,200
Bounties for the destruction of wolves, 3,000
Various miscellaneous expences,amount-
ing perhaps to 4,500
• CKS T.T'TrTr.7) AS TO TITTK.
Allowance to the hospital in the city of
New- -York,
Allowance lo the economical school and
orphan asylum soric'y \-\ Hiat city,
Allowance COT the support of foreign poor
in the same city,
TO V:nru T-IAY :IE Aimuj),
Interest on the debts due to the sc\v;\d
hanks,
do. stock loan, bearing 6 per cent.
interest,
do. do. 7 per cent.
AN'U ALSO,
ppropriation made by the 4th section
'of the act of the 12t!i June, 1812, for
the purchase of timber for gun carri-
ages,
Balance of an appropriation of ^ 50,000
made by an act of 24th October, 1814,
for qovnpleting 'L'ue fortifications on Sui-
1 en -Is land,
Of the appropriation made by the act
to provide for the improvement of
the internal navigation of this state,
Of the appropriation for completing
the cupitol,
Of an appropriation made by the 40th
section of the supply bill of 1815, for
the quarter -master's department,
Probable Amount that will be requited
iindc:- the 3 U't section of the supply
bill, for the supply of arms, &,c.
Probable amount that will oe required
under the ;ict granting additional pr.y
to the volunteers and militia, passed
21st October, 1814,
Do. under the 40th section of Lhe last sup-
plv bill, for the commissavy's depart-
ment,
alance of monies in the treasury belong-
ing to the school fund, on the 31st of
December, 1815,
>o. belcyiging to the fund for the promo-
tion of literature,
)o. of niouics received on account of
lands soul in 1813, for making and im-
proving" certain lands,
Jalances due to county treasurers on the
settlement of their accounts,
.';00
1,000
65,000
51,851 10
40,630
91,OQU
.000
500
2,000
2,03'J
15,000
25,OOJ
10,000
3,412
5642,730 4'J
^faking- the provable expences of the year 1816
2,7'^-' dollars 42 cents, exclusive of any exlraor-
linary ;ij)j)ropii,r.io!is thai, may be made during the
sent session of the ie:>-;siatiu-e; of the sums ih.\;
nay be required to sav'ufy cluinis t'n- lands impi-o-
>erly sold i>v tuf if i'orfeiture.-;, ami
explusivepf the calls, if ur.y, v>',iic.!. iruiy be v ide
>:i the shares of tiie state in the stock of the Seneca
tock navigation company.
ll'~at/s und ff^f&OJts for 131G.
Annual veveuue as stated l.>efore, 952, 47u i':
Amount rem lining unpaid on the 31st of
Dec. 1815, en account of tiu; ;-;r:)c<jLjU:i
of sale, for quit renU tiad t:i:u ;, 54,731 0-i
The debts (r.i'ir.r by the date, ar: mu' us t
To ba.iks, bj.irinp; ("> per cent, interest,
The stock debt, ! oujring 7 per cent. do.
do. do. 6 do. do.
1,126,68;
1,300,00*.
^3,103,63
56
NILES- WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 23, 1816.
From the estimate made above of tiie \vays and
means, and of the expences of the year 1816, it will
be seen that the public debt can be reduced this
yc\.r only about 350,000 dollars And from a calcu-
lation founded upon the present revenues of the
,stute, it is ascertained that it cannot be extinguish
ed until the year 182J, unless the loan to the United
States, which falls due in M*y, 1317, should be re-
paid and applied towards that object. If thav be
so applied, the public debt may be discharged in
the vea< 1822.
Br the provisions of the "act to create a public
transferable stock, and to lay and collect addition*
taxes for the use of this state," the comptroller i
not authorised to purchase any of the stock debt,
unless that bearing- seven per "cent, interest can be
obtained at par, and that bearing six per cent pro
portionably low. As it is probable thai but litae.
if any, can be purchased at these rates, theeomp-
tro :ier will, of course, unless otherwise directed by
the legislature, apply the unappropriated monie.
v/i.ich shall be in the treasury, to the reduction of
the debts due to the banks. And il m..y be \vor l\\
of consideration, whether the situation of the b.uik
is not such as to require tiiat the unappropriated
money should, at all events, for t'nis year, be thus
applied, in preference to applying them to the pur
chase of state stock. Pressing applications have
been received from one of the banks, requesting
that the amounts due to them from the state, might
be partly or wholly discharged, in order thai they
might be enabled to extend their accommodations
to individuals during the present pressure. It is
true, that it is for the payment of -'the slock debt
alone that the state taxes are pledged; but inasmucl
as tlie situation of the banks, which have heretofore
liberally aided the state wich loans, renders it a
most desirable object with them, that those loans
should be discharged; and as tne'y cannot probably
be dischargad in any other way than by taxes, it is
submitted, whether they ought not to be p.dd off as
e..rly as the receipts into the treasury will permit it
to be done; or at any rate, that the receipts of this
year suould be applied to the reduction of those
debts.
Tue receipts during the year 1815, for arrears and
commutation of quit rent, in money and three per
cen;. stock of the United States, including the pro
cceds of sales for quit rents, amounted to 80,504
dollars 63 cents, arid this almost wholly upon pa-
tents advertised for sale. Tat payments on those
no. advertised were but few. Of 623 patents ad-
ve;\isf.l for sale, sales for non-payment were only
mule u\ UG instances. Tne residue were either
di. charged by payment of the quu rents, or in con-
sequence of proof having been 'produced tnut quit
rents were not chargeable on account of the forfei-
ture or' tne lands, or for some otner cause.
The patents advertised for sale were generally of
a very ..iicieni d.«te,aud chargeable with small rents
Tuose which remain to be advertised, are of more
recent (hue, and will be much more productive,
having much heavier rents reserved on them.
Although the laws relative to quit rents have un-
dergone some very salutary amendments, they may
suli be susceptible of further amendment. Whether
i might not. materially promote the interests of the
persons in I crested in tne lands, to aiunorise and di-
rect thai the sale for quit ren s should be made oui
o;' ihe several lots or subdivisions into which pa-
tents have been subdivided, In all cases where the
subdivisions can be ascertained by the comptroller,
for the proportion of ren s due on each; aiul whe-
ther idso, it would not be expedient to extend the
proMsitvi to: assessing and collecting the amount
duo from the proprietors of patents beyond the sale,
s ••> as '() coi.1 .id tla- payment by all, of their just
proportions of the monies nece^ary to redeem the
' hat tne- comptroller respcct-
kleration.
i may also deserve the consideration of the legis-.
ti!re5 \vhetheriu every case v/iiere a sale in any pa-
teiu may i'uve been, or shall be made for quit rents,
the reit'.s fa Hi: is;- due after the salt-, ought not to be
cancelled on c^rv such patent, and thereby pre-
vent a repetition of the vexations and embarrass-
ment which, it is alleged, are occasioned by the
Collection of these rents — And it is proper to ob-
serve, that in almost every instance of sale, the
s '.ate \vi!l actually realize more from the collection
of arrears alone, being in that case payable in mo-
n^y, than fqr arrears and commutation when paid in
t.srce per cent, stock, in which they may and will
almost inv.'.riablv be paid, in cases of payment be-
fore the sale.
The mode of selling our lottery tickets by public
lo, :LS The act, emilied "an act relative to" the ma-
u: gei-sof ioiteries," passed' iStli April, 1813, dircci.s.
has been found to answer the expectations formed of
it. The tickets in the first class of the Medical Sci-
ence lottery were sold without any difficulty, ami
at a small advance on the original price of the tick-
els, notvvitl s adding ;ha* a very serious combina-
tion of lottery dealers bad bet:n formed to prevent
the succfess of sales in this way. The advance thus
obtained on the tickets, with the interest chargea-
ble on the credits given, will produce to the state
about 4000 dollars. . And as the avails of the lottery
otherwise amount only to 21,420 dollars, the sum
gained by this mode of sale is nearly 20 per cent,
in addition to the ordinary avails. And there is but
little doubt entertained, that fuit'.er cxpc, ie.ice will
prove, that this mode will produce still greater,
profits, and evince its superiority over the former
mode.
The paper marked A, shews, the state of the school
fund, and of that for the promotion of literature.
All which is respectfully submi;
A'UCH'n M'lNTYRE, Comptroller..
Jlhtm!!, 22d Febniary, 1816.
(A) SCHOOL FUND.
T/iis fund is composed of the foUotuing items.
Bonds and mortgages for part of the consideration
money of lands sold by the surveyor
general, 291,424 91
Bonds an-1 mortgages taken for loans
made, 328,107 30
3600 shares of the capital stock of the
Merchants' bank, 180,000
300 do. bank of Hudson, 15,000
50 do. bank of Columbia, 20,000
500 do. Mohawk bank 5,000
600 do. New-York state bank 30,0^0
30 do. bauk of New-York 15,000
12A do. bank of Albany 5,000
Arrears of interest due on the bonds and
mortgages of the fund, 44,482 92
§934,615 13
This fund lias been augmented during the year
1815, 45,510 dollars, by bonds for part of the con-
sideration money of lands sold by the surveyor-ge-
neral; »7,908 dollars by bonds and mortgages taken
to secure the payment of loans made of monies be-
longing to tnat fund; 600 dollars by a mortgage
taken to secure the payment of part of the principal
due on a mortgage given by Win. M'Carty, foreclos-
MILES VEEKLY REGISTER-THE PFACE ESTABLISHMENT 57
<*,d in 1813, and the lanusoi(lby the attorney-gen
,r.\; ; and 11,232 dollars 8 .ents by the increase o
interest due on the bonds and nort gages or thefunc
making1 in all un augmentation^ $145,280 8.
During1 I'.c same period, this l«nd has been d
minished $1,312 50, by correcli.u-, un em>neo»
credit given in 181 >, for a mortgage, supposed
have been taken to secure the payment Of p .rt
the principal due on an old mortgage forccv^ed
the attorney ger.er. .1; §26,119 32 by
H of principal due on liie bonds an
tuken for Und.s sold and lo.ms made ; 213 dollar- _
the operation of «iie :«ct, entitled "an net for the i
Jiefof Isaac Hanson, Jac-ob .Mancius, James Rivin
ton, Claries Van Vailcenburgh and John Muncius
pastel lytti June, 1812; $2,500 by the payment
il. e f.h an.! last instalment of the hqnd of the A:
d>.-:,:cs' bank in the city of New- York ; and last
g,3'2,543 02 stated in the last annual report to be
the treasury, over and above the 50,000 dollars to
distributed" for the use of schools, loaned during1 t
year 1815, wi;h the oilier monies subjec' to be lo.
cd and consequently omi ted in tiiis state me
making in ail a diminution of 72,692 dolls 84 cen
RKYENUK.
The revenue of the school fund may, for the p
sent, be estimated at g64,053 01, arising from t
following sources :
Annual interest on bonds and mortgages, 40,453
Dividends on bank stock 2l,6(jO
Probable proceeds of fees of the clerks'
offices of the supreme cour', over and
above the charges payable out of them 2,000
It will be seen from this statement of the re
Atie derived from the school fund, that sixty th
sand dollars may now be annually distributed
the encouragement of common schools.
Of the 500,000 acres of land which are by 1
directed to be sold for the benefit of the school func
the surveyor general has sold 396,947 acres.
FUND FOR T1IF PROMOTION OF LITER A
TURK.
Bonds for part of the consideration of land
sold, 19,21
Mortgage taken to secure the payment
of a loan, 3,000
Balance of monies in the treasury belong-
ing to this fund, on 31st Dec. 1815, 3,412
Together with about 3,100 acres of land in
miiiiary tract, and in the counties of IJroome
Chenaiigo, heretofore reserved for the promot
of literature.
The Peace Establishment.
IN SliJiATB OF THE UNITED STATES MAHCil 7, 1£
Department ->f IVar, March 6th, 1816
SIR — Tue enclosed papers are transmitted
cler an expectation that they may contain the
formation called tor by the resolution of the
nate, of the 3'Jth of January last. Should more
tailed information be required, it will be furn
ed with the least possible delay.
I have the honor to be, your most obedient
very humble servant,
WM. H. CRAWFORD
Hon. JOHN GAILLAUD, president of
the senate, pro. tern.
JMivtant and Inspector-general's Office.,
March 6th, 1816.
SIR— I have the honor to lay before you a brief
• tementof the strength and distribution of the
esent peace establishment, to meet the requisition
the honorable *he senate of the United States,
uler the reso'ivuon of January 30, 1816. From the
ite of ii'.e vt-sc.lvuion, which has just been received,
presume a -..-port will be expected earlier than a
inutelv detailed statement c.ui be made out. I have
ie honor to be, sir, with respect, your obd't servt.
D. PARKFiR, adj. and Ins. gen.
ffie secretary of -oar.
JLdjntant and Inspector-general's Qjfice,
March 6th, 1816.
Situation of the fortifications und permanent
vorks of the United States, and t:
ic a! my: —
a ; in e, "sight artillery : :
V'i .Co.sset, :
or dand, corps of artillery : :
Vvrts mouth, : : • :
em, ::•:•'
l.rbiehead, : ' : : : : :
Boston, light-artillery corps, : : :
ymouth, :::'•:
New-Bedford, • * ; : : :
Newport, light artillery corps, : : :
New-London, light artillery corps, -. =
New-Haven, ::::::
Vew-York, corps of artillery, : : :
'hiladelphia, : : : : • :
Baltimore, ;-.::::
\nnapoiis, : : ; : J : :
For' Washington, Potomac, corps of artillery
Vorfoik, corps of artillery,
corps of artillery, : :
80
75
110
18Q
120
110
150
Geor
ngton,
eiown,
corps of artillery.
vlobiie, corps of artillery,
'lacquemn
English
New-Orleans,
j
corps of artillery.
corps of artil.
150
60
120
100
650
Niagara, : : : : : : :
S.ickett's Harbor, : : : : :
IHattsburg, :::::::
1st regiment infantry, at Passa Christiana,
2d " «? 8 companies at Sackett's
Harbor, one company at fort Niagara, and one
c»»mpunv at Greenbush, : : : 700
3d regiment infantry, at Detroit, except 1 com-
pany at fort Wayne, ::::•• 400
4th regiment infantry, four companies near
Charleston, and a d'etachmeut at fort Haw-
kins, ::::::: 600
5th regiment infantry, at Detroit, : : 650
6th " « " New-York, : 400
7th " " eight companies at f<>rt
Hawkins, and two companies in the Creek
nation, ::::::: 700
8th regiment infantry, near St. Louis, : 600
iiifle regiment, 2 companies at Michilimacki-
nac, one at Vincennes, and 2 at Natchitoches,
head-quarters near St. Loyis, : : : 400
7,950
In the preceding list, the situation of arsenals,
magazines, interior garrisons and depots, and fron-
tier stockades, and temporary works, are not in>
eluded. ». PARKER, adj. and ins. gen.
58 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, MARC* 23, 1816.
Peacock and Nautilus.
From the Calcutta Times, Sept. 12, 1815.
The Nautilus sailed from Bataviu Roads on the
29t'i of June, bearing despatches for the supreme
government. Previous to her departure, intelli
gence of the ratification of peace- by the president
of the United. States, had been received <';t Butavia
Un the 3(Kh of June, the American ship of wai
Peacock, captain Warring-ton, carrying 22 guns and
manned with 230 choice seameji, was cruising; ofT
Anjier in the straits of Sunda. In tlie afternoon of
that -iay, the master attendant at Anjicr went on
"board the American ship, and informed her com
.namler, that peace had been ratified between
Great Britain and the United States. This infor-
mation he affected not to believe, and detained the
master attendant as a prisoner of war. Half an
hour after this occurrence, the 1J. C. cruizer Niui-
tillus fell in with the Peacock. — C;>pt: Warring-ton
foisted English colors, and lieut. Boyce, the com*
mander of the Nautilus, sent & bo-it, with his mas-
ter, and a military officer, a passenger, on board the
Peacock. The American confined them as prison-
ers of war, and disregarding1 the information they
£ave of peace, ranged alongside the Nautilus and
hoisted the colours of the United States.
Lieutenant Boyce hailed and demanded to know
whether he was coining as a friend or an enemy.
The answer returned was, an enemy ! Lieut. Boyce
flien told him that peace had been ratified between
Gueat .Britain and the United States, and that he
had the documents on board; captain Warrington
then s.,id, " If peace has taken place, haul down
your colors instantly!" Lieut. Boyce refusing to
.comply wi'h this insolent demand, the American
fired into the Nautilus which she returned with a
'broadside. Lieut. Bovce was wounded in the hip
]>v the first fire, and shortly after, his knee was shat-
tered by a 32 pound shot. Mr. Mayson, the first
lieutenant, also sevcreh wounded ; and no officer
remaining to fight the ship, lie was compelled to
surrender, after a gallant defence in close action,
which lasted a quarter of an hour.
Our readers have already seen the list of the kil-
led and wounded on board the Nautilus. The Ame-
rican loss was four men killed and six wounded.
On the following morning Mr. Warrington per-
mitted the master attendant to return to Anjier
f»>r the purpose of bringing American papers. — On
the production of these, he expressed himself sa-
tisfied that peace had taken place, restored the
Nautilus, and wrote officially to the master atten-
dant, that he should desist from farther hostilites.
We regret to add that lieut. Boyce has suffered
ha-:l his colours clown, iflt; were the case, in token
of it — adding that if }>- did not, I should fire into
him. This being vefvscd, one of the forward guns
was fired ;i.t her, v-nich was immediately returned
bv a broadside
the brig; our broadside wr.s
the amputation of his leg.
The Nautillus being much shattered in her hull,
has been sent to Samarang for repairs. The wound-
ed men left at Anjier, were in a state of recovery.
Jlxtract of a letter from captain Lewis Warrington,
to the secretary of the nary — dated
" U. S. ship Ptacock, Nov. 11, 1815.
As it is probable you will hereafter see or hear
some oilier account of a rencontre which took place
between the Peacock and the English East India
company's brig Nautilus, on the 30th of June last,
in the straits of Sunda, I take the liberty of mak-
ing known to you -he particulars :
Anjier, as we closed with this brig, which appear-
ed evidently to be a vessel of war, and completely
prepared for action, her commander hailed, and
asked if i knew that there was a peace ? 1 replied
Jn the negative — directing him at the same time to
then dischar^d, and his colors were struck after
having six .viscars killed, and seven or eight wound-
ed. As *e had not the most distant idea of p^:.ce,
and tb-^ vessel was but a short dis^nee from the
fort of Anjier, I considered his assertion, coupled
wiih his arrangements for . -ction, a finesse on his
pirt to amuse us, till he could place himself under
the protection f/f the fort. A few minutes before
coming* into contact with the brig, two boats con-
taining the m;..sier attendant at Anjier, and an officer
of the army came on board, and as we were in mo-
mentary expectation of firing', tlu-y were with their
men passed below, I concluded that they had been
uisled by the British colors, under which we had
massed up the straits. No questions in conse-
quence, were put to them, and thev very improperly
omitted mentioning that peace existed. The next
day, after receiving such intelligence as they had to
communicate on this subject, (no part of which
was official) I gave up the vessel, first stopping her
shot holes, and putting her rigging in order.
" I am aware that I may be blamed for ceasing
iostilities without more authentic evidence that
?eace had been concluded ; but I trust, sir, when
)iir distance from home, with the little chance we
lad of receiving such evidence are taken into con-
sideration, I shall not be thought to have decided
>rematurely."
The Fisheries.
To sir Richard Keats, and to the British naval ojji-
cers 011 the Halifax station.
DOWNING STHEET, 17th June, 1815.
SIR — As the treaty of peace lately concluded
,vith the United States, contains no provisions with
respect to the fisheries, which the subjects of the
United States enjoyed under the third article of tho
peace of 1783, his majesty's government consider it
not unnecessary, that you should be informed as to
the extent to which those privileges are affected by
the omission of any stipulation in the present trea-
ty, of the line of conduct which it is in consequence
advisable for you to adopt.
You cannot but be aware, that the 3d article of the
treaty of peace of 1783, contained two distinct sti-
pulations; the one recognizing' the rights which the
United 'States had to fish upon the high seas, and
the other granting to the United States the privi-
lege of fishing within the British jurisdiction, and
of using under certain conditions, the shores and
territory of his majesty for purposes connected
with the fishery ; of these, the former being- consi-
dered permanent, cannot be altered or affected by
any change of the relative situation of the two coun-
tries, but the other being a privilege derived from
the treaty of 1783 alone, was, as to its duration, ne-
cessarily limited to the duration of the treaty itself.
On the declaration of war, by the American govern-
ment, and the consequent abrogation of the then
existing treaties, the United States forfeited, with
respect to the fisheries, those privileges which are
purely conventional, (rttul as they have not been re-
newed by stipulation in the present treaty,) the sub-
" In the afternoon of that day, when abreast of jects of the United States can have^no pretence to
any right to fish within the British jurisdiction,
to use the Urili&li territory ior purposes connected
with the fishery.
Such being the view taken of the question of the
fisheries as fur as relates to the Uuited States, 1 air
FILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATION, &.fc. 59
'ommr-nded by his royal highness the prince regent o agreeabit- to our readers to know the state Ol
to inst r. ict you, to abstain most carefully from any such facts as are not mentioned.
.L .Li i.:™+o There were present at this meeting fifty-eight
entlemen, we are informed; the whole number of
epublican members at present at the seat of go-
interference with the fishery, in which, the subjects
tvf the United States may,be engaged, either on the
(.raiul Bunk of NewUwmdland, in the Gulf of S
Lawrence, or other places in the sea. At the same
time you will prevent them, except under the cir-
cumstances hereinafter mentioned, from using the
British territory for purposes connected \vith t.*e
fishing vessels from buys, harbors, rivers, creeks
and inlets of ail his majesty's possessions. In case,
however, it 'should have happened that the hsher-
jrien of the United St,.<es, through ignorance ot
the circumstances which affect this question, should
previous to your arrival, have already commenced a
fishery similar to that carried on by "them previous
to the" late war, and should have occupied the Bri-
tish harbors, and formed establishments on the
British ierritory, which could not be suddenly
abandoned without very considerable loss, his royal
hisrhness the pvince regent, willing to give every
indulgence to the citizens of the United States,
which is compatible with his majesty's rights, has
commanded me to instruct you to abstain from mo
lesi ing such fishermen, or "impeding the progress
of their fishing during the present year, unless they
should, by attempts to carry on a contraband trade
render themselves unworthy of protection or indul
gence; you will, however, not fail to communicate
to them the tenor of the instructions which you have
received, and the view which his majesty's govern
ment takes of the question of the fishery, and yot
will, above all, be careful to explain to them tha
they are not in any future season to expect a conti
nuance: of the same indulgence.
(Signed) BATHURST.
Nomination of President, £c.
The following anonymous notice, in a printed form
-was circulated "on Sunday, the 10th inst. addresse
to the republican members of congress severall)
hv name:
"«Sru — A meeting of the republican members o
.congress will be held in the hall of the house of re
preseiltatives, on Tuesday evening, the 12th inst
at 7 o'clock, to take into consideration the pronrif
ly of nominating persons as candidates for preside!
~:;d vice-president of the United States."
Hall of fiejtrem'titftt-ives,
\-:>>!i March, 1816.
A number of the republican senators and repre
.•^•Htatives, assembled, for the purpose of taking h
to consideration the propriety of rccommcndjn
proper persons as candidates for president and vice
/.dent of the United States — the honorable JKIIKMI-
J*H MORROW, senator from Ohio, was called to thi-
chair, and LEWIS Coxniux, of New-Jersey, was ap-
pointed secretary.
Resolved, That in order to obtain a more general
expression of the sentiments of the republicans,
relative to the approaching presidential election;
the republican senators, representatives and dele-
gates, be invited and requested to assemble in this
place on Saturday evening the 16th inst. at 7 o'clock
— and that the invitation be given, by publishing
the proceedings of this meeting in the National In-
telligencer and the Washington City Gazette, sign-
ed by the chairman and secretary. By order of the
ernment being estimated at about one hundred and
venty-five; and several others being accidentally
bsent. Of the fifty-eight present at the meeting
n Tuesday evening, it is understood that ten 01-
ore were not favorable to the views of those who,
now appears, convoked this meeti
The meeting now proposed, differs in its charac-
er widely from that which has taken place. A
eeting is urged by known republicans, and re-
possible names are signed to the notice of the
iccting. It is not known what course willbepur-
ued, <m this occasion, by the great body of the re-
ublican members. They will no doubt act in ;
nanner as, under all circumstances, appears most
dvisnble.
It will be as disagreeable to the republican pnr-
y, to witness this difference among friends.
might have proved dangerous to the best interests
f the country, if such a nomination had been made
lere as would have distracted and astounded the
'epublican party. There is now rexson to hopi-..
.hat, eventually, the harjnony and integrity of the
>arty may not be seriously disturbed by the circun'i -
stances which have menaced it. If ever doubted.
:he public opinion has been recently so decidediv
expressed, as to leave little doubt, that the promi •
nent candidate will, in the end, unite the sui)'.r.u,'
of the whole republican party.
HEl'UBLTCAJf MKKTTXG.
Chamber of the house of rejm'.watativts of the
United Slates, March 16, 1816.
At a meeting of the republican members of con-
gress assembled this evening pursuant to public
notice, for the purpose of taking into consideration
the propriety of recommending to the people of the
United States suitable persons to be supported at
the approaching election for the offices of presi-
dent and vice-president of the United States, one
h-tindrsd and eighteen members of the senate and hvusi.
of representatives, and one delegate, attended.
General SAMTKL S.MITU, of Maryland, was called
to the chuir, and colonel RrcuAiio M. JOJINSOX, d
Kentucky, appointed i.ccretary.
And being so organi/ed —
Mr. CLAY subnuU-iti the following1 resolution:
Jiesolvcd, That it is inexpedient to make, in CM;-
CM:-, any vecomrociKlatiou to the good people of the
United Sta\e-, of persons, in the judgment of this
meeting, tit a; id. s:;it;;bk' to fill the offices of presU
dent and vice-president or' the United State;-:.
And the qiu-sti;-;n •being taken thereon —
It was deteni-ii/icd in the iu-gati\ c.
Mr. TAYIOU, of N. York, then su:. muled tlie f-.)I-
lowmg reaoiution, to wit.
Resolved, That the practice of nominating candi-
dates, for the offices of president and vice president
of the United States, bv a convention of the sena-
tors and representatives in congress, is inexpedient
and ought not to be continued.
And the question being- taken thereon —
It wusalso determined in tlie negative.
The meeting* then proceeded i« the recommencla-i
tion:
Upon which it appeared that the hon.
meeting, JEREMIAH MORROW.
LEWIS CONDKT, secretary.
On which the National Intelligencer observes —
Thf> above article !>r:\o* ^-ficior.i Jn (]'.••
MONROE had sixty-live voies, and tlie hon. WILLIAW
H. CRAWFORD fifty- hnu.1 votes, for tiie office of pre-
sident.
That lits excellency DAMKI. T). TOWPKIXS of Xev,
York had eighty- live "votes, a ad liis excelhr.c} -Sr •
IS'ILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 23, 1816.
XON- SxinER thirty votes, for the office of vice-
president.
And thereupon —
"Mr. CLAY submitted the following resolutions,
which were concurred in without opposition:
fiezolved, That this meeting do re com mend to the
people of the Unite 1 States, JAMES MOXRf)" ;f
"Virginia, as a suitable person for the office of pre-
sident of the U. States, and DAXIEL D. TOMP-
° SCW
tion whether the delegates of whom lie was one,
ought to participate in the proceedings. Delicacy
left him no choice but to retire, which he did after
assigning his motives for withdrawing to the chair-
man. I am, gentlemen, yours, &.c.
CONGRESS.
s>;\
There was a small error in our statement of the
Of^-p^^rfl^ul^ta" «*••« °t'^ the r^it"^ « ' U'M
££S'SF *»
the chairman and secretary be ap-
"tuin froni the persons aboYerneri-j. *'
they are disposed to serve in the j ^
s respectively designated.
Ordered, That "the proceedings of the meeting
be- signed by the chairman and secretary, and pub-
lished in the National Intelligencer.
S, SMITH, chairman.
R. M. JOIINSOX, secretary.
V/e arc authorised to slate (says tlie Xationa' In-
trliigeneer) that the republican meeting of Saturdaj
evening", was composed of t'te follou ing- members: —
SENATORS.
.4. — After considerable debate on LUC bill
the manner of compensation of the mem-
ngress —
of V. then moved 1o rco,,i:nrJt the
bill with a view to amend it. — Xegatiw. I yes 9.
The question was then taken' on the ;> ib.sage of
the bill, and decided us follows:
YEAS— Messrs. Barry, Bibb, Brown, Campbell, Coi.dict, Dngrett
Dana, Gaillanl, Harper, Horsey, Howril, punter, Lacack, Morrow
Roberts, Talbot, Tait, Thompson, Turner, \Vells, Vy'iin.: ,;•.— 21.
NAYS— Messrs. Clrnci'. King, yn<-<,». Masc -on of
*>'a. K'l^Ljles, Smiliii'd, Taylor, Ticlunor, Varan. .1, V;.l,f:*i — 11.
The question being then on the ti C bill,
Messrs. Harbour, Barry, Campbell, f.'hacc, (Jor.-
tlict, I Towel], I, acock, Mar-ion, Va. M"or;-c
to change the mode of compensation of tiiC
hers, Sec.
i'OW, Roberts,] Mr. Vcrwtm suggested that tlie title of the bill
;, Sanford, Talbot, Taylor,* 'i'u svould be advantageously amended, by making it
nd, Vvilson. o dvvbh' the compensation," &c.
JiKPirr^Sr.XT/yiTVES. Mr. Dana s:»id, if the gentleman desired to move
ViexaiK1. '.•!•, Baker, Rv.v' .\\c amendment, that it was a legal opinion, that the
title of an r.ct need not necessarily correspond with
No amendment being moved to the title, it was
i to.
Tiie bill respect in!- the late officers and crew of
the sloop of war Wasp, was taken up. [Tills bill
p.'opo.scs to iillow twelve months pay to the rela-
•.ives of the officers and crew of the losi sloop of
war, and also authorises the distribution of fifty
;-.d dollars amo:;p; tlie same, as a reward for
the cap! ure of tbc i/iilirdi sloops of war Reindeer
Middleton, iVfoo'rfe, Murfrcc, Nelson, Ya. Newton, and Avon.] The bill was amended, and ordered to
•J.-nwby, !-;•;<::.. i-.iikncy, Piper, Pov -id a third time.
;'.;;!>-) his," itoot, Koss. Savage, Sharp, F-tnith, Md.| .llarc/i 15. — Mr. ll'il.-on laido^. the table a motion
.''.•'.'i'.h, Va. Taul, '!';:yl(;r, X. Y. Taylor, y. (J. Tcif.ir. i to refer the late reports of the secretary of war on
iiomas, Throo-p, Townsuul, Wallace, Yvard, X. V. 'the state of the army, to the military committee,
V. ,1. NYevalovcr. ' . WiltV, \Vi !k in. , \\iih instructions to enquire into the expediency of
V* diiains, V/iiiougl.b; , T. AV-Ison, "\Vn:. \Vilson, j authorising by Ian- enlistments to fill and keep
V/o(Ki\vard, Wrig'.t, Yaac'j.%aiidYates. plete the ranks of the arnij'. The motion is
re fi-orn Indiana, imd not yet acted on.
Tr.c bill to limit t!>.e right of appeal from the
circuit cuurt of the United States for the district of
Baicman, lUnnd, !'• il,
, Uurwcll, Caldwell^ Callio'uh; Cun-
non, Chappi , • Ciarkc, Ky. Clay, Clcn-
n, Ciopton,, Comstock, Condict, Conner, CruWr
i"-JV(l, Croig-Jiton, f'rochcron, Cuthbert, }):trlinfMon,
1, Edvv.'crd.Sj J-'onic-y, ]''orsyth, Gholrnn,* Glas-
(.iocd'.vyn, driffin". Halm. Ilanmiontl, liar;! in,
•f-kson, Johnson, \'l .'
. \ a. Kin^, X. (.:. Lnvc, 7,umpkin, 1 .vie, Ms
M'Keu, "
-.son, Illinois, attended ; but the latter with-
i'."cn- xvjthout vot i
Tlu re were absent from tiie meeting about lu-cMtij- i'ioiumbia, was then taken up, and was ordered to
•publican m; ;oth houses ; of which be engrossed for a third reading.
• //.T are absent from the city, and the remaining.///"- The bill to incorporate the subscribers to the
rupulous in regard t-> the propriety of such Bank of the United States was received from the
'-gs, or for other reasons indisposed to attend, [house of representatives and read.
he whole number ah:-- out, it is estimated, wei On motion, it was read a second time and referred
understand, that more than t'lrc-e-fourthi; are f;-i;-i-.d-;to tlie committed on iir.;ir,ce, &c.
]y to the election of .'arr.cs Monroe. So;:'ie proceedings were tlien had on a resolution
r".'oted by proxy, constituted in writing, being which has for i:s object to increase the salaries of
Mc-k i!i the. city". the judges of the United States' supreme and dis-
-•;> T;LK i-:;:;-!<i;::s or T;IF. x.srin.v.u, T.L\-TXLLirrK.\rEU. j trict courts; of the attorney -general, foreign minis-
\r, U:e state ;-ic-.'.t oi' the proceedings of the groat.; ters, &.c.
;-( pubiic.ui caucus, .'dr. Stepbenson, dele The senate tl)cn took up the bill to authorise the
payment for property lost, captured, or destroyed,
in 'the service of the" United States, and made some
progress therein.
JWjiirch IS. Mr. Wilson submitted a motion for
instructing the military committee to devise ar.ii
report such provisions as may be necessary to in-
sure the annual returns of the militia o!' '.
retired without
iwn from this, that
is, is represented as having
hce ruay be draw
i en son v.*as desirous of shunning t'ne re-
ibilily of expressing an opinion. The fact is,
Mr. Stephcnson \vas entering the hall, al-
: .speci-.iHy "mvited to attend the caucus, lie
.^ cr.gatred in discussing- the ques-
foun
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— CONGRESS.
61?
states by the adjutant general. The resolution lies
on the table.
The engrossed bill for the relieFof the survivors
of the officers and cre\v of the sloop of war Wasp,
\vas read a third time, passed, and sent to the other
house for concurrence.
The senate resumed the consideration of the re-
solve proposed by Mr. Stanford, embracing1 an
amendment to the constitution, to make the judges
removable from office on the vote of two thirds of
both houses of congress, with the consent of the
president, &c.
After some remarks, postponed to Monday —
The bill to provide for the indemnification for pri
vate losses of property employed in the public ser-
vice, in its amended shape, (going to constitute a
board of commissioners to audit and settle claims
of this description) was further amended, and at
length ordered, with its various amendments, to be
read a third time.
On motion of Mr. Lacock, the committee on so
much of the president's message as relates to roads
and canals, were instructed to enquire into the ex-
pediency of making a great military or nutk.
toad from Washington, Pa. to Sandusky Bay.
Jlfa/rch 19. Mr. Wilson's motion submitted yes-
terday was agreed to.
The bills from the house of representatives, al-
tering the terms of the courts in Venriont, was read
the third time and passed.
The senate proceeded to consider the amend-
ments of the house of representatives to the bill
"relative to evidence in cases of naturalization,"
and agreed thereto.
[This bill, which now only awaits the approbation
of the president, requires the production of a cer-
tificate and report of registry, and a certificate of
the prothonotary, at the time of making in court
a declaration of intention to become a citizen ; and
that five years residence, previous to application to
become a citizen, shall be proved by the oath or af-
firmation of citizens of the United States, to be nam-
ed in the record of admission as witnesses.]
The bill from the house of representatives, pro-
viding for the compensation of persons whose pro-
perty has been lost, captured or destroyed by the
enemy, while in the service of the United States,
was read the third time and passed, with amend-
ments.
The bill extending the time for issuing and loca-
ting military land warrants, was passed, and sent
to the house of representatives for concurrence.
The bill from the house of representatives mak-
ing further provision for military services during
the late war, and for other purposes, being- taken up,
Mi-. Wilson offered an amendment which had for
to purpose to give a land bounty to the disbanded
officers. After some remarks, the bill was postpon-
ed until to-morrow.
March2Q. The bill making further compensation
for military services during the late war, was taken
up. Mr. Wilson's motion to amend the bill by allow-
ing certain donations in land to all the disbanded
officers, in proportion to their respective ranks,
was, after debate, negatived by the following vote :
YEAS— Messrs. Barry, Brown, Chase, Coml'it. FromentHt. La-
eock.Mscon, Ruggles, Sanford, Wilson— )0.
NAYS— Messrs. Barbonr, HIM), Dagrrtt, G*illau!,KJn£. Mason,
of N. H. Morrow, Roberta, Talliot, Tait, Thompson. Tichenor,
Turner, Varnum, Wells— 15.
Mr. Jj arbour then moved a new section to the bill
embracing a land bounty to disbanded officers of a
certain class (having intimated his intention pre-
, vious to the last vote, to move it.)
The bill was then postponed till to-morrow, with-
out deciding oil Mr. Barbour's motion.
The remainder of the day was occupied in the
discussion of the proposition to amend the consti-
tution of the United States, so as to prescribe an
uniform mode of election of president and vice
president of he United States, by districts in each
state.
After considerable debate — the further conside-
ration of this proposition was postponed to a day
beyond the session (rejected} by a vote of 18 to 14.
HOUSE OF IlEPUESENTATTVES.
Friday March 15. Besides the presentation of
petitions, among wK'ch was one of Mr. Southard,
from the Plainfiekl manufactory of woollens in
New- Jersey,
Mr. Lp-umdea reported a bill making the annual
appropriations for the support of government ;
which was twice read and committed.
The engrossed bill to alter the times for holding
the circuit courts of the United States for the diiT-
trict of Vermont, was read the third time and
passed.
Other business done, will be noticed in its pro-
gress.
The house took up the bill from the senate rela-
tive to evidences in cases of naturalization, as
amended, passed and returned to the senate.
The house then went into committee of the
whole, Mr. Moore in the chsir, on the bill provid-
ing for quieting and adjusting certain land claims
in the Mississippi territory.
A motion made by Mr. "Strong to strike out the
first section, produced a good deal of debate on
the merits of the bill; from which we extract the
following substantial view of the question. After
the treaty of 1783, that is in 1795, when the United
States took possession of the Mississippi country,
they found certain settlers on lands who had settled
under Spanish grants, issued when Spain was pos-
sessed of the country— the United States, without
demanding any equivalent therefor, relinquished to
those settlers all the right acquired by the treaty of
1783, but without warranting- them in the title-
subsequently however, certain persons holding- pa-
tents under the British government set up a claim
to these lands, as having the elder titles— and the
actual settlers, those holding- under the Spanish
grants, petition the United Skte.-i to examine and
decide the claims of the British grantees, and if it
be adjudged that they have the stronger title, that
their claims may be satisfied by an equivalent grant
of public, land elsewhere. The bill reported by
the committee on the public lands, to whom the
petition was referred, and now under consideration,
provides that the secretary of state, the attorney
general, and the commissioner of the general laml
office be authorised to examine the disputed claims
and decide thereon according to law, as soon as
the claims to 140,000 acres have been filed for de-
cision ; that if the claim of the British grantee
should it* any case be confirmed, the commissioner
of the land ofiipe shall issue his certificate for the
amount thereof, which certificate shall be a final sa-
tisraction of his claim, juiJ shall be received in pay-
ment for ;tny or' the public lands of the U. StutJ;,
at the rate of two dollars per acre for every acre oi"
Uie certificate ; that no dtJm siiy',1 be filed under
t!:is :.ci which has been barred by any former -aw ;
ancUhG.'; the- decision of the commissioners shall be
final and conclusive-
The motion to strike out the first .section, !•
a vital out-, gave rise to the debate r.bove mention*
cd, in \vhich Messrs. Strong-, Wright, Forsyth, JacV •
bon, and ttoss, supported the motion, .and of cour
bill; :u;d Messrs. Kcbcrtson, .Y«'K -,
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 23,
Johnson, Clark of Ky. Pickering-, Lattimore and Tuesday .March 19. After other business —
Mopkinson spoke against striking- out the section ;i On motion of Mr. JSassett,
Mr. Clay, also, on a subsequent question, advocated Jfcsolvetf, That a committee be appointed by tli'-
the bill. house, to join such committee as, may be appointed
The question was finally determined against by the senate, to consider and report what business
striking- out the section ; and I will demand the attention of congress prior to an
After some further unsuccessful attempts to adjournment; and also when such an adjournment
may probably take place.
The bill from the senate to limit the right of ap-
peal from the circuit court of the United Slates for
the District of Columbia; and the bill from the
senate respecting the late officers and crew of the
to
amend the bill, the committee rose, reported pro-
gress ; and
The house adjourned.
Mimd'iy, March 18. Mr. Loiondes, from the com-
mittee of ways and means, reported a bill supple-
mentary to the bill laying1 a direct tax ; and a bill
for the distribution of one hundred thousand dol-
lars among- the captors of the Alg-erine vessels,
which were captured and restored to the dey of
Algiers ; which bills were severallv twice read and
committed.
After disposing of a variety of business —
The house then ag-ain resolved itself into a com-
mittee of the whole, Mr. Moore in the chair, on the
bill for quieting- and adjusting- certain claims to
lands in the Mississippi territory.
After some time spent in discussing- various
amendments offered to the details, and, incidental-
ly, the principle of the bill, the committee rose and
reported it to the hous^.
The debate was resumed in the house as well on
the object of the bill as its details.
The question was then taken on engrossing- the
bill for :i third reading, and decided in the nega-
tive, by yeas and nays, as follows :
For engrossing 43
Aifainst it 84
So the bill was rejeciei!.
The hojisc then, on motion of Mr. laivndes, resolv-
ed itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Rreck-
1'iirid^e in the chair, on the bill to abolish the exist-
ing- duties on spirits distilled within tl».? United
States, and to lay other duties on distillation in lieu
thereof.
The bill proposes to change the duty from a tax
on the product to a tax on the capacity of the still,
and to reduce the existing duties 50 per cent. The
principle of the bill, the amount of duty, &c. were
loop of war Wasp ; were severally twice read and
referred, the former to the judiciary and the latter
to the naval committee.
The house then again resolved itself into a com-
mittee of the whole, Mr. Kreckenridge in the chair,
ou the bill respecting the duties on distillation.
After discussing various amendments, the com-
mittee got through the bill, rose and reported it to
the house, when its details underwent a further in-
vestigation, and the bill was finally ordered to be
engrossed as amended and read a third time to-
morrow.
The speaker laid before the house a letter from
the comptroller of the treasury, respecting certain
unsettled accounts in the office of the accountant
of the war department ; and
Then the house adjourned.
We have not time to give a detail of the proceed-
ings of Wednesday and Thursday. The bill to
change the existing duties on distillation, being
variously amended, passed through a committee of
the who'le, and the house agreed 66 to 62, to in-
crease the duties on licences for one year 100 per
cent, with graduations for shorter periods. The,
bill was finally ordered to be engrossed for a third
reading, and passed the next day — 118 to 13, yeas
and nays hereafter. The house then took up the
proposed new t arijf. It was moved by Mr. Strong
to strike out the clause reported by the committee
imposing 25 per cent, ad veil, on woolen and cotton
manufactures of all descriptions to insert S3 1-3 on
cotton, and 28 per cent on woolen goods. After
discussed at large, and fully reported, when the sub-! some remarks the committee rose without a deci
iect was before the house in the shape of a resolu-{ sion. The Kill to repeal the duty on household
tion, reported by the committee of ways and means. ] furniture and watches was ordered to be engrossed
On motion of Mr. iMwndes, the bill was so amend-! for a third reading, and passed the next day.
<->d, as to defer the expiration of the existing du-| The military and start' academies next occupied
i _ • _ . '.i .t _ _ j i ^ K MI /»... . ,1 i :»•...«
•ies to the 30th of June next, instead of the SOth of
March, as proposed by the bill.
After accepting- some amendments to conform
4hebill to the preceding, arid adopting some others
of an unimportant character —
Mr. Lou'iides proposed, an amendment to the bill,
the house in committee — the bill for an additional
academy was ordered to be engrossed.
Tlmi'sduy, March 21. — The engrossed bill to or-
ganize a gvneral staff for the army was re, -committed
— ayes 59, noes 45. The tariff then occupied the
house, in committee. Mr. Strong withdrew his
l-he object of which was to add 100 per cent, to the! motion, Mr. Clay proposed that the duty on cot-
;;rnotmt of the present duty on the capacity of the
still on licenses for one year, and to make the price
of licenses for short periods bear the same propor-
tion as the duty imposed on the license for a year.
This motion produced considerable discussion,
i'i winch Messrs. Lov/ndcs and Taylor of N. Y. sup-
por ted the amendment, and Messrs. Hardin, John-
son of Kv. Tuckc r, and Ross opposed it. it was
Anally agreed to — ayes 64, noes 54.
On notion of Mr. 7»-v,v.v, the bill was amended,
!>v striking- out the proviso which remitted to stills !
wholly employed in distilling- from rootx, half the
duties to which they would otherwise be subjected.
After some further amendment, not affecting any
principle.
tons should be fixed at 33 1-3 — decided in the ne-
(r;itive — 51 to 43. After a variety of proceedings,
Mr. O. renewed his motion in a new shape, fixing*
the duty at 30 per cent, ad vuL The committee
rose without a decision. The debate this clay wap-
very interesting. When furnished with it we shall
endeavor to give it at soine length.
Foreign Articles.
Jlfurat. Madame Mnrat applied to the Austri-
an cabinet to use its influence to obtain for her the
body of her late husband — but before this appli-
cation could have been known, the populace of
Pizza, the place where he was shot, rifled the
The committee rose, reported progress, obtained! grave, and after exposing the corpse to every sort
••:• ••!* :i:rain, and the house adjourned. (of in,-;ult, burnt it— tog-ether witU tiie body of the
JULES' WEEKLY REGISTER— CIIROSICLE.
63
syndic oi' iiie town, whom they murdered tor ex-
postulating1 with them on the barbarous outrage.
,.\ '(*/.'/<?* and England. It would app^r that Fer-
dinand, of Naples has a mind that bra lientinck, the
British ambassador, shall not h<= king over him any
longer. It may be recoller^d that Sicily was held
several years as a sort or province of England, the
king- being- as a pr^oner in his own palace.
•.i'ntations in France. By letters from Paris of
the 14th, 15tb, 17th, 18th and 22d of January, pub-
lished in me London papers, there seems to have
been "Tcut alarms in the court at Paris. The king,
who appears exceedingly uneasy under the pre-
sence oi the British troops, though compelled to
relv upon them, asked Wellington to order back
6,9GOj but the latter would not permit less than
'25,000 to return; which Louis reluctantly agreed
to, after 24 hours deliberation. The new raised
French troops appear disaffected and dissatisfied,
and desert in great numbers — and one half of them
are employed in keeping' the other half as a sort
of prisoners. The guard at the Thuilleries was
tripled on the night of the 17th, and arrests were
greatly multiplied. There seems many reasons 10
expect some new changes — but of what nature it is
not easy to conjecture amidst the variety of reports.
Paris, Dec. 19. Yesterday a scandalous scene
took place at the Chamber of Deputies. These
gentlemen assembled at the Salic des Conferences,
when the ministers entered. Scarcely had M. de
Richelieu and M. de Vnnblunce made their appear-
ance, when several voices called out, A ban les •min-
fsters, then are traitors, they have procured the escape
f>f Lavaleitc; they ought in their turn to be brought to
trial as guilty of high treason. In vain the ministers
wished to speak, it was impossible for them to
make themselves heard. The ministers adopted
the resolution of withdrawing; their example was
followed b}1 the deputies of a peaceable disposition:
and the rest remained to deliberate on liie man-
ner of ulteriorly denouncing the ministers for Jiav-
ing favored the escape of M. de Lavulctte.
The dutches* of Angouieme has been called the
'•she-wolf of France." Indeed, she seems to have
few of tho*e characteristics that are presumed
especially to belong to her sex.
C VSTAX'.S. Extract oi' y. letter from an ofiicer on
hoard the U. S. frigate United States, dated Mala-
ga Roads, Jan. 1, ISiO:
iave just heard of an instance of human ca-
lamity, \viucit ought forever to cause me to thank
tJod that I have been permitted to live under a liu.^
which has never been stained by a flagrant net or
national injustice. The name of general Castanos
must be fumiliar to you. It was lie who so brave-
ly defended Saragosa from the French, and against
whom he, on many other occasions, crowned the
-arms of his cold-hearted country with success. —
Tliat Castanos left this port yesterdnv with a num-
ber of other prisoners, chained and in irons, to
serve as a private soldier for ten years on the coast
of Barhary. Alas, how unforeseen are the events
of this transitory life ! !
"Tii ere is much talk of a Spanish war; it is said
tli at Spain has demanded monev from our govern-
ment—war is a great evil, the cause of great mise-
ry, but is preferable to a tame submission to the
mandates of injustice.'*
CHROMCLE.
Accounts from Buenos Ayres to Oct. 20, state,
'tint toe revolutionary admiral had ra.n-a\vav with
tour of the principal ships «f war alv.1 a considera-
ble treasure. He was an English adventurer of the
'name of Brown. He was stispected to have been,
bribed by the Spaniards and Portuguese. A short
time since two enierprizing Bostonians held hig'a
Commissions in the Buenos Ayres navy. One return-
ed home and the other has left the service.
John Swayne, alias Swenev, accused, as a British
subject, of entering the American service on board
the frigate Essex in the late war, has been tried and.
convicted in Kngland, and sentenced to death; but
recotnmened to mercy.
Among the distinguished guests who honored the
Hibernian society, at their annual feast at Baltimore,
on Monday last, were major-general Brown, colonel
Mitchell, colonel Jenkins, lieutenant-colonel Armi-
stead, major Brown and maior Frazer. The gene-
ral's volunteer was — "The patriots of every country,
who have fallen to aid or to maintain the rights of
man — the generous sons of America and Eria will
ever cherish their memory.
After the officers had retired the following were
given from the chair, at the instance of different
members —
Our illustrious guest, maj. gen. Brown, the hero
of Chippewa, Bridgewater and Erie — may he long1
enjoy in peace the fame he acquired in the service
of his country.
Our fellow townsman and distinguished guest,
colonel Mitchell, the hero of Oswego.
Col. Armistcad, the undaunted defender of for*.
M'Henry.
jYe-iu-Hdm])shire election. — The returns are not all
received. But it is agreed, on all hands, that Mr
Plumer (rep.) has been elected governor of that
state. It is expected, also, that the legislative
branches of the government will be completely
changed— by the Hartford wmventirm. The returns
of 71 towns give a net rep. gain of 1921 for gover-
nor, and of 35 members for the house of rep*resei>
tatives.
Massachusetts election — From the preparatory elec»
tions that have taken place in Massachusetts for
the choice of town oiHccr.s, the election between
Dexter and llrooks, for governor, will probably be M
close one. Salem has a rep. majesty of about 40 —
last year it was about 200 the other way. Glouces-
ter and many other towns have also changed sidei>.
Connecticut' election. — Oliver AVolcott, for gover-
nor and Jonathan Ingersol for Kent. gov. have been
nominated in opposition to the federal ticket.
Silver nine. — It is reported that a silver mine,
which yields one ounce of pure silver to a pound
of ore, lias been discovered, not flu- from' Downing* -
town, Penn. It is further said tb->t the oru is ea.sJ.v
obtained and appears inexhaustible.
Extract of a letter from an American crentlemcm in
Cadiz to hi a brother in /Joxton, dated Jan. 11.
" The Spanish 90 gun ship, San Fernando, in
coming down the Streights under convoy of t!>'
Constellation frigate, met with a violent gale ran!,
was lost near Algiers. She had onboard 2 lieuten-
ants and 60 men, Americans."'
[The Americans on board the above ship belong-
ed to the frigate United Suites, and she 'sailed 'in
company with the frigate from Port Mahon for Car-
thagcmi, on the 4th of December. The next day
she lost her mi/ren top-mast in a gale, and partebL
froivi the frip;ut.;.>. The Americans had taken care
of her to oblige the Spanish authorities, and will
much regret the casualty which has attended their
well meant efforts.]
Capt. Covill, from Gibraltar and Cadiz, informs,
that the S.m Fernando went entirely to pieces soo:i>
artel- she struck, lie did not hear that a;r.- ;,- ,
64 BILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 23,
perished, and from this circumstance it ;s p.obable
none did.
Capt. C. left Gibraltar Dec. 20. A few days be-
fore the fri^aAe United S';.tes sailed from that place
up the Mediterranean, tt was supposed commo-
dore Shaw would despatch a vessel to look after
the Am eric an «, and would require the release of 1he
Spaniards, who otherwise, it was feared, would
l»e retained as prisoners.
General Jackson, .Accompanied by several officers
of the army, recently left. Nashville for Mobile.
A British* soldier who deserted from Canada a few
days ago, was apprehended by a citizen nf Buffalo,
N.'Y. and, under the custody of a consutble, c Tried
across the Niagara and given up. A prosecution
has been instituted against the fellow.
The Creeks. Inconsequence of some late mur-
ders committed by the Creek lam. ns., 6uO troops
are ordered from Fort Hawkins to ti.e interior of'rhe
nation. It is said that some additional military
posts will he established among them. Th"y ap-
pear much opposed to the running of the new boun-
dary line.
An ambassador from the Creek Indians is said to
be in London. But it is stated he is not openly re-
ceived as such. The question is asked — has the
late hostile dispositions of the Creeks any connec-
tion with this agency?
Presidential election. — The following are the names
of the gentlemen recommended to the support of
the people of Pennsylvania, as electors of a presi-
dent and vice president of the United States, by the
republican members in the legislature of that com-
monwealth :
Paul Cox, David Mitchell.
1st. Dist. John Geyer, John Conarcl, Daniel B ussier,
William Brooks.
2. Isaac Anderson, Mathew Roberts.
3. John Molar, John Harrison.
4. Jacob Hostetter.
5. John Rea, William Gilliland
6. Michael Fankenthall, James Wilson.
7. Gabriel Heister.
8. James Maloy.
9. James Banks.
10. Robert Clark, Abiel Fellows.
11. David Marchand.
12. Thomas Patterson.
13. Joseph Huston.
14. Samuel Scott.
15. James Alexander.
The folio v/i ;•;;•; gcnUemen are nominated as the
"republican ticket" for electors of president and
rjce president in North Carolina:
Gen. Joseph Riddick, Gates.
Gen. Thomas W^wns, Hertford.
Judge Hall, Warrenton.
Thomas Ruffin, Hiisborough.
Jesse Franklin S'irry.
Gen. Thomas Love, Haywood.
Gen. P. Forney, Lincointon.
Francis Locke, Salisbury
Gen. Abraham Philips, Rock ing-ham.
Gen. Alexander Gray, Randolph.
Joseph Pickett, Anson.
Thomas King, Sampson.
Nathaniel Jones, C. T. Wake.
James Hoskins, Chowan,
Vine Allen, Newbern.
GEXiCUAl ORDER.
Adjutant and L.-sbector-general's Office,
January 9, 1816.
The rank and file of the army are so far reduc-
ed below the authorised peace'estabiishment, that,
MO discharges will be given to soldiers who arc
not regularly entitled thereto, except on applica-
tion to commanding officers of regiments, corps,
or posts, and on furnishing good and able substi-
tutes, to the satis,? ction of the respective com-
manding officers. In un sucn cases, substitutes
must be regularly enlisted without expence to the
United States.
Bv order of the secretary of war,
D.PARKER, adj. a^Hns. gen.
Parliament of Lower Canada dissolved A gen-
tleman direct f om Canada informs us, that H day or
o before he 'ef Quebec, sir George Brnmmond,
governor of Lower 0 n da, issued a procuration,
decinrintr the provincial parliament dissolved.
The curse v/'ueh ied to this extraordinary measure
s given as follows: — The documents from EngLnd
conveying the pr'u.ce Regent's approbation of Uc
the late conduct of the judges of the supreme court
in that province, when re^c! in parliament, excited a
high state of angry and indignant feeling. In the
moment of extreme exasperation, language wasut-
ered, and measures proposed in the house, which,
the governor deemed indecorous and improper ; and
to put a stop to the procedure, he declared the le-
gislative body no longei in existence — Coin Jldv.
P/attsbnrg; March 2 — We understand that Joseph
Bonap.uMe has purchased a township of land on the
Si. Lawrence, a few miles below Ogdensburgh — and
that he is at present a Ogdensburgh.
Washington City t March ^l. The hon. Mr. Ba*
i?ot, the minister from the.government of Great Bri-
tain to the Uni;ed S'ates, with his family and suite,
arrived in this city on Monday ; having landed at
\nnapo!is, from the frigate that conveyed them to
our shores.
His present residence is at Crawford's hotel ;
though it is understood he has taken a house in the
city, which is not yet prepared for iiis reception.
[Mr. Bagot was presented to the president on
Thursday last, by the secretary of state. He ar-
rived in 'the Niger, of 32 guns; which, on arriving
at Anns-.polis, tired a salute of 17 guns, which was
returned.]
St. Louis, Feb. 24. — We have received a letter
from Mr. Boiivin, Indian agent at Prairie, du Chien,
of a la'e date. Mr. B. describes his situation as
extremely irksome, surrounded by hostile savages
who are in the daily habit of intercourse with the
British traders urging them to hold themselves in
readiness for another war; that the French govern-
ment having now joined the English, the Americans
would be attacked in the spring — enjoining it on
the Indians u> prevent the American troops ascend-
ing the Mississippi to the Prairie, and in no wise
to dispose of any of their lands. They are invited
to a grand council to be held at Maiden, where
they will receive presents from their English father,
also be instructed in xhe kind of deportment they
they are to exhibit to the Americans.
J\'ative Kpsom Suit. We learn by the Louisville
Correspondent that a very ex en.sive cave has been
discovered in Indiana, about 35 miles from Louis-
vine, abounding with native Epsom salt, or sulphate
of magnesia The cave is apparently inexhausti-
ble— the suit of every variety of crystal, is arrang-
ed in all thai fanciful splendor which decorates i he,
grotto of Amipuros. T.,is cuve is the only speci-
nen ksuwi! of vi«e pure suit in a solid form, ex-
cepting in Momoe count}, Ya. vhere it is found im-
dc-r tife surface of the e..nh. In Europe, MIC! p.^r-
ticuiarly in Engu.nd, at u.e Epsom springs, which
vivo iuJiu- 1;> tuis suit, it is obtained from water im-
pregnated with it.
N1LKS' WEEKLY REGISTER.
No. 5 OF VOL. X."
BALTIMORE, SATURIHV, MARCH 3J, 1816.
[WHOUC XO. 239.
Hac olim memimsse juvabit. — VIRGIL.
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. M LKS, AT THK HEAD OF CHEAPSIDK, AT §.5 PKR A^XtTM.
(C/'The supplement to the 9th vol. will be rea-
lly for delivery after Wednesday next, and be im-
mediately forwarded as directed. This heavy job
being disposed of, we shall have mechanical strength
and leisure to furnish our" readers with an extraor-
dinary quantity of valuable matter. Among1 which
arc many tabnLir statements.
Home Market.
We observed, some days ago, that a /tome market
might be created much easier than most persons
im .gined, and gave reason to expect some facts and
remarks on the subject.
I am well aware that, on this, as well as on many
other statistical matters, a great deal must depend
upon propositions arbitrarily assumed and used as
facets — bus if they be within the range of probabili-
ties, and are taken whh a reasonable regard to data
£f Kit can nay be considered absolute — they may an-
swer the purpose of conveying general idea? almost
as well as if they were drawn from positive con-
clusions resulting from actual experiment. How
far we shall succeed in thus offering our proposi-
tions on what we esteem a very curious and very
interesting subject — the political economist and
the public will judge.
It must be admitted that Europe, in a state of
peace, can, and (for the important reason of en-
couraging her own shipping interest) will, supply
herself and her colonies with all sorts of provisions
required. Our foreign trade in these may be con-
sidered as lost — flour is cheaper in the West Indies
than it is in the United States— as, indeed, are near-
ly all sorts of American produce. We hear that a
vessel has arrived at Norfolk from Ireland, with a
"cargo of provisions" which, after paying all charg-
es, will yield a handsome profit. We have antici-
pated incidents in commerce like this — and believe
that others no less strange will abundantly present
themselves to astonish and confound the unreflect-
ing.
Look which way we please, at the world in peace
— and we see the necessity of retiring within our-
selves, as it vv -^ to seek wealth and arrive at
independence;,0 ,e. We have the means to ef-
fect these great fu;mnal and individual objects —
May we have wisdom to discern and strength to
apply them to purposes so important!
The foreign demand and foreign trade although
it has made so much noise in the world, and been
the cause of so many and such bloody wars, is, to
any country, but as "a drop in the bucket" com-
p.K-ed with the home demand Yet such a trade is
exceedingly useful and very interesting, as it car-
ries oft' the surplus product of nations, and gives a
new stimulus to the demand and price of such as
remain to feed and clothe their people. And, when
this demand fails by external causes, or cannot be
supplied by reason of a deficiency of the crops, the
nation, accustomed to enjoy the trade, -sinks into ,
greater or lesser degree of lethargy and dullness, and
a portion of difficulty and distress reaches even
rank of its society. These effects have been felt
in every commercial nation, as its condition has
been changed by the circumstances m which other
Vwi,. X.
utions were placed. Every vessel that arrives
Tom England, furnishes us with accounts of a se-
vere depression of the agricultural interest in tuit
country. It evidently appears that much less grain,
&c. is now raised in England, than was 1'uised the -e
\ree or four years ago, for many thousand farms,
Mien occupied", are vacant; and it c-.mnot be sup-
posed that the English people eat less because' p u-
/isions are cheap, than they did VV.K.II ttu>\ tve
lear: notwithstanding, almost, every article of food
is but a little more than half the price it w.,s il-.r-
ng the great wars just finished; and. as the ux<-s
and requisitions of "the government have been -but
ittle, if any, reduced, misery and extreme dis.rcss
fasten on the farmer. These things are easily Ac-
counted for — her fleets and armies are fed by the
products of other nations, which England hcixelf
also partially supplied. A bounty on the exportation
if grain is spoken of, to relieve the agriculturalists.
It has appeared very clear to me that the people
of the United States are approaching a season of
great difficulty. The importation of foreign goods
has been enormous — equal, perhaps, to four or five
times the value of our exports. Ho-u is tlds m<m*
etrous difference to be paid? I have put this serious
question to several intelligent merchants, and al-
ways received the reply of, " Indeed, I don't know,"
sometimes accompanied by — "unless some new ivar
should break out in Europe, &c." Which, in truth,
I believe is the wish of the mercantile mind — even
the return of Napoleon to France would not be real-
ly ungrateful to many, who lately rejoiced at the
restoration of the Bourbons, the Jesuits and the
inquisition — and the triumphs of the 'fegitimatt's,*
who have sunk the people of Europe from the rank
of men to the level of cattle.
The letter from my friend Isaac Briggs to Mr,
Low/ides, chairman of the committee of ways and
means, published in the last number of this paper,
like his address to Mr. NetUon, chairman of the
committee of commerce and manufactures, is pow-
fully interesting on the subject now immediately
before us. I beseech the lover of moral and po-
litical truth to read both these articles, at least,
a second time; not because they are difficult to
comprehend, but to impress the facts they afford
more deeply on his mind. I do not know that it is
possible to get over the force of his truth, and the
power of his reasoning.
VVe shall now proceed to the purpose of this
essay:
The whole value of the exports of the United
States — the product of the sea; of the forest; of
griculture; of manufactures, 8cc. may be averaged
at 45 millions of dollars per annum. This may,
• herefore, be considered'as the amount of all that we
rave to spare. It bears but a very trifling propor-
tion to the extent of the home demand, and will go
.nit a little way, indeed, in payment for the ciotli-
• ig required by eight millions -vf people.
The enlightened editor of the Emporium,T)r. 77io-
•nas Cooper, lale president of the college nt Car-
lisle, Pennsylvania — a gentleman well known to,
tid higiily esteemed by the literary world, thus
esr.inuues the quantity and v il.ie of the food ne-
ces^ar for fcho- maintenance of a person for eiifi
too
NILES' VYilEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1816.
:c;ir, resulihg from many curious calcuUiioii.
'the g: '.1 for one man per an-
num, t!u-n, will be oi bushels, at 12j'
": : : : $10 62 A
s. 1 Ib. per day, at 6 cent:;
• drink equivalent to 15 00
.ides, salt, pepper, &c. may
be considered at : : : 7 473
*$55 00
fie says, "T am not at this time aware of any ma-
in the above calculation."
A:i able and intelligent friend of the editor; a gen-
tleman verv cautious and prudent in whatever he
advances — estimates tlie expence of clothing- the
people of tiic United States, as follows:-]-
2,933,111 children under 16 years of age, cloth-
ed at an expence of 24 dolls, per an-
num, : : : : : $70,154,565
2,938,982 adults at 25 dolls. 40cts. 74,650,142
136,446 persons at 15 dollars 2,796,690
1,191.564 skives, at 8 dollars <J,530,912
To tli is add 20 dollars a year for each
fiu'rih;, expended in household fund*
'turn of wool, cotton, flax, &c." 20,000.000
177,132, 4i)S
This calculation is predicated upon the eev.s-«(s
of 1810, when tiie whole population of the '
States was 7,239,903 persons — giving1 an average to
t-.u.-.h person of R24 43 cer.tv, for clothing, including
the value of all the cloth used for household pur-
poses
Taking the present population of -the U. States at
8 midio.is, and it probably exceeds it considera-
bly, we have the following results from the calcu-
lations just stated —
8,000,000 at 55 dolls, per annum for
food and drink : : : $140,000,000
The same, at 24 dollars 43 cents for
clothing-, &c. : : : : 199,200,000
643,200,000
And the average cost of feeding and clo tiling-
each individual is 79 dollars and 43 cents per am mm
— and the whole value of our surplus produces ex-
ported, '45,000,000 dollars, would feed and clothe
only- 566,530 persons, or about a 15th part of the
i-hole.
But — of these 45 millions of dollars, about 8 mil-
lions are not of articles calculated to feed or clothe
mankind — being the produceJof the forest, oi
fdpiures, and of the sea, such as oil, and skins, See.
and the tpbaccp and other products of agriculture,
that do not apply to these purposes, may safely be
estimated at 8 millions more; so t.hist we have le^
than 30 millions of dollars worth of commodities
to spare, useful to nourish or slicker the human
race, and support dome.;': And,
therefore, could only supply will t ; gf our
exports, on the preceding calcuiuuons, .
sons, with those artioK s,
Again — the 440 miijio'u
the home consumptiqh of the product of agricul-
1ure, is greatly u
port ab'j-iu
tie, 8.000,000 sheep, C-,00(J,U'
be stifdii estimated a,; con.ii;mi)-ig, ind-fjendent of
''This is UK> high, for the average. But, for the
reasons stated below, may pass.
t-'ce hi:; ', :d detailed statc-
Mu-uts — veil. VI. p. 39J, Wui:kj,Y RKGJB rtn.
thnr pitn!w-age,i]\e worth of 150 millions of dollars
Hence it follows, that each person in
. -States for food and clothing, an
ic animals, uses 98 dolls. 18
:ge; and that the said 30 millions
expor. maintain less thin 300,000 per-
sons, one year — the 150 being added to the afore-
said 643 millions —
T:.: • results appear:
The food and drink of the people of the
, United Spates,. are worth : : $440,000,000
Support of their domestic animals 150,000,000
Cost of their clothing : : :. .199,2..-
Grand total, r 789,200,000
•3 18 cts. for each person, per annum.
"With great deference for the respectable gen-
i from whom these calculations are drawn, I
am of opinion that they are rated considerably
too high. I rather believe that the people r.ti'her
r.on.Mime nor use so great a value for food and cloth-
ing, merely, as they have supposed; but there arc
an immense number of expences incident to the
rtere 6««'»?.v,v »f (iv !•)•?•, that n ;> the gene-
;;d perhaps exceed it. 1 shall,
;'e, admit it as substantially accurate.
Tlie sudden emigration of 3uO,000 persons, would,
then, nuke a home-market that might relieve us al-
together from the want ot a foreign demand for our
produce calculated to feed or clothe a people, sup-
• no part, of their labor was applied to a gin-
culture, producing such commodities. But this
can hardly be anticipated, and certainly ought not
to be calculated upon. I despise any dependence on
foreigners, or foreign nations, though I would wish
them treated hospitably, and v/ith justice; nor
vould I deny the worthy any right I claim for my-
self, in due season. I am always for looking at
home, to build up the republic. If others- help us
— well; if not, we can do without them; and at any
rate, will not rely upon them: though it is probable
much will be done for a home market by men flying-
from Europe to America, to escape the misery that
Belongs to tlie system of things prevailing there at
n-e.seut.
We want and must have a home market, equal
to tlie consumption of a value of 30 millions per an-
num. • •. WE «.•!{>: ATE IT? I answer, by new
pursuits in agriculture, such as the raising of sugar
.-.ml sheep, and the cultivation of hemp and the «' Urti-
ca WUITLOWIJ'J and,by the ettqblifihinffntofcx KNUKU -
L'iiES. It is true, thut the products of agriculture,
calculated for the main objects, will^'icrease with
the population and the improvement' T^he country
— but the latle^, or secondary concerns, may easily
•' up to bear a just proportion — as long1, at
mv children, shall have any concern
with the ali'iii-s of this life. Those to come after
me will look forward further!
*Thia i* a species of the nettle, which t:ikes its
,iie discoverer. This plant, which grows
to the height, of six feel, is covered with a rind,
,,evior to hemp, as the rope
which has been made from it has proved, being
neM-lv doubk- in strength to that made from >'ne
best hemp of Russia; be- ides which, \'~ is c. pable
of beiug'bieached, and possesses a divisibility of
fibre, that it mny be spun and wove into a cloth,
resembling the iinest camel's hair. To v.hat im-
provements this discover}' may lead, is yet for
time to developc. 1 am much mistaken, however,
if it does not become an article of much value and
of hi^-h estimation. — JfutiMud Advocate.
BILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— HOME MARKET.
67
If the whole population of G?.nryiii and Lmi.iuna
could at once be transferred to mere sugar planters,
the business would be comtdete'y don •; for i'u>st t\vo
states could consume nil the excess of provision*
Mid clothing-, (or their value) that the rest of the
states have to spare; and, besides, they wovdd im-
mensely help to keep up our commerce, by such an
event, with the rest of the world, on terms of reci-
procity. But this cannot be hoped for — yet, we
ronsidcr it as probable, that in a few years
(from 3 to 6) that not less than 100,000 persons in
those states'wHi be engaged in the cultivat:-~ '
ion of
that article, receiving' their food and clothing iVoii
others in the neighborhood, or of the neighBoribg
states. So far we appear to advance on tolerable
sure grounds; for my estimate, I apprehend, to be
very moderate, especially if we include in the num-
ber of hands occupied, "the per>?:is employed, 01
deriving- a livelihood from its shipping-, transpor-
tation, ike.
in ;.he management and care of sheep and woo
(in its raw state) there is a great field for a new up
plication of labor, and we might conveniently am
advantageously spare to these objects 25 or 30,00i
persons at present employed in other agricultura
pursuits. \Ve can, certainly, raise wool cheape
than any other people, because lands arc more plen
ly and the taxes lighter upon it than elsewhere —
und if we have more wool than we want for horn
use, ' , by furnishing a new commodity
will still add to the" great purpose of making- aAo;«
market in the business it will furnish to the raer
chant and seaman, -md all others interested in ih
building1, equipment and sailing of ships. Ko\
many American vess<V:s have been built immediate I
in consequence of the culture of cotton? Is it t
be doubted that like causes will produce like e
fects? h'u^ar will be to the United Stat
cotton ij; and it is probable that th? cr.\
wool — or, tit least, iis transport backw
ward:-;, may also employ some thousands of tons of
shipping, tit ;no very remote period.
loihcrthat t wish' to obtain. This is a rule abso.
He, and applies to every state and condition of
fc and business.
The old proverb says, ":-n ounce of practice is
rorth a po ind of theory." 1 shall, therefore, a<l-
uce a case that lias been communkv'.rd to vnr hv
very distinguished gentleman, a member of con-
fess, high in the confidence of his country, with
vhom I had the honor of an exceeding'
ng conversation, on the necessity of a home warL-:t,
ot long ago. It is quite analagous to the m:;t!ei*
>efore us; and, on a small scale, exactly shews. what
nay be done as a national concern.
He observed, that a few years since, the _s'.a plus
products of the county he lived in, except of its
taple commodity, (tobacco) was lost to t!
ners thereof f ;r want of a market. There was no
)bcc to which they could send a few bushels ol"
.vheat or corn, or any thing else they had to spare,
to raise a little money. Many articles v, ere, there-
fore, used profusely "or wantonly wasted, bting-of
comparative value bevond the wants of' the farni-
ipar,
ly and the stock of the fufrn, and the culth'ution was,
of course, neglected. .The consequence -followed,
that the farmers never had wliat might be . •
running cAsh; once in a year i'n-.-y iveeivcd large
sums of mor.ev, and all the rest \v as a blank. But,
the establishment of a tjtannfactopy'nesir the centre
of the county, employing in all ab« -sons,
had effected a change th^tone would have thought,
impossible in a population of tea tho-.i.;u:'.d souls —
for these, with their hoi-:.c: and cattle, h,,ve created
a market that consumes the whole surplus provi-
sions of the county — a marketer ;>ts ot*
grain av.d stock, : ice. Sic,
find the cash ready to : :ed for ihcii.— and
tlie happy result is, that few oi' the farmers avq now
without curr&nt ^ pny Knudi bills accru-
ing; \vhich WHS n -/re. V.'imt
•y consume,
( ob s'e r v e<i t ' • : \ 1 ^ c c o n ;-- i d e r c d
as acler.r gain to the people of tue county — and so,
my countrymen, if they have felt ar.y inconvenience
from 'his iictv employment • f a part of t'uejr fellow-
citizens — if they are srn-ible of ;jiy disadvantage
that has resulted therefrom? .1 have never heard of
any complaint, and presume that none can be urg-
ed". But the labor of those persons, 175,000 in num-
ber, is haraly felt in the general scale of things,
and the vise of their fabrics would go but a little
way to supply the whole population of the United
States with cloihing. We are fully capable of fur-
nishing and supporting double the number; und
these, protected as they ought to be, , nuking again
new emplc . .'ew businesses for thousands
of ot i; , iix a home market at our own doors,
read;, all the surplus products we have,
and .make \\\- ip.d.-peiidcnt of a foreign demand. I
\;o mur.h oa tiie i^jject; but there
JIT-, cars RP, emli!'}*, n'.'a.iiule necessity /or this- — or the
country musl lose the whole amount annually of
iuMsp.u;e. It requires 'no ghost to teli
m1 i .-i bushel of wheat n: ore
o:1 use, or find a market i';r,
th. . lue, is lost to him. HP
( : i:, the ueuiuiul fov
kn unjcio that I have, that liices, lo inc, tiie value of
\
and I
cotton
capable of employing 1UU,U'JU persons; una tnose or d}g ^^ by u m^ h| , -^ !U.;:,hb;>rhood of iny t>a.m
wool.75,000, _cxchuuve of such as are em] d who ,viu 0;nslimc tlft1 .;v product/ winch
in what, for clistmction-sake I snail call hmisehokl l cQukl ^ otherwtse"^l, than half as much to
manufactures. I appeal to the most observant oi\ ^^ ,ivin.,td a ji.Uuce, aid wauXihg no;
me but the cash.
"With how great force does this apply to the si-
tuation of tho Uni. te • ' -S . / Farmers
if America, look to it — eiieuhtU- for yourselves. —
Suppose there is no foreign demand for your p;ovi-
sious, and there cfrt;.:jiiy v/ill be no demand ir'the
peace lasts in Europe — suppose the present rmiru-
facturiiig establijlvniejit.8 in the Uni'.ec'. States •
ton wid wool, onii;, to r.il, (ibe people eiiipioved in
which consume at K-asi a fourih as m;'CM of your
products us have l>cen exported) r.nd the p'
'
therein, inhK-nd oi' con s in -i ing, are com-
pelled to r;.isc ar.icies for their o\vn food— and
whut \v . rice ofabu.-:,'-; ;),' whie'atf-^*
P
I should hardly ex];<ct it WO a
I present price. Aud t.liis dii'Dinvtiivjn oi' v. Ire wift
•t< ;/,//(i-- you hi i t!i r;:-
I of i;ia:nais, as w,-!i as
apply to en
to driiik. th
ge^b.cs.
vcver,
le-t "
r products arc
reduced in price only one-third, arid see how the*
tiling will WorL:
The estimated value of the food and .I'-ink of tii^C
people of the United biate:;, aiid
58 KILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1816.
port of their horses and other stock, is estima-
ted at : : : : : $590,000,000
Add the surplus provisions and raw
materials for clothing- that may be
spared from the home consumption
30,000,000
Grand total per annum 620,000,000
One -third of which, is
On the other hand —
206,666,666
Tre cost of the clothing- of the people is esti-
; at §199,200,000— of which you, agricultur-
al is ts, pay only about ] 00,000,600— for, although you
are iar the most numerous class, yet, by a greater
economy in dress, it cannot be presumed that you
consume a much greater value than all the other
of the American population.
In the event of your products falling one-third in
v;duf: as above supposed, we may expect, also, that
the price of clothing will be reduced — say it falls
one half, though so much is impossible, and you
hi-.ve 50 1," ill ions gained against 206 millions lost.
Strike iht balance.,
Again — suppose that with a bold and generous
hand, the government should resolve to protect and
encourage our manufactures, and that thereby the
price of clothing should be advanced 25 per cent
<;ver what it. now is (and much less than that will
do more than the manufacturers desire) and herein
should spring up a home market, to takeoff our sur-
plus and keep up the price of your commodities,
as it assuredly would do, by ways and means natu-
ral and easy of operation — you would have the 206
millions gain, for 25 millions lost.
Nor is this vast difference for the advantage of
the farmer only. The merchant and dealer, and
mechanic and artist would nearly feel an equal
benefit from it.
I do" not know how these propositions may appear
to others— some may think them wild and fanciful,
and be disposed to reject them without examination
— and others may, in hastily looking at them, startle
at the exertion of mind they suppose may be ne-
cessary to understand them, and pass them over as
something "curious and well enough to lay />?/." But
to me, they seem bottomed on the broad principles
of reason and truth, easy to be understood, and of
great importance. All I ask for them is an atten-
tive perusal; requesting each political economist
to correct and apply them as his judgment shal
direct.
Remains of ancient Fortifications
COMMUNICATED FOB. THE WEEKLY REGISTER.
The number and appearances of the aborigina
defences in the western counties of this state, ex
cite many curious and interesting enquiries. I saj
aboriginal, because the great antiquity of these
works preclude the possibility of their being of Eu-
ropean origin. Trees of the largest size and mosi
ancient growth are now standing in the ditches oi
the forts;* yet these are obviously the successor;
to an earlier growth of trees which have fallen be
neath the devouring-hand of time, and whose de
cayed trunks can be distinctly traced across th<
entrenchments. Thus we have visible and tangi
ble evidence that these fortifications were construct
ed before the discovery of America by Columbus
Our largest forest trees 'are from two tc three hun
red years old; and the circumstance of two gro \
pon the same spot, clearly and demonstrably gives
the defences in question, an antiquity of five cen-
uries,
These ancient forts are found in the greatest
umber between Onondaga and Buffalo; though I
ave seen them as far east as Sackett's Harbor, and
s far west as the Miami-of-the-lakes. They con-
is t, for the most part, of circular entrenchments,
nclosing from one to ten acres of ground, with a
itch on the outside, excepx. at the gateway, and are
mostly, though not all situated on eminences. Many
f them either encompass water, or are located near
living stream. Yet I have noticed several near
rhich no water is to be found, and where it would
e difficult to procure it by digging. Some appear
o have been chosen with great military acumen,
vhile others are too low to admit of security or de-
~..w,even against arrows; having their areas com-
manded by circumjacent heights, or situated in
allies. They are always found at, or in the vicini-
y of salt springs; from which fact many elucidat-
inferences may be drawn. There are t-wo at
he Onondaga salt works. At Montezuma there
re two— one, on each side of the Cayuga-outlet.
These last are on eminences which would lead one
o believe that their sites had been selected for the
pecial use and conveniences of artillery. There
.re also two salt springs in Gennessee county, near
o which are the remains of ancient forts. In Onon-
aga, Cayuga and Ontario counties, there are up-
wards of twenty similar works— all bearing cor-
esponding marks of age — all obviously the labors of
lie same people. There is one in the immediate vi-
inity of this village, situated on a commanding
nil/ in all respects a military position. This dif-
ers from the others in one respect— the southern
ide, being on the brow of the hill, has no ditch,
nd which, consequently, must have been picketted.
It is not true, that gun-barrels, axes and pieces
f iron, have been found in and near these forts.—
Neither are there any proofs to establish the be-
icf that a fugitive Spanish army ever built noctur*
nil forts to protect themselves from savage attack.
The only substances indicative of the origin of these
antiquities, which have withstood the lapse of ages,
are bones and fragments of earthen-ware. Pottery
was an art which was carried to a perfection un-
known to the Indians of the present day. The bo-
dy of the fragments appears to have been composed
of small pebbles, cemented and beautifully glazed
and ornamented. But appearances may be decep-
tive- perhaps, it was formed of pounded stones, to
which time has given the form and resemblance oi
pebbles. The quantity found in and about the forts,
and ploughed up in the fields, is a conclusive argu-
ment in favor of excessive population, which is fully
confirmed by the nearness to each other of the rums
I have only given facts,
their own conclusions.
Auburn, JV. Y. Jan. 1816.
Your readers will draw
LE BRUN.
This, it will be perceived, is only applicable to
those forts where the timber has not been felled by
the inhabitants.
Defence of Baltimore.
IN THE CITY COUNCIL.
The joint committee appointed by the two
branches of the city council, to report, "what rn^a-
««sures are necessaiy to perpetuate m a nutaM
"manner the remembrance of the signal repulse,
"and defeat of the late enemy before Baltimore,
"on the 12th and 13th of September, 1814, beg
leave to submit the annexed resolve, together with
such observations, as in their opinion, the occasio
calls for.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—DEFENCE OF BALTIMORE. £9
Your committee are of opinion, that there are inition. Ignoble and coward thoughts vanished, and
*h« affairs of nations, of cities and communities, cer- each one with alacrity took the post assigned him.
tain important eras, which naturally call for some j Much was to be done in order to place a large open
commemorative institution. When a people are1*
rescued from the grasp of despotism, when their
condition is ameliorated by some momentous revo-
lution, or when they have escaped some heavy im-
pending calamity, through the intervention of a be-
nign Providence, the human mind in all ages, has
sought as well to record these^ events with indeli-
ble "characters on the page of "history, as to keep
them continually in view by monumental remem-
brances. For the latter of these purposes were
the arts of sculpture, architecture and painting in-
troduced among men. These present the subjects
intended to be commemorated before the eyes of
thousands, who may not have time or opportunity
to consult the volume of history, and produce a
more lively impression on the minds of those who
are not so debarred. To our youth, they furnish
the most solemn and impressive lessons, and kindle
a noble ardor to imitate these great examples. A
brief review of thatnever-to-be-forgotton period in
the history of this city, when all America trem-
bled for her fate, will shew with how much reason,
\ve regard it as important. — Never can it pass from
our memories, while gratitude holds her seat in our
hearts, or while we continue to honor the brave ci-
tizens, who bled and died in her defence.
The country had been filled wiih anguish, asto-
nishment and dismay at the successful attact upon
our capital; we forgot for a moment that it was but a
straggling village, defended by an inadequate force
— by militiaxhastily drawn together a few hours be-
fore, fatigued and worn down by extraordinary ex-
ertions, and we felt as if a vital blow had been
struck at our national existence. It was discover
ed, that our foes had thrown aside the restraint of
civilization, and were resolved on the most cruel
and barbarous warfare. This was unequivocally
displayed, in the wanton destruction of private pro-
perty, and in the mutilation of the most splendid
monuments of the arts of which this new world
could boast. In their hasty retreat from the con-
flagration at Washington, it was easily perceived
that Baltimore was destined to be the next victim
When the name of that hero and statesman, whose
illustrious example is no longer the exclusive right
of any portion of the globe, but belongs equally to
the whole human race, could afford no protection,
what was to be expected by Baltimore, the peculiar
object of their enmity — their most active and en-
terprising foe?
The return of our fellow
citizens from the tin-
successful attempt to defend the unfortunate capi-
tal, brought to us the afflicting account which spread
a gloomy panic over our city, now thought to be
already in the deadly grasp of her unsparing ene-
my. It is not to be wondered at, that the first sen-
sations experienced on this awful occasion were
those of despondency. A powerful fleet and veter-
an army, urged on by the prospect of booty, were
every moment expected to make their appearance
before our city, at that moment in a state almost de
town in a situation to be defended by inexperienced
militia. Excepting 'the fort, which defended the
entrance to the harbor, this city which had grown
up in an interval of peace, was without a single mi-
litary work. What an interesting spectacle did
she exhibit in the sudden transition of the employ-
ments of her industrious inhabitants from the avo-
cations of peaceful life to the turbulent scenes of
war! The merchant, the mechanic, the profession-
al man laboring- together in the same trench, serv-
ng the same piece of artillery, or exposed to the
nost inclement weather, and performing the duty
of veterans. Such was the scene which Baltimore
exhibited previously to the powerful attack by the
^orces of Great Britain. We beheld a peaceful ci-
y transformed on a sudden into a martial camp; its
inhabitants throwing off their civic habits, and feei-
ng all at once the ardor of the patriot soldiers of
Greece or Rome. We behold friends and ncigh-
>ors, brothers and even father and son, old men and
boys scarcely able to wield a musket, mingled in the
same company; united in defence of all that is deal-
to the human heart. Notwithstanding this deter-
mined attitude which Baltimore assumed, the con-
:est was yet regarded as most doubtful; its proba-
ble result was indeed against her. Assailed by land
and sea by so powerful a force, to contend with,
troops flushed with recent victory, under perfect
discipline, and impelled by the hope of obtaining a
rich booty, 'with preparations of defence made in
the greatest possible haste, her situation, had she
taken a moment to weigh the chances of war, must
have appeared desperate indeed. The defence
thus manfully undertaken under circumstances
so discouraging cannot but heighten the merit
of success. Scarcely had there been time allow-
ed for these hasty preparations for the reception
of the enemy, when on the llth of September, 1814,
he made his appearance at the mouth of the Patapsco
with a fleet of ships of war and transports amount-
ing to fifty sail, besides a great number of smaller
vessels. On the same day the land forces to the
number of at least seven thousand men, the veterans
of Wellington, debarked at North Point, and on
the day following advanced towards our city. The
Baltimore brigade, composed of citizens of the
place, claimed the honor of being the first to meet
the invader and check his insolent march: They
accordingly went forth to give him a foretaste of
the manner and spirit with which he might expect
to be received. The enemy was unexpectedly met
by an advanced party of the brigade, and in a skir-
mish which ensued their commander in chief, gen.
Ross, was killed. At first disconcerted, then exas-
perated by this unforeseen and signal misfortune,
they rushed forward under the orders of their next
in command, to revenge the death of their leader.
The brigade, although not more than fourteen
hundred strong, received with coolness the onset of
a force so superior in numbers and discipline.
They maintained a brave fight and made consiclera-
fenceless. In this situation of the public mind, appal-lble slaughter amongst the enemies of our countrv;
led as it were by terrors from which there appeared
no possible escape—our citizens determined on a de-r
fence; each endeavored to dispel the feelings of des-
pondency by the example of his own resolution; new
energy was inspired, and we were taught that a peo-
ple contending in defence of their families and their
homes, ought never to despair! The period of des-
holding their ground until that enemy approached
within twenty paces, when prudence dictated that
they should retire to the post assigned them in the
general line of defence. Many of our most wor-
thy and now lamented fellow citizens, on that day,
offered up their lives as a sacrifice on the altar of
their country, for the protection of our fire-sides
ppndency was not of long duration — it soon yielded and to secure to us that safety and prosperity which
to the busy and anxious aote of dreadf-il prepara-'wenow enjoy. Shall these brave men ever be for
70
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1816.
gotten? Shall we shew ourselves ungrateful 1-y iof Raltimc
neglecting1 to pay clue honor i -paries? or {the impor'
most jiu'cihly impress us wltii
1 , aiul will ecu,
rattier what honors can our gratitude devise, com- j the best argument in favor of a suitable cor,;
mensurate with the biessings they have procuredlration. \Vhen a people are so sunk in ap;.-
Us? One hundred and sirti>-'!r-fe of our fcliow-cili- lost to generous feel 1.1
zens, nearly (,m:.-eis-kik<rf the force engaged, bicclor. j tions to paws away um;oii'*ed and unmarked, i; is an
that occasion! This is no summer parade of patri- j evidence that they are in a f:iir way of l.o
otism. The immediate consequence of this sffair|r3pirit which produced them. Wf ?.re neither v.'ant-
was -o check the progress of the British army, and! ing- in public spirit, nor in individual enterprise,
'
to p:*ove to them that a resistance \i pfcu-'and we arc f'ni:.' conscious that there is still some-
ed very different from that which they 'had antici-j thing higher due to the nobler feeling's of Immunity;
pated. Their accounts of the buttle shew in what to those exalted sentiments which shew a p>
light it was regarded by them.
They magnified our force to "
six thousand men,"
and vauntingly told of their having "put one thou-
sand iwrs de .cumbut.'" Their loss was double ours,
according to the most reasonable estimate, and it
\v;.s greyer, even according to their own ack now-
led^-, .icnL-;: so l!i;;t, when we add to this, the loss
of their commander, they could boast of but a bar-
ren victory. But to us, it was attended with all the
effects of a real victory; it infused new courage and
confidence in our troops, too much disposed to mag-
nify the prowess of their foes; their chief was no
more; the invincibles of Wellington had been with-
stood by raw militia. The effect of this affair on
the result of the contest was signally beneficial.
The enemy cautiously approached the entrench-
ments, lined by freemen; and, alter viewing theiv
position, and having already formed some estimate
of the resolution with which they were animated,
i itnrudentto retire.
Our cuy was still more awfully threatened from
another qu.ivter. Brit for the unexampled defence
of *"nri A! "Henry, all our efforts on the land side
would have been vain. On the 13th of September,
1814, the most cveilf.d day that Baltimore evei
kne-.v, the energy's ships formed a crescent round
the fort ar.d commenced a tremendous bombard-
Tnenc, winch continued, with Little interruption, for
be possessed of more generous incentives to action
than the mere sordid, interested desire of g\iin
Occurrences of less moment, have given rise to so-
lemn festivals and to pompous celebrations. Bal-
timore has laid the found:-'. ion of a monument to
the memory of our fellow-ci'a/.e-n.s who fell on the
memorable twelfth and thirteenth of September,
1814, and it is proposed op this occasion, at the
y.iblic expence, to illustrate the events of those
important days, on which the fate of our city was
o critically suspended, by instituting some suita-
ble memorial. This is proposed to be done by two
paintings, the one of the battle of North -Point,
where our fellow-citizens first met the enemy, and
the other of the bombardment of Fort M''ilcnry,
where an awful attack was resisted 'with the most
glorious success. Your committee are of opinion
that more admirable subjects never offered them-
selves to the genius of the painter. Where can we
find a more touching, and we may say, sublime
spectacle, than that of a peaceful city, thus threat-
ened with utter destruction by a force deemed in-
vincible, resolving on her defence in a moment of
I panic, and without experience in war. A
city filled with women and children and old men —
their defenders, their stay and support and depen-
dence, in peace as well as in the hour of battle —
equally alarmed by the dangers impending- over
tveiiu v'-fonr hours; during* which time upwards of j themselves, and by those which threatened their
iif'.ccr, hundred .large shells were thrown, we-',
eacl. two hundred pounds, besides a vast number of
round shot and rockets. The fort was defended by
a gallant officer, and ir.nnncd by citizen-soldiers of
beloved soldiers. What spectacle amongst men,
can have more of sublimity, than that exhibited by
those citi/en soldiers marching forth from the bosom
of their families, cheerfully to devote them •
Baltimore, in conjnnctio ffy of :,e;«-fenci-i in a cause sanctified by every earthly endearment!
bier-awl regulars. 1 Inch then The appearance of a regiment, moving under . Mch
agit.tu d the bosom of every inhabit atit_of this city, I circuir.st mces, must impress every generous
•vviil never be i'tirgo:ten; nor the joy with which we v.-ith sensations very different from ihe sig-hc of the
hui'ed, on '. he return of ;;loriou3, the be- mercenary hireling who fights for his pay, to gratify
ovcd Hag of our country, stiil waving ]n proud de- the guilty ambition of a master, witli a savage fero-
city in the contemplation of his prey. View it as
may, all modern history m;.y be challenged to
loved
ot' o-ir
ariffc. We had here also to lament
the loss of some of our most respectable townsmen,
Yv-Iio fell at their posls. The invader, baffled in all
his attempts, was compelled, at last, to retire, and
our city once more lifted up her head in gladness.
The this sign.d, and ahnost unhoped.
for repulse, raised the. character e>f Jjaltirhpre
throughout the whole union. The conduct of her
cili/.ei's was cited as wori!;;/ of imitation, and the
misfortune of our arms i;t W.isl.ington were for the
time forgotten or considered as retrieved. The
produce a subject more finely adapted to the most
elevated efforts of the painter: for it is not the con.
flict merely that we arc to consider, important aa
it is, but the great example, the admirable lesson,
the fine trait of history conveyed to future times,
standing on equality with the noblest of antiquity.
It is by such traits tliat the history and character of
nations are formed. It is these occurrence:;, which
bestow
upon them an independent and distinctive
event was the most consoling and encouraging to the | existence. The brave'dcfence of Baltimore will no
whole nation, at that moment much ernbarrav.-ed ! doubt be recorded in history with all the honor
and depressed; and it is not too much to say, that
this affair, together wuh uiat pi
productive of the most in-,- ct upon tat
ultimate result ol it day Balti-
more assumed :• proud rank [he American
cities, and her future hopes were rixed upon
riyh^Liefo. •> ;ve enumerate all
those fads, stiii recci;- mories of our fel-
low-citizens? Because, the simple recital <
story Of the preservation — nay, of the second U.-tH.
which it infills; but as a community, we ought to
:;ew that we arc not insensible to
:y of the achievement. What Baltimorean—
ican, v ill not feel a generous glow of
exuhation, and pride of country, when he beholds
these monumental testimonials of the valor ami vir-
tue of hi:-- cw.ntrymen? Nothing contributed so
much in ihe bright days of Greece and Rome, to
keep alive their patriotic feelings and public spirit,
us their national monuments.
KILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— FOREIGN ARTICLES.
Foreign Articles.
. LATE FROM EUROPE.
The sbe.-'ch OL •• prince regent, rear/ by
the lord chancellor, on opening pariiamtnt, is giveu
belov»*.
The Briiish government have paid 50Q,000<£ *oj|rtes Of their terri-orv.
the Portuguese tor tiie detention of their slave! T, 1
vessels.
Rus<-oe, Clarke & Roscoe, at Liverpool, are said
to have tailed for cNO/K/y£.
An article from Ro.ne says, the emperor of Chi-
na lias revoked the edict against the Jesuits, and
allowed Christian n;b;,ionaries io be sent to his em-
pire.
Of France. Paris dates to the 31st Jan. are re-
ceived by way of England. We hud before heard
dertaken personally the l.-.le expedition against
jthe Jl''i:habe<i .'Irabsfaw at leiu'-th iermin^cdK with
I complete success. Afier driving1 tKjm from Mec-
'ca. Medina, and the ], Une Jie'd' sea, fak-
ing possession of their in-cut inland capital 'i\,'-a-
be, 8cc. the stronghold on which they diidiv tle-
j pcntled, and by pi -i to the remotest con-
that the tfifCfflured Jhtg had been hoisted even in
P.orclcaux (tiio-igh it was soon got do.vn) and that
great disturbances existed in the neighborhood of
Lyons, &,c. These reports are amply Confirmed —
bill the French press dares not teli .the truth of
such matters — it is perfectly under charge of the
police. It is stated, however, that they were dis-
arming1 the people near Lyons, and that gen. La-
vallee i-.;id Gaiers had been arrested there as chief*
of the mill-contents — or '''pan-lots.'* The circnla-
t/o.i ff <'•'.';"' ;'''--'/'/ wx'fptipers an^d pamphlets have beer
•;:/ forbidden in Fruncf. J 'his is announced fa
private loiters, fur the Frenr.Ji press dares not men-
tion it. Glorious is the return of the Bourbons —
the rate of Spain seems about to be fastened on
France, if the people will bear it. 7'o the dungeon,
is the order of the day. Perish all who support
this terrible despotism! Ln\:alctt<: is said to have
to CngL.ul, [will he be safe there?} — the
Brussels papers to the 20th mention tha; Eu-
gene IJeauhari.ois had been declared a dulre cf
iJavaria and generaHsshtio of ihe. Buva^rari army.
Bavaria, Wurtejnb'eBjf, and Baden have, accor-
ling lo some acco i led an alliance \vkii.
respect to their present possessions.
Prince lii-.:c'.u-.r is sp much delighted \vith the
conduct of Madame Lavalette that lie lias sent an
address of tlumks to Iiev.
A London article of January 27th, says — " "\Y>
are assured that in consequence of the duke of
Wellington's having' marched back a body of Eng-
lish troops to Paris, so much jealousy has been ex-
pressed by the ministers of Russia ar.d Prussia^ and
a remonstrance of so
strong'
nature lias been
made ag-ainst it, that the British troops are actual-
ly to be withdrawn, and the first division was to
quit Paris yesterday."
Retirement of Burdett. Sir Francis Burdett hiu;
communicated to the electors of Westminster his
resolution to retire from parliament; as he can ren-
der no benefit to his constituents in the present,
svate of the house of commons, and of the nation.
The people, he says, are cheated, sold and arbi-
trarily ruled by their own servants; and "the house
of commons, instituted to redress grievances, is be-
come tJie gi-i'ittt'tit of grievances; itself the ready
instrument of ail oppressions." Until a saving- spi-
scaped, to bngiancl, [wul nets sate there.- \— tae rit animates the nation, he must retire— parii.-xnient
Englishmen arrested on his account have been li- cannot be expected to reform itself. "They will
berated on giving bail. 7 'a 'leyraml has determined no more part with their rotten boroughs than a
not to emit. Paris except bv compulsion. AWw: ;,;.. • ,,- ,-. m-.n with hie ^;,^^ic " ,\ c *K;. e^^.-i, ;«
borough
highwayman with his pistols." As this' speech is
a sort of epoch in Hritish history — an index of the
maximum of corruption and misrule, we shall in-
sert it at large as soon as convenient. — Columbian,.
IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.
HOUSE OF LORDS, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 1.
G/ic';iing of the session.
The house met at two, when the royal commis-
sioner:.;, the archbishop of Canterbury, the lord
chancellor, the duke of Montrosc, lord iiunoby, and
not to quit Paris except by compulsion,
has gone off. Gen. Travot has been arrested. There
is a talk of abolishing the natiotud institute.' — ty-
ranny wars with the sciences. The convention be-
tween tiie principal allied powers relative to the
final fUte of Honaparte, dated the 2d of August
L.S., is published. It stipulates that he is to be
considered their prisoner — that the custody of him
is en; rusted to the Urititli .government, who are au-
thorised to select the place of his coniinement, and
devise the measures of securely keepisg'ium — each
courv. to have .a commissioner to abivle at his piace
of residence, and the king4 of France to be invited
to appoint c;;e.
Monsieur Hyde de Xeuviiie was on the point of,
embarking tbf the United States as ambassador from tcg9£? f p(-',CCa a? f°llo'V;i :~
Louvs. He formerly resided here \vi , h gen. Moreau, / ^
and i, wellspoken of. . ^Ve :u'e c-m.iai:;. royal highness the
A man in P£& has printed an account of the de- P™lce re-ent' to JW ! ^ at
cay and disgrace of the British navy, as exemplin-j ^ continuMice o< ius n,^,,^ ^s ^muuea maisno-
ed iu tiie late war with Artfcrica, and shows how Sll;cO!!',, • . •
" laeprincercgentdirect.su:-; to acquaint you,
that lie lias had the greatest satisfaction iii calling
you together, under circumstances which ena: >
| to announce to you i he restoration of peace til]
' out Em-op: .
ird Sh.ansbury, sent for the house of commons. —
The speaker having come into the house of lords
attended by the members of the commons, in Lne
usual manner, tiie iord c.^aeciujr read tlte prince
its ruin may be completed. It has this epigraph,
tlj)el<nula tist Cfirthage" And this work is dedica-
ted, with aitthoritytto t'ne duke of A!igoul»-me.
Letters from Rome express some astonishment!
at late orders received from the p.-ince regent, ad-
dressed to the great sculptor C.mova, directing
him to erect a monument to tiie cardinal
the last descendant of the house
Pretender)* who died at Rome some
Letters from Egypt; of the 20th July, state, that
Mahommed All, tne reigning viceroy who had un
"T'ne splendid and decisive success obtained .by
ordinal of Yorh ! his majcsly's arms, and those of his ::lties, had led,
of Stuart ftii'e "^ an ear^y Pei'i°d °f the campaign, to the ;•
ne vettt'S since blishinent of the authority of his most ciH-isikin
* ." . , .- ' ^ majesty iii the capital of hu dominions1 ; and .
been since that time .his royal l.ighnc'ss's i;v
Ijnest endeavor to pro?-!- x-inents a^
*As the British called iiun — but more likely a le-\ appeared to him best c.dcubted to pro- iuc- ibr \\\a
gitimate prince, and certainly as fairly an heir ioj lasting repose ami sccu; ity of fv
die crown as the present incumbent 'T.i the adjustment of these arrangements it was"
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1816.
natural to expect that many difficulties would oc
cur ; but the prince regent trusts it will be found
that by moderation and firmness, they have been
effectually surmounted.
" To the intimate union that has happily subsist-
ed between the allied powers, the nations of the
continent have twice owed their deliverance. His
royal highness has no doubt that you will be sen-
sible of the great importance of maintaining1 in its
full force that alliance, from which so many advan-
tages have already been derived, and which affords
the best prospect of the continuance of peace.
" The prince regent has directed copies of the
several treaties and conventions which have been
concluded to be laid beforeyou.
" The extraordinary situation in which the pow
firs of Europe have been placed, from the circum-
stances which have attended the French revolution,
and more especially in consequence of the events
of last year, has induced the allies to adopt precau-
tionary measures which they consider as indispen-
sably necessary for the general security.
" As his royal highness has concurred in these
measures from a full conviction of tluur justice and
sound policy, he relies confidently on your co-opera-
tion in such proceedings as may be necessary for
carrying them into effect."
" "Gentlemen of (he house of commons,
" The prince regent lias directed the estimates
for the present year to be laid before you.
"His royal highness is happy to inform you that
the manufactures, commerce and revenue of the
united kingdom, are in a flourishing condition.
"The great exertions which you enabled him to
make in the course of the last year, afforded the
means of bringing the contest in which we were en-
gaged, to so glorious' and speedy a termination.
''The prince regent laments the heavy p. essure
upon the country which such exertions could not
fail to produce; and his royal highness lias com-
manded us to assure you, that you may rely on
every disposition on his part, to concur in such
measures of economy, as may be found consistent
with the security of the country, and with that sta-
tion which we occupy in Europe."
"W/;/ lards and gentlemen,
"The negociations which the prince regent an-
jiouncecl to you, at the end of the last session of
parliament, as being in progress; with a view to a
commercial arrangement between this country and
the United States of America, have been brought
to a satisfactory issue. His royal highness lias
given orders, that a copy of the treaty which lias
been concluded shall be laid before you; and he
confidently trusts that the stipulations of it will
prove advantageous to the interests of both coun-
tries, and cement the good understanding which so
happily subsists between them.
"The prince regent has commanded us to inform
you, that the hostilities in which we have been in-
volved in the island of Ceylon and on the conti-
nent of India, have been attended with decisive
success.
"Those in Ceylon have terminated in an arrange-
ment highly honorable to the British character, and
which cannot fail to augment the security and in-
ternal prosperity of that valuable possession.
"The operations in India have led to an armis-
tice which gives reason to hope that a peace may
have been concluded on terms advantageous to
our interests in that part of the world.
"At the close of a contest so extensive and mo-
mentous as that in which we have been so long
engaged in Europe, and which has exalted the
character and military renown of the British nation
beyond all former example, the prince regent can-
not but feel, that under Providence, he is indebted
for the success which has attended his exertions,
to the wisdom and firmness of parliament, and to
the perseverance and public spirit of his majesty's
people.
"It will be the prince regent's constant endeavor
to maintain, by the justice and moderation of his
conduct, the high character which this country
has acquired amongst the nations of the world;
and his royal highness has directed us to express
his sincere and earnest hope, that the same union
amongst ourselves, which has enabled us to sur-
mount so many dangers, and has brought this event-
ful struggle to so auspicious an issue, may now an-
imate us in peace, and induce us cordially to co-
operate in all those measures which may best ma-
nifest our gratitude for the Divine protection, and
most effectually promote the prosperity and hap-
piness of our country."
The following is a copy of a minute transmitted
by order of gen. Maitland, governor of Malta, to
the British consuls in the minor Barbary states,
who have been placed under his control, by the
British government. From the friendly disposi-
tion which it evinces toward those states, we may
infer that the chivalrous project of sir Sidney
Smith is not sanctioned by the British government.
Minute, by his excellency tfo governor.
Whereas his excellency has received directions
from his majesty's government, to take under his
immediate orders and control, the various British
consuls resident in the Barbary states, (with the
exception of Morocco) his excellency is pleased to
pul 'ish the same, with the view that all persons
[laving any claims or reclamations to make on this
subject mii.y address the same to the chief secreta-
ry of his majesty's government in this island. And
whereas it is his excellency's most earnest and
anxious wish to maintain, in the fullest manner, that
system of good understanding and amity which has
fortunately so long existed between the Barbary
powers and the British government ; he hereby in-
vites the said consuls, and others whom it may con-
cern, to enter into the fullest communications with
him on all points, where the joint interest of Great
Britain and the said powers may be involved, assur-
ng them that it will be his studious endeavor to
maintain and cherish that system of liberality, good
faith and candor, for which "the British nation is so
eminently distinguished.
Palace", Valette, Oct. 12, 1815.
By command of his excellency,
(Signed) A. WOOD,
Acting chief secretary to government.
To the editors of the Mercantile Advertiser.
" Bordeaux, Feb. 8th, 1316.
' Gentlemen,
" It appears that a conspiracy has been formed
o a considerable extent, the object of which it is
LS yet impossible to unriddle. As usual, number-
ess surmises have been formed upon the subject;
and what we have been informed of is merely this :
hat several persons have been arrested in Paris,
Lyons, Bordeaux and Metz, and some lives have
een lost at the latter place in the attempt to sur-
ri/.c the fortress by the conspirators; for my part
;un inclined to believe that these machinations
are secretly encouraged by the English, with a view
o Polandize this country."
" I have it from good 'authority that the celebra-
ted Laine, in conference some days since with the
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— CONGRESS.
king and council, recommended strongly to them
to encourage and promote the most friendly inter-
course vrith the United States ; and represented to
them in the most forcible manner, that the United
Spates were the only power who could in the course
of a few years relieve, by their naval power and
weight of interest, (in a great degree) the burthen
which Prance ROW groans under."
Letters received by a French gentleman in this
city from France, and dated in January, state thai
M. Cambaceres, late arch -chancellor of the em
pire, was notified by Louis's government, that he
must quit the country, according to the law of am-
nesty. On which he produced his diploma from
the emperor of Russia, constituting him one of his
privy council, and also attaching him to the Rus-
sian embassy at Paris ; and that when the ambas-
sador of his Russian imperial majesty should leave
Paris, he (Cambaceres) would then leave it also.
Carnot had been appointed chief of the corps of
engineers, in the Russian service. — Columbian.
CONGRESS.
SENATE.
March 22. — Mr. Horsey, from a select committee
reported a bill "to provide more effectually for the
payment of specie by the several banks -within the
District of Columbia."
[This bill provides that if any bank or bankin
company in the District of Columbia shall refuse,
after the first day of January next, to pay its notes
or checks with specie; by summary process, judg-
ment and execution may be obtained against them
by the holder, with 12 per cent, .interest from the
time of such failure or refusal to pay such notes in
specie, See. But this remedy shall not be used by
any bank or bank agent, as a -remedy against another
bank.]
Mr. Fromentin, from a select committee, reported
a bill "providing for the increase of the salaries ol
the officers of government therein mentioned."
[This bill provides to increase the salaries of all
the principal officers of the government, supreme
court and district judges included, as also the
territorial officers; at an average rate of increase
of about fifty per cent, not on their present amounts,
but on the rate at which they were fixed -when the
government first -went into operation. Thus, the
secretary of state is now to receive 6000 instead
of 5000 annually; the chief justice the same; foreign
ministers 12000* instead of 9000, kc.]
Mr. Campbell, from the financial committee, re-
ported the BANK BILL without amendment. It
was made the order of the day for Monday.
The resolution from the other house to appoint
a joint committee to enquire and report what
business is necessary to be done before adjourn-
ment, was agreed to.
March 25. — The senate was chiefly occupied this
day on the bank bill — nothing important decided.
March 26. — The bank bill again occupied the se-
nate.
Mr. Mason, of N. II. moved to amend the bill in
the part which authorises the bank to issue notes
payable, by adding thereto the following proviso: —
Provided, That all bills or notes so .to be issued
by said corporation, shall be made payable on de-
mand, other thim bills or notes for the payment of
a sum not less than dollars each, and payable
to the order of some person or persons, which
bills or notes it shall be lawful for said corporation to
make payable at any time, not exceeding days
from the date thereof.
This motion gave rise to considerable debate, be-
tween those who thought such a restriction neces-
sary, and those of a different opinion. It was at
length agreed to, by yeas and nays, 20 to 14.
This decision in favor of one amendment opened
the door to- the proposition of a great number of
amendments which have been or will be proposed
to the bill.
The discussion of one or two- that were proposed
occupied the senate till the hour of adjournment.
March 27. — The senate was this day engaged in
various proposed amendments to the bank bill. No-
thing of importance done.
HOUSE OF REPItESENTSATIVKS.
Friday, March 22- — After a variety of business
not necessary to notice in this day's proceedings — '
Mr Bassett offered the following resolutions:
Resolved, That a naval academy be established at
Washington, to consist of professors and teach
ers, at which all the midshipmen in the service of
the United States shall be instructed, when not in
actual service. That the secretary of the navy be
required to adjust a proper plan, to select a proper
site, to cause a just estimate of the expense, and
report thereon in the first week of the next session
of congress.
Resolved, that an able teacher be provided fop
each 74 and 44 in commission, whose salary shall
be dollars. There shall be allotted to each
ship as above a double portion, at least, of midship-
men,«and their time shall be equally divided between
ship duty and study. No midshipman shall be al-
lotted to any of the smaller vessels until he has
been two years at least in service.
Resolved, That number of apprentices be
entered annually to the United States, to be main-
tained and instructed in naval architecture, draft-
ing, drawing, all the branches of the mathematics,
geometry and navigation; their instruction to close
with two years service at sea, as carpenter in a ves-
sel of the United States.
After a few remarks from Mr. Bassett, in which
he quoted the examples of various European coun-
tries, in support of his motion,
The resolutions were agreed to.
The bills respecting the organization of a gene-
ral staff', and concerning settlers on public lands-,
were ordered to be engrossed far a third reading.
The house then in committee of the whole, took
up the bill to regulate the tariff of duties— after
debate, Mr. Clay's motion to increase the duty on
cottons to thirty per cent, was carried — ayes 68,
noes 61. After further discussion the committee
rose, &c.
Saturday March 23. Other business being dis-
posed of— the house went into committee of the
whole, Mr. Jackson in jthe chair, on the bill to place,
the surviving sufferers at Dartmoor prison on the
navy pension list; which was reported to the house
with an amendment (making the pensions com-
mence on the 6th of April 1815, the day on whicU
he Dartmoor massacre took place) and the bill as
amended, was ordered to be engrossed for a third
eading.
The bill to organize a general staff for the army
sras passed— ayes 96, noes 22. The bill concerning-
settlers on public lands was also passed.
The tariff then occupied a committee of the.
whole. Afier a great variety of propositions which
"ailed, Mr. Smith, of Md. moved to increase the
duty on the imported iron sheets, rods and bolts
from 150 cents to 250 cents per hundred weight,
which was carried without a division.
Mr. Smth then moved to increase the duty on
78 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1816.
lump and loaf sugar to IScentsper pound— believ-
ing that til emaniif.idtures of the article nov,
lis'hed in the United Stales were fully able to supply
the whole country, and the duty proposed by the
bill being1 in his opinion insufficient to protect those
esii.hlishmcnts from a successful foreign competition.
Mr. Sinit/i aflcrwru-ds gave \vayto Mr. Jfngei'Vfho
wished to reduce the duty of 4 cenis per Ib. on
brovrn sugar; believing1 t'liut. no protection was ne-
!-/ to encourage tlie manufacture of licit urii-
cle, by which large fortunes were now making, and
Which it wrifl unnecessary to encour;^ ;e by taxing
the community for that purpose. Mr. H. then
moved 1o strike out the proposed duty of 4 cents,
with the view, if succesfu), of filling the blank
v.-'iiii 2i cents.
•••ism said the gentleman in his remarks
had confounded the rndWttfhetnre of loaf sugar, em-
braced by Mr. Smith's motion, with the cultivation
article; and then proceeded to advocate the
expediency of encouraging- the cultivation of su-
gar, bv protecting- it against competition. The
•if Lo'aisiana'alor.e/he said, if tiie culture was
-!v fo.ste:ed by the government, would inn.
fow' years be able to supply the whole country with
thai:" article, to which tin- people of that slate were
by climate and s'oil almos: cnti:-.
adverted also to the cm]?!
\v,):ild afford to our coasting trade, and the conse-
"is to themanlinie pur:;i!!;s of the c< >'.-.. \-
Thcduty laid on the article, for the raci f pur-
p'ise of revcime, he said, was 2 cents per pound,,
and the motion now rr:r:de would leave it entirely
destitute of protection; and why, said he, should
this article form a solitary exception to the policy
adopted towards c<her bran-hes of industry, and
ne excluded fiorri that, general protection ex-
tended to every other species of manufacture? It
was true, he said, that for a year or two past, events
had favored the sugar planters, and their pursuit
had been profitable; but he denied the general as-
ser-ion that great fortunes were made by it. Twen-
ty millions of capital had been employed in the cul-
t'iv.'ction of sugar in Louisiana, and with the excep-
tion stated above, it had been as unprofitable as
any other occupation whatever. The assertion, he
repeated, was unfounded in fact. As to the iVew's-
paper statements about the profits made in (i.
they were only calculated", he said, to
community} there might be, in a few insUu;c<
ground for those statements; but, taken, gcnei-uiiy,
they • and extravagant; lie knew some
ip had been ruined by the pursui
AfiCM- some further remarks b\ Mr. •'
iron, and several oth< nwembersy th« tpestibn
on striking out the sinv . then taken
and carried — ayes 62.
Mr. l.Jitkin moved to fill the blank with
Mr. Frtrsyth*. proposed Jive — after debate, tin- inM-
tion for live cents was negatived. Mr. Clay prop OS-
EC and an hn!f — which was finally carried, a\ es
<;:, nO<
Mvn>Uni, March 25. — Some'm'nor business being
disposed of — th'- t.'trpT v, as strain taken up. On mo-
tion of Mr. S, nith, of Md. t!i- duty on loaf sugar was
( to 15 cents per Ib. '! in bars
v,-;;s r:'i-ed to f.-.'n cents. The ilnt v on ci'v.-j'-.- ;.nd parts
IY' <•'•'.• IS.jd t.O 2'? pfll' C-.
cotton . include lac."
••d to 22 per cent. The duty on wi,
;! !o .V •-• !>-s ]!"r ]'). on all under no. 18; and
r Ib. on that of no. 18.
MU. Inylic.m moved to add the following clause to
the p v ;.ich fixes the duties on wouk-u ahd
cottQii goods: — "on cotton yarn or thread, the
provided, that a!) i and cticolored cot-
ton yarn or thread, the origin.;:.! cost of which shall
be less than sixty cents per ib. shall bede'MTicd and
taken to h;,\ ; per i|x anc[ $}\:\\\ be
charged with dun ;>; artdal) 1
colored yam, tl;e origin:d co-;l of whit -.!•
been less than 75 cents per Ib. shall be taken and
1 to have cost 75 cents per Ib. and shall be
charged with duty accordingly."
The motion was suppoi ed'bv the mover and in
a few remarks by Messrs. Smith, Clay, Milnor and
Strong, and also by Mr. Wheaton, (who entered
h'r.T) a gencr tioii of the (jucstion of pro-
tection of manufacture?, and his rcase:.
ing ^decided ur.d efiVctual protection) and opposed
by Mr. Lowndes and Mr. Tucker; when the amend-
ment was agreed to — ayes 66.
On motion of_ Mr. ',' • ••,••; tin, the word< "on grain"
were .stricken out of the clause fixing the duty on
•cd spirits; so as to embrace all' spirits, whe-
ther ^nade of grain, molasses or other material,
within the highest rate of duties specified in the
bill on spirits.
Mr. Wrbster renewed the motion w',k;\ he offer-
ed ai-.d withdrew on Saturday, to strike out the duty
•jd by the bill to be imposed on imported
cottons, and to substitute the following: "i'or two
years next ensuing the 30th day of June Tiext, a ctu-
ty of thirty per centum ad valorem; for two years to
at t-lie termination of the two years last.
aforesaid a duty of twenty-five per centum ad valo-
rem, und after the expiration of the I wo years la&t
aforesaid^ a duvy of twenty per cent. :td valorem.
Mr. (Jl.iii motV-d to amend the amendment by
changing the word two in tlie first line to three, the
word 'two in the second instance to one, and to con-
form the-remainder of tlie amendment accordingly.
The motion and proposed amendment of it pro-
duced a great deVi of remark, of tie in-
terest. The amendment was lost, but Mr. Webster's
motion curried by a large m;, •
(£j'Many propositions to alter the proposed tariff"
were made, winch failed — viz to increase the duty
on gun-powder to 10 cenvs; to strike out the -luty
of one cent on tallow; to include copper .--.heels in
: of copper articles, at 4 cents; to rcduco the
duty on iron in bars and bolts; and to reduce the
duty on tin plates.
-Jay, Jlfarc/i 6. — After tlie disposal of oilier
business, the house, in committee of the whole, re-
sumed the bill to e. .riif—
Mr. jjnwJi's offered the following- amendment to
the clause fixing the duty of 35 per cent. <;.
ls'c<ccpting blanket;, and woolen rugs, shall be le-
vied, collected and paid, until the 30th June, 1818,
and auer that, day 2.' per cent, on the said articles."
Mr. Ihgham favored a duty of 25 per cent, for
three years, and a duty of 22 per cent. f«r one year
— but he was willing to take the amendment with
simply substituting- the year 1819 fur 1818 — and
so to modify it.
Afrer some dc-b.^e, Mr.Lngham's modification was
agreed to — ayes 63; and the question recurred on
rbe amendment as amended.
Mr. Root opposed its ..dcption, as in his opinion
it would encourage a monopoly.
O.] motion of Mr. Pitearns, the words -toooJkii sfttjfi
were added to the amendment, being accepted by
M; •-. Lownde-s.
And he original propositio ;,L-recd to as
amended.
A good deal of >, her pro*
{posed amendments, which
KILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— CHRONICLE.
79
The duty of 20 cent, on books was confined to
books printed in the English language— 48 to 45,
r debate.
>/r. Smith then made a motion lie hud promised
spme days ago, -the object of which was to take of
the ad valorem cltitv of 20 per cent, on Russia and
Holland duck, and to lay a specific duty of 250 cents
per piece on the former, and $3 per piece on the
latter; which motion was agreed to, nem. con.
On motion of Mr. .Betls, the bill was amended bv
Adding- gold leaf to the articles on which a duty o
15 per cent, is laid.
Mr. M'A'tK moved to strike out the words three
cents from the duty or. lead ground in oil, with the
view of insert ing- a 'larger sum, which was supported
by Mr. Juhnion of Ky. an 4 Mr. Clay, who statec
that the article was already manufactured and of a
better quality than tlie imported article, amplj
sufficient for the consumption of the country, and
that the great possessions of the government in lead
mines was an additional reason for laying' a high
duty on the imported article.
After a few remarks on the subject by Messrs
Lowndes, Smith, and Irving, to shew that the pre-
sent sum would be a sufficient protection;
The motion was negatived, 49 to 43.
Mr. Chui then moved that the duty be increased
from 3 to 4 cents per Ib. on reel or white lead
ground in oil; which was carried — ryes 48, noes 43
On motion of Mr. Pitkiii, the bill was so amend-
ed as to extend the duty on teas to those which
be imported from any other place than China, east
of the cape of Good Hope.
The committee then rose, obtained leave to sit
again; and
The house adjourned.
Wednet/ady, ftfa/Pck '27. Mr. Robertson, from the
committee on public lands, to whom was referred
the message of the president of the United States
recommending the confirmation of certain donations
of lands by the Indians to general .Jackson, colonel
Hawkin.-j and others, reported against tiie expedi-
ency o.f confirming the same; which report was
committed to a committee of the whole house.
Mr. liit-'tuLWi from the committee appointed on the
29th January, at the request of the post-niaster-ge-
neral, to investigate the conduct of the post-om'ce
depai'lmenijttiade a detailed report of said investiga-
tion, accompanied by th.2 evidence submitted to the
committee by the various witnesses who appeared
before it. — The report is long and will be given at
length hereafter. The report and documents were
committed io a committee of the whole house, and
ordered to be, printed.
Mr. llussett i'rom the joint committee on the sub-
ject made a report authorising the close of the ses-
sion on the - — day of April next. Mr, Smith
thought the business could not be done before the
22nd of May. The report vas laid on the table.
Ai'i^i- SQin.e other business — the biil to establish a
tariff was taken up. Mr. .Lowndes proposed to"
strike out the duty oa salt — jiegatived. On motion
of Mr. Ward, the duty on Madeira wine, generally,
was fixed at 90 cents'— while this proposition was
under discussion, Mr. Smith observed, that the
high duties might operate as an encouragement to
-the brewing- of wine at home, because 30 gallons of
good cider, 30 of sherry, 10 of Malaga and 10 of
good .Madeira, would nuiko wine which would pass
any where for Madeira; ;md, as we were greatly en-
couraging some mimsi&cturcs, he Said ironically,
g'enue.i..cn tiilght think that it would be' proper to
encdui
A motion was ir.adc to reduce the dutv on '
from 25 to 35 cents — negatived, ayes 44. It was
then moved to increase the duty on iron bars from
75 to 125 cents— negatived, only 5 or 6 rising in fa-
vor of it. A motion followed to reduce the duty on
the same from 75 to 37A cents per cwt. — negatived,
ayes 45. Forty-five cents was then proposed, and
carried; ayes 62, noes 4.3. A motion was made to
strike out the duty on coal — negatived without a
division. A proposition followed to increase the
duty from 5 to 6 cents per bushel — negatived, ayes
46, noes 63. A motion to reduce it to three cents
was also negatived.
Mr. Irving moved the following clause to the first
section: "That in all cases wlicn an ad valorem du-
ty shall be charged, it shall be calculated on the
net cost of the article (exclusive of packages, com-
missions and all charges) and on the usual addition,
established by law, of 20 per cent, on all merchan-
dize imported from plac*s beyond the cape of Good
Hope; and of 10 per cent, on articles imported from
all other places."
This amendment, after a short discussion, was
adopted without a division.
The committee then proceeded to the2d section
of the bill, which enumerates the articles to be
admitted free of duty.
Mr. Forsyth moved to strike out '''burr mill stones
un wrought" with a view to subject them to duty —
negatived. The committee then rose, &c.
tj^We have felt it right, for many and obvious
reasons, to give a tolerably complete record of the
proceedings as to the tariff; and are sorry to observe
there appears a sectional feeling among too many of
the members as if they were legislating for a county
or to-iviiyhip, instead of doing the business of a great
nation. — ED. REG.
%*The N(itlo?ial Intelligencer of Friday not. being
received, prevents the usual notice of Thursday' s-
proceedings.
CHRONIC LE.
Sin PETER PARKER. — The London Globe adver-
tises— C-'A biographical memoir of the late sir Peter
Parker, bart. capt. of his majesty's ship Menelaus,
of 38»-uns, killed in an action while STORMIXU the
American camp at Belleair, near Baltimore, on the
31st August, 1815"
Really, one would suppose that the unfortunate
knight deserved better of his countrymen, than thus
to be made a laughing stock of after his dead).
* Storming the camp at Het'k<ui\ ncn;- BalfpmtnreS" It
*i known to every school-boy in Amp-ion, that he
itorrr.ed nothing but hen-roosts and pig-styes, and
was not kiiied near "Belli.'air."
Irish societies. — There are three societies of Irish-
men in Philadelphia, kept up fur benevolent purpo-
ses. Each have held the feast of St. Patrick with
at glee. Many cf the toasts are worthy of re-
cord, but we have not room for them — the follow-
.ng, for their ingenious point, make a place for
themselves:
"The princess Pocahontas — reproached by he*
lescendant of Roanoke, for having allowed a fo-
•eigner — any liberties."
"Scrap:; of history— Europe gave the maid of Or-
eana — America tlie nwn."
Exchange. — The Richmond Hustings courr, on
he 12lh inst. fixed the rate of exc lunge thus-
f the chartered banks of Virginia, par; of the state
anlc of North Carolina, 3$ per ci ufit; of
lie cJK'.ru-red. 'i.mks of i-'iiiKdelpluj, 7 por cent, clis-
nt— - altimore, 10 do.;, d^>,' of the district
jl'.iUi1 „'.> "
KILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MARCH Se, 1816.
80
* The court of Norfolk county, Va. li is fix.
exchange or currency of bsJnk bills, thus— chai-.c- -
ed banks of Virginia, at par; notes of the state bank
of North Carolina, do.; of the Philadelphia banks, 5
percent, clis.; of Baltimore and the chartered banks
of the district of Colnmbiu, 8 ner cent -lo.
Trade.— \ J\'orf->lh paper inf >mis us that a vessel
has arrived at thu1 port u'ith a cars-o of provisions
front Ireland, whirl), afte'- paying yil 'he duties ami
charges, will vu-ld a handsome profit!
Neio- Hampshire election, lletvuns not yet all re-
ceive il. Hy the last accounts, the republican gain
for governor w;i* 2,628!— every branch of the go-
vernment is "c^ :!>lic .n hv large majorities.
The Java frig- e,Capt; Perry, arrived at Gibral-
tar in 19 days, ami proceeded to join our squadron
in the Meditei-rnv.- i.
The grand cw I \ committee of the legisla-
ture of Nevv-YorU has i-'ported in favor of the mag-
nificent w-u-k of ii uing ihe lakes to the Atlantic
by a grand canal. Tlit report, &c. is laid off for
our next.
Mar:nt.erita. — rf' -e royul forces of Spain are said
to have lost 500 -!tn, killed, in a late unsuccessful
attack upon this i-tand. The republican standard
flies in many par. - of Vem-znehi; and Chili will soon
be rescued' from the yoke of the tyrant. Buenos
Ayres appears safe in her freedom, and we expect
good news from Peru.
Biienos-Jlyres. A writer in the New- York Colum-
bian, who appears to act understandingly, absolute-
ly denies any truth to the reported defalcation of
admiral Brown, mentioned in our last. On the con-
trary, it appears that he is performing most impor-
tant services for the republicans on the coasts of
Chili and Peru, and that his family and all his pro-
perty remain at Buenos-Ayre*.
Constant Freeman, late a colonel in the army of
the United States, is appointed, by the president
and senate, to be accountant of the navy depart-
ment, vice Thomas Turner, deceased.
William H'irt is appointed by the same authority,
to be attorney of the United Spates for the district
of Virginia, vice George Hay, resigned.
Miles King is appointed, by the same authority,
to be navy agent at the port of Norfolk.
The Supreme Court of the United States, on Fri-
day the 22d inst. adjourned, afver a session of near-
}v" seven weeks. Of the cases on the docket, 70
were finally disposed of, and ten continued on or-
drrs to adduce further proof. The records of no
court of ap United States exhibit such
• tancc of dispatch of business where the ques-
tions are so momentous. — Nut. Int.
Steam boats.— A. Paris article of January llth
sayS— "We are assured that the first steam-boat
which is to be constructed at Rouen, under the di-
rection of Hydraulic engineers, of known talents, is
intended to serve as a packet boat between Paris and
Ix>iidon. We may already calculate that this voyage,
which will be made with as much regularity us in
a mail stage, will not. take more than forty hours to
go from Paris to London, and vice-versa. These
boats go equally against wind and tide, as vhos
can affirm who have seen them navigate upon th
great rivers of the United States, and among others
the Mississippi, whose current is so rapid that i
could scarcely he ascended. Three months and
immense labor was formerly necessary to ascend th<
,-iver— now a few days and two or three men are suf
iicient to make the voyage by means of the steam
boat."
CAX ADI *x VFFAIUS— Fi'om theAlbany. irgus— Abovv
a vear ag<>- the provincial nsr.cvubly of Lower Canadi
referred certain charges against t\v«y ,of their
idgcs, Sewull and Monk, and claimedSto be per-
mit ed to substantiate them before the council.
Their request was refused, altercation ensued, and
he governor dissolved the assembly by proclama-
ion. On the 24th ult. the question was agitated b\
he new assembly, who approbated the conduct of
luir predecessors, and resolved to carry up an ap-
>eal to the throne for a redress of grievances. On
he opening of the next meeting, a message was an-
ounced from the governor, declaring the assembly
Unsolved. A meeting has been subsequently called
)f the citizens of Montreal, evidently to approbate
he conduct of the governor in dissolving the assem-
ly. The meeting was attended by about 200 of the
rincipal inhabitants. The subject underwent a
ong discussion, and finally a resolution was moved
pprobatory of the governor's conduct, and rejected
»y a large majority.
Extract of a letter from an officer on boarcl our squad-
ron in the Mediterranean to his friend in Wash-
ington city.
United States' frigate United States,
Malaga Roads, Jan. l, 18)6.
We sailed from Gibraltar a few days after the
date of my last, and arrived here on the 26th Dec,
We shall leave this place in a few days for Cartha-
ena, for the purpose of receiving an answer f om
.he Spanish government relative to the detention of
he Algerine brig, which I believe we stipulated to
-estore to the Dey of Algiers. If she is not given
ip, 1 hope our government will act spiritedly on
:he occasion and chastise them for their presumption.
?rom what I have seen of the Spanish character, I
lold it in the utmost contempt. We find it ex-
remely difficult to obtain a place of deposit for
our stores, and the only plausible reason they could
jive for not immediately granting us permission to
and them, was a fear of such a procedure not being
sanctioned by the English. The Spaniards are a
Digotted, priest-ridden and pusillanimous set. —
Their troops are little better than a gang of rob-
bers and assassins. Many of them would steal the
ife of their fellow-man for a paltry dollar or ».
lecent coat. It is extremely dangerous to traverse
the streets of a Spanish town aft el- sunset — a man's
life is in continual jeopardy. From the neglected
state of the fortifications at all the Spanish towns I
IK ve yet seen, I am induced to believe that tlicir
gov eminent is in a deep decline. Our force would
be sufficient to lay nearly all their towns on the Me-
diterranean coast under contribution. It is rumored
here (but upon what authority I know not) that «
war with the United States is expects.
I heard it rumored at the American consul's
table a few days ago, that the king of Spain was to
be shortly allied to one of the Portuguese royal
family, and to receive for his condescension ro»xr
millions of dollars. Generals Ballasteros and Casta-
nos are sentenced to serve as common soldiers m
the Spanish army, and many o^her distinguished
characters are equally persecuted by the royal
authority; they are to be sent to Ceuta, a Spanish
fortified town 'on the Barbery shore near the en-
trance of the Straits.
I have not found a second America yet. I have
seen some handsome Spanish ladies, and an in-
numerable quantity of ugly ones; but none like the
fair of Columbia. European manners are very dif-
ferent from ours; and modesty has long sin«e been
banished from society here; beggarx are as thick as
hail stones, and poverty stares jou in the face tf
every corner.
NILES' WEEKLY, REGISTER
No. 6 OF VOL. X.]
BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, APKIL 6, 1816.
[WHOLE
Jfaec olim memmi&se juvabit. — VIIIGIT..
FIUNTEI) ANH PUBLISHED BY II. X1LES, AT THE IIEATf OF CHEAPSIIVE, AT §5 PER ANM*>f.
Letter to the Editor.
Though we have reason to hope that the tar iff may b
finally settled pretty generally to our satisfaction
and with an intention to encourage and suppoi
the internal resources of the republic, there ha
been a sort of manoeuvring in certain of the mem
bers that was exceedingly disgusting. The subjec
is justly reprehended in the following extrac
from a familial letter to the editor from one o
bis friends in congress. Speaking of the tarif
he observes; —
"1 am vexed at the narrp- ---*~^ r«,u.j, wj-,jc
prevail -K '"any members. They came here t
• rt»slate for this great and growing nation, am
they bring with them and retain, all their local pre
radices nntl district interests,- and lose sight, or rath"
never get a sight, of the general interest. It is pain
ft*l u, ^.,00 the paltry, contracted, contcm^t-iuii
Wvnsfap-pohtics which arc frequonuy discovered bj
some members of our national legislature. If eve"
the voiMM£jthe American people was explicit anc
S any subject of legislation, it is cer
javor of our manufacturing establish
'iternal improvements generally — am
yet I absolutely despair of seeing any thing done by
this congress in favor of the totter— and I am ap-
prehensive that we shall not do as much as we
ought, to faster our manufactures. The representa-
tives of th* ,mifar-gro-it:i.ng states insist on a certain
duty upon that article, and the East present a solid
phalanx against it. The consequence, I doubt, will
be, that the South will unite against the duties in
favor of woollens, &c. 1 think I foresee a great deal
of difficulty in adjusting the tariff. Is it not disgust-
ing, and disheartening, to witness such pitiful,
narrow-souled policy? One would suppose thafc^H
interest would induce the opposite extremes of our
-country to be liberal to each other, to compromise,
and make some mutual sacrifices for the good of
the whole. The order of the day seems to be, to
catch and keep, and huckster sectional interests,
without regarding the nation as a great whole. We
•can unite, as you have seen, from Maine to Louisiana,
in favor of voting money into our tntm pocket*,- nut I
despair of seeing an united vote in favor of our con-
stituents; although their will has been so explicitly
toade known to us. The fact is, that the people
have e;ther been mistaken in their representatives,
I have aiost egregiously mistaken the people. It
«= evident that many suppose their popularity will
? enhanced by declaiming and contending for the
Jocal views, and sectional interests, of their consti-
tuents, at the hazard of the general weal: Hat it
eannot be possibie that enlightened men expect the
nation to prosper under such a system. There must
2 a compromise, in order to equalize both bur-
is and benefits; or else I know nothing at all
*bout the business. It is the middle states, and
tally Pennsylvania, that tends to moderate the
-wcrepant views of the extremes, and sustain the
=ontederation. But yet it is not in the power of the
middle states to effectuate all the*, od which might
fte done-they can only prevent much of the harm
that would probably otherwise result from the
jrretched, short-sighted, selfish, huckstering policy
TO! xed to'" M/ffrc/e ^ wi6--1
"The commercial States."
The useful and important document we have the
pleasure to publish entire in the present number,
being "a statement of the exports of the United
States for the year ending Sept. 30, 1815," (which
makes in the original copy no less than sixteen folio
pages) presents us with a volume of reproof and
reprehension of the faction which would have SE-
PARATED its part of the country from the rest, dur-
ing the late war.
We have frequently alluded to, and, perhaps, in
the opinion of many, sufficiently exposed the mad-
ness and folly of Uiese infuriated men, probabiy
humblecl enough in having made themselves the
laughing stock •*» Contempt of the world. But the
superlative imp""™1 - -> •-
<.ne exclusive title of '-friends <,j
merce," fund with which they proclaimed the hostili-
ty of the south to foreign trade, &c. may yet leave
on the minds of certain of their dupes an impres-
sion favorable to some of the outrageous tilings they
asserted; and it, therefore, may be as proper as it in
ust, to hold them up yet further to scorn and lash,
hem with truth, as with a rod of scorpions.
The whole value of the exports of the United.
States is $52,557,753, of which the value of
15,974.430 dollars was of domestic products, and
6,583,350 of foreign articles. The latter is of no
consequence, and dies a natural death by the pacifi-
cation of Europe.
Of this value— §45,974,403—
New York exported §8,230,275
The "nation of New-England" — viz:
New Hampshire 101,203
Vermont, 161,002
Massachusetts, 3,547,463
Rhode Island, 357,684
Connecticut, 383,135 4,550,437*
Difference in favor of .
irginia exported
'he "nation"
Difference in favor of Vir:
outh Carolina exported
'he "nation"
$3,679,791
6,632,57?
4,550,48f
C\5<
0,48?
Difference in favor of Stnth Carolina 2,024,296.
5,055,858.
4,550,487
exported
'he "nation"
Difference in favor of 'Louisiana
Georgia and Mart/land, also, each exported nearly
s much as all the New-England states. Pennsylva-
ia more than Massachusetts, and the district of
lumbia considerably more than half as much as
lat vastly "commercial state."
How strongly do these things shew us that the
lipping interest of Massachusetts has its very ex-
tence in the agriculture of the middle and south!
ut that state off from tbte t<ra$ie«— make her c't;
KILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 1816.
sfens
the h
in 1he ports of the stales south of| that the woollen manufacture is now making a
raon, r;* her leading men were wicked enough
to p.-elciKl to desire, and base enough to threaten
us \vi;h at a time when we were pressed at cv.iy
pi>ii:; by a barbarian enemy, determined "to destroy
all "places assailable" — and Massachusetts, in three
. iii.sio.id df holding ncarlv a third or & fourth of
lite tonnage of the Uniled States, would have only
about a twelfth, bottomed as it must be, in peace,
on the capacity of the country to furnish it with
employment.
I never think of these men without obeying the
injunction of WASHINGTON, "to froton indignqaitly
da tt'ii.- y.'V.vi da-aming of an attempt to alienate the bonds
ma,(-r: T..-S one pafjple." The United States are
i.drmrably calculated to make a great and happy
\vliols — and may infamy attach itself to any and to
all that would destroy, because the people will not-
trust them with, the government of the union! May
the shipping and manufacturing interests of H><
east, with the agriculture of the south, and the uni-
on of the three in middle states, equally prosper ! —
There ought not to be — there nee/1 ^o.no opposition
-.•, we trust, that mutual- forbear-
jmce, with a hrm disposition in all to sirc.,..,^
republic and maintain its just rights, will yet give to
us that harmony which will best serve us for a pal-
ladium, if kipgs combined shall resolve to suppress
our "dangerous example of successful rebellion.'*
Woollen Manufactures.
The following extract from reports made to the
committee of commerce and manufactures of
the senate and house of representatives, shews
the importance of giving due encouragement to
this extensive and highly valuable branch of our
manufactures, so that it may go on prosperously a
fe'.v years to come, when we may bid defiance at
ail attempts to put it down.
At this time, there are in the state of Connecticut
alone, twenty -five establishments for the manufac-
ture of woollen cloths, employing 1200 persons, and
as many more who do not directly appertain to the
establishments. The capital already invested
therein, amounts to 450,0;JO dollars, and they are
domestic market for an important staple of our
country, equal in value to seven millions of dollars,
that the product of its industry, equal to nineteen
millions of dollars, is a great gain of natioiml wealth,
in giving employment to various kinds of labor, at
the same time preventing fo: :n drawing
great resources from us in the sale of their manu-
factured goods; that it produces an interest in the
country, that under ail circumstances must be an
American interest; the policy of giving it all ne-
cessary support, becomes obvious to every un-
prejudiced mind. At the same time tint it is
aiding and encouraging agriculture in consuming
her productions, it is in no degree taking from her
the labor necessary to carry on her operations. A
great proportion of the woollen manufacture is
carried on by the aid of labor-saving machinery,
which is almost exclusively superintended bv wo-
„,,,„ cM.ucmiuren ami o— -•:,'-,,.„: wj,0 v^id other-
wise be wholly destitute of employment, \v>»_,.( *
they arc now able to maintain themselves,
manual labor employed is of that class who, from
their previous habits and occupations in lit'
wholly unfitted for agricultwal pursuits, and who,
if net thus <'mv)lpved, would in rno^ '-• --3Uli >ces> bc
a burden on society, among this description m-.- to
be numbered many valuable for: i^nc,-..; who are
di'.ily arriving- among us in needy aj^Mfefcdigcnt
circumstances, and whose orlv erfipJH^Bt has
been in the manufacturing business atv
in the exchai.gc between the fii/icrenWitates of
the m. , goous ami of the raw materials,
and in the growing wants of many foreign articles,
as dye siuiTs, &c. th-e commerce of our country,
particularly the coasting- trade, is eoually benefitted
wuh our agriculture.
If the woollen manufactures do not languish for
of necessary support from government at this
time, there cannot be a doubt, but in the course of
a very few vears we shall be able to supply the whole
demand of the' United State.s at a lower rate than a
manufacture can now be imported from
Great liritain excludes all woollen goods
nor suffers a. yard to be exported except in a finished
It is not now a question with her rnunu-
Capable of making, and probably do manufacture' fictu l.ighesL prices, but who
annually, equal in amount to 375,000 yards of! can manufacture cheapest, and the competition
narrow, or 12.5,000 yards of brond cloths. Besides I thus produced, has enabled her to mulersell all
[liantky made at the establishments, it is the nations in Europe. The same encouragement
c ^'t'ated there are 500,000 yards made annually to the business in this country will produce s. like
in families, and dressed at the country clothiers competition, and enable us eventually to undersell
sh<>j>.-;; part of which is regularly sold to the country her, even in foreign markets.
Store-keeper^ — doing- aw ay, thus far, their fornieY The avuount of woollen cloths now imported into
practice of supplying themselves with British goods the Vnittcl States is about ; the quantity
of a .si.nil.ar description. The value of;;!! the wool- nlr.-uvii millions
len cloth thus manufactured, at the hi value. It is a business susceptible of
-is jp .1,500,000, making- a hoia :in increase of 25 or '10 per cent, annually, ,so tK^t i«
.of our country of yik',000 pounds of wool or the | the course of five years at least, we may ^be able to
produce of 400.000 sheep. \Vith rejr.vd to the
uhole quantity of woollen cloths manufactured in
the United States, we cannot speak with precision;
but from the best information <iLf;Mn-"!, tliere i.s, at
this time, annually manufactured in ail the stales.
to the amount of nineteen million;* of dollars :
requiring a capital, in buildings and machinery, of
twelve millions of dollars, and employing directly
50,000 per.sonst and as many more incidentally.
With that encouragement, which we deem it the
policy of the government to bestow on this branch
.of our industry, the quantity of woollens manufactur-
ed u» this country would be doubled in four years
and be nearly sufficient to supply the whole de-
jwand »f tUe VniUii States. WJimiit fc
clothe ourselves, independent of any foreign nation,
and give a new stimulus to agriculture which is
now languishing under the necessity of depending
upon a precarious foreign market for most of her
important productions.
Report of the committee of commerce andmaimfni
on tJif. -Hwmrjriiifa and pttitiom nf tin: manufacturers
of ivool— March 6, 1816. Head and ordered to
lie on the table.
The committee of commerce and manufactures, to
which was referred the memorials and petitions
of the manufacturers of wool, respectfully submit
the. following REPORT—
Tke committee having- given this subject all the
NILES- WEEKLY REGISTER— ON THE TARIFF,
83
consideration that its importance merits, beg leave
*<> present, with due respect, to the house, the i
suit of their investigations.
The correctness of the following estimate the
committee are no wise disposed to question:
Amount of capital supposed to be invest-
ed in buildings, machinery, &c. $
Value of raw material consum-
ed annually, 7,000,000
Increase of value by manufac-
turing, 12,000,000
Value of woollen goods manu-
factured annually,
'Constantly,
Occasionally,
#19,000,000
50,000
50,000
100,000
=-nted to
on the me
N umber of persons
employed,
The committee baring, in a report pre
the house, on the 13ih of February lust, 01
riiornlM and petitions of the manufacturers of cot-
ton, expressed their opinion on the policy of foster-
ing manufacturing establishments, consider them- ported from Great Britain.
selves relieved from the necessity of repealing the Suppose a trunk pt couon goua* *
same arguments. Every reason then urged for sus- 1 » <"<* t Bntain 4 I 0 0
taining the cotton manufacturing: establishment ap- To make the ad valoi
ply \\ith equal force in favor of the woollen. The
committee, influenced by the same reasons, feel
Cotton goods (cost what they will less) ar
charged in the bill as if they cost per yard 25 cents.
Add 20 per cent, to make the supposed value on
rival into the United States, five cents duty pel-
arrival
yard.
The duty of 25 per cent, is charged
on 30 cents, which at 25 per cent, is
i
Freight, &c
Insurance
Cost of specie
18 months interest
14
8
5
9
per cent.
36 per cent, on 9 cts. 3 1-4
Cents per yard 10 3-4
Add merchant's' profit, 20 per cent, on 9
cents,
12 3-4
Say 12-J cents in favor of the manufacturers on
an article which cost 9 cents.
A view of the actual cost of cotton goods im-
themselves bound to accord the same justice to the
manufacturers of wool.
The following- resolution is, therefore, with due
respect, submitted to the house:
Revived, That from and after the 30th day of
June next, in lieu of the duties now authorised by
law, there be laid, levied and collected, on woolen
|*oods imported into the United States and territo-
ries thereof, from liny foreign country whatever,
per centum ad valorem.
The duty of 25 per cent, ad valorem is
charged on ,£110 and will be
Insurance, freight, commission and other
charges, will on an average be
Average gain expected by the iu.porter
110
27 10
7 10
12 la
On the new Tariff, &c.
The following statements were submitted by gen .„„.„.,.„«, „, b „ w.^^.«^v «. «««
SMITH to the committee of the whole house in his whole house in his remarks on the bill to establish
147 10
Every £100 sterling the bnnaf.de cost in England,
will cost the retailer ,£147 10 or 4-7 i- per cent in
favor of the American manufacturer, besides the
difference in the price of the raw material:;.
Gales &? Seatam, — ILmng seen In your paper of
this moving, seme statements said to have been
"submitted by gen. Smith to the committee of the
rernarks on the bill to establish a new tarifi'of du-
ties.
British Goods.
1 yard cotton, valued at 25 cents,
Add 10 per cent. 2 50
Duty of 25 per cent, on 27 50 is 7 cents.
-Insurance, freight, transport to Liver-
pool, packages and agent's commis-
sion, 7i per cent, on 20 cents, the
average value of cotton, low priced
goods,
Average gain to the importer, of 12^
per cent, on a cost of 20 cents,
a new tariff of duties;" 1 avail myself of this occa-
sion to express my acknowledgements to that gen-
tleman for the very handsome and flattering manner
in which he introduced my humble name on the floor
of the house of representatives of the United States.
The best return I can make for the favor is a simple
and candid exposition of the grounds OH which 1 tils-
sent, in opinion, from the statement he has given.
With a gentleman of hi. great experience in com-
merce, and lucid manner in reasoning', J am aware
of the unequal combat. If', however, I should be de-
feated in the argument, I shall, probably, have the
11 cents.
On a cost of 20 cents,
The manufacturer wrill then have an ad-
vantage over the importer of 11 cents
per yard on an article which costs in
England only 20 cents, and of course
he will have that bounty given to him.
At 33 1-3 per cent, the duty alone will be
9 cents and a fraction, on coUon goods,
which on an average cost 20 cents per
yard in Manch ester, and will cost the
retailer 13 c.ents per yard in addition
to the prime cost.
An assortment of India goods, such as generally
compose the cargoes imported into the United
^tutcii, cost on an average 9 gcuts per yard.
cents.
benefit of being instructed.
cents, i In my most serious conviction, the protection of
o^^r vtvn manufactures is, indeed, not so much a, qites-
tion of private inU rest, as of national policy.
Gen. Smith has stated the average price of coarse
cotton goods, in Brit:, in, at 20 cents per yard — no
doubt correctly, what has been. — I state it at 17 cents
in Philadelphia, as whut m,u/ be, belicvii g it will le
trie policy of the British government, to uiable her
nvnutacuirers to come to 'the miunuum prioe. It
is her practice to allow debenture and bounty on
exportation, equal to 8 1-4 per cent, on the first
cost, viKH-e than ail the charges from the place of
manufacture to New York, '.he place of sale.
I have always understood that the 10 per cen*:.
which has been added at ot:r custom-houses on
British goods, previously to the calculation of du-
ty, was rated on the actual prime cost, exdus;ve-«F
WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 6,
outside packag-es, and was meant as an equivalent The final cost at the place of
to insurance, freight, transport to Liverpool, agents' sale, clear of merchants
commissions, 8cc. between the place of manufacture
and place of sale. These, then, ought not to
l>e a separate item of cxpence in addition to the
10 per cent. The same is my impression respect-
ing1 the 20 per cent, en India cotton goods.
The merchant must be employed in vending the
(hmesiic as well as the foreign manufacture. As a
national object, I think it cannot fairly be contem-
plated in any other way, however different may
have been Ike practice of some small establishments
in the infant state of the business. The merchants
jjvofir, then, at the place of sale, should be altoge-
ther left out of the account, or added to both sides,
15 1-2 cts.
1 1-2
otherwise the comparison is not correctly made.
should, make the statements as follows:
BRITISH GOODS.
1 yard cotton cloth, value at
Manchester,
Add 10 per cent, on 15£ cts.
This constitutes the cost in
Philadelphia, clear of du-
t'r, : : :
C;it "it shall be taken ami
deemed to have cost twen-
ty-five cts. per syiiare yard
atul shall be charged with
duty accordingly/' As
vhe average width of such
ejwxls is not more than se-
ven-eighths of a yard, it
is, per running-yard, but
7-8's of 25 cents, or 21 7-8 els.
Add 10 per cent, on 21 7-8
cents, : : : : 2 3-16
profits, will be : 19 4-5 cts.
Interest for 18 months on 9 cents, the cost, is not
allowed, because it is more than balanced by the
credit on 9 cents, the duty.
In this case the India goods have an advantage
over such as -we ought to make, of 5 1-5 cents per
yard.
Instead of the supposed trunk of British goods
—I will give a view of an invoice of 28 packages of
cambric muslins, chintz, calicoes, cotton vesting,
velvets, &.c. actually imported into New-York, about
the conclusion of the late war, amounting to £2000.
Tli ere was received in England, a bounty and de-
benture on exportation, £256 17s. Id. Jill the
charges and expences from the manufacturer in Eng-
land, until the goods arrived at the custom-house
in New York, amounted to £91 14s. lOd. including
canal-freight and land-carriage in England, and in-
surance and freight to New York.
Let us suppose this invoice entered a<?mrding to
the bill nowjjefore the house of representatives.
Prime cost, per invoice £2000 00 00
Duty, of 30 per cent, on Z2200, is 660 00 00
Charges from the place of manufac-
ture to New-York, :
Duty of 30 per cent, on 24 1-16 is 71-5 cts.
The final cost at the place of
sale, clear of merchants
profits, will be : : 24 1-5 cts.
American cotton cloths made
of yarn of the' same fine-
ness, at the same place of
sale, also clear of mer-
chants profit, will cost per
yard, : : : : 25 cts.
Ths importer will then have
an advantage over the ma-
nufacturer 'per yard, : 4-5 of a ct.
The only off -set we have
against, this, is the superi-
or strength of our stuffs.
mm A. froooBSr
^An assortment of India
goods, suck :is generally
compose the cargoes im-
ported intd the United
States, costs on an ave-
nge 9 cents per yard."
1 vard of India cotton costs
9 cents— add 20 per cent.
1 4-5 cents, which will
give us for the Cost at the
place of sale, clear of duty, 104-5 cts.
As these goods commonly
tiverage yard wide, we
must take : : ; 25 ct§,
And add to it 20 per cent.
uhich will give us, SO cts.
Duty of 30 P«LT «;nt on this
last sum is,- : : 9 cl£'.
Apparent cost, clear of duty,
Apparent cost, with duty,
Deduct the bounty in England,
Real cost, clear of duty, :
Real cost, with duty, : :
01 14 10
2091 14 10
2751 14 10
256 17 1
1834 17
2494 17
The real and obvious effect of this is less than
25 per cent, on the prime cost per invoice, and less
than 19 1-3 percent on the apparent cost, clear of
duty, at the place of sale. If it were estimated
according to general Smith's method, even on the
former duty of 12^ per cent, or 15 per cent, with
the Mediterranean fund, and leaving out the im-
porter's expected gain, the result would appear to
be 27-i per cent, on the prime cost.
With candor for our guide, truth is not injured,
nor is friendship wounded by investigation. Know-
ledge is often increased, and not unfrequently the
benefit is mutual. I ought to thank the man who
relieves me from an error.
I have stated in my address to the committee
of commerce and manufactures, that the market
for the productions of agriculture is augmented in
an important degree by manufacturing establish-
ments, and that this is increasing and steady. It
has been said that this is "an hypothesis radically
founded in error." When I speak of a market as
beneficial to agriculture, I mean, not merely the
quantity of its productions consumed, but the value
it receives in return. If agriculture must feed
and clothe a portion of population which it cannot
employ — this kind of market is of no value. If
I this portion of population be employed in produc-
tive labor, they will live better, consume more, and
be able to pay a good price for what they eat and
wear.
Asa republican citizen, I claim the right of ad-
dressing, with respect and decorum, orally or in
writing, any man either in or out of congress. —
Since I have waited on congress on this occasion,
I have not written any thing to which I have
not signed my name. To shun the light is not my
policy.
ISAAC BRIGGS.
n City, 3rf mb. 23rf, 1816,
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-EXPORTS OF THE U. STATES. 85
Exports of the United States.
Letter from the secretary of the treasury, transmitting
a statement of the exports of the United States,
during the year ending the 30th of September, 1815.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, FEB. 14, 1816.
Sir— 1 have the honor to transmit a sta' ^nent of
the exports of the United States, during- the year
ending the 30th of Sept. 1815, amounting in value,
in articles of domestic produce or ma-
nufacture, to g 45,974,403
of foreign produce or ma-
nufacture, to 6,583,350
SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE.
uantity or
value.
Joultrv, ... - dozens.
Wheat, » bushels.
ndian corn, ... do.
836
17,634
830,516
831
29,899
2,237
180
2,702
7,873
45,113
2,081
862.739
6,016
72,364
16,863
70
49,034
2T,T33
129,248
5,908
8,449,951
74,548,796
85,337
267,101
4,771
481,801
52,278
9,176
26,149
13,534
54,574
1,696
2,811
194
50,997
574,978
38,142
1,924'<27
3,593
14,655
1,019,390
433,903
40,245
6,260
664
117,701
17,259
16,838
8,006
1,319
864.
152
80
90,294
5,749
7,784
8,112
5,840
407,896
366
34,547
10,432
497,707
292,939
ye>
ats, ... - do.
arley, - - - - do.
luckwheat, - - - - do.
Jeans, ... - do.
»eas, ..... do.
Potatoes, ... - do.
\pples, .... barrels.
g 52,557,753
"Which articles appear to have been exported to
the following' countries, viz:
To the northern countries Domestic. Foreign
of Europe, $ 3,699,553 # 958,896
To the dominions of the
. Netherlands, 3,784,771 796,087
do. of G. Britain, 21,366,844 223,024
do. of France, 6,576,368 2,151,269
do. of Spain, 5,087,325 1,143,035
do. of Portugal, 2,110,202 161,899
All other, 3,340,340 1,148,540
Indian, - do.
Ginseng, - -, - - pounds,
hip stuff, .... Cwt.
Jiscuit or ship bread, - barrels.
do. do. - - kegs.
Rir.e, tierces,
ndigo, .... pounds.
Cotton, Sea-Island, - do.
other, ... do.
$ 45,974,403 $ 6,583,350
I have the honor to he, very respectfully, sir>
your most obedient servant, A. J. DALLAS.
The hou. the speaker of the house of representatives.
STATEMENT OF EXPORTS,
Tlie produce and manufacture of the United States, commencing the
1st day of Oct. 1814, arid ending the 30th of Sept. 1815.
Flaxseed, .... bushels.
Wax, do.
Household furniture, - dollars
Uoaches and other carriages, do.
Hats, do.
Saddlery, .... do.
Beer, porter, and cider, in casks, galls
bottled, dozens
Boots, .... pairs
Shoes, silk, - - - do.
leather, - . do.
Candles, tallow, ... pounds
wax, - - - do.
SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE.
uantity or
value.
Fish, dried or smoked, - quintals,
pickled, - - - barrels,
do. .... kegs.
Oil, spermaceti, ... gallons,
whale and other fish, - - do.
Whalebone, .... pounds.
Spermaceti candles, - - - do.
Wood, staves and heading, - M.
shingles, - - - do.
hoops and poles, - do.
boards and plank, - - do.
hewn timber, - - tons
lumber of all kinds, - dollars
masts and spars, - do.
oak bark and other die, do.
all manufactures of, do.
Naval stores, tar, - - barrels
pitch, - - do.
rosin, - do.
turpentine, - do.
Ashes, pot, .... tons
pearl, - - - do.
Skins and furs, - - dollars
Beef, ..... barrels
Pork, do.
Hams and bacon, - - - pounds
102,824
36,141
3,062
8,618
68,921
174
312,065
I6,74o
25,419
3,733
51,33
7,69
77,64
17,38
336,24
150,66
39,84
6,36
11,72
76,10
3,85
1,09
409,37
13,13
9,07
695,35
37,54
844,02
468,60
1,045,63
£
4,60
1,74
9,71
Starch, .... do.
Snuff, do.
Tobacco manufactured, - do.
-eather, - - - - do.
Maple and brown sugar, - - do.
Bricks, - - - - - M
Spirits from grain, - - gallons
Linseed oil, ... do.
Spirits of turpentine, - - gallons
Cables and cordage, - - - cwt
Cards, wool and cotton, - - dozens
playing, - - packs
Iron, pig, .... tons
bar, .... do.
nails, - - - pounds
castings, ... dollars
all manufactures of iron, or
iron and steel, other, - do.
Spirits from molasses, - - gallons
Chocolate, ... pounds
Gun powder, do.
Copper and brass, and copper ma-
nufactured, - - - dollars
Medicinal drugs, - - do.
Sugar refined, - - - pounds
Merchandise, and all articles not
enumerated, manufactured, dollar-s
raw produce, do.
Total value of the fereeoins: statement
Butter - - - - v - do.
Cheese, ..... do.
Lard, ..... do.
Hides, .... number o
Horned cattle, - - - do.
Horses, do.
Sheep, f - . do.
JrJogSj . . . , - do.
45,974,402-
86
NILES* WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 1816.
STATEMENT OP EXPORTS,
The produce and majmfactitres of foreign countries,
eomm 1st day of October, 1814, and end-
ing the 3-Jch September, 1815.
A SUMMARY
Of the value and destination of the exports nfthe United
Mates, agreeably to the preceding statements.
WHITHER EX t'OBTEB.
omestic ]
roduce.
Foreign
>roduce.
=•= *s
SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE.
tiantity or value.
roTAi,.
m
in
57J,549
143,060
1,021/95
682,472
4,580,858
1.589,868
2,236,673
8,747,637
6,230,960
2,281,101
444,036
89,158
32,64^
'488,695
50,498
62,548
1,933,465
1,091,702-
55,546
59,033
10,560
170,985
B.W
Not entitled
to draw back.
Hitlerl
•a wbiick.
Ilussia •
Prussia
Sweden -
Swedish Wfst-Indks -
Denmark and Norway
Danish West-Indies -
Holland -
Dutch West-Indies and American
colonies ...
England, Man and Berwick,
Scotland
In land -
c,i, , .-«cy, Jersey, Sark and Aldernay
GjlTnltar
British Kast-Indies
British Wrst I- jriies, -
Newiouniirfiid and British fisheries
Hritish AmericHii colonies
Othc-r Hritish colonies •
The Hunse Towns and ports of Ger-
many . „ -
FrenehEur' can ports on the Atlantic
do. Mediterranean
Fp.neli West-Indies and Aiutrican
colonies
Bourbon and >fauritius
SpanishEurop'n ports on the Atlantic
do. Mediterranean
Teiifi-jftc and other Canaries
Manilla ami I'lnllipin • Islands
Fiori'as
HoiKluras, Campeachy and Musquitc
shore •
Spanish West-Indies and American
colonies ...
Portugal
Madeira
Fayal and other Azores
Cap.- «!e Venl Islands -
Oilier African ports
Coast of Brazil and other America
colonies ...
Italy and Malta -
Trieste and othei Austrian ports o
tbe Adriatic
Morocco and Barbary states
China - .
Cape of Good Hope -
East-Indie*
AVest-Indiei -
Europe -
(Africa . . '.
•
Asia
i
South Seas - .
North-west coast of Ameriea
Total dollars,
248,047
326,502
143,060
- -
Value of goods free of duty, dolls.
at 27 1-2 per cent- —
25 do. —
32 1-2 do. —
30 do, —
31,440
490,523
j 6,053
97,331
273
11,106
5,555
41,417
0
5,845
170
120.070
36.952
40,517
9,032
705
69,273
15.262
30.607
993.1 12
168.802
401,655
653,471
785
80
146,867
1.1S2
21,860
51
110,24
77
11.4-
4.2i .
499,70
1,40
68,74
21,22
5I.O*>
20,9i5
70,2fi
9
59,93
63/,6
1."
7,22
9S.U7
127.™
8,32
2.5
g
28
6
11
yx
53
li
98
753,869
1.9.0.^'.
796,334
-2.056
334,675
318
7,442
3'3
1,437
1,526
60
14,880
31.693
8,328
2,196
2.776
10,360
2,701
,508,272
893.7SC
,126,669
5,853
205
15080
36,844
44
106
590
700
13.460
5
442
11,782
7,552
246,647
45
200,378
18,070
206,47n
26,025
aj»3
258,088
•'78
14,T5f
23C
1,1 1C
4yi77
1.10.3
23,257
0,301
o,2fli
j
1,58;
371
1 1.
2'
3<
i
16
1,30
^97
758,869
I8fl,402
1.286.S57
1S,1"0
432,006
591
18,60B
5,858
41,417
7,262
1,696
6(.
134,950
68,645
48,844
11, 22V
3,481
7V/,? 3
17,963
30,607
7.501.3C-1
1.065,582
^,528.32*
659,324
990
80
15,080
183,711
44
'l06
1,772
22,569
513
123,70 s
5
1,213
23,252
11,82
1 746,349
4.-148
1 259,120
i 39^93
1 257,5<ij
1 46.950
2.602
32(5,348
475
1 T4,&84
280
63,061
3,070
1 1 ,604
99,381
l.iO,(518
17,627
9,513
9
100
1,585
378
430
27
64
14(1
4
101
69«
145
2,-3<
8,045
204,066)
722.080
36,741
58,808
127,920)
496,. 49
10 .S83
47,720
42 1-2 da. —
40 do. —
Wines, Malmsey, Madura, and
London particular gallr.
3,687,437
97,334
4,59';.135
1,664,230,
T.485J
588,892
60,024
1,684,480
850
1,395,965
312
795,390
697
Burgundy, ehamjpaign; _
CUiv't, &c. in bottles or
cas s.
Lisbon. Oporto, &e. -
T.-mriftV,Fayal, &«. —
All other,
Spirits, from grain
From other material*
^lolass'es
49,341
2,279
109,970
42.076
18,493
.865
Trias', Souchong and oilier black Ibs.
Hysoa. imperial, &c.
Other greeu • • —
Coffee, —
CoctMi, • • • —
Sugar, H-own - - —
White, clayed, or powdered —
Loaf - - —
Oilier refined and lump —
Almonds, - - - —
J>ruit», currants -
Prunes and plumps - —
Kaisins, in jars, boxes, and.
Muscatel - - —
All other - - —
Candles, tallow - - —
Cheese, - - —
Soap, - - - —
Spicts, mace,
Nutmegs, • • —
1,758,131
478,542
4,957.743
75,341
1,520,476
22,808
1,53\171
315,688
284,563
12,847
957 746
151,928
245,017
4,029
846,962
48,815
2,832,828
105.569
55.321
59',<U»
50,681
2,379
37,675
866,048
Cinnamon* -
Cloves, - • —
Pcptwr, -
Pimento, - - -
Chinese cassi% - —
Indigo, - - - —
Cotton, - —
Towdi-r, sun, • —
1,176,079
613,-'42
2r>,370
40,442
262,369
2,99
6,62
11
51,95
1,77
98,43
Iron, slit and hoop\ - —
Nails, • - - —
Spikes, - —
quicksilver, - —
Faints, ochre, yellow in oil, —
dry yellow, - —
1 10,706
333,33
17,657
71,50
White and ltd lead, -
Lead and manufacture of lead —
Cordage, tarred, - . —
untarredj - —
Cables, • - . -
Steel, —
Twine and pack thread, - —
.32,645
i "
293,096
19*,*9
20,146J 30,35
Cilanber salts, »
Salt, weighing 66 Ibs. or lessj bus!
62,*48
1
Fish, foreign caught, dried, mnt"
Pickled salmon, - $«
All other, . —
Glass, black quart lioulf-s, proce
Window, not above 8 inches
»y 10, . IQOsq.f
nut above JO in. by 12, —
Segrars, - - - flf.
Boots, - . jtnif
Shot-sand slippers. kid, morocco,
&c. for nit n and women, —
Cards, playing, . . _
•^
1,700,426
233,03
1,001,603
90,10
39,461
16,08
- -
59,03
6,06:
4,60
55.99C
114,99
Total value of the foregoing,
statetfietif, ^^
3,520,59
3.05V5
0,583,350
-
53,5*7,753
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—EXPORTS OF THE U. STATES. 87
A SUMMARY
Of the value vf e.rp'trts from each state.
STATES.
Domestic.
Foreign.
TOTAL.
N.-W- Hampshire
101.203
161,002
8,579
100.782
181,002
Jlai'v-iehusetts -
3,547,463
1.732.6*20
5,280,083
Rhode- Island
357,684
203,499
561,183
Connecticut -
JC.-w-York -
383,135
8,230.278
2.445,095
383,135
10,675.373
New-Jersey - - :
Poimsylvania
5,27P
3,569,551
1,024.368
5.279
4,593,919
105,102
.
106,102
Mai-viand -
4,086,274
950,327
5.03'i.fiOl
District of Columbia* •
1,065.026
•
1,065,626
Virginia -
6,632,579
44.397
0.676/176
Nor'H'.-Carelina
1,012,0(57
075
1,013,^42
South-Carolina -
6..VM.783
100.346
6.675,1 9
•i.! 4 6,0 57
2^,2^2
4,172,319
l/oui,ia;ia -
Territory United Stalest
5,05.^858
39,562
46,752
130
5,102.610
39,692
Total,
45,974.403
6,583,350
52,557,753
0-orgetown*
132.139
.
132.1--9
Alexandria -
;,8.<>,4>T
• '
1.833,437
Total,
1,955,636
• -
1,965,626
MicWjfmn territory t •
Mississippi do. ...
36.909
2,573
130
37.119
2,573
Total.
39.562
13C
39,602
'A SUMMARY STATEMENT
Of the value of the exports of the growth, produce and
mmuf.ictitre cf the United Stut-.'-s, dm i iff the year
ending o?i the 30th of September, 1815.
THE SEA,
912,009
Fislieriej—
Dried fish, or cod fishery
Pickled fish, or river fishery (her
riii?, shad, salmon, matkarel)
"Whale, common oil and hone
Spermaceti oil and candle*
THE FOREST,
3,910,000
Skins and furs -
Ginseng •
Product of wood —
Lumber (boards, staves, shingles
hoops and poles, hewn timber
masts, &cj
Oak bark and other die
Naval stores (tar, pitch, rosin,&c
Ashes, pot and pearl
AGRICULTURE, 38,808,000
Product of animals-
Beef tallow, hides, live cattle
Butter and cheese
, lard, live hogs
Horses
Sheep -
Vegetable food—
Wheat, flour and bUcuit
Indian corn and meal
Rice -
All other (rya» oats, pulse, pota
toes, apples;
Tobacco !•
f:ouon* ....
All other agricultural products-
Flax seed -
Maple sugar -
Wax° .--.
Various items, (poultry, flax) &c,
57,000
143,000
800.0CO
io,oou
385,000
336,000
455,000
865,000
407,000
242,000
155,000
30,00f
494,000
218,000
200,000
419,000
3,491,000
49S,OC
IS5,00(
7,209,00
.140,00
2,735,000
100,000
326,00
1,00
6.00
140,00
5,CO
912,000
3,910,000
1,332,000
11,231,000
8,235,000
17,529,000
'Spa-Island cotton valued at 31 cents per Ib.
Upland do. 20 do.
ST ATEMENT— continu c.l .
MAMVACTL'KKh, 1,553,00-;
Domestic mat-rials—
St»r»p and taltow candlei
J.' Miiicr. boots, shoes, saddlery
Grain (spirits, beer, sta-oh)
\\'oo.l (incliniiHu; t'urnf tare, ooacb
re and other carriages)
Cahies and cordage
Iron ...
Various itt-ms (snuff, silk fhof-s,
va\ candh.-s. toiiacjo, K-ad, lin-
seed oil, spirits of turpentine, &c
Fon-ign mnff rials—
Spirits U-OMI niolRsscs
Sr,;v.-:r. refined -
Chocolate -
Gunpowder ...
Urass ai:'l copper, -
Medic-i'ial ilrugs, ~
UNCERTAIN,
791,000
Articles not distinguished in returns—
Miiiiiitncfured
llaw produce ...
Totnl—lollars
3fi5,COO
134, OCW
212,000
3-1,000
238,00i
s.roo
3.CO
1,321,000
4° 3,000
293,000
1,553,000
791,000
45.07-1.000
A STATEMENT
Of the duties collected on the importation cf articles
ivhich were afterwards re-exported, isitJiont bring
entitled to drawback.
SPKCIES OF T.fEUCHAXDISi:.
oods paying cluiios ad valorem, at
27 A per cent. -
25" do. -
32 i do.
30 do. -
42i do.
40 do. -
Wines, Malmsey, Madeira, and Lon-
don particular, -
Claret, &c. in bottles or cases,
Lisbon, Oporto, 8cc. -
Tenerifie, Fayal, &c. -
All other, -
Spirits from grain, -
oilier materials, -
Molasses,
Beer, ale, and porter, ...
Teas, Souchong1, ....
Hyson, imperial, &c.
Coffee, -----.
Cocoa,
Sug-ur, Brown,
WJiite, clsiycd, &c. -
Loaf, -
Almonds,
Fruits, Currants, ....
Prunes and plums, -
Ilaisins, imported in jars, box-
es, and muscatel,
All other, ...
Candles, tallo\v, ....
Soap, ------
Spices, Mace, -----
Nutmegs, ....
Cinnamon, ....
Cloves, -
Pepper, -
Pimento, - ...
Chinese Cassia,
.mount of
duty.
40,983 30
199,08:3 50
668 20
100,402 03
135 15
2,976 80
351 4S
1,005 93
915 60
33 GO
6J844 of)
22,302 03
5,579 96
219 60
444 15
4,558 40
2,187 81
150,827 20
35.751 £0
56,333 45
351 18
36 90
603 20
1/173 75
1 75
4 24
ir 7^
28 00
538 40
12 5Q
442 OJ
4.712 83
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 0 1816
STATEMENT— continued.
SPECIES OF KEBGHAHDISE.
Iriditfo
Co ton, -
Powder, gun, -
Iron, slit and hoop, -
Spikes, -
Quicksilver, - - .
Paints, ochre, yellow in oil,
\Viiite and red leud, -
Lead and manufactures of lead,
:, tarred, - - . ' •
Untarred, -
Cables, - - ~ -
GLuber salts, - ..
Salt, weighing 55 pound.5 or less,
'
h, foreign caught, dried,
S;i an or;,
.. i -lack quart bottles,
window, not above- 8 inches by 10,
Sclavs, -
Shoes ami slippers, hid, morocco, and
for men und women, -
, playing,
Total dollars,
\mount o
duty.
9,035 0
12,384 7
2,08-^ 0
52 0
10,323 5.
7 5,
1,770 01
8 41
44 4(
87 54
44 1
1,162 8
372 04
18,524 0(
12 0(j
317 OC
37 8C
143 0
54 01
43 2C
12 8(
660 OC
391 20
1,483 5
17,5-iO 19
THEASVR* 1>EPAUTME\T,
J? water's Office, Feb. 12, 1816, .
JOSEPH NOURSE, Register.
TVIaj. Gen. Harrison's Letter,
Addressed to. the speaker of the house oj representatives
of tlit* tTntted States.
' North Bwid, (Ohio.) Dec. 20, 1315,
Sni — I should apologize for this intrusion upon
the time of 'the house oi' representatives, if I consi-
dered the subject upon which I address them, ex-
clusive! v of a private and personal nature. Although
the Mtv«btigation "I solicit is of the utmost impor-
t \iiot-. to my: A •'[•', it will, 1 conceive, he readily acjmit-
ted, that both t!io national Tionor and interest are
det p y concerned iii the result. My object is to ob-
tain i\"'\ n:q".i.y iiV.o th'e expenditure of public mo-
ney wit'.un ;l,c 8th military District, whilst under
tny command, arid particularly whatever relates to
the supplies of provision by the special commissaries
of tiie United .States ami Under the' contract of
Messrs. 0;T and Gfeely.' My reasons for making
tliis application, and the particular claim i conceive
Biyseff to have upon the indulgence of the house of
representatives, are most respectfully submitted to
t.-jem, through "you, sir, in the following- statement: —
Shortly after tJie adjournment of congress in 1814,
i was i;iibru,al that the honorable Mr. Fisk, the
chairman of a committee which had been appoint-
ed to enquire into some complaints of the army
contractors, had declared to one of the western
deletion, that documents had been submitted to
that committee which were clecpl}' injurious to my
pir-lio character. 1 immediately addressed a letter
u> Mr. FLsk of Vermont, -demanding- an explanation
. declaration'. Fi-om tlie answer of this gentle-
man I learned that I had mistaken him for another
of tlie same name, a representative from the state'
ef New York, anil who was tlie chairman of the
. ^minittcc alluded to. To the lutter, at the coui-
mencement. of the last session of congress a
letter was 'sent. In liis answer he denied w^xiiv
used the expressions concerning- me which had byen
made to the committee supported by authentic
documents, chiefly my own letters, all showing- a
wonderful inconsistency in the orders given to the
contractors for supplying- the army with provisions.
Being' perfectly convinced that these documents
were very artful mutilations of my letters to the
contractors and the secretary of war, I transmitted
to Mr. Fisk, through the honorable Mr. Hawkins
of Kentucky, all the original lettei-s and papers in
my possession relating to the subject of the sup-
plies I had demanded of Orr and Greeiy. — These
capers were accompanied by an explanatory state-
ment from me, and a request to Mr. Hawkins to
bring the affair before congress, should lie deem it
necessary to the vindication of my character. It
•vas not until very late in the session that Mr. Fisk
could spare a moment from his public duties to de-
vote to my affair. In the answer however, with
•vhich he honored me, he was pleased to express
much satisfaction at the information contained in
ny memoir, and to add, that "if tlie documents
which accompanied it) had been exhibited to the
committee of investigation, they would, he was
jersuaded, have made an impression upon tlie
"ninds of that committee different from that pro-
luced by the imperfect information which \vas
•cceivcd." That a committee should have thought
iroper to investigate the conduct of a general
ifh'cer commanding an army without his knowing
t, und to suffer their minds to receive unfavorable
repressions concerning him, upon the imperfect?
information furnished by his enemies, is, I am
>ersuaded, a novel procedure with the representa-
tives of the people, who are the guardians of their
'ights and privileges. I am confident, however,
hat tlie committee acted from no previous hostility
o me, and I attribute xiieir conduct to inadvertency
mxluced by the pressure of important business
t the momentous period of our affairs. — It is
nevertheless certain, that these impressions of the
ommittee have been communicated to othei-s, aixl
rulice and hatred have given .them currency in a
ohsiderable portion of the union. To resist this
orreiit of calumny, I have no alternative but to
olicit an investigation. If the granting of this
itvor is beyond the merits of an officer who has
pent the greatest portion of his life in the service
if the public, it will be accorded to the claims of
he nation, and to the vindication of the honor and
liaracter of the country. — The annals of the late
var will not record the treachery of a second
\rnold, but they u ill give to posterity an instance
f military crime scarcely less detestable than that
.ml blot 'in our revolutionary history. — If any other
fficer of high rank and trust can be truly charged
,'itii a crime so disgraceful as that of- speculating
pan the funds of his army, it 'will in the estimation
f the world, detract largely from the blaze of
enown with which the achievements of Brown
nd Jackson have encircled the nation; and I hum-
>ly conceive, that no pains should be spared to as-
ertain the guilt or innocence of the lait war, for the
iversion of the public fiuuls u> individual purposes
rould have been equally fatal with treason und
icrits punishment as severe. For myself, I was
/ell aware that the treasury coald scarcely answer
he. weighty demands which were made upon it by
lie military department; and knowing, as I well did,
lie heroic valor of our countrymen, in common with
very patriot — I believed that America had no cause
f alarm but for tlie inadequacy of her fiscal arrange-
SILKS' WEEKLY REGISTER-WORKS OF VIRGINIA.
89
incontrovertible. The principle being as we!
anv other in relation to the proceeding and glory was rapidly descending to the horizon. How
Jurisdiction of courts martial, which are derived are these sentiments changed! 1 he whole scene «
j-um the "custom of war. "-It was the practice of reversed-the wisest men among us perceived that a
1 *• ..... crisis was approaching, which must either save us
or sink us lower; that if nothing was done in the
first moments of peace, the state would be dis.
graced. But the most sanguine of our patriots
had never dreamt that so much would have been
effected in so short a time; that the foundations of
public improvement would have been so expedi-
tiously and so deeply laid; that the legislature of
1815-16, would have consecrated so large a fund to
roads and rivers; so munificent an appropriation to
schools; that our water courses were to be cleared,
canals dug, roads formed, bridges erected, schools
established. Academies and a college endowed,
with so much ease and so much expedition. Hut.
they \\HVP laul the plan for these enterpmes. ktui
pi-o'vided funds for their execution.
RIVERS, ROADS, CAXALS, &c.
They have appropriated a million of dollars t«.
these objects; the present nett annual income esti-
mated at not less than g> 100,000— besides endow-
ing this fund with all the premiums which may
hereafter arise from incorporating1 new, or extend-
ing the capitals of the existing banks. This fund
is under the superiiucndance of a board of public
works, who are to gather information, devise plans
and overlook their direction. Of the sort of mate-
rials which constitute this board, the qualifications
which they possess, the services which may be an
ticipated from them, some idea may be formed
from the single circumstance that Mr. Jefferson i:-.
a member of the board. No portion of this iv.r.r.
can be employed upon any public work, until sornc
guarantee is obtained of its feasibility, by 3-5tlis
of the capital being previously contributed by in-
dividuals, who are disposed to risk their money
in the enterprize. Our rivers and roads will soon
experience the benefits of a system, which com-
bines vigilance, wisdom and capital together. The
Roanoke, the Rappahannock, the Shenandoa.ii, will
all enjoy the advantages — and, that most munifi-
cent of all the public works \vhich have been un-
der consideration, the communication between the
James and Ohio rivers, will thrive undev its auspi-
ces. All that is now to be desired is, that a liberal
«t the ancient republics, and in England, frpir
whence we derive our military as well as our civil
conmon law; the precedent was established in the
cas« of lord George Sackville, who for alleged
misconduct at the battle of Minden, was brought
before a military tribunal and cashiered long af ler
his resignation had been accepted— If in the enquiry
I solicit, any thing should appear to create a doubt
as to the purity of my conduct in the command of
the army that was entrusted to me, let a court martial
decide ray fate. I promise most solemnly to admit
its jurisdiction and abide its decision.
I make this application to the house of re-
presentatives with the fullest confidence that it
will not be rejected : It is the only reward I claim
for a long course of laborious and faithful service.
The greater the latitude which is given to the
enquiry, the better shall I like it ; and I most re-
spectfully request that it may embrace the following
points .: Whether any supplies were ever demanded
bv me of the contractors, Orr and Grecly, which
were not called for by the state of the army, an:!
warranted by the conditions of their contract :
Whether any injustice was done to the said Orr
and Greely, by any order given by me to the
purchasing1 or special commissaries of the army :
Whether there is reason to believe that any sen-
timent of hostility existed in my mind towards the
said contractors, and which operated injuriously to
their interests, either by forcing them to do what
was unnecessary, or withholding from them any
thing that they had a right to claim : Whether
there is any reason to believe that any connection
(.other than that which the relations of our com-
missions necessarily produced) existed between
myself and any of 'the staif officers of the army:
and generally whatever, relates to the expenditure
of public money for the support of the North West-
ern army, as far as I may have been concerned.
These points will embrace every thing that any
but a military tribunal is competent to decide. The
enquiry will, I trust, produce a perfect conviction
that the measures which were adopted, were those
alone by which the subsistence of the army could
have been ascertained.
I have forwarded to the representatives of the d;s-
. trict in which I live, a number of original docu.
and enlightened system should be adopted by the
next legislature, which, muy
ments with an explanatory statement, these togetheri tjie
with the testimony of coL Morrison, late quarter!
master general, and Mr. Piatt,late purchasing com-
I ing interests, and diffuse at large the
compromise connict-
acntnts oi
SCHOOLS.
Nearly $1,000,000 more is given to */«'sholypu
increase from certain
missary, both of whom will be at the seat of gq- po,sc_besides, an annual _
verment, will furnish every information necessary ,fieS) penalties and forfeitures— and a sum in hand
tojny vindication With the h.^est coimdei-ation,| uf near g50 00o. So munificent is this appropria-
tion to the literary fund; so great a spring has it.
given to the hopes of the friend of education, thav
the executive have, it in charge to lay a scheme
before the next general assembly, of a univeiiiity,
colleges, academies, and schools, to diffuse the ben-
efits of education among the people. This act alone
ought to hand down this legislature to the grati-
tude of posterity.
MAP AND CHARTS.
They have authorised a map to be taken of the
whole state, and a chart of each county — au object,
whose benefits are scai'cely to be calculated.
A large fund brides to the improvement of l\\r-
iu iijy Tiii\&J&'«ii'iUfi. vv mi uic IIIK, Ai*-aL OWHOJ.U.W1 H.LJ
I have the honor to be, sir, your humble servant,
WM. HENRY HARRISON,
Late Major Gen. in the U. 8. Jlrmy.
The honorable the speaker of' the house of i-eyrcst'ntativts.
The works of Virginia.
The legislature of Virginia recently closed a most
splendid session. They have, indeed, deserved
the reward of "well done, good and faithful ser-
vants.'* The editor of the Richmond Enquirer,
after an eloquent exordium in his usual happy
manner, thus notices their labors —
'I'hese sensations were not confined to the writer
$0 NILES WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 1916.
public property, at least 50 or 60,009 dollars—
the public square is to be embellished and enclos-
ed, the capitol improved, °:c-. &c.
Ground of a very vakiabie description assigned
to the erection of a museum of curiosities, and o
the fine arts.
A monument to be erected over the ashes of the
illustrious Washington — the thanks of the country
and memorials of public gratitude voted to those
gallant officers who have shed their Uood or risk-
ed their lives for us — the land law opened to fa-
cilitate the compensation of the soldiers of the re-
volutionary army — -uid on the eve of dissolution,
resolu- ions adopted to secure ..he titles of those
gallant veterans, who had claims to land in the
western country.
Incorporations, whose very names would fatigue
the reader to peruse, conceded for turnpike roads,
bridges and river companies.
100,000 dollars to the armory, for the fabrication
of our arms.
Four arsenals to preserve the arms, after they
are made.
All the nc\v subjects of taxation, too, are spong--
crl a\\fav — and the increase upon the old taxes re-
duced 12 per cent. With an eye to the interest of
the people, they have taken from their burthens —
but with an eye to the improvement of the state,
they have magnanimously determined to retain ?.s
many taxes as were necessary to facilitate those
improvements.
Besides these services, they have improved our
ludiciary system, establishing marshals, for the
transmission of the process of the chancery courts,
and making it the duty of the clerk of the court of
appeals to circulate its decisions.
Yet, it is not only by what they have done; but
what they have refused to do, that the legisla-
ture is entitled to our respect. They have set their
faces against a Theological Incorporation, — and
aguinst a mammoth system of 15 banks, which was
calculated to increase the evil of an extended pa-
pe;- currency, by deluging the state by fresh emis-
sions— thus showing that no association of monied
interests, no combination of votes, can corrupt or
ovemve the legislature of Virginia. They havt
gone further, enacted a law to muzzle those unli-
cenced nv.shroorn insiitui ion?, which presume to
violate the laws of the land. The only act which
lias a fearful appearance, is the law coercing the
present banks to pay gold and silver by the 15th of
November; as it is "possible the circumstances of
that period may not permit them to open their
vaults.
Citizens of Virginia! let us bow then before an
assembly which has done us so much good and so
little injury.
And you, citizens of Richmond! how much im-
proved'is your situation! It has not yet escaped
our anxious recollection, how frankly you were re-
minded in October last, that you had "no museums;
no galleries of the line arts; no halls where justice
may sit in comfort to administer her behests; no
public walks; no enclosure round the capitol square;
no champ de mars provided; no Lancaster schools;
no academics; no unobstructed navigation up to
Rock Ptts." Things are now altered; a museum is
sanctioned by the legislature of your state — the
square is to be enclosed — public walks will In-
formed witliin it — the river opened to Rocketts — a
court-house to be built — a Lancastrian school mu-
nificently endowed by yourselves — and an academy
Arising, at least, out of its ruins. J*c but as liberal
':is your representatives; sTiow but as much public
spirit .is you have so;i. '^ite-I, r,ni th
whole world xvill confer worthy c
your ber.uU::.i] river, your airv
your landscapes, the commerce you command, t;n
the capitol which you surround.'
Remains of Washington.
R'- . 18-6
SIR— I perform, with infinite satisfaction, .'hi
duty assigned to me by the enclosed resolution
of the general assembly.
To the unanimous expression of the desire )f tin
legislature, I beg leave to add the •
of the executive of Virginia, that you will permi
the remains of her beloved son, gene r.-il J>-
and those of his excellent and amiable wifc, to b<
removed to Richmond, to be intc
capitol, beneath a monument to be erected at tin
expense of the people of Virginia.
This application is made by the native state o
Washington, not in the vain hope of adding lustn
to his reputation — his fame cannot be increase!
by any human structure but as n, mcmojial of:
nation's gratitude and affection, and in the expecta
tion, that it will excite a spirit of emulation, whicl
will give her forages to comq, citizens whose live
will be marked by disinterested devotion to the pub
[ic good, such as upon all occasions, distinguishe*
ler illustrious Washington.
Ail who have any agency in making this request
lave foreseen the sacrifice of feeiiag which you wil
make, in parting with the remains of rci
revered; but it is hoped you will yield them to th
ardent wishes of Virginia.
1 have the honor to be, very respectfully, v0-j
n:mble scrv't, \v*. C. NICHOLAS.
The honorable BCRHHOD WASHINGTON,
City of Washington.
[REPLY.]
WASHINGTON, March 13.
.SIR, — It. is not in my power to express in term,
which would do justice to my feelings, the sensibilit;
with which I received the resolutions of the legisla
ture of Virginia, authorizing the governor to opei
a correspondence with me, and to request me, "ii
behalf and in the name of the commonwealth, t<
permit the remains of her beloved son, the lali
general George Washington, to be removed from tin
family vault at Mount Vernon, ur.d interred nea:
the capitol of Virginia, beneath a monument, to b<
erected at the public expence, and to serve as i
memorial to future ages of the love of a gratcfii
people."
The nature of the application, the unanimity witl
which it Avas made, and the verms in which it i:
expressed, nil unite to impress me with feelings o:
gratitude which can never be obliterated.
So many and so powerful are the motives whicl
urge me to comply with the- wishes of the legislature
so sincere and so earnest is my solicitude to promote
them, that could I oppose to them only my persona
feelings and my individual repugnance, to parting
with the remains of general Washington and o:
Mrs. Washington, these feelings would have beei
subdued, this repugnance would have been con
quered, and I would have yielded those bodies, tc.
be disposed of at the will "of Virginia. Painful a;
die sacrifice must have been, it should have beer
made.
But obligations more sacred than any thing whici
concerns myself— -obligations with which I cannot
dispense, command me to retain the mortal remains
of my venerated uncle, in the family vault whert
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-FOREIGN ARTICLES.
91
•they are deposited. It is lii.j own \vi'd, and that
will is to m'e a law which T dare not disobey. He-
lias himself dim-.ted that his body should be placed
there, and I r.rmnoi separate it from those of his near
relatives, by which it is surrounded.
I pray you, sir, to accompany my profound ac-
knoTOedgements to the legislature of Virginia, .with
the most respectful assurances that no considera-
tions, uu-reiy personal, could induce me to oppose
to their's; and that it is not without the
that even under the big'
my wishes
most <leep-felt regret,
sense of a most sacred duty, I decline to comply
with the request contained in their resplutions.
Permit me, sir, to add, that the manner in which
the request of the legislature has been communicat-
ed by the executive, has.in no small degree increaset
the pain 1 inflict on myself in not yielding to that
request, and to assure you that
I am, with the highest respect
rov of the- kingdom of Italy, by the emperor *V.
It is sailed' that trar.qu'ility has been restored at
Z, 7/071 v, and that France in general id quite quiet.
Tin1 AM- Irian troops, it is said, will no' le.ve
J\"nf)les until the'- -i.-e paid twenty millions of du-
cats for '-"delivering-" it.
The ffniHutini' iias been lately used in France for
•.:tion of a person convicted of murder.
U:i t!u .'ithof Fob. despatcl.es were received at
o;i:lon from the duke of Wellington jit Paris,
caused She immediate assembly of the cabi-
iiose deliberations continued two hours. The
irport of them was not publicly understood.
Some of the members of the British parliament
o not seem pleased with the "/.-v'j/ feǤ7/e" between
Russia, Austria and J'russia. It appears by the r;c-
nowiedgmcnt of Castlereagh, that a league hid
een entered into between Fjirlinui, .itixtrin :>n<l
sir, vour mos
"nnice, as guurnntees against
ob't. serv't. BUSH. WASI1IGTOX
His Ex. W. C. NICHOLAS,
Governor of Virginia, JtickfiMnd.
Foreign Articles.
i O
A notification has been issued at Rome for car
vying into effect the requisitions of the bull re!
tive to the discipline of ecclesiastics. They ar
forbidden from frequenting plays, concerts, anc
profane assemblies; and are enjoined always to ap
pear in public in the habits of their order. Th
round hat, and short hair, arc severely prohibited
It is repeated, that a good deal of uneasiness pre
vails in Prussia. The measures now particularl
complained of, are the ordinance relative to the se
cret societies, and the suppression of the .Merciir
of the Rhine, by the immediate order of the kint,
M. Justus Gruner, has been sent ambassador t
Naples, and Niebuhr to Rome. These mission
are regarded as a species of exile, in consequenc
of publications in favor of secret societies. Th
latter published a pamphlet in answer to Schmul
The plague raged to an afflicting degree, at tl
last accounts from Constantinople. A sister <
the grand seignor has died of it.
On the 6th of January, died at Warsaw, Mr. Fra
cis Ignatius A'arodsty, at the age of 125 years. H
was married the second time in his 92d year, and
diU.rhter, the fruit of this marriage, is still livin
In 1 JOG, the Polish government granted him a pe
sion of 3000 florins, which the emperor Aiexand
lias continued to pay.
Sir Hob ei-l Wilson, Bruce and Hutchison, ha
rot been admitted to bail, as was stated in t
English papers. Their application to be releas
on bail, lias been refused. The public readin
rooms in Paris are closed and not to be re-opened
until a new permission from the prefect of police.
Car not has arrived at Warsaw on his way to St.
Petersburg1. The PITHCPSS of //Y/.Vs has arrived at
Athens. On finishing her visit in Greece, she will
Me
ored to get over the matter lightly; calling it a
itre "historical fact."
The emperor of Rtis.no is pursuing a policy that
•ill not fail to rouse the fears of other nations when
is too late — and yet it is :i policy that \ve cannot
il u) commend him for. It appears to be the de-
ermination df Louix, no doubt prompted to it by
he intrigues of the allies, to divest France of ail
er great men for war, or skilful in the science*
iul works of peace, that the extraordinary state of
livii;--; in that countrv, for many years past, brought
>rth from obscurity", all of whom were encouraged
o the utmost of the power of *\°af)o!co}>. The pro-
edure will weaken France as much as the loss of
one-fourth of her territory, and proportioriaV.y
trengthen the nations that "afford them an asyl-:m.
lle.ran(h'r, sensible of this, is encouraging all such
)ersons to settle in his states. He has especially
nvited great numbers of them to make Russia thei;*
lome. SoilVt, Carnot and Davoust, it is said, will
go — Lacepede and Chaptal, we are told, prefer the.
United States. Is the emperor of Russia under"
French influence?'*
Slocks, London, Feb. 10. — " per cent, reduced. 60
5-8, 3-4, 1-2; 3 per cent, consols 60 5-8, 3-4, 1-2;
Omnium 16 15, 5-8 1-2.
A great sensation was created at Bordeaux by a
Baltimore vessel which had hoisted her flags to
dry, among which was her signal fl;<g, having the
three colors so fearful to the royalists. The fiag
was immediately hauled down, when it wns under-
stood that oiTenee was tuken at it; but the com-
missary of the roval marine made an ujjicial com-
munication about it.
is about to publish a justification of
The British transport Seahorse, baS been wreck-
ed near Tramorc. She wan returning to £11 gland.
with the 59
been engaged
proceed to Constantinopl
The men banished from
France to Prussia are
stationed in Silesia; those to Aus-ria, in Moravia;
those to Russia, in the Crimea. England is not to i great flattery and presented with u
receive any. Fouche is going to Prussia, where sion of lieut. general of artillery
Thibaudeau is alread.
America.
Vandamme is coming to
The amount of British manufactures exported
the battle of Wa'.eii.) ». TV. eive officers, 2 G2 sol-
diers, 14 sailors, ;>0 women :-:id -13 children were
lost — only 32 per.-.ons were saved.
Cavnot appears to have, lieen exceedinly poor. —
before his departure for Russia lie disposed of hi*
property which produced or.lv rO,00'i.f.-anes. about
c£2000 sterling. At Warsaw he \va.-> received with
a brevet commis-
general ot artillery in the Russian
service. Mr. Ferry, director of a school of art
at Mentz, also goes to I?
The prisons of Paris are said to be quite full —
during three-quarters, ending Oct. 10, 1814, was ] Many letters from Paris p;i!;iis!:e.l in lite i
•<,Q.QQ!. sterling. The amount exported dur-i papers shew an exceeding restlessness iivthe people
ing three-quarters, ending a year after, was 42 mil- of France. An organized i.isurrecuon appears to
lions four hundred thousand pounds sterling
The archduke Job11? of Ausvrhi, Is appointed vice-
have been designed at Lyons, and the seeds of it
are said still to exist notwithstanding the vigilance
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 1816.
of the police. The tri-colored cockade is worn in
some parts of the country, and the greatest sensi-
bility is displayed whenever this favorite emblem
appears, as is shewn in the following incident—
\ Dutch vessel entered the river of Caen. — The
Inhabitants of Caert seeing a red, blue and white
Has: believed that it was the French national flag;
•ind'thenews spread immediately through the town,
that the emperor waa returning. The whole of the
national guards flew to their arms, and every man
hastened to the port to receive him. When the
eiTor was discovered, the royal authorities resumed
their superiority. This is said to be the motive for
arresting the prefect of Des Calvadoes, and the
orders for breaking up and afterwards re-organiz-
ing the national guard.
Every vessel arriving in the United States from
1'rmce brings out a number of passengers. Among
those recently arrived at New- York, is the baron
Quenetta de Ilochemont, late secretary to the pro-
visional government.
ITALY. Respecting this country, a London paper
contains the following intelligence:
Our accounts from Milan are to the 8th of Janua-
ry, and they mention a most offensive and impoli-
tic measure with regard to Italy, adopted by the
cabinet of Vienna. The Italian language is to be
excluded from all judicial proceedings, which in
future are to be conducted in the German tongue,
and tlte judges are to be of the same nation.
In obedience to an order to this effect, a new code
of laws is in preparation, the text and exposition
of which is to be entirely German, and the Aus-
; ruins have proceeded so far as to displace the
twelve judges of the country, who, we are told, are
sen;, into retirement without pension or other pro-
vision, and an equal number of German jurists have
been appointed in their place, to fill such high and
important functions. It is observed in the same let-
itrs, from which we derive this information, that
.luring the long continuance of French despotism
in Italy, no attempt of this kind, had been hazard-
ed by the adherents of Napoleon.
Paris, Feb. 14. — We have read in the Eondoi
-'Star" of the 10th inst. that it is whispered in the
best informed societies, that there is to be a chang<
of ministry, and a dissolution of parliament. Lori
1 averpool has recieved a hint to retire. Lords Gren
Tille and Wellesley will enter the cabinet, and lore
Castlereagh will be prime minister. .The cause of UK
change is a difference of opinion on the subject o
economy in the public expences.
Jirussels, Feb. 2. They write from Ghent, thai
on the 31st ult. several workmen in the manufacto-
ries of that city, burnt all the goods of foreign ori-
gin which were in their possession, and took a so-
lemn engagement entirely to renounce the use o
stuffs manufactured any where but in the country
Convention bet-ween Great Britain and Jlustna signet
at Paris, Aug. 2. 1815.
Napoleon "Bonaparte being in the power of the
allied sovereigns, their majesties the king of the
united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
emperor of Austria, the emperor of Russia and the
king of Prussia, have agreed, in virtue of the sti
puhuions of the treaty of the 25th of March, 1815
upon the measures most proper to render all enter
prize impossible, on his part, against the repose o
Europe.
Arc. 1. Napoleon Bonaparte is considered by th<
powers who have signed the treaty of the 25th o
.March last as their prisoner.
Art. 2. His custody is especially entrusted to tin
Uritish government.
The choice of the place, and of the
which can best secure the object of the present
tipulation, are reserved to his Britannic majesty.
Art. 3. The imperial courts of Austria and of
Russia, and the royal court of Prussia, are to ap-
oint commissioners to proceed to, and abide at
he place which the government of his Britannic
majesty shall have assigned for the residence of
poleon Bonaparte, and who, without being re-
ponsible for his custody, will assure themselves of
is presence.
Art. 4. His most Christian majesty is to be invited,
\ the name of the four abovementioned courts, to
send in the like manner a French commissioner to
he place of detention of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Art. 5. His majesty the king of the united king-
lorn of Great Britain and Ireland binds himself to
ulfil the engagements which fall to him by thr
iresent convention.
Art. 6. The present convention shall be ratified,
;nd the ratification shall be exchanged within fifteen
lays, or sooner if possible.
In faith whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries
lave signed the present convention, and have affixed
hereto the seals of their arms.
Done :it Paris the 2d August, in the year of ouv
xml, 1815.
(Signed) (L. S.) CASTLEREAGH,
(L. S.) WELLINGTON,
(L. S.) METTERNICII.
A similar convention is signed between G. Britain
and Prussia, and G. Britain and Russia.
•St. Petersbiirgh, January 13.
The following is the manifesto which his imperial
majesty published on Christmas day: —
'By the grace of God, we, Alexander the first, em-
peror and autocrat of all the Russias, &c. hereby
make known:
"As we have seen from experience, and from the
unhappy consequences that have resulted for the
whole world, that the course of the political rela-
tions in Europe between the powers, has not been
founded on those true principles upon which the
wisdom of God in his revelations has founded the
peace and prosperity of all nations.
" We have consequently, in conjunction vith
their majesties the emperor of Austria, Francis the
first, and the king of Prussia, Frederick William,
proceeded to form an alliance between us, (to which
the other Christian Powers are invited to accede)
in which we reciprocally engage, both between
ourselves, and in respect to our subjects, to adopt
as the sole means to attain this end, thefprinciple
drawn from the words and doctrine of our Saviour
Jesus Christ, who preaches not to live in enmity
and hatred, but in peace and love. We hope and
implore the blessing of the most High; may this
sacred union be confirmed between all the powers
for their general good, and (detered by the union
of all the rest) may no one dare to fall off from it.
We accordingly subjoin a copy of this union, order-
ing it to be made generally known, and read in all
the churches.
' St. Petersburg!), on the day of the birth of our
Saviour, Dec. 25, 1815. "ALEXANDER."
The original is signed by his imperial majesty's
own hand.
THE HOLY LEAGUE.
In the name of the holy and Indivisable Trinity.
Their majesties, the emperor of Austria, the king
of Prussia and the emperor of Russia hi consequence
of the great events which have distinguished, in
Europe, the course of the three last years, and espe-
cially of the blessings which it has pleased Diviiy.-.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— GEORGIA SUGAR.
Providence to shed upon these states, whose go-
vernments have placed their confidence and their
hope in it alone; having acquired the thorough con-
viction, that it is necessary for insuring their conti-
nuance, that the several powers, in their mutual
relations, adopt the sublime truths which are pointed
out to us by the eternal religion of the Saviour God;
Declare solemnly, That the present act has no other
object, than to shew in the face of the universe, their
unwavering determination to adopt for the only rule
of their conduct, both in the administration of their
respective states, and in their political relation
with every other government, the precepts of justice,
of charity and of peace, which far from being solely
applicable to private life, ought on the contrary,
directly to influence the resolutions of princes, and
to guide all their undertakings, as being the only
means of giving stability to human institutions, and
of remedying their imperfections.
Their majesties have therefore agreed to the fol-
lowing articles —
Art. I. In conformity with the words of the Holy
Scriptures, which command all men to regard one
another as brethren, the three contracting monarchs
will remain united by the bonds of u true and in-
dissoluble fraternity; and considering each other as
co-patriots, they will lend one another on every
occasion, and in erery place, assistance, aid and
support; and regarding their subjects and armies,
as the fathers of their families, they will govern
them in a spirit of fraternity with which they are
animated, for the protection of religion, peace and
justice.
Art. II. Therefore the enly governing principle
between the above mentioned governments and
their subjects, shall be that of rendering reciprocal
services; of testifying, by an unalterable benefi-
cence, the mutual affection with which they ought
to be animated; of considering all as only the mem-
bers of one Christian nation, the three allied princes
looking upon themselves as delegated by Provi-
dence to govern three branches of the same family,
to wit — Austria, Prussia and Russia; confessing
likewise, that the Christian -nations of which they
and their people form a part, have really no other
sovereign than Him, to whom alone power belongs
of right, because in him alone are found all the
treasures of love, of science, and of wisdom; that is
to »ay, God, our Divine Saviour Jesus Christ, the
Word of the Most High, the Word of Life. Their
^majesties therefore, recommend, with ttie most
tender solicitude, to their people, as the only means
of enjoying that peace which springs from a good
conscience, and which alone is durable, to fortify
themselves every day more and more in the prin-
ciples and exercise of the duties which the Divine
Saviour has pointed out to us.
Art. III. All powers which wish solemnly to pro-
fess the sacred principles whick have dictated this
act, and who shall acknowledge how important it is
to the happiness of nations, too long disturbed, that
these truths shall henceforth exercise upon human
destinies, all the influence whish belong to them,
shall be received with as much readiness as affec-
tion, in this holy alliance.
Made triparte, and signed at Paris, in the year of
our Lord, 1815, on the 14th (26) September.
FRANCIS,
FREDERICK WILLIAM,
ALEXANDER.
A true copy of the original,
ALEXANDER.
Petersburg, the day of the birth of our Saviour,?
the mil December, mi. £
Commerce of Spanish America.
The following statement extracted from "an ex-
positonofthe commerce of Spanish America," just
published by Manuel Torres, resident at Philadel-
phia, contains information very useful to commercial
men.
Value of the annual exportation from the ports of
Spanish America, to foreign countries.
Value of the vegetable kingdom $32,767,000
Do. animal do 3,627,000
Do. K mineral do 63,520,000
Total value $99,914,000
Proportion of New Spain and Yucatan.
Gold and silver coins and bullion 30,790,000
Other produce 6,210,000
Proportion of Gustimala.
Gold and silver coins and bullion
Other produce
37,000,000
1,040,000
2,060,000
3,100,000
ion nf ~\"p\v-Grenada and Venezuela.
Gold and silver coins and bullion 6,500,000
Other produce 8,207,000
14,707,000
Proportion of the Vice Royalty of Lima.
Gold and silver coins and bullion 8,290,000
Other produce 340,000
8,630,000
Proportion of Buenos Ayres and Chili.
Gold and silver coins and bullion 14,950,000
Other produce §3,122,000
18,072,000
Proportion of Cuba, St. Domingo and Puerto Rico.
Produce 18,375,000
Total value, $99,914,000
By the above statement we can calculate the
immense wealth England has derived from the
trade with Spanish America; we can also discover,
that she owes her colossal power and political
influence all over the world to the great proportion
of the precious metals which she had acquired.
According to a late English paper the yearly
consumption of English goods in Spanish America,
has been more than twelve millions sterling, and
the returns liave yielded immense profits in Eng-
land.
Georgia Sugar.
The following communication is inserted in the Sa~
•vannah Republican of the 16th inst. It would be a
matter of sincere regret to me, indeed,if any thing
that has been said on this subject in the WEEKIC
nEBisTKR could tend to mislead, and therefore
injure the cause instead of promoting the culture
of an article which I regard with so much inter-
est and anxiety. The writer's conclusions may
be just: I am quite content to hear that we can
make it ch caper and to more advantage than in
the West Indies.
GEOIIGIA SUGAR.— From the Savannah Republican.
—An article under this head has been copied front
Xilcs' Weekly Register into many of the southern
prints, stating the quantity of sugar made by maj.
Butler and Mr. M'Queen.— The principal facts i'-i
the article alluded to, arc correct, but theinferon
91 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 1816.
cestendto mislead and therefore injure the cause,,
I of promoting1 it. That a certain quantityj
of land has produced a given quantity of sugar —
say tl.atS.5 awivH yielded 140,OUOlbs. and that one
, of ail acre upon Savannah river has produced
6JOlbs. of dry, mercantile sugar, is generally be-!
lievevl, and Understood to be true. But the quanti-j
ty which can be made to each hand, is by no means !
ascertained yet, as it may require six or eight hands
to harvest and manufacture what one could culti-
v^te., and therefore the cidcuktjonsnn the above
piece, of such enormous returns per hand, is quite
o :t •>;' the question, li is enough for the cause of
sugar, that it has yielded as far north as Savannah
at a rate which would be considered ample
in the West Indies, and that it can be manufactured
from October to tlie last of January. If, therefore,
we cannot make it cheaper and to more advantage
than iu the West Indies, it must be our o\vn fault.
CONGRESS.
SEX ATE.
The senate lias been chiefly occupied since our
last with the bank bill. Many urnem! meats were
oirV-red, but none which* affected the general prin-
ciples of the bill were agreed to.
^jjrit 2. — A motion was made by Mr. Harper, to
strike out the scale of votes at elections, etc. there
were 7 yeas, 23 nays. So the motion was lost
The Lili having been further amended, the ques-
tion on ordering the amendments to be eh'jjfros'seu,
and the bill to be read a third time, was decided in
the affirmative, as follows:
For the bill— Messrs. Ivirbonr, Barry, Bibb, Brown, Campbdl,
Ciiaee, Condit, Ddggett, Fromentin, Burner, Horsey, Il'twll, Hun
t«-r, Lncock. Ma»oii' Va. Morrow, Roberts, Talbot, Tait, Taylor,
Turn- r, Var nun. \Viniams—23.
AKWUI t>';c /><;/-M-.ssrs. Dana, Gaillard, Goldsborodgb, Macon,
Mason, N. 11. Sanibnl, Thompson, Tichenor. Wilson— 10.
sljiril 3. licsides other business —
T;;e great Hank Bill was read a third time. On
the question "Shall the bill pass ?" The following
was the vote :
YKAS— Messrs. Barbour. Barry, Brown. Campbell, Chace, Con-
ilit, Duggttt. Fromentin, Harpt-r, Hoisty, Howell, Hunttr, Lacotk,
ilason Va. Morrow, Roberts, Talbot, Tait, Taylor, Turner, Var-
iiufn, Williams — 2-.
X A Y3— Messrs. Dana, GaillarJ, Goltlshorough, Gore, King, Ma-
ton, Mason N. H. Ruggies, Sanlord, Ticbenor, Weils, Wilson— 12.
[Messrs. Bibb and Thompson, the oniy absentees,
are Understood to have been detained from the se-
nate by ill health ; the former of these gentlemen
beinf, we are very sorry to say, seriously indispos-
el],
So the bill was passed, and the concurrence of the
house of representatives ordered to be requested in
the amendments thereto.
HOUSE OV KEPRESENTATIVKS.
Thursday, March 28. The house went into a
committee of tlie whole on the tariff. K was
agreed to admit maps, charts and drawings free of
d'uty — in like manner to admit chemical apparatus
when imported/or incorporated societies, (iold and
silver bullion v/ere added to the list of free articles.
A great variety of amendments were offered, not
neccssurv to notice at present, and iinaHy the com-
mittee rose and reported the bil1. t-o the house as
amended, with which the house concurred, and it
was ordered to be engrossed for a third, reading.
J-'riilti':, ,\Lirc!i 29. The house was chiefly occu-
pied thiii day on two bills for admitting the Indiana
and Mis.si;is>ippi territories into the union on the
•footing oi' the original states— both were agreed to
and ordered iu oe, engrossed for a third reading.
Saturday, JLr.-ch 2U. Much minor business was
done. Tiie bills to admit the Indiana and Missi.
into the- union, wjgTe pi
tlie lonner, ays 103, noes 3— those who voted in tb-
negutive were Messrs. Gold.sboroiup'i, Le\vis and
Randolph— for the latter, 80 against 50.
Monday, April 1. A considerable debate took
place on what is technically called "the compensa-
tion bill," chiefly on tlic'manner of drawing the
compensation by the members according to their
services, a very necessary consideration both in
congress and o;i' c,f it ; it being a clear case, that
every servant of the nation should be rewarded in
p ••:;;jo--tion to his services. In the bill muking ap-
propriations for the year 1816, SOO.UW dollar, were
inserted for carrying on the great and very necessa-
ry road from Cumberland to the Ohio. It ^us op-
posed by Mr. Gaston, and ably supported by Messrs.
Smit!), Clay, Randolp'n, & c. and iin:*lly agreed to.—
Mr. joiinson, of Kentucky, then moved to insert
15,000 dollars to pay the owners of certain vessels
sunk m the harbor of Baltimore, in order to defend
thai, ci'y against tiie enemy in the memorable month
of Sep. ember, 1814. After Mr. Smith had stated
the urgent necessity of die measure, this appropria-
tion was also agreed to.
'J'ucaday, ..0/»H 9. After the rcrpption and re-
ference of sundry petitions amongst which was one
presented by Mr. Pickering', from certain merchants
>f.S.i;em and Marbiehead, engaged in the India
trade, praying renef from the ruin which impends
over i heir trade from the adoption of the proposed
uriil'on imports.
After other business, theliouse proceeded to con-
Kl.r tjjc avneaidinents of the senate to the bill in.
ddhioji to the aci; for regulating the post office de-
punment, and arriving at that amendment of the
senate which struck out the 3d section of the bill,
wiiicii section granted to the members of both
houses and their secretary and clerks, the privilege
of franking during the recess as well as during the
session.
Messrs. Randolph, Webster, Reynolds, Wright
and Grosvenor spoke against a concurrence with the
Senate, and Messrs. Cuthbert and Jackson in favor
of it — ufter which the question was decided in favor
of concurring- with the senate, as follows :
YEAS— Messrs. AJgate, Aiexaiuler, Archer, Atherton, Baker,
Barbour, Kasst-tt, Rennet, Bms, Biadbury, Brooks, Bnrmide, Cahl-
wi/ll, Cill. y, Comstoek, Coiuicr, Crav.u.ni, (.•.rnirbton, Crocheren,
Cuthbert, Darlington, Davenport, Deslui, Kdwards, i'orney, Foi-
s> tli, Gold, Goldsoon.ugb, Griffin, Halm, H.ile, Hall, Hut-din, i IUM ,-s,
H-ister, Herbert, Hungn-fji-d, Jewim, .lobnson, Va. Kent, Kerr, Va.
Laugflou, Luiupkni, Lyle, Maelay, M'Coy, M'Lran, K. Milnor,
XtiM.ii.Mass. Nelson, Va. Ormsby, Pariv, Pit-kens, Pickering, Fiiior,
Pitlon, PL-asauts, Rcwl, lioan;', K(,(,r, Ross, Savage, Smith, Va.
Southard, Stanford, Stearns, Taiil, Tflfair, 'I'Jiroojj, Townscnd,
Wallace, Wai-U, N. Y Wtndover, Whearon, WIntcsuIe, Wilcox,
Wilde, Witlougtobjr.Wre. Wilson, Woodward-80.
NAYS— Messrs. Bai;r. Boss, Breckenridgr, Brown, Colhonji,
Cbumpion, Cbapntll, Clark, N. C. Clc:.')enniu, Culpt-nper, Oaston,
Grosvenor, Hammond, Htndtrson, Hopkinson, HuHwrt, Ingliam,
Jackson, Johnson, Ky. Kiug. N. C. Lnw. Lewis, Lox-tt, Lowndes,
L>on, Marsh, Mason, Majrant, M'Kec, Middleton, Moore, Mosely,
Newton, 1'ii.knuy, r.iwill, KTnIdoJpli, Reynolds Hii^Jt-s,Sar>rfan(,
Scbt-nck, Shai-pt-, Siurgts, Taggart, Tata, VOSL-, Webster, Wilkin,
Tbos. Wilson, U'rigbt, \'ancey, Yates— 51.
An engrossed bill to increase the pensions of
certain invalid pensioners ; the engrossed bill to
continue the salaries ot certain officers of govern-
ment ; the engrossed bill making appropriations for
the military establishment for the year 1816; and
the engrossed bill making appropriations for the
support of the nav.y for the year 1816; were several-
ly read the third time, passed and sent to the senate.
On motion of Mr. J^o-wmlcs, the house proceeded
to consider the report of the committee of the whole
house on the bill to regulate the duties on imports.
The question on agreeing to the amendment of
the committee to reduce the duty on unmdmifactur*
ad wool, from 15 to 7£ per cent, ad valorem, being
put,
My. Jfyot opposed, tlie amendment., and
KILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— COXGRESS.
95
,Vils so
-uit to encourage the domesuc in-
honed tiie house would not agree U
reported by the committee; and
the yeas and nays on the question,
i'he amendment was then agreed to by yeasai
,;ivs, as foiUnvs:
Mr. Forsyih then moved to strike out the
of the amendment adopted by the committee u
graduate tiie duty on imported colons (by laymj
a duty of 30 per cent, for two years from tne oUu
of June, of '25 per cenc. for two years thereaher
and then of %0 per cent.) except the last namec
sum— in other words, to' reduce the duty on cut
tons to 2'J P-" .June next.
This motion involving the degree of protects
proper to be afforded to domestic manufactures,
Mr. Gaston rose and delivered his opinion in op
position to the policy of burihening the commur,
ty .jy an extravagant duty on imports, tor the pin
jyose of encouraging domestic manufacture.-;. M
G. spoke about ;.n hour.
Mr. Cuikberi fjilowed on the same side ot Hi
question, in a speech of about the same lengtl
"When
The question was decided m tue negative, a
\RA*-Messn. Arclwr, Ban-. Harbour, Bassctt, Br-«k«jrii.tj
Brvaa Caldw I!, Clj-.u.pio,,, 'ill y. Clark-, N. C. Ciayton, , tulpe
peTcutbhert, Boards, F,>rr*y, ForsyU., tiasiou, GolOsboi-oiifi
Hal -, Hull. H-i-Ui .-. iH-i.t.T, Hr:u!erso... Herbert, Huger.Hanj
ford .K'Wttr. Johnson, V:..K.',-r, \a. L.-.vis, Lov- , Lovett, Luwu<
LvSi McCoy, Me !v;-,>, Miduk-ion, Mapr rft«e»N**
Ms. Nets;, Pickem, Pn-kmi «. Plants, Haiidolp
Roaor, Koot, Ro.s, Smith Va. Stanford, Stcai'as, Sturge*, Ta
Taylor b'. C. Telfair, Thomas, Vuse, Ward Ms. \Viko.x, \Yilt
\Vwodward, Wright, Yaueey.— 65.
N 4YS-M»jsrl Adgate, Ah xaiid.r. AtluTton, Bateman, Ba
u I'.-it> Jiirdsali, Boss, Brooks. Calhouh, Chappe
CUOIMW*, iWi.ir-i.Creightoi,, Cruchwon, Darlington, ."-
port, Desba GoU, Griffin, Hiuiu. Hammond, HH***^, Hopi
Mawn.Vafralitl McLean Ky. Mimor, VVioii, Or«isby, Parris,
Viul'uey, Pi|»T. Pit kin, Powell, R?ed, Reynolds, Kuggkf, »ar.
e.a.'t ftava-- V-(v-ncii, Sharps, Sinid) of MJ. Soutbanl, Taggart
Taul Ttn-ooi? Towuseiid, Wallace, Ward N \ Ward N. J. \Vtl).
M' •', Wemiov =-r, \Vbeaton, Whittsidt, Wilkiu, Willougiiby, Tiios_
Wilson, W.u. Wiison, Vai-s -M.
Mr. /f rjV/;.* then, afler declaring- his belief that
"many members nad voted on the question, who,
from being- interested in its decision, were of ri^hi
excluded'bv a rule of the house, submitted a reso-
lution to reject the votes of those members inte-
.1 in any maimtV«ctory of cotton.
Before the question was put oa this resolution; a
motion was made to adjourn, and carried; and
The house adjourned.
Wednesday April 3. The house then took up the
unfinished business of yesterday — being the bill to
regulate the duties on imports — Mr. WnghCs mo-
tion to exclude from vo'ing- ;di members concerned
in manufacturing, beinp; slill under consideration
M>; Snath of Md. expressed his regret that IVK
hadofFered the resolution, and made one
• two remarks on its impropriety; after which
The resolution was withdrawn by the mover; and
The question then recurred on Mr. Forsijth'smc,-
_on so to amend the amendment of the committee
espesting the duty on imported cottons, as to sub-
utiite a duty thereon of twenty ntr cent, ad valorem,
•orn tli e 30th June next.
Mr. JJardin moved still further to amend the ori-
inul motion by making the duty twenty-Jive per
ent. for two years after J*me, and ttventi, per cent,
fter; which Mr W right accepted as a roodin-
a ion uf his motion.
After debate— The question on Mr. Hardin's mo-
ion was decided in the affirmative as follows:
YEAS— Mfssi-s.' Archer, Athertun, Baer, Barbour, Basse-It, Brad,
ury Bretkt-uridtf. Bun.^iie, Ch- , noi-.n, Chauptll, Ci!l<-y. Ci«rk«-
f. C. Clayton, Cul|>opprr, Cut! t, Edwards, Forney, Ft»fsjtb,
iaston, Goldsliovough, Goodwy:,, ^i-o.^vr-iio:-. Halt, liall, Hui-iou,
I.ir.'lin, Hawrs, HristtT, Hciidti.son, Herh; rt, Hppkinson, Huger,
Hinin-erlbrd, Jf.vitt, Jjlmson. Va. Kent, K-rr, Va. King, NT. C.
Laiigdou, L>.\v, L;--wis, Love, Luv^-tt, Lowndes, Lunopkiu, Lyon,
M'Coy. M'Kc e.Middl-toii, Moore, Mosely, Nelson, Mass. Nelson, Va.
Voyes, Pickeus, Picktring. Pir.l;ii'.-y. PL-as^.its, Randolph, K^<!,
Koa-ie, Hoot, Hoss, RnS?l-s, Sht-vft-y, Smith, Md. Smith, Va.
iuan^s, Stuart. Sturges*, Taggart, Tait, laylor, S. C. leltair,
fhoinus. \\yse, Ward, Mass. V/eb»ter, VW»itc«iae, Wileox, \Vilde,
Woodward, Wright, Yanct > — 84.
NAYS— Mt ssr.. Adfr;Hij, A|. xaitdt-1% Baker. Bateman, Bayhes, Bei»-
iett,B tts, BirdsaH, Boss, Brooks, Calhoun, Chipnian, Cknulenniu,
Cotustock, Coiiufi-. Crawford, Cnigtoii, Croch^ron, Darlington, Da-
Dt-sha. Glasgow, Gold, Griffin, H «.hn, Hulbert, Iiigliai",
i'ltroop, Ti
u, Vfilkin, W'ill'iughby, Wiu. Wlison, Yates-60.
Odier propositions being1 disposed of — the ques-
tion recurred on agreeing- with tiie committee of
tiie whole house in their amendment, as amended
by Mr. Hardin's motion.
' Debate being- had thereon —
Mr. Mason again advocated a high duty, and
moved to strike out the limitation of two years to
the 25 per cent, and insert four years. This mo-
tion was negatived — ayes 67, noes 72.
Mr. Smith of Md. then proposed to make the li-
mit of the 25 per cent, duty three years, Instead of
This motion was carried — ayes* 79, noes 71, and
Then the amendment of the committee of the
whole, as amended, ('25 per cent, for three years
and 20 pea* cent, thereafter) was agreed to by a large
majority.
Tiie house then proceeded with the remaining
amendments of the committee of the whole.
On the question of agreeing with the committee
on reducing- the duty on imported iron from 75 to
15 cents per cwt. Mi*. Murnxide demanded the yeu.s
lays, and the amendment was concurred in —
For the amendment : :. 89
Against it : : : 51
The house disagreed to the amendment respect-
ig- lead, dry or ground in oil, ike. and restored the-
duty to three cents per ib.
Mr. Stearns moved that the amendment of the
committee which reduced the duty on brown suga?
to 3j cents per lo. be amended, by further reduc--
;ng tiie duty to two cents per Ib. This motion was
decided by yeas and nays, in tiie affirmative, as fol-i
Lows:
For the amendment : : 86
Agahist it : ; : : 56
And the amendment of the committee, as amerfXr-
ed, was agreed to without a division.
Tiie duty on lump sugv.r, on motion of Mr. $nufh,
of Vkl. was then reduced to 1'J cents per Ib. ft-
stead of 12} as reported by the c*m.uuUee of t!T^
NILES' WEEKLY RKGIStER— SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 1816.
The bouse disagreed to the amendment of the
committee in the duty on wine, and restored it to
one dollar per gallon on London particular Madei-
ra, and 80 cents per gallon on all other Madeira.
A motion was made by Mr. Pickering so to amend
trie proviso adopted bv the committee respecting1
India cottons, as to admit all importations from
India within one year afier the 30th of June next,
on their paying 25 per cent, on the cost of the goods
in India, with the addition of the usual 20 per cent
— in other words, to reduce the amount to the old
double duty, and advocated his motion in a speech
of considerable length. The house arose without
n decision. /
T/iursdny, Jlpri.1 4. The amendments of the s'e-
nate to the bank bill were ordered to be printed, and
a consideration of them postponed until to-morrow
—60 1.0 55. There seems very little doubt but that
they \vill be agreed to.
M;\ Picke.i.uTV motion was modified and agreed
to respecting the import of cottons from India, in
7-egard to vessels which shall have sailed before the
1st of February last1, and shall arrive before the 1st
of March 1817". Many other modifications were
proposed to the tariiF, but nothing- important agreed
CHROiNICLE.
JVciv Hampshire. L-'itest return — for governor,
Mr Plum<:r 19,332; Mr. Sheafe 16,772. Plumer's
majority is expected to rise to 3000. The senate
Wiii probably stand 9 rep. 3 fed. There will be a
rep. m:ij. in the house of representatives of more
than 20. The council is three rep. and two fed. —
So that every branch of the government is deci-
sively republican. ,
Desertion. Many British seamen deserted from
the Niger frigate at Annapolis.
The Carthiigenian privateers have an asylum at
jVux Cayes and other ports of St. Domingo, and arc
Carrying on a brisk business against the Spaniards.
,it is said that a very considerable expedition is fit-
tin<!' out by the fugitives from Carthagena.
'hie public offices, at Washington, we understand
are completely repaired, and more convenient than
they were before that city was visited by a Gothic
enemy.
SIKKHA-LEOXE. There is a report that a large body
of blacks from the country had attacked Sierra-
Lcone, andhuvii\:r >'~cn jc^ncd by the black troops
stationed the;v, had. succeeded in destroying the
That by the constitution and V.vws of the United
States exclusive jurisdiction in art cnses affecting
consuls is vested 'in courts of the United States."--
The chief justice pronounced a masterly opinion,
embracing a learned argument.
Injustice to Mr. Kosloff, it is observed tha>. «],e
was willing to meet the charge in any court havntr
jurisdiction, and could establish his innocence IK,
yond all manner of question," and that the chief
justice has also said, "that the evidence was not
sufficient to convict Mr. KoslofK" [He was accused
of a rape.] — Col.
THE BRITISH AGHict*r.TrnALisTS. Mr. Cobbet, in
a letter addressed to the chancellor of the exche-
quer, speaking on the proposed, partial, reduction,
of the property tax, has the following paragraph:
" The reduction of the property tax, supposing
it to extend to all lands, is nothing. It will not save
one single farmer one single day from jail. It has
been stated in all the reports of evidence, taken be-
fore the house of parliament, that the farmer, with
the present taxes, cannot live, if wheat be less than
80*. a quarter, barley than 40s. oats than 30s. Wheat
is now at 55s. barley at 28*. oats at 24s. A quarter
of each put together at tluj former price make 150s.
Now, suppose a farmer to crow a hundred quarters
of each, he sells for 215/. less than a LIVING price.
Win
! the
out a bundle of hammocks to lighten a sinking1
ship."
He says— "They (the farmers and landlords) ne-
ver imagined, that, while the taxes were 70 millions
a year, their wheat would sell at 6s. a bushel.'*
The fact is, it appears impossible that the present
taxes in Britain can be paid, and it seems equally
impossible to reduce them, without doing some-
thing that will amount nearly to a revolution, tc»
shake off the leeches, ecclesiastical, civil and milita-
ry, thattjave fastened themselves on the laboring
classes of the people.
:<tcu, ne sens lor 4,1,31.. less uiaii a. iJi v ju*u jj» iv«-»
.at, then, signifies your taking 10 or 15/. off iu
article of the property tax ? It is like throwing
The Russian minister gave a splendid supper and
ball on the 25th ult. in honor of Alexander's ascen-
tion to the throne, at Philadelphia.
EXTENSIVE MIX* OF ARSEXIC. New- York, MarcTi
29. A few days ago Mr. Wood brought to the pro-
Columbia College, for
. .
fessor of Natural History
examination, a parcel of large mineral specimens,
wliich on examination were found to be an ore of
arsenic. It is uncommonly fine and rich. The sto-
ry told of it is, that the vein is several rods wide
and several miles long1. It is situated in the town
place, and had murdered nearly all the white in- of Warwick, Orange county, New- York, and will
habitants, together with several British officers. ' probably aff
NASSAU. We have .in account of a second re-
volt among the U'rat India troops at Nassau, who
rose upon their officers and nearly strangled col.
Murray, and were in possession of the arsenal and
magazine, threatening to destroy the place if any
of their number were punished for the former mu-
tiny.
The steam-boat Etna performed her voyage from
the falls of the Ohio to New-Orleans in fifteen days
— distance 1300 miles.
Law Intelligence. — The grand jury of Philadelphia
having found an indictment against Nicholas Kosloft,
Russian consul-general, a motion A,Vas made to quash
the indictment for want of jurisdiction in a state
court. The chief justice and jvi<tge Brnckenridge
concurred in quashing the indictment on the laat
of the two grounds assigned, 1st. "That ti:
vileges of immunity from criminal prosecuiu
afford a more copious supply of that im-
portant article than the mines of Saxony. The sam-
ples are deposited in the mineralogical cabinet of
the college, in Barclay-street.
Died, at Oneida castle, Rchenandoh, the Indian
chief, aged 113 years. Many years ago, it was agreed
that he. should be buried by the side of the rev,
Mr. Kirkland. Some time before his death he call-
ed the tribe together and enjoined upon them the
fulfilment of this agreement. His directions were
sacredly observed, and his remains were deposited
by the side of that venerated gentleman; who, in.
his life, was the friend of man, without reference,
to the distinctions which exist in this world.
Plaister of Paris, a valuable bed, has been disco-
vered in Elsworth, Trumbull county, Ohio.
A monument has been erected at Portland by tbe
young men of that place, to the memory of lieut.
Waters, of the Enterprise, who died of a wound, in
conferred on consuls by the law of nations. 20d. jthe action, With the Boxer.
PHILS' WKRKLY REGI8TES?.
No. 7 <»F VOL. X.l 4 VI,TTMf)!tK, S\TU!H).\V, \P11IL 13 1816. [W.IOT.B so. 241.
Hate olim meminisse juvabit. — Vinnn.
PTUVTKTI AMI PUBMSUBI) BY H. NU.ES, AT THK HEAT) OF CHK APSMIK, AT §5 PER
We have 0:1 hand several laborious and (as we
•esteem them) useful and interesting articles in ma-
nuscript. By the aid of a Supplement, which \ve
expect to publish next week, some of them may he
disposed of without interfering- with or excluding1
the current mutter of these busy political times.
THE SUPPLEMENT TOTHE 9TH VOLUME
Has been forwarded, we believe, to all whose orders
for it have been received, except to such as are
Accustomed to get them by water conveyances, to
whom no opportunity for sending it shall be lost.
This supplement contains a great volume of arti
tides, conpressed into a very small space, some of
"the chief of which arc: — The debate on the treaty
question, in the house of representatives; a journal
of events at Paris, from the Richmond Enquirer, at
a most interesting- period, with many important
foreign state papers and f^cts belonging- to the late
mighty turnings and overturnings in Europe, with
a particular detail of things belonging- to Napoleon
Bonaparte; Mr. Cobbett's five letters to lord Sheffield
on American affairs; Mine neglected domestic do-
cuments and many hitherto omitted incidents of va-
rious character; the ceremony of laying the corner
ctone of the battle monument at Baltimore; biogra-
phical sketches of several distinguished characters;
a very extensive collection of national poetry pro-
duced by the late war; some important law cases;
accounts of the battles of Mrskwa and Waterloo;
the memorial of certain citizens of New-York re-
specting- the grand canal; the report to the legisla-
ture of Virginia on roads and canals, 8cc. report to
the same on banks; report to the legislature of No; th
Carolina on internal improvements, with other ar-
ticles "too tedious to mention" — the whole present-
ing a solid mass of the useful with the pleasing-,
that, I believe, is as well worth one dollar (the price
of the 12 sheets) as any bank note circulating-. A
•few copies are yet to be disposed of.
Letters to the Editor.
ft is pleasant to believe we have endeavored to
deserve the praise of the good; and honest to con-
fess that we do not receive it with insensibility —
trusting, however, that we may have light enough
to keep its effects in due bounds, and rather be
provoked to greater industry and zeal than puff-
ed with vanity and pride. The singular circum*
stance of receiving, among other letters, those
from which extracts are given below, in o?ie dan,
iias induced us to think we may notice them
"without demeaning- ourselves in the public esti-
mation— a property, if so it may be called, that
we esteem most dear. We have not trespassed
much in this -way.
" United States' ship , March 1816.
"Enclosed is a note for h've dollars, in advance,
ff>r the ensuing year of the WEEKLY REGISTER. I
trust that all your subscribers, while paying so small
a price for so valuable a chronicle, may feel— au I
do — a sentiment of gratitude, accompanied with a
sincere wish for your permanent welfare."
"New-Jersey, March 1816.
^Herewith is transmitted SJ10 in payment for tiie
•
last and current year of the llegistcr. Vour mind
may reasonably suggest the propriety of a More
prompt attention to tiiis mutter. My feelr.i^s ;-;o
before it to acknowledge the justice, and con-^e-
quently the obligation of your claim to p'nc'u L i'.v
in every subscriber. Permit me to arid, t!-.at ':>y
expectations of your work have not only bi\
swered, but greatly exceeded. If a faithful :nxl
able execution, on your part, can give additional
obligation to the voluntary engagements of your
subscribers to pay for the RfcGrsTKB, there are ffv
that can get over the moral duty of paying- yovir dues
in their season."
"Georgia, Feb. 1816.
Having- changed my resider.ee, please to direct
the REGISTER to this place You will consider me
a subscriber to every publication that comes from
your press. Tt will be no flattery to say that my
political ideas have been formed from your work,
and I am not willing to give up such a faithful moni-
tor. That respect for your principles which 1 so
long felt at A. , I pray you to believe will not at
S be extinguished from the breast of" . &c.
uJTeritucky, March 1816-
"A subscriber to your admirable Rgois TKR f -urn
the commencement to the present, and ever de-
lighted with the lofty tone of national dignity, free
from the vulgar bickerings of partv, maintained in
it with such honorable ability, it was with no cot.1*
mon sensations of pleasure that I received your po-
lite favor. I will cheerfully contribute the. best
exertions to promote the circulation of your invalu-
able repository of public documents, with the :,u-
tory of our glorious republic."
"3d month, 1816.
"I have duly received thy favor of the 17th ult»
[ am overpaid by thy approbation. I am disposed to
think that no periodical work in our country is more
valuable than thine: it certainly holds a distinguish-
ed place in the roils of fame. I can say of thee, as
anodier has said of me — "Laitdari laudato vivo co:>
eys the utmost gratification and is the best reward
for the effort to be useful."
The following1 was received on the subsequent
dav — Vermont — March, 1816
«' Herewith you will receive gj2j. Should your
work not continue so long us to absorb it (and from
present appearances I have but little fears on that
iubject) you can refund such balance as may be due
ne. I ardently wish you every possible success in
your patriotic exertions."
[This gentleman had previously paid up his bills
to the 1st of March, 1816, and his £>20 goes for
•'our years in advance.]
Money, Banks, &c.
That a capital error has been committed by the
egislatures of some of tke states, and by many com-
binations of individuals in others, in the multipli-
cation of banking institutions, is now too manifest
to bear an argument. The increase of po.nila.ioii
may have required some of these establishments at
certain places, but the great majority of the; i.
prove ruinous to the neighborhoods where the-
ocuted. Many of o^1 be-st and taoot iaUi%e.ul' -,i^
98
FILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APIilL 13, 1316.
xens opposed the prevailing mania to the utmost of
their power and influence; but wisdom was over-
whelmed by the torrent of folly, and we must lejwn
truth in the bilter school of experience.
7'/r evil euista — we all see it, many feel it, and
there are few that will be insensible of it a little
while hence. "When your head is in the lion's
juouth get it out us softly as you can:" do not ex-
tend the danger or increase the injury by violence,
in attempting to rc.nedy it. The work of reforma-
tion, if s;ifeV,nd effectual, must be gradual.
The commercial mind is exceedingly alarmed at
tjie prospect before it. The embargo or the war,
vith all its train of real and imaginary distress, was
nothing io what is anticipated now, from the neces-
sity apparently existing-, that the banks should sud-
denly withdraw their accommodations to meet forc-
ed requisitions of specie; at a time too when foreign
4 /ade is so much against us.
The engagements of dealing men, in general, of
every class and character, are much weightier at
this time than at any former period. It may safely
be said, 1 believe, that our imports have exceeded
our exports by at least one hundred millions of dol-
li.-s for the last year; this excess, with the duties,&c.
accruing on the goods here, essentially depends on
credits and accommodations. Can theiJC credits and
accommodations be withdrawn at once, to a much
Ies3 amount than what they were before the war,
when our exports balanced or exceeded our imports?
But so they must be withdrawn, if specie payments
befvrceil, as lias been resolved in I'irginut and pro-
bably v. ill be by the general government; for the
bill reported by Mr. Ctfclhoun, founded upon the let-
ter from the secretary of the treasury (see these ar-
ticles, pages 1-J5 and 110) is expected to pass. In
^ jrginia, 'we are told, th:u. the pressure ia already
excessive, and that no little discontent at the law
for this purpose, as well as for suppressing the cir-
culation of the notes of the new banks, is excited;
and the alarm is spreading1 through the rest of the
states. If one half of the evil that is anticipated by
intelligent gentlemen be felt, we shall have "such
times" as the present generation has never seen.
Jtloney, that is, negoeiable money, at every seat of a
bank, new or old, chartered or unchcirU-red, is be-
coming very .scarce, uncl must become more and
naore difiicult to get, if the directors of those insti-
tutions be honest men, determined to honor their
engagements,
I am not prepared to lay down a plan that would
please even myself, and it seems wrong to repre-
hend a ineasme v.ithcut offering something in lieu
of it. A fjji/liii ap.d Ciiarybdis lies in our path, and
vi:;er head.-; and greater experience than 1 have,
must guide 'is tlmi-gli. The public safety apptui'*
equally interested m a curtailment of the is:stie of
bank p.-.per, as in a reasonable circulation of it. It
is so interwoven with every man's business, that
we cannot dispense with it; yet. there is too much
of it. To reform without destroying is one of the
most difficult and serious matters, in my opinion,
that has ever presented itself 1o the American
stutesmun. Specie payments should and must be
xesirned — i:m, tvfmn and /w\v?
Many of the banks have certainly began their
preparations for specie payments tlat the -wrong end.'"
Jbuch as hold public slocks ought long since to
have sold them (which they might have done to
great profit) instead of drawing iu their discounts
Of refusing the usual facilities to those who want
ta'ein worse now than at any former period. But
the directors have been over-covetous of dividends
>— they wished to mafce an i&tere»t on the- capital
(the stock being so considered) as well as on the
discounts they eifected upon it; and some banks
ave divided (or hold in reserve) from 10 to as high
15 per cent, for the last year. Tins is unreasonable
and ought not to .be permitted. — —They slujvld
liave commenced the very important business of
drawing in their paper by disposing of their stock,
instead of suddenly and extensively curtailing their
discounts. They have great cause to tl.mik the
people for the long forbearance extended to them
in not enforcing specie payments, and may safely
rely on the same good dispositions for whatever
they can reasonably require, so far as our citizens
are able to meet their necessities. But they ou^ht to
recollect that any man has just as good a right to
insist that they shall take a nato note for an old one
us they themselves have; and that if individuals
be oppressed without cause, or in an unreasonable
manner, they should and will i-esist and retaliate
it. If the solid banks, and there are many such,
were to come to a common understanding to dis-
pose of their stock as rapidly as the procedure can
be carried on without depreciating it, and at the
same time moderately draw in their accommoda-
tions, it is thought they might, with considerable
promptitude, pay each other and individuals in
general, the debts which they owe, in a satisfactory
manner. But the bill before congress seems to have
but little of moderation in it; and, to its own pro-
per evils, will be superadded the momentary stag-
nation that will be brought about by the national
bank, which is now a law, having been signed by
the president.
On the policy of the banks disposing of tkcir
stock, Mr. Carey, of Philadelphia, has addressed
some very nervous and excellent letters to the di-
rectors of such institutions in that city, which Ihope
may have the desired effect. They ought to be at-
tentively read and considered by all immediately
interested in establishments so situated. The pres-
sure will be most severely felt in the middle states;
— those to the eastward nominally pay specie for
their bills — I say nominally, because they have but
very few bills in circulation, the exchange in their
favor having drawn to them the great body of trea-
sury notes, with which they satisfy the claims of the
United States for duties and taxes — but when these
notes are exhausted, what will they do? They will be
quite as bud ort'as we shall be, if Mr. Calhoun's bill
is passed. The southern states will be the least
affected by the measure on account of the demand
for their staple commodities; and they owe but
little, comparatively, for goods imported or duties-
upon tli em.
The subject is too important to be satisfied by a
running article like the preceding, and 1 feel incom-
petent to that full exposition of it which its im-
portance deserves; but these hasty remarks may have
some tendency to put others to'thinking who have
greater power to investigate and influence to con-
trol, causes and effects.
Agriculture, Commerce &. Manufactures.
From the Democratic Press. — These three arc the
main springs of the public wealth, and the antidote*
to the vices that arise from idleness : And the
greatest of these three is .Agriculture. She indeed
is the teeming mother of commerce and manufac-
tures.
Foreign trade procures various and beneficial
markets for the vast surphw of our agricultural
productions, and for the increasing surplus of our
manufactured goods. Commerce also furnishes us
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— ^HE HOME MARKET.
with abundant and cheap supplies of foreign goods, (subject, we beg leave to call the attention of po-
The greatest year of exports has not quite risen to ilitical economists to a branch of agriculture, which
fifty millions "of American productions and manu-
factures. Foreign goods have been exported, in a
single year, to the amount of sixty millions of dol-
lar.?. This cannot be exported again, in any time
of peace : perhaps never more, even in war.
Our exports, then, cannot amount to 110 millions
of dollars, in the current year. It is now however
a well examined and well supported fact, that for a
number of years of war and peace our manufactures
have exceeded in value the whole amount of our
exports of foreign and domestic produce and manu-
factures. They will probably be in the year 1816,
more than double the value of all our exports in
tins year. Since our manufactures exceeded one
hundred and seventy Uvo millions of dollars (*) in
1810, a year of peace, and were computed at
266,000,000 dollars in 1813, we cannot doubt that
they will be dmible the value of all our ex-
ports, which will not in this year probably exceed
$60,000,000 or 70,000,000 dollars.
-Manufactures then, as well as agriculture
and
Commerce, merits the prudent and candid investiga-
tion and consideration of the federal legislature.
Their subserviency to the public defence, their
employment of women, children, machinery, cattle,
fire, fuel, steam, water, and even wind, instead of
oar ploughmen and male laborers, is a very material
~Wii,nufucinrin,if business employs all the for-
lias, indeed, already been attempted in the United
States, but on too small a scale to produce advan-
tages of any extent or importance. We allude to
the culture of the Vine.
That the climate and soil of certain pai-ts of the
union, and, in particular, the climate and soil of
Virginia, are happily adapted to that species of
culture, many circumstances establish beyond,
doubt. Without speaking of other essays of the
kind, we will remind our readers of what we laid
before them ft few months since, in regard to the
Swiss vignerons at New Vevay, on the banks of the
Ohio. Many persons in Virginia are in the habit
of gathering, in the proper season, the grapes of
the wild vines which spontaneously groV in our
vast forests, and make out of those grapes delight-
ful wine. A gentleman of high respectability in
our state, has told us, that a friend, of his, whore-
sides also in Virginia, somewhere near the south-
Jem banks- of the Potomac, once sent him a present
of a few dozen bottles of a wine, made by himself,
out of the spontaneous produce of the vines OH
his own estate. That wine resembled the Burgun-
dy in taste and quality. The gentleman in question
is an excellent judge of wines, having travelled
through Europe, and resided several years in HJ -*
ris. Not willing, however, to rely on 'his own dis-
cernment only, he caused six bottles of that wine,
instead of laboring men, while the mechanical and as many bottles of real Burgundy, to be
ed up at his table, in the city of Washington,
where he then chiefly lived, to a company consist-
ing mostly of European gentlemen, of diplomatic
rank, and all of them excellent s-aunnetH. Thf;
whole was announced as two varieties of Burgun-
dy wine — and the opinion of the company request-
ed, as to the quality, ike. of each. The preference
was unanimously given to the American wine. We
might cite a few other cases nearly parallel. AH
this clearly evinces the practicability of extensive-
ly and advantageously introducing, in Virginia, the
culture of the vine. If native grapes, receiving- no
attention, no aid, no improvement from thehaMof
industry and skill, can yield such results— what
may not be expected from the fruit of choice vines,
planted and cultivated, under the superintemlaiico
of able and persevering vignerons? We invite th«
attention of our capitalists to this important object,
If, as every thing seems to prognosticate, a stag-
nation of foreign commerce be inevitable, why not
venture on thid now branch of enterprise and im-
provement? The state where the culture of the vine
will first be in, reduced, must obtain over the otht_r-
states incalculable advantages. For a i'j.v yeai/;
af.er the vine begins to produce, the grapes are not,
indeed, perfect— but they are extremely useful for
u;e fabrication of brandies. Soon a sufficient qu*u
iiy of wine could be raised, not only for home con
sumption, but for exportation to othe'r parti of Ame-
rica. Her.ce, not only our dependence on foreign
markets would be lessened, and the balance of
We concluded, in yesterday's Compiler, the re- trade be made to incline in our favor, but the nun.-
publication of an able and most valuable essay, tVom i general use of wine substituted, for that of spiri-
the pen of Mr. Niles, editor of the Weekly Regis- tuoujj liqucus, the pernicious effects of which are
branches of business take many strong working men
from agriculture. Yet no cue doubts, that the
house and ship carpenters, bricklayers, masons,
millwrights and other mechanics, arc an invaluable
and necessary body of citizens, without whom we
could not prosper. Above 81,000 looms in North
Carolina and Virginia in ihe year 1810 (f) proves
that the southern, as well as the middle and north-
ern states partake largely and steadily in manu-
factures. The manufacture of liquors (|) was
worth in the same year sixteen millions and one
half of dollars, ::PU consuming more grain than we
export is the principal cause that we support such
generous paces for grain and flour. Oru- manufac-
tures of leather ;-.re undoubtedly worth 25 millions
of dollars per unmim, ::nd those of iron 20,000,000.
On'.- ^ome»nij.de goods, computed by the yard, were
I nearly 42 millions of dollars, in the short
estimate of 1810, "before the effect of the war, and
at the old unties of 1800 to 1810.
Such. fLcts will doubtless receive due estimation.
The Home Market.
The following very interesting article on the
cultivation of the VIXE, is from the pen of that
sound patriot and elegant scholar, Mr. Girardi-n,
one of the editors of the "Richmond Compiler"
in which it originally appeared.
THE VINE.
pen (
ter, on the necessity of a HOME-MARKET, and the
means of creating such a market. Among other
promising measures, Mr. Niles very judiciously re-
commends a greater activity and extension of agri-
-yiltural pursuits. In relation to this part of tl.c
*See Coxe's statement, page 38, part 3.
|See Coxe's statement,. page 6, part 3, an:
page
well known. The comparatively temperate habits
of the people, whose constant beverage is wine',
have struck all ob.-,erving travellers. Morality
then, would also gain by the introduction of lii'i*
new branch of agricultural industry. We do not
despair of shortly seeing the enterprise of our capi-
talists take that direction. If individuals do not
like tb embark alone in such essavs, comsajwies fflky'
:!y tbnne;] for the purpose'.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 13, 1816,
During the last session of assembly, when im
provement was the word, and a laudable spirit ani-
mated every breast, a French gentleman of our ac-
quaintance, well versed both in the theory and the
practic. of whatever relates to the culture of the
vine, ;.nd to the fabrication of wine, and wine bran-
dies, iu'd dr.iwn up a memorial to t'ue legislature of
Virginia, on this very subject. The lateness of the
hour, and the multiplicity' of important objects call-
ing for the attention of t'he fathers of the state, de-
ferred him from presenting it. AVe are truly sorn
that he did not. As we are fully aware of the ad-
vantages of the plan which he proposed, and deep-
ly convinced of its practicability, it Would have af-
forded us infinite satisfaction to see the beneficial
views of that gentleman reali/.ed, tinder the aus-
pices of a legislature, whose wisdom and liberality
vail long live in the remembrance of Virginians.
The Lakes with the Ocean !
The most suLlime and magnificent object of its kind
ever presented itself to an enlightened states
man. Js that of uniting our great inland seas with
the Atlantic, by means of a grand canal from lake
Erie to the waters of the Hudson. We are no!
stifiiciently conversant with the facts that bclom
to this giant scheme to judge its practicability,
or appreciate the means that may be afforded to
effect ih but from what we have seen and heard
\ve cannot but believe there is a prospect of com
•plete success; if the work be commenced on pro
per principles, after that careful examination
which its vast magnitude requires. There seems
a disposition in some u> suppose that political
views, as well as private considerations of inter-
est, may have led others to the support they have
given the project — perhaps, it is impossible that
the latter, at leas'-, should not have its influence
in a matter of so great moment; but we think that
diapi.ssionuu- -renHemen, really regarding the
country, and seriously looking
at t',.'c union or'tfit i \kc--s with the Atlantic us one
of the j.'Tundf'iu objects to promote it that ever
entered cite heari of man, ought to ascend far
above th- and investigate only the
pi-*; accomplishing the work, and its
i!i;[,()i'U=iioo \v), The following docu-
ments are interesting and entitled to a place in the
Jti'ti : •
. -,Vi;i!s' HKl'ORT ON" i'AV.U/P.
Tl.v legislature
tjf ihfc •' »-!tC oil} till.
rr-k'.^y, March 8.
Tu L!n 'td assaui'ti/ of the state
r:f JY'"y- Yf rL'.
The commissioner:; ^ppoimecl in and by an act to
provide for the improvement of the internal na-
/ !tT :
Thai, during tl-.e iate war, it was impracticable to
carry on ar.v further operations <o forward the ob-
i"Cis of their appointment, by pursuing the surveys
«ind levels heretofore commenced) with a view to
tin the: most, desirable route for the proposed
caiud from Like Erie to the tide waters of the Hud-
son river, jflefevj-iiig, ''here-fore, to their former rc-
P'jrus re;-pecii;ig the practicability of effecting this
important object, they will briefly add, that their
or-ir.ions have been cor.lirmed by reflection and acl-
di;ionul enquuies on the subject: and particularly
s itd. a:» respects tl,e cost, tJicy are satisfied that it
\r\\\ li'.it exceed the calculation they have already
subi Kted. It ijow remains for the legislature to
nrovid£ means to enable tl;c oommissioiicrs to en-
gage a competent professional engineer to examine
minutely the whole of the ground, and decide on the
most expedient route. Experience in similar opera-
tions in Europe has shown, that an error in regard to
this may cause the useless expenditure of vast sums
of money.
The surveys and levels which the commissioners
have caused to be taken, will have anticipated what
an engineer would direct as indispensable prepa-
ratory work, and will put information into his hands
which will enable him at once to take such a view
of the field of operation as to save much time and
expense.
These preparatory operations your commission-
ers therefore consider as essential 1o economy,
since they will, with but little time employed hi
traversing the ground by the person to whom the
work will be entrusted, enable him to fix on the.
precise route, on which the bes* judgment with the
best information would finally determine, will, less
danger of error than if he were left to enter on his
business an entire stranger to the facilities or diffi-
culties which the country presents. To select a
suitable person to perform this -most important p.irt
of the work will require the utmost caution and
deliberation.
• The same causes which suspended the duties of
the commissioners have been the principal obstacles
to the .selection and employment of a capable engi-
neer. There are few persons of this description id
Europe, and there is every inducement for prefer-
ring our own country men, if the requisite and sci-
entific and practical knowledge can be found.
From the number and respectability of the appli-
cations now before the legislatin-e,. in favor of an
immediate commencement and vigorous prosecution
of thus great national work, it is evident that the
immense advantages which would result from its
completion are duly appreciated by our fellow citi-
zens; and it now only remains for the legislature to
sanction, by their approval, an undertaking whicfe.
combines in one object the honor, interest and poli-
tical eminence of the state.
In a time of peace like the present the commis-
sioners have the mast undoubted assurance tha
a loan on the credit of the state can be obtain-
ed for a million of dollars, with which to com-
mence the work, and for as much more thereafter
y»s may be required at a rate of interest at, or tin-
dev six per cent. Fe nips, however, better means
may be devised. And they beg leave to remind the
legislature that the lands aireadv offered to them
by private individuals, near whose property the ca-
wd will pass,, are very valuable, and that further
iiinilai- donations may "be reasonably expected. If
it should be judged expedient to make the part
of the canal first which is best calculated to yield
an immediate and most profitable return for the
expense, the commissioners are of opinion that the
route from Rome to the Seneca river, will be the
most eligible, and would moreover have the most
'immediate tendency to divert the trade from pass-
ing down the Oswego river to lake Ontario and
Montreal; to permit which would be improvident-
ly to abandon to a foreign and rival nation, com-
mercial advantages which ages may not enable us
to reclaim. The difficulty of diverting the fixed
currents of trade is obvious and well known; and
he importance of the policy of directing that of tht,
western section of the state to the Hudson is equal-
y evident: and the commissioners conceive that
;he present moment, while this section of the state
s yet comparatively in its infancy, is most fi-vora-
ie for forming and establishing such cor.ncc
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTRR— GRAND CANAL.
101
between the lakes and our Atlantic waters, as will
effectually disappoint the views of our rivals, and
promote the honor and advantage of the state.
While the commissioners cannot express, in terms
sufficiently emphatic, their ideas of the incalcula-
ble benefits which will arise from a canal naviga-
tion between the great western lakes and the tide
waters of the Hudson, they fully appreciate the ad-
vantages of connecting- the waters of the Cham-
plain and the Hudson.
And they most respectfully represent to the le-
^isture, the expediency of adopting such prelimi-
nary measures as may be necessary for the accom-
plishment of this important object.
All Which is respectfully submitted.
S. VAX UHNSSELLJER.
I)E WITT CL1XTON.
SIMEOV DE WITT.
W, NOKTH.
THOMAS EDDY.
PETER B. PORTER.
CHARLES D. COOPER.
March, 1816.
is ASSEMBLY — March 21.
Report of the joint committee on, the subject of the
great cental.
The joint committee on tiiat part of his excellen-
cy the governor's speech, which relates to cajials
and roads, report:
That they have taken into consideration the nu-
merous petitions and memorials, from the cities and
counues, villages and ;owns, in this state which
evince on the part of the petitioners and memori-
alists, (amounting to several thousands in number)
great anxiety, that the improvement of the internal
navigation of the state, should engage the early at-
tention of the legislature; and that vigorous mea-
sures should be adopted for its early completion.
The committee have investigated the subject with
patience, care and attention; and have examined the
plans and surveys of the route, from the Hudson
the improvement is entirely practicable, aiulou:*!iv
to claim the early attention of the governr/icai. >-<r its
agents.
The means now at the disposal of the legisl:-
ind which the committee propose to appropriate for
those objects, are sufficient to commence, and suc-
cessfully prosecute, for several years, th'>,e im-
portant improvements; and they entertain a f.iii ^>d
perfect conviction, that the wisdom and putrio'ism
of future legislatures will foster and cherish the
under taking, and funxish such additional sources
of revenue as may be sufficient to complete the
said work?. These sources of revenue, as the bene-
fits to result from the navigation gradually unfold
themselves, will be found, in the opinion of the
committee, in the increased value of the real estate
ithin the great commercial cities, the towns and
villages, and generally, that part of the country in
the vicinity of w'lich'thc said canals shall pass.— -
The proportions in which each section of the coun-
try ought to contribute, to the completion of the
objects submitted to the consideration of your com-
mittee, depend on various considerations which
cannot, at this period, be so distinctly 'perceived
| as to enable the committee to do equal justice to
each part, but which, they persuade themselves,
will, in time, be disclosed so fully to the commis-
sioners to be appointed to superintend and com-
plete the works, as to enable,, on their recommen-
dation, future legislatures to raise the requisite
additional funds, on principles of strict justice and
impartiality.
The revenue proposed now to be appropriated,
consists of duties on salt to be manufactured within
the western district of this state— a tax of two mills
on the dollar on bank stock, in lieu cf having- ihe
same assessed as the personal propi-iiy of indivi-
duals— a certain sum out of the proceeds of auc-
tion duties within this state — a moderate tax on
official seals, and those issuing from the courts of
records within this state — a tax on steam-boat pas-
river to lake Erie, which were made under the di-|sengers, to be levied with the consent of the pi-e-
rection of the commissioners heretofore appointed I prietors — the proceeds to arise from the sale of
for that purpose; they have had the benefit of ex- tracts of land in the western. parts of this state —
planations, from gentlemen of professional skill and certain sums to be raised by lotteries — and the
. 1~!1 •j.__ -L r* 1.1 £» ___ 11 i • i ! _ _ _ 1 ~JT» ___ ~
ability, who performed the surveys; from all which
they do not hesitate to expresss a decided opinion,
not only, that the navigation by canals and locks
can be improved and completed, between the Hud-
son and lake Erie; but that the expense will be so
moderate, as that funds can be provided, without
imposing severe or unreasonable burthens on the
community. The beneficial results to arise from the
completion of this navigation, can scarcely be cal-
culated by the most sanguine of its advocates; a
country, capable of sustaining as dense a population] and the legislature, better means of forn,i • _;• ;.
as any section of the globe, embracing many mil- correct opinion of this important subject, > ian
proceeds of moderate and reasonable tolls, as the
work progresses — all which to be pledged and ap-
propriated for the final redemption and extinguish-
ment of the principal and interest of money to be
borrowed on the credit thereof.
The committee regret that they have r.ot been
abl£ to procure the reports heretofore pi epated by
the surveyors, and returned by them to the com-
missioners heretofore appointed, as they are in-
formed thcv would have afforded
your comr.ii, cee
lions of acres, will pour its productions and its
wealth, into the heart of our commercial emporium;
diffusing blessings of every description, to every
part of this great and important state-, connecting
the interest
western section of the union, so intimately as to; completing me sum navigation, tor nearly
promise permanence and stability, to that system of the whole distance from the Hudson to Like Erie,
those presented. They, however, beg leave to
present statements made by the gentlemen Urns
employed, which sufficiently support those made
to, and opinions, formed by, the committee, from
of this, and the states in the north- which it is rendered probable, that the expert of
ion of the union, so intimately as to J completing the said navigation, for nearly two-l: irds
government established by us? and on which all
must rely, for the political prosperity and happiness
of the United .States.
The committee view the improvement of the na-
vigation between the tide waters of the Hudson
and lake Champlain, as an object of great public
importance; and although they have not been able
to collect any information, on which they can rely
with perfect confidence, as to the amount of ex-
pense to be incurred, yet thcv arc p^rsundcd, that
will not exceed t\vo and a half millions ofdoli.a-s;
rendering it highly probable that, as no greater ob-
structions exist, in any other part of the route res-
pecting which no estimates have been ftmiished,
t'nan those of which a distinct view is presented —
the whole expense will not, for completing the
whole navigation on both routes, exceed six mil-
lions of dollars. They have prepared a bill, which
they have directed their chairman to ask leave to
present,
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 13, 181&
BETKNtT, TOH THE ttHANT) CANAL.
From the Albany Argus.
The bill introduced into the house of assembly ^
for improving the internal navigation of this st^te'
proposes the following subjects and branches o'
revenue, to be appropriated exclusively to this ob-
ject.
'1. The duties on salt manufactured in the western
district, the duty on the Onondaga salt to be
increased from three to ten cents, and of other
manufactories to seven cents. This, according
to the present quantity manufactured, would pro-
duce an annual revenue of about 25 to 30,000 dol
lars.
Q. One hundred thousand dollars of the proceeds
of the duties arising from sales at auction.
3. Two mills on the dollar upon the capital of all
bank stock actually paid in.
4. TO.T apon affinal seal's — One dollar on each
mayoralty, probate, siin-ogate or notarial seal
placed to an official paper — fifty cents for each
seal issued from the offices of the clerks of the
supreme conrt; and twenty five cents for each
and every seal issued from the several offices of
the courts of common pleas,.
-•'. Tax upon steam boat passengers — fourteen per
cent, upon the present rate of fare.
6. Fifty thousand dollars to be raised annually by
lot, cries.
-•if. Tar upon public officers, viz. secretary of state,
p.ttorney-general, and sheriff ami recorder of New
York, each 100 dollars; the sheriffs and clerks of
the first grade of counties, each 80 dollars; of
the second grade, 60 dollars each; pf the third
grade, 50 dollars; of all other comities 10 dolls
each; the surrogates 25 per cent of the amount
directed to be paid by the sheriffs and clerks of
the same counties; the register, clerk of the city
and clerk of the oycr and terminer in New-York,
75 dollars each; district attornies 7 per cent, per
Htmum-
9. The bill also appropriates and pledges to this
object, the state lands at OH we go, Lewis.ton, Black
Hock, Oneicla,GasUeton, the islands in the Niagara
and St. Lawience rivers belonging- to the stute
the Stedman farm, and all la; ids which may b<
purchased from the Indian trjti<-< ^itliin the state
Freedom of the Press!
rnox COUISKTT'S nsGisTEH, oi' Arersr 5, 1815-
To admiral sir A. Cochran, admiral Cockburn, co
lonel Malcom, sir Thomas Cochrune, of the Sur
prize frigate, Mr. Swainson, Mr. J. Gallon, Mr
,f. Miller, Mr. J. li. Glover, captain Napier, o
the Euryalus frigate, captain Coe, captain Hardy
commodore Gordon, the naval commander a
Halifax, and many others.
JBotle», near Southampton, 30//J July, 1815.
GENTLEMEK, — I see in Mr. Niles' Baltimore Weekl;
Register, of the 8th of April last, and in tvvent;
more American papers of about the same date, co
pies of INTERCEPTED LETTERS, .said
have been found on board the English ship of war
£t. Laurence, taken by the American privateei
Chasseur, captain Bortr.. And also certain specif!
assertions in the Boston Patriot of the 29th c
March. I would publish these letters, &c. in orde
that you may see the necessity of saying sometbi
about them. But, to frublish might not be safe.
would send the American papers to you. But, ac
•o'rding1 to our law, that would be to publish. I vvouh
•'ate the substance, or, at least, the tendency of th
letters and assert vis. But, that would be stil
dangcrmis. Therefore, English eyes will1 never
ee them; or, at least, the eyes of the English fmblic.
ut, the millions in America have read them; and,
ifictbrc, 1 wish to see them answered, or rather
er.ied. You will easily obtain them. They are, 1 dare
.iv, in the coffee-houses about the 'Change in Ix>n-
on. Indeed, they appear to have been published
rfttre you left America. Now, cent semen, if you
vish to publish a denial of these letters; if you wish
o assure the American people, that these letters
re not authentic, and that the assertions, thirty-
hree in number, or any of them, are false, / am
eady tv p-rtblin/>. your denial. I offer you the prompt
means of circulating the denial as widely as the let-
ers and assertions have been circulated. 1 will just
>bserve here, that the English government set the
ixample pf thjs species oV warfare by publishing
he intercepted correspondence of the French army
n Egypt. The present publication has been made
vith the consent, I suppose, of the owners, or com.
mander, of an American priva^r. \\hfctl.eryou
ccept ql*. my offer, or not, you will be so good as t«
-ear in unhid, that 1 have made it.
WM. COBBETT.
P. S. I will shove these letters and assertions to
ione of you. That is publishing.
Maryland Statistics.
Letter from the secret my of the treasury, trans'.niting
in obedience to a resolution of the house of represen-
tatives, of the 5th instant, an abstract of the valua-
tion of lands, slaves and divelliiig houses, in each
cetinty of the state of Mart/land, the quota of each
county of the direct tax, as imposed by the act of the
Zd August, 1813,- the names of the principal asset-
tiorafor the year. 1815; and a statement of the valu-
ation of lands, lots, dwelling houses and slaves, as
revised and settled by the board of principal assessors.
TEEASVI;T DEPARTMENT, jllurch 16, 1316.
SIB— In obedience to the resolution of the house
of representatives of the 5th instant, I have the ho-
nor to transmit he following statements, viz:
1. An abstract of the valuation of lands, dwellings
ouses and slaves, within each county of the state of
Maryland, as made under the act of congress of the
22d of July, 1813, showing also the quota of each
county of the direct tax, as imposed by the act of
the 2d of August, 1813, and the rate necessary for
raising the same.
2. A statement of the names of the principal as.
sessors for the several collection districts within the
stale of Maryland.
3. A statement of the valuations of lands, dwel-
ling houses and slaves, within the several state disr
tricts of the state of Maryland, as revised and set-
tled by the board of principal assessors; and the
amount of the quota of each, of the direct tax im-
posed by the act of the 9th of January, 1815.
The transactions of the board of principal asses-
sors for the state of Maryland, except so far as they
are exhibited in the last of the above statements,
have not keen reported to this department; and ex-
cept so far as that statement exhibits them, the
means do not exist at the treasury for staling the
principles on which the board of principal assessors
proceeded, in performing- the duties assigned to.
them, by the act of the Uth of January, 1815.
I have" the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, you*
most obedient servant,
A. J. DALLAS.
The honorable the speaker
•if tht house of representatives,
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—GENERAL POST OFFICE. 103
ABSTRACT
Of valuations of lands, dwelling houses and slaves,
within each county cf the state of Maryland, as
made under the act of congress of July 22d, 1813.
showing1 also the quota of each county, of the di-
rect lax, as imposed by the act of the 2d of Au-
gust, 1813, and the rate necessary for raising- the
same.
i I |lS|i|||l§p|i5ipl|sj
sj a S*l s I s a I sis 1 22 1 ?jl i § j
(ITT.)
STATK.MEXT
f the valuations of lands, lots, with their improve-
ments, dwelling houses and slaves, within the
several districts of the s<ate of Maryland, as re-
vised and settled bv the board of principal asses-
sors, and the amount of the quota of each.
j* i*.° j- >- j- ^ r1 - y y '-' ." ." *• r1
'j, 31 O, 05 - "vc O. W b*N! » V-J JO -J O W -*
' ' T 'O tJi O O O tjr *j Oi (w r* tn
£ .» ." r; r - » .c J» -
i_ O^ £. ^o OC "O
o ? o r- j* £
Hill
? 3. B § 3|
2§ag§8g8§ggg°gggSg
~
"Ill
ir
1
M o>"tiTo -o oo £»°£.'A. -J o< *•• M -Ji >- o. o> to .u "oj
taS"-vS-5iSSSMeoS«'-S:'"cqfc56a?
'3 2 i o 2^ o r^ J" J- -*• -M .* - - •!" -' s'™ >
'ui"o"cJ^) V. --"to oi -»"o -4 — to e> oo o o. oc o «.
P_s s ililiil ISii^isln
- E p a w r - c.^,5 PJ^^^r ££ -~-g g
M
'Ml
g I S8'3gggg§8 8 §§
t« t. _o>~jv-wcjooi-irj^ «.
-^ •gggbVob.^-gVa^b "w
«-25-?««-e^-l5 -?
g| sg g g
8 SS] r||l§
g ssi ??sa.
ojj5£» _E j&- j^,<« r-Vpo tc j»jK to^rp o p.y:
& 10 -J OJ<0^0^*.Ok'0«10i. •-> <0 to
T- r r
to
t'f
00 O> Kl
*•
(II.)
T\ AMES
f)f the principal Qzses^Qrs for the several districts -a-ithh
the state of Maryland, as abor>e spedjied, for the
rear 1815.
1st district, Levin Derrickson,
2d — William Dickinson,
3d — Thomas Williams,
4th — Thomas Bailey,
5th — Thomas H. Hall,
6th — Joseph Griffis,
7th — 1'atrick M'Gill,
8th — William Krcps,
9th — Samuel Smith.
NOTE— The same persons served in the year 1814,
excepting in the 8th district, in which ,1acob Schneb-
l.cy was principal assessor in the year 1814.
General post-office affairs.
House $f Representatives of the United States,
* March 2rth, 1316.
The committee appointed to investigate the con-
duct of the general post-office department, nr.<da-
report. —
That they have used their utmost endeavors tr»
ascertain every fact tlu,' appeared to be material
to a full understanding of the conduct of the officer.*
of that department. As the iiuy.iivy originated in a
•equest of the post-nvister-gc'iKva!, the committee
n the first place addressed to him a letter, (No. 1 )
requesting to be informed of the reasons of his
application to congress, and o.lso that he would
ive them such information as appeared to be
calculated to faciliate the ir.vcstiga'iou. Th? post-
master-general stated, in his answer, that the
application was induced by a rumor that some
person or persons of the department had sold
drafts for money due to the general post-office,
for premiums, which had been converted to their
private use, (see letter Xo 2.')
The committee therefore proceeded to enquiri-
into the truth of tltc ramor by the
NILES WEEKLY REGISTER— -SVIMTRDAY, APRIL 15, 1816
<>F every person who seemed likely to have an
knowledge ofthc f.ict; hut, in the examination
fco're of the c erks in the gem rai post- ;fTicc, va^i
fiuggi .si ijp.s were made of imp oper transactions
department, other than those to which thci
:t.Uention had been drawn Ivy the post master-gen<
• ••(I. '['he investigation lias", therefore, assumed
very extensive scope, and has consequently occi
pied more time than could have been anticipate
nt its commencement. This delay lias also bee
'•IK- -.. -;.., ,| by circumstances arising out of the nn
ttire of the enquiry: us no person appeared to mak
am specific choices, the committee ;..id no alterna
live but to abandon their undertaking-, or listen t
rumors and the hearsays of some of the witnesses
and send for other witnesses to prove the facts; —
they made choice of the letter course, and hav
examined every person \vho was either suggestei
to them or appeared as likelv to possess any infor
iiiation on the subjects of their enquiry.
Tiie charges rising1 out of the suggestions of th
"witnesses, and which, from the various commuiiic;*
tions tlu;v made to the committee, it appeared t<
bo the desire of some of them most especially t<
establish, are as follows, viz:
1st. That certain persons in the general post-office
and particularly Abraham Bradley, junior, assistun
poat-master-general, had sold post-ollic^ drafts anc
checks, and applied the premium to their private
use.
2d. That an erasure had been made in the cash
book of the general post-office, and an crrpneou:
cnii-v found thereon.
:M. Tiiat private accounts were improperly kep
with individuals, on the books of the post-office.
4th. That Phincas Bradley had been concernec
in a co iiract for carrying- the mail, that was impro-
perly obtained.
5th. That P. Bradley had received corrupting
presents from mail contract
6lh. That P Bradley :ind Abraham Bradley, jr
had made use of post-office money, in purchasing
depreciated bank notes, for whicli they received a
premium, and applied it to (heir private use.
7th. That bank ncles which were better than the
paper of the district of Columbia, and a treasury
note, had beer, returned to post-masters, bv ordei
of Abraham Bradley, jr.
8-h. That the Washington and Union Banks and
certain individuals had profited by the sale of post-
office draf'.s.
9th. That a contract for carrying the mail from
Washington to KrediTicksburg had been supersed-
ed by ordi-r of the post-master gvneral, before it
expired, and about double the amount given for
the same service.
\n examination of the subjoined testimony and
documents, will enable the house to determine, how
f.tr the charges, or either of them, have been sus-
t..iiKa. The committee liave, however, no hesita-
tion in expressing their opinion on them severally.
1. V\"ith respect to the first charge, in relation to
Abraham Bradley, jr. there is no evidence what-
. to induce a suspicion, tlv.it he has sold post-
pflice drafts or checks for a premium, nor dues it
r that any other person in the general post-
office has sold post-office drafts or checks for a pre-
mium, other than drafts obtained for their own sa-
r-t in the case of II. H. Edwards, who
t a post-office drafi on Bos'on, for district of
. and disposed of it by an agent in
j;-k (,is 'kae presumes") for a p'remiuui.
••a.nittee h..ve not relied upon negative
, r.i\ to disprove this charge; but have attcn-
ti\ cly examined the books of the Union Bank con>
twining the accounts with the general post-office*
as well as the private accounts of Abraham Brad-
ley, jr. and Phincas Bradley, with that bank, and
have satisfactorily ascertained, that no credits have
been given to them or any other person in the gene-
ral post-office, for premium on drafts or checksj
they have also ascertained, that the premium* for
post-office drafts and checks sold by the bank,
have been entered in the profit and loss account
thereof. It therefore conclusively follows that these
premiums have accrued to the" bank, and to none
other.
2. It appears that a draft in favor of Elisha Riggs.,
is charged in the cash book of the general post-of-
fice, as sold to the Union Bank, the words Union
Bank; being apparently written on an erasure. But
from an examination of the books of the Union
Hank, the committee ascertained that the general
post-office ha.cl credit for this draft thereon, (see
••iso the testimony of Elisha Higgs) and therefore,
Jie draft having "been actually sold to, and negoci-
Ued by the Union Bank, and not Elisha Riggs, they
lo not perceive any impropriety in the entry, and
;till less have they" been able to discover any im-
proper purpose to be effected by the alterations on
'he c;;sh book.
3. It appears to have been the practice of the as-
sistant post-master-general, A. Bradley, jr. to open
in account with certain individuals, partly of a pub-
ic and partly of a private nature; there "were cases
n which members of congress have, by means of
he agency of Abraham Bradley, jr. transferred
unds from one part of the United States to another
•art, or have received money for some of their con-
titucnts, who were contractors for carrying the
nail; by which their names became entered on the
>ooks: no advantages accrued to any person by
he transaction other than that of the accommoda-
ion in transferring an inconsiderable fund from one
>lacc to another. It may be observed that the post-
>ffice offered peculiar "facilities in this particular,
.ml has frequently been resorted to by members ot
:ongress and others for this purpose, but their
lames do not appear in an open account on the
>ooks, except when the drafts exchanged did
xac>ly balance at the time of exchange.
The only account of this nature which is as
aincd to remain open on the books, was made in
December, 1800, where there is a balance in favor of
he general post-office of 320 dollars, due from gen.
[, Lee, of Virginia.
4. It appears that Phineas Bradley, a clerk in
ic genera! post-office, has been concerned in car-
ying the mail, and that he owned somewhat move
lan one eighteenth of a line of stages which
iedthe mail from Baltimore to Georgetown ar.d
Alexandria for 28-JO dollars a year. Whatever may
e the opinion of the committee as to the strict
ropriety of the mode in which a compromise
ftected in this case between rival contractors,
ic testimony of John Davis) it is but proper to add
lat Mr. Bradley had no legal agency in influcnc-
ig the decision upon the contract; nor could he
ave had any other agency in it, unless a cor:
isposiuon is presumed on the part of the then
os t- master-general, who was consulted before the
on tract took effect as to the propriety of his being
oncerned in iu but there is no circurast&nce in the
lo authorize such a presumption.
5. There is no evidence which, in the opinion
*" the committee, can iustifv the imputations in
is charge. Sec. stlmoV.y oi'.J. E.ldington.
6. It appears that O.UIK "ao-v.^ 10 a small amount
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— NATIONAL CURRENCY, £c. JQ5
Ji.ivebeen sold by Abraham Bradlev, jr. and P. Brad-
lev, previous to 'the. general depreciation of bank
p.-'pcr, for which they received a premium. The
evidence does not prove that t.ey made use ot
public money for this pui-po-c-, hut so far.as a facv
of tliis kind co- ild be asccrt ,in • : f nn circumstances,
it proves the transaction to have been a private one.
7. U appears that a treasury note of one hun-
dred dollars, and b-.nk notes la a small amount,
which were supposed to be belter than t,ie money
of the district of Columbi i, i-ye been veturned to
post-masters; this transaction, so f>r :•;> it regards
tiie bank notes returned, is in conformity with an
order of the pofit-master-general to hi« deputies,
annexed to letter No. 2. The only reason alleged
for returning1 the treasury note is, ihat it might
have been purchased at a discount by the post-mas-
ter who remitted it.
8. The committee have ascertained that drafts
to the amount of $121,348 4:J have been disposed
of to the Union Bank; and to the amount of g4, JOU
to i'ie Washing-ion B.vnk, and to the ..mount of
5&; 5,348 25- to indivMuils who were not public cre-
ditors since the 1st of Oct. 1814, the commence-
ment of the general depreciation of bank paper.—
Those drafts appear to have been exchanged at
par, and, except in a few cases, for the paper of
the district of Columbia. It is evident, from the
T.tte of exchange during- this period, between 'die
district of Columbia and most of the places upon
y ich these drafts were drawn, that the purchas-
ers must have derived an advantage, other than
that of a mere transfer of their funds. It has not
been in the power of the committee to ascertain
the value of these drafts in the paper of the dis-
trict of Columbia, having no means of determining,
at the several dates, the respective rates of ex-
change; nor did this appear to them very material,
as the amount of profit which accrued to the
purchasers coidd have but little influence upon the
principle wtuc!) must determine the propriety of
the measure. With respect to the banks, it is stat-
ed that a small proportion of these drafts were
gold for premiums, some having been exchanged for
specie, and others used for the payment of debts
due to other banks.
Tt cannot however be of any importance (if the
drafts were essentially more valuable than the dis-
trict of Columbia paper) whether they were em.
ployed in the payment of debts, sold for specie or
jor bank notes of this district, with a premium for
the difference of value; the principle is the same in
either case, and whatever may be the amount of ad-
Vantage to the individuals or the banks in this trans-
action, resulting from the difference of exchange,
tne same will be the amount of disadvantage to
the government. It does not however appear that
any change has taken place in tke practice of the
general post-office department, in this respect, for
a scries of years; and as the operation complained
of, is evidently the effect of an existing arrange-
ment under a change of the circumstances of the
circulating medium, it is not to be presumed that
the practice has arisen out of a design to promote
private interest, or to prejudice the interests ot
the government. The committee are, however, de-
cidedly of opinion, that the advantage arising from
the difference of exchange, as to all the monies
that are due to the treasury, ought to accrue ex-
clusively to the government; but as 'he post-mas-
ter-general has expressed a willingness to pay over
these balances in any way that may best .tc •ommo-
Qale the treasury department, the evil ruinuts of a
very simple remedy,
9. The facts, stated in this charge are admitted
to be correct, and the letter of the post-master
general (No. 19) contains a satisfactory explanation
of the reasons for alte.-ing the terms of the contract
in question; whether loo much was eventually giv-
en for the service, under the changes required bv
the post-master gencr:.!, is a subject not in the
power of the committee to decide; nor would ther
be justified in presuming any misconduct in a trans-
action that appears to have been so f drly conducted.
The committee subjoin to the report the sub"
stance of all the testimony which appeared to them
in any de-gree material to the enquiry, also sundry
communications made in writing, and beg leave to
offer the following resolution, viz:
Resolped, That the committee' appointed to in-
vestigate the conduct of the general posl-ofRce de-
partment, be discharged from the farther consider-
tion of the subject referred 'olhem.
[Accompanying this report, is an abstract of the
evidence given before the committee, and some
written statements made in answer to its queries,
ot necessary to publish at present.]
National Currency, &c.
Letter from the secret. ry of the treasury to the
chairman of the committee on the national cur-
rency, in reply to inquiries by said committee as
to the practicability and expediency of collecting
the dues of government in gold, silver and cop-
per coin, treasury notes, and the notes of such
banks as pay specie fo:- their bills.
Treantry .Department, 19th March, 1816.
Sin — I have the honor to acknowledge the receip*
of your letter dated the 15ih instant, making the
following inquiries, on behalf of the committee on
the national cm; ency:
st, "Is it practicable or expedient, at present, to
collect the dues of government in gold, stiver an 3
copper coiiia, treasury noies, and the notes of such
baisks as pay specie for their bills?"
2d, "If tins be not practicable or expedient, at pro-
sent, when ought an act directing the due.; of
government to be so paid, to go into effect, .r.id
what ought to be the provisions of such an act?"
3d, "Wovud it be expedient, after the 1st of No-
vember next, or at any other time, to increase the
duties on stamps on the notes of such banks as do
not pay in specie?"
4th, "Are there any other measures that it would
be expedient to resort to for that purpose ?"
Asa brfef .consideration of the general subject of
your letter will afford the best fmndation for spe-
cific answers to the questions which have been pro-
posed, I pray the indulgence of the committee in
the adoption of that course.
AV hen the banks, during the summer of 1814,
suspended the payment of t.ieir notes in coin, the
treasury notes which had been issued, were nnni-
festh- incompelem, both in amount and credit, \c.
constitu.e a substitute for the metallic 'currency.
A declaration, therefore, at that time, that the go-
vernment would onjy accept, \\\ payment of the
revenue, gold and silver, treasury notes, or baiik
notes payable on demand in coin, "would have been
equivalent to a denial of the means f<v pay in? ^i.e-
cluiies and taxes, at lljeve;\ crisfe that 'rendered
indispensable a strict enforcement, of the obligvuior.
•.op-} them. Ncr. could such a decimation li tve
been properly applied to . e loans which the neces-
sities >f , the treasury rec ^ •--bscription in
coin was not to be e -, ,,(i) ju
treasury noves couid. ru ftive aid' for
106
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, APRIL 13, 1816,
extreme necessity; and, in short, to shake tlie very
foundations of pi'ivate property. The powers of
the treasury department were granted, for purposes
contemplated by the legislature in making- the
grant; but it is not believed, that a case attendee!
with circumstances so extraordinary, embracing in-
terests so extensive, and involving' consequences so
important, was at any time anticipated by the legis-
lature; or that it could be properly subjected to
legislative agencv. Having
anv other than the
general purposes; and consequently a subscription
in the local currencies of the several states must
have been contemplated as the chief resource for
procuring the public supplies, as well as for dis-
charging the public engagements. Under a sens*,
therefore, of the necessity which seems, for a time,
to have reconciled the wliole nation to the sus-
pension of payments in coin, the treasury continued
to receive bank notes, in satisfaction of every pub-
lic claim and demand; and congress, after a session
«f six months, adjourned on the 3d of March, 1815,
without intimating any objection, or making any
provision, upon the subject.
The same state of things continued throughout
the year 1815; in the annual estimates communicated
to congress, at the commencement of the present
session, it was stated, that the aggregate amount
which would probably be realized and received at
the treasury during 1815, from revenue and loans,
might be placed at the sum of about $530,400,000:
TJut the gross amount of treasury notes issued and
unredeemed in 1815, could not be averaged higher
than gl6,000,000; and the amount in actual circula-j the amount, attended by an amelioration of the ra-
tion, must be taken at a much less sum; for whenever jlue of the existing paper- medium, and that the
and wherever the treasury notes rose to par, and
above par, they were, for obvious reasons, withheld
from the ordinary uses in exchange. Nor was it in
therefore, made several ineffectual attempts to re-
lieve the public embarrassments, it was deemed
the duty of the department to repose with confi-
dence, upon the wisdom and authority of congress^
for the application of a. remedy suited to-the mala-
dy of the times.
The period has arrived, when such a remedy
may be safely and surely applied. The opinion ex-
pressed in the treasury Vepfert of the 6th of Decem-
ber last, is still however entertained, that the cur-
rency in coin cannot at once be restored; that it can
only be restored through a gradual reduction of
measure of reform must originate with the state
banks. It has been said, indeed, that those institu-
tions have already begun the salutary work; thai
the power of the treasury to augment the issue of the amount of their discounts has been reduced;
treasury notes beyond the immediate demand for
fiscal purposes. Treasury notes have not hitherto
been regarded by the law as a substitute for the
national currency, and the authority to issue them is
only granted, as an auxiliary for supplying the occa-
sional deficiencies of the revenue. In the New
England states alone, the banks still professed to
pay their notes upon demand in gold and silver; but,
in f.ict, the issues of bank notes in that quarter have
proved inadequate to meet the wants of the com
m unity; and the revenue is almost entirely collected
in treasury notes, which have been purchased at a
£onsidei'able discount. It is certain, therefore, tbat
neither treasury notes, nor circulating coin, nor the
notes of banks paying in coin, could furnish, in
3815, a sufficient medium, to satisfy the amount of
the duties, taxes and leans for the year. But it is
important here to add, that while the interior ofjpreciate by the operation of such an institution. —
the country was as destitute of a currency in coin, A demand for the paper of the national bank may
ns the cities and towns upon the Atlantic, the trea-j diminish the demand for the paper of the state
miry-note medium Was, in effect, monopolized bv( banks, but after the restoration of the currency in
the commercial cities; and the local banks furnished 'coin, the whole issue of bank paper will be regti-
thatthe issues of their paper have been restricted;
and lhat preparations are made for converting theif
capital of public stock into the more legitimate ca-
pital of gold and silver. Public confidence must
naturally follow these just and judicious arrange
ments; but the interposition of the government will
still be required, to secqi'e a successful result.
It must at all times be a delicate task, to exact
the payment of duties and taxes in gold and silver,
before the treasury is prepared, independent of any
contingency, to give an assurance that the public
creditors shall be paid in the same or:\n equivalent
medium. If, however, a national bank be now es-
tablished, this assurance may be confidently given;
and it is believed that the apprehension will prove
unfounded, which suggests that the issue of bank
paper will be increased, and consequently will dc-
all the means which the planter or the farmer could
collect for the payment of his rent or his tax.
During the year 1815, the ell'ects of the late war
upon public and private credit were still felt; and
the extraordinary event, which involved Europe, in
a new conflict, threatened a continuance of the
drain upon our gold and silver; to be augmented,
according to a general apprehension, by the force
of an unfavorable balance of trade. Under such
circumstances, the restoration of the national cur-
rency of coin, could not cease to be desirable; but
it must become more difficult in the accomplish-
ment. The alternative issue of the measure deserv-
ed, therefore, the most serious consideration; and
it was determined, not only upon views of fiscal in-
lerest and accommodation, but upon principles of
national policy and justice. The consequence of
rejecting bank notes,' which were not paid on de-
)nand in coin, (if such payments were not thereby
rendered general) must have been to put at hazard
the collection of the revenue, in point of time and
in point of product; to deteriorate (if not to destroy)
the only adequate medium of exchange, adopted
by the common consent of the nation, iq a c;ise of
lated by the whole demand; and the proportions
)f the issue to be enjoyed by the national bank and
the state banks, respectively, will be the subject or
a fair competition, without affecting the public inte-
rests or convenience. If, therefore, the state banks
iave resumed the payment of their notes in coin,
before the national bank shall be organized, there
will be no hazard of disappointment in promising*
similar payment to the public creditors; but even
if that be not the case, the hazard will be slight,
considering all the legislative precautions vhich it
is proposed to adopt. Added to the metallic capi-
tal of the national bank, the deposite of the reve-
nue, collected in gold and silver, must be a suffi-
cient basis for a circulation of coin; as the uses for
the paper of the bank, extending throughout the
nation, will be constant as well as uniform.
Under these general impressions I have the ho-
nor to submit the specific answers to your inquiries,
in the following form:
1. That it be made by law the duty of the se-
cretary of the treasury to give public notice that
from and after Jhe 3 1st day of December next, it
will not be hr.vful to receive in payments to the
BILES'' WEEKLY REGISTER— PICTURE OF ENGLAND.
107
United States, any tiling- but gold, silver, and cop-
per coins, constituting the lawful national currency:
provided, that the secretary of the treasury may,
as i.craufove, authorise and allow the receipt of the
notey of such banks, as sln'-i TV.IV their notes, on de-
mand, in the lawful money of the United States.
2. That, from and after tbo same day it shall not
be lawful for the secretary of the treasury to au-
thorise or allow deposites of the revenue to he made,
or to be continued; in any bank which shall not
pay its notes when demanded, in the lawful money
of 'the United Slates.
3. That from and after the same d-,v it shall be
the duty of the secretary of the t ;-.-;. irj o '.-ike
legal measures for obtaining payment, in the lawful
money of the United States, all notes or sums on
deposlte, belonging to the United States, issued or
deposited in any bunk which shall not then pay its
notes and deposite*, on demand, in the lawful money
of the United States.
4. That from and after the same day, the notes
of banks and bankers, shall be charged with a
graduated stamp duty, advanced at least 200 pet-
cent upon the p'resent duty, without the privilege
of commutation; saving, in that respect, all existing
contracts .- Provided, thut if any banks or bankers
shall, on or before the 1st dav of November next,
notify the secretary of the treasury, that their notes
will be paid in coin, upon demand, after the 31st ol
December; and if it be proved to his satisfaction
that afier that day payment was so made, then witl
respect to such banks or bankers, the rate of duty
und the privilege of commutation, shall remain, as
•now established by law.
Although the success of these measures is not ii
any degree doubted, ii. may be proper to add, thai
ir' it ever shall become necessary to increase theii
force, provision might be made, under the con
dtitwi'~>nal power of congress, to subject all ban]:;
and bankers, failing to pay their notes, according
to the terms of the contract, to a seizure of theii
estates and effects, for the benefit of their creditors
as in a case of legal bankruptcy.
I cannot conclude this letter, without an ex
at ion and profession usual on occasions like t]\k
)resent. I cannot congratulate the people on the
importunity afforded them for redressing their mani-
bld grievances, by a due exercise of their consti-
.utional right to appoint, their representatives in
parliament, well knowing, and that too they know
ill well who cause this cheating- appearance of an
e'.cc'ion to take place, that no such opportunty is.
n point of fact, or intended to be, afforded the peo-
ple. You, gentlemen, are too well informed of the
•eal condition of your country, not to regard such
"anguage as deceptious, and to treat it with merit-
id contempt. Neither can I, with truth, profess
that I shall be highly, or at all, gratified, by be-
ng returned a member of an assembly where cor-
ruption is acknowledged to be as "notorious as
ioon-duy,'' and where "practices which would have
made our forefathers startle with indignation, in.
ittcr oblivion of every former maxim and feeling
of parliament," have been impudently avowed, and
shamelessly justified. This has brought us into a
situation almost impossible, within the limits of aa
advertisement to depict. Nine hundred million*-
of cjebt; inland fortresses under the name of bar-
racks; an army of German and other foreign mer-
cenaries; an army of spies and informers; of tax
and excise agents; an inquisition of private proper-
ty; a phantom for a king; a degraded aristocracy.-
an oppressed people; a confiding parliament; irre-
sponsible ministers; a corrupt and intimidated
press; pensioned justices; packed juries; vague
and sanguinary laws, sometimes shamefuliv relax-
ed, at other times violently Stretched beyond their
tone; which, together with a host of f.iHurcfj of fo-
reign expeditions, and the present crushing burden
of taxation, arc some of the bitter fruits of cor^
rupuon in the house of ciommong. A house of com.
r.tons, the members of which did, agreeably to are-
turn laid before it in 1808, put into their own pock-
ets .£178,994 a year in sinecures, salaries and pen-
sions, besides their staff-appointments, and t licit*
commissions, and besides the money received by
their wives and other relations. In f.<ct,the whole,
of the evil arises here. Those who vote the money1
pression of some solicitude, at the present situation] are, some way or other, interested in the expendi-
. >f the treasury. The state banks have ceased to
uiford any accommodation for the transfer of its
funds. The revenue is paid (as already stated) in
treasury noies, where treasury notes are below par;
and the public engagements can only be satis-
factorily discharged in treasury notes, which are
immediately funded at 7 per cent. Where treasury
notes are above par, the local accumulation of bank
credits is beyond ihe local demands, and the excess
cannot be used elsewhere. Discontent and spe-
culation are abroad; and all the estimates of the
amount of the funded debt, created since the com-
mencement of the late war, will probably fail, unless
the wisdom of congress shall effectually provi. !•.
for the early restoration of an uniform nation;.!
currency. 1 have the honor to be, sir, verxu-espect-
j'ully, your most obed't servant,
A. J. DALLAS.
The bon. J. C. Calhonn, chairman of the
committee on ttie national currency.
Picture of England.
Sir Francis Bunktt's address la the electors of West-
minster.
GEXTLEMEN— In addressing so enlightened a por-
tion of the community as the electors of the great
metropolitan city of Westminster, it would ill be-
me to adopt the hackijied style of congratu-
ture of it. The small number of independent men
lave no weight at all.
Gentlemen, it is often affirmed tliat the savings
in our power to make from sinecures and pensions,
would afford no relief to the people? Let us take
a few out of numerous instances. The house of
commons itself, in sheer places and pensions, swal-
lows as much a* would give fifty shillings a year to
71,225 families — would this be" nothing? Would it
not be felt by the people? Lord Arclen, brother to
the late minister, with reversion to the late minister
himself, receive* from his .sricc-.-rcs rf'ot$,574 a year.
This is the exact sum state-.-:. 2ffit it is s-.j id, "that
he has besides immense sunu-- arising from interest.
Here is support all the year round, at twelve shil-
lings a week, for more than a thousand families. —
The same may be said of the family of Cirenvillc.
The duke of Orafton's sinecures and pensions
would maintain half as many; and, in short, it is i.i
this way the nation ia impoverished} and reduced
to misery. The lord chief justice, Eilenboi ough,
besides his salary, receives in sinecures, .£8,993 a
year; besides having- offices to sell, and participating'
in the emoluments of his own jailer. The sinecures
of the chief justice would keep 300 families. Mr..
Garners, the apothecary-genera!, has a clear .£12,000
a year, according to his own acknowledgment; be-
sides the sums given to the princes out of the droits
of admiralty, the king's pi-iva.tc property iu tilt-
108
WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 13, 1816
funds, exempted from the income tax, and Mr Ad-
«Jington (the maker and the breaker of the treaty of
Amiens,) in 1801, misapplying upwards of .£50,000
{voted for the civil list) as a loan to the duke of
York, only a small part of which lias been repaid,
•and that without interest. What noble examples
they set us, of making- sacrifices — and for recon-
ciling the people to their sufferings, from the weight
•of the taxes, and the distresses of the times!
Gentlemen, there was formerly a law for putting
a. badge of distinction on every pauper receiving-
alms from his parish; but what badges of infamy do
those men deserve, who thus extort alms from eve-
ry poor man in every parish in England — who em-
bezzle, in unmerited pensions, and sinecure places,
and divert into privu 2 purses, the public resources
of their country?
Gentlemen, our usurping oligarchy assum-es a
power of making our most innocent actions mis-
demeanors; of determining points of law without
appeal; and of imprisoning our persons without tri-
n.1; of breaking open our'houses with the standing
army; and murdering the people in the streets, by
soldiers paid by the people themselves for their de"-
fcnce. Gentlemen, before recent experience, we
should have hardly thought that a bare vote of the
Jower house would have been of sufficient force, in
any court of justice, to overpower the solemn enact-
ments of king and parliament.
Gentlemen, the judges, in the time of Charles I. 'Vc raa-v wel1 conclude by asking, with the poet,—
him in guilt ! The house of commons, instituted to
redress our grievances, is become the greatest of
all grievances, itself the ready instrument of all our
oppressors; a two-edged sword to destroy, instead
of a shield to protect.
Gentlemen, the people of England are entitled,
by several positive laws, as well ns by that which
is superior to all law, reason and common sense,
and common good, to annual parliaments and free
elections. These are the vital principles of the
constitution; the only means of insuring justice,
peace and security, to the community at large.
Gentlemen, we once had tin's happiness; our laws
were made by repres.-ntrit.ives of our own choosing;
our money was not taken from us but by our own con-
sent, and the laws made by common consent were
the measure of the king's rule and the subjects obe-
dience. To use the words of our great dramatic
bard —
"Look here upon this picture, and en this;
The counterfeit presentment of two brothers.
See what a grace was seated on this brow!"
"A combination, and a form, indeed,
Where every God did seem to set his seal.
This was your CONSTITUTION. Look now, what.
follows;
Here is voWr CONSTITUTION."
decided against MAMPDEN in the great, cause of ship-
money — "ut secundmn k%c:n r.ncrrlur JOAXSKS HAMT-
DEN." Gentlemen, in the action brought against
me bv the present excellent high bailiff of West-
minster, which 1 defended because t thought it my
duty not to give up your rights, lord Ellenborough
directed the jury to find a verdict for the high bai-
liff, reasoning in this curious manner: "the burden
and the benefit ought to go together; therefore, as
'What devil was't
That thus has cozen'd us at hoodman blind!"
Gentlemen, under the present system no change,
of ministry can be permanently and importantly
useful to the country. The present are just as good
as any of their predecessors during the present
reign, or as any that are likely to succeed them. —
The fault is not in the individuals, but in the sys
tern; a system under which no nation ever did or
can prosper; a system of the most infamous and
3. had had the benefit," said his lordship, "by taking
vhe scat, the election expenses ought to fall upon
n>e." As to taking the seat, that was compulsory, | complicated corruption,
fn obedience to the king's writ, and what the />.";;•>- j To this internal situation of the country, I dc-
jit is, of a seat in the house of commons, lam still is ire to draw the attention of my countrymen, per-
• o learn. How his lordship could make so many I suaded that from hence alone proceeds all our m-
Munders, both in law and logic, in so small a com-!ternal sufferings, and external weakness; by the
pass, il is impossible to imagine, unless it could,] removal of this system, you may have foreign con-
tor ;<n instant, be supposed, that his lordship spoke! quest, if that is desirable; by the non-removal, even
1'rom experience; and that, having found a seat in j victory and conquest would serve only to enhance,
The house, a convenient stepping-stone to the bench, Jand to confirm the rational servitude, depravity and
4-ie had forgotten the ancient theory in the modern [misery. This system must be put a stop to by efforts
practice of the constitution; with the latter of i from without the doors of the house of commons
v. hich his lordship is said to be to the full as well
acquainted as with the former. But there is no-
thing in the conduct of judges, cither ancient or
•modern, to induce us to resign, at the shrine of
llic-ir authority, all pretensions to common sense,
and to the understanding of plain English. How
jgies of our
the king, if
are we the better for tlie noble str
forefathers against arbitrary power
\veendureit in much worse hands — those of 'our
fellow-subjects? What signifies to us the law de-(
claring, Unit no man shall be imprisoned without
lawful judgment of his peers, if the jargon offer
ft conmictiuh parlittinent?' (a scrap of huin is over
introduced to cover a cheat) can rentier ail the
JuWs usele.-,s. liow is the flock the belter for be-
ing sate from the wolf, if they are devoured by the
very dog's placed to defend them? What avails re-
sisting tiic iion, to fall into Lhc jaws of the juckallr
tohave pinioned the ci.g'ic's wing, to become the sport
— for, be assured, the gentlemen within will never
reform themselves. They will no more part with
their rotten boroughs, than a highwayman with
his pistols. The SPIRIT of HAMPDEN must re-
vive in the breasts of our country gentlemen, and
the people, with united voice, must demand reform
in a language not to be misunderstood. Until some
suvh spirit shall manifest itself, I am desirous of
withdrawing from acting a part in the low farce
carried on in St. Stephen's; of resigning into your
hands your delegated trust; of returning to that
retirement I had chosen when you so unexpected
ly 'placed me in your service; thinking that in so de-
graded,and degrading a state of the country, "t!
post of honor is the private station." At tiie same
time, gentlemen, be well assured that nothing can
efface from my recollection the deep impression of
sour noble and generous conduct. On this point all
the world are agreed, whatever difference of opin-
or prey of daws and kites? Despicable condition! ! ion may exist about the object of your choice. Gen-
cheated, sold and arbitrarily ruled by our own ser- Itlemen", vo'ir kind and considerate behaviour has
vr.n^, who exceed thid*-; in treachery, arid equal'matle a Inn-then far too hcv.vy for my :,hcniklers. PT-,
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— INDIAN CHIEF.
109
easier than I could have expected. Not only hav
I been free from importunity, but even from the
slightest request from a single individual of youi
numerous body.
Gentlemen, this conduct fills me with esteem anc
respect, and must ever bind me to the electors 0
Westminster, by indissoluble ties of gratitude and
affection. But, gentlemen, I do most earnestly wisl
td spare myself the mortification, and you the dis
appointment, of passing a painful life in undignifi
ed, because unsupported, and unavailing efforts, tc
stem a torrent of corruption as irresistible as infa
mous; of "dipping buckets into empty wells, and
growing old in drawing nothing' up."
Gentlemen, I remain, with the most profound gra
titude and devotion, your humble servant,
FRANCIS BURDETT.
Skenandoh, the Indian Chief,
FTTJTERAI. 01 SKENAJJDOHT, THE OXEIDA CUIEF, WITH A
SKETCH OF HIS LIFE.
From the Utica Patriot, of March 19. — We ar<
very grateful for the following communication, be
cause it will be seen from it, that there were severa
errors in the notice published in our last, and also
because it is a much more ample and interesting
statement.
Died, at his residence near Oneida Castle, on
Monday, the llth instant, SKEMUVDOH, the ce
lebrated Oneida chief, aged 110 years; well known
in the wars which occurred while we were Britisl
colonies, and in the contest which issued in our
independence, as the undeviating friend of the peo-
ple of the United States. He was very savage, and
addicted to drunkenness in his youth;* but by his
own reflections and the benevolent instructions oi
the late rev. Mr. Kirkland, missionary to his tribe,
lie lived a reformed man for more than sixty years,
and died in Christian hope.
From attachment to Mr. Kirkland, he had always
expressed a strong desire to be buried near his
minister and father, that he might (to use his own
expression) "go up ivith him at the great resurrection.''
At the approach of death, after listening to the
prayers which were read at his bed-side, by his
great-grand-daughter, he again repeated this re-
quest. Accordingly, the family of Mr. Kirkland,
having received information by a runner that Ske-
i*.andoh was dead, in compliance with a previous
promise, sent assistance to the Indiana, that the
corpse might be conveyed to the village of Clinton
for burial. Divine service was attended at ihe
meeting- house in Clinton, on Wednesday, at two
o'clock, P. M. An address was made to the Indians
by the rev. Dr. Backus, president of Hamilton col-
lege; which was interpreted by judge Dean of
Westmoreland. Prayer was then offered and ap-
propriate psalms sung. After service the con-
Bourse which had assembled from respect to the
deceased chief, or from the singularity of the occa-
ion, moved to the grave in the following order:
*In the year 1775, Skenandoh was present at a
reaty made in Albany. At night he was exccssivc-
y drunk, and in the morning found himself in the
treel; stripped of all his ornaments and every ar-
icle of clothing. His pride revolted at his self-
egiadation, and he resotved that, he would never
gain deliver himself over to the po'.ver of stnng
"(iter.
Students of Hamilton College.
Corpse.
Indians.
Mrs. Kirkland and Family.
Judge Dean, Rev. Dr. Norton, Rev." Mr. Ayer.
Officers of Hamilton College.
Citizens.
After interment, the only surviving son of the
deceased, self-moved, returned thanks through
judge Dean as interpreter, to the people, for the
respect shewn to his father on the occasion, and to
Mrs. Kirkland and family for their kind and friendly
attentions.
Skenandoh's person was tall and brawny, but
well made; his countenance was intelligent, and
beamed with all the indigenous dignity of an indiaii
chief. In his youth he was a brave and intrepid
warrior, and in his riper years one of the ablest
counsellors among the North American tribes. He
possessed a strong and vigorous mind, and though
terrible as the tornado in the war, he was bland and
mild as the zephyr in peace. With the cunning of
the fox, the hungry perseverance of the wolf, and
the agility of the mountain cat, he watched and
repelled Canadian invasions. His vigilance once
preserved from massacre the inhabitants of the
infant settlements at Germanflats. His influence
brought his tribe to our assistance in the war of
the revolution. How many of the living and the
dead have been saved from the tomahawk and the
scalping-knife by his friendly aid is not known: but
individuals and villages have expressed gratitude
for his benevolent interpositions, and among the
indian tribes he was distinguished by the appella
tion of the "White man's friend."
Although he could speak but little English, and
in his extreme old age was blind, yet his company
vas songht. In conversation he was highly deco-
rous, evincing that he had profited by seeing civi-
lized and polished society, and by mingling \vitL
good company in his better days.
To a friend who called on him a short time since,
he thus expressed himself by an interpreter:
"I am an aged hemlock :" the winds of an hun-
dred winters have whistled through my branches;
I am dead at the top. The generation to which I
belong have run away and left me; why I live the
Great Good Spirit only knows. Pray to my Jesus,
that I niav have patience to wait for my appointed
time to die."
Honored chief! His prayer was answered; he was
cheerful and resigned to the last. For several
/ears he kept his dress for the grave prepared.
Once, and again, and again, he came to Clinton' to
die; longing that 3iis soul might be with Christ, and
MS body in the narrow hov..se, near his beloved
Jhristian teacher.
Y» nile the ambitious but vulgar great, look prin-
cipally to-sculptured monuments, and to riches ir>
the temple of earthly fame, Skenandoh, in the
spirit of the only real nobility, stood with his loins
girded, waiting the coming- of his Lord.
Kis Lord has come! and the day approaches
when the green hillock that covers his dust will be
nore respected than the pyramids, the mausolea
and the pantheons of the proud and imperious —
His simple "turf and stone" will be viewed witk
affection and veneration, when their taudrv orna-
iients of human apotheosis shall awaken or'ly pity
mcl disgust.
"Indulge my native land, indulge the tear,
)£t Heals impassioned o'er a nation's doom-
To me taeli twig from Adam1 stock is dean
And sorrows fall upon an Indian's tomb," ""
"Hint;*, March 14, 1816.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 13, 1816.
CONGRESS.
SENATK.
April 4. The bill to establish a navigation sy.s-
lam being1 the order of the day, was, on motion of
Mr. Harper, postponed till to-morrow. Mr. Har-
per at the same time laid upon the table the follow-
ing-resolutions:
Resolved, That provision ought to be made bv
law, for excluding1 gradually from the naval and
merchant service of the United States, all persons
ether than native citizens, or persons heretofore
Resolved, That provision ought to be made by-
law for compelling- the merchant vessels of the
United States to have on board a number of appren-
tices, in proportion to the tonnage of such vessels
respectively.
. — The senate resumed the consideration
«-f the bill to establish a system of navigation for
the United States.
Mr. Harper moved to recommit the bill to a se-
lect committee, with a view to incorporating there-
in the principles indicated in his motion of y ester-
flay.
This motion was negatived; and the bill was or-
tlcred to be engrossed fora third reading.
The senate resumed the consideration of the bill
to 'increase the salaries of the officers of govern-
ment therein mentioned. A motion was made to
postpone the further consideration thereof indefi-
nitely, which gave rise to considerable debate. —
The motion was negatived.
April 6. The bill for the relief of the widow and
children of Robert Fulton, deceased, (extending
•the term of the patent right to his invention,) was
read a third time, passed by a vote of 16 to 6, and
S-CIIL ;.(_> the house of representatives for concurrence.
The bill establishing a system of navigation for
tl»e United States, was read a third tune, and pass-
*jfci, uitd sent to thft house of representatives.
The other business done will be noticed in its
progress.
April 8. The bill making appropriations for roads
and canals, and the bill to alter the law of costs,
vere, after debate, postponed indefinitely.
.Nothing else of importance transacted.
April 9. The bill making further provision for mi-
litary service* during the late war was further dis>-
<ussed; and the question tried, in more than one
.shape, on the proposition to give bounty lands to
the disbanded officers, every motion for that pur-
pose being however ultimately rejected.
HOUSE OF UKPRESEXTATiYES.
Tlie following were the- yeas and nays in the house
of representatives on T'lv.rschiy the 4ih of April, on
Mr. Wilde's motion, \rhich had for its object to lix
the duty on woolen uiul cotton goods at twenty per
cent, ad vuL
YEAS — Messrs. Arcl:ci-. Hnrbour, Bass."U, Hrad! ury, Brown, Bry.
a;i, Champion, Ciurlv, N. C. Cuf^pLT, Ctrthb Tt, Ki! wards, ForsyUi.
*.»a»con, V-ioliishoiviu;')), G<««iwyn. liaU1, H^rilin, Jiristcr, IK-riii-rt,
Jlugc-r, Hung, rltm), Johnson.y*. Ki-rr.. \'a. King, X.C, Love, Lovt-t.,
i.owu.lt-s, l.iiiiipkiii. Lyu.i. Mill. !li l.iii. MI.OIV, Mostly. iMuiiVcc, N<:i-
>jji, Va. Noys, I'ickn'm, Wi^'rinjr, f Kasants, Uaiuii.lph, Roam-,
iiiit.t, Ko!.», Smith, Va. Talt, Tayioi-, U. C. Tclfair, Thuma*, Vosc-,
AVilcu\, Wilde, \»invy-.-.J.
— M, »srs. Adgntr, Alexander, Atherton, Baker, Bateman.
Brits, BinUal), Boss, li.ooks, Cady. Calhoun, Cnappi'll,
>, CltiuUimin, Coinsioc)--, Coiiiii*, "Crawturtl, Cri-igliioii,
1,1, Uarlinglou, Davenport. DtJia, (iuul, Gnfliu, Halm,
id, Ka-wes, Hciuli-rson, Hoj>kin§on, Mulbcrt, Inghutn, Irwin,
i'ji. Jatksou, Joliiisuik, Ky. Kent, Laiigilon, Lyie, Maclay, Marsh,
}, M*Lca>i, Ky. Milnor, Ntwton, OiMisby,
il, Kuggks, Surgeant, havage, bchenck,
Majrant,
Parrii, Fi|K-r,Filkll»,
.
!. \Viu-d, N.Y. Ward. N..I. Wi-iui.m-r,
AVJiitt-swJe, Wiikiii, WiilougU^y, T:K.S. Wilson, WJA. \yiUoji, V/oud-
(.Wiivil, VVrijjhtj Yaics— 7?
Friduy, AprllS — After other business — Mr. Cal-
houn moved that the house proceed to consider
the amendments of the senate to the national bank
bill. On putting rhe question, ho.vvvr, it was
found that a quorum of the. members \vcrc not pre-
sent.
Mr. Randolph, with th<. view of producing a more
punctual attendance hereafter, moved that the house
adjourn — Negatived.
A quorum soon after appearing, Mr. Randolph
moved that the rule f ) • convening at 10 o'clock, be
rescinded, that the hour of 11 might be again adopt-
ed; which was also disagreed to— -ayes 40.
The house then, by a vote of 45 to 55 agreed to
consider the amendments of the senate to the bank
bill.
Mr. Jtfilnor, because of the thinness of the house
and the importance of the subject; and, further,
because he understood that the committee on the
national currency were on the point of reporting a
very important bill which might materially affect
the decision on the bank quesiior., &.c. moved that
the consideration thereof be postponed to Monday
next.
Mr. Calhoun hoped the motion would not prevail.
The reasons for it he did not think sufficient; the
house was as full as usual; and the bill alluded t»
as on the eve of being reported by the committee,
pre-supposedthe existence of a national bank, and
the committee had determined not to report it pend-
ing the passage of the bank bill.
Af i.er some further consideration between Messrs"
Calhoun and Milnor, in wnich the latter gentleman
insisted on the propriety of first being in possession,
of the report referred to — the motion to postpone
the subject to Monday, was negatived — ayes 43,
noes 66.
Afrer The amendments of the tenate were read-
Mr. Rdi'd'.lph moved, for the purpose <
in;; the bill, that the whole subject be indefinitely
postponed.
This motion produced a long and warm debate,
and wris finally decided in the negative, as follows:
YEAS-M ssrs linker, Ear^om-, Bas^tt, B-n>»Mt, BirtJ*alJ,
Breckeuridge, Buraside, Cady, Caldw !!, CilVy. Chyton, Clo .for,,
,.i»pp-r, Dadiugton. 'Davenpqrt, Df«ba,
Glasgow, Golusborough. Goodwyn, Halm, Haie, Hammond, Hr>nson»
Har.>m,H< ister, li. ru. rt. Hopkins.^. Johnson, Va. Jo!nison,K. Kent,
Laiigdon, Law. L. uis, Lovctt, Lyle, Lyo», Marsh, Mnyrant. Mc-
Lean. Ky. Milnor, Newton, N.>y ••.«, Pickering, PHkio, Randolph*
Hr-,.d H.»a..«-, Hoot, Ross, Ku^'Us, Sargeat.t, Savag". Slu-rtVy,
Smith, Fa. htearns. Strong, Stuart, Sturet*, Tasr^art, Vosf, WaJ.
lacL-, Ward, Mass. Wi-bsttr, Whitcside, Wili-ux— 67.
NAYS- Mtssrs. Atlgate, Alexander, Archer, Atherton, Baert
Bateman, B.tts, Boss, Bradbury, Brooks, Brow ., Brynii. Caihoun,
Cannoii, Champion, Cliapjidl, Chip-nan, Chirk. N. C. C!,- (l.-iihin,
Comstoek, Comlict, Conner, Civigliton, Ctochi ron, Cnthbe t, EU-
1 Gaston, Gholson, Gold. Griffin. Grown
wars, -Ur.>uy. o.-syti, Gaston, Gholson,
nor, JJuw -s, Heiuler»on, HiiRt-r, Ilull>L-it, H
win. PH. Jac-kbon, Jewett, Kwr, Va. K
un^rionl, I'
Ir-
inp, N. C. Lov^ Lowiu),-.,.
i, M'Coy, M'Krt-, MiiWieton, Moon- '
Mim'r-r, Adsai,. Mai». N-lsou, Va. Onnsl.v, Parris 1'ii'k-
r, PJeojanU, Powell, Reynolds, RoVmon, si-lum-U,
th, Va. Southard. Tatc, Taul. Taylor, S. C.
Ilioums, Thr^op, TOVMISVIK!. '1 uck. r. ' Warri, N Y. Wa«l.
ewlov^r, Wl..
L.»..pk,n. Maduv. Ma«oi
ns. r
Smith. Md. S
Ttllair. Ilioums, Thr .
N. J. Wewlov^r, Wl../:u«»ii, Wil-t,-, W,lkiM. Willon^tiby. Thus. WiK
Woodward, Wright, Yaneey, Yates— 9
son, \Vm. Wil»on
The anienmenLsof the Senate were then, after
some ineft'ectuai attempts to amend them, severally
concurretFin; and the house adjourned.
Saturday, April C\_ Other minor bus/ness oei»*
disposed of— Air (Jalltonn from the committee on a
n:i:ional currency, reported a bill for the more ef-
fectual collection of the revenue in the lawful mo-
ney of the Uwited States, which was twice read awl
committed.
This bill provides, that after the 3lst December
next, the notes of the banks which do not by that
time pay specie, shall not be received in payment
of lUbts due the United States; and imposes on such
banks new stamp duties, af.cr the folia viu^ scv
FILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— CHRONICLE.
©n notes not exceeding- 1 dollar 10 cts
Above 1 and not exceeding- 2 20
Above 2 and not exceeding 3 30
Above 3. and not exceeding 5 50
Above 5 and not e-xceeding 10 Igl
A.bove 10 and not exceeding- 20 2
Above 20 and not exceeding 50 5
Above 59 and not exceeding 100 10
Above 100 and not exceeding 500 50
Above 500 100
Of which duties no composition shall be allowed,
but it shall be "specifically collected for and upon
the stamps affixed to the notes hereby charged there-
with."
The house then again resumed the consideration
pf the bill to regulate the duties oh imports and
tonnage.
The remainder of the day was occupied in the
discussion of various propositions to amend the
bill, none of which, however, of j»n important cha-
racter, prevailed. Amongst the amendments offer-
ed, was one by Mr. Tucker, to strike out the mini
urn pries of 25 cents per square yard on cottons,
•hich was widely debated; and one by Mr. Ward,
in
committee appointed on the subject of regulating th •
proceedings of congress, reported two resolution.-,
providing- that the business of all kinds which may-
remain unfinished at the close of the present ses.
sion, shall be taken up at the next session at th«
precise point to which it stiall have progressed du-
ring the present session; which resolutions were laid
on the table
Many bills, chiefly for the relief of individuals,
were passed through a committee of the whole,
and ordered to be engrossed for a third reading-,
Mr. Gaston having announced the decease of the
lion RICHARD STANVOMD, a member of this housq
from North Carolina —
The usual orders on such occasions were adopted
—and it was voted to attend the funeral to-morrow
at 12 o'clock; in which the senate concurred.
Both houses, from respect to the memory of the
deceased member of the house of representatives,
Adjourned to Thursday.
[Mr. S. died at his lodgings in Georgetown on the
morning of this day, aged about 47 years. He had
been a member of tlie house nearly 20 years, and,
at the time of his death was the oldest member.
His complaint was the Erysipelas, originating in a
jium
whic
of Mass, to reduce the duty on imported hemp flora
150 cents to 100 cents per cwt. Both of these mo- common cold.]
lions were negatived. (XTjn the Senate, on Thursday, the llth April,
At a late hour the bill was ordered to be engross- the bill to increase the compensation to certain
ed for a third reading; and the house adjourned. j officers of government, was refused a third read-
ing (and of course rejected) by the following vote;
YEAS— Messrs. Barry, Brown, Daggett, Fromen-
mg; and the house adj
Monday, Jlpril 8.— On motion of Mr. Pleasants,
* resolution was adopted to appoint a committee to
enquire into the expediency of passing a law giv-
«.ti«~ tuna ume, ana tlie question stated "shall 1
bill pass?"— Mr. Randolph moved to postpone it i
.il the next session, and stated his reasons there!
ing the assent of congress to an act of the legisla-
ture of Virginia, incorporating a company to im-
prove the navigation of James's river from Warwick
to Rockett's landing.
The engrossed bill to establish a tariff was read
the third time, and the question stated "shall the
tin-
He was replied toV Mr. Smith of Md. and Mr.
Lowndes. For the postponement 47— against it 95.
_Tiie question then recurred on the passage of the
will; when
Mr. Randolph rose and spoke nearly three hours
in opposition to the bill, and generally against the
policy of encouraging manufacturing establishments
at ail, especially against the propriety of affording
a high bounty, by taxing the community, Sic.
Mr. Wrig'nt also spoke sometime against the bill; \
as also did
Mr. Tel fair, who opposed the bill
half an hour; when
tin. Hunter, Lacock, Mucon, Morrow, Roberts
Tait, Turner, Williams. — 12.
NAYS— Messrs. Barbour, Chace, Condict, Dana
Gaillard, Goklsborough, Mason of X. H. Mason of
Vt. Ruggles, Sanford, Tulbot, Thompson, Varnum,
The house of representatives on Thursday dis-
ced of a great deal of busines "fntir^lv «f o u
posecl
cal character,
of a lo?
CHK-ONK LE,
Ve have no foreign intelligence o an
y import-'
ance since our last paper.
_ The president has signed the bill to establish a na-^
The act shall appear in our next.
tional bank.
From the Mediterranean. Extract ofa letter f»om
- board the U. S. sloop of war Ontario,
•"/ or: JWahaji, JimiKir" 23, 1816.
have been cruising the greater part of th
The question on the pa-ssage of the
and derided in the affirmative as fo
lis were read the tirst and second tune, 'giving u:/
fcc. to b'e noticed hereafter.
••i'-L Jfrili): Mr U
112
NILES' WEEKLY RKGISTKR— SATURDAY, APRIL 13, 1816.
of this having been mentioned when they were land- 1 There arc about thirty auctioneers in New-Yorkv
ed, o\r commodore is dttermined not to comply. [but these do the greatest business.
Appointments by the president and senate. — Corne-
lius P. Van J\rc$s, of Vermont, to be a commissioner
We have haled directly opposite the custom-house, j
v.'ith our broadside facing it.
"The Constellation is in dock refitting; captain
Gordon's health not very good. The Erie, O». > .irio,
Alert, John Adams and sch. Hornet, and the i)u r >
squadron, are here. The Hornet sails in a few da\ s
for Marseilles-and the Adams this day for Gibraltar,
for provisions.
" The Algerine squadron is in po> t, dismantled.
" The Algerine brig was demanded by us at
Cartha£ena, but refused till orders were received
from Madrid.
" The Erie has brought from Algiers, the Ameri-
cans \vho were on board the Spanish ship of the
line Sau Fernando, which foundered near there.
No property was saved from that ship she sunk so
suddenly. On board her were, 40 or 5) women,
soldiers wives. Ail the lives were saved; but rhc
Algerines made prisoners of the Spani. rds. Even
possible exertion was made by the Americans to
save the ship."
FA letter from Cadis says, the loss of the Sar.
Fernando is a serious one for the Spaniards, and
that it was said she had or board about 2UO men,
exclusive of the Americans.]
Massachusetts election. The returns are not y et
all received. We have the votes of 313 towns, in
which there is a republican gain of 4,3>J7. T:;ei e
has been a gain in favor of Mr.Dextev in almost every
county yet heard from. Theresuit is doubtful. The
federal majority last year was 7,391. M •. Brooks
\viil probably be elected by a small majority.
Connecticut election, for governor, Sec. We have
only heard from two places. In jYe?v-/Iaven, Mr.
Wolcott (the republican candidate) beat Mr. Smiui,
the present governor, 23 votes! Norwalk, always
republican, Mr. W. had 129, and Mr. S. 41.
C-vimiAGKNA, £.c. We learn by Jamaica papers,
that the royal chief Morillo is performing the part
assigned him by executing great numbers of the
people without regard to age or sex; in which lie
INQUISITION!
The greater part, and possibly the whole of the
Americans made prisoners at Qarthagena have been
released. Capt. Ahneda, of Baltimore, has return-
ed home. They suffered excessively by the cold-
blooded cruelty and wanton outrages of the roy-
up
L'urracoa and .S'.v. rinain have been delivered
to the Duu-.h.
JSuciios Jlyres. — We h&ve a report by a vessel ar-
rived at Salem in 70 days from Rue IMS *iyresy that
the patriot army sent to assist tluj \vnigs of Chili,
had been completely defeated by the royal forces,
and that great discontent existed in consequence at
Buenos Ayres. We are not disposed to impeach the
verity of this particular article of intelligence— but
".here is so much of royal and commercial cunning
connected with the cast to be given to aft airs in
South America, that we always receive bad news
with great caution.
A Charleston paper of the 29th ult. remarks, that
lor eight -uecks that city had not been blessed with
one drop of rr.in.
Auctinn sales. — The United States' duty on sales
at auction, at 2 per cent, on merch.Jidise, and A per
cent, on vessels, produced as follows in 1815 from
two houses of auctioneers in New-York :
Jhity. Ain't i>f stt/f.s.
Messrs. Hones 8c Town §131,592 30
Hoffman & Glass 47,639 1
$6,579,6 15
under the British treaty, for ascertaining the boun
dary line between Vermont and New-Hampshire and
the British territory.
Daniel Sheldon, late of the treasury department,
to be secretary of legation of the United States to
France.
Herman Visger, of New-York, to be consul at
Bristol, in Great Britain.
Emannel Wambrrsie, of Georgia, to be consul at
Odtend, in the low countries.
Henry Wihnn, of Maryland, to be consul art
L'Oi'ient, in France.
P-'j the preyirlent. — Thomas L. M'Kenney, of the
distric- oFColu'iibia, to be superintendant of indiau,
iiffV.S.'-s, vice Jolin Mason, resigned.
Poru^ATiov. — JVest-.ucird! It is estimated on as
certaiped f-o^s and reasonable data, that the pre-
sent population oF Kentucky is about 527,000— viz.
420,000 free whiles and 107,000 slaves — the gross
population in 1310 was 406,511. Increase 25 per-
cent, in five yca^s.
Ohio. The population of Ohio, in 1810, was
2.10,000— by a late return of her free white inhabi-
1 i ni s over 21 years of age, it is estimated that her
present popui.i.ion is about 400,000. Increase near-
ly 80 pev cent, in five years.
lndiana,\n 1810, had a population of 24,520 souls'.-
T'u- ascertained population some mouths ago, was
about 70,000 — and the present amount is supposed
to be between 95, and 100,000. Increase about 400
per cent, in five years.
There are no slaves in Ohio, and very feiu in In-
diana—in 1810 only 237.
More goods! We have recently had many valua-
ble arrivals at all the chief ports of the United
States from China, the East Indies and Europe,
with vast cargoes of precious goods!
Desertion.' — A letter from England says that all
is ably supported by the holy Inquisition — the HOLY t'ie prime workmen who were sent to build tjhe Bri-
tish vessels on lake Ontario, &.c. have deserted to
the United Slates; and that, hereafter, they will not
send any "for like purposes who cannot deposit t£400
as security for their allegiance! "That's a good one!"
Earthquake or Sea-quake. We have recently bail
two apparently undeniable accounts of the effects
of earthquake's felt at sea, to the great alarm of
those in the vessels; which appeared as if passing,
with "much rapidity over a hard bottom of large
round stones."
The passage of steam-boats up and down the*
wes'crn w tiers, is now so common as to excite but
little Attention. They are greatly multiplying.
TUK LOOX. — From the National Intelligences — A
young man, whose name is Campbell, is now in this
city, for tue purpose of procuring a. patent fora loom
of "the most singular construction we have yet seen.
It docs u'.vay the necessity of warping; and when
once in operation can be kept so for any length of
time; that is, a web may be wove of any desired
length, as the cloth is rolled out in such manner as
it can be cut off at any time witheut stopping the
loom.
The machinery is very simple, and put in opera-
tion merely by turning a crank, and requires but a
moment's inspection to be fully understood. The
warp is taken from bobbins or spools. There can be
no doubt but this new combination of machinery
will j-vent'y red'icethe expence of fabricating clothf
2,381, 651 i and will therefore be of much use to our country.
NIL, US' WEEKLY REGISTER.
No. 8 OF Vo'.. X.]
BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, APRIL 2 0, 1816.
[wuous NO. 242.
JIac olim meminisse juvabit. — VIHOIL.
PUINTKT) AXT) IMTBLISUEn BY II. MI.KS, AT TIIK HKA1) OF » HK.M'SinE, AT $5 1'Kll ANNUM.
Political geography & Statistics
INTRODUCTORY. Monarchical notions and th? belief in
ghosts — education — cases of inconsistency — remarks.
In the editorial article with which I introduced
the present volume of the WEEKLY REGISTER to its
patrons, for a variety of reasons then stated, I pro-
mised to make a table to "shew the population and
extent of the British territories in Europe, Asia,
Africa and America." If the statements below t'.il
«f their political object, they may subserve useful
purposes as a collection of facts.
These things are not exhibited to excite jealousies.
The walk of royalty and republicanism is on differ-
ent ground. But they may serve for a caution, and
especially to shew the ne plus ultra-eff'rontery of
those Who speak to us of the moderation ofthat pow-
er which we have the most reason to fear— a pow-
er that, for many causes, in war or in peace, will
regard us as its enemy. A reasonable degree of
prudence and foresight, with a careful nursing and
encouragement of the proper resources of our coun-
try in its labor and materials, and an honest patriot-
-ism in the people, supported by the blessing of PHO-
VIIIEXCK, is all that 1 would rely on for the preser-
vation of the republic in its march to true glory
and adult strength. 1 earnestly desire the friendship
of all nations, and wish them to deserve it by acts
of justice; but I would equally despise the creature
who should ask "protection" even of the "magnani-
mous Alexander," as I do a certain lace governor
of one of these states who advised us to "si&k i; un-
der the Britiuh cannon.'" The suggestion of any con-
nection of the republic with a regal governmein,
other than for the purposes of trade and commerce,
should be regarded as a sort of high treason; and
if not made punishable by law, ought, at least, to
receive the hearty execration of tvery honest man.
I would have it established as a rule absolute — ne-
ver to be affected by time or circumstance, that we
should avoid every political connection with a ino-
"larchy. Its touch, like the wind of the desart, wi-
thers and blasts and destroys all that is virtuous
and honorable, and prostivtes the freedom of a socie-
ty— as is proved by the history of republics, an-
cient or modern. If there were not so many natural i
and moral causes for the general predilection of
mankind in favor of royalty, I should religiously
b?lieve in witchcraft and the influence of the E-vU
one — it is so strange that people should reverence
that which hates and debases them. A large bodv
of the people of tiie United States are tinctured
with monarchical ideas, more or less — from the
broad ground of Governeur Morris and others of his
class, to that faint and momentary sentiment that
sometimes prevails even in my own mind. The no-
tion that there are particular classes of men, some
born to command and others to obey, l;ke a belief
in ghosts and hobgoblins, has prevailed almost uni-
versally. The one is absurd as the other; but in
most men it requires no little exertion of reason
and philosophy to keep them in due bounds, and to
eradicate them altogether is seldom possible* I
draw this conclusion from a careful examination of
myself, though there are few that will suspect me
of an undue reverence for kings and lords — but so
3t is, while I know these ueonle to be among the
V8.U X.
most deprived and corrupt, the most silly or most
-tupid bipeds in the world, that the idea of them
seldom crosses my mind without carrying with it. a
vsncral impression of their superior worth and intel-
l:;'i-nce, though, like a Jack o'lanthorn, it vanishes
tii'.- moment I look at it. So also I h.ive an idea of
ghosts and hobgoblins. I have had reason and re-
'flection enorgh to conduct once into the midst of a >
grave yard, alone, "at the solemn hour of twelve"
in a dark winter night, to rout "oily from her seat in^
my imagination by ascertaining '.he real character ot"
something that excited my tf-< :• lings aslhappeired to
pass by— -still the apprehension that the dead may
disturb the living, 'is not without a transient effect
upon me at times. I believe this is the case with,
most men. These silly prejudices have their origin
in the EIM-CAT-IOV we receive, and the vile books
that are thoughtlessly put into our hands, while
children. Knaves, interested in the support of roy-
al* y, having1 the command of the pen and the press,
and cbntroling the seminaries of learning, inun-
date the hfant mind with what I had almost Called
lilas/ihcmuHS *t:tf\ :is though kings and lords were
gods, and not ;ria.de of the same clay and with the
same weaknesses and failings, aa the beggar. The
herd of n»w!$ comes in to assist the systematic
roguery of political writers, and so the whole muss
of ^oci'etv is vitiated by prejudice. 7/eiv it in that
the M.TU- shuitM be laid at the root of ike tree. If book-
makers were as cautious to avoid a preference for
royalty and aristocracy as they are to insiii it— arid
parents undui-ory were zealous to teach their chil-
dren th-it Gon i>vu!:e t'sem equal toothers, and that
no distinction existed but by virtue and talents,
laughing 10 scorn old \vives' tales of supernatural
appearances — the next generation would be no more
fettered \vi:a the idea of something sunevbr in the
construction of kings, than be troubled with the
fear of ghosts without heads, amusing themselves by
dancing fandangoes in grave yards, at midnight.
Uut what have these things to do with the subject
before usr 1 believe ihey are calculated to shew the
false jiLugiiieni. l..y wl.ioh we judge men and things,
beina1 ;vc; uli:x\l — .is will appear in the sequel.
Cuahie4 by prejudice, we stem Lo have inverted
what was always considered a first principle of
things. We have been taught that like causes pro-
duce' iike effects. Out we have condemned one mo-
tion fur the very act that we commend in another —
as though ila merii depended on the parties con-
cerned in it, and n.A in useif. Take tiie following
cases in proof of what I say.
1. History has consigned to the infamy of ages,
Uiecoalidon oHl'i-ssLi, Austria and Prussia, by which
PoLmd was dismembered— but the actual blotting of
that country from the map of Europe by the first of
tnese — is vveil. There is no lunger a Pohind — it is
a Russian province; a part of the empire.
2. A Dutchman invited to I'l igland by a party of
"maicontenls," invaded the country with a consi-
derable army— and, joined by "traitors," drove ofl"
the ''legitimate" prince and his family and seized
ihe throne, af;er a great deal of bloodshed, and this
»v.is a "-fhrious rewlulion" An unarmed mar, lands
in France from £#<j, and, by his mere pre, nee, ex.
pels the "royal line" without striking ;. blow, aad
tiiis \\ri.i3 aii usurpation,.
Li
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1816.
3. France organized the confederation of the
lihine as a barrier to her own proper possessions,^
and it was evidence of her ambition. The congress of
Viennu re-organizes the same couhtries us a barrier
against France, and it is a proof of their moderation.
1 •'-. The emperor of France seizes the iron crown
of Italy and places it on his head, and he was all-
gr.isping at pisaer. The emperor of Austria does
tjiie same tiling, and more, and it is well.
5. The British government-priests affect to pray
every Sunday to the Almighty for the downfall of
the pope and popery, while the people of that reli-
gious sect within the British dominions are denied a
participation in the common rights of Englishmen,
and this is for the glory of God. The British go-
vernment itstjlf raises up the pope, cast down by
Bonaparte, and is the cause of the re-establishment
of the inquisition, and for these. also the people are
to sing hallelujahs.'
6. A prince plotting to recover France over which
his family had reigned, is seized by the possessor
of the throne and put to death, and the author of
tins is a murderer — the British government in India
has, for like causes, "put out of the way" from 40
IQ 50 native princes, and they are the "shield of af-
flicted humanity," and "bulwark of our religion."
7. Cortez and Pizarro were hell-hounds for des-
troying ten millions of American Indians to possess
their wealth and territory — the British for destroy*
ing ' forty irii\\io".i of Asiatics for the same purposes,
are "friends of order, liberty and law."
But a volume would not hold the cases of this
kind th;-.t might be adduced, and I shall mention
only three more at present.
8. The 'British philanthropists, lord Caxtlereagh&bd.
the rest, celebrated for their works in Ireland, have
received great, applause for their exertions to stop
the trade in black African slaves, dragged from
their country to till the earth in a strange land —
but the same lord and his companions have purchas-
ed, not only the services, but the lives also, of some
hundreds of thousands of white slaves, dragg'ed in
like manner from their homes at the uttermost bor-
ders of Europe, to fight their battles and fatten
foreign fields with their carcases, in quarrels where
they had as little interest as a negro in tne product
of a West-India sugar plantation. And the "illus-
trious congress of Vienna," who set their face so
solemnly against the trade in black slaves, opened
the greatest market for human flesh that modern
times has witnessed; for they bought and sold about
fifteen millions of mankind as completely as ever
a cargo of Congo negroes was disposed of at Jamai-
ca; the -white slaves being transferred hi like manner,
and receiving new masters without their consent.
The o'ae is called, and justly, a hellish traffic; but the
other i* considered as a restoration of "sdcial order."
9. Who have not heard of the horrible "French
conscriptions?" the miseries they occasioned and
the sufferings they caused? Every body reprehend-
ed them. Bui — at least four-fifths of those who
fought agaiust France were made a military force
of in the very same, if not in a more exceptionable
way, and their march was celebrated by orations,
and sermons and feasts!
10. Who does not recollect the clamor and per-
sccu'uoo against Mr. Jefferssitf by a certain descrip-
tion of persons in the United States, for certain re-
ligious opinions he was supposed to possess, for
v.'iiich lie was condemed, with a rancor unequalled
in thi* enlightened day? Who has yet to learn, that
\hey who were the chief organs of scurrility and
a.Luse of him on this account, did themselves hold,
aijvi now opc:i!v uad uublushin^ly advooate, tfce very
>pinions that they were pleased to ascribe to him
or his moral, political and eternal rejection? And
who shall say that these, who will hardly brew beer
on Saturday lest it should work on Sunday, are not
exceedingly religious?*
These instances are sufficient for the purpose.
They shew us how easily we are deceived by the
political prejudices and predilections, which" have
seen accounted for. I make these remarks the more
freely, for I think that I have endeavored to weigh
tings in the same balance with each other. I never
justified in one what I reprehended in his rival. I
lave considered the principle of them as wrong, and
did not expect a corrupt tree to bring forth good.
°ruit.
If any man who read the Jeremiads of the British
writers in Europe and America, when the power of
Napoleon Konapane was at its heighth, could have
believed them, he must have believed that the Bri-
tish government, compared with that of France, was
is unambitious as Diogenes desiied to appear to be,
when he would ask only of Aleaumder the Great to>
stand a little aside, that he miglu enjoy the sun-
shine; though, in fact, independent of their claim to
the empire of the vast and boundless ocean, and the
entire government of the whole maritime world,
they really and absolutely possessed a sovereignty
over greater tracts of country and many more mil-
lions of men, than Bonaparte ever aspired to govern.
The French empire at its greatest extent, including
the kingdom of Italy and the confederated or vassal
states, had a population of from 65 to 70 millions
of souls. We see below that the British, in like
manner, rule over nearly 100 millions. "Which then
was the most ambitious? Several times was Aus-
tria and Prussia at the feet of Napoleon, yet he suf-
fered them to remain great powers. Have the British
ever imitated that magnanimity in India — have they
given up conquests twice or thrice made? Is there
one right of things for Europe and another for
Asia? And as to Bonaparte himself— who of us have
not joined in reprehending him for the detention
of Ferdinand of Spain as his prisoner, even thougk
the people of Spain were carrying on a war against
France in his name — and how quietly do we settle
down into the usage that Napoleon himself has re-
ceived, whereby the i ights of hospitality were vio-
lated, and he held a:s a. prisoner of war, 'for life, at
<SV. Helena. When the passions of the day have
subsided, mnd' history shall speak of these things, the
names of those guilty of the outrage will never be
mentioned but with execration.
With such resources and means — such rich ami
extensive colonies, supporting a vast commerce,
whereby England can buywmVe negroes to fight her.
battles of the many European dealers therein — and
in fact, with a force of more than a million of men in
arms, located at so many points for offence or de-
fence, the whole sustained by her naval preponder-
ance, let the American seriously consider if we have
not great reason to fear, or at least guard against,
the ever-grasping ambition of that country. JJecol-
lect the sine qua nan at Ghent, by which she would
have arrested a territory from us equal to that of
two of her kingdoms.
This a cui'ious but a serious fact. A very large
body of the political priests of New-England are
avowed Unitarians, and the question has been scan-
dalously discussed, even in the public papers, "Ars
you a Cahinist or a CHRISTIAN ? I reprehend no man
for his religious belief, unless it interferes with the
general good of society, and I hope there are good
men of every eect anc! persuasion.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY. ]
JOPULATIO'jr AND WEALTH OP THE BTlfTISII EMPIUK.
Scillv islands 1,000; Guernsey 15,000; Jer-
sey 20,000; Aldernev 1,000; Sark 300;
Gibraltar (exclusive" of the garrison)
16,000; Malta (including Goza) $4,000;
Heligoland 3,000— : : :
Colonie*, &c. in North America. Canada
300,000; New Brunswick 60,000; Nova-
Scotia 100,000, Cape Breton 3,000; St.
John's, or Prince Edward's island 5,000;
Newfoundland 18,000, Hudsou3* Bay 146
Free \
British We*l Indiu Euro- 1 Slaveg +
colonies. p-'ans, />o/J
180,M«
48fl,14«
732;;?
434.8?f
1
1
*i
<*>
fe
•I,
*i —
S 00
b '«
1|
1
Q
1
1
a
§
i
I
COO^O— ICNI^'OCO — «
833£8£§3 3
CO
s?
g
0
tG O '.£> ^ "* CO O CO i— '
*C CO 00 CO CO O' O '<1 N.
"* — ' •* b- ** »-l C^ O^ V3
<o' cTcT
6
§
CQ
....11. .3.. ..
|g.§.- -
$
co^
K?
•*
f4
*|*
:;::;1I||| :
[-2,008,291
I
^s
fi};
O O ^?* Oi C*t l~^. *n ^* ^i*
C/^-^^^^CO^OOCN C^
t^.
oT
anudca, .;
^arbadoes, :
Antigua, J
St. Vincent, :
St. Christopher's
Montseratt, :
Nevis, : :
Virgin Islands,
Grenada, :
)ominica, :
I'rinidad,
Bahamas, '-
Bermudas, :
Honduras, :
30,000
15,001
3,200
1,28L
'44-1
5UU
2,700
3,600
5,000
170
64.924
470
5UO
350
10,000
V>4Gl
3,iac
1,OOC
400C
401
IOC
2,22:
55C
151
10,000
3,UOO
1,400
1,775
500
200
2JO
400
1,500
b,55l
1,000
33,081
250
350
16,OUO
7,50'
80
! 2,88
60
2,50
2,00
25
1,16
1,50
20
350,000
59,506
36,000
27,UC
3'J.OOO
lo'oou
32,603
24,000)
21.831
10.00U
5,000
3,000
634,096
17,000
24,000
3j500
54,000
67,500
8,000
60,000
25,00i
5,'OOC
28.00C
3,001
6,000
VOOO-rf**^O'— **J*5 »™*
«OCOOC^OCOC^«OC^ h-
.pulation of Great B/itaia and Ireland, exclusive of
y and navy . . . •
)jects in the different dependencies in Europe .
the British possessions in North America . . .
.he West India colonies
the conquered colonies in idem ....
the British settlements in Africa
Colonies and dependencies in Asia .
comp:mv's territorial possessions
-v, armv", marines and seamen in registered vessels
g foreign corps in the British .service
|
|
<u
^3
'£
W
SI
"*j
U|
o
1
a,
-
(b
O
^O
Conquered JJ'c^t-
Jndiu colonies.
Tol)ago, : :
St. Lucia, :
St. Martins, :
Guadeloupe, :
Martinique, :
Mariegalante, :
Surrinum, :
Bcrbjce, ; :
Demaraca andEa
sequibo, ;
Cui-acoa, :
St. Eustatia, :
St. Croix, ;
St. Thomas, :
St. Jolms, ;
Total— W. Indie*
Ij-lESIli^-l'l
*tes if/iff total military force of the empi
\ . . . ^ . 301,000
militia in Great Britain 196,446
teers in ditto . . 88,000
\ and yeomanry in Ireland 80,00'J
i and fencibl.es in the co-
es . . 25,000
TI corps in British service 30,741 —
147,252
es . 32,668 —
h forces in India . 20,000
e army in do. . . 140,000
e do. 913 —
Total . . . . 1
ws 111: the following particulars of tht
ated above:
rland, : : : 9,538,827
lies, t : : : 611,788
itlaml, : : '• 1.805,688
land, : f - : 4,500,000
re ^/iws
721,187
179,92C
160,91:
,062,02(
genera
Totals.
'16,436,30
Britisl
Local
Volun
Mil it i
JiiKti
loni
TPoreii
Nayy
Ma; in
Britis
Nativ
.Marin
He gi
*Em
Wl
Sc«
Ire
Jfc/toK/
100.823 59,13
U,06,S9(
I
Settlements in Africa. ,.J^S
free
if CO/0)
Cape of G;>oc>Hope, : : 20,(
Sierra-Leone, : : : :
Senegal & its dependencies (
Goree •;;••••
50
I00,00i
3',5;
3,'Joi
*M>n
108,29
' Colonies and dependence in Asia
(
i
f
Miscctlt
{>ersun
3CO,00
3,49
1,000,00
1,307,43
\
-1
6j i.oat,*>t;6
NewSotuh Waits & d.-tJei.drncK
a!ooo
lfi,400J 70,4St
17,000| 70,uOi
.dijOS&jnO^iC
Isle of Bonrbou »
Is)f of FruMCe >
Java and iti il.'yciiui-iitic*
j , , - „, j
encics in Europe. Isle of Man 30,000
iDr. C. calls these "necrro labcrers" a courllt-
of the army and navy, &<r.
N1LKS" WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 18-16.
J-'.cst India Company's po&
••/•/•/is
Euro-
peans
*t*»
u.'Sal- :
2,035
743
29,010,968
10 800 974
Scmb.iy : : :
Port ?.I:ulbo:-o', Bencoo
640
60,018
Icn : : :
69
Prince of Wales' Island
Canton : : :
101
23
18,402
St. Helena : :
Army and marine in India
1,522
2 0,1 23
2,000
140,800
25,246
4U,033,162
Army aad navy, iucliniiiig foreign troops, as before stated 671,241
Grand total, - - . 61,157,433
Of whom— IS, '11,796 ;u-_ Europeans.
4.. 008,29 J are natives of the colonies or dependencies
in AiHTi<va, Africa and Asia
7,447,346 are negroes, ciiieily slaves.
6!, 157, 133
The following- is the Doctor's estimate of the value
of the landed and other public and private pro-
perty in Great Britain and Ireland,- .and the colo-
nies, &p.
li.\GLA\I) AND \\AI.*S
Productive private £ £
property,
Unproductive,
SCOTLAND.
Productive,
Unproductive,
-.•I).
.Productive,
Unproductive,
Public {jrubertii in
Ei.8'Urid & Wales
Scotland
Ireland
CoiniTion to Gre.it-
iiriuin :md Ire-
;.. vy,
.r. , ordnance
storey, Sec.
554,660,000
1,543,400,000
271,500,000— 1,814,900,000
239,580,000
33,509,000
467,66'),009
87,000,000
32,000,000
3,U(;O.UGO
9,000,000
45,000,000 89,000,000
G-r eat Britain and Ireland, as above
9 di'iJfiul juries in Europe, viz:
2736.
Isle of Man
Sciliy Jsl-tuds
use}
Jersey"
AJderney
Sark
ihar
.Mult a with Goza
Heligoland
7' colonies aiul dependencies in
J\"orili slmtrica, viz;
CSnadns
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Cape Breton
St. Johns or Prince Ed-
ward's
A.--. fo.mdlaml
iLsdbon's Bay
14 H'est India colonies, SJc. viz:
Jamaica 58,125,298
U-rI>!iclces 9,089.630
A., lKua 4,;";54,i.)00
Su Vincent's 4,006-,866
3,502,050
2,584.^50
2,610,USO
245.400
222,500
7,740,000
36^000
23,413,360
1,022,500
6,973,001)
150,000
46,575,360
St. Christopher's
Nevis
3,783,800
1,750,100
Virgin Islands 1, >93,4;;0
Grenada 4,994,365
Dominica 3,056.- 'JO
Trinidad 4,932,705
rtahamas 2,041,500
Bermudas 1,111,000
Honduras 578,760
14 conquered West India colo-
nies, &c. viz:
St. Lucia
St. Martin's
Martinique
Guadeloupe
2,929,000
362.100
11,090,000
13,611,000
773,000
Suuuam 11,729,000
Uerbice 7,415,160
Demerara and Esse-
quibo 18,410,480
Curacoa 1,187,000
St. Eustatia 415,900
St. Croix 3,728,640
St. Tiiosnas 747,800
St. Johns 538,000
4 settlements in +9fricat viz:
Sentgal, &c. 350,200
Goree 120,100
Sierra Leone 200,200
Cape of Good-Hope 4,100,000
5 colonies and dependencies in
Xew South Wales, Sec. 860,000
Ceylon 10,420,000
Isle of Bourbon 9,528,750
Lie of France 10,212,340
Java and dependencies 7,700,000
East India Company** posses-
fCash, sloras, stocks
j of all kinds, per re-
; port of 10th July,
^ 1812, ' : - : 18,703,368
I Buildings, fortifica-
L.tions, sliips, &c. &c. 12,693,295
fLands and stock 350,438,060
I)uildings,merchan-
dize, furniture, and
( floating property,
j &c. : : " 510,000,000
I Local shipping 593,028
^Circulating specie 180,000,000
Grand total estimated value of the
landed and public and private
property of the British empire in
ail parts of the world, :
100,014,864
75,220,000
4,790,500
31,396,665
1,041,031,088
£4,081,530,895.
#18,120,887,172
The preceding extracts from Dr. Cotqtihoiins
voluminous and curious work, may suffice all pre-
sent purposes, and for the subject we are treating
more particularly of. Yet there appears to have
been a disposition rather to conceal the magnitude
of the British possessions in the East Indies; but
perhaps several changes may have taken place since
the statement was made out; and, besides, several
of the "conquered colonies," £cc. m:.y have been
reoUueii while new acquisitions have also been
gained. The following is an attempt to shew the
NiLES' WEEKLY REGISTER— POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY.
] ]•;.
esent
population and extent in square miles, of
the B itish empire,
in all p:;rts of the \\orld:
EXTENT AND POPULATION OF THE itniTisu
Great Britain and Ireland
Dependencies in Europe
Army and navy
Ionian Isles, under the pro-
tection of G. Hritain
British colonies in N. Ame-
rica, and their dependen-
cies, : : : D
W. India islands, co-
lonies : E
possessions in Afri-
ca : F
C.
— > — colonies and depen-
dencies in Asia, includ-
ing the East India com-
pany's possessions
i. miles. Population
104,656 16,456,303
180,300
671,241
200,000
606,146
732,171
128,977
77,959,304
455
DOC
567,0.50
9,650
160,000
628,700
1,471,41)9
315 miles wide, and may have contained
1,000 square miles. TSourton and the' isle
St. Vincent 100; St. Christopher'-; 100; Mon<
.ml Nevis 40; Granada 20; ; Trinidad 2500£t :V
lamas, Bei-mudas, Virgin J-'.l.r.u's, Sac. ;
)orninica200; totul British West [:viics 9,6;',' 0 square
niles. Population from Colquhoun.
F. The colony of the Cape of flood Hope, as
claimed by the Dutch, is said to have been 550
ong- and
ibont 150,000
of Franco, we believe, have been restored, and we
snow but liulc of the extent of the other settle-
ments.
G. The following- statistical view of Asia (observes
lie editor of the Aurora, on repubiishiyg the arti-
cle in his paper, and no m:m in America is, per,
laps, as well acquainted with the atutirs of India a,
Mr.Duane ) is from a late English publication, and
is much more full and concurrent with the best,
knowledge of that part of the world, than any that
we have seen.
96,934,442
Grand total, :
In estimating the square miles we nuglit have
added perhaps 3,000,000 for the sovereignty claim-
ed by Great Britain over JVew Holland AIK! other
.places; but tbi:; would swell the amount far beyond
what the nature of the thing- could fairly bear. De-
d.icting- from the above 471,409 square miles foi
her wild, uncultivated, inhospitable and scarcely
habitable regions in North America, we may saj
with what appears to me an entire regard to truth
and justice, that the British sceptre governs no]
less than ninety-five mil'dons of the human race, ant
extends itself over a million of square miles of thick
ly populated countries.
NOTES.
A. England 49,4/55; Scotland 27,749; Irelam
27,457 square miles: The population from Colqu
houn.
B. Isle of Man 160; Guernsey 50; Jersey 43; Mai
la 150 square miles. The Scaly islands, with Al
derney, Sark, Gibraltar and Heligoland may have ii
the whole about 50 — in all 453. The ponulutioi
from Colquhoun.
C. The Ionian isles, which to all purposes of of
fence or defence, and of resource and supply, may
be considered as an integral part of the British em-
pire, though they have a nominal independence, are
1. Corfu; 2- 'Fare; 3- Santa Maura; 4. Cephaioni.;;
5. Theaki (the ancient Ithaca).; 6. Zuiite; 7. Cerigo.
They have \;\ ail about 900 square miles and 200,000
inhabitants. As the key of the Adriatic sea, they
are of great importance to the British nation, and
by their position as well as their own proper rcsour-
«.:;<-, open a field for a very extensive and very pro-
li table commerce.
D. Canada has a population of not less th.in 420,000,
and the other settlements are probably better peo-
pled than Colquhoun has stated them to be; bnt for
want of other data we admit his in respect to the last,
and assume 606,146 as the whole population of the
llritish colonies, Sec. in North America.
The extent of these possessions may be thus esti-
Ciated — Canada 150,000; New-Brunswick and Nova-
Scotia 57,000; Cape Breton 4,000; St. John's or
Prince Edward's island 180C; Newfoundland 35,500;
Hudson's bay 318,750 — in all 557,050 square miles:
hut avast part of this country is a howling waste,
and will probably remain so for ever, unless there
be some great revolution in nature. The iJrilish,
*io\vever, claim the sovereignty of the soil.
V .'•i'-.-!J(.a fiQOO; H:irb:uio'-s 110; Antigua 150;
HINDUSTAN.
Bengal, Baltar and Orissa
Acquisitions in Orissa and Hindustan in 1799
Under Bengal presidency,
Madras presidency
Bombay presidency
Total English Hindustan
- " Vassals.
Otiile Nawa'o ....
Peishwa a:id Guicov/ar
Nizam, .....
Mysore Tlajah, Hindu ...
Travancore and Cochin
British anJ vassals
princes 5 Scintlea, Holkar, 7
and other chilis. J
s C
\
Malirattalis,
Xazpuor •
Na|>al 01 Ghorkalis,
Sciksaud Lafoore,
Jotidpour, Oul<-ypoor, Jeyiwgur, and other "
'
Ann-eri of Sjnd, Cahul, Casiine:^, Footan. \
Aisa«), Grand Coollee, and otiier naiives,J
Totul Hindustan
162,00
60,OCr
222,COf
125,COf
10, 0(X
357,0of
1.^.00
53,COf
7fi,00
2?,00l
5,00
5 .16,00'
75,00
53,00
fi.?,CO
54.00
776,00
22^,00
!, 020,00
'filiation
12,000,000
2,500,00:>
J3,JOO,000
2,000^)00
5,000,000
8.000,00^
2,000,OoO
500,00;)
1C1,COO,OC
With tliis
abl correct
ight before us \ve may cor.-.e U) a
conclusion of the cxcent and >
tion of th.e isritish empire in Asia.
Subjects and vassals, for every essential pur.
POJC the same, ...
Recent comiiii'Sts in Hindustan— seizun s
and usurpations in Napaul, the country ot
the St-iks. Stc. &c. ..."
Ceylon, -
New South Wales -
Prince of W-les' island,
Other islands find sL-tticuieists in the Indian
and i'aciiic oceans
Ad.l Kuropeans, including tlicnnny Sin
Total - - -
-Java and its dependencies, and .
and the Isle of France, are excluded from this e:;'i-
inate. The estimate of the "Europeans" 5,i ijiove
countries must be a great deal too lo-,\-; thous;vi i is
true that the hapless Indians are more enslaved by
Ui£fr o\vn divisions, e:\citcdbvthe liriiisli, than Ly
British force. The rntu of the E, -it-India com}'.;;. ",
(those butchers, before whom Cortc- and J-'izur'i-v
sink into mere babes and sucklings in the business
of desolation) io — \v3ien they discover any of the
native powers disposed to live in peace and prosper,
to excite jealousies, and by all sorts of bribery ;ai<i
corruption, brir1^ tluM'ii to cuttii1,.',^ each others
'
throat
\viio beats, so thut massacre
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1816.
has been sufficiently extensive. The wanton de-
struction of the people by such intrigues, and by
arms to obtain or maintain British ascendancy in
Asia, has not been less than forty millions. The vil-
lains guilty of this — talk of .Honuparte's enormities!
In 1779J an enquiry took place before the house
of commons, as to the conduct of the East India
company. General Burgoyne was chairman of the
committee. He says, that "such a scene of iniquity,
rapine and injustice, such unheard of ci'tielties, such
open violations of every rule of morality, every tie
of religion, and every principle of good government,
•was never before discovered; and that, through the
whole of the investigation, he could not find a single
spot, whereon £b lay his finger, it being equally one
mass of most unheard of viilanies, and the most no-
torious corruption." This passage occurs in the first
of more than 300 pages, all in the same style.
Dr. Richard Price was honored with the thanks
of the city of London, and presented with the free-
dom of that metropolis, in token of approval of the
publication from wnich we make the following ex-
tract:—-
"Turn your eyes to India: there more has been
done than is now attempted in America: there Eng-
lishmen, actuated by the love of plunder and the
spirit of conquest, have depopulated whole king-
doms, and ruined millions of innocent people, by the
most infamous oppression and rapacity? The justice
of the nation has slept over those enormities' Will North-Carolina
South-Carolina
the justice of Heaven sleep? Are we not execrated
on both sides of the globe?"
Arms to the Militia.
IN SENATE.
Department of War, April 8, 1816.
SIR — In obedience to the resolution of the senate
nf the 3d instant, directing the secretary of this
department to lay before the senate a statement of Illinois
the sums expended in the purchase or manufacture r"'1! "~"
of arms and military equipments for the militia, in
pursuance of tiie act of the 23d of April, 1808, en-
titled "an act making provision for arming- and
equipping the whole body of the militia of the
United States," and also a statement of the arms and
military equipments which have been so provided
1 /> . 1 1 • j • 1 , • +.1- P • . • /* . .
and of the distribution thereof, in execution of that
act, I have the honor to transmit the enclosed
statements. I am, sir, respectfully, your most obd't
and vc'.-v humble serv't WM/H. CRAWFORD.
Hon. John Gaillard,jiretuicntpro tern, of tlie senate.
(com.)
Siipf'rititfffttlaitt General's Office,
Washington, January 30, 1816.
gIR — i h;>ve the honor to transmit you «i state-
ment of muskets delivered to the several states and
territories under the act of the 3d of April, 1808, for
Sum applied to other ap-
propriations on the settle-
ment of individual ac-
counts, 43,454, 76
Amount carried to the
surplus fiuid in 1312 and
1813, 180,000 00
$953,454 76
Sum expended for the purchase of
arms, $646,545 84
The follo-unng is an abstract of the "partial statement
of muskets delivered to the militia of the several states
and territories" referred to in the preceding—
sufficient in detail for every ordinary purpose.
Previous to Since Dec,
Dec. t-i, 1311,
NeMT-Hampshire . . . 1,000
Massachusetts . . . 1,'JUO
Rhode-Island .... 1,000
Connecticut ....
Vermont 2,000
New-York :
New-Jersey , . . . . 1,000
Pennsylvania .... :
Delaware :
Maryland :
Virginia
2,180
2,000
1,000
1,500
Georgia ....
Ohio
Kentucky 1,500
Tennessee 1,500
Louisiana 250
Columbia district .
Mississippi territory
Missouri
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Total
216
24, .812.
400
2,439
1,000
2,000
500
19,394
3,435
9,350
1,650
4,329
7,737
3,545
3,953
3,065
75
3,085
3,520
114
450
Total.
1,400
3,439
2,000
2,000
2,500
19,394
4,485
9,350
1,650
4,329
7,737
2,180
2,000
4,545
5,453
4,565
1,575
3,335
3,520
114
666
86,257
Banks.
In the council of revision for the state of JY^w-York-,
April 5, 1816.
Resolved, That it appears improper to the council,
that the bill entitled "an act to incorporate the bank
of Niagara," should become a law of this state —
Because the bill is destitute of due and adequate
provision to secure the punctual payments, upon
demand, of the notes of the bank in lawful monies
of the United States. It is a fact of public notorie-
ty, that the several incorporated banks within this
state have for some time past refused to redeeni
Itheir bills by paying the same in specie. A.s this re-
'
arming the whole body of the militia.
Also a partial statement of' muskeis delivered to;:fusal has existed for upwards of a year pnVt, though
Hie militia of the several slates and territories, since' '^he country has in that time been in a state of peace,
the 1st of April, 1813, so far as can be ascertained the evil grows mare inveterate and alarming by the
i' 0111 the returns received at this office, Several \ continuance of such refusal. This is the first in-
ivaporiant returns are yet wanting; as soon as re- i stance of a bill for the erection a new bank since
ceived an additional statement will be transmitted. itue existing banks have discontinued specie pay-
I am, sir, with great respect, £:e. [merits, and the occasion seems to require some new
(Signed) RICHARD CUTTS, land effectual provision, beyond the mere increase
S'lperiiitendqiit general <\f military mppuc.s. | of interest, to guard against the repetition of an evil
Hen. Wm. H. Crawford, s:-ci;mry of war. jnot Anticipated when the existing banks were incor-
^ Total ^iour.t aj>proarjate4 for arming- and equip.;p(jraled. And it appears to the council to be re-
•pmg the mihtu u.dcr _tne act or ti.e 23:1 April.jputfnant to the dictates of sound p.-»licvf to institute,
eighteen hundred and eight, gl,600,OuO OUJ under ti.e present stale of things, any new bank,
'Amotmt transferred f£0m unless the charter thereof tontai^ some express and
this to otner spec j (lecidcd sensc of the legislature, that the duty must
•jpropriations
733,000
i indi*pensabje to pay their notes, on de«
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— BATTLE OF THE BEAVER DAMS. ]
mand, in monies that are or shall be a tender by
law. And if the duty be indispensable, the privilege
of issuing- notes ought to be made to rest as a con-
dition upon the performance of that duty, and to
cease Avhen the condition is not fulfilled.
Ordered, That the secretary deliver a copy of the
preceding1 resolution and objections, tog-ether with
the said bill, to the honorable the senate.
K. TILLOTSON, secretary of state.
proved to have been "to batter down De Coos stone
"house, said to be fortified, and garrisoned by a com-
pany of regulars and 60 or 100 Indians, and cap*
"ture or dislodge the enemy stationed there."
On the same day, that ia, on the 23d June, 18-13,
the picquets of the American army covered ground
to the extent of two miles in front of Fort Gcor^r,
and no more.
And the advanced posts of the enemy, three in
number, were —
1. At St Catharine's on the lake road, nine and an
half miles from Fort George, and deemed the
strongest, lieut. col. De Herru commanding.
2. At twenty-mile creek, sixteen and a half milet
from Fort George, It. col. Hishop commanding.
3. At De Coos stone house, seventeen and r>. h:;lf
miles from Fort George, via Qurenston, and six-
teen via St. Catherine's, lieut. Filz Gibbon com-
manding; and in advance of this post, and one and
an half mites from it, and near the road leading
to it, f c?.mp of 450 or 500 Indians, of which no-
thing had been known,
A plan of the ground is submitted to shey the
relative positions of these posts, how they support-
ed each other at the distance of six or seven miles,
.ying in the form of a triangle, and the point to b?
attacked the most distant of the three.
The intermediate country between the two armies
was, in general, covered with thick wood.
No force was sent out to amuse or divert lieut,
cols. De Herrn and Bishop, while the post at De
Coos should b?. attacked. A simultaneous move-
ment had been planned against St. Catharinc's(lieut.
col. De Herrn) but was not executed.
The expedition under lieut. col. Bccrstler ap-
pears to have been founded upon intelligence de-
rived from cant. Chapin. His information is proved
to have been erroneous.
The guide furnished to conduct the expedition
was the same capt. Chapin; and atn'me or ten miles
from Fort George he was, or appeared to be, igno-
runt of the roads. Lieut, col. Bocrstler took an in-
habitant of the country and compelled him to be-
come the guide.
The detachment was ordered to lay at Queens! on
on the nig-ht of the 23d, and to march early the
next morning. It did so; laying upon its arras, in.
silence, without lights, and having taking precau-
tions to avoid surprise, and to prevent the country
people from carrying intelligence to the enemy.
On the march, advance and rear guards, 'with
flankers from each side, were kept constantly out.
The inkntrv carried in" the!7 boxes thirl v-t.wo • CaPtain CUapin's mounted men formed the advanced
rounds of musket-ball cartridges, and the ammuni- ^a!'.d> :iml .flf^ueiltly pushed out patroles in search,
tion waggon contained a reserve of 5 or 6000 rounds. ! discoveries.
Between eight and nine o clock, morning of the
mile
Battle of the Beaver Dams.
Colonel Jlarsller to the people of the United State*.
Immediately after the close of the late war with
Great Britain", I left the United States for South
America, and have since been to Europe. On my
return I deeplv reg'ret to find, that slander and mis-
representation have not yet ceased to assail my
conduct in regard to the "battle of' the Beaver
"Dams," which took place in Upper Canada v\ June
1813.* A respect for those, whose opinion I value,
induces me therefore, at this distant period of lime,
to publish the following "statement of facts" de-
duced by an honorable military court, from the
testimony of numerous witnesses, and the "opinion"
of that court founded on those facts; believing con-
fidently that this will be sufficient to convince all
candid minis, that although unfortunate, I have not
been wanting1 in my duty to my country. Every
mi statement and false account of the affair of the
"Beaver-dams" .Kiving been given to the public, the
editors of periodical publications and newspapers,
are earnestly solicited to aid the cause of justice, by
inserting this docu:r.ent. Baltimore, April 20, 1816.
REPORT. BALTIMORE 17th Feb. 1315.
Tat cjiirt met pursuant to adjournment.
The court having heard and considered the tes-
timony adduced in this cuse, have the honor to re-
port to the honorable the secretary of war the fol-
lowing statement of facts.
That on the 23d day of June, 1813, a detachment
of the army of the U. S. then stationed at Fort
George in Upper Canada, was ordered to proceed
against an advanced post of the enemy at Decoos
stone house. That a detail of 575 men, in propor-
tions of infantry, artillery, dragoons and riflemen,
accompanied by a party of mounted gun-men under
captain Chttpin, were "ordered for the expedition,
iiiul that lieut. col. Charles (r. Ba-rstlcr, of 14th In-
fantry, was selected for the command; the riflemen
were not furnished according to the detail and the
expedition proceeded without them.
entrenching tools;
lowed by any detachment on which it could
back )ii the event of disaster
march upon the Queenston and
to return upon the same route.
It was ordered 'to !commencecl immediately; and the column quickly
» St D ivH's rn'ifl orrl i ^;)m''n£ into tvvo llnes> fought at the same time t»
at'and U'.« "front and to the rear. Lieut, colonel Battler
No copy of the commanding-general's order now ! was ,at ! ie head of the fu'st> and maJ°r Taylor at the
.„„:„„ r,^u« u.,..i.. : 1.--16-? , , , ; head of the second.
The book in which it was entered, and [
the original have both been lost through the casu-
The action continued upwards of three hours.
alties of war: but the object of the expedition is The Americun troops contended with a superior
-— : _ ! J force of radians, British regulars and provincials.
lay, perhaps, in a great measure be attributed Several changes of position, rendered necessary In-
to a want of information before the public, as my \ circumstances, had been ordered, and executed in
ojictal account of that affair, though received by the ' an orderly and military manner; aivl every oiiicpr
ling general a few days after my capture, ! was at the head of his command, and every company
reached the war department, or bee.1 seen did its duty, a majority of the mounted gWMOtf
j;\ the public— It was suppressed. ^nd their commander pxcepted.
120 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1816.
But the ammunition had been nearly expended —
all the boxes had been exhausted of their car-
tridges, replenished from the waggon, and again
nearly e.xi-.au.stcd ; the waggon itself was emptied,
or nearly so; tiie artillery had but two or three
rounds of cannister, and a small number of round
shot remaining-. The : cat of the d:iy \v;xs oppressive,
and the men exhausted with the length of the action
.and the imrch of tiie morning.
:*;eve'.i:y or eig'i'.y of 1'ne deiachiuent were killed
or wounded— lieut. col. HILTS tier, captain Muches-
i:v, nptair. CummiTigs and lieutenants Marshall and
Bandall were among t!ie
About noon, lieut. col. !)e !ferrn : arrived from St.
Ca hanne's, and brought with him I'M infantry, 25
or ;>.) dragoon^, and some provinc'cus.
The enemy occupied in force the road upon which
the detachment had marched.
Lieut, col. BoeraUer collected the euTctises of his
command, formed them into column, and gave in
person his orders and the explanation of i<is object,
"to clc-.r the IYKU! by a charge and ivtrcat to 'Fort
George." His force under amis wat; dimiiiished one-
third; not altogether by death anil wounds, l)ut
partly from the various causes which conspire to
Thin the ran':-; of all troops during- an engagement. All
the wounded were brought, to the centre of the co-
lumn, and there were but 2 waggons to receive them.
V*' ien tiie column was ready to be pul in motion,
n British officer advanced and demanded its sur-
render; the demand was instantly >,ml decisive^
rejected by colonel Bcei-siler: tiie officer retired and
presently returned with a re-ie'val of the demand,
ig the great superiority of his force, and pro-
;.-; th::t rri American officer should be sent to
view them. Lieut. Kearney, of tiie 14th infantry,
ccordi-.igly sent, but" a senior officer having
come upon the ground, refused to permit the exa-
tion, but renewed the demand for a surrender—
mand was equally honorable to themselves and to
i heir country.
That a retreat from the field, after the force of
the enemy had been ascertained, could not be jus-
tified on any military principle; and if attempted,
in column, must have exposed the men to certain
death in their ranks, with very little means of resis-
tance; if hi/ iliftf»'rsio}i, the immediate massacre of
the wounded, and the slaughter in detail of a mul-
titude of exhausted and tired fugitives, must have
b.-en the inevitable consequence.
That the surrender was justified by existing cir-
cumstances, and that the misfortune of the day is
not to be ascribed to lieut. col. Bcerstler, or the de-
tachment under his command.
And the court is unanimniis in the expression of
this opinion and foregoing report of facts.
(Signed; JAMES P. PRESTON, Col 23d Infy
President cf court of enquiry.
Attest,— LEWIS B. WILLIS, Capt. 12th Inft.
llecordcr to the court
\ copy of the articles of the capitulation is sub-
joined, as also a part of maj. gen. Lewis's deposition:
Piirtic.nlarR of the capitulation made between captain
.»/• i:-".. f!.'nn. the fjart of lieut. col. Jicersller, of the
United Hiatus* tinny, and major DC llcrrn, of his
Jlrituiinic majesty* '•? Canadian regiment, on the part
of lieut. col. Bisliop, commanding' the advance of the
IMtish, re:-t>?ct:-ng the ^irrender nf the force unde:
the command of lieut. col. Barstlcr;
24th June, 1813.
First — That lieut. col. Bccrstler and the force un-
der his command, shall surrender prisoners of wai
Second — That the officers shall retain their horses,
arms and baggage.
Third — That the non-commissioned officers and
soldiers shall lay down their arms at the head of the
British column, and become prisoners of war.
That the militia and volunteers, accompanying
it was added that the American wounded could j the attachment of col. Beers tier, shall he permitteji
then be protected, but if the action recommenced i to return to the United Slates on parole.
they (the Rrkish officers) could not be responsible
for the conduct of the indians.
_ Lieut, col. Korstkr referred to the officers about
Iiiin for their opinion; they deemed it advisable to
surrender if honorable terms could be had, and the
detachment was accordingly surrendered prisoners
of war, the officers retaining their horses, arms and
bagga
Tiie fj:-cc of tiie enemy at the time of the sur-
render amoumcrl to 7 or 800 men, comprising be-
tween 450 and 50 J indians, about 300 re'nilar -md
.....
Signed
ANDREW M'DOWELL,
Capt. U. S. Light Artil'ry
Acceded to, C. G. HCERSTLKI?,lt. col.
Com'dg derach't U.S. army
W. BE HETUIX,
Major com'dg regimeat.
CCCIL BISHOP, It. col.
Com'dg troops in advance.
K.rtract from major-general Lewis' deposition:
"To the sixth and seventh interrogatories this
deponent answers, that he was frequently pressed
J •'"- «~».v, 25 or 30 dragoons, and a small I to send a detachment to the vicinity of the Beaver
number of fencibles; and exclusive of 250 infantry Dams, during the latter days of his command a<
following lieut. colonel Bishop from Tweniv M;U' '
Mile
creek, and arrived near the ground at the close ef
til" prfinn
^nd it does not appear, but the contrary is proved means of the
(so Mr as a negative can be proved) that lieut. col far greater fa
Barretter sent any messenger to Fort George to So strong AV€
demand reinforcements, and to sa
maintain his ground until they
iy that, he would
arrived.
Fort George, which he always resisted, because the
object proposed to be achieved, he considered vastly
inferior to the risk; and because the position and
encmv enabled him to reinforce with
cility than the American army could.
were these impressions on the mind of
this deponent, that when he quitted that command,
he earnestly advised the gentleman on whom it de-
\Vuereupnn the court respectfully submit to the volvcd, to "resist the youthful ardent spirits which
: the secretary of war, tiie following would probably beset him on the subject; assuring
OPINION.
e march of the detachment from Fortress very powerful, would probably be sacrificed;
^ "He:iver D*uns" OJ1 the 23(i and 24t), and be, p
T iat the
June,
IJoerstlei
military manner.
Thauhe personal deportment of lieut. col Jterst
'" "' J1'6,':,':''0","1'-1' «•»•»«* -»• tha, of
him that any detachment sent on that service, un-
tuuler the command of lieut. colonel
was i made m an orderly, vijrilant and
perhaps, thereby, disenabled to take pos-
session of the heights when the necessary transpor-
tation could be furnished, which this deponent was
of opinion ought to be done.*
• What think~ywTof this, reader? Major general Lewis having
been gone but a tew days from Fort G; orge, when, notwithstani
ing the salutary advict- he had given, coloiu-1 Bcerstl. r WMJeM
, and the con to S" «POT> this identical txu.ilition; lor the then aujutam ge^er-
officers and men under his ™™ i al ha* t'stlfied b(ilore tlie eourt that ,il was not colonel
-" unaei Uib com- j r«guUr tour of duty, agreeably to the roster.
S' WEEKLY REGISTER— BATTLE OF THE BEAVER DAMS. 121
DIAGRAM,
To shew the relative positions, distances, &c. attached by the court to the proceedings in
th,j case of colonel Boerstler.
Port Niagara.
"SS-S
'o«
122 JMLB8' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1816,
British Parliament.
norsE of roM.Mows — FEBRUARY 12, 1816.
Financial state o/ the Nation. — The chancellor
of the exchequer moved, that the house should
resolve itself into a committee of supply, and that
the estimate for the present year should be referred
to the same. The house accordingly went into the
committee.
The chancellor of the exchequer should first
state to the house how the government stood with
regard to exchequer bills. Bills to the amount
of twelve millions and a half were to be provid-
ed for, which were issued on the 15th November
last. Others were becoming1 due, to the amount
of four millions and a half, and one million and
a half had been left unprovided for from the for-
mer year. It had been expected that he should
commence the proceeding's of the committee by a
general statement of the supply of ways and means
for the year, which he had agreed to, though it had
not been usual on former occasions. At a time
when this country had escaped from the imminent
dangers by which .she had been surrounded, and
v/hen notwithstanding1, complaints were made of
great distress, such a general view might be ne-
cessary to form a judgment of our precise situation.
The house would be aware that he would labor un-
der considerable difficulty in making- such a state-
ment, but he should endeavor to state the supply
upon such a scale as to leave room for considerable
alterations, if afterwards found necessary. The
house would see as well as he did the peculiar crisis
in which we were placed, which was unexampled in
history, though not less on that account, redounding
to our honor. We had arrived at length at the end
of a war which was begun and concluded for the
preservation of the liberties of mankind.
With respect to the distresses of the country,
the people had only to exercise that firmness from
whicii we had seen so many grand results; a line
of conduct had been pursued, which had been
recommended by that house, and he hoped never
recommended in vain, and from such, a line of
persevering conduct it was that the people might
look forward to prosperity restored, and the com-
merce of their country revived. He should take
a short view of the stale of the finances at the
beginning of the present year and the close of the
last. He should likewise be induced to enter into
a short review of the difficulties of the country. He
should then take a general view of the supply that
•would be proposed at another time, and of the ways
The increase of something1 more than a million
whicii appeared in the total amount was satisfacto-
ry, inasmuch as it shewed the flourishing state of
the revenue, notwithstanding all the difficulties the
country had to encounter. He should remind the
house that several large sums were granted to meet
the danger which we were about to encounter du-
ring the last session of parliament. The contest
was almost miraculously ended in a much shorter
time than had been expected, and in a manner that
would hand down our names and the deeds of our
countrymen with honor to posterity. The supply
was granted on the 14th of June, and he had re-
membered that it was suggested in the house, that
it would full as much short of the wants of the coun-
try as the grants of former periods had done; and
that to suppose that the allied armies' could pene-
trate into Franc e,wss ridiculous and absurd. Scarce-
ly a day had elapsed from the granting of the sup-
ply, when the attack upon Cbarleroi commenced and
was followed by the flight of the chief of the ene-
my and the downfall of his empire. The unfunded
debt had been reduced by the payment of
21,000,0007. and since it had "been reduced by as
much more; so that the whole unfunded debt had
been brought down from 68,547,000 to 47,700,0007,
He should now shortly enter upon the state of
our commerce. The British manufactures exported
in the three-fourths of the year, ending October 10»
1814, amounted to 37,167,0007. and in three-fourths
ending October 10, 1815, to 42,425,0007. The cot-
ton manufactures exported in 1814, amounted to
13,169,0007. and in 1815, to 15,376,0007. The ex-
portation of linen had been considerably more than
n former years. The wool exported in 1814pro-
luced 6,141,0007. and in 1815, 8,844,0007. By this
evident increase of the exports of our manufactures,
he did not mean to imply that the country was not
really in a state of distress, but the causes of our
situation should be considered. He would have the
house to remember what material alterations had
taken place in the price of articles, inconsequence
of the vicissitudes of the war. If the sum which
might be wanted should be raised at once, and in
one loan, it might greatly increase the public dis-
tress; but if the money that was required shoubd be
taken, as it were a guinea from every man, the
great mass of population would feel very little ad-
ditional inconvenience. Of the taxes, he hoped
many would be made less oppressive than they for-
merly had been, and some, perhaps, entirely abolish-
ed. He intended considerably to reduce the rate
and means which would be most likely to meet!°f the tenants' part of the property tax, which had
this supply. First, then, he should proceed to a pressed formerly too heavily upon the ii-ncultural
view of the state of the revenue in the former and
present year. The customs in the year ending
.January 6, 1815, produced 1.1,059,000/. and in the
year ending January 6, 1816, 10,487,000*.— The ex-
cise in 1814, 24,145,0007. and in 1815, 26,562,0007.
There had been an increase of licenses in the excise,
and some other slight additions whicii had produced
about 100,0007. extra. The stamps had in 1814,
produced 5,589,0007. and in 1815, 5,855,0007. The
post office had been much more productive than in
a former year. The assessed taxes had produced last
year, 6,411,0007. which was less by 200,0007. than
the amount of former years;
arose rather from the delay
but the diminution
in paying than any
failure in the tax itself. The property tax, in
1814, had produced 14,213,000, and "in 1815,
14,3180007. The land t; x, in 1814, 1,049,0007.
and in 1815,1,0790007. The total of the revenue
in 1814, amounted to 65,440,0007, and in 1815, to
$6,443,0007,
interest; and the tax upon farming horses was not
meant to be continued.
The latter was a tax which was peculiarly oppres-
sive to the farmers, and as it had been obnoxious to
them in the more immediate pursuits of agriculture,
theplowing and preparing of their land, he hoped the
agricultural interest would receive a material bene-
fit. The right hon. gentlemen again disavowed any
intention of pressing upon the monied interest for
a loan, and considered that his refraining from any
application for such a purpose would be greatly to
the advantage of public credit. He then proceed-
ed to the expenses of the present year. He should
give a general idea of what the expenditure \umiJ
be, though he could not say that considerable dinu
nutions might not hercafier take place. It cuuii
not be expected that a great comparative cUminuti<n
would be made in the very first year after the vv»,
when it was remembered that the committee of 1?36
'kept up much of the \fcw expemliuu-e three yoi's
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— FOREIGN ARTICLES.
125
Decuct from this for the proportion of
Ireland, -
2,900, OCtt
aner a peace had been made, and some of it ir. 1790,
nearly seven years after that time.
It was tlie 'intention of government to have, as a
peace establishment, 33,000 seamen. Between 1780 j Leaves for Kngland £26,438,000
and 1790, the navv peace establishment varied be-] The right hone?;. blc gentleman then proceeded to
t.\veen 2^,000 and~l 5,000 men. For the expenses of j state the ways and means, which lie was hap]>y he
the navy about 7,000,OG9<. was required. With j could do in a noret attd satisfactory manner. The
respect to the army 25,000 troops were required j surplus of the unapplied grants of last \ ear he stated
&>!• Kiigland, and the same for Ireiand, cav.dry and • at 3,000,0007. There was a reduction in the unfund-
iiifantry included. Three thousand men were like- i ed debt of last year of 21,000,000/. The surplus oi*
wise requisite for the relief of garrisons, &c. The; the unconsolidated fimd of last year, was 3,000,OOG/.
'• "
armv that was kept up in Ei gi;md would not be
ways stationary. Parts of it would fiom iime^to
time relieve the troops in the British colonies
abroad, not only because it would not be politic to
have a number of men constantly exiled from then-
native. country, but Because the British spirit, by
their being frequently changed, would be preserv-
ed unimpaired. Tiic'British army in France would
consist of 50 000 men. 11,000 men were necessary
for Malta, Gibraltar, the Ionian isles, and the prin-
cipal colonies in ihe Meditearanean. The Ionian
islands required mart men in proportion than the other ^
tfolo-nifi, as thru hud not been /oatf ucciint'tmed to wtr\ which might, tend to shake public confidence,
system of laiva; buv they would he lessened by de- half of what should otherwise be raised that wa'-,
grees, us the natives become more habiUated to En- by loan from the bank and half by the property tax.
gland. Far Briu.->h America, including Nova-Scotia, For this loan from the bank, at such a low rate of
the Bahama islands, Sec. 10,000, far Jamaica 4,0'JOjinterest,the restriction of payments in specie should
and remainder of the 'AYsi Indie; 9,000, Tobago, be continued for some time longer. From every
Trinidt'd, £:c. for the cape of Good Hope 9000, tor communication he had with the bank he was per-
C'eylon 2,000. He wished h to be understood, lha jfectly convinced, that it was absolutely impossible
there were many colonial regr.aents in the West "for them to resume cash payments in July, when
indies and p iv ••; . ;( had numerated. Forj the present bank restriction act would expire; but
St. Helena 1,200; in case of necessity 3,000 were i for the continuation of it for sometime longer they
kept in reserve. Toe 'ot-1 force for England, lre-| were satisfied to give an adequate compensation.
but he would take it for this "year at 2,500,000'.
The next item \vas the ordinary annual taxes, which
were 3,000,000.'. The prolongation of the war taxes
lie would take at six millions, though they made
last year upwards of 7,OoO,000/. The next item
was tiie 5 per cent, property tax, which he would,
from the reduction of prices,' and the fall of landed
property, lake, not at seven but six millions. The
lottery he look at 200,000^. The next item was an
advance from the bank of six millions at 4 per cent.;
for as the support of public credit was most essen-
tial to the country, he would, instead of a loan.
land, and the colonies, w:is _'1\0 J') men, or excluding
non-effective men, &c. fV 0 to 90,<>00.
Th army kept up in FIYIKX , idl -y that coun-
try. The contributions from France had Iven re-
gularly paid. Or' ti ;0,000
livreshad been approp ^' •:• .\ '.o ihe p.irpn.^., of re-
warding the English and J*russian soldiers for their
exertions at Waterloo. Tie rp?Tu:v.'fv, v/iili liis
royal highness the prince regent's pleasure, would
be employed in the public expenditure; lie said with
revid/highness's pleasure, for
believed
such contributions were originally a right to the
crown. The sum total of the army estimates was
12,.238,000/. For miscellaneous expences there
would he requisite 4,400,000/. There would likewise
be necessary two millions and a half for the repay-
ment of a sum borrowed from the East-India com-
pany. There was then to be paid to the bank imme-
diately, for outstanding exchequer bills, the sum of
1,500,000/, and there remained due for the arrears
of issues of public service for the year 18i3,9oO,OOU('.
The right hon. gentleman then proceeded to re-ca-
pitulate the various items as follow: —
For the army, exclusive of extruordi-
naries ....
For the commissariat, -
Barrack, department,
Army extraordinaries, -
Tiiere was a diminution in the issue of f-.-\Hita'ier
bills to the amount of sixteen millions; and there-
was a further reduction likely to take place. The
right hon. gentleman was sure, that the entire ar-
rangement would, in point of public econornv, be
not only free from all objection, but be entitled to
praise. The entire of the ways and means for this
country he took at 26,700,000/" He .should be happy
to give any further explanation that might he requir-
ed. He did not mean that this should be understood
as a peace establishment; but merely as a peace es.
tablishment for the present year. Indeed, neither
he nor the house could at. present say how long it
would be necessary to keep such a peace establish-
ment up. But he was able, with confidence, to pro-
nounce, that a very fr,v years would enable parlia-
ment to give every relief to the country thai could
be well hoped for. lie was happy to say, that those
persons whose views of the circumstances oi' the
country were so cheerless and gloomy, labored un-
der very groundless apprc'.i ens ions, when the im-
provement in our commerce, our manufactures, and
our revenue was in the nio-U flourishing degree. lie
concluded by moving a serie:; of resolutions in cou-
£9,300,000 fortuity to bis speech.
680,000
258,000
2,000,000
Making the sum of 12,238,000
For the navy - - 7,OuO,0'JO
Miscellaneous services, - o.Ow'O.OOO
Extraordinaries, - - 2,uuu3UuO
To be paid to the E. I. company this year 1,0^0,000
Outsanding exchequer bills - - 2,2JO,000
To be paid to the bank immediately 1,500/JOO
."he arrear of issues of public money 900,000
Grand total 29,338,000
Foreign Article:
Piedmont is overrun \vUh Austrian troops — and
the Sardinians are treated as strangers in u,e coun-
try whtre their king is supposed to reign. The
country appears exceedingly oppressed.
It is announced that Ferdinand of Spain i'; to mar-
ry the second daughter of the prince regent, of Por-
tugal, and that his brother Carlos is to many his
third daughter.
/Vm? of s.'ot/-v, Lon'lm Feb. 20. — 3 per cent, re-
duced, 61 7-8; 4 per cents. 77 1-2; Omnium, 18 1-4,
17 7-8; consols for acct. 62, 61 7-8.
V
NILES WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1816
The bank of England has offered a loan to the
government of six millions at 4 per cent, on condi-
t;on that parliament will not compel them to pay
specie on the first of July next as was proposed, but
continue the restrictions in this respect sometime
longer.
The prince Leopold, of Cobourg, has arrived in
England, for the purpose of marrying the princess
Charlotte of Wales.
The affairs of \ustria and Bavaria are yet unset-
tled.
Prussia appears in a ferment.
The government
seems hardly put to it to k«ep down the people. To
quiet them, the court has intimated an intention to
give them a constitution. If this be not done, sever-
al German journals speak of a revolution as proba-
ble.
There have been great mercantile failures at Li-
verpool and Glasgo \\--at the latter place, in one
list, to the amount of a million.
Soult has gone to Hamburg. Nothing definitive
has yet been done with sir Robert Wilson and others,
tvho" assisted Lavellette to escape. They were stiii
in prison.
We have accounts from Jionaparte, at St. Helena.
lie bears his fortunes like a man, and appears not to
have descended to ask any favor whatever of his
jailors, from the tirnc of his protesting against iiis
transportation.
: .'I' like
until the morning ofthe 3d, when his servant brought
t > lis bedside a French letter, the contents of which
were as follows. — "Your character inspires me with
so mucti confidence that I am induced to reveal to
you a secret, wi-ich I will communicate to no one
else — this secret is, that M. de Lavellette is still in
j'aris — I conur.it. his life into your hands, as you
alone are capable of saving him."
Mr. Brace's astonishment at reading this letter
mar well be c-ir.ceived, he sent word that he could
give no immediate answer, but indicated the time
and place whither out snould be sent; the interval
was passed, not in political plots and combination,
but in deliberate reflections, on the situation of an
unfortunate man tin-own thus on his mercy and his
honor; he had considered him from the first as a vic-
tim of mi unjust and iniquitous judgment; the re-
vering of the government had betrayed even their
own. doubts; the long time that had elapsed from
the first sentence and his final condemnation, and
the false hopes that had been held out to him by
the king and ministers, had tortvired his mind by
all the dreadful anxieties of hope and fear, and had
made him already die a thousand deaths; the con-
duct oi' his \\ifV had been heroic, ami were it r/;t
a pity she should lose the fruits of her noble devo-
tion; Tiie.sc were considerations to work powerful!}
pu a miiid alive to the impulses of humanity; and i'v
is to be hoped few men so situated -would have de-
v&rld afraid of one man! cided otherwise than Mr. Bruce did, when he deter-
It is stated to be impossible to collect the rents ( mined to save him if he could. His answer was
in Iivland on account of the low price of tlu- pro- j given to that cfl'cct, but there was a pointed avoid -
ducts of agriculture! which will appear probable ance of connexion with any individuals or party
tnoug-b, from tho following prices of provisions at whatever, and he desired to be left, ignorant both o'f
C'orJf} at the latest dates.
1'ivsh beef, three half pence per Ib.
Pork, half a. guinea per av'.
Wheat, 2-f. 6</. per bushel.
Other articles in proportion,
llcv," are the taxes to be paid? Thev are as h
^•i v~*.i *-v MI. ri*i i Jgiiui. tin v uuiii yi
j the writer of the letter and of the place of Lava-
| lette's concealment. Jt was not until after this re-
| solution was taken, and the answer given, that a
sense of the imposgibiUty of accomplishing, singly,
his Object, made him look for assistance to the ad-
h I venturous spirit and generous character of his friend
great tilde equal to the spirit and feelings in wlncii they
Change here. The English are now execrated! arose. Though watched and dogg'ed by the police
Mu-'vighout all Frai.ce. I cannot v/rite you all that in every direction on account of opinions unreserv-
: t pyxing here. The public mind is highly agitat- edly expressed against the Bourbon system, thev
1; arrests are going on every day, a;ul the prisons succeeded in baffling their vigilance, and saved ';•.
nre full of victims. How all this is to end. every man condemned to death, whose escape from pri-
• >;;e asks — and no one can foretell. If it is to finish ' son had caused a tumult in the country, and rati'atU
"i another revolution, we pray it may pass oft' with- (1 ~ r- *•«•!-« <-
'it any more blood a'ied.
"Gui- fellow citizens in America do not know how
;..-ppy .they are under a free constitution. — They, as
iveii as their institutions have become the admiration
of Europe. The partisans of the Bourbons are our
enemies, but the great majority of the nation are
partial to Am eric;:."
CiiAUFOiJD BT1UCF/S STATEMENT.
Pans June 2-1. — You may rely on the following as
the plain and true statement of the the origin and
motives of a late event which has been made the
subject of so much misrepresentation. Mr. Bruce
with whom individually the whole took its rise, had
only the slight acquaintance with M. de Lavalette,
which resulted from occasionally meeting in society
during last winter, a very amiable and well inform-
ed man. From the moment of the arrestation no
communication Lad passed with him directly or in-
directly— his wife he never knew nor ever saw — it
was only in common with the rest of the world that
he learnt of her heroic conduct, and like every one
else believed that the escape was perfected and La-
yalettc out of France. In this belief he remained
the fury of the ultra-royalists.
CONGRESS.
SEVATK .#/'JV/ 12.
The resolution moved by Mr. King, for allowing
Mr. Samlford, of the senate, to give evidence beforV
a committee of the house of representatives, was
taken up and agreed to.
The bill concerning the district of Columbia (au-
thorizing1 the introduction of slaves into tl
trict of Columbia, the property of persons coming
to reside there) was read a third time. On th<
question, "shall the bill pass?" the vote was as fol
loWS:
YftAS— Meisrg. Harbour, Barry, Brown, Fi-omentin, Gaii!:.n
Gokbboraugb, Lacock, Mat-on, Mason Va. Hol>eris,Tait, 'l'.:r.ii".
Williams-13.
NAYS— Mc-isrs. Condict, Daptj^'t, Dana, Gore, Horsey, Hunter,
Mason N. M. Morrow, Kuc^K-s, Sandibrd, Talbot. TiloiDpcon, Tivh-
eiior, Varnum, \Vells, Wilson— 18.
So the bill was rejected.
The bill making further provision for militarv
services during the late war, was read a third t:.nv. .
On the question of its passage there were for it, 1 .
votes, against it 13. Subsequently this vo'
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-CONGRESS.
feccfnsiderecf, and there were, for the bill 17; against
it 13.
So the bill was passed.
Several bills were passed to a third reading1, and
Tiianv read the second time.
The senate receded from its amendments to the
general appropriation bill— which amendments fa-
vored the clerks in the public offices.
April 13- The bill from the house to erect Indi-
ana territory into a state, was read a third time
and passed
The bill from the house to change the mode and
rate of taxation on distillation of spirits in the Uni
ted States, was read a third time and passed.
The senate resumed the consideration of the
joint resolution directing medals to be struck, and,
together with the thanks of congress, presented to
major-general Harrison and governor Shelby, and
for other purposes.
After some discussion on the expediency of adop-
ting such a resolution at this time, and of coupling
the names of gen. Harrison and governor Shelby-
Mr. Lacock moved to amend the resolution by
striking therefrom "major-general William Henry
Harrison."
This motion was determined in the affirmative by
the 'following vote:
YEAS-Me«SM. Dana, Gaillard, Gore, Hunter, King, Lacock,
Mason N. H. Roberts, Tail, Thompson, Tidienor, Turner, Var-
UUNAYS-Barbour, Barry, Condiet, Horsey, Macon, Morrow, Rug-
gk-s, Talbot, Wells, Williams-ll.
The further consideration of the subject was
then postponed to a day in next week, on motion of
Mr. Roberts.
The senate resumed the consideration of the
joint resolution proposed respecting adjournment
which was, on motion of Mr. King; postponed to
Saturday next.
April 15. Considerable progress was made in the
various business before the senate. The bill to
establish the tariff was taken up. Among other
amendments, the duty on clayed sugar was reduced
from 6 to 4 cents per Ib. and that on other brown
sugars raised from 3$ to 3 cents.
April 16. The senate was chiefly occupied this
day on a motion of Mr. Barbour to reduce the duty
on woollens from 25 to 20 per cent. Nothing de-
cided.
April 17. After disposing of other business, the
senate resumed the tariff bill.
The motion under consideration when the senate
adjourned yesterday to reduce the duty on woollens
from 25 to 20 per cent, advalorem, was negatived,
after debate, by a large majority.
A motion to limit the continuance of die 25 per
cent, to one year, instead of three, was equally
•unsuccessful.
An attempt to reduce the duties on salt from 20
to I2i cents failed.
A motion to confine the low d^aes on teas to
such as maybe imported from China, was agreed to.
Mr. Harper moved the postponement of the bill
to a day beyond the session : the question v/as taken
by ayes and noes, and negatived — uyes 3.
" The senate adjourned before it had got through
the bill.
April 18. The senate. was engaged until a late
hour to-day on the tariff bill.
Xo material amendment was made to the bill,
except one which goes to raise the duty on un-
mamtjactwed wool imported from 7 to 15 per cent.
ad valorem.
A motion was made by Mr. Gore to raise this
duty still higher (to 25 cents) but waa negatived.
A motion was made to strike out the minimum
price of cotton goods, which was negatived by a.
large majority. That motion was afterwards re-
newed in substance by Mr. Harper, and was not
decided when the house adjourned.
nous;: OF JIEPIIESEXTATIVKS.
Thursday, April 11 . Many biiis of minor impor-
tance were read the third time and passed. The
bill to allow 100,000 dollars for the capture of cer-
tain Algerine vessels, was ordered to be engrossed
for a third reading — subsequently passed.
The bill reported by the currency committee, to
compel specie payments, was, on motion of Mr. Cal-
houn, recommitted to the select committee for the
purpose of making some amendments in its details
In moving the recommitment, Mr. Culhoun re-
marked that the modification intended was, to ex-
punge a feature [high duties] in the bill, which, if
retained, would probably require more discussion
than, at this late period, the house would be willing:
to devote to it, and that it would perhaps be better
not to agitate the question during the present ses-
sion.
The bill respecting the navy pension fund was
passed.
The house, in the course of the day, refused, oj?
the call of Mr. fluger, to take up the report cT v!l.o
joint committee on the subject of the remains of
general Washington — ayes 43, nays 51.
A joint resolution, requiring the secretary of
state, once in two years, to compile and print a re-
gister of all officers and agents, civil, military and
naval, in the service of the United States, was" read
the third time and passed.
The blank in the bill for the improvement of the
capital square was filled up with 50,000 dollars-
ordered to a third reading— [laid upon the table.
next day.]
The following message was received from the
president of the United States:
To the senate and hou»e of representatives of tli>
United States: \
With a view to the more convenient management
of the important and growing business connected
with the grant of exclusive rights to inventors and
authors, 1 recommend the establishment of a dis-
tinct office, within the department of state, con-
nected therewith, under a director, with a salary
adequate to his services, and with the privilege o'f
f;\;.:king communications by mail from and to the
office. 1 recommend also, that further restraints
be imposed on the issue of patents to wrongful
claimants, and further guards provided againt frau-
dulent exactions of fees by persons possessed of
patents. JAMES MAD1SOX.
April 11, 1816.
The message was ordered to lie on the table and
be printed.
Friday t April 12. Af.cr a variety of other busi-
ness —
Mr. CW/.OZOT, from the committee on an uniform
national currency, reported, in a modified shape,
the bill to provide for the collecting the public re-
venue in the legal currency. The amendment made
by the committee to the "bill, consists in striking-
oat the 3d section, which imposed a stump duty of
I'J per cent on tlie notes of those banks which shall
no. pay specie on the 31st of December next— leav-
ing only the provision which excludes such notes
from being- received in payment of debts due the
United States. The bill Y.T.S committed to a com-
mittee ot' the whole house.
On motion of Mr. Grosvexor, a committee was
appointed to enquire into the expediency of proh:-
126 KITES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1816.
biting-, by law, the exportation of bullion and spe-
cie from the United States for a limited time.
On motion of Mr. Jennings, a committee was ap-
pointed to enquire what amendments, if any, are
necessary to the granting bounties in land to cer-
tain Canadian volunteers.
The house proceeded to the orders of the day. —
On calling- the bill to authorise the appointment of
admirals "in the naval service, Mr. Peasants mov-
ed that the house go into committee of the whole
on that bill — which motion was negatived, ayes 38,
ivoes 54*'
The bill to establish a national university was al-
so e.dJed up by Mr. Wilde, but the house refused
to. consider it, by a large majority.
The following amendment was moved by Mr.
$:tith of MA. to' a bill before the committee of the
whole on Tuesday last, and rejected — 58 to 34.
And be it further enacted, That four months pay
be allowed and paid to the non-commissioned olti-
eersand privates of the flotilla commanded by com-
modore Barney, who were in the battle of BiadeVis-
burg, (and whose times had expired or who had
been transferred to the navy of the United States)
before the passing of the act entitled "An net to
repeal certain acts concerning the flotilla service
a.nd for other purposes, dated 27th Feb. 1815."
Among the bills passed, is one to erect the In-
diana territory into a state.
- tiatnrdtuf, April 13. Mr. M'Lean of Oliio, pre-
sented the petition of sundry inhabitants of Cincin-
nati and its vicinity, praying that some provision
iiiay be made fbi- the support oF col. Zebulon Pike,
father of the late general Pike, whom the petition-
ers represent to be in reduced and needy circum-
stances; which was referred to the committee of
pensions.
Mr. Culhoun, from the committee on the nation-
id currency, who were yesterday instructed to en-
quire into the expediency of prohibiting for a li-
mited time, the exportation of bullion and specie,
reported a resolution that it is inexpedient at the
present time to make the prohibition; which was
read and ordered to lie on the table.
Other business being disposed of—-
The house, in committee of the whole, on the bill
'for providing the gradual increase of the navy.
Mr. Pleasant* (chairman of the naval committee)
•entered into a detailed statement of the considera-
tions on which the committee had formed the bill
and their reasons for deviating from a precise ad
herence to th-e secretary's recommendations. It was
he i»aid, within the recollection of the committee
that in a. report made to the senate in the earlici
part of the session of congress, the secretary of the
navy recommended an animal addition 10 tin- v>v.
j»ent na.vv, of one ship of T-i H,-uns, two of 44, and Uvc
sloops of war of the heaviest, class. The committee
Mr. PlcikSants said, had bestowed much cousidera
t:.:.i on the subject, and aficr obtaining ail the in
formation they could, fror.i the sources Calculated in
their judgments to furnish the best, they had de-
teivmined to recommend to the hous'. tiie provisions
ttuuUtined in the present bill. There would iiave
Veen some difficulty in framing a law in such H v/a\
a*, to have provided for a certain annual addition u
t'tic navy. The timbers and other necessary mate
rials coald not have been procured in such a way us
Xo ensure a punctual compliance with the law. Tli
eonimiUec, therefore, determined to recommeiv
the annual appropriation of one million of dollars
for eight years; this Would make an addition to ou
present naval force of nine 74 gun ships, twelve o
nd three steam batteries; two of the latte;
.o be applied to the defence of the waters of the
Chesapeake, and one to the defence of New-Orleans.
The secretary's plan of adding- one 74, two 44's, and
wo sloops, annually, would have required un ap-
>ropriation for that term of upwards of a million of
lollars. Mr. Pleasants observed, that it was the
ipiaion of the best informed of our naval officers,
hat our funds had better be applied towards pro-
;i;ring heavy ships iinmcd; Aelv: That sloops of .
hough of great use in time of war, might easily bo
jrocured in a very short time by the government,
either by having them built at our own yards or by
"ontract. Indeed, it was the opinion of one at least,
ery intelligent officer, that sloops of war ought not
o form a permanent part of our navy at ail; but
vhen it was found necessary to u:;e them in time of
var, they should be sold 'on tine return of peace.
According to an estimate, said Mr. P. made in the
Beginning of the session to the senate by the secre-
ary of the navy, and which is on the "files of th'n
louse, it will be. seen that to build and equip a 74 gun
hip, will cost §324,862 — ^^ s,irrt} multiplied by
line, the munber of 74's pi-oposed to be buiit in
•ight years, will make g.3,4&,3;758. The building
Jid equipping a 44 gun frigate will cost 26ii,40CI
dollars — which sum, multiplied by twelve, tlm
lumber of frigates proposexl to be'buiU in eight
'C.IPS, will make the sum 3,220,800 dollars. Tfre
hre.e steam batteries they had Allowed to take one
iiiilion of dollars more. Thus the whole sum esti-
uated by the committee, for building the proposed
hips of the line, heavy frigates and steam batteries,
.. 7,684,558 dollars. The committee took the pains
to ascertain, as far as such a tiling could be ascer-
.ainedwith anything like certainty, the capacity of
he United States to m;m a fleet of such a desc'rip-
ion as the proposed additions will give us. From
nformution received from the most intelligent
sources, they have no doubt that such a fleet may
>e easily manned. The present number of seamen
>elonging to the United States, is not ascertained
vith precision; it i:s probably little or nothing short
>f seventy, perhaps eighty thousand. O.ie-fburth
of this number may be calculated on for public ser-
vice. The number of prime seamen allowed to a 7<:,
200; ordinary seamen and boys, 300 — twelve 74's
then will require 2,400 prime, and 3,6*>0 ordinary
seamen and boys; 6,000 in the whole — and so in pro-'
portion for frigates, sloops of war, &c. It was \vell
xiiown also, that of the ordinary seamen and bovs,
landsmen may make up a part, men who can be
taught to handle the gims. The whole expense of
k.i ;-ping a 74 in service for one year, is estimated at
189,740 dollars— of a 44, 134,210 dollars. The esti-
mates here referred to, suid Mr. Pleasants, are
:ak'.-n from the report of the secretary of the nav. ,
'ji-c referred tGj made out in detailed and minute
statements, by the assistance of the commissioners
f the navy, and may, it is believed, be confidently •
relied on. It vvus a remarkable fact, said Mr. P that
from the commencement of our revolutionary war,
this nation had never been engaged in war, but a
luvy had been popular. The revolutionary congress,
sit H very early period of the war, authorised the
building, equipping1 and commissioning of 13 ships of
war, 5 of then frigates. This, for their limited means,
was a great deal. Mr. Jefferson, in his Notes on
Virginia, written duringthe war,Mr.P. believed, tho*
not published till some time after, with full expe-
rience of the immense disadvantages to which we
were subjected in a contest with a nation posses-
sing a maritime superiority, gives it as his opinion,
that Virginia ought to bend her exertions toward-',
ecni ipping a naval force , The amount of tb at fore --
NILES1 WEEKLY REGISTER— CONGRESS
127
not m»w particularly recollected, the passage in
ie notes not laving been lately read; but it was
Sieved thj»- tne amount recommended by him,
ould hav~ cost tne state of Virginia as much at
tat tiiTK> as her proportion of the proposed in-
•ease would now. But, said Mr. P. if any evi-
?n^e were wanting1 to convince this nation of the
•eat importance of a navy as a part of her nation-
defensive means, that evidence has been amply
rnished by the events of the late war — events,
.anks to the gallantry of those who achieved
,em, which have made an impression on the pub-
; mind so deep, that he hoped they would never
2 erased. Sir, said Mr. P. you have your 70 or
),GOO seamen; unless you have heavy ships, this
>rce, consisting of some of the most gallant men
, the world, is lost to the public defence; they
•e not on your militia rolls — they will not enlist in
)ur armies; they may be engaged in a predatory
arfare, as privateersmen — but, I say again, as a
irtof your defensive force, without heavy ships,
icy are lost to year service. Sir, a great deal more
ight be said on this subject. Mr. P. said he had
;ade notes to say much more, but from the advanc-
1 period of the session, not to mention the late
Dur of the day, and believing the public mind to
e made up on this subject, he could not consent
) tax the patience of the house, by progressing i
is remarks — but would with pleasure give any in
•rrmition he might possess, to any gentleman who
jquired it, or answer, as far as he could any pb
action which should be made to the details of thi
ill.
Mr. Clay proposed that the bill be so amendec
s to vest in the president a discretionary power to
wise the steam batteries to be built as soon as
e should deem necessary, without waiting any par
.cular emergency. He referred to some corres
ondence between the governor of Louisiana, the
eneral government and the state of Kentucky, t<
liew the great anxiety felt on the subject of creat
ig at once a proper defence for the important citj
f New Orleans. The erection of batteries could
ot be executed at that point, in case of any tin-eat
ning circumstance, with as much promptitude n
ithe Chesapeake, which was in the vicinity of al
he great resources of the country; and it was im
rudent, therefore, to deny the building until en»er
•ency should demand them, &c.
The motion was agreed to.
After the remarks of several gentlemen, a motio
lade by Mr. Webster to leave the application c
he steam frigates to the president being agreed to
lie bill was ordered to a third reading ?tem. ton.
•Monday, April 15. — Mr. Loiuiides, from the com
nittee of ways and me;ms, reported a bill iucreas
»g the compensation of public ministers (to 12,000
loilars; and a bill to reduce the duties on license
o retailers of wines, spirituous liquors and foreig
merchandize.
The engrossed bill providing for the gradual in
:rease of the navy, was read the third time an
>assed almost unanimously.
The engrossed bill for the relief of the widow
he late general Alexander Hamilton, was read th
bird time and passed — ayes 80, noes 30.
A great deal of other business, not necessary t
lotice at present was disposed of.
The motion appointing a day for the adjournmen
>f congress was called up, and the blank filled wit
Saturday ne.;rt , the 20th inst. and the resolution sei
.o the senate for concurrence.
On motion of Mr. ISctts,
; That the secretqrj of the trcuSwry b
irected to lay before congress at the coinrr.enc>
ent of the next session, a statement as fiill^ r»s the
.me can be made, of the amount of loan-office and
nal-settlement certificates, issued under the autho-
ty of the continental congress, and which remain
utstanding, unsatisfied; designating such us are bav.-
ed by statutes of limitation only, and such as re-
lain unsettled for other reasons.
Tuesday, *8}nill6. — Mr. Forsythe, from lhe.com-
ittee on foreign relations, made a report on the
arious petitions respecting the piaster trade, and.
lie trade of the British West-Indies, recommend.-
ng that no importations be permitted from British.,
olonies in America, or the British West- India isl-
nds, but in American vessels. The report was or-
ered to lie on the table.
The house refused, by a large majority, to cons':*
.er the bill confirming to gen. Jackson, col. Haw-
cins, &c. certain lands bestowed on them by th^
>eek Indians in the late treaty.
The house went into committee of the whole, on
ie joint resolution for the relief of Jas. 1L M'Cul-
och, collector of the port of Baltimore, allowing
~n extra compensation to him and other collectors,
--hose emoluments were materially reduced by the.
peration of the restrictive system.
The resolution gave rise to a short debate, pccu-
iarly interesting from the brief but eloquent narra*
ive given by Mr. Pinkney, of the gallantry of .Mr.
tf'Culloch, who, though nearly 80 years of age, and
exempted by years and by office Vrom the 'toils of
military service, yet shouldered his musket when
he British approached Baltimore, in 1814, entered
lie ranks as a private soldier, and was the foremost
,o meet the enemy at North Point, where he receiv-
ed a wound which renders him a cripple1 for life.
Tlee resolution was also supported by Mr. Smith
and Mr, Wright; and opposed by Mr. Shcliey and
Mr. Grosvenor, not from any want of regard for the.
character and conduct of the petitioner; but on the
ground of the inexpediency of making good the
•educed emoluments of the collectors, who toolc
their offices with a fore-knowledge of its precarious
orofits, and because it was in that character alone
Mr. M'Culloch appeared before the house for relief.
The resolution was reported to the house with*
out amendment and laid on the table.
Wednesday, Jl^tril 17- Af ier a variety of business — ,
On motion of Mr. Euaton, a resolution was adopt-
ed, requesting the secretary of the treasury to
procure all the information he may be enabled u?
obtain in relation to the lend mines of the United
States in the counties of Washing-ton and St.
Genevieve, in Missouri territory, and report the-
same at the next session.
A message was received from the president,
stating that a treaty had been made wiih tlie Cnei u-
kce indians, and requesting congress to make th£
stipulations thereby required.
Several bills were passed. After other business—
The house then resolved itself into a commiuce.
of the whole, Mr. Mson cf Va. in the chair, on
the bill providing tor the collection of debts due
to the government in the lawful money ot the court-
try — in other words to compel the banks to resume
the payment of specie.
Mr. Cuthovn supported the bill. Mr. Smith o£
Md. moved to insert the 1st of February instead of
the 31bt December, as the day on which the biU.
should go into effect — lost, after debate. Several
other attempts at amendment were negatived. The
bill was undecided when the house adjourned.
Thursday Jlpril IB. — The unfinished businesw of
yesterday, the biUfivcyidiu^for c,011<rs,thi«;
128 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1816.
clue the United States in the lawful money of th
country, toeing called by the Speaker:
Mr. "Calhtun stated that it was the Wish of seve
ral gentlemen, that the bill should be laid on th.
table until to-morrow, it being1 in contemplation t<
oiler a section to authorise such an issue of treasu
ry notes as would supply the deficiency ot the cir
dilating medium, which might be produced by the
banks calling in their notes, and providing1 a relic
* for the community, under the pressure which woulc
consequently ensue. He, therefore, moved to laj
the bill, for the present, on the table; which motion
wus agreed to.
The bill for improving the capitol square, after
debate, was ordered to be engrossed for a thirt
reading.
The navigation bill was laid over till to-morrow.
(£/"A good deal of other business of was done —
that which is useftil for record shall be inserted
in our next.
CHRQMCLE,
A London newspaper sometime since observed,
that the American states had formed the "malig-
nant design" of building each a 74 gun ship, with-
out any tax imposed by the government.
Our gallant townsman and friend, It. col. To-wson,
has recently married a daughter of Caleb Gingham,
esq. of Boston.
Mr. Pinchney, having accepted the embassy to
Russia, has resigned his seat in congress, in a ve-
ry handsome address to the people of Baltimore
r>lr. Dallas, it is understood, is about to resign
his office as secretary of the treasury.
Massachusetts election. We have the returns of
428 towns, nearly the whole — they stand thus —
" Mr. Brooks 44,9/9 £ g £ C Mr. Strong 47,974
Dexter 44/257 > 1% I Dexter 41,129
1,722 6,845
Republican net gain 5,123. But Mr. Brooks is
elected by a majority of between 1,800 and 2,000.
The town of Eastport, now under the British flag,
voted for governor of Massachusetts, Mr. Brooks
had 91 and Mr. Dexter 21- It is supposed, how-
erer, that the votes'will not be received.
The republican majority in the district of Maine
is about 6,000.
Connecticut election. We have returns from all
the towns of the state but six, and it is not expect-
ed they will vary the i'c.uul. In these towns, gov.
Smith "had 10,948 votes, and Mr. Wolcott 10,0*8 —
scattering 172; niaj. for Smith for governor 723! —
Mr. Ingerbol, the republican candidate (a federal-
ist, however) has been elected lieut. gov. by u ma-
jority of nearly 1700 votes.
Specie. Considerable quantities of specie ;;re ar-
riving in the United States from various parts.
Grand Canal. A subs.iiiite for the original bill
was accepted in assembly oa ^ri lay, referred to a
select committee, who reported it with -.unciiu-
me^ts on Saturday, and it passed in committee ot
the whole.
The commissioners named in the bill are DC Witt
Clinton, Stephen Van llensseiser, Townsend M'Coun,
Melancton Wheeler, Henry Seymour, Joseph Elli-
cott, Jacob R. Van llensseher, Philip I. Schuyler,
Samuel Young, John Nicholas, William Bayard,
Ueorge Huntingdon and Xathan Smith. The opera-
tions of the commissioners are to be first applied \o
the route between Home and the Seneca river, and
that between the Hudson and lake ChumpLun. The
vxpenditures iirc limited to dolls. 250,0'JO per an-
num, o; \\o millions in the aggregate for 8 year*
—at whir's time their powers are to expire. They
are authorized to borrow this amount. One hun-
dred thousand dollars of the proceeds o? the du-
ties arisiiv; from sales at auciion, and the ci-j^y on.
salt n i fl in the western district, " arc-
pledged f..r the payment of the interest and tV.e
final redcr.ip ion of the principal. The commis-
sioner* are directed to assess 250,000 dollars, upon
the lands h ing- on each side of the route of said ca-
nals, and within 25 miles of the same towards com-
pleting the work. — Albany .Argus.
Detroit. — We have accounts that every thing is
qaiet in the neighborhood of Detroit. Major general
S.Tac'jmb, with about 1500 regular troops, is sta-
tioned there.
KENTUCKY. — The legislature of this state on the
ast day of their session, passed the following re-
solutions—
In.Generul Assembly, Feb. 10, 1816.
Resolved^ by the legislature of the state of Ken-
tucky, That in taking leave of his excellency Isaac
Shelby, at the close of the present session, they can-
not suppress the emotions by which they are agi-
tated. The age of his excellency renders it impro-
bable that they shall ever again act in official con-
cert. They will content themselves with expressing
heir respect and gratitude for the services render-
ed by their venerable chief magistrate to their
common country. Those services will form a part
of the history of the nation, and will transmit his
lame honorably to posterity. They implore the
ilessing of heaven upon his declining age, and bid
a painful, but affectionate adieu.
Jtesolved, By the legislature of the state of Ken-
tucky, That general John Adair, for his conduct in
:he late campaign at New-Orleans, to whom, by the
ndisposition of the commandant of the Kentucky
letached militia, the command was assigned, and
'or his singular gallantry on the memorable eighth
)f January, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen,
and more particularly for the deep interest which
ictook in vindicating a respectable portion of the
.roops of Kentucky from the inappropriate imputa-
ion of cowardice, (accidentally i1 is hoped, but cer-
ainly unjustly thrown upon {hem,) is entitled tc»
he highest approbation and thanks of his countr}'
.ncl legislature.
EXCELLENT SCHEITCK. — From the National Intelli-
yencer, addressed LO the editors — Gentlemen... A na-
ional bank bill has passed; but as it will be long
lef'ore it goes into operation, and as all the banks
nust distress the community by curtailments, and
very article must fail in value by a diminution of
he circulating media n, my plan would be, to or-
Icr an issue of treasury notes, -without interest, of
en millions;; and pass an act that they and specie
iui.il be taken in payments to government, as well
s the notes of b.uiks \vho redeem their own paper-
Viih these notes, a relief 10 present pressures will
e immediately experienced, and the public will
^ve 566,'jOO dollars interest per annum.
P.'IILASTHROPOS.
Nashville, March 26. Gen. Coffee returned home
ast wceii from the Creek nation — having finished
mining ihe boundary lines, agreeably to the treaty
nade by general Jackson, between the Cherokee
nd Chickasavv lands and the tract of country ac-
uirecl by that treaty. We learn that considerable
i^sutisf ction was manifested, both by the Chero-
ees and Chickasaws, in consequence of the divi-
ion line being thus made.
/-A supplement of 8 pages, accompanies thb
lumber.
NILE'S'
WE RK LY fi KG I »T E R.
SUPPLEMENT TO NO S, VOL X
Ilac ohm iiiewinisffe jitvabit. — Vii:';ii..
FEINTED AM) rUIH.ISilKl) HY 'I
. NILES, AT THK HEAD OF CilKA I'RIDE, AT §5 IT:! I AXM'I.
National Bank.
An act to incorporate lite subscribers to the Bank
of the United States.
lie it enacted by the senate and house of represen-
tatives of ih'.; United States <jf America^ in congress
assembled, That a bank of the United States of Ame-
rica shall be established, with a capital of thirty-
five millions of dollars, divided into three hundred
and fifty thousand shares, of one hundred dollars
each share. Seventy thousand shares, amounting
to the sum of seven millions of dollars, part of the
capital of the' said hank, shall be subscribed and
paid for by the Uni'ed States, in the manner here-
inafter specified; and two hundred and eighty thou-
sand shares, amounting1 to the sum of twenty-eight
millions of dollars, shall be subscribed and paid
for by individuals, companies or corporations, in
the manner hereinafter specified.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That subscrip-
tions for the sum of twenty-eight millions of dol-
lars, towards constituting1 the capital of the said
bank, shall be opened on the first Monday in July
next, at the following places: that is to say, at Port-
land in the district of Maine, at Portsmouth in the
state of New Hampshire, at Boston in the state of
Massachusetts, at Providence in the state of Rhode
Island, at Middletown in the state of Connecticut,
.at- Burlington in the state of Vermont, at New York
in the state of New York, at New Brunswick in the
state of New Jersey, at Philadelphia in the state
of Pennsylvania, at Wilmington in the state of De-
laware, at Baltimore in the state of Maryland, at
Richmond in the state of Virginia, at Lexington in
the state of Kentucky, at Cincinnati in the state of
Ohio, at Kaleigh in the state of North Carolina,
at Nashville in the state of Tennessee, at Charles-
ton in the state of South Carolina, at Augusta in
the state of Georgia, at New Orleans in the state
of Louisiana, and at Washington in the district of
Columbia. And the said subscriptions shall be
epened under the superintendence of five commis-
sioners at Philadelphia, and of three commission-
ers at each of the other places aforesaid, to heap-
pointed by the president of the United States, (who
is hereby authorized to make such appointments)
and shall continue open every day, from the time of
opening the same, between the hours of ten o'clock
in the forenoon and four o'clock in the afternoon,
for the term of twenty days, exclusive of Sundays,
when the same shall be closed; and immediately
thereafter the commissioners, or any two of them,
at the respective places aforesaid, shall cause two
transcripts or copies of such subscriptions to be
made, one of which they shall send to the secre-
tary of the treasury, one they shall retain, and the
original they shall transmit within seven days from
the closing of the subscriptions as foresaid, to the
commissioners at Philadelphia aforesaid. And on
the receipt of the said orignal subscriptions, or of
cither of the said copies thereof, if the original be
lost, mislaid or detained, the commissioners at Phi-
ladelphia aforesaid, or a majority of them, shall im-
mediately thereafter convene, and proceed to take
an account of the said subscriptions. And if more
than the amount of twenty-eight millions of dol-
YOL X.
lars shall have been subscribed, then the said las*
mentioned commissioners shall deduct the amount
)f such excess from the largest subscriptions, in
such manner as that no subscription shall be reduc-
ed in amount while anyone remains larger: provided,
t'-.a* if the subscriptions taken a<: either o''t ie places
,iK>resaid shall not exceed three thousand shares,
there shall be no reduction of such subscriptions;
ior shall, in r,ny case, the subscriptions taken rjL
either of the places aforesaid, be reduced behvtf
that amount. And in case the aggregate amount
)f the said subscriptions shall exceetd twenty-eight
nillions of dollars, the said last mentioned com-
missioners, after having apportioned the same as
aforesaid, shall cause lists of the said apportioned
subscriptions to be made out, including in each list
the apportioned subscription for the place where
the original subscription was made, one of which
lists they shall transmit to the commissioners, or
one of them, under whose superintendence Midi .<ub-
scriptions were originally made, th.-,t the subscrib-
ers may thereby ascertain the number of shares to
ihem respectively apportioned as aforesaid. And
in case the aggregate amount of the subscriptions
made during the period aforesaid at all \}\c places
aforesaid shall net amount to twenty-eight millions of
loliars, the subscriptions to complete the said sum
shall be and remain open at'Philadeiphia aforesaid,
under the superintendance of the commissioners
appointed for that place; and the subscriptions may
be then made by any individual, company or con-
poration, for any number of shares, not exceeding*
in the whole the amount required to complete the
aid sum of twenty-eight millions of dollars.
Sec. 3. *>'lnd be it further tmucted, That it shall bo
lawful for any individual, company, corporation OP
state, when the subscriptions shall be opened as
herein before directed, to iiub.scribe for any nunv-
ber of shares, of the capital of the said bank, not
exceeding three thousand shares, and the sums so
subscribed shall be payable, and paid in the msm-
ner following: that is to say, seven millions of dol«-
lars thereof in gold or, silver coin of the United
States, or in gold coin of Spain, or the dominions
)f Spain, at the rate of one hundred cents for eve-
ry twenty-eight grains and Rixty-hundredths of a
grain of the actual weight thei'cof, or in olher fo-
reigu gold or silver coin at the several rates pre-
scribed by the first section of an act regulating the
currency of foreign coins \\\ the United States,
passed the tenth day of April, one thousand eight
hundred and six, and twenty-one millions of doi*
lars thereof in like gold or silver coin, or in the
funded debt of the United States contracted at the
time of the subscriptions respectively. And. the
payments made in the funded d?br of the United
States shall be paid and received at the following
rates: that is to say, the funded debt bearing an
interest of six per centum per annum, at the nomi-
nal or par value thereof; the funded debt bearing
an interest of three per centum per annum, at the
rate of sixty-five dollars for every sum of one hun-
dred dollars of the nominal amount thereof; a-.d
the funded debt bearing an interest of seven per
centum per annum, at the rate of one hundred and
six dollars and fifty -one cents for every sum of one.
130 FILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 20,
hundred dollars of the nominal amount tliereof— • thereof notwithstanding-. And it shall also be lawful
tog-other with the amount of the interest accrued (for the president, directors and company of the said
of funded debt, to bank to sell and transfer for gold and silver coin, or
on the said several denominations
be computed and allowed to the time of subscrib-
ing the same to the capital of the said bank as afore-
said. And the payments of the said subscriptions
shall be made and completed by the subscribers,
vespectiveiy, at the times and in the manner fol-
lowing: that is to say, at the time of subscribing
there shall be paid five dollars on each share, in
g-old or silver coin as aforesaid, and twenty-five
dollars more, in coin as aforesaid, or in funded debt
as aforesaid: at the expiration of six calendar
months after the time of subscribing, there shall be
paid the further sum often dollars on each share,
in gold or silver coin as aforesaid, and twenty-five
dollars more in coin as aforesaid, or in funded debt
as aforesaid: at the expiration of twelve calendar
jn'onths from the time of subscribing, there shall
be paid the further sum of ten dollars on each
share, in gold or silver coin as aforesaid, and twen-
ty-five dollars more, in coin as aforesaid, or in the
funded debt as aforesaid.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That at the
time of subscribing to the capital of the said hank
:;.•; aforesaid, each and every subscriber shall deli-
ver to the commissioners, at the place of subscrib-
ing, as well the amount of their subscriptions res-
pectively in coin as aforesaid, as the certificate of
funded debt, far the funded -debt-proper tiaB of
their respective subsci-iptions, tog-ether with a pow-
er of attorney, authorizing the said commissioners,
or a majority of them, to transfer the said stock in
due form of law to "the president, directors and
company of the Bank of the United States," as soon
its the s,tkl bank shall be
org
mi zed. Provided al-
•ways, that, if in consequence of the apportionment
of the shares in the capital of the said bank among
the subscribers, in the case and in the manner here-
in before provided, any subscriber shall have deli-
vered to the commissioners at the ti;ne of subscrib-
ing, a greater amount of gold or silver coin and
funded debt, than shall be necessary to complete
the payments for the share or shares to such sub-
scribers apportioned as aforesaid, the commission-
er« shall only retain so much of the said gold or
silver coin, and ftnded debt, as shall be necessary
to complete such payments, and shall forthwith re-
turn the surplus thereof, on application for the
fcame to subscribers lawfully entitled thereto. And
the oomriiissiotiv,!-* respectively shall deposit the
p-old MIK! silver c;>iu, uud certificates of public
by tii 1:1 respectively received as aforesaid,
11 and transfer for gold
bullion, the funded debt subscribed to the capital
of the said kink as aforesaid: Provided always, that
they shall not sell mere thereof than the sum of
two millions of dollars in any one year; nor sell any
part thereof at any time within the United States,
without previously giving notice of their intention
to the secretary of the treasury, and offering the
same to the United States, for the period of fifteen
days at least, at the current price, not exceeding-
the rates aforesaid.
Sec. 6. And be it 'further enacted, That at the
opening of the subscription to the capital stock of
the said bank, the secretary of the treasury shall
subscribe, or cause to be subscribed, on behalf of
the United States, the said number of seventy thou-
sand shares, amounting to seven millions of dollars
as aforesaid, to be paid in gold or silver coin, or in
stock of the United States bearing interest at the rate
of five per centum per annum; and if payment there-
of, or of any part thereof, be made in public stock
bearing interest as aforesaid, the said interest shall
be payable quarterly, to commence from the time
of making such payment on account of the said:
subscription, and the principal of the said stock
shall be redeemable in any sums, and at any period
which the government shall deem fit. And the se-
cretary of the treasury shall cause the certificates
of such public stock to be prepared, and made in
the usual form, and shall pay and deliver the same
to the president, directors and company of the said
bank on the first day of January, one thousand eight
hundred and seventeen, which said stock it shall
be lawful for the said president, directors and com-
pany to sell and transfer for gold and silver coin
or bullion at their discretion: Provided, they shall
nat sell more than two millions of dollars thereof
in any one year.
Sec. 7. And be it further enacted^ That the sub-
scribers to the said bank of the United States of
America, their successors and assigns, shall be, and
are hereby created, a corporation and body politic,
by the name and style of "The president, directors,
and company of the Bank of the United States,"
and shall so continue until the third clay of March,
one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, and by
that name shall be, and are hereby made able and
capable, in law, to have, purchase, receive, possess>
en'joy and retain to them and their successors, lands,
rents, tenements, heririitaments, goods, chattels
and effects, of whatsoever kind, nature and quality,
from the vbseribcrs to the capital of the said bank, to an amount not exceeding, in the whole, fifty-five
in some, place of secure and safe keeping, so that millions of dollars, including the amount of the ca-
epmg,
the same may and shidl be specifically delivered
and transferred, a.s the same were by them respec-
tively received, to the president, directors and com-
pany of the Bank of 'the United States, or to their
order, as soon as shall be required, after the organ- having competent jurisdiction, and in any circuit
ixation of the said bank. And the said cuinmis-
pitul .stock aforesaid; and the same to sell, grant,
demise, alien or dispose of; to sue and be sued,
plead and be impleaded, answer and be answer-
ed, defend and be defended, in all state courts
sioners appointed to superintend the subscriptions
to the capital of' the said bank as aforesaid, shall re-
ceive a reasonable compensation for their services
respectively, and shall be allowed all reasonable
their trust, to be paid by the president, directors
ompuny of the bank, out of the funds thereof.
Sec. 5. A;id.b<: it further enncitd, That it shall
i:;'.vf;il for the United States to pay and redeem
• funded debt subscribed to the capital of the
avng compeen us,
court of the United States: and also to make, have,
and UiC a common seal, and the same to break, alter
and renew, at their pleasure: and also to ordain,
establish and put in execution, such by-laws, and
ordinances, and regulations, as they shall deem ne-
li.:, ,4 Co and expenses incurred in the execution of cessary and convenient for the government of the
said corporation, not being contrary to the const*
tu'jon thereof, or the laws of the United States: and
generally to do and execute all and singular the acts,
matters and things, which to them it shall or may
appertain to do; subject, nevertheless, to the rules,
s,u idb..nk, at the rales aforesaid, in sucJi sums, and regulations, restrictions, limitations and provisions
U". suclitimco, as shall be deemed expedient, any hereinafter prescribed and declared. .
thing in any act cvr acts of congress to the contrary I Sec. 8. And b& U further enacted, That for tht
NILF.S' WEEKLY REGISTER-NATIONAL BANK.
351
'iTianag'ement of the affairs of the said corporation
there shall he twenty-five directors, five of whom,
being stockholders, shall be annually appointed by
the president of the United States, by and with the
advice and consent of the senate, not more than
three of whom shall be residents of any one state,
and twenty of whom shall be annually elected at the
banking1 house in the city of Philadelphia, on the
first Monday of January, in each year, by the qua-
lified stockholders of the capital of the said bank,
other than the United States, and by a plurality of
votes then and there actually given, according1 to the
scale of voting1 hereinafter prescribed: Provided
always, that no person, being a director in the bank
of the United States, or any of its branches, shall be
a director of any other bank: and should any such'
director act as a director in any other bank, it shall
forthwith vacate his appointment in the direction of res
the bank of the United States. And the directors, a
so duly appointed and elected, shall be capable of J
serving, by virtue of such appointment and choice,
from the first Monday in the month of January of
each year, until the end and expiration of the first
Monday in the month of January of the year next
ensuing the time of each annual election to be held
by the stockholders as aforesaid. And the board of
directors, annually, at the first meeting after their
election in each and every year, shall proceed to
elect one of the directors to be president of the
corporation, who shall hold the said office during
the same period for which the directors are ap-
pointed and elected as aforesaid : Provided also,
that the first appointment and election of the di-
rectors and president of the said bank shall be at
the time and for the period hereinafter declared :
And provided also, that in case it should at anytime
happen that an appointment or election of directors,
or an election of the president of the said bank,
should not be so made as to take effect on any day
when, in pursuance of this act, they ought to take
effect, the said corporation shall not, for that cause,
be deemed to be dissolved; but it shall be lav.fui at
any other time to make such appointments, and to
hold such elections, (as the case may he,) and the
manner of holding the elections shall be regulated
by the laws and ordinances of the said corporation:
and until such appointments or elections be made,
the directors and president of the said bank, for the
time being, shall continue in office: And provided sixty
also, that in case of the death, resignation or removal
of the president of the said corporation, the di-
rectors shall proceed to elect another president
from the directors as aforesaid: and in case of death,
resignation, or absence from the United States, or
removal of a director from office, the vacancy shall
be supplied by the president of the United States,
or by the stockholders, as the case may be. But
the president of the United States alone shall have
power to remove any of the directors appointed by
him as aforesaid.
Sec. 9. And be it further enacted, That as soon as
the sum of eight millions, four hundred thousand
dollars in gold and silver coin, and in the public
debt shall have been actually received on account
of the subscriptions to the capital of the said bank,
(exclusively of the subscription aforesaid, on the
part of the United States) notice thereof shall be
given by the persons under whose supcriatemlance
the subscript i:)!is shall h*ve been made at the city
,>of Philadelphia, in at least two newspapers printed
in each of the nkces (if so many be printed in such
places respectively,) where subscriptions shall have
been made, and the said persons shall, at the same
lime and in like manner, notify a time and pluco
within the said city of Philadelphia, at the distance
of at least thirty days from the time of such nolifj
cation, for proceeding to the election of twenty
directors as aforeaaid, and it shall be lawful fiJr
such election to be then and there made. And the
president of the United States is hereby authorised
during the present session of'congress, to nominate,
and by and with the advice and consent of the senate,
to appoint five directors of the said bank, though
not stockholders, any thing in the provisions of thi*
act to the contrary notwithstanding; and the persons
who shall be elected and appointed as aforesaid,
shall be the first directors of the said bank, and
shall proceed to elect one of the directors to be
president of the said bank: and the directors and
president of the said bank so appointed and elected
as aforesaid, shall be capable of serving in their
^spective offices, by virtue thereof, until the end
and expiration of the first Monday of the mouth of
"anuary next criming the said appointments and
elections; and they shall then and thenceforth com-
mence, and continue the operations of the said bank
at the city of Philadelphia.
Sec. 10. And be it Jnrtt'ier enacted, That the direc-
tors for the time being shall have power to appoint
such officers, clerks, and servants under them ar>
shall be necessary for executing the business of the
said corporation, and to allow them such compen-
sation for their services respectively, as shall be
reasonable; and shall be capable of exercising1 sue Ii
other powers and authorities, for the well govern-
ing and ordering of the officers of the said corpo-
ration, as shall be prescribed, fixed and determined
by the laws, regulations and ordinances of the same.
Sec. 11. And be it further enacted, That the fol-
lowing rules, restrictions, limitations and provisions
shall form and be the fundamental articles of the
constitution of the said corporation, to wit:
1. The number of votes to which the stockholders
shall be entitled, in voting for directors, shdl be
according' to the number of shares he, she, or they,
respectively, shall hold, in the proportions follow -
ing: that is to say, for one bhare and not more thun
two shares, one vote; for every two shares above
two, and not exceeding ten, one vote; for every
four shares above ten, and not exceeding1 thirtv, one
vote; for every six shares above thiny, and not ex-
ceeding sixty, one vote; for every eigh'i shared above
, and not exceeding one hundred, one vote; and
for every ten shares above onehundred, one vote: bur.
no person, co-partnership or body politic, shall IK-
entitled to a greater number than thirty votes; and.
lifter the first election, no share or shares shall con-
fer a right of voting, which shall not huve been
holding three calendar months previous to the day
of election. And stockholders actually resident
within the United States, and none other, may vote
in elections by proxy.
2, Not more than three-fourths of the director*
elected by the stockholders, and not more than
fbitr-fif Jis of the directors appointed by the presi-
dent of the United States, who siudi, be in ouice a:
the time of annual election, shall be elected or ap-
pointed for the next succeeding. year; and :.o ciirec-
tor siiall hold his office more tlian ihree v_urs ouL
of four in succession; but the director who shall bet
president at the time of an elecuoa may always be
re-appointed, or re-elected, as the case may be.
3 None but a stockholder, being1 a resident citi-
zen of the United States, shall be a director; nor
ll a director be endued to any emolument; bur
the directors may make such compensation to the
president for his extraordinary attendance at the
!:ank, us shall appear to them reasonable..
132 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 20. \8\6
4. Xot less than seven director?? shall constitute a
boai-d for the transaction of business, of whom the
president shall always be one, except in case o
sickness or necessary absence; in which case bis
place may be supplied by any other director, whom
lie, by \\viting, under his hand, shall depute foi
thrit purpose. ' And the director so deputed may do
and transact all the necessary business belonging1 to
the office of the president of the said corporation,
during the continuance of the sickness or necessary
absence of the president.
5. A luirnberof stockholders, not less than sixty,
v/ho, ;a£(. tiier, shall be proprietors of one thousand
shares or upwards, shall have power at any time to
call a gener:-.! meeting of' the stockholders, for pur-
poses relative to the institution, giving at least ten
weeks notice in two public newspapers of the place
\vhere the bank is seated, and specifying in such
notice the object or objects of such meeting1.
6. Each cashier or treasurer, before he enters
upon the duties of his office, shall be required to
k'ivc bond, with two or more sureties, to the satis-
faction of the directors, in a sum not less than fifty
thousand dollars, whh a condition for his good be-
haviour, and the faithful performance of ins dutie
to t'se corporation.
7. The lands, tenements, and hereditaments,
which it shall be lawful for the said corporation to
hold, shall be only such as shall be requisite for its
immediate accommodation in relation to the conve-
nient tran.suclio'i'of its business, and such as shall
have been fomfl^rfe mortgaged to it, by way of secu-
rity, or conveyed to it in satisfaction of debts pre-
viously contracted in the course of its dealings, or
purchased at sales, upon judgments which shall
have been obtained for such debts.
8. The total amount of debts which the said cor-
poration shall at any time owe, whether by bond,
bill, note, or other "contract, over and above the
debt or debts due for money deposited in the bank,
shall not exceed the sum of thirty-five millions of
dollars, unless the contracting of any greater debt
shall have been previously authorised by a law of
the United States. In case of excess, the directors
under whose administration it shall happen, shall
be liable for the same in their natural and private
capacities; and an action of debt may in such case
be brought against them, their or any of their heirs,
executors or administrators, in any court of record
of the United States, or either of them, by any cre-
ditor or creditors of the said corporation, and may
be prosecuted -to judgment and execution, any con-
dition, convenant or agreement to the contrary hot-
v.-'n!) standing. But tins provision shall not be con-
strued to exempt the said corporation or the lands,
tenements, goods or chattels of the same from be-
ing- also liable for, and chargeable with, the said
excess.
Such of the said directors, who may have been
absent when the said excess was contracted or cre-
ated, or who may have dissented from the resolu-
tion or act whereby the same was so contracted or
created, mav respectively exonerate themselves
from being so liable, by forthwith giving notice of
the fact, and of their absence or dissent, to the pre-
sident of the United States, and to the stockholders,
at a general meeting, wliich they shall have power
to call for that purpose.
9. The said corporation shall not, directly or in-
directly, deal or trade in anything except bills of
exchange, gold or silver bullion, or in the sale of
goods i-caiiy and truly pledged for money lent and
not redeemed in due time, or goods which shall be
the proceeds of its lands. It shall not be at liberty
to purchase any public debt whatsoever: nor shali
it take more than at tlie rate of six per centum ptr
annum for or upon its loans or discounts.
10. No loan shall be made by the said corporation,
for the use or on account of the government of the
United Suites, to an amount exceeding five hundred
thousand dollars, or of any particular state to an
amount exceeding fifty-thousand dollars, or of any
foreign prince or state, unless previously authoi-ized
by i law of 'the United States.
11. The stock of the said corporation shall be
assignable and transferable according to such rules
as shall be instituted in that behalf, by the laws and
ordinances of the same.
12. The bills obligatory and of credit, under the
seal of the said corporation, which shall be made to
any person or persons, shall be assignable by en-
dorsement thereupon, under the hand or hands of
such person or persons, and his, her, or their e>xe-
cutors or administrators, and of his or their assignee
or assignees, and so as absolutely to transfer and
e:A the property thereof in each and every assignee
r assignees successively, and to enable sue!* as-
signee or assignees, and his, her, or their executors
or administrators, to maintain an action thereupon
i) his, her, or their own name or names: Provided
that said corporation shall not make any bill obli-
gatory, or of credit, or other obligation under its
seal for the payment of a sum less than five thou-
sand dollars. And the bill or notes which may In
issued by order of the said corporation, signed by
the president, and countersigned by the principal
cashier or treasurer thereof, promising the payment
)f money to any person or persons, his, her or their or-
der, or to bearer, although not under the seal of the
said corporation, shall be binding and obligatory up-
on the same, in like manner, and with like force and
effect, as upon any private person or persons, if is-
ued by him, her or them, in his, her or their private
or natural capacity or capacities, and shall !>•
signable and negotiable in the like manr.er as if they
were so issued by such private person or persons.that
to say, those which shall be payable to any person
>r persons, his, her or their order, shall be assignable
by endorsement, in like manner, and with the like
effect aa foreign bills of exchange now are: and. those
which are payable to bearer shall be assignable and
legotiablc by delivery only: Provided, that all bills
or notes, so to be issued by said corporation, shall
)e made payable on demand, other than bills or
otes for the payment of a sum not less than one
mndred dollars each, and payable to the order of
lorne person or persons, which bills or notes it
ihall be lawful for said corporation to make paya-'
)le at any time not exceeding sixty days from the
date thereof. '
13. Half yearly dividends shall be made of so
much of the profits of the bank, as shall appear to
he directors advisable; and once in every three
rears the directors shall lay before the stockholders,
it a general meeting for their information, an exact
and particular statement of the debts which shall
iave remained unpaid, after the expiration of the
n-iginal credit, for a period of treble the term of
hat credit, and of the surplus of the profits, if any,
ifter deducting losses and dividends. If there shall
>e a failure in the payment of part of any sum sub-
cribed to die capital of the said bank, by any per-
on, co-partnership or body politic, the party f'dl-
ng sh ill lp?e the benefit of any dividend which may
iave accrued prior to the time tor making such,
lavment, and during the delay of the same.
14. The directors of the said corporation shall
jstablish a competent office of discount :u)d deposits
NILES' WEPKLY REGISTER— NATIONAL BANK
IF
in the District of Columbia, whenever tiny law of
the United States shall require such an establish-
ment: also one such office of discount and deposite
in any state in which two thous iml shares shall
have 'been subscribed or may be held, whenever,
npon application of the legislature of sucli state,
congress may, by law, require the same: Provided,
the directors aforesaid shall net be bound to estab-
lish such office before the whole of the capital of the
bank shall have been paid up. And it shall be lawful
for the directors of the said corporation to establish
offices of discount and deposite, wheresoever they
shall think fit, within the United States or the
territories thereof, and to commit the management
of the .said offices, and the business thereof, re-
ivcly, to such persons, and under such regula-
tions as they shall deem proper, not being1 contrary
to law or the constitution of the bank. Or instead
of establishing such offices, it shall he lawful for
the directors of the said corporation, from time to
Sec. 1.3. And be it further enacted, That if the sai<,.
corporation shall advance or lend any sum of money
for the use or on account of the government of the
United States, to an amount exceeding five hun-
dred thousand dollars; or of any particular state,
to an amount exceeding fifty thousand dollars; or
of any foreign prince or state, (unless previously
authorized thereto by \ law of the United Slktes
all and every person and persons, by and
s)
with
whose order, agreement, consent, approbation a:id
connivance, such unlawful advance or loan shall
have been made, upon convu-;i;in thereof shall
forfeit and pay, for every such olTep.ce, treble the
value or amount of the sum or sums which have
been so unlawfully advanced or lent, one-fifth there-
of to the use of the informer, and liic residue there-
of to the use of the United States.
Sec. 14. And be it further enacted, That the bills
or noies of the said corporation originally made
payable, or which shall have become payable on de-
_____ 1 „ I . _ 1 1 1 _ _ . • . 1 1 • 71
tame to employ any other bank or banks, to be first' mand,shall be receivable in ,vil payments to thcUnited
approved by the secretary of the treasury, at any
place or places, that they may deem safe and pro-
per, to manage and transact the business proposed
as aforesaid, other than for the purposes of discount,
to be managed and transacted by such offices, under
such agreements, and subject to such regulations
as they shall deem just and proper. Not more than
thirteen, nor less than seven managers or directors,
of every office established as aforesaid, shall be
annually appointed by the directors of ;!,e bank, to
serve one ye.ir : they shall choose a president from
their own number: each of them shall be a citizen
of the United States, and a resident of the state,
ttrri'.ory or district wherein such office is estab-
lished; and not more than three-fourths of the said
States, unless otherwise directed by act. of congress.
Sec. 15. And be it further enacted, That during
the continuance of this act, and whenever required by
the secretary of the treasury, the said corporation
shall give the necessary facilities for transferring thc-
public funds from place to place, wirliin the United.
States or the territories thereof, and for distributing
the same in payment of the public creditors, without
charging commissions or claiming allowance on ac-
count of difference of exchange, and shall also do
and perform the several and respective duties of
the commissioners of loans for the several states, or
any one or more of them, whenever required bv law.
D «.!»•» iT rt ...» * _ *^ /•*-. i ,"
pos
Sec. 16. And be it further enacted, Tnat the
isites of ihe money of the United States, in ni:
de-
States, in places
managers or directors, in office at the time of anjin which the said bank a:ul bra.iches thereof mav
annual appointment, shall be re-appointed for the be established, shall be made ii\ said bank or
next succeeding year; and no director shall hold
his office more than three years out of four, in
succession; but the president may be always re-ap-
pointed.
15. The officer at the head of the treasury depart-
ment of the United States shall be furnished, from
time to time, as often as he may require, not ex-
ceeding once a week, with statements of the amount
branches thereof, unless the secretary of thetrcas
shall at any time otherwise order and direct; in
which case the secretary of tire treasury shall
immediately lay before congress, if in session, if
net, immediately after the commencement of the
next session, the reasons of .such order or duxciii,::
Sec. 17. And be it further enacted, That, the said
corporation shall not at any lime suspend or
nfivm^nt in ar\W1 ofirl u-ii-**^i» ^»P ..ii\- ,**•" i* ~
of the capital stock of the said corporation and of payment in gold and silver, of any of its notes, bill?.
the debts due to the same; of the monies deposited! or obligations; nor of any monies received upon de-
therein; of the notes in circulation, and of the specie posite in said bank, or in any of its offices of dis
in hand; and shall have a right to inspect such ge-l count and deposite. And ii' the said corporation
neral accounts in the books of the bank as Shall! shall at any time refuse or neglect to pay on dc -
relate to the said statement : Provided, that this! in and any bill, note or obligation issued by the cor
shall not be construed to imply a right of inspectin
the account of any private individual or individuals
with the bank.
16. No stockholder, unless he be a citizen of the
United States, shall vot. in the choice of directors.
17. No note shall be issued of less amount than
five dollars.
Sec. 12. And be it further enacted, That if the said
corporation, or any person or persons, fur or to the
use of the same, shall deal or trade in buying or
selling goods, wares, merchandize or commodities
whatsoever, contrary to the provisions of this act,
all and every person and persons, by whom any
order or direction for so dealing or trading shall
have been given; and all and every person and per-'j hereafter enact laws enforcing and regulating the
sons who shall have been concerned as parties or recovery of the amount' of the notes, bills, obli-
agents therein, shall forfeit and lose treble the value gations or other debts, of which payment shall hare
of the goods, wares, merchandize and commodities been refu.^-1 as aforesaid, with the rate of interest
in which such dealing and trade shall have been; above mentioned, vesting jurisdiction for that pur-
one half thereof to vhe use of the informer, and the pose in any courts, either of law or equity, of the
Other half to the use of the United States, to be] United States, or territories thereof, or of the
l'«coveiTd in rtny action of lav/ v.'idi cosies of suit ] several states, as thcv may <.!eeiu expedient.
poratroh, according to the contract, promise
dertaking therein expressed; or shall neglect or
refuse to pay on demand any monies received in
said bank, or in any or' its officer aforesaid, on de-
posite, to the person or person:, entitled to receive
the same, then, and in every such case, the holder
of such note, bill or obligation, or the person or
persons entitled to demand and receive such monies
as aforesaid, shall respectively be entitled to receive
and recover interest on the said bills, notes, obli-
gations or monies, until the same shall be fuliv
pajd and satisfied, at the rate of twelve per centum
per annum from the time of such demand as afore-
said: Provided, That congress may at any time
13 i NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1816.
Sec. 18. And be it further enacted, That if any
person shall falsely make, forge or counterfeit, or
cause or procure to be falsely made, "or^edor coun-
terfeited, or willingly aid and assist in falsely mak
ing1, forcing or counterfeiting any bill or note in im-
itation of or purporting to be a' bill or note issued
by order of the president, directors and company
of the said bank, or any order or check oil the said
bank or corporation, or any cashier thereof; or shall
falsely alter, or cause or procure to be falsely
altered, or willingly aid or assist in falsely
altering any bill or note issued by order of the pre-
sident, directors and company of the said bank, or
any order or check on the said bank or corpora-
tion, or any cashier thereof; or shall pass, utter or
publish as true any false, forged or counterfeited
bill or note purporting to be a bill or note issued by
order of the president, directors and company of
the said bank; or any false, forged or counterfeited
order or check upon the said bank or corporation,
or any cashier thereof, knowing the same to be false-
ly forged or counterfeited; or shall pass, utter or
publish, or attempt to pass, uttter, or publish as
true any falsely altered bill or note issued by or-
der of the president, directors, and company of the
said bank, or any falsely altered order or check on
the said bank or corporation, or any cashier thereof,
knowing the same to be falsely altered with inten-
tion to defraud the said corporation or any other
body politic or person; or shall sell, utter, or deliver,
9i' cause to be sold, uttered, or delivered, any forged
or counterfeit note or bill in imitation, or purport-
ing to be a bill or note issued by order of the pre-
sident and directors of the said bank, knowing the
same to be false, forged, or counterfeited; every
stich person shall be deemed and adjudged guilty
of felony, and being- thereof convicted by due course
of law, shall be sentenced to be imprisoned and
kept to hard Kabor for not less than three years,
nor more than ten years, and lined not exceeding-
five thousand dollars. Provided, that nothing here-
in contained shall be construed to deprive the courts
of the individual states of a jurisdiction under the
jaws cf the several states, over any offence dcclar-
r;l punishable by this act,
^cc. 19. And b<: it further enacted^ That if any
person shall make or engrave, or cause or procure to
t»e made or engraved, or shall have in his custody or
possession any metallic plate, engraved after the si-
•rr.ilitude of any plate from which any notes or bills
'i'-isued by the said corporation shall have been print-
ed, with intent to use such plate, or to cause or suf-
fcr the same to be used in forging or counterfeiting
uny of the notes or bills issued by the said corpora-
1 ion; Oi- shall have in his custody or possession any
blank note or notes, bill or bills, engraved and print-
ed after the similitude of any notes or bills issued
bv said corporation, wifh intent to use such blanks,
or cause or sufl'tr the same to be used in forging or
counterfeiting any of the notes or bills issued by
the Said corporation; or shall have-in his custody or
possession any paper adapted to the making of bank
notes or bills, and similar to the paper upon which
any notes or bills of th>; said corporation shall
have been issued, with intent to use such pa-
per, or cause or suffer the same to be used in forg-
ing or counterfeiting any o$ the notes or bills issued
by the suid corporation, every such person, being
thereof convicted by due course of law, shall be
sentenced to be imprisoned, and kept to nurd labor,
tor a term not exceeding five years, or shall be im-
prisoned for a term not exceeding five years, and
in a *um not evc.ec.ding one thousand dollars.
Sec. 20. And be it further enacted, That in consjU,
deration of the exclusive privileges and benefit*
conferred by this act, upon the said bank, the pre.
sident, directors, and company thereof, shall pay to
the United States, out of the corporate funds there-
of the sum of one million and five hundred thou-
sand dollars, in three equal payments; that is to
say; five hundred thousand dollars at the expira-
tion of two years, five hundred thousand dollars at
the expiration of three yesrs, and five hundred
thousand dollars, at the expiration of four years af-
ter the said bank shall be organized, and commence
its operations in the manner herein before provided.
Sec. 21. And be it further enacted, Thax no other
bank shall be established by any future law of the
United States during the continuance of the cor-
poration hereby created, for which the faith of the
United States is hereby pledged: Provided, con-
gress may renew existing charters for banks in the
district of Columbia, not increasing the capital
thereof, and may also establish any other bank or
banks in said district with capitals not exceeding
in the whole six millions of dollars, if they shall
deem it expedient. And, notwithstanding the ex-
piration of the term for which the said corporation
is created, it shall be lawful to use the corporate
name, style and capacity, for the purpose of suits
for the final settlement and liquidation of the affairs
and accounts of the corporation, and for the sale
and disposition of their estate, real, personal and
mixed; but not for any other purpose, or in any
other manner whatsoever, nor for a period exceed-
ing two years after the expiration of the said term
of incorporation.
Sec. 22. And be it further enacted, That if the sub-
scriptions and payments of said bank shall not be
made and completed so as to enable the same to
commence its operations, or if the said bunk shall
not commence its operations on or before the first
Monday in April next, then and in that case con-
gress may at anytime within twelve months there-
after, declare by law this act null and void.
Sec. 23. And be it further enacted. That it shall
at all times be lawful for a committee of either
house of congress, appointed for that purpose, to
inspect the books, and to examine into the pro*
ceedings of the corporation hereby created, and
to report whether the provisions of this charter
have oeen by the same, violated or not, and when-
ever any committee as aforesaid shall find and re-
port, or the president of the United States shall
have reason to believe that the charter has been
violated, it may be lawful for congress to direct,
or the president to order, a scire facias to be issu-
ed out of the circuit court of the district of. Fcnri-
sylvania, in the name of the United States, (which'
shall be executed upon the president of the corpo-
ration for the time being, at least fifteen days be-
fore the commencement of the term of said court)
calling on the said corporation to shew cause where-
fore the charter hereby granted shall not be de-
clared forfeited; and it shall be lawful for the said
court, upon the return of the said scire facias, to
examine into the truth of the alleged violation,
and if such violation be made appear, then to pro-
nounce and adjudge that the said charter is for-
feited and annulled: Provided liowver, every i>siu-
of fact which may be joined between the United
States and the corporation aforesaid, shall be tried
j by jury. And it shall be lawful for the court afore -
jsaid to require the production of such of tke books
[of the corporation as it may deem necessary for
•the nsccrtaiiUTicnt of the controverted fact1-
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SPANISH BLOCKADE.
tss
the final judgment of the court aforesaid, shall be
examinable in the supreme court of the United
States, by writ of error, and may be there revers-
ed or affirmed according to the usages of law.
H. CLAY,
Speaker of the house of representatives.
JOHN GA1LLAUD,
President of the senate y pro tempore.
April 10, 1816 — APPROVED,
JAMES MADISON.
La Peyrouse.
We hare seen some French papers two or three
•lays later than the last Paris accounts received
by way of England. They do not contain any
news of any importance. The principal article
of interest is an account of the fate of the unfortu-
nate La Peyrouse, recently obtained from Dagelet,
the astronomer, who accompanied the expedition,
and who was in the course of the last year taken
from a rock at the eastward of the Phillipine Isl-
ands.
La Peyrouse was born in France in 1741. He dis-
tinguished himself by many years services in the
early part of his life. "During the American war, he
served under count d'Estaing. and distinguished
himself at the taking of Grenada. After the peace
of 1783, he was selected by Louis XVI. to command
the Astrolabe and Brovxsole on a vovage of discovery.
He began his voyage by following the track of capt.
Cook, visited the north-west coast, advanced to Be-
koing's streights, thence down the eastern coast of
Asia, along Japan, and in February, 1788, visited
Botany Bay. A narrative of his voyage thus far, has
been published. From the time of his leaving Bota-
ny Buy nothing has been heard of him till the pre-
sent discovery. In the year 1791, the French na-
tional assembly sent two ships in search of him, but
after exploring the seas which he was supposed to
have visited, they returned without the least intel-
ligence of his fate.
It appears that one of Peyrouse's two vessels,
after leaving Botany bay in 1788, struck upon a cer-
tain chain of rocks and was lost, crew saved by
Peyrouse's vessel; they afterwards discovered an
isknd in the S. S. E. of New-Zealand, and anchored
in the bay— when the vessel accidentally caught fire
;uid was consumed — that the natives during the first
twenty -one years were amicably disposed — but Pey-
i-ouse, tired of waiting for relief and anxious to re-
turn home, ordered trees to be felled for timber to
build a vessel — the natives considered this an act
af hostility — war commenced; and finally Peyrouse
and all who were with him were massacred, except
Dagelet and seventeen others, who escaped, after
great peril, in birch canoes, to the place where he
tras found, and where he had resided two years—
those who escaped wit}) him had all died— and I)a-
•felet himself died a few days after he \vas taken.
from off the rock — His journal of events was pre-
>erved and deposited at Macao— whence the ac-
:Vwnt i* received.— Boston Daily Jlfo.
St. Domingo.
A friend who has just arrived from the Idnqdom
if Hajjti, has tarnished us with the royal gazette of
that state, a variety of printed documents, prochrna
>:is, 8cc. from the royal press at Cape Henrv,
truncois,]and verbal intelligence of the state of
Lhe country. King Henry (Christophc) was at peace
Petjon and tye world, regulating- the civil
policy of his extensive territories, and encouraging
the progress of cultivation and the arts and sciences.
His residence is ut the palace of Sans Souci, in a
town built by him under a mountain 30 miles from
the Cape, highly cultivated and defended by works
covered with 360 pieces of cannon. The population
of his subjects increases rapidly, and it is supposed
he has 150,000 men able to bear arms. (Petion is
said to have 200,000). The crown of king Henry
had lately been received from London, where it
cost 28,000 dollars, exclusive of the diamonds
which his sable majesty furnished himself. His
state coach had also arrived, and is a superb
carriage built at an expense of 18,000 dollars, i>.i
Fjiigland. Schools and academies are patronised
by him, and he is about commencing the erection
of a college, for which he has sent to Europe for 20
professors or instructors — a contract for three car-
goes of lumber from this country, for the comple-
tion of the collegiate buildings'we have seen.
Commerce and the culture of the soil was improv-
ing in his dominions; strangers on mercantile busi-
ness are treated honorably and the kingdom rising
in nower and respectability. The 1st and 2nd of
January, the 13th anniversary of the liberty and in
dependence of Hay ti, was celebrated with the great-!
est solemnity and magnificence at the city of Sans
Souci, by a procession, review, mass, levee, address^
es, feast, illuminations, &c. A roll 01 the knights
of the royal and military order of saint Henry, is
given in one of the papers; and a list of fifty foreign
vessels which sailed from cape Henry from the 1st of
July to the 9th of November last. A catalogue of
the princes, dukes, counts and barons, dignitaries of
the empire, is found in some of the publications. —
Notwithstanding the cessation of arms, a paper war
seems to be directed from Christophe's press against
Petion— and the pamphlets, journals, &c. are writ-
ten and printed in a respectable style.
N. Y. Columbian-
Spanish Blockade.
Jamaica, Feb. 14. Kear-admiral Douglass has
been pleased to forward to his honor the mayor a
translated copy of a proclamation of don Salvador
Moxo, brigadier-general, &e. Sec. of Caracas, re-
specting the blockade of the island of Margaritta^
and which we publish for general information:
"At the city of Caraccas, the 29th .of January.
1816, Don Salvador AIoxo, brigadier-general, and
captain-general of these provinces, saith:
"That in consequence of the disposition taken
by his excellency don Pablo Morillo, general-m-
chief of the expeditionary army, and proper gover-
nor and captain-general," for the blockade of the
island of Margaritta, so as to reduce to their du-
ties the rebels who, after having been treated with
the greatest indulgence and benignity, have dared
to rLe in anus against the king, decrees — That
ever}- Spanish vessel encountering another of the
same nation, in affording assistance to the insur-
gents, carrying men, arms, ammunition and naval
stores, or of any other kind to them, shall be con-
fiscated, and the master and other principal heads
hung up at the yard arms, and the sailors and crew,
one drawn out of five (quintalos) if they are not
found as culpable as the rest, otherwise to under-
go an equal fate. The same will be observed witk
any other foreign vessels and crews— for as the
Spanish nation is at full peace with all the rest, if ,
is not to be supposed that they can with any pro-
priety afford assistance to traitors, nor to peril):'
tJiemsdves similar inijjortatioas as all those
]36
NIL'ES WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1816
find themselves In this ease must be considered as , Our Neighbors. The Quebec Gazette of the 15tb
pirates and public assassins; excepting those ves- February, contains the following, among other
sels wherewith some limitation must take plac'e! marks on the recent correspondence of the
'with respect to vhc ir registers of navigation. Let tary of state with the Spanish minister. They are
this be published by proclamation, and this deter-; of a different complexion from former articles oi
inination be stuck- up in public place*, for ihc infor- Canadian ma
mation of all, communicating ihe s:,mc at Porto
Cnbello and La»:iii;\., for the same purpose, and
tnvh'.nr official information thereof to the chief of
iinufacture:
"Will there be war between Spain and the Uni-
ted States? This will depend upon the spirkof Fer-
the foreign colonies of Trinidad, .Jamaica, Curacoa, ^^
St. Tliomas', St. Bartholomews, or any other whicln nu);.e
may be deemed proper. This i-; dec-reel and or-
dered, and signed before me, which [attest.
(Signed)' "SALVADOll l)B MOXO.
Before me (Signed) "PABLO CASTILLO.
fiTiiis is a true copy of the origin1:', which 1 cer-
tify as se^.i-eiarv of government and caplain-gehe-
i-alshipof Gamiccas, the 59th of JamiUryi 1816.
(Signed) "BKilXiK) l/.i MUitOS."
Miscellaneous Articles.
Commo.'hre D?ciiiitr, on a late visit to Norfolk,
pa
hi
Ta/.euell and R. B. Taylor, esquires. The com-
dinand the iul^re.d; that the Americans -aill ke'e/t
•at, and ardently desire to have
-.fill trade where' they can advanta-
geoii*!;:, and m-; '• ' t!i?ir cvnntri/ a refuge for a popula-
tion of all nati > .s, is not to be doubted. That they rjill
Rrrl.i rather than forego any of these advantages, we
amiile evidence j and we 'are greatly mistaken
govern-rc-it and a great proportion of the
It.---
if ti
population would not be glad of a declaration ot
war on t!ie part of Spain. The beat of the drum
would immediately assemble a large army beyond
the Allcg.uiies for an expedition to Mexico, nay,
they would ev::i enlist for Peru— the Decaturs, the
Porters, the Perrys, and hordes of privateersmen
would glory in a "war with Spain. But will Great
xrrtook of a public entertainment given in honor of Britain interfere? Such an event, no doubt, would
)iin. John Xivison, esq. presided, assisted by L W. be unpleasant; but after the result of the last war, it
p.my consisted of 120 gentlemen. The toasts drank
after the removal of the cloth were very h-.ppy and
appropriate. We select -the following:
The star spangled banner — "Long may it wave,
"O'er the" land of the free and the home of the
brave."
The. Mediterranean — The sea not more of Greek
and Roman, than of .American glory.
The Crescent — Its lustre was dunned even by the
twinkling of our STARS.
The seamen of ihe United Stales — A grateful coun-
try will ever rightfully appreciate and duly re-
ward the merit of her gallant sons.
The militia of the United States — They have tri-
umphed over the conquerors of the conqueror of
Europe.
National glory — A Gem above all price, and wor-
thy every hazard to sustain its splendor.
i\y commodore Dccutur. — Oar country — In her in-
tercourse with foreign nations may she always be
in the right, and always successful, right or ~vrong.
[What a stroke is this at the resolve of the senate
<>f Massachusetts, declaiming it immoral and. irreligious
^) rejoice at the victories of their country men.]
The following song, wii t"n b^ V» H. M'CiiKKiir oj
J\i!eri>b'iiry for the vccusiou, "ica-s- sung by a gentle-
See Decatur our hero returns from the West,
Who's destin'd to shine in the annals of story,
\ bright ray of vict'ry beams high on his crest;
En circled, his brows, by a halo of glory.
On Afric's bleak shore,
From the insolent Moor,
His bloody, stained laurels in triumph he tore,
Where the Crescent which oft spread its terrors afar,
Submissively bow'd to the American star.
Algiers' haughty Dey in the height of his pride,
From American freemen H tribute dem.uided;
Columbia's brave freemen the tribute denied,
And his Corsairs to seize our bold tars were com-
manded.
Their streamers wave high,
But Tiecatw draws nigh,
His name strikes like lightning — in terror they fly.
Thrice welcome our hero, returned i' ;m ..t'.r.
Where the proud Crescent full« to the American star .
is not to be expected that, even in that case, the
United States \voul:1. readily yield np any of their
present pretensions."
IMPUDENCE.— From the Montreal Herald of March
30. — By the besi intercourse that can be drawn from
the mass of the American journals, Mr. MONROE
will be the next ^RESIDENT of the United States,
it is not quite so clear who will be vice-president;
but that is a matter of minor consequence. It is
for the interest of Great Britain to keep on arnica-,
ble terms with Hie VIRGINIA DYNASTY, keep-
ing always aloof from its low intrigues. The south-
ern states are virtually colonies of Britain, and they
will be contented to remain so: not so with the
north-eastern states; to them even equality of com-
mercial rights would be considered a kind of vas-
salage, too revolting for a set of pseudo freemen, who
offer no resistance ro another class they pretend to
despise, but to whom they are obliged to truckle
with every submission, words alone excepted; al-
though it must be confessed that many of the fede-
ral party think the late peace and commercial con-
vention as advantageous to the United States as
could have been expected.
GHA.MITS TAUCIIT. From a Richmond paper. A cor-
respondent from Smithfield, informs us that a gram-
pus 50 feet long-, and 8 feet wide across the tail,
was lately caught in Vansemond river. This enor-
mous animal, of the cetaceous tribe, had been for
several days, observed in Hampton roads and James
'river, sporting an.id the foaming billows, and hail-
ing, as it were, the genial season which imparts ,o
all nature an increase of vitality. This circumo
stance, attracting the novice of some New-England
'am, who happened to be in the neighborhood, the
motions of the grampus were closely watched, and a
boat, filled with expert and adventurous fellows,
sent in pursuit of the lord of the watery expanse.-
One oi the pursuers, more active than the rest,
moun;ed three times ou the back of the grampus.
The latter as mauv times sought the recesses of
'he deep, leaving his formidable assailant to regain
nis boat as well as he could. The fourth time, the
e succ.ffilc.-d in catling a hole in the Grampus
I—and this wound proved mortal. For fifteen or
tweii y miles ; • .-u^d, people have flocked to the spok
to view the dead -n'/idle.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER.
No. 9 OF VOL. X.]
BALTIMORE, SAT LJRDAY, APRIL 27, 1816.
[WHOLK NO. 243.
Hate dim meminisse juvabit. — VIHGIL.
}jpxT;:n AND PUIILISIIED
IK' H. NIT.ES, AT TfcJ! HT.AI) OF CHEAJSIDE, AT $5 PKH.
Naval History.
Account of the operations of the American squadron,
under commodore Uecatur, against JHg-iers, Tunis
and Tripoli.
In the year 1795, a treaty was concluded between
:he United States of America, and the dey of Al-
giers, in which the former were put upon a footing
>vith other nations, on condition of paying to the
ley, a yearly tribute of twelve thousand Algerine
iequins, to be invested in naval stores. This treaty
subsisted without any infringement on the part of
:he Algerines, until sometime in the month of July,
1812, when the dey, stimulated, probably, by the
lear prospect of a war between the United States
md England, which he was encouraged in the be-
lief would annihilate the naval force of the former,
iiul disable them from taking satisfaction, took an
opportunity to violate its most important articles. —
He was probably further stimulated to this measure,
!>y having little employment at that time for his
sruizers, in consequence of just concluding* peace
with Portugal, while at the same time he was pre-
sented from committing depredations upon his old
enemies, the Sicilians, of whom the English had de-
clared themselves the protectors.
The pretence of his highness for this breach of
tils engagements, was the cargo of the ship Allega-
ny, then just arrived, with naval stores, for the
payment of the tribute stipulated in the treaty of
1795, did not contain such an assortment of arti-
cles as he had a right to expect. In consequence
of this disappointment, the dey, who was subject
tH) violent paroxysms of passion, became exceeding-
ly outrageous, and told his minister of marine that
After various ineffectual attempts to neg<
mitigation of these demands, colenel Lear finally
received this definitive answer to his repeat
plications, by his highness's drogerman-" I
should to-morrow morning pay into the treasury,
twenty-seven thousand Spanish dollars, which he
(the clev) claimed as the balance of annuities d*
from the United States, and then depart from the
regency of Algiers with his family, and all the c
zens of the United States " On failure of payment,
the consequences, whkh had at first been threat-
ened, would most assuredly be inflicted. I hi
message having been considered as conclusive^ the
consul, desirous of *vertinjj these calamities from
himself and family, as well as a number of r
countryruen then in Algiers, made every efiort t
raise the money demanded. A merchant of Al-
giers, at length ..advanced it on receiving bills on
Joseph Gaviuo, American consul at Gibraltar, and
it was paid into the treasury before the time speci-
fied in the dey's message. " Having committed the
cswre of his property, which he was not permitted to
attend to himself to the agent-general of his Swe-
dish majesty at Algiers, col. Lear embarked on
board the Allegany, with his family and about
twenty others for "the United States. The dey,
immediately on his departure, commenced hostili-
ties upon our commerce, and these outrages re-
mained unreysnged by the government of the
United States, which could not send a force to the
Mediterranean, in consequence of the war with
Great Hritain, declared in June following these
transactions.
Immediately, however, on the ratification of
peace with Great Britain, the attention of congress
was called to the consideration of the conduct
fche cargo should not be received; that the sJiipjof Algiers, and. the foregoing facts being suf-
should immediately quit Algiers, and that colonel I ficiently substantiated, war wa* declared to
Lear, the American consul, should go with her, as
lie could not have a consul in his regency, who did
exist bety.-een the United Slates of America and
the regency of Algiers. Preparations were imme-
not cause every article to be brought, as he ordered. I diateiy mane to follow up this declaration, and
Every attempt to explain, on the part of the consul,
was without effect on the dey, who either was, or
affected to be, extremely angry. A few days after-
wards he made a demand of certain arrearages of
tribute, to the amount of twenty-seven thousand
dollars, the claim to which was founded ou th = dif-
ference between the solar and lunar years, the one
consisting of three hundred and sixty -five, the other
of three hundred and fifty -four days, creating a dif-
ference of half a year, in the lapse of seventeen
years, which had expired since the conclusion of
the treaty. This was the first time the distinction
between the Christian and Mahometan year had ever
been brought forward by his high ness, and it is cer-
tain that it was insisted upon in this instance,
merely as furnishing a pretext for exacting money
from the government of the United States, or, in
case of a refusal, as furnishing additional grounds
for & declaration of hostilities. The reasoning, re-
monstrances, and explanations of the consul were
without effect, and he was at last given to under-
stand, that if the money was not paid immediately,
he should be sent to the marine in chains — the Al-
legany and her cargo confiscated; every citizen of
the United States in Algiers condemned to perpe-
tual slavery, and war forthwith declared.
VOL X.
squadron wa.i fitted out under the command of com.
Decatur, consisting' of the Guerrierc, Constellation,
and Macedonian frigates, the Ontario and Epervier
sloops of war, a.id the schooners Spark, Spitfire,
Torch, ;uul Flambeau. Another sqtudron, under
Bainbriclge, was to follow the arma-
'
ment, on the arrival of' which, it was understood,
Decatur would return to the United
States in a single vessel, leaving the command of tlte
whole combined force to commodore Bviinbridge.
The force under commodore Decatur rendezvous-
ed at New York, from which port they sailed the
20th day of April, 1815, and arrived in the bay of
Gibraltar in twenty -five days, after having previous-
ly communicated "with CadU and Tangier. In the
passage, the Spitfire, Torch, Firefly, and Ontario
separated at different times from the squadron in
gales, but all joined again at Gibraltar, with the
exception of the Firefly, which- .sprung her masts,
and put back to New York to refit. Having learned
at Gibraltar that the Algerine squadron, which hud
been out into the Atlantic, had undoubtedly passed
up the straits, and that information of the arrival of
the American force had been sent to Algiers by
persons in Gibraltar, commodore Decatur determin-
ed to grossed without delay, up the Mediterranean,
138 NILES' WEEKLY RtfGlSTEE— SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1816.
jn a running- fight of twenty-five minutes.
two broadsides the Algerines ran below.
in tlie hope of intercepting the enemy before he
could reuim to Algiers, or gain a neutral port.
The 17th of June, off cape de Gait, he fell in
\vith. and captured the Algerine frigate Muzouda,
\fter
The
<T(UTriere had four men wounded by musketry —
ihe Algerines about thirty killed, according toth<i-
statement of the prisoners, who amounted to four
hundred and six. In this affair the famous Alge-
rine admiral, or llais Hammida, who had long been
•the terror of this sea, was cut in two by a cannon
shot.
On the 19th of June, off cape Palos, the squadron
ffr-11 in with and captured an Algerine brig of twenty-
two guns. The brig was chased close lo the shore,
where she was followed by the Epervicr, Spark,
Torch, and Spirfire, to whom she surrendered, af- ling vliat it had been distributed into many hands,
fer losing twenty-three men. Xo Americans were (and that as it was not the present dey who declared
either killed or wounded. The captured brig with j war, it was unjust that he should answer for all its
most of the prisoners on board, was sent into Cartha- j consequences. The article was however, adhered
gena, where she has since, been claimed by the Spa- j to by the American ccramiesioners, and after various
nish government under the plea of a breach of neu- attempts to gain a truce, as well as to gain time, it
trality. As this affair will probably become a sub- was at length settled that all hostilities should in-
secuted against all vessels belonging to Algiers, un-
til the treaty was signed by the dey.
The captain of the port and Mr. Xorderling then
went on shore, but the next day again came oix
board, with the information tlvut they were commis-
sioned by the dey to treat on the basis for which the
commissioner of the United States had stipulated.
A treaty was then produced, which the «'^>mmission-
ers declared could not be varied in tiny material ar-
ticle, and that consequently, discussion was not only
useless, but dangerous on" their part; for if in the
interim the Algerine squadron were, to appear, it
would most assuredly be attacked. On examining
the treaty proposed," the captain of the port was
extremely anxious to get the article stipulating for
the restoration of property taken by the Algerines
during the war dispensed with, earnestly represent-
jcct of negociation between tjie United States and
Spain, we decline entering into further particulars.
From cape Palos the American squadron pro-
ceeded to Algiers, where it arrived the 28th of June.
Aware that a despatch boat had been sent from
Gibraltar, to inform the regency of his arrival, and
having also learned that several Tartans had gone
in search of the Algerines, to communicate the
news, commodore Decatur concluded that their
fleet was by this time safe in some neutral port.
He therefore thought it a favorable time to take
advantage of the terror which his sudden and un-
welcome arrival had excited, to dispatch a letter
from the president of the United States to the dey,
in order to afford liim a fair opportunity to open a
uegociation. The captain of the port was immedi
ately dispatched to the Guerriere, on the receipt
of this letter, accompanied by Mr. Norderling1 the
Swedish, consul; and commodore Decatur, who, with
Mr. Shaler, had been empowered to negociate a
treaty proposed the basis, on which alone he could should land their cargoes without pay ing duty — thai
consent to enter on the affair of an adjustment, if a vessel belonging to either party" should be cswst
stantly cease, when a boat was seen coming off with
a white flag, the Swedish consul pledging at the
same time his honor, that it should not be hoisted
until the dey had signed the treaty, and the prison-
ers were safe in the boat. The' captain and Mr.
Norderling then went on shore, and returned with-
in three hours, with the treaty signed, together with
all the prisoners, although the distance was more
than live miles. The principal articles in this trea-
ty were, that no tribute under any pretext or in any
form whatever, should ever be required by Algiers
from the United States of aimer ica— that all Ame-
ricans in slavery should be given up without ransom
— that compensation should be made for American,
vessels captured, or property seized or detained
at Algiers — that the persons and property of Ame-
rican citizens found on board an enemy's vessel
should be sacred — that vessels of either party
putting into port should be supplied with provisions
at market price, and, if necessary to be repaired,
This was the absolute and unqualified relinquish-
in en t of any demand of tribute on the part of the
regency, on any pretence whatever. To this he
demurred. Jic was then asked if he knew what
bad become of the Algerine squadron, and replied
— «« Dy this time it is safe in some neutral port." —
* Xot the whole of it," was the reply. He was
then told of the capture of the frig-ate, of the brig,
on shore, she should not be given up to plundei
or if attacked by an enemy within cannon shot of a
fort, should be" protected, and no enemy be per-
mitted to follow her when she went to sea within
twenty-four hours. In general, the rights of Ameri-
cans on the ocean and the land, were fully provided
for in every instance, and it was particularly stipula-
ted that all citizens of the United States" taken in
and of the death of Hammida.
and smiled with
He shook his head,jwar, should be treated us prisoners of war are treat,
a look of incredulity, supposing it ak'd by other n:-.ti;;:i.-;, and not as slaves, but held sub-
mere attempt to operate on his fears and thus induce 'ject to mi exchange without. random. Afier conc'ud-
an acceptance of the proposed basis. B lit when the I ing this treaty, so highly honorable and advantage-
lieutenant of Hum mi da was called in, and the mi-ious to this country, the Commissioners give up the
particulars, he be- captured frigate and
nister learned the truth of these
came completely unnerved, and agreed to negociate
" on the proposal basis. He premised, however,
Ijiathe was not authorised to eonciiicle a treaty, but
requested the American commissioners to state the
conditions they hr.tl to propose. This was done,
'IK.' captain of the port then requested a ce.ssa-
)t' hostilities, and that the negotiation should
be conducted on shore, the minister of marine having
pledged himself for their security while there, and
Iheir safe return to the ships whenever they pleas-
ed. Neither of these propositions were accepted,
and the captain was expressly given to understand,
not onlv must the negociation be carried on in
and tii
tion ot
brig, to their former owners.
To this thevAvere influenced by a consideration of
the great expense it would require to put them in a
conditicn to be sent to the United States — the im-
possibility' of disposing of them in the Mediterrane-
an, and by the pressing1 instances of the dey himself,
who earnestly represented that this would be the best
method of satisfying- hi:-; people with the treaty just
concluded, and "consequently the surest guarantee
for its observance on his part. The policy of the
measure we think sufficiently obvious, when it is
considered that the dey would mo.f;t likely, in case
of their refusal, have fallen a victim to tiie inciigna-'
tionofthe people, and that in all probability, his
ihc Guerfiie/e, but Uttit hostilities would still be pro- successor would lu\ <-. iuu-.u! his safety only in.
KILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-NAVAL HISTORY. 139
Owning the peace which had been made by his pre-
decessor. There being- as \ve befote stated some
dispute with the Spanish authorities with regard to
the legality of the capture of the Algerine brig, it
was stipulated on the part of the American com-
missioners, in order to induce the Spaniards to give
her up, that the Spanish consul and a Spanish
elusion of this afTair, the American consular flag,
which Mr. Jones, the consul, had struck in conse-
quence of the violation of neutrality above men-
tioned, wns hoisted in the presence of the _ foreign
agents and saluted from the castle with thirty-owe
guns. In addition to the satisfaction thus obtain-
ed for unprovoked aggressions, the commodore had
merchant, then prisoners in Algers, should be re- the pleasure of obtaining the release often captives,
leased, and permitted to return to Spain if they I two Danes and eight Neapolitans, the latter of
pleased. According to the last advices the brig j whom he landed at Messina.
was still detained by the Spanish government, and
the ultimate disposal of this vessel will probably be
settled by an amicable negotiation.
After touching at Messina and Naples, the squa-
dron sailed for Carthagena oil the 31st of August,
where commodore Decatur Was in expectation of
Com. Decatur despatched cap*. Lewis in the E- j meeting the relief squadron under commodore
pervier, bearing the treaty to the United States, and j Bainbridge. On joining that officer at Gibraltar,
leaving Mr. Slialer at Algiers as consul-general to he relinquished his command, and sailed hi the
the Darbarv states, proceeded with the rest of the Guerriero for the United States, where he arrived
squadron to Tunis, with the exception oftwo odioo- i on the 12th of November, 1 815. Every thing being
ners under capt. Gamble, sent to convoy the Aig-e- } done previous to the arrival of the second division
rine vessels liome from Carthagena. He was prompt-! of the squadron, under commodore Bainbridge,
ed to this visit, having been informed that a mis- {that gallant officer had no opportunity of disun-
imdftrs, landing existed ""between our consul and thej-guishuig himself, as we are satisfied he always will,
bashaw of Tunis, into the nature of which he con- • where occasion occurs. Pursuant to his instriic-
sidercd himself bound m duty to enquir;. Here ! tkms, he exhibited this additional force before Al-
he was ofiicially informed by the consul of a viola- j giers, Tunis, and Tripoli, where they were some-
tion of the treaty subsisting between the United! what surprised at thf appearance of the Jndepen1-
States and the bashaw; first, in permitting two prii;- .dence 74-, having always been persuaded th.it the
cs of an American privateer to be taken out of the United States Were restricted by their treaties
harbor by :v British cruizer; and, secondly, in per- j with England from building- ships of that class,
iru'tting- a compar. ; of merchants, subj ccts of Tunis, ! When colonel Lear w?»,s" consul at Algiers, he endea-
to take the property ol' an American citizen r.t their ivored to convince the ministers of the dey, that
own price, and much below its real value. (such was not the rr*s:; but they a'wr.ys replied,
The truth of these allegations being thtts offi-j"ff you are permitted to build seventy-fours, let us
dally verified, commodore Decatur addressed a 'see one of them, and we shall be satisfied."
letter to the pviim: minister of Tunis, demanding' Com. .Bainbridge mailed from Gibraltar -36 hours
satisfaction fov these outrages exercised or permit- j before the Ouerriere, and arrived at Boston the loth
ted by the bashaw, and a full restoration of the pro- ; November,
perty thus given or bitoriiiced. Thus was concluded an expedition, in which,
The bashaw, through the medium cf this prime I though few. perhaps.no opportunities occurred for
minister, acknowledged the truth of the facts, as|a display of the hardy prowess of our sailors, the
well as the justice of the demands; but begged 12 1 nation acquired singular hoivsr, in humbling- and
trionths to pay the KioTiey. This was refused; arid (chastising- a race of lawless pirates, who h;tve long
on receiving- assurances that it would be paid forth- ; been the inveterate scourges of the Christian world,
•with, the commodore Went on shore, where he re-! Independently of the glory thus accruing to the re-
ceived the visits of the different consuls. The bro-! publican name, the probable advantages arising-
ther of the prime minister cf Tunis chanced to ar-Urom this sudden and unlooked-for appearance of
rive with money at tlm time, and seeing the British {an American squadron, immediately after a war
consul in conversation with commodore Decatur, | with Great Britain, wo th:;ik will be manifold. —
threw down the bags which contained it with great 'This circumstance will ?;ivc them an idea of the
indignation, at the same time addressing the con-: ! power and resources of the U. States, altogether dif-
sul in English, which he spoke ftu juily. '"You see, 'ferent from that which they before entertaim-d, and
sir, what Tunis is obliged to pay for your insolence, serfce to convince them of the danger of provok ing
You must feel ashamed of the disgrace you havei our resentment, unde;- any expectation of the de-
brought upon u^. You are very good friends now, struction of ovir navy, by any power whatever.--
but 1 ask you whether you think it just, first to) That the assurances of «n immediate war v.-.itii
violate our neutrality, then to leave us to be de- i land was what principally e
stroyed, or pay for your aggressions." I Algiers to commence hostilities agJust the United
.
encour.iC' -,d t.hv dey of
As soon KS the money was paid, the bashaw pi-e-i States, under :\ conviction that our iktlo navy would
pared to despatcli a minister xo England, to den>and; speedily be annihilated, is evident from <he r">Llow-
the amount whicii he had been obliged to pay in [ing fact. One of the dey's officers one mo n,n^, in-
consequence of this requisition, to the- American! sinuated, v/h ether true or false, we cannot say, to
conmodore. [ the British ronsti! at Algiers, t'urt it was his fault
Af«.e;- adjustujg1 these differences, the squadron; that they declared \v:\r. "You told us," suid ])c,
3roceeded to Tripoli, where commodore Decatur ."that the American rr.ivy would be destroyed in si:i
made a similar demand for a similar violation of; months by y::; :r.uJ iv..-,v they make war upon us irith .
the treaty sub iisiing- between the United States and' two of iiotir o-n-n T/evyc-v they !>ui.*tt taken from :#//''
the bashaw, who hud permitted two American ves-' "VVe \-\re a\,-tre tliut the states of Ba:-bary pay lit-
els to be taken fj-om under the guns of his castle.
tie attention to the faitli of treaties, a>id tlxul they
»y a I'.mish slopp of w;..r, and refused proicr.tion profess a perfect contempt for ti>at code which h
p an American c"ni/er lying \vitliin his jurisdic- callvdthe luw (;•/ nations, which they say w.^s e-na-
ion. Restitution of the full valu- of these vessels ; Wished without their conseut, ami, consequently,
vaa demanded, and the money, amounting to twen- [not binding on them. We know that the piratical
U -five thousand dollars, paiil by the bashaw into j habits of tl;ei>e people are almost unconrjuei'Hb^
: hands of the Americaii conu:l. After the con-iar.d their *nt;p.aby to the cbnsthtv n;ariJ \wf\^-
]4() NILES WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1816.
r.ile. Eut we also know that those whom no obli-.the mariner, and the scourge of the powers border.
pit ions c«n bind, are best restrained by their ap- j ing on and navigating the Mediterranean, h.ns arisen
pi-chciisi >ns of punishment, when they offend. — j that feeling of vague but overwhelming terror with
llear is u potent auxiliary in the attainment of jus-! which the world has long contemplated these re-
t ice, as well as the prevention of offence, and the j nowned barbarians. This feeling was perhaps
recollection of a cliusiisment, when it does not sti- 1 stronger in this country, previous to the Tripolitan
Truiiutc to revenge, is gene-rally effectual in pre- war, than any where else, and we contemplated
v Ciitinga repetition of tUpse outrages which brought these poor creatures through the same exaggerated
diivn llit punishment. Vv'ithout calculating, there- medium we once did, and in some degree still do,:
fj:-L, on tliC good faith or the good will of the Earbary ; more than one nation across the Atlantic. To the
states, we cannot bait permit ourselves to hope and be- 1 gallant navy which first dissolved the enchantment
licve, that the lale display of our naval force in the [of British superiority, are we indebted for our
Mediterranean, and tlie prompt energy of the,distin- j emancipation from that of Algerine prowess, a'\l
g'uished olTicer who directed it, will have secured for this among other- benefits we are indebted to a
to the United. Stales a lasting peace, unshackled race of admirable officers, who seeme-d to be con-
by any degrading compliances on our part, and SCIOUB that whatever other men might be, they
gained by an honorable exertion of force in a iust could not be more than their equals. They seem..
Whatever may be the actual advantages resulting
from the operations of the American squadron in
equals. They seem,
indeed, even to have possessed that noblest spe-
cies of confidence, which is not derived from any
idea of what their enemies might be, but of what
the Mediterranean, and whether the treaty made by | they themselves really were,
commodore Decatur will be permanent or not, still I In contemplating what was performed by oiu
there is one thing growing out of it which can ne- j small force, conducted as il was with cli.-u-acteristic
vcr be forgotten by the people of the United States, [promptness and energy, we are called upon to corn-
It i.s the rccidleclion of humbling these proud bar- jpare it with Avhat was done by the must powerful
burians, that have so long been the -terror of the jmonarchs of Europe, and the comparison is a sub-
Mediterranean, and the scourge of the Christian jject of honest exultation. Perhaps to assume a su-
juune. The prowess of these renowned free hooters j periority over these mighty potentates, who occupy
lung been connected with the romantic ex- j so large a space in history, may be called boasting.
T- '
ploits of chivalry, and is associated with our earli-
est recollections. Tlie Christian knight had always
his fiercest encounters, his most desperate strug--
glcs with some tif)aynim Jlloor," and though the re-
putation of the knight, as well as a due regard to
poetic justice, rendered it indispensable that the
Chri.st.iau should triumph, still his triumph was al-
ways gained v;i h infinite difficulty. A proof of the
opinion long entertained of their prowess is, that
they are every where represented in the old leg-ends,
as of' a gigVviilic stature. It is one of the. errors of
e to make the body rather than the nfind,
So let it be. It is by performing such things, that
nations become illustrious, and it is by speaking of
them as they ought to be spoken, that courage ana
enterprise meet their reward, and emulation is
awakened from its slumbers. The pride of our
hearts in gratified with the knowledge, that while
the corsairs laughed at the demands of a superior
71tirrjfit;au fleet, carrying the descendants of De
Ruvter and Van Tromp, they sunk beneath the ener-
gy of a republican commodore, and gave up what
they had never before yielded to any nation. In ad-
dition to this, both our pride and our humanity, arc
t;;e criterion for heroism," and there is hardly a i s° laced with the conviction that our ships of war,
ui.aing'iiahed champion of 1he early ages that was i ennobled as they are by many other attributes, have,
•no; rein, tikuble for the dimensions o'f his fr;:n:e, be- j '->y the late treaty with Algiers, become sanctuaries,
c.iiLic it w.is by this that tlie writers of rom:irec < not like the Catholic and Mahometan churches, for
tiidc.* ored to give to their simple readers a more i robbers and assassins, but &;• the oppressed Chris-
k'U-ilving1 inuge of strength and ferocity. Indepen- i tian slaves of all nations. Akalectic Magazine.
cicntlv of the reputation the Moorish race sus- 1 • --
t \\:- in t!ic works of imagination, most familLr in ,_,. ~Z ~
oi\r childhood, they possess also sirong chums to j I he Mediterranean,
l.istniic.il :v:mwn. In Sp-j.i tned] The following article (observes the National In-
D, of the telli-encer) is ' exacted from the journal, with
Lind CionsaivO, i .--. principally derived
which we have been favored, of a young midsh.ip-
.
• .,c: of tltese heroes i.\ t!io expufeion mart of the Congress frigate, on her late voyage to
cfthe Moons!) kh%S or t'ordoVa nud (":i-.-tv:d:..— ; Europe and the Mediterranean. We give it a place
F( * !-;--1 fofgotten the ikteof i)an .Stbtistian, king 'in o,ir paver, us well for its intrinsic interest, as on
o," J toritigal ; an, I ns urc ignorant of the i itccoinit o'f ;iic ci eclil it reflects on a youth of sixteen.
fiturce of ''iiar.es V. who, backed by half the! i'ully buh-cribing to this opinion* and moreover,
F"^'1 sures cf the new I willing to oblige the very respectable friends ,)f Hie
Vu''';;-- -.Igiers, from whose iv.-riLory he 'young gentleman, the editor of the Weekly Jfcjister
was drive,! afu r ;}ie JCPS of almost the whole of his whh pleasure records it in his work.
Another f:.\iun[»le is, tliat L.ot'.is Xi\ . U. S. frigale' Congress.
5 i.nleritU-Tr.pts to humble ihe pride of these nations, June I9jh, 1815, sailed from Boston with our
but v.-as ne\<-r ttble to K-uLi from them terms KO ::d-
minister, Dr. Eustis, bound to Holland, where Ve
\:ji;s as tr.o.-;e dictated by our cxnmissioners. ; arrived after a short and pleasant passage cf 30
>*ay, cvi-i! the potent iicet of lord Nelson failed in ; davs. Nothing of material conseauence happened
:. s'i. I i,;;::-e rcceiil instance, i.i a dmilar attempt,
! uv
.g prevlou.sly ^-licceedcd in others that
\.ere :,t d:at ;Jnie considered almost desperate, but
vli;ch have *i,\ce been discovered to hi'.ve ovvred
th.ii- saccess to the deploivJjle imbecility and
fckjifu:n^;ss of lus opponents.
during the passage; spoke a great manv English
On the 7th of July made Ushant; 10th,
') for
hot
jve too off Dover, (hi the English chat n'ei)
;'.ve o vved | a North sea pilot. There are a great many f )i-tifica-
ppo
I'rom the foregoing causes, as from the cir-
tions, which appear strong; th*> castle cf Dover is
situated on a high hill in the centre of the town,,
and appears to have perfect command of the town
pf theii- having long- ucer. thg terror of* and harbor. I'rjin Dover you caif distiiic'.!'
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— MEDITERRANEAN.
ie French coast, and, on a clear day, the steeples [ "August I3tht sailed in company with the
i Calais. After obtuin ing1 a pilot, filled away. On jpendence, Erie, Cbippewa and Spark, on a cruize
up the south side of the Mediterranean, and in
search of commodore Decatur's squadron. 20th,
passed within sight of Algiers, tin4 commodore sent
the Spark in; I could pei-ceive but one fortification
which appeared formidable; the walls around the
city are high. 26th, hove too off Tripoli; the com-
modore sent the Chippewa and Erie in. The only
fort to be seen from where we wore, was built by
the Philadelphia's crew, last Tripolitan wur, i,i
the form of a crescent. The Chiprewfi and Erie
returned with our minister, who went, on board tie
commodore; he informed us, that com. Decatur's
squadron had been there ten days before, and left
there for Malta; dispatched, the Erie to Malta to
endeavor to obtain some intelligence of the other
squadron; filled awav.
"September 5th, came to anchor in Tunis bay. —
"his is one of the most delightful and beautiful
bays in the world; it is interspersed with small isl-
ands and has excellent anchorage; there are also
several strong Turkish fortifications, which appeal-
formidable and capable of making a stout r< sist.-
ance. None of the ruins of old C:\rthage (the biri -i
place of Hannibal) are to be seen; a strong Turk-
ish castle and the temple ofEsculaphis is built nc: i-
the place where it stood. 6th, sailed; the commo-
dore sent the Chippewa to Malaga; the Spavk
Thi
ie 12th, arrived at Flushing, a town situated on
tie Island of Walcheren, and contains about 8,000
ihabitants. It is a place of little commerce, being
great resort for men of war; the navy yard is in
ood order, and on aveiy extensive plan; there was
ie frigate fitting out for the Mediterranean. There
> a very commodious dock connected with this
ard, in which there are ten line of battle ships, as
lany frigates, and a vast number of small vessels,
U in a state of decay; the yard and all the vessels
'ere built by Bonaparte. The land is low and
luddy, and canals or d\kes running through every
.trt of the town; vessels drawing 12 feet water can
ischarge their cargoes in any part of the town; they
vast have cost the Dutch immense labor, and none
•at a persevering people could ever have performed
_The town was once well fortified and in a fiou-
ishing state, but now there is scarce any vestige
emaining; since Bonaparte left it, all the guns have
een dismounted, and every tiling appears to be
ecaying very fast. The inhabitants still preserve a
3ve for Bonaparte, and many of them informed me,
hat they were much happier and more contented
inder his government, than the one they are now
uled by. A short distance from Flushing, is a
ewn called Middleburg, much larger than the for-
ner, and built in the same manner; the houses very
ow, after the Dutch style; a stone wall 12 feet high ) joined the squadron. 12th, came to an anchor in
urrounds the town, and has but two entrances. | Malaga roads; found the Ohippe\vu, Saranac and
July 23d, sailed from Flushing, and the wind being | Boxer. Malaga is an ancient city, remarkable tor
head, had an excellent opportunity of seeing the! its extensive commerce, yielding' i;i great abun-
rtost remarkable places in the English channel, both dance the most delicious fruits, which 'they export
in the French and English coast. [to every part of the world; while we were t'lero,
25 merchant vessels sailed for different part.-; of Eu-
rope, and some for the United Suites. The harbor
is not safe, but a spacious mole is connected with
it, which is capable of containing 100 merchant
ships, and safe from all winds; tlie cay is large,
and surrounded with a thick wall, which h:.s run;
entrances; a Moorish castle on a point, cominar.d-i
every part of it; the most remarkable building is n
stupendous cathedral, said to be as large as th^
6th, entered the Mediterranean. Spoke
in English sloop of war going into Gibraltar — in-
brmed by her, that the Independence was off cape
Ie Gutt five days before, and that commodore De-
:atur had concluded
a peace with the dey of Al-
Ciers, and was then on a cruize towards Algiers,
fttnis and Tripoli.
"August 9th, came to anchor in Carthagena roads;
bund here the Independence 74, commodore Bain-
>ridge, sloop Erie, brigs Chippewa, Spark, and
chooner Torch, in quarantine; this ship coming
rom the north of Europe, was excused. The town of
Carthagena is situated between two mountains,
md has a very commodious and safe harbor for
hirty ships of the line, with room to swing; the
lavy yard and arsenal are very spacious and on a
jrand scale, said to have
,000,000,* and
squalled but by few m the work); a dock is con-
lected.with it, in which there is/ive fathoms water,
md accommodations for 30 ships of the line; it
low contains but three, and three frigates, without
itores, and falling to decay; the defences are strong
laturehas done much, and they have improved
;very advantage; but at this time one frigate might
lay it under contribution, owing to the ruinous con-
lition of gun carriages, and want of men; the town
s surrounded by a wall fifteen feet high; the guns,
)r rather ports for guns, point directly from the
»op of the mountain on the town; in my opinion,
this place might be nude as strong as the rock of
Gibraltar; there is one fort that overlooks the town
said to have been built upon the old Roman founda-
tion; the guns are dismounted, and in time of dan-
ger it is used as a place of alarm—it has subterrane-
is passages running through every part of the
celebrated church of St Paul's
i:i London, and
This is doubtless
equalled by none in Spain. It is decorated \\ itli
paintings, ornaments of gold and silver, images of
wax and marble, surpassing all imagination. 1 vi-
sited three of the nunneries, but could not see any
of the curiosities, only being allowed to look through
the gratings. The United States, Krie, Firefly, Kn-
terprize and Lynx, arrived — received no intelli-
gence of commodore Dccatur. Commodore dis-
patched the Lynx to Carthagena, and Enterprize to
Gibraltar. 20th, sailed from Malaga in company
with the squadron. 29ih, arrived at Gibraltar, an-
chored in company with the brigs, off Algesiras, u
small town about 8 miles distant, and opposite
Gibraltar — the remainder of the squadron anchor-
ed at Gibraltar. Algesiras is a small town of no
consequence, has good anchorage.
"October 3d, got ynder wav, and anchored off
Gibraltar,
nian, Qntari
arrived; left the Guerriere* nt Malaga. The town
of Gibraltar is neither large nor beautiful. The
harbor is formed by a mole, which is commodious,
and well fortified with guns, and formed for com-
manding the entrance into the Mediterranean, and
on that account is always furnished with a garrison
well provided, for its defence; the harbor is neither
safe from enemy or storms. The place, by nature,
. This day the Constellation, Macedo-
ario, Flambeau, Spitfire, Torch and Lynx
sSf — E
)tless a mistake— perhaps an error j is almost impregnable, and well fortified by ^r .; the
'•''• }'i:f7- fo\vn is situated on the west side of the- vi-ek
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1816.
the east side is nearly perpendicular, and only ac-
cessible by a narrow" passage below the rock; on
the east side is a large plain, on \vhich the encamp-
ments for the soldiers are placed, and the guns on
that side, when depressed, point directly on them;
when elevated, command the entrance of the har-
bor; passages 15 feet wide are cut through the
rock, on which the guns are mounted; the water
perpetually drops from the roof, and forms an in-
iinite number of pillars. I think these passages are
the greatest curiosities I have ever seen. They
are nearly at the top of th* rock, and I can assure
you I was quite fatigued when I arrived there. On
the east syle of the rock is a cave, called St. Mi-
chael's, reckoned one of the greatest curiosities in
Spain. I was told it was 1120 feet above the level
of the horizon; I was at the mouth of it, but had
not time to go through it. The guns on the east
.hide front on the town, and have command of eve-
ry part of the harbor; the town is surrounded with
a double wall, has but two entrances; the gates are
/closed every evening at sun-set, and no one allowed
to pass through; yet I am told, that the soldiers
frequently desert by lowejwng themselves from the
top of the r0ck by ropes, on the side next the sea,
where bouts wait in readiness to receive them. —
There was a poor soldier sentenced to receive 3$0
lashes, for insolence to his superior, and the night
before the sentence was to be executed, he at-
tempted to make his escape in this manner; but,
unfortunately the rope parted, and the centinel at
the top of the roc]c hearing the noise, immediately
dispatched him; this happened but two days before
I visited the rock, and he then lay dead about half
way down the rock, and they are. not able to get
him down or up. The fortifications at Gibraltar
are certainly worth the attention of any person; the
guns on the rock amount tp 800, and are constantly
kept in good order, and 5000 soldiers in garrison.
"St. Roqiie, a small town at the head of the bay,
and five miles from Gibraltar, }s remarkable on 'ac-
count of being one of the most ancient towns in
Spain; ail the fingliih officers resort to this place
for pleasure. They have delightful gardens, and
fruit trees in abundance. The bull fights are exhi-
bited here every month, which is attended with
great barbarity. * The Spaniards are very fond of
this amusement; in all their cities they have a pub-
lic square in the centre of the town reserved for
celebrating them.
"1 wag not as much pleased with the Mediterra-
nean as I expected; the climate is very dry and hot;
the fruit is the only thiny I was pleased with,
which consists of oranges, leynoas, figs, pomegra-
nates, grapes, chesnuts, £tc. Malaga is the most
celebrated far its fruits am! it:* luscious grapes,
f'"om which is wade what is called the Malaga, or
Moxintsin wine; it is brought from the mountains,
on small mules by the peasants in goat skins; in all
vheir cities the streets are very narrow, and dirty
owing to the intense heat of the sun; the inns are
ordinary, and ke:)t by Frenchmen and Irishmen
prin cipully."
Law of the United States.
An act making appropriations for the support p
government, for the year one thousand eigul
hundred and sixteen.
JBe it eiuicifl by the aeruite and house of represcnta-
liv^'s fjf the [.''a' fed titates of America, lit congress as-
ncmMed, That for the expenditure of the civil list
m the present year, including the contingent cx-
'<-s o.' the several depai-uncnts und piptj^S} fo
he compensation of the several loan officers and
their clerks, and for books ar.d stationary for the
ianie, for the payment of annuities and grants; for
the support of the mint establishment; for the ex-
penses of intercourse with foreign nations; for the
support of light-houses, beacons, buoys and public
piers; for surveying the coast of the United Statesj
For making the Cumberland road; for ascertaining
the titles"to lands in Louisiana; for providing cer-
tificates of registry and lists of crews, and for sa-
tisfying certain miscellaneous claims, the following
sums be, and the same are hereby respectively ap»
[jropriated, that is to say:
For compensation granted by law to the members
of the senate and house of representatives, their
officers and attendants, five hundred and ninety -five
thousand two hundred and fifty dollars, and the de-
duction to be made on account of the absence of
members or delegates for any part of the present
session, shall be in the proportion which the days
of then- absence respectively bear to the whole nunv
ber of the days of the session.
For the expense of firewood,, stationary, printing*
and all other contingent expenses of the two houses
of congress, forty-seven thousand dollars.
For the expenses of the library of congress, in-
cluding the librarian's allowance' for the year one
thousand eight hundred and sixteen, eight hundred
ibllan.
For compensation to the president of the United
States, twenty-five thousand dollars.
For rent and repairs of the tenement occupied
by the president of the United States since August,
one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, three
thousand five hundred and fifty dollars.
For compensation to the secretary of state, five
thousand dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
department of state, being the sum appropriated
for the service of the year one thousand eight hun-
dred and fifteen, el even thousand three hundred and
fifty dollars and fifty cents.
For compensation to the messenger in said de-
partment and in the patent office, six hundred and
sixty dojlars.
For the incidental and contingent expenses of
the said department, including the expense of
printing and distributing ten thousand four hun-
dred copies of the laws of the first session of the
fourteenth congress, and printing the laws in news-
papers, sixteen thousand nine hundred and thirty
dollars.
For compensation to the secretary of the treasu-
rv, five thousand dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
office of the secretary of the treasury, being the
sum appropriated for the service of the year one
thousand eight hundred and fifteen, ten thousand
four hundred and thirty-two dollars and twenty-
eight cents.
For compensation to the messenger and assist*
ant messenger in the office of the secretary of the
treasury, seven hundred and ten dollars.
For expense t>f translating foreign languages, al->
lowaucc i..v the person employed in transmitting
passports and se:»-!(2tters, and for stationary and
printing in the office of the secretary of the trea-
surv, one ihousand one hundred dollars.
J-'o-,' defraying the expenses of issuing treasury
noU-s, a sum "not exceeding- thirty thousand dollars.
For .stating and printing- the public accounts for
the years one thousand eight hundred and fifteen
and one thousand eight hundred and sixteen, two
thousand ibur hiu;e>/>:u oulhr!-.
WEEKLY REGISTER—LAW OF THE UNITED STATES. 1 {3
For compensal ion to the comptroller of tlie trea-
. two thousand five hundred dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed m the
office of the comptroller of the treasury, being the
sum appropriated for the service of the year one
thousand eight hundred and fifteen, thirteen thou-
sand three hundred and sixteen dollars andfive cents.
For compensation to the messenger in said office,
four hundred and ten dollars.
For compensation to additional clerks to be em-
ployed in the office of the comptroller of the trea-
sury, two thousand two hundred dollars.
For expense of stationary, printing and contin-
gent expenses in the comptroller's office, eight
hundred dollars.
For compensation to the auditor of the treasury,
three thousand dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
auditor's office, being the sum appropriated for the
nervice of the year one thousand eig-ht hundred and
fifteen, ten thousand one hundred and thirty-two
dollars and sixty-five cents, and the further sum oi
two thousand five hundred dollars.
For compensation to the messenger in said office,
four hundred and ten dollars.
For compensation to additional clerks to be em-
ployed in the office of the auditor, four thousand
dollars.
For expense of stationary, printing and contin-
gent expenses in the auditor's office, eight hundred
dollars.
For compensation to the treasurer, three thou-
sand dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
treasurer's office, being the sum appropriated, for
the service of the year one thousand eight hundred
and fifteen, four thousand two hundred and forty
dollars and four cents.
For compensation to the messenger in said office
four hundred and ten dollars.
For compensation to additional clerks to be em-
ployed in the treasurer's office, one thousand two
hundred dollars.
For expenses of stationary, printing and contin-
gent expenses iu the treasurer's office, eight hun-
dred dollars.
For compensation to- the commissioner of the
general land office, three thousand dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
office of the commissioner of the general land of-
fice, ten thousand two hundred and fifty dollars.
For compensation to the messenger in said olHce,
four hundred and ten dollars.
For stationary, printiVtg and contingent expenses
in the general land office, including vellum tin-
land patents, three thousand seven hundred dollars.
For arrears cf compensation due to the chief
•clerk in the office of the said commissioner, three
hundred and twelve dollars and fiftv cents.
For compensation to the commissioner of the re-
venue, three thousand dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
office of the commissioner of the revenue, being the
sum appropriated for the service of the year one
thousand eight hundred and fifteen, nine thousand
dollars.
For compensation to the messenger in said office,
four hundred and ten dollars.
For stationary, printing and contingent expenses,
including the paper, printing and stamping- of li-
cences, in the office of said commissioner, three
thousand two hundred dollars.
For compensation to the register of the treasu
:-y. two thousand four hundred dollars
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
office of the register of the treasury, being the sum
appropriated for the service of the year one thou-
sand eight hundred ar.cl fifteen, sixteen thousand
two hundred and twenty-eight dollars and thirty-
two cents.
For compensation to the messenger :n said office
four hundred and ten dollars.
For compensation to additional clerks to be em-
ployed in the office of the register of the treasury,
eight hundred dollars.
For expense 'of stationary, including books for
the public stocks, printing the public accounts, and
other contingent expenses of the register's office,
two thousand eight, hundred and ninety dollars.
For fuel and other contingent expenses of tV-
treasury department, including rent, of the build-
ings now occupied by the departmentment, cxncn--".
of removing1 the records during the late war, trans-
porting the sanie to the building preparing for them,
cost of furniture for the offices, cases for the fire-
proof, and compensation to a superintendant and
two watchmen employed for the security" of the
treasury buildings, fifteen thousand dollar.*.
For the purchase of books, maps and charts for
the treasury department, one thousand dollars.
For compensation to the secretary to the com-
missioners of the sinking* fund, two hundred and
fifty dollars.
For cost of vellum for patents for military' boun-
ty lands, printing them, and record books and
wheels for military bounty lottery in the office of
the commissioner of the general land office, seven-
teen thousand three hundred dollars.
For compensation to two clerks to be employed
in the said office, to write and record the patents,
seventeen hundred dollars.
For compensation to the secretary of war, four
thousand five hundred dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
office of the secretary of war, being the sum ap-
propriated for the service of the year one thousand,
eight hundred and fifteen, fifteen thousand two
hundred and thirty dollars.
For compensation to the messenger and his as-
sistants in said office, seven hundred and ten dollars.
For expense of fuel, stationary, printing and
other contingent expenses in the office of the secre-
tary of war, three thousand dollars.
For compensation to the accountant of the war
department, two thousand dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
office of the accountant of the war department,
being the sum appropriated for the service of the
year one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, four-
teen thousand seven hundred and seventy -five dolls..
For compensation to the messenger in said office,
four hundred and ten dollars.
For compensation for additional clerks to be em-
ploy eel in the office of the accountant of the war
department, six thousand live hundred dollars.
For expense of fuel, stationary, printing and other
contingent expenses in said office, two thousand
dollars.
For compensation to the paymaster of the army,
two thousand dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
paymaster's office, being the sum appropriated for
the service of the year one thousand eight hundred
and fifteen, thirteen thousand three hundred dollars.
For additional compensation of fifteen per cent,
to the clerks employed in said office, on the sum
hereinbefore appropriated", one thousand nine hun-
dred and ninetv-fivc dollars.
NILES* WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1816.
For compensation to the messenger in said office,
four hundred and ten dollars.
For expense of fuel, stationary, printing1 and other
Contingent expenses of the office of the paymaster,
l\vo thousand dollars.
For compensation to the superintendant-general
of military supplies, three thousand dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
office of the superintendant-general of military sup--
plies, being- the sum appropriated for the service of
tiie year one thousand eight hundred and fifteen,
S'-ven thousand dollars.
For compensation to the messenger in said office,
fvjiir hundred and ten dollars.
For expense of fuel, stationary, printing and other
conlingent expenses in the office uf the superinten-
dent-general of military supplies, six hundred dol-
lars.
For compensation to the commissary-general of
purchases, three thousand dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
o'nce of the said commissary, being the sum ap-
propriated for the service of the year one thousand
eight hundred and fifteen, two thousand eight hun-
dred dollars.
For contingent expenses in the said office of com-
niis-:ar} -general of purchases, nine hundred and
thirty dollars.
For compensation to the clerks in the adjutant
jind inspector-general's office, one thousand eight
hundred dollars.
For compensation to the secretary of the navy,
four thousand five hundred dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
office of the secretary of the navy, being the sum
appropriated for the service of the year one thou-
sand eight hundred and fifteen, seven thousand
two hundred and thirty-five dollars.
For compensation to the messenger in said office,
four hundred and ten dollars.
For expense of fuel, stationary, printing and other
contingent expenses ii) said office, two thousand
five hundred dollars.
For compensation to the accountant of the navy,
two thousand dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
office of the accountant of the navy, being the sum
appropriated for the service of the year one thou-
sand eight hundred and fifteen, twelve thousand
two hundred dollars.
For compensation to the messenger in said office,
four hundred and ten dollars.
For compensation to additional clerks to be em-
ployed in the office of said accountant, two thou-
sand five hundred dollars.
For contingent expenses of the office of said ac-
countant, one thousand two hundred and fifty dolls.
For compensation to the commissioners of the
navy board, ten thousand five hundred dollars.
For compensation of the secretary of the navy-
board, two thousand dollars.
Fur compensation of the clerks employed in the
office of the navy board, including the sum of two
hundred and fifry dpllars for the service of the pre-
ceding year, two thousand five hundred dollars.
Fqr compensation of the messenger, including the
sum of three hundred and seven dollars and fiuy
cents for the service of the preceding year, seve
hundred and seventeen dollars and fifty cents
For the contingent expenses of the navy board,
including the sum of one thousand five hundrec
dollars for the service of the preceding year, foui
thousand dollars.
For compensation to the post-master-general
thousand dollars.
For compensation to the assistant-post-master-
general, one thousand seven hundred dollars.
For compensation to the second assistant post-
naster-general, one thousand six hundred dollars.
For compensation to the clerks employed in the
general-post-office, being the amount appropriated
"or the service of the year one thousand eight hun-
dred and fifteen, fifteen thousand one hundred dolls..
For compensation to additional clerks, four thou-
and two hundred and five dollars.
For deficiency in appropriation for clerk hire for
he year one thousand eight hundred and fifteen^,
line hundred and thirty-five dollars.
For compensation to the messenger and assistant
messenger, six hundred and sixty dollars.
For contingent expenses of the general post*
ffice, three thousand six hundred dollars.
For compensation to the several commissioners
of loans, and for allowance to certain commission-
ers of loans in lieu of clerk hire, fourteen thousand
-c hundred and fifty dollars.
For compensation to the clerks of sundry com-
nissioners of loans, and to defray the authorized ex-
penses of the several loan offices, thirteen thousand
even hundred dollars.
For compensation to the surveyor-general and-his
clerks, four thousand one hundred dollars.
For compensation to the surveyor of lands scutl*
)f Tennessee, and his clerks, and for the contingent
expenses of his office, three thousand two hundred
dollars.
For compensation to the officers and clerks of the
nint, nine thousand six hundred dollars.
For wages to persons in the different operations
f the mint, including the sum of six hundred dol-
ars allowed to an assisstant engraver, five thousand
Lollars.
For repairs of furnaces, cost of iron and ma-
chinery, rents and other contingent expenses of the
mjnt, two thqusand four hundred and eighty dolls.
For allowance for wastage in the gold and silver
coinage, one thousand five hundred dollars.
For the purchase of copper to coin into cents,
ifteen thousand dollars.
For compensation to the governor, judges and
ecretary of the Indiana territory, six thousand six
nindred dollars.
For stationary, office rent, an4 other contingent
expenses of said territory, three hundred and fifty
dollars.
For compensation to the governor, judges and
ecretary of the Mississippi territory, nine thou-
and dollars.
For stationary, office rent, and other contingent
•xpenses of sai'd territory, three hundred, and fifty
lollars.
For compensation to the governor, judges and
secretary of the Missouri territory, seven thousand
eight hundred dolla"s.
For stationary, office rent, and other contingent
expenses of said territory, three hundred and fifty
dollars.
For compensation to the governor, judges and
secretary of the Michican territory, six thousand
six hundred dollars.
For stationary, office rent and other contingent
expenses of said territory, three hundred and fifty
dolls.
For compensation to the governor, judges and
secretary of Illinois territory, six thousand six
hundred dollars.
For stationary, office rent and other contingent
expenses of said territory, three hundred and fifty
dollars.
For defraying the expenses incurred, by printing
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— COMMODORE MACDONOUGH. 145
the laws fcf said territory, one thousand one hun-
dred and seventy-six dollars and twenty-five cents.
Tor the discharge of such demands against the
United States on account of the civil department,
not otherwise provided for, as shall have been ad-
mitted in due course of settlement, at the treasury,
two thousand dollars.
For compensation granted by law to the chief
justice, the associate Judges and district judges of
the United States, including the chief justice and
associate judges of the district of Columbia, sixty
thousand dollars.
For compensation to the attorney -general of the
United States, three thousand dollars.
For the compensation of sundry district attorneys
and marsluils, as granted by law, including those in
the several territories, seven thousand eight hun-
dred and fifty dollars.
For defraying the expenses of the supreme, cir-
cuit and district courts of the United States, in-
cluding the district of Columbia, and the jurors and
witnesses, in aid of the funds arising from fines,
penalties and forfeitures, and for defraying the ex-
penses of prosecutions for offences against the Uni-
ted States, and for the safe keeping of prisoners,
forty thousand dollars.
For the payment of sundry pensions granted by
the late government, eight hundred and sixty dolls.
For the payment of the annual allowance to the
invalid pensioners of the United States, one hundred
and twenty thousand dollars.
For making the road from Cumberland, in the
•state of Maryland, to the state of Ohio, three hun-
dred thousand dollars, to be repayed out of the fund
reserved for laying out and making roads to the
state of Ohio, by virtue of seventh section of an act,
passed on Uie thirteenth of April, one thousand
eight hundred and two, entitled "An act to enable
the people of the eastern division of the territory
north west of the river Ohio to form a constitution
.and state government, and for the admission of such
state into the union on an equal footing with the
original states, and for other purposes.
For4he maintenance and support of light houses,
beacofs, buoys and public piers, stakeages of chan-
nels, bars and shoals, including the purchase and
transportation of oil, keepers' salaries, repairs and
improvements, and contingent expenses, ninety-
seven thousand four hundred and sixty-four dollars.
To replace the amount heretofore' appropriated
for defraying the expense of surveying the coast of
the United States, which was carried to the surplus
fund on the thirty -first of December, one thousand
eight hundred and fourteen, twenty-nine thousand
seven hundred and twenty dollars and fifty seven
cents.
For defraying the expense of ascertaining and ad-
justing land titles in Louisiana, five thousand dolls.
For defraying the expense of surveying the pub-
lic lands within the several territories "of the United
States, including the expense of surveys of private
claims in Louisiana; for ascertaining the boundaries
of the state of Ohio; of surveying the township lines
in the Creek purchase, and of the salaries of two
principal deputies in the state of - Louisiana, one
hundred and sixty three thousand four hundred
dollars.
For defraying the expense of printing certificates
/if registry and other documents for vessels, five
thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars.
For the discharge of such miscellaneous claims
against the United [States,] not otherwise provided
for, as shall have been admitted in due course of
settlement at the treasury, four t-hoirsand dollars.
For the salaries, allowances and contingent ex-
penses of ministers to foreign nations, and of
secretaries of legation, one hundred and fourteen
tlvousand dollars.
For the contingent expenses of intercourse be-
tween the United States and foreign nations, fifty
thousand dollars.
For the expenses necessary during the present
year for earning into effect the fourth, sixth and
seventh articles of the treaty of peace concluded
with his Britannic majesty at Ghent, on the twenty
fourth of December, one' thousand eight hundred
and fourteen, including the compensation of the com-
missioners appointed under those articles, twenty
three thousand three hundred and thirty two dol-
lars.
For the salaries of the agents of claims on ac-
count of captures, at London, Paris, and Copenhagen
at two thousand dollars each, six thousand dollars.
For replacing- the sum of twenty fiv^ thousand
dollars, heretofore appropriated and Carried to the
surplus fund in the year one thousand eight hundred,
and fifteen, for objects in relation to the intercourse
with the Barbary states, twenty five thousand dol-
lars.
For making good a deficiency in the appropriation
of last year for the intercourse with foreign nations,
arising from the difference in the exchange in trans-
mitting the money to Europe, and in the drafts of
ministers and agents there upon bankers, and to
meet similar expenses the present year fifty thou-
sand dollars.
To replace the sum of two thousand dollars, being-
part of an appropriation 6f five thousand dollars,
appropriated by an act of the third of March, one
thousand eight hundred and eleven, to discharge
claims on account of depredations committed by
the Osage Indians, and since carried to the surplus
fund, two thousand dollars.
For the expenses of intercourse with the Barbary
powers, forty seven thousand dollars.
For the relief of distressed American seamen
for the present year, and to make good a deficiency
in the preceding year, fifty thousand dollars.
Sec. 2. *ind be it further enacted, That the sevoraT
appropriations hereinbefore made, shall be paid and
discharged out of the fund of six hundred thousand
dollars reserved by the act making provision for
the debt of the United States, and out of any
monies in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.
H. CLAY,
Speaker of the house Representalr,
JOHN GAILLARI),
President of the Senate pro tempi/re*
April 16, 1816 — APPRO v^n,
JAMES MADISOX
Commodore Mactlonough.
In the supplement to the 7th volume of the WEEKI>V
RKGISTRR, we have already published a neat bio-
graphical sketch of the victor of Champluin. The
following1 anecdote from another sketch inserted
in the JLnalectit. JWagazine, shews the hero in a
character that will, if it be possible, yet more
endear him to his countrymen. It was a noble
deed!
"During the forenoon of a day, in which captain
Smith was on shore, a merchant brig under the co-
lors of the United States, cume into port, [Gibraltar]
and anchored a-head, and close to the Siren, [late
United Slates' brig.] Soon after a. b©at was sent
from a British frigate then lying in the harbor, on
District 'Tonnage.
Letter from the secretary of the treasury, trans-
mitting the annual statement of the district ton-
nage of the United States, on the 31st day of
December, 1314; with a letter from the register
of the treasury explanatory of the same. — Janu-
ary 22d, 1816. — Read, and ordered to lie upon the
fable.
Treasury Dcpartinent, January 20f/i, 1816.
vSru — I have the honor to transmit the annual
statement of the district tonnage of the (inited
States on the 31st day of December, 1814; wi'th a
J inter from the register of the treasury explanatory
of the same.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir,
your most obedient servant,
A. J. DALLAS.
The honorable t?/c speaker
••f the hor.ss o£rfpresfnla!i:P&.
TREASURY DKPAIITMENT,
Register's Office, January 18///, 181 '5;
nave the honor to transmit the annual
statement to the 31st December, 181-1, of the dis*
trict tonnage of the United States.
rr,, . Tons, 95thf
ine registered tonnage as corrected
at this office, for the year 1814, is
stated at 674,632 63
The enrolled and licensed tonnage is
stated, from the quarter-yearly ac-
counts, a* rendered by the collec-
*or!' *.* 466,159 08
ihe fishing vessels atr 18,417 18
Amounting to
146 NILES WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1816,
grr^ — . ' ~ — rj
board this brig. And after remaining alongside a
little while, the boat returned with one man more
than sJtc ii-etil -ioitli. This circumstance attracted th
notice of Macdonough, who sent lieutenant Pag
en board the brig to know the particulars of th
affair. Mr. Page returned with information that the
man hart-been* pressed by the boat from the Britisl
frigate, although he had a protection as an America!
born citizen. Immediately on the receipt of this
information, Macdonomgh ordered the Siren's gig t<
be manned and armed, and putting himself in her
vent in pursuit of the boat, determined to rescue
his countryman. He overtook her alongside the
British ffigate, just as the man at the bow was
raising his boat hook to reach the ship, and took
out the American by force, although the other boat
lud eight oars and his only four, and carried him
on board of the Siren.
When the report of this affair was made to the
captain of the British frigate, he came on board
the Siren in a great rage, and desired to know how
Macdonough dared to take a man from one of
his majesty's boats. The lieutenant, -with great
politeness, asked him down into the cabin; this he
refused, at the same time repeating the same
demand with abundance of threats. Macdonough
then told him with firmness, that he was not
accountable to him but to captain Smith, for his
conduct. The Englishman threw out some threats
that he would take the man by force, and said he
would iiaul the frigate alongside the Siren for that
purpose. To this Macdonougb, replied, "he sup-
posed his ship could sink the Siren, but as long as
.she could swim, he should keep the man." The
English captain said to Macdonough, *<you are a
very young, and a very indiscreet young .man; sup-
pose I had been in the boat what would you have
done ?" "I would have taken the man, or lost my
life." "What — sir, would you attempt to stop me
if I were now to attempt to impress men from that
brigr" "I would, and to convince yourself, you
have only to make the attempt." On this the Eng-
lishman went on board his ship, and shortly after-
wards was seen in his boat, bearing her in a direc-
tion for the American merchant brig. Macdonough
ordered his bout manned and armed, got into her
himself, and was in readiness for pursuit. The Eng-
lishman took a circuit round the American brig-,
And returned again to the frigate. When captain
Smith came on board, lie jus tilled the conduct of
Macdonough, and declared his intention to protect
Ihe American seaman."
1,159,208 89
The tonnage on which duties were collected
luring the year 1814, amounted as follows:
Registered tonnage paying duty on
each voyage, 53,7-55 -p
Enrolled anu licensed tonnage em-
ployed in the coasting trade paying
an animal duty, 189,661 82
Fishing vessels the same, 16,'453 03
Note — Duties were also paid on ton-
nage, owned by citizens of the Uni-
ted States, engaged in foreign trade,
not registered,
264,871 2Q
1,029 73
Total amount of tonnage on which
duties were collected "for 1814, 265,900 93
The registered tonnage being cor-
rected for the year 1814, according
to the mode prescribed for the go-
vernment of the collectors of the
several districts, as stated in the
communication made to congress
the 27th of February, 1802, and in
conformity with the intimation con-
tained in the register's letter of the
7th of December, 1811, may be con-
sidered nearly the true amount of
that description of tonnage, 674,632 6$»
The enrolled and licensed tonnage is
stated at the amount upon which
the annual duty was collected in*
1812, on that description of tonnage,
as being nearer the probable amount
than the above, stated from the col-
lectors' returns to the 30th of De-
cember, 1814, or of the dutied, en-
rolled, and licensed tonnage to that
period, which, from being one of
the years of the war, is much below
the true amount, 3,38,196 19
The fishing vessels as above, 16,453 03
Amounting to 1,029,281 85
Of the enrolled and licensed tonnage
amounting, as before stated, to
466,156 08 tons, there were em-
ployed in the whale fishery, 561 55
It appears by the collector's abstracts, that
29,039 90 tons new vessels were built, whereof
13,445 55 tons were registered, and 15,594 35 tons
vere enrolled, during the year 1814.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir,
•our obedient humble servant,
JOSKPH NOUJ18E, Register*
-jK. .1 J. l}iMc:>.. wntury of (he Ireti&ury.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— DISTRICT TONNAGE.
ABSTRACT of the tonnage of the shipping of the several districts of the United States
on the last day of December, 1814.
c =r
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148 NINES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1816,
ABSTRACT continued.
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NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—FOREIGN ARTICLES.
149
ABSTRACT continued.
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RECAPITULATION
Of the tonnage of the United States for the year 1814,
The aggregate amount of the tonnage
of the United States on the 31st of
December, 1814, is stated at 1,159,208 89
Whereof — Per-
manent regis-
tered tonnage 549,572 26
Temporary do. 125,060 37
Total registered tonnage 674,632 62
Permanent enroll-
ed and licensed
tonnage 414,479 81
Temporary do. 20,658 68
Total enrolled and li-
censed tonnage,(«) 435,138 54
Licensed ton-
nage under 20
tons employed
in the coasting-
trade 40,445 44
Do. cod fishery 8,992 23
Total licensed tonnage
under 20 tons 49,437 67
As above,
Of the en-
rolled and li-
censed tonnage,
there was em-
ployed in the
coasting trade 425,713 50
n the whale
fishery 561 55
n the cod fish.
8,863 35
1,159,208 89
As above., 435,138 40
Treasury Department,
Register's Office, Jan. 18th, 1816.
JOSEPH NOURSK, Seffiifa.
Foreign Articles.
We rarely have accounts from Paris without in.
ormation of some persons being arrested and con-
Hed an secret — that is, to prevent them from having
ommunication with any person.
SCRAPS.— Petitions are pouring into the British
arliament against the property tax. There have
een some new disturbances in the south of France,
'wenty-six commercial houses have stopped pay-
nent at Glasgow. Talleyrand is rapidly rising in
onsequence and power— he appears to "be treated
'ith great respect by the king and his constable of
ranee, Wellington. It is stated that Lucien Bona-
arte has converted his property into cash, and is
xmt to proceed to the United States. Sir Robert
Vilson, &c. have been refused bail — they are still
i confinement. The court of Baden has" subscrib-
the act of the confederation of Vienna. Soult,
is said, will establish himself in Prussia. Louis
is ordered monuments to be erected to the me-
01 j of Moreau and Plchegru. We have reports ot
irigus disturbances at Berlin. Some difficulty ap-
ears to exist between the courts of Rome and Vi-
respccting the bishops of Lombardy. The
of Wel^rtjton was still at Paris. Many eir.U
150 KILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, AFftlL 27, 1816.
grations are making from Prance, to any and almost ( Mason, N. H. Mason, Va. Tait, Thompson, Tichenor, Turner Wfl-
every part of the world. Speaking of America, aj"1"
private letter says — "We would suppose the whole,
nation, like the Goths and Gauls of old, were ready!
to go over en masse." The king of France is to have (>l! * m°tion of Mr. Harper, to strike out the whole
for his guard 12,000 Swiss troops— this is "restoru- Provislon fixing a minimum price on imported cot-
tion.'" The iron hand of despotism, civil and reli- tons> the vote was as follows:
, We
On motion of Mr. Dana, to strike out the follow-
lowing section of the bill :
Sec. 8. JLnd be it further enacted, That the act
gious, rules in Spain; all that Bonaparte did was x^L TaT^n'm-^^
tender mercy to the doings of Ferdinand the un-j* NAYs-Mews. Barry, "l>Brown. Campbell, chare, Comlit, Dag--
grateful and fool. A notice Of the appointment of|felt' Fromentin, Horsey, Hunter, King, Lacock, Mas.in, Va. Mor-
*J&eu.uharwiis as generalissimo of the Bavarian army, -°
was suppressed in the JParis papers — the press of
Vrance is dungeoned. The manufactories of Scot-
land are in a very melancholy state of depression,:
notwithstanding the emperor of Russia is said to (passed the third day of March, oVie'thousahd'ei^ht
kave ordered 750,000 suits of regimentals of Bri-i hundred and fifteen, entitled "An act torepeafso
tish manufacture. much of the several acts imposing duties on the'ton-
The correspondence between Don OMS and ourjnage of ships and vessels, and on goods, wares, and
government had just reached England. The Lon-j merchandise imported into the United States, as
irlon editors attach considerable importance to it, imposes a discriminating duty on tonnage between
and appear to think it may lead to a rupture between foreign vessels, and vessels of the United Stales,
and between goods imported into the United States
in foreign vessels and vessels of the United States,"
shall apply and be in full force as to the discriminut-
fhe two countries
General Lefebvre Desnouettes arrived in Philadel-
phia some time ago.
France.
One of the proscribed in
AMERICA AND EXGLAXD. — In a debate (Feb. 14) in
ing duties established by this act on the tonnage of
foreign vessels, and the goods, wares, and merchan-
the house of commons, a member said, the spirit t disc therein imported.
and animostity in America would justify an increase! The vote was as follows :
of the naval force in the West-Indies. This called! YEAS.— Messrs. Daggett, Dana, Froraemin, Chilian?, Goro,
up lord Castlereagh, who said— "As to America, if it | iSSf \ftffi3?1 MM°n' N* Hl Hoberts« Sanford' T}">ral«<»>=
is said great prejudices exist there against us; it \v
he said, his most earnest wish to discountenance
this feeling on both sides, and to promote between
the two nations feelings of reciprocal amity and re-
gard. Certainly there were no t\vo countries whose
interests \veremorenaturallyand closely connected;
and he hoped that the course which the govern-
ment of each country was pursuing was such as
would consolidate the subsisting peace, promote
harmony between the nations, ana prevent on either
side the recurrence of any acts of animosity."
Mr. Colquhoun, the celebrated magistrate of Lon-
don, states, in a late report, that 90UO boys live by be directed to report jointly to the senate, in the
thieving in that metropolis. [first week of the next session of congress, a plan,*
London, Feb. 28. — Paris papers, to the 25th inst.jto insure the annual settlement of the public ac-
arrived yesterday. It appears from them that amidsi counts, and a more certain accountability of the
all the rejoicings and festivities of loyally, which,
have lately taken place in the capital the spirit of
disaffection has been manifested in the provinces,
and even acts of insurrection committed at Thras-
con, in the south of France. For two days the great-
est excesses took place; the jails were broken open,
r NAY,s'TMc»«' Barbour, Barry, Brown, Campbell, Chace, Cor-,
dit, Goldsborough Harper. Homy, Laeock, Mason, Va. Morrow,
Rugglcs. lalboi, lait, 1 urner, Varmint, Williams, Wilsoii-i«. ,,
On the question "Shall the amendments be en-
grossed, and the bill be read a third time ?" The
vote was as follows :
YEAS.-Mesrs. Barry, Brown, Campbell, Chacr, Condjt Dar-
gelt, Fromentin, Gaillard, Horsey, Hunter, King, Laeock, Manon.
Va. Morrow, Rooms, Rubles, Sanlord. Talbot, Tait, Thompson?
'Ijcbtuor, Varnnm, Wells, Williams, Wilson— 25.
NAYS,— Messrs. Bar'jour, Goldsboroiigh, Gore, Harper, Macon.
Mason, N. II. Turner— 7.
dpfilZO.— On motion of Mr. Macon,
Resolved, That the secretaries of the departments
public expenditure in their respective departments.
The senate resumed the consideration of the
motion yesterday submitted by Mr. JILtson of Vir-
ginia, and agreed to the same in the words follow-
ing:
'flesoh'fd, That the secretaries of war luul of the
into the expediency of
the prisoners liberated, the judges intimidated, the Navy be directed to inquire i
prefect obliged to fly; and the national guard when iauth'orizing t lie secretary of the treasury 'to subscribe
called upon refused to act, thus proving its pympa- fifty thousand dollars to the Great Coastwise Canal
thy with the insurgents or U> tl; tad of tlieir nuin-jand Itiver Navigation company, incorporated by the
legisiature of Virginia, for the purpose of cutting a
Caital irbrr) the port of Norfolk, through the eastern
branch ofElixabeth Uivcr, to the channel of Currituck.
Sound, 0:1 the terms and conditions proposed by the
president and directors of the said Great Coastwise
Canal and 1'ivu1 Navigation company, and that the
said secretaries / be also directed to report their
opinions on this subject to congress at the com-
mencement of its next session; and also to report
their opinions of the comparative public adv:oU;.j;cn
to be derived from that Canal, and the Cin.u through
the Dismal Swamp, mentioned by the score tur-y of
the treasury, in his report en the subject o!' i»<,;uis
and Canals, made in pursuance, of a res>oi.ution of"
the senate of March?, 1S-J7.
Several other bills were read the third time and
bers. The melancholy fr.cts unfortunately admit of
no doubt, for they are distinctly stated in' the royal
ordinance, which it has been found necessary "to
issue on this occasion, and which is given among
oxir extracts.
CONGRESS
S1CVATK.
+1pril 19. The bill "to regulate the the duties on
Imports and tonnage," being under consideration—
The following were the only propositions to
amend, on which the. yeas and nays were taken.
On a motion of Mr/J&uon, of*N. II. to reduce
the minimum price of cotton goods from twem v-iive
ents 1o twenty cents per square yard, the vote was Several ot
s follows : committed.
The sejiate resumed the consideration of the bill
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-CONGRESS.
151
«'b- ormmi/ing the general Staff, and making fiir-| The committee of the whole proceeded to con.
a : . »„ ., ° _/>.u. TT.,:*~,I c*o**c " 1 sider the bill from the senate to increase the com-
ther provision for the army of the United States.
On the question to concur in an amendment t
add to the officers of the corps of engineers, two
brigadier generals, to be attached to that corps, the
vote was as follows:
YEAS.-Messrs. .Barhour, Barry. Brown. Chace, F™ment,n,
CaiHard" Hunter, Lacock, Masou, Va. Morrow, Ruggles, Talbot,
Tait. Turner Williams. — 15.
V AYS.- Messrs. Condit. Dajr^ett. GoMshoroucrh, Gore, Harper,
HorseT Kin? Mason. N. H. Roberts, Sanford, Thompson, iiclie-
Bor. Varnum, Wells, Wilson— 16.
The bill, as amended, was ordered to oe engrossed
pensation of our ministers resident at the courts of
London, Paris and St. Petersburg, to the sum of
12,000 dollars, instead of the present allowance oV
9000 dollars per annum.
After discussion, and a decision against a motion
to reduce the sum in the bill to 9000 dollars— the
bill ordered was to a third reading.
Adjourned to Monday.
Monday, Jpril 22— The amendments of the senate
to the bill to regulate the assessment of the direct
for a third reading. , tas g,c were concurred in.
The senate resumed the consideration o sp.vpr.il unimnovtnnt bills
resolution for presenting medals and the thanks
of congress to major general Harrison and governor
Shelby. On the question to concur in the previous
Shelby.
decision to strike out the name of major general
William Henry Harrison, it was decided in the
negative, as fellows:
YRAS.— Messrs. Campbell. Da^ett. GaiUard. Core, K.ns, Lfl-
tock, Mason, X. H. Mason, Va. Roberts, Tait, Ticheiior, 1 urner.
Tarinnn-13.
NAYS- Messrs. Barbonr, Barry, Chace, Comlit. Harper. Horsey,
Maeon, Morrow, Kuggles, Sani«rd, Talbot, Wells, Williams,
\Vilson-14.
The resolution was then, on motion of Mr. Horsey,
Several unimportant bills were pissed.
Mr. Pleasants, from the naval committee, report-
ed a bill to fix the peace establishment of the ma-
rine corps [reducing it to one thousand non-com-
missioned officers and privates;] which was twice
read and committed.
The house proceeded to take up the bill to pro-
vide for collecting the public revenues in the law-
ful monies of the country — (to enforce the payment
of specie.)
Mr. CaUionn moved to amend the bill by adding
several additional sections authorising the issue of
recommitted to the military committee. | > millions of treasury notes, not to bear interest
The bill "to regulate the duties on imports nml!0r befunclablc, to be received in all dues to the U.
tonnage, was read a third time as amended, passed,
and returned to the other house.
The bill "to provide more effectually for the pay-
ment of specie by the several banks within the Dis-
trict of Columbia," was, on motion of Mr. Tait,
postponed to a day bevond the session.
1 . '~ •.. • " J • ., 4.1. „ 1 '11 i
States, providing the usual penalties for counter-
feiting, &c.
The amendments were ordered to be printed, &c-
The house then took up the unfinished business of
Friday; being the bill from the senate to increase
the salaries of our ministers at the courts of St.
After spending some time on the bill for the relief Petersburg, Paris and London, [to 12,000 dollars
of Isaac Briggs, the senate adjourned. | per annum;] which bill had passed through a com-
illrril 22. The senate was this day engaged, on • mittee of the whole; and the question now was,
various business — among other proceedings, the [whether it should be engrossed and read a third
bill for thc organization of the staff department of time. This question was decided in the negative as
the army, was read a third time and passed— 15 "
votes to 11.
April 23. The senate was this day principally
engaged on executive business. A rapid progress
was also made in that body in legislative business.
April 24. Much business Was done, which may
be noticed hereafter. The senate resolved to ad-
journ on \Vedncsday next, sine die.
norsF. OF iirriU'.riUXTATiVEs.
Friday, April 1 9. After disposing of a great deal
of business of various but not very important cha- h;rtson> Royt< uu^irt.Soi.'timn!, St«.ms.stroii?, sUrt, st«
Dieter — Mr. Johnson of Ivy. after a few prefatory JTate, J'au], lYliair. Tucker, Vosc, Wallace, Wiuieskle, Wi
remarks, moved the following resolutions, which I Wi»ia™.»' vrmoughby- 67
were successively agreed to:
Re-solved, That the secretary of war be requested;
follows:
• YK AS— Messrs. Archer, Atherton, B.ier. Befts, Brecfcenriclpr,
Callioiin, Chapprll, Cuthbert. Forney, Gaston, Grosvenor, In^ha.n.
Johnson, Va. King, N. C. Love, Lovett, Lowiides. I, yon, Mayraur,
Mnrt'ree, Nelson Ms. Nelson Va. \>wtnn. Pickering,' l'!easam%. Sa-
vage, Sdienck, Shr-tVey, Sinitli,Md. Taggart, WaiM, Mass. Wilkin,
Wm. Wilsnn, \Yoodward, Wright, Yancev— 36.
NAYS-J
Boss
Chipmnn.
lingta)!, Davenport, Deslin, MdwarUs. Glasgow, Halm, Hale. Hani
son, Haiilin, Hawes. Ilei^ter. Herbert, Hungerlbril, Irwin. Pa. I.an^-
don, I.aM, Lenis, Lnmpkin. I.ylc, Marsh, Mason, McCoy. ML L-un.
Ky. Milnor, NoVes. Or,tisb>, Pitkin, Kreil ReynoliU, HOD lie, Ro-
— Messrs. Adi^ite. Alexander, Harbour, Bennett, Birdsall,
nidbury, Brooks, Brown, Bv>an. Ca;ly. Camion, Clianipion,
n. Cilley. Clonwu, Crawlbnl, frociitryn, Culpepper. i):ir-
So the bill was rejected.
The committee then took up the bill for the relief
opmion to promote the emciency
called into the public service.
Jte.iohcd, That the sccretarv of wa:* be required
report if there be uuv, and, if any, whatmodiiica-'- was la;d °" lhc 1;ible» and the lattct' ordered to
, is necessary in relation to thc va- thll'(1 «*$»*- Tlis house then adjourned.
Thc bills were reported to the ho'tsc wiiiiotit
t — Thc former, on motion of Mr. Tucker^
tion or alteration is necessary
rious branches of the war department, for the faith-
Tuesday, ^pril 23. Mr. Lovcndcs, from the com-
ful execution of their duties; and to suggest any [mittee of ways and means, reported on thc amen cl-
an
-O, IV Hlk IV Olat^J^^J*> CEBIT I »*1*VVW WQ .ttl>?tlll\.l.llIV-ll:l.-:>, ALjJVJlH^lWIlLIIUUIllCMH
plan which, in his opinion, will proraote the public j ments of the senate on the taj-if!', recommending a
interest and despatch of business, by responsibility agreement thereto, which report was committed.
On motion of Mr. Colfionntlie house resolved it-
self iuto a committee of the whole, Mr. ^\'c'-;on} of
of officers and economy in the execution of the va-
rious duties of the war department.
The house went into a committee of the whole
on the bill to reduce the duty on licenses to retail-
ers of spirits, foreign merchandize, &c.
Mr. Pickwis moved that the bill be amended !A
inserting a proviso that no retailer of imported salt,
whose stock does not exceed 100 dollars, shall be
compelled to take out license — agreed tc.
Va. in the chair, on the bill to provide for thc in
effectual collection of the public revenue in thc
lawful money of the country — to fin'otre the pay-
ment of specie.
The amendments offered yesterday by Mr. C.\ir
hmm were read —
The first section ef which provides
152 NINES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1516.
ly) for the issue of treasury notes to the amount of
dollars, of such convenient denominations as
us the secretary of the treasury shall direct; trans-
ferable by delivery, not to bear interest; not to be
fiindable; to be re'ceived everywhere in dues to the
United States; and may be re-issued from time to
time.
The 2d, 3d and 4t.h sections provide for the pre-
paring-, signing-, and issuing the treasury notes, for
paying1 the expense thereof, and the usual penalties
for counterfeiting- them.
The 5th section provides, that the secretary of
the treasury shall issue said notes upon loan to
the bank of the United States, or any state bank
applying1 therefor, on such terms as he shall deem
necessary, having1 regard to the circumstances of
«-ach case, and the security of the United States, at
rate of interest not less than
per cent, per
annum; but not loan to any state bank more than a
moiety of their capital pai'cl in; these loans to be re-
imbursable in three equal annual instalments, com-
puted from the date of the respective loans; and be
'.Kiid for as they become due, in the legal coin or in
treasury notes. [The moiety, on motion of Mr. Smith
was subsequently converted into one-fourth.}
The 6th section authorizes the secretary of the
treasury to issue said notes at their pal- value to in-
dividuals, companies, and receive in payment there-
for the United States stocks; but the amount sold
for funded debt not to exceed [five] millions; the
notes so sold to be taken out of the annual appro-
priations for the sinking fund, and the funded debt
thus acquired, to be transferred to the commission-
ers of the sinking fund, and by them applied as
the law directs witli other funded debt.
The 7th section makes it the duty of the secre-
oiry of the treasury, annually, to withdraw from
circulation, and to cancel a portion of said treasu-
ry notes, equal to one-third of the amount issued.
The 8th section of the amendments provides
•hat the future issues of treasury notes, under the
uve millions of dollars.
The amendments being read, a long and arduous
•lebate followed. Mr. Calhoun moved to fill up the
blank with fifteen mil lions and supported the bill in
•general in a speech of some length He was op-
posed by Mr. Robertson, to whom Mr. Harbour re
plied. Mr. Tucker moved to fill the blank with
ten millions.
The motion to fal the blaul; \vithfftecn was lost
— .arts 5.7, noes 59.
Mr. Tucker then, lor the present, withdrew his
motion; and
The question on agreeing to the fir^t section ;ts
an amendment, still in blank was carried — ayes, 59,
56.
Mr. Tucker renewed his motion to fill theblailB
with leu millions.
Mr. Webster objected to the provision in its pre-
sent shape. Mr. TVewton moved to fill the blank
with thirteen millions. Mr. Grosvenor, at lengtii,
opposed the proposition altogether.
The question on filling the blank with thirteen was
negatived— ayes 58, noes 62; and the question re-
curred on the sum of ten millions.
After some further remarks — The question was
then taken on filling the blank with ten and carried
•. — ayes 66.
Mr. Webster moved to strike out of the 5th sec-
tion the words "to the bank of the United States;
which, after some discussion, was agreed to.
Motions to fix the amount of interest to be re-
JK-V cent, per annum. The last was carried—aye*
5s. noes 52
Other propositions and amendments Were offered,
bu^ nothing decided when the committee rose — and
the iiou.-f adjourned.
Wed ^-K..- ay, April 24. — After several matters had
been disposed of— The bill, which has been several
days before the house of representatives, (observes
the National Intelligencer) to provide for the collec-
tion of the revenue in specie, ike. is at length order-
ed to be read a third time, in its simple form mere-
ly directing that bank notes of banks paying specie
shall alone be received in payment of duties to the
government after a certain day. The provision for
an issue of treasury notes was" withdrawn and seve-
ral other proposed amendments rejected, amongst
which was that to impose a heavy stamp tax on the
notes of banks not paying specie. Nearly the whole
day was occupied in an arduous discussion of the
various amendments.
Thursday, April 25 — Mr. Root, from the commit-
tee appointed upon the subject of the copper and
small silver coins of the United States, made a re-
port that it was inexpedient to reduce the weight
or fineness of these coins.
The engrossed bill, providing for the more effec-
tual collection of the public revenues in the lawful
money of the country, was read the third time, and
the question was stated, "shall the bill pass?"
After a great deal of debate — the question on the
passage of the bill was decided in the negative —
yeas 59, nays 60. Yeas and nays hereafter.
The amendments of the senate to the bill to regu-
late the duties an imports and tonnage were agreed
to.
The National Intelligencer of Friday says— The
senate yesterday acted upon a multitude of bills,
having passed through the various stages about
linety.
The prevailing opinion is, now, that both houses
will finish their legislative business on Saturday,
act of Feb. 24, 1815, shall not exceed the sum of and that the house of representatives at least will
djourn on that day.
CHROJN1CLE.
Rhode-Island election. Mr. Jones (fed.) has been
re-elected governor of the state of Rhode Island by
a majority of 200 to 300 votes. The majority last
year was about 8JO. The legislature is said also to
be federal in both branches.
Appointments by the president and senate. Wm. It.
King, of North Carolina, (now a member of con-
gress) to be secretary of the legation to Russia.
Ttnmthy Upham, to be collector of Portsmouth,
N. H. in the place of Joseph Whipple, deceased.
J'tlm F. Parrott,to Ise naval officer for Portsmouth.
Undoes Jlrmn'dsll, to becoitector of the port of
Beaufort, N. C. in the place of Henry Cook, resigned.
flillu'/n Hammond, to be surveyor of the port of
North Kingstown, R.I.
Samuel /itiivkins, of New York, has been appoint-
ed the agent on the part of the United States, as au-
iiiori/eci 0}' the treaty of Ghent, for managing the
business under the 6th and 7th articles of said trea-
ty.
" James T. .Austin, of Massachusetts, has been ap-
pointed ag-er.t to perform the same duties under
the 4th article of said treaty.
William Ptjikney, of Maryland, is appointed, to
be * minister extraordinary to the court of Naples,
in addition to his embassy to Russia.
C.;pt. CHKIGIITON, of the Washington 74 is pro-.
ouired cf the banks, were proposed at 3, 5 and 6 moted to the rank of post captain.
NILES* WEEKLY REGISTER.
Xu. 10 OF Vui.. X.]
BALTlMMltf SATUkiUY, MAY 4, 1816.
[WHOM-: .vo. 244.
Hac olim me-minisse juvubit. — Vnuai..
H AMt PVRLIHHCD BY II. :VIIES, AT THE HEAD OF CHEAPSIDR, AT §5 PER AXM'M.
CT'7'o */'<? /«te and present officers of the army of the, compelled to make, and the many expences »i-cl .sub-
Cfa'fetf *«/«. scriptions called for of those who hud the power U>
give, for the multitudinous business and concerns of
GENTLKMKV-
The ediior of the WEEKLY REGISTER has the plea-
ire to present to you and his other fellow-citixens,
the war, which bore upon us with peculiar severity,
have, no doubt, prevented it. Yet (thought I would
a very laborious table, exhibiting- at one view many do my part, to the extent of my means— am! .so I had a
•ally impossible that it should be entirely so —
ukl many errors, no doubt, exist. But considering the
compilation, to a certain extent, as a national affair,
.nasmuch as it may hereafter serve for a general
that i
On the last Saturday of August next, (being the
lay for publishing the last number of the present
volume) he designs to insert a list of errors and omis-
sions for this table, as the facts shall appear, lie
Jicrefore frankly but respectfully solicits your assis-
•ance to make the correction ample and conclusive,
>.y communicating such information as you suppose
nay be useful for the purpose.
Presentation of the Register.
it is with pride that every reflecting inhabitant
)f Baltimore, of all ages, sexes and conditions, ac-
knowledges a debt of gratitude due to the vcte/an
&ODKEKS, and his gallant officers and invincible crew,
sbr their services in the defence of our city in Sep-
:ember, 1814. Whilst the great experience and tine
Clients of this distinguished man were exerted to
:heir utmost for our protection, with a perseverance
md assiduity that removed mountains of difficulties
—his presence diffused a degree of confidence and
>f repose of a value never to be estimated. His vi-
jilance and care were equally extended to the mea-
iures on land as well as by water, adopted to secure
is from an enemy that had destroyed the "monn-
'tients of the arts" at Washington, and threatened to
ivrap our city in flames, after having given it up to
che tnercif of his soldiers, callous of crime and
'mired to desolation. Whatever belonged to the
aman or the soldier was expected O^
md the expectation was ever realized with a deci-
iion uud accuracy of judgment that gave a vust
idditional force to the plans for defence — and the
another, with her helpless infant in her arms, never
heard the often joyfully repeated cxclamatioi
•'there goes commodore Rodgers!" or some of his offi-
zers or crew, without feeling something like safety
for herself and her child to be near him and tliem
But it is not for me to eulogize commodore liodgers
tiowever I may feel the gratitude we owe hi'm.—
Others of the gallant men "who supported the stai
spangled banner by land or by sea," would have serv
cd us with equal zeal and fidelity — but none could
the attacks of all sons ofvenniit, but keep his book-
case clear of them for ages. The books were for-
warded with the following presentation and letter?
PRESENTATION'.
8TATES,
III testimony of his long and faithful services to the
republic in a department which has added so imtch
(o the strength and glory of ow country —
AND IX GHAT1TUDK FOR
The soul that animated — the genius and talents ex-
erted, and the activity and perseverance displayed
for the defence of Baltimore, September, 1814*
THIS COPY or
TUB WEEKLY REGISTER,
("8 vols. in four )
Is most respectfully presented by the Editor a'nd
Proprietor, H. X1LES.
Baltimore, April 17, 1816.
COPY OF THE LETTER.
Baltimore, April 17, 1816,
COMMODORE RODUKIIS,
SI/1,— By the stage that leaves Mr. Barney's in
this city and stops at , in Washington, I have
taken the liberty to forward to you (carriage paid)
a copy of my Weekly Register, well bound, eight,
volumes in four, which I beg of you to accept, in
testimony of my respectful regard, for your many
nd arduous services to your country, and in evi-
dence of my gratitude for the strength and courage
you afforde'd "to the defences and defenders of Bal-
timore in September, 1814.
This woa-k, 1 bclieve,has been honestly devoted to
the best interests of the republic — to the mainte-
nance of its honor and a faithful history of events;
especially guarding the fair fame and reputation of
all who supported the "star spangled" banner by
land or
the he
.• by sea. And in the whole, presents, perhaps,
st record of things ever to be obtained.
It will add nothing- to the value of the work, but
may not lessen the compliment- 1 mean to pay you
to say, that this is the Jir.it copy of the Weekly
Register that has been thus disposed of; and that I
have made this disposition simply to satisfy what I
considered a duty. With great respect, sincerely
yours, &c.
II. N1LES.
THE REPLY.
irafhingtont April 19, 1816,
T accept, with much satisfaction, Ihe copy
" »vhich you have been
Sinf
of your "WEUK.LI-
have inspired our citizens with sofidl a determination 'pleased to present to me, in terms too flattering for
to defend themselves as he did— a native of our state L* tn ,.^P-,t
and familiarly known by many of our people.
We have long felt that an" acknowledgment was
to repeat.
In conveying to you my thanks on this occasion, I
cannot withhold the expression of the opinion I
l 4 n i /* i • v«***iw «
Luc .o the commodore for his exertions in our be-jgutertairi of the great value and intrinsic merit of
half, and it has been frequently spoken of that some-Lom. worics and the public benefits which have re-
thing worthy of his acceptance should be givai to'isuited from it 1 am, *ir, with great respect, yoqp
him in compliment from the citizens of Baltimore— jobd't- serv't, JNQ. RODQ.EHS.
frut the various heavy sacrifices Vie peupte *^-e| H. Nit Ksquire, Baltimore.
151
STILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, MAY'*, 1816.
LAND BATTLES.
" ~~ AMKR1CAN
\
\VHK5T
SPECIES
o1
£
i
IOSI
1
1C
"!|
a
3
1
f.
OF ACT10X.
rut; GUT.
JTAME.
OF ronxE.
f
%
i
:
J
|
1
|
:
c.
:
_i_
1
niwnstovm
lagawga
ugust4, 1812
klaior Vanhorn
-kut. col. Miller
tiflemen, vol.
J.S. Inft. militia and vol.
LJ. S. Inft. 340 1
200
600
3340
18
«30
58
76
1
*50
300
47
7&
2340
Detroit
- 16, -
Sen. Hull
I'oluateers 2000 5
t^ueenston
>ctober I3>t —
Maj.gen.VanRensellau
J. S. Inft. 300 I
ol. and mil. 700 >
1000
90
160
250
700
950
"rtnch town
anuarylS, 1813
Sol. Lewis
olunteers
12
55
67
67
Same place
— 22, —
Brig. Gen. Winchester
olunteers
1000
357
6)
421
•42
537
York (U. C.)
April 27, —
Maj. gen. Dearborn
T. S. iTift.and Riflemen
1500
66
203
269
260
ForiM-x-s
May 5, —
Maj.gen. Harrison
T. S. Infu and vol.
aoo
800
6
S
124
»K,o
188
*180
*700
18?
S
Saekett's Harbor
— 29, —
Irjg.gvii. Browu
Uiiiia
••yao
j
lj
161
:
Stone} Creek
June 6, —
Brig, g' u. Chanuler
*200
38
55
IOC
155
U. S. Lift. 450-j
Craney Island
- 22, -
Lieut, col. Beutty
Hilorsand marines 150
75
Art.andrifk- 15OJ
Braver Dams
— 29, —
Lieut, co!. Bccrstler,
U. S. liift. and artil.
5
2
50
7
460
53o
Lower Sandusky
August 2, —
Major Croglian
Regulars and volunteers
1
7
U.S. Inft. 120
Moravian Town
October 5, —
Maj. gen. Harrison
Monntfrl vol. 1,500
31
22
2
20
""
Militia 1.500J
WilKamsbuig
— 11, —
Brig. gtn. Boyd
U. S. Cavalry. Infantry
and Artillery
18
10
237
33
33V.
La Cole Mill
March 30, 1814
Maj.gen. Wilfctirtou
Rtgulars
40
66
7
74
Oswego
May 6,. -
Lieut, col. Mitchell
U. S. Artillery, &c.
3
38
4
69
Sandy Creek
- 30, -
Major AppHng
U. S. Riflemen 150
Indians 125
2
3
Chippcwa
July 5, —
Mnj. gen. Brown
U.S. Artil. and Inft. 7
Militia & Indians 5
244
30
323
Niagara
— 25, —
Maj. gen. Brown
U.S. Artil. and Inft. 7
Militia and volunteers 3
50
1
372
74
i
860
Fort Erie
August 15, —
Brig. gen. Gaines
U.S. Art. ami Inft. ?
Vol. and militia 3
56
7
84
Conjocta Creek
Bladtnsburg
3, -
— 24, —
Maj or Morgan
Brig. gen. Wiuder
U S. Riflemen
Mil. Rilleiueu, Artillery 7.
Soft men and inari nes 3
6"
8
40
7
12C
190
Moore's Fields
- 30, -
Col. Read .
Militia
1
3
3
Near Baltimore
Sepfr 13, -
Maj. gen. Smith
ViMuntcers and militia
3.
139
16
*
212
Pittsburgh
— ll, —
Brig. gen. Macomb
Regulars 1,500 7
Militia \
62
in
Fort Erie,
— 17, —
Maj. gen. Brown
Inft. and Riflt<men l,ooo \
Vol. and militia 1,000 j
20
2K
29
295
3i
Port Bowytr
Cook's MilU
— 15, —
October 19, —
Major Lawrt-nce
Brig. geu. Bissel
Inft. and Riflemen
g
5-J
3
60
U.S. Infant rv, -)
.»;
New-Orleans
December 23, —
Maj. gen. Jackson
Volunteer Cavalry,
15
Hi
1
223
Artillery and militia
Same
— 28,—
Same
Same
33
8
15
3
Same
January 1, 181
Same
Same
39
2;
34
3
Same
- 8, -
Same
Same
46
X
123
ftrand total loss
14
30-1,
4446) 5
48B7J 9715
iinajagements between the Americans and Jndians.
AMERICANS.
r
Tippfcanoe
November", If 11
Gov. Harrison
U.S. Injaiury 350 '
Vol. Cavil 1. Jfe Rifle 450
- 80
0 3
7 15
1 3o
i
I8h
i Msssasinrwfi
Dec. 17 & 18.1 81 a
Col. Campbell
Vol. and militia
60
0 J
0 2
3 3
3
36
3 r-jllus'iatchietoun
November 3, 1812
Gen. Coffee
Vol. cavalry and riflemen
90
0
5 4
I 4
)
46
1 Tjtlli'Jr^'i
— 8, —
Gen. Jackson
Volunteers
1
5 1
5 3
)
2
5 IiilJiU:e"luwn»
— 18, —
Gen. White
Vol. cus 'I. & mounted me
I
5 Autossf-e.
— . 2'J, —
Gen. Floyd
Gt-ortria militia v.H)
Itsdiaiu 350
130
0 1
1 5
1 6
i
65
7 Eccanachaco
December 23, —
Gen. Claiborne
Vol. cav. rifle and ink.
1
8 Camp Defiance
January 27, 181<
Gen. Floyd
Vol. CavaJ. Infantry ^
Artillery and Indians
1
7 13
J 14
1
119
8 Enotachopco creel
Jan. 22 & 23, —
Gen. Jackson
Vol. Inft. & art ii. 930 "
Indians 300
- 123
0 2
0 7
5 9
9i
0 BejudufTalljpwesi
March 27, —
Gen.Jacksoii.
U.S. Inft. mil. and Ind/
2
6 10
5 13'
>
132
14
) <)0(j 74
"
'1A%
J4Q iE^-Tht un^teES niaikei! llms (*.i ere dcubtfu!. but msv be considered as ucnilv cuaxu: " "" """
MILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-LAND BATTLES
LAND BATTLES.
s* — — V — — -i^x^ j. A J^1^C5.
-mvj
i-i.
— — — —
LOSS
ccnraANDEu's
SPECIES
~
g
^
B
g
7
H
References to the
JTAMB.
OF FORCE.
1
?
1
9f
1
|
2
Weekly Register fir
I '
J_
I
_f
f
P
1
I
Details, &c.
2 Major Muir
3 Maj. Geu. Brock
i Maj. gen. Brock
5 Major Reynolds
Indians and militia
Regulars, vol. and Ind.
Indians 600-)
Regulars 330
Canadian militia 400J
Regulars and Indians
Regulars 100 }
[idians 4003
800
1300
500
5
«50
*30
•75
*100
*50
125
150
80
4
129
150
83
Vol. III. p. 55
Vol. ill. p. 56
Vol. III. p. 13,54,265
Vol. III. p. 138, 156, 169
CVol. III. p. 380
6 Col. Proctor
7 Gen. SJ.taOe
Regulars 300^1
Vlilitia iso }>
Indians JOOOJ
tegular* and mil. 700 j
1500
189
155
305
305
i Vol. IV. p. 49
CVol. III. p. 380, 396, 408,409
1 Vol. IV. p. 9,29
8 j
ndians ]00j
Itegulari and mil. 350 >
800
*100
*300
400
295
695
Vol. IV. p. 178, 180, 193, 210, 225, 238
9 Brig. sen. Proctor (I1""31" . 4*0 J
800
43
Vol. IV. p. 190
iSsysjjsi, InlsE
•15
108
•45
163
60
J271
2S6
60
557!
Vol. IV. p. 190, 271,272
>'ol. IV. p. 239. 271
3 Admiral Warren
Marines, &c.
2500
*75
•125
*200
22
*22^'
Voi.iv.p.29l' 324"
4 Col Bishop
Regulars and mil. 480 ?
980
•30
•35
65
65
CVol. IV. p. 324,572, 387
(Vol. V. 300— Vol.X.lia
5 Brig. gen. Proctor
fejr*l"» 490 ?
990
*50
•100
150
26
176
CVol IV. p. 358
t Vol. V. p. 7
6 Brig. gtn. Proctor
Regulars 6507
HUians 1200 $
1850
12
22
34
601
63.^
Vol. V. p. 131,186,285
7 Col. Morrison
legulars
2170
*22
•147
n
CVol. V.p. 213,252
^ Vol. VIII. p. 308
8
I- gulars
11
47
58
58
Vol. VI. p. 131, 149
niantry 800""}
9 Lieut, gm. Drummond
Marines 600 }>
1750
70
165
235
*3a
Vol. VI. p. 211,212,223
Seamen 350J
0 Capt. Popham
5t amtn and marines
200
13
28
41
133
•200
Vol. VI. p. 242,265, 280
1 Maj. gen. Riall
llrgnlars ?
Militia and Indians j
199
320
527
46
15
588
C Vol. VI. p. 344, 354, 389, 399
JVol.VIIL p. 127
2 Lieut, gen. Drummond
Regulars and militia
5000
"200
559
•759
193
169
1111
( Vol. VI. p. 393, -112,433, 439
(Vol. VIII. p. 10
C Vol VI. 1>. 437
3 Lieut, gen. Drummond
Regulars
2000
222
309
531
147
67S
1 Vol. VI I. p. 19— Supt. tou'o. 138
J4 Lieut- col- Tucker
Regulars
1200
10
*20
»3C
3C
Vol. VI. ,>. 436
J5 Maj. gen. Ross
Regulars
5000
•180
•300
480
*250
730
rVoi.Vtp.442
|Vol.VII.p.n,241,277
16 Sir Peter Parker
Seamen
230
13
20
33
53
Vol. VII. p. 11
27 Maj. gen. Ross
Infantry iOOO^
Si-ameu 2000 J>
9000
SO
300
380
•500
f
Vol. VII. p. 23, 122S179
Marines 2COOJ
28 Gov. &ir Geo. Prevost
Regulars
4000
C Vol. VII. p. 32, 44, 60, 63
| Vol. V11I. p. 6
29 Lieut, gen. Drurrtmom
Regulars
»40C
385
•785
Vol. VII. p. 47, 99,100
30 Hon. Wm.H. Percy
31 Marquis of TweeSate
Hi gulars and marines
Regulars
1200
•MO
*100
250
250
Vi.l. VII. p.Qi
Vol. VI 1. p. 172
?2 Maj. gen. Keane
Regulars
3000
100
230
330
70
400
C Vol. VII. p. 3-15, 357, 373, 386
1 Vol. VIII. p. 56, 117
3 Lieut, gen. PackenLara
Same
9400
120
•150
270
„„ f Vol. VII. p. 358.3S5
2<t^ Vol. VIII. p. 113.177
34 Sairte
_
(. Vol. VI I. p. 36 1,386
i Vol. VIII. p. 113, 177
35 Same
Same
700
1400
2100
,500
2600
CVol. VII. p.373,3»fi
i. Vul. Vill. p. 113, 133. 177, 199
Grand total loss
2084| 5393
8183
TBI' 293
11769
JbingagemenU between the Americans and Indians.
INDIANS.
1 Shaxvaaue Prophet
Indians
700
120
Itt
SCO
1
301
C/Vol. I.p 233,255
1 Vol.11, p. 31
2
[ndians
300
40
37
Vol. III. p. 300
Creek Indians
180
f
V,.|. V. p. 21K
4
Sanita
£Q{
Vol. V. p. 267
Same
til
2iC
Vol. V. p. 283
6 Autosse King
Indians
200
Vol. V.p. 28 3
7 Wethtrford
Indians
30
Vol. V.p. 4 12
8
Indians
37
Vol. V.p. 4 11
9
Indians
900
189
Vol. V. p. 427
10
lodiaui
1000
557
25
Vol. VI. p. 130, 146, 14P, 1«5
1710J j
fit
^ .
NO Mi— The numbers iaav^tfu thus (•) areiiou'jtf^ but way WJisidcreU as nearly conx-ft,
, WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, MAY 4, 181
and British armies, in the
A comparative view of
and to the end o
181 4,
Gram! total
_ i jily'if.Tff'cA"- 1
MPAIGNS.
I
1
n
2 °-
2
1'.
3
tn
|
1
:
I
n
f
3
i
?•
^
\
?
}
5
r
• --
'-
495
422
505
367
986
lt>91
862
1388
2196
92
126
337
3537
1160
170
4438
2564
2713
280
461
2068
38C
I0o7
3946
660
1359
6224
12
239
130K
1669
66
262
846
-second battle at Frenchtown)
» battle at WiUiaroiburg)
1422
3044
4446
555
4867
• . i •
9715
—
280)
53931 8183
-the "conquerors of .he colors of Evn-ope^
^J?J!±ELIJ±^»£
must be obvious to
of the several engagements,
all, and truly gratifying t
mt» uj o«-i.T •• ~»—
st«ngthe»hS» confidence »
••Sss^ff^S^£&
The Jirst campaign, ending- with the second bat
tie at, French town, was little else, than a series of
defeats and disgrace. We beheld, in the very out-
set, an American ;irmy of nearly 2,000 men, strongh
posted^ capitulate without firing a gun, to a British
force little more than half their number. In the
second campaign, our arms were in a considerable
degree successful. But still the "failure" of the
northern division was disastrous. The aggregate
r '.'(it.lt, however, was in our favor. But it was not
until the tturd campaign that discipline began to
give effect to American bravery. The fame which
our sirms acquired on the plains of Chippewa and
Niagara, was heard where our existence as a nation
wus scarce known before. It was here that a well
o!v-;,mzed division of our army, met, and defeated
wi'h ereat slaughter, in fair and open contest on
the field, the veteran columns of the enemy, long
inured to war, and accustomed to victory. The
buttle of Bridgewater (or Niagara) was, perhaps,
the most severe regular field engagement fought
during the war. The British columns, conscious of
•iori.y, advanced to the attack, and were met
on the open plain by our gallant little army. Tiie
ho:"* ilc ranks, each eager for the contest, are quickly
in cio.se contact —
• V/liyii Greek inci-'U Gnvk,then tor:;' s the.1 ni;,' of war."
What with the clashing 01 b.Aorn-^s, tiie filing of
i-:rn:ill arms, the roaring of the F.ills, the thundering
<>T artillery, the shouts of the alternately advancing
columns, and the groans of the wounded and dving
M'illi which the plain was strewed, the conflict was
most terrific! Tiie British batteries were charged
dirtciiy in front, under a most gulling and destruc-
tive lire, with a firmness and impetuosity irresista-
ble, and carried at the point of tiie bayonet. A Bri-
tish officer, speaking of tnis, passed a very high en-
eo;nium upon the American ;«rniy, and emphatically
observed, that '"the Slnier'tcans really did nut /.-now
when they vrvjv,' dt'j~ij.<i(<.'d"
'•Great, let me call liitn, for he eono tiered mei"
From this period our arm.-, triumphed almost
every where; and a series of splendid victories fol-
lowed. Those of Fort />?'<?, of Baltimore, of Platts-
br.rg, of Fort Erie (again), of Fort Jiowyer, and
N" K w -()I:LK vxs, will fill a proud pngc in history. The
ni'.;-niorabie defeat of tiie British army at the latter
place, "capped the climax" of our military glorv.
The formidable expedition sent against New-Or-
leans, was composed of the choicest troops of the
JJritisii Ecirop'Cku army — "Wellington's iuvincibles,"
Oppo
liscinli
ther
men whose bravery
was of no ordinary chara
eywere
--=*»»»:§
were
country
generall
and excellent marksmen
some service" m tne ^f.^^^.^ich "these carried
«*• discipline and subordinate uc»_ „ . ,
organization and "disposition"oT the whole, which,
under the direction of that inimitable commander,
general Jackson, presented such ail impenetrable
front to the invading army. The battle of the 8th
January, 1815, furnished a glorious example of the
efficiency of this species of military force, under
proper organization. On this memorable day, a last
and desperate effort was made by the British army
to accomplish the great object of the expedition.
This whole force was precipitated upon the Ameri-
n line, covered only by a temporary breastwork.
The reception which they received is still fresh in
the memory of every one; the deadly rifle, aimed
by the skilful marksman, carries death and destruc-
tion into the ranks of the invaders, which were
literally mowed down. Consternation and dismay
seized the British "invincibles," and in the utmost
confusion they precipitately fall back to their en-
campment, leaving the field covered with the heaps
of their slain and wounded.
Thus the close of the war wag more glorious to
our arms than its commencement was disastrous.
The fame of ou» victories has acquired for our coun-
try an elevated rank
ea'rth, not less mortifying to the pride of GrcaT
Uritain than it is gratifying to ourselves.
NOTES.
C 'Referred to by the: numbers in thefrst column. J
1. No account is given of tiie force of the British
n this battle, nor of their loss.
3. Per the surrender of this important post, ge-
leral Hull was sentenced by a court-martial to be
SHOT; but pardoned by the president of the United
States and dismissed the service.
4. The British loss is not given; but the best ac-
count of the action says "it is considerably less than
•s." I have therefore supposed it may amount to
50 killed and 100 wounded.
5. Frenchtown is on the river Raisin, and near to
ts entrance into lake Erie, in Michigan territory.
The British loss not known, but supposed to be at
east 30 killed and 50 wounded.
6. The amount of the British force, and.the num-
ber of their wounded, are taken from their own ac-
counts. The rnis.nn.ff of the American force are ii>-
c'uided with the killed, as in general Winchester^
report. The massacre and burning of the American
prisoners taken in this engagement will bVill be ix
collecte.4 by ev..ry one.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-INDIAN DEPARTMENT,
r. The British force was stated by an Americai
eld officer, in a letter to the secretary of war, t
be 1,000, and the number of prisoners 500 Ourlos
was occasioned, principally, by the blowing up o
the enemy's magazine, whereby the gallant ant
lamented PIKE was killed, and 250 officers and
men killed or wounded. General Dearborn write*,
to the secretary of war that "a SCALP Wfl« found in
the executive and legislative council chamber'^suspend
ed near the speaker's chair, in comtmnu -with tht
mace." (Vol. IV. p. 193.)
3. This engagement was brought on by a sortie
9. The British loss in this engagement is taken
irom their own accounts.
10. By the report of the American adiutant-ffene-
TA\, it appears the total loss of the British, including-
raiijtm paroled, amounted to 893. (Vol. IV. p. 271 )
H- The British loss in officers was severe, and
K appears that "many were k\Uri\ -md wo i- 1 •
the boats, wnne enecun£ a laMii^^'aiia a number
killed. [The enemy's loss was much greater than
tins— his night attack in boats was very disastrous;
put what the amount was we do not expect ever to
know.]
31. Cook's mills, on Lyon's creek, a branch of the
Unppewa creek. The British loss not known.
35. In the British official account of the several
engagements near New-Orleans, they acbnotoled'^e a
loss, in the whole, of 393 killed, 1514 wounded and
552 missing— total loss 2,459, (see Vol. 8, p. 180 )
General sir Edward Pakenham, the "commander of
the forces," and general Gibbs were killed, and
carried off the field previous to their retreat.
12. Generals Chandler and Winder and some
other officers were made prisoners. Stoney creek is
near the head of lake Ontario.
13. Cnmey island is in the Chesapeake bay, near
Norfolk.
15. Among the British killed was lieutenant-co-
lonel Short, who led on the assault
16. Moravian town is situated on the Thames, in
Upper Canada, about 80 miles north of Detroit. —
General Proctor fled precipitately at tUe commence-
ment of the engagement, and escaped to Burlingto
heights. Ifis carriage, papers, bagg.nge, Sec. were
captured.
17. The British loss is taken from- their official
account; but it is evidently greatly underrated.
18. General Wilkinson states the British force at
2,500; the British official accounts state it at 500,
and the number killed 11, and of wounded 47, as
ill the table.
19. Notwithstanding the great disparity offeree,
the British suffered severely. Captain Mulcaster of
the "royal navy" and a captain of marines were
stated to be killed, and several other officers wound-
ed. They acknowledge a loss of 19 killed and 75
wounded'. [See Vol. VI. p. 223.] General Brown
gives the British force in this affair at 3,000.
20. Among the British prisoners were two post-
captains, and several other officers. Five gun-boats
with their armament were also captured. A Mon-
treal account states the British loss at 19 killed and
50 wounded. Sandy creek is about 16 miles from
Sacketfs Harbor.
21. Chippewa creek lies on the west side of the
Niagara straight into which it falls. The British
officially acknowledge a loss of 138 killed, 328
wounded, and 46 missing — total 512. [See Vol. VI
p. 402.] :
22. Tliis engagement, more generally known, per-
haps, as that of " Jiridgewater" was fought at the
falls of Niagara; and was probably the severest re-
gular field engagement fought during the war.
24. Conjocta creek falls into the Niagara straight
on the American side, a few miles below Buffalo.
26. Moore's fields, near Georgetown cross roads,
on the Eastern shore of Maryland. The Britisli
"Force consisted of the crew of the Menelaus frig-ate,
and was commanded by captain sir Peter Parker,
who was killed in the engagement.
27. The British acknowledge a loss, in the action
near Baltimore, of 39 killed and 251 wounded. —
Major-general Ross, the British commando v, was
Indian Department.
KEPOttT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAN THEREON.
Department of ll'ar, v\[arch 13, 1816.
In obedience to the resolution of the senate, oK
he 2d of March, 1815, 1 have the honor to transmit
ixpcnces of the indian department, embracing an-
inities and presents; and the general and particu-
M- views of the ^ indian trade, called for by the
esolution.
Nos. 1, 2 and 3, exhibit the amount of annuities
due and payable, and the sums actually paid to the
several indian tribes within our limits; the presents
nade to them, and the general expences of the
indian department, during the four years preceding
the 3d of March, 1815.
In the sum exhibited as presents, is included a
great quantity of provisions furnished the friendly
Bribes during the war, who, on account of their
attachment to the United States, were compelled to
abandon their country, and take refuge within our
settlements. The same cause prevented their en-
gaging in the chase, the principal source of then-
supplies in times of peace. The embarrassments
produced by a state of war, prevented the regular
payment of'the monied part of their annuities, and
in many cases rendered it impossible to discharge
Lhat portion which was payable in merchandize. —
This circumstance presented a strong- inducement,
to furnish them liberally with those supplies which
we had at command, and which were even more
necessary to them than the merchandise which we
were bound to furnish. It is, however, believed that
these supplies have been swelled to an unreasonable
amount, by extensive impositions, which have been
practised upon the government, in the issue of pro-
visions to them, which renders it necessary to dis-
continue the practice, or to devise new and suitable
checks to guard against their repetition.
The statements marked from A to /, exhibit the
state of the fund set apart for the indian trade,
during the four years preceding tiic 31st of March,
1815. It appears from these statements, that from
the commencement of the trade, to the 31st De-
cember, 1809, a loss of §44,538 36 had been incur-
red, and that during the period designated in the
resolution, the sum of §15,906 45 had been gained,
notwithstanding the loss of §43,369 61 from the
capture of several of the trading posts by the ene-
my, during the war. These t\vo items, forming the
ag'gregate sum of §59,276 06, may be considered us
the commercial profit of the establishment, during
that period, which would give an annual profit ot'
nearly §15,000. But the annual expences paid out
of the treasury, in support of the establishment;, ex-
ceed §20,000, which presents a specific loss of more
than §5,000 annually. The difference in the result
of the management of this fund antecedent to the
31st of December, 1809, from that which is exhibit-
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1816.
158
ed in these statements, during the four years pre
ceding the 31st March, 1815, is no doubt, m a . £ra
decree, the effect of the experience acquired by Ui
prosecution of the trade. It is probable, that a more j
intimate acquaintance with the nature of the com-:
merce, a more skilful selection of the goods, and ot
the agents employed in vending them, and a con
siderable increase of the capital invested m it, Will
in a short time, produce a small and gradually in-
creasing profit, after defraying all the expences in-
cident to the establishment, which are now payable
out of the public treasury. Under the most skilti
management, the profits cannot be any inducement
for continuing- the system now
which should become a fee simple esttte, after the
expiration of a certain number of years of actual
residence upon, and cultivation of it. Perhaps an
additional reservation of a quart er or half sect ,on of
land to each member of such family, would a
the inducements, not only to muke such scpara
settlements, but to the raising of a family. 1
sures of this kind were adopted by the government
and steadily pursued for a series of years while, at
the same time, a spirit of liberality was exhibit
the commerce which we carry on with tl
the most complete, might be confidently
ial profit, would tend not
.-uiino- fcr hiinoiness, The most
them, and among themselves. The exclusion of all
intercourse between eh em and the whites, except
those wh;> have the permission of the government,
find over whose conduct a direct control is exer-
cised, has insensibly contributed to this desirable
object.
The amelioration in their condition, desired by
the government, has continued to advancfe, but in
iso slight a degree as to be perceptible only after a
h'pse of years. If the civilization of the indian tribes
is considered an object of primary importance, and
superior to that of rapidly extinguishing their titles,
:m t settling their lands 'by the whites, the expe-
diency of continuing the system now in operation,
under such modifications as have been suggested by
the experience already acquired, appears to be ma-
nifest. The success of such an experiment, requires
the exercise of all the influence wliich the annual
distribution of annuities and present: , aided by that
which must flow from a judicious supply of all their
wants, in exchange for those articles which the
influence, skilfully directed for a series of years,
the
b
To reserve .ho
wants of the indians are but partially supplied,
would be to make them feel its influence only in
their privations and wretchedness.
The right of the British North-West company to
participate in this trade independent of the will of
the government, is now at an end. The settlement
of the lands ceded by the Creeks, in 1814, will ex-
clude the southern tribes from all intercourse with
the Spanish ports in the Gulf of Florida. The
preservation of peace with those tribes, as well as
the execution of the plans which may be devised
for their civilization, require that this intercourse?
should not be renewed. The great distance of some
of the tribes in the north-west territory, and in the
northern regions of Louisiana, from the settled parts
of the United States, will probably make it necessary
to permit the British merchant, from Canada, to
participate in the commerce of those tribes, until
more accurate information is obtained as to their
situation and numbers, their wants, and their
chase, r.nd Ihe increasing surplus of their stock of capacity to pay for articles of the first necessity,
domestic animals, will enable them to procure. This
As this knowledge is gradually acquired, and the
mode of conducting the trade better understood^
cannot fail to introduce among thein distinct'ideas (the exclusion of foreigners from all participation,
~*' "'•" +" ~ - '"u " iu it may be safely effected, If the trade is to be
continued in the hands of the government, the
capital ought to be increased to 500,000 dollars.
secure the owner in this individual property; j The exclusion from all commercial i
:, no man will exert himself to procure the! the ports in the Gulf of Florida, at
of separate property. These ideas must necessarily
precede any considerable advancement in the arts
of civilization, and pre-suppose the institution of
laws tv;
because
comforts of life, unless his rigiit to cujov them is
exclusive.
The idea of separate property in things personal,
universally precedes the same idea in relation to
lands. This results no less from the intrinsic dif-
ference between the two kinds of property, than
From the different effects produced by human
clustry and ingenuity exerted upon thein. The faci-
lity of removing personal property from place to
place, according to the will or convenience of the
owner, gives to this species of property, in the esti-
mation of the huntsman, a value superior to the
property in lands, wliich his wains, as well us his
intercourse with
procure the) the ports in the Gulf of Florida, and the necessity
" of extending our trading establishments further to,
the west and the north, with a view to the ultimate
exclusion of foreign participation in it, forcibly sug-
gest the propriety of such an increase. This captial
will probably be found greatly below what is neces-
sary io supply the wants of the various tribes within
our limits. The deficiency, it is believed, will be
supplied by the north-west company, and by in-
dividual enterprise. At present the governors of
our territories are compelled to give licenses to
trade with the Indians, to every person who can,
give security. The power of rejecting the appli-
cation, on account of the character of the applicant
habits, compel him annually to desert for a consi-j appears to be necessary. If the licensed traders
<lerable portion of the year. To succeed perfectly I were compelled to take an oath to observe the laws.
in the attempt to civilize the aborigines of this reguluung IndUn trade, it might aid in correct ing-
country, the government ought to direct their
xention to the improvement of their habitation, and
the multiplication of distinct settlements. As an
inducement to this end, tiie different agents should
be instructed to give them assurances, that in any
treaty for the purchase of lands from their respec-
tive tribes, one mile square, including- every sepa-
rate settlement, should be reserved to the settler,
the abuses, especially in vending spirituous liquors
which have too generally been practised bv them.
It is deemed expedient to establish a depot of mer-
chandise at, St. Louis, or its vicinity, under the
direction of a deputy superintendant, who should
have power, in addition to supplying the regular
and established trading houses, to deliver to per-
sons of good moral character, who should be able^
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—INDIAN DEPARTMENT 15#
to give security, any quantity of goods not exceed ingj If ;i new deparlm cnt be formed, much of the mis-
10,000 dollars," for which peltries, and other articles jcell.-meons dniies now belonging to the department
ceived in payment of state, ought to be transferred to it. The char-:
of Indian commerce, should be recei
at a fair price and at fixed periods; or that they
should be sold by the supenhtendant, on account
of the purchaser. In the latter case, a premium
equal to the use and the risk of the capital, should
be added to the price of the goods. This, as
well as several other important ideas, are more
fully developed in the communication of governor
Edwards, and of the supermtendant of Indian trade,
which arc herewith communicated, marked R. and
Z. Z.
In compliance with that part of the resolution
which requires my opinion of the expediency of
vesting the general management of Indian affairs
in a separate ;uul independent department, I have
the honor to state, that an arrangement of that
nature appears to me to be highly proper, if the
commerce of those nations is to be retained* in the
hands of the government. The only rational princi-
ple upon which it is considered necessary to place
small milita^rce which has L^rto been
gcs
vhich ought to be made, in tin's regard, will obtrude
hemselves upon the attention of the senate wher-
ever the subject shall be considered.
It is believed, that at the present moment, no
)lan can be devised for carrying on the Indian trade,
that will be equally advantageous to the Indians,
although it may be more economical to the public.
This opinion is founded, in a considerable degree,
ipon the f;ct that those who have a cornpe'ctit
knowledge of the manner in which this trade irri 1
>e prosecuted, to be successful, are destitute of the
capital necessary for the prosecution to the extent
.lemanded by the wants of the Indians. The capi-
al of those parts of the union where those person:"
ire to be found, is not sufficient for the purposes o!'
commerce among themselves. Ii is exposed, to no
risks:, and the profit is great ; consequently it will,
lot he employed in commerce with the Indians. The
•isks to which the capital will be subject, when
a.V'C.I/J. itfv,th"..k'Wr.l*.-o.v.-*»i«.-.c. anLomm^Laff t I'M f lore
the robberies and thefts of the Indians, wjjll prevent
The accounts
the sever
Utioned at thedlffcrent trading posts which have
Pen established. This countenance and support
mild be given to the department to winch it .might
° confided, with the same facility as if it sti 1
ired subordinate to the department of wai
accounts of the supermtendant of Indian trade
Jre now returned to the treasury department to
whicl» so far, the superinUndant is accountable.
' unt* of the agents of the government for
vie *c> c.al tribes in amity with us are stid returned,
and -ettled in the war department. From the pay-
ment of annuities to the various Indian tribes within
the United States, a new species of jurisprudence
lias sprung up, which operates as a heavy tax upon
the time of the secretary of war.
All losses of property by American citizens trom
the robberies, thefts, 'and depredations of thos,
tribes are to be remunerated out of die annuities
payable to them. The evidence in all these cases
s extra-indicial, and requires the examination and
approbation of the secretary before remuneration
can be made. The presents which are made t
them the allowances to artificers settled among
them bv the government; in fact, every disburse
the capitalists
of the commercial cities from sur-
plying them with the means of engaging in this
commerce. The proposition to establish a depot at
some point about the mouth of Missouri, for the
purpose of supplying those who will be able to givc-
sufncient security with such an amount of goous
s will enable them to prosecute the trade to no.-
\aitage, will, in a series of years, produce anuni
jcr of,
>ersons skilled in the manner of carrying it
on successfully, and create a capital in their liandfc
which will be" probably continued in that channc.,
md eventually justify the government, in leaving
it under judicious regulations, which experience
•n , f M A , h /iii * i i»/-»l T- tri iMrl i vif! I till fT. ~
fail to suggest, entirely to individual
icrpnze.
These views are substantially founded upon the
conviction, that it is the true policy and earnest de-
sire of the government to draw it. savage neighbors
within the pale of civilization. If I air
this point— If the primary object of the _
'.s to extinguish the Indian title, and settle their
If I am mistaken »n
overnment
lands as
them ought to
enterprise and
rapidly as possible, then commerce with
ht to be entirely abandoned to individual
without
The res '
this department. The duties incumbent on
ofiicer, resulting from the control of the Induu
•department are so multifarious, so impossible t
be reduced within general regulation, that a con
sideruble portion of his time is necessarily devoted
to them.
The or
\inization of the accountant's office is such
•is to render it impossible for that officer, by
Human exertion, promptly to despatch the biwii
-v'hich has been accumulating from year to ;
until the mass has become so imposing as to rende
the legislative aid indispensably necessary to
rect the evil.
The creation of a separate and independent de
nartment, to which all the Indian accounts,includin
i »,««,*. wi.'irh nve still settled in the accountant's ot
those which are still settled in
flee will not supersede the necessity
f modifies
lions in the organization of that office. The change
•xvhich are deemed necessary to ensure the promp
settlement of the accounts of the war departmen
ure respectfully submiUcd to the senate in pape
gions. The correctness of thispoli .
moment, be admitted. The uticr extinction of
e Indian race, jiwist be abhorrent to the f clings
•Ail enlightened und benevolent nation. The idea
directly opposed to every act. of the government,
om the declaration of independence to the present
.iv. If the system Already devised, has not j.Toduc-
dall the effects which were expected from it, new
xperiments ought to be made. When every effort
o introduce among them ideas of separai e proper-
v as well in tilings real as persona', shall fail, let
utermamages betweti them and the whites be en
;ouraged by the government
This cannot fail to
preserve the race, with the modifications necessary
o the enjoyment of civil liberty and social happi-
less. It is believed, that the principles of humanity
m this instance, are in harmonious concert with the
rue interests of the nation. It will redound more
to the national honor, 1o incorporate, by a humane
->nd benevolent poucv, the natives of our forests in
tVe -reat American ftinily of freemen, tlu.n to re-
ceivl, wkh open an-is, Uic fugith-cs cf the eld world,
MLES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1816.
whether their flight has been the effect of their
crimes or their virtues.
1 have the honor to b.e, respectfully, your i
obedient humble servant,
WM. H- CRAWFORD.
lloil. JOHNGAILI.ATID,
President pro. tern, of the senate ot the U. b.
New Tariff of the U. States.
To have effect from and after the 30th of June, 1816.
ARRANGED BY THE EDITOR. OF THE REGISTER, FROM
TUT. ACT APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT APRIL 27
All articles not subject to any other rate of duty
and not free, are charguble at 15 per cent, ad yalo
In all cases where an ad valorem duty shall b
charged, it shall be calculated on the nett cost o
the article, at the place whence imported ^exclu
ty per centum OH ull merchandise, imported fro
places beyond tke Cape of Good Hope', and of te
per centum on articles imported from all othe
places.
DltUfiS, DTE STUFFS, 8vC.
Dying1 drug's and materials for composing dyes,
not subject to other rates of duty/;, ct. ad mil. 7
Gum Arabic ..... ,,7
- Senegal ..... ,,7
Suit petre ., 7
Indigo per /6.— its. 1
Copperas, - - . per cv>t. 100
JEWBIRY, Etc.
Jewelry, gold, silver and other watches, and
parts of watches ; gold and silver lace, em-
broidery and epaulets ; precious stones and
pearls of all kinds, set or not set ; Bristol
.stones or paste work, and all articles pom-
posed wholly or chiefly of gold, silver, pearl
and precious stones, per cent, ud valarom 7
LACES, &c.
Laces, lace veils, lace shawl es, or shades, of
thread or silk — />«• cent, ad valorem 7
-.MANUFACTURES OF MKTAT.S.
Gold leaf — per cent, ad vol. 1
Printing- types „ - - . . . 01
All articles inuuuflichired from brass, copper,
iron, steel, pewter, lead or tin, or of which
those metals, or either of them, is the mate-
rial of chief value, — brass wire, cutlery,
pins, needles, buttons, button moulds, buc-
kles of all kinds, gilt, plated and japanned
wares, of all kinds ; cannon, muskets, lire
arms and side arms „ 21
Copper rods, bolts, spikes, or nails, and
composition rods, bolts, spikes or
nails per lb. cts. .
Iron and steel wire, not exceeding No. 18 „
over No. 18 „ \
Iron in bars and bolts, excepting- iron ma-
nutactured by rolling per civt. 4,
- sheets, rods and hoops )y 25'
- in bars and bolts, when manufactured
by rolling, and on anchors „ 15i
Lead, in pigs, bars or sheets per lb.
- — in shot,
— — red and white, dry or ground in oil ,
"
Steel
Spikcs
per cwt,
per lb.
10(
'
EARTHED \VATU:S AND CLASS, 8cc.
hiuaxvare, earthen ware, stone ware, por-
celain and glass manufactures, other
thai! window' glass, and black glass quart
bottles '/*'• ™t. ad
Black glass quart bottles grew.— cts. 1<
Window glass, not above 8 by K> inches in
size per 100 square ft. ,
' not above 10 by 12
if above 10 by 12 „ 320
COTTONS, LINENS, CANVAS, &C.
20
20
W UUJUKlOy *"**
Hempen cloth, or sail cloth (except Rus-
sian and German linens, Russia and Hol-
land Duck} perct.adval.
Stockings of wool or cotton »»
Wool en' manufactures of all descriptions,
or of which ivool is the material of duel
value— excepting blanket* or woolen
rugs and worsted or stuff' goods »
(Tr- After the 30th of .lune, 1819, the duty
on Woolen goods is to be only twenty
or of which cotton is the material of chief
value, and on cotton yarn, twist and
thread „ ^
QCj'For three years next ensuing the thirtieth day
of June next, a duty of twenty-five per centum ad
valorem ; and after the expiration of the three
years aforesaid, a duty of twenty per centum ad
valorem : Provided, That all cotton cloths, or cloths
of which cotton is the material of chief value, (ex-
c. pting nankeens imported directly from China)
the original cost of which at the place whence im-
ported, with the addition cf twenty per centum,
if imported from the Cape of Good Hope, or from
places beyond it, or of ten per cent, if imported
from any other place, shall be less than twenty-five
cents per square yard, shall, with such addition, be
taken and deemed to have cost twenty-five cents
per square yard, and shall be charged with duty
accordingly : Provided also, that all unbleached and
imcolored cotton twist, yarn or thread, the original
cost of which shall be less than sixty cents per
pound, shall be deemed and taken to have cost six-
ty cents per pound, and shall be charged with duty
accordingly ; and all bleached or colored yarn, the
original cost of which shall have been less than se-
venty-five cents per pound, shall be taken and deem-
ed to have cost seventy-five cents per pound, and
shall be charged with duty accordingly : And pro-
vided further, that cotton piece goods, timporled in
ships or vessels of the United States, which shall
have sailed from the United States before the pas-
sage of this act, and shall arrive therein between
the thirtieth day of June, one thousand eight hun-
dred and sixteen, and the 1st day of June one thou-
sand eight hundred and seventeen, the original cost
of which cotton piece goods, at the place whence im-
ported, shall have been less than twenty-five cents
per square yard, shall be admitted to entry, subject
only to a duty of thirty-three and a third per cen-
tum on the cost of the said cotton piece goods in In-
dia, and on the usual addition of twenty per centum
on that cost.
Russia duck, not exceeding 52 archeens
each piece per piece — cts. 200
Ravens duck, as above „ 125
Holland duck as above „ 250
Li aeons.
Ale, beer and porter in bottles per gul. — cts. 15
the same, otherwise imported „ 10>
Molasses
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-NEW TARIFF OF THE U. STATES. 161
per pal. — cts. 42 • Cocoa
45 j Coal
48
38
100
60
50
Spiritb_fiom grain, 1st proof
« 2d do.
" 3rd do.
" 4th do.
•' 5th do.
* above 5th
from otier materials than grain—
, 1st and 7d proof
3d do. , 42
4th do.
5th do.
above 5th do.
Wines — Madeira, Burgundy, Champaign
Rhenish and Tokay
Sherry and St. Lucar
• Others not enumerated when im-
ported in bottles or cases „ 70
*— - Lisbon, Oporl o and other wines of
Portugal, and on those of Sicily „
Teneriffe, Fuyal, and other wines
of the Western Islands ,,
All other, \vhcn imnortfH ry1----
wise than in cases and bottles „
OH — spermaceti of foreign fishing „
whale or other fish, do. „
olive in casks „
Sallad per ct. ad val
MANUFACTURES OF WOOD, &.c.
Cabinet wares and all manufactures of
wood, carriages of all descriptions and
parts thereof per ct. ad val. 30
MANUFACTURES OF LEATHER, SADDLERY, &,c.
All manufactures of leather, or of which
leather is the material of chief value
per ct. ad val. 30
Snddlei, bridles, harness „ 30
Boots per pair— cts. 150
Shoes and slippers, of leather „ 25
for children „ 15
of silk „ 30
PAPER, &.c.
Paper of every description, paste board,
paper hangings, blank books, parch-
ment, vellum iper ct. ad val 30
Playing cards per pack. So
CABLES, CORDAGE, &.c.
Tarred cables and cordage, per Ib.—cts.
Untarred cordage, yarns, twines, pack-
thread and seines "
SPICES, 8>c.
Cassia, Chinfse per lb. — cts.
.Cinnamon „ 25
Cloves „ 2.
Mace „ 100
Nutmegs „ 60
Pepper „ 8
Pimento „ 6
MISCELLANIES.
All articles not free not free nor subject
'to any other rate of duty, per cent, ad val. 15
Artificial flowers „ 30
Allum per cwt.— cts. 100
Almonds per lb.
Brushes per cent, ad val
Bonnets and caps for women „
Bristles . per lb. — cts.
Canes, walking sticks, and whips per ct. ad val.
Cosrtletics, washes, balsams, perfumes „
Clothing, ready made
per lb. — cts. 2
per heaped bushel. 5
prr lb. 5
Coffee
52; Cotton »
60 1 Currants » **
75 1 Fans, feathers, ornaments for head dres-
ses fjerce.nl. ad val. 30
Floor cloths, painted— mats of grass or
flags
Fish— foreign caught
mackarel
salmon
All other pickled
Glue
Gun powder
Hats or caps of fur, wool, leather, chip,
per lb. — cts.
cent ad val 30
per quintal.— ct*. 100
per barrel. 150
„ 200
„ 100
per lb. 5
straw or silk
Hemp
Millenery of all sort?
Mustard
Plums and prunes
per ct. ad val.
per c~i't. — cts.
per cent, ad val.
)>
y/CJ c-5. ^LV.
40
25
25
15i Prussian Blue per cent, ad val
25 Pickles, capers, olives, comfits and sweet
30
30
L50
30
30
20
30
meats, preserved in sugar or brandy
Raisins, muscatel and in jars. per lb. — cts. •>
all other „
Salt per bush, of 50 Ibs. 20
Segars per thousand 250
Soap per lb.
Sugar— brown „
white, clayed or powdered „
lump „ 10
loaf or sugar candy „ 12
Snuff „ 12
Tallow „ I
Teas — from China in ships or vessels of
the United States per lb.
Bohea „ 12
Souchong and other black „ 25
Imperial, gunpowder and gomee „ 50
Hyson and young hyson „ 40
Hyson skin and other green ,, 28
If from any other place, or in any
other than vessels of the U. S.
Bohea per lb. 14
— ' — Souchong and other black „
Imperial, gunpowder and gomee „ 68
Hyson and young hyson „ 56
Hyson skin and otlxer green „
Tobacco, manufactured, other than snuff
andsegai's „ It
Umbrellas, parasols, of whatever materi-
als made, sticks or frames for umbrel-
las or parasols percent, ad val. 3f-
Wafers 30
Whiting and Paris white
FHEE or DUTY.
per lb.-r-cts.
All articles imported for the use of" the U. States-,
Philosophical apparatus, instruments, books,
maps, charts, statues, busts, casts, paintings, draw
Candles, tallow
» — war or spermaceti
Cheese
3 i ings, engravings, specimens of sculpture, cabinets of
30 j coins, gems, medals, and all other collections ol"
30 1 antiquities, statuary, modelling, painting, drawing,
n etching or engraving, specially imported by order
and for the use of any society incorporated for phi*
losophical or literary purposes, or for the encourage-
ment of the fine arts, or by order and for the use of
per Id. — cts. 3 any seminary of learning. „
Specimens in natural history, mineralogy, botany,
1 and anatomical preparations, models of machinery
3 and pther inventions, plants and trees.
162 BILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1810.
Wearing. apparel nnd other personal baggage in
actual use, and the implements or tools of trade of
persons arriving1 in the. United States.
Regulus of antifnony.
Bark of the cork tree, unmanufactured.
Animals imported for breed.
"Piurr-stones, un wrought.
Gold coin, silver coin, and bullion.
Clay, unwrought.
Copper, imported in any shape for the use of the
mint.
Copper and brass, in pigs, bars, or plates, suited
to the sheathing of ships, old copper and brass, and
old pewter, fit only to be remanufactuml.
Tin, in pigs or bars.
Furs, undressed, of all kinds.
Raw hides and skins.
Lapis calaminaris.
T'laister of Paris.
Rag-s, of any kind of cloth.
Sulphur or brimstone.
J"K».. * UK., T^ltl/^ll *• >f-r\y I. tl-4.4 . ly — ~,1 T 1
cam wood, fustic, logwood, nicaragua, and other
dye woods.
"Wood, unmanufactured, of any kind, zinc, teu-
tenague or spelter.
Sec. 3. And be it further e nacted, That sn addition
of ten per centum shall be made to the several rates
of duties above specified nnd imposed, in respect
to all goods, wares, and merchandise, on the im-
portation of which in American or foreign vessels
a specific discrimination has not been herein already
made, which, after the said thirtieth day of June,
one thousand eight hundred and sixteen, shall be
imported, in ships or vessels not of the United
States: Provided, that this additional duty shall
aot apply to goods, wares and merchandize imported
i:i ships "or vessels not of the United States, entitled
by treaty, or by any act or acts of congress, to be
entered in the ports of the United States, on the
payment of the same duties as are paid on goods,
wares, and merchandize imported in ships or vessels
of the United States.
Sec. 4. JLndbeitjurtlev enacted, That there shall
be allowed a drawback of the duties, by this act
imposed, on goods, wares, and merchandize im-
ported into the United States, upon the exportation
thereof within the time and in the manner prescribed
by the existing laws, subject to the following pro-
visions, that is to say; that there shall not be an
allowance of the drawback of duties in the case of
goods imported in foreign vessels from any of the
dominions, colonies, or possessions of any foreign
power, to and with which the vessels of the United
States are not permitted to go and trade; that there
shall not be an allowance of the drawback of duties
for the amount of the additional duties by this act
imposed on goods imported in vessels not of the
United States; that there shall not be an allowance
of the drawback in the case of foreig-n dried and
pickled fish, and other salted provisions, fish oil or
playing cards; that there shall be deducted and
retained from the amount of the duties on goods
exported with the benefit of drawback (other than
spirits) two and a half per centum, and that there
shall be retained in the case of spirits exported
with the benefit of drawback, two cents per gallon
upon the quantity of spirits, and also three per
centum on the amount of duties payable on the
importation thereof. lint, nevertheless, the pro-
visions of this act shall not -be deemed in any wise
to impair any rights and privileges, which have been
or may be acquired by any foreign nation, under the
laws and treaties of the United States, upon the sub-
ject of exporting goods from the United State? ^ltjl
the benefit of a drawback of the duties payab* UPOU
the importation thereof.
Sec. 5. Jlnd be it further enacted, T'na1'a^ier ^'e,
thirtieth day of J*n'e next, in all cases ->F entrv ot,
merchandize for the benefit of druwbac'* tne tiroeot
twenty days shall be allowed from tK <l"te of th<?
entry, for giving the exportation bon/s fur the same:
Provided, that the exportation shaV, in every other
particular, comply with the regulations and forma-
lities, heretofore established for ai tries of exporta-
tion for the benefit of drawback.
Sec. 6. Jlnd be it further enact eil, That the duty on
the tonnage of vessels, and the bounties, advances,
and drawbacks in the case of exporting pickled fish,
of the fisheries of the United State?, in the case of
American vessels employed in the fisheries, and in
the case of exporting sugar refined within the United
States, shall be and continue the same as the exist-
ing law provides. Provided ahaaim, that this provi-
sion shall not be deemed in anvwi.se to impair any
rights ana pnv^.,.. , ...u:_,. ,..:.._ ,._, or mny he
acquired by any foreign nation, under the laws and-
treaties of the United States, relative to the duty or"
tonnage on vessels.
Sec. 7. Jlnd be it further evaded, That the exist-
ing laws shall extend to, and be in force for the col-
lection of the duties imposed by this act, on goods,
wares, and merchandize, impoi-ted into the United
States; and for the recovery, collection, distribution
and remission of all fines, penalties, and forfeitures;
and for the allowance of the drawbacks and bounties
by this act authorized, as fully and effectually as if
every regulation, restriction, penalty, forfeiture,
provision, claSuse, matter and thing, in the existing
laws contained, had been inserted in, and re-enacted,
by this act. And that all acts, and parts of act?,
which are contrary to this act, and no more, shall
be and the same are hereby repealed.
Sea 8. And be it further enacted, That the act
passed the third day of March, one thousand eight
hundred and fifteen, entitled "an act to repeal so
much of the several acts imposing- duties on the
tonnage of ships and vessels, and on goods, wares
and merchandise, imported into the United States,
as imposes a discriminating duty o.n tonnage be-
tween foreign vessels and vessels ot the United
States, and between good;; imported into the United
States in foreign vessels and vessels of the United
States," shall apply and be in full force as to the
discriminating duties established by this act on the
tonnage of foreign vessels, and the goods, wares,
and merchandise therein imported.
If. CLAY,
Speaker of the Jiouse representatives.
JOHN GAILLARD,
President pro tempore of the senate.
April 17, 1816 — Ai-rituvsn,
JAMES MADISON
Presidential Nomination, &c.
Washington City, Jlpril 26, 1816.
Messrs. GALES AND SKATO.Y,
By a resolution of a meeting of republican mem-
bers of both houses of congress, held on the 16th
March last, it was made our duty to ascertain whe-
ther the gentlemen recommended at that meeting
to the people of the United States as proper persons
to fill the offices of president and vice president of
the United States, from the 4th of March nrxl,
were willing to accept these offices if elected. We
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— CONGRESS.
163
have performed that duty, and request you to pub-
lish the enclosecl-corrcspondence on that subject.
With sentiments of respect, your obedient ser-
vants, S. SMITH.
KH. M JOHNSON.
irttsUngton City. March 17, 1816.
SI IJ— On the 16th instant you were recottim ended
to the people of the United States by a general
meeting1 of the republican members of both houses
of congress, as a proper person to fill the office of
president, of the United States for the term of four
years, to commence on the fourth March next; and
by a resolution of the meeting;, it was made our
tluty to ascertain whether you are willing1 to serve
in the office designated, if "elected. We therefore
request the favor of an answer as soon as convenient.
AVith sentiments of high consideration and res-
pect, we have the honor to be, your most obedient
servants,
(Signed) S. SMITH, chairman,
HII. M. JOHIsraors, aec'y.
Col. JAS. MONROE.
TTashinffton, March 22, 1816.
GEXTT.KATKV, — T have had the honor to receive
your letter informing1 me, that T had been recom-
mended to the people of the United States, by a ge-
neral meeting- of the republican members of both
houses of congress, as a proper person to fill the
office of president of the United States, for the term
of four years to commence on the fourth of March
next, and that it was made your duty, by a resolution
of the meeting-, to ascertain whether I was willing- to
serve in that. 'office, if elected.
I>eeply penetrated by this distinguished mark o
confidence, emanating1 from such a source, I can only
say, that, should the suffrages of my fellow-citizens
call me to that trust, I should feel it a duty to enter
on it, with the fullest sense of the obligations i
•would impose, and with a reliance, that a fdthfu
zeal, in endeavoring to fulfil them, will recommenc
me to the indulgence, of which 1 shall stand so mud
In need.
I have the honor to be, with great consideration
vour very obedient servant,
(Signed) JAS. MONROE.
General S. SM'ITH,
Colonel 11. M. JOHNSON.
City of Washington, March 18, 1816.
SIR,-r-On the 16th inst. you were recommendec
to the people of the United States, by a genera
meeting of the republican members of both house
of congress, as a proper person to fill the office o
vice-president of the United States for the term ot
four years, to commence on the fourth of March
next; and by a resolution of the meeting it was
made our duty to ascertain whether your excellency
is willing to serve in the office designated, if elect-
ed. We therefore request the fuvor of an answer
as soon as convenient.
With sentiments of high consideration and res-
pect, we have the hoaqr to be, your most obedient
servants,
(Sig-ned) SAML. SMITH, chairman.
UH. M. JOHNSON, sec'y.
His excellency DANIEL 1). TOMTKINS.
. Jllbany, Jlpril 6, 1816.
GEITTLT.MKX, — In compliance with the request
contained in your communication of the 18th of
March, I pray leave to inform you of my acceptance
of the nomination with which the republican mem-
bers of congress have been pleased to honor me.
Permit me to add a declaration of my high sense
,M'ihe confidence and reg-ard manifested by them
f!< situating me as a candidate for the office of
re-president, and to assure you, gentlemen, of my
reatest respect and esteem.
DAMEL D. TOMPKINF.
Hon. SAMUEL SMITH,
Hon. Ri>. M. Jonxsox.
CONGRESS.
SENATE.
dpril 29. — The senate were occupied this any* in
he resolution from the. house providing for the col-
ection of the public revenues — [see the resolution
ielo\v.j
Various attempts at amendment were made, and
legatived by yeas and nays.
Mr. Campbell moved to add a clause (substan-
ia;ly) 10 include in the receivable paper, the
lore's of all banks which shall pay their notes oii
1 em and in the legal currency of the United States,
vhich was ? greed to. '
i ne resolution was men agreed to t>y the folluu-
ng vote :
YEAS.— Messrs. Parry. Bibb, Campbell, Chace, Condi*. DagL'ptf,
3ana, Frovnentin, Gaillard, Harpt- r, Howell., Mneon, Mason, Va.
infovd, '1'ait, Ticbenor, Turner. Vannnn, \V*illinms— IP.
NAYS.— Messrs. Barbour, GoMsborotiglj, Gore. King, Lacock,
Mason, N. H. Morrow, Roberts, Ruggies, Wei is, Wilson— 11.
HOUSK OV REPRESENTATIVES.
The following were the yeas and nays on the bill
as decided on Thursday, the 25ih April, for estab-
ishing a national currency, alias to compel specie
payments, as reported by Mr. Calhoun :
YKAS.— Messrs. Alexander, Atherton, Bassett, Bateman, Boss,
Bradbury, Brown, Cady, Calhoun, Champion, Chipman, Cilley,
Condict, Conner, Creighton, Cuthherf, Desha, Kdwards, Griffin,
Grosvenor, Hale, Hawes, Hugt-r, Ffungeiford, Johnson, Ky. K-:nr,
Love. Loundrs. Lunipkin, Marsh, Mays-nut, M't'oy, M-L- HD, K.
Middleton, Nelson, Ms. Noyes, Ormiby, Parris, Pickering, Pitkin,
Midleton, Nelson, Ms. Noycs, Ormiby, Ha
Pleasants. Reed, Reynolds, Robertson, Ru
'
ryan, CaMwell, Clayton, Clopton, Coop
'nfpeper, Darlington, Davenport. Foriie
gglfS. SheiK'k, Si , ,
Slieit' y. Stearns. Snirges, Tiiggart, Tavior, b. C. 'IVltwir, Tucker,
Vose, Ward, N. Y. Webster, Wilcox, Woodward— W.
NAYS— Messrs. Adgate, Archer, Ba;r, Bennett, Belts, Birdsal',
Breekenridge, Brooks, Br
Crawford, Croc-heron, Cnlpeivr. Darlington,
Gaston, Glasgow, Hulin. Hall, Hardin, Hoster, Hend-r
bert, Inghaui, Johnson, Va. Kintr. N. C. Langdon, Law, Lewis,
Lovttt, Lyl^, Lyon, Milnur, Mnrfree, Newton, Piekeps, Powell,
Randolph, Roan'e, Root, Savage, Smith. Md. Southard, Stuart,
Tat.-, Throop, Wallace. Ward, Ms. Wl.itesule. Wilkin, Willoi.ghby,
Thos. Wilson, Win. Wilson, Wright, Yales— 60
So tlie bill was rejected.
Fi-id^ii, Jpril 26. — Ai\er the reception and re-
ference of a few petitions,
Mr. H'elsU'r rose, and submitted tlio following-
resolutions:
"Resolved !ni ihe senate cud house of representatives
of 1 lie United States of +ftmwi en in cani-'rcus uaxKinhltdj
That all dues, taxes, imposts and excises, laid or
imposed by government, ought, b\ the provision of
the constitution, to be uniform throughout the Unit-
ed States; and that no preference on K lit to be given
or allowed by any regulation of commerce or re-
venue, to ports of one state, over those of another.
".lut! resolved fwtfter, That the 'revenues of th*-
United States'.ong'ht to le colkctc fl arid received in
the legal currency of the United States, or in
treasury notes, or in the notes of the bank of the
United States, as by law provided and declared.
"jlnd resolved fwt/ier, That the secrctarv of the
treasury be and he hereby is required and directed,
to adopt such measures as he may deem necessarv,
to cause as soon as may be, all duties, taxes, debts
or sums of money, accruing or becoming payable
to the United States, to be collected and pa'id in
the legal currency of the United States, or treasury
notes, or notes of the bank of the United States as
by law provided and rl- dared; and that from ar.cl
after the first day of February next, no such duties,
taxes, debts or sums of money, accruing or becoming
payub.le to the United States, as aforesaid, ought to
164
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1816.
or notes of the bank of the United States as afore-
said.
The resolutions being twice read
be collected or received otherwise than in the legal i Several bills were passed through the committee
currency of the United States, or treasury notes, [and ordered to a third reading-.
The bill fixing the peace 'establishment of the
marine corps, was indefinitely postponed, on motion
of Mr Pleasaitts, who remarked that it hr>d l:een
31 r. Jjeiris moved their indefinite postponement. 'ascertained that the secretary of the. navy had alrea-
A debate of much length and no little warmth dy placed the corps ori the establishment conUm-
foilowed, occupying, in a great, degree, the ground | plated by the bill, and further th;'t it \v;,s believed
taken on the bill on the same subject which was the corps might be m;;de still more efficient than
yesterday rejected — the friends of the resolutions | us it was at present constituted, if organized dif-
urging- the necessity of some legislative act in a \ ferently from what Was contemplated by the bill.
matter so deeply interesting to the public wei,l; the, The bill respecting the patent rights of the re-
idarming consequences which might and probably presentations of Robert Fulton, deceased, was also,
\\onld follow from adjourning without doing some- on motion of Mr. Cutpefiper, indefinitely postponed*
tiling on the subject;'and the fact that there was a| And the house adjourned after four o'clock.
majority yesterday in favor of the bull but acci-l Saturday, *ij>ril 27. The house was chiefly occu-
dentally absent when the question was decided; pied this d;-y in the various minor business belong-
ike. — and the opponents of the measure protesting- ing to the intended adjournment — passing someun-
against it as well from its objectionable nature, as i important bills, postponing others, &c.
against attempting it when there were so few mom- The house went into committee of the whole, on
the bill concerning- vaccination,
Mr. Condit moved amendments authorising the
vaccine agent to send portions of the genuine matter
to certain post offices in the several states, for dis-
tribution, free of postage, and for introducing its
use in the army and navy; in support of which, Mr.
C. adduced some facts to shew the mortality which
had sometimes occurred on board our si?ip4 of war
in foreign ports. &.c. from the small
bers
:irl been
decided by the house in the rejection of the bill
yesterday. The gentlemen who spoke against post-
ponement and in favor of the resolutions, were
Messrs. Webster, Calhoun, drosvenor, Alexander,
Moseley, Pickering, Lyon, Culpepper.^olds'oorough,
and Sheffey; those who opposed the resolutions were
Messrs. Lewis, Smith of Md. Wright and Hardin.
At the close of the debate, Mr. Lewis withdrew
his motion for postponement; and
Mr. ir^'bater, after observing that it was in com-
pliance with the wishes of gentlemen friendly to the
general object of the resolutions, but averse to the
;cd option of the two first, withdrew those two.
Mr. thuith of .Md. moved to strikeout the "1st of
February," and insert the lot nf March. Xcg-atived
—ayes 52, noes 53.
After a variety of proposition1-', all which were
rejected, or withdrawn,
The question on ordering the resolution to be
?ngi'ossed and read a third time vas decided in the
affirmative, as follows:
YKAS-Messr*. A.!i?atf. Alexander, Atlierion, User. Basselt,
Moss, Bradbury, Brcekenridge, Bro'wi, Cady, Calhoun, Champion,
t'happell. Chipman. Cilley. Condivr, Civigljton, Cuiprppcr, C«uli-
had
in foregn ports. &.c. from the small pox, particularly
the instance of the Guerriere, which lost sixty men
in the Mediterranean, by the ravages of that conta-
gion. These amendments were agreed to; as well
as one offered also by Mr. C. to extend the duration
of the act to seven instead of three years.
The amendments were reported to the house;
when
Mr. Hardin moved the indefinite postponement
of the bill. After, some debate, this motion was
negatived by a large majority; and
The house adjourned.
Monday, dpril 29— .Mr. Thos. Wilson, from the
select committee appointed at the request of gen.
W. II. Harrison to enquire into the expenditures
made for tiie use of the north western annv while
^.'liapjH1!!. Chiprnan, CHIcy* vumui-L, v^c-i^uum, V/UIJM-J/IJVI, v^m-. --„•
hirt.itavi-nport, Edwanh. Km-m-v, Gastdn, Goidsbwiwgn, uriffin, under tive command of gen. H. reported their pro-
Onliveiioi%}ialcrHanlui.i]axvcs,Muml(:Kon,Ha;Kjn,iluSt-1-.Huji-(g.1.eSs therein, wliich from the delay in waiting the
v
K. Mim'.ieton. Mcwicy. Nelson, Mass. Nelson, Va. Newton Noyes, been very limited; and moving the reference of all
the paper's to the secretary of war to report thereon
Stii'iri, Stnvges, 'I o
'•:. Y. Webster, "\vii
$3$. rns
rt. Taul. Taylor, S.C. Telfoir, Vose, Ward, to tile next SCSSiOll; which was agreed to, and the
V6\, AViiioughby, Woodward— 79.
!,ngton,Habn,Haii, II isu-r, Irwin, Pa. Lewis, Lyle, Mil
( us. Koane. Hoot, Swage; Soul'ianl, Tale, Tlu-oop, W
ilnor,'Pick-
'ate, Thfoup, Ward, Mass.
\Vliiti -sido, Wilkin. Williaius, T. Wilson, W. Wilson, Wright— 35.
The resolution was ordered to be read a third
HIK: to d;;v, and was forthwith read a third time,
. ml i'AssKii by the following* vote:
YK AS— Messrs". A'1u:U •, Alexander. Baer, Boss, Bradbury, Breck-
••tu-iflKf. P-i-owii, C«<!>, Calhoun, Champion, Cliappell, Citley, Con-
Tl'.et, Cr'ighton, Cul[)»[)j)or, Cuthhevt, Davenport, Kdwartls, For-
ney, Oaston, Guldsl-orungh, Grosvenor, Hale, Hawes, Henderson,
"t Ierl»ert, Huijt-r, HungerFord, Ini;)iuin, Johnson, Va. .Tolinson, Ky.
Kc.iit, Langrion. Lovt-," L<»vctt. LowndfS. Lnm]>kin, Lyon, Marsh,
Maywnt, JMKoe. M'Lcan, K. Middleton, Moxeley, Nelson, Va. Ntw-
ton, Moyct. OnniJjy, PicktriiiR. Pitkin, IMeasams, liced, lie
j subject referred accordingly.
;! Mr. Culpe-ftier, after expressing his desire that the
house would gx> into consideration of the subject and
pronounce some opinion upon it — nioved that the
committee of the whole be discharged from the
consideration of the report of the committee of
investigation into the fiscal affairs of the general
post office; that the same might be brought at once
before the house.
Considerable debate arose on this proposition,
which we wish we had room for, but proably shall
insert hereafter. Mr. Culpepper's motion was finally
agreed to, and the report laid on the table.
KIII^II-S. Scliem-k", Sharpe, Sheffey, Smith, Md.' su-ariis. Strong,' The speaker laid before the house u letter from
Kmr, wS'% tbe PrtsUlcnt of the United States communicating
NAYS-MISTS'. ArdiL'f/Benneu, Bivdsall. Brooks, Bryan, Cald- i certain information called for respecting- the
-
well, Clnyi
Hall, lU-is(.
i, Clendci
lendcimii), Clopton, Crawford, pariingttm, Hahn, her of American prisoners at Dartmoor, which had
vaffe,^uS'TaJlTnr!S,W^Ma^wtt heen imposed, &c. which, with the documents,
wdc. WiiUin, Williams, T. Wilson. W. Wilson,' Wright, Yate&-34.
The house then went into eommittee of the whole
UP. the order of the day — but a quorum not being
presiMit, the speaker resumed the chair, and Mr.
.!ohns«)nofK. moved a call of the house — but a quo-
rum appearing soon after, the chairman again took
ihe chair, iuid the committee proceeded.
was ordered to be printed.
The bill supplemantary io the act to encourage
vaccination was indefinitely postponed — 49 to 48.
Several private bills were called over, and post-
poned.
The bill to increase the salary of the register of
the treasury [from 2400 to 3000 dollars,] and to
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— FOREIGN ARTICLES,
165
compensate him for signing treasury notes, passed
through a committee of the whole house, in which
the allowance for signing treasury notis, was, on
motion of Mr. Lownles, stricken out. The house
concurred in the amendment, and ordered the hill
to a third reading; which was subsequently read a
third time and passed.
_ The amendments of the senate to the bill allow-
ing drawback on spirits distilled, and refined sugar,
passed through a committee of the whole, and were
concurred in by the house.
Mr. Pickering submitted resolutions to amend the
rules, by limiting the number of each standing^ com-
mittee, except the committee of ways and means,
*o five members; to prevent a member from being
on two standing committees at the same time, to
regulate the daily distribution of the journals-; and
to keep the post "office of the house shut during the
hours the house is in session. These resolutions lie
on the table one day of coui'se. The house then
adjourned.
Tuesday, April 30.— Mr. Randolph, from the com-
mittee appointed uomc *imo »g<», f (-n^ulrt: mu> an
Illegal traffic in slaves, carried on through the me-
dium of this district, by persons in different states,
reported various testimony collected by the com-
mittee, in the course of their investigation of the
subject; but without other reports of facts or opi-
nions. The documents containing the testimony,
were ordered to lie on the table.
A bill was received from the senate, making some
additional appropriations for the service of the year
1816; which was, twice read, passed through a com-
mittee of the whole house, was amended, read the
third time and passed.
The house took up the amendment of the senate
to the resolution for collecting the public revenues
in the legal currency of the country, and concurred
therein — ayes 68, noes 23.
The house then took up the amendments of the
senate to the invalid pensien bill, striking out the
pensions to various persons, inserted in the bill by
this house. The consideration of these amendments
produced a good deal of discussion on the merits of
particular cases. The amendments were all finally
agreed to.
A message was received from the* senate, announc-
ing the appointment of Mr. Varnum and Mr. Ro-
berts, a committee on their part, to join such com-
mittee as the house might appoint, to wait on the
president of the United States, and inform him that
congress had acted on all the subjects before them,
and that if he had no further communication to
make, they were ready to adjourn.
The resolution was agreed to, and Messrs Craw-
ford and Reed were appointed on the part of this
house.
Mr. AHs<mofVa. moved a resolution to authorise
an extra allowance of fifty dollars each to the mes-
sengers and keeper of the post-office of the house,
in consideration of their faithful services; which was
agreed to uem. con.
Mr. Crawford, from thejoint committee appointed
to wait on the president, reported that they h:;d per-
formed that duty, and that the president hud in-
formed them he had no further communication to
make.
The Speaker then rose and addressed the house
with some brief but cordial valedictory expressions;
after winch he adjourned the house sine die.
(£j"The proceedings of the senate, at length, with
a list of the acta passed, and a variety of other con-
gressional matter, must lay over for <mr v.ext tuid fu-
Foreign Articles.
BOXAPAJITE. — Accounts from <SV. Helena shew us,
conclusively] that Cockburn is admirably calculated
for all the offices and duties of a, jailo" — a quality
that we always supposed he as eminently possessed
as for exploits in the Chesapeake.' But the sub-
ject of his care appears in good health, and to
despise the proceedings against him. In my opinion,
Napoleon never shewed himself more fully as a hero
than he now does, in the contempt with which he
treats his enemies, though in their power.
y." — Koine, October 11. A spectacle
-vorthy of the tijnes of the primitive c/ntrch, has been
witnessed here. Father Bergamaschi, a Theatin,
after having undergone the public penitence, which,
he had voluntarily imposed on himself, in order to
expiate his conduct during the troubles of the
church, died suddenly on entering the church of St.
Andrew delle Fratte. In the morning he had made
a general confession of his oftcnccs against the
church in a loud voice, shedding- tears nml beating
on ins breast. He then felt great weakness. In the
evening1 he wished to return and pray to St. An-
drew. It was then he dropped down dead. The peo-
ple whom such a pions spectacle must always collect
together, immediately made a saint of father Berga-
machi, and desired that his body should be exhibit-
ed for public veneration. Mothers made their clTil-
dren kiss his feet: and his clothes were converted
into relics. The governor of the. city was obliged to
send an armed force to prevent dis'order. The car-
dinal pro secretary of state, on a report being made
to his holiness of this event, sent forth an order for
prohibiting public penances and confessions ! !
PKOTKST OF LOUD HOLLAND in the house of peers,
against the address in approbation of the treaties,
on Monday, 19th .
"Because the treaties and engagements contain a
direct guarantee of the present government of
France against the people of the country; and in my
judgment imply a general and perpetual guarantee
of all European governments against the governed..
I hold such a design to be unlawful. I believe it to
be impracticable, and recollecting the principles on
which the revolution of 16G8, and the succession of
the house of Hanover was founded, I cannot give the
sanction of my vote to a system which, it it had
prevailed in those times, might have deprived this
kingdom of all the benefits that have resulted from
a national government and a free constitution.
(Signed) "VASSAL HOLLAND."
UIMTISU OUDKII IN COVNCIL. — The prince regent
has issued an order in council, prohibiting all per-
sons whatever, excepting the master general oi*
ordnance, from transporting to any place on the
coast of Africa, or in the West-Indies, or in any
part of the continent of America, except to a port
or place in his majesty's territories or possessions in
the continent or in the United Slates, or ship or lade
any gun-powder, or salt-petre, or any sort of arms 01*
ammunition on board any ship or vessel, for the pur-
pose of transporting the same to Africa, or in the
West-Indies, or on the continent of America, except
as above stated, without leave first obtained from
the privy council. Nothing contained in this order,
to aii'ect an order in council of 20th May, 1815'.
Tlii.i prohibition extends to six months from the
13th February last.
The /Janes, having settled their difim-nces wllii
r //;»//, urouo\v at peace with all the Barbary pow-
ui-y. Tluy pay the Trinuiitans a tribute of S
1(56 NILES WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 4,
It is now said that Lucien lionapa~te, finding him-
self obstructed in his attempts to come to America,
has returned to Rome, apparently abandoning the
project. His movements were announced to the
Jintish ministry by two messengers from Italy!
8>)ain. — There is a report that a conspiracy has
recently been discovered in Spain which had for its
object to kill the king- and prince Charles. A
Frenchman who is said to have been at the head of
it, with two Spanish generals, and thirty -six. other
pel-sons, chiefly military, were arrested and put into
close confinement. The Spanish general Renovates,
one of those ordered to the dungeon, escaped. It
rnay be that such a conspiracy has existed — but
from the opinion we hold of the morality of Ferdi-
nand and bi&prieaie, we think it is quite us probable
that they may have affected it for the purpose of
iniirileriiipr certain offensive persons under the sem-
blance of law.
Jiritiah stocks, March 1. — 3 per cent consols 61
1-2 1-4 3-8.
The l-oixiox. Cou^rr r,f the iRtlmf March, says-
Just before our paper was put to press we received
tetters from Paris of the 13th and 14th. One of the
>atter date is important. It is as follows —
" Paris, Jlfarch 14. — The fermentation which still
unhappily prevails, and the menacing attitude of
Lyons and several of the contiguous departments,
huve exciled just apprehensions in the ministers of
>he allied powers. Since I wrote you last, M. de
Polignac v/a.s deputed to the duke of Wellington,
whom he met at Elvsee Bourbon, with M. Fagan,
ambassador of the king of ihe low countries, and
Intimated the intention of the court to operate a
change in the ministry in favor of the ultra royalists.
The duke gave no conclusive reply, but in conjunc-
tion with AF. Po/zo di Borgho made shortly after
an energetic representation to the king himself.
M. Poz/.o di Borgho's was, I understand verbal; his
grace, I have every reason to believe, conveyed his
sentiments by letter. -,
Extensive slave trade. — The emperor of llussia has
obtained of the king of Prussia about two millions
of -white slaves inhabiting the country between the
lihine and the >leuse, which he gives us a marriage
portion to his sister, lately united to the prince of
Grange.
Lord Castlere.igh gave notice, in parliament, that
he meant to bring in a bill for "the better securing
of the person of Napoleon Bonaparte?" This ex-
cited a laugh amongst the members, but it was soon
found, that a large establishment is to be formed
i'/i1 this purpose, and that the keeper of Napoleon's
person is to be rewarded with 12,000£. per turnum.
About 50,000§ a year will be handsome reward to
t* e admiral tbv his vigilance.
The estabUsijiiiu, ,t at t'.r. Helena already costs the
Lhigii.-jh nation 300,000 pounds sterling per annum.
The elector of Hesse Cas&d has issued an order,
Milking itii ivi'.mrar.it change in the uniform and
> quipments of c!;e others and .soldiers of the army.
Tae most considerable changes are, that queue* shall
.^i: tried as-wai a-',- pCHsnibltt, xhut powder shall be
'-o.'n, and that cti.'Ovxiurv bliuii not Le worn with the
buck part in front.
'L'liL- inteiiiietl itvatriage of the princess Charlotte of
.5 with the prince of Saxe-Coburg, has been an-
nounced to the British parliament — and at the same
liiiio application was made 10 give them 60,000/.
sierling a your of the people's money for a begin-
. ,ig; about liuU' as mu en. to maintain these two
••i.-giiiin;ttc" persons as it costs us for the whole
v.v;i list of the United States.
Tiie Congo steam boat has sailed from England
for Africa, to explore the Congo river. The 1.
pool fVigato, a new vessel "built to match the large
American frigates," has been lost in the Downs.
A fleet carrying out 4000 troops, has recently
sailed from Lisbon for the Brazils — 2000 men hud
left that city with the same destination a short time,
before, and there is a prevailing opinion that the
prince regent is about to return to Portugal. These
troops are doubtless sent out to keep down the peo-
ple of the Brazils, among whom liberal principles
hare made great progress. From what I have heard
of the s\f.\e of that country from several private
sources, I expect duilv to hear that tiie nag of free-
dom flies on the prince's [late] palace.
Swaps. The debates in the British parliament
paint, the distresses of the agricultural avid commer-
cial interests in the most sombre colors, and there
is great opposition to the continued heavy expenc.es.
Lord Cochrane has exhibited articles of impeach-
ment against lord Ellcnborough. Jlferlin was about
to proceed for tiie United States from Antwerp. —
Admiral Linois has been acquitted, and col. Boyer
found guiuv n,,a oc»ts»-,o«a t<» <l*>:tth-. We have
further rumors of some commotions in Spain. ./!./«.
ria Louisa is to reside at Parma. King George is in
good health, "without any abatement of his disor-
der.' Massena is to be sacrificed. JJrouet, Lefevre
Desnouelis and Grouchy were summoned to appeal-
on the 10th of February, preparatory to tiie sen-
tence of outlawry. Gen. Bvhnus the saviour of IV vl-
Uuffton, and victor at Waterloo, died on the 25th of
Feb. in Prussia, in the 61st year of his age. An
armed force is stationed neur Lyons to keep the
affections of the people to their king. Gen. lldiurd
has been set at liberty. Charleroi is to be made a
very strong fortress, to keep a watch over the
French. It would appear from the bill before the-
British parliament, that a detention of the suit of
Xapoieon Bonaparte is not contemplated
The Boston Ce;uinel says — One of our last letters
informs that the prince regent was ill of a. dropsy,
and that his life was considered at hazard. — His de-*-
cease it was anticipated would create much agitation,
and an intire change of the administration.
Tue aggregate of British advances to Spain is
•about 17,000,000 of dollars.
It is said the emperor of Austria has offered ma-
dame Ney a. i asylum in his dominions, and restored
certain estates which belonged to her husband.
Bonaparte's favorite, Bertrand, his caused 16,0007.
in the British funds to be purchased for him; and
16,000 have been purchased for Cambaceres.
Four of the French Regccides who sought an
asylum in England, are said to have been ordered
to leave that country.
It is said 200 Swiss ribbon-weavers intend emigrat-
ing to the L. S. in the spring1.
France has paid England upwards of a million o'f
dollars towards her indemnity.
A Coal mine, which exploded in England tbout a
year since, has been opened, and 50 human bodies
have been found. As they were discovered in a dry
part of the mine, and the horses hud been eaten, i1.
was evident that this number of the miner:, had
been starved to death, after inefiecttul a
extricate themselves.
The plague has extended its ravages to Wali.-.cliiH.
A committee of the house of commons has bec-n ap-
pointed on the distressed sta£c of the agi'icultural
classes.
Sir Robert Wilson, and Messrs andBrucelluti
son, were to be tried about tiie 20th of March, b. .-
fore the French chamber uf Peers.
The British goverament, ha* instructed tlte are-
RILES1 WEEKLY REGISTER— CHRONICLE.
167
assavlor at Paris, to abstain from all official inter-] please. Wretched is the "rule that will not work
both ways." Miserable and debased is he that
would not contend for it, for his country's honor and
his own feelings as u mere man.
ECONOMY. — From a late London paper — "You may
rely on every disposition on my part to concur iii
measures of economy." — RegenC* speech.
Sir Robert Heron— "I wish to know whether it >a
in contemplation to increase the salaries of the com-
missioners of the revenue in Scotland:"
Chancellor of the Exchequer — "It /*.'*
Mr. Ticrney — "I wish to know whether, as we are
now at peace, there is to be any reduction in the of-
fice of secretary of state for the -war department, or
whether it is, as it ought, to be abolished?"
Lord Castlereagh — "We must not be questioned
in this unparliamentary manner."
Mr. Brougham — "I wish to know whether it is
in contemplation to increase the salaries of the law-
in the proceeding's of the French tribunal,
elative to sir R. Wilson, und his imprudent compa-
ions.
Sir. R. Wilson, and his fellow sufferers, are still
eld in duress, und denied a view of the documents,
n which their indictment is founded.
The French budget presents a total expenditure
f nearly 820,000,000 of franks for the 'current year;
nd a total receipt of 827,000,000.
Important. — Hy an arrival at Baltimore, "London
lapers have bee'n received. It is considered as u
natter of some importance that the opposition has
ucceeded, by a majority of 37, in carrying- the ques-
ion against the ministry in favor of a repeal' of the
iroperty tax; inasmuch as the ministry, itiscalcu-
ated, will thereby be compelled to resign. A pri-
•iitc letter to the editor of the Register, from I.on-
lon, speaking of the state of things there, says —
'they arc very fast drawing to a most momentous cri-
/s|*
NATL-TIALI/.ATION. It was slatrd in our paper vi
he 30th "March, page 77, that Cambaceres on being
>rdered by the French government to quit the
country, produced a diploma from the emperor oi
Russia, \vhich protected him as one of his imperial
najestv's privy council, &.c. The Southern Patriot
iays — "It was CAUNOT, (and not Cambaceres) who,
>eing ordered to quit Paris, replied, he would not
eave the city, until ordered to do so by his
wvereign. Upon being* asked "who was his new
officers in Scotland:
Chancellor of the Exchequer
"I will answer no
Xow, John Bull, if you do not look about you,
shut your eyes for ever!
DHKADFCL c A.L.VXITY. — Miichellstoivn, Ireland, Feb.
12 — A most melancholy event took place yesterday
morning- near this town, A fanner of some respec-
tability in the neighborhood, whose daughter was
married the previous night, invited a number of his
friends, Sec. to the wedding. Afier supper all the
young- people retired to a large burn to dance —
sovereign," he replied — the emperor of Russia, to I There was afire in the barn, as the night was cold,
tvhose embassy he was attached in the capacity of Kind afier they had been dancing f;r some time, they
;ounsellor. — We have this anecdote from good au-i wished to have the lire extinguished, when one of
good
ihority."
If these be facts, and we believe they are, it has
been shrewdly asked, what becomes of the "clear
and undeniabte doctrine of perpetual allegiance, as
asserted by Great Britain and her friends'1 Which
doctrine, however "clear and undeniable" as it is,
Great Britain herself denies by exercising u sove-
reign power in the naturalization of foreigners. -
There is a baseness and meanness in t,ome of our
politicians that 1 know not of language strong
enough to speak of, as it deserves. She never will
suffer impressment from her ships — and it is noto-
rious that during the late war, perhaps one f mirth
of the seamen in her employ were foreigners, vo-
luntarily or involuntarily in her national or mer-
chant service. The. simple fact of being two
years on board a British ship naturalizes a person
by statute. What a contemptible thing is it, that
the you.ig men went into the dwelling house for
some water as lie supposed (but it proved to be
spirits) brought it into the burn and threw it on
the fire. The barn immediately took fire, and as
it had no outlet except the doo;-, which was locked,
and could not be opened, dreadful to relate, a- num-
ber of them were burned to ashes; and such as iVand
their way out were miserably scorched. Sixteen have
been already interred, and about twice that num-
ber is despaired of, among- the latter number is the-
bride — the bridegroom is severely scorched, but he-
will recover. A young gentleman who has just came
from the melancholy t,ctiic, says he never saw so
dreadful a sight— men and women lying on the
outside of the ruins, so disfigured thiii >.;>eir parents
even could not recognise them ! The uncle of the
young man who
married, and his daughter, are
among the dead, They have not got out all the,
will concede to one nation as a iifitui-aT right, what | bodies from under the ruins yet, but from every
he' wiU not claim for his own. The creature must} account it is .supposed that aboul twenty pecsoas
be divested of every thing- like a natural feeling by! were burned to 'death ! !
foreign prtdelicticns, or be a purchased man— if Lj - r ....„....,„... ,,i . .......
•man he may be called. But there are some willing; , nr\vfv i-*'
to "swallow " any thin? if it be well "gilded." *-'•" tiO>lt/JLiB.
ft would establish a. principle of no little import- j SPOTS o> Tar si-x's DISK.— On the 29th snd 30th
ance, if the fact was clearly ascertained respect- j ult. u la: ^e spot (ur spots) was observed on tin;
ing Cnrnot. The praters of royalty — the A:nerican-| suu'u disk, exciting much curiosity and speculation
Englishmen— who have boasted and orated so much in many. The following notices "of the phei\om*.»
about the "magnanimous Alexander," will Hardly I non, .the first from \he' J\a-ional Intelligencer, anil
<dy, at the same time, delegated a sort of vice-
royalty pov.vr, to hiin, and with it a knowledge of
. IVLat ttnjf'!
11 ought to by a vine r/na nwit lasting as time, that
it consists of several
whole is surrounded by
pearanee i.; not unlike that of a cluster of
l or darli parts, uud the
' Its general ::p-
tor example, the
tiii;;, surrounded by u beh <•!'
the American people should never concede j;s a righi rocks, the outline of which conforiiis to ihe s^'Ticnd
•tion, any matter soever, except that they i fiijurc of the cluster. It is conjectured that the
ilso ^o:;i'c3s and muy ciijoy r, if they [longest line Uut c,.;: b" U:':.vv!. within vui* <-.m»Uv,
1(58 NILKS' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1816.
is at least 40,000 miles, or about five times the
diameter of our earth.
Various opinions have been suggested relative
to the cause of these spots. They are not •
quent ; 50 at one time have been seen ; they gi a
dually increase and gradually deci-ease, and, after ;
certain period, disappear. It is probable that tl.e\
are fixed and not flouting. — From many observations
made on the apparent motion of these phenomena,
the sun's diurnal rotation on his axis is found to be
performed in about 23 days 6 hours. Z.
n'ashinglon City, April 30.
Solar spot. — There is now a very large spot on the
sun, visible to the naked eye; when viewed through
a small spy-glass (which magnifies 15 times) it ap-
pears in shape like a bee, the black part, or nucleus,
representing the body, and the lighter shaded part.-
or umbra, resembling the wings expanded. The
length of the nucleus appears to be about equal to
a twenty-fifth part of the sun's diameter, \vhicl:
would make 35,320 miles; the umbra is doubtless of
much greater extent. It has advanced about two-
thirds across the disk from the eastern side, and
seems to have passed rather above the centre.
It will probably be visible three or four days lon-
ger, and will gradually move to the western side,
and then disappear behind the sun. Should it con-
tinue, it will be seen again, (after being invisible
for 13 or 14 days) when the sun's revolution on its
axis will bring ft round to the eastern side, and will
. ^irfird, Piercn flutter, ot Philadelphia, Jar,ir\
I Ruchtman, of Baltimore, John Jacob Astor, of New-
York
Richard^ Wand Lee, to be commissioner for the
settlement of claims for private property lost, cap-
tured or destroyed, whilst in the service of the U.
States, during ihe late war.
Samuel Ltme, to be superintendant of the public
buildings, &c. ift the city of Washington, under the-
act lately passed.
American navy The London Monthly Magazine
for October last, says — "The rapid increase of the
American navy has, it is said, led to enquiries and
remonstrances.
However ridiculous the above may appear, we
cannot but admire the impudence of the man who
could suppose it poniflble that a "remonstrance" on
such a subject could be made to this republic.
Lieut. Connor, of the navy, who was severely
wounded in the battle between the Hornet and
Penguin, was publicly entertained by his fellow-
townsmen of J.*ewi»ton, Pa. on the 23d March. Thus
are our heroes honored every where by a grateful
people.
Died, on Sunday, the
again travel across the disk. Solar spots of so large
a size have been rarely seen; Dr. Herschell saw one
in 1779, which he estimated at 50,000 miles in dia-
meter. The present one is, including the umbra,
probably quite as large.
The steam boat Franklin, 140 tons, was launched
Pittsburg on the 17th ult. intended for a regular
trader between that place and New-Orleans.
Political changes — In the year 1813, the aggregate
federal majority in the five New-England states was
upwards of 30,000 — In the present year the parties
may be considered as balanced, if there be not,
fairly, a majority on the side of the republicans.
ELEGANT EXTRACT — In a late electioneering speech
at New- York, Mr. Maxwell, in refuting xhe asser-
tion that we had gained nothing by the war, said —
"In the isles of the Pacific and the Indian ocean,
from Cape Horn to Nova Xembla, the "star-spangled
banner" was hailed as the symbol of valor, and free-
dom, and glory."
SPECIE. — Two ir.il!i'>!'. • f'.ve hundred thousand dol-
lars, which had been reposing, otium cum dignitute,
:it Columbia, S. C. being- the property of the banks
in the city of Charleston, during the \vur, kft that
place for their former home on the 16th ult. cscort-
Iftt of March, near Fre-
Jericksburg, Virginia, in the 7^nd year of his age,
lie venerable Francis Asbnry, bishop of the Metho-
dist Episcopal church.
Earthquakes, &?c. The city of Lisbon has been
exceedingly agitated by an earthquake which lasted
from two and an half to three minutes. Some vio-
lent shocks were felt at Madeira on the 2d of Feb.
which damaged many of the houses. A vessel at
^sea, about three hundred miles from the Azores, is
jstated to "have got almost on end, and appeared as
if run aground." The crew were dreadfully alarm-
ed. In the Indian ocean, at a vast distance from any
known land, two of the East India Company's ships
fell in with a great quantity of lava floating on the
surface of the sea. The following account of the
phenomena is interesting, being an extract from
one of their journals ;
" On the 1st of October our latitude at noon was
13 deg. 35 min. S. longitude 84 deg. 0 min. E. we
observed quantities of stuff floating on the surface
of the water, which had to us the appearance of
sea weed ; but were quite astonished to find it burnt
cinders, evidently volcanic, The sea was covered
with it during the two next days : our latitude on
the 3d Oct. at noon, was 10 deg. 9 min. S. longitude
84 (leg. 20 min. E.
The surface of the water was so completely co-
vered with the volcanic matter, that I should think
it very unlikely to have been drifted any considera-
ble distance ; as it. is probable it would have been
much more scattered. .In an old chart I had on board,
there is a submarine volcano placed in the same
longitude, and latitude about 8 deg. 30 min. S. ; and
ed by a detachment of cavalry.
Generals JJavis and A'-.y//'/. — We are sorry to ob-
serve that the bill which passed the senate of New-
York, for the relief of the families of gens. Davis j from the great distance from any land where w
and Swift, of the militia of that state, killed in the: found this curious phenomenon, I think there can
service of their country, (which lias been noticed inlbe no other way of accounting for it, than the pro-
thc Register) was negatived by the assembly. bafeility of a submarine volcano existing in that
" <lny port in a Stbnn." — Lloyd's (London) lists in- neighborhood."
... ^ .... iv. . rj.in, PLA(,UE — \K London paper observes — A Dutch
mail has arrived. It communicates the most melan-
choly details of the ravages of the plague in the pro-
vince of Piosnia, which it has nearly depopulated.
form us that the schooner Caroline, of Virginia,/r*«i
Norfolk for NeW'York, being- blown of the c.m;:t of
America, had put into J\\mtz, C France
of February!
on the 2{Jt/t
The war department is prepared to pay to the
This Turkish province, which had hardly a million
owners the damages sustained by the vessels sunk! of inhabitants, has Lively lost 500,000 persons by
to prevent the Cnemy from passing Fort AI'IIenry,t the plague. Three years ago, upon an exact cnu-
in 1814. ' Imeration of the Catholics, they were found to
Appointments by the president and senate. — To be' amount to 112,000 souls, of whom scarcely tLc half
directors of the Bank of the Unite! States [on be- j are now remaining; :«.nd the disease has not yet cca3^'
Iialfof the, United State.s]—/r7//iam Jones, Stephen i etl to
EGISTER,
i. 11 o? Vol.. X.]
lULTI'JOUK, SATUUJJW, MAY 11, 1816.
[WHOLE -NO. £
/fete olini inemituase iin-abit. — VIKOIL.
PITIJT.ISHWD IJY II. K1LES, AT THK HEAD OF CJIF.APSIDE, AT $5 PEIt ANNUM.
(Cj°It is with great pleasure the editorhas to state,
that, although a "compliment worthy of his accept-
ance" has not been presented to com. Jiodgern, on
behalf of the citizens of Baltimore, in gratitude for
his important services in September, 1314 — yet
that such a compliment has been for some time in
preparation, and will soon be ready to be tendered
io the veteran. We admire this quiet way of doing
things of the kind, and should not have mentioned
it now but to check an erroneous Impression, and
as an act of justice to the liberality of our high-
spirited citizens — who, as commodore farter ele-
gantly complimented them, "give graves to their
invaders, and to their defenders a monument.'*
. While on a subject so honorable to our citizens,
v/e cannot refrain from mentioning, that a superb
piece of plate, .representing a bomb-shell, to serve
as a great bowl by lifting tlie cdver — with appro-
priate supporters, inscriptions and devices, is to
fee prer.cn :eJ in ample form this day at fort Mcffen.
•n;, to the gallant defender of that fortress, lie-it,
col. ~$rinisieud, in the presence of those of the citi-
zens he commanded when it was attacked bv the
enemy, on the 13th September, 1814 — after which
there is to be a splendid banquet, for all present,
ut the cost of the do ora.
be executed by th
which an account has
it was proposed to grant their royal highnesses uu ^
out-fit of a year's salary — 4'V«,OOf. f"1' the VMrbt-s
expences of state, carriages, wine, &c. — 10,000/. for
dresses, and 10,000'. for an addition to her rural
blj*|hness's jewels. Lord Castlcreagh also mentioned,
that the right of residence of the princess where
she pleases had been provided for in the marriage
settlements; and whenever the princess ch;.ses :o
visit the continent )ier residence might be shorten-
ed at the will of the king or of the prince regent.
We should not hold ourselves guiltless if we suf-
fered these sweeping paragraphs to pass without re-
mark. It is true wisdom to profit by the foliv of
others; and the waste and extravagance^ with "t he
misery and distress, that follow in tthe tram of mo-
narchy, reflect the blessings of Gon on the people
of this republic in a light that cannot be too often
presented to the view of tlie American citizen. —
Fathers of families ! direct the attention of ^ our
children to these tilings — that the next generation
may love their country, and feel that they have a
home !
It is not pretended that our government is per-
fect, and that we are without some grievances.
Jut they are like mole-hills to the Andes, compared
those of kingdoms. The press is free — every
And that — in addiii'm to the paintings ordered t-
.„,! u.. .v CQU11cj| of Baltimore, or' tmn's conduct is liable to the severest scrutiny: and
been
given, (see
page 63, of the present volume; they have passed a
vote (observes the Federal GuzrtteJ requesting
major-general Snath, brigadier-general Strieker,
:ind lieuteiunt -colonel dnnist
respective portraits, which ar
ad, to sit for their
to be placed in the
council chamber of the first branch, until a suitable
building is prepared for the accommodation of the
corporation. A vote of thanks has been passed and
transmitted to brigadier general Winder and com-
modore Rodgtrs for the import tnt services rendered
by them during the late attack of the enemy upon
Baltimore. And a permanent fund has been in part
provided for the support ->f the families of the kill-
ed, and for ihe maintenance of such as were disa-i^.l
bled at Bladensburg, North Point and Fort M'Hen-""
"y> by appropriating for that purpose the amount
receivable for licencing theatrical performances in
tlie
tlie ballot-box is the silent corrective of abuses.
remedy is in the people for any error or vice in their
rulers. But in monarchies, the press is dungeoned
— truth is a libel, and the ballot box exisis not, or
has lost its virtue — To imagine a change of nil el's
is death ! The unhappy European held in bondage
by the •word', can relieve himself only by the sword
— to purge and to purify his government he must
destroy it! High treason and rebellion, in the
construction of "legitimates," is to desire, or labor
to obtain, a change that may redress the wrongs of
thc people ! Deplorable state of misery and degra-
dation ! But magna est veritas, &c.
To proceed — and by figure* shew the extent of
the profligacy of the tilings stated above.
Their '-royal highnesses" are to have £ 50,000, equal
to £>266,400 per annum, the capital of which at
• 6 pei- cent, is i'1,000,000 sterling, or g4, 440,000
city, producing about eight hundred dollars a Jhe"'"outfi.T or >'ear!b s'aarv
. In addition to this fund, the sum of two thou- io whlch add thc P1-l»
sand dollars lias been appropriated by a joint resolu-
tion of both brandies for the same humane purpose.
The sweat of the poor.
London, March 16, 1816. This day the chancel-
tor of the exchequer moved, in the house of com-
mons, that a grant of 60,000^. a year, be voted, in
order to provide a suitable establishment for her
royal highness princes Charlotte Augusta, and his
.serene highness prince George Leopold Cobourg de
SaulfeM, to be continued during- the lives of their
highnesses, and that his majesty be enabled, in case
ot her royal highness' demise, to settle the sum of
S0,000/, a year on his serene highness the prince of
Co burg.
The motion was agreed to nem. cen.
^ In thc conversation on the subject, Mr. Vansittart
vtae chancellor of the exchequer) mentioned, that
v €)L. X. (vr
princess's former
allowance, to be retained as heir o*'
the British kingdoms, lxjing, if Ire-
collect rightly, .£16,000 or £71,4.00
per annum, giving- a capital of
Dollars.
2o6,40&
1,100.0^0
5,796,400
Five millions, seven hundred and ninety six thou-
sand four hundred dollars, wrested from the Lard
earnings of the poor, to support one young m:,n and
one young woman, who have not, really or nominal-
ly, any thing to do with business of the state, but to
keep up a kingly breed ! But the "royal pair" can-
not live on this sum, vast as it is — they must '.; .ve
at least »6'10U,CUJ per annum ,• and we shall soon
'near of some office or offices being conferred on the
piince in which there is nothing to do bat io pocket
and squander the salaries. £ 100,000 gives uj a ca-
pital of nine millions of dollars — money eiiwi.gh to
the great Jakes with Uie AttwiUc, and caafcl
170 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, MAY 11,
lie whole American coast ! S.tran^e, that /-.yopup-[ make brick, without'straw, or / print my p'apef
pets shouk'
ney
pets should consume of the people's money — mo- without behigtpakl for it. Jlcavv taxes, and the
r>ey tliat they have never labored one hour to earn — : waste of public money fill the j)oor-Jiouses; and the
such an immense amount. The procedure will send j filling of the poor-houses (by throwing the mass of
about fifteen tkoutand to the poor bouse. Jlut whatjthe AveuUli into Ihc hands of a fe-u>} facilitates tiie
of that ? It is needful to the sstem of the g-o^ collection of heavy taxes. This is a perfect corol-
vernment that the poor houses should be filled !
-V; a contrast to the splendor in which these two
arc to live, observe the following* —
O:ic fifth of the whole population — that is, tirenty
out of every hundred of all the people of England,
are paupers; and by a return to the house of com-
mons of the ]xjor rat fa paid in the year ending- t.hc
lary — a matter not to be disputed. The Hritish tax-
es have been paid and loans effected on the same
principles that built up the pyramids of Egypt and
erected the great wall in China — which is, by cast-
ing- all the product of the l.-ibor of the many (over
the value of that which M'as necessary for their
mere subsistence1) into the pockets of the few — and.
1 iU - i" + • ' •> 1 .- 11 1 ., 1. _ . "1 ,11 ^ „!.,.- <•
'].•>! h March 1815, it appears that the amount paid [by the extinction of what is called the middle class
by 1 2.880 parishes of England, and 1,033 parishes j of society, once the boast and glory of England, in
of Wales, was ,£?,023,889 18s. 8d. — 773 parishes! that country, afiorded the means of subsidising and
of England and 81 parishes of Wales have made no
return. So that the sum total paid by this part of
the united kingdom cannot be less til an eight >»il-
'*"rt7J9 «?tf*rlmo» -nf>i» mimim *
per annum.
bribing half the world, Pag-ans, Turks or pretended
Christians, to nv rder for '"religion." SUCH is THE
FfiriT THAT THK Tinn: or XOV.MM IIY UK A. us.
To re'airn one moment to the subject on which
It is not easy for an American to imagine a state | we sat out, and to conclude by relating- a churacter-
of thing's like this. The best way to g-et an idcaj'^/'c anecdote of the girl who' has cost the British^
yf it, is to suppose, if he can, onfjfih of all the' people so much money. lately, when cruising oil"
persons \"i his OM n particular district — county, city' Weymouth in her yacht, having- come near to the
town or townshrp, to be dependent on what is call-1 Leviathan of 74 gv.n's, she resolved to go on board of
ed "public charity," for support. If he can carry! that ship. The bishop of Kxeter remonstrated
the idea in his mind as fur as I can, his fancy will' against this visit, but in vain — g-o she would, and
j^cken at the picture he must draw. It is useless 'g-o she did. When she came to the side of that
to enlarge on a subject that has been so amply J large ship, she rejected the use of the state. chair,
•rented of in this paper, and which mu be fami-;and said *he would g-o up like a sailor — hating or-
li,:ir to most of our readers. \dered cnpt. Nixon ttjvjlo-to and take care of her pet~
The poor fa;ir-* of England, (in which there is not ; licoats, up she went with the agility of an experiei-c-
jnor'e tax-contributing individuals than there are in|ed seaman, and let the bishop and her ladies come
the United States) will support the general and allj«P i" the chair. She went through every part of
!-hc state government:; of all the United States and) the ship, cockpit, powder room, store room, &c. —
'heir ten i torics, including- the army and navy, S;c.
^c.; p;;y the iiitercst of the national and all tlie state
debts; uiichartre cU the road and poor and other
'lounty or township levies of all the states, of what
nature or kind soever they may be— and leave mil-
lions on millions of dollars for'a surplus. What an
ex.iiibit! — and it is tnic.
The sailors were delighted with her, to whom shf
g-ave a purse of money — she then descended to her
yacht as she went up, And again left the chair for
the use of the bishop and the ladies.
Naturalization.
The 'legitimate government' of France attempts' In our last paper we inserted a brief article th^
to rival the profligacy of that of England. The im-jwe thought had some considerable point on the sub-
beetle thing called the duke of Herri, a nephew ofiject of naturalization. Another case has occurred
J-fOiiis dc Bourbon, (the king- that rules uiuler foreign! of a more certain and tangible cliaracter, and de-
DiiNoncts) is to marry a grand-daughter of the king-j serves particular notice. The London pap ers,spcak-
oi Naples. The chamber of deputies, as they are ing- of the preparations going- on for the "doubling-,'1
idled, have voted for him, in addition to his present as the Yankee phrase is, of Charlotte Jvgusta Gimtyr;
cnsion of 1,500,000 francs, another million a year, with George Leopold Cobonrg, exulting-ly tell us,
i + li or* outfit r\f +\\?f\ \\-\ ill! An a f K«4- t,-. 1- ^ * ~ A. _ i. _- . L, i
with an outfit of two millions— that is, he is to "have I thatxiu: HILT. TOR THK NATunAT.i7.vno> OF THE LATTER
of the ]:eOp!e's money, about g50Q,000 a year, andjpAssBn TIIUOURH PAHLIAMKXT ix TUB SI-ACK OF six MT
S 100,000 just to set him a-goinpf in the world) SUTES.
••—besides the emoluments he may derive from hisj There is, then, a "clear and undeniable right'" in
(^lice-s! -This is stt'h'J /Lhc Jiritisli parliament to naturalize foreigners
iOO,OOOS P?? annum, at 6 per cent, is equal to a! There could he no f/iwtion about the matter, scein-
c:.pltal ol : : : : $8,o40,000 jthc wiiole business wa.s done in six minutes. There
His outfit, : : : 40)0,000 j is nothing- in the law of GOD or of nations, by which.
• |the right can be effected by a quality in the per-
S8, 400,000 [sons claiming its exerci:;e— Cobo vrg and Cock/mri-
!arc the same^ns to the justice or propriety of the
"Lei tne people rejoice!* that tliey have thus toitliing done. Docs this act of the parliament releas.
pay their princes fbr being- in France, while they! George Leo/told Cobonrg of the alliance he «wed
have to pay \\\c foreigners for keeping- them there! {to a'petty German prince, being his "jnitiira! bnrti
^ Jilt in mo;;are!)ies,it is absolutely necessary t]>at \auhject?"' Some of the woul'l-i>e-iito:;ght great meiv.
mure exist without this misery, than the Israelites IW this aei. Gt:purlhmenT, might we not as easily and
• — — .-•.,.,.,, i..._ citizen of the United
-for I have
)r England, it v/ould
cfttio be I H \ytVd for i»s, lr> Uo it. Dut if by this act,-
T! ~~^~. ~" , "'" ' ' ' 'as rirhlfiillvhavc made hinf.a ci
M puc t^is at £,,600,000, by calculation, lo,,.-- |,(.-: states by act of cong.-ess- I think so
:..-e l^sa-.V (.rkcard ot the preoedwig'— .s -f- vol. ix«ia noiion .that if it were hnfrl for Engh
NILES WEEKLY REGISTKH— MR. COBBETT'S LETTER.
>c not to all intents and purposes as
•."natural born subject" of the British empire, then
lias parliament violated a first great principle of the
tttiv of nations. This procedure will put the "legi-
timates" in an unpleasant predicament, be the fact
argued and twisted as they please: for it shews, in
a way that cannot be mistaken, their base and de-
le In pocrisy, and holds up their impudence
M\d falsehood- to the scoff of the. world. VVho will
Contend hercaf.cr that -,w- may not as legally natu-
Mr. Tc-a?i;c (f/fag-ati, if we like, as the par-
liament invest this Dutchman with the rights of
a Hi-jtish subject? I think that none will be hardy
enough to prate about it in future — the question is
:>,t, rest; an-! what was so "clear and undeniable,"
is found to be exceedingly obscure or absolutely
f.dse.
The truth i^, the British have always supposed
<hey had a right to naturalise foreigners — they have
several statute.", on the subject; and we must cer-
tainly admire thut moflrstii in their friends which
•would refuse an exercise of it to other sovereign
and independent nations: but we should especially
esteem that manly sense of honor in those of our own
«-.itizens, who, granting it, by the laws of •nation.';,
to England, would refuse it, by the same laws, to
the United States!
No man, unless he puts his fellow*crealure? on :*
level with the brute creation, can advocate their,
perpetual allegiance, and deny them the privilege of
locating themselves, as they feel most needful to
their happiness and comfort. It is the most abomi-
nable doctrine that ever was held forth; but that
.affected opponents of the trade in black slaves and
of negro slavery should hold it, is really too impu-
dent tc be borne with patience.
Letter from Mr. Wm. Cohbett.
TO MR. NILES,
Proprietor of tftc J! tvAY// Kcgister at Jtctltinio'.**,
^Jr Axswr.n TO A LrxTKit ruo:i nr'.r ; AND (»• THK
rrTi.u n-:s OK TTT>: rvm.TJW PUK^S.
front- Ct&btil's H'ej'ili/ PoUticcl f.Ycw'tr, of January 20, 18 '6.
LONDON, January 15, 1816.
Sin, — T am exceedingly obliged to you for your
letter of the 4th of November, and for" the volumes
of your valuable wo*k, which you have been so
good :ts to send to me. Ko time will be lost in send-
ing to your friend the things which you desire to
have sent to him for you.*' Ik-fore this can reach
you, you will, in all likelihood, have c.een, Jr>, or
from, the pages of the Register, that a plan has
tieen resolved on to defeat the wishes of ;,il those,
who, by whatsoever motives actuated, and by what-
soever engines they muy work, are desirous to keep
America and all the world, but especially America,
itfliarc.ni tf-wliat is pa-tm';!?- in England.
In the meanwhile f arn exceedingly gratified by
the contents of your letter. It is impossible for
me not to be proud at hearing what you sav of the
circulation of my essays throughout 'your country.
The fact is some compensation for 'past, and a'n
encouragement to future, exertion. But, T am, if
* 1 have in my library the first 17 volumes of Mr.
Col&eit'* Register, and an exchange v/as solicited to
complete the set to the present time. The plan
he speaks of bus already been extensively circulat-
«- I in our papers, but shall have a place in. 'this work.
' he "public letter" lie alludes to, our readers wili
recwllect. was published in the lust volume, which
) do not know if he lias yet received, and which I
' he "darca" notpuMisi).
possible, still more pleased with the intelligence,
that you "have collected the materials, necessary
"to write to mCj publicly, a letter that shall exhibit
"to me a great variety "of Statistical facts, which
"you hope will be useful in both countries; and that
"you shall twii the said letter, with the fear of fiod
"before your eyes, for yourself; and with tiie f'eai*
"of (rod and the attorney general before your eyc-s,
"for inc." Be assured, that, as far as rnv ability
goes, your matter shall not be seed sown in barren
soil; and that nothing which I am able to do, and
dare do, shall be left undone to communicate to
the people here the facts, which it is your intention
to publish.
I am not at all sin-prised, that the Cuxnack fiction^
amongst you, is now cut down. The events in
Europe; the treatment of the French under the
Bourbons; the restoration and the acts of the pope j-
the famous work of Ferdinand and his Monks; the
butchery of the Ijyal protestants in France-, who, like
your Cossacks, put up thanksgivings and made tri-
umphal processions for the restoration of the
descendants of Charles the 8th and Louis. the 14tl>.
These things, and some others that 1 will detail in
another place, must have made your Cossacks hide
their heads for .shame, if shame" had not long been
a stranger to them. J am glad to hear you say, that
the Ft; tier afrits arc not to be confa&ndid with these
people. It would have been shock 'ing indeed if gre:.t
numbers of sensible nnd virtuous men, bred up in
the very lap of liberty, could have been, by party
prejudice and animosity, carried to so disgraceful a
length. Indeed, I am' quite satisfied, that though
party spirit must always exist in America, the events
in Europe, and especially the condition of som«> Euro-
pean countries, if properly made kno\\ n tlu-iv, will,
in a very few yc:>r^, not leave in your republic a
single man, who will dare openlv to hold principles*
hostile to those institutions, which J-a\v produced
you so much happiness in peace, and which have
led you unhu.-t through the iicry trial of war. To
do this, in part, at least; to make your countrymen
well acquainted with what ftaa»es h?n>; with t In-
state of this country; with Treasures, motives, inten-
tions, characters, and views; with the very pegs
and wires of the machine; shall he t»* of nui princi-
ple object*. Something of the manner, iii which l!:to
is to be done, lias been slated in former numbers
of the Register; the remainder of tin: plun will be
hereafter fully detailed.
In my former U-Ht>r to you I gave you some in-
formation about •«/,!• y,jv«s." I told you" the sta'e in
which the London press way. I explained to you,
how the country newspapers acted' as gt'.tter.s to
convey about, or distribute, the emptyings of these
grand s'cwcrs of f dvv-lHr.-tt ;md harness. I promised
more f\i!!y to describe some, of the principal actors
in these scene--; that is to say, to name them and
iheir employers, to specify the moils and the nmovnt
of the rvmnnwiiu'vn of some of the leading liter.uy
hirelings; in short, to exhibit to you the Ensdish
fire** in it? Me nlwriv. This proniiie T shall fulfil
in due tinje, and, I trust in ':gr.a,d style:" Th ;
iiiirtoTy of this press wilt be far inore ainusing ^hali
that of Jo.YATii.vx WILD, or of urn- other of' thcs«
knights of the post or tiie jvHl, whose adventures
imvc at once trntcvtHincd and siiocked in:il»i;jnd.
Cut, for the present, ! shall confir.e myself, as ti
tiie uress, to the noticing of a singular tarn, wh'fth
things have taken since mv la-^t'ietier to vou. j
theti told yf>u, that a vta'* oftktHg* ;»n» iiphr>>aclur,c(,
which would make people /W,- and that, in spite bY
the pi'oss, j',",'!', 'iv would oj>c'a.ilu-ic c>ye.s. Tuou^i
it is only six fiion'f)s> and two wcrl^'siirCie 1 \vi:ott*-
NILE*' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY II, 1816.
ti> } ou, this stale of thing has already arrived. Thi
• lias produced an inclination in great numbers of
people trj fi'.'ii"' ti'.'nit I hare no\v to say; and this
inclination in their leaders lias led the cond
of a great .part of 'lie news-papers in England, Scot-
V-nd, and 1< eland 1.0 commit acts oi' piracy upon me,
ao audacious and base as any of the acts of piracy
ever committed bv the pirates of Barbary, or the
pirates of nut/ othfr intiian. in short, there are, I
believe, more than one hundred news-papers in this
kingdom, the proprietors of which now owe, in part
the bread they eat to my pen. To be the means of
assisting' in tiie feeding of these men and their him-
dred f.uiiilk.. u, at first sight, a pleasing reflection;
but, upon set-on:) thought, it is neither moral nor
humane to aid in the support of robbers; and, per-
haps, of all the robbers that ever existed, literary
jobbers are the most to be detested.
Some of these pirates regularly take my essays,
its they come out, aral repubhsh them entire, wish
date, signature and all; and, as their papers contain
u. U eru.-,ements, paid pnntffraphs, list of bankrupts,
tittle-tattle, and news besides, they can sell their
p. pers ibr little more than half the price of mine,
un i c.m supply, by ivjcaits of inserting my ess-ays, all
so:',s of rra.leT.s at once. Others t.die the essays and
iuive out the name, leaving their readers to suppose,
/that they originate with themselves. Others insert
the essays with tiie name, and, having thus provided
for those whom they know to be the sensible part
uf their rcaclc;s, they insert, in their own name,
• some .io/'rn or two of lines containing inert; ftcrsonbl
jin'.fn; of me. This latter is a bait for the foolish
and cornipt; and thus they secure the custom of
the Wi.ole circle. But, there is one, who inserts
the -itiliole of my essays nnd?r a falsa name. This
paper is published at Reading, and is called the
*}'!'jmu-ii. Tiie God Mercury is said, I believe, to
vave Had tae protection of robbers committed to
Mid, re..liy, '.his paper seems to be worthy of
the pat i-oji whose nuiae it. has chosen. There are,
perhaps, 4'JU or 5 JO proprietors of periodical ptib-
• lication* in your republic; and, though to become i,
•\.i- in mat country would be dieadad to tiiink
verity believe, that there is not one out of the
..!.,) \\.,.J;1 no;, lather beg his brand from door
vo il:;or, than gain it by means like those by which
• men are gaining their bread from me."
If, indeed, it wa«3 or e^er h.id bee.t, a practice
.;;e, <.(, s,c\d Ti'')!!! o;i;'r pub . ., c;,;-e
: lit; btll, i hi.S is V IH'VC-i'
< M i. >ie c./ur.-.e oi' my life. 1 never take
ul> .\.ra-.i f. oiii any original matier, exccp
of G')iumeuting thereon; and, upon
..is, 1 11,,-nr the author, or tiie work.
. h'ave !io adver isemen;:-;, I have iiever in
.1 mo,,es ibr in.-.eriing aav tlii:.:;
tills ..(/:'k. 1 .u,i compelled to make my work kigh-
foic no oilier means of obtaining i\'
I0i0''r.s;-iiien. fui my exj/c;tcO:;, to sav uotuing of
ri-mahtration foj mv time and labour. Under such
cir,-.i;i;.-tancc.;, \:-. it no, base to tiie last degree, -o
v . ,. ul . no.ie acts uf'pu.uu , of which 1 have spokei
1 oi!gin to fuel, an 1 1 re.'l'.y do feel, great satisfac-
tion, a. Seeing that Cn^pubUc vntinwn; Jiava inr!uc-t\!
t::e.-f nien to pir.:'e upon \i\c- and ihus to -bec/Jine
;-Uiiipei.s of him, v.v.on., for so many years tiie
i • r.--:.ier part of tne:?i liave been abusing-. Mm,
1 can a, low them no sha'-e oi' the merit oftioing the
£ , id. TiiatSuTne self-initresi, \v!:icli before induced
tucia ,o be c • iiimniatois, has no\v made t.iem pirates.
.uuemoiive, f.oui \\liic t tii<.v e: (h .vourecl >o
my reputation, ius now induced vJiem tc
steal my propertv. It certainly is a proud refle.tftior
that the public feeling has, at last, induced the
former opponents of my opinions to become the
circulators of those very opinions; but though it
particular hive may justly be proud, that the supe-
rior flavor of its honey lias attracted all the wasp-,
and drones of the vicinap-c, it does not follow, that
the bees should not dislike, and endeavor to drive
rift', the wasps, vho, if left to themselves would rob
ihe hive of the whole of the profit of their skill and
:ibour. I shall endeavour to drive off these literary
ivasps, by legally securing the copy-right of my
essays, seeing that to all restraints "beyond the let-
ter of the law" they are wholly insensible.
'What !" some corrupt slave will exclaim, "it is
gain, then, that y»i» have in view, after ail1 your
professions of desire to promote the public fft>od /'*
And, he may repeat the sentiment of SIR VICAJIT
Gr»Bs, that u man ought to be more severely
punished for writing what is called a libel, when
'ie derives "base hicrc" from hi.s \vritings. I hep
you, Sir, in pay attention to this; because you \vilf
find, that it strikes r.t the root of all literary intle-
icndence; that it aims at the degradation of literary
Lalent, and at the extinguishment of all liberty' us
"ar as the press is concerned.
I willle.ive you to determine, whether thqse v/ho
plead at the bar be wholly divested of all objects of
gain, because that is a point upon which I will not
trust my pen, on this side of the Atlantic. But, Sir,,
what moves the physician to visit the sick ? What
moves the priest to administer the sacrament ? IK
jo'h cases a desire to do others good may have
great weight; but, the physician t-jkes his fee, and
the priest his salary, or his fees, or both., The
physician and the priest will tell you, that they and
their families must eat and be clad. And must not
you and I and our families eat and be clad ? The
physician and the priest will tell us, that mere food
and convening are not a sufficient reward for the
exertion of their talents. And, are you and I and
our families to be content with mere food and
covering as a reward for the exertion of our talents ?
I3ut, it will be s:jcl, that ive piofess ro have public
vodd principally in view. And does iu t the priest
more especially profess to have public good prir.ci
pally in view ? The physician and the pries', (hi
your country), as well as you and I tender t.-e us<
of our talents to the-, public, leaving to that public
to accept of it, or r.ol, as it may choose, upon the
conditions which we prescribe; but, there is this
distinction in favour of* liter.ay talent, that, while
the physician and the priest "are employed from
ncct'sxty, whether real or imaginary, those who avail
t.'icmseives of the use of our talent do it froni mere
choice, uiuirgeel by any necessity cither imaginary
•>r real.
If a wi her were to publish a book of a few pagc^
and make the price of it a thousand pounds; no one
would have a right to find fault. It would be wort-h
tiie thousand pounds a copy, or it would no'. If it
\vas, it would be sold; if not, no one would buy it.
In either case no injustice would be done to any
body. There is a small pamphlet now published,
in London, containing instructions how to destroy
rats, the price of which is a guinea. This pamphlet
has and professes to have public good for its object.
!'::, nobody has yet thought of accusing the author
of being actuated by a love of "base lucre/' though.
i> is clear enough that be- did not rightly understand
iiis own intci-i-st; for tiie' price oi 2.s-. would have
brought him r.r.ich more money as a reward for his
discovery.
V/e have, and so have you, I dare say; i><it?:it$ fo?
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— MR. COBBETT'S LETTER.
discoveries of all sorts. Tliese discoveries really jment. on.. .lit to have large salaries, because, other-
are frequentlr of great national importance. But,
So not the patentees keep the benefit of them, as
much as possible, to themselves ? Is it not the very
object of the patent to enable them to do this ? Do
they not sell the permission to use their discovery ?
Do they not punish those, who pirate upon them ?
And has there ever been any just man who re-
proached them for this; who, on this account, ac-
cused them of a want of public spirit; or, who laid
to their charge a pursuit of "bus? lucre ?"
Rut,
why need we go farther than the law of copyright
itself, as it exists in America as well as in V*\\g.
land? By this law, the principle I contend for is
fully sanctioned; and shall it be said, that a man
is actuated by u love of base lucre, because, in
Acting upon this principle, he endeavours to ob-
t;un something1 beyond food and raiment ? It was
one of the greatest glories of England that POPE
became rich by the labours of his mind.
But, besides all these arguments, there is one of
still greater force; namely, that by a man's securing
to himself ease and plenty from the labours of his
mind, he also secures to himself the best possible
protection against the temptations to subject that
mind to trammels. Had not Johnson and Burke been
needy men, do you think, that the former would
have written in favour of the stamp-act, or the lat
ter against the first dawning of the revolution of
France P Both, by industry and economy, might
have possessed large fortunes and enjoyed perfect
independence; and both, at their death, relieved
their country from the payment of a pension. It is,
therefore, for the interest of society at larg'C; it is
for the interest of the rights and liberties of man-
kind, that all literary men, und more especially
those who write on the subject of what is generally
called politics, should receive from the public freely
paid them, \ke.fuli worth tif their labours; MM\ itis very
clear, that the richer they become, from this sponta-
neous source, the .better it must be for the.public to
whom they address their writings; because they are
hereby stimulated to further exertions, and are, at
the same time, made, proud in their independence.
The value of a book, a pamphlet, or paper, if
these be left to work their way, unaided, on the
one hand, and unchecked, on "the other, by the
government of a country or by its agents, will be
sure to be speedily ascertained. If this value be
very small the writer must, and ought to be, as
writer, poor; but, if the value be veVy great, ought
he not to be rich ? We set no bounds to the riches
of merchants or farmers or land-dealers or loan-
makers. We say that judges, governors, and of-
iicers of state should be tnty paid. And why ? That
their purity may be preserved, that their dignity
may be upheld. And why not apply this sound and
excellent reason to literary men, when the latter
desire to possess nothing but the fruits of their own
earning? Why grudge them, and them only, that
which their talents bring them without the. aid of
any government, or any tax-gatherer : Your I-RKSI-
T>y.x-r, in his dignified, elegant, and modest message
of the 5th of December, recommends the establish-
ment of a "national Seminary of learning, as the
"means of advancing knowledge, without which the
"blessings of liberty cannot be fully enjoyed or long
"pr«»erved " Useful as such a seminary may possi-
bly be in securing the object here contemplated, I
much question, whether great spontaneous reward
to literary talent, and the consequent independence
of individual writers, are not of much greater im-
portance to the cause of freedom. It is said, that
tlic persons employed in the high offices of govern-
wise the nation would not secure the services of nil
tJte most able men. And, why should it? Whv
should not some, at least of the able men, be left
to watch over the people's rights, and to instruct
them in these rights, through the channel of the
press ? And, why .should not these able men become
as rich, .md beheld in as high estimation, as the of-
ficers of government ?
To return, for a moment:, before I conclude, to
my particular case; I am resolved, if the la\v ui'l
bear me out, to put a stop to the piracy, of which 1
complain. Yet, *hat no one may have just groumls;to
accuse me of any thing- like selfishness or iUibeiMi r v,
I hereby offer to give anybody pcnr.ission to re-puh-
lish in any newspaper," out of London, any part of,
or all, that! publish in the Register, provided that
the proprietor of such news paper agree before-hand
to pay ten shillings a Aveek for such permission, the
contract ceasing at any time that such proprietor
shall choose. I do not include this present letter, which
they have my free consent to insert for nothing.
.Wore I to consult solely my interest, I should
grant no such permission. 1'iif, at any rate, if the
permission be not worth this trifle to a -proprietor
of a news-paper, he can hardly say that the prohibi-
tion will deprive him of any thing. That which is
not worth his buying at th'e price of ten shilling.'*,
can, surely, never be worth his stealing. lazier
the readers of lu's paper will desire the insertion of
my essays, or they will not. If the former, he must
derive advantage from the insertion; if the l.dter. i.c
suffers no injury from not inserting them, and he
has only to stick to the sale of his own proper?}:,
leaving me in quiet possession of mine. All this is
so reasonable and so fair, that, really, unless those
persons trump up some doctrine
a right of
search," which is to justify them in impressing im
essays into their .service, I. cannot sec \viiat they can.
have to urge in the way of objection.
\our account of the prosperous state of your
country agrees with all that I hear from other
quarters of the United States. But, amidst increas-
ing commerce, navigation, manufactures and popu-
lation, while new towns are
rising up and new
.-.tales are crowding forward, I hope you will not
forget to build ship* and riist cannons, • for, T am well
convinced, that to build ships and to cast cannons
are the best, if not the only, security that you can
have for lasting peace. Therefore* again 1 say.
build s/ii/js and cant cannons. I ^.m, sir, \ our most
hunible and obed't servant, WM. COiiJiETT.
P. S. Since the above was written, there lias beeii
tendered to the publisher of the Register a parcel
of JLiiericun newspapers, from whnm I know uo<
They were brought by the post-man from the post-
office in London, marked with' the Gravesend post-
mark, sealed s.ifely up with the post-office ssal, a.:d
charged with postage to the amount of five pounds,
three shilling?, and ten pence; or about twenty-one
dMurs. They were not received, of cotir-jc. You \vill
see, in the p;.ges of the four or live last numbers of
the Register, the history of several other parcels of
American newspapers, which have been presented
and refused in like manner. I do not know wno has
the goodness to send me this last parcel; but v/hoc-
ever it is my best thanks are due for the endeavor
to oblige me. This evii wiif not now be of. long du-
ration. I and my readers are, by these impediments.,
deprived of a great deat of useful information; but
we should have lived in England for the last quar-
ter of a century to very little purpose not to have
learnt to submit with becoming resignation and.
humility to such. trifling crosses in IJ-fo.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 11, 1318,
List of Acts
jt>a*sed<it the first session of the fourteenth congress.
AN ACT to authorise the president of the United
States to lease, for the term therein mentioned, the
new building on capital hill, for the better accom-
modation of congress.
Making additional appropriations to defray the
expences' of the army and militia, during- the late
\var with (ireat Britain.
•for the relief of Jonathan B. Eastman.
To authorise the payment for property lost, cap-
tured or destroyed, by the enemy, while in the mi-
litar service of thfj United States, and tor other
'fat the relief of Charles Markin.
Rewarding the officers and crew of the sloop of
var Hornet, for the capture and destruction of the
Hritish sloop of war Penguin.
To enlarge the time for ascertaining the annual
' Transfers :'.iid clianges of property, subject to the
Jircct tax, and for other purpose:;.
.For the relief ot' Henry Failing.
To regulate die commerce between the United
States, tiii',1 tii.: Lerritories of his Britannic majesty,
according to the convention, concluded the 3d July,
For the relief of the heirs of Meander Roxburgh,
Authorising . of money to
.(anus Levins.
Cnmling bounty \\\ ' fa pay to cer-
,um Canadian volvu,
For the rcli ipajiy of the l^'li brigade
of Virginia militia, commanded by captain Jonathan
Wamslcy.
Making appropriations for ordnance aixl ordnance
stores, for the" year one thousand eight hundred am:
sixteen.
For the relief of Samuel Dick, Wm. Bruce and
Asa Kitchel.
Concerning Pharoah Farrow and others.
To repeal the duties on certain articles inanu'fac
tvired within the United States.
For the relief Chnrles Lcvaux Trudeau.
Uewavding the officers and crew of the Constitu-
tion, for the capture of the British sloop of wai
Levant.
For organising the general staff, and making
further provision for the army of the United State::
For the relief of the widow and children v\
Charles Dolph, deceased.
To reduce the amount of the direct tax upon tin
:ordjug to the convention, concluded tJie ud July, (7nited States, and the district of Columbia, fur tin
1815, and the ratifications of which were exchanged j vear 1315' un^ to repeal, in part, the act, entitlec
mi the 22d December, 1815.
For the relief of William Morricsct.
For the relief of John Kedtnan CoxC.
Fur the relief of Martin Cole, John Pollock,
George Westner nnd Abraham Welty.
For the relief of Charles "Itoss and Samuel Breck,
surviving executors of John Ross, deceased.
To enable the people of the Indiana territory to
form a constitution and state government, nnd for
'•he ; r such state into tlie union, on an
equal footing \viui the original states.
To irtcorpoi . -M-ibcrs to the bank of the
United States.
i or ili . v ii !' of certain purchasers of publioland
IB the Mississippi territory.
To authorise the president of the United States
:o lease the Saline, near tlie Wabash river, for a
term not exceeding seven years.
For the re lief of Jonathan White.
For the relief of John G. Camp.
To ume.ul au Act for the relief of Edward Hal-
For the relief of Jonathan Jlogers, jun, of Hart-
J">rd, Connecticut.
For tlie re'-icf of \\m. Hamo.i.
Providing an additional compensation to the
tlistrict. jim^c of the sout hern district of New-York.
\rii- '..IJY Viu-d.oi- provision for military services
Jtacing t!.,> late v.:.:-, and for other purposes.
Making r-urther provision for settling- claims to
Jund in tlie territory of llljnois.
For the. relief of cortam claimants to land jn the
district of Yincennes.
To continue in fjrce the act, entitled "An act for
imposing additional duties upon all goods, wares
and merchandise, imported from any ibrci-'n Pott
or nlace. J °> l
or place.
To continue in force an act, f-ntitled "An ict
fcyinjf a duty on imporled salt, granting a bounty
on p,ckled nsh cxpprted, and allowances to certain
vessels employe^ in the fisheries.
To repeal so much of an act
postage.
Continuing in force certain acts laying j
uak notes, refined sugars, and for other n
i- the relief of Joseph Wheuton
on the
"An act to provide additional revenues for defray
ing the expences of government, and maintaining
the public credit, by laying a direct tax upon th<
United States, and to provide for assessing ant
collecting tap same," &c.
For the relief of Charles Todd.
For the relief of Thomas II. Boyle.
For the relief of Erastus Loomis.
Concerning the titles of certain purchasers oi
land, who purchased from the board of trustees oi
the Vincennes University.
For the relief of Young King, ohief of the Seneca
tribe of Indians.
For the relief of William Flood.
Placing1 certain persons on the list pf navy pen-
sioners.
Authorising the payment of a sum of money tu
Tolm T. Courtney and Samuel Harrison, or thcl<:
legal representatives.
In addition to the act to regulate the post-office,
establishment. „.
For the more convenient arrangement of times
ancl places of holding circuit courts of the Uniteii
States, for the districts of South Carolina anil.
Ceorgiu.
(framing to Amos Sp.%fFordthc right of pre-emption.
For the relief of Ephraini Sha\ler.
For the relief of Patrick O'Fiing, arid Abigail
O'Flingand Kdmond O'Fiing.
J'or the relief of Tliomas Ap Catesby Jones.
To authorise tlie s.nle of lands, forfeited to the
United. States, in the district of Jeflcrsonville, at.
the land o'Hcc in said district.
Providing for the sale <,f a tract of land at the
.'Drilish fort at the Miami of the lake, at ihe foot
of the Rapius, and for other purposes.
Providing for the sale of the tract of land at the
lower liapids of S,andusky river.
For the relief of Thomas Ferrer, William ^
ind William Moseley.
For the payment of the militia, in the cases;
^
, r the h'CC imPortilti»n of stereotype plates, and
encourage the printing and gratuitous disu-ibu-
- tion of the ^i-ipture^ by :]„ Klblc; roclSles
| tlie Tn;:.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— LIST OF ACTS.
175
Directing the discharge of F.benezer Kccler and
John Francis from imprisonment.
Directing- the discharge of -Moses Lewis from
imprisonment.
For tlic rei a is;- Ion of certain duties on the impor-
tation of books for. the' use of Havard College, and
Oil the carriage and personal baggage of his excel-
lency William (",'ore, g-ovcrnor of the British pro-
vince of Upper Canada.
To change the mode of compensation to the
members of the senate and house of representa-
tives, and the delegates from territories.
Authorising and requiring the secretary of state
Co issue letters patent to Andrew Kurt/.
For the relief of Joseph Wilson.
For the-Mlief of Gustavus Loomis.
For the relief of Paul D. Butler.
To increase the pensions" of invalids in certain
cases ; for the relief of invalids of the militia, and
»or the appointment of pension agents in those
•states where there is no commissioners of loans.
^To repeal the act, entitled "An act to provide
additional revenues for defraying the expences of
government, and maintaining the public credit, by
laying duties on household furniture, and on gold
and silver watches."
, To abolish the existing duties en spirits distilled
within the -United States, and to lay other duties in
lieu of those at present imposed", on licenses to
istillew of spiritous liquors.
For the relief of John T. Win.
Authorising the payment for the court house of
Hamilton, in the state of Ohio.
To regulate the duties on imports and tonnage.
To alter the times of holding1 the circuit and
'district courts of the United States, for the dis-
trict of Vermont.
Making appropriations for the support of go-
vernment for the year 1816.
For the relief of Rufus S. Reed and Daniel Dob-
<bjn£.
Supplementary to the act to provide additional re
venues for defraying the expences of government,
and maintaining the public credit, by laying a di- Ipointrnent of one commissioner
rectt&x upon the United States, and to provide for
assessing and collecting the same.
Providing for the distribution of one hundred
tl'ou.sand dollars, among the captors of the Alge-
s-ine vessels, captured and restored to the dey of
Algiers.
law 'to inspectors, mc.'isurerR, weighers and ganger?
employed in the collection of custoiim.
For the relief of Joseph S. Ne\\i!!.
Declaring tlu: assent of CotK^re.v; to an :.ct of the
ncrul assembly of the state of Virginia.
-Making* appropriations for rebuilding light houses
and for completing the plan of lighting- them, ac-
cording-to the improvement of \\inslo\v Lewis;
for placing beacons and buoys ; for prescTv'mg Lit,
tie Gud Island, and for surveying the crust of the
United States.
To authorize the building- of three li^ht houses,
viz. one on Race Point, one on Point Cumni'jn, and
one on the island of Petit Manon, in the stale <>4"
Massachusetts.
To authorize the surveying and making- a road in
the territory of Illinois.
Making appropriations for repairing certain roads
therein mentioned,
Supplementary to an act entitled -'-An art f^ranU
ing bounties in land and extra pay to certain Cana
dian volunteers."
For the relief of Samuel Manac.
Authorizing the payment of a sum of money tu
John Rogers and others.
Providing for cases of lost military land warrants
and discharges of faithful services.
For the relief of George T. Ross and Daniel T.
Patterson, and the oilicers and crew lately under
their command.
To enable the levy court of the county of Alexan-
dria to lay a tax for the purpose of defraying the
expense of erecting a jail and court house.
For the gradual increase of the navy of the U.
States.
Making- appropriations for carrying into effect a
treaty between the United States, and the Chcrohce
tribe of Indians, concluded at Washington on the
22ddayof March, 1816.
Making an appropriation for enclosing- and im-
proving the public square, near the capitol, and to
abolish the office of commissioners of the public
buildings, and of superintendant, and for the ap-
the public
igiers
Allowin
with
For tii« benefit of John P." Maxwell and Hi
5i. Maxxve1,!.
For the relief the president and directors of the
building.
For the confirmation of certain claims to land in
the western district of the state of Louisiana,
Supplemental to the act, entitled "An act reg-u-
""- and defining the duties of the judges of the
latin:
j territory of Illinois, and for vesting in the courts of
.owing pay to certain persons made prisoners jtne territory of Indiana, a jurisdiction in chancery
the revenue cutter Surveyor. cases arising in the said territory."
Authorising the comptroller" of the treasury to
cancel certain export bunds executed bv Casper C.
Schutte.
Washington Bridge Company.
C.mlinuing the salaries of certai
"1
uent.
tain officers of go-
\laking appropriations for the support of the na-
vy of the United States, for the year 181(5.
•"o fix the commissions of the collectors of the
direct tax alid internal duties, and to revive and
••mtinue in force "An act further to provide for the
collection of duties on imports and tonnage."
For the relief of Asher Palmer.
For the relief the supervisors oi the county of
Clinton in the state of New-York.
For the relief of John Crosby and John Crosbv
.jun'r.
For the relief of Taylor and M'Xeale, Evans and
M'Xeale, and Henry and John M'Chister. '
l'->r the relief of certain owners of goods entered
,it Hainpden, in the district of -Maine.
To increase '.he compensation no-.v alleged bf
Authorizing the judges of the circuit court, and
th-e attorney for the district of Columbia, to pre-
pare a code of jurisprudence for the said district.
To provide for the appointment of a fnrrveyor of
the public lands in the UTriion«.-s u.? Illinois and
Missouri.
To ii'ithorizre the survey or* two millions of acres
of the public lands, in lieu of that quantity hereto-
fore authorized to be surveyed, in the territory of
Michigan, a* niilUas-y bounty lauds.
Concerning pre-emption rights given in the pur-
chase of lands to certain settlers in the state of
Louisiana, und in the territories of .Missouri and
Illinois.
i.\>r the relief of David Cjllin, Samuel and Win.
Rodman, and Samuel !J'Kl:r;an, jun.
• Supplementary to an act making- alterations iu,
the triMsury and war departments.., passed, the &tjj
day of M«y, 1792.
176
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, MAT H, 1316
"Dcc'uiring the consent of congress to .tcis of >l.e
state of South-Carolina, authorising* the city council
ol' Charleston to impose and collect a duty on the
lur.h'i^v or' vessels fVom foreign ports; and to acts
of the si.aie of Georgia, authorising the imposiiion
and collection of a duty on the tonnage of vessels in
the pons of Savannah and St. Man's.
Providing- for the sale of certain lands in the state
of Ohio, formrvly set apart for refugees from Cana-
da :.nd Xova Scotia.
For the relief Elizabeth Hamilton.
Regulating- the currency witliin the United Stales
of the gold coins of Great Britain, France, Portugal
and Spain, and the crowns of France, and five franc
pieces.
For the relief of Morris Turner.
Authorising- payment for persons captured by pri-
vate armed vessels.
Authorising the payment of a sum of money to
Joseph Stewart and others.
To establish a land district in Illinois territory,
north of the district of Kaskaskia.
For iv.li icing the duties o;i licenses to retailers
of wines, spirituous liquors and foreign merchan-
dise.
To indemnify Jabez Ma wry and others.
For :he relief of Manassah .Miller and Isaac De-
nixon.
To alter certain parts of the acts providing for
the government of the territory of Missouri.
Making appropriations for the support of the mi-
litary establishment of the United States for the
ye,",r 1816.
For the relief of William Crawford, Frederick
Rates, William Garrard, and Thomas 1}. Robert-
son.
Supplementary to the act passed the thirtieth oi
March, 1802, lo regulate trade and intercourse with
the Indian tribes, and to preserve peace on the fron
tiers.
Resolution to indemnify the sureties of com. John
Hodge rs.
" Requesting the president of the United States to
present medals to capt. Stewart, and the officers o1
the frigate Constitution.
Requesting the president to present medals to
captain .James Biddle and the officers of the sloop
of war Hornet.
Requiring the secretary of state to compile and
print, once in every two years, a register of ail of-
ficers and agents, civil, military and naval, in the
service of the United States.
An act for ihe relief of iieut. col. Wm. Lawrence,
of the arm\', and the oflicers, 8cc. composing the
garrison of Fort Ilowyer in 1814.
Further supplementary to the art entitled "an
act providing for the indemnification of certaii
/•i.u:iiants of public lands in the Mississippi terri-
tory."
Supplementary to an act, entitled "an act to
corporate a company for making certain turnpike
ro.-'vls w'rhin the district of Columbia."
To increase the salary of the register o.f the trea-
sury, providing for the settlement of certain ac-
o>iim.s :i£::in_st the library of congress, for extend-
ing i!ie privilege of using the books therein, and
for caiablishing the salary of the librarian.
Authorising the sale of a lot of ground, belonging
to the (Inked States, situated in the town of Knox-
Til'.e, Tennessee.
Resolution Authorising the president of the U.
States to alter the road laid out from the foot of
luu rapids of the river Miami of lake Erie to the
western line of the Connecticut reserve.
To authorise the legislature of the state of Ohio
o sell a certain part of a, tract of lund reserved for
he use. of that, state.
To limit the right of appeal from the circuit
court of the United States for the district of Co-
umbi.i.
Authorising a subscription for the printing of a
second edition of the. publie, documents.
Concerning- the entry of vessels at the ports of
Middle, own and Plymouth.
To extend, certain privileges as therein mention-
ed, to Bernard Edme Vcrjon and Robert Low Sto-
bie.
Relative to evidence in cases of naturalization.
Relating- to settlers on the lands of the United
States.
In addition to an act "in relation to the navy pen-
sion fund."
Confirming to the navigation company of New-
Orleans the use and possession of a lot in the said
•icy.
Establishing a port of delivery at the town of the
Bayou St. John.
Further extending the time for issuing and locat-
ing military land warrants, and for other purposes.
Respecting the late officers and crew of the sloop
of war Wa«p.
Concerning certain courts of the district of New
York.
To increase the pensions of Robert White, Jacob
Wrighter, John Young and John Crampersey.
Concerning invalid pensioners.
For the relief of Peter Audrain.
To allow drawback of duties on spirits distilled
and sugar refined within the United States.
To fix the compensation of the secretary of the
senate, clerk of the house of representatives, and
clerks employed in their offices.
Concerning the annual sum appropriated for arm-
ing- and equipping the militia.
For settling the compensation of the commission-
ers, clerk and translator of the board for land
claims in the eastern and western district of the
territory of Orleans, now state of Louisiana.
For the relief of Edward Wilson.
To increase the pension of W. Murray.
Fixing the compensations of the chaplains of
congress.
For the relief of John Hoik cr, 'formerly consul
gcricral of France, to the United States.
Resolution for printing the laws relative to natu-
ralization.
For the relief of Xaverio Nandi.
For the relief of Richard Mitchell.
Concerning field officers of the militia.
Making further appropriations for the year 1816.
For the relief of Joseph Anderson.
Resolution directing copies of documents to be
transmitted to the judges of the supreme cou: .
Resolution respecting the collection of the public
revenue in lawful money of the United States.
Resolution authorising- the president of the United
States to employ a skilful assistant in the corps of
engineers.
To increase the compensation of the superinteiv
dants of the manufactories of arms at Springfield
and Harper's ferry.
CONGRESS,
. Several bills were passed. The yea*5
and nays on the bill for organizing a general staff f«.~
the army, were as follows:
MILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—CONGRESS
177
EAS— Mi ssvs. Barry, Chace. Laeock, Mason, Va. Morrow, Ro
ts. Rugglrs, Ticbeitor, Turner, Vimuii— :o.
AYS-M-ss'-s. B-.ihuur. Br <\vu. Coi>dit. JJaggett, Daoa, G:v!
Fvjr the fiaacgc— Messrs. Harbour, Buvry, Brown. Condit, Fro-
Ventin. Gaillard, Howell. Laeock, Mason,' Va. Morrow, Roberts,
Sanfbrd, Tuit. Turner. Wiiliams-15.
Xff«7««ft-Me»srs.DaggeU, Goklsborougb, Money, KVng, Ma-
<ro!i, Mason, N. M. Thompson, Ticlienor, Varnum, Wells, Wil-
son—13.
Mr. Harbour communicated to the senate a reso-
lution of the legislature of Virginia, adopting the
amendment to the constitution of the United States,
proposed by t;ie legisUme of North Carolina, to
provide an uniform mod? of choosing members to
congress, and electors of president and vice presi-
Ueiuof the United Slates; j.nd
Mr. J\Iason of Va. communicated a resolution o1
the legislature of Virginia rejecting the amend
ments proposed to tiie constitution on the same
subject-, by the legislatures of Massachusetts ant
Connecticut. -{The Hartford convention proposi
tions.]
April 23. After disposing of some minor busi
ness,
The senate resumed the consideration of the bill
making appropriations for the support of the nav\
for the year 1816.
Mr. Laeock moved to insert an appropriation o
200,000 dollars for building and completing vessel
on the lakes; which motion was negatived, as fol
lows:
YEAS
berts. R-.
NAYS— Tvi-ss'S. Barbour. Br <wu, Coi>dit. IJaggett, Da<>a, G.. ,
Urd. Goldsborougli, Gave, Horsey, King, Macon, Mason, X. H
Tail, Thompson, Wells, Williams, WiUon-17.
The bii* was then ordered to a third reading
read a third time by unanimous oonsent and passed
The senate resumed the consideration of the bil
making appropriations fur tiie support of the arm*
fbr the year 1816.
Mr. Bttrbour proposed to amend the bill, by in
sorting1 in appropriation of 1,250,000 dollars, to de
fray the expences incurred by calling out the iniliti
during the late war, in addition to the sums lierelo
fore appropriated for that object; which amendmen
was agreed to bv vie following vo;e:
AYES.-M ssrs. Harbour, Barry, Bib!), Brown, Condit, Fn
mentin, Hors. y, How il, Lacoek. Macuii, Mason, Va. Robert
Tait. Turner. Wells. Williams, Wilson -17.
NAYS.— Messrs. Campbell, Cliace, liaggett. Dana, Gaillar
Goldsoorough, Gore. Harper, King. Mason, N. H. Morrow, Rui
git*. Sanford, Thompson. Ticbenor, Varnum— 16.
The biil, as amended, was then ordered to a thir
reading.
April 24. The bill, supplementary to the ac
granting bounties in land to certain Canadian volui
teers, passed tin*® ugh a committee of the whole
was read the third time by general consent and p
ed.
The bill to reward the officers and crew of th
Constitution, for the capture of the British sloop
*war Levant, was ordered to a third reading — aye
19, noes 6.
The bill to authorise the issue of a grant to majo
general Andrew Jackson, for n tract of land be
stowed on him by the Creek Indians, was on motio
of Mr. Lacock> postponed beyond the session, b
the following vote:
YEAS.— Mesrs. Barry, Dagg^tt, Dana, Gaillard, Gokls'noroug
Gore, King, Lacoek, Macon, Mason. N. H. Morrow, Roberts, Ru
gles, Thompson, Turner, W.>us, Wilson— 17.
NAYS, — Messrs. Harbour, Brown, Campbell, Chace, Cond
Fromcncin, Harper, Howell, Masou Va. Sanford, Tail, Varnum — 1
April 25. Tjie bill authorising the people of Mi
sissippi territory to form a constitution and stal
government, was, on motion, postponed beyond th
session.
Thirty-six bills ^announced as laws in the list o
acts) were severally read the third time and passed
The senate resumed the consideration of the bi
increase tiie compensation of the clerk of tl.c
ouse and secretary of the senate, &.c. Af;er the
iscussion and disposition of various amendments —
Ir. Varnum moved 10 insert a clause authorising
n addition of 200 dollars to each of the clerks in
he several departments whose salaries do not ex-
ecd 1300 dollar", which motion was negatived,,
yes 7 noes 21.
Mr. Lacoek moved to allow all the clerks^ in th<*
'.r.p .'.i-tments who receive less than 800 dollars a«
.ddition of 25 per cent.— those between 800 and
lot exceeding 1250, twenty per cent.— '.hose be-
wecn 1250 and not above 1500 dollars, f,t'n>r-n per
cent.— and the respective messengers 20 per cent
•ddition; which motion was also negatived as fol-
•>•"•;:
YEAS.— Messrs. Condit, Daggett, Gaillard, Howell. T.acnck,
Morrow, Roberts, Rugglcs, Sanford, Tait, Turner, Varnum,
Wi ilia-iis — 13.
NAYS— M. ssrs. Barhour, Ban-}', Brown, Campbell, Cliace, D«-
ivFrmm-ntin. Gotdaborough, Gore, -Harper, Horsey. Kinpf, Mn-
eon, Mason, N. H. Mason, Va. Thompson, Ticlienor, Wilson— IS.
Mr. Farnum moved to add a provision to ;dlo\v
the chaplains to congress at the rate of 1000 dollars
each per annum; which motion was also negatived,
nyes 13, noes 17.
The bill was then ordered to a tMrd reading.
The bill for the relief of Mrs. Elizabeth H.-jmi!
ton, widow of the late general Alexander Hamilton,
passed through a committee of the whole, and \va
ordered to a third reading — ayes 20, noes 6.
April <2&, The joint resolution to ascertain 1K<
longitude of the capitoj, was taken up, and reject-
ed.
Forty bills (announced in tiie list of acts) wer-
;e.d .md severally passed.
The bill appropriating the sum of 2,500 dollars u
captain Stewart and crew for a vessel captured in
the Tripolitan war and converted into a U. S. vessel
by the captors, without selling the prize; v.*as rea/t
a third time, and on the question whether the bil
should pass, it was negatived as follows:
For the tocutsnge — Messrs. Barry, Brown, Dag:?ctt, Goltl.b'jronp-.';
Horsey. How II, Sanford. Tait, Wells-o.
Agfiin,tt it— M ssn. iVi'ib, Campbell, Condit, Gaillair:!,
King, Lacoek, Macon, Morrow, Roberts, Tiohenar, Tiirutr. V'av-
num.WilliJuns, Wilson— IS.
April 27. Mr. Fromentin laid before tiie senctr
the disagreement of the legislature of the state of
Louisiana to the amendment of the .constitution li
mi ting the service of the senators of the tlniteei
States to four years.
Mr. F. also laid before tue senate the disagree".
mcntof the same legislature to the amendments o'
the constitution proposed by Massachusetts anp?
Connecticut, (tiie Hartford convention prop?'
tions.)
Various bills were acted on and ordered to „
third reading, without the discussion or decision of
any principle of importance.
The senate spent some time in considering execu
tive business.
April 29. This day was chiefly occupied by the
senate in reading and passing bills, &c.
April SQ. The sitting of this day was occupied l.i
consummating business previously/ decided; passing-
various bills already announced as laws, and in con-
sideration of executive business.
Messrs. Varnum and Jloberts, the committee ap-
pointed this day on the part of the senate to wait on
the president and inform him of the completion of
the public business, reported that the president had
no further communication to make; whereupon
The senate adjourned, sine (fie.
NILES' WKEKI.Y REGISTER—SATURDAY, MAY 1], 1810.
port froia the secrctar.v of statc» complying'
their resolution of the 17th February last.
"THK HOLT I.i: VffUE." J U'JIS "M 1D1SON.
London, Feb. 8, 1816.— Home <>f Oinntions. ^pri, 18,Aj 1816
Mr. Brougham said, that he should move for the REPORT.
production of two papers, which, though he had The secretary of state, to vliom wns referred the
every reason to believe they existed, were not to be rcsoiution Of the house of representatives, request-
found in the great mass of matter already before the ing. the president to cause to he laid before tVat
house. The first of these papers he cor.ld not help jaousc information relative to the duties laid on
considering with a great degree of jealousy »i"i"| Articles imported from the United States into the
alarm, coupling- it with the speech made from the. British provinces of Canada, Nova-Scotia, and New-
ions of the noble lord. | Brunswick, relative to the duties on articles ex-
,
throne, and certain declarations
It was a treaty (dated the 25th of September, I81o) j portec\ to lne United States from the said provinces;
between Austria, Russia and Prussia — a treaty to jtjie c'altjes \&\<± ou goods, wares, and merchandise,
which thi.3 country was not a party, nor France, nor,; im{OTrtCti jnto tue British West-India island?, or any
he believed, any other power ; it was ratified the of them, from the United States, or from colonies
25th of December — a day ostentatiously mentioned •- « • 11 **--.- r- •- «— -
iu it a£ ihe birth day of our Saviour. The treaty
in America owned by other foreign European pow-
ers; and likewise, as to the duties on imports and
it:,c!f was of a very general nature, and seemed to|CXports to ^fcich' vessels of the United States are
b.ive no definite, practical, or secular object; butjgubjaect in the ports of the British East-Indies; ha*
professed to relate to the interests of the great >tiie'nonor ^o statc, that as the information received
of these inqui-
5, has been
necessity of
. „ . 0 r. _ .us, and other
Lord Casilercagh believed the treaty had no evil; respectable sources, within the reach of the depart-
view.s whatcv<
treaty he had in view, was entered into between
France, Austria, and some other power; it was
ment, to enable him to comply with the call of the
Mr. Brougham proceeded to say, that the other house, which produced inevitable delay in making-
this report. He begs leave further to state, that Die
ccompanying tables, numbered 1, ~, 3, 4, 5, and 6,
dated the 6ui of Jan. 1815, and, like the former, 'embrace all the information that he has been able to
seemed to have no definite or secular object what- [obtain relative to the objects of the resolution. It
over. [is believed that it is substantially correct, though
Lord Cast lereagh said, from the description of 'less particular and precise than might b£ wished.
jetty understand j From these tables it will he seen that the vessels
c treaty given, he could not exactly
•,his country would not join.. No hostility whatever jmcrce, particularly designated in the table num-
,.'us intended to states not within the pule of thejbercd 4. It will be moreover seen, that this trade is
Crlstian church ; but the whole treaty was couched 'confined exclusively to British vessels, and in most
•in the m'iklest spirit of Christian toleration; and ; instances to British merchants, and articles of minor
though iu was drawn up in a manner rather unusual, 'value as respects bom imports and exports. \Vhe-
yefe there were no grounds whatever for entertain- J ther, under the existing regulations in Canada, the
ing the slightest jealous; . I trade by inland navigation between the United
Mr. Brougham, observing, that this was no reply j States and those provinces is confined to British
as to me subject of the treaty of January 6, 1815, he
was at a loss what inference to draw from the noble
lord's silence. Was the noble lord not aware then,
of that treaty ">. Was there not a treaty of guarantee
.11 gainst Russia 1
vessels, is not distinctly understood.
Respectfully subruiltcu,
JAMES MONROE.
Department nf state, Jpril 17, 181G.
No. i.
Lord Castlereagh submitted to the hous.e, that ; Information relative to the di/tit-s laid r,n articles im-
there were no grounds for such questions as hacij ported from the United States into the British
been put. If papers were called for they would be; provinces of Canada.
produced; but it was not to be endured, that hei On the 29th of May, 1815, the intercourse be-
v/as to be thu:j questioned as to the manner in which 'tween the United States and Canada was regulated
foreign treaties might afi'ect this country; this was Hay an order in council in Canada at that date.
really going too far. ' This order directs, "that duties shall be paid and
. '• " '] " - .'. •— — • [collected on all goods and commodities imported
T j 17 ifrom the United States, agreeably to the following
Imports and Exports. |tiirifr, viz.
Message from the president of the United States, j "AH kinds of wood and lumber, seeds and grain
transmitting a report of the secretary of state, |of every sort, all kinds of provisions, :-.nd live stook,
made in pursuance of a resolution of the house | Hour, pot and pearl ashes, furs, skins, pig iron, and
of representatives, of 17th February last, re- i tallow, may be imported duty free,
quiring information relative to duties on imports [Castings of iron, at 32£ per cent, ad valorem,
from the United States into Canada, Nova-Sco'.ia ! llolled and slit iron Id. per pound,
and New-Brunswick; of the duties on articles (Spikes, nails and brads, 2d. do.
exported to the United States -from said pro-
vinces, Sec. &c. &c.~ April 18, 1815.— Read, and
ordered to lie upon the table.
\Vax candles, 7d. do.
Spermaceti, tallow, or part
2</. do.
1 transir.it jLp the house of representatives a re- Hals, hat bodies, or caps, 32^; per cent ad
BILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
179
Vuper of all kinds,
Pia)kg cards,
per cent, ad valorem
Boots and boot cos,
Saddles and bridles,
Manufactured tobacco,
American scg'ars,
Snuff,
f'/ea'ther, including" all
hides or skins, tanned
or dressed,
Shoes and glov cs, of all
kiuds,
All gold or silver plated
v.ire, jev.'clry and paste
Work,
Spirits, of American ma-
nufacture,
2.9. 6d. per pack.
7s. 6d. per pair.
30 per cent, ad valorem .
7d. per pound.
20s. do.
1*. do.
All articles are permitted to be thence exported
to the United States, except salt petre and muni-
tions of war. On the articles exported, which are
the products of Great Britain or her other colonies,
there is a dntv imposed, on their importation into
the provinces of %'ova-Scotia and New-Brunswick,
of five per cent, which is nearly all draw.n bttcfc^vhcu
'the goods are exported to the United States. Thfcre
are a few articles, however, whicii are ah e:;cq»<i<:u
32^ percent, ad valorem, jto this rule : rum, if imported ihto the colony, i>> -
;ing, to the amount of two-thirds of its value, b rj^'ut
32A do. with the produce of the colony, pays 20 per cent;.
• and lias a drawback of 18. lium, otherwise bought
: pays 25 per cent, and has a drawback of 2^ per ce.it,
32} do. (Sugar, if purchased as the first mentioned rum,
j pays 70 per cent, and has a drawback of 59 per cent.
Ss. per gallon. ! All other sugar pays 120 per cent, and lias a draw-
All other articles of the growth, produce, or (back of 109 per cent. Coffee, if purchased also to
manufacture of the United States, shall pay u duty jthc amount of two-thirds of its value, with the
of 10 per centum ad valorem, over and above such (produce of the colony, pays 2 cents per pound, and
duties ao are chargeable by law."*
No. "2.
.lnff,rma!i'in relative to the duties laid on articles im-
ported from the United States into the Jft-itis/t pro-
vinces uf J*'o~ja Scotia and *\'e\'j-linins?i'ick.
Iiorse«, neat cattle, sheep, hogs, poul-
i.'V, hoards, heading', hoops, planks,
scantling, shingles, and squared tim-
ber, are admitted free.
Barley, beans, biscuit, bread, flour, oats,
pens, potatoes, rice, red oak .staves
i.r-.l wheat,
has a drawback of 2 cents. Other coffee pays 4
cents, and has a drawback of 3 cents 6 2-3 mills.
Molasses pays 2 cents per gallon, and has a draw-
back of 8 1-3 mills. Wines pay 40 cents per gal-
lon, and have a drawback of 34 cents. Gin pays
34 cents per gallon, and has a drawback oi'2() cen't^,.
Brandy, the same duty and drawback. There is
besides, what is called a king's duty on wine from
the islands, of 15 dollars per pipe, and from Ciivat
Britain ami ports in the Mediterranean, not l-Ycneh,
of 244 cents per pipe. In the year 1815, the go-
. — No American vessel is now admitted into
Nova-Scotia or Ne\v-}»runswick. The governors of
lOpr. ct. ad val.ivermnent of Nova-Scotia laid a duty of a dollar
per ton on plaster of Paris landed to the northward
owered to
and westward of Cape Cod. Recently, a duty ot
4 dollars per ton hns been imposed, bv The govern-
ment of New-Brunswick on piaster of Paris landed.
New-Brunswick
permit the introduction into those colonies, by pro-
clamation, of certain articles. Such proclamations Jin the United States north of Cape Cod.
have been always issued every three months: the] Xrn j_
Jast was issued on the 6th of February, 1816, and
and Nova-Scotia are emp
Information relative !o duties laid oil {root!*, Tra/v.v,
Authorizes British subjects to import into Nova-
Scotia and New-Brunswick, from the United States,
in British built ships or vessels, owned and navigated
agreeably to the laws of Great Britain, for the space!. NOT*-— Where, m this table, an article of import.
i>£ three months from the date, the articles men-!'3 !«t!ltet^s "aot admitted," it is an inference drawn
tioned in the preceding table. ift'om the absence of that article in the list of a;-u-
icies admitted.
into the British ff'cst India
Islands t or amj nf them, from the United Suites,
j'nfurntnlion relative to t'ie duties on articles <?.r/w. •';•</•
to the United State* from the liritish provinces nf\
Jamaica.
. per 100 llis.
Cuuadaf Nova-Scotia. New-Brunswick.
Codfish, no c-jL-fj. dtitif. no e,z/j. dntv. 100 cts. per 100 Ibs.
yielded fish,
Salmon,
Mackerel,
S)ried and smoked herring,
Tongues and sounds,
Plaster P<ms, <g
J\°>jte. The preceding are the piiucipal articles,
which aretiie growth, produce', or manufacture, of ' 10 per ct. ;
Nova-Scotia and New-iininswicic, and which arej
tfXi orted from those colonies to the United States, i
do.
do.
do.
do.
100
els. per 100 Ibs.
do.
do.
do.
do.
200
cts. per bbl.
do.
do.
Ho
00 rj. ion.
.1' . •
S4 00]). ton.
75 c
ts.per 1000.
Semis,
12 A cts. per bushel.
JJiscttit,
not admitted.
50 cts. per cv.i
our, -wheat,
100 etc. per bbl,
fj.i, nf -MOI!,
iiiu;. H.; 1-3 cts. per 1000.
*-It is understood that this tariii' of duties was to
continue until April, 1816. It is now stated that the
ubove order in council is no longer in force; and that
"die produce and manufactures of foreign countries
iu-e not admitted into Canada from the United
States; and that all manufactures or.produce of tiie
United States which are admitted, except provi-
sions, pay a duty of ihirty-three and one-third per
centum.
t The imports into the Unite.! States from Cana-
da are not very great now, it being cheaper to jm
port directly f roia Gr^t Brituiii.
:'.v, neat cattle, amleMier
d. val. 10 j>er ct. on the value? n!.
tl^pbee-ofimpvrianli • •
Indian ror,.<,
1 25 cts. per bushel. 12| cts. per bushel.
Lumbar, /-•/,,•.",
300 cts. per 1000ft.
450 cts. per 1000 ft.
450 cts. per 1000 ft.
Mt- id, of ,-tjfy /;,
100 cts. per Vol.
25 cts. per bushel.
: 450ct.3,pcr 10 30 ft.
15u cts. per 1000 fi.
225 cis. per 1000 fr.
is and xj.nn-N,
not ;,dmiUfd.
as, /'tv/.v.v, o;- /////..>/.;: cor,
not admitted.
**«*,
12 .v cts. per [>«
180 NILE3' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 11, 1816.
100 cts. per 100 Ibs
not admitted.
Itice,
38 cts. per 100 Ibs. neat.
12 cts per bushel.
Shingles, not more, than 12 inch,
100 cts. per 1000. "Boston chips" 50 cts per
1000.
'Shingles, more than 12 inch,
200" cts. pc£ 1'JJO 100 cts. per 1000.
Stave n, rt-d oak,
? )0 c s. pp 1200- 01 )U cts. per 1000 pieces.
Staves, -white oak;
225 ct-j. per 1200, head- 225 cts. per 1000 pieces,
ing same u$ v. o. staves.
Timber,
450 cts. per 1000 ft. not admitted.
,~\'otr. — The trade of Jamaica, to and from the
United States, according to recent British regula-
tions is to be carried on in British vessels only, and
the articles admitted into that island must he the
property of BHuish subjects; the importation of the
products of the United States from other colonies
in the West Indies is not allowed. Everv desrrip
lion of fish is prohibited admission into the island
of Jamaica. Rum, molasses, and pimento alone,
can be exported therefrom, paying a duty of 10
per cent, ad valorem.
At present vessels of the United States arc not
aliovred to import into the island of Tobago any
kind of merchandise whatever, nor to go there in
ballast and bring away cargoes of any sort.
Lumber and provisions have been recently per-
mitted to be imported into Antigua, from the Unit-
ed States, in British vessels.
Generally speaking, since the peace, vessels of
nited States have been prohibited an entry at
all the British West-India islands. Into Bermuda,
as one of
ites may
.
v.'hich, strictly speaking, is not regarded as
*he "West Indies, vessels of the United Slat
flour, rice, corn, and lumber, upon paying
of fiv<? and a half per cent. Rum, sugar, mo-
Lasses, and salt, may be exported on paying a duty
of five per cent. Port charges, about 20 dollar-;. —
No tonnage or light money. But Bermuda is ;•
Fv:re place of entrepot, at which the United State,
•i;i.ve little or no trr.de.
Prom the Bahamas, American vessels wore, In
/reclamation of the governor, on the 1 5th of Apri
''ast, excluded, unless they resorted to the ports o
Uiose islands in ballast, for the purpose of loading-
Information relative to duties laid on goods, wares, and
merchandise imported into the British West India
Islands, or uny of them, from the United States^
through colonies in America, owned by other foreign
European powers, &c.
The inforrnn.ion received in relation to this point
eads to the geiieral impression, that the importa-
ion of the products of the United States into the
Jriiish West-Indies, from other foreign colonies in
hat quarter, is not, at this time, allowed. As far
.s it regards the island of Jam.iica, it has been dis-
inctly stated, from an authentic source, that the
governor's proclamation, permitting the importation
of the productions of the United States from, the
Spanish, or oilier neutral colonies, having expired
>n the 30i.h of November last, the importation is
3roljibite.il in any other than a direct manner, and
.hat, as will be seen in able Xo. 3, must be "in a
British vessel only. When the products of the
L'nitcd States were admitted, from the other Eu-
•opean colonies in America, into Jamaica, the du-
ies were the same as ii? they had been imported
lirect from the United States/
As to duties laid in the British West-India islands
>n goods, wares, and merchandise, other than those,
)f the United States, when imported from colo-
nies in America owned by other foreign European
oowers, the department of state is not furnished
with any information,
No. 6.
Information as to the duties on imports and exports to
•which ves-idf; of the United States are subject in the
ports of the British East Indies.
IMPOTITS. UUTIKS.
The articles usually imported
into Calcutta and Bombay
from the United States, are
brandy and Holland gin.
which pay
Xavul stores, spars, and wines,
25 cents per gallon.
which pay 20 pr. ct. ad valorem.
NOTE. The preceding particulars have been com-
municated from one source; from another, a general
remark has been made, that all articles from the
United Suites imported into Bengal, are subject to
20 per centum duty, except naval stores, which
p:«y 10 per centum. This dmy is paid on a valua-
tion of the articles as they are landed from the ves-
sels. The dutv on tonnage is not precisely known.
• i • i_ *• j i , i * i-
viih salt: in that c-ise they are required to pay ;x|Ononc band it is represented to be not exceeding
's tonnage of two shillings and six pence ster-
ling per ton, and a colonial tonnage of twenty cents.
~">cr ton: also, an export duty of a half penny ster-
ling" on each bushel of salt. At this time no kind
of salted provisions is permitted to an entry in the
Bahamas from the United States. Flour and corn
one per c.cntum on the value of the vessel; on the
other, it is said American vessels pay more than
double the duties that the English do,' both on im-
ports and exports, and doubie pilotage; and that
the British ships in the East India colonies have
n advantage over those of the United States of at
pay no duiy. Rice, bread, peas, and lumber, pay jle~st tcn per centum on imports and exports. On
a duty of five per cent, if from the United State.*.— t!ie 15ln <>*' last September, it is said, new regula-
tions with regard to duties on imports and exports
There is no export dutv on articles exported in Bri
tish vessel.:), excepting Br.i/i!ietto, which pays one
dollar and twenty-five cents per ton.
As to the Newfoundland trade, it may be proper
were published in Calcutta, which places British
vessels on a still more favorable footing than they
were before, compared with foreign vessels. The
mention, that it is understood to be restricted 'Port charges are alleged to be very expensive at
to the colonies and the mother country by act of Calcutta, amounting to about I wo and a half per
parliament; but that licences are granted" by the
king's council in Great Britain, permitting- certain
persons i;i certain British vessels, to be named in
centum on the articles exported from thence to the
United States, exclusive of brokerage and com-
baff
•o import into the colony, direct frorrilper centum
Sta'es, bread, flour, com, rice, and live ; ^a'/"
winch amount to about two and a
more. Of the
arts.
t'he 1'f
the United ___7 7 7 } }
stoci;. Fisii of all kinds, oil, and "the produce Yf'i Assafonida, coffee, cotton and
Great Brioiin, can be exported from Newfoundland,! silk goods, drugs and medi-
Ji:U> the Uniied States, in British vessels or.lv. I cincs, ginger, the gums Ara-
\
WEEKLY REGISTER— FOREIGN ARTICLES.
J8I
bic, Senagal, and copal, sal-
ammoniac, sugar, and turner-
rick, pay 7% per ct. ad. val.
Indigo pays, per cwt. 378^ cents.
English ships, it is stated, receive a drawback on
isilk goods and indigo, of five per cent.
By a recent arrival from India, information has
been received that all goods there imported, under
th£ American flag, pay a duty of 20 per cent, on
the invoice, naval stores exempted, winch pay 10;
under the British flag, 2^. All silk goods, and
cotton piece goods, made in the territories entirely
subject to the India company, pay 7^ percent, on
a valuation made by the collector at the port of ex-
portation; the Brinish flag nothing, and is, perhaps.
allowed some drawback. ' On cotton goods made in
districts not entirely subject to British power, the
American flag is allowed a drawback of 2^ per cent.
But it is represented that there is so much difficul-
ty .attend ing the passing the goods when the draw-
back is claimed, that it is often relinquished. The
British flag receives a drawback of 7i per cent. —
Dollars are now taxed at the mint 2^ per cent, and
will not probably sell for more hereafter than 2A
per cent, profit.
With respect to imports into the cape of Good-
Hope, and tiie isles of France and Bourbon, trom
the Unii-.ed States, it is understood that naval stores,
provisions, brandy, wines, fish, flour, gin, and spe-
cie, pay a duty of 6 per cent, ad valorem. The
exports from "those places to the United States
are cotton, cloves, salt-petre, coffee, sugar, pepper
spices, and hides, which are subject to a duty wf
Ij per cent, ad valorem.
From Batavia, Manilla, and Sumatra, the artl
flies of export are sugar, coffee, camphor, spices
cotton, indigo, and pepper, the duties on whic;
are varied at the pleasure of the governor, accord
ing to the demands for the current expenses of th<
different colonies. No tariff has been received.—
Nothing but specie is exported from the Unitec
States to those places.
•••••
Foreign Articles.
Two great Russian houses have failed at St. Pe
tersburg — one of them for 5,000,000 rubles. Man
of the country banks of England have failed, an
some bankers in London — the amounts are enor
mous. The differences between Austria and Bava
ria are not yet settled, though it is said thelatte
is disbanding her army. The report of a great bar
ter of slaves between Russia and Prussia, as notice
in our last, is contradicted. Savoy is organizini
according to the same system as before the revo
lution. The depression of the laboring classes i
Scotland, of the weavers especially, is very severe
On an average, they cannot earn more than */u- zhi
ttngs a week.
There died at Naples in the course of 1815, twelv
centenaries, from the age of 101 to that of Iu7.
A journal announces, that according to new di
sections to the centinels, no persons, excepting
members of the king's household, can cross th
court of the Thuilleries after 5 o'clock in the even
ing.
Such is the scarcity of work that hands are em
ployed ou the Pivmouth Dock linei at 9s. a week
and great numbers cannot get engaged even at thi
miserable pittance.
The war's devastation. As a pro:>f of the morta
effects of the late war, it is stated, that from th
year 1797 to the battle of Waterloo, the 42d reg-
ment (Scotch highlanders) had been tilled up ft-oi
me to time with 13,427 men. — There are now only
iree men in the rcghnent who fought iu Egypt.
The theatre of St. Charles, at Naples, late thu
irgest and most beautiful in Europe, has been re-
uced to ashes. The account of the conflagration
tys "the king- and prince Leopold displayed the
le greatest coolnesx and intrepidity; remaining close*
) the flames, and did not depart until the danger
'as over." Astonishing! what it is to be a k'inj;
nd a prince! Why Jhave^had my hair curled by
tie flames, and never leave a fire until the danger.
> over; and yet, I dare say, the people of Naples
avenot heard of me, or mi; exploits, in this way!
Bonaparte. Speaking of the imprisonment of Bo-
aparte, lord Castlereagh observed in the house of
ommorrs, on introducing a bill for his detention,
hat "doubts had been entertained whether it was
ompetent to the crown to detain a prisoner after
he war, and though he did not partake of those
.oubts himself, he proposed the bill with a view to
emove them.
Some of the Barbary powers have latterly been
depredating even on the subjects of the "mistress
>f the sea." But Tripoli had made restitution, and
t was supposed that Tunis would also do it by ne~
rociation.
The second wife of a butcher of the name of Law,
f Portglenne, in Ireland, was lately delivered of a
daughter. The veteran of the cleaver is now in the
98th year of his age; his son, by his former marriage,
las just attained his 76th year; and his infant daugh'
ter is great-aunt to nearly 70 men, women and chil,
dren.
The British papers are filled with cases of criv:.
con. elopements, and the like. Why do they thus
trumpet their own shame? There is more of this bu*
ffiness done, or at least spoken of, in England onlv
than in all the rest of the world. Some of the easel
noted are peculiarly bestial.
Arrests and imprisonments are still numerous ia
France, and the most arbitrary and unjust measures
are resorted to under pretence of preserving- the
public tranquilhy. Still a disturbance every now
and then takes place. The people are oppressed
and discontented, and will shew it.
It seems that the British merchants are pressing-
their claims on the Danish government fbr property
wrongfully condemned. The British government
have prohibited the exportation of gunpowder, salt,
petre, arms and ammunition to Spanish America.—
The Portuguese government are said to giVe a.
bounty to the young unmarried men of their country
to emigrate to the Brazils.
Gen. Debde, charged with having assumed the
command of a district without authority, on the
return of Napoleon to France, and of raising troops
and matching them against the forces of the king-,
lias been found guilty at Paris, and sentenced to
death. ^ Gen. Tmwtfand col. Eoyer, also sentenced
to deal!), had had their punishment changed to im-
prisonment for 20 years. Late accounts say that De-
bele has been pardoned.
Sovereignty of France. The duke of Wellington
(says a London paper) has written by permission of
Louis XVIII, ou the state of public affairs in Prance.
He lolls the king "Europe abides in peace by my
word, and on my responsibility ; yet but one word
would be requisite to rouse it from its inaction.
The word will be uttered if more stability and
prudence are not introduced into the government.
The tranquility «f t/iiy country depend* entirely c?i th?
fjre-si-nce of the allied troop i- ; their removal icoitld i,^
the signal of a new aiid inevitable conrti'sivn. T!; -
ultra-rpyojh-t majority of the chamber, foment. cJu*
KILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 11, 1815.
seMiin'.v. and distrust. Your majesty may rest as-j Mr. Uomxsox said, that it <.vas
s'trcd that the greatest evil has'its source in your (equitable to cement good understaiu
own jKUaco." Since the receipt of this letter the rica. The C. States had a previou
. receipt
language of ministers towards tlio clumber of de-
pu;j-'s ii.-ts assumed a firmer tone.
What a. picture !_ I Io\v clearly does it sliow that
'
Mr. UOHI.VSOX said, that it rvris advisable ana
ing with Amr-
previous law, enacting
y^ conn try that would adot a svstem o
equalization towards her, shonld
>pt :
be
met on the
same principle. It Was of tlii-, in the present i<
stance, that we had availed ourselves.
Lfnis is not the desired of the people of France. His stance, tnat we had availed ourselves.
to the throne, as founded upon the affections! Mr. HOSE said, that though the former treaty had
of his subjects, does not appear half so well estab-jthe semblance of fairness, yet it threw the whole
tishcd as that of an East India prince, the British! navigation into American ships; highly manufactured
intciuh'd to be farced upon them, which, it -,*«.<?! which was limited to one or iwo \ ears, t.'pon the
xttppose.d would produce a general war in India. whole he thought the advantage was on our sicie.
Several persons of distinction, early in March, Mr. FOHHKS asked whether the Americans would
AV ere arrested in Madrid by the liiquisition ; one of (have the power of interfering with our East-lndin
them, an Englishman, on whom an enormous sum [trade?
in gold Avas "found, without discovering what use Mr. ROHIXSOA replied, that if the hon genUemrox.
he. intended to make of it. All the booksellers have would read the convention, he Would' see tl;:,:
been required to give a list of all the Avorks in their though the Americans were not prevented from
magazines to this tribunal, which solicits the pro- going to the East-Indies by a circuitous route, yet
hib'ition of every description of books from foreign they were prevented from returning in that manner,
countries. A kill conformable to the resolutions was then
Glasgow. A London paper says— To a list of 14
Uouses which have been under the necessity of stop-
ping payment at Glasgow and the neighborhood in
ordered to be brought
In London, Mrs. MELISSA. FKKKMAX, of -Diner,
Ducks, Avas delivered of four children, and a t'«Av
the course of the week, the post of r Wednesday j days after, she was buried in the same grave with
added 12 more. i the whole of her offspring. The childr-rti were of
'Very violent shocks of an earthquake were felt in considerable size, insomuch that the mother was
1 under the necessity of keeping her bed for sever;,!
weeks previous to her delivery. Melissa Freeman
was a widow, and hud had two husbands, by neither
of whom had she any child. The father' of these
children is a married man, who likewise has no chiK'
by his wife.
VOTAOE OF 1HSCOVEUT.
The Congo, accompanied by the Dorothv trans
port, are now at the Nore ready to .sail the first. {Un-
wind, on a voyage of discoven ", up the river Zai \
Kngland, on the 17vh March. The earth seemed
to undulate like Avater. The undulations were dis-
tinctly felt and seen for several seconds, to the
great terror of the people.
i;-j ••'.uixn-if. A letter from St. Helena, published
in one of the London papers, speaking of Honapartc,
snys — "He wanted -cigh l able seamen, and one of
the ship's boats to amuse himself round the isl-
;md, but this was immediately refused. Centincls
-itre placed at different stations ; and one night in
;t .studious inowd, lie overreached the boundary as-
signed him. In this situation, the centinel on duty
stopped him. Surprized to be somewhat roughly
addressed, he
Surp
asked
the man if he knew who it was
into the heart of Southern Africa. The Congo
about 90 tons, schooner rigged, and draws ;.bou'.
five" feet water, she is fitted up entirely for \h^
accommodation of officers and men, and for the-
lie detained, and was answered by the centinel in reception of the objects of natural hisVory, whicii
the, affirmative. Bonaparte, regardless of the can- i m*y be collected in her process up the river. T.hc
:ion of the centinel, advanced' further beyond his' gentlemen engaged in this ial^rcsting expedition, h;
limits, w'nen the latter discharged his musket at him
>)iit missed him. Of this conduct of the soldier,
Bonaparte complained to the governor; and the
man was asked if he meant to shoot general llona-
the scientific department, ai-c.
Mr. Professor Smith, of Christ iann», Botanist ttn 1
geologist; Mr. Tudor, fJomparative Anatomist; Mr.
C ranch, collector of objects of natural history, an.1!
1>arte, when he replied that he did : he \\~as hoi;ora- :i gardener to collect plants and seeds fjr Jsi's nt;»-
M acquitted." !j«'sty's gardens at Kcw: besides .Mr. Gahvuy, a g..-n
^ 23. " per cent. ; ileman volur.tccr. 'i'here are also two fine blackfl,
natives of t::e l:ingdom of Congo, one of \\Jiom \Vtt^
born aboul«00 miles up the Zair.
TJie oliiccrs arc c.iptain Tucker, r
expedition; lietenant J-lawkey, .Mr. A-'it;:-)naurici\
master and Survr; or. "Mr. M'Ki'rrow Assistant .sur-
jBritifih st&cks. — Tendon, .
consols 61 1-4 1-8.
. WHITK SLVVI.S. The king of England has pur-
chased wf the government of I li'.novc-i1, 25,000 while
ir.cn for soldiers, at 111. 2s. sterling per head. "JJotf
c'.wfj /"
The
East India company are fitting out
geon; tvf-() m.is'.'T's mates, and a purser.
splendid embassy to China, the expence of which! 1" addition to the Congo, tho transport titk
is (.stinu-ttcd at 150,000 pounds sleniiv. two double whale- boats, so' ;,,-r, as to b«
A->I:-UICA,V i\T»Mtr»iTusK. jable to c.trry 18 or '?() TSK-II t-ar.h and aecommoda'te
Jhmc of commons, March 15. IL was moved thatjtuem imder an awniu;-;wii.li three months ]t\r>\ ,
uhill be brouglit in respecting the intercourse with'lncsc ^oat3 :'-r- inrende,! to he drawn up to the up-
tl;e United States, agreeably to the resolutions lately
adopted.
Sir .1. NEWPORT would not object to the convention,
that was so much insisted on particularly as fai
a* reg.v.l':.! the protection of British
t/vtacf
per part of any rapids or cataracts, thai, ma}' occur
to obstruct the passage of the Congo. Wu'h Uieft?
means there is vc-iy little reass>n to douh! that l!,i-.
"but thought there was a complete abandonment of source^ of this cxtraordir.ary river \\i\\ not mncii
longer remain a secret.
PLYMOUTH I{KI:,V::\VA ; .Uoiuu \vor.',
JBreakwateiTr I'l-
WEEKLY REGISTER.— .CIIRONIOLB.
tin the prince regent's birth day
, in the
present year, making three years since the first stone
was laid, 615,057 tons of marble had been deposit-
ed in blocks from a ton to nine tons. The Break-
water stretches across the Shovel Rocks; the length
of the whole when finished, will be. 1700 yards; its
base 100 yards, and ten yards in breadth at the top,,
or finished parts. The average depth is 35 feet at
low water spring tides; slopes very much to sea-
ward and but little within, and is opposed t« an
immense sea, which extends ,'from the Azores
islands to the Channel. It will cover a secure
anchorage in the Sound for about 30 sail of the line.
LOXDU.Y, March 8.— A dreadful snow storm has
recently done immense injury in Hungary. The in-
habitants of adjoining houses could not get at each
other for four days together. In the county of ./?«?-
regk, 20,000 sh-eep \vere lost; and a farmer in that
country, wlio.se loss was, porhups, not the greatest,
had 1200 fat oxen frozen to death.
The last Irish papers are filled with accounts of
tumults and outrages in that country, which but too
fully justify- the military force asked by ministers
to ensure 'its tranquiiity. Three baronies in the
county Louth have been proclaimed — Upper and
Lower Dundalk, Ardee and Louth; and we lament
to add, that several other districts in Wexford and
elsewhere are ripe for similar severe
measures. —
t-ly after the treaty of per.cc was s:;:
re-captured, sent into England, and restored to tic.
original captors.
The Washington 74, com. Chaunccy. is or\:creu.
round to Annapolis, to corrv out Mr. Pinknev tr
pies. Her appearance at the capital of that king-
dom, will, doubtless, give great weight to t!i
monstrances of our able aaid accomplished mini.-
ter.
The Macedonian frigate, capl. Warrington, wid
Mr. Hughes on board, has sailed for (Jarthagt-iu^ to
have a hearing with Don Ferdinand's folks there.
New-York election. The city of Xe \v-York, las';
year represented in assembly by federal members,
gives an average majority of 1113 to the republi-
can ticket — amajorhy of the corporation officers are.
also republican — last year federal. There is even'
reason to believe that there has been, generally, a
great change in favor of the republicans through-
out the state, and that gov. Twnpkinsis re-elected
by an increased majority. Returns hereafter.
By the returns which have readied us there is ar.et
republican gain of 1726 votes for governor — all of
the republican senators arc elected, and there will
be a large majority in the assembly.
Exports ar.d imports. .It is probab c that as much
value of goods have been received in tiie single port
JM/C st from France — {taper. * to JWarcJi 31.
The king is unwell; the court was about to re-
move to FontainblctiU. The excavations of Pom-
peii
md Ilerculaneum are to be continued. A house
is prepared for the duke of Wellington at Cumbray
Blucher is said to be in a state of mental derange-
ment. The pope has made 22 new cardinal-:, on
which occasion the city of Rome was illuminated, at Athens in perll-ct health.
The diplomatic smalt-boxes presented to se\eral
ambassadors at London, cost 15,3107. 1U-. The
prince regent is recovering very slowly. The
charge of keeping Honaparte is 300,000/. jt'er airmtm.
The fo!lo\vm
Parif; paper —
singular article appears in a late
of .M-vr-
, as the whole- exports of the United
States have amounted to, since the pe:ice. The ba-
lance against us may lie estimated at more than one-
hundred millions of dollars.
Difd, oil the 3d inst. at the. village of Athens, in
the state of Xe\v York, after a very short illness.
the lion. S. 01 UK i. DKXT-.K, e.scj. the democrat ic can-
didate for governor, at the kite election in Massa-
chusetts. "it is understood that Mr. Dex • :• arrived
Died, on the I9ih tilt, in Tulbot county, Maryland,
a negro slave named Deborah, of the- extraordina-
ry age of 120 years. There were five negroes in
the family of lu:r master (including herself) whose
united ages amounted to 4'_f) ve:.r.s.
Uleum uuat.-i rind steam frigates excite great at-
*'l he Baltimore report of the Spanish minister don tentJon in England and France. They honor us bv
nis leaving Wusliington in a r;tge, and a war be- imitating our improve
Onis leaving Wusliington in a r;tge, and a war be- imitating our improvements. A London paper :u{-
tween Spain and the United Slates supposed certain,] vcrtises a steam boat for sale called the fattfle, "fit-
the American .steam
is f.dse, as we now learn by ISoston papers. \V ei te:d on a principle simila
Considered from the first moment we learnt of a war i tVigates."
between Spain rind America, that such a dcclara- Another stean>f?oat has been hi
tion on the part of either, was ins-tilting to the rest
at Savjin-
nah, intended ui a ferry-boat between that cit\- :nul
of Europe — we could not conceive how they would S. Carolina. The steam-boat T'ntcrpvi/e arrived at
dare to break the peace of the world, and fancy | AugUBta, on the Savannah river (340 miles bv wa*
themselves so secure — so independent — that nojter from Savannah) the latter end of last month
other powers were to be consulted upon it." ! making the voyage without difiieuiiv or accident.
The late account of the fate of Prttrvuse is pro-i The "Aurora'" of the iS'u; ir.st. savs, that "the
nonnccdto !>•:-. a fabrication — and we believe it is so.' Turkish minister at a i'jrcig;; court hns Ir.timnteA
L-" -•I'.-L- •?'• | to one oft!!;.- ambassadors ojftUc United States, that
the. grand seignor is dcsiroMs of receiving an uvn-
Ibassuilor iVom America, at Constantinople'."
I-U'ccllcnt. _ The legislature of Ncv,' York passed
iiTi act at their last sesgion to increase the salary (if
the governor. Governor r«wfr/,v;:3h:i6 declared that
CHRONICLE.
The United States' brig Boxr.n, recently arrived
at XewOriean.Sjin the begiiining of April, fe'il in witli
and captured the schr. CO^IKT, commanded by the
famous Pirate, MITCIIKLT,, (one of the crew of the he wouid not acce])t the additional salary luteiv
' '
dollars.
without compcns
dii;'i:ig t!ie iatc war, th.erc being no money
A Cartha.?cnian privateer has arrived at JVewiem, j appropriated bv law for that, purpose
X. C. with about 60,0'JO dollars in specie. Emigratiwi. " Almost every vcssf
that arrives
MLES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, MAY 11, 1816.
Spanish outrages. We have many details of the! of Indians : the trib.c to which they belonged had
barbarities and outrages of the Spanish authorities | not been ascertained. Will government let. such au
in South America, on the persons and property of(actof atrocity pass with impunity?
our people. Never were there proceedings less law- Neto. York, Jlyr'd 26. A monument is now erect-
Kil or more base and detestable. It appears that; ing in Trinity Church, to the memory of the much
a-everal of our citizens are yet in confinement, if! lamented LAWIIEXCK. It represents 'a broken co-
they have not died of hard usage. They are heldjlumn of white marble of \he Doric order, the cap of
as prisoners without a shadow of justice, most of which is broken off and rests on the base. On the
them having voluntarily entered the port of Cartha- plinth in front is the following inscription:
c-na, knowing it to be in the hands of the royalists,
{'or the purposes of trade. We hope for a good ac-
count of these things on the return of the Mace-
donian frigate. It is certain they will much add to
she labor of adjusting our heretofore accumulated
demands for redress upon Spain.
Syrian, the Indbn chief, celebrated for his mur-
ders on our frontiers during the late war, has the
brevet commission of major from the British go-
vernment.
Nathan Hyde, an American seaman, impressed in-
to the British service ten years ago, made his escape
Last February, and arrived in Baltimore about ten
Jays since, lie gives the names of several impress-
ed Americans yet remaining on board the Northum-
berland 74.
Indian claim extinguinhed. The governor of South
Carolina, in pursuance of a resolution of the legis-
lature, and according1 to an arrangement made be-
iwcen the United States and the Cherokee Indians,
lias purchased of the latter, for 5,000 dollars, all
the lands they owned in South Carolina, say from 4
LO 500,000 acres — some of it said to be excellent.
Swindlers. On Saturday fortnight, were appre-
hended at Harrisburg, Pa. four men, having in their
possession, notes to the amount of three hundred
vliousand 4ollars, purporting to be notes of the Mi-.
;uni Exporting Company of Cincinnati, signed l)a-j
niel 8ha.r'p, president. It being ascertained that)
•there was no such bank, they were committed by
John Kain, esq. to goal, on a charge of swindling.
Sugar. Mr. Robertson, member of congress from
Louisiana, has stated, in ai speech, on the necessity
of laying a high duty on imported sugar, " that that
dtate, from itt> happy climate and fertile soil, is com-
petent to furnish the United States with all the su-
gar thev may require; and that the capital
manufacture amounts to nc.irlv 20 milli
ions
In Memory of
Captain JAMES LAWRENCE,
of the United States Navy,
Who fell
on the first day of June, 1813, in the 23d year
of his age,
In the action between the frigates Chesapeake
and Shannon.
He distinguished himself on various occasions; but
particularly, when he commanded the
sloop of war Hornet,
By capturing and sinking
His Britannic imje-,ty's sloop of war Peacock,
af.cr a de.spc nite action of 14 minutes.
His i'.-..verv in action, i
Was only eqi; )'e,l by Ids modesty in triumph,
And ! h magnanimity to the
vanquished.
In private life,
He was a gentleman of the most generous
ami endearing qualities,
And so acknowledged was his public worth, that
The whole nation mourned his loss;
And the enemy contended with his countryrm t>
Who most should honor his remains.
[ON THE KEVEUSE.]
The Hero,
Whose remains are here deposited,
With his expiring breath,
Expressed his devotion to his Countrv
Neither the fury of battle;
The anguish of a mortal wound;
Nor the horrors of approaching death,
Could subdue his gallant spirit.
His dying words were,
"DON'T GIVE UP THE SHIP."
From the Cincinnati Gazette of Jpril 15. <
to anchor before this place on last Saturday even-
ed m
of dc
facturi
vhich more cujiit«l b e;-;i!;^rked, in relation to thejcar^o, pork, Hour and lard. The Maria is 50 tons
tte, tii aii I,i any oilier m any .stave of ihe union, in burthen, has 51 feet straight rabbit, 18 feet beam,
She WHS built, rigged, and
lout's, one- third of the agricultural and manu- ing1, the schooner Maria, capt. LoveU, of and from
.wring- wealth of the notion; — a manufacture in j MARIETTA, Oiiio, bound to Uoston, Mass, full
.;. ird to ils wealth and resources.
"• .TV/ v in, the mountains." There have
been very
extensive iires in the mountains near E..SIOIV, Penn.
— also iii the mountains of Catskill, N. Y. — And in
vhc Y.-oods in Long Island, and near Emmitsburg,
.~VT(i. The flames have nude made greui ravages. —
"Whole forests are laid in ashes. The spring has
been exceedingly backw^d, and the reason for
£onie time pust uncommonly dry.
\Ve also notice a destructive fire occasioned by
burning brushwood, spread over several farms un..i|
through the woods, near Pj-ovider.ee, on the Isi inst.
'
ana draws 6 feet water.
loaded at Marietia, and is owned by Messrs. JWosea
M'Furland and Edmund B. Dana — the latter
gen-
— consumng u great
It is u curious f.-.ct, &avs UK- Ji'iode-lsiand Aim •
ci'pucd iire\vt/o(i.&.c.
.iii, that .several hundred rabbits, those shy an
iiiU'iniess tenants of the woods, ran from ijicir peril
'jus situation, o.s tlie iirc up'.>ru.;ched them; bu
encountering' 'he face <>/'///<..'/., . :iev reireatc-d (sue:
& the blindness <>!' illStiiict) and perished in tjii
riauies.
O. »jri! 1G. l! a pvuliem.,!! dii'f.r.
tlernan on board. The Maria sailed hence y ester -
terda\ at 11 o'clock. The present state of water
is favorable to her descent of the river. May pros-
perous gales waft her to her port of destination.
As a Commercial and Exporting Company is now
formed at Marietta, this spirited enterprise we hope
I- bul the harbinger of others of greater magnitude.
Tin: JLSUITS — A German G:i/ette has the fol-
lowing article: — "We are informed time the Jesuits
onigra e fiom Hoir.e by dozens and hundreds, to
: evi.'r,il coheres which are opened for
;n hi;>..in, in Naples, in Sicily and Parma, &.c.
;ef for tiic first of these kingdoms. As
ii.e oilier has been suppressed about fifty years,
n.uriciv, iii 1.7 ^J in the kingdom of Portugal, in
.1:1, and in me yew 1768 in the estates
ol Xup its and Parma, the members of the order
n.ust ;^ive been very long nvcd, or they m'usthave
vjr.cer.y.es, we icuiTi uiat sevca soldiers oi-iongint; .cc.'ulted iu secret, ;o be able to produce so great
\q fort Uiuyi'iou liarl been reoeuUy kiljed by u party! a number as at. once appears."
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER.
No. 12 OP Vox,. X.]
BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, MAY 18, 1816.
[WUOLE ;•;. .'46.
Hac olim meminisse jitvahitt — VIIUJIL.
PRINTED AN1) PUBLISHED 1»T I!. NILES, AT THK HEAD OF CHKAP8IDE, AT §5 PKH ANVUM.
Honor to the Brave.
In our last paper we briefly noticed the proceed-
ings of our corporation and certain of our citizens
to honor the brave men who assisted so much to
defend Baltimore in Sept. 18i4. T*he addresses,
replies, &.c. which those matters gave rise to, are
inserted below. On Saturday last the committee
proceeded to Fort M'Henry, and presented the vase
to lieut. col. Armistcad, with an elegant sword to
Keut. Webster, famous for the services he rendered
us at the "six-gun battery" in the night of the 14th;
which guns, we have the testimony'of the British
engaged in th£ expedition, were fired with unpre-
ccd^nted expedition and no little effect — though
officially, they have not noticed the failure of their
enterprise. Indeed, perhaps, since the first xse of
<S*innou, heavy pieces were never discharg-ed with
such terrible 'vapidity as the six guns under lieut.
Webster, with those effort Coidngton, under the-com-
Hiand of lieut. J\*e-tocoinb, of the United States' navy;
and thsy did great execution although the night
tvas too dark to distinguish objects, judging by the
groans and confusion that immediately prevailed in
the enemy's boats, with the instant abandonment of
their object. The same committee have a sword pre-
pared for lieut. Newcomb, but have not at this time
an opportunity of presenting it to that gentleman.
"The design for the plate, adopted by the corn- j
mittee as. most appropriate, Was a Vase, of the shape
and size of the largest bomb thrown by the enemy
into Fort M'Henry during the bombardment, being
thirteen inches iii diameter, supported by four ea-
gles with \Vings expanded; on one part of the Vase
is represented a perspective view of the bombard-
ment; the fort, with the enemy's ships and bomb
vessels arranged in front of it;" the "star-spangled
banner" flying, and the course of the bombs falling,
whole or in fragments, over the fort. The edge of
this perspective view is ornamented with appropri-
ate military and naval emblems and devices.
On the opposite side is the following inscription:
"Presented by a number of citizens of Baltimore to
ii>Kut. col. George Jlrmistfad, for his gallant and suc-
cessful defence of Fort M- Henry, during the bombard-
went by a large Rritish force on the 13th and Uth cf
September, 1814, -mhe. upwards of 1500 shells i
SIR — The citizens of Baltimore having seen the
^reat preparations of the enemy to attack the city,
and being aware that Us safety depended in a con-
siderable degree, on the defence of Fort M 'Henry,
viewed with 'the greatest anxiety the bombardment.
of that place during the whole of the day and
through the succeeding night of the 14th of Sept.
1814; impressed with the most lively sentiments of
gratitude to you, and the brave garrison under
your command, they appointed us a committee, to
procure and present to you, some testimonial of
the admiration with which they viewed this gallant
and successful defence. In discharging this duty,
the committee feel the greatest satisfaction in now
presenting to you a PIECE OF PLATE, hearing an
allusion in its form and devices to the bombard-
ment, and they beg you to accept it, in the name of
the citizens of Baltimore.
We feel great pleasure in reflecting, that the
gallant defence of Fort M'Henry by your brave
garrison, v/ill long be remembered, and will here-
after have a happy influence in exciting others to
imitate their example.
The committee beg you to 'accept the assurance
of their highest personal regard and to assure you
of their best wishes for your health and happiness.
"JOHN E. HOWARD,
THOS. TENANT,
V\'M. LORMAN,
ISAAC M'KIM,
ROBT. G1LMOR, Ja.
F. LUCAS, JK.
400 of -which fell -vithin the area of the fort,
and some of them of the diameter of this Vase"
The lid of the Vase, forming a part of the globe,
i* a frustum of about one-fourth of its diameter,
and the feet of the' Vase, on which the eagles
stand supporting the globe, represent a lion's claws.
The Vase was accompanied by silver cans and ladle,
and the whole placed on a large silver stand or trav!
The two swords were mounted with gold and
finished in the most elegant manner; on that present
ed to lieiit. Webster was the following inscription:
"Presented by a number of citizens of Baltimore to
lieut. Webster, of the U. S. Chesapeake Flotilla, fur
To It. col. Geo. Jmtietead
FORT M'HEKRt, llth May, 1816.
Gentlemen — I cannot adequately express the hig?i
sense of the obligation 1 feel myself under to you,
for presenting this fluttering testimony of my ser-
vices on the 13th and 14th September, 1814, at this
post. As the offering of free born citizens, cherishing-
the pure principles of independence and civil liberty,
it is the richest boon that could be bestowed upon
a soldier emulous of fame: As such I am proud to
receive it, and glory in this opportunity of trans-
mitting to my posterity, so distinguished a mark of
a country's gratitude; giving thereby, to that coun-
try, an indisputed claim to their talents and exertion*
in support of that free and happy constitution and
laws, under which we live. 1 do not claim to my-
self an exclusive right to this rich reward: great
msrit is due to the officers and-sohUers with. Whom
it was my good fortune to be associated, in the im-
portant occasion you have sought to commemorate,
and to their united, cordial and patriotic exertions,
aided by the interposition of Divine Providence, i-i
a great measure do we o\vu the safety and prosperity
of our beloved city.
I beg you, gentlemen,. to accept for .yourselve*
and the citizens of Baltimore, the assurance of my
fus gallant defence of the sir-gun battery, during" the T(
attack on the city by a large British force, on the loth
and 14th of September, 1814."
A similar inscription is on that intended for lieut.
^ewcomb. The workmanship of the vase and sword*
is executed in a very superior style, bv Messrs.
Fletcher & Gardiner, of Philadelphia," '
VOL. X
regard and esteem.
GEO: ARMISTEAD.
. /. E. Hij-tnard, Thou. Tenant, Wm. //cr-
man, hacic JlfKim, R. Gil/nor, Jr. F. Lucas, Jr.
Sir — The citizens of Baltimore, with the most,
lively sentiments of gratitude to you and the brtvt
iiien under your command, during the attack of ib.e
British on this city, on the 13th and 14th of Septem -
her, 1814, 'appoint us a committee
JV
to present, y
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 18, 1816.
some testimony of it for your gallant and successful third division of Maryland militia, and rominandef
defence of the Six Gun Mattery. jin chief of the forces stationed at and near Balti-
The committee, in discharging this duty, have more, during the campaign of 1814; brigadier-ge-
ginccre pleasure in now present ing you with a S \vord, ineral John Shtcker, late brigadier-general of the
bearing an inscription, commemorative of the event .third brigade of Maryland militia and commanding
for which it is presented, and beg your acceptance! general at the battleVf North Point on the 12th of
of ;t in the name of the citizens of Baltimore. .September, 1814 ; and lieutenant-colonel
la common with our fellow citizens, we have Armistead, of the .United States' artillery, command-
great pleasure in remembrance of your gallant con- 1 ing officer at Fort M'Henry during thebombard-
duci, and hope it will have a happy influence on ment on the 13th September, 1814, to sit for their
others similarly situated, to follow so excellent an
example.
The committee tender you the assurance of their
hjg'hest personal i-Q'gard, and of their best wishes for
your health and happiness.
John E. I/award,
Tkonuis Tenant,
// in. JLonnun,
Imidc JW Xiw,
Hubert Gilmor, Jr.
F. Lucas, Jr.
To lieutenant Webster.
respective portraits before such artists as the mayor
and presidents abovementioned may select ; and to
cause the same when finished and framed, to be
placed in the council chamber of the first branch,
| until a suitable building is procured or erected for
[the accommodation of the corporation.
j And resolved, That the thanks of the city f Bal-
timore, be and they are hereby presented to the
officers above named, and to the officers, non-com-
I missioned officers, soldiers and seafencibles, under
j their respective commands, for the important scr-
j vices rendered by them in defence of this city,
Gentlemen— The consciousness of having discharg-;^""* t"e attack of the enemy, an. I for their inde-
ed his duty according to the ability with which he h:\s^tigable ^eal an(1 exertion during that trying pe-
been endowed by the great Parent of the universe, ;nod.
is full and ample compensation to a virtuous and
patriotic citizen, and next to this in the estimation
GENERAL SMITH S REPLY.
IVashington, April 22, 1816.
of every food man, must be the assurance of tiie ap- 1 »™— I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt
probation of his country. °f your letter of the mh inst. accompanied by a
.To the brave men whom I had the honor to com- resolution of both branches of the city council of
mand, much is due, but not more than to what at all
times under similar circumstances American sailors
will entitle, themselves.
The sword you present, as an expression of the
approbation by the citizens of Baltimore of my
conduct during1 the attack by the British on the
13th and 14th of September, 1314, I accept with
peculiar feeling's of gratification and profound ac-
knowledgment. And per -.nit me to assure you that
Baltimore requesting me to sit for my portrait, to
be placed in the cwuncil chamber of the first branch.
Permit me, through yon, to present my sincere
acknowledgments to the city council, of the high
sense entertained of the honor conferred on me By
this mark of their approbation of my conduct,
whilst commanding the forces stationed at and near
Baltimore for the defence of that important city ;
and to assure them that I shall ever feel the highest
the courteous and polite manner in which you have gratitude for the compliment they have paid to my
excuted the duties entrusted to you, has rendered humble exertions on that occasion,
still more dear to my heart the generous indulgence I It will afford me pleasure to comply with their
of tnti City, in the defence of which a kind Provi- [request as soon after my return to Baltimore as may
Uence enabled me to co-operate. I be convenient to the artist.
The assurance of rnv sincere personal regard and I have the honor to be, with high consideration,
best wishes for your "individual health, happiness, l your most obedient servant,
and prosperity, I have the pleasure to reciprocate. \ Edward Johnson, Jllsy.
With consideration, yours,
* JOHN A. WEBSTEB.
Jtf&ssrs. John E. Howard, Thos. Tenant, Wm, Lonnan
Jsaac M'Kim, Roberf Giltffor Jr. and Fielding
Lucas, Jr. — Committee.
May 11, 1816.
The following letter together with the accompany-
ing resolution of the city council, was addressed (^"^e^okmDalvrn'o'f
by the mayor to generals Smith and Strieker,! -\ fl.el ^th great sensibility this very rfini
and lieutenant-colonel Armistead respectively— Lfl and flattering testimony of approbation from the
Dear Sir— \ have the honor to transmit to you a Lity of Baltimore, and I receive it with additional sa-
resolve of the city council, passed at their late ses-i ^faction, as the resolve embraces a very just tri-
swn, in testimony of the high respect in which |bute of praise to the brave officers and soldiers of
they hold tlie meritorious services rendered by you l the briffade whom I had the honor to command
to our city m the hour of her distress and trouble; j during that trying period, and whose constancy and
and hope you will afford mean early opportunity of j zeal cannot fa(i to afford a laudable example should
carrying the same fully into effect With sentiments] our clty em. .ain bc piaced m a similar situation.
of esteem and respect, I have the honor to be, sir, -
your obedient servant,
EDWD. JOHNSON,
Mayor of the city of Baltimore.
Baltimore, 17th April, 1816.
lie solved, by both branches of the city council,
*tuat the mayor and presidents of the two branches
Le, and they are hereby authorised and directed in
tLe name of the city of Baltimore, to request major-
general Samuel Snrithi late insgor-^eue-ral of ths
S. SMITH.
Mayor of the Cit»j of Baltimore.
GEXEHAL STHIfKEH's RKPLT.
Baltimore, .April 18, 1816.
SIR — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt
of your letter of yesterday, covering a resolve of
the city council, approbatory of my services, and
those of the officers, non-com missioned officers, and
privates of the :>d brigade of Maryland militia, dur-
Your request to afford you an early opportunity
of carrying the resolve of the council into effect,
is duly appreciated, and I hold myself prepared to
give iny personal attendance whenever it shall be
required.
With sentiments of esteem and respect, I have
the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant.
JOHN STiUCKER.
Edward Johnson, Esq.
Ma*jt,r of the city of £al'Hir>ore,
BILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— LAW CASE-PATENT RIGHTS.
COLONEL AIWISTEAU'S REPJ.T.
Fort M'/Ienry, April 18, 1816.
To Edward Johnson, Esq. mayor of the city of Bal-
DKAR s-in — T had the honor this day to receive
through you a resolve of the city council, express-
ing the thanks of the city over which you preside, to
the general and other officers, soldiers and searfcn-
cibles, who participated in the perils which, in
September, 1814, threatened to overwhelm it: and
for other purposes contained therein.
Allow me, through the same channel, to repre-
sent the high sense of the obligation I feel myself
under to that honorable body, for the conspicuous
light in which it has been pleased to place my ser-
ices on that occasion.
I will at any time give every facility in my pow-
er, for carrying into effect the resolution you did
: me the honor to enclose to me.
With sentiments of respect and esteem, I have
1he honor to be, most respectfully, dear sir, your
most obedient servant,
BBO. ARMISTEAD, It. col. U. S. A.
The following letter together with the accompany-
ing resolution, was addressed by the mayor to
general Winder and commodore llodg-ers v'^spec-
tively.
DEAR SIR — I have the honor to transmit to you
a resolve of the city cor.ncil, passed at their late
session, in testimony of the high respect in which
they hold the meritorious services rendered by you
to our city in the hour of distress and trouble, and
I pray you to accept an assurance of the high con-
sideration with which I have the honor to remain,
Your obedient servant,
EDWD. JOHNSON,
Mayer of the city of Baltimore.
Resolved, That the thanks of the city of Baltimore
be and they are hereby presented to brigadier-gen-
eral Wm. H. Winder, late a brigadier-general in
the United States' army, and commanding general
of the regular troops and Virginia brigades of mili-
Tia, during the campaign of 1814; and to com. John
JRodgers of the U. S. navy, commanding officer of
the detachment of seamen stationed at Baltimore
during the said campaign, for the important servic-
es rendered by them, in the defence of this city
against the attack of the enemy, and for their imle-
fctigable zeal and exertions during that period.
GENERAL
DEAR
9th, 1816.
.
sin— r very sincerely regret that a casualty
press my conviction, that to the distinguished pa,
triotism of the citizen of that city alo/ie, was owing
the repulse of the enemy during the hue war.
I beg you, sir, to convey to the corporation of
Baltimore, the assurance that 1 feel a due sense. of
the unexpected honor now conferred on me, and
that I am, with the most respectful consideration,
sir, your very obedient servant
JOHN RODGERS.
Hon. Edwd. Johnson,
Mayor of the city of Haiti more.
Law case — Patent rights.
COMMUNICATED FOR THE REGISTER.
Circuit Court of the United
JWay term, 1814 — at Boston.
ODIORXE v.t. WINKLET.
Case — for infringement of a patent right of one
Jesse Reed for cuiting and heading nails at one ope-
ration. The plaintiff claimed as assignee of .said
Reed.
At the trial the plaint iff produced and proved the
patent of said Reed, dated February, 1807; and
assignments to himself of the whole of Reed's pa-
tent right. He also proved that the machine was a
highly usef id invention, and that the defendant used
two machines, which, in the opinion of the plain-
tiff's witnesses, cut and headed nails at one opera-
tion, substantially upon the saj.ne principles ami bv
the same mode of operation as the p\ait£tifPs mu-
chincs, though there was some difference in the
structure und operations of .some particular parts.
The plaintiff f.l so gave evidence of the value of the
use of the machines so used by the defendant dur-
ing the ti;ne stated in the declaration, and claimed
damages to the amount of the value so proved.
Tli« defendant in his! defence relied upon three
points : 1, That the machines used by him were not
substantially in principle and mode of operation
like the plaintiff 's. 2, That if they were, still that
the plaintiff ought not to recover, "because the ma-
chines so used by him were the invention of one Jar
cob Perkins, under whom he ciaimcd, who had in-
vented, used and patented the same long before the
invention and patent of the said Jesse Reed. That
Reed's patent was too broad, it including Perkins'
invention aforesaid, upon which invention Heed had
made some improvements, but could not thereby en-
0 „ title himself to a patent for more than liia improve-
prevented my acknowledgment of the receipt of n^nts. 3, That Reed had surreptitiously obtained
your letter of the 17th ttlt. enclosing a resolution of ' '~ —"—- *-*- iL
is patent for the discovery of another man, to wit,
of Jacob Perkins. The defendant iiled a specifica-
tion of special matter to be given in evidence under
the general issue.
The defendant then produced and proved a pa»
tent to Jacob Perkins, dated the 14th Feb. 1799,
And models were introduced an 1 exhibited to the
jury of Reed's machine and Perkins' machine ; and
ihe city council at the time of its receipt.
Permit me, sir, to return, through you, mv best
acknowledgements to that honorable boclv fo^ their
recognition of my services in defence of Baltimore
My gratification is much enhance! by find ins- mv
name associated with that of an officer so diatki-
guished as comsrodore-Rodgers.
Accept the assurance- of the high consideration, * number of witnesses were examined by each partv
with which I have the honor to be, your obedient lo prove the identity or diversity of the tvo
'WINDEK. chines, in all substantial respects, ia th^ir princi-
ples and modes of operation.
One of the defendant's witnesses, Allen Pollock,
having been examined, and having testified that, in,
his judgment, the principles and modes of opera-
tion of both machines were substantially the same.
Mayor of the city of Jtaltimotv.
RODSERS*
REPLY,
pril 18, 1816.
, , .
bin—I have the honor to acknowledge the re-
ipt of your letter, covering a resolution of the cor-
.ion conveying the thanks of the city of Balti-
more to br.fr gen. Winder and mvself-Ll to ex-
and having, with reference to the models
him, explained his reasons for his opinion, and di
scribed the powers, principles and adjustments (.
both machines, ttie conp^V for the ptv.nti'if j»ra •< Uifil
^ 88 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 18, 1816.
- the model of another nail machine, invented and
*ised by a third person under -whom, neither party
claimed, long- before either the machine of Heed or
of Perkins existed, and proposed to interrogate the
fitnesses as to the principles and mode of operation
of suid machine, and how far it coincided with or
• differed from Perkins' machine; in order (as the
Counsel stated) to shew by his answers, and by
other testimony, the incorrectness of the witness in
his preceding' examination, and in his knowledge of
mechanics, and enable the jury more fully to esti-
mate the testimony of the witness.
STORY, J. / am of opinion that it is an improper
enquiry and overrule it. It cannot at best amount
to no more than going into collateral enquiries not
relevant to the matter in issue ; barely to prove a
witness to be incorrect, — and I hold it a clear rule
of law that a witness cannot be asked as to a mere
collateral fact, having1 no relevancy to the issue, in
order to draw from him an answer, which mig-ht by
other evidence be shewn incorrect, and thereby to
discredit him. Besides, if the enquiry were gone
into, it would embarrass the jury by drawing their
Attention to the principles of a machine not in con-
troversy before the court, and whichever way the
question as to such a machine might be settled, it
could have no legal tendency to prove the identity
or diversity of the two machines in controversy.
After the testimony was closed on each side,
STORY J. directed the jury to the following effect:
The first question for consideration is, whether
the machines used by the defendant are substan-
tially in their principles and mode of operation like
the plaintiff's machines. If so. it was an infringe-
ment of the plaintiff's patent to use them, unless
some of the other matters offered in the defence are
proved. Mere colorable alterations of a machine, are
not gu.Ticient to protect the defendant.
Tiie original inventor of a machine is exclusively
entitled to a patent for it. If another person invent an
improvement in such machine, lie can entitle him-
self to a patent for such improvement only, and does
not thereby acquire a right to patent and use the ori-
ginal machine; and if he does procure a patent for
the whole of such a machine with the improvement
and not for the improvement only, his patent is too
broad and therefore void. It is often a point of in-
trinsic difficulty to decide whether one machine
operates upon the same principles as another. In
the present improved stale of mechanics, the same
elements of motion, and the same powers, must be
employed in almost all machines. The lever, the
-wheel and the screw, are powers well known; and
if no person could be entitled to a patent who used
them in his machine, it would be in vain to seek
lor a patent. The material question therefore is,
not whether the same elements of motion, or the
same component parts are used, but whether the
given effect is produced substantially by the same
mode of operation, and the same combination of
powers in both machines — mere colorable differ-
ences, ov slight improvements, cannot shake the
right of the. original inventor. To illustrate these
positions: suppose a- watch was first invented by a
. person, so as to mark the hows only, and another
person added the work to mark the minutes, and a
third the seconds; each of them using the same com-
binations and mode of operations to mark the hours
as the first. In such a case, the inventor of the
second-hand could not have entitled himself to a
patent embracing the inventions of the other. —
Each inventor would undoubtedly be entitled to his
own invention and no more. In the machines he-
tare the court, there are three great stages in the \
operations, each producing a given and distinct ef-
fect: 1. the cutting the iron for the naiU 2. the grip-
ing the nail; 3. the heading of the nail. If one per-
son had invented the cutting, a second the grining-
;>nd a third the heading, it is clear that neit'her
could entitle himself to a patent for the whole of a
imchine which embraced the inventions of the
oiher two, and by the same mode of operation pro-
duced the same effect; and if he did, his patent
would be void. Some machines are too simple to
be thus separately considered; others again are so
complex as to be invented by a succession of im-
provements, each added to the other. And on the
whole, in the present case, the question for the ju-
ry is, whether taking Reed's machine and Perkins*
machine together, and considering them each with
their various combinations, they are machines con-
structed substantially upon the same principles aftd
upon the same mode of operation. If they are, then
Reed's patent is void, and the plaintiff is not enti-
tled to recover; and the finding of the jury upon
the first special point stated in the defendant's spe-
cification of defence, must depend essentially upoa
their decision upon this question.
As to the question whether the patent was sur-
reptitiously obtained: There is no direct or positive
proof that Reed had ever seen Perkins* machine be-
fore he obtained a patent; but there is evidence,
from which the jury may legally infer the fact, if
they believe that evidence. It is a presumption of
law, that when a patent has been obtained, and the
specifications and drawings recorded in the patent
office, every man who subsequently takes out a pa-
tent for a similar machine, has a knowledge of the
preceding patent — as in chancery it is a maxim,
that every man is presumed to have notice of every
fact, upon which he is put upon enquiry by docu-
ments within his possession, if such fact could by or-
dinary diligence be discovered upon such enquiry: it
is also a presumption of fact, that every man, hav-
ing within his power the exact means of informa-
tion, and desirous of securing to himself the bene-
fit of a patent, will ascertain, for his own interest,
whether any one on the public records haa acquired
a prior right.
The jury will judge under all the circumstance*
of this case, whether either or any of the points of de-
fence are sustained by the evidence; and if so, they
will find their verdict accordingly. If they find a
verdict for the defendant, the court will treble the
damages.
Verdict for the defendant.
NOTE.— A motion for a new trial was afterwards
made, and abandoned; and judgment was entered
upon the records of a vacation of the patent.
Fairbanks and Whitman for the plaintiff— Self
•idge and Prescott for defendant.
General Staff of the Army.
Jldj. and Ins. Gen's office, March 3, 1816.
GENERAL ORDER.
The following appointments, transfers and pro-
motions, have been made for organizing the general
staff of the army, in addition to existing arrange-
ments and conformably to the act of April 24, 1816.
Adjutants, general.
Colonel Robert Butler, 5th March, 1814
do. Charles K. Gardner, 12th April, -
Inspectors general.
olonel Arthur P. Hayne, 12th April, 1814
do. John E. Wool, 29th April, 1816
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-POLITICAL CORRESPONDFNCE. ] 89
Assistant adjutants general.
"Major Charles J. Nourse, 14lh Sept. 1814
do. I. T. B. Romayne, llth Feb. 1815
do. Clinton Wright, 29th April, 1816
do. R. M. Kirby, 29th April, -
Assistant inspectors general.
Major John M. Davis, 1st October, 1814
do. Francis F. Belton, 18th Oct. 1814
do. Henry Lee, jr. 29th April, 1816
do. Wm. M'Donald, 29th April, -
Topographical engineers.
Major John Anderson 12th April, 1813
do. Isaac Roberdeau, 29th do. -
do. JohuJ \bert, 22d Nov. 1814
do, James Kearney, 29th April, 1816
do. Stephen H. Long-, 29th do. -
do. R. Wilson, 29th do. -
Quarter master's department.
Col. James R. Mullany, Q M. G. 29th April, 1816
do. George Gibson, Q. M G. 29th do.
Capt. C. Vandeventer, Asst. Dep.
Q. M. G. 26th March, 1813
do. Benj. Gardner, Asst. Dep.
Q. M. G. 19th May, 1813
do. Milo Mason, As. D. Q. M. G. 29th April, 1816
do. Mark Hardin, A. D. Q, M. G. 29th April, 1816
Medical department.
James Mann, hospital surgeon, 8th April, 1812
E. H. Bell, do. do. 29th April, 1816
Hanson Catlett, post surgeon, 18th Feb. 181.?
W. A. Wheaton do. do. 28th March, 1813
Hosea Blood, do. do. 5th May, 1813
W. N. Mercer, do. do. 22d Nor, 1814
T. I.C. Monroe, do. do. 29th April, 1816
Judge advocates.
R. H. Winder, 9th July, 1814
W. O. Winston, 29th April, 1816
Thomas Hanson 29th do. -
E. B. Duvall, 29th do.
Chaplains.
A. I. Booge, 16th June, 1816
Cave Jones 29th April, -
W. L. M'Calla, 29tii do.
Buttalion and district paymasters.
Saterlee Clarke, A. H. Sneel, Joseph Woodruff,,
David Gwynne, D. S. Townsend, Thomas Montgo-
mery, W. D. Lawrence, Leroy Opie.
Promotions in the ordna?ice department.
Major George Bumford, of the corps of engi-
neers, and brevet lieut. col. to be lieut. col. of ord-
nance, 9th February, 1815.
Captain A. R. Woolley to be major, 9th Februa-
ry, 1815.
Captain James Dalaby to be major, 9th Feb. 1815.
Captain I. D. Hayden, late of the 15th infantry, to
be captain 9th February, 1815.
First lieutenant Wm. Wade, to be captain 9th
February, 1815.
Captain M. I. Magee, late of the fourth rifle regi-
ment, to be captain, 18th February, 1815.
By order of the secretary of war.
D. PARKER, Adj. and Ins. Gen.
Adj. and Insp. Gen's office, May, 3.
GENERAL ORDER. — Cols. Gardner and Wool will
repair to the head quarters of maj. gen. Brown, and
report for duty.
Cols. Butler and Hayne are arranged to the staff
of major-general Jackson, and will repair to his
head quarters.
Majors Belton and Romayne will repair to De-
troit and report tc- general Macomb.
Majors Davis and Wright will repair t» fort
Hawkins,, and report to general Gaines, J
Majors Nourse and Lee are arranged to the staff
of general Scott.
Majors M'Donald and Kirby will repair to Bos-
on and report to general Ripley.
Doctor Mann will report to major general Brown
for orders.
Docter Bell will repair to fort Hawkins and re-
port to general Gaines.
Doctor Catlett is assigned to the post at Pitts -
burg and will report to the commanding officer at
that place.
Doctors Wheaton and Blood will repair to St.
Louis and report to brigadier general Smith.
Doctors Mercer and Monroe will report to this
office for orders.
Judge advocate Winder will report to major-ge-
neral Brown.
Judge advocate Duval will repair to Detroit and
report to general Macomb.
Judge advocate Winston will report to major-ge-
neral Jackson.
Judge advocate Hanson will repair to St. Louis
and report to brig. gen. Smith.
Chaplains Booge and Jones will report to major
general Brown.
Chaplain M'Calla will report to major general
Jackson.
Quarter masters, topographical engineers, and
paymasters will report to the war department for
instructions, preparatory to entering on their re-
spective duties. By order.
D. PARKER, Adj. and Ins. Gen.
Political Correspondence.
From Poitlson's Daily .'Idverti.ier.
Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and
George Logan, on the public affairs of the United
States.
Monticello, October 15, 1815.
DEAR SIR — I thank you for the extract in your's-
of August 16, respecting the emperor Alexander.
It arrived here a day or two after I had left this
place, from which I have been absent seven or eig-ht
weeks. I had, from other information, formed the
most favorable opinion of the virtues of Alexander,
and considered his partiality to this country, as n.
prominent proof of them. The magnanimity of his
conduct on the first capture of Paris, still magnified
every thing we had believed of him; but how he
will come out of his present trial remains to be
seen. That the sufferings which France lu.d inflicted
on other countries, justified severe reprisals, cannot
be questioned — but I have not yet learned, what
crimes of Poland, Saxony, Belgium, Venice, Lorn-
bardy, and Genoa, had merited for them, not merely
a temporary punishment, but that of permanent
subjugation, and a destitution, of independence and
self-government. The fable of JEsop of the Lion
dividing the spoils, is, I fear, becoming true historv
— and the moral code of Napoleon and the English
government, a substitute for that of Grotius, of
Puffendorf, and even of the pure doctrines of the
great Author of our own religion. We were safe
ourselves from Bonaparte; because he had not the
British fleets at his command — we were safe front
the British fleets; because they had Bonaparte at
their back. But the British fleets and the con-
querors of Bonaparte, being now combined, and
the Hartford nation drawn off' to them, we have
uncommon reason to look to our own affairs. This,
tiowever, I leave to others, offering- prayers to heaven,
the Only contribution of old uge, for the safety of out
country. Be BO good as to present me affectionate^
190 NILES- WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 18, 1816.
to Mrs. Logan, and to accept yourself, the assurance
of my esteem and respect. TH. JEFFERSON.
DOCTOR LOGAN.
Stenton, Oct. 20M, 1815.
DEAR Sin — I am much pleased with your late
letter; because it manifests a sincere desire for the
prosperity and honor of our beloved country, dis-
tracted by local factions. The love of honest fame,
p'-edominant during- the revolutionary war, is chang-
ed in'.o cupidity; disinterestedness into selfishness;
and the public good is sacrificed to personal views
of ambition In this disgraceful situation, it becomes
the duty of every genuine citizen, not only to "offer
up prayers to heaven for the safety of our country,'*
but personally to exert himself for its prosperity.
I trust we have a sufficient fund of good sense and
prudence in the United States, to preserve internal
tranquility; but it must be brought forward with
activity, and solely influenced by the sublime view
of nlightencd patriotism; discerning and preferring
nothing but the public good,
I view with greater unxiety the aspect of Eu-
ropean affairs; and the probable effect they
have upon us— -which, if we were armed with per-
fect innocence, I think we might defy. But we have
not been so scrupulously just to our neighbors, as
"to avoid the suspicion, if not the accusation, that
republicans, too, can be ambitious, and can avail
themselves- of the troubles of others, to their own
mistaken advantage— for I hold it as a sound political
principle, that nothing is permanently beneficial to
a nation, either- in self-government or in its foreign
relations, that is not founded on the broad basis of
honesty, utterly disclaiming every species of intrigue
Adopting this correct maxim in our public councils,
would save us the trouble of resorting to those
diplomatic subtleties which constitutes, too fre-
quently, the machiaveljan policy of petty .princes
or of employing men versed in such arts. Sir Francis
Bacon's advice to Sir George Viiliers, afterwards
duke of Buckingham, is well worthy the attention of
all who have the disposal of office — when he s-iys, "I
recommend to you, principally, that you conn leuance
and advance able men in all kinds, degrees and pro-
fessions; and in places of moment, rather make able
Russia is yet in embryo — the astonishing sucee<:
which some of her sovereigns have had in civili/inj;
her immense population, gives reason to expect,
that under the paternal care of Alexander, she will
become the arbiter of Europe — La Ilarpe savs, the
emperor is a republican; I know he is partial to the
United States. Let us therefore, cherish his friend-
ship; it may, under many points of view, be of
essential service to us.
Your's respectfully, &c.
Thomas Jejfcrsou.
GEORGE LOGAN.
Laws of the United States.
An act to abolish the existing duties on spirits
distilled within the United States, and to lay
other duties, in lieu of those at present imposed,
on licenses to distillers of spirituous liquors.
Be it enacted by the senate and house of represents*
tivex of the United States of America, in congress as-
sembled, That from and after the 30th day of June
next, the act entitled "An act, to provide addition-
al revenues for defraying the expences of govern-
ment, and maintaining the public credit, by laying
duties on spirits distilled within the United States
and territories thereof, and by amending the act,
laying duties on licenses to distillers of spirituous
liquors, passed the twenty-first day of December,
one thousand ei^ht hundred and fourteen, shall cease
and' determine, excepting insomuch as the same is
applicable to the duty payable for licenses for stills
or boilers grantc-1 previously to the first day of Ju-
ly next ; Provided, That the provisions of the afore-
said act shall remain in full force and virtue, so far
as they may relate to the rendering of the accounts
of -spirits distilled previous to the first day of July
next, and to the collection and recovery of all du-
ties laid by the said act, that may have accrued pre-
vious thereto, and which shall then remain outstand-
ing, and to the recovery, distribution and remission
of. fines, penalties and forfeitures, which may be in-
curred in relation to the said duties.
Sec. 2, Jlnd be, it further enacted. That every per-
son who, after the 3Uth day of June next, shall be
and honest men yours, than advance those that are j the owner of any still or sti'lls, or other implements
in lieu of stills, used for the purpose of distilling
otherwise, because they are yours.
History is the school of statesmen; it isit/ieiv duty
to inform themselves of the errors of past ages, in
order to shun them. 1 do not accuse the president
of a want of this highly important knowledge; but
1 apprther.d he has too frequently given up his
own correct judgement to parasite and clamorous
demagougfc.s — he, and not they, will be accountable
for his official conduct.
The extent of territory of the United States; its
increasing population, and resources, will create a
spirit of jealousy in foreign governments. I am
assured, from undoubted authority, that a feeling of
this nature already exists in some of the European
cabinets — to obviate such injurious sentiments, let
us act towards all nations with impartiality, justice,
and even foilearance to prevent a state of wur by
which our republican manners and institutions may be
destroyed. Let us have concise, friendly and reci-
spiritlious liquors, or who shall have such still or
stills, or implements as aforesaid, under his super-
intendance, either as agent for the owner, or on his
own apcotint, and for which a license extending be-
yond said day shall not have been previously ob-
tained, and every person who, having* such license,
shall, after its expiration, use, or intend to use any
still or stills, or implements as aforesaid, cither as
owner, agent or otherwise, shall, before he shall
so begin to use such still or stills, or other imple-
ments in lieu thereof, for the purpose of distilling'
.spirituous liquors, apply for, and obtain from the
collector appointed by virtue of the act entitled
"An act for the assessment and collection of direct
taxes, and internal duties," for the collection dis-
triclin which such person resides (or to the deputy
of such collector duly authorised) a license for using
the said stills, or other implements as aforesaid ?
which licenses respectively shall be granted at the
option of the proprietor or possessor of such still
or stills, for any or either of the terms mentioned in
this act, upon the payment in money by such pro-
prietor or possessor, of the duties p:i\ able on the
idithised among the people, supported by many of j said license or licenses, according to the provisions
vthe most enlightened men in that na-tion, will secure of this act, if the said duties upon such still or stills,
'us from any wauton attack, (or other implements, when added together, if there
procal treaties with ull nations with whom we have
commercial intercourse, particularly with Great
Britain and Russia. From the former, we have
not much of real injury to apprehend — lor, however
blind and corrupt the ministry, the spirit of liberty
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— LAWS 0? THE U. STATES.
191
be more than one still or other implement for distil-
ling1 spirits shall not exceed twenty dollars; and it'
they shall exceed twenty dollars, on such proprie-
tor or possessor executing1 and delivering to the
collector, or to his deputy as aforesaid, u bond with
two or more sureties, to the satisfaction of such
.collector or deputy, conditioned for the payment of
said duties at the end of twelve months after the
expiration of the term for which such licence or
licenses, respectively, shall have been granted. —
And the said bond shall be taken in the name of
the United States of America, and in such form, as
shall be prescribed by the treasury department.
And if any person shall^after the said thirtieth day
of March next, use or cause to be used any still or
stills, or other implements as aforesaid, in distilling-
spirituous liquors, or shall bo the owner of, or have
under his superintend, j^ce, either as agent or other-
wise, any still or stills, or other implements as
aforesaid, which shall, after the said day, have been
used as aforesaid, without having1 a licence therefor
as aforesaid, continuing in force for the whole time,
during which the said still or stills or implements
as aforesaid shall have been thus- used, or who shall
keep, during any period for which a licence has
been granted to such person, any still or boiler, or
other implement liable to do duty in their fixtures
in a situation for use, without having first obtained
a licence for the same, agreeably to the provisions
of this act, every such person shall forfeit and pay
the sum of one hundred dollars, together with
.double the amount of duties which would have been
payable for the term, -during which such still or
stills, or implements as aforesaid, shall be thus used,
or kept in a situation for use, as aforesaid, had the
said still or stills, or implements as -aforesaid, been
entered according to the provisions of this act, to
be recovered with costs of suit.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That if any per-
son shall keep in or about his distillery any beer or
Other liquor, prepared from grain, for the purpose
of distillation, for more than eight days, during any
time for which such person shall not have obtained
a license for distillation, he shall forfeit and pay the
sum of one hundred dollars for every such offence.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That the licenses
aforesaid shall and may be granted, for and during
the following terms or periods, and on the securing
of payment as aforesaid, of the duties undermeii-
t lowed, namely :
For a still or stills employed in distilling spirits
from domestic materials, for a license for the em-
ployment thereof, for and during the term of one
week, four and a half cents for each gallon of the
capacity of every such still, including the head
thereof: for a license for and during the term of
two weeks, nine cents for each gallon of its capa-
city as aforesaid; for a license for and during the
term of one month, eighteen cents for each gallon
of its capacity as aforesaid; for a license for and
during the term of two months, thirty-six cents for
each gallon of its capacity as aforesaid; f<u* a li-
cense for and during the term of three months, fifty-
four cents for each gallon of its capacity as afore-
said; for a license for and during the term of four
months, seventy-two cents for each gallon of its ca-
pacity as aforesaid; for a license for five months,
ninety cents for each gallon of its capacity as afore-
said;, fora license for and during the term of six
months, one hundred and eight cents for each gal-
lon of its capacity as aforesaid; for a license for
one year, two hundred and sixteen cents for each
gallon of its capacity as aforesaid: Provided, that
'here shall be paid upon each st-ill employed whol-
y in the distillation of roots, but one half the ra1es
of duties abovementioned, according1 to the capa-
city of such still.
For a still or stills employed in distilling* spirits
Vom foreign materials, for a license for the employ-
ment thereof for and during the term of one month,
.wenty-thrce cents for each g-allon of the capacity
of .every such still including the head thereof ; for
i license for and during the term of two months,
brty-six cents for each gallon of its capacity as
tforesaid; for a license for and during' the term of
hree months, sixty-eight cents for each gallon of
ts capacity as aforesaid; for a license for and clur-
ng the term of four months, ninety cents for each
gallon of iis capacity as aforesaid; for a license for*
md during- the term of six months, one hundred and
hirtv-five cents for each gallon of its capacity aR
.foresaidj fora license for and Jin-ing1 the term of
'jg-ht months, one hundred and eighty cents for
;ach gallon of its capacity as aforesaid; for a li-
cense for one year two hundred and seventy cents
"or each gallon" of capacity as aforesaid.
And for every boiler, however constructed, em-
ployed for the purpose of generating- steam in those
listilleries where wooden or other vessels are used
nstcad of metal stills, and the action of steam is
substituted for the immediate application of fire to
the materials from which the spirituous liquors arc
distilled, for a license for the employment thereof,
louble the amount on each gallon of the capacity
of the said boiler, including the head thereof, which
would be payable for the said license if granted for
:he same term and for the employment on the same
materials of a still or stills to the'contents of which,
oeingthe materials from whence the spirituous li-
quors are drawn, an immediate application of fire,
during the process of distillation, is made.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That it shall be
the duty of the collectors, wilhin their respective
districts, to grant licenses for distilling, which li-
censes shall be marked with a mark denoting the
rate of duty thereupon, and shall be signed by the
commissioner of the revenue, and being1 countersign-
ed by the collector who shall issue the same, or
cause the same to be issued, shall be granted to any
person who shall desire the same, upon application
in writing, and upon payment, or securing payment
as aforesaid, of the sum or duty payable by this act,
ipon each license requested.
Sec. 6. Jlnd be it further enacted, That the appli-
cation in writing, to be made by anv person apply-
ing1 for a license for distilling as aforesaid, shall
state the place or places of distilling, the number
md contents of the still or stills, boiler or boilers,
and whether intended to distil spirituous liquors
From foreign or domestic, materials. And no per-
son having obtained a license in one collection dis-
trict shall be required to take out an addi'.irmal li-
cense in another district for the same still within
the period of the first license. And every person
making a false statement in either of the said parti-
culars, or who shall distil spivituous liquors from
materials other than those stated in the application
aforesaid, ?.-s well as the owner or superintendant
of any distillery, still or stills, with respect to which
such false statement shall have been made, or which
shall be thus unlawfully employed, shall forfeit and
pay the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars, to be
recovered with costs of suit.
Sec, 7. And be it further enacted, That every such
collector, or his deputy duly authorized under bin
hand and seal, shall be authorized to enter at any
time any distillery, or place wlu t c any stii!, boiler.
or other vessel used 5a distillation are kept or use..!
192
NILF.S1 WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 18, 1816
within his collection district, for the purpose of in-,
spi-c'ing, examining1 or measuring the same, and
the other vessels therein And every owner ot
such distillery, stiils or boilers, or other vessels, or
jterson having the care,superintendauce or manage-
jnentofthe s mie, who shall refuse to admit such
•officer as aforesaid, or to suffer him to inspect, ex-
Miiine or measure the same; shall for every such re-
fu.s:d, forfeit and pay the sum of live hundred dol-
Iirs.
' See. 8. And he it further enacted, That in cases in
which a license- for' stills or boilers may have been
granted for their employment, according to the
present rates of duty, fora period extending be-
yond the thirtieth day of June, one thousand eight
hundred and sixteen, the person to whom the same
may have been granted or transferred shall, on or
before the said day, pay, or secure the payment, in
manner aforesaid, of a ;mm equal to such propor-
tion of the additional duty hereby imposed on li-
censes for stills and boilers as said period bears to
that for which the said license was granted; the
pavmentof which sum shall be endorsed by the col-
lector on said license. And if any still or boiler
sh-;;i, aferthe said thirtieth day of June, be em-
ployed in distilling1 spirituous liquors without the
additional duty having been previously paid or se-
cured as aforesaid, the owner, agent or superinten-
dant thereof shall forfeit and pay the sum of one
hundred dollars, together with double the amount
of tj.e said additional duties.
Sec. 9. .Ind be it further enacted, That all the pro:
visions of this act shall be deemed to apply to any
sjiill or boiler, or other vessel used in distillation,
which sliHll.be employed in the reclificatiou of spi;
ritupus liquors.
Sec. 10. And be it further enacted, That any h
cense heretofore or hereafter granted for employing
a slUl, boiler or other vessel., in distilling spirits
froni foreign materials, shall authorise the distilling
spirits from domestic materials also.
Sec. 11. And be it further enacted, That a deduc-
tion at the r;vte of eight per centum shall be made
from the duty payable for a license to distil spiri-
tuous liquors, on the payment thereof at the time
of obtaining the "same, whether the same be payable
on a credit or not, according to the provisions oi
this act
Sec,. 12, And he it further enacted, That in future
it shall be lawful for the distiller or distillers ot
domestic spirits, and all persons from whose mate
rials such spirits shall be distilled, to sell without a
license, by retail, any quantity thereof, not less than
one gallon.
Sec 13. And be it further enacted, That the sever;,]
provisions of "An act making further provision for
the collection of internal duties, and for the ap-
pointment and compensation of assessors," passed
0.1 the second day of August, one thousand eight
hundred and thirteen, shall, and are hereby declarer
to apply in full force to the duties laid by, and to be
Collected under, this act, the same as if such duties
and this act were recognised therein; which saic
duties shall lie collected by the same collectors
ia the same manner, for the same commissioners
tivul under the same directions, as are thereby esta
bushed in relation to the other internal duties: anc
all the obligations duties and penalties thereby im
posed upon collectors, are hereby imposed upoi
ihc collector! of the duties laid by this act.
Sec. 14- 'And be it further enacted, That it shall
?><: the duty of the collectors aforesaid, in their
irspcctive districts; and they are hereby authorised
ity collect the duties imposed by this act, and to]
prosecute for the recovery of the same, and Jar-
he recovery of any sum or sums which, may be.
brfeited by virtue of this act And all fines,
>enalties and forfeitures, which shall be incurred
>v force of thi.i act, shall and may be sued for and
ecovered in the name of the United States, by bill.,
^laint, information or action of debt, one moiety
.hereof to the use of the United States, and the
other moiety thereof to the use the person who, if a
collector, shall, first discover, if other than a col-
ector, shall first inform of the cause, matter Oi
.hing, whereby any such fine, penalty or forfeiture.
shall have been incurred, unless the breach of thi*
ct, for which such tine, penalty or forfeiture may
>e incurred, cannot be established without the testi
mony of such collector, or other informant, in which
;ase the whole of such fine, penalty or forfeiture
hall be to the use of the United States.
H. CLAY,
Speaker of the hnuse of representatives .
JOHN Ci A IL LARD,
President of the seiiate pro tempore.
April 19, 1816 — APPIIOVED,
JAMES MADISON.
An act for the gradual increase of the navy of the
United States.
Re it enacted by the senate and house of representa-
tives of the United States of America, in congress as-
sembled, That for the gradual increase of the navy od
the United States, the sum of one million of dollars
oer annum, for eight years, is hereby appropriated,
including the sum of two hundred thousand dollars
oer annum, for three years, or the unexpended ba-
lance thereof, appropriated by an act approved on
the third day of March, one thousand eight hundred
and fifteen, entitled "An act concerning the naval
establishment."
Sec: 2. And be it further enacted That the presi-
dent of the United States be, and he is hereby, au-
thorised to cause to be built nine ships, to rate not
less then seventy four guns each, and twelve ships, to
rate not less then forty four guns each, including
one seventy four and three forty four gun ships,
authorised to be built by an act, bearing date on the
second day of January, one thousand eight hundred
and thirteen, entitled "An act to increase the navy
of the United States;" and in carrying this act into
effect, the president shall be, and he is hereby, au-
thorised, as soon as the limber and other necessary
materials are procured, and the timber properly
seasoned, to cause the saM ships to be built and
equipped; or if, in his judgment, it will more con-
duce to the public interest, he may cause the said
ships to be framed and remain on the stocks, and
kept in the best stale of preservation, 't« be pre-
pared for service in the shortest time practicable,
when the public exigency may require them.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That for the
defence of the ports and harbors of the United
States, the president shall be, and he is hereby au-
thorised, to Cause to be procured the steam engines,
and all the imperishable materials necessary for
building and equipping three steam batteries, on
the most approved plan, and best calculated for
the waters in which they are to act; and such
materials shall be secured in the best manner to
ensure the completing such batteries in the short-
est time practicable, when they, or either of them,
in the opinion of the president, may be required
for the public service; and the president is further
authorised to cause to be completed, and kept in
the be'st staje of preservation, the block ship turn-
on the stocks, near New Orleans
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER^- STATISTICAL SCRAPS.
•irplus fund."
H. CLAY,
Aril 29 —
Speaker of the house of representatives.
JOHN GAILIARD,
President of the senate pro tempore.
JAMES MADISON.
State of England.
FROM HELL'S WEKKT.* MESSENGEU OF MAHCH 10.*
In several of our former papers we have consider-
e:l, at some length, the important question of the
present general distress; and the actual condition
of the farmers is too prominent not to have fallen
within our distinct view. But as from the intermix-
ture of other subjects, we are compelled to treat
agriculture us only one division of the general dis-
•tress ; and as every day has brought us new infor-
mation upon this topic, we now return to it. Truly,
it is not from an ignorant impatience, that the far-
mers and landlords are raising one common and ge-
neral voice agairwt the proposed enormous military
lishment, They cry out because they feel. —
. are rendered wise enough by experience to
know that all taxes ultimately fall upon the land ;
and that no possible profits can meet the increasing
progress of the public waste. They cannot sell their
corn at a price to indemnify them for the rent,
taxes, rates, and cultivation ; they cannot hope that
'the price will eyer permanently rise so as to enable
them to do it, and are therefore compelled to seek
tfvery means of diminishing this expenditure. The
'rents have universally fallen ; the taxes must follow
the example. It is totally impossible that at the
peace price of corn the farmer can continue to pay
the war taxes.
It is a natural feeling with the country people,
and we have always participated in it, to lean rather
to the side of government ; and knowing the diffi-
culties which any. set of miuisters must have, \ve
have had more pleasure in approving, and as far as
our faculties admit, assisting their measures, than
in f.ictiously opposing them. But the errors may
become too serious, and may cost the country too
much. We very much apprehend that this is the
case at present with respect to the proposed peace
establishment.
The next burthen upon agriculture are the taxes
<lirect and indirect. The direct taxes should be
immediately reduced, if not entirely removed. The
instruments of produce should never be deemed
suitable objects of taxation. We should never lose
sight of the difference between the tree and the
fruit ; the seed and the crop ; the growth and the
consumptions. It is ruin to mistake the one for the
other, — to eat the seed instead of waiting for the
harvest. If we were called upon to give an emi-
nent instance of the folly, the improvidence and the
mischief of governments under this head, we would
instance it in the stamp of newspapers, which has
become so heavy as to render a new daily newspa
per an impossible attempt. Thus they have taken
a present profit at the expence of the future fund.
The third burthen upon the farmer, and the most
grievous of all, are the poor-rates, which in many
t>e repealed ; or even seriously altered; — for who
•would rish the possible gtarvtt-tion of millions ? In Ire-
land, where no such law exist, the scenes ofpoverty.
of famine, of daily perishing from cold and hunger,
are horrible to humanity. These laws, therefore,
must remain ; we should be afraid of bringing* down
almost a curse upon our heads, if \ve should think
of their repeal. But this consideration only makes
the present case of the farmers more calamitous, a*
it leaves them without the hope of a remedy. A
most melancholy fact, under this head, lias app'eared
in the papers. In some parish in Huntingdonshire*
we believe, the clergymen, churchwardens, &.c.
waited upon a neighboring justice, with the pur-
pose of enquiring who were now to support thft
poor ; as all the farmers of the parish, but one, had
thrown up their farms, and there was actually no one
left to pay rents, or taxes. "The next parish must
support them," replied the magistrate ; ''this is the
provision Of the act of Elizabeth." "But the next:
parish is nearly in the same state." This example
speaks more than many w<j>rds. In the midst of ».
civilized country, we see a> whole village abandoned,
and the whole population, like so many wandering-
gypsies, quitting their liouses, and former settled
habitations. Will any one deny, that something-
must be done, When we see a scene before our eves
which has not been seen in England for many p're^
ceding centuries. . .
To say all in a word, the main root of the evil i<
in the taxes, and in those enormous establishments,
and that expensive civil list, which have rendered
such tuxes necessary. Andas thjbis ih* evil, the main
remedy is as simple and intelligible ;— reduce the
expenditure; reduce the .establishment-wand let the
civil list be brought within the means of the di*
tresse<l country. This must be done, or the people
will speak out. ...
Statistical Scraps.
AMOUNT OF INSPECTIONS
In tip City of Baltimore during the quarter,
31st March, 1816.
80,103 barrels wheat flour
2,266 half do. do. do.
2,614 bbls. rye do.
1,388 bbls. pork
29 half bbls. do.
539 bbls. beef
624 do. mackarel
3 half bbls. do.
213 bbls. herrings
40 do. alewives
2,544 kegs lard
467 do. butter
'48 hhds tiaxseed
9,441 casks domestic spirit!:
377 do. foreign de.
698 Ullages
99 casks oil
57 do. molasses
458 loads lime
172 do. coal.
JOHN HARGROVE, Register.
Custom-House Emoluments. — The secretary of the
parishes are as much as ten shillings in the pound treasury has recently transmitted to congress a
of the rent ; so that if the farmer pay 150/. per an- statement of the emoluments of thp nffippt-d A
* "Bell's Weekly Messenger" is a decidedly mi-
material paper.
emoluments of the officers em-
ployed in the collection of customs for the vear
1815. The following is an abstract of the inform*-
tiqn contained, in the document-r
NILE9> WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 18, 1816.
Josiah Hook, the collector of Penobscot district,
received-as the emoluments of his office, after de-
ducting1 all expenditures, the sum of §17,949
The collector of New-York received 6,335
The naval officer for the same district 5,293
The collector of Portland 5,826
The collector of Memphremagog, in Vermont 5,158
The collector of Baltimore 4,180
The collector of Wilmington, N. C. 4,740
The collector of St. Mary's, in Georgia, 3,601
The collector of Boston 3,233
The naval officer of Boston . 3,731
The surveyor of Boston 2,916
The collector of Passamaquoddy 3,496
The surveyor of New-York . 3,724
Ot the remainder, the emoluments of 8 exceed
2,000 dollars— those of 22 others exceed 1,000 —
those of 20 exceed 500— and those of the rest, 92
in number, fall short of 500. Oracle.
CONSUMPTION OF COTTON. — Itfjs calculated that in
Xireat Britain, there is at work,, spinning cotton, five
millions of spindles ; spinning, on an average, 80
millions of hanks per week, or 1,777,777 pounds ;
making a consumption of cotiton of about 7,000
bales per week, or 364 thousand bales per annum,
the bales weighing about 250 IDS. each. — Sav. Rep.
COMMENCE OF CHARLESTON. — Statementof the exports
•f produce from the port of Charleston, from 1st
October, 1815, to 31st March, 1816.
WHERE EXPORTED.
Tierces
Rice.
Bales
S. Island.
Bales
Upland.
London ....
Liverpool ....
Cowes and Market
Falmouth and do.
Portsmouth . . .
"Milford ....
119
3,356
4,275
3,763
110
190
151
4,355
1,846
1,778
554
2,920
7,141
3,566
1,487
1,068
294
417
509
991
2,410
1,774
1,310
692
1,012
514
4,059
178
19
l 5,655
1
224
91
2,682
400
97
148
y
8
50
18,879
1,630
1,078
800
167
1,168
1,920
4,431
4,123
1,618
530
506
885
461
80
541
270
253
803
202
189
Ireland ....
Greenock ....
Havre
Bordeaux ....
Nantz ....
Hochelle ....
Amsterdam . . .
Hamburgh . .
Bremen ....
Copenhagen . .
Antwerp ....
Ostend
St. Petersburg!! .
North of Europe
'Gibraltar ....
Cadiz ....
Lisbon
Leghorn ....
Malaga ....
San Lucar ....
Madeira ....
West Indies . . .
Halifax ....
Different parts of the
United States .
Jl true copy from tftt
LONDON, March 6.—
ment, it appears that
rates and other rates ]
year ending the 25th
13*. 8df. The only cc
no return at that datt
' 50,839
13,739
9,527
40,382
6,519
64,578 46,901
custom-house books.
-Bv a paper laid before parlia-
the whole sum raised by poor
n England and Wales, for the
of March, 1815, is £7,023,386
unty marked as having made
, is Buckingham ,- but ui most
of the counties several parishes or places are stated
not to have made returns. The whole of these is,
for England 773,— for Wales 81— Total 851.
Jiritish Peace Establishment. — for 1816.
Home service - 25,000 men.
Ireland .... . 25, ( ',0
Gibraltar, Malta, and Ionian Islands 11,000
American Continent and Bahama
Islands .... 10,000
West Indies - - - - - 13,000
Cape of Good Hope - - - 3,000
Ceylon - - - - - - 3,000
St. Helena - - - : - 1,200
African coast - 1,000
N. S. Wales .... 800
In France
India
Nominally,
99,000
30,000
20,000
Total, say
150,000
Expence £29,398,000
Seamen for 1816— 33,000
Great Britain.— Supply for 1816.
Army .... . 9,300,000
Commissarat 680,000
Barracks, .... - 258,000
Extraordinaries 2,000,000
Navy
Ordnance ...
£12,238,000
7,000,00,0
2,000,000
2,500000
1.000.000
£24,738,000
Repayment to the bank 1,500,000
Exchequer bill interest 2,000,000
Sinking fund on exchequer bills 260,000
Debentures 900,000
4,660,000
Irish proportion
£29,398,000
2,910,354
26,487,946
To which is to be added the interest and charges
of the national debt.
Ways and means.
Surplus of grants - - - 3,000,000
Surplus consolidated fund - - - 2,500,000
Lands and malt .... 3,000,000
Customs and excise war taxes - - 6,000,000
Property tax - - - - - 6,000,000
Lottery -, 200,000
Bank allowance .... 6,000,000
£26,700,000
Statement of taxes.
Customs to the 6th Jan. 1815, produced,
£10,487.000
Ditto, to 1816,
Stamps to Jan. 1815
Ditto, to Jan. 1816
Post-office to Jan. 1815
Ditto to Jan. 1816
Assessed taxes to Jan. 1815
Ditto to Jan, 1816
11,059,000
5,598,000
5,865,000
1,460,000
1,548,000
6,214,000
[6,017,000
N1LB9' WEEKLY REGISTER— FOREIGN ARTICLES.
195
j£*row'Hv lux to Jan. 131 J 14,2.65,000
RHODE ISLAND ELECTION.
Ditto to Jan. 1816 14,382,000
OFFICIAL HETUJfNS.
.- - ^.
1815. 1816
Land tax to Jan. 1815 1,072,000
Fed. ffep. Jon fa. Knight.
Ditto to Jan. 1816 1,100,000
Newport, 302 182 271 2.37*
E.VRI.ISII LAW. — By the laws of England 160 dif-
Middletown, 30 58 29 65
ferent sorts of human actions are punishable -with
Portsmouth, 78 54 104 64
death. Since Blackstohe wrote, Capel Loft esti-
Tiverton, 45 60. 50 137
mates the number of felonies without the benefit
LiUle-Compton, 117 89 100 91
of clergv at 176, and felonies with the benefit of
Jamestown, 17 6 19 10
clergy at 65 — Of those who were executed, the so-
\ew-Shoreham, 30 6 59 2
licitor-general declares that 18 out of 20 do not
Providence, 580 152 567 165
exceed 20 years of age."
N Providence, 100 42 88 55
POPULATION OF THK UNITEU KWRIIO^. — During the
Cumberland, 107 88 132 119
war of 1756, it was disputed, between Brakenridge
Smithfield, 125 160 121 197
and Foster, whether the people had increased or
Cranston, 78 115. 85 128
diminished, and what was their amount? but with-
Hurrillville, 39 92 44 149
out any decision. During the colonial war, Dr.
Glocester, 68 167 80 203
Price reviewed the same question, but was more
Foster, 165 121 195 192
successfully opposed; he insisted, that there could
Scituate, 83 167 103 214
, not be more than 5,000,000 of inhabitants in Eng-
Johnston, 39 131 36 151
land and Wales; his opponents shewed, from very
Warwick, 165 93 186. 123
sufficient documents, that there were, in England
E. Greenwich, 116 28 HI 40
ttful Wales, upwards of 8,447,000 souls. These
W. Greenwich, 96 65 113 65
contrarieties of opinion, were at length settled bv
Coventry, 177 126 196 155
the parliamentary enumeration of 1801, which, in
S. Kingston, 142 42 180 66
opposition to the doctrine of Dr. Price, found in
N. Kingston, 129 139 126 16£
England and Wales, 9,340,000 souls; but did the
Exeter, 64 89- 69 87
population continue to increase during the subse-
Richmond, 62- 32, 71 41
quent war? Yes; as the people had continued to
Charlestown, 64 22' 65 4'2
multiply during the wars of 1756 and 1776, so did
Westery, 40 12 63 32
they multiply during the war of 1803; for the par-
Hopkinton, 99 46 106 33
liamentary enumeration of 1811, found in England
Bristol, 84 111 104 V2T
and Wales 10,150,615. The state of the inhabitants
Warren, 86 84 76 91
of Scotland, at successive periods, gives the same
Barring-ton, 45 14 44 16
results; in 1801 the enumeration found 1,618,303
_ , „
^ouls in that country; the enumeration of 1811 found
3372 2588 3591 3259
1,805,000. The same observation equally applies
2588 32J9
to Ireland — the population of Ireland, when the
union wa,s formed, in 1801, was supposed to be
Majority, 784 Majority, 3.32
4,000,000; by the late imperfect enumeration in
SALARIES IN IfEW-TOIlK.
i814, it appeared, that Ireland contained nearly
£,000,000 of people. It is a fact then, that the peo-
ple of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land have increased, during the late long wars, to
i 7,208,9 18 souls j and continue to increase andmul-
Uply. London paper.
Nfiw-YoiiK CITY. — The following statement may
Chancellor, chief-justice and judges of the
supreme court, each 4500
gratify the curious :
Reporter of the supreme court - - - 2000
Census of, in Inhabitants.
Deputy comptroller and deputy secretarv,each 1750
Pay of the members of each house of the legis-
Int. u,rt* per cluv • sf
1771 91 863
1786 23^14
1790 33,131
1800 60,489
Foreign Articles.
1805 75,770
Admiral Malcomb is to succeed Cockburn as
1810 - ' - . . . 93,914
CONNECTICUT ELECTION.
commandant at St. Helena, the Capeof Good Hope
kc. A new war is expected in India between the
OFFICIAL RETURNS.
For governor— Mr. Smith (Fed.) 11,368
Mr. Wolcoit (Rep.) 10,170
British and the Mahrattas— "Perish the invaders.1-"
The ex-king of Sweden is preparing for his pilgrim-
age to the holy land. Seventy-two convents have
Majority for governor Smith 1,1 ys
been established in the duchy of Tuscany "resto-
ration!" Admiral Exmouth, with a strong fleet,
Lt. governor— Mr. Ingersoll (rep. candidate) 10,494
Mr. Goddard (Fed.) 8,635
sailed from Leg-horn about the- 4th of March, with
a supposed destination to fulfil certain arrange-
ments of the allied powers in respect to the Barba-
Majority for Mr. Ingersoll 1,759
ry stares, who are said to have determined that this
people shall carry on their wars according to the
-jcustomsof civilized nations. Mr Cannin«-'is to re-
There were 203 "scattering" votes for governor,! turn fvom Portugal and have a seat in the cibine*
and 406 for lieutenant governor. Tnere is a verv extraordinary stagnation of all sorts
Ihe relative strength of part.es in the house of|of business in England; on a certain day in \Ja-c'i
representatives is not stated. The majority is off last there was onlv one vessel reported at the c.is
the federal side, as nsual. Itom-house, London.- a circumstance unprecedented.
196
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 18, 1816.
The Jamaica parliament is kicking- at the regulations
-of the mother country respecting the slave trade — j
their proceedings are said to be "factious, if not j
rebellious" — but their doings cannot amount to anyj
thing. The British parliament have voted upwards j
*>f two millions of pounds for the repairs of ships ofj
Avar. Serious disturbances are said to exist in thej
northern departments of France. Americans are,
treated with great indignity by the leading men inj
the English city of Bordeaux — Col. Fenwick, of the
"U. S. army, residing at an adjacent village for the
benefit of Ins health, has been compelled by the
•jnayor to take out his American cockade — and so
th?y go on. The character of the royalists of this
city is ascertained at once in the knowledge of the
fact that they celebrated, by a grand fete, the anni-
versary of the entry of the British there! They
hate the flag of the United States, for it contains
the three colors. The cry of vive I'Empereur is some-
times heard in France — and always punished. This
Is right — whoever bellows for an emperor or a king
ought to be whipped. The manufactory of segars
js monopolized by the French government. There
appeal's to be a prospect of a scarcity of grain in
Italy. The recent failures in Scotland are said to
amount to ten millions sterling — Indeed the whole
of the British empire appears to be in unprecedent-
ed distress. The New-Castle frigate is about to
sail for St. Helena— she carries out between 20 and
30 packages supposed to contain books and other
property of "general Bonaparte!"
St. Patrick's day was celebrated at Belfast in
great, style, on the 17th March. Among the toasts
we notice the following:
"The glorious and immortal memory of Washing-
ton, and may the liberty and independence of his
country be as lasting as his renown.
"The exiles of Erin-*— May they continue to find
that protection under the wing of the republican
e,ngle, which was denied them under the monarchi-
cal lion."
The manufacturers of Leeds and its neighborhood
liavr had a meeting for the purpose of concerting
measures to oppose any proposed tax upon import-
ed wool, rape seed and tallow.
Some agitation has taken place in parliament in
consequence of an attack by Mr. Brougham on the
personal character of the prince regent.
In Liverpool, Ralph Kinder has been convicted of
shipping1 on board the Latona for America, divers
articles used in the cotton and silk manufactures ;
MH! sentenced to forfeit 200/. and be imprisoned
Twelvemonths.
In January last, the French consui-at Tripoli was
un the point of obtaining the release of some Ge-
noese made prisoners under the white flag, but the
comul of a foreign poioer [what power?] prevented it.
Among the costly presents which will be taken
out to the emperor of China, by lord Jlmlicrst, is a
&i:iss, (in frame) the plate of which admeasures 16
'uet by 10 : it is the largest ever cast in this coun-
. trv, and its value is 12,OOOJ. Two carvers and
gilder;} will proceed with it, to repair any injury
which it may receive in going out. Some superior
rloth, valued at 51. per yard, also forms part of the
presents; the whole is estimated at 80,000/.
The following will give our readers a correct
idea of the state of the markets in Ireland, in res-
pect to certain articles of provision, &c.
BELFAST, March 15. Oat meal per cwt. 10s a 10s
6d; wheat lls a lls 6d; first flour 25s; second do.
21s; third do. 13s; firkin butter 100s; leaf tobacco
Is od a Is 6d per lb.; roll do.1 3s 8d a 3s 10d; whiskey
Ms 3d per gall.; Antigua rum 19s per gall.; Jamai-
ca do. 15s 6d, brandy (Cogniac) 26s; geneva 21$;
lump sugar Is 6d a 2s per lb.; scale do. 96s per ll£
Ibs.; Memil timber 4s 2d per ft.; American 3s 6d;
Swedish iron 24£ per ton; English 13£; beef per IV.
5d a 6d; mutton 7d a 8d; veal 7d a 8d; potatoes 3d;
in other markets only 2d per stone of 14 Ibs.
French tariff. It is stated that the French go-
vernment is about to establish a new tariff of duties
which will give a very decided preference to French
vessels.
Newspapers in France. Extract of a letter re-
ceived at New York, from Paris —
"Since my letter of the 27th I have received one
from the director-general of the post-office, on the
subject of the newspapers you had the goodness t»
send me, of which the following is a translation: .
SIR — I have received the letter of the 16th inst.
by which you request me to cause to be delivered
to you, at the ordinary rate of newspaper postage,
the packet which has been addressed to you from
the United States, and which you refused to receive
on account of its being1 charged 107 francn postage.
I have given orders, sir, that this packet should
be delivered to you on paying eight centimes per
printed sheet. But as the laws do not admit of
this diminution of postage, except for newspapers,
post paid in advance, and stamped with the French
stamp, I announce to you, with regret, that hence-
forth packages of this nature will be subjected to
the rate of letter postage.
"Receive, sir, the .assurances of my most distin-
guished consideration.
The director-general of the post-office,
(Signed) D'HERBOUVILLE,
Mr. J. Cox liamet, consul of the
U. 8. of Amer. at Paris.
This regulation, as you will readily perceiv e
amounts to a complete prohibition of American
newspapers in this country, by mail.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obed't servant,
" J. COX BARNET.
Important French decrees. — From a file of French
papers, we observe (says the New-York National
Advocate J that on the 8th of February .-there are
two ordonnances of Louis the 18th, relative to pre-
miums on the cod and whale fisheries.
For three years all vessels employed in the cod-
fishery, near the islands oi St. Pierre and Miquelon,
and on the coast of Newfoundland, called the great
fishery, are allowed a premium of 50 francs per
man, from the captain to the cabin boy. Those
fishing on the Dogger bank, and the great bank<of
Newfoundland, have a premium of 15 francs, from
the captain to the cabin boy.
There are also various premiums allowed for
French vessels exporting from France, or from the
fisheries, codfish to the French colonies, into Spain,
Portugal, Italy or the ports in the Levant.
As regards the whale fisheries, vessels employed
in that trade are allowed a premium of 50 francs
per ton; and iu case the vessel, having doubled cape
Horn, or crossed the straits of Magellan, and fished
in the Pacific ocean, having been absent upwards
of 16 months and less than 26, the merchant or
owner is allowed a premium of 50 francs per ton,
on her safe arrival in a port of France.
Merchants engaged in this business are allowed,
for three years, to make use of foreign vessels which
shall be nationalized French before their departure,
without any expense; and two-thirds of the officers and
crew are allowed to be foreigners.
Intrigue. Extract of a letter from Bordeaux?—
"The truths which have come to light in the trial
of Mr. Linois, gov|rn«r of Gaudaloupe, have a litUe
NILES WEEKLY REGISTER— BANK OF THE U. STATES. 197
-^concerted the friends of Britain in this quarter of
France. It appears, in that trial, that a dispatch
boat, expedited by Napoleon, after his arrival at Pa-
ris, fell in, off Guadal^ipe, with admiral Durham's
squadron, who capped her. That the English ad-
miral wrote governor Linois, informing- him of this
circumstance The governor wrote him in return,
begging hi*1 not to suffer the vessel to enter Guada-
loupe, no*4 to allow the officers of he* to set foot on
shore; that if he did allow them to land it would he
impossible for him to preserve the colony to Louis
XVin. The admiral allowed, and even assisted
them tf> land, which it appears caused all the mis-
London, March 20. A letter from India state<
<<hat a disagreeable circumstance had arisen at Hy-
drabad, the chief town of our steady friend. The
Nizam's sons arrested a servant belonging, it is sup-
posed, to the English residency. Our minister, Mr.
Russell, resolved to rescue him by force, and col-
lected a corps called the Russell brigade, with some
other troops and two guns, the whole under the
command of a British officer of his escort. This
detachment marched to the young prince's resi-
dence, in the city of Hydrabad. They attacked it,
but were repulsed with the loss of one of their
guns and many lives, among which was that of the
British commanding officer. — This mode of obtain-
jng redress is asserted to have been with the impli-
ed permission of the Nizam; but the unfortunate
result of it has produced a bad impression on the
natives, the attempt having rendered us odious, and
its failure despicable. The young prince, af er his
victory, mounting his charger, galloped with a
crowd of attendants about the streets and environs
of his father's capital, and exclaimed to the popu-
lace in triumph ant tones "that it -a/as thus they ought
-ft serve the English tyrants."
March 28. Mr. Vansittart moved yesterday in
the house of commons, the continuation of the war
imposts — and to continue for five years those added
to the excise.
A private letter from Paris says, how truly we
know not, that a letter written by Bonaparte, from
St. Helena, has been intercepted at Paris. Its con-
tents, and the manner in which it was intercepted,
are not mentioned — nothing beyond the circum-
stance of such a letter having been intercepted.
April 2. We believe we can vouch for the accu-
racy of the following statement :
As marshal Soult was proceeding along one of the
public walks of Hamburgh, an old Hamburgh mer-
chant, who had suffered severely by Davoust, came
boldly up to him and said — "is thy name Soult ? —
Hast thou brought back to us any of our bank mo-
ney ?" Receiving no answer to his queries, he struck
him a blow, and then caned him most soundly. —
The marshal made off, and with difficulty reached
his hotel, with the mob at his heels. Post-horses
were ordered directly, and he set off for his ulterior
destination. — London Conner.
Paris, March 24. "I was yesterday at the Champ
de Mars, and saw mademoiselle Garnerin ascend in-
to the air by a balloon. It was a most extraordina-
ry and painfully interesting sight. She was 'sealed
in a kind of wicker basket, and suspended 20 feet,
perhaps, by cords from the balloon, with the para-
chute floating loose between her and the balloon. —
At about 20 minutes after 4, the balloon was set
at liberty: the wind was very strong from N. yet
the balloon was so well charged that it ascended at
an angle of about 60 degrees, and at the rate of
about a mile in 3 minutes. In two minutes from th
balloon, at the height, I should judge, of 2500 fee^
from the ground, and descended like lightning a
short distance, when the parachute opened, and
she was gently let down to her mother earth, after
an absence of about 5 minutes. She alighted near
a mile from the Champ de Mars, and within two or
three rods of the bank of the river Seine. Thou-
sands of people immediately surrounded her, and
escorted her on horseback, safe and and sound,
back to her father and half-distracted mother and
sister. There were about 8000 people within th©
Champ de Mars, who paid one franc admission; a
few paid five and even ten francs to go within the.
enclosures. This money went, it is said, to the dis-
tressed inhabitants of Soisons. On the outside of
the Champ de Mars, and near it, I suppose there
were not fewer than 25,000 more. The lady is
about, 25 years old, not handsome; and just before
she started looked very palid, and I thought fright-
ened, though I dare say much less so than the thou-
sands who were looking at her; but the moment she
began to ascend her composui-e returned, and she
waved two white flags, which she held in her hands^
with much grace."
Warsaw, Feb. 20. A strict prohibition has been
issued, in Gallioia and Poland, against a writing
upon the acts of the congress of Vienna, which
claims, in terms too violent, the execution of that
article in these acts by which Austria is bound*
under the guarantee of Russia and Prussia, to give
a national and representative government to its Po-
lish subjects.
THE LAPLANDERS, — From a late London paper. Our
readers will have observed, by an article on Satur-
day last, that the three poor Laplanders, whom we
stated to be on their way to London, some days
since, are now arrived with their game, which is
selling by different poulterers in the city.
These poor fellows expected, when they left
Gothenburg, that the packet would land them in
London, and that they would have no duty to pay,
whereas they have been obliged to pay upwards of
fifty pounds for duties, &c. besides ten guineas for
the freight of a vessel from Harwich to London.
The state of preservation in whioh these birds
are is really surprising, after travelling upwards of
1000 miles.
The manner in which they are preserved is by
hanging them up to freeze when killed, and after-
wards packing them in cases lined with skins, to
keep out the air, which so effectually preserves
them, that when the packages are opened, the birds
are found frozen quite hard, and those packages
which are not opened will continue in this state for
some weeks.
The mode in which the small birds are dressed
in Sweden, is by stewing them in cream with a lit-
tle butter in it, after being1 larded, which gives
them a very exquisite flavor. The large ones are
roasted and basted with cream, which is afterwards
served up as sauce.
The men wear a kind of great coat, made of'
reindeer skin, with cap and gloves of the same,,
which gives them a very grotesque appearance, al-
though they are very shy at appearing in the streets
in this attire, on account of their attracting so ma-
ny people round them.
Bank of the United States.
The president and senate have appointed the fol-
lowing named directors of the bank of the United
States; 10 serve uu.ii he end and expiration of the
tinjie she started, she disengaged herself from Uiejfir&t Monday of ii*e mouth of Janaary uext.
198 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, MAY 18 1816.
William Jones, ")
Stephen Girard, S-Of the city of Philadelphia.
Pierce Butler, j
Jaraes A. Buchanan, of the city of Baltimore.
John Jacob Astor, of the city of N. York.
The president lias appointed the following1 name<
commissioners to superintend the subscriptions to
.wards constituting- the capital of the bank of the U
States :
1 . At Philadelphia in Pennsylvania,
1. *-*• 1 rrM-,-.,, AT "\\rtn!. -.^
Wm. Jones
Stephen Girard, Thomas M. Willing, Thomas Lei
per, Cadwallader Evans, Jun.
2. At Portland in Jlfuine, Thomas G. Thornton
Asa Clapp, Nathaniel Gilman.
3. At Portsmouth in New Hampshire, John F. Par
vot, Henry S. Langdon, George Washington Prescot
4. At Boston in Massachusetts, Wm. Gray, John
Parker, of Boston, Nathaniel Silsbee, of Salem.
5. At Province in Rhode Island, Seth Wheaton
Ebenezcr K. Dexter, James D'Wolf.
6. At Jlfiddletown in Connecticut, Joshua Stow, Isaac
Spencer, Jun. LeviH. Clarke.
7. At Burlington in Vermont, James Fisk, Herman
Allen, Ozias Buel.
8. At New-York in the state of N. York, John Jacob
Astor, Peter H. Schenck, of N. York, Isaac Dennison,
of Albany.
9. At Niiw Brunswick in N. Jersey, Samuel South
ard, of Hunterdon county, Silas Condict, Barney
Smith, Newark.
10. At Wilmington in Delaware, Crcsar A. Rodney,
Geo. Miligan, Victor Dupont.
11. At Baltimore in Maryland, James A. Buchanan,
Robt. Gilmor, Jas. W. M'Culloh.
12. At Richmond in Virginia, Johi. Preston, Fran-
cis Corbin, John Ambler.
13. At Lexington in Kentucky, JohnW. Hunt, John
Tel ford, of Lexington, John Purther, of Louisville.
. 14. At Cincinnati in Ohio, Oliver M. Spencer, of
Cincinnati; Thomas James, of Chilicothe; David
Chambers, of Zanesville.
15. At Raleigh in N. Carolina, Robert Locke, of
Bowan;*Sherwood Haywood, Raleigh; John Branch,
of Halifax.
16. At Nashville in Tennessee, J. Wliiteside, Jphn
Khea, James Trimble.
17. At Charleston in S. Carolina, Robt. Howard,
Jwues Horlbeck, James Curson.
18. At Augusta in Georgia, Charles Harris, of
Savannah; James S. AValker, George Hargraves, of
Augusta.
19. At Ntxo Orleans in Louisiana, Dominic Hall,
Peter Derbigno, Wm. Flood.
20. At
Columbia — John Mason of
vigable waters of Hudson river and lake i
and the 'said navigable waters and lake Cham-
plmn; and in case of the resignation or death oi
any of the said commissions, the vacancy there-
by occasioned shall be supped by the legislature
in the manner in which senators of the United
Slates, from this state, ai : directed to be chosen.
And be it further enacted, that the s/ud commis,
sioners shall chose one of their number to be
^resident of their board, and shall appoint a fit
person for the secretary, who shall be at'.owcd'and
)aid such salary as the said commissioners si«\\ deem
iroper and reasonable — and the president of t»e said
joard of commissioners shall have power to c\}\ a
neeting of the same, whenever in his opinion the ptb-
ic interest requires it, & the said board may adjourn
'Vom time to time, to meet at any time and place
hey may deem most conducive to "the public good
— and further, the said commissioners shall have
5ower to employ such and so many agents, engi-
icers and surveyors, draftsmen and other persons,
is in their opinion may be necessary to enable them
o fulfil and discharge the duties imposed upon
them by this act, and to allow and pay the said
agents, engineers, surveyors, draftsmen, and other
persons for their respective services, such sum or
urns as may be adequate and reasonable.
And be it further enacted, th&t it shall be the
dtity of the said commissioners, as soon as may be
fter tie passing of this act, to cause those parts
f the territory of this state, which may lie upon
r contiguous to the probable course and ranges
)f the said canal to be explored and examined, for
he purpose of fixing und determining the most
ligible and proper routes for the same, and to
ause all necessary surveys and levels to be taken>
nd accurate maps, field-books and drafts' thereof
obe made—and further, to, -.dopt and recommend
roper plans for the construction and formation of
le said camJs and of the locks, dams, embank
lents, tunnels and acquedticts, which may be no-
essary for the completion of the same, and to
ause all necessary plans, drafts and' models there-
f, to be executed under their direction.
And be it further enacted, That the said com-
lissioners, or a majority of them, shall be ami they
re hereby authorised and required to make appli-
ition in behalf of this state to the government of"
le United States, and of such states und territo-
es, as may be benefittcd by the said canals, or
itherof them, to the proprietor* of lands through
r near which the said canah or either of them may
•may be proposed to pass, to nil bodies politic and
orporate public or private, :.nd all citizens or in-
Georgetown, Thomas Swan of Alexandria, John P. 'habitants of this or any r'b/u- of the United States
\un,Ness of Washing-tun. for cessions, grants of donations of land or money
j for the purpose of aiding in the construction or
completing of both or either of the said canals, ac-
cording to the discretion of the several grantors or
donors, and to take to the people of the state such.
navigation^' the state of New-York, as it finally I grants and conveyances :-,s maybe proper and com-
passed the legislature. It falls far short of what petent to vest a good and sufficient title in the suid
Internal Improvements.
The following1 is tlue bill for improving the internal
passed
was expected.
act to provide fo
the improvement of the inter-
nal navigation of this state. — Passed on the 17th
A{,iil, 1816. '
Be it enacted, by the people of the state of New
York, represented n senate and assembly, that
Stephen Van Renselaer, De Witt Clinton, Samuel
Young, Josep'.i Ellicott and -Myron Holly, be and
they are hereby appointed commissioners to consi-
der, devise and adopt such measures as may or shall
be requisite to facilitate and effect the communica-
^u by mtans of canals and locks^ between the na-
people to the land so to be ceded or granted
aforesaid, and for the purpose above mentioned, it
shall be the duty of the said commissioners to open
books of subscription in such and so many placet
as they may think necessary and expedient, and un-
der such rules and regulations as they may from,
time to time establish — And further, it shall be
their duty to ascertain whether to any and to what
amount and upon what terms loans of money may
or can be procured on the credit of this state, for
the purposes aforesaid.
And be it further enacted, That it shall be tk«
THF vVEEKLY REGISTER— CHRONICLE.
199
,,nissioners to rnake or cause to
accuracy and minutenes as
inavbe, calci-^tions »nd estimates of the sum or
sums of money which may or will be necessary for
completing each of the said canals, according to
the plan or pb"3 which may be adopted and recom-
mended by-nem> for thc construction or formation
of the ss>*ie» and to cause thc said calculations and
estinnv*8} and all surveys, maps, field, books, plans,
drafts alKl models, authorized and directed by
this r~t, or so many thereof as may be completed,
tolrjther with a plain and comprehensive report o"
,.a their proceedings under and by virtue of this
act, to be presented to the legislature of this
state, within twenty days after the commencement
of the-next regular annual session thereof.
And be it further enacted, That the treasurer
shall, on the war-ant of the comptroller, pay to
the order of a majority of the said commissioners,
out of any monies in the treasury not otherwise
appropriated, any sum or sums of money not exceed-
ing twenty thousand dollars, and for which the said
commissioners shall account to the comptroller of
-tliis state.
And be it further enacted, That the act, entitled
"An act to provide for the improvement of the
internal navigation of this state," passed the 8th
day of April, Ifell— and the act, entitled" an act
further to provide for the improvement of the
internal navigation of this state," passed June IQthj.
1812, be and the same are hereby repealed.
State of J\'e\u-York} secretary* '* office.
I certify the preceding to be a true copy of the
Original act on file in this office.
ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL,
Deputy secretary.
CHKONICLE7
The tide turning. It is stated that certain per-
sons In J\"e-w:York have recently demanded and re-
ceived of the Boston-bunks, half a million of dollars.
This pressure, with an expectation of others of a
like nature, appears to have operated almost to a
total suspension of business in the latter place. —
"Money being the only article in demand, there has
been an uniform depression of prices" of merchan-
dize, says the Boston Daily Advertiser. The event
is rapidly coming about Which we warned this way-
ward, people frequently of. It is just as impossible
that, in a gtaie of peace and of regular commerce,
Bos ton should be the grand depot for the pre-
c'lou.s mentis in the United States, as that "water
should run'up.hili." A little while before the war it
was as rare to- see a specie dollar yi the common bit-
• siness of- life iax -Massac'liu setts, as it was to see an
eagle in. -the -middle; or southern states- — and so it
•will be agaiiij :oi- like causes will fail to produce
like effects, which w« do not suppose is very pro-
bable. We may forgive, but cannot forget the one-
' «v/-proceedings of the banks and monied men at
Boston, and trust they will be taught virtue bv suf-
fering that which they themselves inflicted on their
country and countrymen. .
Whales. On the 26tU of March, two hump-back-
ed whales were killed and caught by the crew of
two boats, near Edgartown, Mass, fitted out for the
purpose. It is presumed that about 50bbls. of oil
can be obtained from them.
JVVw- York election. Ciov. Tompkins and Mr. Tay-
lor are elected governor and lietit. governor of New
York, by an increased majority of several thousand
votes.
The senate of thc state is entirely republican. —
The assem' cun afrd. 36 federal
members; among the former is general Peter Men,
(concerning whom so much discussion took plac-e
in the house last year) elected by a majority of more
than 700 votes. In the late assembly, after the ex-
pulsion of gen. Allen, and by the death of one and
:he necessary absence of another republican mem-
aer, it will be recollected the federalists had the
majority.
The representation in the next congress of the
United States, from New-York, will consist of 23
republicans and 4 federalists — in the present, the
of parties stand 21 to 6, 'net gain 4.
When the returns ar,e received, we shall publisk
the details. The change in favor of the republicans
aas went beyond the hopes of the most sanguine, j
Steam boat. Lloyd's list of March last, states
that the Eliza, steam-boat, arrived at Havre in 20
arours from London, and proceeded immediately for
Paris, where she arrrived, to the astonishment of
thousands, who had assembled to witness this no-
vel scene.
South American affairs. By the ling- fieneral
Strieker, arrived Baltimore, from the Rio del Plata>
we have^the following information :
That general Rondeau, commander in chief of
the patriot army, was within 30 leagues of Potosi,
the capital of Peru, where he had retreated after
losing the battle on the "25th December last. He
had been reinforced by 2000 men, and a great num-
ber of muskets from Jjiieuos Ayres, he was re-or-
ganizing his army, and preparing to inarch against
the enemy again, who was in Potosi. It was gene,
rally understood that tiie force assembled in Men-
doza, ready to pass the Cordelleras, to re-capture
Chili, would not inarch, or attempt it before the
Andes were shut again with snow. The members
chosen to a congress, had met in the city of Tuca-
men, but had not commenced their deliberations
General Antigas, who commands the east side of
the river, called the Bando Oriental, and who has
been opposed to Buenos Ayres ever since the sur-
render of Monte Video, ha's recommenced hostili-
ties and taken possession of Santa Fe, situated 100
leagues on the river above Buenos Ayres, and K
was said he was marching against the capital. He
is a plain sensible man, a real patriot, and it is very
probable he will govern the country. A dispute has
taken place between the government and the com-
mander of the British frigate Orpheus, stationed at
La Plata, which gave rise to a warm and insulting
correspondence on the'subject of smuggling money
and harboring on board the frigate prisoners to th'c
government. The captain embarked, with his offi-
cers, much exasperated and threatened to sail from
the river ; but he had not, und it would all end in
notUing. Captain Fubius' (of the Oi-phcxis) letU'-r*
were not published. C. H. li.
By an arrival at New.- York we have the following
additional particulars —
The force with which general St. Martin va.>
prepared to inarch into'Chili, consisted of 5000 men,,
but he waited for a supply of 1500 muskets, which,
hud le.fi Buenos Ayres for him. li was reported the
commodore Brown [Buenos Ayrean] had taken the
Island of Juan Fenandez, und set all the prisoners
(chiefly patriots) at liberty ; and that he \vas pro-
ceeding to the coast of Peru, to vex arid destroy th^
commerce of the royalists. The revolutionists ap-
pear to want arms." The congress commenced its
sittings in March last. The establishment of a bank-,
with a capital of t\vo millions, is spoken of.
u/Jrla general, the progress of this people to li-
berty seems certain of a happy issue. They have
f&Vtfcj and we observe that public men jjid
200 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY,
public measures are freely spoken of. This is a
great point gained. Rnt \vc fear there is mud
•\yant of union among them, and that their difficul
ties, on this account, will be considerably increased
However, \ve know, by experience, that a. few dis
contented men may make a great noise; and liave
reason to hope, that the body of the people are sin-
cerely devoted to the cause of their country.
The provinces of Caracar, &c. appear in a state of
anarchy- These countries, by the successive pre-
valence of the whig and royal authorities, have suf-
fered beyond example. Some parts must be almost
depopulated. Jlolivar, collecting1 the fugitives from
Carthagena at Aux Caves, sailed sometime ago in
Considerable force; and much anxiety is felt to learn
rhe object and fate of his expedition.
WIST INDIA XEWS. An opinion has prevailed that
.Bolivar, late of Carthagena, and his adherents, de-
signed to attack the city of St. Domingo. Two ves-
sels belonging te his squadron had captured a Spa-
nish schooner off the Punta Salines. A French sloop
«f war of 22 guns had arrived from France, and
>*ra3 cruising activist ^in™- Henry — two frigates were
expected out for the same purpose. It would ap-
pear that Petion is not to be molested, for the pre
sent.
hmirrection at Tiarbadoes. A letter from John
Mitchell, American consul at Martinique, to his
brother in New- York, dated the 18th of April, says
"it is with pain that I have to inform you, news is
received here of an insurrection at Barbadoes, and
of the negroes having burned 42 estates — no fur-
ther particulars."
Further. A letter from the same place of the
20th, says — "The negroes have risen en masse in
Barbadoes, and burnt upwards of 60 plantations,
and killed all the whites they could find. A detach-
ment of 2000 men, consisting of the troops now
here, emburk for that island this day; they will soon
be put under, as Barbadoes is free of woods and
almost a perfect level.
[By referring to our table, page 115, it appears
that the slaves in the island of Barbadoes, amount
to 59,506— the whites only to 15,000.]
Mr. Gallatin is expected to sail for France in a
few weeks, in the IT. S. sloop of war Peacock, cap-
:ain Rodgers.
It was believed at Havana, April 10, that a ves-
sel bound for that port from Verti Cruz, with 400,000
dollars or, born-cl, had been captured by a Carthage-
rian privateer.
Maj. gen. Scot I arrived at Baltimore, on Friday
evening, the 10th inst. in the ship Franklin, from
Liverpool.
Several vessels, having arrived at our ports from
Canton, with teas, Etc. have been ordered to Am-
sterdam, without breaking cargo. The Braganza,
•»f New-York, was warned oft' St. Helena by a Bri-
tish sloop of war; but being close in with the island,
the British officers pointed out to them the resi-
dence of Honaparle.
The Buffalo Gazette of the 30th ultimo, complains
of a backward spring, and observes, that the lower
part of lake Erie was full of massy ice.
INTERESTING. — From the Dartmouth Gazette. — In
Lately looking over my old papers, I discovered a
copy of the following note to the rev. Mr. M*******
which I took from the original, and the insertion of
vv'hich in the Gazette, I presume will be acceptable
to many of your readers. It was written by the
widow of the orave gen. Montgomery, shortly after
his death, and during the war, in consequence of
the son of the gentleman to whom it was addressed,
• Laving been named MOSTOOMEIIT. A Subscriber.
J8j
"Mrs. Montgomery's cors,;ments to &c rev. Mr
M - -— ; sends the enclosed „•„„ to thc )OungsoK
dier, he has done her the honof to call after her
unfortunate general.
She hopes, long before his assistance can be want-
ed, that his distressed country's liberties will br
established on a firm foundation. tiut s|loui(| t)ier
not, she doubts not but the brave e.-ampic Of j^
namesake, will teach him to prefer t.<T'CT.rcatcst
danger, and even death itself, rather than Vi^riit t(,
chains of slavery, though the fetters are of fr^j
Though surrounded by sorrow and lost
ness, she remembers, with some degree of pitas, rt
the respect in which this country holds the menu.
ry of her MONTGOMERY — and that his beloved name
will not sofcn be lost in it."
[The widow of gen. Montgomery died a few year*
since in New-Hampshire.]
Fire. — 130 buildings \vere destroyed by fire, a-?
St. John's, Newfoundland, on the morning of the
13th February last— loss estimated at £ 100,000
sterling. The situation of the sufferers in such a.
climate and at a such season must be excessive.
Expedition. At Richard Brown's woollen facto-
ry, Holliday's Cove (Va.) 4 miles from Steubenville,
the wool was shorn from a sheep in the morning,
washed, carded, spun into yarn of 18 cuts to the lb,
wove, dyed, fulled, dried, shorn, and made into n
coat and worn, all in the space of 24 hours. What
think ye of this? — Western Herald.
The heaviest snow ever known in that country,
fell at Terrano, in Italy, about the 31st Dec. last. —
It was of a red. and yellow color! The phenomenon
had excited great fear and apprehension in the peo-
ple, "and religious processions made to appease the
heavens!" Learned men were requested to make ex-
periments with this snow, and report the result of
their enquiries.
THE PLAGUE has appeared in several parts of Italy-
Great precautions are adopted to prevent its spread-
ing through Europe. It appears to be more than.
usually fatal. Some parts of European Turkey have
lost half of their population by it. It rages in Wal-
lachia, and seems to be approaching Germany in
several directions.
BRITISH NAVY. From a London paper of April 1 .
The following ships at Portsmouth are ordered to
be sold, or taken to pieces. Those employed as
receiving ships, powder ships, and military depots,
are to be retained so long as they may required for
those services :
Blake, Fortune, Gladiator, Malacca, Emerald,
Castor, Prince, Excellent, Elephant, Mars, Magnifi-
cent, Royal Oak, Swiftsure, Victorious, York, Hy-
perius, Atlas, Fortitude, San Antonia, Bull Dog,
Alcide, Robust, Cuba, Squirrel, Speedy, Plutp,
Prince George, Arve, Prince, Hygeria.
[Of the above two are 98's— fifteen 74's— one 50
— one 44 — one 38 — three 36's — two 32's~ one 24—
one 18— one 16, and one 12. Total 29.]
The Tuscan, 16, and Tickler, It), at Plymouth,
are to be sold; the Majestic, 56, and Medusa, 32,
' uve been broken up at Plate-Yard.
A correct list of the British navy in commission.
made up to the 1st of April — Of the line, effective,
24; fifties, 5; frigates, 72; sloops, cutters, &c. 92;
(uard-ships, &c. not effective, 14; troop-skips, 7;
tore-ships, 12, yachts, 5. Total, 231. Decrease
his month, 5.
An enquiry into smuggling is instituted in the
louse of commons, implicating ministers, &.c many
uxuries, as wines, &.c.//w?j France, intended for the.
wince regent, having been detected, though marked
is returned, ordnance stores.
N1LES' WEEKLY
No. 13 OP Vox.. X.]
BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, MAY 25, 1816.
[wuor.i: >o. 247.
J-Ja-c o'im mvinimsse
PRTXTKH AXT> PCHLISHKH
Omission. — The editor of the Weekly Register island was supposed lost— I iiuve 'v/o oihcrs, with mo-
t oore o
number, see page 187— aft
in the ninth line of the resolve, inser
,
"and to the officers, non-commissioned officers
"and soldiers, and to the officers, petty officers and
"seamen of the navy and flotilla under their respec-
tive commands/"
It was thus that the resolve passed the cily coun-
cil — but it so happened (and things of the kind
vnist happen) that the publisher from whom we co-
pied the proceedings, omitted this part of it.
Accident to the Mail.
•From the Democratic P/v.v? nf M'indmi last.
"The southern mail did r.o-r Arrive in this city on
Saturday last, until 5 o'clock in the afternoon; . five
hours after its usual time. The delay was occasioned
by the overturning of the stage from the top of the
dam at Principio, about three miles on this side of
the Susquehanna. Fortunately there was no person
iu the stage but an American 'Tart who saved him-
self by his presence of mind and agility, in leaping
from the carriage, and alighted on the top of the ,„
*Um The stage, horses 'and driver fell into the ascertain tLTre^es" and c^acVtie's'S our'coun"
erCek!,;\!:?!£h^ a!Tlt 15,.°r 2° ****** driverltrj to supply the wants and Ratify \he ^riSrf
rti>rvnlA rS^1->^ .-, , .» -.. «. 1 •» + ,. :„.!..,, ... i
arrive — "wiVer harvest." Nil dexp
However, it becomes me to bear a general good
testimony of the fidelity and care with which the
business of this interesting and extensive establish-
ment is conducted. My papers corrnionly re.ich
their destination without delay, and seldom {Yd al-
together. There are many gentlemen From 3 to 500
miles from me who have never Jos' :• single i<i;i-i!>er
since the' commencement of the work in 1811. ,-lntl
Imertgiticerelywish that no person may he i
from fincar&iiv to me ».-»/ little d-.tcs dy an
nion >.f the -.unit of safety in the mails— I I
THKIII Anniv.v',. There never was a time-when remit-
tances would be more gMtefuliy received than at
present.
The cultivation of the Cane.
THE KKD RIVER LANDS.
The editor of the WLEKI.Y KKKWKR has been fa-
vored with some information as to the progressive
cultivation of the sugar cane in J^hiniana, winch
he thinks cannot fail to intere.it ill who delk/ht to
was but little injured, one of the horse, killed, and
its people.' The march to npendence s
,, , .1— -j -—- "^* Miiv.ii, nnu us pcopie. rne march to mdcTx-iul;
the stage broken to pieces. The mail must have and certain-exterior ciran,
remained in the water sometime, >as the letters that the commercial spirit and checked the ,,,«,ma«ur
were received Dy it, were dipping wet. Most of ing zeal of our citizens : but the prJscni denres
n^rstaiifl <i*vn r»f* tiiot-a »^ *^K+ .v-, ,..-. ITU^T.,
the newspapers were destroyed. We mulerstand
that the post-master of this city was under the ne-
ssity of opening every packet to dry the letters
Before they were forwarded; and that after drvin"
the newspapers,he has selected and forwarded those
that were not injured. We learn, Mr. NILES' WEEK-
* V~" «* *'j ^»vi . x\ IJLfcS \VEEK-
i,y RKojtsTEn is the only paper that has escaped \vith-
mjury, on account of the careful manner in
rtnch they are wrapped. They were thoroup-hlv
wet, but only the outside wrapper was rubbecL so
that the directions remained perfect on the insicle
*»
sion of these is not more likely to l::*t, than their
former activity was to he expected to contmue.— «
Each state grew out of artifirit-J circumstances, pro-
duced by the condition of things in Europe, and
must find their nutiiml level
The value of Louisiana — "that howUng waste and
dreary wilderness"— tl.e mere ,/<•/ in which, the isl-
and of Orfeaiiz, was once tho
to be
wortli "10,000 lives and 100,000,000 'dollurs,** and
by the same party considered too dear when the
whole territory was purchased for 15 ml lions, be-
the purchase did not include a "seeking of
./' and a state
every mail and dry the letters separately, and all
the papers that were legibly directed I have dried
and Sent you. N,tES> REOISTKH, owing to the com-
lete manner in which they are enclosed and tied
l^!!!^^^ th™ a».v other paper; the
r, are entirely
Feeding may serve to answer many com-
which have latterly been made respecting
irregjdar arrival of the REGISTER, especially in
• e western parts of Virginia, where the conduct of
ome person or persons is singularly infamous. This
oiv is so packed that it can resist any common
accent but the neplence of post-mast Vs-which
longs to Mr. Meigs, the post-master general,
lo re neve the people of. A few days since f receiv'
• c la tie tter from an office in Virginia, near the Ohio,
vm a ?assaffe of rathcr more thr
made the "round assertion," as it mnv be consider-
ed, that the United States' lands in this section of
our country, if carefully managed, win, of them-
selves, produce an amount equal to that of the pre-
sent national debt — for the public owns vast tracts
of country ;is well cutculaud as a:iv in the world
for cultivating the most advantageous products ot'
the soil — sugar and cotton, at their present and pro-
bable future prices. I have been much pleased to
feel assured that this result may be confidently ex-
pected. In a pecuniary point of view the.i, the
purchase of the territory of Louisiana Was a mas-
ter stroke of policy — but its value in a political
consideration is beyond estimation, being immense;
as it must appear to every man on a moments re-
flection.
The certificates below, are those of two very re-
spectable gentlemen living on the JiedJUvt-r,
202 NILES' WEEKLY P.EG1STER— SATURDAY, MAY 25, 1816.
three miles below the town of Nachitoches, which upon 1UOO wt. per arpent, one year with another, bo-
is in Int. 31° 46: N. Our correspondent observes sides molasses, &c. Son.e objections are made to
that the experiments made by others are equally our prospects of success on the ground that the
.• /• _ 1 . 1. . i _X«j.l-_ i 1^1* I
satisfactory, and that many of the most wealthy
planters of that neighborhood were about to change
their crops from cotton to sugar — adding1, that al-
root will not produce a second and a third year, as
on the coast of the .Mississippi, on account of the
hard frosts that prevail in winter. In fact, last sea-
their producing next season. Yet should we fail in
our expectation from the stubble, the culture pf
the sugarcane will still be productive by planting-
our fall crop every year: for instance, one-fifth of
the whole will plant 'the same ground, leaving four-
fifths to grind and manufacture into sugar — the
produce of which, as above stated, will be worth
up ore than the whole planted in cotton, at the high-
est p.'ices and most sanguine calculations. The su-
gar cane is much e:isier raised and prepared for
Importations of the U. States
FOIl T1IE YEAH, ENDING ON THE 30TII DAY OF SEl'TEM-
BEK, 1814.*
Abstracted from the letter of the secretary of the trea-
sury of tiec. 18, \%\ 5— addressed to the speaker of
the house vf representatives.
Value of goods paying duties ad valorem —
xhough he believes no lands in the United States j son, but very few of mine survived ihe seven; and
.ual to iJiosc on that river for the quantity of i uncommon winter we had; but 1 calculate much on
cotton they give the planter, yet that the cane will
be found a more profitable crop, as being less lia-
. accident or disease, and requiring "less labor
to bring it into the market, — one acre in cane be-
ing also equal in value to at least three acres in
cotton. He says, that about 200 acres of land on
tfki- Hed Jtlrer are this year planted with the cane,
.a;id he calculates that sugar will soon become the
gvand staple of the country, and greatly exceed the
quantity than can be made on the J/mv^.' //.•/>/. For,
he ohaervcs "Our lands proper for sug-ar plan- 1 market than the cotton crop, and requires less work
tutions, are very extensive; they are richer^ the soil ' than corn, while growing. Another season, I am
wanner and ttie vegetation quicker than those oil confident, will fully determine our lied river plant-
1hc Mississippi; our cane grows much faster in the | ers in favor of the cultivation of sugar cane, and
mo:it'>.-; of .M.tv and June, than it does on that river, j enhance much the value of lands in our parish.
;s accounted for from the extreme coldness : I am, sir, very respectfully,
. of the Mississippi Vat or at that season, flowing di- j Your obedient, humble servant,
fectly from regions of ice and snow. This,' i- i, . S. DAVENPORT.
thought, folly if not more than compensates for the J\*atchitGC/tes, Jan. 3, 1816.
el.;!'. renc', of latitude,*4 rr} -Accompanying these certificates is asample of
the sugar" raised bv Mr. Bossic. It is of a very
The subscriber, planter at Natchitdches, in the Might color, and possesses all the qualities e.steeui-
8 Ut e (;f Louisiana, certifies, that his experiments in e(1 jn tl]e su»ap of the Mississippi. Editor.
the cultivation of the sugar cane have produced
him at, the rote c!' 250.01bs of sugar of a very supe-
yi'H quality, per .Vi-pent. And that he is pevMttided
if the c.ine be well cultivated and carefully manag-
ed, t! r-.t it will produce^ 3000lbs. per arpent— first
cut.
Given under my hand this 29th Dec. 1815.
T. BOSS IE.
Cop if of a letter from Samuel J)ave?iport, Esq. to Dr.
/; Siblfti, on the subject of the cultivation of su-
gar &i:ie, on
DEAR siu — From conversations I had with seve-
ral of the most observant sugar planters near Oi
leans, as; well as from my own observations, I was
convinced that the sugar cane was not so tender a
plant r.s it was thought to be, when first cultivated
ia Louisiana — that it naturalized itself to climate
and certain qualities of soil with facility; and was
induced to make a trial of it on our lied river lands:
consequently, in 1814, had three-fourths of an ar-
pent of plants brought from the coast, which plant-
ed five arpents at 4 feet distance the rows. It
grew luxuriantly, and ripened to a considerable
heigh th. In the'f.dl, 1 had, as an essay, 3-4ths of
an arpent of ground, which produced me near 1000
v/t. of good sugar; the balance I planted last spring,
\vhich gave about twenty arpents, eight of which 1
manufactured, and has produced me about 9,000
v/t. of a superior quality, besides molasses, &c. al-'
though 1 lost considerable of juice and syrup from
the imperfection of mr machinery. I am encou-
raged to continue, and I think will be able to grind
from thirty to forty arpents next season. The fer-
tility and superior quality of our soil, the local si-
twation of our lands on the margin of the river, with
the considerable exhalations which takes place dur-
ing the fall season from its waters impregnated with
saline particles, prevents the early frosts from af-
fecting vegetation until much later than on 'the
neighboring highlands, and convinces me, makes up
ajnply for the difference, of latitude between this
and t'he coast above Orleans, where they succeed in
a very hign degree in making sugar.
Upoa tUg whwle, I think W£ n»av safely
At 27^ per cent. : : :
: $3,504,620
32^ " : : : :
: 659,769
424 " : : :
: 77,757
777^— Malmsey, L. P. Madeira :
galls. 2,278
all other Madeira :
: 862
Burgundy, Champaign, kc
734
Sherry and St. Lucar :
: 297
all other : : :
: 418,288
Spirits — from grain : :
from other materials :
: 72 :-
: ;>6.v.>pr,
Molasses : : : : :
Beer, ale and porter : :
: 9,691
TViw— Bohea : : : :
Its.' 17,357
Souchong, &.C. : :
Hvson, &c. : : :
r 66,220
: 30,648
other green : :
88,01 1
: 7,758,738
Cocoa : : : :
: 288,851
Chocolate ::::•"
583
Sugar — brown : : :
• 26,457,943
white : : 3 :
: 3,006,528
loaf and lump : :
: 472
Almonds ::::•'
96,401
Currants • '• •
•24,^87
Prunes and plums : : :
41,504
Figs :, ! : :
Uaisins — in jars and boxes
all other : : :
H,460
: 336,222
: 276,700
Candles— tallow : *.-. !
27,237
wax or spermaceti :
446
Cheese : : : = :
27,119
51 766
Soap •.:::'•
*No account of the importations
of the last year
has been published.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— COBBETT'3 REGISTER.
203
Tallow :::::•
.Mace :;:::< :
Nutmegs ::::'•
Cinnamon ::::::
Cloves ::::::
Vepper : : : •
Pimento : : : : :
Cassia : : : : : '
Tobacco manufactured, otlier than snuff
or segars : : : :
Snuff' '-. : : : : :
Indigo ::::::
Cotton : : : :
Gunpowder : : :
Starch : : : :
Glue : : : : :
Pewter plates and dishes
Jfon — anchors and sheet :
slit and hoop :
nails : . : : :
spikes : J
Quicksilver : : :
Paints — Ochre yellow, in oil
: 1 dry :
Spanish brown : :
White and red lead
Lead and manufactures of lead
Seines : : : ;
Cordage — tarred : : :
un tarred : :
cables : ': :
Steel : : : : :
Twine and packthread : :
Glauber salts : : :
Suit — weighing more than 561bs. per
333, cents out of the 25 to booksellers and others, it
254 being an instruction to us, not to .sell by retail our-
857 selves, except at our office in New-York. Sucii
15 S gentlemen, therefore, as may think the work worthy
4,645
429,142
36,204
3,780
of their attention, will please to apply to their own
booksellers in their several neighborhoods; who,
4. upon remittance to us, may depend Upon being sup*
0 plied with what over numbers they may or;lcr, and
2,161
246
49,128
125,838
2,370
60,425
242
406,725
135,855
2,25^
110,700
7,154
282,841
60,367
with all possible speed and regularity. \\\- are in-
structed to sav, on the part of our employer, that
he laments the necessity of putting frO high a price
on his work; but that it was the only possible way
of securing a chance of even a bare reimbursement
of his expenses, to say nothing of an}' remunera-
tion for the time and labor indispensably requisite
to the prosecution of so arduous an undertaking.
The subscribers have brought out with them some
copies of* the Register, vol. 29, which closes the last
year. The price of these volumes, containing each
13 numbers, is 2 dollars 25 cents, with an allow-
ance of 72 cents per volume to bookseller;.
It is intended to publish the Register regularly,
every Saturday, if the arrivals from England will
enable us to do it. But it is hardly to be supposed
that that will be the case. We sh.ti!, therefore, be
obliged sometimes to miss a weekj rnd sometjmes
to publish two Registers in one week, in order to
1,424 publish fifty-two numbers in the course the year.—
21, 9 13 1 We nave brought out with us the seven firs't imm-
2,110 j bers, and we shall publish two numbers in a \veek,
,110j
8,388
6,663
55
for the first three weeks; after which, we shi.
publish only once a week, < xcept in the c:<s
fore described. For the present, we shall pi!
bushel :
: : tis. 3,968,851
weighing 56 Ib. or less
: bush. 262,462
Coal ": : : :
: : 19,367
Fish — foreign caught, dried
: quiirtals 14,510
salmon : :
: barrels 917
mackerel : : :
: " 1,557
all other : :
: " 4,504
<Sla£s — black quart bottles
: grace 685
window : :
: 100*7. feet 4,382
Segars : : : :
: thousand 2,157
Lime, foreign ,: :
: casks 363
Boots : : : i
: paifis 811
Shoes and slippers, silk
193
kid arid morocco :
". 4,584
ail other, for children
: 745
Cards — wool and cotton :
dozen 15
playing : :
: pa<:ks 423
(Signed) — Treasury Department, Register's Office,
December 18, 1815.
JOSEPH NOURSE, Register.
Cobbett's Political Reister.
22 Hsh every Tuesday and every Saturday, and have
the numbers ready for delivery at eight o'clock m
the morning, of those days.
HENRY COBBETT,
G. S. OLDFAELI).
J\'o. !9, Wall-street, JVe-M-York.
We Respectfully acquaint the public, that AVC will
receive -written orders from any bookse'dei1, or otlior
gentleman, for books to be imported from England;
that the order may be for old books or new; for airy
particular book; for all new books generally; for nil
new books of a particular description or branch oi*
science, or literature, or for a collection of new
books, not exceeding- a fixed sum. Tlie.se orders
we will transmit to England, where they will bu-
executed, under the direction of Air. Cobbeti, with
all possible speed, it being intended that there
shall be no delay beyond the first day, when th •
execution can take place.
The rate at which books thus imported, are to bv.
charged, is, at 25 per centum, above the retail pri^c
in England, exclusive of charges.
We have, at our office, ample catalogues of Eng-
- On Tuesday, the 21st instant, will be published, at Hsh books, and will he happy to submit them to
Ko. 19, Wall-street, New-York, COBBKTT'S WKKKLT! the inspection of any gentlemen who may wish to
POLITICAL REGISTER, No. 1, Vol. xxx. written in
England, 6th January, to be continued weekly, as
see them.
We will also receive, and carefully forward,
nearly as possible, and to consist, partly, of Mr.! letters or any communications, that maybe sent to
Cobbett's essays, which have been published in the us, or delivered to us, for Mr. Cobbett. We n-
coriesponding numbers, in England, with the ad- quest, that all letters containing- orders for books to
«lition of notes; but chi'flyot' mutter from the samel "be imported, or containing coHirminieation.s to IM4-
pen, wholly new, sent out from England in manu-\ Cobbett, may be forwarded to us free of postage.
script. The form of the publication is large octavo,
the paper is of the best quality, and the printing
executed in the best manner. The series of num-
bers will form a volume at the end of six months,
and will be regularly paged for that purpose, with
a title page and index furnished. The retail price
K 25 cents each num|j«r, with an allowance of 8,
postage,
1IEXUY COBBETT,
G. S. OLD FIELD.
,/Vo. 19, Wall-street,
e have received the first number of Co&V/rV
Register, published at New-York, as proposed aixA '•
— but Have not <ime. To ngffcr it. farther i,-t pTr< •
N1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 25, 1816.
Militia oi' the United States.
Statement of the Militia of the United States, taken from the latest returns of states a*d
territories, received at the war-department.
Abstracted from the report of the adjutant and inspector-general to the president of the United States*
of March 1, 1816, and by him laid before congress on the 9th of the same month.
RANK AND FILE.
\
ci
Aggregate,
ST4TES AND TERRITORIES.
IP
c?
o
&
5
0
P
R
5i
including
""•a
3
£5
n
•
3
I
3
fT
3
to
p
officers.
3
:
Vew -Hampshire
Massachusetts
1813
1815
18,690
52,474
735
2,905
1,776
2,349
-
24,902
69,175
Vermont . . . .'*. .
1809
15,543
303
1,035
_
20,259
Rhode-Island
1814
6,645
100
193
.
8,255
Connecticut .....
1815
14,377
-
.
.
18,309
New-York
1814
72,497
3,794
3,612
.
95,026
New-Jersey
1815
29,244
788
1,636
1,041
36,966
Pennsylvania
1812
1813
94,723
6,465
246
81
1,759
116
2,686
' 32
99,414
7,448
Maryland
1811
28,123
403
1,135
32,189
•«-• "• •
1815
m
m
'm
83,847
1815
36,043
1,475
43,217
South Carolina .
1815
24,055
1,057
2,297
893
32,202
Georgia ......
1815
23,264
162
1,112
94
27,480
1815
1812
41,732
25,910
102
445
357
1,511
49,719
29,193
Ohio ......
1815
37,373
176
1,138
2,356
46,832
1815
„
„
.
.
8,768
District of Columbia
1812
2,088
-
62
.
2,252
Mississippi Territory .
Indiana Territory . . .
1812
1814
4,372
4,281
.
240
.
5,291
5,010
) 1 1 inois Territory, no return
Missouri Territory ....
1814
2,506
.
.
_
2,812
Michigan Territory
Grand total
748,566
REMARKS.
Rhode Island returns, 1 deputy-quarter-mastcr-general, 1 colonel, not included in the above.
Connecticut returns, 1 captain-general, 1 lieutenant-general, 1 commissary-general, 1 paymaster-ge-
neral, not included in the above. The return does not distinguish the different arms, and the whole
force is therefore put down to the infantry.
New-Jersey returns, 1 commander in chief, 2 deputy-quarter-masters-gencral, 4 deputy-adjutants-ge-
ncral, not included in the above.
Virginia returns, 2 division quarter-masters, 4 division inspectors, 21 brigade-majors, not included
above. The several arms are not distinguished in the return.
North-Carolina returns, 59 colonels, 9 cadets, not included in the above.
South-Carolina returns, 1 commander in chief, 1 commissary general of purchases, 1 commissary-ge-
neral of issues, 1 paymaster general, 1 surgeon-general, 1 physician-general, 1 apothecary-general, 1
waggon-master-general, 1 forage-master-general, 10 bi'igade-majors.
Georgia returns, 1 paymaster-general, 5 division-inspectors, 5 division-quarter-masters, 10 brigade-
majors, not included above.
Kentucky returns, 6 division-inspectors, 21 brigade-majors, 6 division-quarter masters.
Missouri returns, 1 inspector-general, 1 division-quarter-master, 1 judge -advocate, not included above
ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL'S OFFICE,
March 1st, 1816.
D. PARKER,
Jlitft anil insp'r gen".
NILES WEEKLY REGISTER— LAWS OF THE U. STATES.
Schedule
imports of Cotton into Liverpool, for 6 years, from
January 1, 1810, to January 1, 1816.
-00 00 00 OC 00 00
0>-*Np 03 4v Ut
to *• o> so
O "^1 00 VO
tO *-> H* 1—
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--I 03 C 00 <0 NO
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0 <O 0» C/3 00 00
OO 03 OC I— f- Or
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*.. 00 ^O P-» tO 00
l-t I-A tO NO tO
oo rfx c a> 4^
NO CT>-vI 0 00 <0
O O3 »— O -vj ~^
H- c *» a> >£• >-»
to 04*0
(— 4^ >— -^ O
2
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•— O3 tO Ci 03 O 03 00 00
OJONOCr»-sONDO4^C7» NOtO
NO to a, -^i <o co *>• 03 >-« --I >->
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OOCOtOCO OOO03O?-
I^aws of the United States.
An act providing- for cases of lost military land
warrants and discharges for faithful services.
Be it enacted by the senate andhmixe of representa-
tiaes of the United States of America, in congress as-
sembled, That when any soldier of the regular army
having obtained a military land warrant shall have-
lost, or shall hereafter lo*e the same, or the suid
warrant shall have been or may he by accident de-
stroyed, every such soldier shall, upon proof there-
of, to the satisfaction of the secretary of war, be
entitled to a patent in like manner as if the said
warrant was produced.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That in all cases
of discharges from the military service of fhe United
States of any soldier of the regular army, when it
shall appear to the satisfaction of the secretary of
war that a certificate of faithful sprvic.es has beea
omitted by the neglect of the discharging officer,
by misconstruction of the law, or by any other ne-
glect or casualty, such omission shall not prevent
the issuing of the warrant and patent as in other
cases. And when it shall be proven as aforesaid*
that auy soldier of the regular army lias lost his
discharge and certificate of faithful service, the
secretary of war shall cause such papers to be fur-
nished sacl- soldier of the regular army as will en-
title him to his land warrant and patent : Provided,
such measure be justified by the time of his enlist-
ment, the period of service, and the report of some
officer of the corps to which he was attached.
H. CLA\,
Speaker of the house of representatives
JOHNGAILLAUO,
President of the senate pro te/npore.
April 27, 1316. — APPRO VKD,
JAMES MA.DISQN.
£06
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 35, 1816.
An act for the relief Young- King1, a chief of the Se-
neca tribe of Indians.
. Be it enacted by the senate and house of representa-
tives of the United. Stales of America, in congress, as-
Sembled, That the secretary for the department of
war be, and he is hereby authorized and required,
to cause to be p.,id to Young King1, a chief of the
(Seneca tribe of Indians, quarter yearly, the sum of
fifiy dollars, amounting to the sum of two hundred
dollars per annum, during' the term of his natural
life, as a compensation for the brave and meritori-
ous services which he rendered the United Stales
in the late war with Great Britain, and as a provision
for the wound and disability winch he received in
the performance of those services.
Sec. 2. ,'And be it further enacted, That the said
sum be paid out of any money in the treasury not
otherwise appropriated.
H. CLAY,
Speaker of the hmise nf represent fitives*,
JOHN 6 A1LLAHD,
President of the senate pro tenipore.
'April 26, 1816. — API-HOVKD,
JAMES ATADISOX.
An act for the relief of the widow and children of
Charles Dolph, deceased.
Jie it enacted by the senate and house of representa-
tives of the United States of America, in congress as-
aembtrd, That the secretary of the treasury be, and
he is hereby directed to pay to the widow of Charl'es
pulph, deceased, late of Saybrook, in the state of
Connecticut, the sum of live hundred dollars, for
The use of herself and the children of the said Dolph,
(wr.o was killed during the late war with Great
Bihain, in an engagement between ji party of volun-
teers, raised in said to\v n of S,\ybrook, and the crew
of a British privateer, called the Rover,)' in consi^
deration of the capture of five British prisoners on
that occasion, which prisoners were delivered over
to the marshal of the United States for the district
of Connecticut.
Sec. 2. And be it further enavted, That the money
herein granted be paid out of any monies in the
treasury not otherwise appropriated;
H. CLAY,
Speaker of the house of representatives.
JOHN GA1LLARD,
President of the senate pro tempore.
April 26, 1816.— ArjfnovEi),
JAMES MADISON.
An act for the relief of George T. Ross, Daniel T,
Patterson, and the officers and men lately under
their command.
Me it, enacted by the senate and house of representa-
tives vf the. United States nf America, in congress as-
sembled, That so much of the nett pi oceeds of ihe for-
feinires and ])cnalties, not exceeding fifty thousand
dollars, as has accrued to tlie United States by the
condemnation and j-ale of the vessels and their car-
goes, which were taken near the island of Barataria,
on the western coast of Louisiana, on the sixteenth
day of September, one thousand eight hundred
and fourteen, by a land and naval force under the
command of col. George T. Ross and captain Daniel
D. Patterson, and which were condemned and si Id
fcy order of the district court of the United States
for the Orleans district, for violation of laws of the
United States, and. the same is hereby given up and
relinquished in f ivor of the said George T. Ross,
and Daniel T. Patterson, and of their officers and
men, for their zeal, activity and courage, in captur-
ing the same. And the secretary of the treasury
'is hereby authorized to pay to the said George
r!V Ross and Daniel T. Patterson, the amount of
the said nett proceeds of the said sales, not. ey- .
ceeding fifty thousand dollars, out of any money in
the treasury, not otherwise appropriated", to be dis-
tributed among the land and naval forces employed
in the capture of the said vessels, in such propor-
tions, and under such regulations, as the secreta-
ries of war and navy, with the approbation of the
president, sjiall prescribe and determine.
H. CLAY,
Speaker of the house of representative?.
JOHN GAILLARD,
President of tlie senate pro tt/npore.
April 27, 1816.-— Approval!,'
JAMES MADISON.
An act concerning- the annual sum appropriated
fojr arming and equipping the militia.
Jie it enacted by the senate and house of representa-
tives of the United States of America, in congress as-
sembled, That the annual sum of two hundred thou-
sand dollars, as appropriated for the purpose of
providing arms and military equipments for the mi-
litia, either by purchase or manufacture, according
to the act of the twenty-third of April, one thou-
sand eight hundred and eight, entitled "An act
making provision for arming and equipping the
whole body of the militia of the United States,"
shall be paid for each year, respectively, out of any
monies in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the sum ap-
propriated to be piud as aforesaid, shall be applied
for the purpose, and according to the intention spe-
cified in said act, without being liable at any time
to be carried to the account of the surplus fund. —
And nothing in the act of the third of March, one
thousand eight hundred and nine, entitled "An act
further to amend the several acts for the establish-
ment and regulation of the treasury, war and navy
departments," shall be construed to authorize the
transferring of the. sum annually appropriated as
aforesaid, or any portion thereof, to any other branch
of expenditure.
H. CLAY,
Speaker of the house of representatives.
JOHN GA1LLARD,
President of the senate pro tenipore.
April 27, 1816.— 'AriMiovED,
JAMES MADISON.
An act for reducing the duties on licenses to retail-
ers of wines, spirituous liquors and foreign mer-
chandize.
lie it enacted by the senate and house of representa-
tives of the United Suites of America, in congress as-
uembhd, That from and after the thirty-first day of
December next, t)ie additional duties laid on licen-
ses to retailers of wines, spirituous liquors and fo-
reighn merchandise, by the 3d section of the act
entitled, "An act. to p'rovide additional revenues
for defraying the expenses of government and main-
taining the public credit, by laying duties on sales
at auction, and on licenses to retailers of wines,
spirituous liquors and foreign merchandize, and
for increasing the rates of postage," passed on
the twenty-third day of December, one thou-
sand eight hundred and fourteen, shall cease and
determine, and in case ot uny application for a 1U
cense to retail, between the thirtieth day of June
and the first day of January next, a license therefor
shall, agreeably to the present rates of duty, be
granted, to expire on the thirty-first day of Decem-
ber next, on paying to the collector a sum which
shall bear tlie same proportion to tlie duty for a year
by the existing rates as the time for which the li-
cense may be granted shall bear to a year; and for
neglect or failure to obtain such' license, the
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— BANK OF THE U. STATES.
____ ___ _.. .
-penalty shall be incut-red, to be recovered in like/ transferred, as they
Snanricr M for the neglect or failure to obtain a li- dent, directors and
v/cre received, to the
company of the bai.-k of the
cense under the ad, entitled "An ad laying duties 'United States, or ihcjr or«!-T.
on licenses to retailers of wines, spirituous liquors,
and foreign merchandize," passed on the second of
August, one thousand eight hundred and thirteen :
Provided, That after the first day of .January next,
no retailer of imported salt alone, whose stock in
trade shall not exceed one hundred dollars, shall
be compelled to take out a license for retailing the
same, nor be liable to any penalty or forfeiture for
Tailing to do so. II. CLAY,
Speaker of the house of representatives.
JOHN GAILLARD,
Prcnidenl of the senate pro tempore.
April 29, 1816.— Ai-raovr.i)',
JAMES MADISOX.
Bank of the United States.
fin ou- last paper we published a list of the com-
missioners named by the president of the United
States for receiving subscriptions to the national
bank. The following is a copy of the circular
letter addressed to them by the secretary of the
treasury, which, for many purposes, may be use-
ful to our readers ]
Treasury department, April 1816.
GsxTr/EMErr — You will perceive by the enclosed
cdmtflisskm, that the president of the United States
has appointed you commissioners for superintend-
ing the subscriptions towards constituting the ca-
pital of the bank of the United States, to be opened
on the first day of July next, at Philadelphia, in the
state of Pennsylvania. Several copies of the act of
congress, intitled "An act to incorporate the sub-
scribers to the bank of the United States," are now
transmitted to vou; and in the execution of your
trust, I have the honor to request particular atten-
tion to the following points.
1. The subscription books, being prepared in the
form of the annexed schedule marked A, are to be
opened on the first of July, and to continue open
every day, for the term of twenty days, exclusively
of Sundays, between the hours of ten o'clock in the
forenoon and four o'clock in the afternoon.
2. Any individual, company, corporation, or state,
may subscribe for any number of shares not exceed-
ing three thousand; and at the time of subscribing
there must be paid, upon each share, five dollars in
gold and silver coin of the United. States, or of fo-
reign coins, and twenty-five dollars more in like
5. As .soon as the fcitbscH'ption is closed, or at
least seven days after it is closed, the commission-
ers in the several states, other than Pennsylvania,
will make two transcripts, or copies, of the sub-
scription bonks; they will retain One copy then
selves; they will send the other to the secretary of
the treasury at Washington, in the district of Co-
lumbia; and they will send the original subscript. ion
book (certifying the same to be genuine) to the
commissioners ;tt Philadelphia.
6. On the receipt of the: subscript: ;'.> books from
the commissioners of the several states, you will
immediately convene; and if, upon taking an fie-
count of all the subscriptions, it appear that more
than the sum of 23,000,000 of dollars has been sub-
scribed, you will proceed to reduce the amount in
the manner directed by the act: that is to say —
(1.) The amount of the excess to be deducted
from the largest subscriptions, in such man-
ner, as that no subscription shall be reduced
in amount, while any one remains larger.
(2.) If the subscription, at any of the places De-
signated for receiving them, does not exceed
3,000 shares, the amount is not to be reduced
at such place.
(3.) If the subscription at any of the designated
places exceed 3,000 shares, it maybe reduced
to that number of shares, but not lowr.
7. Having, in the case of a redundant subscription,
reduced and apportioned the number of sh :rts, you
will, with all convenient dispatch, cause a li.it to be
apportioned, subscriptions to be made out, for each
pLc-e, and transmit it to the proper "covnmi.ssior>.er.
And thereupon you will return to the subscribers
at Philadelphia, lawfully entitled thereto, the sur-
plus of tlie deposit of coin and funded debt, beyond
what is necessary to complete 1'ne payments fo?
the number of shares apportioned to them respec-
tively.
8. In case of the aggregate amount of the stitv
scription, at all the" design at -.id places, shall not
amount to 28,000,000 of dollar.';, the subscriptions
to complete that sum are to remain open' at Phila-
delphia, under your supenntendanc.-.-; and the sub-
scriptions may then be made by any individual,
company or corporation, for any r.umbcr of shares,
not exceeding the deficient ammsv.t.
9. As soon as the sum of 8,400,000 dollars, in
coin and funded debt, shall have been actually re-
coin, or in funded debt. The value ut which the fa- ceived on account of subscription to the c.tpilaf of
reign coins, and, also at which the funded deb;, ! the bank (exclusive of the sM!>:.:cripf.iv:i of the Uni-
«hall be received, are specified in the third section ted States) you will give 'notice thereof in. at least
of the act. two newspapers, printed in each of the places d •
3. Each subscriber must deliver to the commis- *ig-nated for receiving subscriptions; and you will
sipners, at the time of subscribing-, certificates of; at the same time ami j:i like rnunncr, no'ifv a time
funded debt, to the amount of the first instalment! and place within the citv.ot" Philadelphia, at the
of the funded debt, together with a power of at tor- distance of at least thirty d.tvs from the time of
ney in the form of the annexed schedule marked 13.
And the commissioners will thereupon give.i receipt
in the form of the annexed schedule marked C.
4. The commissioners will inclose each subscriber's j be made, in the
deposit of coin and funded debt in a separate en- ! congress; that is to say:
velope, to be sealed, and to be labelled with the
.name of the subscriber. They will place the whole
amount of deposits of coin imd funded debt, in a
secure chest, having at least two locks of different
construction; the keys whereuf to be separately kepi
by different commissioners. And they will lodge the
chest in the vault of some bank, or in some other
place of secure and safe keeping, so that the same
,^nd its contents shall be specifically delivered and
such notification, for proceeding to the election of
twenty directors, who are to be chosen by the stock-
holders, at which time and place, the election shall
mariner prescribed by the act of
(1.) The number of votes shall be m a specifier:
proportion to the number of shares held bv
the voter; but no voter is entitled to a greatet-
number than 30 votes.
Ul.T.K XVI.
(2.) No stockholder, unless he be n cilizen of the*
United Stales, can vote in the choice of di-.
rectors.
208
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY a?, 1815
ni'LT; i.
(3.) Stockholders actual h ,i the United
States,, and none oilierj may voi e by proxy.
.. 11.
(4.) None but a stockholder, a resident citizen o,
the United States, can be :•* di ccxor.
T have the honor to enclose a copy of the circu-
lar which has been addressed to the other commis-
bio'-K-iv-., for your information.
I am, very respectfully, gentlemen, your most
obedient servant, A. .1. DALLAS,
Secretary of the Treasury.
i Jones,
Hffjihcii Oi
' . t'/Jer,
CudrjiiUader Evmis, jun Philadelphia.
The schedules referred to in the preceding let-
ters, are in the following form:
SCHEDULE A.
Form of the sitbscription book.
m>
m
•- s
?!
SCHEDULE B.
Form of the pinver to transfix $/<••
Know all men by these presents, i.hut 1 , of
the state of , :> subscriber for
of the capital of the U.>nk of the United S'-iu-s, do
hereby rnMhfirize t.nd empower and —,
or a in ;jorily ofthe>n, commissioners for si:
tending the subscriptions at , in tlv,
of , in' person, or by substitute, to trans-
fer, in due form of law, the funded debt whereof
the certificates are hereunto annexed to the presi-
dent, directors and company of the Hank of the Uni-
ted States, as soon as the bank be organized: .Pro-
vided ii'-ivciiist that if, in consequence of the appor-
tio:i:m--nt of the shares in the capital of the said
bank among five subscribers, in the manner by law
directed, the said funded debt shall be of a greater
amount than shall be necessary to complete the pay-
TIK-"|S of the funded debt portion for the shares to
be apportioned, only so much of the funded debt
feha'l be transferred by virtue of the power and
authority hereby given, as shall be necessary
to complete such payments. Witness my hand and
,;s duv of , 1816.
Scaled anil delivered ?
in the presence of 5
N. B. — The warding of the power must
ed, when necessary, to meet the cases of subscrip
tion bv companies, corporations or states. And the
parties should acknowledge the execution of t!
power before a magistrate, who will certify the
same under his hand and seal, in the usual form,
SCHEDULE C.
Form of the commissioners' receipt.
Received this day of July, 1816, —
the sum of in coin, and the sum of
jn funded debt, being the amount of the first instal-
ment on — shares subscribed to the capital oi
the Ba;ik of the United States; to be disposed of ^
the law provides.
SCHEDULE D.
Form of a proxy.
I, , being a stockholder in the Bank of tlift
United States, a citizen of the United States actu-
ally resident therein, to wit, at in the state oi
, do hereby nominate, constitute and appoint
of , as and for my attorney and agent, to
vote as my proxy at the first election of directors,
to be hokien in pursuance of the act of congress en-
titled "An act to incorporate the subscribers to
the Bank of the United States," according to the
number of shares for which I should be then enti-
tled to vote, were I then personally present. Wit-
ness my hand and seal this day of , 1816.
8<ailed and deliver ad ^
in the presence of 5
N. B. The wording of the proxy should be chang-
ed to meet the case of companies, corporations,
and states. And the execution of the proxy should
be acknowledged before a magistrate, who will
certify it, under hand and seal, in the usual form.
A Proclamation
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
Whereas by the act entitled "'An act granting boiiij-
tie -, ia land and extra pay to certain Canadian volun-
teer:-," passed the 5th Marc!], 1816, it was enacted
thai the locations of the land warrants of the said
volunteers should "be subject to such regulations,
as to priority of choice and manner of location, as
the president of the United States shall direct:"
Wherefore, I JAMKS MADISON, president of the
United States,in conformity with the provisions of the
act before recited, do hereby make known, that the
land warrants of the said Canadian volunteers may
he located agreeably to the said act, at the land of-
fices at Vincennes, or JefUTsonvilk, in the Indiana
territory, on the first Monday in June next, with the
registers of the said land offices; that the warrantees
may, in person or by their attornies, or other legal
representatives, in (he presence of the register and
receiver of the said land district, draw lots for the
priority of location, and that, should any of the war-
rants not appear for location on that day, they may
be located afterwards, according to their priority of
presentation: the locations in the district of Vincen-
nes to be made at Vincennes, and the locations in
the district of Jeil'ersonville to be made at Jefferson-
ville.
(iiven under my hand the first day of May, om,
thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
JAMES MADISON
By the president, >
JOSIAH ME I (.53,
Commissioner of t/ic y,';i\j)'al laud offlc/'
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-LKGI3LATURE OP CONNECTICUT g()9
Legislature of Connecticut.
5 GOVERNOR'S SPEECH.
4>eiUlenunioftfie council— Mr. Speaker,
Jlml zentkmfn of the house of representative*.
Soon itfter the close of the last session, measures
prosperity so greatly depends is still subjected to
many restraints, arising principally from the colonial
systems of other governments. AYliilst \ve '-ej'TCU
that negociation has been unsuccessful in removing
these embarrassments we may rejoice that the
listinguished bravery of an American squadron has
were adopted to carry into effect the act then passed j relieved a valuable branch of our trade from future
•cfor forming and conductingthe military force of the depredation. — It is apprehended that the act for
*tate." The time which has since elapsed lias been
occupied in obtaining a more perfect return o, the
miU- ia than we have heretofore possessed— in raising
and fo'-ming the various select corps, and in other
arrangements preparatory to the reorganization con-
templated by the legislature. From the progress
already made it is expected the system may be
completed at no distant day.— I should do injustice
to my own feelings were I not to acknowledge in
terms of warm approbation the able assistance which ,
lias hitherto been cheerfully afforded me by officers
of every grade whom I have had occasion either to
consult or to employ. It has also yielded me sensi-
ble pleasure to observe the laudable spirit displayed
, c»_ n •*.:_ «£• 4-1-, ^ ^.A',! > f 10 orw.l innumprmif.
equalizing the duties of our foreign and domesti
tonnage and the eff ct it has received from die
convention lately concluded with Oe.vt Britain may
operate injuriously to the navigating interests of
tlie union. I am far from bciieviiig tlxat the measure
originated in views hostile to those interests.
Jlut
when it is considered that the discriminating duties
were imposed at an early period of the government,
and avowedly for the purpose of encouraging our
own navigation, that afterwards and until checked
by other causes the American tonnage increased
w-:t'i unexampled rapidity, and that I he overture
was accepted by the British government without
any apparent sense of a sacrifice on its part, v.
by my fellow-citizens of the militia, and in numerous some reason to conclude that the apprehensions f i.'is
instances by those who were not the subjects of j entertained are not wholly groundless. Those, who
military duty, in tendering their services for the indulge fears of this kind, should nevertheless re-
different corps, and in facilitating the execution fleet that the convention is limited to a short
duration. If evil consequences shall be found to
have resulted from the experiment, we are to
sti\;: "'ly felt by some ©f .-our earliest and best i presume a remedy will be provided. An extended
of other reforms. This disposition is the more to
be valued as it appears to flow from a conviction,
patriots, that a well regulated militia is the peculiar
safeguard of a republic, without which it could hard-
ly hope to preserve for an> great length of time, even
the forms of freedom.
It is obvious, gentlemen, that militia duty, from
the nature of the institution, falls upon the members
navigation, the source of wealth and school for
seamen must unquestionably become a favorite ob-
ject in the future policy of the United States.
At the request of the governor of North Carolina-
I lay before you certain resolutions adopted by the
legislature of that state proposing amendments of
of'ihe community with an unequal pressure. Hence the national constitution relative to the mode of
the general assembly have heretofore perceived choosing representatives in congress, and of ap-
tue ustice of rantin the citizen soldier certain pointing electors of president and vice president
tue ju
immunities as a partial compensation for his sacri-
fices. I would respectfully invite you to consider
whether a principle so equitable in itself should not
le, -.' you to the adoption of some further provision
•in relation to this object.
The changes consequent upon a sudden termina-
tion of the late war could not fail to produce an
of the United' States,. The same propositions a?
ded by the legislature of
modified and recommen
Massachusetts, are likewise submitted by desire of
the executive of that commonwealth. They will
be accompanied by resolutions of the legislatures
of the states of Rhode-Island and Oh
expressing;
their disagreement to the proposed amendments.
The several communications will undoubtedly re-
impression unfavorable to our infant manufacturing
establishments. A few of these establishments are ceive your deliberate attention,
indeed placed beyond the reach of foreign com-] The account of expences incurred by the
petition; whilst in others, affected by that corn-
capitals have been invested to such an
petition
amount as that the public interest seems to have
become in some measure identified with the fortunes
of the individual adventurers. The enterprising
spirit of our citizens may in these instances have
carried them too far : but not farther, it is believed,
than the necessities of the nation and the measures
of its government appeared at the time to justify.
The national councils have therefore with manifest
propriety been called upon to uphold and encourage
these important interests; and it is gratifying to
perceive that the appeal has not been in vain. To
their justice and
magnitude should
munificence concerns of this
be referred. — The
respective
state governments, however, by moderate bounties
or by particular exemptions from public burdens,
may do much towards promoting and extending
manufactures in private families; especially thot,e
manufactures which are naturally combined with
AIT improved state of husbandry. — You will allow
me gentlemen, to suggest the subject for your
consideration, as connected in an eminent degree
not only with individual wealth, but with the power
and resources of the state and the real independence
of the country.
during- the late war, I am informed, is now i-t.<dr
:o be presented at the national treasury, and it wii'i
DC with the legislature to designate a suitable ageiR
for that purpose. Some delay in preparing the de-
mand for a final liquidation appears to have arisen
Torn the dispersed situation of many claimants, :uu'
Uie difficulties thence resulting of collecting Un-
necessary vouchers. From the moderate amount
of the expenditures compared with the services
rendered and from the honorable character of tho:-c
ervices, there can be no reasonable doubt of at;
early and satisfactory adjustment.
I shall not detain you, geiulemcn, by a particular-
reference to other subjects. That enlightened /.eai
for the welfare of the commonwealth which has
ever distinguished the proceedings of the general
spicuous
persuaded will be equally con
the present session. — Vv'e have th?
happines to assemble at a period of g-eneral tran-
quillity throughout the civilized world. The favora-
ble season thus afforded by a merciful Frovitler.ee,
it is to be hoped, will be employed in improving-
the moral and political condition of men, iu esta-
blishing the intercourse of nations upon a just and
durable basis, and in whatever may prevent a renew-
al of those scenes of horror which have recently
Pur commerce, upon which the revival of public overspread some of the finest portions of the globe,
MLES- WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, MAY 25, 18J6.
Our own country, as well as the nations of Europe, .feelings — the wily orator poured all the strength of
has a deep interest in the prevalence of these dis-jhis mind through that subtle cjhuhnaVati
positions : and however limited may be our sphere
of action or of influence, I trust we shall cordially
unite id giving- effect to a course so replete with
bles^ines to mankind.
JOHN COTTON SMITH.
General assembly, May session, 1816,
Mr. Dexter.
From the Federal Republican. "NVc received by
the mail of yesterday, the melancholy intelligence
of the death of the honorable Samuel Dexter, the
ments, the eloquence and th
were, gone, before the jury \vc.e sensible oJ
change themselves. Every man of the jur
from his seat with a firm cor: vie. ion tV.at DeXtei
was not an orator, for he had the c
persuade them that he w:is not, und they ciisrv
ed, utterly discredited, tlie evidence of their
senses.
He never snatched a verdict from the hr.n
the jury; it wns tendered to his acceptance. &n<
prominent point in his eloquence \vas, thut he
either adopt a close or wide range of ;u*guuv:
democratic candidate for the office of governor of suited his purpose. If a precedent was fa-.
Massachusetts. The sudden departure of a man who
"filled so large a share in his country's eye," is cal-
culated to admonish us, how comparatively trifling
tire the honors of this world, when set in opposition
to that awful change that awaits us in the mklst of
this turbulent career. He is now removed from the
dusty region of political contest, alike insensible to
censure or to panegyric.
The eloquence of this eminent orator possessed a
native, and to us, an irresistible charm. It was an
eloquence modelled on the subject which he had
undertaken to- illustrate, explain or to enforce.
Where cool, dispassionate and luminous argument
was required, the orator was cool, dispassionate and
luminous. He arrested attention in the first place
by his ealm and collected manner, and having once
taken us captive by his powerful spells, he led us
through all the intricate mazes of his argument,
with so familiar a hand, that he seemed rather to
/follow us, than to be the guide of our footsteps;
wherever pathos was required, our bosoms were
taken by storm, before we were apprised of the
assault. Recovering from his powerful shock, \ve
found ourselves accompanying this enchanter on
the plain even ground of argument again, who seem-
ed to be utterly unconscious of the might which he
had so recently put forth, or more properly to per-
suade us that he himself had no agency in all this
transaction. He made his audir-nce believe, while he
chained them to their seats, that he was no orator;
that it was not the orator, but the client who was
telling "a plain and unvarnished tale." While we
saw, and felt, and breathed the atmosphere of his
genius, we were insensible of it, but by the effects
which it wrought upon our senses. He displayed no
unnatural warmth; there was no rising above, or
falling below the subject; no turbulent violence o
manner. He enchained our reasoning faculties in
the first instance, and then with those powerful aux
to the cause of his client, it possessed a soft of
sanctity not to be r.pproached without awe; it was
the safeguard of property and of right, and the jury
were warned not to touch the consecrated landmark.
f the precedent was unfavorable, then the reason.
>f the thing came in phxy; general principles were
irged with all the force of his eloquence, to which
this solitary precedent was hostile; this stain on the
t-scutcheon of justice, which the jury were implored
o wipe away. The mind of Dexter never .staggered
inder a mass of unwieldy and cumberous raetaphots:
f illustration was required — the metaphor arose
suddenly, sparkled upou us and y/inished. There
was no exhibition of the brilliant in different .lights
—the orator caught the beam that flashed <
ipon the subject; and while we gazed, the i
was gone. His sarcasms were full to the point,
iliaries he
so assaultec
pproached
1, to surrei
the heart that seemed, when
surrender at discretion. His lan-
mpendious and terrible : the wound was reeking
CO
before we
the glitter of the sword.
State of Rome.
guage was remarkable for its elegant and perspicu-
ous simplicity, over which his slow and deliberate
enunciation gave him absolute command. Whatever
the subject was, he always had the happy address
to persuade his audience^ that they were perfectly
at home/ AVe now recollect an anecdote that will
serve to explain the peculiar character of the ora-
tor's eloquence. The adverse counsel had persuaded
FIUW THE JOURNAL OF AN ENGLISH THAYrLLEK r
— -Alas !— Rude fragments now
Lie seatter'd where the shapely column stood;
Her palaces are dust!
Rome> June 10, 1£13.
I was at Rome in the year 1791; the city then con-
tained 160,000 inhabitants, the luxuries in equip:>.gt-
and liveries was considerable; in many of the great
houses the foreigner met with a hospitable reception,
and every thing indicated a great and opulent capital.
entered the city this time by the same road, and
instead of carriages, was met by droves of oxen,
goats and half wild horses, driven along by black-
eyed herdsmen, armed with long pikes, and muffled
up in their cloaks; they looked like Tartars. The
dust raised by the cattle filled U>e air. These,
herdsmen with their charge, seek every evening,
within the walls, a refuge from the pestii
atmosphere of the environs. They take possession
of the quarters and palaces which are abandoned to
them by the population, in proportion as it dimi-
nishes, and is crowded together with tint unwhole-
some air into the centre of the city. The Porta
Popuili, theTrinstiberine quarter, and those of the
Quirinal and the Mountain of the Trinity, are already
deserted by their inhabitants, and country people
have settled in them. The population of Rome is
reduced to 100,000 souls, and this number includes
the jury again and again to be upon their guard i more than 40,000 vinedressers, herds-men and gar-
against the artful wiles of his antagonist, and Mr. jdeners. Extensive districts of the city arc trans-
formed into villages, and are occupied by rustics,
driven by the insalubrity of the atmosphere from
their former dwellings. Such a prodigious depo-
pulation in the short space of twenty two years, is
even if he had tiie wish, to impose on their judg- 1 almost unprecedented. The political events of that
ments, and the apparent sincerity and simplicity i period have doubtless contributed much to its
of his manne? won the confidence of the jury. At- j diminution; but the principal cause must be sought
»..LT this preparatory lodgement was made in their [in the general relation of Rome, and in the effects
Dexter rose in reply, under all the disadvantages
which these suspicions excited. He began by in-
forming the jury he had no pretensions to eloquence.
They would imd him, lie said, a plain man, incapable,
N1LES' WKEKLY REGISTER— FOREIGN ARTICLES.
£11
£>f its rioxious atmosphere. This scourge is every c- aivation — for the sale of its wW<? produce will
year making fresh encroachments; every year ovep-laot pay the reduced rents, taxes and tylhes — some
spreads streets, places and quarters, and every year; parishes are nearly deserted, while the jails and
its baneful influence must augment; because it acts poor-houses are overflowing with new tenants. It
in in inverse ratio to the assistance opposed by the \ would seem that the nation is really incoi1 |
population. The fewer the inhabitants, ;he great eri to meet the requisitions of government, even though
the number of vic.ims; and every funeral is the avail! jits entire labor was directed to the service of th6
of many more. That period therefore, is
.probably not fur distant, when Ihis queen of cities
wilt be completely shorn of her splendour, ancl.noth-
ing be left of her but that glorious name, which time
cannot destroy. The traveller will then find at
Home, as he no\v does at Voitera, nought but a
vast collection of monuments, palaces and ruins
of every age. The marks of near approaching
destruction are impressed upon every part of Rome.
As there are many more houses than inhabitants, no
person thinks of repairing- his own — if it become:
.ruinous, he seeks another elsewhere; to mend a
door, &.c. would be deemed labour thrown away —
they tumble down, and as they fall are left lying-.
In this manner, numbers of convents are now trajws
•formed into ruinous shells; many palaces are become
uninhabited, and no one takes the trouble even \o
secure their doors. This abandonment, this Tartar
.population filling the streets with their <".nie, alre.,
dy present striking characteristics of decay ;-nd ruin.
" Amid this neglect of the private buildings, a
strong anxiety for the preservation of such remains!
of antiquity as time has spared, is observable. The
•government are carrying on works upon an extensive
plan, according to which all those which ure partly set, no less than six />nn fired exchequer writs have;
covered with rubbish, are to be cleared, and to bej issued for the seizure of people's goods for the non-
state and church. Money has risen in value about
50 per cent, compared with the price of commodi-
ties, but the taxes, pensions, salaries, &.c. &.c. &.c.
have nearly the same nominal amount; and the pay-
ment of th e 60 or 70 millions of pounds sterling,
required for the support of government, besides
the poor rates, tvthes, &c. is more oppressive than
the pavment of double these enormous sums would
have been some time ago. AH are crying out for a
retrenchment of expenses; but the biood-suckery
who constitute the governing party, and make the
m 'joritv in parliament, are loath to begin the work
— but they must begin it, far it is Titter!:/ inipwsiWt
that the prwnt peace ostauUshntettt can he fn//j{>orte<F.
A great crisis- has arrived in England — There ne-
ver was, in my opinion, half so much reason to ex-
oect a convulsion there as at this time. The mi;ib>-
try appear sensible of it, and !iuve armed themselves
\vitii all possible means. They have an army of 2i)
or 30,000 Englishmen in Ireland, and large bodies
of f^c'-man soldiers in England, They may keej>
down ihe people, but they cannot make them p:;y the
^resent taxes for a tweiveajonth longer, for there is
not the ability to pay them. At Tauuton,\n Somer-
fconnected and grouped, that these precious relics
shall present a view at once picturesque aitd agreea-
ble.
" All the. environs of the Vatican, with the excep-
tion of the main street conducting1 to it, are like-
wise abandoned to herdsmen. I was particularly
.struck with their desolate appearance, early one
payment of taxes ! — and .BO it is all over the country.
*O that the people of this re.jmblic would duly
esteem the blessings they .enjoy !
State of fix; poor. M r. Jtitne, speaking of th e stn ' a
of the British poor, with a view to better their cou -
d;' ion, said in parliament, "it was notorious thatar-
: s and laborers, no matter what may be the!:*
morning, when I set out to visit St. Peter's. The I profits, were nf-mnvs obliged to look to the parish
sun had just risen when 1 reached the great square,! for support in time of illness."
Ihe doors of the Cathedral were still shut; profound
silence every where prevailed, except that at a
distance I he'ard the bells of die cattle returning 10
their pasture. Not a creature was to be seen, and
PAHMAMKXT. The ministers, though out-
voted on the property tax, have their usual ascen-
dancy on other questions. In their late majority in.
f.iVi>r of the present enormous peace establishment
-X arrived in the fore-court without having metjthey had only i-u-eh',' country members \\ith them;
with one human being1. The coolness of the morn-jbut they were supported by sevenlu-f-n-o members
'holding places under government — by 14- brothers
ing, and the tints of the dawn, diffused an inexpressi-
ble charm over the enchanting solitude. I beheld
or sons of persons in office, and t
ve generals
and colonels under pay — say 111. The whole of the
members who voted on the question, if I recollect
the temple, its colonades, and the sky before
and never had my mind so deeply felt the sublime
magnificence of nature, at the moment of separation i rightly, was about 230 — nearly one half of which
between day and night. were placemen, as stated iibove, besides the j>c>ti
" At length the doors of the church opened, and tinners
its bells announced the opening day, but in vain did
A body of troops, reported to be 2000 strong",
have sailed from Cadiz for Lim.i. Cireat prepara-
their sounel summon the Christian to their devotions.
Not a soul came to implore the blessing of heaven., tions are making for the nuptials of the king of
— This temple, the most splendid monument thatj Spain. Advices have been received that 8 or 9 "inii-
nhe world ever raised to the divinity; this temple ^ lions of dollars had arrived at Yern.Cnu from .Mexi-
all-eady stands in a desert; the grass grows in its|Co, under a convoy too powerful to be attacked by
• forecourts, and moss springs upon its walls. It
already relates the glory and magnificence of past
ages, and prepares to proclaim to future generations,
the genius and the piety of the times in which is was
founded:"
Foreign Articles.
The state of England. The proceedings of par-
liament and of the people at their numerous meet-
ings to petition for a relief of their burthens, exhi-
bit scenes of privation and distress without piece-
thc republicans. The report is renewed, that thero
was a conspiracy to depo.se Ferdinand — the torture
being "restored" in Spain, by the holy inquisition,
is said to have wrung the secret from several. The
king of France has issued an orclonnance for re-or-
ganizing the legion of honor, (jen. Debelle has
been sentenced to death. The king of Prussia has
eifaced, with hi;> own hand, the denomination of
grand duchy, given to certain provinces in his king-
dom— and has added, *'there is but one kingdom of
Prussia — these denpminafions announce a divi.-.Joii
too glaring, and 1 desire the un'ny in my kingdom.1
-Grcjit quantities of land are thrown out of] The celebrated Ba!<'u:.i! i\t> cm tea, \V(-['L known dur-
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 25, 1316.
ng the Flinch revolution as a member of the com
ru'ittee of public safety, banished to Cayenne wit
Collet d'Herbois in 1795, has lately arrived at New
pore, II. I. from the place of his exile.
The French police is said to maintain no less tha
32,000 spies and informers.
The taxes, legal and illegal, levied by the go
vernment of France and the police, on the news
papers of Paris, amount to the enormous sum o
1,540,000 francs per annum.
The court of the Brazils has officially intimate
its determination to the papal government not t<
allow the establishment of the Jesuits within th
Portuguese dominions.
A Paris paper of March 30, says— The gout stil
prevents his majesty from walking. He did notleav
his apartments yesterday.
SIR W. CQNGHT-.VE is superintendant of the "roy
id laboratory at Woohvich." With considerable ad
dress, he has gathered to himself the credit of th
liimous rocket which bears his name; though sucl
missiles, of the same nature and principles, were in
use in India before his great grandfather was born
It appears* by a recent report of a case before the
chancellor of England, that he has attempted the
piracy of another man's invention for the preserva
tion ef gunpowder. This is quite in character; ba-
it is not usual for Englishmen to cheat Englishmen
though thus to serve a foreigner is fair game. Ar
illustrious example may be found in the affair o;
Waterloo.
Symptoms. Whenever the national guards are
•called upon to "restore the public tranquility" in
France, which is frequently "disturbed," they al
•ways refuse to act against the people. The tri-co-
lored flag is often st- en waving in places appropriat-
ed to the white ensign. In the presence of the king,
the people shout, "vive le roi," and muttering add
•«de Rome." The cry of vive P ewpereur is also fre-
quently heard. Though there may be no reason to
hope-that this people can immediately relieve them-
selves of their chains, it appears very certain that
ihey wear them with reluctance.
Tlie protestants in France are often assaulted and
abused by mobs of royalists. But the fettered press
very seldom attends to those things. Arrests are
still very numerous. The following letter from
Pa; is, copied from the London Morning Chronicle,
is interesting:
Paris, March 11. Great inquietude exists here
eight persons out often are pursuuded that ere
long there will be a change in the government, and
though few perhaps could give detailed reasons for
•i heir opinion, every one sees that the present state
of things cannot last long. It is very difficult, how-
ever, to conjecture what would follow ; the fact is,
ihat it does not depend upon the French alone, for
they can do nothing in their present situation with-
out the aid of a foreign power. Three pretenders,
it is said, present themselves; one supported by
Auslr'n, another by Russia, and the third by Eng-
land. The object might be obtained by the first who
presents himself, as almost the whole of France
juight be rallied in his favor. It is therefore for
those powers to consider whether it is better for
Their policy tube wither against France.
The clergy arc employing all their strength to
I'osume their ancient empire, founded on the igno-
rance of the people. At the present moment, seve-
ral schools are establishing1 on the Lancastrian plan,
there exists a. congregation of women under the ti-
tle of Sisters, or Ladies of St. Joseph, devoted to
p-i'jlic instruction. This congregation adopted the
A.-VV M.-xk- of education; the Cures seeing that by
this mode the people would receive some instruc-
tion, opposed it with all their might. The Cure of
St Gervais (a parish of Paris) learning that five
persons, who wished to enter into that congregation,
had studied the Lancastrian method, refused to
give them absolution or the sacrament, and they
were obliged to renounce their projects. Ostensi-
bly, the government appears to approve of the esta-
blishment of those schools; but certainly the Cures
would not pursue such line of conduct, if they were
not sure of being supported.
RECEIPTS AXD EXPENDITURES. The French budg-
et presents a total expenditure, ordinary and ex-
:raordinary, of nearly 826 millions of francs, about
34 millions &nd a half sterling. The ways and means
consist of the ordinary direct taxes upon land, per-
sonal and moveable property, doors and windows,
md patents, to the amount of nearly nine millions
sterling; duties on registers, woods, salt, tobacco,
customs and indirect contributions, to the amount
)f '3 millions and a half sterling; the extraordina-
ry taxes are 50 per cent, additional upon the tax on
' winded property, about 3,600,0007. sterling; 75 per
ent. addition to the tax on moveable and personal
property, about 900,0007. stg.; 60 per ct. addition to
he taxes on windows and doors; 125 per ct. addition
0 the duty on patents, amounting to about 800,000/.
The ordinary expenses are the funded debt, annui-
ies and pensions, between five and six millions ster-
ing; foreign affairs 300,0001. sterl.; minister of the
nterior 600,0007.; war, nearly nine millions sterl.;
Tiarine, two millions; negoci*tions, 500,0007.; the
king's civil list 1,040,0007 sterl; and the royal fa-
nily near 340,0007. The king of France's civil list
5 entirely for the maintenance of the personal splen-
dor of the king. The king's brother, his twone-
hews, and niece, have each about 85,000/. sterling
year.
THE ZAW. Important regulation! — A Berlin jour-,
al announces, that in future, the titles of Mr. Mrs.
nd Miss, shall be suppressed in the play-bills. The
ctresses are to be designated by the title of frau
women.) For instance, in the bill announcing- the
lay of Othello, which was performed on the 3d of
larch, Dendemona is personated by woman Schrok.
Gjflt is thus that the laia is felt by everyone, and
n every thing done in regal governments. A man
an hardly transact the most common business of
fe, without feeling the restraint of his sovereign. —
ie is always watched and watching. His motions
re alway5 embarrassed and restrained, and even
is thought can scarcely be called free!
This regulation of the theatre is of no other con-
equence than to shew that royalty attempts to rule
very tiling, however contemptible it may be. What
ottld we, the people of the United States, think
f such restraints — what would we do, if compelled
1 obtain passports for liberty to visit a friend or
Ltend to business 10 or 15 miles from our domicil'
Ve hardlv exact so much of our negro slaves — but
social order is restored" and "Europe is free!"
CA.HKI. COUPS. From a London paper. — The fol-
wing cxtriiCt shews the high perfection to which
ie camel corps, commanded by major Lumsdaine,
•is been brought in the East Indies. It is a spe-
ics of troops new to our army, though they were
nployed largely in the armies of the Mogul em-
erors, and small corps of them were attached to
ic forces of the Mahratta and other Hindoo chiefs,
hey are very useful against cavalry, if they choose
>propriate situations; but can do little against hi-
nt ry.
On the 41st of last month, his lordship reviewed
ic cancel corps under the command of maj. Lunis
NILES- WEKKLV REGISTER— STEAM POWER.
213
daine at Euttyghur. The men of this corps are
armed with a musket and bayonet, and each camel
carries a two-pounder swivel. His lordship was re-
ceived on his arrival with the usual salute. The
manual and platoon exercise was then ordered; af-
ter which the camel corps wheeled into open co-
lumns of troops, and formed a column in rear of a
flank troop, and deployed into line. The corps
then formed a hollow square and dismounted. Af-
ter several discharges of musketry, the men re-
mounted, and the corps formed an ambuscade in a
Tope, and kept up a surprising fire from the swi-
vels. It then changed position, and performed se-
veral other cavalry evolutions, which gained great
applause. During the cannon salute the wad frorr
one of the swivels struck a camel on the head am
killed him. This accident occasioned some little
interruption. His lordship was much pleased witl
the appearance and performances of the corps.
LITKUATURE. — Three valuable manuscripts, of un
published works of Cicero, Summachus, and Fronto
were lately discovered in the Ambrosian library, a
Milan, which have recently been printed at the Mi
Ian royal press. A copy of each of them has been
just received from Italy, by E. J. Curtiss, esq. am
they are supposed to be the first which have reachec
England. These manuscripts are of high antiquity
not later than the sixth century. Fronto was per
ceptor to the emperor M. Antoninus.
Ji great monarch. In the Journal de Commerc
of March 12, we read, that his majesty, Louis th
Great, has deigned to sign a contract of marriag
between Mons. de Molere and Mademoiselle d
Chateigner, the minister of war holding the pen! —
What an exertion!
The Liverpool Advertiser gives a list of person
to whom lady Penrhyn, in her will, left her estate
To Mrs. Furey, who had been her companion fift
years, 10,OOOZ" — to others large sums, and to he
groom, butler, coachman, footman, housekeeper
maids, &c. from 3 to 900/. each; to Ann Lough, he
own servant, 900^. and her wardrobe, an annuity o
1001. for life, an annuity of 40/. per annum fur etic
cf her three pii/g dogs during their lives, the said An
Lough to have the care of them; to her groom
John Capper, 800/. with the care of /horses and
dogs — for each horse 451. per annum, and for eac
dog 25/.
London, Jlpril 1. — A curious circumstance occu
yed in Paris on the 20th instant, the anniversary
the day of Bonaparte's re-entry into the metropoli
There was a brisk gale, and the tohitejfag was blow
from the top of the Thuilleries. A report instant
spread that the Bourbons had again taken fight, anc
all eyes were on the stretch in hopes of seeing tl
tri-colored flag hoisted in its stead. Disappomte
in this expectation, the Parisians contented them
selves with the idea, that the fall of the virile jl
on that important day was at least a happy omen.
A letter from Madrid states, that Ferdinand V
ordered his council of the Indies to present him
report on the slave trade, and to give his rn:ije:»
their opinion on that subject. Shortly afier the cou
cil complied with the king's order, and made a \
ry luminous report, urging, in xhe most energet
terms, the necessity of immediately abolishing
The king, it is said, was tighly pleased with the i
port of the council, and it is believed that this mo
unchristian-like traffic will be immediatjdv pr<
bited.
confirmed the conviction, with a remark from
lordship that it was done under a sweeping clause,
e noble lord has taken out sixteen licences. It
pears that his lordship has an estate of four thou-
nd acres which produce nothing but the twigs of
lich brooms are made; the brooms are said tJ>
>rod'uce his lordship Z.2000 per annum.
London, Feb. 11. — Information having recen
been laid against the servants of lord Erskine, w
•hawk brooms about the iov\n in cal'ts; and the n
gistrate at Bow-stree% aftec several hearings, h
Steam Power.
From the National TntelUgencer.
TO MEMBERS OF CONGRESS.
About forty-two years ago, as early as the year^
"73, while an apprentice, about eighteen years of
•<., I was arduously engaged in search of a power
at I might effectively apply to propel land carria-
es on smooth roads, and I then discovered the prin-
ples of my Columbian Steam Engine ; and soon
ter I matured my invention to apply it to carriages
id boats. But when John Fitch commenced build-
a steam boat, about the ye;;r 17S6, I supposed
m to be the original, and yielded to him the ap-
lication of steam to propel boats, and endeavored
y arguments to convince him of the superiority of
try principle of a steam engine, and to use paddle
wheels, such as are noto used, instead of his paddles; .
1 repeatedly petitioned the legislatures of the
tates, and finally the congress of the United States,
or the encouragement which was absolutely neces-
^ry, viz; for protection in my right for a sufficient
ength of time, to enable me to induce some per-
ons who had money, to take a part of my patent,
nd join me in the enterprize, and supply me with
noney to put the discovery in useful operation ; for
was not able to bear the expense. But fourteen
ears was all that was granted, and I could induce
o one to take any part, or supply me with money,,
nd my discovery laid dormant until 1802.
I have spent a long life, with great labor and
conomy, struggling with the many difficulties that
pposed my invention, (for strange .is it may appear^
11 the steam engineers, and the learned in the
jrinciples of ste;mi engines, with few exceptions,
opposed il to ihe very last;) and now having passed
lie age of sixty veurs, and my health having rapidly
leclined of late, it appears too iate for me to hope
o enjoy the gratification of seeing my country bc-
icfited by the use of my great and most valuable
liscovcrv ; and after the good people have been
deprived of the benefits, for forty-two years, it is
ust now beginning to surmount all ^obstacles and
difficulties that opposed its introduction, owing
principally, to' a most fortunate application of one
of my Columbian Steam Engines, to raise water
100 feet, to supply the citizens of Philadelphia ;
nd to work along-side of one of Watts' best Eng-
ish steam engines, in the same building, applied.
:o the same purpose, where a fair comparison can
made of the power of each, and of the fuel
consumed, simplicity of the structure, durability
of parts, &c. ; where I hope all those, who, through
self-interested motives, have opposed this useful
invention, ~?ill confess tlieir sins, -said the injury they
have done this country, and solicit forgiveness from
its citizens — on those conditions, (although I have
been the greatest sufferer) I will grant them mine1.
Ic was with the greatest difficulty 1 got a contract
.o make an engine that should raise 3,500,000 gal-
lons 100 feet in 24 hours, at less than half the price
that the Engslish engine would cost, although not
intend d to Y:>ise more t!. an 2,000,000 gallons, 100
feei in the sume time. 1 however stipulated, that
if ITW engine should prove «\»f?icient. in pov/er t«j
214 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 25, 1816.
rais.e 4,000,000 gallons, I should be paid in proper ;tion, under a patent for 14 years only ? \\
tion for the last 500,000 g-allons. is notorious that the inventor suffers loss by the 1 .
It appears that, notwithstanding- the resistance the
water meets, in passing- through the rising- pipe, is
such as to require 4 or 500 Ibs. more of power than
we supposed ,- and , more than it will he when pro-
perly arranged; yet when the engine is in proper
order, and the boilers get tight by use, and with
good dry fuel, it will revolve with its full load, from
20 to 40 times in a minute, raising- 106 gallons each
revolution, making front 3,025,800 to 6, 106,600 gal-
lons in 24 hours. But then in case of raising the
double quantity, another rising pipe would be re-
quired, of equal size with the present one, or the
velocity in the one would be doubled, which would
quadruple the instant resistance, an,d octuple it any
given time, requiring 8 times the power to over-
come it. Double the size of the pump and pipe,
and this engine will
6,000,000 gallons ; or it
Avould grind and bolt 100 bushels grain per hour,
jriake 500 barrels flowr in 24 hours, or s.aw 25,000
feet of boards.
1 have ever been convinced that this principle,
properly applied to propel boats, would render all
other application useless, because the engine is
Hindi lighter, requiring only half the fuel, and finally
be worth millions annually 'to my country; and 1 was
zealously engaged in the year 1812, intending to ex-
pend all monies arising from my patent for my im-
provements in the manufacture of flour, to get this
rny great discovery applied to different purposes,
and had began a steam boat at Pittsburg, at my
own expence, to get that application proved, and
had expended about 6000 dollars, calculating to
have it running in three months; when I was attack-
ed by Eiisha Tyson, of Baltimore, and the ground-
less pretensions of Jonathan Ellicot, aided by others,
who made such misrepresentations before congress,
and published them in pamphlets and news-papers
Hie in endless litigations ever since with the flour
millers, who, being deceived by those publications,
term.
6. What will the annual amount of the benefits f
when my Columbian engine shall be applied to w i
many thousands of mills, manufactories, cau'ia;<;
on rail way or smooth roads, boats on the gr r
Atlantic and Western waters, raising the value f
western lands 50 per cent — by lessening the ti .
of going to market, tantamount to shortenin
distance; can any one calculate within one i.
of dollars?
7. Can the public interest be promoted, or a ri t
of a citizen be guarded, by withholding the proi -
tion needed; dooming inventors to poverty for h:i\ $
expended their time and labor to make disc/'
and to contempt during life, because they do t
put them in operation, which it is morally impc -
ble for them to do; and to malice and "envy, r
attempting to exceed common capacities; or t t
they should descend to their graves and carry tl r
discoveries down with them; and I should d'esc 1
with the rest, with the knowledge of several
and useful inventions as ever were discovered, w! i
have never bee* in operation5 The expense b( g-
too great to be borne by any individual, the re t
of long study and intense mental labor, and e
hole be lost, excepting what 1 have been abk o
communicate to mv children or to others; or at 1 .t
to lay dormant for fifty or one hundred years Ion •,
for it can never promote the interest of them or y
one by expending 10,000 dollars to put ci'.he »f
them or the most useful discovery in operation i-
cler a patent for 14 \ears.
These or such questions, deliberate!
will incline the minds of vhe members to s
the true policy of granting the whole time in
first grant, that is intended ever to be granted, :-
cept in the most extraordinary cases) not h
distributed and circulated 'throughout the United j 28 years, which is not as good here as 14-
btates, as to dry up all my resources, and engaged 'England. And thus place the inventor a!
malice and envy of the enemies that his inven ~e
talent raises against him, enabling him to p
refused to pay for the use of my patented improve-
ments, which, they had adopted; so that I was
forced to abandon my steam boat to the depreda-
tions of time and the weather which has destroyed
it. Thus the good people were deprived of the'be-
nefits so much longer ; and I have suffered great
loss by those ungrateful millers who had become
rich by the use of my inventions. 50,000 dollars
would have been a sum too small to have establish-
ed all the works and machinery necessarv to make
tliose engines, and sell them without profit, and to
wait their being proved by use, before they should
l>e paid for, in order to get the iinprqvem'cnt into
uje rapidly. 1 therefore humbly beg of each mem-
ber of congress seriously to investigate this subject,
at'.d answer to himself the following questions , viz.
1. Why was not the prayer of my petitions grant-
• cd i3
2. Did 1 ever pray for a monopoly of any thing that
-lii'd ever existed before 1 dnicovered it ? Can a
aid, promptly to put liis discovery in operation >r
the public benefit, and to receive ample rernur a-
tion while he may live to enjoy it.
'OLlVEll EVAX
Philadelphia, Jpril, 1816.
Religious Liberty.
From the Cork JMercttntite . I
THE FKIKNDS OF UELIGIOUS I.! HURT* 1
The following correspondence must exci
warmest sentiments of satisfaction in the br
every real friend to religious and civil iibc
every country:
To Daniel CP Council, Mwri 'in -square, J)jJ>/i
Lishiirn, 12tli mo. U
DKAR ynn:xn — T have great satisfaction in ( n-
municating to thee the annexed resolution « a
Belfast, on thellthiust It \
a I meeting held in
patent be for a monopoly r can congress grant a mo- just tribute to thy honorable firmness and
the cause of civil and religious liberty, w!
ter a close attention, I have always found to be in
played in thy public conduct, as well as in the •:•
vate correspondence with which tliou hast oce.o i-
ally favoved me. I am, with sincere
truly, JOHN" HA
At a meeting of the friends of religious and .'H
liberty, held in the meeting-house of the
j. Or is it supposed thut men who have money Dissenting Congregation in Belfast, the lr
an be induced to nsk it, to put new things in opera- 1 cember 1815. Rev. Koasar ALISON in tV dr. -
nopoly ? If not,
o. On what grounds of good policy, has uiy coun-
try :;nd myself been deprived of the benefits of my
^•ri-at discovery for 42 years?
4. Is it possible for an inventor, without a dollar
to spare, to risk arid expend 50,000, 30,000, 10,000,
"$>!• even J,000 dollars to put his inventions in opera-
.fan
THE WEEKLY REGISTER— CHRONICLE.
•slv That the thanks of this ,cond in command of the royalists, Cxpmanij rf-
to Daniel O'Connell, esq. as cruited his troops in Mompox, and -returaed to at-
• -:--- *~ .'
be returned .. _
the first in Ireland to call public attention tc
the persecution of prolestants in France, at a meet-
if i-je Catholic Association in Dublin— thus
evincing that in the honorable pursuit of catholic
cipation, and protection from the hostility of
Oran-e outrages, he only sought for himself, and Ins
feliov/ catholics, that liberty which he was equally
ready to grant to others.
TO JOtt.Y HAXCOCK, W*\. LISBON.
MirriuD-s'i'tiak-f, December 20, 1815.
Mr DEAR sin— The »er in which you
have tran.v.niucd 10 me LJji'e vote of "the friends of
civil and religious liberty in BeUk^.," demands my
sir.CL-.-e thanks. I AP/I I : oi' that vote. It
is a rich reward; iiiMniteiy'b", '•;>;! the value of my
poor exertions in the sacred cause of liberty and
conscience.
1 hiive ever sought for catholic emancipation on
hat principle,
principle, and as matter of : '.
if established, would be equally useful to the pro-
tesiar.t i.\ France ; .-•' io the catholic in
Ireland. It is ^'pri ' •• would leave con-
science free and u ' in every country— and
wiihoui, which :-eu: ' ,1, in my opinion, ex
ist in any couutiv
As a catiioiic.'l vaa b<,unu not only by the genu-
ine precep ts iou, .but by 1 1'- e glorious ex-
ampi<- .,, to be the first, in my hum
fcle s]. i iiui oppose the persecution
of prdtes
TJ , L- : , after the reformation, esta-
>f conscience, was a Roman
tack Ocane,but with no better success. This oblige.
Morillo to abandon that route, and to order thai
they should advance to the south.
The right wing of the flying army of Morillo,
during the siege of Carthagena, obtained the occu-
pation of the north of Nechi, which opens the cn-
to the rich province of Antiogtmj but on
ipproachmg the city of Zaragossa, tlie inhabitants
set fire to their habitations, and retired to l^os Re-
medios: the royalists advanced, and, in the am-
bushes and difficult passages, were completely
routed; almost all remaining- upon the field, with
the exception of the few that escaped to relate the
disaster. The republicans took more than 600 mus-
kets, with all the"
military stores
caused him to raise a new for®e, composed of the
peasantry of the state of Carthagena, amounting to
fifteen hundred, who were forced to enlist against
their inclination.*
Tlie southern road proving also bad, he changed
his route to enter by way of Zimity, which is the
middle read. The royalists met with no resistance,
lieir baggage, mountain artillery and
. This news alarmed Morillo, mid
for the patriots, the inhabitants of Ziisuty, fied to
the mountains. Fifteen men were let': by the royal-
ists there, us a guard, and they proceeded up the Rio
Grande de la Magdalena, to march by St. Bartolo-
me, to L;>s Remedios, to avenge their grievance,
but the experienced say, that the difficulties are
much greater in this route than any other. As soon
as the inhabitants of Zimity knew of the small
guard left, without support, they rushed from the
o — *J — j
'•laryLiiicl, in America. I lie mountains, surprised and put them to the sword,
on! ;-.dern days, which has grunt- (in the interim, brigadier Morales, with the for re 9
, . -.: T.cipalion to a religion I newly raised in Carthagena, hearing tlie fute of the
n,is i!ie Roman catholic govern-[guard of Zimity, entered that place and butchered
mei,: • - -\hich the protcstauts have 11500 people, ofd men, women and children, all that
been in oin tlly euaahsipated'. were to be found; on their part, the inhabitants o"f
i-cry Denomination, i^et v*s nope 11 the intimatk>n that Morillo made to the gov
be allowed at length to worship his Creator, accora- g.eneerai Of Nevv Grenada, they replied in energelir.
jng
to the dictates of his conscience, without the
impious interference of penal laws — that bigotry
^tnd persecution may be banished from amongst na-
tions boasting of Christianity and civilization.
I have tlie honor to be, my dear sir, very faithful-
ly, your obliged servant,
DANIEL O'COXNELL.
CHRONICLE.
MORILLO'S ARMY.
A7'.-5-,7ftw, C J<;r,-< (lica _) Jprit 2.— By the vessols ar-
rived from xhe Main, the following particulars of the
operations of the expedition, under the command
of Morillo, have transpired in spite of the mystery
in which the government conceals all its operations.
The city of Carthagena having been occupied, he
began to fit out the expedition destined for the in-
terior of Grenadar .but, to war and hunger, disease
followed; tiie Carthaginian troops under his coiu-
manel were attacked by the small pox, and the Eu-
ropeans with -dysentery, of which 'many died, al-
though they were- removed to Turbaco, which re
larded much tjte -progress of the expedition. In the
mean while aqcousits were received, that obliged
him to hasten his advance. In the month of January,
brigadier Forms attacked colonel Santandcr, a re-
' publican chief, in Ocane, but was repulsed with the
lo.sd of almost all iiii troops, and was obliged to
Ve treat to tiie pvo-vi:ic'c' of Sartto ?»Iartha» The se-
terms, that "if lie was able to enter the city of Car-
thagena, he will not enter the interior of the king-
dom, for they are resolved 10 defend, themselves, by
all the advantageous positions of mountains, rivers^
and inaccessible places."
SocTtt-AMBRICji, — Kingston, (~ J:\rn. j '^/»ri! 4. — It'y
accounts received in this city fVorn Panama, we
learn that admiral Brown, with the in.suvgent squr«-
dron from Buenos A\res, had doubled Cape Horn,
and got into the South sf.a, where they made seve-
ral valuable prizes from Spain, on board of one ut
which the new governor of Guyaquil was a passen-
ger. Browii then proceeded on the l~th of February
off Pulia, and after forcing- the batter; v». which cU-»
fend the t-iitrancc of the river, left his hes.vy vessels
and went, up for the purpose of bombarding Guya-
quil, but his vessel got ashore on the 18th, and lie
was made a prisoner. It was however said he ^vu-i
Lo be exchanged for tlie governor.
insert' thj? preceding! article 1o say we dis-
credit it. We have atwtiys' undersiooU that t>
r/tiil was iu the hands of :'.;(' patriptsof AVw ("/'c.
da, and believe it is still so. It is a % ei-y ai.roii^
nlace — almost as strong as '.
the fall of the latter, o
mportanc
republicans, as being tiieir only sea-port. If it hud
Vv~a:> this a
TsILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MAY 25, 1816.
captured bv 'lu- royalists we think we must
heard of it, "being1 an event of great importance
to both parties.
Wiiilt en this subject it may be well to correct
\vb:it , • rror. "Admiral Brown" so
rallc-d, we arc told by a gentleman who has aright
'iv,'. has with liim only two privateers, a ship
and a-brif.;-— and hi.-? expedition is stated to be alto-
r 0:1 a pMVate account.
MONK? MATTEL-;. '!"'•
REG.
g articles are from
•he Ii>,Ftor. C^niin^l. V. e shall have ''another sort
ut'talk"' a ht.;le wl.ile henca —
'IVo ineihodist r/i'i'ic'i'TK were lately robbed of
their poclcet-books, coil ainir.g very considerable
sums in bar.k notes, while attending the funeral of
the v*---':er: L'ie bishop Asbt'.ry, at Baltimore. As
the: ^ were pi-obal.-ly southern fng notry, the charge
cannot l,..y ..gainst ti:. <-vs of having1 dis-
obeyed the :::ju;,ci : !. cipher gold,
nor b
">•;. -'firm throughout the U.
St.T:-?;" s;:ys tin '.si. But. the secretary
oft;:c treasury hold : •loihcr language. While he
iioi.cs for all duties col-
i.i JV&o /;/:»•.•'••,/,•<•/, he permits the debtors in
rn stat< - to discharge theirs
jn r> '.icii is depreciated 10 per cent be-
lov; . ;. It h assencd that the treasu-
ry o," : States has nearly two millions of
papier fog in it.- vaults,; at. this moment. Yet all this
is p. '• -red. [Call another Hartford con-
ventiou
:*:.nk. of Virginia has recently re-
in specie from the fioston
banks. M"iiey will seek its abode where the pro-
pei\y is tr> command it.
Was/iing'ton 74. — This elegant vessel arrived off
•'go from lioston, bearing- com.
Chan d pendant, to carry out Mr. Pink-
ne-.' ;."d l:i.-> fainilv ami suit to Naples. The Wash-
ing.;'.!, like the Independence, most happily unites
; v vi-.h force. She works easily and sails ad-
itilr. ,!)',v. I: li;ss been confidently said by those
. -incnt commands entire respect, that
ships in the -world to be compared with
/ih our new frigates; and they are all fit-
l in t'h-e most perfect and seaman-like manner.
Ti.e president of the United States and his lady
— ' he .'secretary of the navy ^ with commodores Rod"-
,ci Porter, r ; i.inguishedpcrsoragcs,
'.';.<• \v,'asiii,'gtoa on Tuesday last.
ias i-lhcj been visited by hundreds of people
Itultimore and the parts adjacent; who all
sp' >;c in the warmest terms of the polite attentions
of c Dinraodore Chauncc.y and his officers, and highly
1 i he order, regularity and neat ness of the ship
und her gallant crew, consisting of about 600 young
iind active Amci-ican seamen.
Kuroj^e has ships much larger than our 74's — but.
it is not supposed possible that any ship ever built,
or to be built, will capture one of them, barring ac-
ri 'c-i-.ls. T!ir l>i.f of striped hunting is nailed to the
muni Aeaa' against aciy thing like an equality of force.
AiTAin AT POUT MAHON. We have had several
vumors about an unfortunate affair which occurred
itf. Port Mahon, Minorca. The following, from an
Alexandria paper is the most particular account of
it that we have seen :
C';ii>tciu J\t'-K>.ifflit, of fti
Brothers fietum,
/i tin politely favored its ivitlt. the following letter, \i-hich
lie received idiile in ^Marseilles:
M*nsKiLT.Es, March 8, 1816
By the most respectable authority we have just
received the account of the wanton outrage commit
ted by the troops of the Spanish garrison upon some
of the officers and men belonging to the United
States' fleet, stationed at Port Mahon, Island of M--
norca.
It appears from the regulations of the Spanish
garrison on the island, that the patrol e had orders
to take up all seamen who were found in the streets
after the beating of the evening retreat. Some of
the men belonging1 to the fleet, that were going-
down to their boats, had been arrested, and were
met by their officers who solicited the officer of
the guard to release them, which he was disposed to
do, but his insubordinate men obstinately persisted
in retaining them — in the dispute the "sailors at-
tempted to extricate themselves by force, when the
guard drew back a few paces and wantonly fired a
volley upon the defenceless officers and men ; who,
in their turn, rushed upon their adversaries and af-
ter a severe conflict succeeded in disarming part
of the guard and putting the rest to flight. Two
lieutenants were killed on the spot and many of the
American party were wounded. The wanton cruelty
of the act, done by men that never signalized them-
selves but in the persecution of truth, justice and
liberty, naturally incensed the brave bosoms of those
that possess those qualities in so eminent a degree,
and it is owing only to the prompt and prudentmea-
ures of the gallant commodore that most of the
garrison of the Island of Minorca were not number-
ed with their canonized saints.
The French lieut. gen. Henry L'JIttemand, came
passenger in the brig Flora, from Hamburg, arrived
it Philadelphia.
(ien. Jackson arrived at New-Orleans on the 23d
lit, He was received with great enthusiasm. He
reviewed the troops stationed there, and finding
.hem in an unhealthy state, had ordered them to
he banks of the Alabama river.
The president has appointed maj. DAXIEL HUGHES,
ate of the United Slates army, factor for the Uai-
.ecl States, at fort Hawkins.
Mr. Holman has purchased a lot of ground m
Richmond, for the erection of a theatre, to be com-
pleted as soon as possible.
The governor's fiardcn, as it is called, which was
lirected to be sold by an act of the last assembly,
was actually sold on Wednesday last, for more than
§50,000. The whole garden is but one acre.
Bellville, the seat of Mr. John Bell, near this ci-
ty, containing about twenty acres, and, perhaps, the
uost elegant house in Virginia, was yesterday sold
for 59,000 dollars.-—/tic/i«i0»u/ Enquirer.
ll'esl Indies. The insurrection at Barbadoes, is
officially stated to be suppressed, with the loss of
only tvro or three lives, on the part of the inhabi-
tants. Several of the ringleaders had been execut-
ed, and "trials and punishments in the most exem-
plary stile were going on against the offenders." —
The 'extent of the damage done by them is not gi-
ven.
We have had a report of an insurrection also at
St. Vincents, saying that the insurgents possessed
the whole island, except the fortifications. This is
hardly probable — accounts fttom. that island as late
as the 24th ult. have been received, which make no
mention of it.
Buffalo, Maij 14. SHIP NEWS.— On Saturday last
3 schooners made their appearance off our harbor, at
the distance of 7 or 8 miles; but in consequence of
the vast body of ice with which it is yet blockaded,
they were unable to get in. They came to anchor
under Point Abino. We understand they are
Detroit.
NIL B 8' WE BK L Y REG 1 STKH..
No. 14 OP VOL. X.]
BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1816.
[WHOLE NO.
Hate oKin meminisse juvabit. — YIKGIL.
FRIXTEU AND PUBLISHED HY H. NII.tr,, AT THE HEAD OF CHKAPSIDE, AT g5 PKU ANNUM,
dj'A pamphlet has appeared entitled "Exposition
i>f 'natives for opposing- the nomination^ oj James Jlfon-
roefor the office of president of the United States." —
)t is said, to be designed "to justify the conduct of
the fifty-four "democratic members who opposed the
nomination'* of that gentleman in the late caucus at
Washington. If the article were not anonymous it
wouldjxrff course, have a place in the WEEKLY Ri:<ns-
-i sit, as belonging- to the political history of our times;
rents rising 100 to 150 per cent. Many Louses seem
rver-filled with people, jammed together, «eve
•al families in a house.
one half of the front of
In very numerous cases,
house' fetches more mo-
ley than the whole house rented for before the war.
Indeed, there appears to have been a madness in
this, which, however, is regulating- itself. "We have
twenty-seven houses appropriated to public wor-
ship, one of which was built during1 the war, v<ml
Baltimore.
We are proud that our city has received the ap-
plause of the republic ; bufprouder to believe that
our people have deserved it. The blot on our
escutcheon, the regret of every good man, foul
enough in itself and sufficiently to be lamented
without the embellishments it received from par-
ty malignity and wanton romance, we trust has
been effaced by the many civic and social virtues —
the ardent courage and magnificent liberality of
our citizens, and their local government. AVelt
may it be said of these —
" When hope was sinking in dismay,
"When glooms obsured Columbia's day,"
that they breasted the rude shock of war, in their
persons, and as freely lavished their treasures, as
well to sustain the general government "at its ut-,
most need," as to supply all the various wants and
requirements of the city and its citizens, severely
pressed by an enemy maddened with deadly hate
.sgainst.it and" them — an enemy that, for reasons un-
necessary to mention, had marked us for the par-
ticular object of Ins vengeance — that boasted he
"would lay our city in ashes, after giving it up for
three dVys to the lust of a bestial soldiery. We
may forgive, but we cannot forget these thing's. TV or
ought we to forget them, though the 'imagination
sickens with horror at the idea of what would lave
take place if GOD had not been on our side, and
this place had fallen a prey to the "devil and his
angels."
We have already noticed the most of the public
acts of Baltimore. History has engraven them on
her pillars more lasting than brass. But it will af-
ford pleasure to many to learn what is doing in a pri-
vate way, as well as to be informed of the general
state of things with us ; for we flatter ourselves
that we have many friends in the United States,
from Plattsburg to JVeie Orleans !
It was calculated, that, for a considerable time
after the peace, our population increased at the rate
of about 800 per month— and the present inhabi-
tants of Baltimore cannot be much less than 58,
perhaps as high as 60,000, souls. Many of the emi-
grants are from the eastern states, who freely ex-
press their astonishment at the liberal opinions and
friendly conduct of this people, "I have been here
three months," said one of these to me* "and no
man has asked me what my politics were." — "That
' could not have been the case three days where I
came from," added he. Our city is as quiet as any
of its size in the world — much quieter than some
where "order" is so much talked of. We have had
a great tearing do-am of houses, it is true — but they
have be^en replaced by new and elegant buildings,
and stores have multiplied bevond all calculation,
1 X.
ship, one of ..... _ ....... - ----- — 0
two others building. Some of these are large and
costly edifices. Among the public improvements^
that of the city spring may be mentioned with ap-
plause — it is. chaste and elegant, and eminently use-
Hi!, pouring out a great quantity of the purest avni
most wholesome water,and convenient to alarge and
rapidly increasing population We are erecting the
first stately column fcb honor the memory of the Fa-
ther of his co?mjry,and making all reasonable progress
to finish it. To those who died to defend oiir city, the
Fascial monument is rearing — rnwch having been done
for their relicts. But of the works going1 on, the
Exchange deserves particular notice. It will be a
vast building', nearly in the middle of the city, sup1-
posed to require about 3,000,000 bricks, besides
stone, to erect it. It is designed to concentrate main"
of the public offices within its spacious walls, to
give facility to business : But it will take three or
four years to finish this great edifice. Our new
court house is, perhaps, equal to any thing of th<?
kind in the world — being very extensive as well as
convenient, with fire-proof rooms for the differ-
ent departments 'of the county affairs-- Among
other things, we may mention that Fort JVf( ftenry hn ?
received some interesting- and important improve-
ments and additions, and lias no\v something else
besides gallant hearts to resist the bombs of ;t
•pwardly enemy, not daring t« come within rench of
its cannon and take a
In all part* o
city new building's have been erected, rind the spi-
rit of improvement extends to every thing.
In common with other towns on the sea-board, we
feel the depression of commerce, and suffer the dif-
ficulties attending on a stagnation of trade. Bit, per-
haps, not more, if so much, as other cities, though/
in general, the exchange seems against us, through
the liberality and care of our monied institu ions ;
.vhich heretofore, in a time of regular business,
were among the ablest to meet their engagement.--:
and will be so again under like circumstances. A
few years ago, one or two of our banks had moiv
specie than all ihe banks of Massachusetts, iateh-
boasting of their cash, and they will have as muc>i
a little while hence, or like causes will fail to pro-
duce like effects. The present are "dull times"— but
it seems to be so all over the world ; and if we have
less than a fair share of its miseries, we certjiinlv
have especial reason to be thankful to that Pro-
vidence which has covered and protected us on
,ny trying occasions; which has caused this young
city to outstrip all competition, and ri-.e so rnpidlv
in population, wealth and importance. We have ma-
ny men not above the middle age, who have hunted
arid killed wild ducks and rabbits in places whic'x
now are, apparently, among theoidest parts of the
city. The natural advantages of Balthnoug ar*
great, and our people seem to have the wisdom ••••
make the'most of them that they OHM
218
KILES* WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1816.
Original Anecdotes.
AUTHENTIC SOtWCF.S.
Two gallant American officers, who had been
severely'wounded and made prisoners some short
time before the attack upon J\i'e~i" Orleans, were
incessantly intruded upon by some of the British
officers in" the fleet; who, regardless of their situa-
tion and without any respect for the gallantry our
.clone; and he no sooner ascertained that great and
good man than he again called out lustily for "pro-
tection!" The general had no leisure to be bother-
ed with him, and ordered him to be taken away and
put into confinement. "Put me where yon plase,
your honor, so that you don't put me where they
[the English] can get me again— pray give me pro-
tection!" "Why do you ask protection?" said one
present — "Vou came to fight against us." "So I did,
present
countrymen had so recently displayed, were in the j your honor— but on niy soul I did not — plase to ex-
constant habit of bestowing opprobrious epithets on amme my caTtouch box, and graciously put your
the American character, :.nd of ridiculing the pre- little finger into my gun." — The box was full, and
sident and general Jackson and the forces under his the gun was perfectly cleun! From these and other
command. It was several times suggested to them, j circumstances, he was thought fairly to come un-
that tire then condition of our officers was not fitted |cjer the character of a deserter, and was told that
for such remarks, being wounded men and prisoners
but the hint had no effect. It happened one clay*
after they had brushed away Jackson and his ragga-
rnuifins ("in idea) by the bayonet ("for they should
forever despise themselves if they fired a. gun at
him!") they were anxious to learn the best houses
for quarters at J\*e~;v- Orleans — who were the richest
he was in a free country, and, as soon as prudence
allowed, should have liberty to take care of him-
self, as well as he could. "Cod bless your honor for
it"_snid he— "that's the very thing I wanted to do
for many a year!" and withdrew. He has establish-
ed himself in one of the little towns on our western
waters, where he keeps a small shop, and enjoys his
men, and where lived the prettiest girls, boasting | freedom with great gratitude and glee,
of the sports they would have, ^with "booty and
beauty" J in very indecent ami indecorous terms-
one of our officers looking the chief speaker fully in
the face, said— "There are m:uiy pretty girls in
New-Orleans — but at the side of each you will find
something which I have good reason to suppose may
"be a great rarity to T/OZ/." "What is that?" "A GKN-
TU:.MAN'." The fellow who so well deserved this re-
buke, soon cared little for all the fine things h'e
would have cnioyod, for his head was shot off in one
of the attacks"ou the lines below the city.
During the night of the 7th Jan. 1814, gen. Jack-
.<•'/'/, ever on the watch against enemies within as
v ell as enemies without, took measures to ascertain
j*' all that should be under his command were then
at their posts. One man, a Spaniard, was found to
be missing. As the general felt certain that the
Spaniard could not have got off towards New-Or-
leans, he concluded he had gone to the enemy, pro-
bably according to contract, to give them informa-
tion of his preparations to receive them, and acted
accordingly — making some considerable alterations
in his plan. Tire British. came on, and were dealt
•with as every one knows. Three days after they
Jiad retired, the wretched Spaniard was found hang-
ing- on a tree! — the enemy supposed he had deceiv-
ed them, and they executed him for telling them
the truth and serving them faithfully! Verily, he
got his rewai'd.
Tax on Distilled Spirits.
A LAW CASE.
[Reported for the Democratic Press.]
May
The important question involved in the cases de-
pending in the district court of Pennsylvania, now
in session in this city against a number of the distil-
lers of Lancaster county, after considerable progress
had been made, one of the trials \vas settled yester-
day, in constquence of an intimation from the judge,
that the defendant's ground was untenable, upon
which they very properly abandoned it, without
further effort to withhold payment of the duties as
claimed by the United States
The ground taken was, that the distiller is not
liable to pay duty on the quantity of spirituous
liquors he distils and sells, but on the proportion
of alcohol or deplegmated spirits contained in that
quantity of spirituous liquor, separating the water
from the alcohol,* and excluding all but the pure
spirit from the account in estimating the duties to
be paid. In other words, that though the liquor
composed of water and alcohol be sold as so much
spirits, yet it is not the law that it should be taxed
as such.
It will be perceived at once to what an immense
amount (many millions a year) such a construction
involves the public revenue, external as well inter-
nal: and it is matter of general interest that the
Some time after the British had retired from ourjfirst attempt has ended to establish it, has termin-
lines, on the ever memorable 8th of January, the^ted, as this appears to have done, in the confirma-
Tennesseeans, who were employed in bringing in -• - ~* <*•- - .........
the wounded of the enemy, observed a man to rise
up out of a heap ef what they supposed to be dead
"bodies, who immediately hailed them, and demand-
ed "protection." lie was ordered to come forward —
\vhich he said he would do 33 soon as he gathered
up his tilings, &.s. He was unhurt, except by being
frequently trampled upon by different bodies of the
advancing and retiring troops, and had with him all
his military accoutrements in complete order. Be-
ing asked how he got there, what he wanted, &c. he
paid, "That when he found they were all lying down,
he thought it best to go down along with them? — and
he had two good rasons for that— ^-if he stood up,
lie would have been kilt; or, if not kilt, lie might
liave been taken back to the fleet — toeither of which
}ie had very particular objections!" "When he had
jinished his story, he most earnestly requested to be
•carried before general Judmn, wlljpk -was- finally
tion of the tax, and the satisfaction of those, who,,
under erroneous impressions, had resisted its
payment.
Sheep Wool.
From a Boston paper.— Mr. Z. Hayden, the great
dealer in American wool and mamrfactnres, in a
paper addressed to the Massachusetts Agricultural
Society and published in the Agricultural Reposi-
tory, investigates the causes of the great instability
in the sale of American wool— stating them to be a
want of uniformity in preparing it for market— bad
washing— not washing at all, and the rleec'e rolled*
up with taglocks, manure, &c. adhering to it— de-
ceptions as to the grades, &c. 8cc. ;'s*that the Ame-
^ rican manufacture?, inexperience.d as lie is, cannot
ie judge of the real quality, often finds himself dc-
v ccivcH in hi? purchase, and is led to prefer buying
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— STEAM ENGINES.
219
lJ»e imported Spanish wool, which is so prepared
ih at they can know its real value. For these disad-
vantages he proposes the following- remedy :
"1 should propose that ,un uniform method of
preparing- sheep for shearing, and packing- up the
wool for market, should be recommended to the
wool growers, under the sanction of the Massachu-
setts Agricultural Society, through the medium of
the public newspapers. This method, in order that
it may be generally adopted, should be too simple
to be inconvenient; it might be as follows: — Wash
the sheep in as warm water as can conveniently be
liad, (always avoiding that which is salt or brackish)
as clean as practicable; after which, let them run in
We place the' f.tcts before the people and th
government to the end, that measures nviy be adopt'
ed by the government, to prevent such a fraud being
committed on the people.
Stearn Engines.
FROM THE AUHOTIA.
"We understand Mr. David Heath, jun. of Xew-
Jersey, has discovered a new era in the economy of
steam engines applied to land, as well as water
carriage.
His invention consists of an entire new applica-
a clean pasture from seven to ten days, as circum- tio» of Principles in the construction of the boiler
in a!01" evaporator, which rapidly generates a very high
stances will admit, for the purpose of renewing
sr.iall degree the yolk or grease, winch is alike ne-
cessary to the preservation of the wool, and the '
further cleansing it when- necessary- Dm-ing- the
time of shearing, cautiously avoid barn litter and
other dirt. After carefully separating from the
fleece all. tag-locks and manure, wind it up as tight
as possible with the skin side inward. After which it
would be well to put it into a clean, dry apartment
for a week or more, for the purpose of drying- be-
fore packing- it for market. The most convenient
bags may made of tow cloths, of from 7.8 to 4-4
wide, of three breadths each, from 2 to 2 1-4 yards
in length.
Should this method go into general practice, it
would, I conceive, by rendering it much less diffi-
oultto determine the" value of American wool, be a
great step towards putting it upon a fair competi-
tion with that imported, and cause a more regular
demand. It would also be in suitable order for the
operation of stapling, a pre-requisite to a proper
inspection."
American Manufactures.
Prom th" Democratic Press. — That the home manu-
facture of the arms and munitions of war necessary
to the defence of our homes, ought to be encouraged
in. preference to all other manufactures is an in-
disputable truth. It has been so felt by every in-
telligent man in the community,, and it lias been
by tlie government and its agents acted upon for
many years. It is an essential required by the
cemmissary general of purchases,, that the articles
purchased shall be "of American manufacture."
The government of the continent of Europe acticg
jipon a, different and most unwise principle, have
for many years received a large portion of their
subsidies from England in army supplies, clothing-,
temperature or expansibility of steam, without the
employment of condensation; and dispensing en-
tirely with tine use of the fiy -wheel, and lever bcftrn.
An engine of a four horse power, charged w'r.li
fuel, may be comprised in the space appropriated
to the baggage of a stage; and may be lifted on and
off the carriage by four men with the greatest ease;
which carriage he can drive by experiment at the
rate of fifteen miles per hour, on the bare road,
without the use of rail ways, being regulated to
ascend and descend hills with uniform velocity, and
the greatest safety.
This gentleman is now engaged in the construc-
tion of an engine calculated to drive a boat from
this, up the Delaware to Easton, and' overcome the"
rapids above tide water: which, in some place*,
exceed the rate of twenty miles per hour. However
novel and strange this project, may appear, there is
but little doubt of its succeeding to the greatest
Satisfaction. As this experiment 'willfully elucidate
and bring to public view, a phenomenon of infinite
advantage to the prosperity of the countay, we will,
therefore, forbear entering- into a detailed explana-
tion of its important powers: in order that its uses
may be first sufficiently known, to require an inte-
resting demonstration of its principles.
IMPORTANT MECHANICAL IMPROVEMENT,
THE NEW-YORK t Ol.rilHIAX.
We understand that a Mr. Curtis, of Massachtt-
setts, has invented and constructed a steam eiii^ine,
(for which he has obtained a patent) which in tl e
material qualities of that import-", nt machine is vastly
superior to those of Watt and Bolton, Evans, or ar.y
subsequent constructor. The improvement rtf Mr.
Curtis consists in the extreme simplicity of the
machinery, arid the savkig of fuel .in its operation.
The engine is composed .only of a cylinder contain-
&c. The consequence has been what might j ing a shaft -wheel with valves, without a fiy wheel
ably have been expected, such • manufactories oth
reasonably have been expected, such • manufactories other appendage, and is kept in motion twenty -four
have almost perished on the continent, and Great i hours bv one cord rf wood, furnishing a power which
Britain is more than erer the workshop *of Europe. | on the principle of Watt and Bolton would requiie
We are led to these observations from a fact which ten cords : the expense of erecting it being- less
has within a few hours come to our knowledge.
gun smith in this city is about to contract or has
contracted with government for 100,000 muskets
than five thousand dollars,. while others of the sanve
powqr cost twice that amount.
One of these engines is in operation in Messrs
and bayonets, of a certain •quality &o. at a price } A. and N. Brown's saw-mill, at Manhattan Island.
much higher than the .same quality &c. could be j where it has been viewed and examined by several
imported from Europe and delivered here. The i scientific and other respectable characters, wiiii
reason is obviously to foster our own manufacture j general satisfaction. After encountering a long se-
of arms : but this object will be utterly defeated, \ ries of difficulties, Mr. Curtis has at length attained
and the bounty paid to encourage American manu-
factures, will answer no other purpose than to
enrich an individual, at the expence of the public,
if that individual bo permitted to send to Europe
and import the LOCKS, the BAKHKLS and BAYONETS,
and having put them together be allowed, to pa«;:
them off as AMERICAN Mrp;>rrs-.
complete success in bis undertaking and has estab-
lished a manufactory in Baltimore, and contemplates1
another in this city, thus achieving a desideratum in
steam enginery, a complete rotary motion without
a fly wheel or balance^ an »bject of long and arduous
research in Europe, of tije greatest advantage to tl»«r
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1816,
Duties and Drawbacks.
Letter from the secretary of the treasury, transmitting! pursuant to a permanent order of the house of reprt^
sentatives, of 3d March, 1797, a statement of the amount of duties and drawbacks on goods, wares and
•Merchandize, imported into the United States, and exported therefrom, during the years 1812, 1813 and 1814
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, December 27th, 1815.
Sin — In obedience to the permanent order of the house of representatives of the 3d of March, 1797V
I- have the honor to transmit a statement exhibiting the amount of duties and drawbacks on goods, wares
and merchandise, imported into the United States, and exported therefrom, during the years 1812, 181?
and 1814.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, sir, your obedient servant,
A. J. DALLAS.
The honorable the speaker of the house of representatives.
STATEMENT,
•Exhibiting the amount of drawback payable on sundry articles exported from the United States, during
the years 1812, 1813 and 1814, compared with the amount of duties collected on the same respectively.
1812.
1813.
1814.
|
. O
D
f
|
i5
SPECIES OF MERCHANDIZE.
8*
cr
w
cr
1'
cr
>-j
%
^
5
o
0
pr
0
R-
rt>
o
7?
o
P
2.
3
2.
1
1
i
8-
pi
v>
?T
:
n"
n"
On merchandise at 15 per cent, ad valorem
do. 274 do.
654,808
4,094,997
111,958
2,714
6,306
1,653,634
2,622
16,456
214
1,255,002
1,982
do. l?l do.
176,766
18,966
572
470
119
.
do. 321 clo.
1,416,681
498
365,352
2,215
272,596
.
do. 22$ dw.
11,435
286
6
10
.
_
do. 42J do.
46,358
.
13,725
.
56,159
.
Wines— Madeira
113,256
3,951
16,986
974
1,329
.
Burgundy, Champaign, Etc.
936
.
1,632
100
511
.
Sherry and St. Lucar
15,325
.
65,889
599
93
.
Claret, in bottles
13,128
1,447
18,609
2,954
5,819
.
Lisbon, Oporto, &c.
45,583
1,787
16,199
-
8,578
.
. Teneriffe, Fayal, 8tc.
284,235
8,912
94,393
60
50,351
-
All other, in casks
221,146
39,685
201,241
47,224
120,094
,. 661
Spirits — Foreign distilled, from grain
24,704
m
694
611
25,085
.
other materials
Domestic distill ed-^-domestic produce
1,510,810
173
3,755
649,960
15
18,635
318,136
69
1,665
molasses
79
.
.
.
_
.
Molasses
463,495
_
366,452
96
324,336
.
Beer, Ale and Porter
7,472
.
1,902
39
2,225
.
Teas — Bohea . . . .
23,066
2,199
.
35
4,199
.
Suchong ....
79,198
54,208
44,039
44
30,058
-
Hyson ....;.
186,768
13,668
59,137
96
46,465
-
Other green .
448y479
7,030
125,715
-
75,920
• -
Coffee . . .
1,801,952
668,554
1,251,305
279,131
692,255
15,760
Cocoa . . . . . . . :-
38,287
7,464
9,498
4,470
11,642
821
Chocolate .
30
.
37
-
33
.
•Sugar — Brown, clayed or otherwise
White, clayed or powdered .
2,135,297
420,780
173,430
243,603
1,647,640
368,781
45,859
111,720
1,000,105
139,284
Loaf, or candy
33
.
366
-
353
.
Other refined and lump . . »
.
.
53
-
52
.
\lmonds .......
10,857
1,269
12,319
2,743
114
L'ruits — Currants . . . .
6,051
.
1,619
1,105
.
Prunes and plums
952
.
3,722
1,646
-
Figs . . . . .
5,552
193
3,325
-
529
-
Raisins, in jars and boxes .
10,269
519
41,902
.
9,336
.
all other .
7,024
242
24,744
8,414
.
Candles — Tallow
214
292
1,167
-
1,194
.
Wax, or Spermaceti . . .
636
100
87
" 139
53
-
Cheese .
2,246
45
2,201
491
3,833
.
Soap . . . t .
14,308
4,600
1,059
3,314
2,480
142
Tallow .......
11,593
- -
10,544
2,397
•
^ Amount carried forward
14,304,97^
1,371,375
7,082,827
538,364
4,474,812
21,145
N1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER— DUTIES AND DRAWBACKS. 221
STATEMENT continued
SPECIES Of MEHCHASDIZE.
1812.
1813
1814.
Duties received....
Drawback payable
Duties received....
Drawback payable
Duties received....
Drawback payable
Amount brought foniard
Spices — Mace
14,304,979
3,231
967
217
25,909
101,465
9,453
14,042
834
96
70,209
67,677
52Q
288
3,755
354
13,660
10,412
30,284
1,986
5,629
10
1,071
488
47,731
20,832
55
13,972
2,313
324
14,138
25,889
5,048
27
1,371,375
7,642
6,900
3,109
6,263
78,393
1,148
3,241
18
32,670
14,469
*•
175
681
85
5,902
960
526
7,500
7,082,827
733
714
848
6.889
65,724
4,302
.3,379
358
86
112,426
61,471
9
18,120
252
3,962
.7,53:
3,773
8,272!
462
376
51
2,689
571
17,053
J,376
7
408
1,691
6,876
11,683
538,364
648
16,908
1,529
"379
97
16,046
134
1,010
168
4,474,812
387
15
c\
2,077
2,229
302
252
48
35,558
8,842
259
239
2,364
19
4,912
7,964
^,144
52
15,343
31
353
-6,503
1,977
116
1,655
188
514
13,86o
21,145
1,527
28/
2,551
Cloves
Pepper ......
Cassia
Tobacco, (manuf 'd other than snuff & segars)
Snuff . . . . . . . .
fndigo . . .
Cotton . . . . .
Powder — Hair
Gun
Glue .
Pewter, plates and dishes
Iron — Anchors and sheet ....
Slit and hoop .
Nails . . . . . , .
Spikes ........
Quicksilver . ' .
Paints — Ochre, yellow in oil .
dry yellow
Spanish brown, .
White and red lead
Lead and manufactures of lead
Seines
Cordage — Tarred ....
Untarred .
Cables
Steel .
tfemp
Twine and packthread ....
Glauber salts .
Salt .
3,953
92
2,529
3,899
730
239
2,006
2,463
10,802
16,395
393
226
2,621
1,704
92
185.
2,430
189
632
1,767
27
564
17
75,822
2,555
19,348
2,236
2,030
4,097
1,044
• 9,647
7,529
363
1,557
98
3,653
13
2,798
364
208
Coal
Malt . . . .
9,886
1
9,096
1,380
103
333
3,656
18,301
28,676
89
1,168
Fish-'-Dried or smoked .
Pickled—Salmon ....
Mackarel
All other ....
Glass — Black quart bottles
Window . . . . . .
Segars
Boots .
682
1,456
2,64 1;
2
58
222
28
Shoes and Slippers — Silk ....
All other
Cards — Wool and cotton ....
Playing .
TOTAL . .
14,874,090
1,542.623
7,473,253
580,328
4,720,400
26,082
TREASURY DEPARTMENT,
REGISTER'S O*TICJE, December 27, 1815.
•,.: . :. JOSEPH NOURSE, Register^
222
N1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, JUKE 1, 1816.
,, TT . ] Cf nalties, as prescribed by the laws of the said ter~
OL the united Otcllcb. ritofy, regulating election* tlwrcin for membew of
\.N ACT, To enable the people of the Indiana ter- the house of representatives.
" ntory,to form a constitution and state govern- Sec. 4. And be it further cnact-d, That the merri-
ment", and for the admission of such a state into t)ers of tiie convention thus duly elected, be, and
the union, on an equal footing with the original t|iey are hereby authorised to meet at the se.it of
states. the government of the said territory, on the se-
cond Monday of June next, which convention, when
met, shall first determine by a majority of the
Jie it enacted by the senate and house of rcpresenta
•it- 1* of the. United States of America in corngres* as
Ambled, That the inhabitants of the tei-rilory of In
... „„.., . 'hole number elected whether it be or be not cx-
diana be, and they are hereby authorised to form peJieat at that time to form a constitution and state
for themselves a constitution and slate government, government for the people within the said territory,
and to assume such name as they shall deem proper; ano« \f it be determined to be expedient, the con-
jtnd the' said state, when formed, shall be admitted Vention shall be, and hereby are authorised to form
into the union upon the same footing- with the origi
nal states, in all respects whatever.
Sec. 2. Jlnd be it further enacted, That the said
constitution and state government; or, if it be
.eemed more expedient, the said convention
hall provide by ordinance for electing re-
ptate shall consist ofa-llthe territory included with- presentatives to form a constitution or frame of go-
in the following boundaries, to wit: bounded on vernment; which said representatives shall be cho-
the east, by the meridian line which forms the west- sen m such manner, and' in proportion, and shall
crn boundary of the state of Ohio; on the south by meet at suclr time and place, as shall be prescribed
the river Ohio, from the mouth of the great Miami by the said ordinance, arid shall then form, for the
river to the mouth of the river Wabash; on the people of .aid territory, a constitution and state
west by a line drawn along the middle of the Wa- government: Provided, That the same, whenever
bash from its mouth, to a point where a due north formed, shall be republican, and 'not repugnant to
Ine drawn from the town of Vincennes would those articles of the ordinance of the thirteenth of
lust touch the north-western shore of the said July, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven,
river; and from thence by a due north line until the which are declared to be irrevocable between the
same' shall intersect an east and west line, drawn original states and the people and states of the ter-
th rough a point ten miles north of the southern ex- ritories northwest of the river Ohio; excepting SQ
treme°of lake Michigan; on the north, by the said much of said articles as relate to the boundaries of
east and west line, until the same slmll intersect the states there to be formed.
first mentioned meridian line which forms the Sec. 5. Jlnd be it further enacted, That until the,
western boundary of the state of Ohio: Provided, next general census shall be taken, the said state
That the convention herein after provided for, when shall he-entitled to one representative, in the house
formed, shall ratify the boundaries sforesaid; other- of representatives of the United States,
•wise they shall be and remain as now prescribed by See. 6. Jlnd be it ftirther enacted^ That the fol-
the ordinance for the government of the country lowing propositions be, and the same are hereby of-
northwest of the river Ohio: 'Provided also, That fered to the convention of the said territory of In-
the said state shall have concurrent jurisdiction on diana, when formed for their free acceptance and
the river Wabash, with the state to be formed west rejection, which if accepted by the convention,
shall be obligatory upon the United States.
First. That the section numbered sixteen, in every
township, and, when such section has been sold,
granted or disposed of, other lands equivalent
thereof, so far as the said river shall form a com
mon boundary to both.
Sec. 3. Jlnd be it further enacie d, That all male c
tizensof the United States, who shall have arrive
at the age of twenty-one ye:irs, and resided within thereto, and moat contiguous to the same, shall b(
the said territory at least one year previous to the granted to the inhabitants of such township for tlr
dav of election, and shall have paid a cou«ty or te use of schools,
ritorial tax; and all persons having in other respec
the legal qualifications to v«te for representativ
in the general assembly of the said territory, t same
and they are hereby authorised to choose represen-
tatives to form a convention, who shajl be appo?tion-
ed among the several counties within the said ter-
ritory, according to the apportionment made by the
Second. That all salt springs within the said ter-
ritory, and the land reserved for the use of the
together with such other lands as may, by
legislature thereof at their lust session, to wit:
from the county of Wayne, four representatives;
from the county of Franklin, five representatives;
from the county of Dearborn, three representatives;
from the county of Switzerland, one representative;
from the county of Jefferson, three representatives;
from the couuty of Clark, five representatives;
from the county 'of Harrison, five representatives;
from the county of Washington, five representatives;
from the county of Knox, five representatives;
.from the county of Gibsdft, four representative*,;
from the county of Posey, one representative; from
the countv (:f Warwick, one representative, and
from the county of Perry, one representative; and
the election of the representatives, aforesaid, shall
ie holden on the second Monday of May, one thou
sand tight hundred and sixu^n, throughout the
Several counties in the s.tid territory, and shall be
conducted in the same manner, and under the same
the president of the United States, 'be deemed ne-
cessary and proper for working the salt springs, not
exceeding in the whole the quantity contained in
thirty-six entire sections; shall be granted to the
said state, for the use of the people of the said state,
the same to be used under such terms, conditions,'
and regulations as the legislature of the said 'state
shall direct: provided the said legislature shall ne-
ver sell nor lease the same, for a longer period than
ten years at any one time.
Third. That five per cent, of the nett proceeds <>f
the lands lying within the said territory, and which,
shall be sold by congress, from and after the first,
d iv of December next, after deducting all expenses
incident to the same, shall be reserved .for making
public roads and canals, of which three-fifths shall
be applied to tho.se objects^ within the said state,
under the direction of the legislature thereof, and
two-fifths to the making of a road or roads leading
to the said slate under the direction of congress.
Fourth. That one entire township, which shall be
designated by the president of the United States,
in addition to the one heretofore reserved for tliu'
NILES WEEKLY REGISTER— LAWS OF THE U. STATES.
purpose, shall be reserved for the use of a seminary
of learning, and vested in the legislature of said
state, to be appropriated solely to the use of such
seminary by the said legislature.
Fifth. That four sections of land be, and the same
are hereby granted to the said state, for the purpose
of fixing the seat of government thereon, which four
sections shall, under the direction of the legislature
of said state, be located at any time, in such town-
ship and range, as the legislature aforesaid may se-
lect, on such lands as may hereafter be acquired
by the United States, from the Indian tribes, within
the said territory : Provided, That such locations
shall be made prior to the public sale of the lands
of the United States, surrounding such location;
and provided always, that the five foregoing proposi-
tions herein offered, are, on the conditions that the
convention of the said state shall provide by an
perty that may have ceased to be assessable, ard
to the assessment of property that may have ceas
ed to be exempted from assessment, to such other
cases as the secretary of the treasury may find it
necessary in the furtherance of justice especially
to authorize, and to the birth or death of slaves, or
their running away, or otherwise becoming useless :
Provided, that changes in the last case shall be sole-
!y where the tax standing chargeable to any person
for slaves would be diminished by the valuation on
the said first, day of June of all those then o'.vned
by such person, excepting those obtained bv trans-
fer, in which case the reduction in the valuation
shall be equal to the difference between the amount
of the original and existing valuation.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That it shall be
the duty of each of the principal assessors, with la
iifteen "days from the first of June, to attend in
ordinance, irrevocable without the consent of tlu 'person, or in case of his sickness, by a deputy to
United States, that every and each tract of land sold
?>y the UniteJ States, from and after the first day of
December next, shall be and remain exempt from
an}' tax laid by order, or under any authority of the
state, whether for state, county or township, or any-
other purpose whatever, for the term of five years
from and after the day of sale.
II. CLAY,
Speaker of the house of representatives.
JOHN GA1LLAHD,
President of the senate pro
April 19, 1816.— APPROVED,
JAMES MADISOX.
AX ACT supplementary to the act to provide ad
ditional revenues for defraying the expenses oi
government ami maintaining the public credit,
l.y laying a direct tax upon the United States, and
to provide for assessing and collecting the same
He it enacted by the senate and house of representa-
tives, of the United States of America in congress as-
sembled, That in regard to the direct tax imposed by
the act of congress, passed the fifth of March, one
thousand eight hundred and sixteen, and to any
other direct tax that may be hereafter imposed, the
enumerations, valuations, and assessments first
made, or to be made, in virtue of the "Act to pro-
vide additional revenues for defraying the expenses
of government, and maintaining the public credit,
by laying a direct tax upon the United States, and
to provide for assessing and collecting the same,'
passed the 9th of January, one thousand eight hun-
dred and fifteen, shall remain unchanged, excep
insomuch as the respective amounts of tax may be
affected by the augmentation or diminution of the
aggregate tax laid, or to be laid, and the property
so enumerated, valued and assessed, shall continue
liable, with such qualification, to the taxes so asses-
sed, subject gnly to the changes hereinafter provid-
ed for, and to those that may arise from the cor
rection of errors as authorize'd by the last recitet
act.
Sec. 2. And be it it further enacted, That the
chang'es to be made in the said enumerations, valua
lions and assessments, and in the subsequent revi
sions thereof, shall be relative to the first day of
June in the present year, and in every subsequent
year in which a direct tax may be imposed, and shall
be effected by the principal assessors, without the
employment of assistant assessors, and shall extend
to the supplying of omissions of a.ssess*ble proper
ty, to the transfers and real estate and slaves, tc
the changes of residents and non-residents, to th<
burning or destruction of houses or other fixed im
provements of r?aj est-af. *ofhe ?.vmr>*:ov. of pro
e appointed by him, at six several places within
"s district most convenient to the inhabitants, the
:ourt houses being of the number, except where
hey exceed six, and then at each court house with-
n the district, for one full day at each place, t < r
the purpose of receiving any information as to the
changes, as aforesaid, which may have taken place
oince the preceding assessment or revision, which
information shall be given in writing under the sig-
nature of the person whose tax may be afiec'icu.
thereby ; of which attendance and the object tiiero4*,
the said principal assessor shall, on or before tliv
fifteenth day of May preceding, cuuse notice to In-
given, which notice shall be inserted three rime*
weekly in all the newspapers published within his
district, and m handbills, to be posted up at all the
courl houses therein ; causing at the same time and
iu the same mode, notice to be given that he will
attend to hear appeals relative to any such cli-ingcs
at the times and places hereinafter specified thtM't-
for.
Sec. 4. And be it furtlier enartcd, That each of the
said principal assessors shall, within ten days nftcr
the said fifteen days, according to the information
so received, or to any other information satisfactory
to him, revise the general lists for his district, an^
note in a supplementary form such changes as shall
appear to him to have occurred, and shall, whhi:i
the said term ef ten days, make out a distinct
statement of each change, which shall include the
name of the person so liable to tax and the valua-
tion of the property, aud shall either cause the same
to be delivered to such person, or to be put in the
mail addressed to him or her, and directed to the
post office nearest to his or her abode, agreeably to
the best information of the said principal assessor,
with a notification of the times and places of lieu; -
ing zyiv appeals that may be made, as heveiuaficr
provided for : Provide,!, That no such notice neeu.
be given to persons not. residing within the district.
Sec. 5. And be it furtl.i'r enacted, That it shall be
the duty of the said principal assessor to attend at
the several places aforesaid within his district,
within fifteen days from tiie expiration of the ten
days aforesaid, for a.t least one day at each court
house, for the purpose of receiving any appeals that
may be made iu writin.g as to the changes afore-
said, which changes sli-.iJl be open to the inspection
of any person who may apply to inspect the same.
Sec. 6. And be it further eiiactrtl, That the changes
aforesaid shall be made in the following manner, and
according to the following1 principles, in addition to
those hereinbefore stated, that is to say :
In all cases that relate Unreal estate, and to truttv
frr of chves.ni her th-an is h,*j-?m specially provide'!
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1816.
for the rr-ic at which the same were or would have
been valued under the act aforesaid, passed the
nw.Ai 'if J..:iuary, o;:e thousand eight hundred and
lif c-t-;i, shall, as near as may be, be maintained ; cx-
c pli-ig whore a partial alienation pf real estate s.iall
occur,' in whiciic.se the original tax shall be ap-
•lU'd anioi'g the several parts according to
In ail other cases relative to slaves the valuation
shall be m - :1,g -o lucir existing value.
In cases in \viiici; rea: property shall have been
once s-jld for taxes, and purchased on behalf of the
Un.ud States, such property shall, nptwitlistapding,
coiuinue to be entered on the general lists, and the
tax lists, in the name of the original proprietor,
until the period allo\\ ;>d for theredemptipn thereof
shad have expired af.er \\hicii, unless redeemed,
it shall be stricken therefrom; but after being so
pure! K-s edit shall not while it remains unredeemed,
?)e again sold for any other direct tax; and during
such period, the r^cL-.-nijM ion thereof shall only bt
effected on the payment of all the taxes, additions,
and charges due thereon, the same as if it still con-
tinued the property of the original owner, and as if
it Had been sold for each accruing tax; and the
collectors shall, on rendering the proper accounts,
be credited for the amount of taxes on property thus
continuing unredeemed.
Any person becomingthe owner ofa slave by trans-
fer to ::im IVoni a distinct other than that in which
he resides, shi-.li at the time and place prescribed
by t..c third section of this act, furnish the prin-
cipal assessor with a statement, specifying the sex
and age of such slave, who shall be valued accord-
ing- to iiis or her existing value; and any such' per-
son who shall r,c- gleet so to furnish a statement
shall forfeit and pay a sum not exceeding ten dol-
lar * : OIK - L. if thereof" for the use of the Unked
Slates, and he other half for the use of the inform-
er. And where a transfer ofa slave shall be made
b\ a per=on residing within one district to a person
residing in another, which shall become known to
the pii'ncipal assessor of the former district, he
shall forthwith advise, through the mail, the princi-
pal assessor of the latter district thereof, who shall,
in case the statement aforesaid shall not have been
rendered as aforesaid, institute a. prosecution
against t'h.e person to whom the transfer has been
made for the said peji iltv
In ail cases the individual statements of changes
shall be made out in such a manner as may be dircc; -
ed by. the principal assessor, and shall in their form,
be as similar as practicable to the lists taken at tlie
preceding assessment.
Sec. 7.1 And he it further enacted, That for the pur-
pose of insuring a correct execution of the objects
uforeb.ul, the principal assessors shall take and
pursue all other lawful -measures, by the examina-
tion of record, the entry 'on ihc premises, or by rmy
satisfactory proof, which the) shall consider
necessary.
:*>ec. 8. And bs il further enacted, That within
;Mi-ly days after the expiration of the time ai.
: s aforesaid to the hearing of appeals, it shall he
tl.e duty of the principal assessor in each district
io revise, agreeably to his decision and the in form a-
•ionhemn\ possess, the enumerations and valua-
> io'. s aforesaid, correcting the same agreeablv to
the changes aforesaid, and to make out a complete
. ii-iccted list of all the enumerations and valuations
n his district, agreeable to the form prescribed by
• he act aforesaid, passed the ninth of January, one
•'•ousand eight hundred and fifteen, which the said
pal assessor shall sign and preserve among his
official papers, and further to make out and deia Ti-
to the collector, within the same time, agreeably to
the twenty-first section of the said act, the tax list.1
therein designated, made to conform to such chang-
es ; whereupon the respective steps required by
the provisions of the said act, not incompatible with
those prescribed by this act, shall be pursued.
Sec. 9. And be it further enacted, That on every
transfer of the valuation of real estate or slaves, by
which any person who is chargeable with a tax,
the principal assessor shall be entitled to demand
and receive from such person the sum of fifty cents,
Provided, That the transfer for which such fee is
paid, shall be considered as embracing the whole
v: iuatkm of any person, whether of real estate or
slaves so transferred.
Sec. 10. And be it further enacted, That so much
of the thirty-nin'di section of the act aforesaid, pass-
ed the ninth of January, one thousand eight hun-
dred and fifteen, as respects the time within which
transfers and changes of property shall be ascer-
tained, and thq making out and delhvry of the lists
thereof, be, and the same is hereby repealed.
Sec. 11. And be it further enacted^ That in case
any circumstance shall prevent a compliance, in
point of time, with the foregoing provisions, the
steps required shall nevertheless be taken therea'f
ter, in which event the same notices shall be given
and the same terms of time be allotted to the per-
formance of the several duties, that would have
been requisite, had no such failure existed.
Sec. 12. And Lett further enacted, That the du
ties aforesaid, required of the principal assessors,
and the compensation for 'the performance thereof;
shall be confined to those states which shall not havfc
assumed the payment of the direct tax lajkl in any
year, or having* assumed, shall not have duly paid
the same.
Sec. 13. And be it further enacted, That in default
of the performance of the duties enjoined by th's
act on any principal assessor, he shall forfeit and
pay for the use of the United States, a sum not ex-
ceeding five hundred dollars, to be sued for and re-
covered in the name of the United States, in any
court having competent jurisdiction.
Sec. 14. Ami be it further enacted, That all letters
to and from the principal assessors, relative to their
official duties, shall be transmitted free of postage..
And any principal assessor who shall put his frank
on any other letter shall forfeit and pay the sum of
i-n dollars, the whole of which shall be for the use
of' the person who shall give information thereof.
Sec. 15. And ha it farther enacted, That in lieu of
the compensation heretofore allowed to the prin
cipal assessors, they shall respectively receiv
every year in which a direct tax shall be laid, a sala-
ry of two hundred dollars, and three dollars for ev-
ery hundred taxable persons contained in the t;r;
lists delivered to the collectors, together with an
allowance for their necessary and reasonable charg-
es for books and stationary used in the execution
of their duties, which said duties shall be consi-
dered as embracing the correction of errors, as au-
thorized bylaw. And the president of the United
States 'shall be, and he is hereby authorized to aug-
ment, in cases where lie shall deem it necessary,
the fbreg-oing compensations: Prm-ided, That there
shall not be allowed to any one principal assessor
in any such year, more than two hundred dollars
in addition to his fixed compensation: And provid^
erf,that the whole extra amount thus allow ed shall not
exceed in such year ten thousand dollars. And for
the purpose of carrying this act into effect, there is
hereby appropriated in each year in which a di
JULES' WEEKLY REGISTliR-THB MISSISSIPPI 225
ax shall be laid, a s1Tn of one hundred thousand
dollars, to be paid out0f any money in the treasu-
ry not otherwise appropriated: Provided, that any
other existing appropriation for the said purposes
be, and the same is hereby repealed.
. Sec. 16. Anil be it further enacted, That in lieu of
the time now fixed by law for the commencement
of the collection of the direct tax, it shall be in
each district immediately subsequent to the day on
which the tax lists shall be delivered to the col-
lector thereof.
Sec. 17. And be it further enacted, That in al
cases in which a tax shall be charged for slaves, the
real estate of the person charged therewith, mai
be sold therefor, in the same manner as for a tax
due thereon: but no slaves sold for taxes shall be
purchased on behalf of the United States.
Sec. 18. And be it further enacted, That it sh:il
be lawful for the secretary of the treasury to assigi
to the commissioner of the" revenue, the duty of su
pei-intending1 the assessors, valuation^ nnrl fisac^r,
ments under the laws imposing a direct tax, as wel
as the collection of the tax, subject to his direc
tions and control, according to the powers vested
in him by law.
Sec. 19. And be it further enacted, That the fore
going- provisions .-;!.aii npply to any direct tax im
posed or to be imposed upon the district of Colum
bid, and shall be and remain in force, any thing i
any former act or acts to the contrary notwithstanc
ing.
Sec. 20. Provided ahvay*) and be it further enactei
That the equalization uiicl apportionment of the d
rect tax, made in the year eighteen hundred anc
.fifteen by the board of principal assessors of th
state of Delaware, in virtue of the before recitei
act, entitled "An act to provide additional revenue
for defraying the expenses of government and mail
taining the public credit by laying a direct tax up
on the United States, and to provide for the asses
ing and collecting the same," shall not be in fore
or have any effect as it relates to that state's quo
ta of the direct tax imposed by the act of congres
passed the fifth day of March, one thousand eigl
hundred and sixteen, or that shall be imposed b
any subsequent act of congress; and it shall be tl
duty of the said board of principal assessor*
to convene in general meeting on the first Monda
in June next, at Dover, in the said state, and the
and there diligently and carefully re-consider anc
re-examine the several lists of valuation for the c!
rect tax for the said state, for tiie year one thot
sand eight hundred and fourteen, and they sh
have power to revise, alter, re-adjust and equaliz
the several lists of valuation aforesaid for the cou
ties of the said state respectively, by adding ther
to, or deducting therefrom, such a rate per centu
as shall render the valuation of said counties rel
tively equal according £o the present actual read
money value of the property assessed and contai
ed'inthe said lists of valuation; and shall thercu
on apportion to each county ui the said state a qu
ta of the tax bearing the same proportion to tl
whole direct tax imposed on the state, as the a
gregate valuation of each county bears to the a
gregate valuation of the state; and the valuatio
equalization and apportionment so made by t
board of principal assessors aforesaid shall be
full force and operation, and remain unchangec
subject only to the exceptions contained in t
first section of this act; and the said board of
cipal assessors shall, within twenty days after the
meeting as herein before directed, complete t
Vaid revision, ; equalization and apportionment, :.
tall record the same, and in all respects not here
otherwise directed, shall conform tothepvovi
ons contained in the act in this section first above
cited. H. CLA\,
Speaker of the house of representatives.
JOHN GA1LLAKD,
President of the senate, pro temporc.
JAMES MADISON
The Mississippi.
he following observations, made by a gentleman
of this town, while on his passage up the Missis-
sippi to New Orleans, have been communicated
to us by a friend for public it ion : —
" iiy what process have the banks of the Missis-
ippi fiver been formed ? This is a curious question,
ut it may be Answered. The mouth of this river
s about 110 miles from the city, and the banks from
ic city to the mouth have certainly been formed
>y the" deposition of the mud from time to time,
low long it has been progressing from the city,
iip.r.ot easily be conjectured. One mile in 59 years
•ould require an era nearly as old ;;s creation, and
s the same phenomena appear above the city af>
ar as Natches, we are obliged to suppose that it
jrogresses much faster. ]3ut as the mouth of the
ivcr advances into the sea, ii must progress slower,
..s there will be a greater depth to fill up.
To ascertain lay what process the detached mud
>anks at the mouth of the river are formed, I made
he following experiments while laying about one
nile below the bar at the mouth of the river. With
he log line and glass, I first ascertained the velocity
of the current on the surface, and found it to be ai
he rate of two knots per hour. Then putting more
vcight on the log, so as to sink it to different depth ;
it pleasure, it was soon found that there was im
current at the depth of two fathoms; for at this
depth the line floated astern, while the log-board
•emained stationary. From the result of this ex-
periment it was conjectured that the water beneath
:he surLce was sea water. To decide this question,
a vessel was prepared in the following manner. A
lass bottle was secured to the sounding lead, am!
ine attached. Then a cork was fitted to the mouth,
of the bottle; and a small line attached to the cork,
and held by an assistant on deck while the sounding
tead with the bottle was sunk. When at the depth
of ten fathoms, the cork was pulled out, and after
waiting for the jug to fill, it was drawn up, and the
water contained in the bottle was found to be salt
water, turbid with the sediment of the river. This
experiment was repeated at different depths, and
the result was, that at one fathom the water was
nearly fresh, at two fathoms it was considerably
brackish, aiul continued to grow salter to the bot-
tom. From these experiments it appeal's, that the
river at the mouth flows over an inmiovcable body
of salt water, probably at different dtptns, accord
ing* to the velocity of the. current.
Now, as the water of the Mississippi is turbid^
from its contents of clay so soon as it flows over
the quiet body of salt water below, the sediment,
must fall within it and beins; there undisturbed by the
motion of the current, it must settle to the bottom
•When it has risen to a sufficient height, the logs
which continually float down the river, together
with whole trees, lodge on these banks of mud, and
thus catch every succeeding floating body, which
happens to come in contact. More mud is added,
until a surface is formed above the water, and then
a growth of canenoles spring up; and render the
226
HILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, JUNE/,
mass of logs and mud firm. When these detached
musses are numerous, and lay in the vicinity of each
other, they soon connect themselves in the same
manner, and thus the banks of the river have been
i'orraed for the distance of 110 miles, and probably
much farther above the city. This process is still
going- on, and detached masses are now formed for
five or six miles below the connected banks of the
river. Some of these masses appear perfected by
a growth of canepoles, others are convered with
logs and driftwood, and many, the most distant from
the bar, are just emerging1.
The water of this river is turbid, and has the
appearance from deck of -being very thick with
yellow clay, but upon taking- it up In a glass, it
looks like a thin whitish fluid. To ascertain what
proportion of the river water was clay, a barrel filled
with it was allowed to remain till the sediment had
precipitated itself. There was then found to be
one cubic inch of clay in a tenacious and impalpable
powder. Now, as a gallon contains 282 cubic inches,
:;nd a barrel 32 gallons, there must be, 282 * 32=*
9024 cubic inches in a barrel. Then, as there was
one cubic inch of sediment in this bulk of water,
the proportion which one bears to the other mayj
be expressed by the fraction 1-9024 or in round
numbers, about 1-10,000 part. But it contains a
greater quantity of mud at some seasons of the year,
and the authpr of the Mississippi navigator asserts
that the proportion is as one to eight. — This, how-
ever, appears incredible. To ascertain the quantity
of mud deposited at the mouth of the river, it is
necessary that we should make some estimate of
the quantity of water flowing to the sea. At a cer-
tain pass of the width of one mile, the velocity of
the current was ascertained thus. A patent revolv-
ing log was procured, and bv means of a line with
a heavy weight attached, it was sunk at different
depths at pleasure. Upon placing this log near the
middle of the river, at the surface the velocity was
found to he at the rate of 2 miles per hour; or
in othet words, three thousand five hundred and
twenty yards. At the bottom of the river the
yelocity was found to be at the rate of one mile
per hour; and at the middle depth, the mean of
these two velocities, or one mile and an half per
hour. Then at different distances from the shore,
the velocity was ascertained in the same manner;
and the aggregate result was found to be about one
inile per hour. It was next found necessary to esti-
mate the average depth of the river at this pass; and
after sounding from shore to shore in a transverse
direction, the result was an average depth of sixty
feet. With these data, the quantity of water mov-
ing to the sea in 24 hours, may be thus calculated: —
1760 M 1760 =3,097 600 square yards, multiplied
by 20 yards deep, gives 61,952,000 cubic yards of
water moving to sea in an hour. Now, 27 feet is
contained in a cubic yard, this multiplied by
61,952,000, gives 1,672,604,000 feet in the above
column of water. This multiplied by 1728 inches
in a foot, gives 2,890,432,512,000 cubic inches,
which being divided by 9024 cubic inches in a
barrel, gives 3,092,234,622 barrels. Now, as about
1-10,000 part of this quantity of water is sediment,
the last product divided by 10,000, gives the num-
ber of barrels of sediment conveyed to the sea, and
deposited at the mouth of the river per hour. Then
by multiplying this product by 24 hours in a day,
we have 3,092. 23 -4 * 24=74,213,516 barrels of mud
per day. AVhat an amazing quantity must be carried
out during the course of a year, especially when we
consider that the river flows with twice the velocity
" — • — Essex flc.
Banking Pusiness.
MEIICHAKTS' BANK OF ALEXANBUIA.
May 18, 1816.
At a special meeting- of the board, the following
resolutions were adopted.
Jlesolvcd, That the affairs of this institution be
wound up: for the Attainment of which object, it is
the opinion of this board that a committee be ap-
pointed to consist of three persons, to superintend
the same, whose province it shall be, to adopt and
pursue such measures, as in their judgment shall
appear to be best calculated to secure the interests
of the stockholders, and satisfy creditors; and who
shall, every month on the first Monday thereof, re-
port to the board of directors their progress in the
execution of this duty.
If any debt due to the bank, shall not, in the opi-
nion of the committee, be well secured by a good
and sufficient endorser or endorsers, such debtors
shall be called upon to give additional security; and
if such further security be not given, such debtor
shall be entitled to no further indulgence.
Immediate and reasonable curtails shall be enforc-
ed, and no paper due to the bank, shall be transfer-
red, but when collected by regular process, and
shall be divided among the creditors, in proportion
to their claims — and that no loss from delay, may
be sustained by the holders of the notes;
Resolved, That deposits in Merchants' Bank paper,
will be received, and certificates granted bearing in-
terest, to be paid so soon as the monies due to the
institution are collected by the committee aforesaid.
Peter Saunders, James Anderson, and Daniel
M'Pherson, are appointed a committee for the
above purpose. By order of the board,
JAMES S. SCOTT, Cashier--
May 20.
Salt — Duties — Bounties.
\ statement showing the quantity of salt importe
into the United States during the year ending the'
30th of September, 1805.
Bushels.
66,686
- 1,361,242
- 120,782
- 201,735
- 772,939
989
- 155,093
- 169,292
50,993
- 340,457
- 151,203
New -Hampshire
Massachusetts
Uhode-lsland
Connecticut -
New-York
Ne\\- Jersey -
Pennsylvania -
Maryland
District of Columbia
Virginia -
North-Carolina
South-Carolina
Georgia ...
Ohio
Louisiana -
Michigan territory
Mississippi do. -
Total, 3,652,276
Treasury Defiarttnenf,
Register's Office, January 31-vz, 1816.
JOSEPH NOURSE, Jleffisier.
A statement showing the amount of duties received
on salt imported into the United States, of bounty
paid on the exportation of pickled fish and salted
provisions, and of allowances to vessels employed
in the fisheries, from tlie commencement of the
present government tt) the 31st djy of Decems
by, 1S14-.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— BRITISH ARMY IN FRANCE. 227
O
s
mi
*ii
\
5° =• -O
£ 2§o
=••?»
1
'iff
HI
H
'
S.T'?
S.O
From the commencement of
the present government to
Dollars.
Dvllari?.
Dollars.
tUe 3 1st day of Dec. 1"91
Prom in Jan. tu 3m Dec. 1792
170.3
630,395
2U,541
247,622
29,682 31
44,77* 17
16,731 2b
72(0fi5 32
3794
301,.'28'| 13,767 85
93,768 91
17-'5
345,7'Q
14,854 81
66.280 47
1796
443,550
16,9 8 99
76,889 63
3797
391, 3'4
12.398 53
80,475 76
1798
543,810
19,'aO 12
94,684 30
1799
488,6(7
20,769 '5
US/ifiS 87
1800
687,387
18,325 2'
87,853 45
JSOt
686,454
."1,586 38
74.5*0 92
]802
792,83$
29.700 63
104,447 92
JS03
721, 55
34.790 04
l!7 73 57
1804
886,799
46,022 90
145>86 73
1805
76M04
37,44«5 32
152,927 72
1606
862,694
37,, 33 7.
162.191 99
1807
73 1*^08
27..J14 03
161,254 17
1808
6,017
17.U.JO or
142,911 39
18<;9
43
2J423 67
47,166 11
MIC
508 35
3,406 48
isn
784 13
1814
75,82:
. Dollars, total. ;0,682,788
470,771 23
i,sr.5ii 17
Hllowance paid, during the
17,780 57
64,975 97
11,942 60
165 00
201,730 57
49,923 46
68,602 76
50,578 48
500 21
26,898 40
1,673 60
31,634 82
5,595 37
17,370 23
386 27
51 30
146 50
911 25
No bounties or allowances paid since the 31st
December, 1811.
Signed,
Treasury Department,
Itegister's Office, January SI, 1816.
JOSEPH NOLI USE, Itegister.
13,538
1,287 50
66,549 99
1,652,097 04
xVo/f.— NO duties received, or liount
years 18,2 and I8i3.
Treasury Department,
Register's Office, January "1st, 1816.
JOSEPH NOURSE.
AGGHT.GATES.
The amount of t!ie bounties and allowances \vas
distributed as follows :
Allowance .
Ne>v-!Iampsliire
Vei-mont - -
Massachusetts
Rhode-Island -
Connecticut -
New-York - -
New-Jersey
Pennsylvania -
Delaware - -
Maryland - •
Virginia - -
North-Carolina
South-Carolina
Georgia - - .
Kentucky - -
^Louisiana - -
British Army in France.
HOUSE OF LOHDS, APRIL 5.
A short, but animated discussion arose tinon the
Lord Holland animadverted in severe tcrmes up-
on the conduct of the noble uurl in not having1 come
down to parliament in the first instance, and commu-
nicated the circumstance. The precedent, he con-
tended, was one of a most alarming and dangerous de-
scription. There was a period in our history in whir!.*
similar proceedings had nearly subverted the '
ties of the country. Charles' II. and Jarru:-. ::
ceived pecuniary aid from France, for th<" ".vowed
purpose of subduing our independence,
thought that some further explanation tint -
had yet fallen from the noble curl was m:r<
and in his opinion he could not do better than come
clown to that house with a bill of indemnity frr v'a-
share which he h-id in the transact ion.
Lord .Jjiver/iool said, that the paper moved for by
the noble marquis would bring the subject. regrlfu iv
befove their lordships, when it could be ilisu.<
ately argued, and when he should be prep a:
give every explanation. All he could say sit present,
xv.is, lliat the sum in question was p;.rt of -i con-
tribution, which the allied powers, having rr:iiit;y.- -
possession of France, levied upon that country, and
which, by a convention entered into, wa;; to be em-
ployed in defraying the expences of the armies
maintained there.
Lord Grenville observed, that t3ie resolution of
the house of commons, for paying the British army
in France, had no reference whatever to any possible
surplus of expence which might arise beyond what
the contributions paid by the French government
would cover. The object of tins resolution was a
wise and constitutional one. It was to get rid of
that dangerous anomaly in our com itutional prac-
tice, of having' a large army in a foreign country,
paid by a foreign power, and consequently placecj
beyond the control and influence of parliamejit.--^-
He would venture to say that neither the house of
commons nor the country anticipated the idea of
any charge falling to us for the support of the army
in France. The expence of that army was under-
stood to be completely provided for, by the contri-
butions payable from the French government. He
considered the present subject as one of the greatest
importance, in a constitutional point of view, that a
British minister should receive large sums from a
foreign state, and appropriate them without making
any communication to parliament; and he trusted
that it would be brought before their lordships ii\
a manner different from the present accidental mode
of discussing it.
Lord Lauderdale condemned the proceedings of
the noble earl, as unprecedeiued in the history of
the country, and us being fraught with the greatest^,
j danger to the constitution. If so large a sum as
|800,QOO£. might be thus received and employed by
a minister without the sanction of parliament, why
might not a much larger sum be equally so received
! and so employed? Or why might n^t a Jiritish army
| be kept in any part of the continent in the pay of a
foreign power, without any control over it by the
Appropriation of the sum of 800,000^. paid by France,
and "which hatt-been received by this country for tiie
parliament of England? It was impossible to view'
such proceedings without the greatest alarm, and
maintenance of the British troops now serving in | tl>eir lordships would abandon their duty if they
France. The marquis of Lunsdown, we understand, <&& not make il a subject of their most serious aiui
moved for some accounts respecting the transaction,
upoiv \vliich
The. carl of Liverpool observed that the house of
commons had determined to supply the money
y/iiicli was necessary for the payment of our troop's
:.n France, not only in lieu of the contributions which
the French govennent had to pay, but to provide any
ond the
urplus or excess that might be incv.rred b^vo;
/%f those co'2trir(n!'.:'.'i"-
deliberate consideration.
Earl Grey said he could not suffer the present
discussion to close without expressing the senti-
ments of indignation and astonishment with which
he was almost overpowered. He did not mean to
accuse the noble Earl of the deliberate intention to
deceive the country with respect to the support of
the British army in France, but ccviainly the effect
of his declaratioivs uf>on that subject had beca to
028 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1816.
deceive it in the most decided manner. Until that
night it was universally believed that the charge
for maintaining that army would he covered wholly
and exclusively by the amount of contributions to
be paid by the French government; but when his
7toble friend, with that acuteness which distin-
guished him upon all questions of that kind, shewed
that in the present year we should, in fact, have to
pay above 200,000/. and in the next year, nearly
480.000/ ; then, and not till then, the noble earl
had admitted the fact, because he could not dis-
prove it.
With respect to what had been the conduct of with an inscription forbidding any person from ap-
tlie nobl« earl, in appropriating the 800,OOOZ. already
received, without making any communication to
parliament upon the subject, he did not wish to
use any harsh or intemperate expression, but he
would venture to say that it was an act of delin
quency on the part ot the noble earl, which, in the
better times of our history, would have been fol-
lowed by un act of punishment. [Hear, hear!] —
As had been well observed by his noble friend,
who spoke last, if the principle were once admitted
that a British minister might receive and apply
such a sum, at his own pleasure and discretion,
where would the practice stop, or why might not
a. larger sum, as many millions for instance, be
received and used in the same unconstitvition.il
manner ? [Hear, hear, hear !]— The noble lord (Li-
verpool) had. said this sum was not obtained in con-
sequence of the treaty, or of any convention, but
was paid as part of a contribution into the military
chest of this country, prior to the conclusion of the
treaties. The treaties, it is well known, were finally
ratified, on or before the 20th clay of November,
prior to which, according to the noble earl's own
account, the money had been obtained, and parlia-
ment had been convened on the 1st of February,
on account of the plague at Noja, has an extent of
500 miles, and requires daily 10,500 men to occupy
the pests. The town of Noja, about 1 1-2 Italian
miles in circumference, and containing about 6000
souls, is closely surrounded by a double cordon. —
The first is formed by two ditches, 60 paces from
the wall of the town, and 30 paces from each other,
10 paces broad, and 8 feet deep, behind which a
battalion, with two cannon, forms a close chain.
Over each of tte ditches is a draw bridge, confining
the access to the town by a single gate, provided
with a double grating; a board is attached to it,
proaching the ditches from the town under pain of
death. To keep order in the town itself, there is a
detachment of twenty-four men and one officer and
a commandant. A regiment of infantry and a corps
of cavalry form the second cordon, five miles from
the Noja, in an extent of twenty -five miles, in close
connection with the cordon on the sea side. All in-
tercourse between the inhabitants and the military
of the several cordons is most rigorously prohibited,
so that a priest from Noja, who had sold to a Nea-
politan soldier a pack of cards, was shot as well as
the soldier, the former after having been deprived
of ecclesiastical dignity, the soldier on the spot.
The same rigorous measures are taken at Corfu.
Three English soldiers, who went from one cordon
to another, to see their comrades, were shot.
The plague. — This dreadful scourge appears on
the decline in Italy.
SPAIN AND AMEIUCA. — "We are extremely sorry to
id," says the Paris Moniteur, "that an immediate
ivar is likely to break out between Spain and Ame-
rica. Spain, in particular, ought not to court, but
•ather to avoid it; and America, having suffered so
much by the late war with England, ought also to
endeavor to shun it if possible: — but if either party
yet on this day, the 5th of April, their lordships expects to receive assistance from any of the great
had, for the first time, heard of such a sum being! European powers, it will, we think, find itself in a
procured [Hear!] — And how had they been in-;mistake."
formed of it ? Not by any wish of the noble lord
to g'ive them information, but solely, thro' accident
in consequence of the vigilance of his noble friem
(lord Grenville.) No disposition appeared to ex
ist in the minds of ministers to give any account o
this sum to parliament. It was to remain locke
up, not^ the view of defraying the expences, tc
which A^&ountry had already been put, not witl
t jji tn<
J*
the iaten^P'of iii'the smallest degree alleviating
the pressure under which the country groaned, bu
it was to remain there prospectively to gratify th<
inclinations of ministers in future. He put it to
their lordships, whether such conduct was c
sistent with the high responsibility which ministers
owtd'to parliament? Was it either congenial to
*lie principles of the constitution, or to the respect
which Eiiitisters should naturally feel for parlia
»nent ? Such 'an iniquitous transaction could not
be too severely reprobated. It was a departure
from the line of . duty which ministers owed to their
country, it was a contempt for the dignity and au-
thority of parliament. He certainly thought it im-
possible for parliament to shut their eyes on such
.-.onduct, and if they did not censure and punish
those who hud been concerned in it, they ought at
least to guard the public against the daring un-
ions of such men in future
Foreign Articles.
'i in. I'l.'.ytfE. — The horrors produced by this tcr-
i'llfj Kcouvg-c may, in part, be imagined by the fol-
! .1 the kingdom of Maples, the sea cordon,
FIXANCES OF HOLLAND. — The expenditures of the
Dutch government for 1816, are estimated at 82
millions of florins; and the revenue at 75 minions.
But the government would not augment the taxes
nor require a loan for the deficit, in the hope that
the expenses might be less than was calculated.
They more commonly exceed the calculation.
British army staff. — We have a long account of the
particulars belonging to the reduction in the staff
of the British army. The whole that is proposed
to be done will produce a saving for the present
year of about 40,000/. but hereafter expected to be
80,000. This is like "throwing out a sprat to catch
mackarel" — and the people of England will feel
it so. The arrangement leaves out very few of the
great folks — the dismissal of a single one of which,
who might as easily be spared as the least of .those
discharged, would, perhaps, save quite as much
money. But the system must needs be to make the
-ich richer and the poor poorer.
LAYALETTK. — Interesting anecdote. It is with plea-
iiire we record the following instance of noble fide-
ity and generosity, so honorable to the character of
?renchmcn :
"M. de Laval ctte, flying with his deliverer, had
pproached the frontier. The post-master, examin-
ig his countenance, recognized him through his
lisguise, and instantly a postilion was sent off at
all speed. M. de Lavalette urged his demand for
>rses. The post-master had quitted the house, and
fiven orders that none should be supplied. The
avellers fancied themselves discovered, and saw
o means of escaping, in a country with which tiey
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— FOREIGN ARTICLES.
229
were unacquainted; they resolved upon defending
their lives dearly. The post-master at length re-
turned unattended, and addressing himself to M. de
Lavalette, he said, "you have the appearance of a
man of honor; you are going to Brussels, where you
will see M. de Lavalette: deliver him these 200
louis, which I owe him, and which he is no doubt
in want of," and without waiting for an answer, he
threw the money into the carriage, and withdrew,
saying, you will be drawn by my best horses, a
postillion is gone on to provide relays for the con-
tinuance of your journey."
BRITISH INTERFERENCE, &c. — In a speech deliver-
ed by lord Castlereagh in the commons on the 16th
of February last, he thus lashed that insolence and
pride of his countrymen which so often excites the
disgust of the world : — "It was impossible for any
man who had beea on the continent, and\\ho knew
what had lately passed, and what was passing there,
(he did not allude to any individual, or to any par-
ticular transaction,) not to be sensible that there
Was, on the part of the English, a tone of inter-
ference and dictation, and contempt for that which
did not assimilate with our native institutions, which
did not square with our own notions, that, if it
were not kept in due bounds, was calculated to do
the character of the country infinite mischief; and
that in proportion to the gratitude due from those
among whom this tone was used, was the danger of
our losing their confidence and admiration."
List of the persons composing the British ministry
First l«rd of the treasury — Earl of Liverpool.
Lord chancellor — Lord Eldon.
Lord privy seal — Earl of Westmoreland.
President of the council — Earl of Harrewby.
Three secretaries of state — Visc«unt Sidmoutb,
(home); viscount Castlereagh, (foreign); earl Ba-
•thurst, (war.)
Chancellor of the exchequer — Right hon. Nicholas
Vansittart.
First lord of the admiralty — Viscount Melville.
Master general of the ordnance — Earl of Mus-
grave.
President of the board of control — Earl of Buck-
inghamshire.
Chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster — Right hon.
Charles Bathurst.
Master of the Mint — Right hon. Wm. Wellesley
Pole.
The above forms the cabinet.
Lord steivard — Earl Cholmondely.
Lord chamberlain — Marquis of Hertford.
•Master of the horse — Duke of Montrose.
Treasurer of the navy — Right hon. Geo. Rose.
Secretary at War — Viscount Palmerston.
Paymasters of the forces — Right hon. Charles Long
and right hon. Frederick John Robinson.
President of the board of trade — Earl of Clancarty
Vice-president of do.— Right hon. Frederick John
Robinson.
Attorney general — Sir \Tm. Garrow, knt.
Solicitor general — Sir Samuel Shepherd, knt.
Postmasters-general — Earl of Chichester and ear'
Clancarty.
Lieutenant-general of the ordnance — Sir Hildebrand
Oakes, bart.
IIlELAJfl).
Lord-lieutenant of Ireland— Earl Whitworth,'K. B
Commander of the forces — Right hon. gen. sir Geo
Hewett.
Lord chancellor — Lord Manners.
Secretary of state— Right, hon. Robert Peel.
Chancellor of the exchequer—Right, hon. Wm. Ve
sey Fitzgerald,.
Jlttoney- general — Right hon. Wm. Saurin.
Solicitor. general — Charles Kendal Bushe, esq.
STOCKS. — London, Jlpril\Q — Om. 16 1-8; Om. for
payt. 16 5-8 1-4; Cons, for May, 62 1 3-4 7-8.
American — Three per cents. 51, 51 1-2; old sixper
cents, unc. (The above with dividend from the 1st
April, 1816.) Louisiana 6 per cents, unc. with divd.
"rom the first Jan. 1816.
Lord Cochrane. The house of commons has re-
used to print the charges of lord Cochrane against
he chief-justice lord Ellenborough; and here the
msiness probably stops.
Conformably to the wishes of the Polish army, the
emperor of Russia has ordered a monument to be
erected to the memory of prince Poniatowsky, in
Poland.
The pope is under great financial embarrassments,
He has lately been obliged to take up 800,000 scudi
f the Jews.
A Paris paper, of April 3, says — Mrs. Patterson,
he daughter of Mr. Patterson, a. rich American, is
low in this city. She comes to establish her claim,
is the legitimate heir of an ex-king, to the very
arge estates that he has left in this country. It is
expected the trial will come on immediately.
Mr. Hyde de Neuville this day asked the .cham-
>er to grant him permission to be absent a sufficient
:ime to attend to the mission, conferred upon him
*y his majesty, as minister to the United States.
His request was granted."
White slaves. — Letters from Munich mention that
a territory with 50,000 white slaves is arranged as
a donation to prince Evgenc — JBeauharnois, we sup-
pose.
Gen. Willot, who resided in Baltimore many years,
appears to have command in Corsica, where all
things are said to be quiet.
Some parts of Spain are exceedingly infested with
robbers, carrying on business in a wholesale way.
Cardinal Maury has entered a monastery in Italv.
M. Tovignot, mayor of Maillis, has been discharg-
ed from office, by an order from the prefect of the
department of Cote d'Or, for making use of dis-
course which tended to render doubtful the inviola-
bility of the sales of the national domains.
The queen of Portugal, who had been mad for
many years, lately died at Rio Janeiro.
Eugene Beauharnois (Bonaparte's adopted son)
appears to be obtaining great consideration in Eu-
rope. The discontented of France look up to him as
their hope. He is quite in favor at Vienna, "where
the downfal of the English party was confident! v
expected."
Several German papers announce, that general
Drouet D'Erlon, has fixed his abode at Bayreuth,
and that Augereuu will settle at Offenback, where
general Aiix also solicits permission to reside.
A letter from Paris, says— Private letters from
Grenoble state, that government haviivg- sent there
a newly raised regiment of Herault, some of this
corps applied the term brigand to the half-pay offi
cers stationed there. A duel ensued of seven against,
seven; five of the royal officers were slain, and two
wounded; their places are to be resumed, and a si-
milar affair was to take place again next day.
The duchess of Angouleme, whoae gentleness ol:
disposition is proverbial in France, is stated to be
half-mac] with jealousy at the eclat she fears may
arise from the intended marriage of the duke oY
Berri to the Neapolitan princess, having understood
that they are to have the palace of the Elysee Bour-
bon for a residence, which might become a sort of
a rival to the court at the Thuilleries.
The empress Mum Louisa, as she js still called—
STILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1816.
(and if she be a "legitimate" empress, was not her
husband, from whom she derived the title, a "legiti-
mate" emperor^ it is said i» about to proceed to
Italy, to take possession of her states; though the
administration of them is provisionally to remain
in the hands of Austria.
PAKIS, MAucn'22.— It is said that M. de Beausset,
tvho Avas with the empress Maria Louisa at Vienna,
and who is returned to France, was charged with
a particular mission to the king, and that in an au-
dience which he had of his majesty, he declared to
him, on the part of the emperor of Austria, that
Maria Louisa had resumediier title of empress, and
her son that of imperial prince, a particular cir-
cumstance gives AV eight to this intelligence. The
policehas prohibited the journals from announcing
the departure of this princess from Vienna. The
Moniteur, -however, announced yesterday this de-
parture, and thus designated the spouse of Na-
poleon, lie? majesty the archduchess Maria Louisa, &c.
The police lias now considerable occupation in
the country. The peasants, in a great number of
the departments, assemble every Sunday to discuss
political affairs; they form a species of clubs, and
their reasonings are doubtless not in unison with
the present government; for in several quarters a
great number of these peasants have been arrested.
This affair nr.uch disquiets the government.
A merchant of Metz has been arrested for intro-
ducing into France several numbers of a foreign
gazette: they were found in a carriage coming from
Luxemburg.
His excellency the minister of the interior has
prohibited the owners of circulating libraries from
admitting into them licentious or irreligious books,
under penalty of having their sho^s scaled up, and
the patent taken from them.
DTTIII.TX, April 11.
TTc have London papers of Monday the 8th by
this clay's mail, and Paris papers and letters to the
*;;t.h instant.
Princess Charlotte. In a letter from Paris, dated
the 4th inst. inserted in a leading ministerial paper
of Monday, we observe the following curious pas-
sage :
"M. Bonald, the author of the Political Legisla-
tion, and member of the chamber of deputies, sent
to the Journal des Dcbats, which the censor very
prudently suppressed — the purport of it v/as against
the right of succession in the female branch of the
regal family of Great Britain. Th e author affirmed
that ah adherence to such a system would create
un inevitable convulsion in Europe. It. is perhaps
to be regw;ttcd, thutlhe absurd speculation of this
man was not permitted to see the day."
^Ve forbear entering into any comment on this
very strange piece of intelligence, but it will, we
conceive occasion much, speculation,
The following from a London paper, also seems
somewhat unaccountable ;
" The prince of Coburg has ordered fifty grey
horses to be purchased for his stables ; and the
establishment of the royal couple are to wear the
Coburr livery, i'.istcr.d of that of the royal house of
England."
prance. As a sample of personal safety in France
under the government, established by the deliver-
ers, two of the counsellors \vho defended general
Truvot on his trial have been thrown into prison.
Emigration to France. On this subject we extract
the following from an English paper :
"Jt is with much regret we learn that several gen-
teel families are shortly about to emigrate from
?n'3 neighborhood to France — among1 the rest :\
gentleman, \\jio is a magistrate of the county.
siding1 a few miles distant from this city, of Consi-
derable landed property — so that the annual value
of his estates will be laid out with Frenchmen. —
We are sorry that this unpatriotic custom is so pre-
valent— it is a serious and growing evil: it is much
to be wished that the legislature would attach some
weighty taxation on British capital thus transferred
into the hands of foreigners."
Bonaparte. The Zehobia sloop of war arrived in
Plymouth Sound, on Monday the 1st inst. from St.
Helejia, after a passage of 6 weeks. Some of the
Zenobia's people had been employed in fitting up
the house at Longv/ood for the ex-cmperor. The
stories about sentinels threatening and firing at
him, of captain Poplewell, k.c. &c. turn out to be
the rankest gossips. Bonaparte suffers no com-
plaint to escape his lips; submits to his confinement
(which he believes to be temporary) with philoso-
phy, and appears to have infused the same spirit
into his followers. Bonaparte was on the best foot-
ing with the officers of the 53d, but declined idle
visits of curiosity.
Public E.rpeiiditures. Amongst the many curious
items of charges laid upon the tuble of the'house of
commons, is one which has attracted the attention
of the opposition, viz: 6000 pounds for her majes-
ty's travelling expenses to and fro to Brighton.'
CHRONICLE.
ROYAI SPANISH PHOCLAMATJOV. — In the city of
Caraccas, the 12th March, 1&16, Don Salvador
Mexo, brigadier general, and captain general, ad
interim of these provinces, says: — That being in-
formed of the criminal correspondence that exists1
between the emigrants that arc iu the neighboring-
islands, and many of the inhabitants of these pro-
vinces, who will not acknoAvledge the beneficence
that the legitimate government has observed toward
them, and notwithstanding the indulgence that has
been observed towards' many, who have been most
criminal in the revolutions of their provinces, per-
sist in their machinations: Decrees the absolute
prohibition to all communication between these in-
habitants and the said emigrants, prohibiting also
all species of pecuniary assistance in money or pro-
duce, that might be given by any person under any
pretext to those criminals; well understood, that if*
any letter, from one to the other should be detect-
ed, although purely familiar, will be considered an.
infraction on the orders of the government, the same
with any pecuniary aid; the which shall be chastised
with death, tvithout excepting 'the , ~ -tnetiing se^; and
that all may know it, it shall be published and fixed
in the usual places, ami the requisite testimonies
being put, shall be published in all the sea ports.
Signed, SALVADOR MOX'O.
MARIA LION DE URBINA,
Public notary of the government,
Tiir. CHEEK INDIANS. — A p;-.rt of these deluded
people have latterly committed several acts of hos-
tility upon us. "VVedid hope that 'they had learnt
prudence by merited chastisement. The letter be-
low from col, Hawkins may be regarded as entirely
authentic. 300 men of the 4th U. S. Infantry march-
ed from Charleston for fort Hawkins, on the 20th
tilt, they will immediately be followed by two com-
panies of artillery— these, with the forcf already in
the neighborhood of the savages and the local as-
sistance that may be relied on, we trust, may be
sufficient to command the peace,without bloodshed,
or otherwise to punish its violators.
We have understood from a source entitltd le-
ered it (says a Charleston paper) that the
ME WEEKLY REGISTER— CHRONICLE;
231
Creeks with the approbation of the United States', The amount of American property confiscated at
agent and the governor ot East Florida, have deter- Naples, is said to be valued at 7 millions of dollars,
mined to break up a settlement which has been
some time forming among the Seminolcs, by runa-
way negroes, chiefly from this state. They formed
no inconsiderable'part of col Nicholls' motly force
* _ . i , I „ IV . 4 U n
Salt. A very considerable domestic supply of
this important article article is now furnished by
the Coneiuauffh salt works, near Greensburg, Penn-
sylvania. At present they furnish 100 bushels per
on AppaSi'ic^ throughout the year, and the quantity will
BritiS evacuated the territory, the negroes and a probably, by additional works, soon be increased
few Indians still }\?M possession of the fort, having equal to the demand. There appears to be no pros-
received arms P«d ammunition from their allies. pect of wanting a supply of salt water, and nnme-
MILIEGEVILLK, MAY 15. diately adjacent to the furnaces there is an inexr
LMroRTAyi ••— Thefotloinny letter from 'col. Hawkins haustible quantity of coal. The wells are nearly
to tte executive of this state was received yesterday \ 1™*1' tothose at Kcnahwa, already described lit
by express.
Creek Jlgenct/, lQth
1816'
I have received two communications from lieut.
col. Clinch, who commands at Fort Gaines on Chat,
to,l»,cho, (about 65 miles below Fort Mitchell) of
the 3d and 7th. The first to inform me "the In-
dians surprised and took two soldiers who had
charge of thirty head of cattle near the Fort, and
drove off the cattle. They were pursued 45 miles
on the trail which leads to St. Marks. I have de-
manded the soldiers, their horses, cattle and party
of Indians of their chiefs." On the 7th, "the spy I
sent after the party reported that they had crossed
Flint river near Burgess's old place; they had not
killed the two men, but understood they intended
to do so, if they become too fatigued to travel.
That the Seminoles and all the towns near the con-
fluence of Flint and Chattohochee were preparing
for war; they had been drinking their war physic
and dancing for several days. It was understood
they were to divide themselves in two parties, one
to go against Hartford, the other to attack Fort
Caines." "This report is confirmed by an Indian
arrived last evening direct from the hostiles; three
white men you well know, came this morning to
inform me "they were of opinion the Seminoles
and adherents are preparing to strike a blow some
where; and that all the towns who wish to remain
friendly, are preparing to remove above the line."
That the Seminoles and lower Indians are deter-
mined on a war I have not the smallest doubt.
the RKOISTEU.
LITERATI Y — **.# Star in the Weat.n A work urrder
this title has lately been published by Mr. D. Fen-
ton, of Trenton, N. J. The author, ;Elias Boudi-
not, Esq. L. L. D. it appears, has attempted to prove
that the Indian nations of America are the descend-
ants of the long-lost ten tribes of Israel. \Ve have
not seen the work, but from the recommendations
of it by eminent men, we must believe it very inge-
nious and highly interesting, on many accounts; but
especially, as furnishing a portraiture of the man-
ners, habits and customs of the lost tribes of Israel,
and of those supposed to be their descendants.
Rapid transportation. — Waggons with upwards of
3500 pounds weight have reached Pittsburg in thir-
teen days from Philadelphia!
FORWARD. J. and S. Gleason, of Philadelphia,
have in use a machine which cuts 5^0 teeth to cm>
ry-combs in a minute — and they say that they nre
prepared fur making 1000 curr\ combs in a day.
they also manufacture, on a large scale, several
sorts of screws, bolts, rivets, &c.
Fourth of July. The patriotic ship-Wrights of
New- York, have commenced the building of a mina-
ture 74 gun ship [40 feet keel] to be completely
equipped for an intended procession on -the 4th 61*'
July next, in that city.
West India trade. The British refuse us entry o?
any article — the French will receive only luru.be?
and fish — in Anlerican vessels. A letter from Ma"-
'I feel it my duty to communicate to you, and [Unique mentions, that the jiorts of that island ure
through you to my fellow-citizens on the frontiers | shut against all vessels except French and English.
of Georgia, rumors that are in Circulation, as a lit- Harbury slaves. A captain Croker, of the British
tie vigilance on their part, mav save the lives of
many helpless women and children."
I deem it my duty to make this communication
to you, to give the publicity its importance re-
navy who has lately returned to England from At-
giers, has laid before the public a letter on the
subject of the slavery of the christiai-s, ofwhici*
he was an eve witness ; calculated to excite t . •
quires, in conformity with the desire of the colonel, | best feelings* of humanity : the- African :,!ur:' t
and am, very respectfully, your excellency's obed't
serv't, , BENJAMIN HAWKINS, Jgeiitfor L A.
His excel, gov. Mitchell.
NASUVILI.F., (Ten.) May 1.— The United States
have agreed to relinquish to the Cherokee Indians
all the lands ceded by the Creeks to them north of
a line to he run from a point opposite to the lo\ver
end of the Ten Islands on Cocsa river, directly to I
the Flat rock on Bear creek, a branch of Tennessee'
river. The United Ststes was represented in this
business by a clerk of one of the departments, who
probably knew as much of the boundary of theChe-
rokees as a Cherokee does of the limits of London.
Six Chickasaw Indians passed through this town
on Monday, on their way to Washington city. We
vjas nothing to it.
Shame on those ^"ho govern the old world, iov
their canting hypocrisy about the sJavtTv of th ^
blacks, while they leave the whites, their own rour.-
trymen, at the mercy of the Algerines and o
barbarians. This republic has-shewa them the '.vny
in which to negotiate on a subject so inttreyi i:ig.
Joseph Bonaparte lias removed his establishment
from the neighborhood of New-York, to Lan»j» „•;•/,.
on the bunks of the Schuyikill, and a'jcnit ^mi*
miles from Philadelphia.
uteain-buat navigation. Mr. Livingston, or" \V-;\ >
Orlejins, under a law of the state of Louisiana, as
tlie assignee of Fulton and Livingston's •:•.;'•<•'.'.".•.' re-
calculate from the success of the Cherokee mission- right to navigate the Mississippi ami its wafrr*; by
era tliat they will get the balance of the Creek lands.! steam,- so far as respects the navigation from .AV::-
We wish to God the Creeks had our.negociators ini Orleans to and up the lied nver,
.'ir power*; — no language can convey the indig
tion felt at the scandalous trafficking in this ca*
hus prevented th^
their power*— no language can convey the indig na-i steam-bout Htrspateh, of Pittsbttvg;, vVom tukhu,- :,
tinn frit at ii>p c,.™/iu!,,,,o t,..,nw;nrr ;,ith;a /.<,*.> 1 return curii'o at New-Orleans, though, u
return
she is woi-ked by -machinery quite distinct, h-om th'i.
'v?3. wilder th« alorwrtiid patent. Ji-lui-,,. iuw
232
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1816.
fwmtted her to go out of '-he limits of the state with- committed to the grave on the 27th, in the handsoni
out incurring a penalty. The procedure appears like- est manner."
IT to create much sensation i-i the "western world." Guayra* May 4, 1816. A courier has just arrived
" The managers of the Baltimore theatre appropri- here, despatched by gen. Mprillo, announcing tha*
ated a night* last week to aid the city fund for the(the royal army und?r liis cmnmand, had subdued
relief of the widows and families of those who fell] the kingdom of Santa r^, the capital of which he
in defence of the city in Sept. 1814 — the profits of j entered on the 6th of Ayril, having defeated irt
which 434 dollars and 50 cents, were placed in the> their march the several ban4s of insurgents wh<»
hands of the mavor. j undertook to oppose and stop tve progress of h«s
The loss of property by the insurrection of the victorious army. Tranquility was «0 completely
negroes in Bavbaclocs" has been very great— they] restored throughout the kingdom, anci its inhabi-
destroyed SO estates or plantations, but do not ap-jtants evinced their loyalty and attachment to his
pear to have desired the death of the whites, for itjmajesty's government by such proofs of sincerity,
•seems that only two or three white persons were! that general Morillo has ordered that a considfc*fl-
killed in the \yhole affair. One account says, thatjble part of his army should return to the provinces-
600 another that 2000, of them were killed before of Venezuela, and that 3000 men should march to
they submitted.
TO ins
this subject the Rich-
Panama, thence to embark for Lima, with the ob-
ject of completing the subjugation of Buenos Ayres.
A squadron of the naval forces belonging to the
expedition has received orders to sail from Carth a-
trcs- ing- to every generous heart— but is it- possible gena, and cruise against the vessels of the insur
n , , 1 . 1\ ' U..i._l _____ 3 — 1 __ . ___ I_. *K~ rv-or»fc* on/I -r»it»ot^t \irll r\ It/ffr* ff»t C/*1 tt^t*l»rl OVPV
moud Enquirer has the following remark:
The insurrection of slaves in Bar.ba
fiurbadoes is dis
to forget tl at the butchered planters are only the
victims of those misfortunes which their country -
Tncn wbuld have brought upon us? — It was they
wh'o wcmld^iave taught our slaves to rebel, to de-
sert, and to massacre their masters — it was they
who wove them into regiments, landed them upon
our shores, and taught them to lure away their fel-
lows. — The British nation ought to have recollected,
that the day of visitation might come upon them —
when the dagger which they pointed at our throats
might be aimed at their own.
Seftaration of Maine. — The question was taken on
Monday week on the separation of Maine from Mas-
sachusetts. It is believed from the return of votes
received, that a great majority are for separation.
SPANISH BRAVERY. Further particulars. — Extract
of a letter from an officer in the Mediterranean squa-
dron to his friend in Boston, dated Port Mahon,
March 7, 1816. "On the 25th of Feb. some from
the squadron, had permission to go on shore; while
Hmcn;' themselves they became noisy and quarrel-
some, but with no one except their ship-mates. —
Their noise soon attracted the attention of the
gents and pirates, who were yet scattered
those seas.
guard, who came in and attempted to carry them
t:> the guard-house, which the independence of an
American tar justly resented; but resistance was
useless against the bayonets of a savage guard. —
Some of 'the men who were wounded, retreated to
1 lie hotel, where our officers rc.orted; immediate-
ly upon seeing than, and hearing of the disturbance,
is, probably, a royal/«esse to keep
the Venezuelans to their allegiance to Ferdinand
the "adored," and conceal the disasters of J\forilh,
as noticed in our last paper. At least, we hope and
believe it is false.]
Important act, passed by the legislature of JV
at its last session.
Be it enacted by the people of the state of New York ,
represented in senate and assembly, That from and af
ter the first day of May next, no spinning wheels,
weaving looms or stoves, placed or put up for use
and kept for use in any dwelling house, shall be le-
vied upon, taken or sold by virtue of any execution,
nor clestrained for rent, within this state.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. — It appears,
from a comparison of the different censuses, taken
since the adoption of the federal constitution, that
the population of the United States increases at thr
rate of 3 percent, per annum; that is, it doubles in
23 years. There is every reason to believe, that the
population will continue to increase in this proper
tion for many years; perhaps for a century to come
The vast unsettled interior of North America will
continue to accommodate, with nearly the same ease
that it does at present, all the millions which would
be produced during that period, by such a rate of
. . increase. The following schedule will show the
midshipmen Sharp, Moore, and Mr. Terry (master popllliltion of the United States for 110 years to
of tke Ontario) with some of pur officers, went out, come> at intcrvals of 33 years> supposing the in-
intending to deter these midnight assassins from
their horrid intentions — but their presence served
only tp increase the fury of the Spanish guard, who
had by this time driven the sailors nearly down to
the hotel, where these gentlemen met them, and
•A-ere immediately charged upon; they attempted to
regain the hotel, but the landlady had shut the door
and concealed the key.
"After Uiey hud arrived ;>J tlic house, expecting
the door again to be opened, they suffered the guard
to come up; upon declaring themselves to be Ame-
rican officers, the Spanish lieutenant gave orders to
charge upon them. Mr. Moore, in attempting his
%cape, was knocked down with a musket and stab-
bed; and while crying for mercy, the lieutenant step-
p^d up and run him through, when he expired im-
mediately. A.r. Terry was stabbed in the side,1
thigh and arm, but is on the recovery. The other
olh'cers escaped unhurt; some of the men were se-
verely wounded, but none killed. In honor to the
memory of this valuable officer, his remains were
crease to be in the proportion we have mentioned
In 1810, it was, in round numbers, 7,000,000
In 1833, it will be, 14,000,000
In 1856, 28,000,000
In 1879, 56,000,000
In 1902, 112,000,000
In 1925, 224,000,000
This last number, scattered over a territory of
three millions square miles, would average about
70 to each mile; a population about as dense as that
of Massachusetts proper, and as the average of all
Europe. [Boston Recorder.
SAVANNAH, Geo. — Amount of exports of cotton,
rice and tobacco from Savannah, from 1st Novem-
ber, 1815, to 27th April, 1816.
Sea-Island cotton, 10,722 bales
Upland ditto 62,698
Rice,
Tobacco, 1,501 hogsheads
WEEKLY EEGISTEI
so. 15 u > VOL. X.]
HALTIMORE, SATUIfDAY, JUNES, 1816.
249.
hac olim meminissc juvabit. — VIIICIL.
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED 11V H. JTItES, AT THE HEAD OF IIHKAPSIUK, AT j§5 PEH ANNUM.
CD" A gentleman of great respectability has put
i'Ho our possession a venerable paper, that will be
read with interest by almost every man in America.
St is an original copir, if the term may be used, of the
Better of "colonel Washington to his mother, written
immediately aftei* Braddock's defeat," and, proba-
bly, the only copy of that letter extant — its authen-
ticity is indubitable. Accident prevented its insertion
in the present number, but it shall appear in our next.
We have also received a communication from a
very honest and sincere gentleman reprehending an
article .which appeared in the RKUISTSH some time
i'-i^o, advocating1 an increase of the salaries of the
officers of government, resident at Washington City
—which shall be noticed hereafter.
An article is nearly ready for press, on banks
and bank notes— especially to shew and to censure
the wicked and distressing proceedings (an evil
alarmingly increasing) of directors, officers and
clerks in these institutions being engaged in what is
vulgarly called the shaving of notes. In almost every
place where there is a bankj certain representatives
of money are in circulation which the bank will net
opunly receive, or absolutely refuses to receive in
deposit, though such representative may really be,
und, in the sober judgment of the directors, is be-
lieved to be, in every respect, as good as that of
their particular bank. This may be useful and pro-
per in some cases, but the rule has reached a ruinous
extent; and, I believe, in numerous instances applied
solely through the influence of individuals, who, like
Harpies, are fattening themselves on the blood of
the poor — for it is only the poor and needy that ge
shaved. I am clearly of opinion that if such proce-
dure exists, and is not checked, that the people)
•who have a remedy in themselves, should apply it,
however disagreeable, and lash the "money changers"
1 consider the business of brokerage to be a fail-
business, and agree with the saying that "the worth
of a thing is what it will brine"— but km also satis-
fied, if the privileges that have been conferred by
the public for the public benefit, afe diverted to
advance the fortunes of individuals at the public loss,
that the public is abused, and ought to be redressec
—"peaceably if they can, violently if they must."
Far be it from me t« suppose that the body of di-
rectors and officers of banks in the United States
are concerned in shaving. But I am very certain
that some of them are, and am also convinced that
the honest men in many of these institutions are
ignorantly or inadvertantly made rhe tools of the
Shylockt amongst them. Let no correct gentleman
reel mortified at these remarks; for even "when the
sons of God assembled, Satan came among them."
The purpose of the proposed article is, that the
honest men should ferret out the rogues that ma-
lueuvre to create and then prey upon, Uie necessities
of the people.
I have long thought this subject as of great im-
portance; but felt reluctant to notice a matter that
might be supposed to reflect. on the characters of
men so respectable as those who direct and govern
our moni'M institutions generally are However, it
seems it ought to be done by homebody ,• and as 1
«are for no one further than simple justice and
honest civility requires, it annoys that / owht to
cb it, as well as I c r. '
VOL. X.
Original Anecdotes.
OF OH. J'ilAXKLIX.
A distinguished friend has furnished us with the
"olio wing an eccl >te, copied from a letter addressed
:o him in 1799, by one of his correspondents, who
ladjust then visited Mr. Je/ergsn, at Monticeii:>.
After speaking of the hospitality with which he
was received by Mr. Jefferson, he says — "I wish J
lad time to detail to you all the topics of conversa-
tion, but I must not omit an anecdote he told us of
Dr. Franklin. Mr. Jefferson and the doctor were
sometime together in Paris. They dined one day
with a large party, consisting of many distinguished
characters of France, and several Americans. The
abbe Raynal and Dr. Franklin, the two celebrat-
ed philosophers, had much conversation : amonf
other things, the abbe observed, that in America
all animals degenerated; and he made many ieariv-
ed and profound ooservations especially to shew thi^
effect of the climate on the people, although so re-
cently from a European stock. The doctor listen-
ed with his usual patience and attention, and, at'-
ter the abbe had finished, pleasantly remarked,
that where a difference of opinion existed, it was
the custom in deliberative assemblies to divide
the house — he therefore proposed that the Euro-
peans should go to one side of the room and the*
Americans to the other, that the
fairly taken. It was accordingly
ed that all the Americans present were stoul me
full of life, health and vigor, while all the Euro-
peans were small, meagre and dwarfish. The
doctor cast his eye along the lines, and with a smile
proclaimed his victory to the mortified abbe, whose
theory was so completely overthrown bv the de-
monstration before him — which he had the candor
to acknowledge on the spot."
OF CAPT. SMITH, I.ATK OF THE U. S. XAVT.
It \vill be recollected, that capt. Smith, late of tho
navy, (deceased) went to the Havanna, about the
conclusion of the war, with the hope of recovering1
his health. While there, a part of the Uritish force
which had been against New Orleans, arrived at
that port. Several of the officers put up at the house
where capt. Smith boarded, among whom was a co-
onel, who, not knowing him, and probably taking
lim for one of his own countrymen, one dav de-
icribed to him, in the most
rocity of the Ktntuckians.
'they are absolute murderers! they shot at us as de-
iberately as if we had been squirrels, and some-
imes they seemed ready to grapple with us, and
to knock out our brains with the but-ends of our
he question might bo
'ly done. It happen-
terrible terms, the fe-
Wiiy, sir," said he—-
wn muskets, after wresting them from, us! God.
forbid, (added he, while his blood seemed to cur-
dle in his veins at the idea} that. I should ever fall
nio the hands of these savages!"' Capt. S. humored
Uie colonel to the full, and very seriously congra-
tulated' him on the escape he' had made — "for,5*
said he, "I know the Kentuckians well, and if the-/
had caught an officer of your rank, they certainly
would have roasted you alive, and have eaten the
half of you before the other half \vas dead" — which
the ofh'eer seemed to think was likely enough! Uut
after a good deal (.'i' conversation on the subject or"
the defenders of Xe\v-Orlc:uis, the colonel \vusnol
Q
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE S, 1S16.
r. little surprised, when captain Smith, looking him
fairly in the face, said, with great animation — "I am
proud, sir, to declare myself a fellow-citizen of
those you have so much abused. I do know the
Kerrtuckifma — their liearts is the seat of honor, of
courage and of generosity — I wish T could say that
of those who traduce them. My name is Smith, a
rapliiin in the navy of the United States, absent from
duty for my health; and you know that I lodge in
tlits house.** On which he turned on his heel and
left the colonel, not a little miserable that he could
not congratulate himself on escaping a roasting by
the Kentuckians without actually receiving one in a
neutral port! and from that time forward he kep"
Lid thoughts to himself.
OF CATC1IIXR TAtfTvKEs!
There is an old black woman at the Havanna,
known to almost every one who frequents that port
ns a washer of clothes, in which business she em-
ploys several slaves, having acquired a handsome
property by it. She is partial to the Americans,
having made the greater part of her money thr on gl
thrm. When same of the Uritish ships slopped
there on their way for the coast of Louisiana, she,
r.s usual, boarded the ships in search of business —
:>. nil having1 dispatched that, she asked the captain
or one of the 74's, "where are you going, massn?"
who replied, "we are going to catch some d — d yan-
kces at New-Orleans. We shall stop here as we
come buck, und I'll sell you a dozen or two ve-
ry cheap, for washer-women." "Ah ha! massa!
}ou better let 'e d — d yankte 'lone," said she — "I
tell ye, you better let him 'lone!" When the same
ship returned to Havanna, after the dreadful defeat
on the 8th of January, the old woman again board-
ed, and observing the captain, said "well, massa, 1
conic to buy some yankee!"- Hut the joke was
stale, and the officer refused a reply — on which she
.idded, archly, "didn't 1 tell you, massa, you better
let 'e yankee 'lone!"
The Western Country.
Extract of a letter to the editor of the W
TKnfrom a friend at Chilllcothe, Ohio.
"The western country continues to rise in popula-
tion and importance with unabated rapidity. This
town has been, since the war, full to overflowing;
many being obliged to leave it after coming from the
Eastern states, not being able to get a room to dwell
in. More houses will be built this summer than
during1 the last three years together. Manufacto-
ries of several important kinds are establishing,
among which is a steam grist and saw mill. , The
surveyor-general ia making arrangements for laying
out, agreeably to late acts of congress, towns at
the Lower liapids of SaJidusky, and at the Ilapids
of the Miumi of the Lakes. The local situation of
the hitter cannot bat render it a most important
•placr. It will be situated at some point within the
reservation of twelve miles square, to which vessels
«if a small tonnage can j-sccnd, and as near the foot
of tl.c rapids :is maybe. I believe the time not very
tlistiuit when the wealth and resources of the west-
ern country will be brought almost to your doors,
Jiy means of :m extensive inland navigation through
the lakes nnii the grand canal proposed to be made
jn Kcw-York. It will be an easy matter to connect
the Mihmi of Ihc Lakes and the Miami of the Ohio
jby a canal; the face of the country between the head
«of the navigation of each of those rivers being quite
3cvel. What an extensive inland navigation would
t Tic n be opened1 — 1'rom New-Orleans to tire Hud-
"The whole of that fine tract in Indiana territory,
generally called Harrison's purchase, is now survey-
ed, and will be ottered for sale. That part in Je'f-
fersonville district to commence on the first Mon-
day in September next; and that part in Yincennes
district on the second Monday in the same month.
This tract contains near three minions of acres of ex-
cellent land; and is, perhaps, the greatest body of
good land in the western country. Indiana will bej
settled as fast as Ohio."
To the foregoing it is pleasant to add t it? foil o-ving ab-*
stract of an account of the town O^M OUST PtElSAKl',
in Ohio, from the Western Herald.
The town of Mount Pleasant, in Jefferson county,
in 1806, containing only seven families, living mostly
in cabins — last MMnerit had between 80 and 90 fa-
milies and about 500 souls, besides journeymen and
laborers, transient persons, and its private build-
ings were mostly of brick.
There were 7 stores; 3 taverns; 3 saddler's, 3 hat-
ter's, 4 blacksmith's, 4 weaver's, 6 boot and shoe
maker's, 8 carpenter's, 3 tailor's, 3 cabinet makers,
1 baker's, 1 apothecaiy's, and 2 waggon maker's
shops — 2 tanneries; 1 shop for making wool carding-
machines; 1 with a machine for spinning wool; 1
manufactory for spinning thread from fax,- 1 nail
factory; 2 wool carding machines. The public build-
ings were — 1 meeting house belonging to the socie-
ty of Friends, or Quakers, built of brick, two-sto-
ries high, with galleries, 92 feet by 60; 1 brick
school house, 46 by 22 feet; and 1 brick market-
"louse, 32 by 16.
Within the distance of six miles from the town
.vere— 9 merchant mills; 2 grist mills; 12 saw mills:
1 paper mill, with 2 vats; 1 woolen factory, with 4-
ooms, and 2 fulling mills.
Population and Representation.
MARYLAND & VIRGINIA.
It is known to every one that this work takes jio
part whatever in the business oj elections — but there
are certain general things belonging to the right -of
suffrage, which come fairly within the scope of our
plan, and ought to be noticed.
We have, by several tables from official docu-
ments, shewn the vile principle of the constitution
of Maryland, which gives to the minority the power
of ruling the majority, as has been the case in this
state for several yours past. It was no matter that
the republicans had a majority of 8 or 10,000 over
the federalists (we use the terms for distinction's
e only) still the executive, and what is called
the popular branch of the legislature, were federal \
This arises from the Old *S'u?-7/fH-provisions in our
brm of government, which culls for the represen-
tation of certain arbitrary districts of country, call-
ed counties (some 3, 4 or 5 times larger than others)
without regard to thfe people living therein! And so
t is, that one man in some of these counties has as
much weight in the government of the state, as
en as good men in others.
The senate of Maryland is constituted in the
same iniquitous manner, and, in several respects, is,
yet more exceptionable. It is elected for five years
jy electors chosen by the districts, or counties,.
iforesaid, without regard to their population, and
.his body has the power to fill up its own vacan-
ies! The present senate is republican, and its pe-
iod of service expires this year.
As the gaining of the senate by Ike federalists,
vould almost indubitably fix the executive charar,-
er of the state of their own political sentiment
during the time of its continuance-, both parties have
NILES' WEEKLY REGIS'TEH-POPULATION, &c.
333
viewed the approaching- election with the greatest
anxiety, and appear to be making- excessive exer-
tions to carry their adverse points. The follow-
ing1 very brief narration of notorious facts is wor-
thy of record, as well for its singularity, as to shew
the wretched rule of things by which we are go-
Verne d:
Amiaf)oUaJ\\c seat the of government of this state,
as well as the city of Jialtiinore, elects one elector
of the senate-^the counties elect two each. The
first named city has from 230 to 260 voters, the lat-
ter from 5 to 6,000; but each are equal under the
constitution! Baltimore city and county elect six
representatives of the eighty which compose the
house of delegates— this city and county pays about
one-tliird of all the revenues of the state, except-
ing such as are derived from dividends on stocks,
nnd :;t this time has very nearly one-fnurtti of the
free population; and therefore is entitled by contri-
bution to the government and by population, to
about one fourth of the governing power, or twenty
of the eighty representatives * Hut so it is, that
is republican by a majority of from 30 to
50 votes; audit appears" to have been thought by
the federalists that the character of the next senate
of Maryland, might depend on the result of the
election to be made in that city in September ensu-
ing— or, at least, that by securing the election of one
of their party there, they would secure the election)
of a federal senate. The constitution requires a '
residence of six months in the particular county or]
city where a citizen of Maryland offers to vote, to |
entitle him to the privilege" In March last, there-
fore, nearly forty persons suddenly took up their re-
sidence in ArmapnlLt\ and the fact came out, unde-
•hiivbly, that they were hired at the rate of from 20
to 30 dollars per month tesidea being found in pro-
visions, for six months, on condition that they con-
stantly remained there so as to secure a right to
vote, and should vote the federal ticket. The pro-
cedure, so palpable and notorious, excited great denned by law — and the law at prr.sem in operation
sensibility throughout the state, and promised to 'for this purpose, appears to have -been passed in
produce an effect opposite that which was hoped] 1792. The division and assignment might haves
for. A few days since, these miserable hirelings ! been fair then, but certainly is unjust no\v» The
were discharged, we would hope through the pow-!sen^te of Virginia consists of only 24 members —
er of sentiment of honorable men — but some will i respecting which the gentlemen above alluded to
soon give to (me man on the sea-board, the weigh*
of, perhaps, ffiy'm the interior, where the popula-
tion is so rapidly on the increase, and fipare is al-
lotted (in the comities') fora numerous people.
We have seen many excellent essays on this maf-
ttr in the newspapers of western Virginia, and the
subject is handled in a way that it cannot be touch-
ed by an opposing party, if such there be in the
state. The doctrine of re-presf ntat ion according-
to population, in a nnfi me. tmigere, indeed; for no
man will risk his reputation by contending for the
contrary, While he affects any regard for a republi-
can government.
The legislature of Vicginia is thus constituted—
every county sends two members to the house of
delegates, and the senate is chosen by districts of
counties.
In an address to the people of Virginia, by certain
gentlemen of tterkely, Frederick, Hanover, Wood,
Monongalia, Fauquief, Fairfax, London, Hampshire,
Jefferson and Brooke counties, just published over
their signatures in several of the Virginia paper?,
the following facts appear:
If the proportion of a certain cotmtr, sending
two members, be taken as a standard for the
rest, some of the counties ought to send
forty-five members.
Twenty counties on tide-water, v.Uh a popula-
lion of 53,443 white persons and twenty
counties in the upper country with 215,393
white inhabitants, are alike represented by
40 members in the house of delegates.
Forty nine counties and three boroughs, ri'lj re-
cent to each other in the eastern and soulii-
ern sections of the stale, send a majority of
the members of the house of delegates, a'-
tho' they contain only 204,766 whi.e inhabi-
tants, Ixing less than the half of the white
popula ion of the stale by 72,133 souls.
The districts of counties for electing senators are
not admit this, and sav it was for the want of funds
to support them; as certain of them, at least, were
told this was the cause, and were dismissed with-
out their wages, to work their way to their old
homes as well as they could.
Sac!; is the history of a transaction that has rais-
ed the warmth of parties te a great heighth in Ma-
ryland We notice it chiefly to shew the corrupt i
: 1 '.Mr-Mpting principle of our constitution,, with!
• --i-sitv of its amendment.
give us the following results:
The country west of the Rlue Ridge elects oc-
\\ fair senators, and is entitled 10 nine.
The thirteen districts on tide-water, fleeting1
13 senators (a majority of two in the senate)
have a population of only 162,717 white per-
sons— and such persons in the rest of the
state, electing only 11 senators, are nearly
400,000.
Tt is needless to go f>irthc:\ Tt may be added.,
hke anti-republican principle prevails in the however, that the present injustice to the majority
< i of Virginia. But as the general senti- of the people of Virginia, is daily on the increase",
people of that state i', republican, it Foiy.vhile the districts on the tide'waters nre hardly
en used with simple political views. It| stationary, if not declining in population, those in
ss not, how.cvep, on that account, the more just, orjthe interior are rapidly filling with a hardy, indtis-
J ess reprehensible. Tiie subject has latterly excit-| trious and intelligent people. This fact is
iCh attention in the state; it being thought by clearly shewn by the censurable published in th«
:;at the power so unfairly given by the con- {first volume of the WJ:>:KLI UKOISTKH, wherein th«r
Lit ion has b<-on used for /ocaf object*. " We have! population of all the counties of the state are given
It-en *he trouble to enquire into the justice of
"::s r.iurge, r,or is it necessary; for we have onlv
to do witli the rule of the constitution that .,...;..,.:,
•;-ne freeman in one r.ou ny equal to twelve freemen
otiier county—and which, if persisted in, will
*Th* reptibiJsan majority in J,:i.!tmu>i-e, is cons
,u».K}y niore than the ag^gate of «\\ the teflc-
'tes in tit" •:,
as ascertained in 1790,. 18-^0 and 1310. See page ^61? •
A few words by way of conclusion — •
We ti:L.ve fully exposed and severely condemned:
the rule by which the British house of commons is
.. m:;de up: (?*"nv.-r; discover the mote in a neighbor's
— I eye aria not regard the beam thai is in .o»ir own eye?
i- ; fwtjttsti&i runt ccehirr.. \\c have said lhat.it wa*
an wicked f^r the JJiiP'^J: 'to murder a, prince in^.
India, as it TVtts for Bunapartf. to mur"dcr a I*'.- ;v*
336 N1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JUNE 8, 1816.
tton prince in Europe.; and we certainly think
though it docs no\ suit the royal vices and monar-
chical notions of the times to make such terrible
ouloiies about it. We had an idea that the rule of
light was universal, and that the atheistical usurper
and devil JVnjnleon, might as well have kept ihefool
of
confine:! in France, as that the Christian
government of England, "the bulwark of our reli-
gion," might have so kept 10 or 20, or more, as legi-
timate sovereigns as F. : Jinand, confined in India.
And, on d refill ly
ing t]<e subject, we feel
ustified in asserting with all possible gravity, that —
what Li wrong in one pU'ce is wrong in another
place! And, in sincerity, we confess, that we are
truly sorry to observe so great a vrong existing in
the enlightened and patriotic state of VIRGINIA,
without an universal sentiment in 1 be people imme-
diately to redress it. An effort of magnanimity and
juxtice in that great stale, to which we are accus-
t-Otited to look up for glorious examples, might even
rouse a spirit in Jlfarytand that would redeem the
people of one of the most abominable evils that
Jligii-souk-d freemen can be subjected to — which is,
to Ue ruled by a minority; as though, indeed, they
v.t.e their own worst enemics-^vvUhout that poor
sulvo that is supposed to be found in the hereditary
kii.g-s, lords and priests and other natural "high-
bor;;" knaves who rule in Europe.
In th. constitutions of all the new states much
care has been taken to preserve to the people their
jtisi right of being represented according to their
numbers : And we earnestly hope, that measures
may be immediately adopted, so to reform the con-
stitutions of the old states which, have not these
bie provisions, that all parts may move on
in harmony and love — all being willing, "at the call
of the law, to rally round the standard of the law
:uid unite in common efforts for the common good."
To bring about this happy state, it is a sine qua von
that the majority should rule. The safety of the
state is involved in an adherence to this "sublime
principle. It is impossible that freedom can be
extinguished where the people really have the
po\ver to "manage their own concerns in their own
Way." At least, this is my opinion — but I am an odd
fellow, us some may think me, for firmly believir"-
that the ALMIGHTY made me of as good stuff' as
liny Cueljj/t or Bourbon in the world; and that, '.\\ the
end, neither of the best blood of these will make
a lump of better earth than I shall.
New-OHcans
r- Orleans, May 8.— We are all in the utmost
we arc likely to be immedi-
revasse," as 'the French call
ii, broke out in the cour.se of yesterday at M'Cartv's
plantation, about two leagues above New-Orleans
'
consternation here,
ately inundated. A
he ow n d
vee, at the plantation of Lanusse and M'Carty, sir-:
miles above town. It is now one hundred yards
wide; a fourth of the city is inundated, and the
water continually rising. Immense numbers of the
poorest inhabitants have been driven from their
homes. Boats are now plying in several of the
streets. A large cemetary in the rear of the town
is some feet under water, and the dead are buried
by sinking the coffins with bricks. The engineer
who is employed on the crevasse, entertains hopes
of stopping it. If this cannot be effected, as many'
seriously apprehend, half the city must remain inv
der water until the river subsides in July. The in-
habitants presage a terrible fall, as the humid pu-
trefaction which must accompany the retiring of the
waters, will be the occasion of much unusual sick-
ness.
J\lay 11. — We are cone em ed to say that the :tp
pearance of the crevasse is by no means auspicious.
No progress has yet been made in closing it, and at
least one day more must elapse before even the pre-
parations are completed. In the meantime a vast
torrent rushes through, increasing the inundation
of the country above and below. The green be-
tween the city andfauxbourg St. Mary is overflowed
as far as Chartres street, exhibiting as you look from
the levee towards the swamp, the likeness of a lake.
A considerable portion of Bourgone and Dauphin e
streets is under water, which has also advanced
into the upper part of Bourbon street. The Bayou
road and the rear of Marigny's f.iuxbourg are also
overflowed. "Without a wish to excite unpleasant
reflections, or presuming to advance an opinion as-
to the practicability of finally stopping the crevasse
by artificial means, we do say that before it can bt:
effected an incalculable degree of damage will be
sustained by the city and neighboring country.
^>%12.— A letter dated thus (received in Balti-
more) says — "A considerable part of our city and
suburbs are now under water, owing to the break-
ing of a part of the levee about six miles above the
city. Fortunately, the overflow has found a level,
and is now going with great rapidity into lake Pon-
chartrain; of course, the rise of the water in town
has ceased.
From the interest which is at this moment generally
felt, on the subject of the inundation which ha-s
threatened New-Orleans, we presume the follow-
ing article,on the Mississippi river and i:s embank-
ments, will be acceptable to our readers. It is
extracted from the "Vil-ws of Louisiana," written
by II. M. Brackenridge, esqr. late holding a judi-
cial office in that country, avid now a member of
the Baltimore bar.
LKVKKS.
"It will, perhaps, be said, that, in some respects,
I have represented thb country in too favorable a
, light; that I have endeavored to represent the dif-
and upper end of j ment, as less considerable than they really are.
io\v writing,: Certainly those difficulties are many and great, and
at the rate of j when contemplated without reflecting on what is in
t.f - our- As nothing of this j the power of man to effect, tliev appear insur.>,ioui:t-
h"ve eSdef X n 1 ^'T yeaW P"St lhat ! able' hut when we examine what he has done in
,ded in N ew-Orleans, and as the river is now other parts of the world, it must be acknowledged
known it so
no judgment of what
rauch higher than I have ever befor
early in the season, lean form
may be the end of it.
from the putrefactions, in the hot part qf'tfc ac
son, a* er the fall of the writer'; Will, il is to Wan'
•-u'tvlfrl. nroduce o "t.-nmt; tl.jssp
.ele-
that few impossibilities present themselves in the
improvement of this country. Time, and a more
numerous population, are doubtless requisite, but
tiic advantages which offer themselves, will render
that improvement, sooner or later, not the lessccr-
- instead tain. The soil or Louisiana, on the borders of the
great river, does not yield in point of fertility to any
in ih eworld; its climate* during nine months of the
year, is delightf.i, uid bad the remainder, from the
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— NEW-ORLEANS.
337
present unreclaimed state of a great portion of its
surface: it has great advantages in possessing the
delta of the great river, which will become the de-
pository of vast riches, while its produce constitutes
staples cf greater value than that of almost any
other of the United States. These considerations
will combine to raise the lands of Louisiana to their
highest price, sooner than in other sections of the
vinion, where the productions are nearly the same,
and not of so great a value in commerce, and where
the population will not so soon resort to the various
arts of improving, which have been adopted in the
populous countries of Europe. These arts will soon
have to be resorted to by Louisiana, in order to se-
cure, or extend its valuable cultures. Many years,
it is true, in spite of the greatest industry, perse-
verance and ingenuity, must still pass away before
we can become sufficiently acquainted with the
country, and learn the best and most effectual modes
of reducing it to subjection; this can only be the
result of long experience and observation. The
observations of experience must be moulded into a
science; the inventions and arts of the old world, for
similar purposes, must be put in requisition, and
new ones formed, adapted to the local peculiarities.
Hut it is the gift of man, and the commandment of
his creator, to subdue and govern the earth; and
when we have seen him, not only place it under
subjection, but even raise for himself a dominion out
of the elements of storms, where shall weset bounds
to his labors and ingenuity?
The most considerable work of art, yet construct-
ed for the purpose of rendering this country habita-
ble, is the ^mbunkment of the river, usually called
the levee. We should be much deceived, if we
were to form an idea of this work from the dykes
of Holland, or the embankments of the Nile. The
levee is commonly constructed in the following
manner, and is indeed but a trifling work, considor-
ing the importance of its object: — At a distance,
seldom exceeding thirty or forty yards from the
natural bank, a mound of earth is raised about five
feet high, and twelve at the base, with a sufficient
width at the top for a foot path; in general, resemb-
ling very much the embankments on the Delaware,
erected to keep out the tide from the marshes on
its borders. The size varies considerably; in some
places, particularly on the points, where the land
is higher, and against which the current of the river
strikes with less violence, the levees are very tri-
fling; but in ^ bends, where the current acts with
greater force, it is found necessary to oppose a more
considerable mound; on some of the bends, where
the force of the current is very great, the embank-
ment is a work of considerable consequence. The
levee of M'Carty's, a few miles above New-Orleans,
is almost fifteen feet high, by thirty at the base,
and six feet at the top; this is the most considerable
on the river, excepting that immediately in front of
the city. As there is no stone to be had, the only
material is a soft clay, with cypress staves placed
on the outside, that is, next the river, and the whole
covered with earth and sodded. On the inside a
ditch is made, for the purpose of receiving and car-
rying off the water, which weeps through the em-
bankment in the season of the floods. The road
lies between the ditch and fences, and is crossed at
intervals of half a mile, by drains from the ditch
just mentioned, and covered like the sewers of a
city; these drains pass through the fields, and car-
ry the water to the swamps. A vast quantity of
water is continually oozing through the porous
embankments, and in many places gushes through
txoles made by criwfish, which often increase so
rrpidly as to cause a breach in the levee. It re-
quires several years for the levee to become perfectly
solid and firm; previous to this, it is liable to be
injured by rains. The embankment runs in a very
irregular line; in many places it changes its direction
every twenty or thirty yards, for its zig-zas* course
is not only suited to the sinuosities of the river, but
also to its smaller indentations, for being too slight
A work to compel the river to hold a re •ulur course,
it is obliged to yield to its caprices: and as the river
encroaches or recedes, another levee is constructed
nearer the river or behind the first; from which cir-
cumstance, there are in many places what are cal-
led double-levees.
A person standing inside of the levee, during the
flood, seems to be considerably below the surface
of the water, or as some have" expressed it, ,"the
water appears to roll over his head." There is, how-
ever, something of a deception in this; for there
are in few places more than two or three feet of wa-
ter against the levee, as the ground between it and
the river is much higher than on the inside; this
may be accounted for, from the quantity of sedi-
ment there deposited, and the circumstance of the
road having been worn down by constant use.
Beside the mode of making" the. levee, of which
we have spoken, there are others, but which :irc
scarcely necessary to be described; the diversity
arises from the different nature of the grounds, and
the degree of resistance to be opposed to the cur-
rent. What is considered a good levee, may in
most places be made for five hundred to a thousand,
dollars per mile; but in many it would cost several
thousands. Every individual is required to keep
up the levee in front of his own land, and before
the season of high water it is inspected by commis-
sioners appointed for the purpose, in each parish,
and if found insufficient it is made at his expense.
But this is by no means adequate to ensure safety;
for during the continuance of the floods the levees
demand the most vigilant attention; they must be
continually watched, and all hands are often drawn
from the fields to guard them for whole days and
nights. The action of the current discovers defec-
tive parts, before unobserved; here earth must be
idded and slabs placed, to prevent it from crumb-
ing in; and often, after the rains, which prevail at
this season, it becomes spongy and lose in its tex-
ture, and the holes made by crawfish at this time are
sarticularly to be dreaded. It not unfrequently
happens, that from the want of strength, or from
the negligence of some individual, both he and his
neighbors are ruined.
It has often been a matter of surprise to me that
works upon which so much depend, should be con-
structed in a manner so rude and trifling; A few-
moments are sufficient to destroy the labor and,
industry of twenty years. It was remarked that
the steam boat in high water, under way, might
with ease pass over the levee ! I was never more
struck with the infant state of improvements in this
country, and the want of public spirit, than in
viewing the work upon which the Louisianian de-
pends for the security of his all : a prodigious
volume of water rolling over his head, prevented
only by a slight mound of earth from overwhelming-
urn and all lie possesses. But lie does not sieep
soundly. In 181 i,* in the season of hiVh water, fo t
*This was still more the case in the year 1813,
:he water rose higher than in 1811, by six or eight
nches and had the planters not been somewhat j. e*
pared by the former season^ they rnaet have beea
totally destroyed.
338
JULES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNES, 1816
fix weeks the coast presented a scene of continual
anxiety untl apprehension; the kunds withdrawn
from the fields, and kept watching day and mght,
and adding to their breastwork as the river rose.
If the expense, labor, loss of time, and the destruc-
tion of property, were estimated and formed into a
tfenera-1 fund, it would have been sufficient to have
erected a work capable of withstanding the highest
flood, and to have rendered them perfectly secure
to; the future. If in the season ofhigh water, the lesist
Storm of wind were to arise, there are scarcely any
of the present levees which would not give way
ivncl the whole country be laid under water. But
until the season comes" the danger is not feared, and
nothing is done until it is too late; those who escape
resolve to be prepared for the next year, but this
is soon forgotten. Last year (1812) the water rose
less than in ordinary years, and scarcely
passed over the banks, yet at this time,
wind, which continued more than a day,
high
made
:veral breaches in the levee, doing much injury
tu the pl:.n',auor>s. Had this storm occurred at
the same sc;-.so.i the year before, the whole country
would have been placed under water. A gentleman
informed me that he witnessed a storm that season,
biu which lasted only fifteen minutes; yet the effects
which it threatened seemed to produce an universal
panic; man, woman, and child, involuntarily ran to
the levee as it were to support it with their hands.
1 The Mississippi in its natural state, at least for
oiu: hundred and fifty miles above New Orleans,
overflows its banks, cr,mmunihus minis, from two to
'three fret, and the descent to the swamps is very
rapid, perhaps not less than four feet a mile. Even
.jn this state,' it must flow over its banks with great
velocity, but the artificial embankments, by enclos-
ing its 'waters, cause them to rise from two to three
rl-et higher. The natural fall of the river itself,
scarcely exceeds one foot per mile : we may now
easily conceive the velocity of a sheet of water
whose current is thus suddenly increased to five
or six fee, per mile. It rushes from the river with
indescribable impetuosity, with a noise like the
roaring of a cataract, boiling and foaming, and
tearing every thing before it To one who lias not
seen this country it is almost impossible to convey
any "idea of the terrors excited by a crevasse or
breaking of the levee. Like the breaking out o:
fire in a town wiicre no one knows when his owi
dwell ing may be <\ss.ii!ed, it excites universal con
•bternation; every employment is abandoned for miles
above and below, and all hasten to the spot, where
every exmion is made day and night to stop the
breach, which is sometimes successful, but more
frequency, the hostile element is suffered to take
itj course. The consequences are, the destruction
of the crop, the buildings, and sometimes the land
•jvself is much injured where th,e current rushed I
over, carrying away the soil, or leaving, numerous'
logs and trees drawn into the vortex as they floated
down the river; these must be destroyed before the
land can again be cultivated. The effects of a
breach of the levee are even more desolating than
those .of fire.
There are various modes of stopping a crevasse,
th* most common is the follov.'ing; they begin on
each side of tlje orevasce, to drive double rows of
with the current so as to
ceed this far, earth is then thrown v.pon the whole,
«md thus anew levee formed. As a preventive
where the levee appears to be about giving away,
c 'ffer dams are erected.
Though not ambitious of the reputation of a pro-
ectoiyl cannot refrain from expressing the folio w-
mg notions on the mode which ought to be pursued.
It strikes me that tins, as i.s the case with every
at public work in the United States, should be
resigned to a company organized for the purpose,
who^nu'ght draw a benefit from the undertaking,
and at the same time be responsible to the in-
dividual for the injury which lie sustains. When
we see the enormous expense in constructing turn-
pikes for the purpose of facilitating the transporta-
tion of goods and for travelling, it would be no
jreat exertion of public spirit, W people to go to
the same expense in securing not ouly those objects,
but their nil. Two hundred thousand dollars, the
value of one plantation, would make the levee
twenty feet wide at the base, and ten feet at the
top from New Orleans, on Ike east side, to Baton
Rouge; the expenses then would not be greater than,
in keeping a turnpike road in repair. The travelling
up and down the coast is as great at on any of our
turnpikes, and the tolls would yield as much. —
There is no planter on the coast who would not
pay rfive dollars per acre front per ;umum, to be
exempt from the labor of keeping up his levee, and
for the security he would gain from one made on
such a scale. It is a fact, there is not a planter
on the Mississippi, whose plantation might not be
ruined in half an hour, and perhaps less time by
some villain, wicked enough to do it: he would ouly
have to make a breach in the levee, which 'the cur-
rent would soon widen sufficiently tor his purpose.
Centinels during the highest stage of water, are
continually walking on the levees, us well to prevent
such attempts, as to watch any inroads of the water.
It would be adviscable to leave at intervals,
openings in the levee, properly secured on each
side, like the sluices of the saw mills, in order to
let off the water of the river. An immense quantity
escapes through the present levees. In proportion
as the levees extend upwards, and those below
become property secured, so as to prevent much
of the water from escaping, they must be raised,
A vast body of water at the present time passes
off in those places, where there are no embank-
ments; if this Were kept in, the levees would everr
where require to be several feet higher. Artificial
drains at proper distances might in a great measure
obviate this difficulty. But not having leisure for
these speculations, 1 leave them to others, who are
otherwise interested, than as general well-wishers
for tlte prosperity of the country."
Rev. Francis Asbury.
The substance of a letter from the reverend John
W. Bond, to the reverend bishop M'Kendree, giv-
ing a particular account of the death of the reverend
Francis Asbury, senior bishop of the Methodist
Episcopal Church of the United States of America.
Spqftsylvania, Ya. April 1, 1316.
IlEV. ANT) «r.Att S1H.
Probably before this will reach vou, vou will
iui.ve heard its solemn contents from some other
source; but still I feel it my duty to send you a par-
piU'.s gL'^dually £a
JIK c' less resistance, u 'til they unite, and thus fo.-m
'a semicircle like a fi.-,;i basket; in the next place the) ticular account of what has' taken place; — yesterday
]nks urc interwoven with small brandies, or slabs jtlie Lord visited us with a most .solemn and afflict-,
placed lengthwise between them, branches of trees j ing kVovidenre — lie has taken our venerable Father
lire then placed behind the piles, and some heavier (from us, Yes! bishop *i;btirii is dead!
logs, &c. against them: if they can suc-i We reached tlie h?;;;-;' yf Ids old friend,
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— BATTLE OF BUNKER'S HILL. 339
Potts, in Manchester, on Saturday, the 16th clay of
March. On Sabbath he insisted on speaking to a
congregation, to be convened at 4 o'clock in brother
Potts' Chouse. Though it was with difficulty he
could be heard, yet he spoke for more than an hour,
•«nd when done, did not appear so much exhausted
as I expected. On Monday
was unfavorable, we crossec
though the weather
over to Richmond and
put tro with brother Raymond. On Thursday we
moved to brother A. Foster's. On Sunday, 24th, he
persisted in a resolution to speak to the congrega-
tion at 3 o'elock in the afternoon. I feared the con-
sequence, and urged every thing I could, with pru-
dence. to dissuade him from it; but he said, Gun
had given him a work to do there, and he must
deliver his testimony. At the time appointed he
was carried into the meeting house, and -sat in the
pulpit, on a table, when he preached his last ser-
mon, from Rom. IX. chap, and 28th verse — "For He
-will finish the -work and cut it short in righteousness;
becfme a short work will the Lord make upon the earth."
He spoke near an hour, and when done, was almost
spent. We, however, set out on Tuesday, and tra-
velled twenty-two miles. Brother Foster accompa-
nied us to our old friend, Thomas Crenshaw's. —
Being much fatigued, and very unwell, he tarried
Jiere on Wednesday, and requested that an appoint-
rment should be made, and word sent out that there
would be preaching at four o'clock in the afternoon
saying — "He wished those that were with him to
do something, if lie could not." A small congrega-
tion collected, to whom 1 preached, but our Vener-
able father was too unwell to come into the con-
gregation
On Thursday we again set out, and travelled
twenty miles, and put up with our good friend and
brother, Edward Rouzee — here he was exceedingly'
feeble, though cheerful. We set out again on Fri-
day; brother Rouzee came several miles with us,
and then took leave as one who was giving up his
father to die. We dined at brother Hancock's, and
then proceeded to our old friend, George Arnold's,
trav.elUog, in all that day, about twelve miles; but
I never saw him so much exhausted in travelling
before, lie said to me, on Saturday morning, "if
this should be as good a day as yesterday, we can
hardly help travelling some.4' It, however, rained,
and I was not sorry to see it, wishing1 him to rest. It
being proposed that we should have meeting on
note to a family about
would be much gra-
Sabbath, I spoke of sending a not
five miles off, who, it was said, w
tified to know it. The bishc
"You nee
know it. The bishop hearing it, replied —
d not be in a hurry:" which was so unusual
a thing for him to say respecting meeting, especially
on the Lord's day, that I concluded he apprehended
that he would be too weak to hear the noise of a
meeting in the house. He spent a very restless
night, and in the morning appeared more than
usually unwell I proposed sending for a physician,
the family saying, that there was a Dr. Lewis, a
practitioner of eminence, about ten or twelve miles
off He objected, saying, "I shall not be able to tell
him what is the matter with me, and the man will
not know what to do." On niy urging it again, he
said, "he could only pronounce me (lend." 1 said,
"probably he could give you something that would
relieve you." He replied, "my breath will be gone
before he can get here." I said, "I hope you have no
apprehension of any thing so serious taking place,
have you?" He answered — "Yes." After a while I
asked him, "whether, if any thing serious should
take place lie had any word to leave with me. He
s;tid, he had spoken, and vcrliten so fully, that it \vas
ttnnecetsunj. 1 told him "that I had heard him speak
so frequently on tV r.ffV.irs of thrt '•JiMrrK that 1
believed 1 understood his sentiments fully." Ho
replied— "Yes/'
Afier a while, asking the hour of the dav, and
being told it was near eleven, he askecl if it is no';
'time for meeting" being told that there was none
sresent but the family, lie replied — "call thefn to-
gether, I want to have meeting." They being- col-
lected, I read what was our lesson for the clay, the
21st chapter of the book of Revelation; it being
emarkahle that the last chapter in the Revelation,
which in course would have been read in the evening,
should be the lesson which should close the clay ou
which he closed his labors. During the whole of
the meeting, his soul seemed much engaged, and as
it was truly an affecting time he appeared much
elevated, and raised his hands frequently in token
of triumph. When meeting was over he called^ ou
me to "read the mife subscription." But being-
told that there was none present but the family he
said no more. His calling for this to be read shows
that even the pangs of death were not able to wrest
from him the interests of the missions which lay
with so much weight on his mind.
After this his veice failed, but still he gave
evidence that he possessed his reason to the last,
A little before he died, finding that I was affected
at his not being able to take a little barley water
which I offered to him in a tea-spoon, he lifted up
his head towards Heaven in token that he should
soon be there. I then asked him if he found that
Jesus was present ? when he raised both his hands
towards Heaven with an expression which I shall
never forget. He then without a groan or com-
plaint, fell asleep in the arms of his Saviour, a( 4
)'clock on Sunday, the 31st of March, eighteen
mndred and sixteen. Yours, with respect,
JOHN W. BOND.
Jin: Bishop M'fendree.
Battle of Bunker's Hill.
inilkesbarre, CPa-J •**":/ 10.— t stepped into the
house of a friend the other evening, and he told nic,.
that in rummaging over some old drawers he fouud
a curiosity. It was indeed very interesting- and cu-
rious, to me at least, and I dare say it would be so
to you, reader. The thing referred to was a view or
plan of th-e battle of Bunker's hiil, taken by a Bn-
tish officer at the time, who was in the engagement
The execution was in a style of uncommon neatness;
and as far as it was possible for mo to judge, ex-
tremely and minutely accurate. The references
were numerous and particular. The place of landing
of the British was laid down — each regiment num.
bered — the artillery and light infantry particularly
designated — the precise line of march marked out
the situation of the American posts of defence,
even to a barn, and the particular force that at-
tacked the barn, laid down. The place of the great-
est carnage or loss of the British — the two vessel*
that were moored to annoy .«rir people— the battery
that played upon our fortifications — the line of re-
treat and the situation of the craft sk-lioned to cut
off our troops, the situation of the commanding offi-
cer of the British; and indeed every thing tin, t
could tend to give a full and clear idea of the situ-
ation and movements of the parties. On looking over
this map deep and strong emotions were excited —
pride at the glorious defence in.ade by our undisci-
plined American yeojnamy, y^uirist the best regular
forces of the old world— patriotism, by. considering
the spirit and devotion of our militia' in defence O('
freedom and their country— pity for the suffering
of *h'j number '.vho f<vl, and admiration of* the
340
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JUKE 8, 1810.
dauntless spirit of the assailants and the assailed.
At the same time it was impossible to repress the
smile, half in .n^-r :'"d half in mirth :;t the repe-
ti.i'>n of the word l" Rebels" \vhicii occurred so of en
j.i ; hi- delineation. It brought to our minds the bat-
iK s, \vliere the frequent use. of that
.i.d iv.i.irinptible expression is so hand-
somely i'idic
,.\ is the only accuraic plan of that
ITK ', in existence. It ought certainly
1 ^ e engraved, :iiul the o^/ies multiplied, together
wivh .1 coi. of the engagement, and to
be in possession or every friend to the liberties of
the country.
[ Gleaner.
Navy of the United States.
Promotions in the United States' nmy, on tlte 27th
•4/niI, 1816.
TO BK CAPTAINS.
Samuel Angus ' J°nn Orde Creighton.
Melanctlioi'iT. Woolscy, & |
TO JIK JlASTEltS COMMANDANT.
NatlKiir.el Haradan
George C. Read
Samuel \\~oodhcuse
Henry E. Ballard
Charles C. B. Thompson
Thomas Gamble and
Alexander S. Wadsworth
William Carter, jun.
George W. Rodgera
TO HT: LIEVTEXAXTS.
John Hill, jr. No. 1
James Mork No.
17
James Armstrong 2
Joseph Smoot o
Vnlrew Fitzhugh
Wm. M. Caldwell
18
19
Robert B. Randolph 4
John K. Carter
20
V, ilium Berry 5
Joseph Cross
21
Samuel L. Breese 6
Abivham S. Ten Eick
22
Joh-'1 KV.IPS 7
Thomas IJamcrsley
23
KiciiM-d Heath 8
John White
24
Be ij:.;iiin Page l.;
Vvm. M. Robins
25
Johis T. Ritchie 10
Robert Field
26
John A Wish 11
iiiram Paulding
27
John (;vvnn 1'2
Knoch Lo*ve
28
\Viliii-m A. Weaver 13
,'ona'n D. Williamson
29
Thomas \\> . Wyman 14
'harles L. Springer, &.
30
James 1,. Morris 1 j
\Viiliam A. i -e
31
John A. BeLsches 16
TO p.y. stTiiGKOxs.
"Wm. Barn veil
John Young r,nd
Wm. C. Whhtlcsey
Charles M. Reese.
Peter Christie
TO JJE SJTJIIGKON S MATE.
James R. Uoyce.
British Parliament.
Hbl'SK .:. i UlCH 30.
Lord Castlereagh moved for leave to bring in a
bill for the more effectually retaining V\i'(iLF.o\
BONAPAHTK in custody V. St. Helena. He had also
anotiier bill lo introduce for regulating the inter-
course with the island. Some doubts had been start-
ed, wiiether it Was competent to the crown to detain
Bonaparte. The case was one attended with peculiar
circumstances. If there were any doubts on the sub-
ject, he felt it his duty to apply to parliament. As
to the propriety of the measure, he apprehended
. no doubt or difference in the house. He thought
all would come to the same conclusion as to its
propriety and necessity. In viewing the situation
of Bonaparte, he certainly was not a prisoner of war
He had entered into an
wen a.1 war, and vitli whom we had not h
peace r He could give us no just grounds of se-
curity. The present application fora bill for his
detention was certainly supported by the laws of
nations. But lie had no "objection to piit the question
upon the broad ground of state necessity, without
considering Bonaparate cither as a former subject
of France, or as once the ruler of that country or
of Klba. It was very natural that our oflicers a:.
St. Helena should know how they were to treat thi-5
individual. It was the wish of the crown lo trca1
him as comfortably as was convenient; but the offi-
cers should know their authority distinctly. Con-
siderable precautionary arrangements were ne-
cessary to cut off all intercourse wivh foreign ves-
sels, and even with our own merchant vessels,
except the East India ships, which approached ift
some degree to line-of-battle-ships. It appeared,
necessary to enforce this regulation. He anticipated
no doubt as to the principle of the two bills, o('
which the objects were to provide sufficient security
as little painfully to Bonaparte as possible, and ti>
regulate the intercourse with the island.
Mr. Brougham said he had no idea of opposing
the motion 'tor the bill. He might express himself
more fully on a future occasion but he wished first
to see the whole of the proposed arrangements. He
hud no hesitation in saying, he believed there would
be a unanimous concurrence in carrying into effect a
measure for the securing Bonaparte in safe custody.
If there were doubts as to his detention, it was the
better way to settle them by an act of parliament.
Viewing him either as a sovereign prince, or a
native of another country, the government of which
did not claim him, it appeared to be conformable
to the law of nations that we should, under all the
circumstances detain him even without an act of
parliament. He. perhaps differed from some of his
friends on this subject : but tins difference of opin-
ion seemed to him a good reason for an act of parlia-
ment, under which Bonaparte in custody should be
treated with lenity and kindness, as far as was con-
sistent with security. A period might also be put
tohis detention, when the affairs ofEurope renderc4
31 it safe and convenient. That, however, was not im
mediately a subject of discussion; but with the
modifications he had alluded to, he should agree to
the hill.
Mr. Gienfell adverting to what fell from Mr.
Brougham, said (as we uuderstpod him) that the
limitation of Bonaparte's confinement ought to be
that of his life'.
Mr. Brougham explained. lie •certainly did not a'
p;-e>-' nt see any particular limitation to "the custody
of Bonaparte. All he meant was that if any material
change took place in Europe, there might be cir-
cumstances which would justify an alteration res-
pecting his detention.
Gen. Mathew wished to know whether the other
French officers, such as Bertrand &c. were to be
detained P
Sir W. Garrow observed, that Bonaparte only
was mentioned in the bill- which had no relation
to any body else,
Mr. Rennet also asked, whether the oflicers were
to be detained?
Lord Castlereagh said, that government had it not
in contemplation to take measures for the detention
of the officers.
In answer to a question, we understood
taken in the ordinary way. He had entered into an '' Castlereagh to say that government intended to
agreement by which he had the Isle of Elba, which j treat Bonaparte on the footing of a prisoner of war,
Agreement he afterwards broke. Was he then to The two bills were then brought up, and read, u
lie regarded as a sovereign prince with whom w$ first time.
N1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER— LORD CASTLEREAGH'S SPEECH.
..9f>ril 5. Mr. Ponsonby wished to know,
vouldbe ihe:i,nou ; ofthewhole expense of guard-
ing >he person of!Jnn-=.p.:rtc at St. Helena?
Lord Castlcrc-agh was not ut present: prepared to
•heanioun'. oiV e expense. The public wouiii
not t.e liable to the whole expense, but only to the
< bevond what the island cost the East India
com p am-." It was nut merely tlie intere- ; of this
opuntry~tl>ai the- establishment for the custo.lv of
no!i:ipa:-te :,hould be such as to preclude all 'possi-
bility of his escape; but it was due to the other
powers, that they should have nothing to reproach
i:s witli on this subject.
Mr. Ticrney thought it unreasonable that we
; 1 pay more than our proportion of this ex-
pense.
Lord Castlereagh said, lie had stated some time
ago, that there were none of the allied powers but
were ready to take charge of Bonaparte without
•jutting this country to expense; that it was not con-
sistent with good faith to the individual in ques-
tion U> deliver hi ;n over to any other power; and, in-
deed, that good policy required he should not be
- -;>t in any part of the continent.
Mr. Tierney said, whatever might be thought
with regard to ihe allies, though he saw no reason
why they should not relieve us from a portion of
ibis expense, still he wanted to know why France
WAS not to pay her share? He would ask, if the
keeping Bonaparte out of Europe was not as good
«i security for the repose of Europe, as keeping up
an army in France?
Mr. Ponsonby thought the custody of Bonaparte
out of Europe was an affair common to all the Eu
ropean powers, und the interest being common, the
expense ought also to be common. We might have
said to any of the great 'powers, you are none o
s'ou masters of such a position as St. Helena, am
therefore it is for the common interest that he
should be entrusted to us; but then, as this is foi
the common interest, the charge should not fill
f-ntireiy on us. Had this been urged by those to
whom "the interests of this country were entrustec
at the late negociations, he could not believe tha
the allies would have objected to it. At all events
there could be no reason why France should no
have been made to pay a farther sum of money foi
what was so necessary to her safety. This was one
of the strongest proofs ever given of thr truth o
this vulgar saying- — whoever negociated for Eng
land, John Bull was always made to pay.
Mr. Harnmersley a skid if any proposition hac
been made to the allies, that they should boar thei
share of expense?
Lord Castlereagh conceived no foreign powe
could, with propriety, have been asked to contributi
any sum to be expended at the discretion of an)
other power. It would have been requisite that i
fhis case every transaction should have 'been mad
the subject of common deliberation, which woul
have been contrary to the dignity of this country.
Mr. Ponsonby could not see how it was beneati
the dimity of this country to insist that anoint bea
efit should be made a subject of joint expense.
Mr. Keel did viot see any departure from the prin
ciple followed in the case of prisoners of war, th
expense of whom were defrayed by each separut
party who took them.
Mr. Ponsonby contended, that the case was en
tirely different from < hat of prisoners of war; and a
to the character of the country, he did not see ho\
it could be raised by paying the whole expense
while every other power was benefited in tlie sam
degree wjth us.
Mr. C. W. "Wynn did not see how our digniof
uld be at all affected by being relieved of part
his expense.
Mr. Ponsonby asked when the amount of the ex-
ense of guarding the person of Bonaparte would
>e ready.
M-. Gotdburn said, he should be enabled to an-
wer this question on Monday next.
Speech of lord Castlereagb,
rn the 'riritish house -of commons, Feb. 19, on movin;-
au address to the prince regent, in approbation of the
late treaties entered into by the British government*
•zvith France and the allied papers.
[The editor of a Pioston paper introduces this
ipeech with the- following remarks, to which we
iubscribe — ]
"This speech is full of information relative t»
.he late neg-ociations and adjustments, and is the
nose important historical document that has re-
cently appeared. Its length has for some timer
prevented our undertaking to copy it. The reader
tvho wishes to be made acquainted with the histc-
•y of the late events, will not regret that it cecti
)ies so large a portion of oiir paper."
After some introductory remarks, principally upon
the form of the vote'whHj h? wus about to pro-
pose, his lordship proceeded :
From tlie very nature of the war, and the charac-
ter of the enemy with whom they had' to contend,
the contest wus one of that description in which all
restricted efforts would have been equallv unwise,
whether with respect to a sound policy or to econo-
.Many honorable gentlemen had formed an er-
roneous opinion of that contest, as if the mass of
the French nation were embarked in the cause of
Bonaparte ; but though that view was erroneous,
one general and unanimous feeling pervaded Eu-
rope, that it would prove one of the most arduous
centests in which tlie alliance had ever engcged. —
Whatever doubts existed as to the desperate cha-
racter of the struggle, they only constituted nu
additional reason why the government, in uny ar-
rangements it might make in earn ing on the "war,
should make them upon the largest and most com-
prehensive scale. The country certainly was not in
a condition to be able to afford the expences of u
protracted war, and therefore it became the wish of
government to make the confederacy as comprehen-
sive as possible, not only with respect to the pow-
ers included in it, but as to tlie efforts which each
were likely to bring into the field. With that view
of the contest it would l.ave been most unwise to
have starved it in any of its parts, or to have abstain-
ed from throwing into the alliance all that vigor and
energy, and exertion, which the liberality of the
house had enabled ministers to produce. The house
wquid see, upon examining the great mass of trea-
ties before it, the extent to which rill Europe com-
bined. With the exception of Sweden, who was by
no means indisposed to unite with the other pow-
ers, but who Wiis prevented from so doing by mo-
iives of economy, which the other members of the.
alliance allowed to be a sufficient ground of exemp-
tion, there was not a single power on the east of
France who was not comprehended in tlie general
league. On the other side of France, also, although
Portugal was prevented from immediately joining
in alliance, on account of the distance of the prince
regent from his dominions, there was no power ex-
cept Sp "in v. !.o v.as not bound up by that confede-
racy. The reason why the name of that power \va*
not found affixed to the treaty of the 25th of March
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 8, 1816.
(respecting which a question had been asked by an
honorable member on a. preceding evening1,) was be-
cause she objected to the form of that instrument,
and from u point of etiquette. Not being one of the
, four principal powers who signed the declaration of
the 13th March, she declined, from a dignity of
feeling, which perhaps wight not to have operated
at that moment, to become an acceding party to the
treaty of the 25th March. Hut, at the same time,
she readily made an ofler of her assistance to the
full extent of her means.
With respect to the amount of subsidies which
had been paid, he trusted government had pursued
that course of policy which essentially contributed
'to the consolidation of that vast force which was
arrayed against France. The general mass of the
; subsidies paid to the four great powers, as well as
to those who afterwards acceded to the alliance,
.amounted originally to five millions. We, on our
:part, stipulated to bring into the field 150,000 men,
or to pay an equivalent in money equal to the
amount of force not actually supplied. During the
•course of the war, we have kept up, including the
Hanoverians and the corps in Italy and Flanders,
between eighty and .ninety thousand men, so that
Ave had to pay, in naoney, for a proportion of troops
amounting to about sixty thousand men. The pow-
ers of Europe were agreed in opinion, that some
'had better be employed towards the general system
of alliance, bv subsidizing all the minor powers.
The king of the Netherlands received no subsidy,
.for reasons which were sufficently obvious, nor did
the troops of Switzerland receive any, because they
were not actively employed against France. The
general rate of subsidy was upon the calculation
'of elev-ea pounds per man. Thefor.rth of the whole
subsidies was saved, and the gross amount of them
<]id not exceed six millions. The house had seen
'.vhat was the effect of that policy. It had contri-
buted to unite and consolidate a confederacy so im-
mense, that no extent of disaster could have altered
the ultimate issue of the campaign, though certain-
ly it might have been protracted. Even if the battle
of AVaterloo had been as fatal and disastrous to the
allied troops, as it proved to the army of France,
yet the means which were brought into active opera,
rations were so prodigious and so powerful, that the
final result of the contest woald unquestionably
have been the same. It was a general impression
felt by every member of the alliance, that 1.0 delay
should take place which might be avoided. Delay
would have given to the character of the "war a fea-
ture of aggravation and difficulty, which was most
anxiously to be deprecated. It was, in fact, of the
last importance, not only that the success should be
€arly, and that it should be decisive, but that Eu-
rope in the prosecution of that great cause, which
was the cause of Europe against usurpation, and an
attempt to renew military despotism, should act
with that strength, power and unity, which might
undeceive the French nation upon a point in which
their national vanity was most likely to delude them.
Whatever might have been the result of the cam-
paign, i£ they could flatter themselves that it arose
out of any particular concurrence of circumstances,
and not from the magnitude and controling force
of the powers assembled against them, there would
still have existed a disposition, connected with that
national pride which belongs to them to indulge in
those military feelings which never can be compati-
ble with the'general repose of Europe. But cer-
tainly the character of the buttle of Waterloo, to-
gether with the arrangements subsequent upon that
'Battle, wpulcl leave no ground to question what were
the motives that brought the whole of Europe
against them. It was of great importance to teach
France that lesson of wisdom, and there was no
Frenchman who could now have a doubt upon the
subject. In the last campaign, At the battle of Wa-
terloo, they had an opportunity of trying '1 :ei'- mili-
tary skill in its highest perfection, ag-iinst 'hat of
England and Prussia, assisted by the i/oops of some
of the minor states. There never was an army
which took the field more ample in all tlie resources
and equipments which could give vigor and efficien-
cy— there never was an army which went to battle
with a more desperate determination to conqueror
to die, than that which Bonaparte led to the fron-
liers of the Netherlands; and yet he apprehended,
:here was no instance in the annals of war (speak-
ing it without any derogation from the prowess or
skill displayed by the French on this memorable
day) that could be compared to the manner in
which the army of the duke of Wellington, aided
by that of prince Blucher, defeated that army, with
such a character of success as could not be found
in the most brilliant victories upon record, in any
age or country. — (H*ar! hear! 'J — He should be
glad to know what single victory ever led to re-
sults so vast and important in a political and mili-
tary point of view as the battle of Waterloo?—
(Hear! 'J — The enemy by that one victory, were ab-
solutely precluded from again appearing in the field,
while the victors approached in a triumphant march
of fourteen days to the capital of the enemy, which
they had reduced to submission.— (Hear!}— That
Battle decided the character of the war, and the
fate of the government, and compelled the indivi-
dual, by whose lawless aggression it had been ex-
cited, to seek a refuge from destruction of the ve-
ry country whieh he had designed to rum. He did
lot think that he indulged in any excess of nation-
al exultation, when he thus described the unparal-
lelled character of the battle of Waterloo.— (//ear/
Uear.'J
Having stated those grounds of the policy up-
on which his majesty's government proceeded, he
trusted this house would feel upon that branch of
the question little or no difficulty in coming to such
an opinion, as would enable them to go to the
foot of the thror> with an unanimous expression of
sentiment. There never perhaps existed an in-
stance of a confederacy to such un extent of mili-
tary strength combined with so much military or-
der. It appeared, from the circumstance of a re-
turn which was made of the effective force, in con-
equence of au arrangement made with the French
government who were to furnish the necessary
equipments and clothing, that there was actually
an allied force concentrated within the the territo-
ry of France, after the battle of Waterloo, amount-
ing to 1,240,000 men. He could assure the house
that the numbers were not overrated, for the re-
turns were most scrupulously checked by the duke
of Wellington, who w.is appointed to conduct the
arrangements in question. In addition, however,
to that force, there were also in movement against
France different corps of large magnitude. There
were 100,000 Austrian* inarching towards the
Rhine, and 150,000 Russians, the head of which co-
lumn was already advanced beyond the Elbe in
Franconia. There was a point to* which he wished
to allude, while mentioning the co-operation of the
latter power; and he was the more bound to men-
tion il, in honor of that power, because there seem-
ed to exist a disposition 0:1 the part of this coun«.
try to view its general character and proceeding*
with jealousy. Foi- his o\vn part he certaUily. sasv
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— LORD CASTLEREAGH'S SPEECH.
irothing which could justify that jealousy; on the existed many powerful feelings in some ofthe troops
contrary, in some points of policy which were al- arising- out of the circumstances under which thu
cardinal in the system of Russia, he had ob- : spoliations and subjugation of France throughout
served a disposition to consult and promote the in- [Europe had been carried on, a general spirit of bc-
tercsi-s of Creat Britain. — ( Hear.' Hear.' J The con-|nevo!ence and clemency animated the whole con-
due* of Russia with regard to the Ionian islands, was ! federacy towards their vanquished enemy. Not,
an instance of that disposition which he had men- 1 however, to detain the house longer with that su!;-
tioned. He could not. indeed but consider it as an un- Iject, he wished to draw their attention more point-
f: i.- degree of jealousy which we attached to thattedly to that particular point, on which he appre*
"pO'V-.', because of its vast resources, its numerous j bended, whatever difference of opinion might arise,
p >pv.laiion, and its extensive territory, as if there- jit would be found principally to turn. In advert-
f.- e i, was necessarily disposed to play a game of .ng to the line of policy which was pursued, it was
i, which threatened the permanent interests
mid security of Europe. ,(~JIeurt Hear.J It became
him, however, to pay a fair tribute* of acknowledg-
ment to the eminent services which it performed
towards promoting the general objects of the con-
federacy. Uy the stipulations of the treaty of the
25i.ii March, "she was- under no further obligation
tiiiin thai of bringing into the field 150,000 men, a
number which she in the first instance increased,
uivi ultimately augmented to not less than 250,000.
hike of Wellington saw 150,000 Russians
revif-wed ';.> the plains of Vertus, all under arms;
an! his grace d«.''h;red that he had never seen an
army better equipped, more perfect in discipline,
ore hibiti'; a more martial and soldier-
like appuirunce. — ("Hear, hear.} — It was his duty
lecessary he should observe, that a great distinc-
tion existed between the peace ofthe precedim;
year, and that which was afterwards concluded. —
For his own part, he would never forget the gene-
rous and disinterested conduct of the allies towards
France in the year 1814, though, perhaps, if looked
at in conjunction with the events that afterwards
occurred, it might be wished that it had never been
adopted. But what human transaction would bear
to be considered, or would endure the application
of after occurrences in determining its abstract,
-.utc tiiul
i:. creased and most important
force was brought jv.to active service by the cm-
p Tor of Ru.-.sia, -without even an attempt on the
p.r oi-';::is country o, that of his imperial majesty,
to establish u.nv pecuniary negotiation. He had
•ily put 1'jO/JOO men in motion, and they were
.con?M< '•• -\b!y on the advance towards the French
fc" :ui^r L-tfore any arrangements were made to give
hi.n that Subsidiary assistance which had Already
been bestowed upon the lowest ofthe minor powers
embarked in the general confederacy. He must
say, therefore, that it was not good policy to antici
wisdom or prudence?
i h<-'ar ) If the allies'
when they conquered the peace of 1814, when the
French nation Deemed already to leap into their
arms, and into the arms of their legitimate king;
when only one strong and electric feeling appeared
to be entertained throughout the whole country. ,u
a feeling of joy and gratitude at being delivered
from their tyrants; if at that moment they had re-
fused to meet the general enthusiasm of the nation,
and pursued a stern and angry policy; if they had
carried on the war with the determination of des-
troying Bonaparte and his adherents, instead of ac-
cepting his submission and permitting1 his depar-
ture, he was confident they would have been ac-
cused of interested and narrow views of policy, and
of having clouded that horizon which looked so
0 , -.., calm and beautiful to all who observed it. It was,
pate imaginary dangers from the military strengtn }on the contrary, and always ought to be, the chief
aiul resources o;' Russia when they had hitherto i policy of a great confederaev to act upon large ami
been employed onJy in the public cause of Europe. '"' • • • « • . -- - <••- - ..-.. j ....
'It was not wise- to provoke tne suspicions of that
•power by such imputations upon its views. (Hear.J
With respect to the combined efforts made by all
liberal principles in every part of its career, and up-
on those principles, in the most extensive sense. of
the word, the confederacy of last year unquestion-
ably acted. If indeed every member composing that
the members of the alliance, he should not over-state confederacy had not so acted, the very elements of
them when he said, that if the war had continued two ' which the confederacy consisted were of such a cha-
months longer, there would have been a million and
:i half of soldiers in France to carry on the con-
tesi. So large a host, composed of the military of
various nations, might be supposed to have a ten-
racter, that hardly any attempt at violence, or any
effort at spoliation, could have been nude which
would not have found, in the principles that bound
them altogether, its own corrective and rernedv.
dency to produce those evils inseparably attendant It was a confederacy forme vA to resist oppression,
upon the movements of hostile armies; but it was j and not to inflict i'. 'That was its true and legiti-
not among the least of the objects which occupied j mate character, and never was its character shewn
the attention of the allied sovereigns to introduce in a more imputing point of view than ia the can.-
into their corps a strict and religious discipline, jpaign of 1814.
which might restrain all excesses. It was impossi-
ble perhaps to do that in the early stage of the
'transaciipn, in such away as should prevent all just
grounds of complaint in the districts where they
happen to be; but even in those districts the evil's
complained of arose principally from the circum-
stance that the. peasantry were alarmed at their ap-
Aftcr such a var as was then waged against
France, they retired
h:-r territory without
claiming any other tribute of reward than that peace:
which appeared to leave France more happy ar.d
Europe more secure than they had been for a long'
series of years.— If the allies had pursued a more
doubtful course of policy, if they hau adopted lo-
„„ _. , ,, _,
proacli, and did not remain in their houses to ad- j wards France or Bonaparte, a course of measures
minister those supplies which were required. Af ler j panaking of more severity and ri-our, perhaps the
some time, however, a degree of order was intro- {consequences would have been to involve; that rouu
duced, no Jess creditable to tlie armies themselves
than, to the civilized times in which we live. There
\vas no instance in history of ten or eleven hundred
thousand men being- thrown into a country as thev
were in France, living at the expense of that coun-
try, and yet without any marked instance of indis-
cipline
try and the confederates in a proliMi.'^.-'! i|;i('
tine warfare. It was obvious, ho\v ever, that what-
ever motives of wisdom or discretion diet;ued that
forbearance and generosity in 1814, it. would ha\
' '
been childishness' in the extrf-iv.c, if' at rho close wt"
i the last campaign, they had ir.uulged <•> thi>. s;amf:
e contrary, though ther?! tVelings to the "same citciit, -atid not ii*v- fouadjdtj
344
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 8, 1816.
r of the particular situation inj of the 25th of March. He would rest the quest!
;ood with respect to France. Ilej therefore, upon the whole of these documents,
ious to meet that branch of the declaration issued at Vienna on the 13th of Ma
the peace upon fundamental principles, more calcu-
lated to correct any new mischiefs that might arise.
In examining that question, in a diplomatic point of
view, he wished first (assuming- it as a wise and ne-
cessary plan to sdopt some principle of precaution,
because it had been contended by an honorable and
learned gentleman on a former evening, that we
had no right to form any system of precautionary
measures that interfered with the internal affairs of
France, a position which he should argue afterwards)
to examine the two modes in which the principles
could be applied. First, the general principle and
the general ground of political necessity, upon which
interference could be justified: and secondly,
more partial view
which the allies stood
was the more anxious
discussion fuirlv, because it was one which had been
much pressed by the honorable gentlemen on the
other side of the house.
A reference had been made on a former evening
to a letter written by lord Clancarty; from a single
-sentence of which it was attempted to be adduced,
that we entered upon the late war for the single
and exclusive object of deposing Bonaparte, and
that provided he did not reign, it would be matter
of perfect indifference to us who was at the head
of the French government. He apprehended, how-
ever, if the honorable and learned gentleman who
referred to that despatcli of lord Clancarty, had
read the sentence which he '.quoted in connection
with the next sentence, he wquld have found the
principle distinctly avowed, that though w.e never
declared the object of the war to be for the pur-
pose of imposing on France any form of govern-
ment, or that the restoration of the Bourbons as
the sine qua non upon which we were prepared to
Treat for peace; yet other views entered into our
calculations, if they could be accomplished by just
and lawful means. We certainly objected to Bona-
parte as the sovereign of France; but did it there-
fore follow, that we had no choice as to who might
be sovereign, or that we were so blind as not to
prefer the establishment of a government in the
person of that individual with whom relations of
ing legitimate assistance towards his restoration,
this country and Europe in general would be secur-
ing their own permanent interests and tranquility.
In all the state documents of that period, if they
were collated, he would venture to say, that they
would all present one general and identified course
of principles upon that subject. Above all, it was
least probable that lord Cluncarty in a letter dated
the 8th of May, should drift into a doctrine ex>-
pressly contrary to those principles; because not
only his perspicuity of mind, and general sound-
ness of reasoning, would have prevented such an
anomaly, but, in point of fact, his letter was only
an explanatory despatch, growing out of the treaty
Me would rest the question,
the
f March
— the treaty signed on the 25th of March, and the
declaration issued at home on the 13th of April,
when we ratified that treaty.
[Here his lordship went into an argument upo'n
the right of one country to interfere in the inter-
nal government of another. Without contending
for a right of wanton interference, he argued from
general principle, and from political practice of na-
tions, that no country was tied up from interfering
in the state of a foreign country, when that state
had an influence on its own interest and security.
In support of his own doctrine, he referred to the
former practice of Great Britain, to whig authority
in 1717, when the triple alliance wad formed, to
maintain theprotestant succession in Great Britain,
and the succession in France and Spain, according
to the treaty of Utrecht. He quoted also several
other treaties, in which the parties mutually en-
gaged to furnish assistance to each other in case oi
intestine quarrels. He then proceeded.]
As an advance to an exposition of the precise diplo-
matic relations that existed at present in Europe, he
would proceed to consider the course which had been
pursued by the allied powers. And first, he wish-
ed to purge the conduct of the allies from the im-
putation which, by some (for the extreme views on
all sides would no doubt be entertained) might be
cast upon them of pushing the object of the safety
Amity could be most securely maintained, to the) of Europe too far, and of sacrificing to it the inte-
erection of any other government, at the head of i rests and character of the French people and the
perhaps, might be placed a person growing; French monarch. As some would contend that
hat military system, to abate the nuisance' enough had not been done, others would, no doubt,
which have been the" primary objects pf the alii- i be as well prepared to maintain that too much had
ance? He denied that there, was any thing in the' been done, and the allies ought to have adhered to
which,
out of t
letter of lord Clancarty which gave even a shadow
of authority for such a construction to he put upon
it, and he would refer the house to the declaration
made by his majesty's government, in the ratifica-
tion of the treaty of" the 25th of March. Although
the terms of the treaty of Paris.
This was certainly a subject open to argument,
If the stipulations alone of the treaty of the 25th of
March were considered, it might appear, as the
king of France was invited to accede to it, that he
it was declared in that treaty, that the deposition ought to have been protected against any evil ef-
of Bonaparte, and the exclusion of his dynasty, fects of the irruption into his dominions. Certain-
were the specific objects of the confederacy, and
it was admitted that the restoration of the "legiti-
mate sovereign, Louis XVI IF, was a point most de-
sirable to bfi accomplished by any justifiable means
ly, if Louis XVIll had remained in France, and de
facto had been able by her own power and authori-
ty to expel the invader, then the allies would have
been bound to execute the treaty in all its provi
— we guarded expressly against being understood j sions* He would go further: even after the king
as pledged to bring about Jiat restoration. He ; had been driven out of France bv his rebellious sub-
begged the house would distinctly understand the jeots, or rather by his rebellious army, for his sub-
grounds upon which that declaration went. |j< cts, in general, he believed, were never rebellious,
It was not that we were indifferent as to who! if after he had ceased dejuctoio be king, it would
should be sovereign, provided Bonaparte was ex-
cluded, but that we should not bitid ourselves to
support any particular person i obtaining the
throne of France. A strong preference undoubted-
ly existed in the councils of all the allies in favor
of Louis XV1H not merely from personal conside-
rations, but upon political grounds, and in. afrbrd-
have laid on the good faith of the confederate pow-
ers, in the event of his majesty having been restor-
ed by the act of his own subjects, in the event of
the nation's having risen :>,gainst Bonaparte and
his army, in imitation of the energetic example of
the Dutch, and having replaced Louis on the throne,
strictly to adhere to the conditions of the treaty- ot
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— LORD CASTLEREAGH'S SPEECH. 345
.fcaris, and to the subsequent arrangements made at
Vienna. But the case that occurred was widely
distinguishable from that which he had just ima-
gined. The king left France. He ceased to exer-
cise the authority of government. The French na-
tion was so supine, so unmindful of their true in-
terests, as to submit to hare a constitution impos-
ed OH them under the semblance of election, and
to allow an unfaithful army to wield all the milita-
ry strength of the country against the allied pow-
ers. Even the royalists of Vendee retired from the
contest of their sovereign. Here was a case not in
contemplation of the treaty of the 25th of March;
and although the allies were disposed to act libe-
i-ally and honorably towards Louis XVIII. they were
entitled, and indeed it was imposed upon them by
their duty to their respective people to adopt pre-
cautionary measures, and to require from the French
king and from the French nation both, some satis-
faction in mitigation of the charges to which they
had been rendered liable, and security against the
recurrence of similar evils. As to the treaty of the
25 tli of March, technically speaking, the king of
France was no party in it. At the time it was con-
cluded by the four allied powers, it was not known
that his majesty had left Paris. It was true that
the French minister signified the royal accession,
but nevertheless, in point of fact, there had been no
actual accession on the part of France to the treaty.
Looking therefore, simply at the diplomatic la'w,
there was nothing which precluded the allies from
taking such a view of their policy as the new circum-
stances appeared to require. But nevertheless, he
protested against its being inferred that the allied
powers imagined they stood, either in justice or in
policy in the same situation in which they would
have been, had no engagement with the king of
France taken place, and that they therefore sup-
posed themselves warranted in abstaining from all
indulgence. Enough of the original character of
the alliance remained to prevent this. All the
parties concerned were contending for the same
cause — to relieve Europe from the military domi-
nation of France. This imposed on the allies in
equity towards Louis the 18th, a disposition not
to carry the principle of indemnity and security
beyond the strict necessity of the case, but to
endeavor to combine the general interests of the
king of France and the French nation with those
measures of precaution which were indispensible.
for the safety of Europe. In considering the course i
of policy which hud been adopted by the allies, I
therefore, it became necessary to look at the ele-
ments of which France was composed, for on that
view alone could the arrangements which had been
concluded be pronounced wise or otherwise. — The
French nation was separable into three great funda-
mental divisions. In the first place the allies had
to consider what course of policy was due to the
king as a sovereign, having long suffered by the
events of the revolution, and having invariably
manifested a spirit of conciliation, eminently calcu-
lated as far as IMS majesty's power extended, to se-
cure the best hopes and wishes of Europe. Secondly,
they had to look at the collected mass of the nation
which although some minor parts of it had lent
themselves to the usurpation or' Bonaparte, as a
whole, had maintained iis loyalty and yuod dis-
position. Thirdly, they had to comprehend in their
deliberations that branch of the French system
which had invariably shown itself hostile to the
repose of Europe, without the utter subduing of
vrhrc!) any prospect of peace with France, cilher
under Louis or under any/other dynasty, must prove-
illusory and transient. "They felt that if the anny
of France, organized as it was on the principles of
military jacobinism, was still permitted, as in re-
cent time's it had constantly been permitted, to hold
its ascendancy over the people, and to maintain its
influence in tht councils of that nation, nothing was
gained for the tranquility of Europe; but that the
French government, of whomsoever composed, must
continue to be impelled by its impetuous and un-
principled dictates.' The allies were satisfied that
if the war should not prove fatal to that body, al-
though peace might be restored, yet it would be
restored only for a short period, and would presently
terminate in a renewal of hostilities. He would not
call for the approbation of that house of the course
which had been pursued, if he were not prepared
therefore to avow that the allies made the disso-
lution and extinction of that army the main object
of their policy. Many of them had fallen in the
fit-Id by the bravery and skill with which they had
been encountered. But after that signal defeat of
the French army, the allies would have been justly
chargeable with their resurrection if they had not
followed up the blow, and extinguished, as far as
it was possible, the power so dangerous to all. Still,
however, it was necessary to be vigilant. If the
governments of Europe were to allow themselves
to be lulled into security by supposing that the
French army had ceased to exist because it had
ceased to appear on the parade, they would soon
witness a revival of that scourge which had so long
desolated the world. He had no hesitation there j
fore, nay, he prided himself in avowing that it was
distinctly declared to Louis XVIII, that if he did
not dissolve the French army, the allies must
charge themselves with that indispensible task.
In order to give effect to this representation, three
hundred thousand men were assembled on the Loire
with the intention of denouncing the armistice on a
particular day, if arrangements were not made by
the local authorities of France to dissolve that army,
the existence of which was incompatible with the
general repose.
Under these circumstances, he ptit it to the
feelings of every Englishman, whether our further
interference was not only natural and just, but whe-
ther it was not imperiously demanded by the state
in which this requisition left th<e king. What right
had we to call in the king to dissolve what was
called the royal army, if after having done so, we
meant to leave him to their mere) ? Were we not
bound to defend him from them in their disbanded
as well as in their collected staie — in their character
of conspirators as well as in their character of sol-
diers ? He for one, had never been disposed to
depreciate the abilities of Bonaparte; but the com-
parison of the danger arising to society from the
talents of that individual, and from the disposition
of the French army itself, was as the comparison
between a drop of water and the sea. If the moral,
or rather immoral, principle woven into the con-
stitution of the French army, had been suffered to
exist, the confinement of Bonaparte in the place to
which he had been sent was almost an ui. important
consideration, for such an army would not find it
difficult to discover some man capable of leading- it
with courage and abilit) — Tne simple question for
the allies to consider was, \vLeii.er moral and civi)
principle should govern the world, or whether it
should be ruied by a nulitarv despotism, intei-
weaving- itself by degrees into'ail the states of Eu-
rope. Let those who were for pushing to an ex-
treme the opinion of popular authority, reflect on
what iliis military despotism hud betu founded. It
! oiu of that &ute of Sotiul disorgomzat ion
modern philosophy and. modern
346
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNES, 1816-.
tended to produce. It had been the sad refuse from
the evils of anarchy. Fortunately the rashness and
intemperance by which it -was characterized hud
prevented its perpetuation. Every effort to that
effect, however, had been made by its great leader.
Tr* France, under Bonaparte, every thing had been
rendered subordinate to the army. One of the last
acts of .Bonaparte was to call on the prefects of
France to deliver to him descriptive lists of the
females, their property, &c. in their respective
districts^, evidently intending1 to sacrifice them to
the lust and rapacity of that army by which, oper-
ated upon by so powerful a stimulus, he vainly
hoped to maintain himself on the throne of France,
and to carry desolation into the surrounding states.
So. far was the interference of the allied powers to
pH*;, down the French army from being unpopular
in France, that he had never talked with a single
Wiell-informed man in that country who had not
spoken of the tyranny of the military despotism
:vs that from which it was desirable to escape. —
Even those who had run through the whole course
of the revolution denounced the military system as
a .monster in government which triumphed over the
law,, and which rendered the state a mere instru-
ment for the. gratification of its own detestible
wishes. Not only were the steps taken by the
r.llies to guard against the return of this military
despotism gratefully acknowledged in France, but
:i strong and very general solicitude was shown that
they would take into their protection the civil con-
stitution of that country — a step which, according
to the established relation between nations, it was
impossible to take.
With respect to the great body of the French na-
lion, whatever levity they might have exhibited;
with whatever facility they might have lent them-
selves to the different usurpations, it was the anxi-
ous desire of the allied powers not to pursue to-
wards them a resentful or revengeful policy, but if
possible to combine the system of security for Ku-
rupe with such acts as would mark this great distin-
guishing character of their proceedings, namely,
ihat their hostility was directed, not against France
as a nati m; not against France in a royal sense; but
against France in a revolusionary sense, and most
essentially against France as the concentration of
military jacobinism. Nor did the allies proceed on
this principle alone. They acted on a very broad
policy. If they had spoiled the game they had been
playing, by mixing it up with any ordinary question
between state and state — if, instead of endeavoring
1o re-include France in the pale of social nations, they
had attempted to degrade her — they would have
combined all France aguinst them, instead of hav-
ing the great muss of the people on their side.
There was some people who might have supposed
that this was a favorable moment for depriving
France of the encroachments which she had made
under Loui.s XlVth. and making her return to her
<)ld limits. Rut however specious this supposition,
the reasoning on which it was founded appeared 1<>
him to be extremely fallacious. If France had grown
since the the period alluded to, other states had
also risen. The power of the J.rhish empire, for
instance, had increased so much of late vears as to
render the reduction of France less necessary. The
power of Russia :»lso bad increased so much, that'
with every confidence in its moderate exercise, it
rendered impolitic a reduction of that of France.
And above all, nothing could have been more fatal
to the policy and object of tlje great confederacy,
which was to keep their general principle distinct
ti'o*n any petty arrangement betweLTi state and state.
Having embarked with every tiling wise and loyat-
in France, against a danger common to all Europe,
it would have been most injurious 1ml they made an
indirect advantage of existing circumstances, and
failed to preserve to France her character aa a na-
tion. From the king to the meanest peasant in the
country, not a man but would have united against
them had they pursued any other policy. "What the
Confederates especially was charged "with w..s, to
tranquilize the world— not to carve out the differ-
ent states according to their own notions; -.vhich,
although they might be abstractedly righl, would,
if indulged, lead them from that which was their
great and important object. Coming to the consi-
deration of the subject with this view of h, variou*
lines of policy offered themselves to their adoption.
There was the course of calling on France toi a
severe contribution of money, and there was the
course of calling on her for an extensive dismem-
berment of territory. A false impression was, lie
believed, very prevalent on this part of the ques-
tien. It was supposed bv some that it would be
more wise to have made a substantial demand of
France for territory, leaving the French govern-'*
ment in possession of all their resources, and it wj-.s-
imagined that of all cessions a pecuniary cession
was most revolting to the feelings of the French.
He could assure the house that nothing could be
less true than this proposition. With the exception
of the natural repugnance which all men had to part
with their money, there was hardly any indisposition
in France to this measure. Indeed the state of the-
French finances admitted it. Out of the nature of
its situation, and the profligacy of its conduct, had
grown this advantage. While all the rest of the
world were straining their exertions, France had
scarcely a burden; for as soon as they had created
armies, they turned them loose to prey on mankind.
He believed, therefore, that France was in a state of
greater financial affluence than any other country
in Europe; and more especially with reference to
the two neighboring states, Prussia and Austria.
He would take this opportunity of saying, that
under existing circumstances of those two coun-
tries, it had not been deemed prudent or wise by
the British government to press the repayment of
the imperial loan. They really were not in a state
at present to make the exertion which that repay-
ment would require. In the last two campaigns
Prussia had expended 1200 millions of livres, or
fifty millions sterling; and ;he cxpence of Austria.
had been still greater. In consequence the finance*
of those two countries had been so reduced, that
had his majesty's government insisted on payment
of the imperial" loan, they would actually have been
unable to have put their armies on the pence estab-
lishment, and would have been put to other incon-
veniences, which in every point of view it was nu>s*.
desirable that we should, if possible, prevent them
from enduring. As to the cession of territory by
France, instead of contribution money, there ua*
not a man in the kingdom, from the monarch ir t!i«
lowest individual, who did not entertain for sueh a.
proposition that which might justly be ca*!
national repugnance. So abhorrent was it '<o the
feelings of the whole French people, that lie really
beljeved it would not have been in the power of the
allies to persuade his most Christian maje^iy to ->c-
cede to such a stipulation. Besides, it ought In be
considered that unless the demand for :i cession of
territory went far, it would 'ie rrmci, i isoc u>- o
make it at all. On some p ris of the mul ifar dus
questions before them, t.iciv had of course been
strong JlfierentCT of opinion nmor.j,- the allied pow-
BILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— LORD CASTLEREAGH'S SPEECH. 34,7
£rs, but on that of the cession of French territorj
none. They all disavowed the right of treating
Prance as a conquered nation in that respect, or o
dismembering it with a view to alter its military
character and resources, as a nation. All that the)
held themselves entitled to consider was, the mor<
or less, the modification of the frontier — but no
one of the confederated powers imagined that i
was within the functions of the confederacy to dis
member France itself. It should be considered tha
what was taken from France must have been given
to some other nation. There was the two-fold dan
ger of taking down ene power and of raising up an
other. Unless a third, or half of her territory had
been severed from France, no effect could hav<
been produced. And did the house calculate 01
the Wounded pride and honor that such a dismenv
berment would necessarily excite? Where was th<
Englishman who would not fight for any of the an
'cient possessions of our crown? And he must say
that he should not respect that Frenchman who dicf
not feel that the state of his coutitiy before the re
volution was that in which his honor was bound up
and that he could not allow the state to be diminish
«ed without a degradation worse than death. He
therefore begged leave to contend, that in point o"
justice, no proceeding of dismemberment coulc
take phice; and that in point of policy, the ven
nature of the contest, which was for the establish
ment of a general principle of security, rendercr
such a step unwise; and the last remedy to whici
Europe ought to look as a defence against the evils
that surrounded her. There was another principle
of action which should wot pass unnoticed. What-
ever it wan wise to do at all, it was important shoulc
be done, not by any particular state, but by Europe
as a whole. It was highly important that Europe
in_its> present allied state, should act as a body; anc
that nothing should occur to reduce that body to its
original clement. If a fragment only had been taken
from France; and if that fragment had been deliver-
ed over to the power to whom, from loca.1 circum-
stances, it would have proved the greatest advau
tage, the maintenance and defence of the acquisition
would have necessarily devolved on that single pow-
er, and that at a period of the greatest agitation
and difficulty.
It was a fundamental maxim of France to be in
rolved in war with the low countries, and whenever
this was the case, the burden always fell upon the
shoulders of this country. We had, therefore, taken
care to secure the dominions of the king of the Ne-
therlands, as much as passible, against any attack
from France. By the precautionary measures, how-
ever, that were adopted, there was every reason to
hope and believe that France woulfl not mnke any
hostile attempt. We had 150,000 of the best troops
in tne world, under a man who was justly and uni-
versally admitted to be the greatest general in the
world; and as France had created the danger, it
U'os but right 'that she should pay the price for
watching over her tranquility. On the whole, he had
good reason to believe that the peace would prove
secure, even though some shew" of hostilities might
be made by France in so long a space of the life of
nxm as five years. It would by no means have been
wise to have taken the line of fortresses from France,
and annexed them to the countries to which they
were contiguous. Such a measure would have been
of iw) advantage to those countries; it might have
been resisted by the French government, aiul might
have created more danger oV a new war than ihe
leaving of them in possession of France, after the
alf&4 troops srtiijiild be u-irhtk'&wa. It was the g-e-
neral opinion of France, that she never erred mom
than in extending her territory. The future state
of Europe depended on kings' being permanently'
settled in France, and they would bo so by not suf-
fering her government to be thrown backwards- and
forwards as it had been. The allies had preferred
the government of the king, because it seemed to
offer nothing that was" likely to shake the peace of
Europe. It was therefore a deliberate purpose of
the allies, when they concluded the treaty of the,
20th of November, to do away all cause for jealousy,
and they bound themselves to restore the fortresses,
with the few exceptions specified in the treaty, at
the end of five years. But they did not bind them-
selves to restore them to any be4t the king's lawful
heirs and successors, so that if the present dynastv
should by any means be subverted, we did not
pledge ourselves to the folly and absurdity of giving
them up to any person who might be at the head of
the government at that time, but to look at what
might take place, and judge whether it would be
necessary to impose some new restrictions. We were
pled-ged to support the king of France, but not to
support any new revolutionary government. He was
satisfied that greater securities for the durability ot*
the peace had been obtained by the course pursued
in the late negociations, than could have been ob-
tained if France had been pushed into concessions
with a more violent hand. If the king had not as-
cended the tin-one on the principle that the virtual
integrity of France should be preserved, h'e (loi'd,
Castlereagh) Would have had the most serious"
doubts of the continuance of peace. He felt that in
that case it would have been much endangered bv
the -irritated feelings of the French nation. IJn\
while due attention had been paid to this conside-
ration, the allies had not failed to require whatthev
thought adequate securities for the future repose of
Europe. These, he trusted, it would be the opinion
of the house they had obtained, when it was recc!-
lectcd that -five fortresses of considerable local im-
portance had been ceded by France to the kin*- of
the Netherlands, and that" the destruction of*on«
\vluch was of some importance had been insisted
upon. Had the arrangement, made for the future:'
repose of Europe, stopped here, he should have
thought it incomplete. In his opinion, however,
the other condition which had been made, combim d
with those to which he had just referred, would
^lace the balance of power in Europe on a better
Noting than it had obtained since the time of Joseph
the second. France was to pay to the allies sev'tu
Kindred millions of livres. Out of this sum, three
Kindred millions was to be expended for therrcc-
:ion of strong places to defend the low countries,
vhich WouliJ thus be placed in a better «tate thai*.'
:hey had been in for the last fif.y years; and he ha'iL
no hesitation in saying, it was a much better tram?
or England to play, to support the king of the' No-
herlands, in his own ten-ivories, than 'it would l;e
o maintain his authority in places taken from Trance,
vhich that nation might reclaim whenever she fell
ler military power sufficiently revived to'enable her",
to venture on such an undertaking. He was anxi-
ous that the question should rest on this principle,
hat England should rather take upon herself to do- '
'eadthe Netherlands than to hold the strong place >
iJccn from France, some of which it must be difii
ult to maintain, and some (Lisle for instance) i;
rui^t be obvious to every person who looked at their
military situation, would be rathe i- an incumbruncc'
han an advantage.
He would now say a few words on the subject ov
he sacrifices of a pecuniary nature imposed u->on
•"-^ in MtisTaetJaa a1,' tha. views of the a: A-
348
N1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 8, 1816
Looking at the operation which these would hav
upon ti»e French government, he certainly consider
eel vv-luit had been dme in this respect was politi
call-.- ihe most expedient course, to neutralize, ii
the first instance, and ultimately to remedy that
military spirit '.vhic'h had proved so fatal to the re-
pose of Europe. It' we. drew from the French those
resources which might sustain a military force, and
applied li to the support of their own, kept '..here
for the purpose of surveillance, we took the best
means for preventing- the recurrence of those evils
»gahst which it Was the object of the allies to
guard. This lie thought the wisest policy that
could he pursued to accomplish the end in view,
and that which would be the least offensive, as
it would be the least injurious to France herself
This persevered in for five years, he entertained
sanguine hopes would establish the tranquility ol
Fr-.nce, and 'with it that of the rest of Europe.—
But he was aware that it WAS common to gentle-
men to say the contributions which had been im-
posed, France could and would not pay. In an-
swer to this, he had in the first place lo state,
that she had already made very considerable pay-
ments, and these under circumstances of peculiar
difficulty and embarrassment; in the second, he
would observe, she must pay them or become bank-
rupt in national credit; and thirdly, it was to be re-
membered, that if she failed to do this, we should
then stand in the same situation in which we had
:,tocd when, in the opinion of some gentlemen, we
oug.it to have insisted upon other terms, founded
upon permanent cessions of territory to be made by
France.
It v.us now to be considered how the payments
could be made by France, and what would be the
effect of- them on her trade and resources? In speak-
ing of the arrangements which had been made, he
wished it to be distinctly understood, that when
he spolce of them as being wise, he did not give
them that character because he thought them ruin-
ous to France. He protested against this doctrine
altogether, as he was satisfied no arrangement could
be wise, that carried ruin to one of the countries,
between which it was concluded, lie believed that
if both parties had not an interest in carrying any
ireaty negociated into effect, it must eventually
fail. * In miscalculating the point on which it could
be acted upon with mutual benefit, the advantages
contended for on either side were lost, lie believ-
ed France could pay the contributions which had
been demanded, and that she intended paying* them
— France, he maintained, was us greatly interested
in seeing that military spirit subside which had pre-
vailed' within her territories so long, as it was pos-
sible the rest of Europe could be. If at the end
of five years she should find this to have been ma-
terially" abated, and her civil energies increased in
proportion, the change thus produced would be not
less beneficial to her than it would prove to her
neighbors. The contributions demanded could be
met by the revenues of that country— by the sale of
crown lands; by the augmentation of her national
debt, she might be enabled honorably to fulfil her
engagements without bringing oa the state any ex-
traordinary calamity. France it had been stipulated
should pay, as an indemnity to the allies, the sum
of 700,000,000 livres, (2tJ or 29,000,000/. sterling)
but this was, comparatively speaking, a very incon-
siderable payment, when put by the side of the othu*
c-xpenses which the late war had thrown upon her.
In addition to this 29>QOS,000/. France hiid en;.
to maintain an army ..of 150,000 men belonging
allies, for ih e ; eats.
men could not be estimated at less than 1,000,005
of livres per ami; this army, therefore, would cost
France yearly the sum of 150,000^00. From this
it would be seen, the sums which France wouh
have to pay in five years, for the maintenance of
this army, 'would be 750,000,000 livres, male ing,
•vitli 700,000,000 given to the allies as an indemnity,
a- total of 1450,000,000 of livres.
l?y a convention concluded, the French govern
meat had engaged to pay 120 livers a man (about 5/;)
on the whole force of 1,040,000 men, which had
marched into France to conquer peace, and the las',
payment due on this account had been made. The
expense of this vast force had been borne by France
for five or six months, and this added to the sum*-
which he had already named, and other charge;-,
which had been thrown on her, brought the total
expense of the invasion which she had sustained
up to a sum of not less than 2000 millions of livres
—about 80,000,0007. sterling. He deprecated tha'
disposition to arraign the intention of the allied
powers; which had Vecently been manifested, and
contended these efforts to create an alarm un-
founded in the first- instance, were likely (if any
thing could be expected to produce such an effect)
to originate the evils, the existence of which those
to whom he referred affected to dep ore. The friend-
ly disposition of the emperor of Kussia towards
this country had been particularly manifested in the
course which he had recently taken with respect
to the Ionian Islands. This supplied a reftutaion
of all the statements which had been circulated for
the purpose of awakening a jealousy against Russia
on the part of this country. If any thing was done
by this country which at all went to separate its
interests from those of its allies, he was convinced
that we should not only give up the advantages felt
from their influence, but we should do that which
would tend to keep up that military spirit in Eu-
rope, which it was desirable to see lowered, ("//ear,
hear.} Though the other powers in Europe had
not be,en thrown into those monstrous creations of
military efforts which had been witnessed in France.
still it could not be denied, that there existed in
them a warlike spirit, which could not immediate!}
subside; and lie went along with those on the op-
posite side, who were of opinion, a perfect state o
peace could never be obtained till that spirit should
much abated (~Hear, hear, hear.'} till armies
again became universally the creatures of the state.
'instead of states being as they had been (in some
nstances) the creatures of the armies ( Hear,
'tear, hear/ ) A reduction of the military force of
England could take place sooner than "a similar
reduction could be effected in other countries, but
f we were to be precipitate in putting this measure
in operation, while all the rest of the world were
in arms, we should do that which would be likely
to perpetuate that system which we wished to sec-
changed, and which, if a different course were
r.trsued on our part, we might reasonably hopir
would not long be upheld — (Hear, hear, hear, and
oucl cheering!) — His lordship concluded one of the
nost able speeches ever delivered in parliament,
>y moving an address similar to the one moved in
the house of lords by the earl of Liverpool.
(TjThe length of Castlereaglts very interesting
speech in the Hriti«-h parliament, which extended'
considerably further, or occupied more sp;;ce than
we expected, has shoved, out a grea.body of minor
Articles of interest — though none ef immediate im-
WILES' WEEKLY REGISTER.
X«. 16 OP VOL. X.]
BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, JUNK 15, 1816.
[WHOt/E NO. 250-
Hctc olim memiiusse jura bit. —
AND FUHLISHKD BY H. NILES, AT THE HEAD OK CHEAPSIDE, AT
rY.n ANNUM.
£jThis number of the WF.KKLY RECISTEB JS'a
companiecl by a SUPPLEMENT of eight page
containing much useful and interesting matter,
The present calm of the world will enable tl
everal favorite projects to gi
As a book of reference, it ma
editor to execute
value to his work
lose some part of that high importance which b
longed to it during the busy season of war; but a
a depository of documents and facts, together wit
original essays and articles on the various subjcc
within the range of its plan, lie believes that i
usefulness will not be lessened. Certain arrang
wents have happily been entered into that th
editor flatters himself will much gratify Jus reaclei
-an assistant is engaged on whose talents and n
lustry he can confidently rely. An object long di
>«red, on many accounts.
While the editor manifests an earnest dispositio
:o spare no labor or expenCe to make the UKGISTE
,'et more worthy the money required for it, he re
frets to state— that for several weeks past he ha
»een, and for several weeks to come ought to be
eriously employed in the most unpleasant, but no
he least important, part of the business of the esta
disiiment — to wit, in an attempt to effect a gene
al settlement of accounts, with a collection of th
f.onies due him for his labor. For these, in de
pile of every prudent and proper precaution, havi
ccumulated to a distressing amount. He hope;
hat every considerate gentleman, who has yet ne
lectecl to supply his portion of the "essential oi
f industry," will no longer delay to furnish it. The
'EGISTEH is, or is not, worth five dollars a year —
id the editor, though ever -grateful to his patrons
>r their support, does not wish to be considered
i indebted to the charity of any for what he dc
lands as a right.
Sheer necessity has wrung tins paragraph from
3. Of all hateful things, the business of dunning
the most hateful — and it is earnestly requested,
lat all concerned may reflect upon it. These debts
Hang like millstones round our neck," and make it
iposaible that the work should be conducted with
.e life, and spirit, and utility that the editor sup-
>ses himself capable of giving to it, under other
ore happy circumstances.
Washington's Letter
OM B HADDOCK'S DEFEAT.
.If/-. J\'iles — As the enclosed may cast an acldi-
mal ray of light upon the history of our country,
d ;is all that relates to Washington, however
nute, cannot fail to be particularly interesting to
cry citizen of independent America, and more
;>ecially, an accurate, simple and unaffected rela-
>n of at\ event so important in its n.iturc and con-
penoos as that of Shaddock's defeat, dictated in! tor above ten days.
Washington's letter to his mother immediately after
Rraddock's defeat."* It will be recollected that Mrs,
Washington, the mother of the Jate general, then
resided at Bushfield, in Westmoreland county,
which is the next county on the Potomac, below
King George; and also, that Mr. Samuel Washing-
ton, the general's brother, then lived next neighbor
to colonel Fitzhugb, with whom he was in habits of
intimacy and friendship. From these circumstances
there can be no doubt about its authenticity.
of colonel G. Watlangion's letter to his mother,
immediately after UraddocL-'s defeat.
**HojfOHED MM) AM
As I doubt notyou have heard of our defeat, and
perhaps have had it represented in a worse light
""possible) than it deserves, I have taken the?
earliest opportunity to give you some account of
the engagement as it happened, within seven miles
of the French fort, on Wednesday, the 9th inst,
"Ve marched on to that place without any consider i-
'le loss, having only now ami then a straggler picked
ip by the French scouting Indians. When we came
here we were attacked bv a body of French and
ndians, whose numbers, 1 am certain, did not ex-
:eed 300 men. Our's consisted of about 1300 well
.rmed troops, chiefly of the English soldiers, who
vere struck with such a panic that they behaved
with more cowardice than it is possible to conceive,
'he officers behaved gallantly, in order to cncou-
age the men, for which they suffered greatly, there
eing nearly 60 killed and wounded, a larg-e pro-
ortion out of the number we had. The Virginia
roops shewed' a great deal of braverv, and were
ear all killed; for I believe out of three companies
iat there is scarce 30 men left alive. Captain Pcy-
onee and all his officers, down to a corporal, were
illed. Captain Poulson shared near as hard a fa to,
ir only one of his men was left. In short, the das-
irdly behaviour of those they call regulars, exposed
1 others that were inclined to do their dutv to
most certain death; and at last, in despite of all
ie efforts of the officers to the contrary, they broke
id ran as sheep pursued by dogs, and it was im-
ossible to rally them.
The general was wounded, of which lie died
ree-days after. Sir Peter Hacket was killed in tht:
eld, where died many other brave officers. I luck-
y escaped without a wound, though. I had four
illets through my coat, and two horses shot under
e. Captains Orme and Morris, two of the g-eneral's
ds-de-camp, were -rounded early in the engage -
ent, which rendered the duty hard upon rne, as 1
as the only person then left to distribute the
encrai's orders, which 1 was scarcely able to do,
I was not half recovered from a violent spell of
ckness that confined me to my bed and a waggon
I am stiil in a weak, and feeble
spirit of feeling and affection, by one of the most
istrious heroes and patriots our country ever
>duced, I send it to you for publication. and pre-
•vation in your valuable Register. This copy was
ml an-;n:; the papers of the late colonel Henry
Ziuigh, of King (rcon;-c rmnty, Virginia, indorsed
his hand writing- tlu^: u \ '-vtpr >f cvilon..! Q.
VOL. X.
condition, which induces me to halt here two o'-
three days, in hopes of recovering a little strength
to enable me to proceed homewards, from wluv.o.:
I fear I shall not be able to stir until towards Sep-
tember."
-MV is in possession of the edit
N1LE81 WEEKLY REG I STER— SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 1818,
Ti may be a matter of curiosity and some utility
io contrast and compare this accotmt of Braddock's
dtfcat, given by the late general Washington, who
was present, with thator some of the historians who
have undertaken to relate the particulars of it.
Jti'hhaw, in his History of Great-Britain, vol. 4,
p. 26:?, says, that "early in the year 1755, general
Rraddock had sailed from Cork with a considerable
i-ody of regular troops, and, on his arrival in Vir-
ginia, took upon him the command of the forces
destined to act against the French on the Ohio. —
This officer was a man of approved bravery, com-
pletely versed in all points of military discipline,
but opiniated and positive in his temper, and in his
deportment austere and imperious. Wholly unac-
quainted with the country in which he was appoint-
ed to the chief command, and entertaining a sove-
reign contempt for the colonial militia, of whom
his army was in a great measure composed, he
heard with silent disdain all that information which
the provincial officers were desirous to offer re-
specting the mode of conducting an American ex-
pedition through woods, deserts, and vorasses, and
the precautions which were necessary to guard
against surprize, particularly as the Indian nut ions
were for the most part in alliance with France. —
Jfaviirg advanced with the most fearless security to
less than ten miles of fort Du Quesne, and without
condescending1, though earnestly pressed, to emple>y
the irregulars in the service as an advanced guard,
or to .send out any parties to reconnoitre the coun-
try, about noon on the ninth of July, in his march
through a pathless swamp, entangled amid brakes
and rushes, Ive was on the sudden saluted with the
horrid sound of the Indian war-whoop, accompanied
by a general fire both on his front and flank from a
concealed and invisible enemy. The vanguard im-
mediately fell back, and terror and confusion soon
spread throughout all ranks of the army. The gene-
1-al, far from making any efforts to discover and
disperse this dangerous ambuscade, exerted him-
self only to re-form and rally his troops, as if en-
ifaged with a regular army in an open plain. But
the exactest discipline was, in this situation, of
little avail; for, though no enemy appeared, the
havoc and slaughter till continued, and the general
himself being at length killed by a musket shot, the
regular troops lied the field with the utmost pre-
cipitation, the provincials, so much despised, form-
ing ia the rear, and covering their retreat; major
WASHINGTON, their commander, acquiring on this
occasion, adniist ruin and defeat, the honors and
laurels of victory. AH the artillery, ammunition
i.'ul baggage of the army were left in the hands ol
the enemy, and even the general's own cabinet, with
all his letters and instructions."
Jiissctf) in his continuation, vol. 1, p. 125, <.*t sen.
says —
"But the most important object of the campaign
was, to drive the French from their posts on and
ne;u- the Ohio. The strongest fort for securing their
settlements was J)u Quesne, against which an ex-
pedition was projected, to consist of liriiish and
provincial troops, under general Braddock. This
commander arrived in Virginia with two regiments
in the month of February. When he was ready to
take the field, he found that the contractors 'had
provided neither a sufficient quantity of provisions
for his troops, nor the requisite number of carri-
ages. This deficiency, however, might have been
foreseen, if proper enquiries had been made into
flu state of that plantation The Virginians, at-
lei Jing little to any produce but tobacco, did not
-a:se corn enough for in eh1 own subsistence; and be-
ng most commodiously situated for water carriage
they had very few vehicles of any other kind. Pejin
sylvania, on the other hand, abounded in corn, in
carts, waggons and horses; that, therefore, would
have been the fitter colony for forwarding military
operations. Besides, it would have afforded a shorte'r
route, by equally practicable roads, to the destined
place. The choice of Virginia considerably delayed
the expedition. From Pennsylvania the commander
was at length supplied, and enabled to march; but a
fatal obstacle to success still remained in the cha-
racter of the general. Braddock, bred hi the Eng-
lish guards, was well versed in evolutions. Of
narrow understanding, though sufficiently expert
in customary details, he never ascended to the prin-
ciples of military science. Rigid in matters of dis-
cipline, but fully as often for the display of com-
mand as the performance of duty, he was very un-
popular among the soldiers. Positive and self con -
ceited in opinion, haughty and repulsive in man-
ners, he closed the avenues to information. Brave
and intrepid, he, with his confined abilities, might
have been fit for a subordinate station, but evidently
had not the power, essential to the general, of
commanding an ascendancy over the minds of men.
The crearure of custom and authority, he despised
all kinds of tactics and warfare that he had not seeu
practised. lie did not consider that the samespe-
cies of contest may not suit the plains of Flanders
and the fastnesses of America. The duke of Cum-
berland had written his instructions with his own
hand, and both in word and writing cautioned him
strongly against ambuscade. The self-conceit ct
of his contracted mind suffered him neither to re-
g'urcl the counsels, nor to consult any under his
command respecting American warfare. The In-
dians, if well disposed, would, from their know-
ledge of the country and their countrymen, have
rendered esssential service. Disgusted, however,
by his overbearing behavior, most of them forsook
his army On the 18th of June he set off from Fort
Cumberland, and marched with great expedition
through the woods; but, though entreated by his
officers, neglected to explore the country. On
the 1st of July he arrived within ten miles of Fort
Du Quesne, still utterly regardless of the situation
or disposition of the enemy. The following day,
about noon, as he was passing a swamp between u
lane of trees, he was suddenly attacked on bot4i
flanks by bodies of French and Indians, concealed
in the wood, The general, in his dispositions for
resistance, shdwed a perseverance of his obstinacy
He was advised to scour the thickets with grape
shot, or with Indians or other light troops; but he
commanded his forces to form in regular order, a:-i
if they had been advancing against an enemy in an
wpen country. His soldiers, perceiving themselves
led into an ambuscade, were seized with a panic and
thrown into confusion; which was increased by the
full of most of their officers, at whom the dextrous
Indian marksmen had chiefly aimed. The general
fought valiantly; but receiving a shot was carried
oil' the field, and expired in a few hours: an awful in-
stance, how little mere courage and forms of tactic;-,
without judgment and prudence, c-n avail a com-
mander in chief when he is employed on an import-
ant service, 'the provincial troops, advancing from
the rear, and engaging the enemy, gave the regulars
time to recover their spirits and ranks, and thin
preserved them from total destruction. Notwith
stand this support, more than half the troops were
cut to pieces. The remains of the army made i
masterl retreat to Virginia, under colonel WASH
to whose skill and conduct it was chiefly
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— UNITED STATES* ARMY.
351
owing that they were not overtaken and destroyed;
but they thus necessarily left the western frontier
exposed to the French and Indians."
Smollett, (after describing the character and con-
duct of general Braddoclc MV\ the difficulties he had
to encounter by the selection of Virginia for the
commencement of his operations, so nearly in the
language of JJtsimtt us certainly to shew that one
of these authors [the latter, we believe, is the lat-
est writer] must have copied from the other) —
says:
"Under these disadvantages [a total disregard of
the advice of others, and the dispersion of his In-
dian idiies] he began his march from Fort Cumber-
land on the 10th of June, at the head of about 2200
men, for the Meadows, where col. Washington was
defeated the year before. Upon his arrival there,
lie was informed that the French fort at du Quesne,
which had lately been built on the same river, near
its confluence with the Alonongahela, expected a
reinforcement of 500 troops: therefore, that he
might march with greater despatch, he left colonel
Dunbar, with 800 men, to bring up tho provisions,
stores and heavy baggage, as fast as the nature of
th ? service would permit; and with the other 1200,
together with 10 pieces of cannon, and the necessa-
ry amuuinitio i and provisions, he marched on with
so much expedition, that he seldom took any time
to reconnoitre the woods or thickets lie was to pass
through; as if the nearer he approached the enemy
the farther he was removed from dang-er.
"On the 8th of July, he encamped within ten
miles of fort du Quesne. Though colonel Dunbar was
then near forty miles behind him, and his officers
particularly sir Peter Hacket, earnestly entreatei
him to proceed with caution, and to employ the
friendly Indians who were with him, by way of an
advanced guard, in case of ambuscades; yet he re
Slimed his march the ne.xt day, without so much as
endeavoring to obtain any intelligence of the situa
tion or disposition of the enemy, or even sending
out any scouts to visit the woods and thickets 01
both sides of him, as well as in front. With thi:
carelessness was lie advancing, when about noon
lie was saluted with a general fire upon his front
and all along his left flank, from an enemy so art
fully concealed behind the trees and bushes, tha
not a man of them could be seem The vanguart
immediately fell back upoMi the main body, and in
an instant the panic and confusion became' general
so that most of the troops fled with great precipi
tation, notwithstanding all that their officers, some
of whom behaved very gallantly, could do to sto
their career. As to iiraddock'himself, instead o
pouring the thickets and bushes from whence the
iu-e came, wi-.h grape shot from the ten pieces o
cannon he had wkh him, or ordering flanking par
ties of his Indians to advance against the enemy, IK
obstinately remained upon the spot where he" was
and gave orders for the few brave officers and mei
who staid with him, to form recrularly and advance
Meanwhile his men fell thick about him, and almos
all his officers were singled out, one after another
and killed or wounded; for the Indians, who alwav
take aim when they fire, and aim chiefly at the oMi
cers, distinguished them by their dress. At last
the general, whose obstinancy seemed to increas
.With the danger, after having'had sorn.e horses slio
•ruler him, received a musket shot through hi
right arm and lungs, of which lie died in a fev
hours, having been earned off the field by the brave
.-v of heutenant-coloael Gage and another of hi
cihccrs. When he dropped, the confusion of th.
' reinamefl ''u're-J inn. n dwm-r*ht ;mU rev
lisorderly flight across a river which they had just
assed, though no enemy appeared or attempted
o attack them. All the artillery, ammunition, and
iaggage of the army were left to the enemy, and,
.mong the rest, the general's cabinet, with "his let-
ers and instructions, which the French court af.cr-
vards made a great use of in their primed memo-
Jals and manifestoes. The loss of the English, in
his unhappy affair, amounted to seven hundred
nrven. Their officers, in particular, suffered much
more than in the ordinary proportion of battles in
Europe. Sir I'etcr Hacket till by the very first fire,
.t the head of his regiment; and the general's se-
:retary, son to governor Shirley, was killed soon
ifter. Neither the number of men which the enc-
ny had in this engagement, nor the the loss which
hey sustained, could be so much as guessed at:
mt the French afterwards gave out, that their num-
>er did not, in the whole, exceed four hundred men,
mostly Indians; knd that their loss was quite incon-
.iderable, as it probably was; because they lay con-
sealed in such a manner that the English knew no*.
vhither to point their muskets. The panic of these
ast continued so long, that they never stopped un-
.il they met the rear division; "and even then they
infected those troops with their terrors; so that the
army retreated without stopping till they reached
Fort Cumberland, though the enemy did not so
much as attempt to pursue, nor ever appeared in
sight, either iu the battle, or after the defeat. On
the whole, this was, perhaps, the most extraordi-
nary victory that ever was obtained, and the farthest
flight that ever was made.
e had an idea of adding to the foregoing,
the accounts of the affair detailed by our own his-
torians, Dr. Ramsay and Judge Marshall, each of
whom give to Washington, &\\A especially the former,
the due-praise for saving the remnaiit'of the army
from annihilation — which he certainly did. Hut
theil- works are in the hands of soflmny of our rea-
ders, that we thought it useless to make abstracts
from them. Smollett's relation of the event is con-
sistent with his character — lie was a Scotch twit
writer, and while lie could condemn one of his
own fellow subjects, it was not in his nature <o praise
the American hero, though he had saved the lives
of several hundred Englishmen. He indirectly gives
"to lieut. col. Cage" the credit of pres-rviiig'the ar-
my; buthe may allude to H'ushingt'jninthQ '"'another
of his [Braddock's] officers," who appears to have
assisted the lieut. colonel ! All the world, except
such tory writers as Smollett, has attributed this to
Washington. Yet Smollett's book is a favorite in
America, and perhaps the most read of any history
of England that we have! It Is through such" sources
that v/e receive those notions about -monarchy which,
if their effects were not so serious, a man might
crack his sides with laughing at,
United States5 Arinj^.
•Adjutant and Inspector-gene fid'* 0/lce, May 17, 18f6,
Vacancies in the army as far as they ape known at
this oitice:
Light .ii'tHlenj. Captains Manigault, Stribling,
Peyton; 1st lieutenants Lantar, Kinloch.
Corps of Jlrtilkry. Captains Boyle, Villard and
iilake; l.->t lieutenants Smyth, DeariHg, Edwards;
2d licuts. Xicl, Reynolds, Cooper, Kir by, Gordon,
Britt, Shade; 3d iieut. Pendieton.
liV regiment Infantry. Captain Reed; 1st lieut.
ThrbaulT: eiK^sv MV-t-?, Havfe; surgeon Scull.
552 N1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUJSE 15, 1816.
2J regiment Infantry. Captain Van Beuren; 1st
lieut. Nourse.
3d regiment Infantry. Major Gardner; captains
Stockton, Mf Donald.
4th regiment Infantry. Captains Barnard, Sang-
ster, Madison; 1st licut. Belton; 2d lieuts. Lissen-
h'oft', Wright
5th regiment Infantry. 2d lieuts. Keeler, Craig,
Blake.
6& regiment Infantry, Major Wool; 1st lieuten-
ant Tappan.
7th regiment Infantry. 2d lieut. Bridges.
8th regiment Tnfatntry. Captain Quackenbos; 1st
lieuts. Ligon, Brady; 2d lieut. Bryan.
Rife regiment. Surgeon-mate Kenning.
Ordnance department. 1st lieuts. Magee, Wade,
Hawkins; 2d lieut. Elisnore; 3d lieut. Willard.
Engineers. 2d lieut. Long.
Stajf. Assistant-adjutant-general Ilomayne; as-
bistant-inspector-general Lee; hospital surgeon's-
rnates Kose, Cambridge, Foot.
THANSFKHS.
Captain Brooks, of the corps of artillery, is trans-
ferred to the light artillery.
First lieut. N. Clark, of the corps of artillery, is
transferred to the light artillery.
First lieut. II. Saunders, of the 1st infantry, is
transferred tothe light artillery.
Captain Stockton, of the 6th infantry, is transfer-
red to the corps of artillery.
First lieut. Ross, of light artillery, is transferred
to the first infantry.
Second lieut. S. Keeler, jr. of the 3d, is transfer-
red to the 6th infantry.
First lieut. King, of the corps of artillery, is trans-
ferred to the 8t& infantry.
Second lieut. JEneas McKay, of the ordnance, is
transferred to the corps of artillery, to rank March
12, 1513.
First lieut. Whistler, of the 1st, is transferred to
the 8th infantry.
First lieut. Clark, of the 5th, is transferred to the
6th infantry.
First lieut. M'Kensk, of the 4th, is transferred to
the corps of artillery.
First licut. Fraser", of the 8th, is transferred to
the corps of artillei'y.
Second lieut. Hindman, of the 1st, is transferred
to the 8th infantry.
Second lieut. Cobbs, of the 8th, is transferred to
the 1st infantry.
Second lieut. Hyde, of the 1st, is transferred to
the 8th infantry.
Second lieut. Rogers, of the 8th, is transferred to
the 1st iiuantry.
First lieut. Mount] oy., of the 3d, is transferred to
the 8th infantry.
First lieut. Culbcrtson, of the 8th, is transferred cond lieut- 8tu Felx 181-4, 1st lieut.. brev. 25th Sep-
to the 3d infantry. jtcmber, 1814; It. II. Hainmon, second lieut. 1st Oc-
Itober, 1814.
1813, captain brevet 3d Aug. 1813; William Ander-
son, 1st lieut. 1st Oct. 1814; John W. Thompson,
second lieut. 6th July, 1812, 1st lieut. brevet 26th
June, 1813; T. P. M'Mnhon, second lieut. 19th
May, 1813, 1st lieut. brevet 1st Jan. 1814; Charles
Ward, 3d lieut. 17th May 1816.
For the regiment of Light Artillery. Luther Leo-
nard, captain, 6th July 1812; J. L Eastman, cap -ain,
31st July, 1813; John A. Shaw, 1st lieut. 21st Feb-
ruary, 1814.
For the corps of Jlrtillery. B. D. Herriot, captain,
31st Dec. 1813; Matthew M. Payne, capt. 2d March,
1814; Ethan A. Allen, capt. 25th July, 1814; Sam-
uel Armstrong, 1st lieut. 9th March, "1814; Robert
M'Clelland, 1st lieut. 1st May, 1814; W. L. Robeson,
1st lieut. 1st May, 1814; George D. Snyder, 2d lieut.
1st Sept. 1812, 1st lieut. brev. 25th June, 1814; Wm.
Coffie, second lieut. 13th March, 1813, 1st lieut.
brev. 21st Sept. 1814; Thomas W. Denton, second
lieut. 13th May, 1813, 1st lieut. brevet 30th June,
1814; Joseph Taylor, second lieut. 1st Aug. 1813,
1st lieut. brev. 15th July, 1814: John Mitchell, se-
cond lieut. 16th Nov. "1813; Erastus Roberts, se-
cond lieut. 2d June, 1814; Hugh K. Meade, second
lieut. 16th Sept. 1814; H. M. Simons, second lieut
16th Sept. 1814; Jesse M'llvain, third lieut. 15th.
June, 1814; P. Bearing, third lieutenant, 12th De
cember, 1814.
For the 1st regiment Infantry. Joseph J. Miles,
captain, llth March, 1814; Wm. C. Beard, 1st lieut.
27th Sept. 1812, capt. brev. 20th Aug. 1814; Wm
Sumpter, 1st lieut. 27th May, 1813;' James Smith,
second lieut. 19th Xov. 1812, 1st lieut. brev. 15th
April, 1814; W. K. Paulling, second lieut. 20th
June, 1814; B. F. Harney, surgeon, 17th August,
1814.
For the 2d regiment Infantry. George G. Steele,
captain, 6th July, 1812, major brevet 4th Septem-
ber 1814,- James Bailey, Ist'lieot.Sd Jan. 1812, cap-
tain brevet 27th March 1814.
For the 3d regiment Infantry. Z. Taylor, major.
15th May, 1814, brevet 5th Sept. 1812; Benj. De-
sha, captain, 17th March, 1814; George Gray, cap-
tain, 17th Sept. I8l4j Andrew Lewis, 'second lieut
3d May, 1814.
For the 4th regiment infantry. J. N M'Intosh,
captain, 1st May, 1811; C. Crawford, captain, 6th
July, 1812; George W. Melvin, captain, 24th Aug..
1812;: Thomas Kearney, 1st lieut. 6th July, 1812,
captain brev. 13th May, 1813; Lewis Yan'cey, 1st
lieut. 24th March, 1814; George B. M'Claskey, se-
cond lieut. 1st May, 1814; John L. Elbert, second
lieut. 18th July, 1814.
For the 5th regiment Infantry. Wm. B. Adams,
1st lieut. 6th July, 1812J capt. brevet 13th May,
1813; Robert A. M'Cabe, second lie-.t. 31st Dec
1812, 1st lieut. brev. 1st May, 18M; (). Martin, se-
The president of the United States has directed
Hie following selection of officers, to {ill vacancies,
and to complete, as far as practicable, the organi-
zation of the army of the peace establishment
Foi the General Staff. Major J. N. Barker, as-
sist, adjt. gen. 8th April, 1814; major G. H. Mani-
ffault, assist, inspector-general, 9th Sept. 1814- S
Walsh, post surgeon, 9th Au-. 18!;}; German Scn-
ter, do. 9th July, 1814; B,Dclevcn,!iosnital surgeon's
matt-, 1814.
For the Ordnance Department. Joseph S. Nelson
1st lieut. 30th April, 1813, captain brevet 30th A-
pnl 1813; William S. Kadclift; Lit lieut. 3d Aug
For the 6th regiment Infantry. James V. Ball, ma-
jor, 16th Sept. 1812, lieut. col. brevet 18th Decem-
ber, 1812; Thomas Hamilton, captain, 21st Febru-
ary, 1814.
For the 7th regiment Infantry. Jacob Tipton, se-
cond lieut. 1st Jan. 1814, 1st lieut brev. 3d Novem-
ber, 1814.
For the ?).'•'• r<-gi.m^nt Infantry. James M'Keor;'
captain, 6lh .Inly, 1812; Robert Houston, 1st lieut
29th Marcli, I'M >; George Kennerly, second lieuf
17th May, 1>M1 !, 1st lieut. brev. 17th May, 1814.
For the /<',"<• r-giment. William Pearson, sxir-
geon's-mati', i'.h A=.jf. 1814
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— LAW CASE.
353
Promotions in the corps of Engineers.
Capt. Charles G ratio t, to be major, rank 9th Feb-
ruary, 1815.
1st lieut. £. de Russey, to be captain, rank 9th
Feb. 1815.
2d lieut. George Trescott, to be 1st lieut. rank
9th Feb. 1815
The officers above selected will forthwith repair
to the head-quarters of their several regiments,
viz:
The light artillery, Newport, U. I.
1st Infantry, Pasa Christiana, Louisiana.
2d Infantry, Sackett's Harbor, N. Y.
3d Infantry, Detroit, Michigan.
4th Infantry, Fort Hawkins, Georgia.
5th Infantiy, Detroit, Michigan.
6th Infantry, Plattsburg, N. Y.
7th Infantry, Fort Hawkins, Georgia.
8th Infantry, St. Louis, Missouri territory.
Rifle regiment, St. Louis, Missouri territory.
Officers of the staff, engineers, ordnance, and the
corps of artillery, will be disposed of in separate
orders. Commanding officers will report the names
of all who do not forthwith repair to their stations.
The army is too small to tolerate idlers, and they
will be dismissed the service.
By order of 'the secretary of war,
D. PARKER, adj. and insp. gen.
Law Case,
U.yi)En TJBE BRITISH THEATT.
The master and wardens of the port of New- York ^
Philip Adridge. 5
JUSTICE WHEATOS'S OPINION.
This is an action brought to recover from the de
fendant, as master of the British brig Idas, which
entered at this port from Leghorn, and originally
sailed from the British territories in Europe, the
fees or charges allowed by a law of this state, "for
each and every survey on merchandize on board of
or imported in any ship or vessel, not owned in
whole or in part by a citizen or citizens of th-e
United States," being double the amount of the fees
or charges allowed for the same surveys on mer
chandize on board of or imported in vessels of the
United States.
The plaintiffs allege that this being a foreign
vessel, they are entitled to receive the sum of three
dollars for each survey of merchandize imported in
her, being double the amount payable by America)
vessels.
The defendant contends that under the commer
cial convention between the United States and
Great Britain of the 3d July, 1815, British vessels
and the merchandize imported in them, are placet
on the same footing with veseels of the United
States, in respect to duties and charges, and con
sequently that such vessels are no longer subject to
the general liability of foreign vessels to this or
any other discriminating duty or charge— Having
already paid the fees or charges required to be
paid by foreign vessels only, on entry and rspor
at the office -of the beard of wardens, (Act 36
Sess. c. CCXCVI,) the defendant now pays intc
court the further sum necessary to make up the
amount due for the three survey's, (Act 36, Sess. c
CLXXXIII,) supposing him not to be liable to dou
ble charges.
The words of the convention which affect thi
case are to be found in the following clauses of th
second article.
"No higher or other duties or charges shall b«
imposed ip any of the ports of the United State
n British vessels, than those payable in the same
orts by vessels of the United States; nor in the ports
f any of his Britannic majesty's territories in Eu-
ope on the vessels of the United States than shall
i payable in the same ports on British vessels.
"The same duties shall be paid on the importation
ito the United States of any articles the growth,
reduce or manufacture of his Britannic majesties
erritories of Europe, whether such importation
hall be in vessels of the United States or in Bri
ish vessels; and tl*e same duties shall be paid on
iie importations into ports of any of his Britannic
majesty's territories in Europe of any articles the
growth, produce or manufacture of the United
tates."
This reciprocation extends only to the trade be-
ween the United States and the European domi-
ions of Great Britain; for the trade to British In-
ia is conceded under certain limitations, and the
ntercourse between the British possessions in the
Vest Indies and North America is left unaffected
>y the convention, which declares that "each party
hall remain in the complete possession of its rights
with respect to such intercourse."
The first question that presents itself in this
ause is, whether, supposing the charges or fees for
r'hich the present suit is brought to be among the
duties equalized by the convention of commerce,
he ratification of that treaty has the effect of abro-
gating so much of the laws of the respective states
is stands in the way of its several provisions?
On this question there can be no doubt. — Trea-
ies form the conventional law of nations between
.he parties to them and are paramount to any mu-
nicipal law whatsoever.— The municipal constitu-
tion of every particular country inaj> indeed pre-
scribe the mode in which they shall be concluded
and ratified— But when this is done, they become
obligatory on the respective parties, not only on the
government of each nation, but on all its officers,
courts of justice, and ci'izoas or subjects. To
his obligation, derived f/om the principles of pub-
ic law, is super-added that of our own national com
stitution, which declares that "this constitution
md the laws of the United States, which shall be
-nade in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made,
or which shall be made under the authority of the
United States, shall be the supreme law of the land,
and the judges iti every state shall be bound there-
by, any thing in the constitution or laws of any state
to the contrary notwithstanding.** Art. 6 sec. 2—
To enforce this obligation, the judicial officers oP
each state are to be bound by oath to support this
constitution. Sec. 3. Whether therefore the act of
congress for carrying into effect the convention
was a work of supererogation, or not, it is unne-
cessary for us to enquire; since that act is a mere;
transcript of the convention, and both treaties made
under the authority of the United States and the
acts of congress made in pursuance of the consti-
tution, are the supreme law of the land, to which,
we owe a paramount obedience, any tiling in the
constitution or laws of this state to the contrary
notwithstanding. If therefore the acts of the legisla-
ture, under which the fees or charges sued for arc
payable, stand in the way of and contravene the
convention, they are to be considered as abrogated
and repealed so far as it extends.
This brings us to consider the question whether
that convention extends to the present case. The
provision in the 2d article, that "no higher or other
duties or charges shall be imposed in any of the
ports of the United States on British vessels than
tho1*** payable in the same ports by vessels of tiie
354 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 1816.
United States" is general and unqualified; and there-
fore can only he restrained and limited by the spi-
rit and object of the convention, or by its letter. —
Us spirit and object was to establish an entire li
herty and reciprocity of commerce and navigation
between the United" States and Oeat Britain, ex-
cepting the East and West Indian and North Ame
rican dominions of his Britannic majesty. Its let-
ter is in conformity with that spirit and object, and
imports no other exceptions to this general liberty
rind reciprocity. The case of the- vessel now under
consideration 'does not fall within these exceptions,
rind must consequently be embraced in the general
provision of the first clause in the 2nd article, unless
that provision be narrowed so as to restrain and li-
mit it to the direct trade between the United States
and the British territories in Europe.
But such a construction would be contrary to
every sound rule of interpretation. It would enlarge
and extend by implication the exceptions expressed
by the parties. Jt would imply that the acute and
able negotiators of this treaty had left an ambiguous
middle ground between the navigation and trade
which was made free and reciprocal, and that which
was limited and restrained; on which ground the
two nations would find an ample field for contention.
Such a supposition cannot be for a moment ad-
mit" cd. The reciprocity of the treaty extends to
all NAVIGATION entering the ports of each coun-
try, except to and from the: West-Indian and North
American dominions of Great-Britain; and to all
TIJAUJK between the United States and the British
territories in Europe, whether that trade be direct
or indirect.
We say whether tJiat trade be direct or indirect; not
meaning, however, that it extends to an indirect
voyage from the British territories in Europe,
v-ith a cargo, the produce or manufacture of some
JnterRiediate country. The reciprocity does extend
to the duties or charges, on the ship in such a voyage,
but not to the duties on the charges on the cargo.
It extends to those of the ship because there is
nothing in the letter or spirit of the treaty to
control tiie generality of the expressions in the
iirst clause of the second article by which British
vessels are to be subject to charges no higher or
other duties or charges than American vessels in the
ports of the United States, except the reservation
:is to the colonial dominions of Great Britain, The
voyage of this vessel is n'ot embraced by that
reservation. It is a voyage from London to the
United States by the way of Leghorn, with a cargo,
the produce of ftaly. The reciprocity does not ex-
tend to the careen, "because the importation of such
a cargo is not a trade between the European terri-
tories of Great Britain and the United States, either
direct or indirect.
The only remaining question, therefore, is whether
"the fees demanded in the present suit be charges on
the vessel or on the importation of the cargo; and
there can be no doubt the fees payable on the entry
and report at the office of- the board of wardens is
exclusively a charge on the vessel. Being a charge
on foreign vessels'only, which vessels of t'lie United
States do not pay, British vessels coming from any
other places thun the colonial possessions of Great
Britain must be exempted from it, in order to place
tbem on the same footing with American vessels,
urn! to fuHiJ. the obligations of the treaty. That
the fees for surveys in the present case are a charge
upon the vessel is evident, from the circumstances
of the master being sued for them. They must
therefore have been made at hi.s request; and as
they are doubled upon foreign vessels, not on Ac-
count of any superior merit or value in the services
rendered, but because they are foreign vessels,
under the circumstances above mentioned, must be
held liable to pay only the same charges with Ame-
rican vessels for surveys mdde at the request of the
master, and for the purpose of ascertaining the
condition of the cargo in reference to his contract,
with the freighters.
It has been suggested that tlm is a more liberal
construction than the treaty has received in Great
Britain, where it is said to have been determined
that these small charges or fees levied for mere
municipal and local purposes, are not within the
provisions of the treaty. But supposing this to be
the fact, we are to presume that these misconceived
decisions of inferior British tribunals will be cor-
rected by the superior courts; and even if they were
confirmed by the highest tribunal in that country,
it would form no ground for retaliation by the courts
of justice in this. It is for the executive govern-
ment alone in both countries to require diplomatical-
ly the due execution of the treaty, and if justice is
refused in re minime dubia by the tribunal of the
last '-esort in the other country, and the wrong thus
done is adopted by its government, to determine
whether redress shall be sought by retaliation or war,
Upon the whole we are clearly of opinion that
this vessel is liable to no higher or other duties
and charges, of the nature of those now in question
than are payable in this port by vessels of the Unit-
ed States — consequently there must be judgment
for the defendant for his costs since the payment
of the money into court.
ftjf>BIUTISU PRACTICE UNDER TIIE TUEATT.
In stating the following, the editor of the REGIS-
TEH has no wish to be supposed as impeaching the
British for a want of good faith in the observance
of the provisions of the commercial convention
concluded on the 3d of July, 1814, between the
United States and Great-Britain — the occurrence,
nore probably, was owing to a want of information
on the subject; and we hope will not be persisted,
'n. But the matter is interesting.
With reference to the preceding judgment, one
of the editor's friends, among the most intelligent
and respectable ship-masters of Philadelphia, com-
municated these facts: That he had very recently
arrived at Philadelphia from Ireland, with pa--
engers. By the laws of Great-Britain, British ships
are allowed to carry one person for every two tons
of their burthen; but foreign [American] ships are
not permitted to bring away more than one person
(including the crew, or children) for everj-./fcv? tons.
Hence it was, that while a British ship might make
a good voyage by the passenger-trade, an American
ship would lose money, though sailed with equal
economy. That he and others had sent up a remon-
strance to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland, chiiminp;
under the convention the equality which it provides
for: WHO replied, through his proper officer, that he
saw nothing in the convention to do away an act of
the British parliament, and that the act in that case
would be enforced.
QJF It is possible tin's may have occurred before
the late proceedings in parliament respecting this
convention. But, if the lord -lieutenant decided cor-
rectly, we must believe that the treaty -making pwiver
is not so extensive in En eland as is contended for
by some in the United States.
Law Intelligence.
Paris, March 25.— The affair of Messrs. Bruce,
Htitchinson ard Wilc?n, will be definitely triad
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-NAVAL COURT MARTJAL. 355
^e-xt rhonth. It is thought that the cause will be
•brought before the jury early in the month.
Several questions of law having been proposed
by M. Dupin, the defender of sir Robert Wilson,
and Messrs. Bruce and Hutchinson, they have been
officially transmitted to London, and answered by
three English lawyers in the following letter ad-
dressed to lord Castlereagh :
"Mr LOUD, — We have had the honor of receiving
the orders of your lordship by a letter from Mr.
Hamilton, dated the 7th, transmitting to us several
papers from sir Charles Stuart, his majesty's am-
bassador at the court of France, relative to the
course of proceeding which it is proposed to adopt
against sir Ropert Wilson, Messrs. Bruce and
Hutchinson, and to which our attention is chiefly
called with relation to the questions which conclude
the statement of M. Dupin. Your lordship calls
upon us to furnish the official statement required
in an answer to these questions. Eager to obey
your lord ship's orders, we have the honor of ob
serving, that when a foreigner is accused of a crime
or offence against the law of England, he is tried
according to the rules of that law — his guilt or inno-
cence is established according to the established
mstxims of the English law.
"With respect to the right of being tried by a
jury, composed partly of English and partly of
foreigners, this right is secured to the accused by
the statute 20th Edward III. chap. 13, and formally
z-ccognized by the statute 8th Henry VI. chap. 29.
"When a foreigner under accusation is called up-
on to defend himself against the charges brought
against him, he lias the right of demanding that the
jury by whom he is to be tried shall be composed
half of foreigners, and half of English subj ects . It
is not necessary that the foreigners should be of
the same country with the accused; if however,
sufficient number of the same country are to be
found within the bailiwick, or officer charged wKh
returning the jury pannel, they are always chosen
in preference. If it should happen that "there are
not a sufficient number of foreigners of the same
country with the accused, the number may be com-
pleted by means of English subjects.
"It is the sheriff, or the officer whose duty it is
to return the jury pannels, who also returns the list
of foreign jurors, and he ought to take care to select
twelve of every description, in order that six of eacl
twelve may be chosen by ballot to serve oil juries
hey are translated by an interpreter who is swor
o interpret and translate fairly and truly.
"We believe we have answered all the questions
vhich have been proposed to us in the name of si;-
JOBERT Wir.sox, Messrs. .P,HI:CK and Hi-rcinNsnv;
nd we have the honor, &c.
(Signed) CHHIST. UOBTXSOX.
W.GAUUOW,
S. SHEPHERD.
Lord Vigcount Castlertagh.
New Map of the United States.
The indefatigable Air. .T/W///.y// is about to furm.il;
is with anew and very interesting map of the United
States and their territories, with theadjacont Hntish.
md Spanish possessions — Its length is about 5 few
> inches by 3 feet 2 inches. It takes in the West
India Islands and the coast of the Pacific ocean, and
s very minute in its details of all the foreign pro-
duces touching our borders. The best authorities
ippear to have been consulted for drawing this map,
ind great expence incut-red to make it as perfect as
possible. A proof impression of the work was shewn
o the editor a few days ago, when there happened
to be in his office an accomplished gentleman, who
tad travelled much in the western country. He
mentioned a number of important errors \vhictl he
lad discovered in the old maps, that he was happy
to observe did not exist in this. We think we may
venture to recommend Mr. Mellish's map to the
patronage of our friends in the most unqualified
manner. The price of it, accompanied by a statis-
tical account of the United States, &c. is only ten
dollars, neatly mounted on rollers or put up in a
portable form, as required by subscribers-. ;
Naval Court Martial.
A naval court martial, consisting of five post-cap-
tains, was recently held, by order of the secretary
of the navy, at Philadelphia, on board the United
States' ship Franklin,for the trial of Herman Thorn,
esq. a purser in the navy, upon a complaint by coin.
Stephen Decatur, the commander of the U. States'
late squadron in the Mediterranean, "for violating
the 2od article of the act of congress, entitled ':iu
act for the better government of the navy of the U.
It is not necessary that the foreign juryman should states,' passed the 23d April, 1800;" which ui-'
have the same qualification with regard to property ;s jn tne following words, viz.
as the English juryman. This is provided for by
the statute of" Henry VI. to which we have alluded.
"If a foreigner and an Englishman are included
in the same indictment and the foreigner demands
a jury of half aliens, the persons accused may be
tried separately, in order to secure to the foreigner
the advantage of a jury of half aliens, and to the
Englishman that of an English jury.
"Such is the general principle established by the
statute of which mention has been made. The
statutes, however, of 1st Philip and Mary, chap. 10,
which enacts that all proceedings in treason should
be prosecuted according to the common law, has
repealed the statute of 28th Edward III. and taken
away this privilege of a jury half aliens, in cases -of
j'igh treason. It is so stated in lord Hale's Pleas
of the Crown, vol. 2, page 271, and in the cases
there cited.
"In all the proceedings which take place in Eng-
land, whatever may be their nature, if letters or
Mm pnperp in a foreign language a^e produced,
"If any commander, or other officer, shall receive,
r.r permit to be received, on boar.d his vessel, any
goods or merchandize, other than for the sole use .'»{'
bis vessel, except gold, silver or jewels, and except
the goods and merchandize of vessels which may be
in distress or shipwrecked, or in imminent danger of
being shipwrecked, in order to preserve them for
their owner, without orders from the president of
the United States or clienavy department, he shall,
on conviction thereof, be cashiered, and be incapa-
citated forever afterwards for any place or ofHc.c in
the navy."
Upon \vidch the court pronounced the said purser
Thorn "not guilty of selling, and guilty of attempt-
ing to sell, and of authorising- to be sold," and ".sen-
tenced the accused to be reprimanded by the secre.
tary of the navy."
The sentence of the court after mature conside-
ration, having been rcg:ilarly approved, the follow-
ing1 letter of reprimand was uddre«s?i ty said -i •.••
man Thorn;
356 XILES* WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JUKE 15, 1816
XAVT DEPAHT.MEKT, May 9, 1816.
Herman Thorn, esq.
Purser U. S. nary, JV'w York,
SiH—ln the course of my official functions, un-
pleasant duties inevitably occur; among these is the
task of reprimanding prffccew of xhc United States'
navy for misconduct, and carrying into execution
the "decisions of courts martial", affecting the cha-
racter of officers, who, by their grade and respon-
sible stations, otig-lit to be peculiarly exempt from
charges of violating the established rules and regu-
lations of the naval service, enacted by the high i.u-
tority of our national legislature. The court lately
convened for your trial ^as of the most honorable
character, composed of the highest grade of officers
la the navy; their impartiality, candor and deliber
ate decisio.i, have sanctioned the correctness of the
charges' against you, so far as UK intention of violat-
ing the law; and of this offence, highly derogatory in
its nature to ;i,e reputation of our navy, they have
pronounced the mild sentence of an official repri
maml from the secretary of the navy, as the orgai
of the president of the United States.
It is my incumbent duty to censure your conduct
in the transaction alluded to, and to warn you agains'
a recurrence to any similar attempt, by which you
will forfeit the commission you hold, and be, at the
.same time, publicly degraded. You will now con-
sider yourself subject to the orders of this depart-
ment far duty; and I trust, in the future exercise oj
your prudence and discretion, you may avoid re-
proach, and merit the approbation of your govern-
ment.
B. W. CROWXINSIIIELD.
From the J\"w'York Evening Post— addressed to the
editor.
Sin — You arc requested to correct an error in the
article inserted in your paper fiom the National
Intelligencer of June 5. The trial of Mr. Thorn
topk place, not on the complaint of commodore
TJecatur, but at his own request, and after rvpeuted
solicitations. It occurred too during the absence
of ca'pt. Cordon, his comvnander, in the Mediter-
ranean, and most of those whose evidence could
have exculpated him, while all the testimony that
could be brought to bear against his character was
admitted: The weight that ought to be attached
to the reprimand of the lion. Secretary of the navy,
(independently of the respect due his individual
worLli) will be determined by its conformity to a
decision in which Air. Thorn is found specifically
guiltless of any conduct unbecoming1 an officer,
while he is simply found to have attempted a sale
which was proved on the trial to have been done
without any improper design, and which lie never
denied,
"The Seven Churches."
Our readers/ will, no doubt, peruse with lively
interest, the following letter in relation to tlic pre-
sent state of.ihe Seven Church^;; of Asia, mentioned in
the first three chapters of the Revelation of St. John.
BUlTISIl AM) FWUJ.1GN niRLK SOC1KTY.
Extract of a letter from the reverend //. Lindtxnj,
' chaplain to the embassy of Constantinople, relative
to the present ftate of the ^Ipocafyptic chinches.
Constantinople, January 10, 18Z6.
When I last wrote you, I was on the point, of
setting out on a short excursion into Asia Minor;
travelling hastily, as I was constrained to do, from
the circumstance of my situation., the information I
could procure was necessarily superficial and unsa-
tisfactory; as however, I distributed the few books
of the society which I was able to carry with rrr-i
I think it necessary to give some account nj' Hi
course I took. The regular intercourse of England
with Smyrna, will enable you to procure as uccuiutf
intelligence of its present state as I can pretend to
offer.
From the conversation I had with the Greek
bishop and the clergy, as well as various well in-
formed individuals, 1 am led to suppose, that, if the
population of Smyrna be estimated at 140,000 in-
habitants, there are from 15 to ij:j,000 Greeks, 6,000
Armenians, 5,000 Catholics, 140 Protestants, und
11,000 Jews.
After Smyrna, the first place I visited w:t : Ephc-
sus, or rather (as the site is not quite the t;ame)
Aiasalick, which consists of about 15 poo;- cottages
I found there but three Christians, two brothers
who keep a small shop, and a gardener. They arc-
all three Greeks, and their ignorance is lamentable
ideed. In that place, which was blessed so ]ov,g
with an. apostle's labors, and those of his zealotw
assistants, are Christians who have not so much
as hcurd of that apoutle, or seem only to recognize
the name of Paul as one in the calendar of their
..aims. One of them I found able to read a little, and
left with him the New Testament in ancient an.!
modern Greek, which he expressed a stronf desire
to read, a '
it himself,
boring- villages. My next object was to see Laddi-
ceii ; in the road to this, is Guzel-hisar, a large
town, with one church and about 700 Christians. 4
, and promised me he would not only study
lf, but lend it to his friends and the neicr''-
In conversing with the priests here, I found them
so little acquainted with the Bible, or even the Ne'vv
Testament, in an entire form, that they "had no dis-
tinct knowledge of the books it contained; beyond
the four gospels, but mentioned them indiscrimi-
nately with various idle legends and lives of saints.
have sent thither three copies of the modern
Greek Testament since my return. About three
miles -from Laodicea, is Deniz'H, which has been
stiled, but 1 am inclined to think erroneously, the
Ancient Colosse: it is a considerable town,' with
about 400 Christians, Greeks and Armenians, each
of whom lias a church. I regret,' however, to s;iy,
that here also the most extravagant tales of mira-
cles, and fabulous accounts of angels, saints' 'and re-
ics, had so usurped the place of the scriptures, ;ts
to render it very difficult to separate, in their minds,
:livine truths from human inventions. I felt that,
icre that unhappy time was come, when men should
*turn away their ears from the truth, and be turned
unto fables.'
I had with me some copies of the gospels in an-
cient Greek, which I distributed here! as in soirii.
other places through which I had passed. Eski-hi-
say, close to which are the remains of 'ancient Lao-
licea, contains about fifty poor inhabitants, in which
number are but two Christians, who live together
in a small mill; unhappilv, 'neither could read at
all; the copy, therefore, of th'e New Testament,
which I intended for this church, I left with that
of Denizili, the offspring and poor remains of Lat)-
dicea and Colosse; the prayers of the- Mosque are
the only prayers which are" heard near the ruins of
Laodicea, on which the threat seems to have been
fully executed, in its utter rejection as a church.
1 left it for Philadelphia., now Alah-shehr. It WH-.
gratifying to find at last some surviving fruits ot
early zeal; and here, at least, whatever may be lost
of the spirit of Christianity, there is still the. form
of a Christian church — tin;; has been kept from the
hour of temptation, which came upon all the Chris-
tian world. There are here about 1,000 Christians
NLLSS' WEEKLY REGISTER-NEW- YORK ELECTION. 357
*liiefl>oreek W]i0j for the most part, speak onlyj
Turkish; here are twenty-five places of public wor-
New- York Election.
ABSTHACTEP FROM THE OFFICIAL
------- * . A031W.
ship, five 01 which are large regular churches; to ™vernor, lieut. governor and senate, are en
these there is , TCS-Kient bishop, with twenty mfe- j Snuhlifiil
riot- clergy. A ,opy of the modern Greek Testa- l) .__•_._ ^nn_
;>ient was received <v the bishop with great thank-
fulness.
I quitted Alah-shehr, deeply disappointed at the
The house of representatives, consists of 90 re-
publicans and 36 federalists.
The representation to the next congress is con.
statement I received there o? the church of Sardis.
VOTES FOR GOVKH?* OK.
] trusted that in its utmost triaVa, it would not have
'V.-en suffered to perisli utterly, nml 1 heard with
Southern JHstrict. Middle District.
surprise, that not a vestige of it reiivuncd. \Vith
what satisfaction, then, did I find on the plains of
? |
^ *
?!
^ ^a
3-«c
Surdis, a small church establishment: the few Chris-
•i. s
$%
COU3TTIKS.
"I: £'
°* ?/
tians who dwell around modern Sart, were anxious
COUNTIES. ^ ct
Oj
£•*
to settle tfiere, and erect a church, as they were in
? t
§ b
the ht-ibit or meeting at each other s nouses tor tlie
•xerci.sc of religion; from this design they were
Orange,
L 625
Suffolk,
1457
38'J
prohibited by Kar Osman Oglu, the Turkish gover-
Delaware, 102'
' 612
Kings,
329
292
7ior of the district, and, in consequence, about five
Schoharie, 103
3 714
Queens,
523
89 :/
-.cars ago', they built a church upon the plain, with-
Greene, 62(
} 777
VVestchester
98S
1015
la view' of ancient Sardis, and there they maintain
Columbia, 128
) 1561
Putnam,
58C
217
a priest. The place has gradually risen into A lit-
tle village now called Tartar-keny; thither the few
Otsego, 190
Ulster, 107
31770
2 921
Ttockland,
New-York,
42£
186]
30
1926
Christians of Sart, who amount to 7, and those of
Sullivan,
1 2C7
Duchess,
147:
1821
its immediate vicinity, resort for public worship,
Albany, 98
31773
Richmond,
25C
206
and form together a congregation of about forty.
Chenango, 124
7 777
There appesrs, then, still a remnant, "a few names,
^
788fc
6783
even in Sardis," which have been preserved. I can-
1124
19739
not repeat the expressions of gratitude with which
they received a copy of the New Testament, in a
Western District. Eastern JJistrict.
language with which" they were familiar. Several
HS
£15=
£5 ^
^S:
crowded about the priest, to hear it on the spot; and
2 o
41 S
c|>
il
c,~'%
I left them thus engaged. Ak-hisar, the ancient
COUNTIES.
£*
£
COUNTIES.
^1
Thyatira, is said to contain about 30,000 inhabi-
§' ^
?' <••
tants, of whom 3000 are Christians, all Greeks, ex-
^ •*"
cept about 200 Armenians. There is, however, but
one Greek church, and one Armenian. The supe-
Gennesee
Cortland
1877
703
878
408
Montgomery
Franklin
1866
93
1777
151
riorof the Greek church, to whom I presented the
Madison
1137
1232 Clinton
384
227
Jlomaic Testament, esteemed it so great a treasure
that he earnestly pressed me, if possible, to spare
another, that one might be secured to the churck,
and free from accidents, while the other went round
Chautauque
Tioga
Oneida
Seneca
420
468
1893
1141
323
192
2327
443
Saratoga
llenssalxr
Schencctadv
lefferson
1470
1402
548
908
1140
1882
447
858
among the people for their private reading. I have,
therefore, since my return hither, sent him four co-
Cayuga
Steuben
2117
372
87S
266
Warren
Washington
483
1613
237
1787
pies.
Allegany
227
164
St. Lawrence
421
590
The church of Pergamos, in respect to numbers,
may be said to flourish still in Bergamo. The town
is less than Ak-hisar,|but the number of Christians
,js, about as great, the proportion of Armenians to
Ontario
liroome
Niagara
Onondaga
2530
549
493
1543
2505
512
261
1178
Essex
llerkimer
Lewis,
522
1072
326
\ 1 1 f )9
344
903
22^:
10/1^ '
Greeks nearly the same, and each nation also has
L 1. 1 *J,J
lUUi '
one church. "The bishop of the district, who occa-
15175
11654
- '
sionally resides there, was ft.t that time absent, and
KECAPJTULATION
I experienced with deep regret, that the resident
.clergv were totally incapable of estimating the gift
I intended them; I therefore delivered the Testa-
(iOVEKXOH. LIEUT. GO VF.IlSOll
ToMpJpiup, King. Taylor. Tibbit:
Southern District 7888 678$ 7868 675;?
ment to the Lay Vicar of the bishop, at his urgent
request, he having assured me, that the bishop
would highly prize so valuable an acquisition to the
Middle do. 11241 8739 11205 9733
Eastern do. 11108 10471 11099 1040.
Western do. 15175 11654 15184 11627
church; he seemed much pleased that the benight-
Total 45412 38647 45356 3851.1
strangers.
Thus, sir. I have left, at least one copy of the un-
adulterated word of God, at each of the seven Asi-
atic churches of tive Apocalypse, and I trust they
are not utterly thrown away: but whoever may
plant, it is God only who can give the increase, and
from his goodness, we may hope they will, in due
time, bring forth fruit, "some thirty, some sixty,
and some a hundred fold!"
Believe me, sir, ever your's most truly,
HKNRY LINDSAY.
The votes for senators, nearly the same.
JIEMHERS OF CONGRESS.
1st. DIST.] George Tredtvell Saimiel JVathamr?
Toitmscnd.
Scudder:
JoneSyjr.
Smith.
Suffolk, 1583
1568
365
44-2
Queens, 708
708
1117
1116
Kings, 521
522
447
448
lst& 2d wards? -__
of New- York, 5 J
652
965
964
Richmond, 331
331
297
29:
nrlS
3781
3191
326?
358 BILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 1816.
2d DIST.] William Peter 11. Josiah O. Isna
Ining. Wendaver. Huffman. M. Ely
New-York,! 5225 5199 3792
jftxcept the first and second .wards.
377
3d DIST.]
ftockland,
Westchester,
Caleb Tompkins. AbraJiam Odell
445
1342
1787
29
1318
1347
4th DIST.] Henry B. Lee. Henry A. Livingston.
Putman,
Dutch ess, except the"
towns of Itcdhook,
•Rhinebeck & Clinton
328
1943
2271
5th Di5T.] Jame* I. Van Altn. Philip I. Schuyler.
Columbia,
1756
Rhinebeck and Clinton C. 452
in Dutchess county, j)
2203
2370
783
3156
James Hurt.
1297
John Sudani.
1392
311
1703
8th DIST.] Dorrance Kirtland. Sam'l Sherwood
€!reene,§ : : : 893 1013
Delaware, 1359 739
6th DIST.]
.Orange count}-,
7th DIST.]
Ulster :
Sullivan :
James W. Wilkin.
: 1613
Josiah Hasbrouck.
1374
: : 452
2252
1752
9th DIST.] Jlensselxr FJisha John
Westerlo. Jenkins. Lvvett.
Albany county, : 2180 1418 277
10th DIST.] John P. Cushman. Thos. Turner.
Jtensselxr county, : 2573 2107
untario, :
Allegany,
Jenesee,
Niagara,
>hautauqu
llth DIST.] John W. Taylor. Elisha Potvell
Saratoga county, : 1804 1574
12th DIST.] John John Zebnlon 7?. Henry H.
Savage. Palmer. Shipherd. Jtoss.
Washington, 2181 2279 2512 2537
Warren, 756 770 361 360
Clinton, 613 620 407 408
Franklin, 192 193 296 297
Essex, 855 858 405 504
Stateme
1 district,
jress, occ
Jorter, esc
Ontario,
Allegany,
jenesce,
\iagara,
Chautauqu
13th DIST.]
Schenectady,
Schoharic,
4597 4715 4071 4106
Thomas Lawyer. Wm. Jieekman.
: : 792 719
: : : 1353 1041
2145
1760
14th DisiT.] John Herkimer.
Montgomery county, 2579
15th DIST.] Isaac John Tt.
Williams. J)rake.
Otsego, 2732 2735
Chenango, 1609 1509
JJi'oome, 686 675
Jiichd. Van Horn.
2495
James Jamci
Hyde. Clapp.
2667 2674
1007 1002
742 741
/Ulfi 4.4.1 i
American Antiquities.
It has long been a subject of dotrbt, when, by
vham, and for what purpose, the mounds so com-
mon in different parts of our country, were made.
Most people have supposed they were erected l«y
he Indians, and designed by them as receptacles
§The town of Greenville rejected, the transcript
nnl li.ivinn- hrrn rrrtifirr] hv <h£ countv clerk*
16th DIST.] Henry H. Storrs. J\'a
Oneida county,
17th DIST.J
Madison,
Herkimer,
18th DIST.]
Tefferson, :
~-.ewis,
St. Lawrence,
19th DIST.]
Cortland,
Onondaga,
2S18
Thomas H. Hubbr d- Simeon Ford.
: : iSgp 1550
•u-27 1389
3125
2939
Ela Collins. David J. Ogdey.
1394
: 473
: 482
2349
James Porter.
: 394
: 1895
2789
1318
333
732
2383
James Geddes.
622
1623
2244
20th DISTRICT.
^£3
tl
3*2
5 3
</§ s.
(^ <t
;oc
II
||
5^C5
rs
i '
£•»
|S
108
598
706
Cayuga : :
Seneca :
Tiog-a : :
Steuben : i
323
5
342
600
2317
1681
926
937
6361
2514
1704
581
339
5138
1051
649
293
602
1029
626
159
1814
1270
2595
21st DlSTHICT.
Ji 3
f|
O^
4|
H
Ontario, : : :
Allegany, : : :
Jenesee, : :
Niagara, : : :
Chautauque, : :
4511
329
2474
984
465
4293
319
2389
686
356
3747
210
1393
440
362
3751
228
1295
448
349
159
101
295
114
669
8763
8053
6152
6071
Statement of votes given in the 21st congression-
1 district, to supply the vacancy in the 14th con-
gress, occasioned by the resignation of Peter B.
Archibalds. Clarke. Daniel W. Lewis.
-. : 4501 3837
: : 322 . 217
: : : 2508 1328
: : 974 440
433
349
8788 6171
The federalists elected, are— P. I. Schuyler in the
th district; R. Westerlo, in the 9th district; T. P.
Inshman, in the 10th district; H. Storrs, in the 16th
istrict; and D. A. Ogden, in the 18th district.
(Xj^Governor Tompkins' majority at the last elcc-
an (in 1813) was 3606; — present majority 6765.
JULES' WEEKLY REGISTER— FOREIGN ARTICLES.
359
for their dead. Mr. Jefferson, who favors this idea,
gives an account of the opening of one in Virginia,
which contained an immense number of bones^that
appeared to have been deposited at different periods,
the lower strata being much more decayed than the
tipper. Softie have 'considered them the remains
of a civilized people, who have wasted away and
become extinct. Others, with more plausibility,
believe they were erected, like pyramids in Egypt,
to gratify some haughty tyrant, or to commemorate
important events. Whatever may have been their
origin, it is doubtless very ancient, the growth upon
them, in many instances, being uncommonly large.
The opinion of colonel Hawkins, (which we extract
from his manuscript sketch of the Creek Nation,)
as to the people by whom they were made and their
object in erecting them, if not the right one, is as
probable as any that has been advanced.— He says,
"they were intended as places of refuge during
freshes, the Indians being formerly in the habit of
seuli'ig on rich flats bordering streams subject to
inundation— for instance, the Mississippi, which
river *pre ids out on the west side a great distance,
where .it is likeiy the creation of those mounds
omitted. Such is the tradition among the Crocks,
who ci-.nc: oii^n.uly from beyond the Mississippi.
But v.hy erect their, in high places, incontestibly
beyond "the reach of floods ?— From a superstitious
veneration for undent customs."— Georgia Journal.
Foreign Articles.
Prices of cotton, London, April 16 — Sea-Island,
2s. 7d.; boweds, 20d. to 20$.
At Liverpool, April 13— bowed, 20 to 21d; New-
s, 20A to 24d; Sea-Islands, 2s. 8d. to 3s.
'1'obacco at London, 13d. Virg.; rice 26s. in bond
Gold i« at par with bank notes in England, owing
•to the scarcity of the latter.
Roger '/wcoshas been killed on his way to Aus-
tria— said to be by the overturning of his carriage
A great many accidents have lately happened to dis
tinguished Frenchmen!
It is said that Fouche is about to write the me-
moirs of his own iife.
The pi ague still existed at Smyrna on the 13th o
.January. Its continuance was supposed to be ow
jng to the mild weather.
The empress- of Austria is dead. She was in the
29th year of her age. She died at Verona on the
7th of April.
Lord Byron, the poet, has separated from his wife
lie was but lately married.
The Nortli Star, of 20 guns, arrived at Plymouth
Kng. about the 15th of April, from Jamaica am
Havanna, with 1,131,000 dollars — the greater par
on account of government.
Great quantities of "deteriorated silver coin" ha?
reached England from France, by which the lattc
gains 20 or 30 per cent, as stated in parliament. —
This sort of money had been "cried down" at som<
places.
Stocks— London, April 13. 3 per cent. red. 59-*
5-8; 3 percent, con. 61-], ^; 4 per cent. con. 74 3-8
Omnium 16 3-8, 1-2.
Much anxiety has been felt in Europe to know
the object of a heavy squadron of British ships, un
der admiral Kxmouth, in the Mediterranean. Hi:
force consists of six 74's, with a number of frigate:
und some smaller vessels. An opinion prevails tha
he is destined to negotiate with the Algerines am'
other Barbary powers, on certain subjects agreec
upon by the comrress of YjVir.n — such as lint thev
hould hereafter regulate themselves in their wars
y the rules of civilized nations, und give up th«»
itisiness of making slaves of their prisoners. So
arso good — but we hardly expect that the report,
s true. England must have been strongly urged,
ndeed, to be made the agent of such severe nu-a-
ures against her dear allies: who have also been
o useful to her in aiding her to monopolize the
ommerce of the Mediterranean sea. Perh.ip?, the
umbling that America, under the gallant Heritor,
ave these pirates, may have roused the pride of
lumbering Europe, and have provoked an exertion
o wipe off the shame that has so long rested upon
he whole continent for its dastardly submission to
hose insignificant barbarians. Be the result as k
may, it is the glory of our country to have first dic-
ated a peace, without tribute in any shape \vhatso-
ver, to them.
BRITISH SK.VMEV. The following is an extract
rom a hand-bill published at Liverpool forthepur-
>ose of giving relief to distressed seamen —
"A number of the above unfortunate men, many
f whom have risked their lives in defence of our
country, are at present wandering about he town
nthe most deplorable state of distress; being ab-
solutely destitute of food and lodging, and nearly
so of clothing. Some of them have for several rree ks
'ain in the open air at the Harlington lime kilns; other*
have spent the nights under carts, boats, &c. ~vhi,'e not
a few liave taken refuge in a cavern in the stone ouar*
y near St. James' IValk, lying upon the cold roc/%
without any covert tiff hitt their welched clothing! —
They have hitherto existed by the precarious nul of
casual charity, chief y fosfoief'd by persons in Immbh*
'ife, who have witnessed their miserable condition/*
Fnr.xcH CAKICATUHKF. — Th windows of several
shops ia Baltimore have been sett off by many re-
cently imported caricatures from France, sornc of
hem rivalling the most ludicrous English produc-
tions of the kind. We have noticed the follo'.vjng:
1. '^Entrltsk Liberty of the PRESS" — representing u,
gang of sailors, with most uncouth and terrible
countenances, knocking down and seizing upon af-
frighted citizens, and forcing them, in the roughest
manner possible, on board a ship.
2. "English amusements in Jsjndoji" — the princi*
pal figure in this, is a very fat man, with avr.cav.t
countenance, having a pipe in one hand und a pitch-
er of foaming porter at his elbow, laughing hearti-
ly at the scenes around him — which exhibit one
man hanging by a rope, another firing a pistol into
his own mouth, and a third nim-My jumping from a
bridge to drown himself in the water below.
3. "English amusements in Paris." The fat man
is here again introduced, with a roasted turkey in
his hands, which he is most greedily devouring,
without the use of knife or fork — about him are a
number of women with long, lank necks and lean
faces, and otherwise miscrahlr pourtrnyed, with the
their laps and hands filled \vith fruit, which they
are cramming down their throats with all possible
expedition.
BRITISH rAiucATrnr.. From the. Compiler. It is
entitled "The 1 \TKIIVIF.\V, or J/m- out of her teens"
—turns upon the high-life scenes, which are mnv
c-xhibiting for the amusement of poor .lohn Bull. —
The prince regent, his gouty foot, wrapped in flan-
nel, is pushing in with his crutch, his highness,
prince Leopold — "Courage, man! don't be bashful"
— the prince, in a ludicrous uniform, and with a
long sword, is addressing himself to his cara spofti
with these emphatic words: "Madam, 1 have no
money, but I am of the right breed, true German.
aivj blood royrd." Th"- princess Charlotte, like i
N1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 1816.
true hoyden, appears with a skipping rope, and thus dissent from this bill on the journals of the house.
.,««,«r»,.o h;c caintatJnn. "Ihful r.-ithoi- vou wereEiiQ-- It appeared that Napoleon Bonaparte had deliver-
ed himself up in a voluntary manner, about the end
of July last, and then we contracted with the three
allied powers to keep him in custody. Now, he
wished to know why we tied our hands by such a
treaty; if we had a right to detain him by the law
of nations, or the municipal law of this country,
why had the ministers granted to the allies such'a
treaty; which was onerous on us, and no way advan-
tageous to this country. Mis lordship moved that
the judges should attend, to state how the present
answers his salutation, "I had rather you were Kn
lish! but a German husband is better than none"
—while her grandmother, queen Charlotte of Eng-
land, is pushing her forwards, saying "go along,
scape-grace, speak kindly to him!" There is some
humor in this royal caricature.
JCavy Estimates. In the house of commons, on
the 10th April, on the vote for the half pay and su-
perannuation of tire navy, sir C Pole said "at no
former period had the country been called upon to
supei'annuate persons in the full vigor of life, as had
been done in these estimates. In the army esti-
mates he complained of the disproportion between
the pensions allowed to the widows and relations
of officers, as compared with similar pensions in
the navy estimates. lie instanced the case of the
widow of captain Harvey; she might complain that
she had a pension of 125/. allowed her, being 100
for herself and 25 fer her child, while the widow of
tyen. Ross hadQOO/. a year, and the brothers of gen.
Proctor 200J. a year each. These officers, it should
be recollected, had only the pay of lieut. cols. —
Passing to another instance, it appeared that the
\vidow of capt. sir Peter Parker, who fell while ac-
companying gen. Ross, had only 200/. a year allow-
ed her.'*
"RESTORATION."
laws of England would apply to a person in his p
culiar condition. The motion was overruled; bi
the lord chancellor consented to a revision of the
preamble. Adjourned.
April 9 — Upon the order of the day, for the com-
mitment of the bill for the more secure detention,
of Bonaparte, lord Holland repeated his objections
to the bill. As Bonaparte had surrendered to us,
he could not see by what right the allies were made
to participate in the transaction His lordship mov-
ed, that there be inserted in the bill a clause de-
clarative of the civil rights of Bonaparte, in order
to' entitle him to the equitable privilege of suing at
law any person who might otherwise take advan-
tage of the situation in which, by the bill, in its
Pan's April 7 — On the subject present state, he wpuldsUnd, should any occasion,
of the Lancastrian mode of education attempted to
be introduced into France, the Moniteur of the 4th
contains the following notice.
"By a letter of the 3d of February, the grand
almoner has acquainted the prefect of the Seine,
that having made known to the king the alarms of
the Catholics, on the plans of Bell and Lancaster,
his majesty had charged him to communicate the
same to the prefect, and at the same time to inform
him, that without wishing to decide on the new
method, his majesty was desirous, that it should
be laid down as a principle, both for establishments
already made, and future ones — 1. That the Catholic,
Apostolic, and Roman religion ahull lie taught in the
ne~M schools, to the exclusion of every other. 2. That
ezery teacher^ ivho does not profess the catiwlic faith,
shall be excluded from these schools. 2. That regula-
tions for these schools, shall be drawn up in concert
with the diocesan authority. 4. That the rectors
shall be authorized to visit the schools established
jn their parishes,. and take care that the catholic re-
ligion shall be there carefully taught. 5. In fine,
that the establishments of the new schools shall in
ever occur.
The motion, after a few observations from the
lord chancellor and lord Lauderdale, was, on a di-
vision, rejected by a majority of six, the contents
being five, the non-contents eleven. The bill then
passed through the committee, and was ordered tq
be reported to-morrow.
London, April 5. When sir Charles Tyler arriv-
ed at St. Helena, from his station at the Cape of
Good Hope, on his return to Europe in the Med-
way, of 74 guns, he, accomprnied by captain Far-
quhar, of the Liverpool, and captain Sotheby, of the
Tamur frigate, Went with sir G. Cockburn, to see
Bonaparte at his residence. The latter sent in his
name, as also those of the gallant officers who ac-
companied him. On their being announced, the
Corsican flew into a violent rage, and it was som e
minutes before he could articulate the following
words, "I will not be made a show of to British ad-
mirals and captains; tell them I am not well; I
won't see them." He had previously refused to
see sir G. Cockburn, who at last insisted that he
would visit him twice a week, which the gallant ad-
no respect trench. upon those of the brothers of the] miral has regularly done, and the renegade has,
per force, submitted to it.
April 13. The public are most impatient for ac-
curate and correct information respecting the in-
terference of our fleet under lord Exmouth, in the
dispute between the emperor of Austria and the
king of Naples. It is stated that the emperor of
Austria has a demand on the king of Naples for 10
millions sterling — and that until the money is paid
he is resolved to keep possession of a part of his
territory. It is more easy to set up such a claim as
this, than to satisfy it. The king of Naples cannot
pay any such demand. — Jllvrn. Chron.
The applications to become maids of honor to the
princess Charlotte, already amount to 574!
Christian schools: ami that in the places er parishes
where the latter shall have been already establish-
ed in sufficient number, new schools shall not be ad-
mitted to come into competition with them.
"Those articles were sanctioned by his majesty's
signature; and in consequence of their communica-
tion, those of the clergy of Paris, who were mem-
bers of the committee of primary instruction, have
no longer refused to act."
Qjr'What a. glorious subject for "rejoicing" is this!
"Legitimate" things now rule! It is abominable
that such proceedings should be countenanced by
a Christian people, much less by Protestant com-
munities. If Bonaparte had attempted this but
he, being the chosen of the people, was an "usurper." The Paris papers, which arrived yesterday, con-
Europe is rapidly "advancing backwards," as Paddy tain a long report of the proceedings in the cham-
said — the dark ages seem about to be "restored," j ber of deputies on Monday last. The session was
and theii are "ancient and venerable!'* a most violent one. The president was
they are "ancient and ver
HorsE OF PtKRs — AprilS. Earl Bathurst moved
the second reading of Bonaparte^ detention bill.
Lord Holland said he could not agree in the princi-
ple of the bill, and it was his intention to record his
a most violent one. The president was so brow-
beaten that he left the chair and quitted the cham-
ber and the assembly, under the strongest marks
of agitation.
Mr. Laine, the chaiunan of the chamber of dcpu-
N1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER— MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES.
lies, tendered his resignation to the king in con-
sequence of the above storm. On the 8th, how-
ever, he took his seat as usual, and a letter from
dukede Richelieu was read, in which the king re-
quested, and almost commanded, Mr. Lajne to re-
tain his station, at least till the discussions on the
budget were closed.
The alarm excited by the excesses of the Barba-
ry powers in the Mediterranean, spread rapidly. A
motion was made in the French chamber of p£*vs
on the 9th, for an address to the king, praying him
to oi'der his minister for foreign affairs to write to
opening general negociations with the Jiarbary
pviuers, to determine them to respect the flags of opened their fire upon the unsuspecting workmen
tigue parties employed on this new work, but very
difficult to effect, from the thick woods concealing
all their movements from the views of our lines.
Col. Brooke, taking with him two dismounted dra-
goons, and carrying in his hand a Ian them, covered
with a watch coat, passed, during the night, their
line of centinels, ascended a tree which stood about
six paces in front of the enemy's new battery, and
fixed it there. A cord was attacked to the watch-
coat, with which, when he had descended and reach-
ed the length of it, he drew the coat from the lan-
thern, and creeping round the line of centinels, re
the several courts of Europe, for the purpose of turned safe into camp. The Auieriean batteries,
directed by the light of the lanthern in the tree.
foreign nations, and put an end to the reducing of
Christians to slavery. This proposition was well
received, and will be shortly discussed in the peers.
Vienna, March 30. The last news from Turkey
informs us that the Ottoman Porte formally refuses
to acknowledge the independence of the Ionian
isles. We can no longer, then, be surprised at the
little interest the divan shews in according the
claims of the English respecting continental places.
It will, perhaps, be necessary that they employ
force.
The state conferences, by order of the emperor,
now turn upon a most important part, namely, whe-
ther it is advantageous or not for Austria to create
a navy, to protect with an armed force its flag and
commerce in the Adriatic."
- i •
Miscellaneous Articles.
COLONEL BROOK. — From the Boston Patriot — It is
to be regretted, that many individual acts of gal-
lantry do not find their way into the annals of the
recent war. Impartial history will, however, do
justice to all; and many officers, who considered
themselves neglected, will find their deeds em-
blazoned in story.
Among the many acts of braving danger, perform-
ed by the gallant officers of the campaign on the
Niagara, we record the following as highly honora-
ble to the ingenuity and daring spirit of col. George
Jlf. Brooke, of Virginia. During the siege of Fort
Erie, our little army displayed more obstinate de-
votion to the character it had won on the plains of
Chippewa, the heights of Bridgwater, and the en-
trenchments of Fort Erie, than can be found in the
who could not divine what secret spirit had betray-
ed the position of their labors, until they observed
the light swinging in the air; nor then could form,
any conjecture, by what daring hand, it had been
there suspended.
COLONEL BOONE — Extract from a letter, addressed
to the editors and published in the Columbian, dated
"Fort Osage, Missouri territory," April 29, 1816. —
We have been honored by a visit from col. BOOXK,
the first settler of Kentucky; he lately spent two
weeks with us. This singular man could not live
in Kentucky when it became settled. He has es-
tablished a colony or settlement, as mentioned, OH
the Missouri, about one hundred miles below us,
which has been nearly destroyed by the Indians dur-
ing the late war. The cofond cannot live without
being in the woods. He goes a hunting twice a year
to the remotest wilderness he can reach; and hires
a man to go with him, whom he binds in writiea
articles to take care of him, and bring him home,
dead or alive. He left this for the river Platt, some
distance above. Col. Boone is eighty-five years of
age, five feet seven inches high, stoutly made, and
active for one of his years; is still of vigorous mind,
and is pretty well informed. He has taken part in
all the wars of America, from before Braddock's
war to the present hour. He has held respectable
state appointments, both civil and military; has
been a colonel, a legislator, and a magistrate; he
might have accumulated riches as readily as an}-
man in Kentucky; but he prefers the -woods, where
you see him in the olress of the roughest, poorest
hunter.
"I intend, by next autumn, if I can obtain per-
to take two or three whites and a party of
•»• 1 • • . 1 1* • 1 «
military history of any other country. It was cus- j Osage Indians, and visit the salt mountains, lakes
ternary for the officers commanding regiments, bat-1""'1 '~ — ' — - *' *—- l -'-•-- -" *•* •-
talions, or companies, to volunteer for what was
then called "piquet fights." They always terminat-
ed in driving the piquets of the enemy.
The; solicitations for permission to er;;age in this
hind of partizan warfare became so frequent and
oftentimes so fatal to the officers commanding, that
the generals, who were successively in command,
determined to check that useless ardor, and resolv-
ed on granting no farther indulgencies of the kind.
At that time colonel (then major) Brooke, being-
officer of the day, after visiting our advanced
guards, came in, and applied for leave to beat up
the enemy's piquet. It was peremptorily refused.
and ponds, and see the natural curiosities of the
country along the mountains. The salt-mountain is
but 5 or 600 miles west of this place."
PEACH TREES. — From the Cincinnati Gazette—' As
the delicious fruit of this tree has become of late
years very scarce in some of the eastern states, by
means of the peach tree decaying and finally dying-;
and as I have for some years (in New-Jersey and
this state) been anxious to find out the cause"; and
having ascertained to my satisfaction that it was not
owing to a worm it the root, as some have affirmed.
I have examined the peach tree at almost all times
in the year, and having found a certain insect on the
first growth or putting: out of the leaves in April,
was led
lie pleaded the indulgence granted to others, as 1815^' I was led to enquire if this insect had beei
being justly due to him, and the general command-) noticed before; and not being able to find any per-
ing finally assented. Brooke then selecting about son that had ever seen the like, I concluded to wait
I men from his own command, dashed into the i the return of another spring, to make further dis-
woods which skirted our entrenchments, met. and: coveries; and about the same time this April last
Lrove the enemy with great sUuighU-r, and disco-lpaat, I found the same insect make its appearance,
vered a new battery at an important point, which again. I observed these insects for sometime, in
?y were erecting under cover of the night. It be- which they increased very fast. 1 then called on 'a
came then an object of importance, to annoy, the fo-i friend in Cincinnati to make it nublic, art'.1
362
K1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 1816.
same time exhibited to him a sample of the above
insect; but this being delayed, I have thought pro-
per, at this late hour, to 7iiake the following state-
ment of my own observations; especially as I have
with much sorrow, perceived the peach trees in this
ytate are becoming subject to decay: —
These insects appear as the first growth begins to
put out in April. They increase till they become
very numerous. They are very small at first, re-
iiuiin for the most part of the time on the under side
of the leaf, and cause it to twist and turn a pale
yellow color. In a short time they turn to a small
iiy ;md disappear: there are none to be seen after
the tenth or fifteenth of May. They somewhat re-
semble the lice on cabbage or broom-corn. 1 have
\u>L observed that any tiling preys on them except a
bmall worm, which eventually turns to a large fly,
somewhat res enabling a yellow-jacket or hornet. My
conjecture is, that the eggs are deposited in the
diture of above $6 per day in fuel, and perform-,
the operation more completely, enabling the dislil
ler to procure a greater quantity of spirits than by
the common method of mashing.
1 account this contrivance a very Ingenious one.,
though apparently simple ; it cannot fail to be soon
brought into general use, and become at once a
great convenience to distillers and a source of profit,
to Mr. Beatty, who has obtained a patent for the-
machine. It is applicable to many purposes in other
manufactories, which I need not* particularise. As
this community, or the public generally, arc not ;-.p-
prised of the existence of the newly invented mash-
ing tub, I thought our newspapers would render
some service to their readers by making it known.
Chemists, mechanics and distillers, approve of it
highly. JV. Y. Columbian.
ECCENTRICITIES OF COMMERCE. Every one has-
heard of the folly of "sending couls. to New-Custle."
biid in the fall, ami produced by the warm rays ofjln modern days, we find trade so capricious, that ad-
t.lie sun in the spring of the year. Query — do not ventures analogous to the coals of New-Castle are
these insects poison our peach trees, and bring' on entered into, and not unfrequently prove productive*
.this decay? If so, men of leisure would do well to
iind out some remedy. JAMES WOOD.
Columbia township, JMay 16, 1316.
NAUTICAL. From a London paper. The Glatton,
Cotton has been sent from New- York to Charleston.
Molasses is imported into the United from Scotland
— and what may appear even more extraordinary is,
that a ship is now loading at our wharves for Lon-
don, and has engaged for freight, 24 packages of
whose tonnage is about equal to a 64, sailed from
Portsmouth, 23d September 1802, for Botany Bay, cases of British dry goods,
landed convicts there, and returned to Portsmouth! To these instances, stated in the Philadelphia
22d September, 1803 — having returned by Cape Gazette, we may add, that some American brewers
Horn and 'circumnavigated the globe in 364 day r-, of are about to import barley from Europe, that pro-
v.-hich she was only 277 at sea. The time occupied visions are introduced from Ireland, and gypsum
a the first circumnavigation of the globe (A. D. from France. What is yet more remurkaMe thanr
1.516 — 1522) by the expedition under ""Magalhanes, all, it is estimated that cut-stone can be imported
X Magellan,) was three years within 14 days — and the from Scotland for a less sum than some folks seem
different directions, during that disposed to demand here for saun-ng it alone.-
', amounted, according* to the ship's reckon-
ing, to 14,160 leagues.
•ib*
COTTON WOOL. Account of the quantity (in Ibs.
nett) of cottonwool, imported into Great Britain, in
MKTHDJJ OF txTiNGUis.'UNG riiiE. From the the last 24 years, distinguishing each year.
ffiiinc. The method of immediately subduing fire,
v,'us, on Friday, tried in the presence of admirals sir
T. Duckworth, sir Wm. Young, Frank, Plumpin,
Scqtt, Young, and captains Peiiew, Win. and G.
Waldergrave, who examined the apparatus, process
and effect, with the most scrutinizing attention to
its application on board ships, and places that pro-
duce the most rapid destruction when in combus-
tion. It received their warmest approbation for its
portability, immediate use, and expelling force;
but the powers of extinction on a bundle of lighted
portfires, (that no quantity of water thrown on them
could have abated their fury) being instantaneuiisly
In 1792—34,907,497
In' 1804—61,8(37,329
3—19,040,929
5—59,682,406
4—24,358,567
6 — 5S,176,2&>
5—20,401,340
7—74,925,306
6—32,125,357
8—4,3,605,982
7—23,354,371
9—92,812,283
8—31,860,641
10-135,483,935
9—43,379,278
11—91,576,535
1800—56,010,732
12—60,693,000
1—56,004,305
13—50,966,000
2—60,345,500
14—60,580,000
3—28,812,284
15—95,499,000
The four last years are calculated according t*
extinguished, and with one quarter of a pint of fluid* the usual average weight of each description; the
impregnated with antiplogistic ingredients, by this (remainder are copied from returns made to the
method of impulse, drew from the numerous per-
sons present, the fullest declaration of its import-
house of commons.
VK I»;U\E.VTIOV. Mr. Elmes, thearchi-
i'.nce to preserve valuable property from the ft auuis. I tec t, has invented a new instrument, which deli-
Inyeni'j-iiH labor-saving -machine fur distilleries. 1 neates perspective vi
have recently examined Mr. Beatty's steam and
mashing machine, in this cily, which ailbrds greater
advantages than ;;ny yet invented. Mr. B. has a
mash-tub large enoudi to mash at once a suflicient
<;u;intity for a day's iTse. It i.s filled with cold water,
views with mathematical pro
cision, and is so simple in its nature and construc-
tion, as strongly to recommend it to architect,
painters, and sculptors; and the practitioners and
.students in every department of the fine arts.
With its assistance, architectural views may be
lie sets the machinery in motion either by a delineated with unexampled celerity; and even thcss
horse or any other power;
> thoroughly mixec' with
tulmits steam from any steam boiler into the body
. mash, and rd.ses the temperature to any de-
gree required, iiy this easy puocess, the saccharine
sub.^Uino^ is completely extracted from the grain. —
One man is sufficient to attend the mashing of 200
nuslu:l;> a-day, and to clear ail the tubs for next
v'uy ; which make a saving of more than eight men's
'tail/ l;;bor, Be-ridts this g>!5». 1*. &j»vc-s the expcr.-
.MI adds the meal; when j difficult subject*, to which, o.i account of the variety
itii the cold water, he of their former appearances, the practical ru".-r,
m boiler into the boclv of perspective are so seldom applied, as the
foreshortenings of the human figure, anil indeed
every natural appearance whatever. For the pur-
poses of popular instruction in astronomy, the
relative distances of stars from each other can be
measured by it, and the pi-ogress of planets, comets,
SiC. ascertained and delineated. — Londui} paper.
T:IE Fis'iiEaiiis.— Sag-lfm-tor, June 2. — Arrived
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES.
ship Argonp'it. ^- Halsey, from the coast of Brazil,
with 150* barrels oil. Spoke Jan. 2 Buby, of Nan-
tuck e'> Clark, 700 barrels; Leo. of do." Joy, 500;
Imh*try, of do- Uussell, 250; Herald, of New-Bed-
f0jvl. Bunker, 700. Jan. 15, Tarquin, of Nantucket,
Bunker, 300. Jan. 13 Martha, of New-Bedford,
vest, 1600. Feb. 3 Warren, Sag-Harbor. Fowler,
JOO. Feb. 6, Abigail, of do. Post, 700.
AXNt'AL CENSUS
Of the Humane and Criminal institutions in the city of
J\"e-iv-l~ork, collected by the attending minister, John
Stanford, A. M. May 1, 1816.
OUPIIAJf ASYLUM.
Boys 51 | Cirls 4€ 93
CITY ALMS HOUSE.
Including 169 children out at nurse.
White men 249 Black men 21
White women 287 Black women 46
White boys 227 Black boys 15
White girls 192 | Black girls 6—104:
CITY HOSPITAL.
Patients 224 | Maniacs 77 — 301
DEBTOR^' PHISON.
In confinement, including the Liberties 95
BRIDEWELL.
White men 105 ! Black men 60
White women 20 | Black \\omen 30 — 215
STATE I'HISOIV.
White men 481 I Black men 98
White women 19 | Black women 56 — 654
Total 2401
COMMERCE OF NORFOLK. — From the Norfolk Herald.
— The annexed statement exhibits the amount of
duties on imports and tonnage, paid »r secured at
the custom house at this port, from the 1st January,
1815, to the 31st Mav, 1816 :
1815. IMPOI.TS.
1st quarter, .... §23,413 06
2nd do 98,560 55
3rd do 279,198 18
4th do. 154,007 17
1816.
Is quarter* 160,213 68
April, 78,587 57
May, 122,200 00
TOWAGE
2,618 84
5,240 72
11,972 04
12,200 06
5,399 68
4,500 00
914,180 21 41,929
Total amount of duties on imports and tonnage foi
17 months,
$956,109 55
Averaging $56,241 73 per month — But if we ex-
clude the two h'rst quarters (during which but
little was done owing to the unsettled state of com-
merce) and take the eleven following months, it
will be $75,116 21 per month.
J\'aval architecture in the interior. — From the In-
telligencer, printed at Columbus, Ohio, May 30.—
Sailed from Sunbury township, Delaware county, on
Friday last, the Ad-venter of Lit I la Walnut, captain
Sturdivant, bound for the Missouri. The Adventer
•aw cotton,) together with the front warehouse,' op
store, with several adjacent buildings, were destroy-
ed before the progress of the devouring clemer.1;
was stopped. The property lost was pretty fully in-
ured. It appears undoubted that this was the work
of an incendiary; but whether by a little cr a great
villain, we know not. It may have been the doing of
the gangs of pick -pockets and thieves that have re-
cently reached this city from the eastward, or of that
ever-watchful" influence of a certain government
which, we know, employs very singular means to
extirpate the mum/factories of all countries but its
own.
The Washington 74 sailed from Annapolis on the
7th hist, for Naples, with Mr. Pinkney and his suite
on board. The very polile and gentlemanly con-
duct of all the officers of this beautiful ship, will
long be remembered by the numerous persons who
visited her while in our waters. Indeed, their cour-
tesy went beyond what any one had reason to ex-
pectr; — for, on the arrival of the steam boats from
Baltimore, frequently with more than 200 passen-
gers, they put out their boats and conveyed them to
and from the ship; and while on board spared no
pains to make tire visit agreeable. The editor had
the pleasure to partake of their hospitality, and
feels it an act of justice thus publicly to express and
record his thanks.
A new Episcqjal church, the first in Louisiana,
was opened for public worship on the 14th of April
last, at New-Orleans. It contains 72 pews — 61 ol"
which were sold for g>13,000— • the pews, also, will
produce an annual revenue of 2000 dollars.
Spanish aggressions. By an arrival at Charleston
from St. Augustii*e, we learn that a certain Mr. J.
Prendergest, an American citizen, had just been re-
leased from five months imprisonment a.s a .?/»/, no-
thing appearing against him—but that Mr. James
Gray, of Greene county, Geo. who had been confin-
ed for 2 years and 10 months, still remained immur-
ed; and that the authorities of the place had de-
clared he should remain there until the Americans
came to liberate him.
The season in Canada. Quebec, May 16. — "M ap-
ses of snow still lie in the fields, and very little
wheat has yet been sown in this distrrct."
Butter. — It is said to be intended to import into.
New-York z. full cargo of BCTTKK. from Ireland, for
the fall supply of that city. Hurley, hops and pork,
it is also expected, will be received in great quan-
tities. .
IMPRESSED AMEIUCAX SEAXEV. The Trenton True
American of the 10th inst. contains :m abstract or
an official report made by the secretary of state and
transmitted to congress on the 29tU*of April, by
the president; from which it appears that the num-
ber of our impressed seamen conjinad at, Dartinvnrt
etc. (who in the report are divided iutq three class-
es) were seventeen hundred and •nin-ety-nim:. This
number is liberated.
is seventy-five feet keel and sixteen tons burthen;
was built on Little Walnut one mile from
mouth— passed down Eigbelly and entered the
Sciota on Saturday in perfect safety, loaded princi-
pally with families migrating to that country. W*
speak of thin an being' the frst ever built on this stream
CHRONICLE.
Fire. On Monday morning, 3d inst. between 1 and 2
2 o'clock, the warehouse of the UnionManvfuctiiringl J
any of Maryland, adjacent to the bank of Baf-i \vari
[The editor or' the HECHSTEII has not yet seen the
its. report alluded to above, or it would have been pub-
lished at length in this work.]
Jtfure ?.v>;.' We have noticed the arrival, we be-
lieve, of seven or eight cart:- 1 ships- from England,
with impressed American stamen, 'given up' from Bri-
tish ships long- since the peace. It appears that even
yet, alt icivenoc been disgorged from these "float-
ing1 hells" — ibr on the lOih in*:, tliere arrived at
New-York the British cartel ship Muida, with "100
.-eaui-cii :v loused, t'roui British ships- u:
1jmorc,\vas discovered to be on lire. The buikiiny
:da* artore fcoiisftfor
!'i '^
js .- ting . • •.
was bad enough
• '
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, .TUNE v;,
had been impressed, really transcends in barbarity
any tiling of the kind that we have heard of. We
would forgive, if it be possible — but never should
forget it.
Washington Cid/, June 10.
There has been in
this city, for some days past, a delegation from the
day) all the world sailed on parties oT pV-
the bayou St. John; this is usually a
afternoon's ride — what is still more droll, se\oj.al
sailed on dry land up to the crevasse.
New Or leans, May 17. We are sorry to le>n
that all hopes of stopping the Gevasse are at at
Chickasaw nation of Indians, consisting of general j end; it was entirely abandoned yesterday evening,
William Colbert, the great war-chief of the Chicka- iand its dimensions increase, and that the water in
saws; major James Colbert, interpreter of the Uni-
ted States; Et-tis-sue, Jltmro, the great orator; Jlp-
• >a-sau-tub-bee, a chief; Chas-tau-ny, and Col-leet-
the back part of the city and Fauxbourg rises.
OjLetters of the 18th are received in Baltimore'
confirming the above — they had no hope of stop-
:hcr, warriors— conducted by Mr. Wigton King.— i ping the breach until the water of the river feiJ!
These chiefs and warriors, with the rest of their j Great will be the destruction of property, indeed!
nation, took an active part in the late war, against i but to this, calamity is added well-grounded fears
our combined white and red foes in the South, and j of a pestilence more dreadful. It is stated that
boast they never spilled the blood of a white
nan, except in war, and then have always taken
part with the U. States. General Colbert has par-
ticularly distinguished himself. He, with seven
others of his nation, fought with us as long ago as
:it St. Glair's defeat; and, in the late war, before his
nation was ready for the fight, he singly joined the
odrcgt. of the U. S. infantry; after remaining with
them nine months, he returned to his nation, col-
lected his warriors, and marched to fort Montgo-
mery on the Alabama, from thence against Pensaco-
iu, crossed the Escambia, and pursued the flying
hostile Creeks near to Apalachicola, killing many
of the enemy, and returning to fort Montgomery
\vitli 85 Creek prisoners. The business of the dele-
gation to tin's city was to obtain a permanent ad-
justment of boundaries between them and the
Ci-(x!;s, Chcrokees and Choctaws; for which pur-
pose commissioners have been appointed. They
have been satisfactorily paid, also, at the war de-
partment, for their military services during the
late war, and return home, to use their own expres-
sion, "with gratitude and thanks to the president,
and their white brothers, as well as glad hearts to
their wives and children." It is but just to add,
their appearance and deportment is such as to en-
title them to respect and attention.
H'ushiiir; ton's birth place — Mr. Curtis of Arlington,
with a party of gentlemen, has deposited a stone on
•;Ue remains of the old mansion house, in West-
moreland county, Va. where Gen. Washington was
born, with the following simple inscription: —
HERE,
On the llth* of February, 1732,
WASHINGTON
WAS BOUX. pKfni THE LOXDOX GAZETTE.— War office, Jljnil 1C
NK w-OnLEAXS. — Extract of a letter from New- j His royal highness the prince regent has been plea-
Orleans received at New-York, dated May 14 — Jed, in the name and on the behalf of his majesty, to
The water, I believe, has ceased to rise in the .approve of the 41st regiment being permitted to
city, it having found a vent into Lake Borgne. The! bear on its colors and appointments, in addition to
breach in the levcc above town is not yet closed;! any other badges or devices which may have been
\ve are very sanguine, however, in our hopes that i heretofore granted to the regiment, the words —
it will be done speedily. The operation has corn- "Detroit," Queenstown" and "Miami." in conside-
monced, and is so far successful. They have moored ration of the distinguished gallantry displayed by
t\vo large ships across its mouth, and have begun jthat regiment in the capture of Fort Detroit, on the
to throw in bags filled with earth. The water with 1 16th of August, 1812; in the defeat of the Ameri-
many are preparing to leave the city. We have on-
ly to console ourselves with the hope, that this ad-
versity may induce the people of Louisiana to .
adopt measures to guard against such devastations
in future.
EPIDEMIC. Extract of a letter to the editor of
the Weekly Register, dated Windsor, (N. C.) May
30: "The epidemic which has been so fatal witii
us, and more or less so throughout the state, has, in
a measure, disappeared; but its effects upon many
of our constitutions will, I fear, be attended with
consequences eventually fatal. Some of our mosT
robust constitutions melted before it like wax be-
fore fire. This particular section of the county of
Bertie has become almost depopulated."
DaEADFCt ACCIDENT. Extract of a letter receiv-
ed in Washington city, dated Marietta, June 6:
"x\n accident of the most distressing nature took
place yesterday. The large steam-boat built at
Wheeling, came to anchor here the day before yes-
terday, at evening. She had set out without being
prepared for the purpose, and was detained during
the night for some iron work. They raised the
steam too high before she started, and while the
hands were all called together in the act of raising
the anchor, the boiler exploded at the end next to
them. It was terrible beyond conception; almost
all were carried overboard and dreadfully burnt —
1 was drowned and 15 or 16 much injured: 6 died,
last night, and 2 or 3 more must die."
CHILT. By a late arrival, we are informed thai
jthe whole coast of Chili was in possession of the
j royalists. Information had been received at Valpu-
jraiso, that the patriots were about marching to at-
|tack to St. Jago, the capital, which was fortifying.
the heats of August! There is something odd in j Montreal, Mat/ 27. We understand that the Ca-
seeing boats row through the streets of a populous inadianfencible regiment, the Nova Scotia fencibles,
city. On Saturday last, a sloop from across Lake 'the royal Newfoundland regiment, the Gltngary
Ponlchartmiii sailed on the bayou road, as far us Might infantry, and part of De YVatteville's and DC
the house formerly owned bv Danl. Clark, and then Mcuron's regiments, all excepting the royal New-
struck across the fields to" the rear of this city,
without once touching bottom. Yesterday (Sun-
*OM stile.
foundland now serving in the Canauas, are to be
disbanded immediately. Both oih'ccrs and men are
to have land given to them, on condition of a
settlement.
WILES' WEEKLY REGISTER.
SUPPLEMENT TO NO. 16, VOL X.
llctc olim meininisse jinxibit. — Vnuiii..
PHIYTKll AM) I>Uin.ISilKI» IIY H. NH-V.S, AT TH K HEAD OF CUE APSIUK, AT §5 PEtt ANNUM.
Legislature of Massachusetts.
OOVEUXOR'S SPEECH.
Gentlemen of the senate, and
GenfL-uieii. of the house of representative*.
As we have assumed the several stations which
Vhe suffrages of our fellow-citizens have destined
vis to sustain, for the present year, 1 avail myself of
this customary interview to congratulate you tin
the return of this interesting season, and that our
country is enjoying a state of peace and domestic
tranquillity.
The institution of civil government is essential
to human happiness — without government existence
would cease to be a blessing. But as we can dis-
cern no ground in nature for the assumption of a
right in one individual to control the actions of
another, we conclude that all men are originally
equal; and therefore that legitimate government
must be derived from the will of the people. How-
ever little the existing governments of the world
generally, may correspond with these positions, we
have the satisfaction to reflect that Massachusetts,
£nd her sister states, separately and conjointly,
have realised, and are now enjoying the right of
self government.
That a numerous population should assemble
rind, legislate upon the multifarious concerns inci-
dent to the social state, is obviously impracticable.
Reflection and experience however, suggested a
convention, and a representative authority was the
result of compromise. Every conceivable compact
is preferable to anarchy. Rut if men duly estimate
their own interests, in commuting their natural
rights, each individual for the portion of liberty he
surrenders, must receive in benefits from society
tar more than an equivalent.
^ The people of this state have been favored by an
indulgent Providence, with an opportunity sponta-
neously of framing for themselves, a constitution of
government upon the broad basis of equal rights.
And we may be permitted to exult in the reflec-
tion, that the great questions involved in forming a
system of rules that must last indefinitely for ages
and influence the conditions of millions, .were dis-
cussed with a degree of intelligence, and a spirit
of candor and mutual concession, which mark the
period as an age of wisdom and virtue. In that in-
teresting discussion, facts and-principles weTe in-
vestigated; the most distinguished forms of civil
polity, of which ancient and modern times fur-
each upon the character of man, and upon social
happme§s; were explored and elucidated, as might
aave been expected among men thus informed;
men, whose ancestors had suffered under the lash
of tyranny, and who were themselves menaced with
similar evils; power was imparted to public agents
Jfith caution, and in every practicable instance
limited with precision. Such concessions, however,
were made in favor of delegated authority as pro-
mised to ensure tranquillity and a due execution of
t.ie laws. It is obviously one of the leading objects
or our constitution efficaciously to counteract the
tendency of office to accumulate power, and so
gfUard against an abuse of delegated trust.
Frequent elections are deemed necessary for
preserving the original principles of the government
in their purity; and it is no less requisite to that end
that rulers should thoroughly Understand and duly
appreciate their importance. Principles are im-
mutable— -and our system is so framed as to leave
as little as possible for construction. A popular go-
vernment destitute of a .system of rules and princi-
ple.-^ expressly distributing and modifying the dele-
gated authority, and prescribing, as well to the le-
gislators as to 'the magistrates the conditions upon
which it is to be exercised, must be fluctuating and
transitory. The ancient republics afford a striking
illustration of this remark. A division of the powers
of sovereignty into sevend departments, the idea-of
vesting the legislative power into two deliberate
assemblies each having a negative upon the other;
of separating the executive from the legislative,
with a perfect or qualified negative upon the latter;
and of establishing a judiciary independent of both,
were desiderata in the ancient republics, which
time and experience have since disclosed. And it is
an happiness, gentlemen, to have our lot cast under
a system of .government constructed upon these
principles. This system, being the ordinance of the:
people, and enacted by them in the exercise of their
natural and underived right of self-control, justly
and imperatively claims to be the supreme law of
the state. The constitution has been in operation
nearly thirty-seven years — it commenced in the
midst of the war of the revolution, under circum-
stances peculiarly trying to its infant strength, and
has successfully resisted the shocks to whicli it has
since, from a variety of causes, been exposed.
To estimate the blessings derived to this people
from our constitution, would be difficult — we can
scarcely point to any source of enjoyment, that is not
deduced from, or enriched by, its benign influence,
I only notice further, among the civil provisions
of the constitution for the preservation of liberty,
property and characters, trials by jury, and the
independence of the judges of the supreme judicial
court. These provisions were ordained by the peo-
ple, and they operate for, and are essential to, their
safely. What otherwise could protect the weak
from the powerful, the poor from the opulent, the
simple and uninformed from the crafty and intelli-
gent? This branch of the social compact chnsliuitcs
one of its most precious attributes. An independent
judiciary not only directly guarantees an impartial
interpretation and administration of the laws; but
lushed examples, were analyzed, and the effects of nas(a most auspicious though remote influence upon
science and literature, upon character and the em-
bellishments of taste, and more especially upon the
science of jurisprudence. The desire of wealth, the
love of fame, the hope of distinction, and every
motive that can operate upon an ingenuous mindj
ind give elasticity and force to the human faculties;
conspire to en — "~ "K ~
learned jurists.
It is foreign to my intention, as it would be to
the occasion, to attempt an analysis of the consti-
tution. But such provisions of that instrument as
are vitally important to the public happiftess cannot
be too frequently brought to vie\V and
upon the public miml
9
§66
BILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE la, 18r6
A knowledge of the value of first principles oughUhe United "Slates; but they were then, and are still,
to be cultivated. Avarice and ambition wage eternal believed to be necessary to maintain the stability of
war with equal rights and public liberty. This was government, to command the confidence of our own
the doctrine of our fathers, founded in the nature of citizens and the respect of other nations, as well as
man; it is the doctrine of the constitution, illus- to preserve the union of the states. The just meaft
between a too limited and an indefinite grant of
)ower, was assiduously sought, and the result cheer-
fully submitted to the test of experiment.
In whatever degree the American systems of go-
eminent may have been deyjved hi their exterior
trated by the unequivocal testimony of experience.
Virtue is the great conservative of republics; and
co"':ci lent with the otl-er profound views developed
in the constitution, and as auxiliary to their attain-
ment, that instrument assigns an elevated rank to
in or,
1 and religious principles. The happiness of 'forms from pre-existing models, their origin is
the people, the good order and preservation of civil
government are declared essentially to depend on
piety, religion and r.ioi a.l:t y; and wisdom and know-
ledge as well as virtue, are considered as necessary
for the preservation of die rights and liberties of the
people. To give the fullest effect to those princi-
scntially dissimilar. The British constitution, for
example, was the product of feudal times, and the
people of England were supposed to receive privi-
leges from the hands of the king, as though power
was primit ively and inherently an attribute of royalty.
Our constitution originated from a different source,
i • , . . i
pies, the constitution makes it the duty oflegisla- and h strictly :i compromise among equals; acorn-
tors and m.igisti-ates in all future periods of the com- 'promise among individuals, who, arrogating- no ex-
monwealth to cherish the interest of literature and elusive pre-eminent rights, acknowledge no supe-
the sciences, and all seminaries of them; to encou- rior.s. And those compacts being1 completed, their
rage private societies and public institutions; re- administration was entrusted to agents to exercise
wards and immunities, for the promotion of agri- j that degree of power only, which their constituents
culture, arts, sciences, commerce, trades and maim- Iliad seen fit to impart. The national compact, like
factures, to countenance and inculcate the princi- 'the constitutions of the individual states, is an ema-
\'<\i:s of humanity and benevolence, public and pri-jnation from the same pure and legitimate source;
vatc charity, industry and frugality, honesty and land the spirit of freedom that pervades and ar.i-
punctualiiy in thtir "dealings, sincerity, good fin- mates the state constitutions, is carried into the
mor, and all sf;ciul affections and generous senti-
ments among the people.
To what extent the legislature has, from time to
time, fulfilled these benevolent injunctions, your
i -xirnais and statute books can honorably attest.
The establishment of numerous public institutions
to countenance the principles of piety, of charity
a i benevolence; for the encouragement of iivera-
ture and the. sciences of agriculture and the mecha-
nic arts, evinces a copious transfusion of the same
enlightened spirit into our legislatures that originat-
ed and perfected the constitution. And the various
aids in money, in lands, and in valuable immuties,
which have been granted, fVorn time to trnie, t<>the
university at Cambridge, the colleges at Williams-
town and" Brunswick, and the numerous academies
and other literary and scientific institutions, bear,
honorable' testimony to the fidelity willi which the
eon;,' ilution has been administered".
in framing our constitution, provision was wisely
made for transferring a larger portion of sovereignty
to the Ur.iu-d ''tales, than had been conferred by Ihe
national pnei-, and all powers not expressly given,
are declared to be retained by the people or the
states. This distinct reservation of rights, besides
being- a condition Avithout the introduction of which
the constitution would never have been adopted,
forms a check upon the powers vested in the gene-
ral government. The sovereignty of the states,
though reduced from its oiiginal amplitude, has
been viewed by the mast illustrious statesmen of our
country, as forming a most safe and effectual coun-
terpoise to that mass of power inherent in the United
States' constitution, and which is indispensably ne-
cessary for the general welfare.
From the experience we have had of Ihe opera-
tions of the national government, we may infer its
efficiency, and that its continuance may be protract-
ed for ages. The machinery, it is true, is compli-
cated, but the several purls we trust are so well •
proportioned and adapted to each other as to ren-
der the mighty movements of the- whole equable,
salutary and lasting. We presume the government
will be administered in the true spirit of it, and that
the impotence of merely a federative compact, scon Hinder its auspicious influence. \Vhateverapj >e-
hnpei-imisiy exacted a fulfilment of that provision, hen.sions may have been at any
confederation, and the ruinous effects id-owing from a great and united nation may be rendered happy
Whatever apj i e-
former period en-
tertained of the operations of the national govern-
ment, the people of this commonwealth have but
•one sentiment as to its continuance. Massachusetts
will be among the last, to i'npair the union of the
states, as she woiild.be the last silently to abandon
i:i the mean time, comwicrce and credit, both pub-
lic and private, were nearly extinct; agriculture,
trades and manufactures languished; and the whole
c.ountry, that had recently and illustriously effected
vhcir indepnuU'riO'.-j after n Ion;; and distrcssin., __,
war, was o\env he lined \\ith gloomy apprehensions (he? own just rights,
or' anarciiy and ruin. At length a new frame of j Regulating commerce and encouraging raanufac-
governnient w.\s announced, and ufter leng and ri- j Lures fall wiilfm the province of the national g
go ous discussion in th- '.<. s, was happily jment. The rights and benefits of the former are,
rioted. ' . " [probably, as extensive as consists with the ri;;h's
The eoT)s\i''!!ion of the United States is without land interests of other nations. The distress w!:K'h
e extent of its fiscal exec
c. s, possesses tlu essential pre^o
precedent and -.vi'liou1 parallel, In iis composition
an-, form it partakes of the federative character; but
i-.ivc and other pow-
lives'of'an integral
government. The confederation was a government
01' courtesy. The national interests <lemanded one
of efliciency and coercion. Regulating commerce,
DiiJn.aining customary intercourse witii other na
tin;,s, forming • reaties, exercising the rights of war
and peace, and piovidhu, for the national defence,
some of our manufacturing citizens have suffered
from the astonishing' changes that have recently
taken place in Europe and America, arc undoubtedly
great and excite our sympathy. Congress may pro-
bably in adjusting their new tariff of duties nave
done" as much for their relief as a due regard to jus-
tice and the good of the, community at large would
While therm
of the scenes of war must be
deprecated bv f-verv benevolent and patriotic heart.
ere largt' concessions made to the government of it must be ing1"'; satisfactory to you, gentlemen* to
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— PROPERTY LOST, CAPTURED, &.c. 357
observe that the interests of naval and military es-
tablishments are consul ted and patronized; and that
the formation of respectable military depots is tak-
ing- place in various parts of the United States, and
particularly iu the vicinity of this ancient seat of
government.
Having- received sundry letters from the several
governments of the states of Rhode-Island, Virgi-
nia, Ohio, Connecticut and Louisiana, the secretary
will lay them before you; as likewise a copy pf a
law of "the United'States, passed the 20th day of
April last, providing for the appointment of a colo-
nel, lieutenant-colonel and one major in each regi-
ment of militia, instead of one lieutenant-colonel to
eacli regiment, and one major to each battalion.
Considerations of some weight as it regards the
officers who are to be affected by the operation of
this law, may perhaps lead you to make some pro-
vision for carrying it into effect the present ses-
sion.
Should any thing of sufficient importance to re-
quire your immediate attention occur, I shall com-
municate the same by special message; and I shall
be happy to co-operate with you, gentlemen, in all
your efforts to promote the public good.
JOHN BROOKS.
June 5, 1816.
Property lost, captured, £c.
QJficeof claims for property lost, captured or destroyed,
whilst 111 the milit-iry service of the United States,
during' the late tuar,
WASHINGTON, JUNE 3, 1816,
NOTICE is hereby given, pursuant to the act of
the U uted States, passed the 9th day of April last,
ent'uied "An act to authorize the payment for pro-
perty lost, captured or destroyed while in the mili-
tary service of the United States, and for other pur-
poses," that all claims provided for by the said act,
must be presented at this office on or before the
ninth day of April, in the year 1818; and if not pre-
sented within that period, they cannot be received,
examined and decided on at this office.
FIRST CLASS OF CASES.
The claims provided for by the said act are, first,
"Any volunteer or drafted militiaman, whether of
cavalry, mounted riflemen, or infantry, who in the
then value of the horse so killed or dying. Bef ire.
any other evidence will be received, the claimant
must make oath that it is not i^ his power to procure
that which is above specified; and that the evidence
which he shall produce in lieu thereof, is the be-t
which he is able to obtain. In every case the evi-
dence must be on oath, and the value of the hor.:.~
so killed or dying ascertained. All evidence offered
must be taken and authenticated in the manner
icreinaficr directed, and in all these cases the.
claimant must declare on oath, that he has not
received another horse from any officer or agenl
of the government in lieu of the one lost.
3ECQVD CLASS OF CASES.
"Any person, whether of cavalry or mounted rifle
men, or volunteers, who in' the late war aforesaid,
has sustanined damage by the loss of uii horse in
consequence of the owner thereof being dismount
late
between the United States and Great Bri-
tain, has sustained damage by the loss of any horse
which was killed in battle, or which has died in
,
r separated and detached from the same by order
of the commanding officer, or in consequence of the
rider being killed or wounded in battle, shall be
allowed and paid the value of such horse at the
time he was received into the public service."
This class comprehends two descriptions of cases.
1st. When the owner has been dismounted or
separated from and detached from such horse by
order of the commanding officer.
2d. When the rider has been killed or wounded.
in battle, and the horse lost in consequence thereof.
The same evidence, in all respects, which is
required in the first class of cases will be required
in this.
THIRD CLASS OF CASES.
"Any person who, in the late war aforesaid, has
sustained damage by the loss, capture or destruction
by an enemy of any horse, mule, or waggon, cart,
boat, sleigh or harness, while such property was em-
ployed in the military service of the United States,
either by impressement or by contract, except in
cases where the risk to which the property would
be exposed, was agreed to be incurred by the owner,
if it shall appear that such loss, capture or destruc-
tion was without any fault or negligence of the
owner; and any person during the time aforesaid,
who has sustained damage by the death of such
horse, mule, or in consequence of failure on the
part of the United States to furnish sufficient forage
while in the service aforcsiiid shall be allowed and
paid the value thereof."
This class comprehends two cases.
1st, The loss or destruction of property by an
consequence of a wound therein received, or in! enemy, taken by impressment, or engaged by con-
consequence of failure on the part of the United j tract, in the military service of the United States,
States to furnish such horse with sufficient forage i being either an horse, a mule, an ox, waggon, cart,
while in the service of the United States, shall be 'boat, sleigh, or harness excepting articles for which
allovyed and paid the value of such horse." This the owners had agreed to run all risks, or which
provision comprehends three descriptions of cases, were lost or destroyed by the fault or neg-ligence of
1st. An horse killed in battle.
2d. An horse dying in consequence of a wound
received in battle.
3d. An horse dying in consequence of not being
furnished with sufficient forage by the United States.
To substantiate a claim of either description,
1st. The order of the government, authorizing
the employment of the corps to which the original
the owners.
2d. When an horse, mule or ox, so taken or em-
ployed, lias died from the failure of the United States
to furnish sufficient forage.
In the first of these cases, the claimant must pro-
duce the certificate of the officer or agent of the
United States who impressed or contracted for the
property above mentioned, and of the officer, or
claimant belonged, or the subsequent acceptance of I surviving officer, under whose immediate command
such corps, or approbation of its employment, must I it was taken or destroyed by an enemy. Such
be produced. j certificates, if such officers or agents at the time
2d. The certificate of the officers or surviving U>f giving them be not in the military service of the
officer, commanding the claimant at the time of
the accident on which the claim is founded, which
certificate, if not given while the officer was in
United States, must be sworn to, and must positively
state, that the property was not lost or destroyed
through the fault or negligence of the owner, and
the service of the United States, must be sworn to; that the owner did not agree to run all risks. Fur-
if practicable, ^tate the I thcrmore, the usual hire, of the articles so impressed
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 15,
or contracted for in the country in which they were
employed must be stated.
In the second case, the certificate of the officer
or agent of the United States under whose command
such horse, mule or ox, was employed at the time
of his death must be produced.
liefore any other evidence will be received, the
claimant must make oath that it is not in his power
to produce that which is above specified, and fur-
ther, that the evidence which he offers in lieu there-
of, is the best which he is able to obtain. In every
case the evidence must state distinctly the time,
place and manner of the loss, and the value thereof.
FOURTH CLASS OF CASIOS.
"Any person who, during the late war, has acted
in the military service of tlie United States, as a
volunteer or drafted militiaman, and who has fur-
nished himself with arms or accoutrements, and has
sustained loss by the capture or destruction of
them without any fault or negligence on his partj
shall be allowed and paid the value thereof."
This class comprehends two cases.
1st. The loss of such arms or accoutrements by
the enemy.
2d. The loss of the same articles in any other
way, without the fault or negligence of the ow'ner.
This provision does not include the clothing of
soldiers, or the clothing and arms of officers who,
In all services, furnish at their own risk their own.
The same evidence, in all respects, is required in
this as in the first class, and, moreover, that the
loss did not happen from the fault or negligence of
the owner.
"When any property has been impressed or ta-
ken by public authority, for the use or subsistence
of the army, during the late war, and the same shall
have been destroyed, lost or consumed, the owner
of such property shall 'be'paid the value thereof,
deducting therefrom the amount which has been
paid, or may be claimed, for the use and risk of the
same, while in the service aforesaid.51
This provision relates to every specjes of proper-
ty taken or impressed for the use and subsistence
of the army, not comprehended in any of the pre-
ceding classes, and which shall have been in any
manner, destroyed, lost or consumed by the armv,
including in its scope all kinds of provisions, forage,
fuel, articles for clothing, blankets, arms and am-
munitions, in fcct, every thing for the use and equip-
ment of an army.
In all these cases, the certificates of the officers
or agents of the United States, taking or impress-
ing any of the aforesaid, articles, authenticated by
the officer commanding the corps for whose use
they were taken or impressed — and, furthermore,
of the officers and agents under whose command
the same were destroyed, lost cr consumed, speci-
fying the value of the articles so taken or impressed
and destroyed, lost or consumed, and if any pay-
ment has been made for the use of the same, the
amount of such payment, and if no payment has
been made, the certificate must state that none has
been made.
Before any other evidence vill be received, the
claimant must make oath that it is not in his pow-
er to procure that which is above specified, and
further, that the evidence which he offers in lieu
thereof, is the best which" he is able to obtain.
Under this provision, no claim can be admitted
for any article which has not been taken by the or-
ders of the commandant of the corps for whose use
it may be stated to have been taken. For any ta-
ken not so authorized, the party's redress is
against the person committing it,
SIXTH ANJl LAST CLASS OF CASKS.
"When any person, during the late war, has sus-
:ained damage by the destruction of his house or
xi.ilding by the enemy, while the same was occu-
pied as a military deposit, under the authority of
an officer or agent of the United St..«es, he shall
e allowed or paid the amount of such damage; pro-
vided it shall appear that such occupation was the
cause of such destruction."
In tlcis case, the certificate of the officer or agent
of the United States, under whose authority any
sueh house or building was occupied, must be fur
lislied. Before any other evidence as to this fact
will be received, the claimant must make oath that
it is not in his power to procure such ceriih'cate,
and that the evidence which he shall offer in lieu
thereof, is the best which he is able to obtain.
furthermore, in all the cases submitted to this
office, every claim must be accompanied by a state-
ment, on oath, by every claimant, of all sums which
he may have received, on account of such claim,
from any officer, agent or department, of 1h
vernment of the United States, and where he has
received nothing, that fact also must be stated on
oath by him.
It will be particularly noted by claimants, that
the preceding rules of evidence general!) , and more
especially apply to" claims which shall not exceed in
amount two hundred dollars, and that in all cases
in which the claims in amount shall exceed two hun-
dred dollars, a special commissioner will be employ-
eel tp take testimony; but in these cases, as far as
it shall be practicable, the same rules of evidence
will be observed.
In all cases in which the officers or agents of the
United States, shaH have taken or impressed pro-
perty for the military service of the United States,
which property, so taken or impressed, shall hav<j
been paid for by them, out of their private funds,
or the' value thereof recovered from them in due
course of law, such officers or agents are entitled
to the same remuneration to which the original
owners of such property would be entitled, if such
payment'or recovery had not been made, and can set-
tle their claims at this office, producing authentic
vouchers for such payment or recovery. Nor will
any original claimants be paid through this office,
till they release all claims against such officers or
agents of the United States, on account of such
taking- or impressment.
In every case, no claim will be paid but to the
persons originally entitled to receive the same; or,
in case of his death, to his legal representative, or
in either event, attorney, duly appointed. When
attomies shall be employed, it is recommended to
the parties interested, to have their powers execut-
ed in due form.
All evidence offered must be sworn to, except the
certificates of officers, who, at the time of giving-
them, shall be in the military service of the United
States, before some judge of the United States, or of
tne states or territories of the United States, or mayor
or chief magistrate of any city, town or borough
within the same, or a jusiice of the peace of any
state or territory of the United States duly autho-
ised to administer oaths, of which authority, proof
must be furnisheti either by a certificate under the
seal of any state or territory, or the clerk or protho-
notary of any court within the same. But the seal
of any city, town or borough, or the attestation of
any judge of the United States will require no fur-
ther authentication.
An office is opened on Capitol Hill in the city of
Washington, in the building1 occupied by congress
' WEEKLY REGISTER— STATISTICAL SCRAPS, &c.
.luring its last session, for the reception of the fore
goingclaims.
The printers in the United Stales or territories
thereof, who are employed to print the laws of the
United States are requested to publish this notice
tor eight weeks successively, once a week, and send
their bills to this office for payment. _
All persons who have business with this office,
are requested to address their letters to the sub-
scriber as commissioner, which will be transmitted
tree of postage.
RICHARD BLAND LEE,
Commissioner of Claims, He
Statistical and other scraps.
PTUCKS ciTKUKNT — Cincinnati, Miy 13, 1816.
TSacon, 8 a 10 cent?; butter 18 ;; corn meal, bush.
57 A to 50; flour, best, per bbl. 4.50; gin, country,
g-af. 1.00; wool, common, Ib. 50; half blood merino,
75; full do. 1.00; wood per cord, 2.00; whiskey, old,
gal. 62A; wheat, bush. 62$. Then we have— cast-
ings [Cincinnati founderyf at 8 to 10 cents per Ib.
Oil [Cincinnati oil mill] 1.3ft per gal. Window glass,
all sizes [Cincinnati manufactory] 8 by 10, for ex-
ample, at"l4 dolls, per hundred sq. feet; loaf sugar.
[Cincinnati refinery] at 40 cts. per Ib. Porter, [Cin
cinna'i breweries j'9.00 per cask; lumber, [Cincinna
ti steam saw mill] various prices, Stc. &c. The price
of fresh meat in the market was, for beef, from 4
to 6 cents per Ib. pork, veal, mutton and lamb from
5 to 6.
Lexington, (Km.} May 8.- -The manufacturing
establishments in this town, have reached an emi
hence which ensures their permanent prosperity am
usefulness. The Lexington Woolen Manufactory
ended by Messrs. Prentiss's St Co. and Mr. San
ders's Cotton and Woolen Manufactory, are in sue
cessful operation, besides numerous other establish
ments, on a smaller scale, of cotton, hemp, &c. W
understand that at Mr. Sandevs's about 150 hand
are employed, who produce in manufactured art:
cles the value of 175 dollars per day, or 1050 do!
lars per week, consisting of cotton yarns, sheeting
shirting, bed ticking, counterpanes, table cloths, chain
braijS, cassinetts, sattinetts and woolen cords, &c.
At the Lexington Woolen Factory are manufac
turetl broad cloths, cassimers, funnels and blankets —
150 hands are employed; and it has also a steam
paper mill connected with it, which produces tha
article of very superior quality; a general suppb
both of writing and printing, is always on hanc
Another steam paper mill in the vicinity, owned b
Messrs. Stephens, Dallam &, Co. is also under goo<
management, and rivals the best establishments o
the kind in the United States. The three steam
mills for the manufacture of flour and corn mea
are so extensive as to ensure a 'constant supply o
those articles for our own and other markers
The people at large will be much benefited b
these institutions; and the citizens of this town an
neighbourhood have reason to be proud of them
We rejoice at their success — and hope they will b
supported by our fellow citizens generally, as the
regard the wealth and prosperity of the whole stat
The patriotic gentlemen concerned in erecting then
deserve the highest praise for the enterprize an
perseverance which they have displayed in su
mounting the numerous difficulties they have ha
*.o contend with.
We expect soon to be enabled to present tl
public with a more complete view of the mam
lacturing establishments of this town; which, w
are persuaded, will shew that we progress in work
nducing to the general prosperity and real in dc-
endence of our eountiy as fast as any other town in
e United States.
WILMI.VOTOK, N. C. — A statement of produce the
rowth and manufacture of the U. States, trans-
orted from Wilmington, N. C to other ports in.
ie United States, from the 1st of October, 1815, to
le 31st March, 1816:
23,650 bbls. tar; 1,100 do. turpentine; 2,500 do.
>sin; 400 do. pitch; 100 do. varnish; 250 casks spi-
ts turpentine; 2,900 bales cotton; 250 hhds. to-
acco; 220 casks flaxseed; 1,320 tierces rice; 5,650
ushels rough rice; 3,250 bbls. flour; 9,660 bushels
heat; 62 casks bees-wax; 11 hhds. tallow; 150 M
eet flooring boards; 13,000 W. O. staves.
Value of produce transported coastwise, within
le above period, §380,000.
STATKTVIKNT OF EXPORTS
ram the port of Wilmington, N. C. for six months,
commencing the 1st of October, 1815, and ending-
the 31st March, 1816 — the produce and manufac-
ture of the U. States:
*roduct of ivood — Lumber, (boards and hewn) $
and timber,, staves, shingles, hoops, &c. 157,20p
Yar>al stores — Tar, turpentine, spirits of
do, rosin, pitch, : : : : 131,000
Agriculture — Live cattle, as horses, hogs,
bacon, hams, 5cc. • 4,800
Tegetuble food— -Wheat, flour, Indian corn
and meal, : : : : : 29,500
Rice, ::;::: 48,000
Tobacco, :::::: 92,000
Cotton, :::::: 216,000
Flaxseed, : 54,000
Total amount of exports for 6 months 732,500
Value of produce transported coastwise,
within the same period, : : 380,000
g 1,1 12,500-
CADTZ. Importations from the United States at
Cadiz from the 1st January to the 14th March, of
the present year:
From Philadelphia— 6,637 bbls. flour; 17,500 pipe
staves; 2,000 bbl. do.
New Fork — 6,015 bbls. flour; 900 bushels corn;
37,000 pipe staves; 6,000 hhd. do.; 8000 bbl. do.
Baltimore— 16,222 bbls. flour; 100 bushels corn;
9,500 bbl. staves.
Alexandria— 8,518 barrels of flour; 65 tierces of
nee.
/Vor/e/fr— 3,000 bbls. of flour; 309 hhds. tobacco;
14,600 pipe staves; 37,000 hhd. do.
JVort/i Carolina*- 113,000 pipe staves; 1,200 bbl.
staves.
Gloucester — 134 bbls. flour; 89 tierces rice.
Charleston, f>. C. — 1,510 tierces of rice, 500 pipe
staves; 1,500 hhd. do.; 6,500 bbl. do.
Via Lisbon— 4,242 bbls. flour; 1,400 pipe staves;
3,360 bbl. do.
Teneriff't! — 35,000 pipe stave*.
Gibraltar — 3,000 pipe staves; 1,000 hhd. do.; 700
bbl. do.
Jlugusta, Georgia. In one clay, in November last,
there were counted in one street of Augusta, 150
waggons, which had brought into that city from
1000 to 1200 bales of cotton.
2,629 bales of cotton arrived at Savannah, from
Augusta in one day, viz. the 22d Nov. 1815, valued
at $188,100.
A WHALE. A vessel arrived at Boston, on the
22d or the 2d of April. Lat. 41, long. 71, fell in
with the wreck of the brig Philip, ""Chazal, from
Charleston for Bordeaux, and picked up the crew
S70 WILES* WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JUNE 15,
in the long boat, 15 souls in all — a French lady and for this purpose, he further contends, ought to be
five children who \vere passengers in the Philip.—-
Capt. Charal has given us the following particulars.
Sailed from Charleston, April 13, with a cargo of
cotton and rice? bound to Bordeaux. On he 24th,
lat 41 long. 45, was struck by a whale across the
stern, which rose immediately after, astern. By
the blow we received, the stem and cutwater were
laid athwart-ship to the starboard, from the scurf
of the keel to the scarf of the stern, v/hicii
immediately commenced; because, in case of -I'
the country will sustain an annual deU'rioiv. i s>.—
ft is said the work is to be published. — J\?'at. I '.
KIGUT SIUK OF THE ROAD AT SKA. From u London
paper. On the 9th November last, a trial eume OH
in the admiralty court, Doctor's Commons, London,
wherein the owners of a vessel from one of the
Yorkshire ports, were the appellants, and Mr. John
Mountain, of the Angel Inn, in Boston, and others,
foot above water: took in all sail, set both pumps [ were the respondents. The cause arose out of
at work, but the leak increased so fast, ihat in half j circumstance of Mr. .Mountain's vessel, tjie Jo ns
of that port, and a vessel of the appellants, the Fn-
gineer, being obliged by adverse weather, in prose-
cuting their voyage to London, to ply to windward;
and in one of their courses, it became evident that
the vessels would come in contact, unless one of
them bore up and put about on a different tack. —
Neither of them being disposed to haul to wind,
the vessels, as had been foreseen, ran foul of each
other, and the Engineer was overwhelmed in the
i i_ _ i - . ._ i ; . i i -i* . - ...
an hour the Water was above the cabin floor — hove
everything off deck — cut away the mainmast, and
tried experiments with blankets, &.c. to stop the
leak, but all in vain — got out the long boat and
threw in some clothing and provisions — the officers,
passengers and crew got into her. Next da}', fell
in with the Contest and were received on board.
26th, fell in with th.£ brig again — found her full of
v/ater, dead-lights out; sent a boat on board, but
was not able to save any thing but 4 bales of cot- shock) and immediately sunk; allowing just time
ton, the sea breaking over her; took in the boat and : enough to her crew to save themselves on board
abandoned her; supposed the cotton on board was
r.ll that kept her from sinking.
XE \V-YOIIK 'MARKETS.
Account of meat exposed for sale in the New- York
markets in the months January, February, March
and April last:
lleturn of Washington market, 'Richard Smith,
deputy clerk.
Sheep. Beeves. Calves. Hogs.
858 491 2Q2 371
575 394 296 242
319 447 948 102
222 312 1719 152
January
February
March
April
1973
1644
:165
867
Return of Fly-market, John Mimuse, deputy derk.
January 1544
February 1066
A f arch 554
April 501
3665
671
572
569
463
2275
225
485
1164
1948
220
158
157
134
669
of Catharine market, Nathan Eistnhwt, de-
January
February
March
April
830
626
161
28
putt/ clerk.
391
273
255
ISO
1099
79
108
480
1114
1781
9
25
27
32
93
of
1695
'1UTAL AMOUNT
5,018 beeves
8,763 calves
7,333 sheep and lambs
1,629 hogs.
The above produced a revenue to the city
S2000.
The Mississippi. A gentleman in Louisiana, we
are informed, by a correspondent in that country,
has written a work, the object of which is to
prove, that the Mississippi may be reduced with-
in its banks, and that the swamps of Louisiana may
be rendered dry and habitable; which tiie author
conceived he has completely established. He lias
also formed an estimate of the quantity of labor ne-
cessary for the above purposes, and computes that
part of it which will fall within the state of Lou-
isiana at less than has been expended on the levees.
The most practicable means of accomplishing the
above purposes, are laid down, as he conceives,
the Johns.
When the surviving vessel reached London she
was seized by "the court of admiralty, on the com-
plaint of the master of the Engineer, to abide a tri-
al of the case, which trial came on the day we men-
tioned— nearly a year after the accident. The case
resolved into an inquiry as to the tacks on which the
vessels were sailing; and judgment was pronounc-
ed in favor of the Johns; the court of admiralty
declaring, that the vessel on the starboard tack has
a right to keep her wind, and the vessel on the lar-
board tack is bound to bear up or heave about to
avoid danger, or must be answerable for any inju-
ry the vessel on the starboard tack may sustain by
their coming into contact. We understand that the
decision is important, and requires to be promul-
gated for tl;e information of masters of vessels ge-
nerally. The expeiices attending the trial have been
more than 300/. to the parties, besides the loss of
one of the vessels, aad the long detention of the
other.
ELKCTIOX STATISTICS.
County aggregate of votes for governor and lieutenant
governor of ^Massachusetts.
Bj-ooks. Dexter. Scat' ring.
Suffolk .
Essex .
Middlesex
Hampshire
Uampden
Bristol
Dukes' co.
Xan tucket ,
Plymouth
Barnstable .
Worcester
Berkshire .
Norfolk .
York .
Cumberland
Lincoln
Hancock
Kennebeck .
Oxford .
Somerset
Washington
Franklin
3561'
2076
6
5469
4241
6
3775
4950
14
3222
802
4
1883
1735
6
2517
2016
6
149
168
0,
173
296
0
2460
2497
5
618 ,
829
0
6768
4288
12*
2495
2575
5
1993
2754
12
1883
3273
0
O
2565
2720
5
2194
2786
9
1088
1798
3
1751
3020
8
1020
19-16
7
754
1010
3
287
223
0
2953
1372
8
Total
49578 47384 122
[The whole number of votes for lieutenant-po-
vernor is 95,991; hon. William Phillips 49,399;
with clearness and precision. The necessary works | honorable William King1, 46,118; and 474 scattering
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— STATISTICAL SCRAPS, &c. §71
The "Plantation votes
ilrooks; 463 for Dexter.
The official voles in towns rejected were— 317
for Brooks; 252 for Dexter.
SEPARATION OF MAINE.
The question as to the separation of the district
Dp Ainine from Massachusetts proper, \vas recently
submi ed to the people— and the votes for and
:igaiiisv a separation, were as follows:
rejected were— 113 for tally, and working racks and rack wheels either
with steam altogether, or by making use of the
Coniiiies.
Yeiut.
J\t\n>9.
Legal rote:
fork, : :
1363
899
6917
Cumberland
2065
1487
7509
Lincoln :
1428
1772
6952
Kenhebecfa :
2316
667
6034
Oxford : '
1446
566
3524
Somerset : :
758
283
2228
Hancock and Pe-
nobscot
908
684
3994
Washington
109
138
670
10393 6501
37828
Bv which it appears, that considerably less than
•>ne'iialf of the legal voters, voted on the important
occasion. The subject is now before the legisla-
ture of Massachusetts.
Inland carriage. Iv. is estimated, that in the eight
months, from April 1 to December 1, 1815, no less
than 356,000 dollars were paid at Pittsburgh alone,
for the carriage of goods brought to and unladen at
that to\vn, by "waggons, Irom the seaports of the At-
lantic. The value of the goods so brought was
supposed to be from three millions and a half to
four millions of dollars.
Loiuhn, February 11. — The following is a general
bill of all the christenings and burials in the me-
tropolis, from Dec. 13, 1814, to Dec. 12, 1815.
Christened in the 17 parishes without the walls,
499u— buried, 3864,
Christened in the 23 out-parishes in Middlesex
andSiury, 12,210— buried
Christened in the 10 par
ties of Westminster, 5124-
CilRISTEXED.
Males, 12,23 1> In all
Females, 11,133 5 23,364
Whereof
Under 2 years of age 5200
Between 2 and 5 1961
Five and 10 870
Ten and 20 677
Twenty and 30 1425
Thirty and 40 1824
Forty and 50 5075
Fifty and 60 1886
, 9685.
ishes in the city and liber-
— bviried 5226.
BURIED.
Males, 9882 £ In all
Females 9678 5 19,560
lave died,
Sixty and 70 1611
70 a: id 80 1221
SO and 90 674
90 and 100 167
100 , 2
1UO and 1 1
100 and <» 1
pressure of the atmosphere in the common mode,
lie lias also discovered a new mode of communi-
cating the rotary motion direct, by racks fitting
with spring teeth, which act in the teeth of the
•uck wheel on one side, and trail easy on the other.
NEW MODE FOR DRAWING A WAGGON. It is curious
to observe how long some of the simplest improve-
ments have remained undiscovered. The public
ittentionwas attracted on Saturday, to one which
night very reasonably have been looked for as soon
as carts and waggons were invented. All the world
knows that one-horse, fastened close to a carriage,
,vill draw a load that ten horses could not move,
if attached to it at a certain distance; and yet, no
>ne ever thought before of placing any portion of
the animal power, behind a waggon, to push it, till
Saturday, when one of the water-side heavy coal
waggons, with two of the horses shafted behind and
only two before, drew it up the greater part of the
steep towards the Strand, and before it readied the
summit, a fifth horse was put to, in order to shew
ow very completely five could do the work of se-
en. The load was afterwards drawn through the
streets with two before and two behind, exciting*
the admiration of the people, who, from the great
mplicity of the invention, were enabled to see in
a moment the intention as well as the obvious utili-
ty of the invention. — London pap.
SHAD ix A POND. Sunbury, Pa. April 19 — A strange
story is told by some respectable men from Maha-
oy — the story is this: that in the neighborhood of
Georgetown, lower Mahanoy, 2 miles from the river,
there is a pond of spring water, from which several
shad have been taken during the last winter. The
shad having been caught in this way, is accounted
for as follows: During the last spring, shad were
cleaned, and the roes or eggs thrown into the pond,
from which those shad generated.
Boston "notions." — A writer upon theatricals, in a
late Boston Gazette, after noticing "a violent up-
roar," which "disgraced" the theatre, makes the
following1 very sage and liberal remarks: "This dis •
graceful conduct was the more cts'onishiiisr as our
theatre has been so long and so justly celebrated
for the decorum of its visitants. We therefore
have every reason to hope that the Huston theatre
will continue to sustain that reputation for decencx
which is so UNVSUAL, not only in European thea-
tres but even in those of our SOUTHERN 20:1 CHI BOB?,
where debauchery, drunkenness and democracy, to re-
lax themselves, after the fatigue of performing the
farce of state, retire to the theatre to unbend their
minds in a new mode of -DISTURBANCE and a more
unrestrained celebration of their orgies.
Roanoke Navigation Company. It is now certain
that this company will be organized, and the work
of improving1 the navigation of one of the first ri-
vers in the Atlantic states will be soon commenced.,
Decreased in the burials this year, 223.
ARITHMETICAL MACHINE. A Polish Jew, named
Abraham Stern, has invented an arithmetical ma-
chine, arid has submitted his invention to examina-
tion, and had obtained a favorable report. It exe-
cutes all the four rules in whole numbers and frac-
tions, quicker than can be done upon paper. To
use it, nothing more is required, than to know the branches of the Roanoke risen from fifteen to twen-
tigures. When the machine b set, it performs the ty per cent. Commercial enterprize is turning its
operations, and gives notice when it is done, by u I attention to the towns on this river, and in a few
bell. The inventor is busy in preparing a machine years many millions of additional capital will be
to find the primary numbers. employed at Norfolk, Plymouth, Halifax and Dan-
Already have the prices of lands on the
mnny
Steam Engines. Mr. William Willis, of New-
Bedfbrd, Massachusetts, we are informed, has dis-
covered a new mode of constructing' steam engines
by having the steam cylinders Mid sieara cocks
worked bv wires, whic.i lead out or* the boiler
through small k.si/.s <»t'oil. He h*is also discover-
ed a mode of placing' ihe steam cylinders horizon-
ville. And extensive and fertile country, which
now sends its produce to Lynchburg and Peters-
burg, will find a market on the Dan, and give opu-
lence and importance to the town which shall draw
its trade. It is astonishing ho\v much the prospect
of improving the navigation of Cape Fear and th'e
Koanoke has enhanced the price of town lots. W L
372 NlLfeS' WfcEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 1816.
are informed that unimproved lots in the town o
Fayctteville, remote from the present seat of bus
ness, have been Intel}' sold at prices varying1 frorr
one to eleven thousand dollars. How would t!
\vealth of North Carolina be increased under tl
fostering1 protection of a liberal policy in the leg!
hture! — Raleigh Register.
Provisions. It is stated that in, some parts o
Connaught (Ireland) 1 c\vt. of pork, Icwt. of[oa
meal, and 1 cwt. of potatoes may all be bought fo
sue guinea. At these rates, it would be a good bi
siness to import such articles into the United State
— common fresh beef has* latterly sold as high a
30 cents per Ib. in the Baltimore" market, and th
general price now is 6 Ib. for a dollar, or at tha
rate— the best flour is 10$ per bbl. of 196 Ibs. an
potatoes are from 125 to 150 cents per bushel.
The Literary and Philosophical Society of Charles
ton recently made a respectful application to th
Lritish government for liberty to copy from the ol<
colonial records whatever might illustrate the an
cient condition and history of South Carolina, Af
ter frequent evasions, the request was refused. Wi
should not have expected this.
Arrived at the falls of the Ohio, the 4th ultimo
bound to Cincinnati, the barge Triton, 90 tons, Jf
Winters, master, from New-Orleans, to Baum, Slo
& Co. owners, of this place, full cargo, viz. 75,00(
IDS. Louisiana sugar, 100(J galls, molasses, 40 bbls
copperas, 10 do. shad, 10 do. mackarel, 40 boxe
codfish, 66 crates qucensware, assorted; logwooc
ar.u Swedish iron.
CHRONICLE.
Two veteran editors of newspapers have recent
ly died. Mr. .Ibijah Jldams, late senior proprietoi
of that undent and respectable print, the Hosioi
Chronicle; aged 62 years; and Mr. Anthony HasiveU
proprietor of the Green Mountain Fanner, publisl
cd atUurlington, Vt. in the 61st year of his age. —
They were both excellent men; ^true to their coun
try and just to their fellows."
^Meteorological remark. Rain having fallen on Mon
day, a. series of thirty-one years has elapsed ii
which it has invariably rained on the 19th or 20tl
May. Some time since, we heard the remark made
on this occurrence, and recollected it on Monday
last. The remarker, some thirty-one years ag'o, was
in the habit of passing the election week with his
• Is in Connecticut, and for seven years sat oii
< n this journey on the 19th or 20th May, and found
tliyt in all those years, in succession, lie was com
pelled to ride in the rain or stop. This occasioned
him to note annually the state of the weather on
chose days, and he has found that, for thirty -one
•years, it has invariably rained on the 19th or20il
»f May.
The ivestthervjisers may account for the fact, if
they call — we hive full confidence on the veracity
pf our informant. — Boston Centinel.
Fiskermvn — The British recently captured seve-
ral fishing vessels in the bay of 1'undy, and sent
them to Newfoundland, wherr they were released
with a caution against fishing there in future.
Died, a few days since, at his residence in Dor-
chester county, Maryland, Mr. John Mitchell, aged
405 years and 9 months.
Washington, June 6. — The president and his fami-
ly left this city yesterday for Montpelier, where it
if t expected he'will spend the summer months-, there
no public business, at this time, particularly
his attendance at the seat of government.
From Europe hardly a vessel reaches the Unitei'.
States without several passengers. There would
be an immense precipitation of people on our shores,
if the means were furnished to bring them hi- her;
millions would come. In the Hope, arrived at
Charleston from Nantz, were 28 passengers, chief-
ly laborers and country people, flying from the "de-
liverance" which delivered "three- fourths o/c-.w>.
busliel of -n'heat they raised, to the government."
A friend of the editor, lately returned from Ire-
land, had a curious hoa$ practised upon him by
some of his friends. They gave out, that he was
authorized to give free passages to 2 or 3,000 men
to America, and advised that those who wished to
embrace the offer should make immediate applica-
tion and not be put off, for that he would publicly
deny that he had any such objectin view. The con-
sequence was, that the house he lived in was in-
stantly, as it were, surrounded by a vast crowd of
people; day and night were they there, to beset him
in his private walks, after he had declared most so-
lemnly to them that they were deceived. He got
<o rest, and was actually compelled to le.-.ve the
leighborhood, secretly, for some time, to get clear of
.lie importunities of suffering humanity. lie says,
t appeared to him, as if he could have depopulated
:he country, except of officers, of the crown and the
andholders.
Jffnorance. In the letters of an American in Pa-
is, published in the Boston Daily Advertiser, the
vriter remarks— "The ignorance of our country, is
emarkable. A French cure, though a man of "con-
iderable education and science, inquired what lan-
guage we spoke in America, and // it ~vas the suva-
rev -vlio burned IVaahingion: The priest, doubtless,
.ffecled this "ignorance," to express his detesta-
iou of an act without parallel in the history of mo-
.e-.-n rimes, furious and destructive as have been
ts terrible wars.
Gen. Lallewand, who lately arrived at Philadel-
phia, is not the gentleman who accompanied JBona-
>urte on board the Bellorophon, and was sent to
ifalta. The latter is yet held, we believe, as a pri-
oner of war.
LOTH AFFAIRS. From a London paper. — There
eems to have been a considerable falling-off in mat-
ers of love us well as affairs in trade; a diminution
aving taken place this pairing season, of no less
han 17,000 valentines, compared with the two-pen*'
y office returns of the preceding year.
Mad. Garnerin travelled thirty-six leagues, in a
ight line, fr«m Paris, in a balloon, in three how, -,
. the 24th of April last.
Massena says, in his memoirs, that he had been jn
ve hundred combats. Marshal Davoust and Mer
n of (Donay) arc expected soon to arrive in the
nited .States.
WEST INDIKS. The following article is from a
amaica paper. \Ve do not know to what it parti
ularly ;.lludes; but there has been much discon-
;nt in that colony:
Kingston, (Jam.) Jpril 8. A correspondent sug-
ests, that as our mother country considers hcrWest
dia colonies a disgrace to her, it would be more
enerous to sell them to America than to destroy
lem. He has no doubt that the United States would
idertaketo pay off many millions of the national
ebt for such a transfer.
This island is at present in the state of ." con-
uered colony; all transfers and improvements of
•operty at a stand, all confidence destroyed, un-
l it is known whether or not we shall be "deliver-
1 into the hands of the cr
NINES' WEEKLY REGISTER.
No. 17 «F VOL. X.]
I5Ai;nVHiRK, S
, .JUNE 22, 1816.
[WIIOLK vo. 251.
HO.C oli/n meminisse juvalnt. — VIIUJTL.
riUNTKl) AM) PITlir.TSIIKU 11Y H. N1LES, AT THE HEAT) OF fllKAPSIUK, AT §5 PER ANXUM.
Among the manuscript articles lying1 over this) ter for just eulogy; hut many of its most excellent
week, is a copy of the late general (then major
Pike's project (under his own hand) for establish
ing- a COURT OF HONOII to prevent duelling- among
The officers of the army — politely forwarded to us
by a friend at Fort Hawkins; and" many stati$tica
and geographical facts respecting1 those now inte
i-esl ing- sections of the world, Mexico and South
Napoleon — " his mark/'
o *
09 * V. IS
* * ^ *5
l
_" •> S ~ E
"-p
:s -rǤ
-From ortfr signatures ive have seen, his emperor-
>hip must have been in very good humor for •umtin*
the mark" of which the above zsil
ir n ? SeW°"2 W<SrS ffraciously Pleased
Yeas and Nays.
In the present general want of common topics to
nterest or amuse our readers, we have much satis-
- i presenting to them the following- learned
ions e*say. or "Observations on the subject
Parliamentary Protests." TK:" i~^~---
vas written several years since
»,-..> 4 1 ^ • , 1 .
action in
md curious
provisions, for the causes just stated, have never
been pointed out as they deserve — among- the ma-
ny such, is that which requires a record of the
yeas and nays, on the demand of one-fifth of the
members present in congress. This enables the
people, in whom the sovereignty of the republic
lies, immediately, and with certainty, to ascertain
the fidelity of their representatives to their Dishes;
and tests individuals and parties. It is so common
for us to see and examine these, that the idea has
not, perhaps, entered the mind of one man i:i a
thousand that the practice prevails in no other le-
gislative bodies than those of the general and state
governments of the American union. The yeas and
nays are published in no other country. The mere
sum total is given in the proceedings of the British
ise of commons, and tiie right of protest, or pri-
vilege of entering a nay, is confined to the house
of lords.
This valuable provision, though it rests on the
constitution of the United States, did not commence
vith it, but grew out of the immemorial usage of
the colonial assemblies, and is a custom truly Ame-
rican. We are proud of it, for every one sees in it
a check against apostacy, as well as a security
against fraud — of which latter, a curious instance is
lOticed in the observations below. It is the touch-
tone, that brings forth the virtues, or exposes the
lefects of the individual members, and insures that
esponsibility in the representative that is lost by a
mere knowledge of what the majority did or refus-
ed to do.
It would gratify a laudable curiosity to ascertain
arli en and by whom the practice of calling the yeas
and nays in legislative bodies was first begun. "We
"lave spent some time on the subject without mak-
ing much progress to the desired result. But in
the course of our examination, we noticed the fol-
owing, which may add a little to the common
itock of information on the subject, and be of some
ise:
The Pennsylvania assembly of 1T7G, the last that
iat under the authority of the crown, was compos-
ed chiefly of proprietaries, and was understood to
)e unfriendly to the cause of liberty. There were
strong complaints urged against them at the time
hat they dissolved, and left the colony in that state
of anarchy and alarm, which drew forth Ihedeclara-
ion of independence: and the principal ground of
:hose complaints was, the mean and strange duplici-
ty they had used in publishing their votes and pro-
rentleman, with a view of collecting- together the
acts on the matter, for his own satisfaction An
lental conversation with him put it into our
> TK- i u . ~r~J'v" v W'S/ «««* uacw MI i-muiismng ineir voles uiicl i
inis laborious article ceedings. No az/es or nays were made known !
jce by a distinguished rectlvy during that whole session. Whenever
>ossession.
Hights, privileges and benefits, in ordinary pos-
essjonaml enjoyment, are seldom valued to i their
n iT
nd hfe are
are sensible of the good
,. , „ 'v-i.jujii, >Ji uic yoou
the presence of that luminary, but never ctlcu-
ate the evils that would result by its absence from
e system. And so it is in a thousand things of
e!^ m"m,ent ,to the business of life.
" constitution has afforded infinite jnat-
cor-
the
opposers of popular measures found that they could
not carry their purposes, they withdrew their ob-
jections to avoid public reprehension; so that the
printed votes were given only to deceive the peo-
ple, as some measures appeared to have been car-
ried unanimously where the house had been almost
equally divided. And to render the climax and
consistency of their fraud complete, they soin«-
times^ contrived, by some unaccountable means, to
make the public believe that their measures were
the very reverse of what they had determined on.
The congress of that day were patriotic; but it
was an embarrassing t«ne, and they contrived to
S/ 4i NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— S ATU11D AY, JUNE 22, 1816.
keep thear proceedings inviolably secret for seve
I'.'ii months. AYhat v. ould the apprehensions of the
people he, if such a course \vere to be pursin
this day)
A similar secrecy seems to have involved all the
proceeding's of the English parliament in early
limes. In* later times, though they have sunk into
corruption, and have cast off the principle of re'pre-
M ntuiion; yet they have improved in this one re-
spect— they have come more and more before the
public eve. In the memorable case that happened
hi the time of Richard II. of a bill brought forward
by sir Thomas Ilaxey, clerk, "to lessen the expenses
of the king, and to remove bishops and ladies from
t?ie court," even the king1 himself conld not disco-
ver the author of the bill until the commons were
compelled to surrender him.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE SUTUECT OF PAR-
LIAMENTARY PROTESTS.
The origin, nature and use of a protest in parlia-
itary proceeding's, lias not, that 1 know of, ever
been explained or defined by any one. The subject
&?es r.<;t appear to be fully understood and settled,
even in England, and of late it has so frequently
lit-cn introduced before the state legislatures, as to
deserve a more near and particular attention.
Protests have originated from the whole legisla-
tive bodr together; from any one branch; or from
ihe minoVily'of either of the deliberative branches.
The nature and objects of protests have been very-
various; they may 'be used either to express a dis-
satisfaction with the executive officers of the go-
vernment; or, as i solemn appeal to the people; or,
to shew that, the conduct of the protestors has grown
out of the peculiar circumstances of the case, and
therefore ought not to be drawn into precedent;
or, to express and record the dissent and reasons
of U>e minority against any measure that lias been
carried. "\Ve will notice them according to this
classification.
1. A protest has sometimes assumed the shape of
a charge or impeachment, as, in the year 1376, the
commons protested against the conduct of the
king's ministers — and this is said to be the first of
the kind — (I Parl. Hist. 320.) It is not improba-
ble that from this obscure beginning, the commons
derived their formidable right of impeachment,
T/hich was, for a time, so illy denned and unsettled
--(^Millar 'hist. Eng const. 237).
2. Upon several occasions a protest has been used
as a kind of solemn proclamation entered on the
-fourr«ds of the house, and intended as an appeal
lo the people against governmental encroachment
upon their rights and liberties, warning them to be
watchfUl of their immunities and to guard against
violations of the constitution. Such was that pro-
test of the commons which James I. in presence of
his counsel, with such despotic, silly rage, tore,
with his own bands, from the journals of the house
(see journal of the commons 1621, 18th December),
'f he protest of the house of lords in the reign of
Henry IV. (141)4) against referring cases of treason
to the judges, can, I should imagine, only be con-
sidered as ai\ appeal to the nation, in favor of what
ihev conceived to be the principles of the consti-
tution—(2 Parl. Hist. 78.) In the year 1642 Charles
1st delivered a speech and published his protesta-
tion at the head of his army, against the proceedings
of the parliament— (11 "Parl. Hist. 434.) These
kinds of protests, however, are rather to be con-
sidered as anomalies. They do not oft en Occur, and
ci» |e. IMve arisen mere out of .peculiar circum-
stances, than any settled principles of parliamentary
procedure.
3. That kind of protestation which lord Coke
defines to be "an exclusion of a conclusion" (Co..
Litt. 124, 6.) is much more common. The earliest
case of the sort I have met with took place in the.
year 1392, when the commons, reposing confidence
in Richard 2d, granted that he might with the
advice of the lords, nuke alterations in the statute
of provisors, but with this protest— "That as their
assent to this was, indeed, a novelty, they pruned
that it might no example."— (1 Parl. Hist. 450.)
In the reign of J^mes 1st (1621) a protestation waA
agreed to and entered on the journal of each house,,
that the case of Edward Lloycle should, on no occa-
sion, be considered as a precedent for the govern-
ment of parliament— (5 Parl. Hist. 435.) Many-
more instances might be adduced, in which the
lords and commons have had protests entered on
their journals, saving and reserving what they con-
ceived to be the rights and privileges of their respec-
tive bodies (5 P. II. 512—6 P. H. 332) at the com-
mencement of the American revolution, the govern-
or of Massachusetts convened the cololiial as-
sembly at Cambridge :— "The house resolved to
proceed to business from absolute necessity, protest-
ing against the restraint the general oovn-t w;is UrM
under to do it, out of Boston, which had ever been
the seat of government and was the only proper
and convenient place of assembling them." —
(1 Gordon's Hist. 202.)
4. It would appear that the lords were the first
to perceive the defective mode of keeping their
journals, and who felt the evils that arose from it.
Upon no occasion did the names of those who voted
either way upon any question appear upon record,
In consequence of which inconvenience arose — votes
and principles wore, sometimes, imputed to lords.
which were very injurious, and to which they were
heartily opposed; therefore, to prevent any incon*-
•uenience, as is always alleged, they demanded their
right before the question was put, to have their
protest entered; that is, to have their names re-
corded, as those who dissented from the measure _,
In the reign of Edward 6th, an act passed, establish-
ing an uniformity in religion; it is said several peers
protested against it, but nothing like what is at pre-
ent understood by a protest appears. — (3 Parl.
Hist. 234.) This mere entry of the names of the dis-
sentients, occurs very frequently, subsequent t»
that period, and is always called a protest, although
unaccompanied with a single syllable of reasoning
or argument (10 P. H. 218, 265, 330, 346, 364) and
indeed it is sometimes so entered. "The following1
lords (says the journal) entered their names as a.
protest"— IQ P. H. 420, 422). In the house of lords
about the year 1392, William Courteney, arch-
bishop of Canterbury, protested against the papa"J
power, setting forth his reasons at large, which lie
prayed might be entered on the roll — (1 P. H. 451).
Hut it does not appeal- that it ever was entered, and
it will also be recollected that, the rolls of parlia-
of ment arc very different from the journals; the one
is a solemn record of that which lias been assented
to, the other is a mere loose diary of what passes
the house and of modern invention. Except this
case, I have met with no instance of a protest of
anv description by the minority earlier than that of'
the reign of Edward 6th. In the year 1611 (Charles
1st) the hous'e of lords passed an order relating te
the manner of performing dime service, agvins:
which some lords protested and assigned th\ ir rea-
sons- "which protest, (says the historian) as it is the
kst of the Jcind we huve vet met with commands an
WEEKLY REG^ST RR--YEAS AN!) NAYS.
.insertion." The protest sets out \vilh stating that,
"having before putting the. question demanded our
tight of protestation, do .accordingly make our pro-
testation, &c.; then follow the reasons and the
names of the dissentients— (9 Parl. Hist. 494.) It
seems that this mode of entering- a protest was not
immediately matured into rightful privilege — for in
2645 a similar instance is noted thus : — "the first
protest of the lords with reason* in form that we
have met with for some years past" — (13 I1. H. 438).
In modern times, however, especially since the re-
volution of 1688, this mode of protesting1 in the
house of lords, has become extremely common
Will very well understood, Daring the reign of
William 3d, and his immediate successor, questioNs
were often debated with great animation and heat,
:»nd were not unfrequently followed by protests
drawn up in the most acrimonious and intemperate
language; when it became necessary, in some mea-
sure to control this right, as it had been called.
Many Instances occur, in which the objectionable
parts of the protest have been erased; and some,
where the whole protest has 'been expunged from
the journals, on account of its extreme scurrility
and indecency- Afrer its being ejected from the
journals, the' minority have sometimes had their
protest printed and distributed among the people
In hand bills— (Bui-net's Hist. Own Times, vol. 3,
p. 386 and vol. 4, p. 311 and 377). During the
American revolution, scarcely a single question
wus taken in the house of lords respecting the tax-
ation of the colonies, which was not followed by n
long and animated protest — (Gordon's Hist. Am.
11 v.)
The right of the minority to protest against the
iicts of the majority has become the settled law and
custoraof the house of lords, but from what cause,
I know not, the subject has been seldom mentioned
and, perhaps, never finally settled in the house of
commons. The forms and mode of proceeding are
substantially the same in both houses. A person is
chosen and approved by the king in each house, to
use the language of the old journals, as their mouth
or speaker. When any subject is introduced, it may
be argued or "disputed" — after which the question
Is put by the speaker; and if the decision cannot be
ascertained by the sound of the voices, the house is
required to divide, tellers are appointed, those in
the affirmative go forth and are counted, and then
those in -the negative; the numbers are reported to
the speaker who declares the result. In the house of
lords the expressions used are the contents and the
non-contents — i:i the commons they are called the
yeas and noes, but the manner of numbering the
members upon a division is the same in both houses.
Burnet relates a curious anecdote, respecting the
passage of the celebrated Habeas Corpus act, which
will illustrate the mode of proceeding in the house
of peers — '"The foi-mer parliament ^that of 1679)
had passed a very strict act for the due execution
of the Habeas Corpus, which was indeed all they
did: It was carried by an odd artifice in the house
of lords. Lo.'d Gray and lord Norris were named
to be the tellers: lord Norris being a man subject to
vapors, was not at all times attentive to what he
was doing: so a very fat lord coming in, lord Gray
covmted him- for toti as a jest at first — but seeing
lord Norris had not observed it, he went on with his
misreckoning of ten: so it was reported to the
house and declared that they who were for the bil
were the majority, though it, indeed, went on tin
other side: and by this means the bill past" —
(Hist. Own Times, vol. 2, p. 121).
As we consul ev the io^vnsls of our Irighly
sponsible assemblies so important and so necessa
0 be kept in a manner full :.nd expressive; I
nsertecl an extract from the oldest journal of the
nglish house of commons to be met with, in or-
lerto shew from what a rude, ill-fashioned sprout
he perspicuous and intelligent diaries of cur de-
iberative bodies have originated: — '•'! Edward 6,
nno 1547 — a note of the bills, when they were read
1 the commons house, in the first session — sir John
Jaker, knt. speaker. Tuesday, 8° Noveivrtms — The
ill for bringing up of poor men's children. Tues-
lay, 13* Novembris — The bill for destroying of*
ry of pikes and roches. r<J Decembris— 1*1 ie' bill
"or the reformation of tlie common laws of the
ealm. 5° Decembris-— The argument for refor-
mation of the laws of the realm. 10° Decembri:?
— The bill for vagabonds mid slavcx. It* Dec em -
iris — The bill for vagabonds and idle loitering
icrsons and slaves. 21 .Tannavii— It is ordered,
'hat -- Stone, one of the Burgesses, shall
e in ward by the scrjennt, and to be. kept with
im, that no man speak with him; and to be here
o-morrow, 2^*— It is ordered, That the serjeant
hall keep in ward John Stone. 33" — Articles of se-
nsation against John Story?, read. 24 — It is or-
.ered, That John Storie shall be committed to the
owc.r. 25 — It is ordered, That .Mr. Storie's wife
hull bring in her bill to-mori'ow. 26 — The bill
xhibited by Mrs. John Storie, is ordered to be de-
ivered to my lord protector's grace. 2° Martii— *
L letter from Mr. Storye in the tower of his sub-
mission — It is ordered, That the king's privy coun-
il in the nether -house, shall humbly declare unto
he lord protector's grace; that the resolution of
tie house is, that Mr. Story be enlarged, and at
berty, out of prison} and to require the king's ma-
esty to forgive him his offences in this Case in
vards his majesty and his council."— -(Sec the joui1-
als of the house of commons at large).
It was not until the year 1607, that the jdurnald
f the house of commons were directed to be re«-u»
arlykept, (3 Hume 227,) and at t!>.e same session
lie great question of the union of England and Scot'
and was fu-st agitated. The following extract will
hew the mode of taking- the yeas and nays upon
hat interesting occasion: — "5th June — Mr. Speaker
emembereth the dispute, appointed to be continued
his day, touching the clause of witnesses in the
>ill. Sir Robert Hitcham begun the argument, and
t was followed by Mr. Wentworth, Mr. Recorder1
)f London, Mr. Fuller, Mr. Serjeant Shirly, sir
Thomas Kavevyth, Mr. Marten, Mr. Hyde^ Mr?
Fate, sir Henry Wythenngton, Mr. Attorney Geirc*
•ill, sir Edv.'yn Sandys, Mr, Yelvertonj sir Roger1
Owen, Mr. Brooke, sir Antho' Copy, sir Francis Bar*.
•ington, Mr. Solicitor: ami in conclusion, a question
vis agreed to be mude— Quest. Whether the claim
ouchmg the allowance of witnesses shall be allow-
ed — The house upan this divided — Tellers with the
ice, sir John Hollts and sir1 Francis Goodwyn — Tel-
ers with the yea, sir William Harvye and sir Jflob4*
Oxenbridg-e— With the yea 107, with the noe l3i^
difference 32. So the clause resolved t(> stand as ,
t is. Upon a second question, the bill ordered to
be engrossed, without one negative." — (See ioi-r-
nals of the house of commons.) During that 'trou-
blesome and active period, included imdef the
reigns of the princes of the house of Stuart, ami
especially, under tho plastic energy of the long
parliament, tbe journals assumed nearly the form,
and all the fullness, of those of the present tif
It does not, however, appear that any other mode
ot entering, the yeas and nays, than
jo ttys forcjoin£ extract. feVer.
that exem •
^376
WEEKLY REGIS rEII— SATURDAY, JUNE 22, 1816.
and najs too frequently, as is said to have
practised in the former congress, the constitution (of
the United States) has set some reasonable limits
to the exercise of this power, by requiring that
at least one-fifth of the members present should
concur in the expediency of it." — (\.Tucker' s Black.
205.J
In short, from every thing I can learn upon this
subject, I am induced to believe that the commons
ought to have, as well as the lords, the right of
entering their protest, or the yeas and nays, for the
purpose of testifying-, as col. Hutchinson observed,
their public dissent from being included -with the ma-
jor part in any vote which is contrary to their opi-
nions and wishes. It Avill also follow, from what
has been said, that a protest, such as is now most
usual in the house of lords in England, is unneces-
sary, if not illegal, in either branch of any of our
legislative bodies; because, in all, the yeas and nays
may be entered at full length on the journals. But$
however correct this principle may be in theory,
such has not been the uniform practice in the
United States. I shall enumerate those instances of
making protestation which have come to my knoM"-
ledge.
Soon after the meeting of that august and illus-
trious body, the first American congress, at Phila-
delphia in the year 1774, they passed a resolution,
after much- debate,' approving of the opposition by
the inhabitants of Massachusetts-. Two of the mem-
bers, Galloway and Deane, not only opposed the re-
solution, but wanted to have their protests entered;
which being refused, on their return front congress
they gave 'each other a certificate, declaring their
opposition to that question as they thought it a
whether u yett remains there, or whether some| treasonable one."— rf Gordon*? Hist. vol. 1, p. 268.)
other of them golt it out, he knew not, but he much
\\oildered, afu-r tlu? change and scrutjnie into all
things, that he never beard the least mention
(.{' i' ." — ( Col. Ilittchiiison's memoirs, 298.) Hence it
will appear^that a precedent was s;et for introduc-
:,v i.- ilh or hou^e. So far, then, as analogy will
;:o, there is certainly as much reason why the mi-
nority should be permitted to protest in the one
house as in the other. Indeed, some of the lead-
;;u! most intelligent members of the long par-
•:;t, evident iv .',a.v. and felt the necessity of a
pro;est or a reform in the mode of entering the yeas
and nays upon the journals. Mrs. JIutcldnaon re-
jau-- the following circumstances relative to a pro-
test in the house of commons, entered by her 1ms-
band and some others: — At the time Charles I. fled
to the Isle of Wight, and was made prisoner by
Hammond in Carisbrook castle, the parliament was
divided into two xealous parties; the Presbyterians,
whose principal, if not sole, object was ecclesiasti-
cal pre-eniinence— and the Independents, who la-
boured to attain the permanent establishment of the
liberty of the people. The parliament sent com
T.i.s.'-ioners to the Isle of Wight to treat, with the
kins'!:; who, aft er some negotiation and being cajoled
by lus rn:.jcsty, reiurned with a treaty Which pro-
duced very high disputes. The commons sat up
most part of the night, when -at length it was voted
'.o accept of the king's concessions. Col. Hutchin-
son, and the principal independents, conceived that
both the c.".we and all those who, with an upright,
honest hear4, asserted and maintained it, were be-
trayed and sold for nothing; Accordingly, "when
the vole was past, he, telling some men of under-
standing, that he was not satisfied in conscience to
be included iwtJi the major part in this vote, which
\vas contrary to their former engagements to God,
but thought it Jit t to It-stifle their public dissent, he
and four more entered into the house-book a protes-
tation, against that night's votes and proceedings;
^
the right of protesting hi to the house of com-
il \\.\n common u:;e, or if made, that it proved abor-
tive. In no instance, is it even insinuated, that the
rirht of protesting grows out of the peculiar orga-
n of the house of lords, or that it has
ongi-
We may recollect that the old congress not only
permitted the yeas and nays to be called, but that
they had them "entered, as was thought, upon frivol-
ous occasions, or oftener than was necessary.
In January 1776, the provincial convention of New
Hampshire met, and in pursuance of Jie advice of
, but that no effort ha:; been since made to bring congress, proceed to vote "that this congress take up
i!' ihi. privilege w.is adopted in order' to prevent
peers from being exposed to improper imputations,
<;•.' Jrr-vn into difficulties,, how much more proper
it for the members of the house of commons,
civil government in form following,&c. against
a protest was brought in by several representatives,
stating, amongst others, the following as their rea-
sons, "that, it appears assuming for so small a co-
1 in any other way than from precedent, fashi- jlony to take the lead in a matter of so great import-
into custom, andmatured into privilege. Butjance, and that it appears too much like setting up
independency." — (2 Gordon's Hist. 12.) It does not
appear by what forms of procedure this convention
were governed — but it is most likely, those of the
British house of commons were their principal
who are highly responsible agents. The peer holds guides; if so, and their mode of taking the yeas and
his ;.e:;i for iue, and votes under a:» immediate re-jnays was adopted, the protest was perfectly con-
f.ponsibiiiiy to m> persons or po\ver whatever. The'sis'tent and proper.
commoner is a tcmporarv agent, accountable to his! I have seen in some of the public prints a protest
ftucnts. In ilie one case, the member alone is|that had been entered on the journals of the senate
interested in having his vote and reasons recorded; of Virginia, against certain resolutions that were
i'i the odier, not only the member, but the people passed in approbation of the conduct of Mr .Jefferson,
v.'i oin he represents, are deeply concerned. In as president of the United States; and, if I am not
A-.nerica the soic object of entering the yeas and
nays at large upon the journals is for the benefit of
the people, that they r.Kiy thence, witli certainty,
learn the conduct and opinions of their representa-
tives, and look to their rigi.ts accordingly. "In
ve government, (says TuckurJ it is of
ihe utmost consequence that the people should be
iufbn.ied of the conduct of their delegates indivi-
, ;is well as collectively. This purpose is
by the rule here spoken of — (the
'-•.'. to prt veni a cail,of^the ye^s
s he "wished to do this very thins:
tmt could not."
iuliv
V
mistaken, Mr. Cabell, governor of Virginia, pro-
tested in council against an address of the council
of that state to Mr. Monroe.
IN THE SENATE OF T'JK STATE OF WA.HTEAKD.
''November 24f/i, 1791.— On motion the question
was put, That the bill entitled, an act for the relkT
of Samuel Sierrett of Baltimore town, be read a.
second time for the purpose of being committed;1
which v.as determined in the affirmative, and Ben-
jamin Sipdde.t, William Mindman and 3a
M'Henry, esquires, were appointed a committee
for that p. irpo.se.
The honorable George Dent and Charles Carre*.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—NEW-ORLEANS.
of Carrolllon, esquires, inform tlie senate of their in
tention of protesting against the foregoing- motion —
Whereupon, George Dent, esquire, filed the fol
lowing :
Dissentient — Because the second reading of the
said bill had been previously postponed by the se
flate, if not for the express purpose of introducing
a g-eneral svstern with respect to insolvencies; be-
cause I conceive the general act can comprehend
and provide for the case of Mr. Sterett in as ample
a manner as a private act can; and because acting
on this bill before the general bill is reported and
decided on, will open the door to every individual
applicant now before the legislature in as much as
no distinction ought, in my judgment, to be made
between his and other applications.
GEORGE DENT.
November 26th, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton,
esquire, delivers his protest against the second
reading of the bill, entitled an act, &c." The protest
is long, assigning the same reason as Mr. Dent, and
it also alledges that the power of granting relief in
such cases belongs exclusively to congress by virtue
the constitution respecting a
of the clause in
respecting a gene.
ral bankrupt system.— [See Journals of the Senate of for giving the right, are manifestly the same as in
J\J(tryland.~\
In the house of delegates of Maryland, on the 3d
December, 1808— "Ordered, That those who voted
against the resolutions recommending the repeal of
the law enacted by congress, imposing an embargo,
•which passed this bouse on the 26th ultimo, may
now have leave to enter their protest in writing
against the same on the journals of this house, to-
gelher with their names.— Ordered, That the same
have a second reading on Friday next" — when it
was accordingly read a second time and negatived
by 39 to 30.
When this case occurred in the house of dela-
gates it seemed to be admitted that it was right and
proper in the senate to permit .a protest to be en-
tered, but not in the house of delegates. It was
urged that there was no difference, in this respect,
between the two houses of the Maryland legisla-
ture; either as to the individual or collective rights
of the members on the general course of proce-
dure. That the constitution had created both
branches and had recognised no privilege in the
one, which the other did not enjoy. The senate
had set the example and admitted a protest on their
journals — The minority in the house of delegates
had a right to expect a similar indulgence. The
idea of its being an expensive incumbrance, should
have no weight, because if such an argument were
pressed forward, it would go to prove that, the
journals themselves were useless and unnecessary,
or, vhat would be the next thing to it, that, they
should be so much curtailed as to be utterly un-
intelligible to the generality of the people. The
chief use and great object in keeping tlie journals, is
not for the members, but for the benefit of the people,
that they may have a perspicuous and faithful guide
to aid them in the important enquiry whether their
public servants and representatives have discharg-
ed the trust reposed in them well or ill — But a no-
tion appeared to be taken up that similar distinc-
tions applied to the senate and house of delagates
of Maryland that had been established between the
lords and commons of England; where, in the one
house a protest was admitted but not in the other —
and upon this mistaken analogy the decision of the
house was, in my opinion, principally founded.— It
will be proper here to remark that the constitution of
Maryland contains no provision respecting the call-
'. merely provides "that
each house shall settle its own rules of proceed-
ing." By virtue of which, rules are established a":
the commencement of every new legislature — Tint
it has been a rule, T believe ever since the govern-
ment was organized that, any three members in the
house of delegates and any one in the senate, mav
have the yeas and nays entered on the journals.
By the 26th article of the constitution of Maryland
the governor and council are directed to enter'their
proceedings on record, "to any part whereof, (it
is provided) any member may enter 1m dissent" —
In the year
a law of the state required that
each member of congress should be a rtsi-lent of the
district in which lie was chosen. Mr. Wm. Pinck-
ney, who was not a resident of Prince George's dis-
trict, obtained the greatest portion of votes there.
The governor and a majority of the council de-
clared the state law to be unconstitutional and re-
turned Mr. Pinkney duly elected. Mr. John Kilty-
dissented from the determination of his fellow coun-
cillors and had his protest setting forth his reason.-,
and opinions very much at large, entered upon the
journals of the council. But the right. to protest
is expressly given. The object and reasons too,
they disapproved of.— In New Hampshire,
husetts, Virginia, North Corolina and in
the English house of lords; to secure the members
from being implicated or charged with measuve ;
which, they d'
Massachusetts
Vermont there is an executive council analogous to
that of Maryland, and the constitution of each of
those states contains a similar provision, that any
member may have his protest entered on the jour-
,,.!,, T— ~11 4.1- — ,. _ /I • » *^
lals.
In all those states the council are resp"
Me to, and in some of them may be impeached and
punished for misconduct by the represesentative
iody.
By a paragrap
in a bill which was before the
Massachusetts house of representatives during its
session in the year 1783, and afterwards 'passed in-
to a law, cases were submitted to the sole judgment
of two justice's of peace, that ought to have been
left to the determination of a jury — a long pro-
est assigning many reasons against the passage of
the law was signed b) twenty-five members and en-
tered on the journals — (Gordon's Hist. vol. 3 p. 587.)
New-Orleans.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE WEKKLY REGISTER.
SIR — An extract has appeared in your paper, from
volume which I published some years ago, entit-
led, "Views of Louisiana." The situation of that.
interesting city, New -Orleans, the future emporium
of the west, will excuse me for publishing, through
your paper, some further particulars respecting the.
embankments of the Mississippi. I have seen in
the gazettes, and hav.e heard in conversation, very
considerable exaggerations, both of the injury sus-
tained by that city, and of permanent disadv.mta
ges to which the people inhabiting the banks of the-
Mississippi must always be subject. The tempo-
rary Bufferings of the inhabitants of New-Orleans,
and its vicinity, will unquestionably be very great.
The poorer class who inhabit the back streets, us
well us all who reside in the suburbs, will sufler
beyond any thing we can well conceive. The beait-
ciful gardens, on the road to the bayou St. John, wiil
be seriously injured, and hundreds of poor indus-
trious people, who raise vegetables for the market,
vill be ruined. These, misfortunes, however, the
ity of New-Orleans might in a few years repair,
mt she cannot so easily change the character which
;hc v;iH acouive r'.h-o'ul. '<? iK-.i^;; unavoidably
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 22, 181C.
ject to the recurrence of so dreadful a calamity. It
is this which will endanger her prosperity, much
jnore than the floods of the river: and it is with a
view of encountering1 the public opinion, on this
subject, that 1 take the liberty of coming1 forward
to suggest a few ideas, the result of my observa-
tions while in that country, I will premise, how-
ever, that with respect to any unusual sickness be-
ing- caused by the inundation, I do not think there
is muqh to apprehend; the sickly season does not
commence until the Mississippi has retired within
its banks, and long before this time, the water
•which found its way through the crevasse, will sink,
evaporate, or flow to the swamps: a few day are suf-
ficient for this purpose. The principal cause of
unhealthiness jr. Louisiana, is the quantity of slime
let", on the banks of the river, the stagnant water
between the double levees, and the miasma of the
swamps; therefore, to assign such important effects
to so slight a cause, as that of a few hundred acres
pf land, being covered for a tjme with fresh water,
iniglit almost appear absurd. I do not pretend that
there is nothing to apprehend; great care must be
taken when the river begins to subside, that the
•water be drained off before jt can stagnate, and
(that the animal and vegetable exuvise, left around
the city, be destroyed before the action of the sun
can render it putrid, All this is of so little conse-
quence, compared to the permanent causes of de-
cease in Louisiana, that I do not apprehend from it
any thing extraordinary. There is also a favorable
circumstance, which will tend to lessen the danger;
it is observed, as one of those providential dispen-
sations which alleviate human calamities, that the
moment the Mississippi begins to subside, there are
daily showers, which wash the slime from the banks,
freshen the air, and preserve the waters left by the
river in a state of purity, until the greater part is
evaporated or drained: and, as I have already ob-
served, the city and its environs will be entirely
dry, before the existence of that state of the atmos-
phere, in which there is a general prevalence ol
fevers. Thus much, as to the extent of the pre-
sent and probable suffering to which the city o
New-Orleans has been unhappily exposed. As tc
any permanent injury that must resolve itself into
the simple question, whether the artificial banks
of the Mississippi can he so secured as to prevent
a recurrence of the calamity in future? Of this
1 never had the least doubt, ft has only beew a
matter of astonishment to me, that so littfe shoulc
have been done towards an object so important
} could only account for it from that total wan
of public spirit which is observed in all colonies
jt was not until after we had gained our indt-pen
deuce, that we bethought ourselves of building
noble bridges, of making vast turnpike roads, o
digging p.inals and effecting other national works
and surely it is not likely that such a government ai
Spain, would encourage public spirit in her colo
pies ! In the volume, which J published, it was m
endeavor to call the public attention to this ver
{subject, but the unhappy feuds which prevailed, am
|he apathy to every thing which did not concen
their interest as individuals, rendered it useless. —
The closing scene pf the last war, in winch Loui
siana covered herself with glory, has produced
total change in the character of the people, who be
gin to entertain a just pride of country, and publii
spirit will soon manifest itself in united efforts, fo
{heir safety and prosperity. That individual nar
now feeling, which cares nothing for the suffering
pf others, provided self is safe, will soon, I trust
disappear for ever. The misfortune Of New-Qr
cans will result in a benefit to her and to the stale
n appeal to the senses, and to our dearest inter-,
s better attended to, than an appeal to the under-
tanding. The eyes of the inhabitants, will s<
e opened, and they will resolve to escape fron) that
abitual security, fraught with so much evil, in
fhich they have heretofore reposed ; something*
/ill now be done in earnest, which will not only
ender the banks of the river safe against the floods,
itit even preserve the state from the visitations o£
lisease.
The first thing to be done, is the formation of a
ompany on the most extensive scale : numbers on
he western waters, and through the United States,
would readily join. A capital of several millions
;ould be formed, though a much smaller sum would
uflice, for securing the safety and health of the
nbabitants on the river; but in doing- this effectually,
arge tracts of the most valuable land would be
reclaimed: and this ought to furnish an inducement
to the general government to contribute to its aid.
The first step, would be to open the larger natural
sluices, such as the Atchafalaya, which is now
almost closed up, and which has been the principal
;ause of the great rise in the waters for some years
past; the next, will be to make a sufficient number
of artificial sluices, so as to afford outlets at short
ntervals; there will then be less occasion for aug-
menting the embankments, but this should, never-
heless, be attended to, as the chief dependence for
ecurity. Here I nnist repeat, that nothing is more
>racticable than the erection of complete and safe
embankments; these works are yet in their rudest
state here, and they afford ample proof of the facility
.vith which those of sufficient strength may be ac-
complished. There is no need of immense dykes or
mounds like those of Holland ; even with the slender
evees which at present exist, Louisiana can never
suffer so much a>s that country has experienced, on
several occasions, within a few years past. We hear
of two hundred villages being overflowed, and thou-
sands perishing; this is an extent of calamity that
can never happen on the Mississippi, which al-
though, one of the mightiest and most magnificent
rivers in the world, is one of the most gentle and
easily guided. The annual flood of the river, bears
no resemblance to the sudden, violent and irregular
swelling- of the Rhine or the Elb; it rises slowly and
gradually, and so regularly, that in lower Louisiana
it seldom varies more than a few inches. There is
10 danger from those sudden and extraordinary
freshes, which unexpectedly pass over the banks
with irresistible violence. This mighty river can be
more easily restrained within its banks, than some
petty streams which at certain seasons, scarcely
contain a sufficiency of water to navigate a canoe.
In most places, the present levees, though slight,
will answer all the purposes required. Jn order to
explain, it will be necessary to give some little de-
scription of the river. It is remarkable for its nu-
merous sinuosities; every few miles it changes its
course; forming numerous points and bends : it may
be easily imagined, that the force of the current,
in the points and in the bends, is very different.
The whole force of the current usually falls in the
middle of the bend, washes the bank steep, and
often undermining it, causes considerable portions of
the earth to tumble in, particularly above Natchez;
for as we approach the lower part of the river, and
for some distance above New-Orleans, it is enclosed
by a very stiff and tenacious clay which resists in a
great measure the action of the water. It is in
those bends that the bursting of the levee always
takes place; this I think can be remedied by the'
FILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-LEGISLATtmE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 37 §
"imple precaution of having double levees : the se-
cond at the distance of 20 or 30 yards from the first.
Instead of this, we see in many places, the levee on the
very brink of the river, and continually crumbling in-
to the water. The moment the current approaches
the first levee, there ought to be another thrown up
infthe rear. Instead of this, for miles along the river,
there is nothing but this single slender mound, to
resist the whole force of the current of this vast
river; a mound, which would not be considered
sufficient to keep the tide out of the salt marshes
•f the Atlantic rivers. Round the points there is
Tittle or no current,and besides a batture or sand bur
usually stretches out from it, protecting it from un-
dermining; here the levee does not require to be
very strong; 1 know many places, where the plant-
er is perfectly seciire with a levee of two or three
feet high, and not more than five or six feet at
the base. - In stating these particulars, I only
mean to shew, that, comparatively, nothing has
yet been done to secure the banks of the river,
and that if this work were properly undertaken, it
eould beyond all possible doubt, "be carried into
complete execution; and that the inhabitants of
this river, would be as safe from inundation as those
«f any other in the United States; and that, with
respect to New-Orleans, a calamity like the present
may never occur again.
. I have examined the ground upon which the city
«»f New-Orleans is built^ with some atteotion; it is
built round the bend for the sake of enjoying the
advantage of the eddy in point, as a harbor, and on
account of the greater vieinity to the Bayou St.
John, the harbor for vessels sailing in the lakes. —
The ground is, however, by no means the best, the
land in the point, just above it, being higher and
more safe; the land of the point is probably at this
moment, far the greater part, dry; the water of the
crevasse, at the bend 6 miles above the city, rushes
directly across towards that on which the city
stands, leaving the point, on which there ^are some
very valuable plantations, as it were, cut off from
the main land. The place at which the water has
broken through, has always been considered the
most difficult to protect on the whole river; former-
ly, it used to break here every year — but it was
thought for some years past, to have been made per-
fectly secure; and from all accounts, it appears that
much of what has happened, is to be attributed to
indolent security and blam cable negligence. The
city was formerly surrounded by ramparts, so that
no inundation could affect it; but after the change
of government, they were levelled, and a sufficient
safeguard was not provided at McCarthy's, the con-
sequence of which that unhappy city now feels.
Should anything I have here stated, tend to coun-
teract the prevailing opinion of a permanent and ir-
take this opportunity of manifesting- their generosi-
ty, by contributing some assistance to the poor nn<i
distressed inhabitants of a sister city, which h;<s
>een visited by a deluge utmost as dreadful in ils
fleets, as a general conflagration.
IT. M. BRACKENRIDCK.
Baltimore, June 19, 1816.
Legislature of New-Hampshire,
GOVEKXOR'S SPEECH.
Fellow-citizens of the sfiifita and
Jl'jiiae of reftresevtatirea.
In. meeting the legislature at this time, I cannot
omit congratulating you on the prosperous r.ondi--
ion of our common country. When, on a former
occasion, I had the honor of addressing the t\vo
louses, the United States were involved in an
duous struggle with a nation, that of all others, had
the means of inflicting on us the greatest injui-
But the brilliant achievements of our fellow-citi-
zens, both by sea and land, have nobly sustained
xnd increased our former reputation for enterpri/e
•xnd valor; and by the signal proofs which we gave,
of a firm and resolute determination to defend, at
all hazards, our violated rights, we have, with tli"
blessing of Heaven, raised our public character in the
estimation of other nations, and obtained an hono-
rable peace. The war with Algiers, which has ter-
ninated since the last session, has emblazoned with
dditional glory the arms of the United Stuk-p.
The disgraceful tribute which the pirates of Afrk
nave exacted from all civilized nations trading in
the Mediterranean, has been successfully resisted
by the Uniled States; and the people of this coun-
try, s,o long distinguished for their peaceful habits,
have set an example in war, which the nations of
Europe cannot fail to admire, and which I hope
they will eventually imitate. Hut though our dispo-
sition, habits and interest render us pacific, yet the
amiable spirit of peace, accompanied by a co'irs
of impartial justice, is not of it:-e!f sufficient to
insure a
against the
permanent state of public tranquillity
e encroachments and raacit of other
nations. It is therefore our duty in time of peace
to make the necessary preparations for war. Those
preparations have not only a natural tendency to
prolong the blessings of peace, but enable a nation,
when the calamities of war can no longer be avoul*
ed, to vindicate its rights an,d avenge its wrongs
with great advantage. (
Though the constitution of the United States has
given to the general government, the principal au-
thority of making these preparations, yet. we .also
have a duty to perform: we are bound to improve
the state a'nd condition of the militia, which our
constitution considers, when "well ivgulated," as
11 <• ^
_____
reparable injury to the city of New-Orleans; an op in- (our most "proper, natural and sure means ot' de-
ion which might materially affect her future pros- 1 fence." To render the militia efficient, it is abso-
perity, I shall think myself peculiarly fortunate. — lute
: myself peculiarly fo
The present site is, in many respects, an admirable
one; except that of Baton Rouge, which is too high
up the river, there is none to be compared with it
on the lower Mississippi; it is open on one side to
the trade of the lakes, and the fine country on their
borders, of West Florida and Mississippi territory,
cly necessary that they should be well artned
and well disciplined; without these, the efforts of
the bravest men will prove unavailing. In our late
war the deficiency of arms was severely feit; and
sound policy requires we should make such pro-
vision as will in future prevent a recurrence of this
evil. In one respect there is a diflerende, which
of the Mobile and its numerous waters', of Pens'*- ought not to exist, between our laws and those of
cola, &.c. and on the other it is the great depot ofl the United States. According to the former, tho-
the western world. An immense city must rise in trainband is to be composed of -men between ihe
this place, in spite of these partial calamities, for I ages of sixteen and forty; but by the biter, of thove
am firmly of opinion, that although the present suf- ! between the ages of eighteen :i-:id forty-five. As the
fering will be immense, that it will ultimately prove constitution of the' United States gives to confess
a general benefit. It would be well worthy of our the authority of organizing the militia, our laus ou
jellovv-citizens throughout the United States, to this stJbject"ou^ht to confoftft to that of tlie Umted
382 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, MINE 22, 1816,
expressly provided that the president, trustees, pro-
fessors,, tutors and other officers shall take the oath
of allegiance to the British king; but if the laws
of the United States, as well as those of New-Hamp-
shire, abolished by implication that part of the
charter, much more might they have done it direct-
ly and by express words. These facts shew the au-
thority of the legislature to interfere upon this sub-
ject; and I trust you will make such further provi-
sions as will render this important institution more
useful to mankind.
The constitution imperiously
inires that "the
Journals of the proceedings, and all public acts of
' tM>th houses 6*f the legislature, shall be printed and
published immediately after every adjournment or
prorogation." Instances have too often occurred,
in which not only the journals, but laws, which the
people are bound to obey, have not been printed or
published till after the lapse of several months from
the adjournment, but I presume you will take the
ncsessary measures to prevent a recurrence of this
evil.
As it will be necessary the next year, to pass a
new proportion act, for the assessment of public
taxes, it is incumbent on the present legislature to
adopt preparatory measures to effect it. From the
report of the treasurer, you will ascertain the state
UATTl's DHESS
Consists of petticoat of white satin, nchV em-
broidered in gold sun flowers, terminating at the
bottom with broad gold fringe, the train ^f white
satin, embroidered like the petticoat, looked up on
each side (to form a drapery) with gold cassels and
bullion; a beautiful gold net fulls from the left
shoulder, and fastened under the ri^»t arm, held
up by large cords of bullion over the shoulders; the
corners and edges finished with tass«l fringe; a rich
plume of white feathers, ornamented by combs of
mmense value, completes the dress. This dress
may be considered as a Chef d' Oeiivrem the court
dress style, being by far the richest and most ele-
gant ever made in this or any other country.
THE PRINCESSES' DRESSES.
The First — A petticoat of lilac satin, richly trim-
med with three rows of gold and silver fringe, so
arranged to form draperies, the body ornamented
'n like manner finished at the bosom with a gold
and silver cestus, with a finely executed rose, from
which is suspended an elegant sash of gold and
ilrer net; the train is of silver tissue, richly em-
broidered round the bottom with large leaves in
jreen chenille (the veins of the leaves in gold) and
large red roses; the sleeves are of silver tissue,
each with a flower, the same is round the train; a
of the treasury, and decide whether a supply bill is very beautiful frog and tassels finishes the back; the
necessary. whole trimmed all around with erold and silver
necessary
Our business, as legislators, is to redress the
grievances and make laws to secure the rights of
the people. If to this work we bring a right temper
and disposition of mind, we shall find the path of
duty clear and plain. We are the representatives
of an important member of the only great republic
that now exists. The principles of our policy should
therefore be just and liberal, and our views ex-
tended beyond the interest and feelings of thepre-
.sent moment. As we are legislating for future
times, we cannot too often reflect, what judgment
posterity will pass on our public character, when
the spirit of party shall subside, and the passions
and petty interests of the present times are forgot-
ten. A great man of our nation, not less distin-
guished for unaffected piety than for real patriotism,
observed, that the judgment of posterity should he to
the statesman^ ivhat the final judgment is to the Chris-
tian. And let us never forget, that office, however
.exalted, titles, however splendid, and emoluments,
however great, can confer no honor on the officer,
unless he faithfully discharges the duty of his trust;
gold and silver
fringe to correspond with the petticoat.
The Second — A pink corded satin petticoat and
train, the petticoat covered with beautiful blond
lace, richly worked in silver, the bottom embroider-
ed with scollops in silver lama, looped up on each
side with large bunches of French flowers, roses
and liliies of the valley; the train ornamented at the
bottom with an elegant wreathing of silver hoops and
French roses terminated by a broad blond lace-
worked in silver lama, like the petticoat; the
sleeves richly embroidered in silver, as also the
body, which is finished at the bosom with a silver
ceatus. From the left shoulder depends a rich
drapery of blond and silver, finished on the right
side by a very beautiful wreath of roses and tther
flowers.
A state carriage for the king of Hayti has been con-
structed as follows : — The body is formed peculiarly
for the country, the front projecting for the purpose
of shade, the lining of the richest velvet, embroider-
ed with the star of the order of St. Henry; the trim-
mings of pure gold. In the centre of the roof is a
.and that a faithless man raised to office, is but the j beautiful embroidered star of the order; the drapery
herald of his own disgrace, and the scourge of .fringed with gold of immense richness. The paint-
those who clothed him with power. If the people
have placed us in authority, it is to promote their
interest, not our own, that we are bound to act.
I will only added, I shall cheerfully concur in such
measures as you may adopt for the good of our
country.
State of N
WILLIAM PLUMER.
•Hampshire, June 6, 1816.
ing of the body is most exquisitely executed, the
lower pannels being painted the royal color, ce-
lestial blue : the arms beautifully painted, sur-
rounded with ornaments and encircled with an ele-
gant border of flower. The upper pannels are
covered with a mosaick net work, enriched with
military and naval trophies : the cornice to the. roof
is extremely rich, terminating with phoenixes at
each corner, and besides supported with emble-
matical figures of Liberty, Justice, and Fortitude,
and surmounted with the royal crown; rich gilt
[mouldings surround the framed work of the body;
The following articles cannot fun of amusing our the lamps are peculiarly constructed and of grand
readers. The connoisseurs in these matters must appearance. The carriage part, which is a crane
determine whether the Hmjtian Queen, or the heir lor swan necked, appears one mass of exquisite
apparent of the British throne, exceeds in splendor, j figures and ornaments, particularly the hind stan-
Idards, where lions, supporting the arms, are sur-
mounted with trophies and crowns, and elevated
on blocks of excellent workmanship The seat ;tnd
forepart, resembling the lion's standards are solidly
gilt. The brace and every orrtamcnt correspond.
Royal Dresses, &c.
FIIOJI
HAYTI AX
ON PAPERS.
COURT DRESSES.
Very superb dresses for the queen and princesses
pf Hayti, have just been finished by one of our
fashionable dress makers. They are as; folio u :—
NINES' WEEKLY REGISTER— ESCAPE OF LAVALETTE. 383
•Hh equal grandeur. There are besides, harness
)r eight horses, which, for grandeur and elegance,
xceed description •. it appears a mass of silver, in
/hicli is displayed the nicest art of embossing. The
•ridles, surmounted with rich plumes of feathers.,
:orre.spond in taste and elegance with the carriage,
['here are also twenty-two other carriages and har-
icss for 119 horses, for the royal family and nobility,
cirticularly three for the prince and princesses.
'RINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES' WED-
DING DRESS AND JEWELLERY.
Till- DHKSS.
1. The wedding dress is a slip of white and sil-
'er atlas, worn under a dress of transparent silk
let elegantly embroidered is silver lama, with a
wrdev'to correspond, tastefully worked in bunch- _
:s of flowers, to form festoons" round the bottom; j G(\ : —
lu. sleeves ;;nd neck trimmed with a rich suit of
Brussels point luce. Tne mantua is two yards and
drop ear-rings to correspond, and a brilliant ccs-
tus of great value. Her royal highness has also a
pearl necklace and bracelets with diamond clasps
equally splendid. Her royal highness' casket con-
tains other ornaments, consisting of colored stone:-,
richly encircled with jewels. She has besides a
rich diamond armlet, presented by the prince of
Coburgh.
Escape of Lavalette.
Lojulm .2/>n729.— The following letter from sir
Robert Wilson to earl Grey, was intercepted by the
French government, and is one of the documents
upon which the charges against sir Robert are found-
srn nonERT WILSON TO r.Anz
It was determined (says sir 11. Wilson) that the
in half long, made of rich silver and white atlas, fugitive should wear the English uniform; that t
;rimmed the same as the dress, to correspond. At- [ should conduct him without the barriers in an En tr-
ier til* ceremony, her royal highness will put on a|jj8h cabriolet, wearing the uniform myself; that I
Iress of very rich white- "silk, trimmed with broad j should have a relay horse at La Chapelle, and
satin trimming at, the bottom, at the top of whicl
ire two rows of broad Brussels point lace
The
sleeves of this dress are short and full, intermixed
point lace, the neck trimmed with point
to
-. The pelisse which the royal bride will
p,u MI when her royal highness leaves Carlton
JI<n<-u for Bushey Park, is of rich white satin, lined
\vith sar.saet, and trimmed all round with broad ^er-
mine. Her royal highness has also the following
proceed from thence to Compeigne, where EHister
should repair with my carriage, in which I slwuld.
afterwards travel with Lavalette to Mons, by the
way of Cambray. 1 had no difficulty in procuring
from sir Charles Stewart, at my request, and on
my responsibility, passports for general Wallis and
colonel Lesnock, names which we chose because
they were not preceded by Christian names. The
passports were duly countersigned by the minister
divsscs made upon the occasion: for foreign affairs, but when they were presented
-••>— --1in g-ohl la- {for signature, one of the secretaries asked who
He immediately replied it
2. A dress of white net, embroidered
ma, an elegant border over white satin; the mantua
of an extremely rich gold brocade, with blown
roses, richly woven in, very thickly all ever the
dress, and trimmed with broad gold lace.
3. A dress of transparent net, worked in bright
.and dead silver; the border twelve inches deep in
scollops; at euch scollop is placed a bunch of bar-
ley corn, in bright and dead silver; the sleeves to
match, trimmed with point lace, over white satin.
, ..... »i
rich
signature,
colonel Lesnock was ?
is the father of the admiral. This oHrct accom-
plished, Ellister took the passports 'for colonel
Lesnock, procured post-horses for his cav;iage; nnd
finally, to avoid all suspicion, took an apart .;KT,i
and a coach-house at the Hotel de Heider, i'i '
name of colonel Lesnock. Bruce fortunately ! •••:
that the brigade, commanded by his cousin, p(
Brisbane, was at Compeigne, with the hor.
baggage belonging to the general, who w;i
4. A silver tissue dress, trimmed with
trimming of silver lace and Brussels point. Jin England. We saw the aid-de-camp at
5. A gold india worked mvislin, on small spots, | j where we met by appointment. He told him th::t
very thick and deep border to correspond, and very particular circumstances obliged us to j>- '•••'>
through Compeigne with a person who must remain
unknown, we wished to stop an hour or two in a
'
trimmed profusely with Brussels point.
6. Another dress, similar to the former, only in
sprigs.
7. 8. Two Brussels point lace dresses, with bor-
der and trimming of point lace to match; the one
cost 350 guineas, the other 300 guineas.
9. 10— Two dresses of British cloud net, elegant-
remote and retired quarter. He frankly replu
that he would trust entirely to us on the subject;
that his existence depended" on preserving his situa-
tion, but that he would not hesitate to accede to
our proposition, particularly since he saw we were
ly trimmed with cloud, and another to wear over j interested in the affair. I avow that I felt, repugnance
satin slips. There are besides several dresses of j at implicating such a person in this affair; but the
plain satin, handsomely trimmed with lace and net. cause was too important to stop at that considern-
11 — A morning dress of fine muslin, with three tion, and I encouraged the hope that a day would
•rows of broad Valenciennes lace, ihe flounce sur- 1 one time arrive in which it might be possible for
mounted with broad footing to match; lace run" and | me to acknowledge this service. Bruce procured
four breadths of the same and cuffs to correspond, jLavalette's measure, and Hutchinson gave it tv- u
12 — A fine India muslin dress, with Mechlin la.ce; tailor, saying it was the measure of a quartermaster
flowers, cuffs, and ruff of the same, and a lace cape of his regiment, who wanted a great coat, waistcoat,
trimmed twice round.
13, 14 — Two worked dresses for the occasion;
very rich scollopped borders of four rows, quilled
and pantaloons, but did not need a suit. The tailor
observed that it was the measure of a tall man, ai:d
that it had not been taken by a tailor.
"His remark alarmed me so much that I thought
it was advisable to ?end Hutchinson to say to him,
that as the quartermaster could not wait till Satur-
day evening it was necessary that the cloths should
be carefully packed up, and that they would be
forwarded to him after his departure. Hutchinson
and Ellister took besides all necessary
's, qui
with net at the top of each row. Laced and mus-
lin worked ruff and cuffs to match.
Several other dresses are nearly similar.
The Jewellery is of the most magnificent des-
cription, consisting of a beautiful wreath for the
head, composed of rose buds and leaves of the
most superb brilliants; a necklace of a single row...
.of large brilliants of the finest l-.Htre, with lar^evyith respect to the h«rse.i, and ' re.conaoitered the
384,
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 22,
barriers in a. promenade on the preceding day.
Every precaution for avoiding accidents being
adopted, it was finally agreed that Lavalette should
be removed to Hutchinson's lodgings on Sunday,
January 7, at half past nine in the evening, precisely;
and that next day, at half past 7 in the morning,
equally precise, I should be at his door with Bruce's
cabriolet, my servant, the servant on my mare, ^yell
equipped, as if I were going to make an inspection.
That Hutchinson should ride along by the side of
the cabriolet, keeping tip conversation with us, and
that in case any embarrassments occurred, Lavaleite
should mount my horse and I the mare, in order that
we might act more freely and gain in expedition. I
should certainly have preferred passing the barriers
on horseback, but it was thought that the manner
of riding1 on horseback, might attract attention and
that passing the barriers in full day, and in an open
carriage, would shew too much confidence to give
Cause for suspicion.
"The hour being at last arrived, Ellister, Bruce,
and myself, repaired to Hutchinson's apartments,
Tinder the pretext of a party for punch; at the mo-
ment when Lavalette was to nrescnt. himself, Bruce
with me, and I performed the part of his friseur on
the road.
"On entering Compeigne we found the sergeant
mentioned by captain Frevol, who conducted us
through the town to a quarter extremely well cho-*
sen, for we were not incommoded by spectators in
tiie streets. — None saw us enter except the soldiers
and the English servants who attended us. While
we waited for Ellisler with the carri.ige Mr. F.
presented us with refreshments. Finally, towards
night, as had. been agreed upon, Eliisier arrived
with the carriage, which had left Paris by the bar-
rier of St. Denis, and was followed to La ChapcUe
by two gendarmes.
ed, as well to shew
I caused the lamps to be light-
s our road us to rnnke i
advanced to the stairs, Lavalette took him by the v-ithstandin
hand, and we saw before us this interesting person-
age. He was dressed in a blue uniform, and suffi-
ciently disguised to pass without remark in the
apartment of Englishmen. The friend who con-
ducted him did not enter the room, but he deli-
vered at Hutchinson's a pair of double barrelled
pistols for Lavalette. He appeared at first much
••noved. We did not permit him to give vent to all
;iis sentiments of gratitude, but a few moments
after, Blister and I withdrew, and left him to the
eare of Hutchinson and Bruce.
pear that we were under no apprehensions; and
having taken leave of our friends, we s,et out, ivel%
armed and prepared to make resistance, if we exp-ri^
Sliced- any obstacle. We were much questioned at
the stations for the relays, but we experienced no
delay, till we reached Cambr.iy, where we lost
three hours at the gates, owing to the fault of the
English guard, who havingno orders for calling the
.»-atc keeper, was not to be induced to do so, not-.
"Next day at half past seven, I was at Hutchin-
son's door. In five minutes 1 had seated Lavalette,
and we were on our way to the bar of Clichy. We
met an English officer, who appeared surprised at
seeing a general officer whom he did not know. —
But my servant avoided all questions; I passed the
bajrier at a moderate puce; the gendarmes looked
earnestly at us, but the presenting of arms gave
Lavalette the opportunity of covering his face in
returning the salute. When we got through the
barrier Lavalette pressed his leg against mine, and
when we were out of the reach' of observation, his
whole countenance appeared enlivened by the first
favor of fortune.
"The road was full of all sorts of people; but
whenever we met the diligence, I began to con-
verse with a loud voice in
that my hat, which was
plume, and which Lavalette
tracted the notice of the passengers, and withdrew
their attention from us.
"Lavalette has such marked features, and his
person is so well known to all the post masters, that
the greatest care was necessary. At La Cnapelle,
all we could say to him — a negligence
which has already been attended with inconve-
nience to the government, and which might have
been fatal to us. In passing through \7alenciennes
we were strictly examined three times over, and
our passports sent to the commandant. We under-
went another examination yt some distance from
that garrison, and this was the last. We" did not
stop except at Mons, where we dined, and made
arrangements for the future journey of Lavalette.
o
ilit
I wrote several letters to facilitate the means by
which he might reach his destination, and having
provided every thing that appeared best for his
health and comfort, I took leave of him, and re-
turned to Paris yesterday evening by the rout of
Maubugo, Soissons, and in Forte St. Martin, after
an absence of 60 hours."
South America and Mexico.
SOUTH AMERICAN AFFAIRS.
We have a variety of accounts from this interest-
ing portion of the world which it may be useful
briefly to notice.
1. A letter from the bloody Moritto, to the cap-
tain-general at Havanna, dated at JWompoz, March
the 9th, details at considerable length an account
of a battle, which col. de la Colzada, one of his
, officers, had with the patriots, at Pie de Cuesta,
English; and I remarked 1 1, j d f , pr'ecetU month The for.
triiew'm his hand' 't- CCS °f lhe la.lter» s;iid to Jiave been 3000 strong,
der, &c. are represented to have been completely
defeated, with the loss of 1000 killed 200 wounded,
and 500 prisoners; among the killed there being
40 officers, and 28 with the prisoners, with all their
artillery and great quantities of arms and ammuni-
where we changed horses, we experienced a mo-jtion — The loss of the royalists is given at only 150
ment's alarm at the sight of four gendarmes who
hovered about us. But Hutchinson on being- ques-
tioned by them, relieved us from their importuni-
ties by replying, that we were going to choose can-
tonments for a division of the English army. We
were obliged to pass other gWdarmes, who had
with them bills containing the description of Lav-a-
lette; and here I ought to remark, that these biiis
fhad been distributed to almost every individual in
France. On approaching Compeigne I observed
some grey hairs projecting from under the brown
wjcj wern by Lnvaiette. Fortunately I had scissors
killed and wounded. Col. de la Calzada also gives,
an account of his success in several minor affair^
and according to his statement the condition of the
republicans in this quarter are on the worst possible
footing.
2. A letter from Wcllvvood Hyslop, es«}. of Jamai-
ca, to a gentleman in Washington city, after giving
an account of his imprisonment at Cartliagcnat\v\\e\\
that place fell into the hands of the royalists, and
relating how through the intercession of the admi-
ral he was tried by a civil court instead of a mock
military tribunal, wherein h's !if ".as miraculous
:NYILES? WEEKLY REGISTER—SOUTH-AMERICA, &c.
385
ly saved— says, "I left Carthagena on the 27th of
April, at; which date Morillo had got no further
than Ocana.and though there was a general silence
in town, it was whispered that his progress was not
so rapid as he expected. St. Fe of course had
not fallen. The general congress was at Tun] a,
and since the execution of Amador and Ribbon,
who had surrendered under a promised pardon,
the interior spirit had resolved to defend itself to
the last. Morales with two battalions of Caraccas
troops, had marched for Venezuela, where matters
were changing much against Ferdinand; so that
Morillo has no more than about 3000 men with him.
C-'-ihagena is garrisoned by the regiment of Leon
about 650 effective and non-effective, (and I may
add, disaffected men, from the want of clothing
and pay,) and a battalion of Llanos, composed of
about 550. I was a month in town before I sailed,
and I assure you, those who remained, in hopes of
a better government under Ferdinand, find them-
advca miserably mistaken. I believe I may say
with truth, the spirit of the people is now more
elevated than it ever was at any previous period."
•3. It will be recollected that the patriot general
JBoHvar, and his gallant fellow whigs who escaped
from murder when Carthagena fell, rallied in the
island of St. Domingo, where they were hospitably
received and kindly protected by president Petion.
They sailed thence in 21 armed vessels and trans-
ports, having on board 3500 troops, of which 15JO
were colored men furnished by Petion. They ar-
rived at Margarita early in the last month (May)
and having raised the blockade of that patriotic
island, and given it all needful supplies, they pro-
ceeded for the Maine, first against Jlngitsturu, an
important post on the Oronoco. Here it was ex-
pected that Boliirar would receive such reinforce-
ments as would enable him to beat the royalists in
the provinces of Venezuela, and carry him in tri-
umpn to the walls of Carthagena, where some hard
fighting was calculated upon; though it is said that
Morillo's force was much dwindled away. The con-
test, at least, will be sanguinary, as neither side
look for quarter.
The following is a copy of Holivar's proclama-
tion to the people of Venezuela, as translated for
the Baltimore Patriot :
SIMON BOLIVAR, captain general of the armies of
New Granada and Venezuela, &c. &c.
VKXEZULANIASS: — This is the period of the re-
public. The immortal island of Margarita, headed
by the intrepid general Arismendi, has proclaimed
the independent government of Venezuela, and has
supported it with the most exalted vulor, against
all the power of Spain.
The remnant of our forces, dispersed by the fall
of CarUiag-ena, reunited in Hayti. — With them and
with the auxiliaries of our magnanimous admiral
Brion, we are forming an expedition, which from
its elements seems d'estined "to terminate forever
the dominion of the tyrants over our patriot land.
Venezulanians\ Your brothers, and your foreign
friends do not come with a view of conquering you!
•heir design is to fight for your liberty, to place'you
in a situation to re-establish the republic upon "the
most solid foundation. — The congress of Venezue-
la will be installed anew, when it may be your wish.
.\s the people of independence have done me the
lonor to entrust me with the supreme authority , I
mthorise you to name vour deputies to the congress
without further convocation than the present, con-
iding to them the same sovereign pmvers us at the
irst epoch of the republic.
I am not co;ne to dictate laws to you, but I be-
seech you to hear my voice: — I recommend to you
unity of government, and absolute liberty, that you
may not repeat the commission of an absurdity and
a crime; since we cannot at the same time be free-
men and slaves. If you form but one mass of peo-
ple, if you establish a central government, and if
you unite with us, rely upon victory.
Spaniards who inhabit Venezuela, the war of des-
truction shall cease if you but say the word: — if not,
we shall exercise just reprisal, and you will be ex-
terminated.
Venezulanians! fear not the sword of your deli-
verers; yqu are always innocent in the eyes of your
brethren. SIMON BOLIVAR.
Head Quarters at Villa Norte, ?
3d of May, 1816. 5
4. Manila's desolation. — Some idea (observes the
Washington City Gazette) may be Armed of the
bloody measures adopted by the agents of Ferdi-
nand the 7th at OAI tnagena, by the execution of
the following persons, who were put to death there,
on the 24th of February last:
Manuel del Castillo, a brigadier general; Martin
Amador, brother to the late governor of Carthager
na; P. G. Ribon, colonel of the republican army, com-
manding at Mompoz; J. M. Portocarrero, a gen-
tleman of one of the most respectable families of
Santa Fe de Bogota, nephew to the marquis of St.
George; S. Stuart, an Englishman of very good
education, and lieutenant colonel; Garcia, Toledo,
Ayos, Granados, and Augulano, of the most re-
spectable families, employed in various departments
of the government; Manual Auguiano, a brigadier
general of engineers, father of a numerous family.
5. We denied the probability, a few days ago, of
the report that Santa Fe de Bogota, the capital of
the republic of New Granada, had submitted to
Morillo. It now appears he has never advanced
further into the interior than Mompoz, which is but
a short distance from Carthagena, compared with
the distance to Santa Fe. This place is exceedingly
unhealthy, said to be the most so of any in South
Americ i, and a fever is reported to rage among his
troops of which a number die daily. At our latest
accounts from him, it was understood that the two-
wing's of his army were defeated by the republicans
and the annihilation of his whole corps was speedi
ly expected. "Let the invaders perish /" His force
had been reduced to 3000 men, and the troops that
were scattered through the neighboring provinces
would soon have employment enough with Bolivar
and his army.
6. Buenos Jlyres. A letter from this city dated
April, 22, says — "There is a congress assembled at
Tucuman, consisting of members of the different
provinces, and it is expected they will come out"
with a declaration of their independence ; in con-
sequence 'of this the town was illuminated three,
nights, (by the way nothing very brilliant.) Alva-
rez, the former president, has resigned, and gene-
ral Bellcasel appointed pro tern, until there shall be
one elected by the congress. It is said this resig-
nation was in consequence of the government, on
the other side, refusing to come to a friendly un-
derstanding1 with this government, alleging they did
not believe the director was anxious for a reconcif
!iai-ion. Thus you see how fickle they are. The
general on the other side, Artegas, has sacked San>
Fe, a small place about 30 leagues up the river
on this side; 300 men that were sent from here to
oppose ins operations joined him immediately on
tiieir arrival/''
The preceding goes to .shew the prevalence of the
party icejliag-s in this section, of tUe country, which
S86
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTfcR^ATURDAY, JUNE £2, 1810,
we have frequently deplored. But a sense of com- Vera Cruz, and put to the sword the escort of 20CP
infin danger will probably unite ail parties ; for we j dragoons.
learn by an arrival from Rio Grande "that an expe- Col. Pasos besieges the garrisons of Orizava and
dilion, consisting of Portuguese and Spaniards, had I Cordova, and they are reduced to their narrow
arrived before Huenos Jlyrcs, with the intention of i entrenchments. After having overrun the whole
attacking the place and rescuing it from the hands j province, and defeated all those who opposed him,
of the patriots." But it rather to be expected the lie opened the prisons and set at liberty those who
, . . • s- ,* i _ _ 11 . i_ £J.A.J-..^\ :n ' _- _ . i « _-.,*•,, *
expedition, (if one has really been fitted out) will
first attack Monte Video.
From certain official papers which we have seen,
k appears highly probable, that the resignation of
Alvarez, as noticed above, will be attended with the
Imppiest effects in bringing about a fuller and more
complete union of all the people of the provinces
than any event that has yet happened. So let it be—
«wid "strength to the arm that strikes for freedom !"
MEXICAN NEWS
From the JVa« «,.<*/ Advocate. — We have received
the following from our coi-reopondent at New-Or-
leans.
The republican general Morellos, made prisoner
by the royalists, was carried before the tribunal of
the inquisition, in the city of Mexico, and condemned
us a heretic, utlidvt, deist, materialist, and for other
crimes of the competence of the holy tribunal; he
was also condemned by the arch bishop, degraded in
c'on sequence, and given up to the military tribunal,
who condemned him to death, and he was executed
on the 22<1 of December last.
It was in vain that the republican government by
many petitions addressed to the vice-roy. Callejas,
reclaimed the observance of the laws of war; in vain
did it seek to employ the influence of the cabildo
of the metroppiis, to save at least the life of the
prisoner — the tyranny, superstition, and fanaticism,
which exercise openly their sway in the capital of
the new world, sacrificed a in«st virtuous patriot,
whose courageous valour had fixed the attention
and merited the applause of the world; in such a
manner that the services and exertions of five years
consecrated to the safety of his country, will cause
him to live forever in their hearts, and his name will
be handed down to the latest posterity.
The Mexican patriots, by a proclamation of the
government and a circular to all the provinces,
groaned in captivity.
Col. Gomes has cut in pieces 1500 men who were
assembled around Puebla, after having defeated a
division of 1000, which he met on the road from
Mexico to Tesmelucan; and lias since taken by sur-
prise the latter, a place of great importance; not
one escaped of the garrison, from tiie commander
to the private.
Marshal Osorno attacked and took the town of
Apan. A division of 1000 men. which marched from
Mexico against him, WHS obliged to retreat by
forced marches on Monte-Alto; where the com-
manders Ignacio Sanchez and Pascasio Heree had
cut to pieces another division of 700 men. Col.
Teran heat 600 royalists nt Topc.\i de la Sedas.
Lieutenant colonel Guerero engaged an action at
Disteca, (province of Oxaca) in which he defeated,
in an instant, more than 1000 iwen by the sword and
lance alone.
The provinces are now occupied in the constitu-
tional election of deputies to form the congress,
which was before only provisional. This measure
will put an end entirely to the differences which,
tended to disturb the peace and union of the patriots.
It will give to the legislative body that character
which is necessary in order to merit the confidence
of the people and other nations.
Foreign Articles.
STATE OF EUHOPE. — The European papers gives
us many important reports — but the_y are only re-
ports, of the following amount: That the duke of
Wellington is to be superceded in his command of
the Russian and Prussian contingents (stationed in
France to keep the beloved Louis on the throne, and
prevent his loving subjects from driving him and
liis family far from them) by the young prince of
Orange, brother-in-law of the emperor Alexander,
have solemnly sworn to revenge the death of their jit also appears that, those powers, convinced of the
illustrious defender, protesting that they will al- incompetency of the Jiourbons t
v/ays hold the viceroy and 60,000 Spaniards who
inhabit that immense country responsible of the
blood of Morellos.
The arms of the republic shine every where.
Much blood has been shed at Prado-dd-Reij. The
to govern France,
may have determined to place the said prince of
Orange on the throne! Another report says, that
Russia has made, or was about to make, a demand
that Austria should cede Gallicia to her, Sec.
We put very little faith in these reports, though
royalists collected five thousand men to attack it may be, anil, indeed, it appears probable, that
that position occupied by the patriots; twice they j some new disturbances may be expected in Europe,
attacked and twice were their assaults repulsed j We incline to this opinion from a belief ahv; ys cn-
v/ith great loss; not being able to succeed by open jtertained, that the present state of things, from their
force, they had recourse to intrigue and seduction. I very nature, cannot last. If it he, that Alexan-
.Joseph Maria Lascano, the lieutenant commanding der entertains the design of placing his brother-in-
the force which decided the bridge, sold himself law on the throne of France [and why i
to general Miyares for $8,000. The garrison was
incorruptible; bat seeing itself abandoned by its
perfidious leader who had gone over to the enemy's
camp, it made dispositions for retreat which was
effected without oilier loss than that of the artillery
•f too heavy a calibre to be removed, By these
means the royalists saw themselves masters of the
Bridge, and passed with a rich convoy, which how-
ever, did not arrive intact at Vera-Cruz.
Many skirmishes have taken place since, in which
:he royalists were completely defeated. General
~ , ,.,1 .., * .. 1 _ • _ l_ 1 I. ' 1
may he not?]
a new war of various character, may be expected.
Great Britain and Austria will, of necessity, become
allies to oppose the procedure; and the event may
be, as has sometimes been hinted at, that Napoleon
will be brought upon the theatre again.
Ti^e royal government of France is delivering up
to the roijal government of Spain, all those gallant
spirits who "delivered" the latter country of Bo-
naparte, and "restored" Ferdinand to the throne;
who fled to France to preserve themselves from
being "delivered" up to the \m-IIoly Inquisition —
Victoria has lately beaten them in the neighborhood among them is the celebrated Minn.
of Vera On/.. Cap't. Francisco de Paulo intercepted Few evidences of ingratitude equal to that of
n convoy v/hich w>i gn its way $com Alb.arado to ' Ferdinand is to be found in history. His fiery r>e?-
NILEH' WEEKLY REGISTER—DIRECT TAX.
387
seCutions af the liberales of Spain, the men tlrat
Supported bis throne on the point of their swords,
Will consign him to the infamy of ages.
Wilson, Bruce and Hutchinson have been found
guilty of assisting in the escape of Lavalette, and
sentenced to three months imprisonment rpu~"~ "»•«*
There must
be some cause for this slight punishment, over and
beyond the mercy or justice of their French judges.
Talleyrand has quitted Paris for Valency. The
French 5 percent, cons, were at 59 2-10.
There seems to he a great ferment among the
>eople of Amiens, Boulonge, Beauvais, &c." Many
!>f them have been ordered t» take up their resi-
dence in fortified places, and many have been sent
Lo casHe* and citadels. To read a foreign newspaper
wbjects the reader to indefinite imprisonment.
It is stated that Napoleon's son by Maria Louisa,
is to be Ciiled "Francis Charles," hereafter.
The army of Sweden is fixed at 60,000 men.
Many assassinations of the Prussian troops in
France are said to have happened, in consequence,
general Zeithen has adopted very severe measures.
Liberty of the press. In the British house of com-
mons on the 8th ultimo, Mr. Brougham h"-"61.11
rurwaro. a muiiuii -tnat leave DC given to bring in
a bill for securing and extending the liberty of the
press." After considerable debate, leave was giv-
en to bring in the bill.
There were several fires in Suffolk, Eng. the be-
ginning of May, the work of incendiaries, in conse-
quence of the introduction of some new labor-sav-
ing improved machines. Some of the incendiaries
had been apprehended and committed for trial.
A Naples article reports that the army of that
kingdom, by the end of April, would amount to
28,000 men ; and observes "the English M\& .iustri-
nns continue to keep garrisons in the forlres&es on
our coasts."
There is a frequc it exchange of couriers between
Vienna and St. Petersburg!).
A hoy, proceeding down the Thames with a pai--
cel of dollars to be put on board an outward-bound
Indiaman, was boarde<i in the river und robbed of
seven chests of specie.
Six frigate*, with troops, have lately left Eng-
land for the West Indies. Admiral Exmouth's ne-
gociations with the JJarbary powers, appear to have
been successful in the release of many Europeans
Impressed into the service of the pirates.
The French legislative body has been suddenly
closed, by order of the king.
The long talked of expedition is said to have
left Lisbon for Brazil — its force is given at 6^000
men.
General Sertrandls condemned to death.
The differences between Austria, and Bavaria are
said to be settled.
England is now exporting grain to France^ This
is quite as odd as the import of provisions into the
United States from Ireland.
Private letters from France speak of the great
number of arrests which are yet made; and also of
some agitations — but the Paris papers are as silent
as the grave on all such subjects — as much so as
the gazette of the "holy inquisition" would be as to
what was doing in its dungeons.
The Austrian and British troops in Italy, have
taken tii e territories of the pope under their pro-
tection. What has the "holy father" to fear?
"T«E GREAT MAHBIAGK!" So the late connexion of
Leopold Coburg and Charlotte Gvelph, is called in the
English papers. They were married on the 2nd of
May. The details of the persons present at the ce-
movements of the parties—how they went in at
that door and came out at this— how the prince
looked at the grey horses, and how the people were
squeezed which stood round abfjut the place, and
of other things of immense importance, occupy two
or three columns of clostly printed matter in thfe
British papers.
On
son
)n the 4th of May the prince regent created his
__..-in-law a general in the British armies— that is,.
lie is to receive the pay and emoluments of a general.
The ceremony of the marriage took place at Carltor,
house, and was performed by the archbishop of
Canterbury, in the presence of the "royal family'
and a general crowd of lords and ladies and other
people.
WHITE SLATES. Frankfort, March 27.— Agreea-
bly to late accounts from Munich, it has been final
ly settled in the treaty between Austria '
ria, that prince Eugene Bcauharnois
.
cer o?h. M. ahipsdymion, Porno-
na ...iu Tenedos, captains Hope, Parker and Lumlev,
commanders, who were on board at the capture
of the American frigate President, on the 15th of
January, 1815, that they will be paid their re-
spective proportions of the net proceeds of head
money for the said capture, on the lOui inst. and
all shares not then claimed will be recalled at No.
23, Norfolk-street, Strand, every Tuesday and Fri-
day for three months from first day of payment.
First class
Second class
Third class
Fourth class
Fifth class
Sixth class
Seventh cfass
Eighth class
£. 168 7
16 16 7
9 7 0*
2 17 10
1 18 6*
0 19 3i
0 1;? 10
065
WILLIAM MARSil, for Age
Erratum — Direct Tax.
— Prom the National Intelligencer — In oil?
copy of the act passed at the late session of cop.
gress relative to laying and assessing' a direct tax,
the following section was contained, and published,
which was not a part of the act as it was passed
by congress. The error \vi\s no doubt occasioned
by the hurry of preparing the copy for the press
at the proper department, and the circumstance
of this section having been in the bill as originally
printed for the use of congress, though struck out
before the bill became :\ law.
Those interested are hereby requested to t',ke
notice that the section published as Sec. 9, in the
following words, is not a part of the act passed at
the late session of congress entitled "An act supple-
mentary to the act to provide additional revenues
for defraying the expences of government and
maintaining the public credit by laying a direct
tax upon the United Stales, and to" provide for
assessing and collecting the same."
"Sec. 9. And be it further enacted, That on ev^ry
transfer of the valuation of real estate or slaves,
by which any person who is chargeable with a tax
shall be released from such tax, the principal
assessor shall be entitled to demand and receive,
from such person, the sum of fifty cents : Provide^,
Til at the transfer for which such fee is paid shall
be considered as embracing the whole valuation of-
any person, whether of real estate or slaves, so trans-
ferred."
of U'j.c ceremony itsdf, wiiii all vhe fl^f* See WeeWf Register, page 224-
588
MILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 22, 1816.
CHRONICLE.
The U. S. sloop of war Peacock, capt. G. Rodg-
ers, sailed from New York for France, on the 12th
inst. having on board Mr. Gallatin, our minister to
France.
GAS LIGHT. The city council of Baltimore have
passed an ordinance to authorize a company to light
the city by means of "carburetted hydrogen gas." —
it is understood that the work will be immediately
commenced. We calculate upon great advantages
from this liberal procedure.
The gang of counterfeiters and pick -pockets who
have lately infested this city, as noticed in our last,
have been somewhat disturbed within a few days.
Certain suspected persons have been committed
to the guardianship of the sheriff. Among other
ot \.wu- depredations, was the robbery of gen. Col-
bert (Chiui-,,aw chief) at our theatre, of his pock-
et-book, with ueasury drafts to the amount of near-
ly 7000 dollars, anu^t notes to the value of about
1 100 dollars. The book Fas rt,«~ u^n foun(j with
the drafts and other papers enclosed, but L-,., notes
were missing. The city council at a special meet-
ing', authorized the offering of a reward of $200 by
Jie mayor for the conviction of the offenders, or for
other persons detected in the like practices, or ot
maliciously setting tire to, or attempting to set tire
~o any building in the city.
An attempt was made to set fire to a frame build-
rig in Baltimore, near the corner of Market and
Culvert streets, on Sunday night last, which, had it
~,ot been providentially discovered, would have
caused a mighty conflagration, from its vicinity to
a large collection of frame houses.
The new French ambassador to the United States,
Hyde JS'envitte, has arrived at New- York in a frigate,
Accompanied by several gentlemen who came out
:is consuls. The marquis of Firigere, is to be con-
sul at Baltimore. All the rest of the consuls are
plain monnseers, as John BuU calls the Frenchmen.
A treaty with the Sucks and Foxes, being conclud-
ed at St.'Louis, the United States are now at peace
with all the northern and western tribes of Indians,
uul in the south the appearances of hostility are
happily dying away.
The damage to the crops by the insurrection of
die blacks in Barbadoes, is estimated to amount to
.5000 hhds. of sugar. Martial law is still in force.
There has been a great fire at Raleigh N. C. Up-
wards of 50 buildings of every description, were
destroyed. Loss estimated at ^10u,0l>0. Among
other houses destroyed, was one in which was depo-
sited a quantity of arms, Stc. belonging to the U. S.
all lost, valued at §40,000. It is supposed to have
been the work of an incendiary.
J\*ew Orleans. The hope of stopping the crevasse
as before stated, is at an end until the fall of the
river. It now admits a volume of water 200 feet
wide and 20 deep !
Our latest accounts from New-Orleans say that
great exertions were about to be made to cut drains
to carry off the water of the Mississippi into the cy-
press s'wamp, from whence it might vork its \va\
into lake Ponchartrain.
American Bible Society. Elias Boudinot, esq. pre-
sident of the American bible society, has presented
that institution with the generous donation of ten
thousand dollars.
Separation of Maine. — A committee of the legi-s-
lature of M iSbi'.chusetts hub re-) ->rted a bill 10 a i-
thorise the meeiiug t»f u co
by the people of t.ie -Us ic -Laix-.
inay b$ erected kite a separate .,^-~, uiuicr ceftiua
conditions, and with the consent of the United
States.
The board of public works for the state of Virgi-
iia, have'had a meeting at Richmond and organized
themselves. Proceedings hereafter.
U. S. SENATORS. Appointments by the legisla-
ture of Massachusetts: Harrison G. Otis to supply
the vacancy occasioned by the expiration of Mr-
Varnum's period of service, and Eli P. Ashmunt
to serve in the place of Mr. Gore resigned on ac-
count of ill heal tli.
Presidential election. The legislature of Massa-
chusetts have passed a resolve to take from the
people and appoint by themselves, the electors of
a president and vice president of the United States ,
Marriage-Scheme.
The following pleasant little story from the Peters-
burg Intelligencer, may relieve an idle moment,
and possibly be productive of some good.
rr" the Editors of the Petersburg Intelligencer.
GENTLEMEN, V_m tlic. Slat vla^ \jC I>^x,ml/ci last,
was passing through the state of South-Carolina,
and in the evening arrived in the suburbs of the
town of , where I had an acquaintance on
whom I called. I was quickly informed that the
family was invited to a wedding at a neighboring-,
house, and on being requested I changed my clothes
and went with them. As soon as the young coupln
ere married, the company was seated and a pro-
found silence ensued — (the man of the house was
religious.) A young Lawyer then arose, and ad-
dressed the company very handsomely, and in
finishing his discourse begged leave to offer a new
scheme of matrimony, which he believed and hoped
would be beneficial. And on obtaining leave, he
proposed :
That one man in the company should be selected
as president; that this president should be duly
sworn to ke,ep entirely secret all the communica-
tions that should be forwarded to him in his offi-
cial department that night; and that each unmarried
gentleman and lady in company should write his 01*
her name on a piece of paper, and under it' place
the person's name who they wished to marry; then
hand it to the president for inspection, and if any
gentleman and lady had reciprocally chosen eack
other the president was to inform each of the result,
and those who had not been reciprocal in their
choices, should have -their choice kept entirely
secret.
After the appointment of the president, the com-
munications were accordingly handed up to the
chair, and it was found that twelve young gentle-
men and ladies had made reciprocal choices; — but
who they had chosen, remained a secret to all but
themselves and the president. The conversation
changed and the company respectively retired.
Now hear the conclusion. I was passing through
the same place on the 14th of March following, and
was informed that eleven of the twelve matches had^
been solemnized, and that the young gentlemen of
eight couples of the eleven, had declared that their*
diffidence was so great that they certainly should
not have addressed their respective wives, if die
above scheme had not been introduced, j^j Gentle-
men under 13 J and ladies under 15, were excluded
c^s unmarriageable.
Youwiij • pleased to let thepubiic hear of this
>e it will be productive of much.
by being practised in Virginia,
WILES' WEEKLY REGISTER.
No. 18 OF VOL. X.]
BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, JUNE 29, 1816.
[WHOLE NO. 252.
Hac ofim meminisse juvubit. — VIRGIL.
PRINTED AXD PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT THK HEAD OF CHEAPSIDE, AT §5 PER AWNCM.
A portion of this number, greater than usual, is
appropriated tb dispose of a quantity of small ar-
ticles of riews; statistics and politics — amusing for
the present and useful for the future.
COBBETT'S WEEKLY POLITICAL REGISTER.
As we inserted Mr. Cobbelfs proposal for pub-
lishing his REGISTER in New- York, it is but proper
to say that the work is going on there with all the
vigor, strength and originality that so peculiarly be-
longs to the distinguished writer. It is almost en-
tirely made up from manuscripts, and is at once a
monument of the industry and talents of Mr. Cob-
bett He speaks of things freely; and his happy,
easy manner of elucidating his ideas, admitted by
all to be unique, is admired by all. The copy right
of his numbers is secured, for the reasons given in
his letter to the editor of this paper — (see page 171.)
The price of the POLITICAL RKGISTER appears very
high — (25 cents a sheet) — for the quantity of mat-
ter it Contains; but it is the quality of it that is va-
lued by its rapidly increasing subscribers.
Gen. Zebulon Montgomery Pike.
The idea of the lamented general PIKE cannot
cross the mind of an American who was personally
acquainted with him, or knew him by character,
without a sensible warmth of the blood rushing
from the heart that loved and admired him. He was
a soldier "without fear," a gentleman "without
reproach," and his death was, indeed, a national
loss — and, happening when it did — when the soldier
was so much wanted, was doubly severe. But he
fell in the arms of victory, and died with his head
reposing on the conquered flag of the enemy.
Whatever relates to a man like this, belongs to
his country; and it is with pleasure the editor of deration, the following propositions, viz*.
the WKEKLV RKGISTER is made the medium of pre
serving the following from oblivion — for he believes
it has never been published. We have the original,
through the politeness of a friend at fort Hawkins.
The general spirit of the letter may be considered
as too high by many, who entirely disapprove of the
practice which the hero would 'have checked; yet
when his object is duly esteemed, and those to whom
the proposition was addressed, are taken into the
account, we are inclined to believe that there is
but little for the most fastidious to find fault with.
(CIRCULAR.)
JVevu-Oi'leans, 5th August, 1809.
Sin — It must have been the subject of sincere re-
gret and surprize to all men of reflection and hu-
manity, to perceive to what a length the practice of
personal combats and duels have been carried in
the United States, and more especially amongst the
members of our army and naval establishments. At
the first view of circumstances, it might be con-
ceived that wearing a sword was an inducement,
or laid un obligation on the wearer, to fight more
frequently than the civilian; that we must guard
our honor free from blemish, I readily agree; but
a man of honor and a man of virtue, are synonimous
terms: and if any thing is meant by honor, distinct
from what conscience dictates, it must arise from
VOL. X
the false constructions of what is termed the fad
shionable world. But I will admit that as officers,
who may be called on to lead others into danger, it
would not be proper that we should be thought
men who have sought our personal safety by sub-
mitting to what in the opinion of the world is a dis-
grace. The feelings of a gentleman are indefinable
and arise from delicacy of sentiment, vary ing accord-
ing to education, society and manners. The above
impressions were what impelled our countryman
H*******, to meet his fate from the hands of a man
that he knew was a villain, against his own better1
judgment. As a. soldier, therefore, I will not pretend
entirely to condemn the practice — but what I would
wish to abolish is a recurrence to that means of set-
tling a. point of duly.' if this principle is allowed tc>
obtain ground, I will ask the gentlemen, if the very
foundations of subordination and discipline are not
destroyed;' An inferior may dispute the correctness
of the orders of his superior, and a reference to per-
sonal combat is to decide! If this is suffered to pre:
vail, in vain has our government formed laws for the
regulation of the army; in vain have grades been
established, OP civil codes been considered as the
rules of civilized society: — abolish, at once, the
trial by jury, and revive the ancient trial by combat !
But I will not intrude more on your time or good
sense, conscious that you must see this subject in
a similar point of view.
What has given birth to those ideas are the three
unfortunate affairs which have recently taken place
in this part of the army, all on points of duty, which
have been the cause of the death of a youthful sol-
dier in prime of life, and left his friends to mourn
his untimely fate; and the wounding of two more,
now laid on the bed of misery, trembling on the
brink of the grave. In order to obviate and correct
this abuse, I "have presumed to offer to your consi-
1. That the officers of each corps vote for eight
officers, seven of whom shall belong to other
corps than their own — those eight officers shall
represent the seven corps at camp and the old
artillery at New-Orleans, and shall form a com-
mittee to draft articles by which all disputes on
points of honor shall be settled.
2d. That these articles shall be adopted when ap-
proved of by a majority of said committee; who
shall cause a fair copy to be made and lodged with
each commanding officer of a corps, to be sub-
scribed by all the officers present.
3d. That the officers of said corps shall then pro-
ceed to elect five officers from the body of the
army in this quarter, without discrimination of
rank or corps, who shall form a COURT OF HONOJ;,
to whom shall be referred all causes of dispute
which arise among members of tlte said asso-
ciation.
4th. That any number of said court shall constitute a
board to hear and determine in said causea, ac-
cording to honor, equity and the articles estab-
lished as the constitution of the said association.
5th. That all officers who may arrive at this division
of the arm), shall be invited to join in the said
voluntary association of brotherly affection anrt
honor.
290 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SAT CR1) AY, JUNE 29, 181G.
6th. That a copy of the articles of our confederation i This list contains two hundred and nineteen
be transmitted to all commandants of corps of the ' — and designates 90 persons who are known to have
United Slates' army, and that a new election of: returned to the United States, and 129 who were
officers constituting the Court of Honor be held {supposed to have "remained in England;" or rather,
annually. (we should suppose, whose destiny was unknown.
The above I have been emboldened to offer to | Some of them may have been maimed or worn out
your view; more especially as institutions of a si- Jin the service, and have felt it right to demand a
milar nature have existed in the armies of various j maintenance from that country in whose defence
foreign nations} not to take into view the celebrated their strength and vigor had been exhausted.
('ourt of Honor" which, under the ancient kings
of Prance, was one of the principal causes of the
great dec.iy of the practice of duelling in that king-
dom. If this proposition should meet your approba-
tion, it would be advisable for the election of the
members of the committee to be immediately made,
The insertion of these tables would occupy a great
deal of room, without answering any useful pur-
pose at present. The lengthened row of names, pre-
sented in terrible testimony of England's cruelty,
would, no doubt, excite the indignation of every
man possessed of the feelim
of an American, and
in order that the code for the government of the (serve to heap contempt up"on the legislature of a
association may be formed. I feel a consciousness t certain great state, which raised a committee to
that the gentlemen who know me will attribute my | ascertain how many of its citizens had been impress-
stepping forth on this occasion to no other cause Jed, who gravely reported that they amounted, (I
desire to promote discipline, harmony, bro-| believe) to sixteen,- though in that miserable abode
tli an
therly affection, the good of the army and our
common country.
I am sir, with high consideration and respect,
Your ob't serv't /. M. PIKE, Major.
Impressed Seamen.
The secretary of state, to whom was referred the
resolution of the house of representatives, request-
ing the president to cause to be laid before the
, house, a statement of the number of impressed
American seaman confined in Dartmoor prison, the
number surrendered, given up, or taken from on
iroard British vessels captured during the late war,
together with their places of residence, respectively
-—-has the honor to submit to the president, in the
papers marked A, B, arid C, all the information
which he has, as yet, been able to obtain, relative
to the object stated in the resolution.
The paper A, contains a list of such impressed
seamen as were transferred from British ships of
war to Dartmoor and other prisons in England.
B, contains the names of those who were trans
ferred in likemarmer to prisons in the West-Indie
aiul Nova-Scotia.
C, the names of thase who were discharged
1'ugland from British ships of war since the peace.
JAMES MONROE.
Department of state, April 27, 1816.
The paper A. is headed, "LIST OF
of suffering and murder, JJartnwor, alone, there
were confined not less than seven hundred citizens
of that very state, who had been impre ssed and given
up as prisoners of -war! But our object is rather *o
excite a determination to resist, on the onset, such
' jractices in future, than stir up a spirit of, vengeance
for the past.
In list A.
B.
C.
RECAPITULATION.
1422 men..
158 men.
219 men.
1799 men.
•:N IMPRESSED ON UOAUD Unman PUBLIC SHIPS,
AND TRANSFERRED TO AND CONFINE* IN ENGLISH
nnsoxs AS PRISONERS OF WAR, TAKEN FROM
OFFICIAL LISTS FURNISHED I1T THE BRITITH Ai;-
THO1HTIKS, TO Tftli AMERICAN ACiEXTS ¥OH PRISON-
r.ns, IN IvUjsuoN."
Then follows tire names of fourteen hundred and
twenty-two brave fellows— shewing also "bv what
[British man of war, or under what circumstances
they were impressed or detained'' — "where first con-
f n led" — "date of release" — "in what vessel returned
to the United States" — and where they "arrived."
The paper B. contains— "A list of American seamen
IMPRESSED on board Jiritish public ships, and trans-
fared to and CON FINE)) IN PHISONS/U the West-In-
dies or *Vord Scotia; taken from lists furnished by
the BRITISH authorities to the American agents for
prison:- 1 • /'
This list contains one hundred and fifty -eight names,
with particulars as above.
The paper <;. is "A list of American seamen IMPRKSS-
T.J) on boar: I JMtish public ships, and discharged
therefrom in Kuylantl, SINCE THE PEA-CJ-:, furnished
I? it the rfmtrictm ajsnts in '
It will not be contended by the "ablest of our
writers," ascertain scribbling politicians were called
by the famous British emissary — that these lists
are exaggerated; for the first and second of them
are derived from "British authority." The British
government acknowledges that they made "prison-
ers of war" of 1580 American seamen who had in-
voluntarily, and by violence, came into their posses
sion, in time of peace.'
But these lists do not furnish any thing like the
*" j true amount of such persons gallantly captured on
• the high seas, and bravely forced into "his majesty's
prisons." There was, at one time, in Dartmoor
twenty three hundred and fifty American prisoners,
who had been impressed and given up as "prisoner.1
of war;" and they were the stoutest and ablest meu
in the depot — for the impressing officers had al
ways the ingenuity to discover tlmt the best and
strongest seamen on board an American ship were
Englishmen.' It is fairly to be presumed that this
•class of seamen, detained in all the British prisons (at
sea or on shore) would not have been short of four
thousand. A great many more were brutally kept to
what their masters called "duty," by whippings and
privations that the Algerine knows nothing of — and
many perished in resisting* the tyranny of the cold-
blooded villains who attempted to exercise com-
mand over them. We say attempted to exercise
command — for they suffered themselves to be starv-
ed and beaten to death, rather than light against
their country! Many have since been released, us
the ships were paid off' or laid up, and a few days
ago, almost a year and a half after the peaee, a
whole ship toad of such arrived at New-York!
The writer of a "Journal of a young man of Mas*
sachu.ietts," who went as a surgeon on board an
American privateer, and was captured and carried
to Halifax, and from thence to Dartmoor, relates
the following — we use his own words — "i give
it as the sufferer related it to us all, and a* con-
firmed by other testimony beside his own. The
WEEKLY REGISTER—ELECTION STATISTICS.
man declared himself to be an American, and as such,
asked for his discharge. The captain said he lied,
that lie was no American, but an Englishman, and
that he only made this declaration to get his liber-
ty; and he ordered him to be severely whipped; and
on every punishing day, he was asked if he still
persisted in Calling himself an American, and in re-
fusing to do duty? The man obstinately persisted.
At length the captain became enraged to a high
degree; he ordered the man to be stripped, and
tied up to the gratings, and after threatening him
With the severest flogging that was in his power to
inflict, lie asked the man if he would avoid tliepi^
nishment, and do his duty? "Yes," said the nrble
sailor, "/" will do ?m, duty, and that is to blow up
your ship the very first opportunity in my power."
This was said with a stern countenance, and a cor-
responding voice. The captain seemed astonished,
and first looking over his larboard shoulder, and
then over his starboard shoulder, said to his offi-
cers, this is a-damn'd queer felfow1 I do not believe
he is an Englishman. 1 suppose he is crazy; so you
may unlash him, boatswain; — and he was soon after
sent out of that ship into this prison ship. This
man will carry the murks of the accursed cat to hit
grave!"
Many extracts of this sort might be made from
the interesting little volume just quoted. It is fill'
of incident and instruction, and we wish it was in the
hands of every man in America. But it is, indeed
a tale of horror. It 15 known that the copy of r
similar journal, kept by another person who hac
been confined at Dartmoor, was bought up for 900
dollars, ami suppressed.
The life of an American seaman, impressed antl
held — confined and '.bused as they were on boarc
of British ships of War — exposed to all the casual
ties of a sea-faring life — battle, storm, climate ant
the thousand et cetera* so fatal to this class of pco
pie, cannot possibly be estimated at more than jlrt
yearn, for an average. It may, therefore, safely be
said that four thousand were discharged during am
since the war,, and that twelve thousand peruhed on
board the British ships before the war. The prac
tice commenced in Washington's administration, an*
was continued until the 18th of June, 1812, and
cannot but think that the estimate is very reason
able.
But the fact of making "prisoners of war" of mer
who had been impressed — who were acknowledged t
have been impressed, as the fact of "giving then
tip" undeniably proves, is something siti generis, and
so far as my reading goes, without parallel or prc
cedent, in ancient or modern times. Jionuparte
the "usurper and tyrant," gave some type of it, 01
the rupture of the treaty tf Amiens — but it was onl
a type, lie detained, rather than imprisoned (witi
only oae or two exceptions) several Englishmei
•who voluntarily came into his dominions and migh
have left them when they pleased, who happen e<
to be there when their government chose to renev
the war. We all recollect the sensibility this pro
fc-edure excited — a volume would not contain th<
"villains," ""usurpers," "tyrants," and the like, tha
the British press, on both sides of the water, h<Mp
ed on JCapuleon Bonaparte for this can.duct. Th
•newspapers teemed with columns upon columns o
Comments upon it — audit WHS spoken of with gre
warmth und indignation in parliament. We ha
before us a file of AieufiFtrk papers for 1803, where
in extracts from the London papers respecun»' it ar
frequently quoted; and the editor of theN.Y.*papei
commenting upon them, savs— "/« not such rrnduc
• /.<•- A
t not render the name of Bonaparte detest able through,
nt the world?11
We dismiss the subject without further remaik
— it is one that we always touch upon with relue-
ance, because it provokes feelings so difficult to
estrain within proper bounds — but so much we have
bought it a duty to rciy.
Election Statistics.
To a people so much interested in the business of
:lectfons as (blessed be CJm> for it!) the people of
he United Stater? are, it is important to the public
nstruction, as well as to gratify a laudable curi-
jsity, that exact accounts of the returns of votes,
hewing- the strength and progress of parties, in
!re several states, should be published arid pre-
en-cd.
Under these impressions, the. editor of the WKKK-
.r RiirjisfKK lias taken no little pains to insert such
"cturns in his work — but, from many causes, they
i-e so frequently given in the local papers in a man-'
er not calculated to satisfy the general Curiosity,
;hat a great a part of then' usefulness it lost; and it
dso happens, that the result of an election being
cnown, no exertion is made to shew, correctly, hovV
that, result was produced.
The propriety and utility of publishing these re.
turns in a clear and methodical manner, gave rise
to some correspondence with a very respectable
gentleman in New^Hampshire, who suggested the
expediency of obtaining, from some person quali-
fied to give information, in every state, a return of
the votes taken in the several counties or districts,
with a political designation of persons, to shew the
strength of parties 'therein. In reply, the eclitc r
stated the difficulties he had encountered in the
attempts he lull made to give these returns, and
invited him [the New-Hampshire gentleman] to
commence a new j.nd general system, by furnish int.-,
as briefly as was consistent with perspicuity, an
account of the 1 ite election in his own state, " This
he has done, in a very satisfactory manner (giveik be-
low) and we recommend the exhibit as a model for
gentlemen in other slates whose opinions accord
with our own on tin's subject, and are willing to de-
vote a few moments of leisure to f.irnish us with
similar returns from the several states of the union;
which Is respcctf illy invited. A general attention
to this request, it is believed, would not a little
gratify the wishes of the people at large.
in communicating the returns from New4Iamp-
shire, the gentleman observes — "A statement of
this kind from e*ich state, would enable you, once
A year, to form some curious and valuable tables."
The hint shall not be lost, if the means of giving
it operation can be obtained.
GOVERNMENT OF XEW-HAM!*SHIRE.
JUXK, 1815.
Kamcs of Federal gentlemen in
Governor.
Whole number of vot.es 39,055.
William Pinmer, 20,652
18,326
7.7
Scattering votes,
292
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JUNE 29, 1816,
Stra/ord—7261 votes.
Samuel Quarles, 8^6
Hilltborough — 8,830 votes.
Benjamin Pierce, 2148
Cheshire— 8,020 votes.
l*evi Jackson, 496
Graffon £# Coos-— 5,534 votes.
EHOC/I C:o%, 492
In the covmcil 3 republicans and 2 federalists.
William Badger, President.
Tor district No. 1. William Ham 1001 majority
2. Joseph Shepartl, 34
3. John Vose, 136
4. John Harvey, 275
5. Beard Plumer, 267
6. William Badger, 383
7. James Wallace, 585
8. Jonathan Harvey, 1546
9. Phinehas Henderson, 955
10. James H. Jiingham, 234
11. No choice by the people.
John Durkee, by the legislature.
12. No choice by the people.
Dan Young, by the legislature.
In the senate, 8 republicans and 4 federalists.
Levi Woodbury, Clerk.
Mid Foster, Assistant clerk.
HOUSE OF REPUESENTATIVES.
David L. Morrii, Speaker.
190 members — 15 to 18 republican majority.
Moses L. Neal, clerk.
Nathaniel Weave, assistant-clerk.
Samuel Sparhawk, secretary.
Payton R. Freeman, deputy-secretary.
William Pickering, treasurer.
Account of Brazil.
Extracted chiefly from the late work of Mr. J. Maine .
[This account also takes in a part of the provinces
of the Ilio- del Plata — and the reader will observe
that Mr. J\la-w<?9 work was written before, or
without regard to, the late revolution there —
which, with the changes in the manner- a..d ha-
bits of t.he people, &c. we intend ourselves to
notice hereafter, according to the best informa-
tion we can collect.]
We enter to give succinctly, in successive num-
bers, all the most valuable and interesting matter
contained in Mr. M awe's book of travels; because it
has just lately been published, of course has been
read by few of our readers; also, because it is the
onlv good account that we have of that country, as
no Englishman has ever been permitted to travel
1lr. augh it before Mr. Mawe, and principally because
that immense province is naturally as interesting as
:»ny country in the world, and has lately been the
would be one of the finest and hafv
t-st portions of the globe. The natural salubrity
and perpetual amenity of the climate, the inexhaus-
tible fertility of the soil, the richness and splendid
exuberance of the natural productions— the lovely
and picturesque scenery that charms the traveller
every where — The clumps of cedars, the groves of
palms — of spontaneous peach-trees, and great vari-
eties of other trees bearing delicious fruits, often
ornamented with the slender vines of different run-
ning plants, that spread their bright festoons from
limb to limb, and from tree to tree, until the luxu-
riance of nature looks like the decorations of fantas-
tic art— We shall not however detain the reader
with general remarks, but enter at once into the
description of each part, and particularly of the cu-
rious, interesting habits and manners of the people
who live that delightful country.
Monte Video enjoys few advantages except that
of commerce, and not even these in any considera-
ble degree, on account of the shallowness of the har-
bor, which does not well admit vessels above three
or four hundred tons burden; but chiefly on account
of the iwdolence, ignorance .of trade, national pre-
judice, superstition and temperance of its in-
habitants. ..The population amounts to between
15,000 and 20,000 souls, consisting of Spaniards,
Creoles, natives, blacks, and every intermixture of
those classes: an observation that may be consider-
ed as applying to the general population of the pro-
vince. "The town is upon a gentle elevation, at the
extremity of a small peninsula, and is walled en-
tirely round." There are few fine buildings, the
houses being generally only one story: and as the
streets have no pavements, they are always cover-
ed with mud or dust. Provisions are cheap and
abundant, particularly beef, but the pork through
the whole province is not eatable, because the hogs
live principally upon flesh. The inhabitants were
not opulent until lately, when by taking advantage
of the immense number of imprudent English spe-
culators, and by various other fraudulent means,
they have amassed great sums. "The ladies are
generally affable, polite, full of vivaiity, courteous
to strangers, very fond of dress, and very neat and
cleanly. They adopt the English costume at home,
but go abroad usally in black, and always covered
with a large veil or mantle." "The climate of Mon-
te Video is humid. In the winter^ months (June,
July and August) the weather is sometimes boister-
ous, and in summer the serenity of the atmos-
phere is frequently interrupted by tremendous thun-
der storms;" and "the people are annoyed with mus-
quitoes, and with the swarms of flies that are pro-
duced by the foolish exposure of great quantities of
meat and offal."
"The vicinity of Monte Video is agreeably diver-
sified with low gently-sloping hills, vailies water-
ed by beautiful rivulets," "but there is little of the
embellishments ot cultivation — few enclosures ex-
scene of a series of events of the most momentous' cePl tne gardens of the principal merchants; and in
character.
We do not intend to give what is called a "review"
of tue \vork before us, we shall not even confine
our Delves to it, but take freely from others whatever
limy add *o the value of our own account. And as
•we intend to give statistical tables of the whole of
South America, as soon as a sufficient quantity of
mater can be collected und arranged; we shall there-
C'.-neraily omit in this, such matter as should
i.otmvilly be transferred to those tables.
AH the writers who describe Brazil speak of it
as a cou.ury, dial, were it inhabited by an enter-
yvizing people, and imder the influence bf a wise
general a want of sylvan scenery to complete the
landscape." Wood is scarce in this part of the pro-
vince, except along the shores of the streams, but
it might be easily produced, as the soil is extreme-
ly rich, the stratum of vegetable earth being some-
times above two yards thick.
Berriga Negra comes next in our order of de-
scription. As our traveller was commanded to go
into the interior, and not approach within forty
leagues of .Monte Video, he chose this place, h be-
ing about KrJ miles to the north east of Monte Vi-
deo, 120 from Maldonado, and 20 from the town of
Minas. Barriga Negra is properly the name of a
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTERS-ACCOUNT OF BRAZIL.
293
small river that f'.ows into the lak? o!' M'.-ni. K is
a cattle breeding country, as it is calcinated that
each square league susvuns from 1500 to 2000 head.
"The flocks are kept by men from Paraguay called
feons, who live in hovels constructed at conveniem
distances for that purpose." Ten thousand head
are allotted to four or five Peons, who collect them
every evening and morning, and once or twice a
month drive them into pens to be kept for a night.
By these means they are all rendered tame and gen-
tle. Breeding alone is attended to; neither butter
nor cheese is made, and railk is scarcely known as
an article of food. "The constant diet of those peo-
ple morning, noon and night, is beef, eaten almost
always without bread, and frequently without salt."
In addition to this however they take copious
draughts of an infusion of the herb M tfe, which is
in general use, not only in Brazil but in the neigh-
boring provinces, being used in the same manner
that tea is with us.
The houses of the Peons are mostly formed of
upright posts, interwoven with small branches of
trees, plaistered with mud inside and outside, and
the roof thatched with long grass and rushes. "The
door is a wicker- w rk, or else a green hide stretch-
ed on sticks, and removable at pleasure." "The
furniture consists of the scalps of horses made to
serve for seats, and of hides stretched to lie upon
The principal if not the sole cooking utensil is a
rod or spit of iron stuck into the ground in a posi-
tion so as to incline over the fire. The beef spitted
upon this instrument is left to roast until the side
next the fire is judged to be sufficiently done, and
then jt is twisted round until it is all cooked."
Very few females are to be found among the Peons
—a man may travel a whole day without seeing or
'hearing of one. "To this circumstance may be at
tributed the total absence of domestic comfort ii
the dwellings of these wretched men, and the gloo
my apathy observable in their dispositions and ha
bit. It is true the mistress of an estate may occa
sionally visit it for a few months, but she is obligee
during her stay to live in great seclusion on accoun
of the dreadful consequences to be apprehendei
from being so exposed."
"The dexterous mode in which the Peons catci
their cattle by throwing a noose over them has bee
frequently described, but certainly no descriptio
can do full justice to their agility.'" The methoi
of catching horses by means of balls at the end
of leather thongs is similar to the other but mor
unerring.
Mr. Mawe relates an incident that had occurre
before his arrival there, that gives a striking idea c
the skill and courage which those Peons possess. —
There was a mulatto woman among them, strong
active, masculine, accustomed to catching horse
cattle, and doing other kinds of men's work, be
ing hired as a Peon. "One day as she was passin
a rivulet, she observed a large tyger at no grea
distance. Surprised that the animal did not stea
away, as is generally the case, she drew nearer, sti
keeping her horse's head from him, so as to be re
dy to gallop off if he should make a spring. H
was still inattentive and motionless; the woman ob
serving this, amUhinking he ailed something, afte
some minutes pause, backed her horse until si
came within twenty yards of him; she then thre
her noose over his neck and instantly galloped a\vj
with him to a consider .ble distance. Whether i
or not before, she knew he must be then dead, s
she alighted, flayed him, and carried the skin horn
as a trophy."
f'The horses live only on grass. They are spiritec
id hardy, being ar.cir- omerl to bad treatment. —
hey seldom work more than a week at a time
id are then turned out to pasture for months to-
ether." Thev have a singular and simple w/v of
aining them to dr vv. ''No harness is nvdp use of,
it a saddle or pad girted on and a leather thong
stened to the girth at each side." "The girths
re generally formed of shreds of green hide or of
ie sinews of the neck The horses are never shod,
he mares are kept only for breeding, and as \\-ood
scarce in this p trt a flock of them is sometimes
illed, and the carcasses, with the exception of the
ides and tails, are used for fuel.
'Trained lior.-es are from five to seven dollars;
orned cattle by the herd of a thousand at two dol-
rs a head. Mares at three rials (1?. &d.?) each.
>epp are scarce and never eaten, they are kept by
>me for the sake of the wool which is made into
ocks for bedding.
"A s' ranker sees with regret that while nauire
as been prof ise of her blessings here the inhabi-
ants are all neglectful of them. There is abun-
ance of wood along the margins of the river, ye it
5 rare to meet with an enclosure even for a gan''.j.;
'lough ing is performed by the help of two oxen
oked to a crooked piece of wood which is ab;mt
our inches in diameter and pointed at t,je end. Vf-
er the ground has been a little torn up, the wheat
s sown, hut they make no attempt to clear it from
oxious weeds; so that wild oats, poppies, &.c. thrive
mong it in thick luxuriance. Indian corn, beans,
rtelons &c. are all treated in a similar wav." The
irheat is not threshed buc trodden out by "making a
icrd of mares run over a parcel of sheaves in a pen
nade of rail and hides. It is cleaned by emptying
basket-fulls of it before the wind, it is then served
up in green hides and sent to the sea ports.
Potatoes would thrive here abundantly as would
jvery species of fruit belonging to the" temperate
zone; but this indolent people are neglectful of
them and of every thing else that could better their
condition. They are generally honest, ignorant,
varmless, fond of drinking, and particularly fond of
imbling.
Great numbers of wild animals breed here. Ty
^ers, ounces and lions are common; but us they
and abundance of young cattle, which being their
chief prey, they are heavy and sluggish, so that they
rarely attack people. There are herds of small
deer, so that it would be a fine country for the
sportsman, but the dogs are good for nothing. —
"There is an animal of the pig kind, called the pig
of the wood, which has an aperture in its back, f.om
which it emits an intolerable stench when closely
pursued." If the part be cut out as soon as the ani-
nal is killed, it affords good eating, but if neglected
for only a short time, the taint contaminates the
whole carcase. There is another of the oppossum
kind called a Zurilla. When attacked, it emits a lj
quor of so pungent a nature, that if it fulls on
clothes, the smell can hardly be removed from
them. The Zurilla is fond of eggs and poultry, and
sometimes enters houses inquest of them; in Which
case, the inhabitants immediately leave .heir visi-
tant in quiet possession as long as it chooses to
stay, fo, the least attempt to drive it out would ex
pose them to an ejectment from the premises fo:«
ever. There are parroquets here in immense flocks,
pigeons, great red legged partridges, and small
Ones, wild ducks, wild turkies, and great numbers
of a large species of ostriches.
Buenos Ayres is the capital of the country of that
name; it stands on the south side of Rio de la Pla-
ta, adjoining a small river. Helms says it contains
NILES5 WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JUNE 29, 1816.
SJO.OOO inhabitants, and sir Home Popham says
70,000; but Mr. Mawe, without noticing any of
their estimates, supposes the population to exceed
60,000 souls. There is little attention paid here
to purity of blood, so that there is a variety, almost
infinite, in the intermixture of the different nations
and colors. But with regard to the classes of so-
ciety, thi.' difference is very great. The first is the
commercial class; and in it, every one, from the opu-
lent trader in his warehouse to the huckster at the
corner of the sireet, is dignified with the title of
merchant; though from the want of practical know-
Jedg*, so necessary in commerce, few of them have
any ju3t claim to the title.
The mo.,t considerable houses are almost all
branches of F.nropcan establishments; of the inferior
orders, are the warehousemen, who sell earthen glass,
drugs, &c. the shop-keepers, who sell clothes and
dry goods. There are about six hundred of them.
Thirdly, the "pnlperos, who retail liquors, candles,
sausages, salt, bread, spices, wood, grease, brim-
stone, &c." In the city there are about seven hun-
dred of them, and each one is more or less in the
interest of some rich man. Their shops are gene-
rally the lounging places of the idle and dissipated.
Arul bstly, a kind of merchants who enrich them-
selves by monopolizing victuals, forestalling the
markets,' £ce,
The next class of inhabitants consists of the pro-
prietors of estates, who in general are Creoles. Ow-
ing to the defective state of agriculture and the
imposition practised upon them, they seldom de-
rive much revenue from their estates. The mere
agriculturist, notwithstanding the thousand natural
Advantages he enjoys, or m>y enjoy, is here count-
ed as of ihe least consequence in society.
The third class is composed of tradesmen, who
receive great wages, but seldom realize much pro-
perty. The journevnien are mostly people of co-
lor, und the maste.-s chiefly foreigners, for the
S;> nurds despise the trades,
Tlie fourth class comprehends the office-holders.
The goad places, that is, the sinecures, are gene-
rally in the jsands of Spaniards; the least profitable
und most troublesome posts- are fdled by Creoles.
'ihe fifth
prudent, mild and generous, and were they mcler
a good government, they would no doubt be freed
from the superstition and looseness of moral prin-
cipal which seems to be very prevalent among
them.
The commerce of this part of the province i>; very
interesting', and would be very valuable under good
regulations. The subject is extensive, and can be
given more regularly und briefly in the statistical
account of the country, which we intend to publish
by itself. But the manner in which most of their
articles of export are procured ought rather to be
described her*;. As for instance, the hides, the
great staple of their commerce, are procured from
the immense herds of wild oxen found on the "pam-
pas," or great plain, which commences about twenty
miles from the capital, and extends a hundred miles
westward to the foot of the mountains, and five hun-
dred southward towards Chili. About twenty hun-
ters will proceed together, on horseback, to this
great savanah, eac'i one having in his hand a large
stick, shod with iron and very sharp, with which
they strike the oxen on the hind legs. So adroit
are" they, that they almost always cut the sinews
above the joint. The animal soon falls, after being
thus struck, and cannot rise again. The hunters,
instead of stopping, pursue the other oxen at full
gallop, with the reins loose, striking in the same
manner all they overtake; and thus, twenty men will,
with ease, fell seven or eight hundred in an hour.
When they are tired of this exercise they dismount
to rest, and afterwards knock on the head the oxen
they have wounded. After taking the skin, and
sometimes the tongue and suet, they leave the rest
for the birds and beasts of prey.
The rivers and sea supply all kinds of fish; the
country abounds with grain; the fruits of all quar-
ters of the globe grow here in the utmost perfec-
tion;" "particularly the Jurasne, a very delicate
fruit, the tree of which is nearly similar to the peach
tree, but larger. These trees are so numerous in the
province that they afford the only wood that is used
for fuel."
Buenos Ayres has its name from the fineness of
the climate, but although the climate is both plea-
sant and healthy, there is a great difference in the
is the military. They were for-
merly very ignorant of their profession. The prin-
cipal i-.rnbi'.i.m of the officers was to obtain com- j The port of St. Catherine's is in 29° of south lati-
jnand in some frontier to ;vns, where they might en- i hide, separated from the continent by a strait,
rich themselves by smuggling. yjie private's werej which, in some places, is not half a league wide,
fiplined, ill-dressed and ill-paid. A force of! "We made the island," says Mr. Mawe, "at suiu-
ten was formerly kept ia the territory, buti rise, and were delighted with the grand and pic-
it vtas afterwards reduced to less than a half of that- Uiresque view of its conical rocks, rising abruptly
mniiOtr — and they have since been disbanded. j from the sea, embellished with the lofty mountains
"The sixth class is the clergy, in number about of Brazil, covered with wood, in the back ground."
a thousand. The seculars are distinguished by I From the landing-place, which is at the bottom of
their learning and honor, from the friars', who are in i a verdant slope of about five hundred yards, the
general so grossly ignorant and superstitious, that, town has a most beautiful appetirance; ;>nd the
they render no re;tl service to the public in any
way: but rather tend to disturb the minds of the
honest and well-disposed.
The seventh class is composed of strollers, call-
perspective is crowned by its fine cathedral. The
green is interspersed with orange trees, and forms
a most agreeable promenade. The town may con .
tain from five to six thousand inhabitants. "The
ed Gauderois, who resemkle the gypsies. The na-! houses are well built, being of two or three stones,
tural abundance of the country furnishes sufficient i and are provided with neat gardens, well stocked
for their subsistence, without labor, and they rest! with excellent vegetables. The produce of the.
satisfied with tha.t. They are ill-clothed; their island consists of rice, maize, mandioca, sugar, in-
whole dress consisting only of a coarse shirt and
worse upper garment. This dress, together with
their horse furniture, serves them for bedding, and
their saddles for pillows. They stroll about with a
kir.d of small guitars, to the notes of which they
ting ballads.
The general character of the people is repre-
sented to be good. They seem to be tractable,
digo, excellent coffee, oranges, perhaps the finest
in the world, and a variety of other fruits. A pro-
fusion of flowers indicates the general nature of
the climate; the rose andthe jessamine are in bloom
all the year round. Myrtles appear in all parts, and
a beautiful variety of the passion flower u; found in
abundance. Fish, meat of all kinds, potatoes, ami
other provisions are good, plentiful and chop. The
NTLES' WEEKLY REGISTER— STATISTICAL ARTICLES.
295
people are civil and courteous to strangers. The
ladies are handsome and lively: their chief employ-
ment is making lace, in which they display great
ingenuity and taste. The climate is serene and
wholesome, the solstitial heats being1 constantly
moderated by the fine south-west breezes which
prevail from April to August, and the north-east
from September to March.
Of the fortresses which defend the island the best
is Santa Cruz, which stands on the western side of
the entrance of St. Catharine harbor. Off this there
is safe anchorage for afieet of men of war, and the
harbor may be entered by vessels of three hundred
tons. There are four other forts, Porto Groed,
R-itanes, Estreito and Coneepcao. The number of
inhabitants in the island is estimated at thirty thou-
sand.
Statistical Articles.
FUXDS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. — The report of the
committee, appointed to settle with the treasurer
during the recess, was submit. ted to the legislature
on the 7th instant, and referred to a committee.
By this report it appears the amount of stock in
the funds, owned by the state, is now reduced to
$156,296 42 — that the sum received the last year on
acc'junt of principal of that stock, is $10,380 91,
and the amount of interest $7,488 49— that thi
amount has been converted into certificates of the
new stock in the funds of the United States, bear-
ing i;n interest of 7 per cent. — that/j§28,000 princi-
pal and $3,680 interest have been discharged of tlu
wionies borrowed in 1814 — that the amount of ex
penses of government, for the last year, including
§299 88 paid for bounties on hemp, killing woh'es
and wild-cats, and $3000 for the use of the state
prison, was §30,438 34— and that the cash now in
the treasury is §11,524 88.
CIRCLEVILLE, O. — From an Ohio paper — In the
county of Pickaway, justly celebrated throughout
the United States, for its "extensive natural plains,
and hardly less celebrated for fertility of soil, is Cir-
cleville. The county is south of Franklin, is north
of lloss; is level, and contains few miles, which i
small portion of labor would not convert into a gar
den. Much of it is in this state without the effort
of art. The plains, known by the name of Picka-
way plains, on which neither trees nor shrubs were
ever discovered, although spacious forests close
them with almost the preciseness of a mathema-
tical circle, are level as the surface of the ocean,
and of extent equally evasive of the grasp of the
eye. They are in a good state of cultivation, pro
ducing wheat in quality, the best; and in quantity
little exceeded in the state. Circleville is the shire
town of this county. It is situated about a half mi..
east of the Scioto", in 5 deg. 50 minutes west of Phi
ladelphia; and 39 deg. 40 minutes north latitude
It is 26 miles south of Columbus. Bountifully fee
by the richest veins from a fruitful neighboring
country, it has within five or six years, risen to i
town of inhabitants, of business and wealth. Fev
towns in the state have risen so rapidly; and proba
biy no one, which has depended so little on navi-m
lion. It was incorporated in 1813, and at this tinv
it contains eleven mercantile stores. The coin-
house, in symmetry, with the plan of the town, i.
octagonal. Circleville is a curiosity, on account o
Hs site and form. The site is on two mounds o
earth, one circular, the other square. The area o
each is nearly equal and together contain ncarl
JO acres. The former is enclosed with tv/o circum
vallaUons, whose perpendicular heigh* is p-oh iH
fteen feet above the adjoining ditch. Tn the cen
re of the town, is a small vacant circle. Cmanat-
ng from this focus, the streets diverge in regular
adii, intersecting the walls at equal distances. The
own is mostly built on the circle, and hence derives
ts name. The novelty of this amphitheatre is not
scribable to the builders of the town; but to the
Ian which an unknown cause has designated. The
quare is on the east of the circle. On it a few
uildings ai'e erected, and when this fanciful circle
i wholly occupied will probably rival it in magnifi-
ence, excel it in convenience and symmetry, though
vatify curiosity less with the splendor of novelty.
LAND SLIP. — Tronsheltn, (~JYorivai>,j JMurclt 10. —
A. curious occurrence took place here on the 7th
list. A portion of land, amounting to 120 Knglish
.cres, and 60 feet deep, slid with a tremendous
:rash into the river Nid, about a quarter of a mile
rom store Foss. This happened during :\ hard
rost, (130 degrees Reaumur) without giving any
)revious notice, and from a quantity of the groi;;^!
eing clayey, with a moderate ascent from the rive:-,
ppears wholly unaccountable. Of Tiller chare!:,
dwelling house, and bridge, which stood on this
pot, not a vestige is to be seen — the ruins are ei'hcr
>uried or dispersed. You may form some idea of
he force with which this mass of earth fell, -when
tell you, that a considerable portion of it was
.brown several hundred yard.* distant from the
•iver on the opposite bank,' where it destroyed two
muses with some of the unfortunate inhabitants.
The owner of Tiller farm perished by returning to
the house to look after one of his children. It is not
yet ascertained how many lives are lost; eightceu-
are known to have been buried or drowned, and 40
lorses, besides cows, &c. A very fine lad of 17,
ivho was to have worked in our work, lost his life.
One man saved himself in a remarkable manner : he
.vas the foremost of 14 or 15 peasants, who were
•eturning home to Seiboe, from bringing timber fur
:he buildings attached to our work, and was so
icar the spot, that he heard the owner of Tiller cry
•or help — he immediately resolved to retrace his
steps; the other poor wretches endeavoured to reach
the shore through a deep snow, and perished with
their horses; most of them had two.
The man who saved himself had a very good
xorse, and by keeping himself full speed be escaped
on shore by store Foss; the river pur.suing him dose
with the rapidity of lightning— his feelings inay K:
better conceived than described during this" re-
markable race. — Our work is luckily escaped unin.
ured, although threatened witlj ruin. V. Krough has
>therwise suffered considerably, yet mostly at stor-j
Fos3, where a flour mill has quite disayjpe'ared, the
saw -mills almost destroyed, ard Jams ^vrn;-<l awav
or the amount of 2000=f. A summer lanise, \viiicli
stood between great and. little Foss, a short distance
from the river, was tarried in an upright position,
as it stood on sh..;ye, with two boats chained to it,
and in that maimer precipitated down little For, ,
It is impossible for me to describe the singular up,,
pearauce all this had and stiii lias. The Fiord "is
discolored with muddy water to a great extent, and
will probably continue so for mWths. We arc
.o lo think the clanger is now ove4', thonglj
this is uncertain, till the stream cuts itself a pro~>tv
passage.
Abstinence— "More than sixty individuals in London
have, for above three years, subsisted wholi- o;u
vegetables, fruits and distilled water, en joying duiv
ing that period robust health, and an 'exemption
from those maladies which, under the direction of
»r J/unb?, led to their a.-ioptioji of fhis wimple •$».
£96
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY. JUNE £9, IBlb.
gimen. The editor of the Monthly Magazine, from
considerations of a different nature, lias abstaine
from all animal food foi three and thirty years; bi
Dr. Lambe carries his abstinence still further, b
abstaining from ail stimulants which excite thir
so that we are told he does not drink a pint of an
liquid in a month.
One of the disciples of Dr. Lambe, Mr. Newton
of Chiche-iter street, London, has published, uncle
the title of "a return to nature," a very ing-eniou
,an 1 able illustration of the system, which merits th
no i^e of th e inquisitive and philosophical part of th
public.
MJ.SONIC. — At a septennial meeting of the genera
fr.*'H! chapters royal arch masons, for the Unite
ia es of America, held in the city of New-York, o
the 6th of June, 1316, at which were present repre
scntatives from the grand, chapters of the states
Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connect!
cut, New-York, M:<rd'and and South-Carolina. TJ
following gentlemen were duly elected and instal
led into the office;; affixed to their respectiv
names: —
The hon. De Witt Clinton, of New- York, G. G. 1]
Priest.
Thomas S. Webb, esq. of Massachusetts, D. G. G
H. Priest.
John H. Lynde, esq. of Connecticut, G. G. King.
Philip !' Ei . esq. of Maryland, G. G. Scribe.
John Abbr-.. i., gsq. of Massachusetts, G. G. Secre
tary.
Peter Grinnel, esq. of Rhode-Island, G. G. Trea
surer.
The rev. Jonathan Nye, of Vermont, G. G. Chap
lain.
John Harris, esq. of New-Hampshire, G. G. Mai-
shall
STKAM. — Prophecy fulfilling — Twenty years ago
in reply to a gentleman who expressed an opinior
that the power of steam was too difficult to obtaii
and too troublesome to manage to be applied tc
useful purposes, the editor of the Weekly Registe
heard Mr Oliver. Evans say — "of steam, sir, \v<
know little as ycl but that it has a power — but we
shall manage \\ hy :'.nd bye with so much simplicity
that the women will use it for the common purpb
ses of housewifery— they ivitt wash their clothes witt
it." He added, "I believe the man is now liviru
that will see the Ohio and Mississippi covered wit!
steam boats — -and that the child is- 'born that wil
travel from Boston to Philadelphia, in a steam wag
gon, in one day of 24 hours!"
A late London paper says — A very ingenious gen
tleman of Exeter is about to introduce an improve-
ment in family washing, by substituting the action
of steam on the foul linen, for the manual labor ol
rubbing, fhs method has already been tried, and
i-vmua to answer so well, that two thirds of the la
bpr, as well as of the expense, will be saved by the
new process.
TREASrUY CIUCt'LATi.
Treasury Department, March 16, 1816.
1. British vessels arriving within the ports of the
United States, are to pay no higher or other dudes
or charges than those payable by vessels of the
United States. Articles of the growth, product or
manufacture of the European territories of his Bri-
tannic majesty, imported in British vessels, arc to
be admitted to entry, upon the payment of the same
duties as the existing laws impose upon similar ar-
ticles, imported in vessels of the United States. —
The equali/j.'.aoii is also to be extended to all port
charges, including an exoneration from the charges
of bght money.
2. The equalization of the duties and charge*
takes effect, at the date of the ratification of the con-
vention, which was on the 22c/ of December, 1815.
If, therefore, you have in any instance, on or after
that day, exacted the alien duties or charges upon
the entry, of British vessels, or of articles the growth
produce or manufacture of his Britannic majesty's
territories in Europe, imported in British vessels,
you will be pleased to refund to the proper party,
the difference between the alien and domestic du-
ties and charges.
3. It is proper, however, to add negatively, that
the equalization of duties and charges does not ex-
tend to British vessels and their cargoes, arriving in
the ports of the United States from his Hritannic
majesty's possessions in the West-Indies, and oi\
the continent of North-America, nor to articles im-
ported in British vessels, unless such ai'ticles are of
the growth, produtje or manufacture of his Britan-
nic majesty's territories in Europe.
(Signed) A. J. DALLAS,
Secretary of the treasury.
To -, collector of .
AFHICAJ? INSTITUTION-. — Extract front the inin:i'.
'fthe "J\ew- York African Institution."
June 6, 1816.— The society met for the purpos.
>f obtaining information from captain Paul CutFee,
respecting- certain individuals and families of colour,
whom he carried from the United States in Decem-
r last.
After an examination of various documents which
le produced, relative to these persons, and th"
general state of the people of Sierre Leone, the fol-
"owing resolutions were adopted :
Resolved unanimously, That the society is well
satisfied, that the intentions of captain Cuff'ee, in
aking- those persons on board his vessel, were the
most pure, honorable, aad benevolent, and that he.
las done every thing in his power to make their
emigration advantageous to them.
Resolved unanimously, That for the information
if the friends of those persons, and of all others who
nay feel interested in the subject, it is expedient
hat the sense of the society, as expressed in the
bregoing resolution, be published; and also the
bllowing certificates of the landing of those persons
it Sierra Leone.
(COPY.)
Freetown, Pierre JUeone, April 4, 1816.
This is to certify, that Perry Locks, Samuel
lughes, Robert Rigsby, Peter "Wilcox, Thomas
arvis, William Guim, Samuel Wilson, Antonio
Savance, and Charles Colwmbtne, and their families,
irought from America by captain Paul Cuff'ee, have
rrived in the colony of Sierra Leone, and are now
esiding therein. JAMES WISE,
Secretary to the Friendly Society
To all -whom it may concern.
(COPY.)
Sierre Leone, March, 21, 1816.
HP capt. Paul Cvjfee, brig Traveller,
Sfli — lam directed by his excellency governor
1'Carthy, to acknowledge the receipt of your note
nclosing certificates, from various respectable per-
ons in the United States, of the good characters
fthe people whom you have lately brought to this
olony as settlers. His excellency has observed,
itli much satisfaction, their steady sober conduct
nee the time of their arrival; and feels fully con-
need that the certificates you have forwarded for
is examination, were well deserved by the re-
tective parties to whom they were given. With re
jectto the sum of 432 dollars and 62 cents, which
ju have kindly and humanely advanced to the
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTERS-STATISTICAL ARTICLES.
297
settlers since they landed, his excellency assures1
•**\, that he will take every means to procure a re-
payiaent of that sum from his majesty's govern-
ment, «s he entertains no doubt but that the same
privilege \viil be extended to them, as were granted
to the NOVA Sco.ians in 1792. It appears by the
letter of Mr. W. Allen to you, that application hud
been made for a year's provisions for all the passen-
gers you might bring- out as colonists; and there is
little doubt, but that request is already acceded
to. The money you have advanced, being intended
to pi ar as possible, their present comfort
and future advantage, does away the necessity of
any further supplies of that nature. — His excellency
will take the earliest measures to get the amount
paid to any person whom you may point out as your
agent, authorised to receive it.
I am, sir, your obedient servant,
JOHN MESIER.
Signed in behalf of the New York
African society,
ABRAHAM THOMPSON, pres't.
MECIIAJUSM. — From the Washington City Gazette—
Mr. Crosbie, an ingenious and well known gentle
man, who has devoted his life to the study of me
chanics, has lately invented, and put in motion in
this city, ». self-supplying water wheel, the surplus
;power of which is applicable to mills and other ob-
jects in any situation where water can be procured,
without the necessity of a/aff, be. It promises to
be of general utility Mr. Crosbie, we understand,
has nearly completed a model, which he means to
deposit in the patent office.
LAW CASE. — From the National .Advocate — We r.e-
c.ollect having, some months ago, stated a circum-
stance of a decision of the hon. sir William Scott,
which, although it did not come .within the pale oi
our own knowledge, we have from a friend, who, if
doubted, can be adduced, and we may be excused
in again repeating it here. An American vessel,
during the time of the strict enforcement of the
Berlin and Milan decrees, was taken possession ot
by a Danish privateer in the North-Sea. The Ame
rican crew after some hours, and signals and ar-
rangement shaving been made therefor, rose upon the
Danes, retook their vessel, and proceeded towards
the English channel. Neither cruisers or other ves-
sels were in sight — but, on the next day, while in the
English channel,and bound to Portsmouth, they were
boarded by a British frigate, who heard the story
of their last night's adventure, and said she would
see them safe in, and offered them hands to navi-
gate the vessel. This was refused by the Americans,
\vil\\ thanks. The frigate, however, over-anxious,
insisted on two men going onboard in case he pri-
soners should rise, and, true to his word, saw the
vessel safe into port. Instantly, on arrival, the two
English sailors libelled the vessel for salvage by the
frigate. This caxise was tried before the hon. sir
Win. Scott, when, after hearing all the evidence, he
pronounced in favor of the English libellants in
words to this effect:
We will admit that the Americans did themselves
retake their own vessel, but at the same time, al-
though, according to their deposition, no British ves-
sel was in sight, yet such no doubt was the case,
und the knowledge that British vessels were ii
those seas, stimulated them to make the attempt,
which otherwise they never would have bad the
courage or audacity to have made ! ! — Verdict foi
salvage for the English libellants ! ! !
Grain — The annual consumption of grain of everv
kind, in England, is 20,600,800 quarters, and in
•Jcotland, 3,988,400; making1 the consumption of
reat Britain 24,589,200 quarters; of which no less
than l,762,li>0 quarters are consumed in London,
Westminster and their suburbs.
Dismal swamp — An extensive canal has been late-
ly opened through this extensive marsh. One in-
dividual, living in a small town of North-Carolina,
has transmitted through this canal, since the 8th of
December last, 41 M. pipe, 193 do. hhd. and 230
do. bbl. staves, 478 do. shingles, 2252 bbls. corn,
10,000 Ibs. bacon, 370 bbls tar, 470 do. pitch, and
69 casks flaxseed.
JOUIIN'AL OF AJf IMPRESSED A1WEU1C VX SEAMAN. —
From the Baltimore Patriot. — I sailed from Balti-
more, aged 13, in the Maryland, captain GAUDVKK.
f >r Amsterdam, in 1801, and with the ship's com-
pany was paid oflfin the Diep. After that ship was
sold, and no passage being there to be got, I paid
my passage on board a fishing boat for England;
there I sailed out during three years, and was im-
pressed in their navy on the first day of February,
1804, and drafted to the Montagv.e 74, the loth of
the same month; in which I remained until the first,
of May, 1811. Then I was permitted to go on shoro
for two weeks; during that time 1 made a personal
application to the American consul, and was told
that an order had been sent down to his majesty's
ship Montague, in 1806, for my discharge, which
I never heard any thing- about until my return to
England at the time mentioned above. I was like-
wise desired to make a fresh application, when 1
did that, I joined my ship, and was told that in three
weeks or one month at farthest, I should be released
from the service, which never came to PASS, and I
must needs say that they behaved very ungenerously
towards me, and to many others besides myself. I
was, after leaving the Montague, sent on board the
America 74; from her I was turned over to the
Egmont, 74 guns. On board the latter, I continued
until the 21st day of May, 1813; then I ran away
from the said ship, after serving in her two years,
and went up to London, where I was again impressed
on the 9th of August following, and sent down to
the Namur as an Englishman, because I had no docu-
ments to prove my being an American; and from her
was i-gain drafted to the Cumberland 74, on the
20th of said month. In her I continued until 1815
— in June last, I was once more drafted to the Queen
Charlotte, 110 guns; from which ship I was with
many other American seamen, having no other or
any more services for us to perform, paid off on the
23d day of August, 1815, and sent on shore. Dur-
ing the time I was up the Mediterranean — I rau
away from the Montague twice, and was brought
back, and punished each time.
Whilst I was in their service, I made applications,
to Mr. Erwin, Mr. Lyman, and Air Beasley, ot"
whom I received answers, stating that the lords of
the admiralty would not permit of my discharge,
owing to my being a volutarily entered seaman, as
they -n'cre pleased to term me.
AQUILA JOHNS HALL.
Baltimore June 13, 1816.
[The preceding article is mainly inserted to shew
the continual change of ships to which American sea-
men were subjected, to conceal them from their
friends. This was systematic.]
RKMKDY FUR THE GOUT. — From the Belfast Com-
mercial Chronicle — It is well known that the empe-
ror Nupoleon was an effective protector of the arts
and sciences, but it is not so generally .understood,
that whenever any important discovery was made,
in any branch of the arts or sciences, he set negoci-
ations on foot to purchase the secret of the inven-
tion, with a view to publish it in the Moniteur, not
298 NILES' WEEKLY UEGISTER^ATUttDAY, JU^E 29y 1816;
only for the benefit of France, but of the world at
large. The remedy for the gout, by Dr. Pradier,
was tli en purchased by Napoleon at the price of
2,5001. sterling, paid from his private purse, and
tiic formula was immediately published in the Mo-
niteur as follows: — Take
ttalm of Mecca — six drachms,
Tied bark — one ounce,
Saffron — half an ounce,
Sarsaparilla — one ounce,
Sage — one ounce,
Rectified spirits of wine — three pounds.
Dissolve, separately, the balm of Mecca, in one-
third of the spirits of wine? macerate the rest of
the substances in the remainder, for forty-eight
hours — filter and mix the two liquors. For use,
the tincture obtained is mixed with twice or thrice
the quantity of lime water; the bottle must be shak-
en, in order to mix th,e precipitate, settled at the
bottom by standing.
The following is a mode of employing the re-
medy:—
A poultice must be prepared of linseed meal,
which must be of a good consistency, and spread
very hot, of the thickness of a finger, on a napkin,
so as to be able to surround the part affected; if it
be required for both legs, from the feet to the knees,
it will take about three quarts of linseed meal.
When the poultice is prepared and as hot as the
patient can bear it, about two ounces of the prepar-
ed liquor must be poured equally over the whole
of the surface of each, without its being imbibed;
the part affected is then to be wrapped up in it, and
bound up with flannel and bandages to preserve the
heat. The poultice is generally changed every
twenty-four hours, sometimes at the end of twelve.
It would be whimsical if the prince regent of
England were to be cured of this tormenting and
.dangerous disease, by a remedy for which he would
be evidently indebted to the public spirit Mid libe-
rality ~(of Napoleon.
Turtle suup. — An advertisement in a Pittsburg pa-
per gives notice of the opening of a house for the
sale of turtle soup, &.c. — Pretty well this, for the
"back-woods."
Smuggling. — A Pittsburg paper of the 15th inst.
•contains four advertisements of the marshal of
Michigan for the sale of goods attempted to be
smuggled into that territory.
The Virginia board of public -works closed their
first session at Richmond on the 15th inst. to meet
.again on the first Monday of November next.
During their sitting, they made provision
1st. For purchasing a common seal.
2nd. For procuring such treatises on the struc-
ture of roads and canals, or plans, maps and draw-
ings, illustrative thereof, or on any other branches
of civil engineering, together with such histories of
public works of that description without the com-
monwealth, as may aid the board in the execution
of their duties.
3d. For receiving and preparing a catalogue of
books, plans, or drawings, presented to the board,
find sate keeping of the books and documents be-
longing to the board.
4th. For creating a contingent fund of §3000 to
meeting any expenses incurred in providing a chart
of eacli county and a map of the whole state — or any
others, for which there is no specific appropriation.
5th. For procuring a civil engineer.
The board also entered into resolutions,
1st. To request information from the chartered
companies the stock of which constitutes part of the
fund for internal improvement, as to the situation of
said companies, the number of miles which the}'
have improved, their debts, tolls, and obstacle to
be overcome;
2d. To enquire of the James River company, on
what terms they will extend the navigation to the
mouth of Dunlop's Creek, with the approbation of
the general assembly.'
The board waived the recommendation of any
particular object to the patronage of the general
assembly — but, they designated in so many reso-
lutions certain objects, as being probably the most
extensive or difficult of any of the works which
may hereafter claim the patronage of the legisla-
ture, viz;
1st. The opening of the navigation of the Roanoke
and its branches;
2nd. An artificial road from near Abingdon to
Lynchburg;
3d. A road from Jackson's river to the navigable
waters of the Kenawha;
4th. A road from Staunton to the river Ohio;
5th. A road from Salem in the county of Bole-
tourt to Winchester;
6th. The opening of the Shenandoah and its
brunches;
7th. 1'he opening of the Rappahannook and its
branches above its falls;
8th, The improvement of the Monongahela river;
9th. A road from Winchester to a point near the
Eastern base of the Alleghany mountain to intersect
the U. S.' road from Fort Cumberland to Wheeling;
and
10th. That the president of the board do solicit
all the information which individuals or corporate
bodies can communicate touching these subjects.
St. Louis. — From a late census it appears that the
town of St. Louis, in the Missouri territory, con-
tains 2000 .-.ouls; and the count}', exclusive of the
town, 5395, making 7395 in all.
A manufactory of cut flint glass, has been estab-
lished in the city of New-York — where the work is
carried on with honorable neatness and elegance.
CANNON.— Lieut. Conklin, of the United States'
iavy department, acting under instructions from
the board of commissioners, says the Pittsburg
Commonwealth of May 8, a few days ago finished
proving one hundred and three carronades, from
18 to 42 pounders, made under a contract by Messrs
M'Clurg and M'Knight, of this city, and it is with
pleasure we state, that although the proof was un-
commonly severe, not one of the number burst in
the proving. M'C. and M'K. have also made, and
are now daily engaged in making, cannon for the
war department
BOSTON. — The assistant assesors of the- town of
Boston have returned 9729 rateable polls for the
year 1816 — last year the returns gave only 8326.
They have also reported that there are in the town
no less than 545* persons liable to the small poxt
not having received that disease nor the kine pox.
Boston sent forty-three delegates to the legislature
of Massachusetts.
During the year 1815 we find there took place in
Paris 22,612 births, 5575 marriages, and 19,992
deaths, of which latter 416 were by the small pox.
GRKAT NATIONAL BIIILK SOCIETY. — A contention
of delegates from the numerous Bible Societies in
the United States, convened in the city of New-
York, have formed an institution, entitled "The
American Bible Society" embracing all the Chris-
tian denominations in our country. The leading
features of the constitution limits the operations of
the society to the distribution of the bible without
note or comment 'flirty-six distinguished citizens
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTERS-STATISTICAL ARTICLES.
299
were appointed managers for the first year, at the
close of which a new election is to be held for one-
fourth of the number. The managers have ap-
pointed the following officers :
President. — Hon. Klias Boudinot, L. L. D.
Vice-Presiilents.—llun. John Jay, Matthew Clark-'
son, £••>([. hon. Smith Thompson, lion. Caleb Strong,
hon. William Gray, his excellency John Cotton
Smith, his excellency Jonas Galusha, his excellency
"William Jones, his excellency Isaac Shelby, George
Madison, esq. hon. William'Tilghman, hon Bush-
rod Washington, William Wirt, esq. hon. Charles
Cotesworth 'Pinckney, hon. Wm. Gaston, hon. Tho's
WorthingTon, hon. Mr. Brown, John Bolton, esq.
Iluberl Oliver, esq. Joseph Nourse, esq.
Treasurer — Ricliard Varick, esq.
POPULATION Oi' OHIO AN]) APPORTIONMENT OF RE-
putsriNTATiox. — A list of free white males above
twenty-one years of ag'e in the several counties of
the siate of Ohio, and 'the apportionment of repre-
sent., tion made thereon by the legislature at their
last session.
COUNTIES.
Hamilton
Hii-ic-*
Warren
Montgomery ....
Treble
Miami
Champaign
Fnuikiin
Delaware
Madison
Pickaway
lioss
Fayette ......
Highland
Green .......
Clinton
Clermont
Adams
Scioto
Pike
Jackson (supposed 4-00)
Gallia
Athens
Washington ....
Monroe
Fail-field
Muskingum . . . .
Licking
Knox
Kichland . . . . .
Belvnont
Jefferson
Harrison
Columbjana ....
Stark
Wayne ......
Tuscurawas r . . . ,
Coshocton
Guernsey .
Trumbull .....
Portage
Geauga
Ashtabula ......
Cuyahoga
Huron
64,814 61
[n American and
foreign vessels
To G. Britain 7
and Ireland £
France
Russia
Spain
Portugal
Sweden
EXPORTS FROM SAVA-NNATT,
From October 1, 1815, to April 25, 1816.
Total to Europe
Coastwise "}
Cotton of nil C
descriptions j>
". A1,ES COTTON I './"ct's Mice
Upland S.isla'd stain'd whole liali'
33649 10849
1006C
43717
2538?
1057
L190G
654
654
558
577
131
2903
171;
76 157
1226.1 126
10
1287C
5566
643
Vltllf
Toff.
5?7
79
86
762
764-
Total exports 6910411906 654' 18430 2202 1526
Supposed quantity on hand, 30,896 bales.
[Sav. Rep.
REGULATION OF RANK.
From the National Intelligencer.
It appears that during the congress of Vienna, a
regulation was formed bv the representatives of
eight powers who signed the treaty of Paris, which
determines the rank of the several grades of diplo-
matic agents, of which the following is a summary :
"REGULATION or TJIK it A NX OF JUIM.OMATIC ARKXTS."
To prevent the difficulties which have ofven
arisen, and may again arise from claims to prece-
dence among the different diplomatic agents, the
Plenipotentiaries of the powers who signed the
treaty of Paris have agreed on the following articles,
and they invite the representatives of other crowned
heads to adopt the same :
Article 1. The members of the diplomatic corps,
are divided into three classes.
Ambassadors, legates or nuncios.
Envoys, ministers, or other persons accrc.l;icd
near sovereigns.
Charges d' affaires, accredited to the ministers of
foreign affairs.
Article 2. Ambassadors, legates or nuncios only
have the representative character.
Article 3. Diplomatic agents appointed to ex-
traordinary missions, shall not, in virtue thereof,
enjoy any superiority of rank.
Article 4. Diplomatic agents shall take rank with
each other in their respective classes, from the date
of the official notification of their arrival.
Article 5. In each state a uniform mode shall be,
fixed on, for the reception of the diplomatic agents,
of the respective classes.
Article 6. The connexions of kindred or marriage
between courts shall not give rank to their diplo-
matic agents. The same in regard to political con-
nexions.
Article 7. In such acts qr treaties between several
powers, as admit of an alternate signature, the order
of signature shall be determined by lot.
COMMEHCIAL. — The ship Jacob Jones, lately ar-
rived at Boston from Batavia, with 1,000,000 ihs.
coH'ee, 70 tons sugar, 129 piculs rattans, and 120
piculs sap;m wood. The city of Batavia had suffered
much by an inundation occasioned by the extreme
violence of the north-west monsoon; many of the
streets were three feet under water.
Accidentally picking up a New-York Gazette of
the 3rd inst. it occurred that the following brief
notice of the arrivals at that port the preceding
day might in some degree be useful :
Arrived—from Liverpool 3 ships a^ti 1 brig1, la-
300
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTERS-SATURDAY, JUNE 29, 1816.
den with dry goods, crates, hardware, Sec ; from
Belfast, 2 ships, with linens, glass-ware, salt and
passengers; from London, 1 ship, dry goods, &c.;
from Havre-dc-Grace, 2 brigs and 1 schooner, with
drjt goods, &c.; from Dundee, 1 brig, with dry
good's and coal; 5 brigs from the West-Indies, with
sugar, coffee, molasses, rum, dye-woods, &c.; and
upwards of a dozen coasters, among which were 2
from New-Orleans. The British packet, from Fal-
mouth, also arrived the same day.
New-York will, probably, very soon be the second
commercial city of the world. When her natural
advantages are duly improved, and the immense
country west of her has received that density of
population which it so vigorously aims at, it may
rival even London^ and at no distant day.
SEPARATION OF MAIJTE. — The legislature of Mas-
sachusetts has passed an act to authorise the erec-
tion of the district of Maine into an independent
state, on the following conditions : —
The separation must be approved by a majority
of a convention of delegates, to be chosen in the
district, in the manner of representatives, and to
assemble at Brunswick on the 26th of August next.
This convention must also consent to other condi-
tions, which are to be incorporated into the consti-
tution which they are authorised to form for the new
state. The constitution is to be submitted to the
people, who are to act on it by written votes, and to
make returns by the first of January next, at which
time the convention is to be in session. The im-
portant conditions are, that all the public lands and
public bu. Mings of Massachusetts proper, are to
belong to the commonwealth, and the public land
in the district are to be divided equally between
the two states, the moiety assigned to Massachu-
setts not to be taxed so long as it remains her pro-
perty—the remainder of the public property is to
beholden by Massachusetts as security for the pay-
ment of public debts; if there be a surplus, throe-
fourths are to remain to Massachusetts and one-
fourth to Maine; if there be a deficiency, one-quarter
part thereof is to be paid by Maine.
IKON CABLES are gaining a high reputation in
England. The underwriters at Lloyd's give a decid-
ed preference to ships furnished with them.
THE FISHERIES.— The Salem Gazette gives us a
list of forty-two vessels, with the names of their
masters, and the number of fish taken by each,
which have arrived at Marbleheud since the 2d oi
May, from the Grand Bank. The least successful
vessel caught 7000, the most successful 20,000 fish;
but generally from 14 to 16,000. In the whole, they
caught 630,000 — average for each vessel 15,000 —
"being the greatest fares ever known in th:it enter-
prising town."
Foreign Articles.
A letter from Treste, received in Baltimore, s:iys —
"The ci devant emperatrice of France, now duchess
of Parma, passed here two weeks since on her way
to the duchy; she travelled incognito, and was ac-
companied by only two ladies of honor, and one or
two general officers, without a guard; nor had she
her son with her: To account for this, it was whis-
pered that the court did not deem it expedient or
safe to trust the son with her, lest he might be car-
ried off by the friends of his father. She travelled
as a countess, and although not 24 hours here, vi-
sited by water the old and new LiizarcM • oes, the weil
and batteries. On her route from Vienna, observ-
ing a person wearing a ribbon of one of the orders
existing under the reign of Napoleon, and upon en-
quiry finding that he had served under her husband
she ordered him to be presented with fifty gold
Napoleons. When here, her dejection was appa-
rent; passing through the villages here, she was
hailed with the shouts of Vive PEmperatrice, "Vive
la Keina d' It alia."
The king of Candy. "The British government has
giving to the ex-king of Caady, an establishment at
Madras" says a London paper. Bonaparte gave
the ex-king of Spain an "establishment" at Valency.
In the name of common sense and common justice,
where is the difference? Let the legitimates say\
The French government is represented as in
great difficulty to raise a loan of 50 millions of
francs; about 10 millions of dollars. They offered
5 per cents, at 50— that is, 100 francs of stock for
50 in money, which the bankers refused.
It is understood that Louis, the desired, is to be
guarded by 10,000 Swiss troops. What would the
British, who no doubt approve of this procedure,
have said, if president Madison had received for his
body guard a detachment from the armies of JVh-
poleon?
STATE OF FRANCE — Private letters received direct
from Paris, at New- York, of as late dates as the llth
of May, and other letters received and published
in the London papers,agreein anticipating some new
explosion. It is by private advices only that we can
receive intelligence of the real state of things on.
the European continent; but of the credit to be
given to those immediately before us, our readers
wjll judge. They are in substance as follows: —
That the allies have taken from Wellington the
command of the joint armies; and war was expect-
ed— Russia, Prussia and the Netherlands against
England and any power that might be her ally.
That Prussia would take Hanover. That the Orange
party in France and Germany was no longer a mys-
tery— that is, that a design exists to place the Prince
of Orange on the tin-one of France. The French,
it is thought, will be pleased with any thing that
shall have for its object the expulsion of the Bour-
bons, who appear to hate each other most cordially,
and to be hated by a great majority of the people.
"The tygress of Angouleme," says the letter, "is
mad. She foams in rage." "All the family are at
daggers point." "They are sending money to Ame-
rica by an agent," to prepare for events that may
happen. Carnot, and other distinguished men, who
had been in Russia, &c. were expected at Brussels
— Soult, Vandamme, Sic. &c. were treated with the
greatest distinction. The head quarters of the Aus-
trian army is close to Grenoble; but in- that and other
adjacent provinces the national flag is permitted to
fly. A letter from Havre de Grace, dated May 12,
says — "I have this instant arrived from Paris. All
is consternation among the royalists. The people
breathe nothing but vengeance. The tribunals of
blood dare no longer assemble. There has been
within three days more than 500 persons arrested,
but are afraid to try them in their halls. We are
on the eve of a great explosion."
So fur the letters received in New-York — those
published in the London papers are of this purport:
Great importance is attached to a journey of Hie
Russian minister, de Stackellnirg^-who is never em-
ployed' but in concerns of the greatest importance.
The sudden arrival of the nephew of field marshal
d? TrAly at Paris, with despatches, excites much
speculation. The French are trying to recruit their
army; the wherefore is an object of curiosity — many
things are supposed; as the perhaps to unite with
Russia against England, or to preserve France from
being Polimdiidd. The French court is wrapped in
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—FOREIGN ARTICLES.
301
mystery. The prorogation of the legislature was
sudden, and the design of it appears to have been
kept a profound secret, even from the princes of
the family. It "spread consternation among the
Angouleme party." New conspiracies are spoken
of and arrests are hourly making, many of persons
of distinction. "Triangular cards," with mysteri-
ous symbols, understood alone by the initiated, are
circulated. It is said that the intention has been
discovered of inviting Austria to place young Na-
poleon on the throne, &c. 8tc.
On the whole— these letters afford evidence of
disaffection to the Bourbons in France, and of a jug-
gling among the allied powers. The London States-
man says — "The war cauldron is again fast filling
with inflammable materials, and we err much, if an
explosion does not soon take place."
Letters from Liverpool to the 7th May, via Bos-
ton, state that several failures had taken place in
London. At Liverpool the markets were flat, cot-
ton had declined Id per pound.
The British and Nepaul war has been brought to
a complete termination by a treaty of peace which
\vas signed by the governor-general in December
last.
It is said Savary and Lallemand have received
permission to embark from Malta for the U. States.
"RESTORATION." A late London paper says — It
is said that the negociations respecting the French
clergy, whicli had been pending between the court
of Rome and that of the Thuilleries, were brought
to a close on the 10th inst. This treaty, it is re-
ported, annuls the liberal provisions of the concor-
dat of the liberty of the Gallican church, and sti-
pulates the re-establishment of the Jesuits.
SPAIS. Splendid preparations were making for
the royal nuptials of Ferdinand. Those who put
him on the throne are galley slaves at Ceuta. The
torture is restored in its fullest extent, and a Lon-
don editor advises, that as Castlereagh and the rest
have done so much to secure order and regular go-
vernment in Spain, that they should restore to her
magnanimous king all the horrible instruments of
torture now deposited in the tower of London,
which were designed for the particular benefit of
Englishmen, but diverted from that purpose by the
defeat of the Spanish armada! It is high treason
in Spain to read an English newspaper!
"LEGITIMACY." From the Southern Patriot. — It is
remarkable that the marriage of the princess CHAR-
LOTTE was postponed for the third time. The pa-
tience of this young lady, which has been exhibit-
ed in a variety of instances, must, have been put
to a charming trial. From information, which
\xre receive from the highest authority, we should
not be surprised if the princess Charlotte never
becomes queen of England. li\ that case (the
prince regent having- no other legitimate child) the
sceptre must pass into the hands of the duke of
York — who also happens to have no legitimate
children! The destinies of England must then be
entrusted to the duke of Clarence — who is also in
the same predicament! The crown must then be
placed on the head of Edward, duke of Kent, who,
alas! is just as badly situated! It then descends
or branches off to the duke of Cumberland — how
he is situated in this respect, we do not know. —
Well may England engage in a contest for legiti-
mate kings!
PROCEEDINGS ix A CHURCH. From the Liverpool
Mercury of March 1. A meeting of the inhabitant
of the ward of Farnngdbn-\vithout, took place on
Wednesday, the 21st Feb. in St. Sepulchre's church
upon the subj ect of the property-tax. Mr. Thomp-
son observed that "a set of infamous ministers in-
suited the people with the grossest lies. These
ministers had declared that the sole object of the
income tax was to enable them to put down Bona-
parte, who, with all his faults, was a much better
man than any of them, (~l«ud shouts of applause J
and now that they had put him down, 'they would
give their lives to put him up again, in order to
have new pretexts for burdening the people."
In the course of his speech, Mr. T. exclaimed,
"Cursed be the memory of P***, the author of all
the misfortunes, corruptions and slavery of the
country; and cursed be the name of C , the
perpetrator of his system." f/xmrf applauses, -with
some hisses. J "He would call upon them to say
Amen." (A loud cry of Amen.J
THE IxauisiTiojf. The Dutch papers contain an
article from Rome, which states that a great reform
is making in the tribunals of the inquisition. The
brief addressed by the pope to the congregation,
employed in this business, says, that accusation, de-
nunciation and inquisition in matters of faith, cannot
give origin to a legal proceeding, which must be
founded in facts. All persons called in exculpation
of the accused, of whatever theological communion
they may be, shall be admitted in exculpation. Rela-
tions and servants are excluded from being heard,
either for or against the accused. The proceed-
ings are to be public, and no witness will be allow-
ed to state hearsay evidence. Cardinal Fontana is
stated to be the chief promoter of this measure.
When the new code is completed, it is to be sent
to all the catholic courts.
The Barbary powers.— In the French chamber of
peers on the 9th April, viscount Chateaubriand made
the following proposition : —
" Gentlemen— I shall do myself the honor of sub-,
mitting to you a project of an address to the king,
It is for purpose of asserting the rights of humanity,
and effacing, 1 trust, the shame of Europe. The
parliament of England, in abolishing the slave trade
in blacks, appears to have suggested for our emula-
tion a more splendid .trmmph. Let us abolish the
slavery of the whites. This sort of slavery has too
long existed upon the coast of Barbary. I have seen,
gentlemen, the ruins of Carthage, I have met among
these ruins, the successors of the unhappy Christians,
for the deliverance of whom St. Louis sacrificed his.
life. The number of these victims increases daily.
Before the revolution, the corsairs of Tripoli, of"
Tunis, of Algiers, and of Morocco, were restrained,
by the vigilance of the order of Malta. Our vessels
had the dominion of the Mediterranean, and the flag
of Philippa- Augusta made infidels sf.ill tremble. —
Taking advantage of our discords, they have dared
to insult our shores. They have carried off the
population of a whole island — men, women, children
and old men, have all been plunged in the most
frigluful slavery. It was in France that the first
crusade was preached. It is in France that we must
raise the standard of the latter, without departing-
from the character of the times, or employing means
foreign from our manners. I know that we have,
little to fear for ourselves from the powers of the
coast of Africa; but the safer we are, the more nobly
we shah ac. in opposing- their injustice. Small com-
mercial interests cannot balance the great interest
of humanity. It is time for civilized nations to free
themselves from the shameful tributes which they
pay to a handful of barbarians.
" Gentlemen, should you adopt any proposition,
and it be afterwards lost by foreign circumsi .noes*
your voice « ih at all events have been heard. so\*
will have tiie honor of having advocated so good p.
302 NiLES' WEEKLY REGISTERr-SATURDAY, JUNE 29, 1816.
cause. Such is the advantage of these representative consideration that is likely greatly to improve the,
governments, by which the whole truth may be said; funds; next month the reduction oft he national debt
every thing1 useful proposed. They change the J proceeds with increased effect; the commissioners
virtues without weaking them, they conduct them j will then purchase 180,000=6' daily, in place of their
to the same end, while they give them a different ! present purchase, which little exceeds 11,000=£
A',™**;™ hus we are knights no more, but we j per diem.
Jlpril 26. — Intelligence was received by govern-
ment this morning-, that lord Exmouth.Vith the
direction.
can be illustrious citizens — thus philosophy may
.share the glory attached to the success of my pro-
position, and boast to have obtained in an enlight-
ened age, what religion attempted in vain in an age
of darkness.
" Please then, gentlemen, to hear my proposition.
" I move that there be presented, an address to
the king by the chamber of peers. In this address
his majesty shall be humbly requested to order his
minister for foreign affairs to write to all the courts
of Europe," Sec.
English Treaty -with Tunis.
[Copy.] EXMOUTH.
Declaration of his highness Mahmoud Bashaw,
•chief hey of Tunis, the well-guarded city, and the
abode of happiness, made and concluded with the
right hon. Edward baron Exrnouth, knight grand
cross of the most honorable military order of the
Hath, admiral of the blue squadron, and command-
er of his Britannic majesty's ships and vessels in
the Mediterranean.
In consideration of the deep interest manifested
by his royal highness the prince regent of England,
for the termination of Christian slavery, his high-
ness the bey of Tunis, in token of his sincere desire
to maintain inviolable his friendly relations with
threat Britain, and in manifestation of his amicable
disposition and high respect towards the powers of
Europe, (with all of whom he is desirous of estab-
lishing peace) declares, that in the event of a fu-
ture war with any European power (which God for-
bid) that none of the prisoners made on either side
shall be consigned to slavery, but treated with all
humanity as prisoners of war, until regularly ex-
changed according to European practice in like ca
and that at the termination
of hostilities, they
shall be restored to their respective countries with-
out ransom.
fleet under his command, has been to Algiers, and
made a new and liberal treaty with that power. [He
has bought it — with money.]
An actress at Bordeaux, Mad. Suzanne, lately be-
traying an affection for the violet, was compelled to
make the amende honorable — being- compelled to
cry fire le Jloi! Vive Madame.' and then, on a tri-
colored cockade being thrown on the stage, to pick
it up and burn it on the spot. She was then al-
lowed to proceed.
There is evidently a great degree of fermenta-
tion in the German states, the king of Wirtemberg
and other princes, have confederated against the
mediatized princes of the confederate;!!, and the
latter have claimed the protection of Austria.
The prince royal of Wirtemberg lias been marri-
ed to her imperial highness the grand duchess Ca-
tharine of Russia.
Louis XVIII has nominated marshals Oudinot, St.
Cyr, Victor, Macdonald and Marmont, grand cross-
es and commanders of the order of St. Louis.
An embassy from the Sophi of Persia, has arriv*
ed in France.
At a late sale of portraits in England, that of lord
Sondes sold for 85 guineas; lord Lyttleton 41; Mum-
by 83; Dr. Goldsmith 127; sir Joshua Reynolds 122,
sir R. Chambers 80; Mr. Garrick 175; Mr. Baretii
82; Dr. Burney 80; Mr. Burke 240; Dr. Johnson 360.
They were all painted by sir J. Reynolds.
We have to communicate from highly respecta-
ble authority at Lisbon, that serious disturbances
lave broken out in the north of Spain, and that the
Spanish soldiers had evinced a strong disposition
to take part against the government.
There was a great fire in Constantinople about
the latter end of February, in which the grand vi-
Done in duplicate in the palace of Bardo, zier and the captain pacha nearly perished. They
'-
«; SKAL OF §
§ THE KEY 5
near Tunis, in the presence of Almigh- j&'-Jtupon the top of a house to direct measures for
c*ay of AP"1» m the ! extinguishing the fl
ty God)
flames; the roof of the house fell
year of Christ 1817, and in the year of in with them, but they escaped with their lives.
"
(Signed)
the Hegira 1231, and the 19th day of
the Moon .Turned Onell.
EXMOUTH, (L. s.) admiral
and commander in chief of If. B. M.
fleet in the Mediterranean.
Prom the Pettrsfatrg (Russia) Gazette — Jlfarch 2-
The Official Gazette has published the following ar
lic-ie: — "Mr. K.IIOX lately said in the English house
of commons — 'Russia is exceedingly powerful,
•when the extent of her territory and her popula-
tion are considered. She washes her right hand in
the Bkck Sea, and her left in the Baltic, and rests
on the extremities of the .globe.' It is astonishing
to he;ir this kind of language from a native of En-
gland whose hands and feet are washed in all the
seas in the universe."
Lmiaon, May 9. — The crown prince of Sweden
Las sent an ambassador to the court of some Ger-
man prince to ask the hand of some German prin-
•.•?ss for his stm Oscar. This i.s of course a politi-
cal inananivre to secure the Swedish crown to the
blood of the Bernudotte.s.
— The funds continue to improve, on ac-
bill is before the parliament providing for the
resumption of specie payments by the bank of En-
gland, within two years; but not compelling them
to resume it if political or other events should make
it improper.
By anew law in France, all acts of divorce,
made by mutual consent, are hereafter to be ..mil.
The artificial harbor atjUamsgate, England, which
is not yet quite completed, has cost two millions of
dollars.
A Venetian engineer has discovered the means of
perfecting the compass. His discovery has been
submitted to the Italian institute, who have acknow-
ledged its importance.
An article from Dijon, which appears in all the
French papers, states the minister of war has given
orders that all the military residing in the depart-
ment of Cote d'Or, are called into actual and imme-
diate service, under severe penalties.
This, together with the late order for raising the
fifty regiments, will, T hope, be admitted as a proof
that government arc actually making military pre-
- ., .„ ,..., , „.. ^. parations. The due de Berry, who takes a very ac-
count of the rcporlwd additional loan by the bank I tive part in the forming of this armament, enquired
of Clarke the oilier day, whether he could prompt-
government; at 12 o'clock, consols for account
l-~S—Gmmuni 18 7-8 nrem, There is another
ly raise 350,000 men, v/Uich that minister confessed
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— FbREIGN ARTICLES.
803
to be impracticable — then could he raise 100,000 ?
The possibility of even such a levy as that appeared
doubtful.— "What,*' said the duke, "you who could
raise myriads of men for the service of the usurper,
cannot raise so inconsiderable a force for that of
the legitimate sovereign." The minister observed
in reply, that times and things were altered ; that
he had every where to encounter either open re-
sistance, or what was as efficient, the vis inerlix^ —
"Then," resumed the prince, "if France will not
fight for us, she must submit to her doom, a prey
to the allies, she must share the fate of Poland." "
But all private anecdotes apart, the public and
official accounts alone afford sufficient evidence of
extraordinary levies of men and money being made
by the French court. No cause is assigned for
them, and yet they must have a purpose, and that
purpose cannot but anxiously engage the conjec-
ture of all.
Mornintf Chronicle.
A Dutch paper says Ettgene Beauharnois is to
have 22 millions of francs as a compensations for
property given him by Bon;»pai-te, but which has
been reclaimed by the rightful owners.
Admiral Milne is to have the command at Hali-
fax, in the room of admiral Griffiths. The Leander,
of 50 guns, is fitting for the reception of admiral
Milne.
Stocks—May 10. Bank stock 260282—3 per cent,
red. 7 83 4 1-8—3 per cent. cons. 62 1-8 1-4 2 1-8
— 4 per cent. 75 3-8 5-8— Omnium 18 5-8 prem.—
Exchequer bills 3-6 prem.— Consols for ace. 62 3-8
1-2 3-4.
From the London Courier of May 9. — By an ac-
count laid before parliament the price of gold in
bars and coin, on the 26th April, was 41. per ounce;
silver m bars, 5s 1 1-2; and dollars 4s. 11 1-2. The
course of exchange was, Hamburgh, 35 10; Lisbon,
57 1-2; Paris, one day's date, 25 60 : at 2 usance,
25 80.
By an account of foreign gold and silver coins,
and bullion deposited in the bullion office of the bauk
of England, as imported from abroad; distinguishing
each year, from the 1st of January, 1810, to the 31st
of December, 1815, it appears that in the year 1810,
the total amount was 1,379,192^—1811, 2,362,027V.
— 1812,2,090,287/.— 1813, 3,3u9,300/.— 1814,3,276,-
579k— and in 1815, 4,082,181/.
Note. — From this account no certain conclusion
can be drawn, of the actual amount of the imports
of gord and silver; many and large imports, (as
well as exports) being made, of which the bank
Fias no cognizance, and
in many instances passing-
through the bullion offices only as packages, value
unknown.
The. highest aggregate amounts of bank notes ii
many being killed and taken, to receive "exempla-
ry punishment." It is understood that the plot was
favored by a number of persons in Paris, who have
been seized by the police.
April 30. — We received at a late hour this morn-
ing1 the Paris papers of Saturday last. They contain
the following articles :
First permanent council of wnr. — The council as-
sembled yesterday for the trial of general Cam-
bronne, who followed Bonaparte to -Elba, and was
taken prisoner at the battle of Waterloo. — The
prisoner in his defence pleaded the treaty of Fon-
tainbleau. He was at that place when Napoleon
abdicated, and did not consider himself to be re-
garded as a French subject.
The proceedings on the trial occupied a con-
siderable time, and terminated in the acquittal of
the prisoner of the charges of having betrayed the
king, unanimously, of that of having attacked France
in arms by a majority of sfe to one, and of that of
having possessed himself of power by violence by a
majority of five to two.
The president (count Edmond de Perigord) ac-
cordingly declared the marshal de camp Cambronne
acquitted, and ordered him to be set at liberty after
the delay of 24 hours.
Upon which the (fitotidicnne observes, "while we
respect the decision of the council, we may be per-
mitted to deplore the fatal effects of the revolution
in public morals, and the misfortune af seeing a doc-
trine triumph -which permits a Sovereign and a coun-
try to be chosen according to the caprice of interest and
opinion."
Paris, J}pril 27. —The United States of America,
and Prussia are the powers whose stocks are the
highest on the Amsterdam exchange. American 6
per cents. (Louisiana) are quoted at '94, the Prus-
sian loan at 99 per cent.
May 6.— The celebrated Polish general, Koscms-
co, continues to reside at Solcure, where he enjoys
tlie highest consideration.
They write from Dijon, the 2nd inst. "General
Veaux, M. Ligeas, brother-in-law of Marat, duke of
liassano, and formerly receiver general of the de.
partment of Cote d'Or, and Messrs. Koyer and Her-
noux, (the latter mayor of Dijon during the usur-
pation) who were detained in t4*e citadel of JJesan-
con, arrived here last Saturday, escorted by geii-
dearnerie, and were conveyed to the CoackTgerie."
Konigsbfrg, April 1 1. — "According to the last ac-
counts from Marienberg-, 53 villages in the grevt
Werder, with 9,930 inhabitants, and in the districts
of TiegenhofF, 49 villages, with 19,902 inhabitants,
were under water. To these are to be added the
Elbin# villages 17 in number, with 4000 people.
Total nominal value of bank notes presented at
the bank, and refused payments, oh account of then-
being forged, for the last four years, to the latest
>nod to which the same can be fmcie up specifying
e total nominal value so presented, and refused
payment in eucli year respectively : In the ve:-r
812, 28,1367. ir, 1813, 2J,S68; in 1814, '>>">
esrculnuon from the 1st of Feb. 1815, to the 20th j '*'hc late king of Sweden arrived ut Auj-sbour
April 1816,- both inclusive, were 29,577,3307. awl the j April 9, from Italy.
lowest aggregate amounts, from the 1st of FebuaryJ .'.'....-.,•—.,,.,-.„.
"^^^29thofAPril>1816>bo'hin^sive,wert: CHRONICLE
FROM THE MEiJlTKiiil
Extract of a letter from on officer on board the. Medi-
terranean squadron, received at Wusldr.srton Citif.
Frigate United Sti.its, hay of Algiers, April I6tli, IS16.
"The sailing of the John Adams for the United
States, uiTbrd me an opportunity of sending you thi>,
\Ve broke up our winter qmu'ers ;it port Mahon,
.-_, ... ., ,^,^4/. iii; and anchored here with !!>.e Hoc-ton the 5;h inst,
ino >fort7954/-tothe 27th APril' 1816> 9'368/- Total, i consisting of the Java, Constellation, Erie uml,5,.lm
Adams; the sloop of war Ontario i.; at present in
102,4£0/.
A Paris paper of May 13 gives some r.ccount of an
arseilles. A few days previous to our departure
f-ir at Grenoble, where it seems that a body of the i from Mahon, an English squadron ren.^voUicU in
B Had collected, headed by some of the dis- jthat harbor; they rcnvv.ned >i couple of tbiys» and
led officers, to carry the place by u coup de went off— and oa our arrival here, w.o found them
"/ tout that they were routed and dispersed, U'.ichored inordtroi"1 buttic ^••^••^ ih: baueri*3?^«
304
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JUNE 29, 18101.
Tliis fleet consisted °r •• />•>•, fwo
frigates, three sloops of ''. and iA<? n<?-
csssary number of transport^. Lord Sxmouih, (for-
merly admiral Pellew,) had his flag1 in the Hoyne,
the only three decker in tho fle^t. We Learnt frofti
them in Mahon, that they were destined for this
place; their object, the liberation of all the Chris-
tian slaves. To effect this, ".n unconditional de-
mand was to be made iirst; if refused, a certain
ransom was to be offered; and if that also failed,
the batteries and town were to be attacked. The
first proposition, it would appear has been rejected
and the second one accepted; in consequence of
which three hundred and twenty liberated slaves
have actually been received on board the different
transports, and the fleet got under way yesterday.
— They are bound to Tunis, having1 the same ob-
ject in view there. 1 have further collected on this
subject from our consul, and from the other con-
suls residing1 at this place, the following- informa-
tion: that the English have negociated for the ran-
som of the Neapolitans and Sardinians only — they
amount to twelve hundred and odd; they have
agreed to pay one thousand dollars a head for the
former, and five hundred dollars for the latter. A
peace between these countries and Algiers is to be
a consequence. The money was paid for those
who have been taken away, and as soon as the ne-
cessary sum for the ransom of those remaining shall
be tendered, t!:cy will be liberated also. You are
not to understand that the English bear this ex-
pence, on the contrary, it is borne by the respective
governments to which those slaves belong. The
English are only agents in the affair, though I
doubt not the circumstance will be trumpett'ed to
the world under the head of British magnanimity.
A single boat, making them a similar offer, would
have met with the like success. I was present at
an audience of the dey, in company with commo-
dore Shaw and our consul (Mr. Shaler.) The ra-
tified treaty which came out in the Java, was on
this occasion presented to him. He affected not to
Understand why another treaty, as he termed it,
should be offered to him. This being explained,
he required that the two treaties should be com-
pared, and being assured they were word for word
the same, he intimated, notwithstanding, that seve-
ral of the articles had undergone some change,
that neither himself nor his council could under
stand them; that presents had been promised him
which he had never received; that the brig and her
crew had not been restored according to treaty sti-
pulation, (alluding to the brig taken last summer
and carried into Carthagena, where the Spaniards
detained her under the plea that she was captured
within their jurisdiction) and concluded by ob-
serving- that we were unworthy of his confidence
With this understanding we parted. The next
day Mr. Shaler required another audience of him
and was refused; he had, however an interview with
the prime minister, whose conduct and language
was the most insulting, and the treaty was return-
ed. Under these circumstances it was thought
most advisable for him to withdraw from the shore;
and he took up his residence on board this ship. Af-
ter four days's negociation under the protection of
a white flag, the dispute was arranged so far, that
the dey re-acknowlegcd the treaty and promised to
await instructions from the president in relation to
the points in dispute. If the government give him
a brig of war of the same class, and pay him forty
or fifty thousand dollars for her crew, the present
treaty may continue for some time. This is the
opinion of our consul. We consider our present
relations with the regency to be nothing more tha
a truce.
The Spaniards thought proper, a couple of weeks
ago, to return the. brig and crew in dispute. ,S'/,.-
teas given to them UK a present, from their sovereign,
and they have impressed on the mind of the dey thav
it does not lessen his claim on the United States,
nor interfere with the article of the treaty which
embraces this point. Uur friends, the English, wluV
have just left here, have been putting a word in his
ear; they told him "we had neither ships nor mo-
ney!" This expression was made use of by the prime
minister to Mr. Shaler. We shall sail from hence
in a day or two for Barcelona, thence to Marseilles,
and so on along the coast of France and Italy."
Several other letters inform us of the fact — that,
the gallant Shaw had determined, with his small
squadron, to attempt the destruction of the Algt •
rine fleet, consisting of four frigates and many cor-
vettes and gun boats ! — to mount and scale the bat-
teries, and, possibly, to attack the city itself !— The
roni:.ntic bravery of our tars, who all appear to have
looked with pleasure for the moment of action, had
its full effect- -the dey was completely frightened
and succombed to these terrible fellows, though he
had just before refused the least concession to a
British force about ten times as strong as ours ! !
Health to the heroes who make the "star spangled
banner" respected by the barbarians.
The Dutch fleet, of six frigates, has hid itself
somewhere — has been but little at sea, and always
sought a port when the Algerines were ouW-ours,
3 frigates and 2 small vessels entered the harbor
of Algiers, and threatened to knock down the bat-
tlements upon the head of the dey ! And an Eng-
lish admiral, a lord, with a powerful fleet, pays mo-
ney for slaves, and thus sanctions and legalizes the
villainy of the pirates!
Though his force is so small, Shaw has given no-
tice that no danger is to be apprehended from the
Barbary powers! He has a guarantee for their good
conduct in the terror of our flag, and feels able to
punish a violation of its rights.
On the 4th May six Dutch frigates were a'
Gibraltar, waiting for a reinforcement of a 74 and
a frigate, to go against Algiers.
Col. Benjamin Haivkings — the good, the benevo-
lent and venerable Hawkins, agent for Indian affairs,
died at his post among the Creeks on the 6th inst .
I The Indians have indeed lost a "father," and th>.
United States one of their most faithful and re-
spectable agents. It appears he died as he Jived —
with complacency and firmness.
New- Orleans. — On the 26th of May the crevasse
was not stopped, but the water of the river was fal-
ling. At ^Natchez it had fallen two feel — at New-
Orleans six inches. The fall of the river is earlier
than is common, by some weeks — which is very for-
tunate for the country.
It is stated in the Mbany Jlrgns, that a number of
sailors passed through that city, for Lake Erie.
So-nth America. By way of Jamaica, we learn, that
on the 29th of April, the royal forces under Mo-
rillo, attacked the whig- forces of J\'e?v- Grenada, and
were completely defeated— 400 of his soldiers de-
serted and joined themselves to the standard of
freedom, Snrcess attend them! This account ap-
pears abundantly confirmed. The patriot army is
8000 strong.
It is understood alao that Bolivar has landed near
Laguh'a, and got possession of th:;t port. Good.
We hear that lie had been successful on the Oronect;
and had given, the royalists several drubbings.
NIL US' WEEKLY REGISTER.
NTo. 19 OF VOL. X.I
IJALTIM it'. S.VI . ilDAV, JULY 6, 1816.
i. •-•,:•; NO. 253.
llac olini nieminisse juvabit. — VIHGII..
PHINTED ANT) PUHLTSUKU BY H. NILKS, AT THK HKAl) OF CHEAl'SlUK, AT §5 FKH ANNUM.
The Home Market.
We have been flattered with the belief that an
upon the expediency and neces.sity of a "IIOMK
MAiiKKT," inserted in the 5th number of the present
volume of the WEEKLY UKGISTKH, was read by many
^•itli considerable interest, and afforded new lights
to some, on the subject of political economy.
la that essay, after a variety of calculations, we
came to the conclusion — that all the surplus pro-
ducts of the United States were equal, in value, to
about one fifteenth of what was required for domes-
lie consumption and use. It appears, by an authen-
tic document, that the surplus products of France
a-e equal only to one sixteenth, though her advance-
ment in the arts is much greater than ours, and her
dense population gives a facility to her manufuc
unknown to the practice here. The differ-
ence, however, may be accounted for in this — that
lands in the U. States are accessible to the grea
body of the people, and agriculture is the mosl
abundant of what may be called profit, or beyond
the requisitions of the home supply, of all the pur-
suits of men ; to which also we may add our local
advantages in raising cotton and tobacco and othei
valuable -staples ; — notwithstanding the fact, that
one man in the United States may be supposed to
consume, and use, for food and clothing, articles oi
double the value that would suffice a Frenchman
The 'extravagance, as it is called, of our people, is
the common remark of Europeans; and, indeed
-.-.here are few among us so poor as to be confined
to the mere necessaries of life — for the day -laborer
n the whole. Take any commodity f T an exam-
ple; say grain, the great staple articb- ;;f the mid-
dle sta'tes. The probable consumptio ;>f grain in.
die United States, by the people and their stock,
worses, horned cattle, sheep and swine, cannot be
equal to less than one pound for each person, per day.
The population is ti millions.
8,1(00,000 persons, at 365 Ibs. Ibs. 2,920,000,000
Used for drinks— whiskey, beer, &c. 150,000,000
Ibs. 3,070,000,000
This is equal, let us say, to fifteen millions bbls.
of flour, and we have exported what was equivalent
to one million. If the foreign market demandtd
two millions of us instead of one, the whole quanti-
ty of sixteen millions would raise not less than two,
and, possibly, as much as five or six dollars per bbl.
The demand, therefore, for the extra million, would
give the growers of the article a value therein, from
three to ten times as great as that million, in itself,
might be worth. This appears a very plain case —
and this it is that makes the world mad about com-
merce and deluges the most distant nations and
stains everv sea with the blood c*f
Bread
stuffs are, at present, very dear in the United States
— but every person in it feels that this clearness is
not caused by a foreign demand, but by the short-
ness of the supply for huinc use. How different are
the effects produced by these two circumstances
which may raise the price of a commodity!
The above is the real cause why commerce is srt
much cherished and encouraged; — in i'tsclf, except,
to the United States, it affords but a small part of*
enjoys many of its conveniences and not a few of the revenues of governments. The boasted corn-
its hijcuritf, compared with his class in Europe.
Other countries produce a surplus of more or less
than those stated, according to their peculiar ha-
bits and particular circumstances. Great Britain
iuay spare from a tenth to a twelfth of the value pro-
duced by the various labor of lier people — because,
us it were, the market of all the world is before
her, and her subjects luork harder and live closer
than any other persons — to which may be superadd-
'-d the perfection of her labor-saving machinery, and
\'.\e general application of every power to produce
something of value, even down to that of a child
four or five years old. On the other hand, from the
nature of their soils, the absence of manufactures,
the difficulty of getting commodities to market,
jiltssia and Sweden may not be able to spare more
than a fortieth or fiftieth part of their productions
to foreigners. Commerce is the exchange of com-
modities ; and & nation cannot import more than
Vie \\tlae of her exports and the profits derived
from the last by any labor of transport, &c. bestow-
ed upon them, without becoming a debtor. Thus,
it is vt ry clear that if the United States export ar-
tides to 'the value of 45 millions a year, and import
other* which cost, in foreign parts, 100 millions, we
lhall £o behind hand 50 millions per annum, after
allowing 5 millions for the profit of labor on the
transport, supposing it to be done in our own ships.
However simll in:-ry seem the part of a naiion'b
product which can be spared from the home supply
even in Great Britain, where every thing is wo'rkec.
to the utmost of its power, — yet, the vent for that
portion, is of great importance, as it fixes a valu
merce of Great Britain — that is, all the duiies le-
vied and collected on imports aad exports, amount
to less than the simple article barley, in its cul-
ture and manufacture, yielded to the state. This
assertion will surprise many — but it is true.
The commerce of the world appears at a patts^;
a state of peace has thrown into the home marked
the surplus that might, be spared, and in all nations
there is a complaint about the "scarcity of -money. ^
There is no scarcity of money — the precious metals
are as abundant as ever, and the representatives o/
them are immensely multiplied everywhere; but.
the stimulus is wanting to give them the currenci}
yhich makes them plenty. Money is "scarce" in
he United States; there was a plenty of it in 1801.,
2 and 3, Sec.— but the ffuantity of circulating medi
urn is ten times greater now than it was then. Tin;
juantny is nothing, if it lies dead; and, compare-
ively, of little use, if it moves about sluggishly.
W*e see many dolorous essays in the eastern pa-
pers about the loss of the trade we had \viththe
vVest India island*, and complaint is made that the
lations who own theiD, supply them with their
own ships! This is a strange thing to grumble at;
we may regret the loss, but we have no right to
jluvne any one for it, except the European />«*£?-
nakers — nor does it square with morality to -wish
Europe at war, that we m.ty sell board.; and fish,
bread stt'.u's and potatoes, in the West Indies! The
trade \v;..> valuable to us — it is gone, and will be
kr.pc f; n as as long as the general peace lasts.1—
Every body expected thi ;, and more — for the worst
has not yet come. I said, hypothet.ically, 3 years
806
NILES* WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY. JULY 6. 1316.
" i tch vessels might be employed in tlie
or.i.r? ig l,u>;;^s of the United States — "in carry-
the ship-yards, fotmderies, laboratories and work-
shops, of all the various character that belongs to
the equipment of the land and sea service, not less
than one man of every four of the island — that is*,
one fourth part of the adult mules, of England and
Scotland drew their livelihood from the belligerent
of the West India trade. Provisions ate far ch cap- ! state of tlcJr country. ] cannot, believe that this
er in r'urop'-' than they are with us, and the ship- estimate is too large; but really think it is under the
riing of the r.at ions who hold the colonies want em- true proportion. A heavy force is still kept up, and
:iev can, therefore, supply them on bet- the supplies required for them is great — but the
ins* Hour from Baltimore to Boston." lint out
of this ncMiral consequence a political manoeuvre
,..,)•>; ed. v.overr.iTieivt might as v/ell be
bhmed for t!ic "spots in tie sun,"" us for the loss
terms than \ve can, and theyoujrht to do it, con-
'.•-', ler {'in.- subject in any point of view that we cm.
T!:e possessors' eF the colonies, rightfully and rea-
s.xKiblv. sec- ic :i vent in them for tfie surplus they
have, to give :i demand and stamp ?, value on the
buli; of their, products required for home use.
amount thrown upon civil life is enormous; and in-
stead of consuming- the surplus productions, they
add to the quantity produced. So it is in other
countries; and hence the universal cry of dullness
in business. When things are settled down, as the
saying- is, and trade shall find its perfect level,
though the pressure will realiy be greater, perhaps,
th-in it. is now, we shall bear it better, by a kmnv-
lat a r;->; ish colony, feels the disadvantage
;eiveral p -ace just as we do.* Her staples
are thrown out of the market in her sister colo- { ledge of what we may calculate upon, and ease it
mes, bv cheaper supplies from the mother coun- j by prudence and economy. It is well for us, that v. e
irv. ' ::;nl she v. ill be beggared to a certainty, if | have great room to reduce our cxpences, and yet
tilings last :;s they are: and so also \\ill the United] live better than any people in the world; f>r wo
Siting, if poopie'il'o not retrench their expcndi- must reduce them, so far at least as they are incur-
their own manufactures.—- *Iiap-
will not be
t'ircs.and e.^
it +{ manufacture — but
"to '.nuke a hob-nail."
: his necessity? — The following may shew
•U',-1 LM:C C.LU-/O of it. — l'i (treat Britain, only, there
u-erc employed in the military and naval service of
___ -t seu. or in the field, to fight — in
ieven v<_::.scis from sea, have arrived at
>ort sii:ce the opening of the navigation. Of
the greatest number are from Great-Britain
[, and many of them have brought valua-
1 K cargoes. Tiie experience of a few weeks, has
of most mercantile meg with unfu
vorablr- fen-choc', ings; and, al though, when the seed
L( en uncommonly late, will be
foirlv over, and the farmer and country traders will
have" time to attend the market, and make their
ir.i.-chL.scri, the prospect may brighten up a little,
\ CT we fear these forebodings are but too well
iu^iulf (1 Commerce is an exchange of commodities,
a> d it. i .-i luit 4>oo true that we have hardly any com-
modities to exchange f-)r the sopt rabundance of
goods whicU have arrived, and may still be cxpect-
7'roTisifjim, which were one of the staples of
red by the consumption of foreign articles.
ury, have actually been sent out tons f
ritain, and are, perhaps, the only arli
^ .is c miur
CU-eiil Britain
v:!iich IKIVC been sold at :\ jirnjlt.' :\J,anuf;
h:,ve none, but those that are imported.
Account of Brazil.
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 295.
Having given, in our last number, an account of
the ibland and town of St. Catharine, we now pro-
ceed to describe the neighboring coast. Just op-
posite to the said town is the village of St. Josse,
where the people are chiefly employed in sawing
timber, making bricks and raising rice. Near this
village is a lovely vale called Picada, thickly stud-
ded with white cottages, embosomed in orange-
groves and coffee plantations. "This valley, and the
others contiguous to it, form the extremities of
the territory inhabited by the Portuguese; for on
the land to the westward, though at a considera-
ble distance, dwell the Anthropophagi, here called
the Boogres."
After passing to the northward, through several
well-peopled parishes, we arrive at Armasao, a vil-
lage at the extremity of a bay, about nine leagues
from St. Josse, and four from St. Cruz. This is
the station for fishing' whales, which were formerly
. numerous on this coast. The boiling-house, tanks,
ily articles | &c. are f; r superior to any thing of the kind at
'actures we j Greenland dock, and indeed to nil similar estabiish-
from
Lumber, I meats in Europe. - Across the b.iy the cottage.,
ihe price of provisions and labor remains high, j present a curious picture of rural irreg-iil'aritj
can Hardly be afforded at a price to admit of a pro-; :ire built on the summits of conical mountains, the
iit in England. It cannot, under such cirat'msUnoesJ passage to which is frequently interrupted by clouds
stand a 'competition with lumber from the Baltic, j — others stand on tlie sides of gentle acclivities;
'('here remains, then, only the furs collected fiom ; but the greatest number are ail most in contact with
tiie Indian countries, of which the amount, conipa-j the ocean, which often flows to tlieir doors. On
rat.iv( ly to our importation, is trifling. Cash would: the shore of this bay is found the mnrex (shellfish)
li balances; but it hath "made itself wings;"*! which produces the beautiful crimson dye so valued
the government paper liaying been called in, the cir-iby the ancients.
cul,iti;ig medium does nut, perhaps, at present, ex-j St. Paul's is about three hundred miles to the
ct t-'d the amount necessary for internal use. The
diminution of the military c\] . ucliture, the sup-
plies wliie.h the military government will receive
north of this, and though there are several towns
and villages on the way between, yet there are few
circumstances in the description of them that might.
ftom Croat Britain, leave little hope from that • not naturally be inferred from the preceding ac
quarter. From whence then are to come the returns-?! counts. They are, first, the town ofCroupus, si-
Tlie deficiency is already felt in the unprecedented j tuated beside the harbor of the same n:*me. Next,
fall i'i price of almost every article of imported [continuing northward is San Francisco, which, a
. The importer must cither scl! at ;i
loss, or keep his goods till the quantity on hand is
more on ji level' with the means of the country,
which, we arc sorry to gay, is likely to be a lout
Or-
Groupus, has a fine harbor within a bay of
the same name. The small port of Cananea appears
next, and fhen the fine harbor of Santos, v. Inch is
! the embarking- place of St. Paul's, and store-house
f that great container. From Santos the rouO
NILES' ^EKLY REGISTERS-ACCOUNT OF BRAZIL,
307
passes overall immense range of mountains above
six thousand feet high. This road, which is at some
places cut for a considerable distance through so-
lid rock, is paved through the whole of its winding-
course over those great barriers.
St. Paul's is the capital of the district, and is sup-
posed to contain between fifteen and twenty thou-
sand inhabitants. The number of clergy, including
friars, &c. is estimated at five hundred. The hous-
es, which are generally several stories in height, arc
all of clay. The walls are formed by placing soft
clay between rows of boards set on their edges, and
fixed at a suitable width: it presently becomes hard
and durable as brick. The houses "are in this way
made of various colors, and ornamented with fi-
gures, &c.
Great varieties of vegetables are here in plenty,
as they require hardly any cultivation. Potatoes,
for instance, when once planted, continue to repro-
duce, from year to year, as no more is taken from
the beds of them than is wanted for daily use. —
The mandioca is more valued as a substitute for
bread, for which it requires but little preparation.
"When taken out of the ground, they wash and
scrape it clean, and then rasp it on a coarse grater
of iron or copper; press the juice from it, and place
it on a hot surface, a shallow copper pan, for in-
stance, four or five feet in diameter, or else a clay
one. There is kept a brisk fire underneath; while
it is constantly stirred, and when the moisture is
completely evaporated, it is immediately fit for use.
If preserved from wet, it will keep good a long-
time. In broths and soups it becomes gelatinous,
and affords rich nourishment; it is particularly good
when eaten with cheese. The wild or spurious
mandioca, called ipe, is little inferior, when roast-
ed, to fine chesnuts. The Portuguese use it roast-
ed and boiled." These roots are from six to twelve
pounds weight.
Farming is here conducted in a very wretched
manner, as the husbandmen think it sufficient if
they clear the timber oft' the land, but do not trou-
ble themselves to work the soil. It is not uncom
m&n to see coffee, cotton, maize and beaus thrown
into the corner of a shed and covered with green
hides; one half is invariably spoiled by mould and
putridity, and the remainder much damaged by
this stupid negligence. One of their m«st estimable
shrubs is the palrna christi, which bears fruit the
first year, and yields abundance of castor-oil, which
all families possess in such quantities that no other
kind is burnt.
Near St. Paul's- are the gold mines ef .Taragua,
now nearly worked out. The soil is red, remarka-
bly ferruginous, and in many places, apparently o
great depth. The gold lies, for th<? most part, in a
Stratum of rounded pebble and gravel, culled eas-
ctiUiao, immediately incumbent on rock of primi
five granite. In the valleys, where there is water,
frequent excavations occur, made by the gold wash-
ers, some of them fifty or a hundred feet wide, am
twenty dee]). In many parts the grains of gold are
found liule deeper than the roots of the grass.
The method used for working the mines is ex
tremely simple, and is called washing. Where \vn
ter can be brought oi a level sufficiently high, the
ground is cut into steps each 20 or 30 feet wide, 2 01
:> broad and about 1 deep. Near the bottom a trend
i's cut to the depth of two or three feet. On eaci
.step stand six or eight negroes, who, while the wa
ter flows gently from above, keep the earth contin
ually in motion with their shovels until the whole
of gold fall to the bottom. With the assistance of
a stream of water, the surface is cleared off. and
the stones picked out, and this sediment is the ra--.
calhao. After five days washing, 1'ie sediment, is
taken from the trench, and carried to a convenient
stream to undergo a second clearance, which i.*
performed in wooden bowls. It is done by putting
some of the cascalbao and some water in the bowls,
and shaking them to make the gold settle to the
bottom! The gold is extremely variable in the size
of its particles, some of which are HO minute that
they float, while others are found large as peas and
of i en larger.
With regard to the inhabitants of St. Paul's, they
appear to differ little fVom those of ihe places af-
ready described. They are characterized by the
same politeness and attention to strangers, the same
temperance, nearly the same modes of dress: the
ladies by the same fondness for amusements, the
fearoe vivacity of look and demeanor, the same
sprSghtliness of conversation, and by a still greater
degree of personal delicacy and debility.
The ladies and gentlemen have a singular amuse-
ment, that of throwing at each other artificial fruit,
uchas lemons or oranges, made very delicately of
vax, and filled with perfumed water. This l.;ey
vill sometimes continue until each party is as wet
tS if drawn through a river. On the days of earn i-
•al, the people parade the streets in musics, an.' the
Inversion of throwing those fruits is practised by
all persons of all ages, but it is reckoned improper
"or ihe men to throw at each other. The rr!am>f>o-
ure of such articles affords occupation to cc:
;ksses of the inhabitants; several hundreds i > the
capital derive subsistence f.-om the sale of tb. <i.
It would be unjust to leave St. Paul's without
xddihg, that they have shewn high claims to or.e
of the noblest characteristics that can belong LO a
nation — public spirit; a readiness of the uh<.
resent injuries done to any individual. "O.ne in-
star.ce occurred in the case of their governor, a no-
bleman, who had held an intrigue with the di;; L-
ter of a mechanic. The whole town espoused the
cause of the injured female, and compelled the go-
ernor, at the peril of his fife, to marry her."
There is no place of consequence on the route
from St. Paul's to Kio Janeiro — that is, back to the
)ort of Santos, thence by sea past the fine harbrtr at
the village-Of Bertioga, to P,'/rto Unya, then round
Toque-Foque through the strait of S'. Sebas-
tian to Zupitiva, &c. The inhabitants all along are
represented in the most unfavorable colors, iifo Ja-
leiro has been long a place of trade and consequence;
it is therefore generally known. And its impor-
tance has, no doubt, been much increased by iis
becoming the residence of the prince regent of Por-
tugal. It is supposed to contain about a hundred
thousand inhabitants, and is of considerable ex'ent,
as the houses are generally only of wne stosy. It is
supplied with wa;er L-om the nrountains by aque-
ducts, but a great part of the city is very ill slip-
led.
Canta Gallo, which Mr. Mawe visited at the re-
quest of the regency, to examine a silver mine rc,-
ported to have beej\ found, in that quarter, has harA-
ly any peenliarity to interest the reader. There
js reduced to liquid mud,
-.rejreh bdmv .\s it <.^en
and washed into t'u
-s therCj the T^ii
gold •u
near it, but the report of a silver mine
was foun I to be an imposture.
Mr. Ma-we's next journey wns through what !.•-
called the diamond district, the mines of Serra do
Frio. The permission to pass through that c<'unr
try, was a favor never before granted to a foreigner,
nor even to a Portuguese, oxc°pt on business 'rela-
tive to 1h-' mine*, a;rd i\*£\\ untler such, restrictions
N1LE6' WEEKLY REGIS TKR—SATtTRD AY, JULY ti, 18U>.
?.s rendered It impossible for them to obtain any
wate information
U « as :a this time that a negro, in the diamond
chstrict, notified the prince, that he had a diamond
•">nishinp; sixe, which had been given him by
eased friend. He vas immediately sent for,
an Vf'-'.rnishcd with a conveyance and an escort of
coldiers. He had a journey of twenty-eight days
;o 'nv.ke, and all along- the way he was hailed as al-
>, honored" with the cross of the order of St.
o. ' and sure of having the pay of a general of
b, i^a !e; thi- very soldiers anticipated promotion.
At'\st he arrived; threw himself at the prince's
feet, and presented the wonderful gem. A round
di.imond. nearly a pound in weight, filled them all
with wonder;- tfie world had never seen any thing
Comparable to it—the value could not be estimated,
but it must be worth many millions. The next day
Mr. Ma we was requested to examine it — he at
once discovered it to be apiece of rounded crys-
tal, of little or no value, but certainly of very sin-
gular appearance!
Along the road to Villa Rica, the people gene-
rally live in indigence; preferring-, where they have
the opportunity, to gain a miserable subsistence
from old mines" almost entirely exhausted, rather
than undergo the little labor that would render
them eomforta&e in agricultural pursuits.
Villt ttica— -the rich village— contains above two
tboosand houses, but the population has been by no
means proportionable of late years.* since the mines
huve been mostly worked out. One half of the hous-
es are untenwited. It was for many years reckon-
ed the richest place in Brazil, as all the gold found
in the vast district around was brougiit there. It
is the capital of the province of Minus Geraes, and
the seat of government.
The discovery of this mountain, once so rich, was
effected by the enterprising spirit of the Paulistas,
(inhabitants of St. Paul's } who, of all the colonists,
rct-ui'iecl the largest share of that ardent, indefati-
gable zeal which characterise! the Lnsitanians of
former days. They penetrated from their capital
into these regions, sustaining every hardship, and
braving every danger which opposed them in a sa-
v.'ige country, infested by still more savage inhabi-
tants. They cut tlit-ir way through woods which
were otherwise absolutely impen ious; they culti-
vated small spots by tie way, for sustenance and
places of retreat. F.vfrv inch of ground was dis-
puted hy the n\e;:-e:t'.im; I« lians, here called Booto-
coodies, who \\ ere constantly either attacking- them
openly, or lying in ambush "for them. Arriving at
the mountain beside the present town, its riches' ar-
re-ted tiieir course. Ti-.^e first discoverers were
soon followed bv advc -f\\- .••. rs ciiieilv from Hio Jan-
eiro-, who dispossessed and dispersed the first; and
prvesently when the bloodshed was finished, the go-
ut hea-.ir.:.'; of tl;e great treasure there, sen',
u cli'ef with troops, and took the management of ti
m.itters into iis own hands. In 1750, the mines were
at 1!:e height of their prosperity. The king's fifth
during that period amounted to about a million
.sterling annually.
\ ilia !iica, the cascalhao is dug out of the
n:'.u;it:;in and carried to convenient places to be
Av^s'ied. As they always dig the softest places, the
face of the mountain is perforated like a i OIK •• -
comb. \V: it'ii tne gold dust is brought to me
ing-houses, it is first permuted, and a fifli ia-
kt-n for liie p. ince. The rest is put inio a lies ,iai,
'•" iVible and pu.Cc-d on a furn..ce which is like .
:ultJ!'s f >rge. A quantity of corrosive subli-
mate is added, the scorics, if there be any, are re-
moved, and more sublimate put in, until the. ft
is complete. After this it is held in the fire until
the mercury evaporates; it is then cast into an in-
got. When cooled it is given to an assay master,
who determines its fineness, which is of various
degrees, from 16 carats' to 234. It is then stamp-
ed, registered, and a copy of the register given with
it to the owner. Those who bring gold dust, re-
ceive it again in a circulating form in less than an
hour.
' The rich iron ores with which the district abounds
would furnish more profitable employment than the
gold mines do at present. Even agriculture might
be followed to great advantage; the climate is very
genial and produces excellent wines.
British Arrogance.
[The passage of a party of sailors through Albany,
some time ago, for lake .Era1, may have some con-
nection with the proceedings of the .British. We
trust a sufficient force will be sent there to assist
the. very. modest Englishmen in the business of search —
AFTEU PKIUIY'S M.VN5KN, if reason and justice fail.
The people will not bear with puppyism on the
lakes.]
TO THE EDITOR OF THE PITTSBVIIG MEUCI7HT.
Detroit, June 8, 1816.
Dear sir — I transmit you sundry depositions, which
have been taken respecting the boarding and search-
ing of our vesels at Amherstburgh, together with a.
copy of his excellency, governor Cass's letter, to the
commandant of his Britannic majesty's schooner
Tecumseh, on the subject. Further, Mr. Wing, a
gentleman of great respectability, and passenger
on board the brig Hunter, states in addition to tlu-
Mess. Lamed 's depositions, that before he left Buf
falo, it was seported that the "Union" (the vessel
that was fired at) was to be boarded on her way up.
You will therefore readily see that the thing was
determined on and must be considered as the au-
thorised act of the British government.
These depositions prove the existence of a state
of things upon lake Erie, -which require the immediate
adoption of decisive measures That vessels bearing
the flag of the Unued States should be stopped, and
forcibly entered, with the avowed purpose of taking
from them persons found on board, and within sight
of the spot consecrated by the victory of Perry, is
not to be tolerated.
Upon these inland seas there are no belligerants
and no neutrals, and therefore no rights for the one
party to exercise, nor wrongs for the other to suffer,
in consequence of those relations. There are no
contraband articles of war, in search of which a
vessel may be entered, and the principal channel of
communication upon the hikes, and upon the straits
uniting them, forms the boundary between tiie U
States and Canada. Neither party* has any jurisdic-
tion over the vessels of the other, while pursuing
this route,
DOCUMENTS.
Territory of Michigan, Dist. of Detroit^ to wit.
BE it remembered, that on this fourth day or"
June, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight
hundred and" sixteen, personally appeared before
me, the undersigned, one of the justices of the
peace for the district of Detroit aforesaid, Janu-s
Heard, muster of the brig (l Union," who being so-
lemnly swoni, deposeth and declares, that on the
thirty fiV>i day of May Insi, while the Union' was
passing opposite Maiden, in Upper Canada, on her
wuy t<; . a mitske was discharged from a.
Britbh vouv-:.), 'neri at anchor, and presently ar
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— BRITISH ARROGANCE.
309
upwards a boat, with a naval officer and four men,
left said vessel, and made towards the Union, and
waving a hat, deponent settled the top-gallant-sai],
presuming they came to enquire the news; and, on
their coming on board the Union, the officer told
this deponent that he was informed two British sea-
men, deserters from their vessel, were on board.
Deponent replied that he did not know of any such
mc'i, after having asked their names, but that his
ere .v were on deck, which the officer asked to view,
as he knew the deserters, and not finding them, he
ordered one of his men down into the forecastle to
search for them, and none being found there, the
officer asked the news and then departed.
JAMES BEARD.
Sworn and subscribed. before me, at Detroit, this
fourth day of June, 1816, aforesaid.
GEO. M'DOUGALL, J P.O. D.
Territory of Michigan, Dint, of Detroit, to wit.
BE it known, that on this fourth day of June, in
the - ear of our Lord, one thousand eight hundrec
and sixteen^ personally appeared before me, the
undersigned, one of the justices of the peace fo
the district aforesaid, Oliver Edwards, master o
the schooner Champion, who being solemnly sworn
dcp - vth and saith, that yesterday afternoon, bein
abreast of Maiden in Upper Canada, a boat with a
officer and four men left a British vessel there, a
anchor, and from a great distance hailed him to low
er his topsail, which deponent complied with, no
knowing but they were desirous of hearing the new
The boat's crew then came on board, headed by
British naval officer, in uniform, and demanded th
master's name, to see his crew and lading, to whom
consigned, from whence and where bound. The
at them, with which answer he appeared perfectly
satisfied, lie then enquired the news and dep:;ru.-d
EPUIIAI.M PENTLAND.
Sworn and subscribed, before me, thi.-, fourth d:ty
of June, A. D. 1816, aforesaid.
Cl;0. M'DOUGALL, J. P. D. D.
Territory of Michigan, Dist. of Detroit, to wit.
BE it remembered, that on this eighth day of June,
the year of our Lord, one thousand ei£ht hundred
I sixteen, personally appeared before me, the
dersigned, one of the justices of the peace, in
d for the district of Detroit aforesaid, Geo. B.
Darned, who being duly sworn, deposeth and suith,
lat on the third day of June present, being' a pas-
iger on board the brig Hunter, the property of
ic U. States, while abreast of Maiden an individual,
laving the appearance of naval officer, came on.
ard the brig Hunter, in a boat, accompanied by
ir men, and walked towards captain Norton, who
standing- at the helm; having first ascertained
at he was the captain, asked him the following
uestions; what is the name of your vessel, her
nnage, have you any guns on board, are your pas-
ngers and men on deck, except those gone ashore
the boat. He then asked the captain to shorten
s sail, as he would carry him too far, then walked
\e deck twice, looked carefully into the hold of
ic vessel, to ascertain her loading or other objects,
id at the passengers and men on board, atm de-
larted; after being in the boat, he looked at the
issengers and vessel, through his hand, while on
is return. And further the deponent saith not.
(Signed) GEO B. LAKNED.
Sworn and subscribed before me, at Detroit, the
sat down and took down a memorandum in writing
and- in all his proceedings, the British officer aetec
in a very imperious manner, and then left tl
Champion; he also asked if the vessel carried ai
guns; and further the deponent saith not.
OLIVER EDWARDS.
Sworn and subscribed before me, at Detroit, th
4av and year first above written.
GEO. M'DOUGALL, J. P. D. D.
Territory of Michigan, Dint, of Detroit, to wit.
BE it remembered, that on this fourth day
June, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eig
hundred and sixteen, personally appeared befo
me, the undersigned, one of the justices of t
peace, in and for the district of Detroit afores
Ephraim Pentland, esq. of Pittsburg, in the sU
of Pennsylvania, who being duly sworn, deposet
and saith, that he was a passenger on board t
schooner General Wayne, of Presque Isle, capt:
John Burnham, bound' to Detroit; that on Moncl
the 3d of June, at about 10 o'clock, A. M. the Gei
ral Wayne was boarded by a boat with an offic
and four men, from his Britannic majesty's arm
schooner Tecumseh, then lying at anchor abre
of Arnherstburg; as the boat came along side, t
British officer ordered the topsails to be lowere
and immediately came on deck, enquired for t
commanding officer, and pulled out of his pock e
paper and pencil, and enquired the name of t
vessel; where she was from, where bound, w'
cargo she had on board, and to whom it belongec
which questions were all answered by the capti
lie then asked if the vessel carried -any guns, .am
rras answered in the negative, and enquired
number of the crew and desired the captain to ca
"hem aft, to which the captain answered that
nn^n were ?.\\ forward at work, and he might lp
ay and year first above written.
(Signed) GEO. M'DOUGALL, j. r. D. E. T. u,
Territory of Michigan, District of "Detroit, ss.
Be it remembered, that on this eighth day of
une, in the year of our Lord, one thousand e"i;;-ht
undred and sixteen, personally appeared before me,
he undersigned, one of the justices of the peace in
nd for the district of Detroit aforesaid, Charles
Darned, esq. attorney-general for the territory of
Michigan, who beii\g duly. sworn, deposeth "ami
aith, that on the 3d day of June present, he was-
in board the brig Hunter, belonging to the United
States, when she entered the mouth of Df -roi:
iver, then moving- under easy sail, at:d when saii
.rig had passed the Tecumseh, a British vessel,
hen at anchor before Amherstburgli, said bri/r wa-
inarded by an individual having the appearance of
t n.ivy officer, he made immediate enquiry for ine
captain of the vessel, and was directed to VI.-. ?\o;-
on, ihen having, charge of her; on reaching the
companion way, where Mr Norton was then sKnd-
g, lie took from his pocket a paper and p-
and demanded of said Norton if he comtvsande.1
vessel, to which said Norton. replied in the uff: •
mative; he made sundry other enquiries which t.
deponent could not distinctly understand, being
some distance from them. Deponent then walk,
astern, and enquired of the 'individual, if he :.
collector of that port; he replied in the negative.
and observed he was ;
then asked Mr. Norton
young navy
ii if this pv
officer; de-
procedure was cus-
tomary: he replied he had known of no such case
before, but presumed it was, as lie was so near their
shore; the officer then passed midships, and examin-
ed tiie whole of the vessel; the hatches then being-
removed, he eyed with great care and attention, all
the men then on deck, and lefc the vessel; on reach-
ing his boa^ he put his hand to his eye, and lucked.
310
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1816.
very significantly towards those on deck, and then
at the vessel.
(Signed) CHARLES L MINED.
Sworn and subscribed, before me, the day and
year first above written.
" (Signed) (JEO. M'DOUGALL, J r. D. i>. T. M.
Copy of governor Cassia letter to the commanding offi-
cer cf the liritish schooner Tecit-mseh.
"DETROIT, June 6, 1816.
"Sir — It has been officially represented to me,
.that, in several instances, within a few days, ves-
sels bound from ports of the United States upon
lake Erie, to this place, have been boarded by par-
ties of men from un armed vessel of ids Britannic
m -jesty, lying off Amherstburgh.
"These parties have entered the vessels while
passing through the usual channel of communica-
tion between lakes Erie and Huron, in one instance
with the avowed object of taking therefrom two
men, under the pretence of their being British de-
tMMters, and in all instances with objects so far as
they could be asxertained from the questions and
conduct of the boarding officer, which furnish no
justification for a British officer in forcibly entering
a vessel of the United States.
"The manner in which this service has been per,
.formed, has had no tendency to diminish the effect
which the character of such transactions is calcu-
lated 1o produce.
"The conduct of the boarding officer has been
arrogant and impeiious.
"in an aggression like this, the government of
the United States can alone determine what course
the honor and interest of the nation requires should
be taken.
"But until their decision shall be made known
upon the subject, it becomes Iny duty to remon-
strate against a practice for which the laws of na-
tions afford no pretence; which is inconsistent with
the relations existing between our respective go-
vernments; -anti, the continuance of winch must be
attended witli serious and important consequences.
"Very respectfully, sir, I have the honor to be,
your obedient servant.
(S gred) "LEWIS CASS.
'•''The tifficc.r commanding his Jlrifctnnic~)
mnjesty's vessel Tccumxch." y
is with deep regret we observe tins unto-
\vard spirit in our lai e enemy, especially when we add
to it the notorious fact, that .British influence is still
e-:cited among several of the Indian tribes, wit /tin
our territory, to keep the wretched aborigines in a
s'ate of hostility with us — Among- those who Appear
still determined to hold the hatchet which their
"British father" gave them, are the Falsavoiiies and
the chief bands of the Winnebagoes. The Sioux have
lately concluded a treaty at St. Louis, which, it
seems, they would have done a long time ago but
for the interference of the enenn/. Some measures
must be adopted to keep the British traders, as well
in skins as in blood, within their own limits. But
this happy circumstance is coming to pass — the po-
pulation ofi the shores of the lakes, and in the west-
ern country lately ravaged by the British savages,
is becoming so great, as to give Instant means to
I,;tke Erie, and are about to build a frigate at Mad-
den. They for some time past have been cngiuring
carpenters from the states at three dollars per day
to \V(>rk .it the frigate.
These facts must be known to the American go-
vernment, and ought to excite a corresponding vi-
gilance and activity.
Declaration of Independence.
We have no authentic copy of this most important
state paper, the very basis that supports the proud
column of American liberty: none at least, on which
the eye of taste can rest, for a moment, with satisfac-
tion. If'/ltl /KIT!' 71'? not ?
The English nation, still proud of their HAGXA
CHARTA, though every provision it contains has been
trampled upon, by the bold ambit ion of their ruler?,
have published edition after edition of this instru
ment, each more splendid than its predecessor. —
Sir William Blackstonehas collated and commented
on it — his fine copy of magna cliarta has beoai ex-
celled bj- later specimens of art, and the fac-sunile;:
of the seals and signatures, have made every reader
in Great Britain acquainted, in some degree, not
merely with the state of knowledge and of art fit
the period in question, but with the literary attain-
ments, also, of king John, king Henry and their
"barons bold."
Surely the Declaration o? American Independence,
is, at least, as well entitled to the decorations of
art, as the magna cliarta of England : and if the
fac-similes of the signatures of the patriots who
signed it were published in America, it would
serve to gratify a curiosity, at least, as laudable as
that which calls for imitations of the correspondents,
of Junius, or of the aristocracy that wrested the
English charter from the reluctant monarchs of the
day.
We are firmly persuaded that the more the.
principles of our Declaration of Independence are
spread out before the eyes of the world, the more
they will be admired, by foreign nations as well as our
own : and every innocent and honest device that
may serve to attract attention toward them will serve,
also, to promote the great cause of public liberty.
Such an embellished edition as will render it an
ornament to an apartment, will have a tendency
to spread the knowledge of its contents, among
those who would othei-ynse have turned their
thoughts but lightly towards the subject. Such
an edition will serve to place it continually under
the eye of man, woman and child in a family— it
will associate the pleasurable ideas of elegance and
ornament, with the history of the transaction itself,
and familiarize those principles which form, orough*
to form, the very bond and cement of political soci-
ety. Nor is it of small moment, that such an edition,
well executed, will serv; as a specimen of the state
of the FIXK ARTS amongst us at the present day,
Actuated by these views, the subscriber proposes
to publish A s*j.KXDTn EDITION- of the HKCLAUATIOW
OF INDEPENDENCE, v/liioh shall be, in all respect's,
manufactured in this
Jlll the necessary materials shall bd
„ 0 _... WUI . coup.try, and expressly for
punish aggression, when the overt act is fairly com-! publication. The designv, '.he ffngruiri*$& shall
mitted. The miserable Creeks IWQ probably lostl^e ^'e wol'k of American artists: the publication
lialf their people by listening to the deceive:"; and turoug'J(JU" shall afford evidence of what our citi-
zens liave done in politics, and 'can do in art.
Philadelphia, March, 1816.
I'LA-X A.VD TKHMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
When the publisher submitted the preceding notice oF Iiis in-
tennon to undertake this national publication, although it liad
long o'Vr^^.J JI.T reflevaow^fee was not fully aware af i'.$ fc.-
, W. Indians, though not eo rasily to be come
at, jnnsf, in the end, meet the same fate — if thev
pursue the same course.
A Hiirrisbiirg paper says — The British govern-
ment have seven armed vessels of Ulffwept &Izes«n
HILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—LEGISLATURE OF RHODE-ISLAND.
the pay of the state troops in the United Stales' - f-
vicc, has been applied to the dischar^-
e, for he had never suspected what the fatt really is, thy
there is no where extant an authentic publihsed copy of the mo;
important .state pap*.- in the armaN of the world. ¥1^> VIS ""'" W^' to tlic <l»*d"
The original declaration of independ. ncf, as deposited in the made HI September, Ril-'1-, and Was rcr
^M^£^^n^^^ '^"^^ <>'VS I subscribers at the par of real money.
upon slight diff-rence. ii.aeeuraeits, or omissions, the first words | ciation in tins way was satisfactory to th<
winch present themselves fn oisr printed copies, and even as they I sci'ibcrs, and Saved to the state ill
rn .' j i-ongrtv't anemblcJ,"— whereas in the original the de- j dition to the satisfaction *.ve ran-:
t.hus di.- charged our o
at a time of general despondency, < I
money for the defence of the state-
gratuiate ourseivjs on the condi: io-i or
According to the fepo
, . t- ' 1 . ,. -v r
on of the thirteen United Slates ej
America."
This is not a mere verbal distinction; it involves a difference in
principle. Does it become Americans to be careless on this subji et
«u- oujrht i:iter|»olation or alteration of any kind to be permitted in
» public document so sacred? Ought it not to be faithfully pre-
d, letter tor Ict-
setted and traotmitted to posterity, word for word
ti-r and point tor point?
The American public will unhesitatingly answer YES! and the
publisher stands pledged to have it so engraved, and to accompany
treasurer, at the May session, UK
"
\viil be sufficient for"rtii our <-..
may probably place it in tbe
bly either to po-- iA, (>ig
ficttmd by Mr. Amies, in hU btst manner and of the very best , ir tiie O.-;linary tax slv) i!-.i
materials. ie pro\ 5.->ion f.r jHnytox 'he interest on tl
Ihe design, which is from the pencil of Mr. Bttdpori, will be f,t/v ,1 ->! t
,. * j • • ' .. ..... __ _ /. / __ _,._.« , _.,, • .„!„ *u.~ -i,.~i ^taic ciCDi, or
» *• " -ill he ma
Amies, in hU best manner and of the very best,
paying- u-e interest
..i.jing' th;
J- 1 itable price.
Tiie competition with foreign nations in commerce
and manufactures, produced by the restoratji
Hie relations of
executed in imitation of lias relief; and will encircle the declara-
tion as a cordon of honor, surmounted by the arms of the United
Stat. s. Immediately underneath the arms will he a large medallion
portrait of general George Waxhington, supported by cornucopia,
and embeUislusd uit/i shears, flag*, and other military trophies and
emlilfnis. On one side of this medallion pjjrtrait, will be a similar
portrait of John Hancock, pn-sident of congress, July 4, 177ft; and
on the otlv. r, a portrait of Thomas Jefferson, author of the Decla-
ration of Independence.
The arms "of the thirteen United States," in medallions, united
hy wreaths of olive leaves, will form the remainder of the cordon1,
which will be further enriched by some of the chavacu ristic pro- .
diietionsof the United States, such as the tobacco and indigo plants,; aiidi lion to these Circumstances, ue Siill ii;:ve to
^The'wI^S^thrdVS™, (except;,,? the portraits,) will be en- 1 ff^l'f t the nuctuatino: and depreciated condition of
vtd hy Mr. Murray, of Philadelphia, who has tor some weeks j t:le bank paper mediums, of many of
uic rvia.uons or peace among tne [uuropean po-.vcr'--,
has operated unfavorably u])on tisos^ jiupf.rijut in-
terests in this country; and the beiH-iu i;,i i\s-,.its
anticipated by some, from the lute commercial trea-
ty with Great Btitain, have not hcen realize;!. In
the uncertain and unequal value of these
j of New-York, will engrave tl»e portraits
py tl
executed by Mr. Fairman
The facsimiles will be engraved by Mr. Va-ttance, who will es-
.ecute this important part of the publication at the city of Wash-
ington, where. by permission of the secretary of state, he will have
the original signature} constantly under hit eye. ,,,,., wl
The public nrt: w> II apprized that the genttejpen whose names ,, '•"
Iiave bven mpiitiom-/, as ui.dertaking particular departments in the I aP>-cl<?-
However we may regret the existence of ihis st:
ley are evils, which the wisdom of ihe i-Titeral
on^ht to be uniform throughout the United S
The same causes have produced an ine.ui*tity in
payments^to public creditors, mir.e of v/iio'ti "can.
now obtain paymeliL in paper, equal in vniue to
proposed publication, are tiie first artists in the United Stat' s, and|
tht-y have, one nnd all, assured the publisher, that they will sedii-l Q.
luiisly devote themselves to the eNrcution of the several parts they i ,'
have undertaken, and will linish them in such a manner, as to do
credit to themstlws and to the country, so Jar as depend* on the
anxious employment of their respective talents on this national
work.
The portraits will be engraved Cram original paintings and the
most esteemed liknesses.
The arms of the United States, and of the several states, will be
faithfully executed from official descriptions and documents, arid in
the manner directed by the most approved authors on the *cieiice
vernnient, aided by the increasing- native resource a
of the country, and by a system of frugality iu. the
public expenditures, may in time remote.
Our prospects as to trade and manufactures are
such as ought to induce a rigid economy in public
and private affairs, and a regular an.d systematic
industry in all the occupations of life.
The changes which late events have produced,
led to increase the number «.f p»-
olvent act. The time of the as-
senibiy will be considerably occu'vi.-d ri h'barintc
fffiyaffiySffil^^*"' and While {]^ •* extending il£
ties, alid a list of the sulncriher*' names. relief of tiie laws - ~
The engravings fcill be delivered to subscribers in the manner in
which they may have subscribt-d.
It is contemplated to nave a few copies printed on paper
to carry colors, to ha\e the shields accurately V"ct"rL
modern style, and the plants, &c. colored by one of our most ap-
proved water colorers. The pric-; of those superb copies will be
THIRTEEN dollars each. A? no more of those copies will he
printed than shall be subscribed for, gentlemen who wish for the.'n,
are requested to add the word "culvred" to their subscriptions.
Pbiladelph
arrangements made, anil the dispositions manifi stol
by the artists, it is confidently expected that this tngravihg will be,
when finished, a splendid and truly national publication. TheJhuve
publisher thinks he can promise tlm it shall bertady to deliver to' t-
subscribers in February next, at TEN dollars each copy, to be paid i lllo^<s
ed by a pamphlet*, comaiinng
on delivery.
iws to cases of misfortune and real
the manner in poverty, the? ought to be careful that the proil
aper prrparf.l i aml frwduknt do not abuse their cicmeucy, atthe
ctured in the. expense ot the lionciit creditor.
JOHN BINNS, J\o. 70, Chesnui-strcet. 1
ia, June 8, 1816.
Legislature of Rhode Island.
GO VERNOil'S MESS A( ;K.
Cent If men of the senate an'! cf the house of reprcxi'iitaihYS—
Agreeably to an act of the general assembly, nas-
«ed at last February session, the money received
from the United States in reimbursement of tiie ad-
expense ot tne none^t creditor,
Home amelioration has been formerly proposed of
the lav/ authorising attachments to tl'.e full «
of all U»edebtpr*6 property, ar.ii it i;;-; been l!,oi:!>-i,f
at certain articled of absoiuie jj j-cc-s.uty j'or Vi;e
mfortable upholding- of life, sl'ould be excnn/icd
in favor of his family; if any reg-alation of this kind
can be devised, not liable to die abrse* of ii\
it miht alleviate many crises of
j iiaps not prove injurious to tiie substantial ri*liis of
! creditors.
Though we are called upon to humble ourselves
before (jon, on account of his visitations in tl-a
:rom the United States in reimbursement of tiie ad- coldness and drvness of the seasons and in the
•anre made by the Mute aMhe close of the w\\?. for ajurniia^ sickness wiUl xvluch muny parts of our
312
N1LES? WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY C, 1816.
country have been afflicted, we have also to express
our gratitude and thankfulness for his numberless
favors and blessings; particularly for his goodness,
in awakening the people at large,' to a more serious
attention to their spiritual interests, and in turning
many from the error of their ways, to serve the liv-
ing and true God.
All Christian people will find consolation and re-
newed cause for acknowledgement of the Divine
goodness, in the restoration of a general peace. The
wars and fightings, proceeding from unruly passions
of men, are the fruitful source of many of the great-
est evils we have suffered or still continue to feel;
if men could view each other as brethren, and, as
much as in them lie, would live peaceably with all,
most of the evils I have alluded to, would be remov-
ed or mitigated.
The earth, cultivated by virtuous men, regarding
each other in the temper of the gospel, would pro-
duce enough for the subsistence of its inhabitants;
and habits of industry, and good order would meet
their sure reward. May it please the Almighty to
^vert fur from us, and all other nations, the recur-
rence of the scenes of disorder, anarchy and blood-
shed, which have deformed of late years the fair-
est portions of the globe; and continue to us the
full enjoyment of all the blessings, consequent upon
the restoration of. peace and tranquillity.
WILLIAM JONES.
Newport, June 17, 1816.
Finances of Massachusetts.
We are indebted for the following very interesting
exhibit of the finance of Massachusetts to the Port-
land Gazette.
The following is an official statement ef the public debt
of the state of Massachusetts, reported by the trea-
surer, June 7, 1816.
Six per cent, stock, issued for loans for
defence, 846,000 00
Five per cent, funded debt, 540,213 51
Five per cent, loans from the several
banks, 130,000 00
51
No. 2.
Stock belonging to the commonwealth.
Balance of principal, 1st April, 1816, on
certificate No. 4352, 6 per cent. U. S.
stock, present value, 14,162 00
Balance of principal, 1st April, 1816, on
'certificate No. 3239, deferred 6 per
cent. U. S. stock, present value, 217,500 00
Certificate No. 3345, 3 per cent, stock, 249,760 20
Certificate No. 217, 6 per cent, stock,
new, 9,901 59
Certificate No. 364, 7 per cent, stock,
new, 9,328 00
Certificate No. 469, 7 per cent stock, 9,328 00
Certificate No. 1250, 7 per cent, stock, 19,766 00
Certificate No. 1777, 7 per cent, stock, 10,034 00
Jleimbursement and interest due 31st of
December, 18l4,on the two first above,
unpaid, 19,268 59
Reimbursement and interest due 31st of
March, 1815, on the two first above,
unpaid, 9,328 36
Stock in the Union Bank, 400,000 00
Hock in the Boston Bank, 600.000 00
Exhibit of property, e-rctiirfre of lands, belonging
the commonwealth »f .Massachusetts.
Balance of Robert Morris' bond, 4,479
Leonard Jarvis' notes, 3,270
W. Wetmore, J. Peck and S. Waldo's
notes, 23,127
R. llaskell, P. fiilman and N. Fay's notes, 13,505
Jeffrey & Russell's, :.7'6
W. Sc R. M'Farland's note, 12
Waterman Thomas, ' 4,852
Silas Hazeltine's note to L. Jarvis, and
endorsed, 528 95
J. J. J. & M. Clark, jr. & Wm. Muz/ey's
note, 142 f»9
Thomas G. Waite's note, 1/»32 48
William Tudor's notes, 320 74
O. Phelps, !,181 50
Leonard Jarvis' notes, 14,353 80
Benjamin Fisk's bond, 644 25
John Putnam's bond, 644 20
Daniel Epes' bonds, 1,293 151
Charles Blanchard's bond, small balance
due, 488 OS
Aaron Tuft's and John Baker's bond, 1,206 52
Thomas Cobb's bond, 600 00
Joseph Treat's bond, 2,532 00
Isaac Chamberlain's note, 640 20,
Exon vs. J. Peck, \V. Wetmore and W.
Tudor, 2,658 36
John Leavitt and Charles Leavitt's note, 94 38
Josiah Bachelder's note, 305 00
John Watson,Harry Premiss and B.Cbee-
ver'snote, 6,684 51
Bonds and mortgages, lodged by the so-
licitor, received of Skinner's bonds-
men, balance due thereon, 16,709 4/K
§105,477 59
The greater part of the above were given for lands ,
but' the parties failing, the lands will revert to the
commonwealth; and not more than 20,000 thereof
can probably ever be collected in money.
No. 3.
List of the salary officers of the state of JMttssachnsetlf,
and their annual pay.
His excellency the governor, 2,666 66
His honor the lieutenant governor, 533 34
His honor the chief justice, 3,500 00
Four associate judges, #3000 each, 12,000 00
Secretary and clerks, 5,800 00
j Treasurer and clerks, 4,600 00'
Attorney-general, 2,000 00
Solicitor-general, 2,000 00
Adjutant-general and clerks, 3,500 00
Quarter-master-general and clerks, 2,700 CO.'
Reporter, 1,000 00
Judge ttuwes, 750 00
State prison visitors,
Clerks of the senate and grants, &25 00
Clerk of the house and grants, 600 00,
Reporter of debates, Walcut, keeper of
the state-house, messenger and assis-
tants, and page, 4,000 00t
$1,668,354 74
£46,875 00
Schedule of expenditures and revenue of the state of
Massachusetts.
Salary officers brought forward, 46,875 00
Committee on accounts roll, 80,000 00
Average of pay rolls, last five years, 58,000 00'
Quarter-master-general's department, 13,000 OC
State prison, 10,500 00'
Interest on 5 percent, stock. 27,500 <-i'
01 P
^ on dry balances to county treasurers,
pensions, incidental expenses and
grants,* 29,000 00
Interest on loans from banks estimated
1 as they now stand— #130,000, 6,500 00
Interest on loan for defence, 50,760 0(
Total of annual expenditure, $322,135 OC
(State tax, 133,33333
Bank tax, 113,000 CK
Bank dividend, 60,000 0(
Total of annual revenue, §306,333 3i
The bank dividends are stated at 6 p- ct. although
during- the war they did not produce so much.
French Budget.
ORDINARY EXPENSES.
fPerpetual debt
J Five per cent, cons
(^Pensions
Civil list 25,000,000
Royal family (including the one million
voted by the law of the 28th of March,
1816)
Chamber of peers,
— of deputies,
Foreign affairs (including the 1,500,000
francs, voted b) the law of the 28th
March, 1816)
Interior (including the 5,000,000 of in-
crease for the clergy) 51,000,000
Departmental expenses, 23,930,52'.
War, 180,000,,UO
Marine (including the invalid chest, at
1,900,000 francs) 48,000,00
General police, 1,
Finances, 16,
Interest of public securities, 8,J
Negociation expenses, 12,000,000
Sinking fund, 20,000,000
Interest on royal bonds, about to expire, 1,122,000
Francs.
125,500,000
9,000,000
2,000,000
700,000
8,000,000
Direct
taxes
Total, 548,252,520
ORDINARY RECEIPTS.
Land tax 172,132,000
Personals & move-
ubles, 27,289,000
Doors and windows 12,892,000
..Patents, 15,416,000
227,720,000
4,554,380
-223,174,420
Deduct losses and non-col
lections,
Twelve cents additional to the principal
of the land and personal tax, on the
50 cents levied in 1815, destined to
departmental expenses, 23,930,520
Registrations and domains, 114,000,000
Woods, 20,000,000
Salt» . 35,000,000
Sundries — lotteries, posts and salt works
of the east, 29,000,000
Indirect taxes, 67,350,000
I obacco and snuff, 38,000,000
Custom duties, 20,000,000
*In this item may be included certain expenses
arising out of the war; but there is no evidence'Tin
the treasury office by which the exact amount can
o*0 ascertiherl.
Ordinary receipts,
Ordinary expenses,
570,454,940
548,252,320
. Difference, 22,202,420
EXTRAORDINARY EXPENSES.
1. War contributions, 140,000,000
2. Expenses of maintaining 150,000 men 130,000,000
3. Payments to the houses of counts
Benthlem and Steinfurth, 800,000
4. Repayment of theJialf of 20 millions
advanced by the departments for the
clothing and equipment of foreign
troops, 10,000,000
5. Aids granted by the king to the de-
partments which suffered the most du-
ring the military occupations of 1815, 10,000,000
Total 290,800,000
BAIANCE.
The extraordinary receipts,
including the excess of the
ordinary receipts, are 291,243,141
The extraordinary expenses 290,800,000
Difference in excess, 543,141
EXTRAORDINARY RECEIPTS.
(Additional centimes to be levied as in 1815.)
1. Thirty-eight additional cen-
times on the principal of
the land tax, the tax on
persons and moveables, 75,7/9,980
10 centimes on doors and
windows, 1,289,000
5 centimes on patents, 771,000
Deduct for losses, Sec
77,839,980
1,556,799
-76,285, IS:
EXTRAORDINARY CONTRIBUTIONS AND RESOURCES.
. 110 centimes on the total
:im--'nt of patents, . 17,805,700
50 centimes oa the princi-
pal of doors as ul windows 6,446,000
10 centimes on the princi-
pal of the tax on persons
and moveables, 2,728,900
26,980,600
Deduct for losses, &c. 2,698,060
3. Securities (cautionnements)
4. Deductions from salaries
5. Renunciation by, the king1 on the civil
list, for the departments which suf-
fered most during the military occu-
pation in 1815,
6. Increase of the custom duties
7. Increase on the stamps & registration,
8. Sums to be recovered on communal
property sold up to this date
9. Sums to be recovered on woods sold
up to this date
10. Sums to be recovered on the dis-
counts of national domains
LI. Sum to be taken on the supplemen-
tary vote of credit of six millions of
annuities,
•24,282,540
50,633,000
13,000,000
10,000,000
20,000,000
26,000,000
22,992,000
12,950,000
8,000,000
5,000,000
Excess of the ordinary receipts above
the ordinary expenses,
269,140,721
22,202,420
Total, 29 1,343,.: 41
314 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURBAY, JULY 6, 1816V.
The Cherokee Indians.
We are indebted to the kindness of Dr. Milchillfo?
permission to publish the following letter, which
is well worthy of a perusal. The copy received,
is the hand-writing of a young- Cherokee. "There
is no doubt, says 3Vfr. Meigs, of tliese people be-
ing- capable of receiving1 the highest improve-
ment." Why should there be any doubt of it,
if we belive-the history of the Jesuits' success in
Paraguay? [ Columbian.
CITY OF WASHiNRTjoy, May ^ 1816.
1 have been here several weeks with a deputation
of Cherokee chiefs, on business of moment to their
naiion; they have sueceeded in their mission much
to their satisfaction, in settling the boiuulary lines
between them and the Creeks; this had become ne-
cessary to designate the lands acquired by Jackson's
treaty, so called.
la the year 1809 I had a census taken of the num-
ber of the Cheroke-e nation, which amounted to
12,357. The number of males and females were
nearly equal — they have considerably increased
since that period, so that including a colony of Che-
rokees that went to settle on the river Arkansas,
their number is about 14,500 souls — those who emi-
grated to Arkansas, as well as those on their an-
cient grounds, have made considerable advances in
acquiring the useful arts, particularly in the manu-
facture of cotton and woolen cloth. They raise the
cotton, and the indigo for dying their yarn; they
are good weavers, and have at this time upwards
of 500 looms: most of the looms are made by them-
selves; they have more than 500 ploughs — this
gi-eatly increased the tillage of their lands; they
have large stocks of black cattle and horses, swine
jind some sheep; they have domesticated poultry in
plenty: and having now an abundance of the neces-
saries of life, their population proportionably in-
.creases. By means of some schools, many of their
young people read and write. A great part of the
men have adopted OMV modes of dress; and the fe-
males without exception dress in the habits of the
white people. Some of them, who are wealthy, are
richly dressed. They are remarkably clean and
neat in their persons: this may be accounted for by
their universal practice of bathing in their numer-
ous transparent streams of water which in almost
every direction run through their country. M^n,
women and children prat ice bathing, which undoubt-
edly contributes to their health. All can swim, and
this is often of great, convenience, as no river can
impede their way in travelling1. When the females
bathe, they are never exposed: any improper con-
duct towards them would be held in detestation by
all. Since I have b«en first in that nation, a young
white .man solicited the hand of a young Cherokee
woman. She refused his offer, and objected, as a
principal reason, that he was not clean in his ap-
pearance; that he did not as the Cherokees do —
bathe himself in the rivers. Ablution with these
people was formerly u religious rite. It is not now
viewed by them in this light, but it is nearly allied
to a moral virtue. It is unfortunate for these peo-
ple that they should be held in contempt by people
who in no one respect are better than they, and have
no advantage of them except in the color of the
skin; and whether thb ought to be so considered,
fs problemaucal — for \ve hai*: seen savages with
white skins.
I'have not been an inattentive spectator in view-
ing these people in various situations; in their fo-
rests, in their houses, in their schools, and in their
THihllc eo\,:xcih. The 'progress oi' their children in
their schools has been as great as that of any other
children, in acquiring the knowledge of letters and
of figures.
Nature has given them the finest forms; and can
sve presume that God has withheld frtfm them cor-
respondent intellectual and mental powers of minds.
No man who has had public business to transact with
them, can have a doubt of the capacity of their minds.
Their hospitality in their houses is every where ac-
knowledged; their bravery in the field is also ac-
knowledged by those who acted with them in the
late w:ir against tiie hostile Creeks. It will be ac-
knowledged, that where hospitality and bravery re-
side, they are not solitary virtues.
Ought such a people to be considered as part of
the great family of man, or ought they to be consi-
dered as having had a distinct origin, and to have
been created on an inferior scale, incapable of every
valuable improvement? They have already been rais-
ed from a state of hunters to that of herdsmen and
cultivators of the soil. More than 50,000 of these
red people (so they call themselves) are living o;i
the south and east side of the Mississippi and Ohio
rivers. Heaven has placed these people under tlic
guardianship of the United States, with many mori
north and west of those rivers, not accidentally or
fortuitously. Heaven has actually phiced them
within the limits and jurisdiction of our govern-
ment. I presume it will never be a question of Cold
calculation with our government, whether we shall
avail ourselves of the value of the many thousands
of these human beings, and thereby add strength
to the republic; or by a vindictive policy consi^K
them to, and hasten their descent to, utter extinc-
tion.
I have lately seen a number of letters under the
signature of Americanus, published in the Demo-
cratic Press, Philadelphia. Americanus has descend-
ed from the high ground to which his signal urc
would seem to entitle him. It may be sport to the
writer, to aim bis deadly arrows at the verv existence
of a large- portion of the human race, just emerging
from barbarity to civilization. In some of the Indian
tribes, civilization is considerably advanced already,
some individuals of which tribes are very decent and
well informed; men whose minds and sentiments ave
too much renned to descend to language, used by
that writer, and illiberally applied to the Indian wo-
men without any qualification or discrimination :
'D;aggletailed, dirty, filthy, blanketted squaws."
What a tistue of vulgarity, rudeness, cruelty, and in-
ustictf ! Again — "You Can no more convert an Indian
nlo a civilized man, than you can convert a negro
nto a white man : the animal configuration and pro-
Densities are different." This last declamatory ob-
servation, though not quite so vulgar as the first,
is equally as void of credibility. That there are
•iome Indians who are well informed, and of decent,
handsome manners and deportment, is well known.
And as to animal configuration; if there is a dif-
ference, it will be found in favor of the Indians: and,
f a statuary should want models for the human
figure, he will find the most perfect amongst the
southern Indian tribes south of the Ohio river.
There is no occasion to go to Greece or Italy for
models for the sculptor; and if propensities have
any analogy to configuration, the Indian must have
the best.' Americanus is animated on the subject
of physiognomy. On this subject, facts are better
than declamation. About one half of the'Cherokec
nation are of mixed blood by intermarriages with
the white people. Many of these are as white as
any of our citizens. There ave some of the aboriginal
Cherokees who have never. Qsccl any parlicwlar care
NILES* WESKLY REGISTER— FOREIGN AWTICLES.
315
tt> guard their faces from the action of i.ie sun A iio
have good complexions. There is nothing- in nuture
yet discovered to give these people a distinctive,
intrinsically distinctive character, from the great
ch arac t e r of man.
If by dissection it can be proved that there is
rmy error, any defect in the nervous system, and
that the bruin receives no impressions except such
as are distorted and vicious and barbarous, then I
will acknowledge that the Indian may have propen-
sities different from the Europeans and their de-
scendants in this country, and that they are not en-
titled to the common character, which we in our
pride, accord to human nature.
I have frequently attended at the schools for the
Instruction of the Indian children — seen them by
classes go through their exercises. On these oc-
casions I have seen tears of joy steal down the
cheeks of benevolent men, men who rejoice at the
.Infusion of knowledge amongst those long-lost part
of the human race.
The Cherokee.-, universally believe in the being
of God; they call him the Great Spirit; they men-
tion him with reverence— with them, his attributes
are power and goodness. They never profane the
name of God in their own language. They have no
sixe of words that they can combine to profane the
name of God.
There is no doubt of these people being capable
of receiving the highest improvement. Shall we
consign some hundred thousands of these people
whom Providence has placed under our care to
eternal night and oblivion, without an effort to pre-
serve them! If Americanu:; could see these peo-
ple as I have done in the course o.f fifteen years, he
would not consider them as unworthy of cultivation
and in a few years of being blended and incorporat-
ed with us as a part of our rising empire: he would
say, these are our long-lost brothers — we will have
patience with them — when they go astray, we will
bring them back, and point out to them the road,
and show them the value of civilization: it will make
them happy, and will add to the strength of the re-
public.
I haye often compared them to the condition of a
foundling laid at the door of charity, on which, if
we turn our backs, he will perish; but if we take
liim in, he may one day help to defend the house.
I will not make any apology for'troubling you, be-
cause you once invited me to correspond1 with you
on the subject of Indian history. I have the honor
to be, with very great respect," your obedient ser-
vant, RETURN J. MEIGS.
Dr. S. L. MiTciiEf.1..
!'• S- — I set out to-morrow for the place of my re-
sidence in the Cherokee country. It. J. AT.
Foreign Articles.
"Fit*: ?>-cii SLAVES."— We have made the observa-
tion before, but the fact is so remarkable that it
may be useful to notice it again : before the French •
revolution it was the universal practice of the Eng-
lish to speak of and consider the French people as
slaves. "British freedom" and "French slavery" j
was the theme of the politician and the poet; ever!
calculated to excite applause and the chipping of
Jmnds in the fwrHanient or in the play-house.
How great, truly, have been the changes of tilings
to eradicate what may fairly be called the then
national feeling of Englishmen. A public prejudice is
only to be removed by a powerful operation of facts
jii IMC senses; especially, when it is the mt«j\^t or
business of those who are so situated as lead to the
public sentiment, to keep up that prejudice — and
there are tens of thousands of such, tax-gatherers
and priests, pensioners and placemen, in England.
Hut so it is — that Britons no longer hocst of their
freedom, or deprecate the slavery of the French!
The French, bv the revolution, became compara-
tively free; or the British, by checking the cours-.i
of France to freedom, lost their own. This change
of a national sentiment is an interesting political
epoch.
However, let the state of France have been what
it may, the people seem to be rapidly sliding back
to a condition that may give John Bull some cause
for exultation at his own lot when lie compares it,
as he is wont to do, with that of a Frenchman. At
least, he will have this pleasure — that his great.
rival is as bad oil' as he is; and "misery loves com-
pany."
One day's gleaning of the newspapers gives v.i
the following cases to shew how much France ha-;
gained, in freedom, by the "restoration" of 'her,
"legitimate" king :
1. The Jjnncaatrian schools about to lie intro-
duced into France are to be exclusively under th >
direction of Roman Catholics.
2. A merchant of Met/ has been sent to the for-
tress of Thoinville for having wil.ii him a iile of 12
numbers of a foreign gazette. It does not appeal-
that these papers contained any thing of u sedition?.
natrrc, the offence was in this, that they were not
printed under the inspection of the officers of Clic-
king of France !
3. The first detachment of the Swiss pegiirifetitg,
hired by the king of France to defend his person,
have arrived in France.
4. A nv.rn v;ith an eagle on the button of his coat,
was taken up at Remits, and severely punished by
fine an imprisonment.
5. Women and others are forbidden to wear ral
head dresses and bonnets, by a proclamation *
mayor of Agea.
6. An ordonnance is issued to prohibit the T.v
of apparel that has the three colors, red, bkt
tvhite.
7. A peasant, who had been a soldier, was observed
to have an old pair of spatterdashes buttoned witk
eagle buttons — he was immediately seized, but the
poor fellow, by leaving his horse a pri/e to the "le-
gitimates" made his escape — however, they hoped
to catch him !
8. The proprietor of a private house, having an
eagle over one of the chimney pieces at Lyons, v.'us
arrested and sent to prison.
9. A Paris paper, the ^L-ysn^er ties Cltambres was
suppressed by the government for g'iving a rumor
of some disturbances at Toulouse.
10. An order of the prefect of the department of
Pas-de-Calais (where the people nppear perfectly
quiet) allows a delay of 15 d iy*, for the purchasers
or concealers of arms and military effects, to make
a declaration and restitution of these objects.
We naturally cap these evidences of the despotism
that is reigning in France by the following ac-
count of a ridiculous, if not impious, religion^
mummery :
A Paris paper of 12th April says : — "The cere-
mony of the last supper being too painful for his
majesty, who would have been obliged to remain
too long standing, it was Monsieur who filled the
place of the king- iu this act of piety, practised by
our monarchs, from time immemorial, on holy
Thursday. Thirteen children of poor, but hones't
parents were admitted t> \\\-- Luiv)v
316 NINES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 6, 18L6.
the apostles. They were all in red tunics, and placed
on benches sufficiently raised to en:, Me the prince,
without stooping, to wash thei" feet, wipe them
and kiss them. Every child received from the hands
of Monsieur, a loaf, a small cruse of wine, thirteen
plates and thirteen five franc pieces. Tiie dukes
D'Angouleme and Berri performed the functions of
waiters, and brought the bread, the wine and the
meats. Jill the ceremonies tvere gone thrmigh -with u
piety and collectedness ivorthy the descendants of Si.
JLoitis ! i /"
The French papers gives us some meagre particu-
lars of the late disturbance at Grcnobk-. It is evi-
dent the affair was far more important than the go-
vernment is willing the people should believe it to
have been, from the rewards they have offered for
the apprehension of the insurgents and the pro-
ceedings of the king's officers. However, the rising
appears to have been completely suppressed, after
the loss of many lives. For a M. Didie'r they offer
a reward of 20,000 francs; several of the persons
taken have been condemned to death. The people
at large, are called upon 'nder pain of being- pro-
secuted as traitors, to <kihvr up an account for all
sorts of arms and ammunition in their possession.
A private letter received in Philadelphia front
Bordeaux, gives a report that, 200 of the "patriots"
were left dead on the field of battle, and that 1200,
taken prisoners, were put to death by a fusikule
\ ;thout trial.
It is stated that Jiernadotic, prince royal of Swe-
den, has ordered all estates in France to be sold.
Count Gneisenaux, [the right arm of Blucher]
commander in chief of the Prussian troops in France,
Jias demanded his dismissal from the king of Prus-
sia, but the king refused to grunt it.
Lieut, gen. Lefebre Desnouettes, no-v in Phila-
delphia, has been condemned in Paris for contuma-
cy, as well as for alleged crimes against his "legi-
timate sovereign."
The Algerines have given up nine French slaves
< o the French consul.
Letters from Lisbon mention that the Portuguese
Complain warmly of the breach of promise of whicl
i key consider prince to be guilty, in establishing his
court at the Brazils.
Accounts from St. Helmut say that Bonaparte is
employed, very industriously, 5;i writing a histon
of his own life. An American vessel from Indit
was recently boarded by a frigate off the island, anc
the boarding officer said that Napoleon, in gooc"
health, "was paying his addresses to one of the St
Helena ladies." He was probably "quizzing"
HfS holiness the Pope, has lately nominated 18
cardinals, 18 archbishops and a great number o
bishops; his holiness has made known that hi
reserved to himself the nomination of 10 more
cardinals, whenever he may think proper".
"When gen. Cambronne was lately tried in Franc
he complained as well as general Drouet, "of the
false proclamation^ which Bonaparte issued in thei
names."
President of the court. — You said you refused tin
rank of lieutenant general from Bonaparte -. \vha
was your motive ?
Prisoner. — "1 certainly thought I was capable n
commanding a division, but in an unfortunate affai
I reflected that 1 might be embarrassed. All th
world knows, that at the battle of Waterloo, th
person who commanded us (Bonaparte) lost, hi:
wits; and then I should have found myself actim
with old generals of brigade, who would have con
sidered themselves humbled by being commando
by one less experienced than themselves.
Ferdinand, of Spain, protests against the posses'
sion of Parma by \Taria Louisa, and has refused ar.
audience to prince Kaunitz, the Austrian ambassa-
dor at the court of Madrid; who was, in consequence,
expected to return home.
Wheiit has nearly doubled its price in England,
by the exports to France — the best are qu.iVi-'r.-s .:r<
from 92 to 100s. per quarter. In consequence of
this rise, there has been great mobs of 'he poorer
clases of the people in Suffolk and Norfolk, and at
Norwich and Thclford. In some cases 'hey had done
iiich mischief. It is reported that those places are
TC.:t agricultural districts, and that the wages, is
rom 6</. to 13J. a day per man, a sum inadequate to
be support of the laboring clsses. "It is (say the
>apers) in the absolute distress attending this want
'f means, these disturbances have originated." The
m'lit;>ry \vascalled out to suppress them.
Accounts from Sierra l,eone, received in London,
ay that several American vessels, under Spanish
;olors, wore engaged in the slave trade.
The general orders issued by order of the prince
•egcnt, contain *•' a decided expression of his roy-
il highness' very severe reprehension" of maj. gen.
iir Thomas "Wilson and captain Ilutchinson's con-
tuct, for being engaged' ip a measure [Lavalette's
escape] the- declared object of which was to coun-
teract the laws and defeat the public justice of
"ranee. It is u moderate reproof, and they are let
>if without the loss of their commissions. •
Late British papers state that numerous emigra-
ions are daily taking place from Great Britain to
he United States; and that many of the most use-
'ul and ingenious manufacturers in France, as well
is many of the most opulent families, are contem-
>lating to remove with their skill and capital to
Vmerica.
Two Buenos-Ayrcs privateers, one a corvette of
22 guns, were lately cruising oft' Cadiz, where they
Kid excited much dread, there being no ships of ivar
*eady to oppose them.
FMEXCH CHAMBER OF DKPVTIKS. Sittijig of the \7th
April. The discussion on the custom duties and
prohibited articles, being continued, the chamber
took into consideration the 6lst article of the plan
of law, winch enacted that —
"All spun, cotton, stuffs of cotton and wool, and
all other stuffs of foreign prohibited manufacture,
should be searched for and seized throughout the
whole extent of the kingdom; but in order to dis-
tinguish the goods manufactured in France, every
stul? of -the same nature with that prohibited, shall
jear a particular mark and r umber. The holders
of goods who cannot prove them to be of Frencli
origin, are authori/ed to give in a declaration of
the,m before the 1st or' July, and give security that
they will re-export them, before the first of Janua-
ry ,"l 8 17."
" This law gave rise to considerable discussion. —
It was reported by various members, ^authoriz-
ing domiciliary visits, and the most vexatious search
es ill private houses.
M. Cottin (of the Rhone) spoke against the rtb
solute prohibition of spun cotton. This, he said,
would prevent xis from manufacturing the finer mus-
lins. The greater part of the French spinners
could not go beyond 120, while the English spun to
a degree of fineness equal to 180 or 200.
M. Carnot d'lncourt thought the effect of thei aw
would be to permit the owners of immense entre-
pots to escape* while the retail trader, and even
private individuals would not escape.
M. Puymaurin— Notwithstanding the progress of
the GJi'flomzmt: v'c sho it«tekthe ru^t^m-
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— CHRONICLE.
317
ttouse laws of England. In that country the prohi-
bitive laws ure excessively severe; articles of mer-
ch; ndize are followed up from their entrance into
the country even to the boudoir of the kept mistress.
Muslins and lace in the piece, or even in wear, are
equally seized He told a story of a la'ly, to whom
it was remarked while on a journey, that she run
then, : of
stopped, because she wore a pair
of F.- , loves; on this she left her carriage,
and • , liced on foot along the road, lest not only
her gloves, but her carriage should be confiscated.
This deputy stated in his speech, that the Parisian
taiioi-s carried on a considerable trade in English
cloth,
or some considerable debate, the article was
tin >> put to the vole, und carried.
ROYAL KITCHEX. From the Southern Patriot. On
the Pom Royal a cannon was placed with an officer's
guard to command it. A French soldier observed
to the officer, that the situation of the cannon could
not at all command the passage of the bridg
know my business," replied the officer; "yonder is
the kitchen and if dinner be not served upon his
majesty's table at the exact hour, I know what to
do — I am placed here to frighten the cook."
It is a fact, (confirmatory of the above anecdote)
that the cxpences of the ten months first reign of
Louis; the XVIll, in the kitchen department alone, ex-
ceeded one entire year of Bonaparte's household
expences immediately after his marriage with Ma-
fia Louisa, when he resided at Fontainbleau — which
was, as regarded his private expenditure, the most
expensive year of his reign.
MARIA LOCISA. — According to a publication made
at Parma, the following is the title which the arch-
duchess Maria Louisa has adopted. — "Her majesty
the imperial princess archduchess of Austria, Ma-
ria Louisa, duchess of Parma, Placentia, and Guas-
tala
THE JEWS. Turin, March 12. — Under the reign
tof Bonaparte the Jews were admitted to the enjoy-
ment of all the privileges of the Christians; this
not being conformable to our ancient laws, which
are now re-established and are very severe, his ma
jesty has been graciously pleased to ordain —
1. The Jews shall be exempt from wearing the
badge ofdistinction required by the constitution.
2. The Jews shall not only be permitted to curry
on trade, but may follow any other profession.
3. The Jews shall not be permitted at night to
leave those districts of the city which have been
from this theatre of American chivalry. AYe can-
not help but believe that the officers of our little
squadron were really sorry that the dey was pleased
to observe the peace. Many of them have not had
an opportunity to distinguish themselves, and they
seem to sigh for it like a lover for his mistress. "We
ritend to bi;rn their fleet," says one — "we are pre-
paring to storm the batteries," says another — "I
have the good fortune to be selected as one to have
command of the boats," says a third — "we have higli
hopes of glory," says the fourth, "for the dry's
ships [vastly stronger in themselves than our squad-
ron] are defended by two hundred pieces of cannon,
the least of which is a double fortified twenty-four
pounder." "All hopes are destroyed," says he again,
— "the dey is astonished that we should have taken,
his conduct in such a serious light" — and thus say
all. They universally reprobate the arrangement
of lord Exmoitthy and speak in high terms of the
respect paid to our flag in these seas. Those who
landed in Algiers were treated with an attention
and regard never, perhaps, before shewn by the bar-
barians to Christians. All the curiosities of the
place were exhibited to them, and the gates of the
city were left open for the exclusive use of the Ame-
rican consul, at all times. Lord Exmouth went on
board his fleet before sun-set, expecting he would
be detained in the city all night, if he did not.
There is a spirit in our seamen which cannot be
too highly cherished — while wars exist among na-
tions.
The new French minister, M. Neuville, has ar-
rived at Washington, and was received by the se-
cretary of state, in the absence of the president.
The secretaries of the treasury and of the navy
have left Washington city, on a visit to their fa,
milies.
Pay master general* s office,
Wushington City, June 25, 1816.
INFORMATION is hereby given to claimants for
five years half pay, in addition to the notice issued
from this office, dated the 9th of May, 1816—
That by the first section of the law therein re-
ferred to, the -ioido-ii'3 of commissioned and non-
commissioned officers, musicians and privates of
the regular army, rangers, sea-fencibles, volunteers
and militia, excepting those of the regular army,,
who enlisted to serve for the periods of "five years"
and "during the war," are, in their ovm right, as
s, entitled to five years half pay; provided
sband "died while in the service "of the Uni-
allotted to them as their place of residence— but \ ted States during the late war, or in returning to
by 9 o'clock in the evening they must be in their I his place of residence after being mustered out o<
respective houses in said district. service, or who shall have died at any time there
^ 4. As a Jew cannot hold real estate, the term of after, in consequence of wounds received whilst in
live years is allowed them to dispose of any they j the service." Where there is no widow, or where
may have purchased under the hue government. ] she intermarries, the child or children, under 16
widows
the husband
MIMTAHY.— Among the brevet promotions an- years of age, are entitled to the said half pay pen-
nexed to the military Gazette of Saturday, is one sion.
giving the rank of major in the liritish army to the That by the 2nd section of the law of the I6/K
celebrated Indian chief Norton, by the style of John of April 1816, where all the children of non-cor
Norton, esq. otherwise Teyoninhokaniwen, captain j missioned officers, musicians and privates oft!
and Leader Of the Indians of the five nations. Major regular army, who enlisted for five years or durir
Norton is the son of a Scotchman, and was born in | the war, and who were "killed in* battle, or di<
North America, lie is a person of very considera-i of wounds or disease, while in the service of tl
ihty, mixing the information of the land of United States, during the late war," are under tl
his ancestors with the r.iturai acuteness of the land age of sixteen, they are entitled to five years ha
)tftis adoption— European intelligence with Indian pay, to commence "on the 17th day of Februar
vigour.
Mercury March 22.
CHRONICLE.
'•I'he Mediterranean — We are exceedingly amused,
and not a little pleased, with tue letter* receis-cd
year from the 16th of April, 1816, relinquished,
surrendered, and given up by their guardians.
K\ i ic-nce of guardianship, from under seal of the
proper authority, must be produced, and the guar>
318 NIXES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JULY £, isife.
dian, at the time of receiving each payment, mast gage to serve five years, unless farmer discharged.*1
shew that the child or children he living. 'j Qltalificationsnecessary for admission. — Each cadet.
ROBERT BRENT, previously to his being admitted a member of the
JJay-master general. (military academy, must be able to read distinctly
Office of Claims fur property lost, captured or dcmtroyed\and pronounce correctly; to write a fair legible
in the military service of 'the United States, [band, and to perform with facility and accuracy the
"
during the lute -amr.
AVASHJNGTOIT, June 24th 1816.
Kxplanatory supplemental rule.
In all cases comprised in the notice from this
office of the 3d instant, the following supplemental
regulation must be observed by every claimant, viz :
Whenever the evidence, on oath of any officer of
the lute army of the United States, shall be taken,
or the certiiicate of any officer, in service at the
time of giving it, shall be obtained, sach evidence
or such certificate must expressly state, whether
any certificate or other voucher, in relation to
the claim in question has been given, within the
.knowledge of such officer. The claimant must also
declare, on oath, that he has never received from
Various operations of the ground' rules of arithme-
tic, both simple and compound; of the rules of re-
duction; of single and compound proportion; and
also of vulgar and decimal fractions.
By order of the secretary of war,
D. PARKER, Adj. and Im-p. Gen.
OUH HELATIOJTS WITH SPA! jr.— Madrid, March 5.—
Our differences with the United States are about
assuming a serious character, in consequence of the
refusal of the American government, to restore pro-
visionally that part of Florida which is the subject
of our demand. It will be recollected that Bona-
parte, obtaining Louisiana by his partizans in the
then Spanish ministry, sold that vast province to the
United Slates for sixteen millions of dollars. Our
received, must state the cause of its non-production.
In every case the name of the officer furnishing such
certificate or voucher, together with its date as near
as can be ascertained, will also be required.
RICHARD BLAND LEE,
Commissioner of Claims, &c.
ADJUTANT AND. IxspEcxon-cKMiUAL's OFI-ICE,
June 17, 1816.
AttMY INFORMATION.
Promotions to fill vacancies which have occurred
since completing the organization on the 17th of
Way last:
lat regiment infantry. Second lieut. James Smith
to be 1st lieut. 10th June, 1816, vice N. Smith, re-
signed.
2d regiment infant!
First lieutenant James Bai-
ley, to be captain, 17th June, 1816, vice Spencer,
any person any such certificate or voucher, or, if present government does not mean to contest the
---'- — validity of that sale; but it desires to lose nothing
but Louisiana itself. The United States consider,
on the contrary, part of West Florida as being united
to the government of Louisiana, and following1 the
condition of the principal -province. Mr. Jeilerson,
the former president of the Unit estates, declared
that this difference should be the subject of a ne-
gociation; but Mr. Madison thought t'hat he could
negociate more advantageously after having taken
possession of the object in dispute. This usurpa-
tion metrvvith success during the troubles of Spain.
Now we reclaim the territory which belongs to us,
in the most amicable marSner. Instead of negociat-
ing, the American government declares it will keep
the territory. Here then is the commencement of
a rupture. It is doubtless very disagreeable to as to
see ourselves menaced with a war by the United
States, at a time when we have to combat the in-
Second lieut. John G. Munn, to be 1st lieut. 17th j surgents of Buenos Ayres and the Caracas. We
have no allies against the United States; we calcu-
late on the energy and justice of on*- cause.
New-Orleans. — We have accounts from this city
iof the 4th of June — the river had fallen five feet
.Tune, 1816, vice iJailey promoted.
7th regiment infantry. Captain John Nicks of the
8th infantry, to be major, 1st June, 1816, vice Ap-
Jjling resigned. — - - ,. _
St'i regiment infantry. First lieutenant Lewis B. 'and many persons had returned to the houses they
Willis, to be captain, 1st June, 1316, vice Nicks deserted. The apprehension existed that the city
promoied. would be unhealthy — a frequency of rains it is
Second lieut. Luther Hand to be first lieutenant, thought may prevent it.
1st June, 1816, vice Willis promoted. INDIANA. — The -convention for forming a constitu-
(J.'dnancc department. Second licutnant James :tion, &c. for Indiana, has met— Jonathan Jennings,
Hall, to be first iieut. 17lh M .y, 1816, vice Radoliil'j president. The convention, after considerable d*. -
declined. j bate, determined upon entering the Union as an in-
Third lieutenant Wm. F. Rigal, to IK- 2d lieut. dependent state, by a vote of 30 to 8.
;7th May, 1816, vie* Hall
I). PAUKKIl. adjt. inul 'insp. gen.
JLljutant and Inxp^clw General':; O^'/rc,
• 29, 1816.
GK.-XKHAI. oum:u?. — All cadets appointed before
4 he 1st of January, 181-L, who have not reported for
fluty and joined the military academy, are con-
.'•idered out of service. Such as have since been
appointed, and have not joined the academy and
:>cc:i found qualified, will repair to West. Point, in
the state of Nev/.York, on the 1st of October next,
when they will be examined for admission, con-
'torniahiy to the act of April 2fJ, 1812, \vhicJi pro-
vides, "that the candidates lor cadets be not under
the age of fourteen, nor above the age of twenty-
one years; that each cadet, previously to his ap
pointment by the president of the United States,
.shall be well versed in reading, writing and arith-
Mr. Iiwyevelt has given notice that he possessed
a patent right for the "vertical whimls" used for steam
(jf/atf;, and requires that a license for them should be
obtained of him."
Fire at Jialelffh.—Thc United States loss by the
late conflagration at Raleigh, is now said, "from an
official sourcgr," not to have exceeded the value of
.5000 dollars, instead of the sum heretofore slated.
Com. Jlfitcdonouffh. — The legislature of Delaware
has presented captain Macdonough an elegunt tea-
service of plate, with suitable devices and inscrip-
tions, together with an elegant sword, as a mark of
their high admiration of li-is gallamry in the battle,
of h.ke'champlain.
A monstrous assassin.' — Executed April 19j-in H:t-
vanna, a Spaniard, named Jtsss Florentine Jfarrtt,
aged 27. 1'ix^ i«n.is to his execution he confessed>
to ease his conscience, that he had been guilty of
i-. .... _...! .... *i, .. :_i ~.i „*•
metic, and that he shall sign articles with the con- j sEyr..\TKENT.MOftni:us, in Europe and on the island ot
sent of his parent or guardian, by v/hic4i hesball en- J Cuba, chiefly by t}ie ust of the siilcrta. Of "
BILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— CHRONICLE.
SI9
\vho fell by rfie assassin, was the French consul ut
Malaga; another the marquis de Lolano, in Cadiz; a
third', the commandant don Jose Heredia, also in
Cadiz; and a fourth, don Francisco Rodriguez, a jus-
tice of peace hi Havana; for \vhicli last he was exe-
cuted after having- his right hand cut oft' and naaktl
to the gate of the royal arsenal.
Sim8seiniffpants—A.l»lLe London paper states, that
400 emigrants left Switzerland on the 9th of April,
and proceeded down the Rhine to Holland,
they intended to embark for America. — They bring
with them, it is said, considerable property — suffi-
cient to establish themselves comfortably in this
country.
Crew of the Essex. A vessel arrived at New-
York last"week from South America, who had pas-
sengers — "Joshua Wipple, William Cole, (with the
loss of his leg) William Whitney (thigh broke and
wounded in the side) and Peter Coddington (wound-
ed in the head.) These men are the remainder of
the crew of the United States' frigate Essex, who
were wounded in the action \vitb tl>e British frigate
Phoebe and sloop of war Cherub, in the south seas
confine him in England (which Bonaparte had re.
quested.) Nothing was wanting but the consent
,f 11 if continental powers. The government of En-
gland was seeking this consent with no little ear-
nestness. There must he something brewing. Great
checks ami balances, are important political engines.
Let us wait the result, and not prematurely enter
into commercial speculations which may Jirambte
our operations.
LAKK tv.M.uKm-.E— The Niagara jo-irnal of the 18th
inst. has its "sA//» 7/eu-s" head like the papers on
the sea-board. If: notices the arrival at the port of
JIuJalo, of 1 brig, 3 schooners and 1 sloop, from
the ports of Detroit and Erie, with hemp, flour, Stc.
and the clearance of 3 other schooners and a boat,
laden with salt, dry-goods and groceries, &c. for
Erie, Pomfret, Cleveland, and Patterson's Creek, U.
Canada.
The same paper, under the head "Port of Lewis-
to-vn," from the "4th to the llth of June," notices
the arrival of the U. S. schr. Lady of the Lake, lieut.
Adams, from Sackett's Harbor— and of 4 merchant
schooners and 2 boats, from the ports of Oswego,
James JiurriU, jwi. (fed.) is elected a senator in Gennessee river, Sackett's harbor, and PultneyK'ille,
the congress of the United States for the state of laden with various sorts of merchandize, among
Rhode Island, for six years from the 4th of Mard
next, vice Jeremiah B. Howell, whose term of ser-
vice will then expire.
Four young natives of Oivhyhec, one of the
Sandwich islands in the Pacific ocean, and the
same where captain Cook was killed, are now
at Morris Academy, in Litchfield, Connecticut,
receiving an education to fit them for religi-
ous missionaries to their native country. Two of
them, at the ages of 16 and 14 years, came to this
country ten years ago; a third arrived six years sine*,
and another has since joined them. One of them lias
had the benefii of instruction at the theological in-
stitution in Andover; and he is now employed in
translating a part of the New-Testament into the
Owhyhee language, and by his aid also an Owhyhee
grammar has been formed.
The 5th regiment — Baltimore. The "United Vo-
lunteers," attached to the 5th regiment, Maryland
militia, for the fourth of July, presented to the com-
mittee of vigilance and safety, the sum of cue thou-
vand dollars to assist in erecting the LATTLE MOXU-
building in Baltimore.
'
Sundry cotmte'rfeiters of bank notes have lately
found 10 or 15 years honest employment in the peni-
tentiaries of the several states. If their morals be
not corrected, they will, at least, be "kept out of
harm's wav."
Cols. Brooks and Jones, of the army, and captains
Nicholls and Carter, of the navy, partook of a pub-
lic dinner, given at the Bcil tavern in Jtichinund,
on Monday the 24th ult. 1 lie citizens and their
guests appear to have been mutually pleased with
each other.
The steam boat Enterprise arrived at Charleston
from SavuQiiah, on the 2-nl inst. She came through
the inland passage, and was only 31 hours under
way bet\. ecu the two places. Being the first boat
ever seen at Charleston, she excited great curiosity
and admiration. Ten yeaivs hence, such a boat will
be no rarity any where in the United States— where
tiiere is water to float one.
A newspaper is publishing at Erie, Pa. called the
"(-••niu3 of the Lakes."
ihip yard, nt Black-Rock, on Tuesday last,
vessel is owned by Messrs. Grosvcnors £c
among
which is mentioned "factory cotton."
The same paper contains the following paragraph;
Launch — The schooner Enir., of about 100 tons bur
then, built by captain A. Stanarcl, was launched
from the
This fine
Heacock and W. Miller, of this village.
CC/Our country along the Canada frontier, is ad-
vancing in population and prosperity as rapidly as
any other part of the union. All is life and activity,
bustle and business. The ancient forests resound
with the stroke of the axe, and the lands are
rapidly cleared, while beautiful villages, and
large manufacturing establishments rise up in
places which yesterday were just as nature made
them! It is ever with great- feeling that the
editor delights to notice the progress of his coun-
try to the fulness of hej strength, and he believes
that articles on such subjects are quite as import-
ant to his readers, as descriptions of "Miss Char-
lotte A. GuelphV petticoats to the people of
England and their copyists in the United State,.
Ax AI.ICATOU. — J.iniifiertw, J\\ C. June 13. — On
Friday afternoon, the 7th inst, Mrs. Anna U.itley was
riding across, the gun swamp, (about 12 miles from
this place) where the water was but little more
than knee deep; the beast on which she rode w;.s
attacked by an aligator, and, in the 'struggle, Mrs,
Itatley was thrown, and the mointiil she fell '«\\o
monster seized, bit and mangled her most horribly,
of which wounds she died on Mondav evening last.
Her husband and brother \\ere near at hand and
ran to her assistance, and, in rescuing the woman,
one of the men received a blow from the aligaloT
without sustaining much injury, and afier shooting
seven or eight times, they .succeeded in killing hill.?
he measured eleven fset in length.
Q^rThe preceding case is not more shocking-
than it is extraordinary. Vv'cdonot recollect ever
to have heard of its like.
FJIOM SOUTH AMKUICA. We have the following
from the Baltimore coffee-house books:
Capt.' Stafford, who arrived here yesterday in the
Coquette, from St. Jago, states 'that the frigate-
Macedonian, captain Wavrington, MTivcd at Santa
A New- York paper gives us the following article, J
and calls it "iiupurtani:" — It was the beginning* of Martha on the 28th of May, with Christopher Ifugheii,
last mouth, whispered in the minis-tc-rial circle's ofijun. esq. on board, as commissioner from theAmc-
England, that arrangements were progressing to j rican government to the Spanish general Morillo.
buck from S1 Hekna, «md [He aguiiusailcdon^thepOthfor CRrthag-ena* v ps
320 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JULY G, 1816.
Cooper, of Baltimore, and Stanley, of New-Orleans,
prisoners, got away in the Macedonian. C:>pt. Eas-
ton, of the schooner CHarles Stewart, of New-Or-
leans, who had been a prisoner eight mont 'is, iTiade
his escape, taking1 the sentinel along with him. —
Five other Americans remain at Santa Martha yet,
as prisoners.
Santa Fe surrendered to the royalists on the 6th
of May. Morillo was repulsed three times, and
had lost most of his army, particularly his officers.
From accounts at Santa Martha, Bolivar is making
great progress against the royalists. The island
of Margaritta and Cumana had surrendered to him,
and he was making way to Caracas, and supposed
thence to cross the country to the river Magdalena.
[We remain sceptical as to the report of the cap-
ture of Santa Fe — the capital of Granada.]
BOLIVAR'S EXPEDITION.
We are happy to believe, front several corres-
ponding accounts, that the expedition under general
-Bolivar has so far most happily succeeded. We
learn that lie has captured Barcelona and Laguira
and taken the Spanish fleet in Cumana bay. That
he was joined by 3000 Spaniards and had liberated
the slaves. His force is now strong enough, we trust,
to effect the ulterior object of his expedition — the
annihilation of the forces under Morillo and re-
capture of Carthagena. We trust that the reign of
the Spanish butchers over the rich provinces of Ve-
nezuela and Granada is nearly at an end.
(Xj'l'revious to Jiolirar's descent ou the main, he
landed at Margarita, as has been mentioned — here,
it is said, he captured 13 Spanish vessels, which ap-
pear to have been armed, and got a booty from them
of 200,000 doiliu-s in specie. It is also stated that
>e hung and shot 7 or 800 of the royalists he found
' i the island. If such slaughter can be just, this act
was a just one; for they had lately butchered many
of the men, women and children of Margaritta —
some say the half of the people it contained were de-
stroyed by them; and at Carthagenahow great was
lie destruction by the "legitimates!"
The following, copied from a Jamaica paper, is
very interesting:
Extract of a letter from an officer in Jlloi illo* s army,
to his friend in Carthagena, dated Jllompox, April
22, 1816.
"By my letters you will allow that I am a friend
•> the cause ©f independence, and you ought to be-
..ieve I am one who is against sanguinary measures,
*nd particularly those horrors which have been
Committed here lately by Moralles, namely, on the
7th December, 356 souls, found in Boco Chica,
vere put to the sword on entering. I have to lament,
resides, the execution of Toledo, Castillo, Granados,
Angu iano, Stewart, &,c. and to assure you that the
•"hiefs in Carthagena. had good cause to dread the
prevailing sentiments of the people, and all of us
remembered the 2d of May at Cadiz, as a presage
of what was about to follow, the more so as the
sentence was contrary to the opinion of the vice-
roy's assessor. Besides these already mentioned,
250 more victims, which they d:; red not execute in
Carthayena, were carried into the interior and
there shot. The two Currav.inas from the Caracas
were escorted by * * * *. Fernando died on the
river, but Miguel was sent and shot at Ocrana to
glut the eyes of the tyrant Moralles, From these
our conquest of the country is now admitted by us
all as uncertain, but in my mind we shall never suc-
ceed without large reinforcements. Four vnonvhs
siege of Carthagena gave ample time to organize
the troops, and the excellent system adopted by
t!ie congress, tOjj<*thor with the spirit generally in-
fused by the heroic resistance of Carthagena, pis
produced a determination to die or conquer : Thi.4
is now well understood. The passes and defiles
which divide the Cordilleros and the province of.
Santa Martha are defended by grand picquetu of
the independent armies, under Undenetta, who is
most active in his duty, and most successful in his
plans; he seems amply provided with arms, ammu-
nition and money. The Augustura de Carare on the;
Magdalene is fortified, and defended by a battalion
of Antinquians, and by the military of Nare, Honda
and Marequita; the passes of Antioquia by Z;ira-
£oso, port of Spiruto Santo on Cauca, Remedies
Llolombo, &c. are impenetrable almost to na'ure,
besides the w.mt of water, cattle, Korses to conduct
the aininu iti >n, in a country where you may ride
twenty dv> . before you meet a village or even :i
hut, occasioned bv the politic measures of the go-
vernment of Antioquia desolating the country.—
Thanks to the sagacity of our viceroy in giving the
command of our vanguard to such a sanguinary vil-
lain us Moralles.
"Our forces under Calzada have made no pro-
gress, and moreover by their sufferings from the
picquet of the enemy, we begin to think they have
been ultimately defeated between Jiron and Pie de
la Cuesta. Besides the battalion which composed
the independents' army of Antioquia, the enemy
have ultimately formed another army, which has
been reinforced by 2500 men received from Popa-
yan, under the command of one called Caval."
Extract of a latter from a gentleman at Ne-w-Qrleau
dated, May 27.
"Livingston's important suit, respecting the mo-
nopoly of steam-bouts, has been decided against
him by the district court of this state, on the plea
that the legislature of this then territory exceeded
their power in granting an exclusive privilege tc
Livingston, within her supposed waters."
East, or Lost Greenland.
From the Commercial Courant. of June 25.
This is known to have been once a flourishing en ;
ny; but for the space of three centuries past no
tige of the county has been found, though grea"
search has been m ule for it. The London Quar-
terly Review has the following remark upon it:—
"The loss of this colony is one of the most singular
events in huir.;in history; their loss it may be lit<:
rally called; for, to use the words which Monti;-*-
mery has so well app1. .< '1 10 a different occasion,
"This sole memorial of their lot
llemaim; t'uy were — and they are not."
The last authentic .. < §nts of their existence ar-v
towards the close of the fourteenth century. Thu
pestilence which, under tlxe name of Black Death,
devasted Europe in the middle of that century, i&
supposed to have reached lliis remotest region of
the north. In Iceland two-thirds of the populati-,,.
were cut oft' bv it; it i.s therefore scarcely to be ima -
gined that their neighbors should have escaped th;'
same dreadful visitation, especially as, unlike other
pestilences, the farther north it proceeded the more
destructively it raged. But the room made by sucli
ravages would soon have been filled up, and there
is reason to attribute the loss of East Greenland to
a more permanent evil. During t'he winter of 1348,
the whole of the coast of Iceland was frozen, so that
a horseman might have ridden from cape to cape,
round the island. Such a circumstance never oc-
curred before since the country was discovered,
and it seems probable that in this winter vhe accu-
mulation of ice began, which has blocked itp the coas
of Eft3t Greenland-
WEMRLY
Xo. 20 o? VOL. X.]
BALTIMORE, SA'I" ll'JAY, JULY 13, 1816.
j. 254.
//at o/im meminisse juvalrit. — VIRGIL.
PUT NT?;D AND
PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT THK HEAD OF CHEAPSIDE, AT §5 PEH ANNUM.
'1 he National Jubilee
Has been observed in all parts of our country
with increased "freedom, fervency and zeal."
IJlessed be the memory of the departed, honored
oe those that remain, of the illustrious men who,
in obedience to the will of G6D, raised up the
standard of "rebellion" — who, despising from their
Inmost soul the doctrine of slaves and monks, and
indignant at tyranny, burst the bands of "legitima-
cy," declaring before high heaven and the world
\ hat they "owed no allegiance to the king of Great
Britain," and that these states "were, and of right
ought to be, free, sovereign, and independent." —
Thanks to the "DIVINE PROVIDENCE" they relied
ipon, ftjr the strength so bountifully afforded them
u> sign the great contract for a nation's birth or their
own death« Thanks to the courage and skill — the
fortitude and constancy, of all who supported the
"star .spangled" flag of the new republic, through
the long and arduous, but glorious struggle. Glory
to the God of battles, that the fourth of July seven
teen Imndred^and seventy six, affords an epoch in the
history of man, to winch the friend of freedom, in
every age and every climate, shall point as fixing
and establishing the principle, that "all men are
born free and equal, and endowed by their creator
with certain natural and unalienable rights," sucl
•as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness,"
and that, for a nation to be free it needs only the
will to be so. But how strange is it, that they wh(
decreed the liberty of millions, and shall live im
mortal in history, should be libelled by so many o
their immediate lescendants, contend ing that fools
are appointed of GOD to rule and govern the earth
irresponsible to and unchangable by the governed
and denouncing all opposition to their decree;
as violations of the Divine law! There is something
ineffably mean, contracted and hypocritical, in pro
fessing to love ''the authors of the American revo
iution, while we speak of the "rights of kings," a
founded on any thing else than the consent of th
people.
Every return of this anniversary funs the flame o
freedom. When the loud cannons announce the
dawning day, the heart is electriiied with "a sparl
from the altar of seventy six," and we renew ou
vows of constancy and love to the REPUBLIC. Long
as the fountains of the Mississippi roll their water
to the ocean, long as the AUeganies tower toward
Leaven, may this day be hallowed! — Though luxury
should corrupt, and despotism reign through th
land, and every vestige of the present constitutio.
and form of government be destroyed, still shal
the observance of this day make the hearts of ma
ny glow with generous sentiment. The story o
the good man told to his son, and repeated througl
unnumbered generations, a beloved tradition, shal
raise up some self-devoted Warrens, some com
manding Wasldngtons, some sagacious Franklins
some daring Waynes, some incorruptible Reids, t<
carry terror and discomfiture into the ranks of som
new tyrant, and regain for themselves— for m
country and for my posterity, the blessings 1 feel i
my freedom.
The citizen who loves, as he ought, the liberty o
his country, has many new and, additional reason
VOL. X.
> cleave to the CONSTITUTION th.-t secure.-; his
ghts. The very name of freedom, civil or religi-
'is, is scouted from the old world, and the tor-
ents of blood that flowed through revolution have
nly went to seal and cement the despotism of
ings. The "day star of liberty" that "rose over
ic vine covered hills of France," has set in night
—the iron age of tyranny is "restored," and man
ought and sold and bartered like a brute, has lost
ic 'dignity of his nature. The pride of his station
'solus in freedom} leagues with reason and justice,
he laws of GOD and of humanity, to cause the in-
ependent American to resolve and determine, never
o acknowledge as legitimate power an authority
nderived from himself, as a purt of the national
ociety. AMEN.
G3*On publishing Mr. Binns' proposals, last week,
or a splendid edition of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, a paragraph was omitted, stating, that
he editor of the Weekly Register, zealous for the
uccessof the happy undertaking, would gladly re-
:eive subscriptions' for it, and forward them with
care to Mr. Binns The proposed publication most
excellently unites the useful with the pleasing —
)atriotisrn with ornament; and while it must im-
)lant in our children a set of principles that cannot
e too much approved, it may also serve to em-
ellish our houses, and descend, like a rich legacy,
"rom father to son.
Ruse de Guerre.
The following, first published in a Philadelphia
japer, is very extensively circulated through tli-e
[Jnited States, conspicuously addressed "TO TIIK
WOOL GROWERS OF AMERICA:"
Sales of one bag of wool, received per Superior, Hil-
milton, from Philadelphia:
1816.
3 mo. 15th. By .lohn Jowitt Sc Son.
One bag containing 20llbs. common wool,
a lid. £9 4 a
62 Ibs. merino wool, a 3s. 9 6 <J
St'g £18 10 3
Charges at Liverpool — freight, commis-
sion, &.c. 3 11 11
Kett proceeds, St*g £14 18 4
(Errors excepted.)
(Signed) CROPPER, BENSON & Co.
.Liverpool, 5 mo. 2</, 1816."
Extract of a letter accompanying the above account
of stiles:
"Common wool was in a very marketable state,
being well washed, and very much of one quality.
Merino, although washed about as well as such kind
of fine English wools generally are in this country,
fulls far short of being as light and ciear as Spanish
wool generally is. Course wool is now at so high a
price, that there is more probability of its being
lower than higher another year, it being very much
above an average price — on the other hand, fine
wool is exceedingly low at present; it has been for
twelve or eighteen months declining in price, and
still continues to fall "
P. §. — The above wool cost in Philadelphia, 2~<I
VV
S22
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JULY 13, 181&
September, 1815, one hundred and eighteen dollars
and sewiiiy-five cents.
TlEMAilKS II V TIIE EDITOR OF THE TIERTSTKH.
"Vi ver was there an article more purely of British
'.•itini(f<ic;i:r-e than tins. The facts stated are proba-
bly true; Iha.ve.no part jcular reason to believe to
the contrary — but there is a. method and a manner in
the thing1 that, to use a vulgar saying, "shews its
cloven foot." The address, "to the -wool growers of
•',-«," gives us the character of the publisher.
The phrase "woo! Brewers" does not belong to the
i-onnnnn language of our countrymen, for the breed-
ing- of sheep is yet but a small part of the general
business of \\\e farmer; and an .American, address-
ing it to his fellow citizens, would rather have said &/
:r:uted Suites, than "of America." When an
• 'hnn-ai speaks of Canada, Nova Scotia, the West
is or South America, heal \vays designates them
!»y their proper name — but when he uses the word
"America" or "American market," he is always
considered us alluding to the United States in par-
LT. Thc-s,' remarks will strike every one wivh
fnrce v.'ho is accustomed to the nuumci- qf the il.ithli
intis, uniformly exhibited in their circular let-
ters,3cc. and { have no more doubt tiiat we are indebt-
ed to the generosity of a cK-ak.T in Knghsh wool or
woolens for the information this article con tains, than
'hat we had to thank one of Mr. Jcteksori'a suit, or
'Mr. J;tc !<•»'.'; 1 1 himself, for a vindicatory paragraph
.•which appeared in a certain .Baltimore newspaper,
(published as editorial^) in which he, Mr. Jackson,
the discarded of our government, was called "oun
minister." These observations may have their use
i"i assisting us to determine the object. It may be,
indeed, that a native Jlmerican g'ave it to the world;
i'or there are some that so closely follow the lead of
the English, that it is impossible to tell "who is who"
v.'ithout a certificate of the place of their birth. But
Ihese, to all intents and purpose*, are the same, and
should be treated alike.
Jt is known to every body, that flour which r-ost
c'i;>'ht or nine dollars in the United States, has been
sold,, and in large quantities, in the West Indies, for
from live to six dollars per barrel. Now if anyone
liad addressed the intelligence of this to the farmers
of . 'Interica, with a view to prevent the raising of
wheat, we all should have laughed at it — for it
immediately belonged to the merchant. But wherein
is the essential difference? There is none in the na-
ture of the tiling itself, but much in its application:
the breeding of sheep, extensively, is a new business
with us, and the people may be more easily diverted
i'rom it than from raising grain.
If I could believe that this account of sales gave
i is a fair specimen of what we have to expect in fo-
reign markets, I should immediately abandon a fond
hope I have indulged, of living to see the surji.'itx
v-ool of the United States become a great staple for
export. But I cannot believe it — the facts given
jtiay be true; but it is just as easy to deceive a man
in the words of truth, as in the words of falsehood.
Thus it wns, all will recollect, that in a great com-
mercial town of the United States, the government
stocks were quoted at, and in small quantities actu-
ally sold for, the most beggarly prices, during the
war, to depress t':e -national credit. This was a part of
a st'stem that had for its object the disgrace and hu-
mmntion of our country. If such a thing was done
by men of our own flesh and blood,afiectedly proud of
th< independence of the United States, and pre. end-
ing; to vener.'ite our constitution — what may we not
ex; <ect Qfforc£gnei*8t having u greater interest at strike
•'.hr.;> it was possible that those could have had?— •
ing carefully a^ the subject, and taking- a view
of the whole ground, as far as I can— the opinion iV
fully impressed on my mind, that the killing off of
the sheep in the United States, would be of infinitely-
more benefit to England, at this time, than was the
killing offof the French at Mount St. John.— and fur-
ther, that it would as effectually subject us to'her
as that victory subjected France to Casllereagh and
Wellington* This may appear a bold figure to som<"r
at the first glance: but if they will consider a mo-
mentythey will change their mind abouc u.
It is notorious, that immediately after the close
of the revolutionary Avar, great sums of money were
expended 'to destroy our flocks of sheep and ruin
our rising manufactories. They bought up and ini-
/ mediately slaughtered great numbers of that usef-il
animal, and spared no expence to se.id "home" lhc
few artists that had straggled hither, with their
machines and implements of trade. These thino-.t
are just as well known and established as Ihstt—tfZy
are doing the same tilings no~o. I ,im perfectly assur-
ed, that in one vessel there went from Die United
St.les, ;o England, between ten :ind twenty manu-
facturers (natives of that country) passage free, and
with handsome bounties — and I "am quite 'satisfied,
that a very extensive business has been done in this
way. The object is two-fold—first, to deprive us
of foreign aids in our manufactories; and, secondly,
to check future emigrations — for those who return
will have to give some reason, true or false, for com-
ing back— and, certainly, will not give the trite one.
They will belie the country, rather than confess
their own debasement in selling themselves. This
procedure is the safest and most certain that the
British can adopt to keep their starving manufac-
turers at home. We would welcome their talents
and industry, which are yet much wanted in manv
of the woolen and cotton branches, &c. but, happily,
we have native artists that will rival the best of them*
in all the essential parts, with a little more practice,
and we can do without them.
The existing stale of the world, as to trade and
commerce, makes the present period particularly
interesting; to Great Britain, that our manufacto"-
. ies should be destroyed— to ourselves, that they
should be vigorously carried on. It is evident that
Europe, at peace, has already a most powerful effect
upon those which were the chief trading nations of
the world — especially on ourselves and the British.
Never were the hopes of dealing men more com-
pletely blasted than those indulged by many as to
what would follow the downfal of Bonaparte. He
is now chained to the rock of Si. Helena, and Europe
"reposes" in despotism — but where is that revival
of commerce — that extensive and extending busi-
ness — that prosperity of trade, which the merchants
of Great Britain and of the United States anticipat-
ed? "Going, going, gone!" Those who entertained
these notions would laugh at the folly of them, if
"But it is no joking
rld in which English
suffering would admit of it.
matter." Every part of the world in which
goods are received, is stuffed with them. They are
a drug even" where. The currency given to money
by the late belligerency of so many nations, in the
mighty expcnces incidental to that state, having
ceased, money has become "scarce," and all nations
are compelled to retire upon their own resources —
and supply their own wants, or suffer. Business is
dull every where. But C ire tit Britain and the United
States feel this duiness more than other nations,
from having had vastly more than their share of
the commerce of all.
To speak of home — there are very few respecta-
ble importers of British goods in the UnitectStates
who have not received much greater quantities oi
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— RUSE BE GUERRE.
them than they directed to be sent out — and vast
and valuable cargoes have been, besides, forwarded
"to order," or for sate. These things never hap-
1 10 any thing- like the same extent before.—
Tens of thousands of dollars worth are daily sacri-
ficed under the auctioneer's hammer, and yet the
stock is undiminishe.l. The ware-houses of the
importers, and the shelves of the retail dealers,
groan with the weight of such goods. Many in-
voices have sold atthe/»o?/.«</ currency for the. pound
•s terlin!*; the duties, freighi, difference of exchange,
and all other changes, foiling upon the first owner;
and some of heavy amounts for even less than this
Though I am very sensible that the British exceed-
ingly want a vent for their goods, I do not feel quite
su.-e t'.iar these mighty sacrifices have been made for
th e mere j£>Mr/>os<? of getting them oft' — it may be apart
of the system to affect, if not to destroy, our manu-
facto:'ie.s. So far as regards the large establish-
ments adjacent to he Atlantic, the. success has been
compile ; for v..e greater part of them have
altogether shopped — or are only kept \:p, as it were,
a L'-erNt -for future business. We allude to those for
the manufacture of cotton and wool ; many other
important branches are going on with, as much acti-
vity and force as ever. This sounds "large,-" but
those, though very interesting, are as a drop in the
bucket compared with the establishments in the
interior, and these of a household character, yet un-
touched, and intactable.. The marshals' returns for
1810 gave us 325,392 looms in all the United States,
— these returns are known to every one to have
been very defective ; and the real amount in that
year was not less than 400,000. How much was
the quantity increased by tiie war ! I believe it
\vas. doubled, at least; but, certainly, we shall be
v-ithin the range of probability if we put the present
number of looms at 600,000, and say that not ;
fiftieth, perhaps, not a hundredth part of these was,
«r is, attached to manufacturing establishments. —
They belong to private persons and are used in pri-
vate families, either to do the work of the neigh-
borhood, or of the family. This will appear verv
reasonable, when we see" that of the 325,692 loom's
reported, North Carolina possessed 40,978, and had
in the whole only 1 42J spindles for wool or cotton
— but there were 128,484 spinning iohee.ls. Now, ]
do not believe that all the manufacturing establish
meiits in the United States, affected by the influx
of British goods, gave employment to one fourth o
the number of looms at this time at work 'in North
Carolina, only — a single state, by no means the
most remarkable for domestic manufactures. Pra\
think of this; and observe, how easily a sound mav
lead us from the substance. •
Notwithstanding the check that our greater works
for the manufacture of cotton and woolen goods
have received, we see that it is the household labors
which must, and Wtf, regulate the importation o
foreign goods, and bring all things to their proper
level. It is impossible that these can be materially
affected by all the power and arts of the enemy—
tor their actual value cannot, be worth less than ont
hundred & twenty milKviu ofdoUars a year— an amount
too enormous to be attacked. The vexations of
our trade and the subsequent war, chiefly originat-
ed, or at least established, them as a part of our pural
conorny, and they have become as much a business
States. Time is employed which was heretofore
uselessly wasted j and its employment, besides its
>eing a clear gain, gives a home market — a market
i the family, for numy valuable products of agri-
culture which would be neglected or lost to 'the
community, without it. Ten years ago, the hours
ost in the country, BY WAITING FOR BKO TIME in long
vinter evening's, were equal to the time necessary
:o make the essential articles to clothe the peo-
ple. This important secret has been lUscnvsrcd.—-
There is nothing in it detrimental to the health and
lappiness of individuals, and it cannot grow ont of
ise, but by a progress in luxury beyond any thing
nkely to happen, until we are many times as popu-
i'ws as we now are. It is true, that the inhabitant?
)f our large cities and towns, and those in their
immediate neighborhoods, have went on to a degree-
of extravagance in dress and in living, generally,
tiiat a man would have been thought crazy to lun'e
predicted forty years ago. A \ crv respectable
old gentleman told me two or three years since,
that if his father, when he started in the world,
>.ad given him the money which he had just paid
for a suit of clothes, he should have thought him-
self "a very suit' fellow," — possessed of a aufficiehoy
to begin a pretty extensive business with ! It. is this
that, so far, has mainly supported our dealers in
British dry goods, together with the exhaust**]
state of our stores, by the war : but it. cannot reacu
the body of the people — the farmer must he a rnacl-
man that will plough his fields or fodder his
in a coat worth 30 or 40 dollars,
fact, that four fifths of all the laboring classes
the country are generally clothed wholly in domes-
tic manufactures. Hence the depression "of the sales
of Uri ish goods, and the continued fulness of the
shelves of the shop keepers.
It is the true policy of every nation and every fa-
mily, to consume at home, by some change of its
quality, any excess
may have 'of an article
'-h the female part of a family, as the raising of shew the difference of e.
;nn, tobacco, cotton, &c. is o£ the male part. It farm in England and in
vas a hard
matter to introduce the habit, but it
will be far more difficult to abandon it, the profit ....
oemg so manifest to our farmers and planters, j 1200
" great majority of the people of. the Unite -
which they cannot sell or exchang-e to a prrvfit.
This is self-evident. In the days of our greatest
commercial prosperity, when the United States
seemed the granary of half the world, all the bread
stuffs we exported did not pay for \.\\e foreign Ht/U'n-s
we consumed ! — and the quantity now used to make
koine drinks is about three times as great as \ve ever
exported! These are important facts to the po-
litical economist, and will surprize many persons—-
but they are true.
To return a few minutes to the article with which
we started and conclude this long, but, I hope, not
uninteresting essay The com/nan wont, ii appear.-,
was sold at 11<7. or about 21 cents, per U>. Jf tins'
was a fair price for it, and it seems to have been
quite in a merchantable state, what must have been
the condition of the "wool growers" of England at
that time ? It may be well briefly to examine this
question. We shall do it with an earnest desire
to arrive at the truth, according to the light and
knowledge afforded. The. subject is highly inte-
resting.
I am not sufficiently acquainted with the quanti-
ty of labor required to manage a good farm o-f 250
acres, appropriated to the breeding of sheep, nor of
the amount of wool and lambs it would furnish, to
.speak of them with a tolerable degree of accuracy;
nor is it necessary to the exhibit! mean to make to
e.rpenc.' attached to such a
the United States. 1 sup*
t(K».t a sheep-farm of this size, managed by
men, may maintain 300 sheep, producing
Ibs. of wool iuxd 300 laaabs^ pey wmiim, in
country,
324 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTElU-SAttfftDAY, JULY IS,- 1816.
Kn;ff.'.-;!i farm vf 250 acres — annual charge.
4 men at lO.-f . $44 40 per annum, $177 6
* Poor tax— £87 5 387 2
'Property tux— .£43 17 6, - - - 194 9
* Assessed tax on horses, &c. £15 10, 68 6
Tythes— nnc t?;ith of the produce • -852
Cost of the farm
943 6
1200 Ibs. wool at 11 d. 21 cents, £$252 0
30u lambs or sheep annually sold, at
2 dollars, - . - - - 600 0
«.o*o ™
$852 )
And the farmer would lose
61 6(
il-nierican farm of 250 acres— •; annual charge.
4 men at 120 dollars per annum • • §480 00
Poor tax — in many states as nothing; on
the average fort lie U. S. say - - - 5 00
Property tax — say U. S. direct tax - - 12.50
A -sessed tr<x — none
Tvthes — none
Cost of the farm
497 50
' 1200 Ibs. of wool at 21 cents $252
Suppose it shipped to England
and deduct for freight, com-
missions, &c. one sixth — 42 — g>210 00
300 lambs or sheep sold at g2 600 00
810 00
And the farmer would gain §313 50
This is to show the different circumstances un-
der which the farmers or wool gro \vcrs, of the two
c.ounvries, may bring their products tog-ether in the
\h market. By better cultivation and manage-
ment, it is expected that, at present, a British farm,
of a given extent, may support more sheep than a
like farm in our country, as well as produce more
wool — the meat, also, commanding a better price;
but all these cannot make up the great difference
of cxpence arising from the difference in the taxes
!xc. As in each country there are county rates foi
ro.i.ds, Sec. I have said nothing about them in eithei
aiid some of the states have state tuxes — but, on an
average for all the states, (many of them having
no suc.h tax at all) they are too light materially to
aif'ect the retiuit — and certainly cannot equal' the
nxtra anvmnt of the "charges at Liverpool," given
us, which are rather more than one s/.r/A of the va-
lue ofthe commodity. — This is "very like a whale."
To conclude — the calculations which many of us
have made as to the profits of raising sheep, may
have been exceedingly exaggerated — but this is a
plain mattes- of fact, \hat we can grow wool and
carry it to Liverpool for sale, for much less than the
Tjritish farmer can bring it to the same market. —
The cu'lru taxes which the latter lias to pay, is a
profit for the former. The stoppage of our large
manufacturing establishments which (as was ob-
served of foreign trade, noticed in our last paper)
t^ave a Htinruhts to the demand, though the quantity
*These items are taken from what is given to us
at; tlie amount actually paid on a certain farm of 251)
acres in England. We have no reason to believe
tb,ey lire over-charged.
consumed by them was comparatively of little ac-
count, lias made wool a drug in the market. But
it cannot remain so— a small degree of patience and
firmness will rescue it from its present condition/
and make it the delight of the farmer to see his hill
tops again covered with sheep.
Account of Brazil.
CONTINUED FKOM PAGE 308, AND CONCLUDES.
From Villa Rica to the "diamond district," Cerro
do Frio, there is little of interest; the places of
most note are Infectionado, Concepcao, Topinha-
cauga and Arilla do Principe; besides these there
are several poor villages, though the country is
naturally rich and beautiful. The mines being-
icarly exhausted, this whole country is hastening to
decay— the rent of a tolerable house in Concepcao
s about two shillings a month. Villa do Principe
s_on the border of the "diamond district." It con-
ains about, five thousand inhabitants. No one ex-
cept travellers on business, with certificates to that
effect, is suffered to pass this place, until a formal
notification has been made to the governor of that
listrict, and any one found out of the regular route
s immediately subjected to examination. There-
ire gold washings here — some of them very rich.
They find lumps sometimes of several ounces, and
n one instance of several pounds. Within the dia-
mond district the land is bare and sterile— the
Change is at once perceived on passing the pre-
incts. The first diamond work that we arrive at,
s that of San Oonzales, which is now on the de-
line, and employs only three hundred negroes.
Jut the principal work Is at the village Mandanga
n the river Jigitonhonha. The habitations of the
lace are in number about one hundred, generally
f a circular form, with high thatched roofs, like
African huts— the walls are formed of upright
takes, interwoven with branches and coated with
lay. About a thousand mgi-oes are employed The
i'er is as wide as the Thames at Windsor and
•om three to nine feet deep. It is laid dry by
leans of canals. The part now working is a bend
here the current is carried across the tongue of
.n d round which it winds. There is an embank-
ment, just below the head of the canal, formed of
several thousand bags of sand : and the deeper
parts of the channel are laid dry with chain pumps
worked by a water wheel. The cascalhao is car-
ried in carts, along- inclined planes, by means of
ropes and another watej wheel. An empty cart
descends on one plane while a loaded one ascends
another. The washing is performed under a long
shed, in a range of troughs called canoes, along side
of each other, where the water is conveyed by a
canal. Three officers are placed along the line,
upon high chairs, to oversee the operation. From
fifty to eighty pounds of cascalhao being placed in.
each trough, the water is let in; the negroes enter
and stir the mixture with little rakes until the
water runs clear, which it docs in about fifteen
minutes. The rills at the ends of the troughs are
then stopped, the large stones are thrown out, and
the remains are carefully searched for diamonds.*
"When a negro finds one he stands upright, claps
liis hands, then extends them, holding the gem
between his forefinger and thumb and delivers it to-
the overseer, who places it in a bowl of water. Th<.
diamond's found during each day are taken out of
the bo\vi in the evening, delivered to the principal
officer, who weighs them and registers the parti-
''cnlars L"; a h-,;oh !:cpt for that purpose."
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— ACCOUNT OF BRAZIL.
325
When a negro finds a diamond the weight of anj while washing1 for gold, they found a cl'nrnou'
ivo (174 carats) much ceremony takes place; he
Js crowned with a wreath of flowers and carried in
procession to the administrator, who pays the mas-
ter for him and gives him his freedom. Proportion-
ate rewards are given for finding- stones of less size.
While Mr. Mawe was at Fcjuco, a diamond of consi-
derable size being- found, the officers manifested an
anxious desire that it might prove heavy enough to j
entitle the negro to his freedom; and all seemed to
sympathise with, him when it proved to be only
caracs. When a negro it set free a new suit o
clothes ir; given him, and he is permitted to work
at the mines on his own account.
fireat precau'.ion is used to prevent the negroes
&om smuggling the diamonds; while the operations
go on they are changed from one trough to another
and if any one be suspected of swallowing a dia-
mond, he" is confined in a strong room until the
fact can be ascertained.
The slaves employed are the property of private
individuals. The government supplies them with
provisions and pays about eight pence a day for
them.
Fejuco is the capital of the district, but is not a
place of much interest or consequence, as it de-
rives all. its wealth from the diamonds and gold
found in the surrounding country, and labours un-
der severe restrictions of trade, of which the chief
are the high duties injudiciously laid on the articles
of greatest use, such as iron and salt.
The district of Cerro do Frjo consists of rugged
mountains running north and south. What is termed
the diamond ground, extends about sixteen leagues
from north to south, and eight from east to west.
It v\'ds first explored by some adventurers fro&
Villa do Principe. Proceeding still northerly they
examined the streams for. gold washings, but did
not find any rich enough to arrest their course
until they came to the base of the mountain on
which Fejuco is now built. It was not suspected
that diamonds existed there, although some were
collected and presented to the governor of VilU
do Principe, as curious bright stones, and were
used by him as counters at cards. "Soon -after a
few of 'them found their way to Lisbon, and were
given to the Dutch minister to send to Holland,
•which was then the principal mart in Europe for
precious stones. The lapidaries to whom they were
presented pronounced these pebbles to be very
iine diamonds. Information was accordingly sent to
the Dutch consul at Lisbon, who managed the mat-
ter so as to contract for the precious stones at the
same time that he communicated the intelligence."
Government endeavored afterwards to monopolize
the diamonds, making a distinct district of Cerro
do Frio, placing it under peculiar regulations.
The diamonds sent to Europe during the first
twenty years after the discovery are said to exceed
one thousand ounces. This supply diminished the
value of diamonds, as none had ever before been
known to come from any part ot the globe, except
India. But the Brazilian diamonds were afterwards
taken there, and found a, better market than in
Europe
A few leagues north of Rio Plata is the rivulet
Abaite, celebrated for having produced the largest
.diamond of Brazil. Three men v<ere found guilty of
high crimes and banished — ordered not to approach
the towns or remain in civilized society on pain of
perpetual imprisonment. They therefore set about
exploring new mines, in the hope that, they might
r.isikesome discovery important enough to induce a
•heir
Aftt-2 sir. years seurHi,
weighing nearly an ounce. They were pardoned in
consequence.
The Captania of Vlinas Geraes (which includes
the "diamond district") is about 600 or 700 milrs
each way. The regular military establishment is
1400 cavalry, which number is prescribed by law.
The inhabitants* are estimated at three -hundred and
sixty thousand, of whom two hundred thousand are
negroes.
Besides the natural productions already men-
tioned there is galena or sulphuret of lead, anti-
mony, native bismuth, arsenical and martial pyriies,
titanium and platina, as well as a variety of articles
of curiositv.
In the immense woods, the finest trees are often
destroyed by the creeping plants which shoot up
rapidly, and" encircle the branches with fibi'es so
strong as to stop their growth. When those vines
are young they are so flexible that they are often
used for the ordinary purposes of ropes.
The Captania of Buhia lies on the north of Minas
Geraes, and extends from it, along the coast, to the
great river of St. Francisco, that is, to latitude
eleven degrees south. The capital is Sc. Salvador
(also Called Cidade de Buhia) which was formerly
the seat of the supreme government of Brazil. It is
supposed to contain seventy thousand inhabitants'.
Bahia is well supplied with provisions, particu-
larly vegetables, which are in great profusion. Alt
the tropical fruits grow here in high perfection?
particularly pines, mangos and bananas. Preserved
fruits ore in abundance on account of the cheapness
of sugar : two or three preserved limes in a cup of
syrup may be bought for a penny. Even the poorest
people conclude their meanest dinner with this fine
delicacy.
Coffee and cotton are raised in great quantities,
and they cultivate <;ome rioe. From this place t!nd
from the port of Pei'nambucco, they send Brazil-
wood of a quality much superior to that procured
elsewhere.
Further north' is the Captania of Matto Grosso.
Some of tlfe streams in this part contain gold. It is
upposed to be on some branch of the river Chingu>
that Bartolomeo Bueno made his famous discovery'
This enterprising man found mines containing the
most abundant treasures, and returned to St. Paul's
to procure negroes and implements for working1
them. On his hither return lie passed the mines
of Cuiba, which being extremely productive, they
tempted.most of his followers to desert him. .Fear-
ig to lose the rest, he left the straight route and
fas lost in immense wastes. After wandering many
mouths he found the mines of Goiaz, and settled
there. The place had been explored without com-,
pass or any means of defining its position, but he
left a journal that described the route. This was.
pursued by a grandson of his, but just as the party
approached the desired spot*, the Minas dos Marti-
rios, a body of Indians, attacked them, killed some,
dispersed the ivjst and frustrated all their splendid
hopes.
The whole extent of the territory of Brazil is,
chiefly watered by the Paraguay, and the tributary-
streams which concentrate towards the interior,
falling into it on the east side : not one enters itori
tiie west side from the Jauru to the latitude of Ipane*
On the south of St. Paul's lies the Captania of*
Rio Grande, whose capital bears the same name.
There are very few curious circumstances noted
concerning it, though it is of great import »rc?,
aavir.g a very fine climate anj4j.being accqurvierl th<*
HT;inarv of Bra/il.
N1LES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, JULY IS, 1816.
JEtiyiiah farm 'if 250 acres — annual charts.
4 men at Wf. $44 40 per annum, $177 6
* Poor tax— ^ 87 5 .... 3872
* iv<>;>,-rty tax— ef43 17 6, - - - 1949'
* Assessed tax on horses, &c. .£15 10, 68 61
Tythes— one tenth of the produce • • 852'
Cost of the farm
943 6
1200 Ibs.' wool at 11 d. 21 cents, $252 0(
30'J lambs or sheep annually sold, at
2 dollars, - . - - - 600 0(
$852 0
And the former would lose
•
American farm of 250 acres~annual charge.
4 men at 120 dollars per aitnum - - §480 00
Poor tax — in many states as nothing; on
the average for the U. S. say - - 5 00
Property tax — say U. S. direct tax -
A-sessed tax — jior.e
Tythes — none
C&st of the farm 497 50
1200 Ibs. of wool at 21 cents $252
Suppose it shipped to England
and deduct for freight, com-
missions, &.c. one sixth — 42 — $210 00
300 lambs or sheep sold at g2 600 00
And the farmer would gain
810 00
§313 50
This is to show the different circumstances tm-
dtr which the farmers or wool growers, of the two
Irs, may bring their products together in the
,ii market. l?v better cultivation and manage-
inent, it is expected that, at present, a British farm,
of a given extent, may support more sheep than a
like f;rm in our country, as well as produce more
! — the meat, also, commanding a better price;
but all these cannot make up the great difference
of cxpence arising from the difference! in the taxes,
c<c. As in each country there are county rates fo
ro.uls, Sec. I have said nothing about them in either:
uiid some of the states have state tnyt's — but, on an
average for all the states, (many of them having
no sucii tax at all) thevare too light materially to
aif'ect the retusit — and certainly cannot equal the
extra am/mnt of the "charges at Liverpool," given
us, which are rather more than ona si^'tli of the va-
lue ofthe commodity. — This is "verv like a whale."
To conclude — the calculations which many of us
have raudc as to the profits of raising" sheep, may
have been exceedingly exaggerated — but this is a
plain mattes- of fact, that we can- grow wool and
cr.r/7/ it to JAvcrpool for sale, for much less than the
*].i;ii,ii farmer can bring it to the same market. —
The cn'tru taxes which the latter lias to pay, is a
profit for the former. The stoppage of our large
manufacturing establishment* which (as was ob-
served of foreign trade, noticed in our last paper)
gave u Htimuhts to the demand, though the quantity
*These items are taken from what is given to us
as Uie amount actually paid on a certain farm of 250
acres in England. We have no reason to believe
tljey are over-charged.
consumed by them was comparatively of "little as-
count, has made wool a drug in the market. Rut
it cannot remain so— a small degree of patience and
firmness will rescue it from its present condition/
and make it the delight of the farmer to see his hill
tops again covered wit!) sheep.
Account of Brazil.
CONTINUED FKOSr PAOB 308, AND
From Villa Rica to the "diamond district," Cerro
to Frio, there is little of interest; the places of
• note are Infectionado, Concepcao, Topinha-
•a and Villa do Princine: besides these t.hi»rft
most
cauga
are several poor villages, "though the country is
naturally rich and beautiful. The mines being-
icarly exhausted, this whole country is hastening to
decay — the rent of a tolenible house in Concepcao
is about two shillings a month. Villa do Principe
s on the border of the "diamond district." It con-
tains about five thousand inhabitants. No one ex-
cept travellers on business, with certificates to that
effect, is suffered to pass this place, until a formal
notification has been made to the governor of that
listrict, and any one found out ofthe regular route
:s immediately subjected to examination. There-
ire gold washings here— some of them very rich*
They find lumps sometimes of several ounces, and
n one instance of several pounds. Within the dia-
mond district the land is bare and sterile — the
Change is at once perceived on passing the pre-
incts. The first diamond work that we arrive at,
s that of San Gonzales, which is now on the de-
line, and employs only three hundred negroes.
But the principal work is at the village Mandanga
on the river Jigitonhonha. The habitations of the
lace are in number about one hundred, generally
f a circular form, with high thatched roofs, like
African huts— the walls are formed of upright
takes, interwoven with branches and coated w'ith
lay. About a thousand negroes are employed The
iver is as wide as the Thames at Windsor and
rom three to nine feet deep. It is laid dry by
leans of canals. The part now working is a bend
'here the current is carried across the tongue of
incl round which it winds. There is an embank-
ment, just below the head of the canal, formed of
several thousand bags of sand : and the deeper
parts ofthe channel are laid dry with chain pumps
worked by a water wheel. The cascalhao is car-
ried in carts, along inclined planes, by means of
ropes and another watejp wheel. An empty cart
descends on one plane while a loaded one ascends
another. The washing" is performed under a long-
shed, in a range of troughs called canoes, along side
of each other, where the water is conveyed by a
canal. Three officers are placed along the line,
upon high chairs, to oversee the operation. From
fifty to eighty pounds of cascalhao being placed in
each trough, the water is let in; the negroes enter
nd stir the mixture with little rakes until the
water runs clear, which it does in about fifteen
minutes. The rills at the ends of the troughs are
then stopped, the large stones are thrown out, and
remains are carefully
"When a negro finds one
his hands, then extends them, holding the gem
between his forefinger and thumb and delivers it to*
the oversee;1, who places it in a bowl of water. The
diamond's found during each day are taken out of
the bo\vi in the evening, delivered to the principal
officer, who weighs them and registers the parti-
culars i-'1- a. b'jok kept for that purpose."
searched for diamonds.,
ie stands upright, claps
BILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— ACCOUNT OF BRAZIL.
When a r.egro finds a diamond the weight .of an] while washing for gold, they found a
325
octavo (174 carats) much ceremony take.* place; he
.is crowned with a wreath of flowers and carried in
procession to the administrator, who pays the mas-
ter for him and gives him his freedom. Proportion-
ate rewards are given for finding1 stones of less size.
While Mr. Ma. we was at Fcjucp, a diamond of consi-
derable size being- found, the officers manifested an
anxious desire that it might prove heavy enough to
entitle the negro to his freedom; and all seemed to
sympathise with him when it proved to be only 16^
cara.s. When a negro it set free a new suit ol
clothes is given him, and he is permitted to work
at the mines on his own account.
ISreal precaution is used to prevent the negroes
from smuggling the diamonds; while the operations
go on they are changed from one trough to another
and if any one be suspected of swallowing a dia-
mond, he" is confined in a strong room until the
fact can be ascertained.
The slaves employed are the property of private
individuals. The government supplies them with
provisions and pays about eight pence a day foi'
them.
Fejuco is the capital of the district, but is not a
place of much interest or consequence, as it de-
rives all its wealth from the diamonds and gold
found in the surrounding country, and labours un-
der severe restrictions of trade, of which the chief
are the high duties injudiciously laid on the articles
of greatest use, such as iron and salt.
The district of Cerro do Frio consists of rugged
mountains running north and south. What is termed
the diamond ground, extends about sixteen leagues
from north to south, and eight from east to west.
It wvs first explored by some adventurers fro$i
Villa do Principe. Proceeding still northerly they
examined the streams for. gold washings, but did
not find any rich enough to arrest their course
until they came to the base of the mountain on
which Fejuco is now buiit. It was not suspected
that diamonds existed there, although some were
collected and presented to the governor of VilLi
do Principe, as curious bright stones, and were
used by him as counters at cards. "Soon -after a
few of them found their way to Lisbon, and were
given to the Dutch minister to send to Holland,
which was then the principal mart in Europe for
precious stones. The lapidaries to whom they were
presented pronounced these pebbles to be very
line diamonds. Information wus accordingly sent to
the Dutch consul at Lisbon, who managed the mat-
ter so as to contract for the precious stones at the
same time that he communicated the intelligence."
Government endeavored afterwards to monopolize
the diamonds, making a distinct district of Cerro
do Frio, placing it under peculiar regulations.
The diamonds sent to Europe during the first
twenty years after the discovery are said to exceed
one thousand ounces. This supplv diminished the
value of diamonds, as none had ever before been
known to come from any part ot the globe, except
India. But the Brazilian diamonds were afterwards
taken there, and found a,, better market than in
Europe
A few leagues north of Rio Plata is the rivulet
Abaite, celebrated for having produced the largest
.diamond of Brazil. Three men were found guilty of
high crimes and banished — ordered not to approach
the towns or remain in civilized society on pain of
perpetual imprisonment. They therefore set about
exploring new mines, in the hope that, they might
r.iuke some discovery important enough to induce a
•\ of their pentence. Aftes <?iy. veavs search,
weighing nearly an ounce. They were pardoned in
consequence.
The Captania of Minas Qeraes (whjch includes
the "diamond district") is about 600 or 700 miles
each way. The regular military establishment is
1400 cavalry, which number is prescribed by law.
The inhabitants* are estimated at three .hundred and
sixty thousand, of whom two hundred thousand are
negroes.
Besides the natural productions already men-
tioned there is galena or sulphuret of load, anti-
mony, native bismuth, arsenical and martial pyrites,
titanium and platina, as well as a variety of articles
of curiositv.
In the immense woods, the finest trees are often
destroyed by the creeping plants which shoot up
rapidly, and encircle the brandies with fibres so
strong as to stop their growth. When those vines
are young they are so flexible that they are often
used for the ordinary purposes of ropes.
The Captania of B'uhia lies on the north of Minas
Geraes, and extends from it, along the coast, to the
great river of St. Francisco, that is, to latitude
eleven degrees south. The capital is Sc. Salvador
(also sailed Cidade de Buhia) which was formerly
the seat of the supreme government of Brazil. It is
supposed to contain seventy thousand inhabitants'.
Bahia is well supplied with provisions, particu-
larly vegetables, which are in great profusion. All
the tropical fruits grow here in high perfection,-.
particularly pines, mangos and bananas. Preserved
fruits are in abundance on account of the cheapness
of sugar : two or three preserved limes in a cup of
syrup may be bought for a penny. Even the poorest
people conclude their meanest dinner with this fine
delicacv.
Coffee and cotton are raised in great quantities,
and they cultivate some rice. From this place ,.;id
from the port of Pettiambucco, they send Brazil-
wood of a quality much superior to that procured
elsewhere.
Further north' is the Captania of Matto Grosso.
iome of tlfe streams in this part contain gold. It is
upposed to be on some branch of the river Chingu,
that Bartolomeo Bueno made his famous discove'ry.
This enterprising man found mines containing the
most abundant treasures, and returned to St. Paul's
to procure negroes and implements for working1
them. On his hither return he passed the mine/?
of Cuiba, which being extremely productive, they
tempted.most of his followers to desert him. Fear-
"ng to lost the rest, he left the straight route and
vas lost in immense wastes. After wandering many
mouths he found the mines of Goiaz, and settled
there. The place had been explored without com-.
pass or any means of defining its position, but lie
left a journal that described the route. This was.
pursued by a grandson of his, but just as the party
approached the desired spot, , the Minas dos Marti-
rios, a body of Indians, attacked them, killed some,
dispersed th.ere.3t and frustrated all their splendid
hopes.
The whole extent of the territory of Brazil is
chiefly watered by the Paraguay, and the tributary-
streams which concentrate towards the interior,
falling into it on the east side : not one enters itou
tue west side from the Jauru to the latitude of Ipane..
On the south of St. Paul's lies the Captania of*
Rio Grande, whose capital bears the same name.
Tnere are very few curious circumstances noted
concerning it, though it is of great import, re?,
aavn a very fine climate nn
of Bra/il.
accounted the
326 NINES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1316.
Tt may be well to mention the excessive commcr-
ci;il speculations entered into by the English mer-
chants, immediately after the emigration of the
court of Portugal thither, which could only be
equalled by those that followed their expeditions to
the Rio de'la Plata.
The market was overstocked at once — the bay
was covered with ships, and houses could not be
found to contain the goods. The shores were strewed
ivith casks and boxes. The people of the interior
extolled the generosity of the English that furnished
tiiem, gratis, with those articles that were before
so dear. To stop the plundering, cent in els were
placed, who plundered only for themselves. Im-
jnense quantities of goods were pretended to be
damaged and sp sold bv the custom-house for the
ben I- fit nf the nnderwitens ! Ignorance of trade com-
pleted the mismanagement. It is absurd to suppose
that the minds of the people can be suddenly filled
with new artificial ^Yant$. Some sent large invoice* of cious idea hitherto entertained, that no profitable
stays or corsets, for ladies who had never heard of
sucii armor — some sent assortments of elegant coffin
furniture, without knowing that the Brazilians never
use coffins — and others sent skates to a people who
did not know that water could be turned into ice.
Tt was less absurd, but equally unprofitable, to
send elegant services of cut glass to those who
drank only out of cocoa nut shells and horns; bril-
liant chandeliers to those who did not know the
luxury of candles; besides saddles, bridles and
whips, to those who could not contrive how to use
them.
Those who could sell were eager to receive pre-
cious stones in return. Stones in great numbers
they did receive — tourmalines for emeralds, chrys-
tals for topazes and paste for diamonds These
Were weighed with great scrupulousness to be sold
again according to the rules of JefTeries.
Cold dust was also bartered for in considerable
quantities. The brass pans, 'bought of the English,
were filed down and mixed with eight or ten per
c<*il: of gold. Thus the merchants re-purchased at
three or four guineas per ounce, the very articles
which they had sold at 2s. 6«7. per pound.
Added to this the incidental charges were ex-
cessive for packing-, shipping, convoy duty, freight,
insurance, commission, &c. The gentlemen con-
signees had calculated on doing business only in
the large way: they had set apart their hours for
horse-exercise and for visiting" their country seats.
s delicate connections were formed; and
appeared
fern ales °f the obscurest class somehow
dressed in the costly extreme of the English fa-
shion. Hut rents, charges and duties must be paid;
some scorning to descend to the business of retail-
ing, had their goods sent to the auctions, while
others accommodated themselves to their neces-
sities, opened shops and were not qfFended at being
abkrd for a hat or a pair of boots.
Un it-r these disastrous circumstances, while con-
yigiu-'-s are re vainly looking for the gold and dia-
Tiu.i.ls, remittances became necessary. Hemon-
slrui.rcs \vci-e made, and powers of attorney were
at length sent out by cargoes. Property was re-
moved from one consignee to another, at 'great ex-
pense and to no purpose. At last arrived the la-
mentable epoch, when the columns of the London
Gazette were filled with the names of merchants
once rich and respectable.
SBS-Jfefcasss
Navigation of Rpanoke.
For the following interesting and important arti-
o r»r> the. r;iOstbilit.v of l?n;innk>> i-ivj-r- fV>v rv.nMn-.»t',f.,i <
we are indebted to the Norfolk Herald. It is rathei»
singular, that a subject so highly important to \\p,
states of Virginia and \orth-Caro~l in a has not earlier
received that attention which now appears to be
drawn to it. The circumstance on wi ich the fol-
lowing correspondence is founded, will be recol-
lected by most of our readers— it was the descent
of the river, its whole length, in a boat, by sever'1!
gentlemen, of whom the writer of the subjoined de-
scription of the river was one.
[Art*. Int.
Richmond, January 13, 1816.
DEAU SIH, — Your late novel, hazardous, :«nd pub-
lie spirited undertaking of the descent of the Roan-
oke, the passage of the Albemarle sound, the Dis-
mal Swamp canal, and finally reaching the port of
Norfolk in an open boat, has excited much wonder
and delight.
Among the many important effects produced by
this bold experiment, that of removing the fal la-
trade with those waters could be carried on with-
out the aid of canals, is not the least.
An assurance on our part, that the commerce and
trade thus proposed, may be greatly facilitated by
the useful hints which you can offer on the best
plan of conducting it, has induced the liberty of"
troubling you on this subject. The fear of omitting,
in a detailed inquiry, something which might be
important to the attainment of the object ^of the
company, impels us rather" -to ask of you, sir, in a
general way, all the important information relative
to the Roanoke river, its capability of navigation,
and the most eligible mode of transporting the
marketable productions of the country watered by
this river and its tributary streams to Norfolk.
The earliest possible answer to this letter, with-
out neglecting yowr public engagements, will confer
a favor on youi; friends.
M. COOKE.
MILES KING.
Col. JVm. J. Lerviit.
Richmond, January 15, 1816.
-I have received your polite, and I
may say, flattering letter, in which you request me
"to give a general description of the Roanoke river;
its capability of navigatien, and the most eligible
mode of transporting- the marketable productions
of this river and its tributary streams to Norfolk."
The Roanoke heads in the Alleghany mountains,
opposite, and at a small distance from Little river,
a branch of the Great Kenhawa. It bears the name
of Roanoke until it descends through the South
mountains, or Blue ridge, when it obtains th« name
of Staunton. The Upper Roanoke has a sufficient
quantity of water for useful navigation at all sea-
sons with judicious management, and within a few
miles of the Alleghany mountains. This part of the
river, in low water, has a gentle current, except on
the shoals which abound in Upper Roanoke, though
none of them present any serious obstructions to
improvement.
From the eastern side of the Blue ridge to the
Seven islands, near the mouth of Great Falling
river, the fitttuntnn presents a bolder aspect in the
number and difficulty of its falls and shoals, some of
which in low water, cannot now be passed by load-
ed boats with safety, and one is entirely impassa-
ble: but a small addition to the amount already
expended in its improvement, would render it per-
fectly safe at all times, whether the river tide wa$
high or low.
The Staunton, after passing the Seven Islands,
having- received a considerable accession of water
from its northern and southern sides, becomes deep.
pie on the capability of Koanoke river for navigation, ' er, more gentle in its current, and has fewer s.hoa(s
SILKS' WEEKLY REGISTER— NAVIGATION OF ROANOKE.
32?
— none, even at low water, to obstruct the
• >f boats with five tons weight, to its junction wit:
Dan river. After the union of the Staunton and H ,;
the name "Itoanokc" is resumed, and the connec-
tion produces one of the most beautiful and nob!<
rivers on the east of the Allegany mountains, un'i
it precipitates itself with awful grandeur down the
til-eat fulls into the plains below. Here its beauty
and "the sound of its many waters" are lost. I
creeps on sluggishly in a narrow crooked channel
through cypress swamps, to the distance of 10U
miles, where it suddenly spreads itself again into a
broad and beautiful river, to meet the Chowaa,
forming' together the head of Albemarle sound.
This i.s but a general and imperfect description
of this beautiful river; from its source to its mouth,
being- little short of 300 miles in length, and water-
ing with its tributu-y streams, at least fifteen mil-
H.-.F.S of acres of as fertile land as any on the Atlan-
tic • "tiers.
•iiicipal obstacle to the navigation of thi
r'r- • 5 the Cre.tt falls in the state of North Caro-
lina. '->py ;<'e r.velve miles from head to foot, and
in th v '>v<tJTvce descend 100 feet, which is eight
fee: f.< 3 :es to the mile. On the south side of
the ri v. -is-unce by land would be eight miles,
with ' of twelve feet six incnes pel
mile.
There , / three ways of rendering the
falls navigable; by cnmils and locks, or by adhering
to rhc bed of the >•',/•. Canals, when made, are
preferable, b< caus th< , can be navigated at al
tin-es M'uho' ' .;;• difficulty — but the expense
of :.i /.•viii^ c.'-.i.. . -, -oine p^ces would be greater
than v.'hu i ought to justify: and I am lee]
to believe that a canal round these falls would not
.in many years, reimburse, bv moderate tollage, the
expense Deconstructing it. Tiie cheapest and most
expeditious plan would be to adhere to the bed o
the river, a considerable portion of which consist
Ing of still sheets of water, or having a gentle cur
rent, is already .navigable. Tim mode would re
duce the actual distance to be improved to only ;
small portion of the 12 miles. The rapid parts o
the falls should have straight sluices for descending
boats, and for those ascending, diagonal sluice
crossing from the bottom to the top of the falls
which would lessen their declivity, and thereby
greatly facilitate the passage of ascending boats
As an immediate trade down the Roanoke is s<
much wished for by the highland people, why not
for the present, have a land carriage at the Grea
Fallsi1 It would be but 8 miles, over a fine soil fo
o. good road, and the carriage of produce by land a
that place, would be little more than the tollage o
canal navigation, where the water must be let dow
100 feet by locks. — If trading houses were estab
lished at that place, and the produce of the uppe
country could be sold there at a fair price it woul
be immediately carried that far but no farther. Th
highland boats will not navigate lower lioanoke t
the sound owing to the distance being too great fo
such unceasing bodily exertions — the siekliness o
that climate, and an unskilfulness in propellin
boats with oars — If they were willing to extend the
voyage, their boats are not of the proper structure
being open, they would not when loaded live o
rough water. You have a more useful boat no
navigating that river from the foot of the grea
falls to Albemarle sound, and thence through th
Dismal swamp canal to Norfolk; their burthen
from 25 to 30 tons, which is all they can bear o
the canal in its present shape — But if that can
W$s deepened, their burthen might be double
ithout much increase of bulk, and still not draw
0 great a deptli of water for Lo \vr-r lioanoke.
It might, here be observed, that Norfolk present-
1 the 'high land agriculturalist bordering on th<
oanoke and its tributary streams a brighter pro;
ect for his marketable produce, than any t»t!uv
ea-port we have or perhaps can have, on tide v.
mm Albemarle sound there can bo four gr
remies for transporting to Narfolk, besides
•eat contemplated canal from the fulls of Moar.
> Meherrin, Bennett's Creek, Lftke Driimmond ami
le Dismal Swamp canal which route does not touch
ie sound,
Fir*' — ^ middle route up the Pasquotank, the.
iism.'d Swamp canal and down the Elizabeth river,,
[ready in use. Secund — From Alhtmarle sound,
i rough Currituck sound, the North river, and
own E'.iz.ibeth river. On this route a c-unal of billy
miles in length will have to be cut between the:
avigable waters on each side, throvsgh a line plain,
ot exceeding four feet in its greai on, —
"//nv/ from Albemarle sound up the Chowan river,
lennett's Creek, Luke Drutnmond and the Dismal,
wamp canal. On this route only a short canal \vill
e required in addition to the present on?. Fcitrt? f
•om the Chowan, a eoihouinicatioii may be had
Iso with Nansemond river, and thence xo Norfolk,
Where so many good communications are pi t sent-
d for selection it is difficult for the mind to crivt- a
reference, it must not confine itself to the present
tate of the Roanoke and the Sound, nor that o!"
lie extensive country watered by their tributary
treams; but it must look forward to that period,
,r''.ei the whole of these waters shall become nhviglt-
le, and when that new spring to industry shall ex-
ite in the human heart an additional thirst for gain
xhibited in a, more general and ingenious cultiva-
ion of the soil, the management of fisheries, of tar,
f turpentine, and lumber of all descriptions,. O;"
hcse articles you export from the Sound annual K*
o the amount of 2,500,000 dollars; but what will
>e the exports when that fine country shall have
.rrived at its greatest population — when improve-
ments in agriculture — when the verv hills and
nountains shall be Cm bo welled, and their metals
.nd minerals are numbered among the principal
.rticles of export? For this trade Norfolk stands
.Imost without a competitor. A communication di-
ectly from Albemarle sound with the sea, is a1.-
ended with serious, if not insurmountable di'ti-
tulties; the shallowness of that seaco;-.st where the
iCtion of the waves is constantly shifting the sand
Vom place to place, will perhaps cloak up any
channel that may be matle for the passage of s(.\t
'essels of heavy burthen. And thus as Norfolk has
he capital and a fine seaport she mast enjoy ther
rade. 1 would therefore recommend the immediate
opening of the Dismal Swamp canal, so as to
jive it sufficient width and depth to answer that
trade/J-
am sorry, gentlemen, that my knowledge of
these subjects is so limited.
With great respect, &,c.
W..J. LEWIS.
If. Cfjoke and titles h"ing-, enquires.
•j-An act was passed by the legislature oi" Virgi-
nia, subsequent to this correspondence, authorising
these improvements to be inadi1. The canal is au-
thorised to be made forty feet wide, and sufficiently
deep for the passage of vessels drawing five feet
water. For the completion of this additional work,
stockholders of tire Dismal Swamp canal companv
are required to advance- 20,^00 dolla:"5 on the" '
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1816,
to an a
Peace and War.
A society has been established in Massaclmtetts,
by some Christian philanthropists, to discourage
war. Whatever opinion may be entertained of
the utility of this institution, no doubt can exist
about the purity of the motives of the respecta-
ble individuals who compose it. One of the
strongest arguments for war in Europe, a crowded
population, cannot be found in this country for
a long period of time. The following letters were
received by the founder of this society, in answer
pplication to the writers for their sup-
port of its views. Any letters coming from such
eminent men a^ Mr. ADAMS and Mr. JEFFKHSOX,
must be interesting; but these are highly
characteristic. We copy them from the 4th
number of "the Friend of Peace," a work pub-
lished under the auspices of this society.
[North Jim. Review.
KB. JEFFERSON'S AXSWEK.
^Monticelif) , Jatiuari; 29, 1816.
SIR— -Your letter, bearing date October 18, 1815,
came only to hand the day before yesterday, which
is mentioned to explain the date of mine J have
to thank vou for the pamphlets accompanying1 it, <o
wit, the Solemn Review, the Friend of Peace, or
Special Interview, and the Friend of Peace, No. 2.
The fii-3t of these I had received through another
channel some months ago I have not read the twc
last steadily through, because where one assents to
propositions as goon as announced, it is loss of time
to read the arguments in support of them. These
numbers discuss the first branch of the causes of
war, that is to say, wars undertaken for the pom
of honor, which you aptly analogize with the act
of duelling between individuals, and reason with
justice from the one to the other. Undoubtedly
this class of wars is, in the general, what you state
them to be, "needless, unjust and inhuman as well
as antichristian."
The second branch of this subject, to wit, wars
undertaken on account of ivrong done, and which
may be likened to the apt of robbery in private life,
I presume will be treated of. in your future num-
bers. I observe this class mentioned in the Solemn
^Review, p. 10, and the question a:»ked, "Is it com-
mon for a nation to obtain a redress of wrongs by
war ?" The answer to this question you will of
course draw from history; in the mean time, reason
will answer it on grounds of probability, that where
the wrong has been done by a weaker nation, the
stronger one has generally been able to enforce
redress; but where by a stronger nation, redress
by war has been neither obtain ed nor expected by
the weaker — on the contrary, the loss has been
increased by the expenses of the war, in bloo'd and
treasure; yet it may have obtained another object,
equally securing itself from future wrong. It may
have retaliated on the aggressor, losses of blood
and treasure, far beyond the value to him of the
wrong he had committed, and thus have made the
advantage of that too dear a purchase in future; in
this way the loss by the war may have secured the
weaker nation from loss by future wrong.
The case you state Of two boxers, both of whom
sent capital stock, being 20 per cent, each share.
If this sum should be insufficient, the la\v autho-
rizes the creation of new stock, to an amount not
exceeding 6(J,000 dollars. \Ye regret to add, that
there is no prospect at present of any tiling being
done to forward the improvement contemplated tvv
law — such is the singular inattention of the citizens
get a "terrible bruising," is apposite to this ; he,
of the two who committed the aggression on the
other, although victor in the scuffle, yet probably
finds the aggression not worth the bruising it has
cost him. To explain this by numbers, it is alleged
that Great Britain took from us, before the late war,
near 1000 vessels, and that during the war, we took
1400 : that before the war, she seized and made
slaves of 6000 of our citizens, and that in the war
we killed more than 6000 of her subjects, and caus-
ed her to expend such a sum as amounted to 4 or
5000 guineas a head for every slave she had made.
She might have purchased the vessels she took for
less than the value of those she lost, and have used
the 6000 of her men killed, for the purposes to
which she applied ours, have saved the 4 or 5000
guineas a head, and obtained a character of justice,
which is as valuable to a nation as an individual:
These considerations leave her without inducement
to plunder propertx^, and take men in future on such
dear terms. I neither affirm nor deny the truth of
these allegations, nor is their truth material to the
question ; they are possible, and therefore present
a case to your consideration, in a discussion of the
general question : Whether any degree of injury car,
render a recourse to War expedient? Siill less do V
propose to draw to myself any part in this discussion
Age, and its effects both on body and mind, has
weaned my attentions from public subjects, and left
me unequal to the labors of correspondence, beyond
the limits of my personal concerns. I retire, there-
fore, from the question, with a sincere wish, that
your writings may have effect in lessening this
greatest of human evils, and that you may retain
life and health, to enjoy the contemplation of this
happy spectacle ; and pray you to be assured of my
great respect.
THOMAS JEFFERSON,
of Norfolk to their best interests. [Editors Herald, your friend and servant.
MK. ADAMb AXSWER.
Qz/znet/, Feb. 6, 1816.
DEATI Sin — I have received your kind letter of thy
23d of January, and I thank you for the pamphlets
enclosed with, it.
It is very true, as my excellent friend, Mr. Nor-
ton, has informed you, that I have read many of your
publications with pleasure.
I have also read, almost all the days of my lifefv
the solemn reasonings and pathetic declarations of
Erasmus, of Fenelon, of St. Pierre, and many others
against war, and in favor of peace. My understand-
ing and my heart, accorded with them at first blush.
But, a)as !'a longer and more extensive experi
has convinced me, that wars are as necessary and
as inevitable, in our system, as hurricanes, earth-
quakes and volcanoes.
* Our beloved country, siv, is surrounded by ene-
mies, of the most dangerous, because the most pow-
erful and most unprincipled character. Collisions
of national interest, of commercial and manufactur-
ing rivalries, are multiplying around us. Instead of.
discouraging a martial spirit, in my opinion it ought
to be excited. We have not enough of it to defend
us by sea or land.
Universal and perpetual peace appears to me, no
more nor less than everlasting passive obedience,
and non-resistance. The human flock would soon
be fleeced and butchered by one or a few.
I cannot therefore, sir, be a subscriber or a mem-
ber of your society.
I do, sir, most humbly supplicate the theologi-
ans, the philosophers, and politicians, to let me die
in peace — I seek only repose.
With the most cordial esteem, however, I am, sir.
JOHN ADAMS
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— EMPIRE OF AUSTRIA.
329
French Tariff.
Extract from the new tariff of duties in France on
some of the principal articles of importation.
[JVbte. The kilogram e is equivalent to 2 lbs..3 oz.
American weight.] 'French Foreign
ships. ships.
Per 100 Idlogrames.
FR. C. Ftt. C.
Coffee from French colonies beyond
the Cape of Good Hope, 50 00
from elsewhere out of Europe 95 00 105 00
Sugar, raw, from French colonies,
without distinction of kind, 45 00
• brown, from elsewhere out
of Europe, 70 00 80 00
white, do. do. do. 30 00 90 00
clayed, from French colonies
without distinction of kind 70 00
—-——do. brown, from elsewhere
out of Europe 95 00 105 00
white, do. do. do. 105 00 125 Ou
Refined sugar, in loaves, powdered
or candied is prohibited
Cocoa, from French colonies 80 00
from countries out of Europe 115 00 125 00
Cotton, from French colonies, with-
out distinction of kind 10 00
• long wool-, from foreign coun-
tries, out of Europe, 40 00 55 00
-• short wool, do. do. 20 00 35 00
Popper and pimento, from French
colonies
and from foreign countries
indigo, from French colonies,
~ from foreign countries,
Tea, from India,
from elsewhere out of Europe
Cloves, from French colonies
• from elsewhere out of Eu-
rope
Cinnamon and Cassia-lignea, from
French colonies
'• from elsewhere out of Eu-
rope
Nutmegs and mace, from French
colonies
from elsewhere out of Eu-
rope
Cochineal, from foreign countries,
90 00
140 00 150 00
Per kilograme.
1 00
1 75
2 50
3 00
2 00
2 '25
3 50
3 50 4 00
4 00
5 50 6 00
8 00
9 50
4 00
10 00
6 00
Per 100 kilogram es
10 00
Rocoa, from French colonies,
— from elsewhere out of Eu-
rope
IJrazil wood, Pernambuca, from out
of Europe
All other kinds of dye woods, lig-
numvitoe included, from
French colonies,
from countries out of Eu-
rope,
Elephants1 teeth, entire from French
colonies,
• from countries out of Eu-
rope, 100 00 110 00
Elephants' teeth, not whole, pay
double duty.
Hides, dried in the hair, from French
colonies
* from countries out of Eu-
rope,
i'ot and pearl ashes, froir, countries
•if Europe
20 00 30 00
7 00 15 00
1 00
2 00 7 00
80 00-
1 00
5 00 15 00
15 00
00
Galls, from the Black Sea, and coun-
tries out of Europe 8 00 15 00
Camphor, raw, 150 00 150 10
refined, 300 00 302 00
Whalebone, slab, frqm French fishery 1 00
from foreign'fishery, 30 00 35 00
Kice, from India, 1 00
from other countries out of
Europe 2 00 7 00
Tobacco, imported only for the con-
tractors with the govern-
ment, (la Regie} free 10 00
Fish oil, from French fishery, 1 00
From foreign do. 20 00 28 00
The above tariff of duties passed into a law on
the 28th of April, and went into operation on the
7th of May, 1816.
"Legitimate Sovereignty/'
WEST COAST OF AFIUCA. From Tucker's Maratime
Geography. "The coast between the Volta and Be-
nin is subject to the powerful and barbarous king ol
Dahomey, whose body guard is composed of 80$
women, who are armed with muskets, bows and ar-
rows ; whose chief officers approach him crawljng
on their bellies, and licking the dust of the ground,
the avenues to whose palace are paved with human
skulls, and its walls are incrusted with the jaw
bones of his massacred subjects ; and who, on days-
of ceremony, sprinkle the graves of his ancestors
with human gore, while fifty corpses and as many
heads stuck on poles, are placed round the royal
sepulchre :— The wives of the deceased king mu
tually kill each other, until the monarch orders tilt-
massacre to cease; and the people, more ferocious
than tygers, in the midst of noisy rejoicing, tear
the victims to pieces, for the mere pleasure of doing
so, and without even the excuse of feasting upon
the flesh, for they are not cannibals
"The negroes of Benin are nearly as barbarous as
the Dahomeys. Their king, who can bring 100,00f
fighting men into the field, is worshipped as a de-
mi god, is supposed to live without food, and when
he appears to die, is thought, like the Grand L,ama,
to revive under another human form. Here human
victims are sacrificed to the evil principle; and ia
their feasts, the king and nobles dip their coral
necklaces in the blood of their victims, and pray to
the Gods that they may never be deprived of this
mark of pre-eminence.
"The nations between Benin and Loango are lit-
tle known. A second tribe of Blatters inhabit the
banks of the Formosa, and are said to sacrifice their
children to the Devil. To them succeed the Cal-
bonges, occupying the country through which runs
the Rio del Key and San Benito : they are painted
as the least civilized of the negro nations, going
naked and selling their children and relations as
slaves."
Empire of Austria.
In the first volume of the WKEKLY REGISTER, page
118, there is a very valuable table, shewing the con-
ditiori of the Austrian empire, as to extent, popula-
tion and revenue, at the period when her emperor
combined with others to partition France, and when
his empire was partitioned by France.
To save trouble and to have the matter before us
in one view, it may be useful to give the suhstano-
of that table.
430 NILES* WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1816.
Before her wars with the French republic — the
territory of Austria contained 226,876 square miles,
had a population of 26,970,030 souls, and a revenue
of 48,244,009 dollars.
After being twice subjugated by France — her
territory was 134,740 square miles; population
15,519,023 souls; revenue 3l,99J,572 dollars.
Having- lost — 92,136 square mile of territory;
11,551,007 people, and 16,244,426 dollars, revenue
In a late work, published at Vienna, by the baron
de Lichtenstein, the following is given as the state
and condition of the Austrian monarchy, since the
pe^ce with Bavaria, signed on the 14th of April
hist. We have thrown the facts into a tabular form
for the convenience of our readers.
GT-.UMAtf
SQ.ll. MILES. I
1
POPULATION
1. JJiiatrian states —
The country below the Ens,
364.5
1,048,000
The country above the Ens, in-
cludirg ;-he Tnnivertel anul the
portions of the Uunsruckvier-
tel, newly united,
208.6
628,000
Duchy of Slyria, ^
399
789,100
of Carinthia
190
278,000
of C'irniol'i with Tdria
190
377,000
County and principality of the
Tvrol, with the tribunal of
Wells, and the lordships of the
Veralberg, excepting that of
Weiier,
514
692,000
Duchy of Salzburgh, without the
districts of Luffon,Trisendorf,
Titmanning and Wagen, for
the portions situated on the
left bank of the rivers Salzuch
and Saal,
162.8
164,000
2. States of Bohemia —
Kingdom of Bohemia, with the
districts of Egra and Asch,
951.4
3,203,000
Marrravate of Moravia, with the
Austrian part of the duchy of
Silesia,
551.8
1,708,000
3. Kingdom of Galicia, including
the iiuckcvine and the district
of Tarnopol, recently reunited
thereto,
1,514
3,645,000
4. Kingdom of Hungary, with the
provinces rind districts of the
kingdom of Sclavoniaand Cro-
atia,
4,112
7,900,000
5. Grand duchy of Transylvania,
with its annexed military fron-
tier,
1,046.8
1,660,000
6. Kingdwnof7)almutia, with the
district of Ragusa and Cattaro,
304
315,000
7. The Lumbar da-Venetian King-
dom, divided into the govern-
ments of Lombarcly &. Venice,
830.4
4,290,000
8. The countries of the Austrian
military frontier in Croatia. —
Command'ier.s of Carlstadt and
Wravxlin,
231
295,000
Ilannat frontier*,
47.3
95,000
Frontier province of Sclavonia,
135
230,000
Hungarian Bannet,
Military frontier of Transylvania
145
171.UOJ
37,000
Total,
12,046
27,656,000
The German square mile is equal nearly to seven.
een English square miles— the mile being rather
nore than four miles English — the present extent
of Austria, 12,046 German square miles, is there-
fore equal to 204,782 English square miles, with a
population of 27,656,000 souls. And it would ap-
pear, that although by her wars she lias lost a ter-
itory of about 22,000 square miles, she has gained
i population of nearly a million of people. But
there are many considerable differences, as to the
extent and population (•? the same districts, given
n the different statements, which \ve have not the
Tieans to pass judgment upon, much less to correct.
We, however, believe that the.statementof baron de
Lichtenstein may be accepted as the best at- count
hat can be had of the present state of that monar-
British Parliament.
Lord Althorpe, on the night of the 7th ult. in the
British house of commons, brought forward his pro-
posed motion for the appointment of a committee
to enquire into the increase or diminution of offices
and salaries since the year 1798, with power to re-
port to the house, from time to time, whether any,
and what further diminution might be made, con-
sistent with public safety; and was supported by
the whole strength of the opposition, as well as by
several members who voted indifferently. The
numbers were thus swelled on a division to 126 for
the motion, and against it 169.
On this subject, lord Castlereagh, in reply to Mr.
Lambe and others, observed, if he thought that the
gentlemen about him (Mr. Lambe) for their econo-
my, or for any thing else, possessed more of the
confidence of the nation, in God's name let him
bring this to some practical test — let this bu
done, and if the result were such as he, Mr. Lambe,
might expe«t it would be, let the present minis-
ters retire; but he hoped they would not be foe
a moment continued in their places, after that
confidence had been withdrawn, which the execu-
tive government ought always to possess — (hear,
hear!) - The protection which was afforded them
from responsibility lie spurned; he disdained to co-
ver himself by adopting the course recommended,
and he again called upon the honorable gentleman
to bring the question he had raised, to some practi-
cal issue with the least possible delay — (hear, hear,
hear!) — There was no greater delusion practised in
the whole circle of politics than that which was at-
tempted by the honorable gentlem,en opposite,
(and by the honorable and learned gentleman m,
particular) when they endeavored to make the pub-
lic believe that the distress which might be com-
plained of in the country, grew out of the vast sums
paid to persons in office. If the whole amount of
official emoluments were at once swept away from
the expenditure of the nation, it would have little
to do with the question of distress. The people
would suffer in the same degree, whatever arrange-
ment might be made with respect to these. But it
was contended that it was not so much the expense
as the influence of the crown that was to be dread-
ed, when these offices were under the considera-;
tion of the house. He denied that the influence of
the crown had dangerously increased; he shewed
this to have been at no distant period the distinct-
ly avowed opinion of parliament.
Mr. Tierney replied to the noble lord with mark-
ed indignation — "If, said he, he hid ever seen 3.
sense of. danger evinced by the assumption of a, loud
and overbearing- tone ol' voice. If ever he hu'd bcea
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— FOREIGN ARTICLES.
331
i attempt to conceal weakness by an important
mt — If ever lie bad seen a man endeavoring to
ok tall by raising- himself on stilts — and if ever
? had seen a minister conscious that he was going
iwn in public estimation, he had seen it this night
the conduct of the noble lord. The noble lord
iputecl to his opponents a wish to make them-
ilves popular by running the present ministers
nvn. On this he had to ol>scrve, that he and his
lends did not deal in sine-cures, and therefore this
fice would not do for them. It was not the oppo-
i ion in that house, but the country, which called
r economy, as might be seen from the immense
ad of parchment, beneath the weight of which
eir table could hardly stand, which had been for-
arded to them from all quarters, petitioning to
iem for retrenchment and relief. It was said they
is!u-d to run a race in courting popular favor. Now
hat. was the fact? The noble lord had given no-
se of his motion for a committee three weeks
:o One of the gentlemen opposite had then giv-
\ -i')ticeof;v motion for the appointment of ano-
er committee, and her;.' the race began; and ought
to be a matter of reproach to his noble friend,
i.'t w''cu lie w.'.s about to mount his horse, ano-
tei 'i.-'iu). '^le member had thought proper to
ount iiia aag xoo (a. kugh.) It now cime out
i at the noi»kj lord opposite thought an enquiry by
committee of tiiut >... m.se was one of the most
tiling's that could be contemplated. He
them that if they voted for the committee
;ey at once withdraw their confidence from him.
e had no confidence to withdraw from the noble
'•d, M he had given him none, but lie thought they
id heard one of the speeches which he, (lord Cas-
creag-u) \vas in the habit of making in private, at
lose d/ills to which a chosen few were admitted,
* whom those measures were communicated which
ere afterwards to corne before the house. These
arsons were then told, when any objectionable
easure was to be pressed on them — "that it might
>t be quite so pleasant as could be wished," but
was added "if you dp not vote for it, you remove
ie government, and then what will you do?" This
rribie threat had been held out out so long that
began to lose its effect. The gentlemen opposite
ied not be much afraid of its being carried into
Feet. They might see from what had occurred
itli respect to the property tax, that ministers
)t very precipitately give up their places. He
o:ild answer for it the noble lord opposite, provided
.e house would h*t him, would be content to sit
i the treasury bench to the end of time — (a laugh)
•Whatever establishments might be voted by the-
)use, large or small, armv or no army, he (lord
astlereagh) and his right "hon. friend the chancel-
r of the exchequer would still be content to re-
ain the ministers of the country, if only a corpo-
1's guard and a bank token remained at their com-
and — (a laug-h.)
Foreign Articles.
We have many reports and rumors, and a great
;al of matter from France ; which only shew the
isettled state of the country, the numerous arrests
it made, and the like.
A report prevailed in France that the Neapolitan
•incess designed for the wife of the duke of Berri,
id been captured by the Alg-erines. There was no
rt of probability of it — but, if it had happened
iat this woman had been carried into captivity,
)at a foolish, noise we should have had about, "it
from those who heedlessly hear of whole families
.kidnapped by the barbarians.
The Mood of the poor. The portrait of the duke
of Rerri, enriched with diamonds of the value of
70,000 ducats has been presented to the princess
Charlotte of Naples.
Didier, a prominent person in the insurrection at
Grenoble, not being caught, it was decreed —
Art. 1. The inhabitants of the house in which sni<!
Didier shall be found, shall be delivered up to a
military commission for summary punishment.
2. Whoever shall deliver him up, dead or alive,
shall receive a reward of 3,000 francs.
Lord Kinnaird) in a letter to the earl or* Liver-
pool, declares that there are now in France nintf-^ii
thousand prisoners for state offences! This looks
like a renewal of the horrors of the Basti'e.
A Paris paper says : — The criminal court of Istrift,
comdemned to the penalty of death, 'lie cunte of
Opso, Tomaz; and two of his associates, for havr.g
assassinated the widow of Gilrnia, aged 59, v.- K>
had given up her property to the said T-vmaz. .MI
condition of his providing for her maintenance It
results from the details of his trial, that Tomrir. ':
promised 300 florins to Zebro and Zuppino, v.
der this unhappy widow: and that, whi.e tl"
a succession of blows, were consummating
rible crime, the priest, dressed in his
habits, with one hand gave the beaedio
victim, exhorting her to die wt-li ;
other exciting the zeal of her mur;:
hanged, after being- deprived of his
The Paris papers say, the !;<•
been abused, lie intends to shut
He may want it opened for hi:.
Among the other late trL1
justice at Paris, is one whif .
lar interest, in consequence of its corn
the private history of >v ;-.
ces are briefly these — on the night of the 31st
1815, Bonaparte sent for a broker.,
obtained possession of tivonti,-m.i.:>
sterling of the public money of F;^
was immediately exchanged for d.
in London; and the drafts were p..i
parte was in the Bellerophon. The o< jeci of the
suit was to compel the broker to
amount to the treasury of France. Tiic r •
not yet known.
The people of Smyrna, for attempting to
off the yoke of the Turks, and having failed,
been punished "legitimately."
Spalu. Letters from Bilboa, of 29th April,
ceived in London) mention that deputies froii:
three provinces of Biscay had assembled foi
purpose of agreeing on measures of opposition to
the plan of Ferdinand's ministers, who appear, re-
solved to establish custom houses in Biscay, contra-
ry to the constitution and rights of the provinces
of Biscay, Alaba, and Guipuscoa.
England. At a meeting of the freeholders of the
county of Cornwall, in England, a very patriotic pe-
tition was adopted. It contains the following : "We
cannot think that we can by force of arms compel
the French people to submit to a government not
chosen by themselves, without trampling on the ina-
lienable rights of mankind, without denying the
justice of our own glorious revolution, and i-ni]>eacli-
•iny the title of the house of JBrunswick to the throne
| of these realms."
| Q^Snch language is bccorr.ing very common in
j England.
THE PRINCESS OF WALES. While all is feast and
| froliclr and fun ia England, because the miui.stei'fc
832
WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1816,
Jiiave at last picked up a Dutchman mean enough to London^JWay 6. From Venice we learn that s
he the subject of his wife and violate both the laws cret associations with the rallying word unity, we
of God and of nature, the mother of the woman that
is to be the future queen of the united kingdom,
is traversing the earth and sea like a common vaga-
bond ; seeking and receiving' that hospitality in the
palace of a barbarian that her home and her hus-
band denies her. See the article from Tunis, below.
If, however, the besotted prince should drop off,
we may expect that the younger 'Charlotte will
avenge the wrongs of her mother. She appears ca-
pable of attempting any thing, and there will be high
sport between her and those who so long have king-
ed it over the king and regent of England. Look
out for squalls when "petticoats is master."
By the following, from a London paper, it appears
that the prince regent of England's TI
have a fixed residence in Italy —
still in existence there, in spite of all the vigilant
of the police. The Austrian government is
much afraid of this secret union, that every sp
cies of association has been forbidden under tl
The princess of Wales, senior, has purchased a
beautiful vtlla at Camo, Italy, where she intends 1o
reside, as soon as it is fitted to her taste. In April
severest penalties, thus proving b.y its own act tl
spirit of dissatisfaction that prevails among tl
people.
Private letters from Paris, mention apprehensio:
of further conspiracy. It is even said- .that the Spa
ish leaders lately arrested in Paris, had taken pa
in a plot for the assassination of all the branch
of the Bourbon family, except the duke of Orient
Other letters talk oi' an insurrection for the pr
tended purpose : of expelling .the allies from Franc
•, is about to j and shaking oit the contributions.
Translated for the J'ailaihum. from the Lisbon Gazet
fj
TUNIS, April 17 — Her royal highness the pri
cess of Wales arrived at this port the 3d inst.
an English merchant vessel. This government ir
500 men were employed on the palace and gardens; j mediately determined to receive her with tl
but these five hundred could be hh-ed for what 100 j greatest possible honors — in consequence of th:
would charge in England. The most celebrated I as soon as she came on shore, the forts
charge in Engl:
painters were employed.
(Jj'The poor of England pay <£35,QGO per annuut,
for the support of this wandering vjift. The parlia-
ment offered her 50,000; but, by' an instance of
moderation and self-denial unknown to the name of
the Guelphs, she would consent to receive onh;
(ioletu gave a royal salute, and the palace of tl
bashaw in this city was destined fur her residenc
with a guard of Mamelukes corresponding to h
dignity.
On the 8th, her royal highness went to the Ban
to visit the bashaw, l!:c princess his sons, and tl
£35,000 — being the smalt sum of 155,4'JO dollars i seraglio; and so exerted themselves in shewing- the
per annwji — 'six times as ranch as we pay our pre- attention, that the princes was greatly satish'<
sident. I with her good reception, and very grateful for tl
Grain. The price of grain which so suddenly liberty that had been given, through respect to he
raised in England 50 .per cent, was again as rapidly
railing to its former price.
THE LATE SPANISFI cojiTES. — From the Utica Ga-
zette. — There was an interesting debate in the Bri-
tish house of commons on the 20th of February, on
the subject of the late transactions in Spain. Mr. prince himself condescending to the Europe;
Brougham endeavored, in a very able speech, to j usages, endeavored to pay all due honors to tl
oonvincathe house of the justice and expediency of j princess.
an interference on the part of England in favor ofj The 12th, her royal highness was to go to
cortcs \vlio Tnotf^jri r»r* <sn!pnr!i/i K^n/inc** *n A/TnmiKn n*n«*^A«t or^rj •noio/»*>
to several slaves.
The 10th, her royal highness vent to see tl
ruins of Utica; took refreshments and spent ti
night in a handsome country-seat, that the son
the bashaw, Sadi Mnstapha, has in that place; th
tliosc
of
"heing rewarded for their services in the cause of
Ferdinand, are suffering the most degrading and
cruel punishments from that unrelenting- bigot.
The spee.ch furnishes some important facts rela-
tive to the conduct of the English towards the cortes.
It is asserted, that the British general Whittingham
advanced to Madrid before the Spanish tyrant, and
splendid banquet in Manuba, garden and palace
the bashaw, when there appeared in the mornir
at anchor at the bar of Goletta, an English flee
consisting of 6 ships of the line, one of them at'nn
decker, two frigates, one corvette, five brigs, 01
schooner and three transports, commanded by tl
admiral lord Exmouth, and by the rear admir
Penrose. The princess manifested that she hi
surrounded the cortes -with troops in EnglisJi pay; \ nothing to do with political :t4J'tirs, and that si
. after which "the proscribed list was brought for
ward, and the cortes, with two of the regency, were
arrested and cast into dungeons." "But even here
(said Mr. U.) our co-operation did not end. Pay and
clothing had subsequently been advanced to the
wished to attend to the invitation of the basha1
which was done, and to her great satisfaction si
was received ;;nd entertained with the hjghe
marks of consideration and respect by all the soi
of the bashaw and the whole court of Bardo, dres
loi
amount of half a million. He doubted not that g%e- ed with the greatest splendor and elegance.
neral Whittingham had his instructions for -what he\ On the 13th, in the morning, the admiral
did." Mr. J8. considered the suffering of the patriots Exmouth, went on shore, and proceeded
as calling for the interference of the English govern- : utely, accompanied by the English consul, to tl
inent. He mentioned the case of a poor tradesman ' Bardo. He had an audience of the bashaw, and clu
whom one of the tribunals had sentenced to four i ing a conference of two hours he insisted on tl
years imprisonment for having promoted political J following pretensions:
discussions. On seeing this sentence, Ferdinand ex-
claimed, "What! only foiir years imprisonment fa* Q
\vretch ivho had presumed to speak in public on poli-
in pu
the
man who
tics and immediately sentenced
was a cripple, to be hanged.
A pleasant anecdote of Oliver Cromwell is related
:n this speech, who, when a Spanish ambassador
represented the inquisition and the colonial trade
to be his master's two eyes, replied, "then J ?inst
imublc iionr master to pat out his tv>9 <?>""."."
1st. The liberty of all the slaves without e:
ception — 2d. An exemplary- punishment of the T1
nisian commander, who, with two corsairs, con
mittcd the last invasion on the island of St. Anti
co under the English flag, notwithstanding the pr<
mise that he had' made a few days before to the cor
mander of an English vessel- that he would not a
tempt any landing — 3d. That they would no moi
make slaves, and only prisoners of war; and 4t
That they phould .settle a pcnre \vith his SiciU<
KILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— COUNTERFEIT! NO.
333
Majesty, and with his Sardinian majesty, by the me-
diation of England.
These conditions could not fail of producing sur-
irise and anger in the bashaw; therefore he instant-
ly answered that he did not fear threats, and that
le would endeavor to repel force by force; but af-
;er a moment of reflection, he said, he would re-^
'use nothing to her royal highness the princess of
Wales, and that he was disposed to grant to her
:he Sardinian slaves, if it should be agreeable to
icr to accept them. The admiral in-.isted that they
should be granted to him and not to the princess.
I'he bashaw likewise observed that general Mail-
land, when he passed through this place, shewed
the powers he had of his royal highness the prince
regent to treat upon political affairs with the states
)fliarbary, and that he himself positively declared
:hat the intentions of the English government were,
lot to intermeddle with any affairs but that of his
j\vn nation: Consequently he presumed that lord
Exmouth could only now be a negociator as to the
rtates of the king of Naples and of that of Sardi-
nia, and that he must have instructions posterior
Lo those of the French consul, in order to cause
him to suspend his negociations The admiral cut
short these reasonings, declaring that if in twenty*
four hours he did not grant him what he demanded,
he would pursue another method to obtain his pur-
pose, and went away.
Having arrived in Tunis he proceeded to visit
her royal highness, who intended to go the follow-
ing day to an ancient temple, about twelve leagues
distant from Tunis, at a place called Zaguan. In
consequence of the conference that took place, her
royal highness ordered immediately that her bag-
g'ag'e and attendants should be embarked.
The bashaw being informed of so sudden a de-
termination, sent word to her royal highness, that
whatever might by the result of the serious differ-
ences that he had with the admiral of her nation,
those would in no manner have any influence up-
on the attention due her royal person, and that she
might without the least fear, continue to reside in
that country, being assured of ever being treated
with the utmost distinction and respect. In the
same afternoon, the princess being with the admi
ral, the orders and instructions of the French con-
sul, relative to the affairs of Naples were exhibit-
ed to them. It seems that lord Exmouth regretted
much the like dispositions which thwarted his
views.
On the 14th, at the end of the 24 hours, the
bashaw sent his answer to the admiral, stating that
he would by no means yield by force the Neapoli-
tan slaves, because the court of Naples itself offer
ed him a ransom through the medium of the Frencl:
consul. Measures were immediately taken by the
English consul to cause all captains, merchants, am
other persons that resided there to go on board the
vessels, and the ships and frigates were placed in
a line of battle. On the other side the Tunisian
gun-boats and the batteries of Golleta were getting
ready. In this confusion the soldiery began to givi
signs that, as soon as the first gun 'should be'dis
charged, the situation of all the Christians woulc
be very grievous, for they would be sacrificed.
Hou-cver, lord Exiuouth requested another audi-
ence ofthe bashaw for the following day, (April 15)
at 6, A. M. He had for an answer, that that being
an inconvenient li^ur he could not receive him, and
it was deferred till 8, and in the mean tilne the En
glish continued u> prepare in order to depart. The
princess was also the next morning to go on board
Her royal higiuess regretted very' much that these
events should oblige her to such a precipitate de-
larlure, without being able to take leave of, and.
express her thanks to the bashaw, who defrayed
he daily expences ofthe princes, from the day that*
she deigned to inhabit his palace.
On the 16th, the admiral went to see the bashaw,
.ving already at this time written a letter to the
French consul, informing him that he wished him
lot to continue his negociation for the ransom
of the Neapolitan slaves. In short, after the most
serious and warm discussions, lord Exmouth ob-
tained the liberty, \vii/iotit any ransom, of the Sar-
linian captives, and under the promise of a present,
:he Neapolitan captives were also set at liberty; the
bashaw condescending finally to admit the media-
tion of England, in order to settle a definitive
peace between his Sicilian majesty and his Sardini,
an majesty with that regency.
No mention is made of th'e unfortunate Romans
and Tuscans, who are groaning in the servitude of
Tunis.
Counterfeiting.
Extract from the charge of President Judge Porte* ^
to the grand jury of Berks county, in Pennsylvania,
" A fatal error seems to prevail that a person
receiving a counterfeit bank note in payment as a.
genuine or good one, has a right to pass it although
informed, before uttering it, that it is a counterfeit-
1 should think that an honest mind would instantly
perceive that such a transaction would be fraudulent
and improper. Our right over our own actions is
restrained in respect of mankind by the natural
duties of justice. Justice or fair dealing; or, in
other words, a disposition to treat others as wo
would be treated by them, is a virtue of the first
importance, and inseparable from the virtuous
character. It is the cement of society, or that
pervading spirit which connects its members, in-
spires its various relations, and maintains the order
and subordination of each part to the whole; without
it society would become a den of thieves, rascals and
villains — hating and hated, devouring and devoured
by one another. Our religion tells us that we arc
to do unto all men as we would that men should do
unto us. As we don't like to be cheated by a false-
note, we should not therefore cheat others with
it. The practice ef passing- counterfeit notes with
knowledge, violates every rule of honesty and of
morality; ^nd it is a crime which the laws of
Pennsylvania require to be punished with severity..
A person convicted of being concerned in printingy
signing or passing any counterfeit notes purporting"
to be certain bank notes, knowing1 them to be coun-
terfeit, or altering such genuine notes, may be sen-
tenced to undergo a servitude in the penitentiary
or work-house of Philadelphia, for 15 years, and
also fined to the amount of $1000. In fact, the
infamous business of counterfeiting and passing,
knowing the same to be counterfeit, is full of.
danger and is highly penal in this commonwealth.
Our law books inform us that upon the words "know-
ing the same to be forged," it has been resolved,
that if A. tells 13. that such a deed is false and for-
ged, and yet ]J. will after pronounce or publish the
same to be a true deed, if the deed proves to be
forged. U. is within the danger ofthe statute again.
— The uttering a forged order for the payment of
money under a false representation, is evidence of
knowing it to be so forged.
The court would advise every person, deceived
by a false note, to prosecute the individual who
it i\s good, if such individual knew it to be
334 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JULY 13, 18 1C,
false at the time. Such knowledge may be proved
by the facts and circumstances of the transaction.
If passed innocently, let the amount be restored,
and let the counterfeit note be crossed, so that il
may not deceive any other person. If it should
prove to be true, the bank will be obliged to pay it
altho* crossed."
CHRONICLE.
Hampshire. The legislature of this state has
rescinded the \i\\ejudiciary law, and the judge* are
released from prison, and sent on board the Mtu,?'
donian, ten English and several French prisoners
confined at St. Martha. 'Die Englishmen were put
on board a British vessel, the T&y, winch arrived
the next day for the purpose of demanding their re-
lease; the Frenchmen came in the Macedonian to
the United States."
MACKEUEL. It is stated, upon good authority,
that mackerel are at this time caught in great abun-
dance in the bay of Delaware. Several fishing smackf
have returned to- Philadelphia, with f-.ill cargoes.
VACCINATION- ix HATTT. Prince Maunders, an in-
telligent blackman, well known in Boston, is sprenl-
removed by joint address — the charter" of Dart- j ing vaccination through Ifnyti. He has been Ire. t-
month college is modelled anew; David L. Morri1,\ ed like a prince by king Henri/.
(rep.) is elected a senator of the United States, af- Died, at Beaufort, S. C. on the 30th instant, P:t;il
ter the 6th of March next, vice Wm. Thompson, Hamilton, esq. late secretary of the navy of the U. S.
(fed.); Electors of president and vice president are He was a warm-hearted and benevolent man.
to be chosen by a general ticket in November.
A horse thief, refusing to stop, was shot dead in
the mountain near Wiikesbarre, Pa. by his pursuer.
Specie. From the frequent notice of the arrival
of specie in the United States, we have hopes that
the "silver age" may soon be restored.
The ports of Cadiz and Havana are closely block-
aded by South American privateers — three from
Buenos Ayres off the former, and about a dozen
Carthaginians off the latter, carrying terror and dis-
may into the hearts of Ferdinand's slaves, by many
valuable captures. It seems the whole Spanish navy
Promotion. Midshipman John If. Graham, of Sew cannot furnish vessels to drive them off! It is with
York, to the rank of acting lieutenant. This officer
was wounded in the night attack made on the Bri-
tish batteries opposite. Black Rock, by parties of
our sailors and soldiers commanded by capt. Jln-
ffimof the navy, andcript. A'm^-of the army, Sec. 8cc.
Mr. Graham, in that very brilliant achievement, lost
a leg.
The body of Swiss, coming to the United States,
are from Basle. At our last accounts from them,
they were passing down the Rhine to take shipping
in Holland.
The cropf. We are happy to believe, although
the crops of grain are very short in many places,
yet} on the whole, that the harvest has been near-
ly, if not quite as good as usual, in the U. Stales.
It is stated that the executive council of 'Virgi-
nia has refused to convoke the legislature, before
pleasure we state that every vessel sailing under the
"striped bunting" is treated by them with marked
respect; and although, in some few instances, they
have made forced purchases of provisions, they have
paid liberally for them, and otherwise behaved with
the greatest courtesy.
The tide of emigration to the United States from
Europe flows on rapidly. "We have room enough,
and to spare." Let persecuted and suffering huma-
nity have a resting place here.
The late British post at Appalachicola, within the
Spanish territory ,still kept up by runaway slaves and
hostile Indians, has recently excited considerable
attention in -vestern Georgia. It is thought the
public good requires that the horde should be bro-
ken up — -"peaceably if we can— -forcibly if we must."
Mr. Lee, who, as consul of the United States at
the 15th of Nov. next, to take into consideration (Bordeaux, so long and so faithfully resisted the
the expediency of repealing the law respecting British faction in that city, lias at length retired
specie payments by the banks.
Light-houses of stone or brick, are to be imme-
diately erected on the shores of lake Erie; one at
Buffalo and one at Presqu'isle.
The Newfoundland Journal of May 4, contains
Lhe proclamation of sir Richard Keats, giving no-
tice of the delivery to the French of the islands of
from the very unpleasant station, with the most
ardent thanks of his countrymen for his services.
Mr. 11. Wilson, of Baltimore, appointed consular
agent, -at Nantz, has been denied an acknowledg-
ment by the duke of Richlieti, on account of his
political opinions. Mr. Wilson, it seems, resisted
the payment of a tax levied upon him, to assist iu
St. Pierre sai& Miquekn, and of the re-admission of paying the allies for "delivering" France!
the subjects of Franco to the same right of tishingi We r
enjoyed by them onthe'coayt ^r'the inland of New-
foundland, on the 1st of Jan. ITJ2. in pursuance of
:-eaty of pence of Nov. 20, 1S15.
The Macedonian frigate, c.-ptr.in IVarrington, ar-
j-ived m Annapolis roads, on Friday evening last,
from Carthagena, having on board Christopher
JTnghes, jun. esq. of Baltimore, who went out to
demand the release of our citizens held as prison-
ers by the royalisis, j-.nd to claiui a restoration of
their property unlawfully seized. In the first, he en-
tirely succeeded, and brought, home with him the
but in the other he totally failed, the Spa-
niards refu.singjo restore the properly.
The Federal Gazette observes — "It will be as
jiighly gratifying- to every American to know, as
live ojrcumatance is honorable to Mr. Hughes, tha'
V/hilai employed iu obtaining- the release of his o\vn
egret to believe that many really
essels are engaged in the slave trade, under riprt-"
lisli colors. We would much rather hear that they
were helping to haul down the Spanish colors.
The period fixed for the payment of specie by the
banks of Virginia, is looked to with great anxiety
by the trading classes in that state. We wish the
ime had been a little longer delayed — yet it ought
to come, to relieve the people from the harpies
that prey upon their labor in the "shaving" of notes,
issued by banking institutions and/orm/ into circu-
lation. It is the poor and the needy that sufler.
jUexanilria,Jnly 10.— Justice Hoffman decided on
Monday last, that all the stockholders of unincor-
porated banks were partners, bound jointly and se-
verally, to pay all such paper as might be issued by
the company or representatives of such company.
This was a "case wherein Alexander Sangster was
'-.ountrymen fro m a confinement where they had ex- plaintiff and certain stockholders o
)f the Merchants'
pcrieivsed so much cruelty, he was not unmindful
of the unfortunate conduion of others .similarly ->i-
At, hv- re-ouest. the Spanish government av>d stockholder of the Real Estate Bank, andean-
defendants. Yesterday the plaintiff was put
tpon defence before the same court, as a director.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-CHRONICLE.
335
"*!ssed judgment. This appears to be one of Mr.
Jefferson's unprofitable contests, "trying who can
Io each other the most harm." [BeraUt.
West India Politics.— \ very unpleasant sensatio
ippears to have prevailed throughout the British
West India Islands, in consequence of a bill having
been introduced into
the house of commons to
prevent the smuggling of negroes, by causing a
registry to be kept of all the slaves in the d liter-
ent Islands. The proposition assumed by the bill,
"to prevent the smuggling of slaves," is not the
ground of complaint, as the colonists acknowledge
that the abolition of the slave trade is not only a
wise, humane and just measure, but actually pro-
motive of their interests. Nevertheless they declare
their determination never to recognize the right
of the mother country to interfere without theii
consent; and they view the bill as an attempt <~"
ightened FAIU of South Carolina, must be as grati-
ying to our state, as it can be to the HEHO for whose
lonor it wixs designed.
ToirroLA, MAT 27, 1816.
First bulletin of (he emancipating army of Vent zuel(?,t
The expedition from Aux Cayes, planned by the.
captain general Bolivar, and under the command
of admiral Louis Brion, sailed on the 31st March,
from that port.
After a very favorable voyage, they made tire
islands Tortigus on the 1st of May, and the heights
of Marguerita the day lifter, when a topsail schooner
and a brig were descried, whereupon the admiral
Ordered the squadron, for the purpose of detaching
those vessels from the shore, and to ascertain from
whence they sailed, to pursue them : this being ef-
fected, the line of battle was formed and the national
the part of the* British government to exercisejflag nailed to the main mast. The commandant,
such a rig-lit. Conventions of the legislative au- .followed the brig and schooner, the latter being a
*5 1 , • « . -IT-' ------ - _
t'borities have generally been held, and resolutions
expressive of the sentiments of the colonies, have
been adopted. Their language and sentiments are
bold and spirited, evincing a degree of firmness not
inferior to what the American people displayed in
a. similar situation and under similar grievances.
Norfolk Herald.
London, on the 2d of May, after
making a deal of fuss about it, Mr. George L. Co-
burg, to Miss Charlotte Jl. Gitelph, daughter of Mr.
«ieorge F. Guelph, commonly called the prince re-
gent of England. — R. 1. Republican.
VASE TO REN. JACKSON. From the Southern Patriot.
We had the satisfaction of exhibiting in our office
this morning, the elegant VASK intended as a pre-
sent to general JACKSON, by the ladies of South Ca-
rolina. It was received by the Georgia packet, ar-
rived last evening from Philadelphia. It is not in
our power to do justice to the appropriate design
and exquisite execution of this specimen of art. A
slight description, however, is attempted.
The body of the vase is about 15 inches high,
mounted on a pedestal of 5 inches — the width from
handle to handle 16 inches. The proportion and
harmony of its parts strike the eye at a single
glance. The supporters are four eagles' claws — on
three sides of the pedestal are eagles in basso-re-
lievo. On the front is a sketch of that GREAT BATTLE
which throws all other victories into shade, and
above it the expressive words
"JE10I1TH OF JAXfAHT, 1815."
On each corner of the pedestal, is a spread eagle,
in frosted silver, grasping a thunderbolt. The vase
then rises with a bold swell, and of a polish equal
to the most perfect mirror — ornamented on the bor-
better sailer hauled her wind, when the schooners
general Marino, Jupiter, and Conejo, chased her,
the other vessels following the admiral in chase of
the brig.
At 11, the schooner Constitution attacked the
t>ng on
the larboard side and the Commandant
co-operated on the starboard, the brig making a
vigorous defence with great guns and musquHry;
in a very short time the enemy was dismantled,
but continued to resist with great tenackmsness.
At this moment, the admiral being wounded, the
captain Renato Keluch took the command of the
Commandant and of the squadron. That vessel
thereupon, under a dreadful fire, boarded the ene-
my, wrho unavailingly, endeavored to repulse us,
but our valiant sailors having taken possession of
the quarter deck, obliged the enemy to retire to the
hold, and struck the Spanish flag. The captain
was found dead in the cabin, having received a
shot through the head, as were also the lieutenant
and surgeon; on the decks and in the hold there
were 42 killed and 31 wounded, besides a num-
ber who jumped overboard and were drowned.
The brig is a man of war, called the Intrepido of
14 eighteen pounders, among which were six brass
culverins, and she had on board 140 men, her com-
mander was lieutenant of the Iglesi.t frigate.
At 5 P. M. after exchanging a few broadsides,
the schooner struck her colors to the general
Marino just as the latter was in the act of board-
ing her, the captain was badly wounded, and we
found 16 of the men killed and wounded. She
is a king's schooner, called the Rita, mounting
one long- 18 on a swivel, two 24 pound carronudts,
and two double fortified 18 pounders., with a crexv
der, with a circle of laurel. The handles are two • of 20 men, her commander was second lieutenant of
curled serpents, terminating a double head. On
one side of the vase are the arms of South Caroli-
na ; on the other, this inscription :
"Presented by the Ladies of South Carolina to major-general
Andrew Jackson.
The cover is of polished silver surmounted with
a large spread eagle, in frost, resting' on a ball and
cannon. The beauty of this elegant piece of work-
the frigate Mateo Campo.
On our side there were only '-i board the Com.
mandant /killed and 8 wounded, among the former
was that brave officer Barthelemi. The General
Marino had two men slightly wounded.
The admiral and captain Beluch, conducted th em-
ail d
their
^ »*v*ii»Ai «A tllAVA V-,l.jy LaJlI IJV_JVH^U9 lAJHKJAlV/l^Vfc VII V,IJ J
selves in this day's battle with all that bravery am
ability which were justly to be expected from thei
manship, consists not only in the minute perfection j judgment awe1 vidor; and the captain general, highly
of its parts — but in the general and striking effect j satisfied therewith, has raised the "former to the
produced upon the beholder from the harmouv of
the whole. The polish of the work is such, that
rank of admiral, and the latter, to that of captain.
The officers and the cr'-.v>'.> dig-aged in the actions,
all its ornaments are multiplied by refection — Kiidj acquitted themselves in a most satisfactory manner,
gives it a richness beyond description. j and the remainder regretted their not having me-.
The weight of the whole is 14tos. |0e.t. the work-,1 the <:nemy to combat with.
maiitihip is by Fktcher &nd Gardiner, of Philadelphia. The events of this day have terminated the
The design »nd execution do honor to the artists,] Blockade of the jid'rth side of this island, the o:ily
.xttt tJie object fur v»h:r-$; it is intended by ~tfee eu- fuvoj parted it, ?;,r.vi ;)«.<- f..llca iulo ciur
336 NILES' -WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 13, 181G.
hands, which would have been the case with as
many as might have attempted to oppose us.
Head-quarters, north city of Marguerita, 3d May, 1816.
SANTIAGO MARIXO, major. general
SECWND BFI.T.ETIIV
Gives an account of the flattering reception the
squadron met with at North city, and of the visit
paid them by general Arismendi. It also states
that the royalists evacuated the place on the 2d
inst. with such precipitancy, that they left their
arms and provisions, and our warriors occupied all
their posts on the 3d, without firing a musket. The
city of Assumption presents a melancholy spectacle
of desolation; the royalists have not left one stone
above another, every building has been consumed
by fire.
On the 6th, the independent squadron com-
inenced the blockade of Pampatar. The enemy
were fortifying themsolve.->, but would soon have to
:hoose the alternative of submitting- or perishing.
Head-quarters, north city of Marguerita, 8th May, 1816.
SANTIAGO MARINO, ma jvr general.
Adjutant and Inspector-general's Offi<
July 8, 1816.
GEXERAl ORflER.
The regulations of May 2, 1814, relative to ser-
vants, are so far changed, by the act of April 24,
1816, that officers of the army will be entitled to
private waiters as follows, viz:
Major-generals, four.
Brigadier-generals, three.
Colonels, lieut. colonels, majors and hospital sur-
geons, two.
All other commissioned officers, one each, except
company officers while serving with their company,
when they will be allowed only a soldier of the line
sach as a waiter.
The pay account of the officer must set forth the
name and description of each private servant charg-
ed, on which the officer will certify that he was
actually kept and employed in service accordingly.
By order of the secretary of war,
D. PARKER, adjt. and insp. gen.
INTERIOR TRADE. — The house of Pentland, Higlns
& Steele, of Detroit., advertises for sale— 1500 bbls.
of flour; 350 do. salted pork; 80 do. do. beef; 350
do. first quality Monongahela whiskey. Detroit
<vill soon become a place of great trade.
MAPLE SUGAR. — From the Plattsburg Republican —
The board of assessors of the town of Plattsburg
have taken an estimate of the quantity of sugar made
the last season, by each individual assessed — which
gives an aggregate of sixty-four thousand pounds.
Much of this sugar is of a quality not inferior to
Muscovado — which is selling at 25 cents per pound.
At ah average of sixteen cents, the sugar made in
town would amount to something more than ten
thousand dollars.
LAKK COMMERCE — In our paper of the 8th inst. we
noticed the arrivals and clearances at the ports of
Biijf'ulu and Leiuisto~v)i, as contained in the Niagara
Journals? the 18th ult. The next week's paper gives
the usual list — and at the two ports there arrived
schooners, 1 sloop and 2 bouts — and cleared, 1 brig,
4 schooners and 2 boats. We mention the subject
again merely to shew that our former notice of the
subject contained nothing extraordinary.
S TKA:>I — One of the editor's most esteemed fri*nds,
referring to ournotice of the introduction of stean
in England, for the purpose of family washings of
clothes, states, that it has been so used in France fo
several years past; from whence it was introduced
frij,o the tovrn where he lives ten yearsago, and boil-
ers erected, &c. But it failed, except in one or tu o
instances, by the prejudices of the women in favor
of the mode in which their mothers performed this
important and laborious part of housewifery. Thus
it is, that almost every invention has to undergo the'
ordeal of an age, before old habits are eradicated;
no matter how obvious the advantages they offer
may be.
It is stated in a New-York paper, that "a steam-
-washer, an American patent invention, had been
some time in use in that city. It was introduced a
year or two since, and is said to answer its intended
purpose extremely well."
We may observe, en passant, that the English have
a happy knack of applying the inventions of others
to their own use, as something new; and that their
pretensions to discovery are ably supported by the
national pridf. The quadrant, invented by a Phila-
delphian, is a remarkable instance of this— fifty
other things might be mentioned in a breath;—
among them, we might say something about gnu
lights, to be used for the lighting of cities.
PRICES CURRENT.— The following article, from thr;
Ohio Monitor, presents a curious contrast of prices
in the different parts of that state. The high prices
at certain places, is owing to the improvements not
keeping pace with the rapid rise of population, and
consequent demand. In the oft/parts of the state —
that is, such as have been settled 10, 15 or 20 years,
the prices are low enough indeed.
a pj co ca **5 o
m yq C P 5- o
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v'm
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re
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cr
1
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£»-§
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••3a~i3Sdii untpuj 'fijisnpung janwj
£>~5
to ' b £
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•-» O
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£' 2s
Kiuno3 9uvain}9(f '^zMinpf/
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^to £
Iiiuno3 uyyuvaj fuo)£it}i/}Mji
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£«0,£ #G
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tljunoz fivamyoij- 'ffftjaspjif)
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Ut C O> Oi -U
BLUE LAWS. The "Blue Laws of Connecticut'*
have often been a source of merriment to the citi-
zens of the present day. But it is not generally
known, that some of the ^arly acts of the legisla-
ture of Pennsylvania are equally queer..* About the
year 1683 or 1684, the legislature of Pennsylvania
passed a resolution that "no member thereof should
come to the house barefoot or eat Ids bread and :
on Ite stef>".
NIL-MS' WEEKLY REGISTER.
No. 21 "V VOL. X.]
BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1816.
[WHOLE NO. 255.
Hue oliin meminisse juvabit. — VIHBIL.
F3UNTE7) ANlt PUBI.1SHKI) BY H. WILES, AT THE HEAD OF CHEJL?SIUE, AT g5 PKU ANNUM.
Caracas, or Venezuela.
We proceed with the proposed series of sketches of
"Spanish America," according to the best iufor-
•mation possessed, by giving some account of the
very interesting provinces of Caracas or Vene-
zuela. "VVe regret exceedingly that we have not
the means of detailing the progress of the revo-
lution, which, for several years, has agitated this
country, and produced the most bloody wars, for
the numbers engaged in them, of modern times.
The priests and royalists began the work of
extermination, and, unhappily, it has been too
much the rule of both parties to continue it. —
During this period, the government has changed
hands several times— it was lately royal, but
.liolivar,' we trust, has "restored" the republic.
Xo doubt, also, many changes have taken place in
the state and condition of the people since the
date of the work we have briefly abstracted. But,
with considerable en
qmry,
we are unable to add
much that can be relied on.
Mr. Depon's work is the only one on this subject
;hat we can -»esort to — we shall therefore sketch
lastily the most prominent features from his full
iml able description.
The captain-generalship,* or as it is sometimes
;alled the province, of Caracas, consists of the pro-
.'mces of Venezuela, Maracaibo, Varinas, Guiana,
Uumana and the isle of Margarita. It extends along
'he coast from 61 to 75 deg. long, west from Paris;
md from 12 north lat. to the equator. It is bounded
in the land side by Guiana and New Grenada, and
ies between the mouths of the Oronoco and cape
:lfe la Vela.
It is the region of the once celebrated El Dorado,
md is the place selected by Las Casas for the trial
)f his scheme to civilize the Indians. Blessed by
>eing destitute of precious metals* at the same time
,hat it is eminently fruitful) and incomparably more
salubrious than any of the neighboring districts.
The heat is moderated by a chain of mountains
vhich traverses the country from west to east —
rom the lake of Maracaibo to the isle of Trinidad.
Phe seasons are divided into wet and dry, as in
»ther tropical regions. The rainy season begins in
I Fay" and ends in December: while it lasts there is
•ain three hours a day at an average.
The productions are cacao, which is esteemed
he best in the world, except that of Soconasco.
luligo, which is inferior to that of Guatimala, but
15 per cent, better than that of any other country.
Cotton, cofifee, sugar and tobacco. Besides, there
s an immense variety of natural productions, some
f which would require only the trouble of collect-
neal is not attended to except for their own use
There is more sassaparilla than all Europe could
consume; liquorice is in abundance, particularly at
Truxillo, the squill in Sagunetas, storax in Cora,
aloes in Carara, a species of quit
mountains, and cassia almost even
are above twenty kinds of exquisitely beautiful
woods for cabinet work, that admit of finer polish
than the best mahogany. Of these the most esteem-
ed is the Chacarandy.
The lake of \taracaibo is 150 miles in circum-
ference and communicates with the sea. At its
qumqu
erv vvh
uma on the
ere. There
north-east corner there is a very copious spring- of
mineral pitch; and from this there is a constant ex-
halation of inflamable vapors which are phaphares-
cent during the night and serve as a beacon to
those who navigate the lake.
Porto Cabello is the best harbor on this coast, or
in America. Guayra, the harbor of Caracas, is the
most frequented. In the gulph of Paria there is
good anchorage.
The whole population of Caracas is estimated at
728,000 souls, of which 500,000 belong to the pro-
vinces of Venezuela and Varinas, 100,000 to Mara-
caibo, 80,000 to Cumana, 34,000 to Spanish Guiana
and 14,000 to the isle of Margarita: The whites
form one-fifth of this population, the slaves three-
tenths, the free people of color twelfths and the
Indians one-tenth.
There are few Europeans here, as the Spaniards
are not permitted to visit their American settle-
ments without a license from the king, which cannot
be obtained unless the object of the journey is
known and approved by the council of the Indies.
The license is generally limited to two years, as a
leave to settle is not obtained without the greatest
difficulty. Even the Creoles sent to Spain for their
education cannot return without a license, and a
passport to one province does not authorise the
bearer to go to another.
These severe but ill-executed laws were dictated
in part by political fears and jealousies} but their
principal source was in that spirit of monastic re-
gulations; in those maxims of religions bigotry and
austerity, which have been so long cultivated* with
such mischievous effects in Spain. Instead of re-
garding its colonies as places of refuge for the idle,
the dissolute, and the disaffected, where they
might learn to amend their lives and forget their
errors; the Spanish court watched over their foreign
settlements with the solicitude of a duenna, and
regulated their government as if they were to be
inhabited by Carthusians. TsTo Spaniard could get
permission to go to America without a certificate
of his monl and religious character, and an attes-
ng them. Among those is the Vanilla, the fruit of a j tation that none of his forefathers, for three genera-
limbing plant like ivy, which is worth 100 francs
>er pound; and the province of Venezuela itself,
night afford 10,000 weight annually. Wild cochi-
*The Spanish possessions in America are divided
nto four vice-royalties, Mexico, Peru, Buenos
(yreB and New Grenada and into five captain-ge-
•alships, Porto Rico, Cuba, Guatimala, Caracas and
Miili. The captain-general is inferior in dignity to
he vice-roy, but quite independent of his authority.
VOL. X
back, had been condemned by the inquisition,
even to carry the infamous sanbendto.
The education of boys attracts little attention at
the city of Caracas, but that of the girls is wholly
neglected. They learn nothing but what their pa-
rents teach them, and the whole of that consists in
knowing how to say their prayers, to read ill and to
write worse.
As to the men, their ignorance of all useful know-
ledge can only h? equalled by theti* contempt, for
338
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1SIG.
:dl useful occupations. The cure of their estates is] but that evil is all owing1 to the inattention of th«
esteemed beneath their notice, and they hold all police, and might easily be remedied. The popula-
tions in disdain, except the la\v, the army < tion of Cumana is estimated at 21,000, and of Bar-
and the church. Family pride of the lowest and j cclona at 14,000.
illiberal cast i.s ilieir ruling paf&ion. Thepco-j Margarita is a possession of little or no value in
itself; but. in the hands of an enemy it might do in-
calculable mischief, by intercepting the trade be-
tween Caracas and Spd>i.
Maracaibo is hot but healthy. It contains about.
22,OOC souls; many of whom are a number of fami-
lies of decayed nobility, prevented by the prejudices
of their rank from engaging in any* useful occupa-
tions.
Merida is an inland town of the same province,
distinguish c«d by the industry and intelligence of its
inhabitants.
pie of color are the mechanics, but they are poor,
free from any dangerous
in, swarm \vith beggars
in consequence of a mistaken charity, \vliich feeds
citizen;
il, though f
vices. 1'he towns, as in Spai
in consequence of a mi-. I,- he
the proHigaie at the expence of the good citi
The archbishop of Caracas out of his tithes, wrung
iVom tiie industrious cultivator, distributes his
Charity once a week among 1200 vagabonds who
trust to such resource for their livelihood. The
priestly policy of this course is obvious.
Missions to convert the I.idiuns were not esta-
blished until the huddle of the seventeenth century,
arid they still exi-,t — but the missionaries are said
to occupy themse.ves little with the object of their
and to av;:ii themselves only of their
Of General Rules.
every
sary from the mother country, h;,s given immense
extent and profit to their contraband trade, which
not only defrauds the revenue, but degrades and
and depresses commerce. Caracas carries on little
trade with other .Spanish colonies: about 100,000
dollars annually 'a the amount of exports to Cuba
and I'orto IJic.i, and. they receive about 400,000
dollars, iu specie, anuually, by the return ships from
VeraCruz.
With the mother country the exports stand thus:
Prom 179 3" to 1796:
307,819 cwt. of cocoa, at $18 per cwt. §6.620,744
2,955,963 Ibs. of indigo, at 12 reals per lb. 5^172,973
1,498,332 Ibs. of cotton, at *20 per c\vt.
1,325,58-4 Ibs. of coffee, at $12 per cwt.
299,666
159,U7U
From 1797 to 1800:
239,173 cwt. of cocoa, same prices,
793,210 Ibs. of indigo,
-'Hlbs. of «••
1,536,967 IDS. of coifee,
£12,252,415
§4,304,916
1,386,117
566,850
184,435
86,442,318
l.i\ true finances there is generally an annual deficit
which has to be supplied from the other provinces.
We omitted to give any account of the city of
Caracas, because, since the great earthquake, 'the
progress of its resucitation is not well known I is
situation is high and healthy; the heat in the warm
months not being greater than the usual summer
heat of this place, (Baltimore)— and in the winter
months the thermometer is never within ten of the
freezing- point. The population of the city of Ca-
racas was former] \ 40,000; that of Guayra, Us port,
is about 6QOO. A mong the inland towns of Venezuela
they reckor, twelve which contain 1300 to 7000 in-
habitants, besides many villages. Poi-Jo Cabello, on
the coast of Venezuela, is thought to contain 7600
and Coro 10,000 souls.
The province of Cumana is extremely fertile; and
if the Spanish government have the good sense to
wink at the intercaurse of its inhabitants with the
Island of TrinitKd, it is likely to prosper. Cumana
ana Uarcelonji, its principal sea ports, arc i
o rigid to square with my ideas
It is the practice of many stiff old fellows, "the
oppress and defraiid the natives. Some of prudent of this world," to treat every man as a
hem have oy a kind of contraband commerce j r0g,ie unless they have experienced his honesty.—
amassed great we Vids rule is by far too ritjid to square wit
i lie commerce of Caracas is not half so exten-
sive or valuable a.s it would be if relieved from its
oppressive regulations. They pay export duties
about equal to those on imports. The prohibitions
on neutral trade, as they call it, and the impossi-
id'.ity of supplying the colonies wiih every neces-
of right ; though, indeed, 1 have suffered much by
following its opposite, in my course through life.
But I believe there are occasions when this rule
may apply with the strictest propriety : Thus, if I
were before aboard of inquisitors, the "Holy Inqui*
titiuiy" 1 should take ' it for granted that all were
incarnated devils, remorseless and unjust — if among
a band of notorious robbers and assassins, that I had
to fear the loss of my money or my life from each and
every of them— if in a ga'ng of princes, dukes and
lords, that. I was surrounded by knaves or feols ;
and so on with different classes of society — yet
among the inquisitors it is possible (for nothing is
impossible to Cod !) that there might be a merci-
ful and just man — among the robbers and assassins,
some really inclined to virtue — and, in the midst ot'
the baseness and ideocity of the princes, dukes
and lords, a few of honest hearts and respectable
talents. Still the rule would apply without lacking
c/uiritii; and the happiness of making exceptions to
it, (when convinced that exceptions ought to be
made) would be exquisite. The sensitive mind de-
lights to find good where evil only vas expected.
The Jiritish newspapers, and many in the United
States in imitation of them, have been stuffed with
accounts of the separation of lord Byron and his
wife; as though the circumstance was something
ne-iv among the nobility of England ! But this thing,
with prosecutions for crim. con. is as common with
that class, "the Corinthian pillars of society," as
Burke queerly called them, as the sun at noon day.
Only three" males of all old George's numerous
progeny, have been married. They are George, jun.
Frederick and Adolpfats. George, jun. was first
wedded to the elegant and amiable Mrs. Fitzherbcrt
— the connection was declared illegal, he was tired
of her, and she was packed off. He was then coup-
led, in great style, to the present princess of
Wales, mother of Charlotte, jun. lately tucked to
young Cubourg, with so much fuss and ceremony.
His wife i.s a vagabond, without home or country,
and lately an inmate of the three-tailed bashaw ot
Twit's. Frederick was united to a very good wo-
man ; but he remained with her only a short time,
and separated from her to counsel with Mrs. Clarke
and other Cyprians, as to promotions in the army and
CHUHCH of England ; and many high appointments
they made among them ! Jdo1}ihu8 married lady
Murray, a beautiful and interesting woman. This
.union was pronounced illegal, and he gladly em-
arc unhealthy; braced the opportunity to shake of his fair incum-
NILES' WfiEKLY REGISTER—THE COMPENSATION BILL.
brance, as he had designed from the beginning1 —
having- ascertained that he could not debauch but
under the mask of a marriage. So much for the
three married princes of the house of the Guelphs
— all the rest, as -well as these three, have openly and
unblushingly lived in whoredom ; - their "kept
mistresses presiding at parlies where lords and la-
dies were present, doing the "honors of the table !"
When the thing is so common, why should lord
Byron occupy so much of the public attention ? ]ie-
Cause liis lordship, different from other lords, lias
talents and is a fine poet ; and has made several
sing-songs about his " do-mcuf / •.: affairs" which, some
say, he sells for money ! There is something inex-
pressibly mean in all this. A man whose heart was
r.ot callous to every sense of honor and propriety,
would rather have retired from such themes than
obtrude them on the world — but the world that re-
ceives them with so much avidity, is but little bet-
ter than his lordship.
About a week ago, to a gentleman, who asked, if
I had heard the cause of lord .Mron's searatin
.
from his wife? — I replied, that I had ner-er troubled
yny head half a minute about it, feeling no sort of
interest in such an ordinary affair. He then enquired,
if I knew any thing as to the private character of
any thing
either of the parties P
the private char;:
I said, no — but, according
to my rule made about lords, as his lordship was not ^
a fool, t mast suppose him base and debauched;)
and expected lie had been guilty of some beastly
abuse of his Mate. It seems i was perfectly right 4
for 1 nave since learnt that his lady's indignation
arose from his having introduced to her, for a com-
panion, a strum pet from the play house.*
"Such are thy Gods, O Israel." Such are the
creatures that prejudice calls upon us to worship or
admire ; and grave and reverend men tell us are
needful to govern, to embellish and adorn mankind !
*After a separation from his wife, Byron went to
the continent. A late London paper thus notices him:
"Brussels papers of Thursday reached us last
's/ article they present is the first in-
respecting
lordship's departure for the
continent. We sincerely regret that it is of such a
nature.
"Brussels, May 8. In the Journal de la Belgique,
of this date, is a petition from a coachmaker at
Brussels, to the president of the tribunal de pre-
_
n'llt-
telligence made public in this country
lord Byron, since his lordship's depari
THE ATT.
An act to change the mode of compensation to the
members of the senate and the house of repre-
sentatives, and the delegates from territories.
Be it enacted hit the senate and house of rcpresenta-
fives of 1 1 if, U-nitt'd States r,f\tinerica, in congress, as-
sembled, That instead of the daily compensation now
allowed by law, there shall be paid annually to the
senators, representatives and delegates from terri-
tories, of this and every future congress of the Unit-
ed States, the following sums respectively: that is
to say, to the president of Hie senate pro-tempore,
where there is no vice-president, and to the speaker
of the house of representatives, three thousand dol-
lars each — to eacli senator, member of the house of
representatives, other than the speaker, and dele-
gate, the sum of fifteen hundred dollars: Provided,
nevertheless, that in case any senator, representa-
tive or delegate, shall not. attend in his place at the
d-iv on which congress shall convene, or shall ab-
sent himself before the close of the session, a deduc-
tion shall be made from the sum which would other-
wise be allowed to him, in proportion to the time of
his absence, saving to the cases of sickness the same
provisions as are established by, the existing laws.
And the aforesaid allowance shall be certified and
paid in the same manner as the daily compensation
to members of congress has heretofore been.
11. CLAY,
Speaker of the house of representatives.
JOHXGAILLAR!),
President of the senate, pro-tempore.
March 19, 1816— Approved,
JAMES MADISON
TTAS AND FATS 1'OLTTTCA LLT DJ:SIGX ATED.
The bill passed the house, of representatives by a
majority of 14 votes — 81 members being for it and
67 against it; and in the senate the yeas were
22, nays 11— majority II. The following are the
names of the members who voted on this question
— those of the federal gentlemen in Italic.
HOUSE or HI* ruxsENTATi VRS — Yeas — Messrs. Alex-
ander, Jlthertoii, Bailies, Betts, Birdsall, Bradbury,
Breckenridffe, Brown, <ujdho<m, Champion, Chappeil,
C/ripmu?i, Clark, N. C. Clark, Ky. Clayton, Clenden-
nin, Condict, Conner, Cooper, Creighton, Ciilpepper,
Davenport, Gold, Grosvenor, Hardin, Henderson,
If op kins on, Hidbert, Irving, N. Y. Jackson, Je-toett,
Johnson, Ivy. Kent, Kerr, Va. A7>/§-, Ms. King, N. C.
-n', Lovett, Marsh, Mayrant, M-Lean, Ky. M-'Leun,
iier instance, stating that he had sold to lord By- 1 o. Middle-ton, .Winer, Moore, Mosehj, Nelson, Ms.
to the hands of the proper officer, who went to sig- Wendover, IFhea^n, Thos. Wilson, Woodward,
nity the above to lord Byron, and was informed by Wrk'ht, Yates 31.
the landlord of the hotel, that his lordship was Nays— Messrs. Adgate, Raer, Barbour, Bussett,
ic without having given him any tiling to pay the ; Bateman, Bennett, Btount, L'usc, Burnside, Cannon,
ebi, on which the officer seized a chaise belonging i cillrt;, Clopton, Conistock, Crawford, Crocheron,
to his lordship as security for the amount. CuUibert, Darlington, Desha, Edwards, Forney,
Forsyth, Gaston, Glasgow, Goidxbt/rongli, Gocdv/M.,
Griffin, .Half, Hall, fiainniond, Hawes, Herbert, JIu-
ger, Hungerford, Ingham, Joimson, Va. Lanydon,
Lewis, Love, Lowndes, Lumpkhl, Lyle, Lijon, Mac-
The Compensation Bill.
STATISTICAL AND POLITICAL.
The bill passed at the last session of congress, to
lay, Mason, M'C'ov, Piper, Hoot, Ross, Smith, Va.
Southard, Stanford, Strong-, Taylor, N. Y. Teifair,
, . ~™. ...... , „..,.. . „. .,, .
"change the mode of compensation to the mem- j Townseud, Tucker, J'use, Wallace, \Varcl, N. .).
bers/'^c. as it is entitled, has "excited no little: WUiteside, WUcox, Wilde, Wilkin, Williams, Wil-
animation among the people, and we have thought i loughby, Wm. Wilson, Yaucey— 67.
it might be useful and convenient to collect toge-i SENATE.— Yeas— Messrs, burry, Bibb, Brown,
ther the principal things belonging to its r>tr.tJ5ti'cal ' Campbell, Condit, Dagyett, JJaiia, Gaillard, Gort\
and political *>hav; ! If:>rter, Ih^eu, Howell, JKmKr, Lacock, Musont N,'
340 NILES* WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JtfLY 20, 1816,
IT. Morrow, Roberts, Talbot, Tait, Thompson, Wells,
Williams— 22.
Nays — Messrs. Cliace, Goldsborough, King, Ma-
con, iluggie.s, Stanford, Taylor, Tic/ienort Turner,
Varnum, Wilson — 11.
BISSF.CTIOX AXD DISTRIBUTION.
There were present on this vote —
In the lionse of representatives, 148 members — viz.
9.2 republicans and 66 federalists: 41 republicans
and 40 federalists (81) voted for; and 52 republi-
cans and 15 federalists (67) voted against the bill —
majority 14
In the senate, 33 members — viz. 21 republicans and
12 federalists: 13 republicans and 9 federalists (22)
for, and 8 republicans and 3 federalists (11) against
the bill.
In the two houses — 114 republicans and 67 federal-
ists— total 181 members; of whom 54 republicans
and 49 federalists (103) voted for, and 60 republi-
cans and 18 federalists (78) voted against the bill.
Majority in the two houses, 25.
More than one-half of the republican members,
and more than a fourth of the federal members,
voted against ihe bill. In regard to the strength of
parties in both houses, the republicans in the nega-
tive have a proportion to the federalists who voted
on the same side, (nearly) as two is to one. If the
federalists had voted, in either house, against the
bill in the same proportion to their numerical force
that the republicans did — it could not have been
carried in either house.
But as a party question it cannot come before the
people, thanks to the practice of recording the yeas
and nays; for either party, acting with unity, might
have defeated it, in either branch of the legisla-
ture.
COMPARATIVE VIEW.
For 8 years, last past, it is stated that congress
lias been in session 1322 days, on an average of 165^
days per annum.
1651 days, at 6 dollars, $991 50
Travelling charges at an average of 318 15
The annual salary is
travelling expcnces as before
*§1309 65
1500 00
318 15
1818 15
Difference iu favor of members, pcrann. $509 50
There are 182 representatives and 36 senators —
Tto which add the allowance of two members to the
president of .the senate, and the extra pay Allowed
1 <> the speaker of the house, and the whole difference
"These 8 years are said not to afford a fair state-
ment of the time employed by congress, on account
of the extraordinary circumstances in which the
nation was placed; for that, in the first six years of
Mr. Jefferson's administration, congress was in ses-
sion only 673 days:
6 years salary at 1500 dollars, $9-000
673 days at 6 dollars, 4038
Difference, §4962
Or, thirteen dollars and twenty-two cents per day —
whereas, for the 8 years given, the members would
haVe received only nine dollars and eight tvHteper day.
I think it may be fairly estimated that, peace con-
tLu'iing, the pay of congress, by the new law, would
amount to about twehu dollars per dqy.
to be paid by the people will be,
220 at §509 50 per annum, §112,090 00
And the whole cost of the legislature, independent
of the clerks and officers employed and incidental
expences for stationary, fuel, 8tc. will be about,
§400,301 65
PROCEEDINGS ON THE BILL.
The legislatures of New-Hampshire, (rep.) and
Rhode-Island, (fed.) have acted upon the bill in ex-
pressing their disapprobation of it, and urging its
immediate repeal.
In Vermont it is reprehended by both parties. The
members from this state who voted for the bill are
federalists, and it seems agreed by all that they will
not be re-elected.
In many parts of New-York the people in their
public meetings, and at the polls, have clearly ex-
pressed their disapprobation of the law, and some
very good men have not been re-elected. Among
them is Mr. Throop — who, finding he was not the
choice of the people, and acting on tha broad prin-
ciple that a representative should speak agreeably
to his constituents, has resigned his seat, and given
them an opportunity of immediately filling his place
with a member more pleasing to them.
In Pennsylvania, South- Carolina and Ohio, certain
parts of the people have been greatly excited, and
it is probable that several of the old members will
be left out; and one or two changes, partially on
this account, may take place in Maryland, and in
several other of the states.
But it is in Kentucky that the law is the most
warmly opposed. It seems as if it might shake the
standing even of Mr. Speaker Clay, and the amiable
and gallant col. R. M. Johnson. Mr. Ormsby has
stated, that being "in heart and principle a demo-
cratic republican," he will obey the voice of the
people, and support such a modification of the law
as appears agreeable to them. We should esteem
it a misfortune indeed, if the passage of that bift
should deprive us of the services of those gentle-
men, while we confess ourselves pleased with the
spirit in the people, to reject even Clay and John-
son, men they have so much loved, for acting con-
trary to their will. The ground taken against the
law here is, not so much because it allows a great
compensation to members, as on account of its
converting them into salary officers; which, it is
said, was never contemplated by the constitution.
If the toasts drank on the 4th of July can be con-
sidered as indicative of the general sentiment of
the people of the United States, and they are some-
times so accepted, the current of opinion is cer-
tainly against the law: — for, as the Columbian ob-
serves, it has been "toasted until it is black." And
this, at least, appears agreed upon — that the law
ought to be and will be repealed. But many mem-
bers will lose their seats in consequence of having
voted for it.
DOCUMENTS.
RHODE ISLAND. — The following resolution disap-
proving the late act of congress increasing the com-
pensation of the members, was adopted, almost
unanimously, by the general assembly of Rhode-
Island, at their recent session:
Resolved, That this general assembly while they
disclaim all interference in the ordinary proceed-
ngs of the federal government, within the sphere
of their constitutional powers, cannot avoid ex-
pressing the strong dissatisfaction which they feel
and believe to be universally felt, at the late act of
congress appropriating high salaries to themselves
out of the public monies collected into the treasury
jy a course of burthensome tnxes, and which the
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— THE WEST-INDIA TRADE.
people are led to believe, and had aright to expect
would be strictly and prudently applied towards re
lieving the country from the still uncalculated ex-
penses occasioned by the late war.
That the disposition manifested during the late
session of congress, to bestow large portions of the
public money in new salaries to the officers of go-
vernment, whose compensation had been greatly in-
creased beyond what was originally deemed amply-
sufficient, is calculated to render that government
expensive and burthensome to the country; and is
wholly inconsistent with the economy of our repub-
lican institutions, and their just apprehensions of ex-
travagant salaries, pensions and all unnecessary ex-
pences were well known to their representatives in
congress; and yet have been slighted and disregard-
ed, by a majority of those representatives, in the
measures complained of.
And it is further the opinion of this general as-
sembly, that it is an extraordinary and highly im-
proper measure for legislators to convert themselves
into salary officers: — and that it is inconsistent with
the dignity of the representative character, inas-
much as it renders it equivocal whether the repre-
sentative of the people accepts his place from mo-
tives of duty and patriotism, or is allured to it by
the emoluments of the office.
It is therefore further resolved, that the senators
and representatives of this state in congress, be re-
quested to exert their utmost influence at the next
session of congress, to obtain a repeal of the act
granting salaries to their members.
NEW-YORK — iuburn, June 4, 1816.— Sin— The re-
?ult of the late election for members of congress
in this district, furnishes evidence that my services
as a representative have not met with the approba-
tion of my constituents, Having received that of-
fice by their free choice, founded no doubt upon
the belief that I should discharge it's duties accord-
ing to their wishes, I cannot reconcile it to my feel-
ings, or sense of duty, to withhold from them the
power of choosing an agent who is better qualified
to execute the important duties of that station. I
therefore resign my seat as representative in con-
gress. I have the honor to be, &c.
E. T. THROOP.
His excellency D. D. Tompkins.
VKRMONT.— The grand jury for the county of
Chittenden, in the state of Vermont, after having
closed their inquiry into the offences that came
within their knowledge, took occasion to remark—
"That before we separate we beg leave to ex-
press our disapprobation of a late act of congress,
raising, by salary, the pay of its members about
three-fold its former establishment; and this at a
time when the public burdens hung heavy on the
farming interest, who are the nerves of the commu-
nity; and when the frowns of heaven hung dark over
our heads, threatening our land with scarcity and
famine.
"Under these solemn impressions, we have direct-
ed that this communication be signed by our fore-
man, and that he request the same to be published
in the Northern Sentinel, with the ayes and nays
taken in congress on the subject of said act, for the
useful information of the public.
"Signed by direction,
"ELIAS BUEL.
"Foreman of said jury.''
KENTUCKY. — Stephen Ormsby, esq. member of
congress from the 8th congressional district of this
state, in an address to the citizens, says:
"In heart and principle a democratic republican,
\am conscious it is no less my inclination than my
duty to consult your will, and faithfully to repre"
sent it; or, having mistaken it, to be always ready
to correct any error into which misapprehension lias-
led me. Therefore, I have no hesitation to declare
that my endeavors shall be used at the ensuing ses
sion of congress to effect a repeal of the present
(compensation) law, and restore the old lav/, or to
make such provision for the compensation to mem*
bers as my best judgment shall dictate, and most
conformable to your wishes."
Ouio — Mr. M'Lean has published a very able
defence of his vote in favor of the law. It occu-
pies five columns and a half of a closely printed
newspaper, is quite too long for us, and we are
fearful of attempting an abstract of it, lest we might
not do it justice.*
We have thus given what appears to us a fair and
impartial view of the subject; but it is due to it
simply to state- — that if six dollars per day, for the
compensation of a member of congress, leaving his
home and his business to attend to the affairs of the
public, \\as not too much when the law first allowed
it, it is a great deal too little now; for within those
two periods the nominal average value of every ar-
ticle of food and clothing has been doubled — and
certainly, 1500 dollars a year can be no object to a
gentleman possessed of talents sufficient to repre-
sent an enlightened people in congress. The time
of such, most assuredly, might be more profitably
employed at home. There are tens upon tens of
thousands of common farmers and mechanics who
can earn more than this; and there ure few that
can consider it a money-making business, though it
may be convenient to some who can leave their
homes without much derangement of their affairs.
But whether the manner fa which the compensation
is to be made, and the present tiiue is fitting for the
purpose, is another question. My humble opinion is
— that neither is proper, and I hope that the law may
be repealed. I glory in that vigor of the people which,
so manfully opposes what displeases them; yet I think
several things have been done, which might have oc-
cupied their attention as profitably as the compensa-
tion bill. But this is "travelling out of my record."
Some of the members who voted for the law are
severely handled for their opposition to the dona-
tions of land proposed to be made to the disbanded
officers of the army. Their argument against this
was, that these officers entered the service on certain
and known conditions, and that they had no claim to
the gratuity. With how great force does the argu-
ment apply to the members themselves! — But there
was this essential difference in the condition of the
parties — the disbanded officers could not "vote on their
own casef
st as this paper was going to press, we ob-
serve that a stir is also making against the bill in
Georgia, by presentments of grand jm-ies, &c.
*Mr. M'Lean was, during- the session, appointed
a judge in Ohio, and of course has resigned.
The West-India Trade.
In our paper of the 6th instant we noticed the
complaints of some on the loss of the West-India
trade, and gave an extract from a Quebec paper, to
shew that Canada, which the British hud regarded
as the granary of the colonies, was actually receiv-
ing provisions from the mother country, not on ac-
count of a scarcity in the former, but because of
depressed prices in the latter. In such a state of
things, how could we expect to have in these i&J*
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1816.
amis a market for our provisions, seeing the;,
are clearer here than in Canada? These things
•will and must regulate themselves. The following
from a Montreal paper, of the 29th ult. gives fur-
ther-light on the subject:
'The harbor of Montreal now contains about 30
square-rigged vessels, which ruostly come with
pretty full cargoes. The number of craft is also
Tery considerable. Although such a number of
vessels indicates a great and active commerce, yer
this is not the case; business is remarkably dull,
and scarcely an article meets a ready market, at
good prices — except pot and pearl ashes, and him-
2>er, we have no produce this season to make re-
turns, and even these will go but a wretchedly short
length to pay for such enormous imports as \vehave
this year. We am not sure if the exports (furs ex-
cepted) ttntt mnrh more than pay for the PROVISIONS
imported from Britain and Ireland. What also ren-
ders the prospect very uncheering, is the probabi-
lity of oil's of exchange being at a considerable
premium,- that is, much" greater than it is now.55
Roanoke Iliver.
The commissioners appointed by the legislature
of Virginia and North-Carolina, to investigate the
subject of cutting a navigable canal from the
Roanpke to the Meherrin river, and from the waters
of the Cliowan river in N. Carolina, to some of tl
waters of James River, or to the Dismal Swamp
canal, have made up a report, a copy of which haf
been addressed to the governor of Virginia. It seem
that in April last, they employed two engineers U
ascertain the route, and estimate the expence of a
canal, for qgjmecting1 these waters.
The route they recommend, is, for the canal to
commence near the Co<*-ford, and run to Eator
Pug1 ,';> island; thence aloirgthe river hills,until it ai
3-ive.s at the top of the ridge, near 8. -Ices' store, 14 $
miles, thence down the ridge to Murfreesborough
32 $• miles; thence down the channel of the Meherrin
to Chowan; down Chowan to the mouth of Bennett's
creek; up Bennett's Creek to its fork; thence by i
canal to strike the west end of the White Oak Marsl
Spring canal; thence along said canal to the Disma
Swamp canal; and thence to Norfolk. The onlj
serious difficulties in ' he way, are the canals betweei
the lloanoke and the Meherrin, and between the fork
of Bennett's creek and the Dismal Swamp can
The commissioners enter into some details to prove
the practicability of the latter enterprize — am
finally conclude that it may be accomplished a
an exp<-n.ce of §120,000 — and the canal betweei
the Roanoke and the Meherrin for §641,512— mak
ing the expence of the work about §761,522.
They enter into calculations to shew, that thi
sum might be raised by a contribution of less tha
25 dollars by every freeholder wiio lives in th
Borough of Norfolk, and in the 40 counties o
"Virginia and North Carolina, who are interis tc
5n the success of the scheme — They detail the be
nefits of the work with equal force and conciseness
The commissioners wind up their report, b
stating, that as they believed the enterprize wa
not only practicable but ought to be undertaken
they had proceeded, in obedience to the law
tinder which they acted, to apportion among th
counties named in the acts, and also the Horoug
of Norfolk their respective proportions of the sum
to be raised. [Compiler.
Napoleon Bonaparte.
riie. following is a copy of the act of 'the ft ritish parlia-
ment authorising the detention of the late emperor of
France.
Whereas it is necessary for the pi»eservation of
e tranquility of Europe, and for the general safe-
y, that Napoleon Bonaparte should be detained and
ept in custody as is hereafter provided — Be it,
herefore, enacted, and it is hereby enacted, by the
ting's most excellent majesty, by and with the ad-
~ice and consent of the lords, spiritual and temporal,
nd commons, in this present parliament assembled,
nd by the authority of the same, That it shall and
may be lawful for his majesty, his heirs and suc-
essors, to detain and keep the said Napoleon Bo-
iaparte in the custody of such person or persons, in
uch place within his majesty's dominions, and un-
ler such restrictions, during the pleasure of his
majesty, his heirs and successors, as to his majesty,
iis heirs and successors, shall from time to time
eemlit.
- II. And be it further enacted, That the said Na-
"oleon Bonaparte, being in such custody as afore-
aid, shall be deemed and taken to be, and shall be
reated and dealt with, as a prisoner of war, except
>nly in so far as by his majesty, his heirs and suc-
cessors, shall, at any time, or from time to time,
)e otherwise directed; and that it shall and may be
awful for his majesty, his heirs and successors, by
warrant under the hand and seal of one of his or
their principal secretaries of state, to nominate
ind appoint such person or persons, being his nvv
'esiy's subject or subjects, as to his majesty, 1
leirs and successors, shall seem fit, to have th
custody of the said Napoleon Bonaparte; and froi:
time to time, by like warrant, to change the place,
and to appoint such other place, as to his majesty,
iis heirs and successors, shall seem fit, in which
:he said Napoleon Bonaparte shall be detained and
cepi: and by like warrant, to authorise and empow-
er any person or persons to remove the said Napo-
leon Bonaparte from the place in which he now is,
or shall at any time hereafter be so detained and
kept, and to convey him to such other place as
shall be so appointed as aforesaid; and that it shall
and may be lawful for such person or persons so ap-
pointed or to be appointed as aforesaid, to call to
liis or their aid and assistance all or any persons,
eing subjects of his majesty, or owing allegiance
to his majesty, for detaining and keeping the said
Napoleon Bonaparte in cus-tody as aforesaid, or for
removing or conveying him as aforesaid, as occasion
may require: And that all and every such person or
persons, so appointed or to be appointed, as afore-
said, and all and every person and persons, who
shall be called to his or their aid and assistance,
shall have full power and authority to use all ways
and means for the detaining and keeping the said
Napoleon Bonaparte in such custody, and for the
prevention of the rescue or escape of the said Na-
poleon Bonaparte from and out of such custody, and
for the retaking the said Napoleon Bonaparte, in
case he shall be rescued or shall escape from and
out of the same, as might be lawfully used for the
detaining and keeping in custody, and for prevent-
ing the rescue or escape of, and for the retaking any
prisoner of war.
III. And be it further enacted, That if any person
or persons, being a subject, or subjects of, or owing
allegiance to his majesty, his heirs or successors,
shall rescue or attempt to rescue the said Napoleon
Bonaparte, or shall knowingly and wilfully aid or
assist in the escape of the said Napoleon Bonaparte,
or in any attempt to escape from such custody as
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— MILITARY SERVICES, &c.
aforesaid, or from any limits or bounds wherein he
now is or at any time hereafter shall or may be de-
tained and kept in custody as aforesaid, or in which
he shall or may be suffered to go at large, within
the limits of any island or country, territory or
place, or within the limits of any district or bounds
within any island or country, territory or place, up-
on parole, or without parole, all and every such
person and persons so offending", shall, upon being
convicted thereof, be adjudged guilty of felony,
and shall suffer death as in Cases of felony, without
benefit of clergy.
IV. And be it further enacted, That if any person
or persons, being subjects of, or owing allegiance
to his majesty, his heirs or successors, shall know-
ingly and wilfully aid, assist or further the said Na-
poleon Bonaparte in quitting uny part of any island,
country, territory or place, without the limits and
bounds of any distict of such island, country, ter-
ritory or place, within which he may have been con-
fined or suffered to go at large, on parole, or with-
out parole, after he shall have been rescued, or have
escaped or departed from any place of custody, or
from the limits and bounds within which he shall
have been permitted to go at large, on parole, or
\vithout parole; he, she, or they shall be deemed
jfuilty of aiding the escape of the said Napoleon
Bonaparte, under the provisions of this act.
* V. And be it further enacted, That if any person
or persons, being a subject or subjects of his ma-
jesty, or owing allegiance to his majesty, after the
said Napoleon Bonaparte shall have been rescued or
have esc, ped or departed from and have quitted the
1, courier, district or territory, within which
)ie shall have been detained or kept in cu.sio i\ as
aforesaid, or have been suffered to go at large, upon
" parole or without, or after lie shall have quitted and
departed from uny other country into which he iruy
have escaped or come, shall knowingly and wilfully,
upon the high seas, aid, assist or further the said
Napoleon Bonaparte in escaping or going to or to-
wards any other dominions or place whatsoever, such
person or persons shall be adjudged guilrv of felony,
and shall suffer death as in cases of felony, without
benefit of cl,ergy.
VI. And be it further enacted, That all offences
against this act, wheresoever the sume shall be com-
mitted, whether within the dominion's of his majes-
ty or without, or upon the high seas, may be en-
quired of, tried, heard, determined and adjudged
in any county within that part of his majesty's do-
minions called England, in like manner, and by a
rest Kussians, deprived of their houses and subsis-
tence by the desperate proceedings of their own
countrymen as well as of the French, and exposed
to all the horrors of the "pitiless storm."
"I'i conformity to the d'nvc'ion i-;.-:ufd by govern-
ment, for the complete destruction of the dead bo-
dies of men and horses, belonging to the en
which fell in battle, or perished from the cold, and
had not been committed to the e...r;h, the following
reports have been trunsmittcd by the governors of
different provinces.
"In the government of Minsk, up to the end of
January, 13,797 dead bodies of men, 2,74" of horsc-s
had been burned; and there s'.ill remained to be
burned, of the former, 3:),105; and of ihe Uttei
27,316; the greater part of which were four. d 0:1 the
banks of the Heresina.
"In the government of Moscow, up to the 15th of
February, 49,734 dead bodies of men and 27,S !•') of
horses had been burnt, besides a number of o.
that were buried.
"In the government of Smolensk, up to the 2d of
March, 71,735 dead bodies of men and 51,430 of
horses had been committed to the flames.
"In the government of Wilna, up to the 8th of
March, 72,202 dead bodies of men, and 9,407 of
horses, had been put under the ground.
"In the government of Kaluga, up to the llth of
March, 1,017 corpses, and 4,384 dead horse.s, had
been burnt.
"The sum of the whole was 213,516 human corpses
and 95,816 dead horses, exclusive of many others,
ej'her burned or buried, of which no account was
taken. The strictest measures have been taken for
destroying, before the approach of spring, the dead
bodies that may be found in the rivers or woods."
Military Services, &c.
AN ACT making further provision for military ser-
vices during the late war, and for other purpose".
Be it enacted by the senate and h'tnst of representa-
tives of the United St'ilss if *l.ne,-ica in course';-
assembled, That when any officer or private soldier
of the militia, including rangers, gea-fencibtes,
and volunteers, or any non commissioned officer,
musician or private, enlis'ed for either of the terms
of one year or eighteen months, or any co n missioned
omcei-'of the regular army, shall have died while m
the service of the United States during the la'e war,
or in returning to his place of residence after bo ing
mustered out of service, who shall have died at any
jury of such county, as if such offences had been i time thereafter in consequence of wounds received
committed within such county; and that in every j whilst in the service and shall have left a wid v -,
information of indictment for such offence, suchof-|or jf no widow, a child or children, under sixteen
fence may be laid and charged to have been com- j years of ag-e, such widow, or if no widow such child
d in such county. I01. children shall be entitled to receive half the
mitted
VII. And be it further enacted, That all persons | monthly pay to which the deceased was entitled
who shall be apprehended, detained, or in custody, !at the time of his deaihj f>r and during the term of
charged with any offence against this act, may be'five years; and in case o? death or interm image of
detained in custody and sent to England, in order to| Slich widow before the expiration of said five years,
their being proceeded against and tried for such! the half pay for the remainder of the time shall g;i
offence. lo tjie c^iid or children of said decedent
Provided
j^ .. -„ . alwaiit, that the secretary of war shall adopt such
French .Expedition tO KllSSia. form's of evidence in applications under this act
The general fate of the mighty army that Bona-las the president of the United States may prescribe.
parte led into Russia, is common to every one; but! Pnw/rfed «/$», That the officers and private soldiers
few have been able to form an idea of the destruc- of the militia as aforesaid, who have bten disabled
tion that followed the burning of Moscow and the by wounds or otherwise, while in the service of the
retreat, or flight, of the French. If the following, United States in the discharge of their duty dur-^
said to be a Russian official account, is to be relied 'ing the late war, shall be placed on the list of
upon, we may safely calculate that the expedition! pensioners in the same manner as the officers and
caused the death of at least 500,0'JO persons, of ; soldiers of the regular army, under such forma of
Which not less than 250,000 were Frenchmen— the ! evidence as the president of the United Stales may
344
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1810.
prescribe. Provided also, that the provisions of
this act shall not extend to any person embraced in
the provision of an act entitled, "An act to provide
for the widows and orphans of militia slain and for
militia disabled in the service of the U. States,"
passed the second day of August one thousand eight
hundred and thirteen.
Sue. 2, And be it further enacted, That when
any non-commissioned officer, musician or private
soldier of the regular army of the U. States shall
have been killed in battle, or have died of wounds
or disease, while in the service of the United States,
during- the late war and have left a child or children
under sixteen years of age it shall he lawful for the
guardian of such child or children, \vithin one
year from the passing of this act, to relinquish the
bounty land, to which such non-commisioned officer,
musician or private soldier had he survived the
war, would have been entitled; and, hi lieu thereof,
to receive half the monthly pay to which such
deceased person was entitled, at the time of his
death, for and during the term of five years to be
computed from and after the seventeenth day of
February, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen,
the payment whereof to be made when and where
other military pensions are or shall be paid; and
where a warrant for the military bounty land afore-
said shall have been issued to or for the use of the
child or children of any such deceased non-com-
missioned officer, musician or private soldier, such
child or children, or either of them, being under
sixteen years of age, it shall be lawful for the guar-
dian, of such minor or minors, to surrender and
deliver such warrant into the office of the depart-
ment of war, within one year from the passing of
this act, of which surrender and dejivery, the
secretary of that department, shall give notice to
the secretary of the treasury who shall thereupon
give the requisite orders for the payment of the half
pay hereby provided for.
Sec. o. And be it further enacted, That all soldiers
\vho have been enlisted to serve for five years, or
during the war, and were above the age of forty
five, or under the age of eighteen years, who have
faithfully served during the late war, and have been
regularly discharged and the representatives of such
soldiers as shall have died whilst in the service of
the U. States, and all soldiers who have been en-
listed, and have faithfully served during the late
war, until they have been promoted to the rank
of commissioned officers, who, if they had served
during the war under their enlistment, and been
regularly discharged, would have been entitled to
.a bounty in land, shall be entitled to one hundred
and sixty, or three hundred and twenty acre.s of
land, according to the term of enlistment; the war-
rant and patent to issue in the same manner as in
the Case of soldiers enlisted of proper age, and dis-
charged under similar circumstances.
Sec. 4. Jlnd be it further enacted, That for the
purpose of carrying1 the provisions of this act into
efl'e ct, and other acts giving bounty lands to soldiers
of the regular army, the president of the U. States
is hereby authorised to cause to be surveyed and
laid off' in one or more surveys, two millions of
acres, not otherwise appropriated in addition to
the appropriation of lands by the act of May the
.sixth, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, for
designating, surveying and granting military bounty
lands, according to the provisions of said act.
Sec. 5. Jlnd be it further enacted, That ho transfer
of land, granted iii virtue of this or any other law,
giving bounties of land to the non-commissioned,
durin
the late war, shall be valid, unless the contract
or agreement therefor, or letter of attorney, giving
power to sell or convey, shall have been executed
after the patents shall be issued and delivered to
the persons entitled thereto.
IT. CLAY,
Speaker of the house of representative^
JOHN GAILL VHU,
President pro tempore of the senate.
April 16, 1816 — Approved,
JAMES MADISON.
British Oppositionists.
The freedom with which they utter their senti-
ments may be seen in the following extract fr;ra
the speech of Mr. Coke, member of parliament,
early in May last, at the Norfolk Agricultural meet-
ing:
"I feel no delicacy necessary in speaking of the
extravagance of the prince of Wales— CJp'/M.aitse. )
Is there an Englishman who can sav from his heart,
that 25,000 men are necessary to* the defence of
this kingdom in time of peace ? It is impossible.
It may be asserted, but no man in his senses can
believe it. The truth Is, that this immense force
is to be kept up, in order to please the prin<-e-
regent, and give influence and patronage to mini.;
ters — (~ Applauds. ) Gentlemen, let ministers make
their expenditure meet the amount of tl-e taxcv,
and not make the taxes meet the amount of the
expenditure. If we must have a large' warlike
establishment, why is the glory and pride of ling-
land, her navy, slighted ? This was not the'policy
of our ancestors. There is but one \yay of account-
ing for it — namely, as part of a plan to overthrow
the liberties of England, and to assimilate our
government to that of despotic governments of
the continent. Do not indulge the delusive hope,
that the constitution can subsist unimpaired, while
a large standing army exists in the 'country. One
or the other must be given up. Let Englishmen
decide, and decide in time, which they will choose.
Gentlemen, these' are my principles— they are the
same as when, forty years ago, you first" sent me
to parliament. The events of that period have
confirmed me in their truth. I have been in parlia-
ment during two long-, bloody and expensive wars
— 1 never voted one shilling of your money for the
support of either. I thought them both unjust and
unnecessary wars — and I never would 'consent to
tax the people for then- support. What has been
the termination of tlie present war ? You are
saddled with a debt of 800 millions, and you have
succeeded in placing an usurper on the throne of
France, against the voice of the people. ( Sainc
exclamations of .A"o / uo ! from the gallery.} Yes,
gentlemen, I say an usurper, and who is kept there
by 30,000 British bayonets. Let them be withdrawn,
and Louis XVIli. would not remain upon the throne
an hour. Depend upon it, if ministers find another
pretence for going to war, the first engine set to
work will be the property tax. Exhausted .and
impoverished as the country now is nothing but
peace, and the strictest economy, can save us. Such,
gentlemen, are my views of public affairs. I have
spoken openly and fairly to you. I have never
disguised my opinion, but have always thought
it my duty to make you fully acquainted with my
sentiments on all great questions, and it is a matter
of pride and pleasure to me, that during the period
in which 1 have represented you, my public condu'c-
has deserved your approbation
NILES' WEEfcLY REGISTER— RUSSIAN TARIFF
Interesting Historical Anecdote.
All the world has heard of Baron Trenck and his
iavere sufferings; but the cause of his misfortune
'a not so generally understood.
Trenck is described as having been in his youth
ca young cavalie^ of singular accomplishments '
-vho, "when he first made his appearance in the
court of Berlin, becurne the object of general ad-
miration." The princess Amelia, having it is said,
<lbeen cujoled out of a match, with the king of
Sweden, by hev elder sister Ulrica, who succeeded
in obtaining it for herself, fixed her affections upon
the baron." Amelia was a favorite of Frederick,
and owing to the indiscreet, but, perhaps irresistible
passion which she encouraged, and Trenck indulg-
ed, the Prussian monarch inflicted those punish-
ments upon the ill-fated lover which have excited
for him the commisseration of thousands in Europe
and America. The effects of the lady's love, and
of the baron's indiscretion, are thus described by
Thiebault :
" Th e lady for whom he had sacrificed so much,
had heve^r lost sight of him; she had administered
to him every possible assistance in his first prison,
and while he was a fugitive abroad — and when
Trenck was effecting the completion of their mutual
ruin by his imprudence, he was indebted to her
for the means of his subsistence. But from the
time of his being buried, as it were, in the fortress
of Magdebuurg, neither the most active zeal, noi
the most persevering efforts, could find a passage
to their miserable object.
" She now felt with double poignancy the con
viction that she was the original cause of his suf
ferings, when she could no longer relieve them. To
the mental tortures she endured, must be attributec
those extraordinary and premature infirmities
which she was a victim. In the course of a fe\\
years her personal charms had wholly disappeared
her voice was gone; her eyes, once remarkable fo
their beauty, had now started from their sockets
and sue was 'threatened with total blindness; sh
nearly lost the use of her arms and hands; scarce!}
could: she with her left hand raise the right to t
certain height, and even this not without extrem
P.«in; and the weakness of her legs was excessive
Never did despair and grief produce such fata
effects on any one whose life they had spared
and as she survived those cruel attacks, it is natura
10 conclude that the desire and hope she felt o
being useful to him for whom she had endured sue
suffering/ inspired her with supernatural strengt
and resolution.
" A singular circumstance, and which prove
now dark a veil was thrown over the whole of tlii
Affair, is that the public, though witnesses of th
physical afflictions she labored under, had no ide
of the cause, and sometimes even ascribed then)
i.o the eccentric cast of her character. "She ha
become what she is," people affirmed, "entirel
by her own attempt to disfigiu-e herself. Her clu
vacter is so strange and eccentric, that she wilfull
misapplied the remedies applied for her recover)
and this for the sole purpose of rendering herse
hideous and infirm even at the risk of her life."
" She was accused of extraordinary eccentr
city of character, because in fact, she possessed a
extraordinary understanding; though at the san
time, it must be admitted, that her temper owin
to the violence and duration of her afflictions, ha
altered considerably for the worse — A woman
•nore gentle and pleasing manners, or of a moi
ingenuous temper, than she had been in her ear
years, was not to be met \vitli— but these oualiti
she had now exchanged fora severity that knew no
intervals of indulgence, that was prompt to presume
evil rather than good; and exerted its influence the
more sensibly as her turn for epigram made her
ileen more easily felt.
Trenck having lingered in this dungeon above
en years}, the empress queen of Germany, at the
stance of the. princess, applied for his liberation,
he king set him at liberty, with strict orders
> quit the country forever. After the death of
rederick, an interview took place between Amelia
id her lover at Berlin, which is pourtrayed in the
llowing affecting manner :
" On arriving at Berlin, it may be easily ima-
ned his first and most eager object was to visit
le lady who had been the cause of his misfortunes.
Mas! what language could describe the interview?
t lasted for some hours, and was consecrated to
nutual tears. The past, the present, the future,
was reviewed without alleviation to their sorrows \
Vhat perplexities, what griefs, were theirs? What
perspective lay before them ? Trenck, his hair
leached with age; his body curved with the
weight of sixty pounds of iron, which, for ten years,
tad hung from it; his features changed by grief,
his, this was the man, who, in his youth, had dis-
layed so superb a person, and whose image she
ad so faithfully preserved! He, o the other
and, beheld in her, for whom he had suffered
o much, a female prematurely old like himself, a
iead entirely bald and shaking so as scarcely to
upport itse'lf; a face1 disfigured and ghastly in
ts expression, and miserably wrinkled; eyes dis-
orted, dim, and haggardy^form that tottered with
eebleness upon limbs, unable through contortion
and disease, any longer to perform their office,
low, in so changed a being, was he to retrace the
ibject of his affection, whom he had left in the
)loom of youth, with features the most regular, a
complexion the most dazzling, the most bewitching
graces of air and person, all the charms and attrac-
:ions of the most captivating physiognomy and most
consummate beauty ! And who, in the accents
of austere affliction, the cold, unfeeling train of
reasoning, the words of desperation and distrust,
to that now escaped her, in the harsh illiberal spirit
.n which she now judged of men and things. Could
ic recal the rich sallies of imagination which so
>ften had enchanted him! Where were now the
impetuosity of youthful gaiety, the sweetness of
iier manners, the enjoyment of the fleeting moment,
and the rapturous dreams of future bliss! Alas'
every thing now is dead ! Each finds in the other
a shrunk, emaciated form! What efforts were
necessary on either side to sustain so dreadful a
shock !" — Virginia Argus.
Russian Tariff.
No. 1. Silk goods of one color, and plain, without
gold and silver, velvets, gross detours, satin, taffe-
tas, levantine and serge, to be imported to Peters-
burg only, 25 per cent. : ribbands (except for or-
ders) to be imported to Petersburg only, 2 percent,
cassimere of all colors, 25 : spectacles, 10 per cent,
white crockery ware, 25 per cent. : strings for mu-
sical instruments, 5 per cent: blankets and cover-
lets, white, to be imported to Petersburg only, 25
per cent. : mahogany, 10 per cent. : beech wood, y
per cent. : diamonds and pearls, 1 per cent. : prints
and painting's, 25 per cent.
No. 2. Carpets, gold and silver, to be imported
to Petersburg1 only, 25 per cent. : razors, knives and
forks, scissors, snuffers, penknives, &c. 25 per cent. :
files, sav.'s and other iron instruments, 5 per cent .
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1816.
heaver and otter skins and other foreign furs, 2
per cent.: French cambrics, to he imported to Pe
tersburg only, 25 per cent: twist, dyed and white
7j silver rubles per po : white kiud.>cks, 25 pe
cent : paper, all sorts, white, 25^»er cent.: ostricl
feathers 20 per cent. : apples, 125 co. per 2 ankers
brandy, arrack, shrub, 10 ro. s. per anker: perfu
jnery, 50 co. per bot'le : porter, 20 co, per barrel
No. 3. Cocoa 125 co. silver per po : chesnut
75 do: fruits, in liquor, 13 ro. silv. sago, 125 co
silv. sago, ice, 15 co. per po : hops, 125 co. do
dyed woolen yarn, 875 co. per po: quicksilver
25 co. s. : soot, 25 co. silv. .- sugar in loaves, 375
co. silv. : salt, to be imported to the Baltic only
15 co. s : cheese, 15 ro. s : whalebone, 250 co.
coffee, 3 ro. : indigo, 250 co. : cochineal, 750: wire
50 co. : vitriol oil, 150 co. : Venetian soap, 1 ro.
nuts; 1 ro. per qd.: xvatches, (except what are pro
hibited) 15 p. ro: stockings, do. do. 20 ro. : sugar
150 co. silv. : coal 50 co. per br. : logwood, 50 co.
nicaragua, 1 ro. per qd.
No. 4. Cider, 35 co. per bottle; soga, 50 co. do :
French wine, 20 ro. s. per hhd. : do. in bottles, 25
co. per bottle: herrings, Swed. 20 co. per bbl
do. Eng. and Dutch, 150 50 : vinegar, 625 co. per
lihd. : cloth, except what is prohibited, 125 co. s
per arsh. : birds, 25 co. per piece : oranges am
Jemoras, 50. co. per 300: mares and stallions, 25 ro
each ; tin plate, 625 ro. per 450 sheets : cocoa nuts,
325 co. per 10 qds : tiles; 1 ro. per 1000 q.
The duties in roubles are understood silver, a 4 ro
}3. N. The per cent, is to betaken from the value
according- to the exchange.
Statistical.
The London Gazette contains a notice, that if any
person is convicted of enticing the artificers of this
kingdom to go into foreign countries, he will be
fined 1001. and imprisoned three months; and for
the second offence, fined at the discretion of the
•court, and imprisoned twelve months; also for se-
ducing any person connected with the manufac-
tures of Great Britain to settle abroad, 5001. and
twelve months for the first offence, and for the se-
cond, 1000/. and two years imprisonment.
Longworth's New- York Directory contains a list
of nine hundred and fifty -tivo packets, steam boats,
&.c. that ply regularly from that port, to places on
the north and east rivers, and eastern and southern
ports.
A new coinage has been commenced at the mint
ia England, to include gold and silver. The gold
coin to consist of 20 shilling pieces, and the silver
to be of ene shilling.
Commercial equality. We understand by a recent
arrival from Ireland, that the American vessels are
put on the same footing as English vessels, as far
as respects the conveyance of passengers to the
United States — that is, that they are allowed to
bring one passenger for every two tons. Formerly
they were only allowed to bring one passenger for
every Jive tons.
Jesuits. The order of Jesuits v.'as founded at
Rome in the year 1540, by pope Paul III. in the
reign of the eighth Henry of England, and their
number limitted to 60. During his pontificate, the
celebrated council of Trent assembled, and Henry
was excommunicated. The limitation of the num-
ber of Jesuits to 60, did not long continue. Their
numbers in 1603, were 10,581; in 1679, 17,655; in
1710, 19,923. In 1717, they hud 714 colleges and
other establishments, more than 200 missions, 161
seminaries, and 19,876 members, including 10,056
priests. The affairs of the order were conducted
by one general, 37 provincials, 350 priors, and other
officers. After having been for son;e years abolish-
ed, the order was restored in 1813, by the presen:
monarch of Spain, Ferdinand VII. who at the saire
time and in the same pious spirit, re-established t!ie
office of the holy inquisition!
Jlank of the United States. The books for thfc
institution were opened as directed on the 1st inst.
and, from what we have heard, there is no doubt
but that the stock will be taken.
Singular arrival. A fine schooner arrived at Bal-
timore last week, in 46 days from Marietta. Ohio,
with a cargo of pork. It is well observed, that "the
mountains have melted away before the enterarize
ul indefitigability of our countrymen."
The Irish customs. An official account laid be-
fore the house of commons states, the total official
alue of the customs revenue of Ireland, in the pre-
sent year 1816, at 2,681, 101/.
Amount of inspections in the city of Baltimore
during the quarter, ending the 30th June, 1816:
64,336 barrels wheat flour
3,367 J,bbls. do
1,228 bbls. r}-e flour
29 ibbls. do
3,147 bbls. pork
3 ^bbls. do
237 bbls. beef
30,106 bbls. herrings
4,951 bbls. shad
51 ^bbls. do
44 bbls. cod
171 kegs butter
1,225 kegs lard
325 large casks domestic spirits
8,974 small do do
285 casks foreign spirits
654 large casks molasses and oil
259 small do do
1,100 ullages.
JOHN HARGROVE, Reg. C. B.
Trade to Lisbon. There have arrived at the port
f Lisbon up to the 17th May, since the peace —
American vessels, : : : : : 99
Of this number, 12 are from ports in
Europe, in ballast : : : 12
Leaves 87, which have arrived from the
United States, with cargoes of flour,
corn, rice, staves, &c. : : 87 — 99
Add thereto, 24 foreign vessels, also
from the U. States, viz:
Portuguese : : : : 15
Swedes : : : : 5
Danes :::::: 3
Russian : : : : : 1-24
makes : : ; 111
Averaging 7 1-3 vessels per month.
Emigration. Numerous emigrations are daily
aking place from this country to America. There
re about 12 American ships now nearly ready to
ail for the United States: and the whole of them
re provided with passengers, consisting of mecha-
ics and persons brought up to agriculture. Some
f the ships in question have agreed to take as ma-
y as 80, others 50, on board. For their passage
ach person is to pay 101. and find himself. Some
ay the American government, in the end, are to be the
)aitmasters! — Lon. paper.
it is stated in the London Evening Star, that more
han Jive thousand (Me seamen have emigrated to
merica since the termination of the war ! !
Finances of lioston, &c. The report which was
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—STATISTICAL.
347
made at the town meeting1 of May 27, by t.lie com-
mittee of nn;tnce,3i:is been'pubiished and distribut-
ed in pursuance of the order of the town. This
report represents the finances of the town as in a
very rapidly improving1 condition. The debt of
this town has been diminished during the past year
by the sum of 23,917 51. The amount of tuxes
assessed on the town for the year 1815, including
$24,709 33 state tax, and 21,~828 county tax, with
the allowance to anticipate probable abatements,
Was :::::: $158,402 80
Collected from Oct. 1, 1815, to
May 20, 1816, : : : 146,80144
Amount of abatements : 6,57510
Balance uncollected, May 20, : 5,026 26
In consequence of the amount of debt paid off,
the sum ordered to be assessed for the present
year, is more than 9,000 dollars less than the sum
assessed last year, provision still being made for
the disbursement of the whole debt of the town in
three *• .ears. — Daily Adv.
Important to distillers. We publish the following-
letter (says a New- York paper) for the inform 'it ion
of distillers, &c. as well as in justice to Mr. J»eat-
ty, the inventor of the new mashing- machine:
"N&t>;York,July 1st, 1816.
"DEATI sin — In justice to you, we conceive it our
duty to state our complete conviction of the j-ast
utility of your patent steam mashing-machine,
which we have now had in operation for six months;
a period embracing all the possible contingencies;
which may naturally be expected to occur in the
process of mashing; judging from this, and having;
had an opportunity of making trial of the usual i
mode of mashing here, as well as of seeing the)
most improved mashing machines in Great Britain
and Ireland, we have no hesitation in decl.iring- that
it is the best mode hitkerto invented for producing
the greatest possible extract from the grain, inue-j
pendently of the reduction of .expence necessarily'
resulting from it. With regard to the former we
are quite safe in stating, from the most minute ob-
servations, that the extract is greater by 1 1-2 to
2 quarts per bushel than that produced by manual
labor; and with regard to the latter, the reduction
of expense arising- from men's wages alone, is a con-
sideration of great weight, indeed, as will mani-
festly appear, when we mention that, previous to
the erection of the machine, we were necessitated
to employ three men for the operation of mashing,
now we require only one. There is also a great sav-
ing of fuel attending it: the same boiler which gene-
rates steam for the stills, -serving- also, by means of
a -stop cock and a steam pipe, for the mash tub. —
As the mashing requires only the steam for about
2, 1-2 hours, it is evident that the consumption of
wood cannot be so great during that time as to heat
a separate boiler. Upon the whole, we are decided-
ly of opinion that the machine will completely an-
swer the purposes either of distillers or brewers,
to whom we shall be at all times ready to give eve-
ry information in our power. Wishing you, there-
fore, all success, we remain, dear sir, your obedient
servants, MILLAR, FALCONER & CO.
Distillers, 37; Fourth-street, New-York.
Jlfr. Leonard Jieatty, Neio-York.
Galls. It is stated that the grand Sultan lias
prohibited the exportation of galls, the crop hav-
ing failed to supply what will be wanted for the
home demand.
Imsh debtors. A return to the house of commons
states the total number of debtors committed to
prison in Ireland, within the last ^five years, at
To'a,n of Columbus. \Ve have received the first
number of a paper now printed at Columbus, Ohio:
"This town is situated on the river Scioto, and is
intended to be the seat of government of Ohio. In
the centre of the town is a public square, on which
the state house and other buildings of brick :\re
erecting. Building lots, fronting on this square,
187£ feet, long by 62 1 feet broad, (says the edi:or
of this paper) sell for $2,000, and in no part of the
town for less than £>2GO.
Vevay, Indiana. In tiie second number of the
Indiana Register, a neat weekly paper published at
Vt'vay, we have an account of the town. Vevay
was laid out in the fall of 1813— but was a. forest
in 1814. In that year it was selected as a suitable
place for the seat of justice for Switzerland county.
It stands on the Ohio, 22 feet above the hig;u-s'.
freshet, 45 miles by land, 70 by water, below Cin-
cinnati, and contains seventy-five dwelling- houses,
besides shops, Sec. and has a brick, court-house, jail
and school house. A brick market house is con-
tracted to be built, and preparations are making
for building a house for public worship. It h^s h
stores, 3 taverns, 31 mechanics of different profes-
sions, with shops, &.c. 2 lawyers, 2 physicians, a
carding machine and a public library of 300 vols.
Receives a mail three times a week, and has several
mills in its neighborhood. The site is said to be
beautiful audit promises to become the centre of
the itiine business of the west, tiie grapes raised here
being of a very superior quality. One gentleman
calculates on making the present year 1,000 galls
of wine, which sells at 2§ per gallon,
ANCIKXT SOCIETY. The Society of Surgeons at
Paris, as is stated in alette address to Louis XVIII.,
was incorporated in the year 1255— more than Jive
centuries and a half ago!
Extract from "Long-worth's New-York Directory
dencc:"
I
"The New- York Directory contained in 1790,
about :
:
4,250 names
1792
;
5,698
1793 :
.
6,438
1796 and
'97 or 21st y.
Ara. Ind.
7,904
1797
'98
22d
do
9,126
1798
'99
23d
do
9,113
1799
1800
24th
do
9,934
18UO
1801
25th
do
10,200
1801
1802
26th
do
18U2
1803
27th
do
12,012
1803
18U4
28th
do
1804
1805
29th
do
11,319
1805
1806
30th
do
11,844
18J6
1807
31st
do
13,536
1807
1808
32d
do
13,776
1808
1809
33d
do
14,850
1809
1810
34th
do
1810
1811
35th
do
14, 600
1811
1812
36th
do
17,775
1812
1813
37th
do
17,700
1813
1814
38th
do
14,508
1814
iyu
,39th
do
15,850
1815
1816
40th
do
17,400
1816
1817
41st
do
19,409
Health of New- York. For tiie week ending July
7, only 26 deaths occurred in New- York.
J\C\L> York 1'rimary School. An annual report has
just been made of the common schools in the state
of New York. The returns were defective, but
those made were from 2621 schools, in which there
were instructed last year 140,106 children: and th<;
expence to the state incurred was 55,720 dollar-.
"The returns.," adds the superintendant, Mr. HAW-
NILES* WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY,. JULY 20, 1816.
iEY, "not being complete, and many of them being
defective in some one or more of their necessary
requisites, it is difficult to form any certain esti-
mate from them. Taking, however, the most cor-
rect and full returns for a criterion, it would ap-
pear, that there are within the state about five
thousand districts in which common schools are
established; that the number of children taught
in them is at least two hundred thousand; and
that the number of children between the ages of
iive and fifteen years, residing in those districts.,
is about two hundred and fifty thousand. The
city of Albany, and the city and county of New-
York, not being divided into school districts un-
der the act, are not included in this estimate. —
If the magnitude of these results be considered,
the legislature will perceive an object in the sup
port and encouragement of these common schools,
worthy of all the consideration that can be bestow-
ed on it."
From the Montreal Herald of June 22. Among the
objects which attract public notice, we were the
other day struck with the appearance of a hand
some Durham boat of the ordinary size, or of about
250 bbls. burthen. She was not intended for freight
but for passengers; she had a substantial round
house, 20 feet in length by 8 in width, well fitted
up with sides of painted canvas, such as stage-
coaches have; sixteen or twenty passengers can be
tolerably accommodated in this boat. The ques-
tion to the master naturally was, from whence
came you? from Schenectady. No interruption it
'the navigation? none, fpr an instant— at this season
we had more than enough of water for a larger ves
sel. Upon a reference to Mr. Lay's large map o
the state of New York, published in 1813, we find
the old portage between Mohawk river at Rome
and Wood Creek, of about four miles in length, is
now made navigable, by a canal for large barges
so that the tourist or traveller can leave Schenec
tady, arrive at Montreal without disembarking, am
return in the same manner. We make these re
marks on a circumstance not considered a matte
of wonder in the United States, where scarcely un
enterprize is looked upon as such; but we certain
ly do make them through a view of letting ou»- fel
low subjects in Canada know how far they are be
hind their neighbors in the improvements of intei
nal navigation in a country which possesses so ma
ny natural advantages.
[To estimate this article properly, it is necessar
for those unacquainted with the country to ex
ainine the map. Schenectudy is on the Mohawk r:
ver, near its junction with the Hudson, and onl
15J miles from Albany — so that by the Hudson, th
Mohawk, Wood creek, Oneida lake, Oswego river
lake Ontario, and the St. Lawrence, a water cai
riage is opened between New-York and Quebec.
ED. REGISTER.]
BANK OF NIAGARA. — The books were opened o
the 1st of last month at Bujfalu for subscriptions t
the Bank of Niagara, the capital of which was limi
ed at 400,000— but a million was subscribed. Wlu
-was Buffalo Jive years since?
TRAVELLING. — By a line of steam boats and stage
the passage to and from Philadelphia to New-York
is made "in one day in day light."
LOUISVILLE. — The people of the flourishing tow
of Jtotiisviilc, Ky. have prepared a petition to th
president and directors of the Bank of the Unite
States (that is to be) suggesting the propriety an
expediency of establishing a branch at that plac<
The reasons they urge appear worthy of high cons
deration. Louisville., beautifully situated at th
11s of the majestic Ohio, must become a place of
reat business. The capital already accumulated
icre is very respectable, and it is rising to impor-
ance with a rapidity never excelled, even in the
estern country.
THADE OF NKW-OKLT.ANS. A gentleman of this
ty lias been polite enough to favor us with the
Mowing statement of the trade of this rising city
— situated at the mouth of the Mississippi, and the
rand depot of the numerous products of the west-
m country. It forms an interesting document in
ur agricultural mid commercial sketches: — Compiler.
ESTIMATE
Of produce received annually at New -Chileans.
Cotton, bales
ugar, hhds.
60,000
11,000
lolasses, galls. 500,000
obacco, hhds.
carrots
lour in bbls.
Corn, in ear, bbis.
Vleal, bbls.
lice, bbls.
Beans, bbls.
Reef, bbls.
'ork, bbls.
Jaeon, Ibs.
iemp, cwt.
Tarns, reels of
1,000 Ibs.
Cordage, cwt.
3aling, coils
Bagging, pieces
'jinen, coarse, do.
7,000
75,000
60,00
1,000
9,000
3,000
5,00u
4,000
700,000
3,000
2,000
5,00i
3,OOC
10,OOC
2,50C
..ard, Ibs.
>oap, boxes
handles, do
fallow
beeswax, Ibs.
ialtpetre, Ibs.
250,000
10,000
2,000
30,000
50,000
4,500
300
Gunpowder, bbls.
Jnseed oil, do
Pot ashes
ndigo, Ibs. 7,000
Kettles and cast-
ings, points 200,000
Lead, cwt. 6,000
Shot, do 1,000
Bark,tanners cords 4,000
Nails, Ibs. 50,000
Tar, bbls. 7,000
Pitch, do 3,000
Rosin, do
Turpentine* do 1,OOQ
Whiskey, galls. 200,000 Masts and spars
"in, do 50,000 Plank
Taffia, do 180,000 Staves
Rum, do Furs
Beer, bbls. 1,000 Deer Skins
;ider,do 1,000 Hides 5,000
Apples, do 5,000 Bear skins 4,000
Potatoes, do 5,000 Flogs 1,000
Butter, Ibs. 10,000 Horses 300
SPIRITS. — The value of the spirits distilled, chief-
iy from grain, in the United States, amounts to 15 or
16,000,000 dollars. While this supports agricul-
ture, by carrying off a large portion of its surplus
products, at a time when there is so little foreign
demand for them, it aids the government consider-
ably by the revenue raised upon it.
STEAM CARRIAGE. — This engine, used on the rail
road at Leeds, in Yorkshire, Eng. is a four horse
power; and is so considerable in its powers, that
when tht; carriage is lightly loaded it travels at the
rate of ten miles an hour — but when loaded with the
weight of thirty waggons, which is frequently the
case, each weighing 3^ tons, it is propelled on a
dead level at the rate of three and a half miles an
hour. This is done at an expense of Jive-sixths km>
than by horses.
STEAM BOATS. St. Ckiirwitte, fWiio,J June 6.— On
Monday evening last the steam boat Washington
sailed from Wheeling for New-Orleans, under the
command of captain Henry M. Shreve. She got
under way about five o'clock, and in forty-five mi-
nutes made nine miles.
The steam boat Washington was built at Wheel-
ing by Mr. George White. Her keel was laid on the
10th of September last. In August, all her timbers
were growing in the woods. She is 148 feet in
length. Her main cabin is 60 feet; she has three
handsome private rooms, besides a commodious bur
room. She is furnished and equipped in a very su-
perior style. Gentlemen from New- York who URVP
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— FOREIGN ARTICLES.
been on board of her, assert that l>er accommoda-
clations exceed any thing they have seen on the
North river. She is owned by Messrs. Neal Gilles-
pie and Robert Clark of Brownsville, Messrs. Noah
Zane and George White of Wheeling, and eaptain
Shreve. Many who have seen and examined her,
announce her the finest steam vessel on the western
waters. Her steam power is applied upon an en-
tirely new principle, exceedingly simple and light.
She has no balance wheel, and her whole engine
possessing a power of one hundred horses, weighs
only nine thousand pounds. It is the invention of
captain Shreve.
Foreign Articles.
Lord Holland said, in a late debate, that the num-
ber of persons in England who were in favor of the
income tax, and of those in France who were in fa-
vor of the Burbons, might conveniently find room,
cither in Elba or St. Helena.
A letter from an officer in lord Exmouth's fleet
in the Mediterranean, is published in tile London
papers. It details the operations of that fleet be-
fore Algiers and Tunis, and adds the following:
"The fleet is now, 21st April, under weigh to
Tripoli; and when we shall have effected our ne-
g-ociations there, shall rendezvous at Cali, in Sardi-
.nia; go thence to Algiers to obtain a revision of a
treaty made by the dey with America, by which an
undue advantage has been granted to that nation,
as it respects the disposal of their prizes in the
dey's ports; and then we shall proceed to England.
(Ij'Expect a new war with Algiers.
Insurrections have broke out in Bulgaria and Ro-
melia — 27 heads of men had been sent to Constanti-
nople, and placed over the gates of the Seraglio —
this is — "order and law."
The princess Charlotte's husband has been made
a field marshal, and invested with the grand cross
•of the order of the Bath. A change in the Frencl
ministry is expected — the king's councillors an
much divided — the Jlngouleme-pavty seems on the
decline.
The mobs in several parts of England have beer
uncommonly numerous and daring — the people be
ing made desperate by oppression, the laboring
poor actually suffering for the necessaries of life
They have been suppressed by the same bayonet.
that cause the taxes to be collected. Near Ely
they made a sort of a tattle with the mercenaries
who were headed by a rosy-gilded priest (as a ma
gistratc) preaching the blessings of the govern men
to a starving populace. They paid no more atten
tion to him in the field, than he himself had done
to religion, and he ordered the soldiers to fire! —
They did so, and it was returned. Two "rioters'
were killed and several wounded and made prison
ers; and several of the soldiers were wounded and
hurt — but the former were beaten and dispersed.—
The military force was greatly increasing in thi
quarter. The rioters — "patriots," as they wouh
have been called in France against Bonaparte, de
stroyed many houses, barns, &c. The regeai, had
issued a proclamation about them, offering ' 100/
"from his majesty's treasury" for the appreiiensioi
and conviction of offenders.
PRUSSIAN DISCIPLINE. — The king of Prussia ha
a decree on the subject of secret societies. It no
tices the provisions of the general code, by whicl
the members of all societies, when required by .
magistrate, are bound to give an account of the ob
jects of their meetings; and all societies which cai
have any influence upon the safety «>,{' the state mus
e submitted to the examination and approbation of
ic government, under penalty of fine or corporal
mnishment. The decree of October 23, 1798, con-
lining various regulations respecting secret socie-
.es is republished, and ordered to be enforced,
eveval freemanson's lodges are expressly tolerated.
m discussions in printed publications relative to se-
ret societies, or the regulations respecting them
re forbidden on penalty of fine or corporal punish-
lent.
BONAPARTE.— The master of an American vessel,
oarded off St. Helena from a British sloop of war,
as informed that Napoleon "was d— d sulky." He
las a range of three miles, about which he rides and
falks at pleasure— round this a guard is station.-
d at speaking distance.
"THE TELLOW DWARF," a spirited periodical work,
ecently suppressed at Paris, has re-appeared at
Brussels, where it seems to be patronized by the
ting of the Netherlands. We have seen a long ar-
icle from the first number of the new establish-
nent— it begins with, "Am I then really free? Is it
rue that I can speak without lying, and not be plac-
id under the paternal protection of the police," &c.
t then goes on to draw a dreadful picture of French
iberty, gives a severe portrait of England, and eulo-
gizes Russia.
FRENCH AFFATRS.
Shot. — Gen. Chartrand, at Lisle, and the famous
painter David, at Paris.
Arrested. — Caulincourt, duke of Vicenza, and Con-
fined au secret — dungeoned; Didier, chief of the in-
surrection at Grenoble; and 54 at Paris alone, in
one day.
Disgraced. — Talleyrand and Fovcke "have decid-
edly lost the royal favor"— but the latter^ is said to
be in Germany writing his political memoirs. These
fellows have "boxed the compass" in roguery. IF
the truth comes to light, it will probably be found
that the latter had no small part of the credit of
gaining the battle of Waterloo. It is believed he
Burnished the allies with every thing that was im-
portant for them, that he could possibly obtain,
through the confidence Bonaparte placed in him.
Released. — It is confirmed that Savary and Lalle-
mand have been permitted to leave Malta. They
lave embarked for the United States.
The arrests in France are very numerous. Con-
spiracy after conspiracy is got up, or said to exist,
probably to give the government a pretext for de-
stroying disagreeable persons. Didier was "deli-
vered" by two of his accomplices, it is said, to re-
ceive the reward — 20,000 francs. A very rigid po-
lice exists at Genoa — every thing is looked into by
the government, and the people can hardly think,
freely: they talk of secret associations here for po-
litical purposes.
The correspondence between Wellington's head,
quarters at Cambray, and Paris, is very active. —
The Ottoman Porte has accepted the mediation of
Austria, and England to settle his differences with
Russia. A dreadful disease has broke out at Synd-
siord (South Holland) which carries off persons
eized with it in twelve hours.
London news to J\Iay 31. — Mr. Canning has accept-
ed the office of president of the board of control;
and a member of parliament in his stead is to be
chosen for Liverpool.
Mr. Brougham gave notice of a motion for the
destruction of the treasury records of the income
tax. The chancellor of the exchequer said they
should be destroyed. The object of Mr. B. is sup-
posed to have been partly to shew a detestation of
the tax; and partly because it was improper for g"Q-
350
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1816.
vernment to possess a schedule of each man's pro- -already laid on butter and cheese 100,000'.
perty.
Lord Grenville, last night, gave notice in parlia-
ment, of a motion ./*«• the next session, tending to en-
force a registration of slaves in the West-Indies;
'and lord Bathurst declared government to be ready
to concur in effecting the measure. [Tiiis will make
a great stir in the West-Indies. See page 335.]
The frigate Amphitrite and the Louvre, flute,
have sailed from France for Pondicherry, whh
count Dupuy and suite, governor of the French pos-
sessions in India.
Price of Stocks. — 3 per cent, consol. 64 13-28; do.
For acct. 65 15-28 31-82—3 per cent. red. 63 51-82—
4 per cents. 73 3-8—5 per cents. 93 15 28 — bank
stock 220^ 223.
Lady Hester Stanhope, niece and companion of
the late William Pitt, (according to the French pa-
pers,) is now at the head of three tribes of Bedouin
Arabs in Egypt. She had been an extensive travel-
ler in company with Bruce, lately tried at Paris,
and from a feeble, timid woman, has become a
strong and courageous Amazon. Her followers
look upon her as a superior being; and she declares
she will never forsake them.
By our private letters and journals from Paris of
i e 27th, we find the personages said to have been
the 27th, we nd the personages
implicated in the late conspiracy are,
Talleyrand,
Macdonalcl and Gouvion St. Cyr, as friends of the
duke of Orleans. But the opinion of their crimi-
nality already loses ground. There is much dif-
ference between "discontent" and "conspiracy." —
"The violence of the ultra royalists, the unreasona-
ble pretensions of the returned emigrants, the cour-
tiers who screen the brilliant characters of the re-
volution from the royal eye, (says a private letter,)
are the causes of dissitisfxtion." Marshal M^c-
., , On the
first year of the peace, a year always signalized by
a heavy loan, he announced that there would to a
reduction to the amount of nearly 3,000,000/.
London, May 23. — This day at one o'clock, there
was a very numerous meeting of directors and stock-
holders of the bank of England. The governor
opened the business of the meeting by the following
propositions : — 1. That the bank should lend to go-
vernment three millions sterling. 2. That the capital
of the bank should be augmented to $25, 100, >QQ,
that is, that its capital, which is eleven millions
should be increased fourteen millions. As the
last resolution required an act of parliament, the
necessary steps were immediately taken to carry
it into execution.
A private letter from Paris, of 22d May, after
announcing the arrest of CaUlincourt (Bonaparte's
duke of Vicenza) says — "M. Manuel, so distim
ed for his patriotism and eloquence in the hou.se of
representatives, has been also arrested, together
with 54 pci'S >ns of less note "While with a view
to quiet the Timilieries, Paris is kept in this state
of perturbation, the religious and politic d fanaticism
of the south has broken out with increased fury.
"We learn, from good authority, that in the course
of lust week a geserai rising took place at Nismes,
which terminated in the massacre of a great num-
ber of the Protestants, and in the destruction of
their dwellings. It is confidently stated, that at
least one half of the city has fallen a prey to the
flames.
of
earche's
consequence maxle in ever}7 quarter, and
in one instance a detachment of gen-d'armes was
ordered to surround an inn at Versailles, where he
"Government had received notice, it appears,
Vandamme's being in the vicinity of Pa:-is; search
donald was complaining to the count d'Artois the! was supposed to be secreted. These men closely
other day of the severity, if not injustice of the po- ! examined every person found in the house, and
lice to his aid-de-camp, who was arrested. He may
be giddy, said the marshal, but he is no conspira-
tor. I don't know, replied the count, you may be
mistaken; "you are yourself a little revolutionary."
"lam not "revolutionary," replied the marshal,
"but I am a man of the revolution." —
being disappointed in their principal object, they,
to justify their inquisitorial proceeding, carried of}",
as suspicious characters, three individuals who hap-
pened to be unprovided with passports.
"Private letters from Lyons describe the pre-
i tended enthusiasm fur royalty, in very different
A letter from the agent of Lloyd's, dated Mar-1 terms from the statements which have lately ap-
seilles, May 18th, states that in the beginning of peared in the papers,
that month, an insurrection broke out at Tunis; "The national guard, instead of spontaneously of-
that the insurgents killed the Bey, and offered the
crown to his brother, who refused it; that they got
possession, by stratagem, of the galeta and forts,
and spiked the guns; that they then took posses-
sion of 5 corsairs, armed with 10 and 12 guns each;
one brig 20 guns, 170 men; 1 brig 18 guns; 2 schoo-
fering to march against their fellow-citizens at Gre-
noble, were compelled by the menacing interfer-
ence of the gens d'armerie and royal guard to pro-
ceed in separate detachments on the road to that
city. But no sooner did night come on, than escap-
ing from the gendarmes, who conducted, or rather
ners 10 guns', with which they sailed, taking with! escorted them, they disbanded and returned to
them considerable booty, and several of the princi- ihcir homes, from which it has been fou
pal people, supposed for Constantinople.
MissO'Neil has refused 2,000 guineas for an en-
gagement for three weeks at the Birmingham thea-
tre.
"Letters from Leghorn say, lord Exmouth's late
proceedings have not given that general satisfac-
tion which might huve been expected. The no-
blest conduct on our part is sure to be misinter-
preted and attributed to private views by the friends
of revolutionary France. This is the result or' \\ ••>-
nap^rte's continental system, and the natural jea-
lousy which accompanies our elevated position.
From the Jlfontinff Post of 3.1 a 11 23.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer brought forward
last night the Budget of the year. The supplies of
the year 1816 amount to 25,140,186k The ways and
means estimated at 27",305,271/. The soap regula-
tions are expected to produce 200;000/; the taxes
found impossi-
ble to tear them a second time. The stratagem em-
ployed to decoy them from the town, was that of
collecting ihem in small parties in its neighborhood
upon pretence of exercising and reviewing them.
When thus once collected, thev were marched,
some by force and others by persuasion, towards
their destination."
"Itr.sTOHATiox." Torture at ^Madrid — Vicente
Richard, a despicable enthusiast, suspected of plot-
ting to produce a counter revolution in Spain, was
seized and imprisoned in Madrid on the ilMh of
February. On the r.ick, he -..ceased as his accom-
plices the ex-general Renovales, don Hainan (Jala-
trava, don Juan O'Donejiif, and don Ju:;n Antonio
Yandiola. Olatrava and llenovales flc-d, but Van-
die] a and O'Donejue, unsuspicious of an accusation
so completely groundless, were arrested and thrown
into dung-eons. They were then put to the torture,
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— CHRONICLE.
35 i
to extort confessions from them. O'Donejue had
the nails of his hands and feet torn off the roots —
his life is despaired of. Yandiola was chained to
the ground, and an enormous weight was placed on
his breast for 43 hours. They both persisted in their
innocence to the last. Yandiola was not liberated
from torture until he had become speechless and
gone into convulsions — he now lies dangerously ill.
— Land, paper.
CHRONICLE.
We much regret to learn that the dwelling house
of the late col. Ha-wkins has been consumed by fire,
and in it all his valuable manuscripts. Thu; is a loss
to the world, lie devoted much of his time to sci-
ence and literature, and is supposed to have beeM
more conversant with the character and traditions
of the Indians than any man that ever lived; and it
was hoped much might have been given to us eluci-
datory of their history.
JVew- Orleans. — The water of the Mississippi had
entirely subsided on the 20th of June — none run-
ning through the crevasse. The weather had been
so hot and dry, that places which were covered
with five feet of water three weeks before, were
"literally parched up."
VEyEzuELA, OH CARACAS. — We are heartily de-
voted to the success of the patrio's of South Ame-
rica, as are the people of the United States gene-
rally; and all seem desirous or' doing something
for them, as well as wishing them well. Principle
and interest are happily combined in it. We have
the following intelligence from this quarter since
our last. It appears that at Tortola the republicans
have a commissioner to publish their bulletins, &c.
Gen. Uolivar has been allowed to take the station
of first oiacer of the republic of Venezuela; has
called for a congress, and has established a Gazette
at Marguerita.
TORTOLA, June 19. — Extract from Bailio's Gazette,
published at JMrnguerita in May hist.
(TRANSLATION.)
Intercepted documents from the Spanish general
of Caracas, and the governor of the Island of
Marguerita.
Dispatch from captain general Jlfoxo, to governor
Urrd~ticta.
In consequence of the information I have received
from the governor of Cumana, I send you all the
assistance I 'have within my reach, which consists
of one company of the Crown Battalion, in very
good condition, and commanded by an excellent
officer.
1 direct you to set aside all humane consideration
(1). All the Insurgents and those who follow them,
bearing arms or unarmed; those who have assisted
or now assist them; in short, all who have taken
part in the crisis in which that Island is placed,
must be shot without remission, without any formal
process (2) and only by verbal adjudication of
three officers.
There shall not remain in that Island any other
horses or mules, than such as are necessary for the
service of the dragoons and officers of infantry; and
you will send the remainder to the governor of
Cumana, without allowing one to remain with uny
individual in that Island (3)
As soon as tranquility is re-established, you will
send back to me the company I have placed under
your command, as I am threatened on ail sides,
and am in the greatest want of their co-operation.
We need not be dismayed : Valor has always
triumphed over nurebors. niv! if, nc; I bdicve if to
be the case, the Squadron of dragoon* is in action,
they will suffice to exterminate the miscreants who
still wish to plant their bones in this Island.
I repeat to you my charge of activity, and that
from being inexorable (4), you may announce to
me the entire subjection of that band of roguesr
who have so much abused our natural goodness and
clemency (5)
May Gon preserve you many years.
Caracas, &2ttJVov. 1815.
SALVADOR DE MOXO, Capt. gen. ad interim.
To Don Joaquin Urraiztietn.
Another; from governor Urrei:tietay to
Captain Garrigo.
You will remain in your post until capt. Joeiqiiiu
Soinosa with 40 men shall reach it. — Immediately
on their arrival you will march to the Northward,
:«nd by all means take that post, acquainting me
,viih eVery occurrence.
You will not give quarter to any person (6) and
you will allow pillage (7) to the troops as soon as
they arrive. If you think the enemy is weak, you
will continue your march to San Juan; but of this,
you will inform me when you arrive to the North-
ward.— You will burn the town of San Juan and
retire when every thing is quiet (8). — The city of
the North shall also be burnt (9) when you return
rom San Juan.
Use all the means you may deem expedient to
establish the good character of the corps (10)
Gou preserve you many years.
City of'Marguenta 17 th Mv. 1815.
JOAQUIN .UKREIZTIETA.
Captain Don Juan Garrigo.
XTOTM.
(1) This advice is useless, as no Spaniard has
possessed humane consideration.
(2) This is the Penal Code the Spaniards have
observed toward* the Americans from the conquest
to the present day.
(3) Such vexations have not been witnessed in
the history of any nation.
(4) Mr. JWoxo forgets he is writing to Mr.
Urreiztieta, as he directs him to be what he is
too much already; as will be seen by his orders
against the North city given by anticipation.
(5) Clemency ! Spanish Clemency ! ! ! ! — No Spa-
nish heart has experienced that generous sentiment.
(6) And it will then be asked who makes war
without giving quarter, the Patriots or Spaniards;
the refusing quarter to persons of every description,
has only hitherto been practised by the Spaniards
in America, where they butchered fifteen millions
of Indians, and now they have sacrificed above three
millions of their own sons.
(7.) Pillaging is a very ancient practice of the
Spaniards ! — What necessity is there to permit it?
(^8.) This is the tranquility the Spaniards wish
the Americans to enjoy, who will then set fire to
the city and murder the inhabitants.
(9.) What a gratification to conquer ashes.
(10.) In truth, he preserved the character of the
corps, allowing himself to be beaten as usual; and
he could not preserve that of incendiaries, assassins
and thieves, which they have so much merited.
SOUTH AMKHICA. Official account of the capture
of Santa Fee, the capital of New Granada:
"Carthugena, June 2, 1816,
His excellency the governor and captain general
of the kingdom, don Francisco de Montalvo, has
just received the following official despatch from,
his excellency, don Pablo Morillo, commander ia
chief' of the expeditionary army.
»T/»i-f ?xc'.'!!?nt -v/1" — Tho king;'-* trsons, undo? t:1 •
353 NJLES* WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 20, 181G.
orders of colonels don Miguel de la Terre and don
Sebastian de la Calzada, entered the capital of this
vice kingdom on the 6th of this month; and the in-
surgents with their pretended government, and the
remains of their bands, are flying in terror in every
direction. Some of the ignorant people who have
suffered themselves to be seduced, are now unde-
coived, desert and return to their homes.
In a very short time, the whole of this country
•will be entirely pacified, which has suffered so
much from the excesses of a few wretches, headed
fcy foreigners and by some emigrants from Carac-
cas, who have never had any other object in view,
but that of robbery and plunder, which they have
practiced every where.
I communicate the foregoing intelligence to your
excellency for your satisfaction and information,
and for that of the faithful inhabitants of the tran-
quil provinces. God preserve your excellency ma-
ny years.
Head-quarters, San Gil, May 17, 1816.
PABLO MORILLO.
To his excel, don Francisco de Montalvo.
The Caracas Gazette, of the 1st of May, contains
the official letter of col. Calzada to gen. Morillo,
dated Pie de Cuesta, 25th February. According to
which, three days before, on the heights of Cachiri,
he had completely routed the patriots under ]ti-
caurte, Santander, Madrid, and the sambo Arevalo,
killing upwards of 1000 men, including 40 officers,
wounding 200, taking 500, inclusive of 28 officers,
prisoners, besides 2 guns, 4 stand of colors, 750
muskets, ammunition, cattle, &c. falling into his
hands, and all this with the loss only 150 veterans
killed and wounded.
INDIANA is to be the name of the new state. The
convention has agreed, 37 votes to 4, to accept the
terms offered by congress. A constitution has been
frai'Cjed, and the first Monday of August next is fix-
d upon £>v the general ejection under it. Corydon,
25 mites fro-ii? Louisville, Ky. is established us the
seat of government for nine years,
In Charleston, S. G. a man has been sentenced to
death for knowingly passing a counterfeit dollar,
Bunder a statute of that act of 1783.)
The U. S. schooner Firebrand, lieut. Cunning-
ham, arrived at Cape Henry, (Hayti) on the 15th
ult. from New-Orleans, with despatches from go-
vernor Claiborne to effect the liberation of Mr. Du-
plesis from prison.
[Lieutenant Cunningham, it is stated, has effected
the object of his voyage and sailed for home.]
Spain. We have several reports that Ferdinand
mid his monks are outrageously offended with the
United States, for taking possession of their own
property in what has been recently called Florida.
Certainly, we have no wish for war — but if any war
can be politic, a dust with his donship might be
so. It would give us life, activity and business,
with plenty of specie; and redeem the new world
from the hohj inquisition.
A letter from an officer of high rank in our Me-
diterranean fleet, to his friend in Portland, says —
"Major Hall has returned from Madrid. Mr. Mur-
ray, 'late secretary of legation, came with him. —
They are of opinion that Spain will declare war
against us: but such is her present deplorable con-
dition, that I am persuaded she clares not do it. —
She has, however, a regular army of 100,000, many
of them good troops — and if England could be in-
duced to join her by the cession of Florida, they
might make sad work on our southern frontier."
Another American vessel on lake Erie, the schr
jiaHWt has been fired at and boarded from the 7<?
cwnseh, while lying within the waters of Put-/.
n the state of Ohio,
Hardy laborers, ingenious mechanics, intelligent
merchants, learned doctors, profound philosophers
fathers denies them. Among others, we hear that
Mina, the younger, the famous Spanish general, and
Dr. Mier y Guerra, a learned native of Mexico, and
a warm friend of freedom, have recently arrived
from London. We huve the following article from
the Vevay, Indiana Register.' — "M. JMkanal, a dis-
tinguished French gentleman, (member of the na-
tional institute of France, and of the legion of ho-
nor) remarkable for his republican principles, has
lately arrived here with his family. He has porchas-
ed an estate on the bank of the Ohio, two miles
above Vevay, on the Kentucky side. M Vairin, ji
professor of mathematics, lias also arrived from
France^ with a part of his family — he has purchased
a farm on the river, one mile below Vevay. May
happiness attend ^thern in our land oi' liberty — then-
adopted country."
THE CHEKOKEK TREATY. Much sensibility exists in
Tennessee on account of the treaty lately concluded
with the Cherokee nation of Indians, under the im-
pression that a large and very valuable tract of land,
ceded by the. Creeks, has been given to the Cfiero.
kees. Whether that has or has not been the case,
is doubted by some — for the Indian boundaries, it
is supposed, have not been clearly ascertained in
all cases. But at several meetings held in Tennes-
see the fact as to the cession is absolutely assumed,
(the people of that state, it must be presumed, have
a good opportunity of knowing its merits) and reso
lutions have been adopted thereon, having for their
object a proper investigation of the subject. This
is well enough, and we hope it will be examined
into \vith a zeal to do what is right, and te'mper to
discern it.
The people of Tennessee also, grievously complain
that their gallant militia have not yet been paid off \
From what is stated, it does not appear that the
government at Washington has neglected its duty in
this respect. But it becomes those concerned to
ascertain where the fault lies — and the head should
be responsible for the doings of its members.*
Indian news. Some late depredations committed
at Boone's Lick are laid upon a party of Sacks and
Winnebagoes. Brig. gen. Smith, with nearly 1,000
men, has ascended to Rock river, and is building a
strong fort. The Indians requested him to desist-;
but he went on with his work, and they continued
friendly. He was also about to baild a fort at Pra-
rie du Chien — 300 of the rifle regiment have left
Belle Fontaine to join him. Several white men
have been killed by the Pawnees and Osages, pro-
bably for trespassing on their hunting grounds.—
They complain that a few white, hunters kill more
buffaloes in one year, than will support 10,000
people for the same period. Thousands of these
animals are slaughtered for their tongues and tal
low: 4,000 of them are said to have been killed to
get one boat load of tallow. This is really a hard-
ship on the Indians, and ought not to be permitted
*We are authorised, by documents we have bvcn,
to state, that the pay -master-general, Mr. Brent, has
since the 10th of April, 1815, placed at the dispo-
sal of his deputies in the state of Tennessee, about
1,200,000 dollars, for the pay, &c. of the troops of
that state, exclusive of Indian warriors, who have-,
been separately provided for. [National Intel,
FILES' WEEKLY REGISTER.
No. 22 OF VOL. X.]
BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1816.
[WHOLK
JJac olim meministse juvalnt. — VIRGIL.
PH1NTKH ANT) PXIHT-ISHED BY H. NILKB, AT TH|1 HTCA1) OF CHF.APSTttK, AT §5 PKK A^MJM.
Darby's Louisiana.
*^e have jusl now received Mr. Darby's map of
Louisiana, accompanied by a topographical descrip-
tion of that interesting and important member of
the American union. A good map of the state was
U great desideratum, and happily it appears that in
the present we have all we could wish. It is so
strongly marked with evidences of the zeal, indus-
try and fidelity of its indefatigable author, that we
were prepared to hear of the years of toil and travel
it cost him — and of the hardships he suffered per-
sonally to ascertain the facts he would treat of.
We recommend this map most heartily to all who
desire correct information of Louisiana; and it is
with great pleasure we learn, that the talents and
care of the delineator are duly esteemed by an en-
lightened public — may they be rewarded as they
might ! But as such works, generally; are only local-
ly distributed, or by their price naturally confined to
the hands of the few, we have thought it might be
useful to our readers to give a brief outline of all
the most important information contained in his to-
pographical account. The population of the Atlan-
tic states, already
« — o'ei-flo\ving, yet not full"—
pouring its thousand streams into the west — gives
peculiar importance to all new knowledge relative
to this new member of the great union — the mout
varied, the most fertile, the most interesting, and
the least known.
For a classifying idea of the face of the country
we may take the following principal features, such
us they would present themselves to the eye of a
spectator, could the whole be comprehended at one
view. On the east side of the Mississippi would
appear a long stripe of rich land, near the shore
covered with various species of oak, hickory, sweet-
gum, sassafras, poplar, and other trees indicative of
fertility, but broken into hills, though none are of
great elevation. The very margin of the river would
}iresent a line of lakes, interrupted here and there
by the protrusion of the bluffs. Eastwardly would
be seen a line of pine Woods, of irregular breadth,
jrradually sinking into the low lands of the Mobile.
Farther south, in the space between those two great
rivers, would appear the rivers Amite, Tickfah,
Tongipao, Pearl and Pascagoula, entering the chain
of lakes Maurepas, Ponchartrain, the Rigolets
Eorgne, &.c. that wind from the mouth of the Amite,
near the Mississippi, southeastwardly to the mouth
of the Mobile: a region of swamps and high pine
tracts, confused with the infinite interlocking of
lagoons and bayous, that chequer the mouths of all
those rivers. Keeping the eye still south along the
\Vindings of the Mississippi, and passing onwards to
the Gulf of Mexico, there would appear the same
variety of intermingled, and infinitely complicated,
bayous, lakes, woods, morasses, barren pine hills,
ri-its, and tracts of exuberantly rich alluvion. North-
ward, along- the western side of the Mississippi,there
is little change to be seen; except the gradual dis-
uppe.-ir.tnce of the morasses. Rivers running in and
running out of that great father of North American
rivers—uniting with each other, separating, and
winding into y, thousand ma*es. Amongst them
yni v
would appear the deep forests of cotton wood, willow,
elm, maple, and other trees that belong to a soil ot°
the first quality — and those mixed with the great
cane and palmetto. The most conspicuous objects
within the limits of lower Louisiana would be, the
Atohafalaya, the Red-riVers, and the Tensaw. Fur-
ther west, a new and astonishing scene would open
to the view — first, the wide green plains of Attaca-
pas and Opelousas, varied by irregular chains of
woods, narrow and indented, running along the ri-
vers. Beyond those seas of grass, another forest ot*
pine would be seen commencing, and, leaving- tlu1
lied-river on the right, would, at a great distance,
melt into the immense prairies towards the Panis
villages.
The Red-river, like its great rival, the Mississppi,
would present an inextricable net work of bayous and
lakes; and the space between those two would ex-
hibit the elongation of the abovementioned ph»e fo-
rest, reaching from above lat. 33 deg. to the heads
of the former river, but becoming thinner, imper-
ceptibly, towards the north. Out of this great forest
the Ouachitta would appear meandering, until lost
n the delta of the Mississippi. Beyond, lat 34° 30'
the country would, for the first time in this vast
range, be seen elevated into mountain* The Mas-
sernes, extending from west to east two hundred
miles, may be considered the great natural outline
between what was called Lower and Upper Louisi-
ana. Beyond these rugged, but not high, moun-
tains would be seen the vast savannahs that occupy
so much of our continent, variegated and indent&j,
by the woods, along the rivers, while the imagina-
tion would be lost in the wide extent.
Westward, beyond the boundary of Louisiana,
that is, from the Subine river, are immense plains,
resembling the desert Steppes of Asia, north of the
Caspian and Aral seas, except that they are not so
barren. This character continues to the Califor-
nian mountains, where the soil presents only sand.
and beds of rock. Where the rocks are Raked,
plenty of water is found, but very little where the
surface is vegetable earth. Over this tract the Hie-
tans wander, like the Nomadic tribes of Tartars and
Arabs, following the herds of buffaloe, that chuiigo
their pasture with the seasons.
No prospect can be more awfully solitary than
that from the mouth of the Subine. A few trunks
of trees, thrown on the shore by the surf of the sea,
and scattered clumps of myrtles^ are the only ob-
jects that arrest the eye, from the boundless ex-
panse of gulf,and equally unlimited waste of prairie.
About twelve miles from the mouth of the Sabine,
commences the Sabine lake, which is about twelve
miles wide and twenty -five long. It is at the head
of this lake that the Netchez and Sabine rivers
unite. The great range of pine forests that occupv
the space from the prairies of Opelousas to the Red-
river, wind along the Sabine. The general surface
of this region rises gradually from prairies into
hills; the principal range of which pursues nearly
the same course as the Subine, at the distance o"f
twenty or twenty- five miles from the ri-,er, and di-
vide the waters that flow into it from those that flow'
into the Red river ami Calcasu. Along the creeks,
through this tract of country, ;<re fouMd spots of pro-
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 27> 1316.
ductivc soil. Pine and oak are the prevailing- lim-
ber on SMC') situations, and pasturage is abundant
din-ing the months of spring1 and summer; but want
of water during- the dry seasons is the greatest de
feet of that coimlrv.
Xo settlement of civilized people has been made
on the Sabine, except one family where the road
tro;T.' Te.v.-is to N":.!tchUoches crosses it, and on some
of Uie creeks, a frw Americans and Spanish refugees
thi,->i St. Vntonio and Xacogdoches.
Red river rises in the low sandy hills, called Caous
mountains, near Santa Fe. The D.icheet and Sr-dine
are the most remarkable brandies of this great
stream, which has been hitherto known to geogra-
phers only near its mouth. The IXxheet waters a
great ran .ore of rich soil, which firms the northwest
angle of the Loul-i^na state. The S.ilhe is a valua-
ble salt flat, from which any quantity of that mine-
ral might be procured that the population of the
s'-ate could require. L,:ke Bistineau is the mouth
of the D-.tc.heet, where it communicates with Re-'1,
river. It affords n curious picture of recent changes
on the f:ce of nature. The medium d'.-pth of the
Like is from fifteen to twenty feet, and at the lowest
never less than ten or twelve, though the, remains of
cypress trees of all sizes, now dead, and most of
them with the tops broken off, remain, standing-, in
the deepest parts. Xo tree in Louisiana will live
with its roots constantly underwater — even the cy-
press perishes when submerged during the whole
year. The sarne phenomenon was observed by Clark
and Lewis in the Columbia river. The largest tri-
butary stream of the Red river is the Black river,
or as it is generally called, the Ouachitta. The val-
ley of the river is nearly in the form of a semi-elipse,
350 miles long and from 70 to 80 wide, comprehend-
ing 25,000 square miles of surface. It IIMS im-
mense tracts of fine arable soil, while some places
indicate great mineral wealth; and all of it enjoys
a most s-dubrious climate. All changes of situation
of alluvial deposition, annual inundation, prairies,
hills of a thousand forms and appearances, moun-
tains of no mean elevation or extent, successively
open their varieties on the eye of the delighted tra-
veller.
The Tensaw falls into the Ouachitta on the east,
<and the Ocatahoolu en the west, at the same place;
from thence the stream is called the Black river,
which, after a winding course of ubout thirty miles,
uni;es with the R<><1 river. AbouJ thirty miles be-
low this junction, the Red river falls into the Mis-
sissippi. It seems to be a peculiarity of the lakes,
near the mouth of the Red river, that they are mere-
ly reservoirs to receive and regorge the surplus wa-
ters of the rivers. For instance, it is observed at
Sp-nish lake and at the Natchitoches lakes, when
the. Red river begins its annual rise, the water runs
•with a strong current into the lakes, and when the
summer heat occasions the river to fall, the lakes
relir n a rapid current into the river.
T.i-e \tchafahy:-. flows out of the Mississippi three
miles belo\v the mouth of the Red river, and is con-
sidered by Mr. Da '.•!>}• as haying been originally only
t!<e continuation of that stream. During the spring
f-oshes, the wider th;it runs out of the Mississippi,
by the numerous lagoons or outlets, is received bv
the bavou AT;;.'o.'! and Tensaw river, and thrown,
first into the Black river, then into the Red river,
and by it returned to the Mississippi to be immedi-
ately discharged into the Atchafalaya.
Xot Jess than 100,000 acres of sugar-cane land is
rendered almost useless, by the great collection of
floating- timber on this river', called 'the raft.' About
forty years ago, this raf began to fonn, and it hi«5
still continued to increase until now Mr. Darby*
in 1808, estimated the timber in it at 2,250,000 solid
cords. The distance between the extremities being
ibove twenty miles, and the depth of 'he mass m
he main part ubout eight feet deep. Towards au-
tumn the surface of the raft is perfectly covered
v.-ilh the most beuutiful flowers; at which season
the loneiir ess of the scene is relieved by the perpe-
tual hum of bees.
From the head of the A<charaluya to the mouth,
following the windings, it is 190 miles; through
which extent of country a great part of the lands
re subject to the annual overflow.
The Prairie grand Chevreuil begins between the
overflown lands of the Alchafulaya and the Teche
rivers, on the west of the former, following the di-
rection of 'lie Teche, nearly north — sometimes north
west,tf Tminates eight miles east of Opelausas. Most
of the pivir.ie is extremely rich, particularly on the
boder of the Teche. The timber consists of seve-
ral species of hickory, sycamore, sweet gum, black
, willow ouk, American elm, m:o: 'olia, sassafras,
&.c. with some live oik below lat. 3'.* 15*. The soil
is a rich, friable, black loam, from a foot to eigh-
teen inch.es deep — and the climate, though *he plice
be surrounded with swamps and lagoons, is mild
and healthful.
The rivers that fall into the Gulf of Mexico, west
f the Atchafalaya, are, first, the Vermillion, second,
the Mermentau, and, lastly, the Calcusu; each of
which has a large lake near its mouth, bearing the
same nanvrs. The country between the Mermentau
and Atchafalaya, extending 115 miles along the gulf,
and about 90 north, is called the Attacap^s. Within
this there is a great prairie, bearing the s:»me name.
Considerable tracts are subject to inundation, but
many parts possess the highest degree of fertility.
North and east of this lies the Opelausas, extend-
ing to the S.ibine, and forming the south-western
corner of the state. It has several large prairies —
the Opelausas prairie — on the north oft hat the Grand
prairie, tlie prairie Mamon, prairie Calcasu, and the
Sjbine pn.irie. The first of these contains upwards
of 1,120,000 acres. Rich soil and good timber are
found along the southern and eastern parts of this
district; but the rest is wild, and most of it barren
— occupied only by great herds of cattle and buf-
fuloe.
Sixty or seventy miles above Orleans, at Donald-
sonville, there is an outlet from the Mississippi, rai-
led Lafourche river, which, like the Atchafrlaya,
lo?;es almost all iis current in the fall season, when
the parent s re;uns become low. The margin of 'the
Lafourche is peopled, and the -shores defended by
leve. s i'ar below tide water. From the rise of this
river to its mouth on the Gulf of M? xico, is up-
wards of sixty miles, through the parish of La-
f'mrche. This is an important portion of the state,
is it lies within the sugar climate, and has a great
proportion of its area capable of culture.
Along the Mississippi river there is a range of
smaller parishes, the names, extent and population
o ' which \vill be found in our table of the popula-
tion, &.C. Of these, beginning at the mouth of the
river, the first is PLiquemines, bounded on the west
and north-west by the mrish of Orleans, south by the
Gulf of Mexico, Vis b Chandeleur bay, and north
by iake Borgne. T' etv are some settlements above
Fort St. Philip, but confined to the banks of the
.Mississippi, where they raise cotton, rice, indigo,
maize, &c. but particularly sugar. Below this point
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— TO THE PEOPLE OF THE IT. STATES.
the land is at the level of high tide. It is untim-
bered, barren, and an irreclaimable morass.
The parish of Orleans is bounded on the north by
lake Ponchartrain and the Rigolets, east by lake
Borgne, west by the parish of St. Bernard's and the
interior of Lafourche. The greatest part of the
surface of this district is morass covered with dif-
ferent kinds of grasses.
Continuing up the river we pass the parish of St.
Bernard, or German coast; the parish of" St. Charles,
or Bonnet Quarre; St. John Baptiste, or Cantrell's
parish, and St. James, or the parish of Acadien
coast. Though the New river runs through, and
the Amite forms part of the outline of this parish,
there is little or no land cultivated within it, ex-
cept on the margin of the Mississippi. For the first
time, on the island of Orleans, appears the loblolly
pine, black and Spanish oak. The latter, all through
Louisiana, indicates the transition from recent to
more ancient alluvion. Sugar may be considered
the staple of the Acadien coast. Next are the pa-
rishes of Ascension, Ibberville, East and West Baton
ftouge, Point Coupee, New Feliciana, Avoyelles and
Concordia.
On the eastern side of the Mississippi from op-
posite the mouth of the Red river, or rather from
the her.d of the Atchafalaya, extends the part of
Louisiana called Mississippi territory, being bound-
ed on the south by the 31st degree of latitude.
In many parts of this tract, near the Mississippi,
there is a deficiency of fresh water springs. There
are many expensive swamps and irreclaimable de-
serts of pine; but a considerable portion of the ter-
ritory possesses tolerable fertility. It abounds with
cane and is well suited for raising cattle. The ge-
neral features have been alrtady'sketched, and Mr.
Darby's work adds little or nothing to the stock oi
information already on hand relative to the eastern
portion of the state.
Phiquemines,
Orleans, ....
St. Bernard, -
St. Charles,
St. Jean Buptiste, -
St James,
Ascension, -
Assumption ...
Interior of Lafourche, >•
Ibberville, . - .- *
West Baton Rouge,
Point Coupee, •>• <
St. Mary's and St. Martin*,
Attacapas, -
St. Landre Opelousas,
Natchitoches,
Ouachitta, •
Rapid esj - .
Ocachoola,
Concordia, - -
Avoyelles, .
New Feliciana,
East Baton Itouge, -
St. Helena, - -
St. Tajmnany, -
1,500
'400
300
150
170
350
500
2,500
350
850
600
5,100
7,600
10,600
4,000
2,300
2,000
2,ioo
700
l,o5tn
500 [
1,300 (
M O
a- *
s
1,549
1,020
3,291
2,99'.
3.955
2,219
2,472
1,995
2,679
1,463
4,539
7,369
5,048
2,870
1,077
2,300
1,164
2,875
1,109
10,000
To the People of the United States.
From Gobbetl's Political Jtegister, May 18, 1816,
LETTER xin.
John Bull's great Lottery — John Bull's Bulwark
in peace — John Bull's CounterbufF.
Motley, 18th May, 1816.
You have lotteries in your country, and I think,
it would be a great deal better for your morals if
you had none. Qualify the thing- how we please,
be the object of it what it may, still it is gaming;
it is, at the very best, a game at hazard — it is an
endeavor, to get money out of the pockets of others,
by exciting in those others a hope which, upon the
whole, must of necesssity be false; and, where is
there any man of character, who would not be
ashamed to acknowledge, that he had wilfully and
deliberately excited a false hope in another for the
purpose of getting money from him. But, I am
now about to talk to YOU of a lottery of a very
different description indeed. It is John Bull's great
annual lottery. You have blanks as well as prizes
in all your lotteries; and so have we in some of
ours. Those who put into your lotteries purchase
tickets, or shares of tickets — so it is in some of ours.
Bat, in John Bull's great national annual lottery,
there are no blanks, and the parties give nothing for
their tickets.
Not to keep you longer in suspense, this is the
nature of the thing. Just after Easter Tuesday, the.
officers of the several parishes hold a meeting, at
which, by the way of lottery, they distribute amongst
the moat able parishioners, young paupers to be
kept by the said parishioners and brought up by
them in their own houses, or at any rate, maintained,
by them, clothed, fed, lodged, and doctored, ai
their own particular expence, until they gprow uj:
358
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1810.
to be rrien or women. Luckily I have just had a
prize drawn for me in this lottery; a girl, about 10
or 12 yeurs of age. So that -besides about six hun-
dred dollars a year that I pay towards the keeping
of the paupers in money, I shall if I live so long,
h;.ve this girl upon my hands for 7 years ! This is
bii'.-John Bail's great lottery. If I had all my share
of paupers quartered upon me as this girl is, I
should have about twenty eight of all ages. This
number I maintain and have maintained for years,
while, upon an average, I have not employed more
than twelve laborers, or thirteen at most, including
garden and every thing. In my own house we are
twelve iltogether. So that I have more than one
pauper to every other human being moving within
the sphere of my support.
These facts, which 1 state
in the face of the
country and of my own neighbors, cannot be denied;
and it is frotn facts like these that we are enabled
to judge of the real state of the nation. The coaches
and chariots and landaus that rattle through the
squares and streets of London;, the forests of masts
that rise in the seaports; the loads of pearls and
diamonds that shine at the court; even the beautiful
mansions and pleasure grounds that are seen- all
round the metropolis; these; no' one; no, nor all
these put together, are a proof of the prosperity of
a nation : all these may exist, and the nation be
plunged in the deepest of misery and degrada-
tion.
Let any sensible man apply his mind1 to this sub-
ject for a moment, and (for it is worth his while)
trace this poor girl to her probable fate; and then
he will see the effects of a taxing and pauperising
system. What am 1 to do with this child, whom
the law compels me to take and maintain ? 1 know
not whether she be a bastard or orphan or one of a
family whose father and mother are alive. She is
forced upon me to be kept and reared up by me.
Were' I so disposed, it would be impossible for me
her conduct. I must of necessity leave her to the
care of some other person. My intention is to
pl-ace her in a farm house, under the authority of
a woman, who may teach her, perhaps, to feed
pigs and poultry, to milk, and make butter and
cheese; but, can I expect any one to have due care
of the moral behavior of this girl? Yet, what is
to become of her ? Can I point out any thing better
I cannot; for, in the poor house her chance would
be infinitely worse. My wife ? Faith she has the
reaving of her own children to attend to:: Her
time is as precious as mine; for no children of ours
will have to reproach us with having fed them from
mercenary breasts, or with having committed theii
education to hirelings.
I do not complain of the expense imposed upon
me- in this instance. 1 do not complain of any un-
f.iirness in the drawing of the lottery. My neigh-
bors would scorn to act
so mean. But, I comph
of a state of things, that imposes upon me a duty
which it is out of my power to perform. All I can
possibly do is, to see that this girl has plenty of food
and clothing, and that she is properly lodged, and
duly attended in sickness. But, do I not do this for
my horses and cows? What I complain of is, a state
of things, which takes so large a part of the chuV
clren from their natural guardians, their fathers,
mothers, relations, and friends, and throws them
upon the mercy of those who are utter strangers to
them, and who, instead of natural feeling for them,
must, unless they bring great consideration to their
aid, naturally have a feeling against them; and espe-
cially in cases where the support of a pauper is a
;erious pecuniary burthen to the party on wlion.'
s imposed.*
Now, my old English friends in America who
ised to join me (for I took the lead) in singing the
praises of the English government and Pitt, what
do you think of this ? Perhaps you think, by this -'
time, as I do^ that we are a set of very ignorant
though honest fellows, who confounded admiration
ol men in power with love of country, and whose
violent prejudices though bottomed in tfie best of
principles, led us into a thousand follies, and really
made us, perhaps, instrumental, in some small de-
gree, in producing the enormous evils under which
our country now groans.
I remember a book that we used to look at a
good ^ deal, entitled "A Picture of England." It
contained views of country seats and of fine hills
and vallies. This book and Grose's Antiquities
were enough for me. Alas ! this was no picture of
England, if by England we mean any thing more
than a certain portion of the houses, trees, and
herbage. If, by England we mean the English na-
tion; and if, by the nation, we mean the great body
of the people: I now give you the means of judging
of the reul state of England ; I give you the true
"Picture of England." Here ami, with twelve per-^
sons in family, including servants, and with thirteen
laborers, on an average, constantly employed ; and
the maintenance of twenty eight paupers falls fairly to
my share' This, my old friends; this, my worthy coun-
trymen, is the real picture of England — and should
I not be a very despicable man, if the false shame of
acknowledging past erroneous opinions were to pre-
vent me from laying this picture before you.
Now, in a state of things like tl>is, what a farce
it is to be told about "enlightening the lower or-
ders!" How are my twenty-eight poor wretches of
paupers, and my thirteen laborers and their families,
but one step above pauners : how, I ask, are they
to be enlightened ? And, if this were possible,
to pay any attention to her morals or any part of which it is not, what would be the use of it ? What
i i T __ . o - _ _ • * \ » i .1 "i i _ _ ^ .*_i _- 11 _*._! .«._• t_ _-»*•— re*
could it do more than add mental to bodily suffer-
ing ? Away, then, with all the talk ; all the palaver ;
all the cant ; all that cunning can suggest to hypo-
crisy for the purpose of deluding the well meaning,.
thoughtless, but liberal men, who subscribe then-
his shew of regard for the mind:-*
go-
ble
money to support th
and souls of the poor ! Were not a system of elee-
mosynary education necessarily calculated to debase
the object of it in a s-tate of things like this it is a
pure folly to attempt it. It is bread, and not books,
that the poor creatures stand in need of. The
vernment takes from me so much, that I am una
to give more than I give to my laborers. I have only-
enough left to give them th« means of barely keep-
ing life in their bodies. They, therefore, succes-
sively become paupers. If, as in America, the labor-
er took the share, or the far greater part of it, which
the government takes here, there would be no pau-
pers ; laborers would have money against a day of
sickness. This, however, has all been so clearly
•shewn in No. 2 of this volume, that I u ill here take
it as an established fact, that it is the increasing,
*The simple facts belonging to this girl mighi
afford a volume of comment. I have been at the
head of a family for eighteen years, during all
which I have desired and constantly endeavored to
obtain such a girl as was imposed on Mr. Cobbett, but
without success* If it were published in Baltimore
that a beuithy ivhite girl, of honest sober parents,
was to be.' put out — bound apprentice, to learn the
art and mvsterv of housewifery, there would be
hundreds of applications for her in a day. Ki>
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— TO THE PEOPLE OF THE U. STATES. 357
and now enormous, weight of our taxes, and that ( head of which she put a wood -cut, representing-
only, which has caused the fearful increase of pau-
perism, crimes, and capital punishments.
Away, then, I say again, with all the projects for
enlightening the people hy the means of schools,
and of enriching them by the means of saving banks.
What ! put up the "savings" of my twenty-eight
paupers and thirteen laborers, few of the latter of
whom taste meat once a week ! What ! a project
far putting out the savings of such 'people to inte-
rest ! Yet I should not wonder if this project were
ircel of people carrying bags and bales of sins and
misfortunes ; for Hannah was, perhaps, as artful,
as able, and as useful a scribe as ever drew pen iu
the cause of the system. But, Mrs. Hannah, with
your leave, it is not exactly one another's burthens
:hat w.e bear. It is, according to the idea of my
tradesman, that some of us carry otkers upon oi-ir
back. In the first place, I, for instance, hare twenty-
eight paupers fastened upon me. Then, If, ay taxes,
direct and indirect, about a thousand pounds a year,
to reach you ; there being none of our projects, of besides the poor rates. Perhaps a great deal more.
the humanity kind, that you do not adopt, as it
were in the way of rivalship. Would you not do
well to make haste and rival us in the number of
paupers ? I hope to be able to give a check to this
ape-like disposition, which leads you to look for ex-;
ample to follow, where you ought to look for exam-,
pie to shun. As to the professed object of the saving
bank project, nothing would be easier, if it were
worth while, than to show the impossibility of its
doing any good in any country ; but as to the real
objeet, a word or two may be said. With regard to
the laboring people in country places, they will ne-
ver hear of the thing. But, in large towns, where
there are numerous journeymen, wh« may save now
and then a shilling, and who are sturdy chaps that
read the newspapers and that talk politics, it is
thought to be of importance to get sums of money
thus collected, and thereby attach these swarms of
sturdy, talking and active men to the system. Not
another word need be said, only that the project
will fail. The friendly societies were great favorites.
George Rose, their patron, brought in many acts of
parliament to encourage their increase. Their mo-
ney was put into the funds too.
are now found not to be good.
But these societies
They drew men to-
gether; and when assembled together, they talked
—Wicked rogues !
The saving bank project, which has originated in
the seat of all that is, at once, conceited, impudent
and servile, Edinburgh, whence, too, is coming a
project for changing our weights and measures, and
for throwing into utter confusion the trade and
transactions of England, the colonies, and the Unit-
ed States, as connected in trade with England -, this
saving bank project has in view to avoid the congre-
gating evil of friendly societies. It is intended to
collect the money without collecting the people.
But, the proprietors do not seem to reflect, that in
getting rid of the gregarious quality, they throw
aside the strongest lures of all such schemes ; to
wit: the pot, the pipe, the song, and the chat. For
the sake of these, journeymen will yield up a little
of their wages to go into a fund ; but, when there
are no lures of this sort, they will not so easily
discover any solid reason far their giving up the
means of present gratification, vith a view to spare
the purse of the parish in their old age.
Back, then, we still return to the old point; the
taxes, the taxes ! While we are loaded with them
as we now are, nothing can retard the progress of
pauperism and of crimes. A tradesman, who works
for me, and to whom I was talking the other day,
about the distresses of the times, observed that he
found it hard to stagger along with four children
upon his back. "But," said he, "I could make shift
to carry them, if I had not some body else to carry.
I have a soldier or two to carry besides ; and you,
sir, have a general, I dare say, upon your back."—
The idea put me in mind of Hannah Moore's religi-
ous tract, entitled, "Bear ije one another's burdens,"
which was intended to reconcile the nation to, the
suffering's under the calamities of 1796, and at the
Now, as I am a sort of a literary man as well as a.
farmer, I may suppose myself ridden by William
Gifford, who has had two or three sinecures, which
amount to about a thousand pounds a year. Here J
tagger along, then, with the political editor, poet,
and reviewer, astride upon my shoulders, and with
my twenty-eight paupers hanging upon my arms,
and in my skirts. Come, then, my old English friends
in America, you will still confound the system with
England, and who bid us be content, and call us
jacobins if we complain ; come here yourselves, and
stick to it as we do. Do not remain there abusing
republican government. Do not content yourselves
with giving advice. Come and share with us. Come
•my of you, and take a leg of William Giftbrd, and
fourteen of my paupers, and then preach patience
and divine right as long- as you like.
Thus, those who receive nothing out of the taxes,
are loaded according to the strengths of their backs.
Such a man as sir Francis Burdett, or Mr. Coke,
has a rider like George Rose mounted on him.- and,
if he goes well, the son of sir Francis will have to
carry George's son, after both fathers are dead.
To carry a general officer or three or four cap-
tains, or a company of soldiers, or an admiral, or a
parcel of lieutenants or soldiers, would not mortify
one so much; but do you think, my old English
friends, that it is a sweet reflection to me, that the
taxes I pay, or, at least, a sum equal to them, is
swallowed up in sinecures by a man like William
Gilford? To those who render honorable service to
the country: or, whj endeavor to doit, no just man
will grudge a reward. But, is it not as clear as
daylight, that whatever sum this sinecure man takes
from me, I cannot have to give to my laborers? Is it
not clear that taxes make paupers? Is it not clear
that as long as these enormous taxes exist, pauper-
ism and crimes never can be diminished?
Come, then, I say, my old English friends in Ame-
rica and participate in our burdens as well as in our
glory. Do npt remain there, while you exhort us to
pay and be silent. It is very easy for you, who do
not feel the little finger of taxation, to reproach us
for our grumbling. It is very easy for -you, whose
laborers may eat bread and meat every day in their
lives, to tell us, whose laborers cannot get a full
meal of the former, that we ought to be contented
and to think our government "the envy and admi-
ration of the world." At this time the wages of a
laborer at Botley, are 10s. a week: and flour is 15*.
a bushel — consequently, the most he can gei is 38
pounds a week: or 5^ pounds a day for himself,
wife, and perhaps three or four children. In some
parts of the country, laborers have not more than
8*. a week, an in some not so much. Why do you
not come, then, if this be "the envy and admiration
of the xyorjd;" why do you not come and share our
blessings?
And'you Cossacks priests of New England, why
do you not come and help us to enjoy the benefut
of those "ancient and venerable establishments," iu
the praise of which you have snuffled so sweetly fa-
35%
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER,— SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1816.
so many years? The newspapers u,, •.>. . :,,.
prince of S.^xe Coboing )i..s ordered fif > >v:,i-i
horses to be bought for his use. Whv cio you not.
come and see these fine sights? I would not ;>dvi:>'
you to come and preach to GUI- hborers ihat pou--
toes wiiuout ei her meat or brtud are bette:
beef, pork, bread r.nd • in key: for that would ex-
pose your reverend pate.3«io vhe unsavory salines c>:
addled eggs. But, if p.-rsons Osg-ood and Parish
and Gardiner and Clianning, and as many more :;s
would. make up a score, \viii perform a pilgrimag-e
from .Boston to Ho; lev, 1 hereby engage to find them
a Lodging, no; under the same roof n'ith myself, but
ur.der those of my laborer, in v/hose fore they shall
participate, whicn will give ihem an opportunity of
saying grace over a piauer of cold potatoes, and
of proving- io their hosts how h; ppy thev ought to
think themselves in living under those "venerable
institutions," of which the varkees, through the
means of "a successful demociv.ic rebellion," \\-.-.\c
been wholly deprived. Anticipating in idea the
scene that will arise from the perform :mce of this
pilgrimage, I burn willi curiosity to hear ;he argu-
ments tiiat parson Ghanning will make use of to
prove, that a mess of pota'oes is better than a joint
Of. meat: though I must distinctly premise, thut it
in.such a case, the mess, platter and all, should go,
souse, at the head of the holy pilgrim, tie Mis-
place the damage to the account of "tiie bulwark,"
for that I will not be responsible for any consequen-
ces that may result from his harangue.
John's bulwark in peace is near!-.' completed by
the progress of the alien act. — Hut, this measttfe
has not been carried into effect without a great deal
of exposure. There ia something so i.ukward:
something- so ugly: something- so much like aluvk
ing- fear on the very face of the tiling- — and
addition, the opposition to the measure vv; >:
up by such a man as sir Samuel Komi •:• , ,
•wonderful if a great degree of -shame lias no
to it? Accordingly the hired writers lu.vt laid on
upon sir Samuel with great fury a.ni iiiih Of th
manner, in which they perform this s n t o''
you will easily judge by the fo, losing- sptci.iUT
from the Courier of the 1'jth ins^u;:
f'Sir Samuel's extraction and personal situation
may, therefore, well exc-:sr t'»e tendency of his
mind against an alien bil:: but we are muc
loss to guess why such men as sir James M'lnto;::-
and Mr Horner — thev are persons for whom, ihousrh
we differ fro.n the general course of iheir poll' i-
cal conduct, we have much respect; they ire esti-
mable, in consideration of their ow-A individual ta-
lents and char.cier, but they are doubiv so fjom
comparison .\itli those amongst whom we find them:
vre.are, therefore surprised and mortified ;o fiiid
them opposing- a measure which we think strictly
constitutional, absolutely necessary, and connected
with all real English interests and English feeling's.
What says sir Samuel Rom illy — "Will you exclude
the skill, industry, and genius of foreigners from
Eugland?" Yes, we reply, yes, we do not lack
their skill, industry, and genius; we want them
neither in commerce, nor in handicraft, nor in the
church, nor in the law. We are come to a fine pass,
indeed, to be told that it is g-ood policy to intro-
duce foreigners to assist, that is, to rival us in arts
and manufactures. No, no, sir Samuel, we have
liad .enough of these gentry, and John Bull will be
but. too happy to get rid of this plague in future.
But this is not the object of the present bill, which
5s purely political, but intended, as lord Castlereagh
expressed it, not to carry into efiect any policy of
fbreign powers, but to protect British policy from
being uiMiirbed by the misconduct of strangers.—
In private life, we all have the power of turning an
imprudent, a knavish, a riotous or even an imperti-
nent btranger out of doors: why should the state
not have a power that every subject possessed? — -
\Vhy s',")':; ' England not enjoy a protection
every oii:cr ni'. ion in the world has! In looking
bye* the c el <_ we observed a curious circums . ance
— No one E.-g ish gentlemen opposed this bill; —
there were Hamilton and Brougham, Horner and
Mackintosh; but not one Englishman. We be£
pardon, there was one — sir Samuel Romilly.**
This is the way in which these hirelings do their
work. Now, the gentleman, whom this writer thus
attacks, though not a politician such as the times cal-
led for, is allowed, on all hands to be the most able
lawyer in England, and a man of spotless reputation;
while Horner and Macintosh, who are here praised
are nothing more than- what I have before described
to you.
But, only attend, for a moment to the shameful
language of tliis writer ! Only think of a bill of this
sort being called,an enjoyment for England ! Thus
ii. i<, that these men induce the people to confound
the government with the nation. What a falsehood,
too, 4o say, that every nation in the world have such
la- . You have no such law; and you are a nation;
r.nd uiough not so old, full as stout as big John Bull.
The Mooring Chronicle answers his opponent thus:
"Yv'bei. The Courier states that not an Englishman
voted --•ainst the alien bill, the editor should have
added, 'hat the bill itself was not brought in by an
E: i;."'. i.. ]'/.-. an. It is the measure of lord Castlereagh,
i es from \he congress of sovereigns against
•he cv.ise of freedom, justice and humanity. It is
mhospitali'y, the preamble to which should -
vfuse an asylum to all who trusted to the
professions of the British court, that they
not impose on the French any from of go-
: ,;meni or funily without their consent — and to"
-> should desire to withdraw themselves from
ions tyranny and religious intolerance. It
entitled "A bill to open the ports of Ame-
•• the introduction of the arts, manufactures^
and propei-cv of all the ingenious, useful, thinking,1
'•ip.ii and provident part of the population.*?
A.n',1 rtiien ii is recollected what we gained by the
]•• vacation of the Edict of Nantes, the value of this
:u'ii xo America may be properly estimated."
Ci.js view of tiie matter agrees precisely with my
vi w< of it, stated in my late numbers. This bill
• iii be a great benefit to you. It will hasten to
;..i your country with the best men in Europe. —
When once a man lias his foot on the plank of an
American ship, he may set despots at defiance. —
But, p.,y a little attention once more to this mea-
sure as it affects us. This hired writer blusters in
the real John Bull style. He wants no foreigners.
He despises foreigners. He hates foreigners. Thfc
mercenary creature knows that this suits the preju-
dice of h'is readers; but then he seems to forget
how many hundreds of thousands of pounds have
been extracted from foolish John Bull to support
French emigrants, German sufferers, Vendeans, Chou-
ans.
He forgets how many pounds in pension money
silly John 'Bull paid to the foreign scribes, Mallet
du Pan and sir Francis D'lvernois, But does he
forget the Hanoverian officers and soldiers? Does
he forget that whole districts of this same England
were, for along while, placed under the command
of foreign officers, and that even regiments of Eng-
lish militia, with English gentlemen at their head»
were commanded and reviewed by these foreigners?
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— BRITISH PARLIAMENT.
Does he forget, that English country gentlemen
stood at the head of their country regiments of mi
li'h, and dropped the point of their swords and
Iheir colors to a German baron? Docs he forget the
history of the Germans and that of the English lo-
cal militia, at the town of Ely? Does he forget that
the Germans were brought \o force the English lo
cul rniliu.unen to be flogged? No, he cannot have
forgotten this, f >r he published the history, and I
w..s imprisoned Uvo years and paid a thousand
pou.ids io the king for commenting on the history;-
and o"e Charles Adams, then a member of parii.\-
ment, had, while I was in prison, the baseness to
say that I ought to have beeir flogged myself. C.m
any body tell what has become of the fellow; 1 have
not heard of him for some time. The Hired wri-
ter cannot have forgotten these tilings; but, did lie
fo'-tfet (.»e surely 'did) that Saxe Coburg is a fo-
reigner; nay, that our beloved queen herself is not
an Englishwoman! — So that, it is only foreigners
that come here to work and trade, that he appears
to dislike. However, big John Bull may raise his
head with empty pride as high as he pieases; talk
asloud as he will in contempt of foreigners, tie will
not be able to disgu
are foreigners, who
from the world, that there-
All his big and
blustering talk cannot rid him of this everlasting
shame.
There can be little doubt, that the alien act is no
more turn part of a general system adopted in Eu-
ro;>e: for lord Castlere.igh said, during one of the
debates, that, so far from giving oifence to any of
our allies, he knew that they hud adopted similar
measures. This shews that they are all still upon
qmelly on your
the alert. Let them. Keep yo
Way; !;;;ve alliances with none of ".»tvn; love none
ot'Vnem; -fear none of them; — aintat- none of
t -I'm; — havt: none of them for ar, enemy if \ ou
can avoid i-; — but, above all things, never think
one of them our friend. - 1 need not advise
up of .t commanding position in the heart of the
United States; for the separation of the states UMU.
so on. The danger of Ic.iving America to be the
rallying place of nil the enemies of the legiti-
mates, was clearly enough seen; biu i' was found
impossible to avoid it. 'The present apparent dan-
gei-is, however, still gi cater. The Bourbons cun-
not be kept on the throne without such a system of
rule in E'-.rope as will send oft' hundreds of thou-
sands ofits nso'iL valuable people to America, there
to work the loo?n and he vi-ie. Oh! if
your coumry could h ive been subjugated! If Mr.
\Iudison could have been deposed and seat to El-
b;s or Si. Helena, as our biusteri.ig butties threaten-
ed, and as your unnatural Cossacks exultingly an-
ticipated!— what would have been the situation of
the civilized world?
British Parliament.
House of Commons, Monday, J\f(iy 27-
COMMITTLE OF WATS AND MKAXS.
The house iiav ing resolved itself into committee,
The chancellor of the exchequer, ii rising to
submit to the committee the general p.'ovLions
which he had thought it necessary to make for the
service of the vear, found i' impossible to disguise
the ftct, that the proposition wMi which he should'
conclude, grew out of the circumstance of the house
havingjudged it wise to Sake a course different from
that which he had thought it his duty to recommend..
The nature of the arrangements for the service of
the year,
necessarily much altered bv the1
you to open your ports to all t :ie ei
arrive. Yo.;r ports are open to them.
'
givr.LS th.it
There the
may land, and, if they like, skip about like wild
cats, without any other earthly condition ihan that
of yielding obedience to the settled laws of the
land. They wiii find no alien offices in your coun-
try. There will be nobody there with authority to
measure their height, io write down their names,
age, color of their hair and eyes, and complexion,
description of their nose, chin, and mouth. Tuey
will need no licenses in your country: and to your
coiuury they will go in thousands upon thousands.
You are always in luck! Lei what change will lake
place in Europe, you are sure to gain by it. What
we got by the emigration from ti.e republicanism
in France was the mere dross of that country. Tii
noblesse and priesthood vermin, whom we had to
keep as a sort of state paupers.
That part of the emigrants, who were worth hav-
ing, you had then; and now you will have the very
heart and -soul of the
ment wishes
country. That this govern-
**;"and it is very likely
that it will succeed so far; but, then, the mind of
France is, by the same means, transferred to U
United States; and there it will be in never-ending
existence, and at all times ready to take revenge
It does not follow from this, that those who are
driving to America are short-sighted. They ma\
perceive plainly enough what will be the final con
sequences. But, how are they to help themselves
They saw, long ago, what would be the effect, i;
the end, of America remaining free; hence iaeiouc:
and incessant cry of the literary slaves in England
rejection of the property tax; but whatever puin
he mi.'.'iit feel that the house h id determined agains^
thai line oT con Uic< which, in Ids opinion, would
have been most beneficial to the country, it was
levertheless his duty to bow to their decision, and
.o submit to them the best means which remained
or meeting the supplies necessarily demanded for
.he service of the year, lie should 'do this with tht
mm sincere desire that the result might be such
is to leave the house nothing to regret. He should
explain the reasons which hud influenced -him in
nuking those arrangements, which, umier exi .ti:.g
circumstances, he thought most advisable, r.-niL
Ytrnish that general view of the subject, which
ndeed, without a dereliction of his duty, he could
tot omit, and which, from the situation lie had the
\onor to hold, lie might perhaps be thought more
competent to supply tlv.ui any other person. In
doing tiiis, he had the satisfaction to know that the
statement he should have to submit to the com-
mittee would be upon the whole consolatory, as ha
snould not be under the necessity of presenting to
them any discouraging view of the state of pub-
lie credit, and as the country w ts amply possessed
of the means of meeting that expenditure which the
public service demanded' Before he proceeded
to take a general view of the supplies and ways and
means of the year, it would be proper for him to
call the attention of the committee to the more
immediate object of the re.solu'uons which he should
have the honor <.u submit to them, which arotc
out of a proposition communicated to him in a let-
ter which lie had received From the bank of England,
,»nd which had been laid before the house. For (he
course pursued in i.his instance two precedents had
occurred within no greut distance of time from each
otiier. One was the proposition made by the bank,
June
1781, concerning the renewal of their
charter, which had been referred to a committee
of was and means; and the other was a similar
for the deposing- of Mr. Madison, for the taking communication, dated Feb. 19, 1800, respecting a
360
N1LES' WEEKLY KEG1STER— SATURDAY, JULY £7, ibid.
further advance of exchequer bills, which had been
disposed of iu a similar way. The first resolution
which he should have to move was, "that the com-
mii.tee should approve and accept the proposition
«;' the hank of England, for granting an advance ot
0,000,00. V. at three percent, interest, accompanied
with a condition, that the corporation should be
permitted to extend their capital to 15,000,0v07.
with, a further proposition that their promissory
notes should continue to be received in payments
made at the treasury. The permission which it
was in contemplation to grant them, allowing1 them
to augment their capital, which was at present
fixed at eleven millions and a half, to 15,000,0007,
was in truth only allowing" them to divide something
more than 3,000,0007. of their own money, on
condition that they should advance the sum of
o,OG;<,0007. for the public service, at an interest
of three per cent. This was an advantage of con-
siderable importance to the public. When it was
necessary that money should be borrowed for the
nation, it was not to be doubted that it was no
inconsiderable benefit to be enabled to obtain so
considerable r. sum as 3,000,0007. paying only three
percent, interest. It was only necessary to consider
whether tnis proposition was accompanied with any
condition that could be viewed as objectionable.
The principal subject for consideration was the
proposed augmentation of the capital. To him this
appeared not only free from objection but that which
was itself very desirable. Since the capital of the
bank was fixed at eleven millions and a half, a great
increase of bank paper had taken place; it was there-
fore proper that their capital should be incseased,
to give the holders of their notes additional security.
Sucn an augmentation of their capital as they now
of themselves proposed, he was of opinion, if not
necessary was at least as desirable for the public
as for the bank. If this was as lie considered it to
be, advantageous for the public, he did not see
they had any right to object to the mode in which
the bank company thought fit to effect this change
among the proprietors. If they had (as it had been
said they had) a large sum by them of undivided
profits, lie did not know that they could do better
than divide it among them on equitable terms, and
add it to tieir capital. The second condition which
accompanied their proposition, was, that the bank
promissory notes should continue to be received in
payment at the exchequer. It was well known that
for many years their notes had been received in pay-
ment and he doubted not thcty would have continued
to be so taken, if this arrangement had never been
proposed. Rut it appeared to him it would be an
advantage in the event of the resumption o! cash
payments as well to the public as the bank, to guard
against any tiling like a run upon the latter im-
mediately on its opening. Feeling this he should
certainly in any case have proposed that their notes
should be received for a certain time after the
resumption of cash payments. Such a measure he
should have held to be necessary, to guard against
any traffic, on the part of the minor agents of the
treasury, (though perhaps this was little to be fear-
ed) being carried on of an improper nature, who,
without such an enactment, might possibly have
demanded payment in gold, for the purpose of
making a profit, by turning it into paper whenever
the exchanges might again become unfavorable.
*!•.- did not know that any inconvenience would be
likely to arise from receiving bank notes at the
t- xchequer, till the present charter of the company
should expire. If it should be desirable that they
should c^ase to enjoy that privilege, we could put
an end to it by the repayment of the advance
himself thought it should" continue for theremaimng
16 years of the charter; but however, the modi: b;
repayment would, he believed, be found easy. If
government, at some time, should refuse longer to
assist the circulation of the bank paper, it would
be equitable that the security should exy>t till the
bank was able to bring itself back to its former
situation by the recovery of their loan. To him,
tiien, the circumstances which he had stated, fairly
considered, ihe arrangement seemed to be as free
from objection as any that could be submitted to
parliament, or that could be devised by any minister'
of finance. It was to government an important con-
sideration to obtain a loan of 3,000,0007. without.
having much interest to pay on it, at a time whvi
it was most desirable to avoid alt pressure on the
money market, and in the reduced rate to be paid
on the money so advanced, the public gained at
least 60,0007. a year. It offered to the bank security,
and sanctioned an honorable extension oi'
capital, and this was highly beneficial to the pro-
prietors. He thought it might be observed, that!
what it was now proposed to sanction, .was no mov-
than that which they had a right to claim at SOUK
time or other; and the only question therefore was
as to the time, circumstance, and mode in which
tiiis should take place. On any of these ground:'
he did not think any fair objection could be urged'
i.o the arrangement and the present seemed in fuel
a favorable moment for granting that which at'
some future period they were entitled to claim.
He should' now proceed to the more general state-
ments of the supplies granted for the present year,
and of those which would be still required. The
first head was that of the army : 9,665,0007. was
the amount for military service already sanctioned
by the votes of parliament, from which was to be
deduced 1,234,0007. for the troops in Prance, leaving
8,431,0007: including the expence for Ireland. The
ccounts of extraordinary grants to about 1,500,0007.
would be speedily prepared. The estimates of the
commissioners, 8tc. were about 480,0007. from which
150,0007. for the army in France were to be deducted.
Taking the charges of the1 barrack^, storekeeper,
&c. at the sum of 2,138,0007. the total expense of
the military service was 10,564,0007. For the navy
there was voted althogether 10,114,0007. from which
there was a deduction to be made of the proceeds'
from the sale of old stores, which amounted to
680,0007. leaving the charge at 9,434,0007. Deducting'
about 184,0007. for the ordnance service in France,
the expence of the ordnance department would be
1,696,1857. The total original vote was 1,880,0007.
The pressure of public business in the house during
the course of the present session had prevented
him from producing an account of miscellaneous
services. He could not just then state their amount
precisely. He had on a former occasion supposed
them at 2.000,0007. From what he had learned, he
thought they would come to 2,500,0007. or near it.
He should therefore assume it at two millions five
hundred thousand pounds. To meet the India debt,
and expences incurred in India, a vote of 945,0007.
would be proposed. This was necessary, as the
East India company had made pressing representa-
tions for repayment of the sums they had advanced.
The advances in question had been made to forward
those valuable services recently performed by our
army in India. The total amount of the claim of the
East India company, including the estimate of the;
present year, had been 2,300,0007. Considerable pay-
ments had however been made by the government
to the F,ast India company, which were to be set
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-- BRITISH PARLIAMENT.
This clone
there had remained due to the company in January
lust, about a million and a ImlF. A provision had been
made for the sum of 500,0007 in the vote of credit
for the last year, and this deducted from the debt
due in January, reduced the sum to be provided
for in the present year to 945,0007. which it would
be his duty on a future occasion, to bring more
particularly under the consideration of the house.
The general statement of the supply for the present
year, compared with that for the preceding, was as
follows : —
1815. SUPPLY— 1816
9,665.666
troops in France 1,234,596
against the sum he had mentiononed.
£3,983,476
Extraordinaries
Commissariat 480.000
Deduct troops in France 75,000
39,000 Barracks
$ Storekeeper gen. to he re-
about 10)ooo,
8,431,070
1,500,000
405,000
178,000
01 «™
P 1,600
50,000
2,133,000
10,564,070
9,434,440
1,696,185
2,500,OOC
915,49
361
the bank. These had been issued for sums advance
jy the bank in 1800. The sum then advanced
imounted to 3,000,0007. of which one half had been
paid, and the million and a half which had been
annually renewed in exchequer bills now remained
to be made good. The separate charges wc.-c alto
erether as follows -. —
SEPARATE CHAHKES.
Loyalty 5 per cents
,£•217,680
Debentures and interest thereon 807,085
Coinage
500,000
Exchequer bills held by bank 1,500,000-
Interest and sinking fund on
exchequer bills 2,260,000
5,234,765
Deduct Irish proportion of
joint charges 2,957,656 30,424,951
Ditto, civil list and consoli-
dated fund 188,000
3,145,656
fNavy
13,644,200 < Deduct Naval
L Stores, to be sold
i it* *A* C Ordnance
4,431,643 |DeductFl.ance
3,000,000 Miscellaneous
Indian Debt.'
25,140,186
Having recapitulated the above items of supply,
^he right hon. gentleman next proceeded to state
the separate charges. The first was for the payment
of the loyalty loan, which had been raised in 1797.
A difference, he stated, might occur in these items,
as in the miscellaneous services, between his state-
ments and the accounts previously laid before the
.house, owing to the same charges being placed
under different heads,
,£27,279,295
To meet these he brought forward the following
WAYS AND MEAJiS.
Land and malt
Surplus, consolidated fund
Excise duties continued for five years
Bank advance on bills
Lottery
Surplus grants, 1815,
Bank advance on account of
increased capital
Unclaimed dividends
Unapplied money in the exchequer
Exchequer bills
to different dates bein
included in. the papers. Altev the loyalty loan, and
the debentures, and their interest, which were the
two first items in the separate charges, he came to
one not immediately under the consideration of the
house, respecting which notice had been given of
a motion by his right, hon. friend (Mr. "VV. Pole.)
He meant the motion for the grant of a sum of mo-
ney on account of the new silver coinage. He did
not propose to anticipate the able illustrations
which the right hon. gentleman would be able to
furnish on this subject, in what he might offer on
this occasion. It would easily be seen there was no
small difficulty in determining what sum it would
be proper to grant for this service. He (the chan-
cellor of the exchequer) had for a time been very
doubtful whether this was a charge which ought to
be borne equally by England and Ireland, or whe-
ther it was one "which ought to fall on Great 'Bri-
tain only. Ultimately he had considered, that as the
greater part of the silver now in circulation had
been issued long before the union, it was just that
it should' fall oii Great Britain, and on no other part
of the empire It was not easy to say how much
would be sufficient to meet the charge for the new
coinage.; but he proposed to take the sum of 500,0007.
which he apprehended would suffice for the pre-
sent year. None of that silver which was at present
in circulation was intended to be received in ex-
change for that to be hereafter issued, which did
not bear appearance of having come from the mint,
and'this, us it woidd not amount to a very consi-
derable sum, could not create a great expence, and
at all events it would be some time before any part
if the arrangement could take effect. The next
was an account of exchequer bills held by
^3,000,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
6,000,000
200,000
5,665,755
3,000,000
300,016
140,000
2,500,060
,£27,305,771
He took the surplus of the consolidated fund for
the present year at 3,000,0007. As a considerable-
portion qf the supplies for the service of the year
yet remained to be voted, he proposed to leave •*
proportion of the ways and means, to the amount of
4,000,0007. to be also voted on a future day. He.
could wish to show how the surplus consolidated
fund (which however he meant to reserve for fu-
ture consideration) was matle up. Whether, in the
present situation of the country, the taxes carried
to it were likely to increase or diminish it, was for
gentlemen to determine for themselves. By the
latest accounts made out, the produce of the cus-
toms up to the 5th April last — that part of them
which was carried to the consolidated fund,
amounted to very nearly 5,000,0007. their produc<-
being 4,998,000^.
The produce of that part of the customs
given to the war taxes, which by a late-
act of parliament were to become per-
manent, amounted in the last year to <£3,008,000
The excise gave within the same period 19,006,000
The assessed taxes
Stamps
Post office
Land tax
Small branches of revenue
6,327,000
6,329,000
1,600,000
1,052,000'
122,000
And sundry other ways and means, including a
great variety of items, brought their grand total to
42,965,0007.
The annual charges paid out of the
consolidated fund, amounted to the
sum of ,£39,173,000
This year there was to be added the
Russian loan 130,000
Making tog-ether 39.303,00'J
NILKS' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, JULY 27,
me.
Deducting1 this sum from the ii.come he had staled
to be that of the consolidation fund, as it would he
seen there remained 5,663,0007. On this there was
an arrear on the 5lh April of 665,0001 so tiie total
produce of the last year was about 2,998,0007. but
the diminution here to be observed would be co-
vered by the produce of the taxes -J aid on in the
course of the present year, and, under all circum-
stances he thought he might with reason estimate
its amount at 3,000,0007,. The excise duty, lute a
war duty, but which had become permanent, having
been vote/f for five years, had produced 3,688,0007.
He estimated its produce in the present year it
three millions and a half. lie did not see why is
produce might not be equal in the present year to
vhat it had been in the last; but the allowances
granted on account of the malt duty, made this a
matter of doubtful calculation. The payments, how-
ever, not yet made good, would prevent any great
falling1 off, and he should, therefore, take it at
3,500,0007. The next item, was the first advance of
the bank of 6,000,0007. The ordinary feature in the
\vays and means, the lottery, he took at 200,0007.
This was somewnat uncertain, but he calculated its
produce would be somewhere thereabouts. The
next would be a most satisfactory item to the house,
it was the surplus grants of the year 1815, which
amounted to no less
.5,663,0 'ML An account
was on the table showing- in .vhat way this sum was
made up. Some grants were commonly left unap-
plied at the end of a. year, but it was generally found
that against these some services left, unpaid \rere to
be set, which frequently came nearly to the same
amount, and lef. little or nothing to be carried to
the ways and means of the nexi year. The sum re-
maining in hand on the 5th of January last, had,
however, so great , surpassed a.-\y thing left unap
plied before, there' was no reason to suppose the
whole would be called for in any way. The surplus
tyrants at the period he had mentioned, amounted to
no less than 11,120,0007. It -then became a question,
There men remained of the
Disposable grants
11,120,000
5,663,000
The next item was the bargain made with the
bank fur the advance of 3,060,000/. He had then
u> state, he had formed a pLui fur making a new
arrangement with r-spect to the unclaimed divi-
dends of the bank. From these he proposed to Uke
the sum of 301,0^07. Tiii.i, however, was not the
only advantage vvi.ich the public will derive frorn
this hcheme. Ir appeared to him that the arrange-
ments liUherto made, both by Mr. Pitt and \Ir.
PerciVciL were in some respects objectionable. They
had not contemplated the possible increase of the
unclaimed dividends beyond a certain sum, and all
above that sura they had been content should re-
main in the hands of the bank It appeared to him
better that a more extensive arrangement should be
made; that the bank should retain in its hands a
certain sum, :.nd ail the balances in their hands
above that sum to be made applicable to the public
service. On this principle he had taken 301,0007.
which had remained in their hands up to the 5th of
April, in addition to another considerable advance
which had been made. This 301,0007. however, was
not the only advantage which the nation would
derive from this plan. It was not right that the
bank should retain in their hands sums which it
was not likely would b.e called for, and which, from
the accidents of nature, or from the course of law,
the owners might never be able to reclaim. He
therefore thought such monies might be well paid
over to the commissioners for the reception of the
national debt, to be by them applied to the liqui-
dation of the public debt, subject to the future
claims of the owners to restitution. He proposed
'•hat it should be arranged on this principle— that
all stock on which no dividend was claimed for 10
years Successively, should be paid over to the com-
missioners of the national debt, to be by them ap-
plied in the manner he had already described. A
register of all sticii payments he proposed should
how much of -his sum it was necessary to reserve | be kept in the bank, and this he thought would be
for payments due on account of services of the last j better even for the owners than the present system,
year, "raid how much could be appropriated to the! -
service of 1816. In the first instance when the house
met, he had stated the surplus grants were supposed
to amount to about 3,woO, JO 07. From the sum which
he had stated to have originally remained in ha i-.i <jf
11 120,0007. there had been paid on account of
Treasury bills .... £1,550,000
For the army 1,050,000
For the commissariat in Spain and Portu-
gal due since 1814, provided in 1815 1,000,000
Barracks 126,000
Ordnance 876,000
Making.* total sum for military service of £4,602,000
But against this, there was to be balanced the
cash the. i contained in the military chests, this
amounted to - - - - - £1,865,000
Which deducted from - - - 4,602,000
Left for the arrear of last year £2,737,000
To this was to be added of the subsidies granted in
the year, and remaining undischarged 1,720,0007.
The navy debt in January last hafl amounted to
3,600,0007. Of this it was thought desirable to al-
low the sum 1,000,0007. to be paid out of the bur-
plus grants. There had thus been paid —
For military services
For subsidies . . .
For navy debt . . -
£2,737,000
proverbially accurate as the bank was in all its
transactions. The next item was rather of an extra-
ordinary nature. It was one of 140,0007. made up of
smai 1 balances remaining in the exchequer. Ti; ere yet-
remained the supplies to the amount of 2,500,0007,
to be provided for, and this he proposed to do by-
means of exchequer bills. The right honorable
gentleman showed a diminution of the unfunded
debt to have taken place by the paying oft' of de-
bentures and government securities of a similar
nature, lie then recapitulated the whole of the
supplies, and the ways and means by which they
were to be met. He did not mean to'move for ex-
chequer bills to meet the 2,500,0007. of which he
had spoken, by themselves, he should include them
in «. larger vote. In February, a grant of 4,500,000/.
in exchequer bills had been voted by the house to
meet other bills to the same amount. To this might
be added bills to the amount of 1,500,0007. issued
OR account of the bank — 6,000,000 to replace those
on the vote of credit — and 1,000,0.007. on account of
debentures, making in the whole 13,000,0007. in
exchequer bills, which had thus been issued, the
whole being, with the exception of the last
1,000,0007. intended to exchange against bills of the
same description, and even the last were to meet
securities of a similar nature, lie had to meet a
Total
1,720,000 ! large defalcation to the amount of 8,5^0,0007. in the
1,000,0001 ways and means of tiie year, owing to the rejection
1 of the property tax and the relinqtiishment of the
5,457,000 l mult duties, lie would now explain in what way he
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-^FOREIGN ARTICLES.
bad made good these eijjht million and
the first instance he had proposed to fund 2,000,0002
of exchequer bills, which otherwise would not have
been necessary. The next means by which tre de-
ficiency Vis to be me;, was furnished by the extra
supply" offered by the. surplus grants. Tuese, it
would be remembered, when he proposed the re-
newal of the property tax, he hud taken but at three
millions. Since, it had fortunately been discovered
their amount had exceeded five million. (Hear,
hear, hear.J The proposed advance frort) the bank,
which was the subject of the motion which he
should make to d.iv, furnished another portion of
the sum to be made" good, and to this might be ad-
ded four hundred and forty thousand pounds un-
claimed dividend, and monies in the exchequer, and
thus the 8,500,0007. would be covered. He certainly-
thought it would be desirable lo avoid, if possible,
any increase of the unfunded debt. Had the system
he recommended been adopted by the house, a great
and rapid improvement of public credit would have
been the consequence. He still most sincerely
hoped this would take pbce, and he reflected with
much satisfaction that of all the sums called for,
there was only the 2,5000,0007. in exchequer bills,
that could be said to press heavily on the money
market and the exchanges. He wished to state the
whole amount of the sum borrowed, against that
portion of the public debt which would be paid ofl
in the present year, without distinguishing, tor the
present, the funded and the unfunded debt.
The first advance from the bank amount-
ed'to £6,000,000
The second advance to 3,000,000
In exchequer bills .... 2,500,00(
Total ll,50u,uUO
The debt which would be paid off he next pro
ceeded to show. The sinking fund on the 1st o;
February amounted to 11,130,0002. It was therefore
probable that in the course of the year, there WUUK
be paid off by the sinking fund £ il^J^
In exchequer bills .... l,50J,'JJi
In debentures and loyalty loan - 1,024,00(
East-India debt 9*i,00(
Total - - - - - 14,969,001
exclusive of what had been repaid within the las
year. It would thus be seen that, there was an ex
ceeding of about 3,500,0007. over the sums boi-
l-owed for the service of the year. But it might be
supposed, that when Ireland was taken in^b the
ways und means, we should find our prospects
much changed. For a few moments, however, ne
would take the liberty to trespass on the departmen
of his right honorable, friend, and to offer some fe\\
observation which he (Mr. Fitzgerald) woxild other
•wise have had to bring- forward in the able and sa
tisfactory manner in which he always made sucl
statements. For Ireland, his honorable friend intend
ed, this evening, to propose a grant of 1,700,0007. ii
treasury bills, in addition to which he farther in
tended to move for a grant of 1,200,0007. Irish, o;
1,118,0007. English, making a total of 2,818,0007
and added, the sum which he had stated was to b
borrowed for England of 1 1,500,0007. would make :
grand total of 14,318,0007. But against this was,t(
be set the Irish sinking fund, which he believe
amounted to about. 2,3uO,0007. and finally, the re
duction he showed would be after all little les
than 3,000,0007. out of the united debt of the tw<
kingdoms. This, he trusted, would be found j
most satisfactory view. He believed it had verj
seldom occurred" tha.t it had been found practicabi
o reduce the public debt immediately after the
lose of a long- war, before the nation had properly
jot to its peace establishment. Instead of being
We to do this, it had commonly been necessary to
all for large loans in the first year of peace. Under
uch circumstances, though the state of the coun-
i-y was not every tiling he could wish, he was so
ar from feeling apprehension, that lie could see
ot'ning to fear, and every thing to hope, from tht
visdom, firmness and moderation of parliament. —
le had now to explain the manner in which he pro-
posed to pay the interest of the money borrowed for
he service" of the year. The charge incurred by
he first advance of the bank was 300,0907. Us?
second 120,0007. total 420,000*. of this only 120,001V.
would be charged on the consolidated fund. The
soap tax would produce about 200,0007 and the new-
duties on butter and cheese about 100,0007.. if the
trade continued as at present, or allowing for its
lling off about 50 or 60,0007.. He further had it \\\
contemplation to submit to the consideration of the
louse, a new arrangement with respect to the dr.r.v-
?ack on sugar, the produce of which, added to the
250 or 260,0007. which he calculated on deriving,
Tom the sources already mentioned, would be more
than enough for the charge created by the interest
n money borrowed. He concluded by moving that
the committee should accept and agree to the pro-
)siiion of the bank company, granting a loan of'
three millions on the condition that they might ex-'
tend their capital.
Foreign Articles.
British and Atgerines. The former already feel
ashamed of their treaty with the latter, whereby
their piracies were sanctioned in the purchase of
the slaves. . What would we think of a man that
should attempt to take credit to himself for deal-
ing with a horse thief, and paying him for the sto-
len cattle? What better encouragement could the
thief desire? This is the way in which an honest
man should look at the infamous transaction.
The laboring poor of England have been starved
out of 69,000^ (3Q6,360§) to purchase a house for
the princess Charlotte and her man.
The Austrian marine is to be encreased to ten fri-
gates, twenty brigs and fifty gun boats.
Sir Samuel Romilly (speaking of the base perse-
cutions and murders of the protcstants in France)
stated in parliament — that "in March, a wretch
who was known to have murdered fourteen proles-
tants, was honorably acquitted ; and the next d.-vy,
he and others came into court as evidences against
protcstants, five of whom were sentenced to be
marked with hot irons, pilloried, and imprisoned
for life, or for many years — and all that was alleged
against them tvas that they sang- vive I* Emfjereur."
The report that Wellington was deprived of the
command of the Russian contingent. &c. in France,
probably had its rise from the circumstance that the
Dutcli, assisted by the Russians, had compelled him
to withdraw all his garrisons out of the kingdom
of the Netherlands.
American Stocks, at London, J\l"ay 23. 6 per cts.
83$.
The crops in France are said to be very abun-
dant.
On the 4th of May, the harbor of Cronstadt, Rus~
sia, was still firmly blocked with ice.
At a great dining party in Westminster, 400 io.
number, among whom was Burdett and several
other members of parliament, 5cc. the following
toast was drank—
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, JULY 27,
"The only remedy for our grievances — a radical
reform in the commons house of parliament." — Tune
"Kick the Rogues out."
Major Cartwright stated that the petition from
Edinburg1 in favor of parliamentai'y reform had been
signed by 12,009 persons.
England.— The French papers are more free to
speak of the state of England than of France. The
Quotidienna, detailing the disorders and arising* in
Norfolk, in Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, makes the
following remark: — "Those who considered an army
of 25,000 too great and even dangerous for England
words, "tending to weaken the respect due to the SA-
CRED person of his royal highness, the -wise and mag-
nanimous duke d'Angouleme! A laboring woman
aged 56 years, has been imprisoned 9 months for 'in-
voking the name of the usurper' in a tavern.
The Israelites at Paris were about to fix up the
bust of Louis in the place of their sitting.
Great are the preparations in France for the
marriage of the duke of Berri, and many of the
senseless people appear to rejoice at it. The fune-
ral of a prince may well.be a subject of merriment.
The general disarming of the people France goes
in a time of peace, may at present perceive, that this ion with great industry and zeal.
force is not actually sufficient to maintain its in-
ternal tranquility."
It is stated that the Portuguese ambassador at
Home has absolutely refused every proposition for
the re-establishment of the Jesuits.
Disappointment .' I know, says Cobbett, that the
plan of the British government was to recolunize the
United States, which were to have been called
provinces. The duke of Cumberland was to have
been viceroy, and lords Yarmouth, Wcllesley, Mel-
bourne and two of the Seymours were to have been
amongst the governors. The firmness and wisdom
of your government, the valor o£ your fleets and
armies, and above all, the good sense and virtue of
your people, defeated this nefarious scheme, and
gave the cause of free'lom in Europe, life and hope.
See letter 8 to the people of the United States, in
Cobbett's Register, New-York edition.
Retribution. — England, whose inhabitants
have
paid heavy taxes to render other nations miserable,
now feels misery herself. Her paupers have trebled
since the French revolution; and the poor taxes in
England and Wales now amount to thirty -two mil-
lions of dollars a year
IMPROVEMENT. A London paper says — "The tri-
bunal of the Holy Office, at Rome, after invoking
the illumination of the Holy Ghost, has annulled
French Stocks, JWay 28. 5 per cents, 59 francs 45
centimes.
Paris scraps.
It appears that 400,000 francs are necessary to
complete the statue of Henry IV on the Pont Neuf,
of which sum 260,000 francs have already been sub-
scribed.
At M.ons seven men have been condemned to
death for having been concerned in the late rebel-
lion, three others were recommended to mercy, one
to 20 years hard labor, another to 15 years, and se-
veral to five years imprisonment each.'
It is said that his royal highness the prince re-
gent, has consented to deliver general Ameil, (who
was arrested in Hanover) to the king of France.
The administration of religious matters will in
future become the duty of the minister of the in-
terior.
The duchess of Parma has been named Grand
Mistress of the order of the Starred Garter, a dig-
nity which the late empress of Austria enjoyed.
This duchess has founded a new order in the states,
the first Grand Cross of which she has sent to prince
Hardenburg.
STATE OF ENGLAND.
From Sell's Weekly Messenger of May 19. Itwi)i
not admit a doubt that almost every class of people
the proceedings commenced by the inquisitor of j partake in the general distress of the times. The
Ravenna against Solomon Moses Yiviani, who, af-
ter embracing the Roman Communion, had relaps-
ed to Judaism. His holiness, in the decree issued
upon this occasion, thus expresses himself—
"The divine law is not like the law of inan; it
carries with it mildness and persuasion. Persecu-
tion, exile, prisons, are the means employed by
false prophets and false teachers. Let us pity the
nmn who is deprived of the light, and who even
•wishes to be deprived of it; for the cause of his
blindness may serve to promote the grand designs
of Providence, &c.
His holiness has ordered that no future proceed-
ings of the kind shall be attended with loss of life
or limb to the culprit.
FRANCE.
Condemned to be shot. — General Gruyer.
Under trial. — Marshal Grouchy, for contumacy.
Died. — Marshal Angereau, of a dropsy in the
chest, as reported.
Arrests. Dubois, one of the chiefs of the federa-
tion of Burgundy, a son of Boissy d'Anglas; count
de Thiars.
Transportation.
A taylor named Guiraud, for
having made a tricolored flag and hoisting it on a
a tree.
A great search has been made at Paris for co-
lors, eagles, escutcheons, and all sorts of emblems
that might remind the French of Napoleon. If the
'liourbons are to rule — may they, by good conduct,
eradicate his memory from the hearts of the people.
A man lias been subjected to2years imprisonment,
300 franc j fine, and 5 years surveillance, fop using
farmers and landlords, from the recent prices of
landed produce, have each stink a degree at least in
the station and condition of life; the manufactur-
ers, from an overstocked market, are perfectly at
a stand ; and the home trade, from the diminished
consumption rendered necessary by the diminished
means, is nearly as stagnant as our foreign com-
merce. Thus the three brandies of our natio.nal
industry, national maintenance, and national reve-
nue, are, for the present, almost at rest.
Agriculture lives upon the seed rather than the
harvest; the manufacturer consumes his capital in-
stead of his profit ; and the tradesman, through all
the branches of our internal trade, lives upon his
stock in the hope of better times. But the condi-
tion of the laborers, whether peasantry, manufac-
turing hands or journeymen, necessarily follows that
of their masters, no work is to be procured. Hence
(as we understand from our country reports) a
scene of things in the remote counties, which no
one remembers even in times regarded as the worst
— whole families, whole villages thrown upon the
parish ; rates up to the rate of rent, and farmers
abandoning their lands, because they arc unable to.
pay rates and taxes.
But this state of things, as far at least as respects
the poor, is very recent among us. It is not two
years since the English laboring class were more
plentifully paid than the same condition of people
in any other kingdom in the world — In this town
the ordinary wages of journeymen did not fall much
short of two pounds per week ; and with those em-
ployed in tire fabrication of luxuries three and even
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— STATISTICS.
ibur. la the country, the wages of laborers were
nearly a pound. Even according to the price of
provisions at that period, these wages were most
plentiful and abundant. How bitterly, therefore,
must all these classes now feel the wide difference.
How must they repent that in the plenty of those
times, they made no reserve for the poverty of the
present. Their waste, or at least their thoughtless
extravagance, is now visited upon them. They re-
pay the riot and idleness of those times, by the
useless industry; the scanty livelihood of the present.
STATE OP IRELAND.
From the "Shamrock" published at New-York. — "I
have conversed with several passengers lately from
Ireland. Their description of their country is truly
deplorable. Without trade, commerce or manufac-
tures; agriculture brought to so low a state, that
the produce of the soil would not pay the rent, nor
remunerate the tiller; tenants beggared, and their
cattle sold by the landlords at half the price at
which they were purchased; the landlords them-
selves receiving but a moiety of their rents, and
often compelled to re-enter the lands which have
been deserted or surrendered by the tenants; taxes
enormous; church oppression; the people scarcely
existing at home, are unable to procure passage to
America. I drop the picture. There is but one sub-
stantial relief; may that be soon; may Ireland be
free and independent."
Rome May 12. Our relations with the house of
Austria are for some time closely united, which we
attribute to the necessity of preserving the Roman
shores from the barbarians. The powers of Italy
have concluded with the African pirates, treaties
more or less humiliating ; the court of Rome will
withdraw itself from them. It is to be presumed
that Austria will no more submit to them, and the
English vessels will not be always here to protect
our coasts, so that we have great interest in forming
close relations with Austria.
^ We are assured that his holiness, to save the Ita-
lian people on the sea shore, will make an appeal to
all Christian princes ; and it is said that several have
seriously assented to the necessity of repressing a
system of robbery so scandalous. Some people say
that there is an intention of colonizing Africa, by
destroying the Barbary powers, founding a kingdom
in those countries, and acknowledging for king of
the new monarchy, the prince royal of Etruria,
whose knowledge exceeds his years. The crown
will be granted to him by the powers of Europe and
the grand seignor.
The order of Malta will be re-established in Afri-
ca, and form a military order in the new kingdom ;
it will furnish officers for the army, enjoy its prero-
gatives as far as they will be compatible with the
new order of things ; and it will become an integral
part of the state. The African ports will be opened
to the commerce of the European powers. Com-
merce and civilization will draw immense advanta-
ges from the execution of such a project.
Lady Hester Stanh&pe. — Lady Hester Stanhope,
who belongs to one of the first familes in England,
merits a place among the most celebrated and
intrepid travellers of the present age. This lady,
the neice, the friend and intimate companion of
Mr. Pitt, was not less attached to him by conformity
of mind than by the ties of blood. She enjoys a
pension from her country. Pitt, who, as it is known,
died without fortune, left to his neices, poor as
himself, a few lines in which he recommended them
to the generosity of the people of England. After
the death of her uncle, lady Hester formed the
pvni'.-ct of travelling in the Levant. She first
repaired to Malta, and from thence preceded, to
Constantinople. Wishing afterwards to make a
pilgrimage to Palestine, she sailed for the holy land,
but had the misfortune to be shipwrecked off the
Isle of Ruedes. Cast on a barren rook she seemed
destined to perish by hunger, but an English ship,
which appeared on the following day, took her on
board, and conveyed her to Syria. There she
travelled in all directions, accompanied by Mr.
Bruce, who has just been tried for the part he took
in the escape of Lavalette.
She spent many years wandering ?mong the ruins
of Palmyra and Hieropolis, and exploring the rallies
of Mount Lebanon. Living for whole months on
rice and water, and accustomed to the frugality of
Orientalhabits, from being feeble and debilitated,she
became a strong and vigorous Amazon. According-
to letters which she has addressed to her family in
England, she is now at the head of three tribes of
Bedouin Arabs who regarded her as a being of
superior order. She has had several children whom
she was fond of, brought to her from England; and
she declares, that she never will forsake the land of
the Sun, to breathe the humid and cloudy atmosphere
of Great Britain — French paper.
BRITISH ALIES BUI. — Some notice of the British
[peace] alien bill will be found in Cobbett's letter,
It appears strange that such a thing should be
thought needful at this time. We have some highly
interesting debates upon it which will probably be
inserted in our next.
An article in the Leyden Journal, under the Flo-
rence date, mentions that it was a condition of a
treaty made between the two Sicilies and Algiers,
that the former should pay an annuity of $24,000,
besides paying $1000 each for the ransom of the
prisoners, to ihe number of 1,000, who were found
there. We mention this because it is in direct con-
tradiction to an article on the same subject which
we quoted from a Leyden paper some days ago. It
is added that 357 Neapolitan prisoners had obtained
their release and returned to their country. It is as-
serted, that the Pontifical flag is put under the pro-
tection of Austria, by which means it escapes the
tribute heretofore paid to the African regencies,
Statistics.
The crops of wheat, rye, &c. have been quite as
good as usual in the middle states. The grain in
Maryland and Virginia is of the very first quality,
and the prospect of Indian corn is said to be good.
But in the eastern states, especially in New-Hamp-
shire* and Vermont,* and in the northern parts of
New- York, a scarcity seems apprehended. In Cana--
da the people are in great alarm about it, and al-
ready appear to feel want in the expected shortness
of the crops. Corn has been sold there as high as
three dollars per bushel, and flour from 15 to 20
dollars per barrel. Great quantities have gone, or
are going, to that market from the United States,
via Champlain, &c. At St. John, on the outlet of
that lake, they say that their imports will exceed
their exports to the amount of 50,0001. "all paid in
specie, every penny of which will go the United
States in defiance of the law.** Major-gen. Wilson,
administrator of the government of Lower Canada,
and commander of the forces in both provinces, &c.
*In these states the small grains — wheat and rye,
"promise a heavy harvest" — but the chief reliance
of the people is ou the Indian, corn, which is "un-
promising."
366 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1816.
has issued his proclamation, dated at the Castle of our people are, on the contrary, inhospitably trea't-
St. Lewis, in Quebec, July 9, 1816; forbidding the ed by those in authority. At Marseilles, however
"exportation by sea or land, or by inland navigation,: the officers of the Ontario sloop of war were most
scarcity in the United States.
INDIANA. The following sketch of the constitu-
tlnue until the 10th of Sept. next, and is adopted, I beautiful model,
as the preamble sets forth, on account of the back- } NATIONAL BANK. There seems no doubt but that
wardness of the season, in order to guard against; the stock of the United States bunk lias been a great
future scarcity, from a deficiency of crops." But, 'deal more than subscribed for. The shares taken
on the whole, We trust there is no reason to fear a in Baltimore were equal to 4,140,000 dollars in
cr..,r/.:»w, ;„ +1,0 TT«UO,I «*..+««. Washington city $ 1,293,000; at. Richmond 1,702,202.
Convention of B auks. — A convention of the repz-c-
sentatives of the state banks is about to be held in.
Philadelphia. Its object tiie resumption of specie
pay men ts. Three delegates are appointed from the
banks in Baltimore.
New- Fork.— The present population of the city of
New York is estimated at 126,000— an increase dur-
ing the two last years of 30,000.
QutEH AHTICLE. Cobbelt, in one of his numbers,
gives us the following extract from the London
Morning Chronicle of the 6th May:
"The bill for adding a, new Province, Indiana, to
the union, has passed trough the American House
of Assembly. The DESIGNS of ;he States upon the
great rivers Mississippi and Missouri., are BECOM-
ING EVERY DAY MORE APPARENT."
The ingenious writer then lashes the foolish edi-
tor of the Chronicle not a little, for using the term
"province," and making it out as a crime that we
should have "designs" upon our own rivers; and
tton of the new state will interest our readers. It
shall he published at length when received:
The se:it of government is fixed at Cory don for
.nine years.
The constitution not subject to amendment until
after 12 years, in any one of its provisions, and never
m the one excluding involuntary slavery.
The executive part of tiie government is to be
composed of a governor, with a salary of one thou-
sand dollars per annum, to be elected by the peo-
ple for 3 years and" may be re-elected once — a
lieut. gcv. who is elected in a like manner, for a
like term, and is to receive two dollars per diem
during the session of the legislature.
The legislative part, a house of representatives
and senate — the latter elected every three years :
the former, annually. Any person is eligible for
the senate being 25 years old— for the lower house
21 years, holding, when elected, no office of profit.
lly on the first Monday of asks, what he would think of a writer in an Ameri-
The are to meet
December, except the first session which will be in
K'ovember next.
The judiciary.
A supreme and circuit courts —
the former, to be composed of three judges, to be
appointed by the governor and senate for seven years,
to have appellate jurisdiction, and to set at the seat
of government; with a salary of not excending #800
pfcr annum — the latter, to be held in each county
by one presiding judge, who is to be appointed
by a joint ballot of the legislature for 7 years, and
t\Vo associates who are to be elected by the people
fbr seven years.
Sheriffs, clerks and justices are to be elected by
the people — the sheriffs for 3 years, the clerks and
justices for seven years.
Militia officers to be elected by those subject
tofmilitia duty — all above colonel by commissioned
officers.
There is to be a state bank established at the
seal; of •government, with one branch for every three
counties — the branch banks must have g30,000 each
in: specie before they can go into operation.
A COPPKII MINE is reported to have yeen dis-
covered near Danville, Pa. — it is said to be ver^
rich and extensive.
Lumber. The ship Niagara, of Portsmouth N. H.
arrived at Liverpool, with 'a cargo of pitch pint
timber from St. Mary's, which would not sell foi
thfc duties and was abandoned by th« consignees
1fc>;the master. Other vessels appear to be neari)
in the same situation.
THE AMEHICAX CHARACTER. We are highly gra-
tified to learn, that, in ail purts of Europe, not im-
mediately "under the thumb" of Great Britain, the
character and persons of our country are treated
•with the greatest respect, especially in Holland,
Uelg-'mni and Germany; where, it is said, the Eng-
lish very frequently find it convenient to mount our
cotkade and eagle. At Bordeaux ur.d some other
places in France, where tiie British merchants rule,
can paper, who was to say that England had "de-
signs" on the rivers Severn and Medway. But it is
astonishing how stupidly ignorant those folks are
of the United States. We recollect that brigs of a
"peculiar construction" were to be built in Eng-
land, to sail up the cataract of the Niagara — that
an attack was to have been made by sir Geo. Pre-
vost on the "province of Albany;" and here again, in
speaking of Indiana, we have something about the
Mississippi and Missouri, though neither of them
ure within a considerable distance of the new state.
Yes—we have "designs" on these rivers. We
expect very soon to people their banks with a har-
dy and high spirited population — to build great
cities and ships, as the steam-boats of the west may
welt be culled, on their shores. To make the "hum
of commerce, with her ten thousand wheels," re-
sound where the deer lately cropped the tender
branches and the bear had his abode ; and to do
many other like things, in which we shall be
much assisted by emigrants from Europe. But we
<lo :;ot know that there is any thing loicked in these.
>i L- should not complain if such, matters were done
on the creeks of England!
E-MKJKATiojf FROMEunopE. — The British and other
newspapers teem with notices of the emigration of
their people to the United States. The persons al-
luded to are chiefly fanners and mechanics — to add
to the labor, and of consequence increase the wealth
of our country in peace, and holJ the nerve to
assist in defending it in war. We know that the
Irish emigrants much aided to fill the ranks of the
army during the war, and they fought gallantly fop
freedom, feeling that they had a share in the con-
test as their own. Several vessels with passengers
from Ireland have arrived since our last, and nine,
more from Neiory alone are immediately expected —
they are British ships, one of them, of great
burthen, had 350 engaged.. An .English pi.per of
May 20, says — "Several farmers who lately ocen-
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—CHRONICLE,
£6?
TMCU about 4000 acres of land in Lincolnshire, have i highly flattering- of complete success. The value
recently emigrated to America, after having- sold all ' of 50 or 100,000 acres of meadow in the neighbor.
their live and dead stock. They were accompanied
by the curate of the village." "And a Genoa article
of the 12ih of the same month, tells us that "a great
m.'iny Swiss from all the Protestant cantons are go-
in cr soon to depart from Basle for America. Com-
liood of a great city like New York is not to be
calculated.
Singular affair. It is known to all our readers,
that a certain Richard Smith, late a lieutenant in the.
army of the United States, was convicted at Phila-
merce and manufactures languish both at Basle and | delphia of the murder of a certain sea captain nam-
iri.the parts of Germany nt-xt the Rhine As no Swiss j ed Carson, who.se wife lie (Smith) had married hi
or German manufactures are now permitted to en- j the absence of the deceased, and who seems to have
ter France, many have almost wholly ceased to i been a most abandoned and wicked woman. The,
wo k. Last Th'irsdav, many waggons with m.'.nufac- 1 governor of Pennsylvania having signed the warrant
tures, both Geiman and Sv/is.>, having- presented j /or his execution, it appears that some sort of a
themselves at the French custom-house, on the criminal conspiracy, not yet understood, was enter-
frontiers, to pay the duties, were ordered to return j ed imo by .Mrs. Carson alias Smith, to extort an act
back, with the notinc.;'.i.,,i tha , lill further orders, j from the governor in favor of Jie prisoner. Undex*
feigned names she, with two men lately released
from the Pennsylvania penitentiary, proceeded to
Harris burg-, where they introduced themselves with*
no waggon with goods could emer France!**
These are the sorts of men that ue -.vant.
One
Swiss 'is worth a hundred of the Cockney .ape-sel-
lers with which oir* cities iinve fee/.ied. o'tv. recommendations; one of the men urged his
HYDROPHOBIA. From: a Philadelpli;'. pi. per. About suit in favor of Smith to the governor, and being-
four weeks ago Mr. JOHN B^-.^vr, a journeyman | interrupted by the entry of another person, reque.st-
bcok-biiuler, in Fr.nkford, was bit by a mud dog. ed a hearing in private, which was refused, in con-
Three weeks claused before he experienced any sequence of a previous intimation received from
symptoms of disease, when the- :.-ight of water began ; Philadelphia, that some unfair means were on foot
to- affect him 'p;uumiiy ; ;: !.•••! vory soon occasioned to effect the pardon of Smith. The persons were
- " ' then taken, and being examined before a magis-
trate, were committed to prison; before which, how-
ever, the woman, who passed for a Miss Jones, re-"
quested that her cominUment might be made out
in her real name, Carson alias Smith. Her mother,
u Mrs. Baker, has since been arrested, and confined
in Philadelphia. It is said that the object of the
p«rty at Harrisburg was to get hold of one of the
governor's family, and keep him as a hostage for
the safety of Smith. Where they intended to take
him to howl like a do.j-. Me'dfcul advice was culled
— a consultation wus i. eld/ ami. he overheard their
conclusions — thai luj m<;?;l be se.it to the hospital
the next morning wueie he must die. On this he
took his hoe, went imo t,ie garden, cleaned it o^lt
ve;'y neatly, and then ".'.d his w'fe that he knew he
should not live vo r \y>y any Uu<-g in it, but hoped
it might be useful to hi.-r. At night Lwo neighbors
sal up v, ith uii -. when, as lie seemed
co.-iposed and fol hey retired bethought
hecouid sleep, '.Ley Icf i-.im. Soon after, his wife
hearing ioiue uoine ir. mo room, went up to him.
He M-.-..S sit inr. up in bed, "Leave me," said lie
"leave on- : c o not want to hurt you but
I fear I si' iu. Leave me." As she descended the
step-;, .it- s- piteous howl. She hastened
to her »ok them to a neighbor's. Soon
after , : c left his room, loaded his gun,
went imo the yard, andblowed out his brains, This
was on Tuesday morning the 9th inst.
He has left a \vife and three children to mourn
far him.
CHRONICLE.
The ministers of Fiance and Sweden, near the
United States, have orders to neg-ociate commer-
cial treaties with the United States, upon the same
basis as the i ate treaty with Great Britain.
Richard Mead esq. acting as vice consul of the
United Slates at Cadiz, in the absence of Mr.
C^r.ic.-rt, has been soized by the Spanish authori-
ties and pu- into the dungeon of the f r St. C;.tuin:;.
The outrage is said to have been caused by private
malevolence.
l^echn-aiifm of Independence. We believe the fol-
lowing only remain of the sages and patriots who
sijfned the declaration of 'independence — John
Ad.\ms, Muss. William Ellery, R. I. George Ciy.
T?ier, Pa, Charles Carrol, Md. Thomas Jefferson;
Vn. and Charles Thompson, secretary.
An ex-member of the Hartford convention has
been elected vice president of the Cincinnati of
Rhode hhmd.
Salt nttfddou's. A project is on foot to emb; nl-
and drain ti:e vast bodies of salt meadow near New
Vork. \Ve have ever been astonished that it was
not attempted long since. The progress made is
These are all the essential par-
i /•
him is not stated.
ticulars at present before us. ' As to Smith, it
stated that several attempts have been made to
bribe his keeper.s,an 1 t.iat an adciuionai guard is set
over his prison. He refused an interview with Mrs,
Carson, and appears resigned to his fate.
Com. Bafnbridge lately gave a splendid fete on
board his ship, trie Independence— 200 persons at
one lime joined in the dance.
The following toast was drank on the 4th ins.t,
in August^Get).
"The powers of Europe.-— The removal of one tv.
rant, has transferred the sceptre to the hands of mu-
ni/"—
"They make a solitude, and call it— peace."
South America.— My our latest accounts from Bc~
livar he was at Carabona, on the main, about cweive
leagues south-east of Marguretta. He had with
him then about 5000 men, and his force was most
rapidly increasing, all that were effective joining-
his standard. He besides expected a junction with
a edhsidefable body of patriots under gen. Marina.
Tiie master of a vessel recently arrived at Charles-
ton from SouLli America states, that he saw thes
Spanish government brig and .schooner which were
t .ken by tiie patriot fleet. He represent* the ac-
tion to have been desperate in the extreme; all that
remained of the crew of the brig, when she struck,
were put to death on her being boarded; and only
About 40 of the crew of the schooner survived the
action.
He also says that the patriots, are well supplied
wit!1, arms and ammunition and military stores by
English' ships. That Morillo was said to be shut
up in Ciirthugena, his soldiers dying or deserting
constantly.
The tipanish 'frigate that brought out the new ro-
vcrnov of llavamia was b*nu, by accident, to xbe
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1816.
water's edge on the fourth of July. It would seem
she was about to have sailed to drive off the pa-
triot privateers, and for this purpose great exer-
tio'hs had been made fully to man her by impress-
ment. It is said she had on board eighteen impress-
ed American seamen, who, being confined in irons
in the hold, were condemned and burned alive.
The ship carried 44 guns, and was the best ves-
sel in the Spanish service. Her loss has been esti-
mated at a million of dollars, besides the vast quan-
tities of goods she had on board, intend ed to
be smuggled, according to immemorial usage, into
Mexico.
It is said at Havanna that the intelligence from
Mexico is very unpleasant to the slaves of the
"adored" Ferdinand — but we want particulars.
Two Spanish government schooners have been
taken off Havanna by the patriot vessels, after a ve-
ry severe fight.
The late general Hamilton. — Our readers will re-
collect, that congress at their last session, passed a
law, allowing to the widow of the late major-ge-
neral Hamilton, the commutation of half pay, which
was granted to the officers of the revolutionary ar-
my, in lieu of five years half pay. General II. was,
at that time, a member of the old congress; and,
let it be remembered, was most anxious for the
commutation, so as to relieve the wants of those
brave men who aided in establishing our glorious
independence, the effect of which have been felt
to this day, and will descend to posterity. In order
to divest himself of every interest, and to give to
liis endeavors a weight, derived from the purest
rously relinquished all claims that he had as an ofii-
motives while effecting his commutation, he gene-
cer of the army, and carried his laudable views in-
to execution.
"VVe are led to this statement from having heard
the eldest son of the general, who lias just return-
ed from Washington, speak on this subject; in which
he expressed himself sensible of the liberality dis-
played in the construction of the law, allowing to his
respected mother, in addition to the amount of com-
mutation, interest thereon since the peace of 1783,
and of his having received from government the
whole amount, upwards often thousand dollars: —
and what made the settlement still more honorable,
was making the draft payable at one of the banks in
this city, by which upwards of g!700 is saved to
Mrs. Hamilton. [N. York Adv.
Augusta ( Georgia, J July 8. — An unfortunate oc-
currence took place a few days since, in the Che-
rokee nation. A man travelling through that coun-
try was assaulted by an Indian and struck twice
with a large butcher's knife. The man defended
himself with an axe, and finally killed the Indian.
A party- of Indians were immediately collected by
the friends of the deceased, and the white man was
taken, bound to a tree, and shot through with 15
or 20 balls. We understand that the chiefs have
determined to give up the murderers, if required,
by the United States' government.
[The Indians have delivered up the murderers to
the gov. of Tennessee, to be tried according to law.]
Milledgeville, July 10. — We learn, by gentlemen
from the westward, that a party of the Creek war-
riors, from 500 to 1000 strong, under the gallant
chief M'Intosh, contemplated marching early in
this month against the hostile Indians in Florida,
the Seminoles, and had given assurances that they
would capture and destroy the obnoxious fort on
Appalachicola bay— most of the hostile Indians
were said to be on a visit at Pensaccla, where 600
Spanish troops had lately arrived.
Certain Indians were suspected of burning th*
dwelling of the late col. Jlatvkins— but the famih
of the deceased have stated the known accident by
which it occurred; which was the negligence of a
servant.
The books lately opened iri North Carolina, for
receiving subscription to increase the capital stock
of the Cape Fear Navigation Company, have met.
with considerable success. Instead of ninety-four
thousand dollars, which it was intended to receive,
more than t-wo hundred thousand dollars have been,
actually subscribed. The company has since been
organized and its officers appointed. It is into
to commence immediately improving the naviga-
tion of the river and its branches.
SERPENTINE IUVEH. — It will be recollected by
every one, that just about the time when our tars
were so completely thrashing their enemy, that the
British (several of the legitimates being then in Eng-
land) got up a splendid shew of a sea-fight on the
"Serpentine river," as it is called, a sort of a pond
of water in St James' Park. The ships represented
to be engaged were English and American — the
fight was made out to be a very hard one, but, of
course, the "Yankee flag" came down, and then the
people shouted! But the tide turned— "Rule Bri-
tania" is no longer a favorite in the theatres, nor
would the pepple again shout at such a pageant.
In allusion to the preceding, we have the follow-
ing extract frpm the Democratic Press .-
The celebrated Dr. Smollet, some fifty or sixty
years ago, seems to have been endued with some-
thing like the spirit of prophecy. In his travels in
Italy, speaking of the mock naval engagements of
the ancient Romans in th'e Circus Maximus, he says,
"how would it sound in the ears of a British sailor,
an advertisement that a mock engagement between
two squadrons of men of war would be exhibited on
such a day in the Serpentine river."'
GREAT FLEET. — Thirteen sail of large China ships
belonging to the British East-India company, ar-
rived in the channel after a passage of 109 days.
They sailed homeward in divisions, but arriv'c*
together, a distance of 15,000 miles. This is spoken,
of as a wonderful voyage for a fleet : but, if I recol-
lect aright, a passage was once made from Canton
to Philadelphia, in 70 days. The science of naviga-
tion has been greatly improved within a few years;
and the world owes quite as much on account of k
to the Americans as to any other pe.ople — perhaps
more.
STEAM. — At the late installation of the French
Academy, M. Cuvier, perpetual secretary, read
same observations on the progress of the sciences,
and their relations with society. The following re-
marks of his on the application of the steam engine
may give rise to some reflections in the mind ofthe
English reader : — "A vessel has crossed the sea
without sails, without oars, without seamen. One
man to keep up the fire, another to guide the helm.,
are all its crew; it is propelled by an internal force,
like an animated being, like a bird of the sea float-
ing on the waves — to use the captain's expression.
Every one perceives to what an extent this inven-
tion will simplify the navigation of our rivers; and
the saving that it will create in men and horses; but.
we may be also permitted to look forward to conse-
quences move remote, and perhaps of still higher
importance — namely, the change which may residt
from it in maritime war, and the power of nations, ll
is extremely probable that it will be placed, at some
future time, in the list of those experiments which,
have changed the face of the globe."
KB' WEEKLY REGISTER.
N». 23 •» VOL. X.I
BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1816.
[WBOLK so. 257.
HCKC olim meminisse juvabit. — YIHGIL.
PIUNTET) AND FC1ILISHE7) HY H. WILES, AT THK HEAD OF CKTUPSIDE, AT §5 PER ANNUM.
An article on the approaching election in Mary-
land has been received — but the writer ought to
have known that essays of this character never
have 4iad a place in the WEEKLY REGISTER. It is
' rue, that in our political disquisitions and remarks
we are zealous to support and encourage an adher-
i-nce to republican principles, agreeably to the
letter and spirit of the constitution of the United
States; but we may not interfere to direct their local
•application, one way or another. The piece has
received the direction requested by the writer.
The irregularities of the post-office establishment
are still complained of. In some parts, in the inte-
rior of Virginia, for instance, they are, indeed, ex-
c.eedingly vexatious and oppressive. We have suf-
'^i'cd not a little by them — but it seems useless to
omphiin. In so extended a business, perhaps, there
must be omissions of duty; and it may be that some
of them originate in the too easy multiplication of
post-offices — where the perquisites are worth no
one's attention, and neglect necessarily follows. For
ourselves we have only to repeat, that every thing
•fs done that can be done to secure the safe and
.regular carriage of our paper.
TIIK BEGIXXIWG. — By referring- to the letter of
the secretary of the treasury (see page 376), it will
be seen that measures have been resolved on to
bring about a commencement of specie payments.
The operation ought to be gradual, and the secre-
tary's plan seems to give satisfaction to all except
those who have been depredating on the poor and
needy, by buying and selling the things called bank
notes. Some inconvenience will be suffered from
the procedure; it may add somewhat to the diffi-
culties felt by the scarcity of money, and make it
troublesome to get good notes of the denominations
most needful for the ordinary transactions of life —
but it will eminently tend to bring us back to that
-old and honest state of things when a bank note was
worth its mark on the face of it — -and check a sys-
tem of speculation and robbery — of "combinations in
crime," which, for atrocity and extent, has never had
a parallel in the United States.
The people of Ireland.
"There is no corner of the world to which they [the emigrants
•to the present United States] would not have tied rather than
'submit to the slavish and tyrannical spirit which prevailed at that
'•period [now, also] in their native country; viewing them in their
'Jongiital forlorn, and now flourishing state, they may be cited as
illustrious instances to instruct the world— what great exertions
"nu&tkitvt will tffnfce when left to the free exercise of their men
"/WTOVJ." Speech of the great William Pitt, iu the
house of lords. 1774.
The teeming population of this interesting amd
beautiful island, "ocean's gem," is in a very miser-
able and distressed condition, if the British prints
are to be believed. A spirit of disaffection and re-
sistance to the government prevails, of the most
alarming and terrible character; for it seems as if
the people had, individually, undertaken to redress
their Individual wrongs, and punish their oppressors.
Hence all sorts of depredations, of the most violent
cast, are committed, and the secret perpetrators
VOL. *.
laugh to scorn the parade of 25,000 foreign bayo-
nets, sent to their country to preserve to the king
the /o^eand affection of his "most faithful subjects."
The government of Ireland, like that of France, is
a government of force, by armed foreigners, in the.
heart of the country. This island has, for centu-
ries, been treated by Great Britain as a conquered
territory, a vassal and tributary kingdom, rather
than as an integral part of the monarchy, with a com-
munity of rights, interests and privileges. In eve-
ry way has it been regarded as an inferior, the peo-
ple being* treated as aliens of the crown their valor
defends. It has afforded the great nursery for the
army and navy of Eugland, especially for the for-
mer,— and, when a ditch was to be filled, that a pas-
sage might be made, the body of her sons were ap-
plied to the purpose, as of no other importance than
to save the lives of Englishmen, and aid them in their
quarrels. Especial laws have been enacted by the
"imperial parliament," for Ireland, which that bo-
dy, bold in baseness and tyranny and sunk in cor-
ruption as it is, would not have dared to have
thought of imposing on the English people : for
John Hull, a great champion of liberty for himself
once thought any thing good enough for an "outland-
ish*? people, less civilized and accomplished, and in-
capable of those elegant refinements he supposed
himself to have monopolized. But John, himself, fe
pretty quiet now,
The act of union between Great Britain and Ire-
land, begotten by fraud on perjury, has produced
only rapine and cruelty; and considerably tended ra-
ther t6 separate the two people than to heal thebreach
that existed between them. The shadow of self-go-
vernment is lost to the latter, and all that belongs
to legislation for it, is committed to foreigners,,
interested in keeping the mastery their forefathers'
won by the success of their intrigues or arms. —
A perpetual tyranny on the one side, has provoked
a perpetual spirit of resistance on the other, and 9.
deadly hatred and jealousy is the first rule of both.
The one, bolstered by the most arbitrary laws, giv-
en energy to by 25,000 foreign soldiers, regards all
means legitimate that may compel the abject obe-
dience of the people, under all sorts of oppression
and misery; and the other feels it as just to attempt
a redress or avengement of wrongs, in any way that
opportunity serves. Hence comes those "outrages,"
as they are called, that abound in Ireland; which
instead of giving relief, only add to the sufferings
of the people. In every despotic government, the
few niake war on the many; but it is not in all that
the many have the spirit or' resistance exhibited by
the Irish populace. The wretched peasant reasons
as well atj feels; and when lie sees the priest whose
religion he rejects, invading his little potatoe gar-
den or robbing his pig-stye, he thinks how much
better it would be if their product went to fill the
bellies of his own half-starved children, than to pum-
per the pride and to fatten the cormorant that cares
or nothing but to fleece his flock, and enjoy its
fruits. When he sees the taxes which press him,
and the laws that bind him, on every side, collect-
ed and enforced by the bayonet in the hands of
strangers, he naturally regauds them, and all who
act with them, as his open and avowed
370
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTERS-SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1816.
la the warmth of his heart, and obeying the impuls-
es of a lively imagination, he resists without me-
thod, and, of course, without effect. Every move-
ment he makes, nay, every groan that he utters,
fives a pretence for new impositions; until, at last,
y increased tyranny and more refined cruelty — by
oppression heaped upon oppression and misery up
oil misery, he is led to the point where life itself
loses its value, or is regarded as a mere stake
...VHiHst the chance of a change, or the gratification
of revenge, and a sort of madness comes over him.
Here is the real ci'.use — the first principle of the acts
so loudh1 proclaimed in evidence of the. "untamea-
ble ferocity" of Irishmen. If the cause were remov-
ed'the rjfect would cease — as we in the U. States
arc witnesses of, in tens of thousands of cases. The
enemies of those men, the persons interested in
keeping them down, command the press and the
pen, and powerfully control the sentiments of a
large part of the world: whatever the poor, mad-
dened Irishman docs, is emblazoned in the strong-
est colors that venal writers can give it, and exten-
sively disseminated — but the motives that influenc-
ed him arc kept back, silent and cold as the grave
that receives his body from the hand of the execu-
tioner. Truth retires before the terror of the law,
anil falsehood decks the story of the Irishman's
crimes as it pleases, whilst it conceals the history
of his wrongs. The wretched beings who make
their scanty meals on potatoes alone, have no print-
ing presses; and, if they had, who would have the
rashness to publish what the bayonet would sup-
press? It is not every man that, like Ennnett, on the
brink of the grave, can gain a victory over tremb-
ling villains about to murder him, "and triumph
o'er oppression;" and, if he could, the sacrifice would
answer no good purpose, at present. The press is
dungeoned in Ireland, except it praises the spoiler
of the country, though able pens and stout hearts
are not wanting. Colbelt was imprisoned in Eng
land two years, and fined WOOL for reprehending
the (logging of the English militia by foreign mer-
cenaries, in the pay of the king. The time has been,
when that would have put the whole country in a
ilame and have lost the minister, or his master, his
head — but that time has gone by. The act of Mr
Vobbeti has been imputed to him as a crime, even
bv some in the United States, that would have ex-
hausted the whole vocabulary of hard names to have
heaped reproof on president Madison if he had im
ported and kept in his pay a part of Napoleon's ar-
my to guard and whip governor Strong's militia "to
duty." Nay, perhaps "holy men would have given
Scripture" to shew that he ought to suffer death
for it. But where is the difference, in point of me-
rit, in the two cases? Yet, if Cobbett had said in Ire
/'and, a ten thousandth part of what he hits said in
.England, he would have been hanged, or, at least
in merctfy transported to Botany Buy for life.
I have before me one of those special ac'ts of the
'imperial parliament," for the government of Ire-
3.md. At some leisure moment, we shall probably
iisert it entire — but its general nature may be pret-
1y distinctly understood from this: It authorizes
j .ow of the justices of the peace (who are creatures ol
1he minister and partakers in the spoils of the conn-
try) to order that all persons witlun their district,
sballkeen in their houses from sun-setito sun-rise,and
to enforce the regulation by the transportation of
offenders, without trial by jury — and they may also
enter the houses of the people, even the chambers
cf their lying-in women, at all times and at any
thne, with ar.y pretcnc.;, or without a pretence at
H<- all, as they please. All, this, too, in a tJia« ol
Deace! Happy would it be for the Irish, if, under
;hese imperious circumstances, they possessed tha^
jross insensibility which some are pleased to attri-
bute to the negro slave; for in the solitude that
surrounds them, they might find something like re-
oose in sufferings past remedy. But they are alive
:o a sense of their wrongs, and rush head-long to
deeds considered infamous; which, in other more
fortunate situations, would give splendor to their
country and enrol their names among the benefac-
tors of mankind!
I am grateful for a location where men and things
may be called by their proper names. Patriotism
and treason, and gallantry and murder, are descrip-
tive terms, subject to the most arbitrary interpreta-
tions. Thus— when the peasants of Spain were
way-laying and killing the French, armed or unarm-
ed, in bodies or singly, they were "patriots" — gallant
patriots, toasted and praised, cherished and paid by
England and her friends in all parts of the world. —
When the Lish did the very same Ihing to the Eng-
lish themselves, they were accounted traitors and
murderers. If a Spaniard had planted his dagger"
n the breast of Joseph Bonaparte, while king of
Spain, who is there .that would not have applauded,
him?* A feast might have been got up to honor him,
even in the pious town of Boston, and his health would
have been drank with rapturous applause, by men
high in the church- and state.f But if an Irishman
had so destroyed the viceroy that collected the tri-
bute of blood" and sweat in his country, we should
have had no feasts about it: and the very men who
lauded the Spaniard to the skies, as a hero — would
have sent the Irishman to eternal torment, as a mur-
derer.
It is upon record— it is a part of the history of
the times, that the semi-barbarian Platojf offered
his daughter in marriage, with a large portion in
money, to any villain that would ASSASSINATE
Napoleon Bonaparte — and that the speedy marriage
of the lady, on the terms proposed, was eagerly
toasted in the most religions and most enlightened city
of Edinburg, by a large company of the "head men,**
(as our savages call their chiefs) the prevost him-
self being in the chair. What would these long-
praying 'Scotchmen have thought of us in Baltimore
if, at a city feast, the mayor and corporation, &c.
being present, we bad toasted the immediate mar-
riage of a daughter of one of the O'Neals^ or
O'Connors^ of Ireland, whose, prostitution was held
in reward to any one that would cut the throat of
George Gnelph?
*Let it be recollected that a Cossack who appear-
ed in 'London just after the exile of Bonaparte to EU
b.'i, who boasted that he had transfixed .fifteen
Frenchmen with his spear, and killed many others,
was caressed and rewarded by the most polished so-
ciety in that city, especially the ladies, who admir-
ed the sharpness and strength of his terrible instru-
ment, and for whose amusement, also, he went
through the manoeuvres practised to give it full ef-
fect on the bodies of men!
•\Su-iaarro-iv — as perfect a barbarian as ever lived,
a wretch the most infamous, for his extensive mas-
sacres of women and children, that modern times
bus afforded — a hog in manners and a tyger in heart,
was toasted, -with cheers, by a dining party in Phila-
de/ph/a. If I remember correctly, the toast was giv-
en out by th*. same hero of the revolution, that drank
"President Madison to Elba," at that time during
the late war \vhcn the enemy had declared we should dt,'
pose him.
i"Leijiliii\at£ heirs" of the, kingdom of Ireland
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.
871
This is plain language and everyone will under-
.stand it. When \ve would ascertain THITTH, we
should look the facts fairly in the face, and go
straight forward. There is no occasion to "beat
about the bush" to find it — nor should we startle
when this great attribute of the DIVINE MAJESTY ap-
pears.
To proceed with our parallels. The provisional
government that originated with the people of Ire-
land to throw of the tyranny of England, had all
the sanction of na ural or written law, or justice,
that belonged to the Spanish cortes or juntas got
up to relieve the country from the impositions of
France. I set this down as an undeniable proposi-
tion. Therefore, the acts of the former must have
been as legitimate as the acts of the latter; and
there is also another and more remarkable agree-
ment in them: the provisional government of Ire-
land failed of its object, and the members were
hung and banished AS traitors, by George— the Span-
ish provisional governors, aided and assisted most
extensively by the English, succeeded to the end of
their hope, in expelling the French and recovering
their king; and they also were put to death by tor-
tures ot- condemned to the gallies as traitors, by Ft
tlinand. Par nobile fratrum! The acts of eith
were equally disavowed by the "legitimate" author-
ity, and rejected. And the cases are further anala-
gmis — France had conquered Spain by force of arms,
and held tiie possession by her own bayonets; and
the whole power of the government was in the hands
Fer-
er
rant Irish have a character for "ferocitif* — let us
leap at once to the question, — "uhy?" Just in tbis
way:
A certain man owned a strong and powerful, y^.t
most gentle mastiff dog, that under usage such a*
a dog ought to have, was ever ready to I ay down his
life to defend the person and property of his master.
Hut the master, "not having the fear of Rod before
his eyes, and being thereunto instigated by the ma-
lice of the devil," seized his dog violently, and chain-
ing him down so that he could not move either foot,
fed him only on the coarsest food and gave him
that in scanty portions, ever and anon goading
him with some sharp pointed instrument, which, by
its frequent application, made his flesh .so sore that
every nerve quivered as the strokes were given. —
For "days and months the poor dog, mindful of
favors received and respecting the authority of his
master, piteously petitioned and howled for relief
— after a while he beg*an to snarl and snap, when-
ever his tormenter approached, in which new causes
were found for new cruelties: kept constantly in a
fever, he became desperate and nearly mad; and. by
a powerful exertion of his strength, broke his chain
and spread terror and destruction on every side.
Still he might have been cured by gentleness; but
instead of caresses and bread, they offered him
staves and stones — his master headed the mob cry-
ing "mad dog— mad dog" — the poor creature look-
ed at the excited multitude, and would have told
why he appeared to deserve this death-warrant. -
ot foreigner*} England, in like manner, had con- [but he could not speak, and was hunted down and
quered Ireland, and so holds the country and exe-
cutes ti e laws of her own making until this day. —
The people of the latter are no more represented
In the "imperial parliament" which meets at Lon-
don, than the people of Spain were in the cortes
which J<ise]>h assembled at Madrid— indeed, a re-
presentation, in either case, was a mere farce, and
•particularly so as to Ireland, even supposing her
members were fairly and freely elected; for they
are overwhelmed by the greater and undue power
oT the conqueror, in the united assembly. If "might
killed as an enemy of the public safety
is a part of the system for keeping oilict pos-
„£*•! 1 I rt»l TS 1 • 1. ^. A _ . •
This
session of Ireland. The English government is as
sensible that their hold on it would he as much
jeopardized, if the English people could be led
to believe that they of Ireland were made exac'-
ly of the same flesh and blood as themselves, ;.nd
deserved the same treatment — as the commander of
a British vessel of war, manned bv impressed sea-
men, would be, for the controul ot his ship, if the
sailors and marines were in love and unity with one
gives right" to one conqueror, it gives right to ano- I another. Divide et impera, is the eternal maxim of
ther; nor can the term of possession alter the na- j tyrants. History affords us some shocking instim-
ture of the title thereby obtained. lie that stole a i ces of the extent to which this principle has Seen
horse yesterday, has just as good a claim to him as if carried; and, strange as it may appear to some, I
Jie had stolen the animal ten years before — indeed,
in the last case, he should be less mercifully dealt
with, for having shewn himself a confirmed thief. —
Nor will it be pretended that the population of Ire-
land, though in the property of the English for so
many ages, is better disposed to their masters,
than the people of Spain were to the government of
France, though so newly established, and not yet
propped up by hordes of fat priests and swarms of
pensioners and officers depending on the dynasty of
the Ronapartes for subsistence, as Uritain supports
her power in Ireland; and if the day shall come
when the Irish are furnished with arms ar.d all else
that is needful for war, with the same liberality
that the Spaniards were — the viceroy in .Dublin will
runaway with as little ceremony as Joseph left Mad-
rid. Every one must be sensible of thi
verily believe that many of the outrages of the
Irish, so much complained of, do really grow out
a SYSTEMATISKD 1'itovocATiox of them.
As many in the United States are most pitiful co-
pyists of all that is English — rf;-om an "Oakley hut"
or "Waterloo pair of breeches," to a feust for the
"restoration" of the inqtytition, and even so far :;s
to have "rejoiced" at events in Europe which gave
to the enemy of their country the disposal of ail his
power "to reduce us to "-unconditional s-nbini union"
and "lay ivaste and destroy all places aamdtablc" — it
is not wonderful that some are prepared to receive
the J-rish emigrant with impatience and severity
and treat him with disrespect, for the turbulence
they are pleased to presume will mark his course1;
expecting, as it were, a double submission from him
— one on account of thelr-JSttgiish lessens, the other
i in. livery one must oe sensible or tins — it is prov- — one on account or uiete-js-ttgusn tessans, use other
«n by the fact that the British, when all Europe is from their own pride. If there be ought that i.s rough
at peace, cannot trust Ireland, unarmed, one clay to in his manners, for the want of education and re-
the people: but keeps them constantly pressed
down by 25,000 foreign soldiers.
Xow reader, take the scales and hold them even;
put all the killings of Frenchmen by Spaniards in
one side, as a "glorious revolution," and place all
*.he deaths of Englishmen by the Irish, in the other
—•and see which kicks the beam!
^To return from this digression. The poor, ig-no-
h'nement, whicii the policy of his late government
or the poverty of his parents denied him, it i.s im-
mediately attributed to hiiTi as a national fuiliiur,
notwithstanding we have tens of thousands upon
tens of thousands of living witnesses, jhat what arc
esteemed as the very dregs of this gallant people,,
may become among the most useful and respectable
citizens, if net the most enlightened.. J3v hcmefet •;• •
NILES'_ WEEKLY REGISTER— SAtUKDAY, AUGUST Sj 1816.
easy — s!ie\\- Hi em, convince them, that you are
leir friend, and they will "pass through fire and
ater" to serve you. The law, in Ireland, is theii
duitry, sobriety and frugality, we everyday see Irisl
born citizens rising to wealth and influence in tht
community — who, if they had remained in the lane
ot their ancestors, must ever bav-j remained in tha
*tate of barbarism and poverty, \vhichthey, who, b}
:;••: trin, give existence to, are pleased to atti'lbut
to the oppressed as crimes. "The diamond i-, in the
rough" — and a good government, bringing forth it
latent beauties, soon qualifies it for ornament am
use. What me glory is in this!
There may be some European nations whose ge
ft era I character is better than the Irish, and. who are
more to be desired as emigrants — but it is certaii
there are people much less amiable and far less fit
ted for our republican institutions. During the tw<
wars we have had with Great Britain, the Irish, a;
with the soul of one man, rallied under the stand-
ard of freedom, and most bravely supported the
''star spangled banner" — but another people, from
the same monarchy, might be named who were,
us generally, torics and traitors, in either contest
The Irish have ever been faithful to freedom, and
we sincerely wish them to enjoy, with us, the hap-
piness they helped to win. The way to their heart
is ea
their
water
enemy, and they oppose it — it is here the guaran-
ty of their peace and prosperity, and they support
it. I venture to say, that /myself could do more
to calm a mob of an hundred Irishmen, who- knew
me, however "untameably ferocious" they might
appear, than fifty Irish justices of peace, unsup-
ported.by the bayonet. I met with an evidence ol
this, which I nev er think of without respect for the
good dispositions of this people, nor without com-
plimenting myself; for 1 am vain that I served them,
and prevented a quarrel in which some of my own
coumryin en must have been severely dealt with. It
happened on an election-day, when illiberality and
tli at sort of English prejudice I have just spoken
of, got up the old leaven of resistance. But the
peace was not broken: the np-raised ahileMi bowed
to the law — for reason and conscience told them
that the law was just, and would be equally adnii-
nis >red. «•' That's all we want,"' cried th ey.
The stream of emigration lias been so long and
so powerful from Ireland to the United States—
'•the land of liberty" as our country is emphatically
called by the peasantry of that kingdom-, and so
>n.;ny of their friends and acquaintances have made
the U-ausit, that they bodily look to it us a teirestkil
paradise— the object and aim of their lives- The
hope of yet realizing it,- does more for the tranqui-
lly of Ireland than the British soldiers quartered
there; for, in all cases, the prospect of a change for
the better, hwverer distant and dark it appears,
makes its tht better content to bear present evils.
It is to us that their ftmciea roam when thev dream of
happiness. — America is the mistress of their affec-
knovvn the want of what they have just found— shatf
they not be treated with charity, and be iaugla
by gentleness and affection a propriety of deport-
ment fitted to secure the condition so beloved? Th/e
very roughest of them— such as would have been
consigned for life to "combinations in crimt," us Mr
JPecfn&s it in the speech quoted below, settle down
and acquire steadiness and swbriety l-ike the rest ol
the people of the republic; with this singular and
highly prized quality, that we never expect treason
from them. t
As I know it is the fashion of some, who have been
called in Parliament "the British party in America,'*
to suspect every man as a foreigner who liberally
encourages emigration, and does' justice to the Irish
character, I shall speak a little of myself and my
family for their edification and instruction. I be-
lieve that I am descended of a thorough English
breed, mixed a little, perhaps, with the biood of
the "Ancient British." It is said "to be a wise child
that knows his father;" but, as in the four or five
cnerations of my family that I have heard or kn;»wit
something of, there was no one like a lord, or a rigid
honorable lady, so titled by patent from a lump of
earth called a king—as all'the nobility we possessed
was derived from GOD and a good conscience — a&
all have been able, industrious and sober mechanic*
(as I trust that some half a dozen of my own sons, by
the blessing of PUOVIUBNCE, will be) I think there
is pretty good reason to believe that I am legiti-
mately descended from some of tho.se who fled for
liberty and «afety\Q Pennsylvania, with the illustri-
ous founder of that rich and populous, and patriotic
And enlightened state. I have never heard that any
of them "held out their hand to clench a hard bar-
gain;" my own weak head may sometimes lead me
into error — but in this my hand and head and heart
agree, never to do unto others tvhat I -would not that
'hey should do unto me in the like circumstancex: and I
'eel proud of it — it is this which has supported, me
.hrough a long series of trials and difficulties— that
[ have, according to the light afforded, fulfilled the
folden rule. Can I, then, refuse to the unfortunate
.hat hospitality and kindness, which the very sava-
fes extended to my. fathers, flying from persecution
and proscription? Shall /treat with disrespect the
that makes my country the home of his choice^
uid reserve all the affections of my soul for such as
jot hither by c/umce? I am indescribably a grateful
o heaven, that my ancestors exercised the right and
lad the power of emigration, and rejoice in my free-
lon>— shall f deny the like grateful sensations te
others?* Verily— no.
Will the happiness of millions, redeemed from
•ppression and poverty lo liberty and plenty,f and
Must after the lute peace, an opulent merchant
f the United States, a native of France, declared
hat he would give ;v hundred thousand dollars, if"
hereby he could be made a native of our country—
t ions— they hope, almost against hope, yet to win \ but £l^(le^ hc> "my children have the glory of be-
!•; and there is an exquisite pleasure in the idea,
though the reality of possessing her seems impos-
sible to them — for poverty chains them to the soil
and denies them the power of locating themselves
:..t \vilL If, after the indulgence of such ideas for
they are fortunate enough at last to *
fA very respectable friend of the editor, an
elderly gentleman, long since reared from business
to enjoy the fruits of the labor of his youth, has
often observed* that when he first arrived from Ire-
ne boarded at a farm house, near which he hud
ened a little shop or store. The farmer used
en to sa.v to his wife — I am tired of wheat bread,.
never °fconi bread, or of buckwheat cakes — of beef
— • — - - ;-! — - j and of pork, and the like; give us a change. Ah!'
I !KI\V seen ; his //&;'<*% done by several, and sue!: ! suit*
im ti*e ragle-guardedjahos-e of freedom, and, lnn-inp\ op
/,',v Around* should not always enjov them- °^
:.-fivrs \vUh<the moilcraiinn *>f -those who have never or
cui by many that I thought them half-mad; | should be tired of having, enough of any of thesr*
-.v c '> l— T \vercin a ddrdousdcleriun*- 'thins." .This remark has
* e, "I ti.cn thought it strange, that a man
nough of any
peculiar force—for the
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.
378
reag-h?
r^.v. aying GOD because that my country hath beei
appointed an "asylum for suffering humanity," les
sen my own enjoyment of the blessings it affords
Certainly not — but will add to my delights, lik<
hearing- its heroes praised and greeted by nationa
music in a strange lai%d.*
T3ut who are we — what are we, that we shonlc
talk about foreigners — and call those foreigners tha
the law hai made citizens of ? A mixture of yester
d.<y — of Englishmen, -Irishmen, Germans, Dutchmen
Scotchmen, Frenchmen, lVelchm.en, and Swedes, with
some from Switzerland, Sf,ain, Italy, &c. and a little
bo, sr ing of Indian blood! I am clearly ana deci
dedly of opinion that a reasonable time and good op
portunity should be afforded to test the charactei
and conduct of individuals before we admit them
to citizenship; buthaving done that, the distinction
in reason and justice, dies a natural death . Hence
with sincerely mortified feelings, I have noted the
JfbJ lowing:
"Perhaps most of our readers (says the JVationa.
IntelligenccrJ are not aware of the fact, that con-
gress passed a resolution, requiring the executive
to lay before the congress, at the next session, anil
of certain stated periods thereafter, a list of all of-
ficers of the government, their names, salaries and
pi; ces of nativity.
"We met the following- circular yesterday. Cir-
culars of similar import, we believe, have been is-
sued by all the different offices in the goverwment
"General Post-Office, Ju2y 10, 1816.
"Sin — To enable me to comply with a resolution
of congress, I have to trouble you for an answer to
the following questions:
"In what state or country were you born?
"If any clerks are employed in your post-office,
what are their names and salaries: and in what coun-
try were they born? Yours, respectfully,
"RETURN- J. MKIGS, Postmaster general
"Postmaster at ."
Certainly, all persons holding offices under the
government are citizens, and so far the letter and spi-
rit of the constitution is satisfied. Whence, then,
this inquisitorial process, making arbitrary, unjust
and unconstitutional distinctions among the people?
Would Richard Montgomery or Alexander Hamilton,
if they were living and in office at this time, be com-
pelled to report themselves as having been bom in
Ireland and in the Heat- Indies, respectively? I may
have mistaken the drift of this resolution, but it
gentlemen who made it was, without a doubt, re-
ppeetabfy brought up in the land of his fathers. It
gives me pleasure to add, that I do not believe the
United States has a better and more sincere friend
and advocate than he is.
*I have the following anecdote From one of the
party. A distinguished French gentleman invited
a number of Americans, then at Paris, to an en-
tertainment, to which was attached a band of music.
• It was merely a social affair. A little while after
the cloth was removed, the victory of the Constitu-
tion over the Guerriere was first known to those pre-
sent; and the polite Frenchman, (but unheard by
the guests) ordered the music to strike up Yankee
Doodle. The effect may be better imagined than
conceived. "When I came to my senses," said the
narrator of the anecdote, "I found myself dancing
on the table, and our kind host cracking his sides
with laughter at the wreck of bottles and glasses,
and the grotesque incidents our madness had cans- __ „. ..... K.^VAfc „.
There «, perhaps, nothing better calculated I which took place. They s
t-l ,""•? fortha ™t5cn:!l feeling than an incident sed object, but were comb
" "!" *-*' \f I'd/rat ions arrainvt aU hni:
appears to me as marked with a hideous character
— to have been the product of a little mind, and
pas through congress, while the members we;-e
busily engaged in the import ant business of thinking
about — dinner. I wonder who got it up, for I never
heard of it before. What! are we to have Sp«r{a»:t
and Ifehts, a registry of names and families, amongst
us? Let the people and the government refuse of-
fices of profit or honor to any they please; this is
the right of both — but let it be done without dra\\ -
ing an anti-constitutional line betwen citizen and
citizen. I, certainly, am not for cramming the of-
fices with naturalized citizens; but cannot sec anv
reason, in law or equity, why they should not stand
on the same ground as to honesty, capability, and
fidelity, as others. The officers of the army who
betrayed their country and basely gave up certain
forts to the enemy in the late war, for money or
through cowardice, were natives. Who were fo-
reigners forty years ago? — They only, of all the peo-
ple in the United States, whe refused to acknow-
ledge the "star-spangled banner," as a legitimate
ensign. What need of this separation of the citi-
zens now? Does it come from the same spirit that
ndu.-.ecl the full-blooded editor of the London Cou-
rier, when speaking of the alien bit!, (see last num-
ber, page 358) to feel some sort of satisfaction, that
that bill had not been opposed by an Englishman;
making1 it out as if .there were foreigners even in
parliament, though the bill was introduced, and the
editor himself paid for his paragraphs, by one the
»r 4-K^ r: i:_.n r T • ' ' • t i ^
feigners, his master, lord Castle
I were a member of congress, I would
move, on the first day of the session, that this re-
solution should be expunged from the journals, as
^constitutional — and, if I were in office, I would
lot answer the questions proposed, in my official
character, and let the thing take its course.
A few more general remarks and we shall come
:o the article which gave rise to this long and de-
sultory essay and conclude. I am pleased to see
he tide of emigration that is setting towards the
United States, but regret the necessity that com-
pels the European to leave his home in search of
"reedom and safety. I greet their arrival, and say to
he people of all nations, Come and partake with us
>f the blessings of independence, and in due time
)e to us as our own kindred. Come, and help us to
Hg canals, clear watei- courses, make roads, build
mdgcs, establish manufactories, and extend com-
merce, internal and external, by your labor, intelli-
gence and capital. Come and open our primeval
"brcsts to, the rays of the sun, and spread the rich
larvest where the wild buffalo ranges. Come, and
issist us to prepare by an increased population and
.trcngth, to resist any attempt that may be made to
'put down our dangerous example of successful
ebellion." The flag of the union is large enough
or us and you, and we have room enough and to
pare. Bring with you a love of liberty, habits of
emperance and industry — your capital may he
seful and convenient; but the others are of more
worth to us than the wealth of the Indies.
This essay was first sketched on observing in the
'apers, about three weeks ago, a brief notice of a
peech of -\fr. Peel, who is chief secretary for Ire-
md, in the British parliament. I have since seen it.
t length, and insert it entire, as follows : he i>
peaking of the state of that country—
"At present it was difficult to say what was the
ause or the pretext of the lawless proceeding >
,u:~u *„„!,. „!„_ .,'!.„„ seemed to have no profes
binations in crime, and con-
He did not know what
NILES* WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1816.
other character to ascribe to them. They were not
directed against protestants; they did not originate
in any party animosity; but the house would see,
from records which he should be enabled to pro-
duce, symptoms of such untameable ferocity, such
systematic guilt, supported by systematic perjury,
as imaginaiion could scarcely equal. He did not
rise to malign the character of the Irish peasantry,
than whom, in some parts of that kingdom, he had
never seen a body of men more peaceable, more
obedient to law, or wore respectful to their superiors.
Their good humor could not be seen without admi-
ration; they displayed wonderful kindness towards
one another, *nd honesty in their dealings, and,
from their early marriages, greater chastity than in
any other country. A crime which had degraded
more civilized countries was not known among
them; and he had heard that there was not even a
name for it in their language. But in other parts ol
the country the population was in a state of depra-
vity -i'hich baffled description. In particular districts
of Tipperary the disorders were at their height
This assertion did not rest on the assertion of an
individual, but on the records of a court of justice
The trials of the murderers of a magistrate, in that
county, exhibited a wonderful view of the character
of its population, of their extraordinary fidelity in
a bad cause, their cruel revengefulness for the
slightest injuries, their indifference to murder, am1
their detestation of any man who, by giving evi
dence, assisted in giving effect to the laws. It ap
peared that the murder had been planned severa
weeks before it was committed. The magistrate in
question (Mr. Baker) was an indulgent landlord
and a friend to the poor, but a determined enemy t<
the pernicious nystem of combinations. In the neigl:
borhood of this gentleman, a cottage, which hac
been taken over the head of a former occupier, \va,
burnt, and six of the incendiaries having been ap
prehended, lie hud been imprudent enough to say
that he thought there was evidence to convict five
of them. A determination seems to have been im
mediately taken to murder him, and four differen
parties were posted on different roads, through one
What a field for comment is there in this speech!
)id ever a man hear of any thing like it among the
vosts of Irishmen in the United States ? Have we
vidence among them of that "untameable ferocity"
nd great depravity, that Air. Peel speaks of? But
ve have stated the causes of this and of the outcry
hat is made about it, so much at length that it is
teedless to say more, and will only ask — if the mem-
•ers of parliament who "laughed" because the
vretched wife exhorted her miserable husband ra-
her to sacrifice his life, than bring dishonor 0:1 him-
ielf and disgrace upon her — would have "laughed?*
at a Spanish woman, who, during the struggle in
Spain, had exhorted her husband to conceal frorn^
he French, his accomplice sin the death of some of
hem ? No, no; they would have declared she had
•ivalled the most glorious of the Spartan clames,
and have raised money to Keep her in affluence as
ong as she lived.
Let sophistry do its best to shew the difference
jetween the two.
Description of Chili.
The introductory remarks to an article on Venezuela,:
see page 377, apply equally to the following on
Chili — which was chiefly possessed by the royal-
ists at our last accounts from that country, after
several revolutions. But it would also seem that
preparations are making by the Buenos «1yrean$
to drive them out.
Chili is bounded on the north by the desert of At-
tacama, which divides it from Peru, on the south
and east, and, partly by the pampas or prairies that
He on the west of Buenos Ayres; and on the west
by the South sea. Its length is about 1260 geogra-
phical miles, breadth about 210, and surface 378,000
square miles. That part of Chili to which the Spa-
niards are restricted is a narrow district along the
coast, from the Attacama desert southward, and
along the river Biobio. It contains four particular go-
vernments, viz. the major-generalship of the king-
dom of Chili, Valparaiso, Valdivia and Chiloe. The
v . .midland country is plain, but the maritime part of
of which he was obliged to pass. The intelligence {chili presents three chains of hills parrallel to the
of the murder, winch was committed several miles Andes. The Chili Andes are about 120 miles broad,
rom Cashel, had been cpnveyed^across the country Abounding with stupendous breaks and precipices,
but interspersed with vales and excellent pastures,
that are watered by streams and cascades descending
from the rocks. Some of those mountains are sup-
the different parties by signals. It was commit-
ted by five persons, in presence of a great number
of others. A gentleman who had been passing the
road before, and who resembled Mr. Baker, and had
posed to be 20,000 feet high.
been taken for that gentleman by the murderers,) The seasons are as regular as in Europe, but as
was witness of the scene. Many people were mounted it lies in the southern hemisphere their order is
on the tops of houses and hay -ricks near the spot, and,
when the faial shot was fired, three cheers -were given.
Though not less than thirteen thousand pounds re-
^vard were offered for the discovery of the murder-
ers, he really believed, that none of the evidence
which had been given was to be attributed to this
inducement. Of the feeling of abhorrence entertained
against those who give evidence, there could not
be a stronger proof than this: a man who was con-
demned to death was offered a pardon, on the con-
dition that he would give evidence, and, after having
actually given a part of his testimony, retracted it
in open court, Jus -wife having prayed him on her
knees, ivith tears, that he ivould be hanged rather than
give evidence. [A Uugh!] Nothing could be more
sincere than the poor woman's attachment to her hus-
band, but her dread of the disgrace he would brin<-
on himself was such that she would rather submit
to see him executed; and he had, accordingly,
(he penalty of the law."
nverted. From the beginning of spring, 21st Sep-
tember, until th" middle of autumn, the sky is al
,vays serene, »
showers seldc
sast between lat. 24* and 36*, as
fall during that period. Thunder-
is scai-cely known, and snow does riot fall in the
maritime districts, but on the mountains it lies al-
most the whole year. The rivers are never fro/en,
and cold seldom exceeds the freezing mark. During
the spring, summer and autumn, the copious dews
supply the want of rain. On the eastern side of the
Andes the N W. winds are more suffocating than
the sirocco of Italy, but in Peru and Chili no such
effect is perceived. The climate is reckoned the
most agreeable in the world, as the sea breezes
render the temperature of the air mild and equable.
Fiery meteors are frequent but the aurora borealis
seldom appears.
There are several volcanoes in Chili. One that
was terx-ible by the convulsions and devastations
occasioned at Petorea 1762. There ape only two
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— DESCRIPTION OF CHILI,
ethers in the province except those that belong to
the Andes mountains. Orve is the great volcano of
Villarica: it is seen at the distance of 150 miles,
burning1 day and night. The summit is covered with
perpetual snow, but the sides, to the extent ~e
mountain or a lull that does not contain it — it
found in the soil of the plains and in the sand of the
rivers. The silver mine of Upalluta is supposed to
extend through the Andes from Potosi, a dinancr
:' of 840 miles. It had been neglected until 1762, but
fourteen miles broad, are shaded by a beautiful since lias been wrought to great advantage. U.-.si.-U-.-.
forest, watered by innumerable streams. Earth- j this there are several others.
qiukes are little known even in Copiapo and Co- j The commerce of Chili employs 23 or 24 ships,
quimbo, wli ere subterranean noises are often heard, from 500 to 600 tons each, and in return for the
Slight earthquakes are felt three
as in Tucuman.
or four times in the 'year; but only five of conse-
quence have occurred since the first settlement of
the Spaniards. One utterly destroyed the city of
Conception, and was accompanied by a ball of fire
Vhich darted from the Andes te the ocean : howe-
grain, wine, fruits, provisions, tallow, leather, wood,
copper, &,c. sent to Peru, they receive linen made
at Quito, iron, clot]), hats, sugar, cocoa, sweetmeats,
tobacco, oil, earthenware and European goods ge-
nerally. A small commerce, chiefly foivearthenwarr,
is carried on with Paraguay a;ul Buenos Ayres. The
ver, only seven persons perished, as the earthquakes | products of Paraguay consist principally in its herb
of Chili are preceded by a warning noise, and the and in wax; which are mostly forwarded from Chili
to Peru. To Mendoza are sent large quantities of
tallow to be manufactured into soap. Chili sends to
Buenos Ayres sugar, snuff, wine and brandy. The
two latter articles they buy at San Juan Ships from
Spain receive in return for their Kuroj>ean goodfc,
gold, silver, copper, Vicuna wool and dressed leather.
It is a matter of annual observation, that the sea
gradually retreats from the coast of Chili; ihertfore
the shore consists mostly of a plain, five or six miles
vibrations are horizontal and not explosive,
The rivers, though some are considerable, have
but a short course — from the^Andes to the sea.
There are several lakes, both fresh and salt, of
which the two principal are in Arucana, viz. the
Lanquen or Villarica, about 72 miles in circuit,
with a beautiful conical hill in the centre; and the
Nahuelgapi, which has an island in the middle that
gives rise to a river.
The fertility of the soil corresponds with the be-
nignity of the climate, and is wonderfully suited to
broad, all of which bears evident marks of the sink-
ing of the ocean. There are found in the declivities
European productions. The fields regularly tilled of this shore curious grottos, of several chambers,
- hung with shells or stalactites, and in these the
beasts take refuge in the winter.
The valor of the Araucans, or native Chilese,
ml their love of liberty and independence, are
their peculiar characteristics; — and they have been
signally manifested, not only in their* early con-
tests with the Incas of Peru, but in their resist-
ance to the invasions of the Spaniards. In 1535,
Almagro was commissioned to attempt the con-
quest of their territory, lie marched from Cuz-
co, and after losing many Indians as well as Span-
iurds, by cold, in passing over the Cordillera Ne-
vada, he arrived at Capiapo, where the natives
at once submitted. Cut from the other tribes he
met with such vigorous opposition, that, notwith-
standing the treasures he found, he was finally com-
pelled to abandon the country. In 1541, the scheme
of invasion was renewed, and" Valdivia was sent by
Pizarro far the purpose. He sucrecded in estab-
lishing himself and. founding1 the citv of Santiago,
which still remains the capital of the country. 'lie
was then promoted to the government, but after
many displays, both of courage and skill, he was
cutoff, with a considerable body of his troops, while
the remainder were saved only through the spirit
of Villagra his lieutenant. Several colonial towns
were then established by the Spaniards, which the
Araucans have repeatedly taken and destroyed. —
The frontier banks of the river IJiobio were then
are so little degenerated as to need no manure. The
northern provinces produce sugar cane, and maize is
abundant, every where. Their magu is a kind of rice
and tuca is a species of barley; both of which were
cultivated before the arrival" of die Spaniards, as
were peas and potatoes. It is supposed that Chili
is the country from which that valuable root was
originally procured. Almost all the pot-herbs and
fruits of the continent flourish there. Gentian is
thought peculiar to Chili, and the large white straw-
berry of the English gardens was brought from
thence. Tobjcco grows wild there, and an immense
number of medicinal plants, besides infinite varie-
ties ot splendid flowers and shrubs. There are se-
veral beautiful kinds of wood supplied from the
Chiiese forests, and one of them, the cinnamon tree,
produces what is called Winter's bark, which is
held sacred. They make many fine wines though no
kind of grapes seems to be indigenous.
Of the animals it is remarked that most of those
from Europe improve in Chili. The merinos retain
the fineness of their wool, the horned cattle are
larger than in Spain, and the horses surpass, both
in beauty and spirit, the famous Andalusian race
from which they sprung. Bees abound in the sou-
thern provinces. Reptiles are rare. The seals, called
sea cows, appear on the shores of Arucana. There
are innumerable sea fowl that annually retire to
the Andes to propagate. Ostriches abound — their
feathers are used for fans, parasols, &.c. and the
eggs, of which one female will lay from 40 to 60
lined with fortresses; av.d i.i 1773, after a wr.r that
-00-, _. _ - ., - cost the Spanish treasury 1,700,000 dollars, u pence
yearly, yield each about two pound of good food.] was concluded. The Toqui of the Araueaneittsist-
The minerals constitute the chief wealth of Chili.) ed upon having a minister resident from the Span-
ish court, which was reluctantly complied with.
The president, governor, or" captain-general of
Chili, resides in Santiago, exercising, except in time
It contains plenty of coal, rock-salt, alum, bitutoen,
and all the vitriols. Sal ammoniac is common near
the volcanoes and nitre abounds in Coquiinbo. Co-
piapo has two mountains of Ci'vstalized sulphur, and] of wr.r, an independent authoritv; the three great
pyrites of various kinds are found in different places. I officers of the kingdom, viz. the camp-marshal, ser-
Of the semi-metals are the arsenic, copalt, bismuth, jeant-major and commissary; alsy the four gover-
zinc, antimony and mercury, both in its virgin state nors of Chiloe, Valdivia, Valparaiso and Juan Fer-
" ines of nandex, being subject to his order. As president
f Chili j and governor-general, he administers jusiice, civil
annual! and criminal, in the two luills of the court of au-
al fifth, j dience, associated with a rcg-onV, judges, fiscal or
and in vermiilioni There" are many rich mines of nandex, being subject to his order. As president
lead, tin, iron, silver and gold. The gold of Chili j and
is reckoned the purest in the world, and the
produce of the country, deducting the roy
is about four millions of dollars, There is not alVbya procurator, :>
uge
a protector of 'he Indian. ---
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1816.
In cases where the amount is above 10,000 dollars,
there Is cm appeal to the supreme council of the
Indie; " i > n .-tre also tribunals of the finances, of
i, of vacant lands, of commerce, &c.—
n; ovinces are governed by prefects or corregi-
The Sp-mjsh inhabitants are chiefly from the
northern provinces of South America: they are d,£'
scribed as "\\.ell made, intrepid, incapable of trea-
son, vain, liberal, ardent, fond of pleasure, saga-
cious, observant, ingenious, and docile." The dress
frf* the men is generally French, and of the ladies,
the fashion of Peru, except that they wcar"4ong
gowns and have a more modest appearance. The
common people generally adopt the Araucan dress,
on account of its convenience. Dispersed through
a wide country, and unrestrained by village magis-
trates, they enjoy liberty, and lead tranquil lives
amidst the pleasures of that delicious climate.—
They are fond of gaiety, music and poetry, and
spend a great part of their time on horseback. The
natives, or Araucans, are fully described by Molina,
to whose work and to that of Ulloa, to Robertson's
America and to Pinkerton's Geography, 2d ed. we
are indebted for the brief account we have here
arcade out for the REGISTER.
Treasury of the United States.
Fro??; the National Intelligencer.
It will be recollected, that, before the last session
of congress, the secretary of the treasury submitted
to the state banks several propositions, in succession,
•with a view to enable the treasury to transfer its
funds from places, where they accumulated beyond
the local demand, to places where the local demand
exceeded the funds; with a view to equalize the
exchange between the different states; and with
an ulterior view to restore the lawful national
currency. The state banks, in general, declined
acting upon the propositions, without offering, in
T.ny instance, an efficient substitute, for the accom-
plishment of objects so important to them, as well
as to the government, and. to the p eo.pl e of the
United States.
The subject, under these circumstances, \
presented for the consideration of congress, and
the powers of the legislature have been put in
motion, to relieve the community from an indefinite
continuance of the evils, which were produced by
the suspension of payments in coin, at the principal
State banks. Th e establishment of a national bank,
and a resolution, which provides for collecting the
public revenue in the lawful currency of United
States, after the 20th of February 1817, are pre-
paratory, but decisive measures. * That they will
be enforced and strengthened by congress, cannot
be doubted by any man who is not prepared to
doubt the wisdom, policy and energy of the govern-
ment. It must, therefore, be an error, fatal, probably,
to many of the state banks, (against which they are
anxiously admonished) to indulge a hope, that the
next session will retract, or relax the measures of
the last. It is believed that not only the national
legislature, but the legislature r f every state in
the union must take a stand in pppositjpn to the
enormous abuses of the banking system.
The' resolution of congress of the 29th of April,
3816, directs and requires the secretary of the
treasury to make some attempt to facilitate the
collection of the revenue in the lawful currency,
even before the 20th of February 1817; and he has,
accordingly, addressed a circular letter to the state
of which a copy is subjoined. The pro-
posiiions contained in the circular, and the notice
accompanying it, are amicable, fair and practical-;
and the benefits to be derived from their adoption
are expected to be principally these:
\. That by requiring the banks to pay their notes
of a low denomination in coin, the public debtors
will be supplied with a current medium to answe?
the call upon them.
2. That by requiring the debtors of the United
States to pay debts of a small amount in coin, a
channel of circulation is kept open, for the eventual
return of the money to the banks, as a deposit.
3. That bv an early commencement of smalt
payments in com
the public confidence in the
convertibility of notes into money will gradually
revive, and the public mind be seasonably prepared*
to support the general resumption of coin payments
in February next.
In every view of the course now pursued by th'
treasury, 'we think the experiment proper to be
tried. If it succeed, the advantages are incalculable
If it fail, because the requisite co-cpevation of the
state banks is refused, the nation wul be com-
pletely awakened to a sense of its danger, as \vel<
as to the necessity of providing for its relief, by
means independent of those institutions.
Circular addressed by the secretary of the treasury
to the state banks, in order to facilitate Hi
execution of the resolution of congress, passed
29th of April, 1816.
Treasury (If.finrtmcnt, July 22, 1816.
Sin, — By the constitution and l»ws of the United
Spates, gold, silver, and copper coins are made the
only lawful money of the United States, current as
a legal tender in all cases whatsoever.
By particular acts of congress1, treasury notes
issued by the government, and notes issued by the
bank of the United States, are made receivable in
all payments to the United States.
But, in consequence ot° the suspension of pay-
ments in coin, at many of the principal state banks
the lawful money of the United States suddenly
ceased to be a circulating medium, and the trea-
sury notes issued by the government, having1 suf-
fered an ui • clue 'depreciation, the government, as
well as private citizens, yielded to the necessity ot
receiving and paying the notes of the state banks, as
a national currency.
The state banks have hitherto excused the SUL
pension of their payments in coin, upon the alleged
necessity of the act; and assurances have been given,'
repeatedly, that preparations were making to rcsu in >.
those payments.
The effect of such preparations has not hov
become visible; and an' apprehension has at 'length
been excited in the public mind, that the temptation
of proS-t, according to the present irregular conrs;
of banking, is tod great, to admit of a voluntary return
to the legitimate system of banking, upon the basis
of a metallic capital.
The banks of the New England states, (which
have always paid their own notes in coin) are ready
and willing to co-operate in the general revival of
the metallic
The banks in the states to-
the South, and t,o the" West, of Maryland, are ready
and willing, it is believed, to co-operate in the same
measure. The objection, or the obstacle, to the
measure, principally rests with the banks of the
middle states; but the most important of these
banks have converted their unproductive capital
of gold and silver, into the productive capital of
public stock, and a restoration of the metallic capi-
tal is alone wanting to enable them, also, to
their payments in coin.
NILES* WEEKLY REGISTER-TREASURY OF THE U. STATES. 377
Under these circumstances, it will not be doubt
ed by any candid and intelligent citizen, that a
simultaneous and uniform movement of the state
banks would, at this period, be successful, in the
revival »f the public confidence, and the restovatioi
of the lawful currency of the United States. An
Appeal is, therefore, made to these banks; in th
hope and the confidence, that they will adopt a
policy dictated by their own real and permanen
interests, as well as by the justice due to the com
mun ity .
By a resolution of congress, passed on the 29tl
of April, 1816, it is declared, that "from and after
ihc 20th day of February next, no duties, taxes
debts, or sums of mqney accruing, or becoming
payable, to the United States, ought to be collected
or received, otherwise than in the legal currencj
of the United States, or treasury notes, or notes o
the bank of the United States, or in notes of banks
which are payable and paid on demand, in the saic
legal currency of the United States."
But in addition to this positive limitation, the
Resolution ^requires anil 'directs the secretary of the
treasury to adopt 'such measures, as he may deem
necessary, to cause, as soon as may be, all such du-
ties, taxes, debts, or sums of money, to be collected
and paid in the legal currency of the United States
or treasury notes, or notes of the bank of the United
States, as by law provided and declared, or in notes
of banks, which are payable, and paid, on demant
in the legal currency of the United States." After
the 20th of February, 1817, therefore, the revenu
must be collected in the mode prescribed; but,
even previously, the secretary of the treasury i<
required and directed to pursue the proper mea
sures, for an earlier establishment of that mode o
collection.
It is the sincere desire of this department, to
execute the duty thus assigned to it, in a manner
the most convenient and acceptable to the state
banks, and, indeed, rather to invite £he banks to a
spontaneous adoption of the measures, which appear
to be necessary upon the occasion, than to proceed
by the mere force of official regulations. In the
draft of a treasury notice, which accompanies this
communication, and which you will consider in the
light of an amicable proposition, the views of the
department are conveyed as to the incipient and
•preparatory steps, that may, I think, ba safely
taken, with reference to a general resumption of
payments of coin, on the 20th of February next. It
r.he state banks concur in the opinion, so far as their
interests and operations are affected, their volun-
tary assent to the arrangement will undoubtedly
produce the most beneficial consequences, and I
shall proceed to announce it in official form. Permit
me, therefore, to request an early connnunication of
the decision of your bank upon the subject.
The present opportunity is embraced to repeat the
assurances, which have been uniformly givqn and
maintained, that this department deems the fiscal
interests of the government, and the successful
operations of the bank of the United States, to. be
intimately connected witli the credit and prosperity
of the state banks. Upon just and efficient princi-
ples of co-operation, it is hoped that the institutions,
federal and. state, will be mutually serviceable. —
From the state banks, a sincere and effectual exer-
tion, in the common cause of restoring the legal
currency, is certainly expected and required, but,
in return, they will merit and receive the confidence,
of the treasury and of the national bank; the trans-
fer of the public funds, from the state banks to the
.?.^ and its bran'-ho?- v. ill be gradMal;.ar.<.l
the notes of the state banks \yill be freely circu-
lated by the treasury and the national bank.
I am, very respectfully, sir, your most obedient
servant, A. J. DALLAS,
Secret m-rj of the treasury,
To the president of the bank of — — ..
A NOTICE,
Presented for the consideration of the state banks
Treasury Department, July, 1816.
Whereas, by a resolution of congress, passed on
the 29th of April, 1816, the secretary of 'the trea-
sury is required and directed to adopt such measures,
as he may deem necessary, to cause, as soon as may
be, all duties., taxes, and debts, or sums of money
accruing or becoming payable to the United States,
to be collected and paid in the legal currency of
the- United States, or treasury notes, or notes of
the bank of the United States, as by law provided
and declared, or in notes of banks, which are pay-
able. and paid on demand in the legal currency of
the United States: And it is further by the said.
resolution of congress declared, that from and after
the 20tu day of February, 1817, no such duties,
taxes, debts, or sums of money, ought to be other
wise collected or received, than in the manne:
aforesaid :
And whereas it is deemed expedient and ncco
sary to adopt measures preparatory to the genera
restoration of the legal currency of the United
States, contemplated by the said resolution of con-.
gress, as well as to facilitate. the collection of the
revenue, as soon as may be, in the manner thereh,
specified :
Notice- is, therefore given as follows :
That from and after, the ls.t day of October next,
bank notes of the denomination of five dollars, am:
under, shall not be received in any payments to tht;
United States, for debts, duties, or taxes, unless:
such notes ,-ive payable and paid on demand in tin
legal currency of the United States, by the bank
respectively issuing the same.
2d. That from and after the 1st day of October
next, banknotes of whatever denomination, issuer
by any bank, which does not p;iy upon demand i>
notes of the denomination of five dollars, and uu-
ler, in the legal currency of the United State.'
shall not be received in any payments to tire Unit-
ed States, for debts, duties or taxes.
3rd. That from and after the 1st day of October
next, all sums of money accruing- or payable to th^:
United States, for the purchase of public lands, QJ-
othev debts, or for duties of import and tonnage,
of the amount of five dollars and under, and all
fractions of such sums of money, and duties not
exceeding the amount of'five dollars, shall be paid
and collected in the legal currency of the United
States in treasury notes, in the notes of the bank
of the United States, or in notes of banks which
are payable, and paid on demand, in the said legal
currency of the United States, and not otherwise.
4th. That from and after the 1st day of October
lext, all sums of money accruing- and payable to the
United States, on account of the internal revenue,
or direct ta^, of the amount of one dollar and un-
ler, and all fractions of such last mentioned sums
>f money, not exceeding the amount of one dollar,
shall be paid and collected in the legal currency
of the United States, in treasury nores, in the notes
of the bank of the United States, or in notes oi'
janks, which are payable and paid on demand, in
he said legal currency of the United States, and
lot otherwise.
5th. That from and after the 20th day of February,
17, all duties, taxes., debts, or sums of money
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, AUGUST 5, 1816.
accruing or becoming payable to the United States,
shall be paid and collected iu tbe legal currency
of the United States, or treasury notes, or notes
of ihe bank of the United Slates, or in notes of
banks, which are payable and paid on demand, in
the said legal currency of the United States.
And all collectors and receivers of public money,
are required to pay due attention to the notice here-
by given, and to govern themselves, in the collec-
tion and receipt of the public dues, duties, and
tuxes, accordingly.
Foreign Articles.
In the late European papers there is little to
amuse or instruct us — "they have made a solitude
and call it peace." It is said that Talleyrand ex-
pects again to get into the miuistry. The Russian
army is kept up to the war establishment. The
duke of Cambridge, one of the sons of old George,
r; to many Sophia of Gloucester, his cousin. The
London papers congratulate the people, that by
joining the two sums which these already leech from
them, an additional allowance will not be necessa-
ry- The duke of Gloucester, the brother of Sophia
we believe, is to marry the princess Mary, a sister
of the duke of Cambridge. These are both rather
undent couples. The duchess of Bei-ri was to ar-
rive at Paris on the 10th of June. Dispositions to
riot are manifested in many parts of England, by
the suffering people. Joseph Bonaparts has a
large quantity of diamonds which his agents are
endeavoring to sell at Stutgard — they are said to
sell heavily. Many villages in Brunswick have re
cently been destroyed by fire, supposed by design.
From India we learn that the British — from a pure
love of liberty, were again invading the country of
Napaulese, to "deliver" them to the East India com
j,(im> — a body of men whose murders throw all the
battles and desolations of Alexander the Great in
the shade. He destroyed by hundreds of thousand*
only, they do it by millions "Perish the invaders'
Amsterdam is to be lighted by gas. The prince
regent's wife was at Alexandria, in E^ypt.
The o\<\ friend of the United States, the quizzica
Mr. Canning, is a candidate for parliament from Li
•vr.rpool. He is opposed by a Mr. Leyland. The result
of ihe election is doubtful. As a specimen of the
v.'ay in which things are carried on in England, we
give the following extract from a Liverpool papei
oi' the 10-tii of June : —
"The opposition to Mr. Canning is greater thai
you can possibly conceive. On Saturday he was se
vercly handled, and very narrowly escaped the brick
bavs tliat were thrown at him. Some of his part)
vere not so fortunate as himself. Three person:
have -been seriously hurt. One young man, in parti
cular, had his head most dreadfully cut. A fresh
attack has been made on Mr. Gladstane's house
?.nd the windows of Mr. Bolton's house have been
entirely carried away by the throwing of stones
bricks, 8cc. at them. Mr. Canning's majority is at
tributed to the want of the electors having a per
sonal promise from Mr. Leyland that he is heart
in their cause, and his coming forward this day (o
which, I understand, there is no doubt) is expecte<
to make a very considerable change to-morro
evening."
Seven hundred Swiss and Wirtemberg emigrant
were :it Amsterdam in May, about to embark fo
America.
Louio has issued a decree providing "that th
property and revenues proceeding from thefamilie
.of the Jiiuapc.rtes" shall be appropriated t-° *U
upport of disabled soldiers, Sic. This seems right
nough.
The princess Charlotte of Wales, junior, lately
married, has caught a bad cold, and "is somewhat
ndisposed"— which excited great interest in Lon-
on, 8tc. "Poor thing."
Tatteyrfiitdhsa been at Paris — and is supposed to
e on some new intrigue.
Bemadotie appears rather insecurely seated in
weden, and if Russia does not protect him, he
rill be cast off as an illegitimate. But Alexander,
t is said, pursuing his ambitien, will support him,
—like he did Poland.
Jlngereau is now reported not to be dead, as was
tated. The only news of importance we have in the
•ench papers, is accounts of arrests and trials.
)idier, of Grenoble, was not shot on the 5th of June:
few commotions were expected in that city. Gen.
Guyer, sentenced to be shot, has been graciously
ardoned by an imprisonment of twenty years.
Ferdinand and his monks have been" amusing
liemselves by murdering a number of gallant fel-
ows by torture at Madrid. The fools desired a
ing-, and have got a stork.
The petition to the British parliament for relief
f the Irish Roman Catholics, has been rejected by
majority of 32.
British and Algiers. — By a letter from the British
onsul at Barcelona, posted at Lloyd's coffee house,
London, it appears highly probable that the Alge-
ines have made war upon the British — the report
ieing received that they had seized certain English
essels at Oran, and sent their crews, together with
he vice-consul, prisoners to Algiers. We sincerely
i ope this news may be true; trusting that it will
lissolve the partnership so long existing between the
wo — and end in the future security of Europe
.gainst the piracies of the barbarians.
In lord Exmouth's letter to the king of Naples,
after informing him of the treaty made with the
ley of Algiers, with his orders) is the following
em ark : — "I have made the dey perfectly under-
tand, that upon his good faith and moderation,
vottld depend the existence of his political power,- and
hat by departing from those principles, as in the.
:ase of this year, he would excite the resentment of
ill Europe, which is ready ts write all its forces to
oppose the proceedings of ihe Barbary powers."
The American Bee, a paper published at Phila-
delphia in French, lias the following paragraph —
"Two persons walking on the plain des Sablons,
icar Paris, heard a fusilade, which announced the
xcouion of some person, one asked what that
iring was for — the other replied, "it is only some
<ie that is taking the benefit nf the amnesty."
A London paper says — numbers of the laboring
Door who have applied to the different sessions for
:ertificates to enable them to go" to America, have
been under the necessity of leaving behind them their
wives and children, to be supported by the parishes
'ram which they have fled!
Stocks, London, June 12. — 3 per cent. red. 63;—
omnium 23 1-4 3-8; consols, for ace. 64 7-8.
Scraps from London papers — Several hundred per-
sons have recently been discharged from the iron
works and mines in the neighborhood of Welling-
ton, Ketley, Coalpit bank, Ironbridge, &c. inconse-
quence of the depressed state of trade. At Wel-
lington, in particular, the distress of the lower or-
der is very great. On Sunday se'nnight, the town
was literally crowded with persons out of employ,
many of whom in vain applied to the recruiting par-
ties.
An extraordinary race, for the distance of 100
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTERS-FOREIGN ARTICLES.
nilles, between a noted road horse and a reputed !
trotting inare, took place on Wednesday last; they
started about three o'clock in themorning, from the
great tree, at Elstow, near Bedford, and arrived at
the Peacock Inn, at Islington, in three hours and
three quarters ! ! ! — 50 miles ! ! ! Then returned to
Codicate, about 23 miles from Bedford, where the
horse expired. The mare was unable to proceed
further than Hitchin, 16 miles from Bedford; \ve
understand she is also since dead.
SOUTH AMERICA.
We are indebted to the Democratic Press for trans-
lations of several bulletins of news, from the patriot
forces under Holivar and his colleagues. The first
is as follows: —
The newspapers and private letters received from
St. Thomas, acquaint us with flattering news, which
we hasten to publish for general satisfaction.
The gazettes of Caracas which reached that isl-
and, jnform us of the glorious successes which the
arms of the republic, under the command of the
renowned generals Zaraza and Cedenot have obtain-
ed in the siege of la Puerta, and the province oi
Gunyana. Zaraza closely threatens already the ca-
pital of Venezuela with a strong army, after having
cleared all the plains of Calabozo and Barinas
Cedeno has entirely defeated and destroyed a Spa
nish division of 500 men, which the governor o
Guayana dared to present before the gallant and nu
merous army which there defends liberty. But i
is not Venezuela alone that is the theatre of fortum
and glory. New Granada also makes extraordinary
efforts against the Spanish tyrants. The fate of gen
Morillo has equalled that of the governor of Guay
ana. The plains of Bogota, in the province of Gun
dinanuirca, are the happy fields alloted to our ven
geancc by Providence, by punishing the crimes o
that army which styled "itself the peace-maker o
America; that great arnjy has been there annihilat
ed, and its bloody and ferocious chief only escapee
to testify to the American valor. New Granada ha
enjoyed peace after this famous exploit.
All these advantages over the enemy are exclu
sively owing to the courage and virtues inspired b
a cause so holy as that which we defend. Till no\
our soldiers have fought without arms; hencefor
ward their victories will prove more decisive, thei
triumph more certain, and they will firmly hold th
positions which they may gain. Their gallantry
will be upheld and aided by the arms and other im
mense military stores brought by the deliverin:
expedition. Until now the tyrants waged war on 1
against flying parties, which, acting independent!)
had no concentration, energy or combination; bn
in future they will have to tight against a strong an
numerous army, under the command of a singl
chief, as much known and beloved by his trpops an
people, as he is feared and respected by his advei
saries.
No sooner did the delivering expedition appea
in Guira and this city, than the whole coast wa
abandoned by the enemy, who are flying in evei
dircction.>and are entirely dismayed.
His excellency major-general James Marino a
nounces from Rio Caribbe, to the most excellen
captain-general, the liberty of Jaguaraparo Guar
piche, and other adjacent towns, the citizens
which eagerly press to enlist in the army, anxio
to revenge the wrongs which their country has su
fered.
The newspapers from England and the Unite
States of North America, announce a speedy ru]
lure between the two maritime powers and Spai
The principal object of it js^ without doubt, th;
protecting us in our struggle, and giving us eve-
kind of support. Our situation of course will
ive an infinite advantage over that of our enemies.
11 their ports will be blockaded by two powerful
quadrons which are near at hand. Thus deprived
:' resources from the exterior, and the interior oc-
ipied by our forces, the destruction of our enemy
inevitable.
Curupano, June the 6th, 18 1C, and the 6th of the
epublic.
jii the absence of his excellency the met jar -genera',
LOUIS DCCUDIIAY I)K TIniSTKlX,
Second chief of the stafF.
The next gives a detailed account of the scu-fight
ff Margaretta, and highly praises the valor of the
eamen and the troops. The vessels captured was
fine Spanish government brig', called the Intrepid,
arrying 14 eight pounders, six of which were long-
rass pieces, and 140 men; the other, the schooner
tita, mounting one 18-poumler on a pivot, two 24-
>und carronades, two doubled fortified 8's, and
0 men: The capture of these vessels v/as a very
mportant event to the patriots. They lost only 7
men in the battle. The Spaniards fought despanlte-
y, knowing, from their late proceeding's in Marga-
etta, they would be put to death if taken, and^so
hey were.
The next has an account of some their unimportant
iroceeclings at Margaretta, and states that the Spa-
liards had totally destroyed the city of Ascension,
'not leaving one stone upon another."
The last says—
On the 25th ultimo, the squadron set sail from
he north point of Margaretta, and on the 31st, at $
p. M. anchored in Carupano, opposite the battery of
Santa Rosa, where the Spanish standard was iiut-
ering.
On the morning of the 1st, the supreme chief of
.he republic, who commands the delivering expedi-
tion, intimated to th'j Spanish commander to sur-
•enderthe place, and in case of a refusal, he would
take it by assault. A verbal ans\ver in the negative
was returned.
The column of disembarkation, under the orders
of gen. Miraiy), general Piar and colonel Soublette,
Degun its operations windwardly on the left, ana
after bearing- for two hours an irregular fire, of lit-
tle effect, the supposed impregnable heights, which
commanded the city, were carried.
The battery Santa Rosa and the Spanish flying ar-
tillery kept up a constant action with the squadron.
General Piar attacked the enemy in the rear with
the greatest success, aifd we took both the place
and forts without any loss.
Our victory was complete, and the flight of the
enenru shameful, in spite of all his advantages in
positions, artillery svnd cavalry. The whole property
of the Spaniards fell into our possession, as also the
brig Indio JJello and the schooner Fortuna, which
were at anchor in the bay. Oar booty is very con-
siderable.
In consequence of taking Carupar.o, the Spaniards
have withdrawn from Curiaco to Guira, and ovu*
communications of Matiirin are expeditious by laud,
and through Golfo-Triste.
General-quarters of Curupano, June 8, 1816, year
6th of the independence.
fathe absence of Ids excellency the major-general,
Louis DCCUBUAY DK HoLsrnay,
Second chief of the staff.
djr'The editor of the Aurora, on inserti: i->; these
bulletins, says that "Louis DiictcdrQij nfHoffiein, is
a Dane by birth and an educated soldier"— -that he
fought nearly twenty years under the tri lolorcd
380 NILES3 WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1-816,
standard of Prance, but being1 wounded and left for
dead, was made a prisoner in Spain, from whence he
effected his escape to the United States, and \vas
desirous of entering1 our service. The patriots have
wanted a man of such talents and acquirements as
Ducudray appears to possess.
SPANISH "MAGNANIMITY."
The case of Richard Mea'de, Esqr.
In justice of an abused fellow citixen— to exem-
plify the gratitude of Spanish royalists and hold them
up to the reprobation £hey deserve, we have .care-
Ailly abstracted the following- from a long1 detail of
facts and many documents published in the Aurora.
It appears to contain "a view of the whole ground."
Mr. Meade is an American citizen, who has been
for several years a merchant at Cadiz; and was con-
sul, ad interim, of that port for the United States.
When the city was invested by the French, and even
subsequently, lie advanced to the Spanish govern-
ment sums to the amount of more than two millions,
for the subsistence of their armies. A part of this
claration from th,e intendantof the treasury, stating,
that his claims were included in the decree. On.
which the auditors told him that they had nothing
to do with the justice or injustice of the case, and
that he must pay the sum required, or be imprison-
ed, lie was then committed to the Castle of St.
Catalina, where he remained until the 27th of May
last.
The business ami the seals of the consulate had,
in the mean time, been com milted to Mr. Kobinett,
when Mr. Cathcart arrived and presented his pvo-
test to the captain-general, &c. governor of Cadiz;
stating that IJ. C. M had, by his own royal sign ma-
nual, acknowledged the amount in question to be
considered as deposited v» the royal treasury, and
that a former governor had given notice that it was
his majesty's pleasure to order a suspension of all
proceeding, until the necessary funds should be
forthcoming to realize that deposit, &c. He com-
plained, likewise, that Mr. Meade was confined in
a place "that had been used as a dungeon, with a
•was discharged by bills on Lpndon, but it appears j sentry constantly kept in view, upon the unfounded
that about one million still remained due. While a? id absurd pretext that he had intended ro leave the
the cortez sat at Cadiz lie was imprisoned for refus-
ing to surrender to th-?
the American merchani
commission. From the civil authorities, that exe-
cuted this base outrage, he appealed, in a spirited
manner, to the coi'tez, ami by th^s procured his re-
lease; notwithstanding1 \vhich, his stores were bro-
ken open and his property taken.
Afterwards, in the course of his mercantile bu-
^iness, he obtained, by negociation and agencv, one
or two hundred thousand dollars of a credit on ac-
count of the Spanish treasury; and this, together
?.vith a further credit in foreign countries, secured
on the same account, he had, by consent of the pub-
iic authorities, placed as a liquidation of an equal
amount af debt due to him — triplicate receipts be-
given to him to that effect.
city."" He then demanded that Mr. Meade should
r.n his property, and that of be permitted to go to Madrid, to defend his rights
!G for whom be nas acting on under ti»e auspices of the American envoy, then ex-
.-..:• _..*.:__:<:_.. .K.,\.... pectecUherej or atleast, that he should be. permit*
ted to return to his house, he (Mr. Cathcr.rt) offer-
ing himself, in his public or private capacity, re-
sponsible for Mr. M cade's person.
The governor replied that the imprisonment was
in consequence of a decree from the royal and su-
preme council ofivar, and that all reasoning with him
about the injustice of the case was unnecessary; as
such arguments should have been addressed to the
supreme authority. He refused to grant Mr. Meade
a passport to Madrid; but agreed' that, if Mr. Cath-
cart would become respowrifite for him, he would
submit that part of the matter to the consulado.
Mr. Cathcurt
replied to this, repeating his pro:
Above a year after this affair had been thus ad- j test and complaints, and concluded by pledging
i'usted, when a new set of hungry public ag-ents had j himself for the personal security of Mr. Meade. H £
tjot into power, he was required to pay into the ; ;dso requested a copy of the royal order, and of the
-•easurya sum equal to that for which he had ob- j other proceedings in the affair, offering to pay a'4
tained receipts. On the 2d of May lust, he v/us in- j expence himself.
ibrmed, by the auditor of war, th:it in consequence) The captain-general then informed Mr. Cathcart,
of a secret consultation, a royal order had been issu- that the offer of responsibility and request of pa-
ed, requiring of him, under the peril of imprison- < pers, had been laid before the consulado.
ment, to pay the money or furnish to the tribunal ofj Tins is followed by a letter from the governor r>i"
commerce satisfactory security* He protested j the ^castle of Catalina, to the governor of Cadiz,
against the demand, but to preserve his persona^ stating that Mr. Meade was, used very well, that
liberty
the most
of notes.
ty until a hearing could be had, he tendered; he had >:ia very decent apaitsn.ent pliystered, with a
nost ample security — consisting of a "deposit' large window, and such as is occasionally occupied
>tcs, in which the members of the tribunal were by persons of all classes" — and that "although he
among the signers." The demaud was then changed,
and no security but cash would be accepted. Mr.
Meade then' offered bills :,ad orders of the king,
('libramientosj which he possessed, to ten times the
amount, 'on the treasuries of the provinces— he of-
fered to give
at he would be equally as safe walking the streets
'Cadiz, as if confined in the narrowest duneon"
ered to give security for his person to any amount, j the risk of b
nd to add the deposit of notes proposed; but hej w.- ild lie hav
b-soluielv refused to auermcnt the debt already due risk."
supposes, from Mr. Meade's respectable character,
th
ofC
yet he had told Mr. Meade with his "accustomed
frankness," he says, "that he never chooses to run
the risk of being implicated for any person, nor
absolutely refused to augment the debt already due
to him by the Spanish government, as an order had
issued declaring, that all contracts made prior to
December, 1814, should be considered as belonging
to the public debt; which was equivalent to a deter-
mination not to pay them — their evidences of debt
being at 80 or 90 per cent, discount. It was thei
have tl.\c officer of the guard run
being ;
observed to him, that the order made an exception
of debts due to foreigners, to which class he bqlong-
ed. lie replied to t«is, that he had a written de-
*Upon the allegation, that they were informed he
intemkxi to leave the city.
The official decree of the consulado is, "that thf
security proposed bv the consul of the United States
is neither in its nature nor object, such :is could be
approved as admissible," &c. Upon which the go-
vernor issues his decree, thatheibeis himself oblig-
ed faithfully to observe the tenor of the royal man-
d'.itf of tlte supreme council of war — that Mr. Meade's
confinement cannot be meliorated, as the castle of
Santa Catalina, from its locality, rendered all these
precautions necessary; and that it "might be more
aggravating to him to be removed to another pri-
j son where such prer-uitjons were notnecesso"
NILES* WEEKLY REGISTER— STATISTICAL ARTICLED.
Copies of the proceeding's should be furnished, "with
the exception of the royal decree of 'the supreme coiin-
<://, which contains expressions indicating' secrecy.
Statistical Articles.
BANK OF THE UNITED STATES.
Amount of subscriptions.
Philadelphia,
Baltimore
Charleston,
Boston
New- York
Richmond
Washing-ton City .
Providence, (R. I )
Middletovrn, (Con.)
Wilmington, (Del.)
ftaleigh
Portland
Trenton, (N. J.) .
S5,833>600
4,014,000
2,613,000
2,400,800
2,300,000
1,702,200
1,293,000
750,000
. 680,000
470,600
, 285,000
210,000
, 130,000
$22,682,200
' New Hampshire, Vermont, Georgia, Kentucky,
Tennessee, Ohio and Louisiana are yet to be heard
rrom.
'It is understood, that there is an individual in
Philadelphia who has offered, at once, to take what-
ever amount of the capital of the bank that shall
appear unsubscribed for, if any. Probably, the stock
has all been taken. The whole capital is 35 millions,
but/ millions were reserved for the government.
TRAVELLING. — We have the following very in-
teresting1 article from the Albany Argus. I hope
that somebody may repu Wish it and the annexed
piece of intelligence in England, for the benefit of
lord Sheffield :
The facility and economy of travelling1, produced
by the introduction of steam-boats into our waters,
is matter of surprise and felicitation- Routes that
formerly required weeks to travel, are now per-
formed in about as many days; with infinitely more
ease and less expence. We have heard the remark
ofte;i made that steam-boats have brought New-
York to within thirty miles of Albany; and that the
wholesale business of our merchants has decreased
in a ratio proportionable to the decrease of distance
— the buyers finding little inconvenience or delay
in going to the former to make their purchases.
The following1 statement of distances, fare, ex-
pences, and time of travelling-, from Philadelphia
to Quebec will fully illustrate ^our remark, and may
be of some use to the traveller.
Expenec. Hours. Miles.
From Philadelphia to New-York by steam-
boats ami stage, say tils. 10 13 96
rew-York to Albany, by steam-bftat, 7 24 160
Albany to Whitehall, by stages, lure),
New-York to Albany, by steam-bftat,
Albany to Whitehall, by stages '' "
5 dollars, expence 3 dollars,
Whitehall to St. John's, by Sttam-boat, 9
St. John's to Montreal " 3
Montreal to Quebec', by steam-boat, 10
150
37
180
Dolls. 47 103 699
Thus a person may travel 700 miles in a little
Thursdays at 2A.M. Two ply on lake Champlain
twice a week and exchange passengers at Ticon-
deroga. One starts Wednesday and Saturday, at 2
P. M. from Whitehall, and Tuesday and Friday, at
8 A. M. from St. Johns. A steam-boat leaves Al-
bany for New York Monday, Wednesday, Friday
and Saturday, at 9* A. M. and New York for Albany
the same days at 5 P. M. Boats start from New-
York for Elizabethtoxvn twice a day, 5 and 10 A. M.
and for New Brunswick, Monday, Wednesday and
Friday at 7 A. M. and the passengers are received
on board boats in the Delaware, whicii convey them
without delay to Philadelphia.
IXLAXD TRADE AND COMMERCE. We recently 110-
ticed the arrival of a large boat or vessel at Mon-
treal from Schencctady, in New York, shewing a
water route from the city of New York to Quebec.
The annexed article from the OJdo Register shews
there also may be a water route from Louisiana to
New-York — up the Mississippi, Ohio and Sciota to
the Sandusky,* and down that river and lake Erie
to Buffalo! What a cruise! How great cause have
we to thank God for the innumerable blessings he
has lavished on our country! May these stream*,
of Uis bounty, be the means of extending brotherly
love and friendship to each other among the mem-
bers of the most distant parts of the union, through
trade and commerce and mutual dependence ©u
one another.
"John Roberts,, of Franklin county, at Sell's mills,
on the Scioto river, above Columbus, built a boat
of about two tons burthen, with which he navigat-
ed the Sciota to its plains; he then took her (on a
wager) to the head of Sandusky river, about 6 or 3
miles further. On the 1st of July, ult. he arrived
at Lower Sandusky, having sustained no injury oa
the passage, with whiskey and flour, destined for
Detroit, for whicii place she sailed the next even-
ing after her arrival, Mr. Roberts says that he met
with but very little obstruction until he came to
within 8 miles of Lower Sandusky, when he found
it necessary to be very- cautious. He is fully of
opinion, that (with the exception of the first 7 or 8
miles, including a short rapid below Fort Ball) the
Sandusky may be navigated, without difficulty, to
within a short distance of the navigable waters ot"
the Scioto, it having a very handsome smooth rock
bottom, and for a great part of the way the current
not too strong to prevent sailing."
I xi, A KM NAVIGATION. Articles of country pro-
duce have been brought to Pittsburg, down theAl-
leghany river, from Hamilton, in the state of JVevi-
York\ Look at the map! — In our last paper we gave
an interesting account of the Roanokc river, by col.
Lewis. The boat he descended in was built at the
foot of the peaks of Otter. The distance navigated
370 miles, bringing to Norfolk a barrel of "moun-
tain Hour." This expedition chiefly excited a com-
pany at Norfolk for improving the navigation of
that river with a capital of £ 100,000; which was
filled, last winter, in a few hours. The Rappahan-
nock ia, also, aootu to be improved. Early in last
more than four days," at an expence of fifty dollars, mouth, §35,000 wei'e subscribed at Fredericksburg,
He, and sleep comfort- for the purpose.
or about seven cents per mile
ably on the way. The arrival :;nd departure of the
stages and steamboats are so arranged, that the
above route may be performed in about five and a
half successive davit, and the traveller tarry 6 hours
in New- York, 9 hours in Albany, 19 at Whitehall
and 6 in Montreal. Such expedition in travelling,
\ve believe, cannot be equalled iu any other cou;i-jhe would
DIRTHSSS. A letter from Carlisle, Eng. received
at Norfolk, Va. says that upwards of 100 farmers of
Cumberland are iu jail for debt, besides other pei>
SOILS — and the prison had become so full, that the.
jailor, hard put to it to accommodate so many,
seemed determined to make selections as to whom
try on the globe.
Three steam-boats ply from Montreal to Quebec
a \veejk, and start Sundays, Tuesdays -ami
PA ir OF THE AIIMT. A comparative view of the
*There is a skort portage here.
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1816,
pay of ttie officers of the army of the United States
and Great Britain has been published. The whole
pay and allowance to a captain in the former is esti-
ma'ted at 700, and in the latter at 1,600 dollars, a
year. As they advance in rank, the difference is still
greater. Our colonels, for instance, receive $2 50
per day, as pay, and 1 20 for subsistence; in the
British service the colonels receive, if of cavalrv,
7 39, artillery 6 80, infantry 5 02 per day, as pay,
each having an allowance of g3 96 for subsistence.
Two WOOLI,I:NT ^MANUFACTORIES have recently gone
into extensive operation; one near Baltimore, and
the other on the Little Falls of the Potomac. Suc-
cess to them! — So great has been the progress of
luxury, that they must try to please the eye, as well
as save the pockets of their customers, by the dura-
bility of their fabrics.
The Boston glass -works have long been famous
for their window lights, said to be superior to any
other made in the world! They have lately added
to their manufactures chemical apparatus and apothe-
caries furniture, with decanters, tumblers, wines, £Jc.
extensively. May they prosper!
Every thing of this kind shoves us up the "ladder
of independence," and advances us towards a na-
tional character and national feeling — which we have
miserably wanted. People may think and say what
they please — but the manufactures of the United
States "most be supported — we must make for our-
selves, or do without, as the state of commerce now
is.
ISDIAXA. From the Indiana Register. — Indiana
had last summer a population of nearly 70,000 souls
— counting the emigration throughout the state, in
the proportion that we find the actual increase of
Switzerland county, gives a total of 112,000.
WIIITK SKATES. From the Columbian. — A friend
at Bordeaux has forwarded a pamphlet to the edi-
tors, consisting of "Documents annexed to the re-
port of the president of the reunion of the knight
liberators of the white slaves in Africa, assembled
in Vienna," &.c. [among the legitimate enslavers oi
white men]. It exhibits several instances of wan
ton cruelty, in the 13arbary powers, and miserable
accounts of servitude and suffering*. "According
to the last report of the missionaries in the nortl
of Africa, published under the authority of the pope
the number of Christian slaves of all denominations
in the Barbary states of Morocco, Algiers, Tunis
and Tripoli, exceeded 51,000." There are neai
four times as many millions of "white slaves" in Eu
rope, and in France and Ireland they are treated al-
most as cruelly as in Algiers. These documents
are translated, and "published by permission" al
Paris, this present year.
[These "knights liberators" ought to have elect
cd JJecatnr a "commander" — knight of the advance
and have taken the "striped bunting" for tbeir ban
ner. The effect of these would be great — enqidrt
vf lord Exmouth.]
" RUSSIAN MANUFACTURES. — The Gazette of Peters
burgh of the 8th of September, gives the state o
manufactures in Russia in the year 1815. There ar<
reckoned in the different provinces of this vas
empire. 381 cloth manufactories, 150 of silk, 370 o
hats, 1,348 tanneries, 247 manufactories of waj
candles, 64- founclcries of tallow, 184 linen factories
67 paper mills, 295 cotton factories, 80 rope walks
14 manufactories of pot ash, 5 of tobacco, 6 of snuf
boxes, 48 sugar refiners, 2 powder and starch ma
nufactories, 30 of vinegar and spirits, 25 of lace
25 of colors, 5 of sealing wax, 14 of vitriol and sul
phur, 199 of pins, needles, 8tc. 138 of glass, 16 o
anji deif, 43 of brass and copper, 3 o
iipes, «-.c. in all 3,253. In 1812 there were no more
han 2,322, so that' the number has increased during
wo years by 931.
DEXMARK. — In the year 1810, the births in Den-
mark, were 30,439, and deaths 23,091. In Norway,
irths 24,585, deaths 23,793. In the dutchiea of
Jleswick and Holstein, the births were 18,911, and
he deaths 14,946. In all 73,955 births and
11,830 deaths. Consequently the births exceeded
he deaths by 12,105. The island of Romholm is not
ncluded, the list not being received
GAZETTES on NEWSPAPERS; — Monsieur de Saint-
ix, in his Historical Essays on Paris, gives this
account of their introduction : —
Theophrastus Ilenaudot, a physician of Paris,
licked up news from all quarters to amuse his pa-
ients; he presently became more in request than
iny of his brethren; but as a whole city is not ill, or
.t least don't imagine itself so, he began to reflect
it the end of some years that he might gain a more
considerable income by giving a paper every week,
containing the news of different countries. A per-
nission was necessary; he obtained it with an ex-
clusive privilege, in 1632. Such papers had been in
ise a considerable tune at Venice and were called
Gazettes, because a small piece of money, called
iazetta, was paid for reading them. This is the
origin of our Gazette and its name. About ten years
ifterwards, they were common in England by the
lame of Mercuries.
CAPITO! AT WASHINGTON.
Extract of a letter from II rasJnngton, June 29th, 1816,
Mr. Latrobe has already so repaired the exteri-
or of the capitol, that in a few months the effects
of the fire will be scarcely visible.
In the interior he is busily at work, but no judg-
ment can be formed of the alterations, which are m-
:ended, from the present appearances; and which I
am informed, are very considerable. Mr. Latrobe
is about to employ, for the columns of the house of
representatives, one of the most beautiful marbles I
lave ever seen, of which he gave me the following
memorandum: "On a trip to Reading, in our state,
with our late friend Thomas Smith, the mineralogist,
near twenty years ago, they discovered in one of the
roughest and most unpromising rocks of the coun-
try, a breccia, or aggregation of lime stone pebbles,
cemented by a red calcareous mass into one body,
resembling very much the so called pudding-stone,
which is an aggregation of siliceous pebbles, sand,
and gravel, cemented by a ferruginous mass. He
afterwards discovered the same stone on James river
in Virginia* — on the turnpike road above Frederick-
town,— and about a year ago on tlie south side of the
Potomac, near Leesburg. Its situation is uniformly
on the south east side of the S. W. mountain, as it
is called in Virginia, and the Cotocktin mountain in
Maryland.
Above the Cotocktin mountain in Loudon county,
Sec. he also discovered, in what is called the white
limestone, a very beautiful white statuary marble.
In a journey to Loudon county to examine the
white marble, he saw the breccia above mentioned in
enormous rock-masses, crossing the Potomac; and
conceived the idea of employing it in the capitol. —
ILivi'Mg ascertained that it could be wrought, that it
would receive an exquisite polish, and that columns
of any given size could be got out of it, he propos-
ed to the president the employment of this marble
instead of the coarse sand stone formerly used in
the capitol. The president agreed to the proposi-
tion." This account I have extracted from a memo-
randum Mr. Latrobe was so good as to give me.
lie informed me that ,-v contract was already
MLES' WEEKLY REGISTER-CHRONICLE.
383
fur the columns, which can be brought by water to
the foot of Capitol hill from the quarry. They will be
26 feet long, and near 3 feet in diameter in a single
block. I saw several pieces of this marble at Mr.
Latrobe's house, beautifully polished. They are of
two kinds: one a mixture of rounded pebbles of all
£izes and colors, deep red, blue, yellow, veined,
spotted, white, and of all intermediate colours, em-
bedded in a deep, and rather dull red cement;
which not receiving so-bright a polish as the peb-
pies, gives to them by contrast, the most brilliant
and twinkling effect imaginable: the other consists
of the same kind of pebbles, imbedded in a sea-green
cement; and this is, in my opinion, by far the most
beautiful. It is only found in a particular rock, and
not in sufficient quantity to be employed for the large
columns.
Mr. Latrobe stated that from the whole appear-
ance of these rocks, it was evident that a large, ra-
pid and powerful stream of water had for centuries
run over them in a direction to the north east, after
the pebbles had been cemented into rocks. But
whatever may have been their original, the public
are under new obligations to this spirited engineer for
bringing into use the internal riches of our country.
\U. S. Gazette.
The 7,oty inquisition. The London Morning Chro-
nicle of a late date says— A gentleman just return-
ed from Bilboa informs that on the arrival of his ves-
sel at that port, a guard boat belonging to the holy
inquisition came on board, having the banner of that
humane tribunal flying, and manned with a respect-
able number of friars. They enquired for papers
and books, and asked the master and crew many
questions respecting the conversation of the pas-
sengers on religious and political matters; whe-
ther there had been much swearing on board dur-
ing the voyage, &c. and to end the ceremony, the
master had to pay a doubloon for his fees, a circum-
stance which was very near provoking him to some
exclamations, well calculated to draw down upon
him the thundering censures of the holy office. —
We mention this for the information of the public,
ns beyond doubt the same regulation has been adopt-
ed i« all Spanish ports and may take British ves-
sels and passengers by surprise. A common prayer
book, Robertson's works, or masonic insignia, are
sufficient for the seizure of any one; and it must
not be forgotten, that in the inquisition, confisca-
tion of property always follows conviction.
AYithin a few years an interesting and beautiful
young woman was burnt by order of that monstrous
tribunal in Portugal. The tale is short, but mourn
fill. She had (with what motive is not recollect
ed) struck an image of St. Jlnthony. From some
infatuation, she refused to beg* forgiveness for the
offence. She was immediately consigned to one o;
the gloomy cells of the holy inquisition — but, all its
devout admonitions and pious torture proved 1111
availing. She was still obstinate. And, shocking
to relate, she was finally delivered over into the
hands of the executioner.
LEAH MIXE. From a Mny-York paper.— At length
it would appear, a lead mine has been discoveret
on Livingston's manor, which promises to yield its
treasures in such an abundance, as •will richly re
numerate the proprietors for all their labor and ex
pence, and prove a lasting source of supply of this
valuable article. [Fifty tons of rich ore were raised
from a shaft 27 feet deep; on. smelting which, 75
per cent, of lead in one parcel, and 76 per cent, on
another, was obtained; and one grain of silver from
one ounce of lead.]
is, A hog\ KriBeci by a*Mr. "Wcoi-
•-*••• w' - — »*» <r '. ' - i-te. -~, -r,--
vard, of Monmouth county, N. J. weighed when
tilled 723 Ibs. He was 8 feet 8 inches long from
he tip of the nose to the end of the tail; from the
nd of the nose to the root of the t;ii! 7 feet 8 incn-
s; round the body, after being dressed, 6 ft-et 8
nches.
The following is an account of six oxen, fed near
'hiladelphia, and exposed in the market of that
ity in one clay —
height, length, girth, live tct. dead u-t. in !>f.
Ox fed by— ft. in. ft- in. It. in. c. q. Hi. c. q. !!.».'
Mr. Dubbs, 52 81 8 10 19 2 14 It 3 11
Mr. Fuster, 4 10 90 94 22 00 123 20
Mr. Peunel, 55 35 8 :0 11 2 6 12 1 14
Mr. Ck-mens, 54 87 9 10 23 3 20 15 0 7
Mr. Ncwbold, 00 00 00 2" 30 14 07
Mr. New bold, 00 00 00 19 00 13 00
Making in good marketable beef - - 80 2 8
Which is, on an average, 13cwt. 1 qr. 20 Ibs. per
lead, being 201 Ibs. more than the large ox of Ban-
aridge, England, of which we have lately had many
puffing accounts.
Reduction of salaries. — The salary of the governor
of New-Hampshire IIAS been reduced $>200, that of
the chief justice 300, and of the associate justices
of the supreme court 200 each — that of treasurer
200, and of the secretary of. state glOO.
GKV. LKFEVRRE DKSNOUETTKS, an invited guest,
dined with a large and very respectable par-y at
Baltimore, on the last anniversary. Being called
ipon by gen. S. Smith, the presiding ofiicer, he
jave the following toast:
Aux generewx citoyens des Etats Unis — chaque
etranger malheureux trouve ici une famille et des
reres. [To the generous citizens of the United
States — every unfortunate stranger finds here a.
family and brothers.]
CHRONICLE.
^/* For news from South America, and a narja-
tive of the case of Mr^ Meade, at Cadiz, seepages
379-80.
A southern paper informs us, that "a mulatto
man named 'Billy Blue' was lately hung at Balti-
more," who confessed he set fire to a house in Pe-
tersburg, &.c. We notice it simply to say that all
this is ne~i's to the people of Baltimore — no person
has been hung here, that we have heard of, for se-
versil years."
It is stated as an absolute fact that impressment
of American seamen was resorted to to man the
Spanish frigate lately burnt at Huvanna: A respect-
able young man from New-Jersey, not a rerular
sailor, was So impressed, and had great difficulty
to get his release.
"Perpetual motion at rest." Mr. Rcuheffer, .after
appointing a committee of gentlemen 10 see his vnn-
chine put up. &.c. with great parade, could not make
it go. The man must really believe lie has the
principle, or be one of the most impudent impos-
tors we ever heard of.
Virginia is in great bustle for a convention to re-
form the constitution— -its illiberality, as is justly
observed, has doubtless retarded the increase of
the white population of the state.
The younger Minn, now at Philadelphia, it is in-
timated, wifl again fight for the liberties of Span-
iards in the new world — but to put down, instead
of restore, an ungrateful wretch.
Flour tit St. Thomas' is said to be worth but £$5
per bbl. — it is 'worth double that at home.
Lord Rvmoiith's treaty with Tunis provides only
for the restoration of Christians taken in war front
any Ei-rope-in povrer. This h unneiofhborly, "though
884 NILES' \VEEKLY REGISTERS-SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1816.
it is complimentary to the United Stales — who arc-
able and willing to take care of themselves.
The port of Quebec opened. From the New York
• Mercantile Advertiser—Extract of a letter: "The
present scarcity has caused our government to
open our ports for the reception of all kinds of
flour, grairij and provisions from the United States,
for three months in British vessels. The procla-
mation will be out immediately,
dour is from 17 to 18 dollars
The price of fine
sides. The oath must be made before an officer
duly qualified to administer it, and the official cha-
racter and signature of such officer must be certifi-
ed by the clerk of the county, the mayor of the city,
or by such other officer as is required by the laws
and usages of the state where it is made. Every
application will be advertised one montii in the pa-
pers of the state where the applicant resides, be-
fore any decision will be made in the case by the
secretary of the department. Evidence in corrobo-
[A copy of the proclamation of goverrior Sher- ration of that of the party, will be required, where
brooke, dated 17th inst. was received in this city on it is not satisfactorily shewn to be out of his power
f. , 1 1 1 T _ I 1 • .. _ 'A . • •
Saturday. We understand it permits the importa-
tion for the period of six months, of bread, biscuit,
flour, peas, beans, potatoes, wheat, rice, oats, bar-
ley or grain of any sort, with, the flour thereof. —
-tier. Adv.]
Exchange. The exchange of monies between our
to produce it.
In the case of lost discharges, the deposition, in
addition to the time, place and manner of the loss
or destruction of the discharge, must set forth the
time and place of enlistment, tlie company and regiment,
to which the soldier belonged at the time of his discharge
different cities appears to be approaching the much \-the date of the discharge, and rank and name of the
desired equality^ The premium on Boston money, officer who signedit.—it must also state whether the
we believe, is only about 6 per cent in New-York ;
on New- York money, it fell in two days last week,
r'rom 12 to 6 per cent, in Philadelphia — and in Bal-
limore there has been very little .demand for Phila-
delphia money at a small premium. Going thence
south, (having1 passed Washington City,') there is a
rise in the value of money until we reach South Ca-
rol inn and Georgia; whose cottons and other rich
products necessarily give a vast balance of trade
in their favor. The middle states are at present
depressed ; but there is reason to hope, that the
demand for their grain, &,c. may assist to raise
them.
United Stales Army. The 3rd regiment has left
Detroit to establish posts at Green Bay and Chica-
go, on lake Michigan. The 5th reg. is to be em-
ployed in opening a road from Detroit to fort Meigs.
A cAiin. Colonel lioiti, baron, officer of the Le-
gion of Honor, knight of the Iron Crown, first officer
of ordnance of the emperor in the island of Elba,
commander of the Polish cavalry,&.c. impressed with
the deepest sense of heart-felt gratitude, offers this
public acknowledgment, to the highly respectable
William Lee, Esq. consul for the United States, in
Bordeaux; to his humanity, he is indebted for the
preservation of his life, from the bloody fangs of intitled this age to the name of the age of inventio:
the, executioners of Robespierre the 18th. While
the name of Lee will be forever dear to every true
Frenchman, may Heaven reward him for -his noble
and generous exertions, in the cause of oppressed
uul suffering humanity.
ihiltimore, June 14, 1816.
B. ROUJL
War Department.
The act of congress of the 26th of April, 1816,
having provided that where any Military Land War-
rants shall be lost or destroyed, upon due proof
thereof to the satisfaction of the secretary of -war, a'
patent shall issue in the same manner as if the war-
rant was produced; and when the same proof shall
be producec), that any soldier of the regular ;irmy
has lost his discharge "and certificate of faithful ser-
vice, the secretary of war shall cause papers to be
furnished such soldier as will entitle him to his
land warrant and patent. To enable all persons
comprehended by the provisions of the suid act, to
avail themselves of the relief intended to be granted,
the secretary for the department of war has directed,
that in case of military land warrants, which have
been lost or destroyed, the party shall, upon oath in
writing, state the time, place and manner of such
loss or destruction, the claH> and number of the war-
rant, and the company and regiment to which the
soldier belonged at the time of his discharge; and
also the state county ;uul township in which he re-
discharge contained the certificate of fajthful ser-
vice, required by law, or the words "honorably dis-
charged," or words of that import. The deposition
of a disinterested witness, as to the service and dis-
charge of the applicant, is required in corroboratioi4
of his own testimony. Where this is not produced,
the reason of its non-production must be satisfactori-
ly stated. The testimony must be authenticated i:i
the manner prescribed in the case of lost warrants.
Where the precise dates or numbers cannot be
stated, they may be stated to the best of the.
recollection of the witnesses, whose credibility the
magistrate, who takes the evidence, must certify ht
the usual form.
July 29th, 1816.
The secret service money, as officially stated, user:
in Ireland for the last year in detecting treasonable
conspiracies, forms an item of 12,900/. — about 60,00$
dollars.
POWER LOOM. — We are informed that Mr. E. Sa~
vagey of this town, has invented and put into opera-
tion, a LOOM, to be worked by steam, or water;
which it is expected will be of as much utility as
many of tlYe numerous inventions which have almost
The construction of the loom is simple and an-
swers to weave woollen cloth three yards wide, and
the largest cotton sheets without a seam; — nnt
shirting, &.c. We have seen a specimen of the clotii.
made in this loom, the price of which we are toki
is v<-ry moderate. [Hasten paper.
Montreal, June 8. — On Thursday evening last, a
eight o'clock, the steum boat Car of 'Commerce-,
dropped her anchor opposite the old market; hav
ing on board upwards of 350 tons of goods, and ft
great number of passengers from Quebec, &.c.
This very beautiful vessel has landed (including
her voyage last week,) nearly 700 Ions of goods,
some of which, we are credibly informed, have
arrived at Niagara. This mode of conveying goods
up the St. Liiv/rence will very soon change the sys>-
tern qf our inland navigation.
STHAWIIEUHIES. — A strawberry was lately pluck-
ed at Wilmington, Del. which measured 3| inches-
in circumference and weighed 161 grains — but ano-
ther of the same size, pulled at Lancaster, Pa.
weighed 10 pennyweights. In another garden, at
the latter place, several were produced 4 inches in
circumference— ^weights not stated.
HUNT — At a squirrel hunt, two miles
of Milleilgeville, (Geo.) a fe\v days past, 563
squirrels wirre killed.
WEEKLY REGISTER.
N
BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, 1816.
[WKOLK yo. 258.
,:n meniinisse juviiliit. — VIKOIL.
irNTF.T) A\D rVHMSHKI> I» ¥ II. NILKS, AT THK HI-. AT) OF CHEAPSJUK, AT g5 PER ASNTJM.
Climate of the United States.
It Is -.veil known that the climate of the southen
•.iiid central parts of Europe lias not, for some cen-
turies, been the same that it if as in the days of the
old Rom ;.:is. Indeed there is some reason to be
•lie \vhoL- of it has changed, and that the
parts of Af/ica adj.--cent to it have clrmged also. No*
only did snow fail in 1'aly, abund :ntly, in its season,
where none Palis now, but even the delightful region
of Crimea was described as having a climate like
that of Siberia at the present day The warmest
provinces of France were thought too cold for com-
b'le living, and Carthage was then the garden
T these changes from cold to
n m, v *~e n^r.n uu-nt, it is impossible to say —
it is nv(-n" >nable. It seems that some
bec'-i colder for the last fifty years than
they ::id been previously.
• ird t-; oil'- o'.vn country it has been ob-
scrv ; '1 by ti'C mos- c u-eiess observer, that since
iCHSons have been very unlike wliat they
h;id !;>rn!ci-!y been.* We do nor pretend even to
coujeciure "is io ihe duration of the causes that
pro<''.>ce mis weather; our present business is to
em.j i-.Ii-e wii.i- c'i aiy^e h;»<< V ken place, what are its
pve , n-ill be the probable conse
.s co.v.i-tu.mce. Thi* summer has hitherU
been extrciivly cold, wiiii the exception of a ven
few days that were extremely warm. The air has
been overcharged with vapors for the principal part
of the time, while the want of rain has been felt
almost every where, but particularly in tlie central
parts of Pennsylvania and through the great range
pf Appalachian mountains. This is evidently owing
to the chiiln-^ss which has retarded nature's great
process of evaporation, and depressed the range of
the clouds.
As to cold, I should imagine that snows in June
and frosts in July might well be matter of remark.
At Quebec, in the beginning of June, the papers
had just time to announce die appearance of sum
mer weather, and inform us that on account of the
backwardness of vegetation, their latt frosts had
*State of the thermometer at Wilmington, Del.
for tlie month of July, 1815, and 1816—
July, 1815, mean temperature, at 6, A. M. 73 3-10
1816,
62 1-10
At Waltham, Mass, ten miles from Boston — the
.mean heat for July, 1815, was 75° nearly, for July,
1816, 6l-i°. Greatest heat, 1815, on the 25th, 99°:
do. 1816, 20th, 91°. Least heat, 1815, 5th day 51°:
do. 1816, 9th day 44°.
Tlie gentlemen who gives the preceding facts
observes — =that the month of July last season was as
remarkable for its continued heat, as the past has
been for its general coolness.
At Watihaiiti on the 23rd, 24th, 25th and 26th of
;ast month, the thermometer shewed a mean heat
of 66, 68, 71 and 65 degrees, for the respective days.
At Charleston, $. C. for the- same days, it varied
from 88 to 90 — but on the 26th, in six different si-
tuations, stood at 92, 93, 94 and 96. Two persons
fell down and died in the street from excessive
hr>at, and several others wore slurhtly affected.
VOL. X, A
done little damage; when a snow began on the 5th
of that month, which continued to fall, at intervals,
for three days, and left the ground covered to the
depth of a foot and upwards in some places. Great
numbers of birds fled from the forests to the houses,
and in Quebec many were found dead in the streets*
Some kinds of trees shed their leaves which were
then only about half grown. The crops were pro-
tected by the snow from the very severe frosts that
followed, and the orchard trees were little affected
as their buds had hardly been opened; but the wild
fruit trees which were in blossom, as well as seve-
ral kinds of garden plants, suffered severely. The
Canadians remark that the last summer was very
backward, but that the present is the coldest that
they have ever seen.
In the district of Maine a very heavy storm of
rain and snow came from N. N. W. at the sums
ime (6th of June) and was succeeded by frosts
every night until the llth. It is supposed that tlie
snow would have been about six inches deep had
't not been melted by the rain that fell at the same
ime. The corn which hud been planted was totally
lestroyed. The swallows and martin birds were
bund frozen on their nests, and even of the sheep
that had been shorn, many perished, though they
Were put in houses. The cucumbers, melons and
most of the garden plants were lost. In some places
the ice was half an inch thick; and it was observed
generally, that the oldest inhabitants had never
seen so cold and backward a spring.
In Vermont the snow of the 6th melted as it fell,
but on the 7ih and 8th it fell in such quantities thai
some of the papers say it lay eighteen inches deep
in some parts of the country, yet by the 9th it ap-
pears to have been all gone except on the moun-
tains. In Massachusetts the snow begjin on the 8th;
and the Boston papers remark, that from tlie 1st of
Tune until the 12th, there had been eight nights of*
frost. On the 5th the thermometer stood 82 at
Boston and 92 at Salem; and on the 7th it had sunk
at Boston to 52, and at Salem to 43. At the lat-
ter place it was 93 on the 22d (June), 101 on the
23d, 100 on the 24th and 67 on the 25th. Such,
changes have probably never before been witnessed.
It does not appeal- that any snow fell near the city
of New-York during the period I have mentioned;
but frost was noticed in many places, and in the.
western end of the state, a snow fell to the depth
)f several inches. I cannot discover that it extended
\irther southward than to the neighborhood of
Pittsburg, and there appears to have been very lit-
;le in Pennsylvania east of the mountains. What
seems rather strange, a letter from Erie dated the
14th of June, makes no mention of snow there, but
says "the season has been dry and frosty for weeks
:ogether. It appears as if we should have no crops
n these parts — the corn has been all killed by the
Tost of the 9th, and until very lately lake Erie was
lot navigable for the ice."
We have seen no mention made of the cold any
'urther south than in North-Carolina, for in the
southern states the general complaint has been the
want of rain, which, though it has been cause of
tlarm all over the United States, appears to have
been felt most severely in South-Carolina, Georgia
386 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTEJt-SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, 1816.
and Louisiana. This state (Maryland) while it lias I is little experience to found tlie hypothesis upon
been little affected by the cold, has, we believe, To our minds it is very unsatisfactory; but it is fool-
sustairied hut little damage from the drought. The! i-,h to he positive ahout any opinion 'in a question of
copious rains that tell in most places towards the 'this kind. We think the alteration took place be-
we the spots were observed, and that possibly it
was produced by the late earthquakes ; for it is per-
cnd of June and in the beginning1 of July, have
given .rrej'.t re!*u-f, particularly in the eastern states.
Considerable quantities of hail fell in several parts
of Pennsylvania on the 2d and 4th of July. At West
Chos'.Tr U is reported to have rained some kind of
rncteovic siorcs, which were judged to be quartz
a • 1 fold nf>ar. The hail was as large as common
hens' eggs in many places, and near Pittsburg it
fell in such quantities that it was carried into the
city, a distance of three and even four miles, for the
purpose of making punch..
There is an account of a severe hail stoi-m at
liichmond on the 27th of July, accompanied with
which, it is feared, has done much damage
to their tobacco ami corn.
The consequences of tlie unusual weather we have
experienced have been very various in different
places, but in general they have been injurious.
In Louisiana, appearances were very alarming dur-
ir.g the: early part of July, hut the" crops are stat-
ed to be as" good as usual in the rest of the sou-
thern states.— — In this state the grain is tolerabl,
good and fruit plentiful. In Pennsylvania, among
the mountains, they will have very little grain anc
very little fruit. In the western part the wheat is
generally not good, but in Washington county, on
some farms, it is much better than usual. Corn ap-
very unfavorably, and fruit very deficient,
especially towards the lakes. In the eastern part
of that s^ate we understand that the crops are thin.
In all the eastern slates the crops of wheat and
rye are reported to be as good as usual : potatoes
generally look well, but there is little hay, and their
corn looks unpromising. We believe there is little
fruit to the northward of Pennsylvania.
With regard to the effects upon the human sys-
tem that have resulted from the changes we have
r, viced, it is to be observed that the low nervous
'. t-r (Typhus muior, or febris inerritativa) a dis-
c :v utrdly known in former years, has now became
•j.on amongst us; and not only so, but almost
every disease is now liable to assume a typhus cast
— a depression of pulse and prostration of power often
taking place in c.ises that had never heretofore been
thought liable to such symptoms. \V'e cannot con-
ceive a more complete proof of the change of cli-
mate than the fact that the physicians of the United
Slates have been compelled to adopt a new prac-
tice. Tlie typhus fever first made its appearance
in the Ntw England states, in the course of a lonj;
period of unusually cold damp weather. It extend-
ed itself gradually westward along the northern
parts of New-York, and it seems at last to have
pervaded the whole continent.
All seem disposed to hope that the seasons will
return again such as they were in former years, but
if they do not, it may be a matter of no consequence.
Vegetables receive new constitutions when trans-
planted to an uncongenial soil or climate, so will
the habitude of our bodies be doubtlessly changed
to suit the changes of tlie seasons. The first effects
of this natural revolution have already begun to dis-
appear, and in a short time we shall have little to
fear except from the effects of a counter-revolu-
tion, that will require our systems to relapse to
their former tone.
Some have endeavored to account for the uncom-
mon weather by assigning- the spots of tlie sun as
the cause. This does not seem to be susceptible of
much argument pro. cv con, and \ye believe there
'ectly understood in South America that those na-
tural convulsions always produce effects on the
weather: salutary ones in that climate whatever
they might be here. With the following extract on
that subject we shall conclude.
THE ALTKRATIO.V OF THE SEASONS.
\_By Lord Dreghorn, a Scotch Judge."]
It is long since many, of whom I was one, have
maintained, that the seasons are altered — that it is
not so hot now in summer as when we were boys.
Others laugh at this, and say that the supposed al-
teration proceeds from an alteration in ourselves —
from our having- become older and consequently
colder. In 1783, or 1784, in the course of a con-
versation I had with my brewer, who is very intelli-
gent and eminent in his way, he maintained that an
alteration had taken place. This observation he
made from a variety of circumstances— -the diminu-
tion of swallows, the coldness that attends rain,
the alteration in the hours of labor at the time of
sowing barley, which a great many years ago was
a work performed very early in the morning, on ac-
count of the intenseness of the heat after the sua
had been up for ^ome time. He added, that, tin-
many years past, tlie barley did not malt as former-
ly, and the period he fixed upon was the year in
which the earthquake at Lisbon happened.
I was much surprised at this last observation, and
did not pay much attention to it till last summer,
when I happened to read "Les Annales Politiques,"
of Linguet, a very scarce book, which I was sure
my brewer had never read — for there, to my asto-
nishment, I found the very same opinion, with this
additional fact, that in Champagne (where he was
born) they have not been able, since that earth-
quake, to make the same wine. He says too, that
he has seen the title deeds of several estates in
Picardy which proved, that, at that time, they had
a number of excellent vine-yards, but that now no
such crop can be reared there. He also attempts
to account philosophically for that earthquake hay-
ing such effects.
•••
On the healthiness of Louisiana.
Having given in a late number of the Register*
an account of the state of Louisiana, drawn from
Mr. Darby's work, it has appeared to us necessary
to follow that article with some observations 011
the climate and salubrity of the country. A strong
well known prejudice exists against it which we
believe to be unfounded — excessive as regards the
worst part, and totally erroneous as to the greatest
part of that territory. The causes of this preju-
dice appear to us to be, first, the intemperance, ge-
neral imprudence, and ignorance of the means of
preserving health, that have operated so fatally on
many of those that have gone there. We are con-
vinced that those who would avoid the use of poi-
sons, which spirituous liquors are, every where,
but particularly in tropical regions, and counteract
by diet the tendency to disease, naturally superin-
duced by removing from a cold climate to a warm,
or from a warm one to a cold, would find little rea-
son to blame the climate of Louisiana, except asre-^
gards the places in the immediate neighborhood of
stagnant waters. I3ut the principal cause of this
mistaken notion of danger, seems to be, that the
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTERr-lMPORTANT LAW CASE.
387
course of emigration has been still southward — had
it been the reverse, the prejudice would unques-
tionably have been reversed; for it is absurd to sup-
pose that the constitution will sustain no shock in
a removal to a situation extremely different from
the one in which it has been reared, unless some
preparation be made against the change.
"A notion has prevailed in the face of truth," says
Mr. Darby, "that the banks of the Missisippi abound
with a great number of lakes whose waters stag-
nate throughout the year; the fact is, that those
places, condemned to annual submersion, are a
great part of the year extremely deficient in water.
North of ried river, the wide space between the
Ouachitta and Mississippi is either a cane brake
along the water courses, or a hard, dry surface,
when the flood has subsided."
It does not appear that pure stagnant water can
occasion diseases; but vegetables becoming putrid
in water, or elsewhere, certainly do. Seamen ap-
prehend no danger from the water that rots in hogs-
heads or in the holds of ships, and I believe there
is no reason to apprehend any; but all ponds and
marshes that contain grass and weeds, should be
regarded as the reservoirs of death. And here it
may be observed, that the musquito, an insect which
breeds only in such places, and is never very trou-
blesome any where else, appears, as Mr. D.irby says,
to be "placed as a centiael at the portals of disease."
Such dangerous situations are to be found in ma-
ny parts of Louisiana, particularly along the eastern
side of the Mississippi, near the chains of small
lakes under the bluffs; and there intermittent fe-
vers prevail: but Ohio, North Carolina and other
states, present more extensive tracts, more sickly,
and some such places are to be found over the
whole continent. The marshy country along the
gulf of Mexico, does not appear to be sickly, which
can only be accounted for by the absence of vegeta-
ble substances in the stagnant waters there.
There is reason to believe that the evil effects of
putrid effluvia do not extend to uny considerable
distance from the places that produce them, and
that the winds do not convey, but dissipate all nox-
ious vapors. If Louisiana be more subject to cer-
tain diseases than the northern and middle states
are; so also it is exempt from some — from some of
the chronic and many of the acute.
Important Law Case.
COMMUNICATED FOR THE ROSTOV I-ATHTOT.
UNITICI) STATES vs. WILLIAM BAlNBitlDGE
Circuit Court, JMass. JHst. — June 22, 1816.
Habeas corpus to commodore Bainbridge, to
bring- up the body of Robert Tread vvoll, an infant of
the age of twenty years and about eleven months.
By the return of the habeas corpus, and the other
proceedings, it appeared, that he was born at Ips-
wich, on the second day of August, A. 1) 1795;
that in the month of May, 1815, he enlisted into
the navy of the United States, to serve two years;
that soon after his enlistment he deserted from the
service, and having been apprehended, was, on the
19th day of June last past, brought to trial on the
charge of desertion, before a regular court martial,
and having pleaded guilty to the charge, was, by
tiie sentence of the court, among other things, or-
dered to serve in the navy of the United Stale:-:, the
term of tv/o years from the said nineteenth day of
June, and to forfeit all the wages then due to iiim.
He has a father who is still living; and now absent
at sea; and previous to his departure sued out a
habeas corpus for the' liberation of his son, hut. it
f df.'i r n v.i return of the officer to whpro it was
directed, that the infant was not in his custody. It
was alleged in the affidavits and petition that the
enlistment was without the consent of his father.
The cause was argued by Simmons in behalf of
the petitioner, and Aylitin in behalf of commodore
Bainbridge. STOHY, judge. The first question is,
whether the contract of enlistment, supposing i' to
have been made 'without the consent of the fither,
is valid, or not. By the common Liw, the father has
a right to the custody of his children durin;'- their
infancy. In whatever principle this right is founded,
whether it result from the very nr»t;ire of parental
duties, or from that authority which devolve;* upon
him by reason of the guardianship, by nature or
nurture, technically speaking, its existence cannot
now be brought into contiwcrsy. (Exp..Tte Hop-
kins 3 P. W. 151. Co. Litt.«88, and '.' I ^- grave's
Notes. Rex vs. l)e Manneville, 5 East 222. Be
Manneville v. t)e Manneville 10 Vez jr. 52 1 Bl.
Comm. 452, 461.) This right, however, is not un-
limite,d, for whenever it is abused by improper con-
duct on the part of the parent, courts of law will
restrain him in its exercise, and even take the cus-
tody permanently from him. (Archer's case, 1 Ld.
Raym. 673. Rex v, Smith 2 Str. 982. Ilex v. Dela-
val 3 Burr. 1434. Commonwealth v. Addicks 5.
Biim. R. 520.) By the common law, also, a father
is entitled to the benefit of his children's labor,
while they live with him and are .maintained by him;
but this, (as has been justly observed) is no more
than he is entitled to from his servants. (1 BL
Comm. 453.) It has also been asserted, that, by the
same law, a father may bind his children as appren-
tices without their consent, and thereby conveying
the permanent custody of their persons, as well as
benefit of their labor, to their masters, during their
minority. (Com. Dig. "Justices of the Peace,"'B. 55.)
But notwithstanding the aid of very respectable
authorities, (I)a\ v. Everett, 7 Mass. R. 145. Matter
of McDowles, 8. Johns. 11. 3:28) it may well he
doubted if this docirine can be supported to the
extent in which it is laid down. The custody of
minors is given to their parents for their mainte-
nance, protection and education, and if a parent
overlooking all these objects, should, to answer his
own mercenary view, or gratify his own unworthy
passions, bind his child as an apprentice upon terms
evidently injurious to his in'.erests, or to a trade
or occupation which should degrade him from the
rank and character to which his condition and cir-
cumstances might entitle him, it would be ex-
tremely difficult to support the legality of such a
contract. (See Rex. vs. Kepple, 2 Da 11. 197. The
King vs. Inhabitants of Crotnford, 8 East. R. 25.)
And it would be a strong proposition to maintain,
that a father might in a time of war upon the mere
footing of the common law, enlist his son as a com-
mon soldier in the army, or as a common seaman in
the navy, without his consent, and compel him to
serve during the whole period of his minority, with-
out a right to receive to his own use, any of the
earnings of his laborious and perilous course of life.
In such a contract there would not be even a sem-
blance of benefit to the minor. It is not, however,
necessary to decide these points; and they are com-
mented on merely in answer to some suggestions at
the bar. Be the rights of parents, in relation to the
custody and the services of' their children, vvhatevefr
they may, they are rights depending upon the mere
municipal rules of the state, and may be enlarged,
restrained and limited as the wisdom or policy of
'.lie times may dictate, unless the legislative power
be controlled by some constitutional prohibition*
3SS NILES-' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, AUGUST 10,
The constitution of the United States has dele-
gated to congress the power "to raise and support
armies" and to "provide and support a navy" and
independent of the express clause in the constitu-
tion, tills must include the power "to make all latvs
M'hich shall be necessary and proper for currying into
"jf'ect the foregoing poiuer" It is certain that the
services of minors may be extremely useful and im-
portant to the country, both in the army and navy.
Ho'.v many of our own brilliant victories have been
won by persons on-land and1 at sea, who ha'd scarcely
passed the age of manhood? In the navy, in parti-
cular, the employment of minors is almost indispen-
sable. Nautical skill cannot be acquired but by con-
stant discipline and practice for years in the sea
service; and unless this he attained in the ardor and
flexibility of youth, it is rarely at a later period the
distinguishing characteristic of a seaman. It is no
torions that the officers of the navy generally enter
the service as midshipmen as early as the age of
puberty; and that they can never receive promotion
to a higher rank, until they have learned by a long-
continuance in this station, the duties and *he la-
bors of naval warfare — and to this early discipline
and experience, MS much as to their gallantry and
enterprise, we may proudly attribute their superi-
ority in the contests on the ocean during the late
Avar. It cannot therefore' be doubted, that the power
to enlist minors into the naval service is included
within the power delegated to congr.ess by the
constitution; and that the exercise of the power is
justified by the soundest principles of national po-
licy. And, if this exercise should sometimes touch
upon supposed private rights, or private conve-
nience, it is to be enumerated among the sacrifices
which the very order of society exacts from its mem-
bers in furtherance of the public welfare.
The position asserted at the bar, denying con-
gress the power of enlisting1 minors without the
consent of their parents, is not a little extraordinary
It. assumes as its basis, that a granted power cannot
be exercised in derogation of the principles of the
common law — a construction of the constitutor
which would materially impair its vital powers, and
overthrow the besl settled rules of interpretation
€an there be a doubt that the state legislature car
by a new statute declare a minor to be of full age
and capable of acting for himself at fourteen in
-;tead of twenty -one years of age? Can it not eman
cipale the child altogether from the control of its
parents? Jt has already, in the case of paupers
r.aken the custody from the parents, and enabled the
overseers of the poor to bind out the children at
apprentices or servants during their minority, with
out consulting the wishes of the parents, (act 26tl
.Feb. 1794, s/4.) It lias, without the consent of the
parents, obliged minors to be enrolled in the mi
iitia and to perform military duties, and althougl
these duties are in time of peace but a slight inter
ference with the supposed rights- of parents, ye
they may in time of war expose the minors to the
"o-i.stant perils and labors of regular soldiers; anc
altogether deprive their parents of any control ove
their persons or services. In time of war too, th
state may ior its defence establish and maintain ai
army and navy; and it would be a strange and start
ling doctrine, that the whole youth of the stat
might, unless the consent of their parents could b
previously obtained, be withheld froia the publi
servi'ce, whatever might be the pressure of the pub
iic dangeis or necessities. And if the state legish
ture could in their discretion abrogate or limit th
paternal authority, it might be for precisely th
:s;ime reason's that the national legislature could dc
t, in that it was necessary or proper to carry into
ffect some other granted" powers. It has been verj
ustly observed in a work of the very best authority
The Federalist, No. 44,) that no maxim is more
;learly established in law or in reason, than tha'
whenever the end is required, the means are autho
ised; whenever a general power to do a thing ii
[•iven, every particular power necessary for doinj
t is included. And I feel no scruple in affirming
hat congress, having authority to provide an<
maintain a navy, may constitutionally authorise th
enlistment into the naval service of any minors, ir
dependent of the private consent of their parent?
and the statutes passed for this purpose will b
emphatically the supreme law of the land. Nor i
he exercise of this power novel in the institution
>f that country from which we have borrowed mos
>f the principles which regulate our civil and polit
cal rights. It has even been pushed to an exteri
which is not only odious, but has become in a grea
degree subversive of the personal liberty of a larg
class of meritorious subjects. Minors may not onl
be enlisted into the British navy, without the con
ient of their parents, but may be forcibly impresse
nto it, against the joint consent of their parents an
themselves. And even apprentices regularly boun
by contract are not, except in special cases and fc
a limited time, prescribed by statute, exempte
"rom the like impressment. (The King v Revnoldi
6 T. 11. 497. The King v Edwards, 7 t. R. 745. E
parte, Softly, 1 East. R. 466. Ex parte Brocke,
3ast. K. 2SB. Stat. 13 Geo. 2, ch. 13.)
Much has been stated in the argument in r«
erence to what contracts of infants are void, an
what are voidable at the common law. There is i
:he books considerable confusion on this subjec'
vhich has not been entirely removed by the learn e
liscussions in Zouch vs. Parsons (3 Burr. 1794.
L'he distinctions laid down in another case by lor
Chief Justice Eyre, seem founded in solid reasoi
iz. that when the court can pronounce that th
contract is for the benefit of the infant, as fc
nstance for necessaries, then it shall bind hin
where it can pronounce it to their prejudice, it
void; and that when it is of an uncertain nature, £
. benefit or prejudice, it is voidable only and it is i
he election of the infant to affirm it or not. Keane
Boycott, 2 H. Bl 511. It is a material considers
tion also, that the validity of the infant's act c
contract is, in point of law independent of the rigl
of custody in his parent, although this may be a
"ngredient in ascertaining in point of fact, wheth<
the act or contract be for his benefit or not. ]
short the disabilities of an infant are intended b
law for his own protection, and not for the protei
tion of the rights of third persons, and his acts ma
therefore, in many cases, be binding upon hiii
although the persons under whose guardianshi;
natural or positive he then is, do not assent to ther
The privilege too of avoiding his acts or contrac
when they are voidable, is a privilege personal 1
the infant, and which no one can exercise for hir
Keane vs. Boycott, 2 H. Bl. 511. And whenever ar
disability created by the common law, is remove
by the enactment of a statute, the competency <
the infant to do all acts within the purview of sue
statute is as complete, as that of a person of fu
age. And whenever a statute has authorised
contract for the public service, which from i
nature or objects is manifestly intended to be pe
formed by infants, such a contract must, in poii
of law, bo deemed to be for their benefit and f<
tlit public- LKMH lit, s" th:vt when buna fide made, it
neither void r.j-r voidable, but is strictly obligato:
Lw. Pi-om these more general
was for a J shaU he
154) 'And at *«&** ™™^£t of minor,
service were such, that Hie e"u refl.niar army
over eighteen years .°^l^^e ^.ov\;" Of the .-,ct
in
-^ZSZ »»' * ^^JS^^s^^S^^^^
)r voidable, tnax < . change its
^-j^^^i^^^
. i • —
.n taken upon the geneil
' of the contract of u^is
en^oie - - ^ WhCn "IS SCl Y^ ^ qUeSU°n " ~ "" — ^
important to the pu
»n :_,i^o^ -the act
T the validity ot tue c - — c
^e»"r?S^^f"fSi
Sfe^c»^S^
;V Sith Febmavy l^canj . ^^ ^ ^ -» ^i.ve thofflf
:"S^£Si3=«?l£?=3S'S
;tatute of "-ffgS^ySa *e exercise
<cb. 64.)«^r;^S and the «-»>•*
as been esta- ot re of the fa;hel Bee« f a f
NILKS'1 WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, 181G.
390
should voluntarily send his minor children away
from home, to obtain a maintenance and suppoit
any manner that they could, this woald be an
implied consent to any contract for that purpose
into which they should enter, and a wawer of his
parental rights. It is upon this ground that
ordinary retainer of servants, who are minors a e
.eld valid, against the subsequent acts of the
ather. In stnctness of law, the contract of he
because
held
father. ».. — ...
minor in such cases becomes obligatory
being exiled from his father's house, wnalevei
contract
Liltu. n wi*« j
he forms, is in an enlarged sens
sary
for his support, maintenance or education.
1
the minor,
am of opinion that Robert Treadwell
ought to be remanded to the custody of his c<
the opinion of the district judge, that
opnon
the consent of the parent or guardian where there
is one, is necessary, either expressed or implied
to authorise the engagement of a minor in th
service, but he concurred in the order to remand
the said Robert to the custody of his commanding
officer, on the special circumstances of t
. Porter & the British Reviewers
C<
A few words will suffice to explain the origin
the following letters. In a late number of the
British Quarterly Review, there appeared a base!}
abusive attack on the character of com. PORTE u.
the accomplished hero of the Essex. This article
we did not notice; nor did we copy the comments
that had been made on it, because it appeared to us
unxvorthy even of castigation. Mr. Cobbett the
celebrated British writer, has through the medium
of his Register, addressed the commodore on this
, subject, in an article which we have taken the
liberty to insert below, as being the ground wor"
I of the letter in reply to it. We ;>re pleased at the
1 opportunity of sp reading capfciin Porter's letter be
ore the public eye. — J\\it. lut.
[From Cobbftt's Hegist. r of April 12.]
commodore David Porter of the United Slates* navy
BOTMST, 2rth April, 1816.
SIR— In tlie last Quarterly Review but one, there
ras a very base attack upon your character am
ionduct In order to convince you, that you ouglii
to suppose that all my countrymen approVec
if such vile publications, I inserted in No. 11 o
Kis volume, a letter to the author or editor of tha
lork, whoLe name is U'iliiam Giff&rd. I there gave
(jjl account of this literary hero; but in my statement
• what he received but of our taxes, I was, I find,
, .Unity of an omissi0n,which 1 now proceed to correct
I'l-aid that he has been rewarded with a sinecure o
bj -ire than 3001. under the title of Clerk oftheForei^i
j cheats, and that he was a commissioner of the Lottery
l|.t I now find 'that he has another place; that is
: place of "Paymaster of the Hand of gentlemei
yttnsioners" at 3001. a year. A most suitable office,
jHi will say for the whipper-in of a set of hirec
^ viewers ! What particular Hand of pensioners
$ y may be I do not know. Perhaps the whole Ham,
*' / be Reviewers, if so, sir, I leave you to guess
I jit chance the journal of your celebrated cruize
|« nd in their hands.
, gave an account in No. 11 of the conduct oj
v writer in the cases of Peter Pindar and Anthony
ii^ juin, and also of tlie conduct and character of the
s;e Kenyon. I;i short, I shewed what the baseness
•leviewing really was, in England But sir,
t again beg of you and your countrymen and all
s'ncrs, to keep your eye steadily fixed upon
tact, that writers like Mr. Gilford, are in this
ountry, absolutely in pay of the government, thai
s to say, they live upon the taxes, and of course
ssist in producing pauperism and misery. Tins is
iot the case in your country. There a writer it
ie get rich, or if he live by the pen, must receive
lis income from the people, who voluntarily buy
lis works. Here he need care little about 1
-eaders— his payers are the only persons that he
need care for, or that he does care for. This writer
must have known very well how base it was in him
to assault your character, in the manner that 1
did- what a shameful prostitution of talent he was
guilty of; but his mind had for many years b<
made up to that and had been seared against all :
flections of this sort.
You will naturally ask, how we can tolerate, he
we can endure, how we can submit to see our moi
raised from us in taxes, and earned with our sweat
and almost with our very blood; you will naturally
ask how we can submit to see our money given to a
man like this, while we see nearly two miUions^ot
paupers overspread ^^fag'Vend^ereVany gort Qf
^y.e^lc\?to the country; if he had served, at any time
of his life in the army, the navy, or in any other
branch of public business, there, might be some
excuse for the heaping of these sums of money on
him; but, to give this man, who was a few years
ago tutor to lord Belgrave, and who has never been
in any kind of public employ, an income to equal
that of 5 or 6 lieutenants of the navy, is, you will say,
an act for which the employers of this man ought
to be hanged, it being neither more nor less than a.
robbery of the people.
However sir, I think I can now defy Mr. Gift'ord's
talent at falsehood and deception as far as relates
to America; and if he continue to deceive the peo-
ple here, those people are not to be pitied. He is
one of those, whose labors, though they tend to
keep up the delusion for a while, will in the end,
make the fall of the tyranny more complete and
more memorable.
I have the pleasure to assure you, that every
one, whom I have heard speak on the subject, has
reprobated the cowardly and viperous attack made
on you by this sinecure assailant; but strange as
you will think it, very few persons here know that
his statement which represents the Essex to hav&
been captured by one English ship is a falsehood !
There is hardly any one in England, out of the pale
of the admiralty, who does not firmily believe that
you were beaten and captured by the Phoebe alone !
But if you could know the state of our press, you
would not wonder at this. As to all matters, relating
to the war with America, this nation generally speak-
ing, are nearly as ignorant as are the dogs and
horses. As far however as the truth has mudc its
way with regard to its exploits, they have received
the admiration which is due to them; and there
are many men in England, amongst whom I, am one,
who most sincerely wish you health, happiness and
success in your present important employment of
adding to the strength of that navy, towards the
fame of which you have so largely contributed.
We, who entertain these wishes, are very fur from
desiring to see the power and fame of our oun
country diminished. We are for the prosperity
and honor of England in preference to those of
all the rest of the world. But, we by no mean.'-;
believe, that the overturninaj»of your system of
"•or eminent, that the extin
the example
nguishing of the exa
et by you, would tend to the prosperity ami honor
A' England, it being impossible for us to have an
idea of national prosperity and h.onor, not uccam*
NILES' WEEKLY REjBlStfelU-COMMODOllE PORTER,
panied with real liberty. In short, we are not beasts
enough to believe, that otir prosperity, or our honor,
our enabling a gang of ty-
would be advanced by
rants, who at* continually robbing1 and insulting u's,
to subjugate you; and, therefore, ih every undertak-
ing1, wliich does not tend to the abridgment of the
known rights of our country, and which do tend to
give to freedom power to" struggle against, and
finally to overcome despotism, we most cordially
wish you success. I am, sir, your most obedient
servant. WM COBBETT.
P. S. Tliis very minute I have received a letter
from a gentleman in Sussex, whom I never had the
pleasure to see in my life, informing- me that ac-
cident has put into his hands, and that he has for-
warded to me, a part of the gilded ropes, made use
of hi the vessels engaged in the ever memorable
fight on the Serpentine river, which ropes I will, as
soon as possible, most assuredly send to you Per-
haps you may have forgotten the piece of naval
history here referred to.' In 1814, when the kings,
our allies were in England, there was a sea fight in
minature contrived in order to give them an idea
of our prowess. The scene was a large pond in one
of the parks near London. Here vessels were
erected, guns put on board of them and every thing
flse done that was calculated to give the thing an air
of reality. The English Fleet imd the American Fleet
eameto action in fine style; the contest was uncom-
monly obstinante, but at last, poor Jonathan was
compelled to haul down his "bits of striped bunting"
and "submit to our gallant and magnanimous tars."
At this result of the combat, not less than perhaps
two hundred thousand voices made the air ring with
shouts of triumph; while at very nearly the same
moment, a whole squadron of real English ships were
hauling down their colors to an inferior American
squadron, commanded by commodore Al'Donough,
on lake Champlain ! We who really love our coun-
try, do not think her honored in victories, like that
of the Serpentine river; no- , hough we are always
sorry to hear of any of our countrymen being cle-
and to you, sir, I gi\v .
a" ti
and only Kngliihmun, who h ,s ever, tr> riy
ledge, expressed his d.
of persecntion which has bi-en pr .•<••', isH .v^diist IT\P,
from the commencement of hostilities t.-j
moment.
You, .sir, have .seen your prials teeming with
abuse against me; you, sir, have been m_v onlv :idvo-
cate in England. I have silently b ,vno t!ie ins-it-
have been heaped on me, although Ih;uv seen mi -
self hung- in effigy beside our ven-rubi*- a:vi '
respected chief magistrate; every euithet tlr-/
disgrace and add infamy to the character of a man,
has been most bountifully lavished on me; I
been cowardly deceived, and basely attacked,
confiding- in the neutrality of a porr, and !;; tl'e word
of a British officer, and while he
i'-
gratitude and friendship. I have been cn-.e'
rested in my progress to my count rv, u;
ing in tlie sacred character of a flag ofti'nrs-, wv.i-
tonly insulted in my own feelings, ar.d witnessed
the insults to which my brave officers and men were
subjected, whose wounds and sufferings became a
mockery to a cruel and overbearing enemy. I, sir,
only escaped the future persecutions :tnd iii/iu'^,
that were intended me, by flight, at the risk of my
life, in an open boat. I have been, since, vilely tra-
duced by every petty whelp in the naval service of
your king'; I have been declared, bv your adn.K.ds
and your captains, as being beyond the pale of ho-
nor — threats have officially been held firth toward
me, and scarcely an Englishman, except tho.se \\ho
have been in my power, but has caught the conta-
gion. My prisoners have had a different opinion of
my conduct and character, until forced to join in
the general current of defamation. Such conduct,
on the part of your people, produced feelings of re-
sentment in my breast, and under such cu'camstun-
ces it should not have occasioned surprise, that I
have, in some instances, expressed them. I V.avc
who b. .t
elf '<:
told only truths, of which let those judge v.-'
know British officers. I have confined inv
feated, when we consider them merely as our conn- the events of mv cruise. I have related noi
try men, can we lament at their overthrow and thos
humiliation, when we consider them the tools of
despotism, employed in the work of destroying
liberty abroad in order to enable that despotism
more firmly to rivet the chains about our own necks.
TO MR. WM. COBBETT, BOTLEY, ENG.
WASHINGTON, July 29, 1816.
Sin — Messrs. Gales and Seaton, editors of the
National Intelligencer, did me the favor yesterday
to send me a copy of iNo. 17, Vol. 30, of your Regis-
ter, containing a letter addressed to me, wliich 1
read with much attention, and I felt myself gratified
and flattered by the notice you have taken of me.
I had previously read the review to which you
would have drawn my attention, and, although un-
acquainted with the name of the author until it was
made known to me by your letter, I was fully per-
suaded it was the production of one of those pen-
sioned writers, who have, for sometime past, been
employed to blacken our national character, hoping
thereby to make that of their own country appear,
by the contrast, more fair. I consider myself used,
in this instance, only as a stalking horse.
In the course of my narrative I have told some
truths, and expressed some feelings, respecting the
conduct and character of British naval officers,
which has drawn on me their resentment, as well
as that of the reviewers. My reasons for making
hose events of a domestic nature, the recollection
of which still keeps alive the feelings of every -rae
American: — I have not told of the conduct of ad.-
Cockburn, of the massacres on our frontiers, r,'>v
of the various robberies, rapes, murders, &c. v
lave been perpetrated by the orders, and under llnj
eyes, of the commander in chief. 1 have told no.ie
of these things; I leave this task to some future his*
torian, who, while he vindicates my character, will
paint, in their true colors, the heroes of your ;.:ivy
on whom "blushing honors" have been heaped, fo:
practising* unequalled cruelties against our v,;ipro-
Your Cook and
your Anson miidt. not escape: — they have been r.ar i
shalled against me, and their ashes will be di • urh-
ed. The Spaniard will tell of the wanton de-. (.ruc-
tion of Puyta, and of cruelties to his countrym ••(<
on the one p:u-t, while other pens will teil of tl e
wanton destruction of the unoffending natives ..atLi
other, until heaven, provoked nt the innun erab't. .
outrages against humanity, consigned this man, w.io'
"lives forages," to the vengeanct- of an i:-ji;vt«; k ii.
justly exasperated people, who, by depmv.i;; hir,i
of his life, gave to him his immortality. Tiicron-
duct of all may be strictly scrutinized, and ti;.*-e
who have been for a long lime your natio-.'.'a !•
may prove in the end your nud;;u'.s reproach. You
have, yourself, given a striking example of ih,;
change that may be produced in public opiui ji"., by
id
known those truths, and expressing thqse feelings, the pen of a single individual, who emp:::ys him;
have not yet been satisfactorily explained by me, 'self in the search and exposition of truth. Y-, e liars
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, iblo.
also pens in this part of the world, able to vindicate
our national character from unjust aspersions, by
making known truths; and the book, entitled the
Exposition of the Causes and Character of the late
War, is a specimen of what can be done here in
that way. It has remained, thus long, unanswered,
and we may, therefore, presume that it is unanswer-
able. It will be time enough, when we receive Eng-
land's reply to that paper, to notice the abuse which
lias been thrown out ag*ainst us in the criticism on hostilities ceased between the two countries, they
my Journal. We are in no haste; we intend to take
our time; and, should we reply, all your heroes
shall have their share of not ice; even Morgan, whose
name has been placed on the same page with mine,
may be found, on a clear examination, to bear a
stronger likeness, in some of the most prominent
features of his character, to certain naval heroes of
England, whose names are more familiar in this
country than in their own. Morgan, it must be re-
membered, was an Englishman, and his historian,
who \vi;s also one, begs that it mav not be consider-
ed either a compliment or a reproach to say, that
the leading characters among1 the buccaniers were
all Englishmen. Allow me, sir, to make a small
extract from the hh-'.ory of the man, to whom the
revir-.vers consider that it would be a disgrace' to
compare me. You can make what erasures you
please, and fill up the spaces with such names as
will best suit for modern events.
'They spared, in rheir cruelties, no sex nor con
resptcts, degenerated, yet they have not laid aside
many of their ancient propensities.
1 am persuaded, sir, that you think with me, that
I have shewn a great deal of patience and forbear-
ance. How I have deserved the resentment of Eng-
lishmen, I do not know, unless it was bv doing rnv
duty to my country; but, ir, -loing it, I endeavored
to make the evils of war bear as lightly as possible
on the individuals who fell in my power. Wieu
ceased with me, until my indignation was roused by
this 'fresh attack in the Quarterly Ueview, uoied anil
approved of in the Naval Chronicle of March, shew-
ing the connection still existing- between my old
enemies, the scribblers and navy' oificers.
I had hoped, that the Kite w;.r, by m.'king us bet-
ter'acquainted with each other, would have made
us respect each other the more; but it really ap-
pears that the breach between us g
wider. We bear the Hoggings we got ilurin
war withoiiL murmuring: why should S'>n;>,lisiimeH
be less patient than 6urseives? Xav, we m\t only bore
their triumphs on the ocean, but we let idem crack
their jokes at us on the Serpentine river, without
complaining. We have no objection to tin-it- amus-
ing themselves in any such harmless sports, bu1, for
Heaven's sake, and their own, let them cease their
abuse; for while they labor to disgorge the venom
and spleen which are engendered in 'their breasts,
they only proclaim to the world the morli.ficatiou
dition, for/ as to religious persons and priests, they which rankles there.
granted them" less quarter than others, unless they] I 'thank you sincerely for the present you intend
could produce a considerable sum for ransom. Wo-
men were no better used, except they submitted to
their filthy lusts; fur such as would not Consent,
were treated with all the rigor imaginable. Captain
Morgan gave them no good example on this point,"
&C- &c. — Page 192, hint. Ruccanicrs of America.
Speaking of the destruction of Panama, he says,
"'the same day, about noon, he caused fire privately
me — and I shall not regret the abuse that has been
bestowed on me, since it has been the means of put-
ting me in possession 'of so disgraceful an evidence
of the folly and imbecility of. the British govern-
vernment. Say what they will of me and my na-
tion, (shall be content, while 7 possess, and while
they know 1 possess, the gilded rvpes of the ever-me
morable buttle of the Serpentine,
With great respect,
Your obedient servant,
D. PORTEIl.
British Alien Law.
to be set to several great edifices of the city, no-
body knowing who were the authors thereof much
less on what motives captain Morgan did it, which
are unknown to this day. The fire increased so, that
before night the greater part of the city Was in a
flame Captain Morgan pretended the Spaniards had! Hv the followini, sketches of speeches delivered in
done it, perceiving that his own people reflected on '-. »..•-• , »,,
him for that action. Many of the Spaniards, and
some of the pirates, did what they could, either to
quench the flame, or blowing up houses with gun-
powder, and pulling down others, to stop it, bitt in
its, ai
.
'r> "
Such was captain Henry Morgan, the "gallant*
and "disinterested" hero of the learned critic, wh'os<
the Hritish parliament, the principle and opera-
tion of the uiien latv may be pretty clearly un-
derstood.
In the course of a most interesting- debate on the
bill, (published in the Morning Chronicle,) sir S.
in reply to the solicitor-general,, related the follow-
ing case :—
'He was somewhat surprised to hear bis learned
attention has been so forcibly drawn to my Jour- ; friend bring forward the "questionable doctrine of
nal. Of Ann Bonney, his other pattern of nautical (the king having it in his po\\cr to ivslrain his sub-
lers , excellence, I have not been able to obtain any par-jjects fVom going abroad. IJ
I] ' ticul u-s. Such bright examples, indeed, are less i questions at .the present mom
ers i familiar to us on this side of the Atlantic than on '
y be the oilier. I should presume, from her name, hovv-
jjevlever, that she wan of Eog'lish origin, and, no doubt,
ance belonged to that class of British oificers, for whose
't}Tf actions, the editor of the above mentioned history, ~ ~ .._,, «.„-,.-«., -«— «~» — ».^.v«»
* aj says, in Ins preface, he will nor. take upon himself j of individuals, who notwirhstanding .their longresi-
~er to apologise, since even in the most regular (Bri-idence in this country, notwithstanding their havin/-;
0 . tish) troops, and best disciplined armies, di-iiy enor-i married into Engiisli families, and thus become a',
mities are committed, which the strictest vigilance
cannot prevent.
The remarks of the editor are indeed correct, and
his whole book seem:; to shew, in comparison with
the later records of Hriusa henrisiH, that although
his uaval countrymen, of high rank, have, in some
it were a portion of ourselves, were still liable
unless naturalized, to be considered as aliens, and
lua exposed to the malice of any individual
who might wish "to impose on his majesty's govern-
me it. it was the policy of ministers not to sufFev
naturalization acts to pass, for this best of a!
NiLES> WEEKLY REGISTER— BRITISH ALIEN LAW.
reasons — that this bill might be kept suspended
over many persons in the country. It was a standing
order in the house of lords that no naturalization
bill should be read a second time, unless the cer-
tificate of the individual's character was signed
by the secretary of state. A case of some importance
had come to his own knowledge, — which he would
no '*' srate to the house. It was the case of an
individual who had come here at 11 years of age,
and was, at the time of his application. 61. lie
was a flax dresser; — and as the act of Charles II.
for the encouragement of that trade hud invited
foreigners to come over and settle in this country,
with the assurance of sharing the rights of British
subjects, if employed in that trade for three years,
this person had acquired an estate of .£260,000
which he wished to dispose of. None of the per-
sons with whom he treated would ratify their
agreement, in consequence of his being an alien;
even though, by that act he had these rights. He
Mas therefore induced to apply to the secretary
of state; and though he had a certificate, signed
by many respeciubie members of that house, and
h.-d re-bided here /or 50 years, with an unblemished
•ter, hi i application \vj.s refused. He could
393
turn here. These persons conducted themselves
with the utmost propriety after their re urn; but
what must have been the consequence had
been received in France while the republican sj
was carrying on under Kobespierre ? CouKI ,ny
man doubt that they would have been sent to the
scaffold ? He himself knew a very worthy man,
teacher in this country, who on a misrepresentation
was ordered to leave the country, but fortunately
found means to get the order countermanded
misrepresentation was afterwards found to huve
been given by a rival teacher. And certainly hud
the order not been annulled, the poor man must
have been sent to poverty and beggary, as his whole
being depended on his teaching here. It was s^id
there was a power of appe.d, that power of appeal
ords of the privy council who,
king an excuse for his conduct,
were to judge whether that excuse w;is valid or
not. The individual let it be observed, was to
prove the negative of the charge brought ..giinst
him. But how was lie to know these charges?
And how was lie to defend himself without sue!)
alone iay with the lords of the privy council
on the individual makin an excuse for his co
for example, might go
saying that he wished
streets of London. Well, the accused being sent
for was unable to defend himself. If guilty, he
might suspect the c mse of his being sent for", and
thus apologize for himself so far; but if innoc< .•:.
case was the more embarrassing. Yet this was
knowledge ? A man,
charge another with saying that he wished tho
specify many cases of a similar arbitrary nature, French much success, and lie would be very happy
though none quite so bad as this one. Let not the to see Bonaparte carried in triumph through UK;
house believe they were merely called on to vote
ag.-inst i.he imrodvcUon of too many foreigners
into this .country. This was a view of the question
he particularly wished them to avoid."
From the same speech we extract what follows :
The right hon. gentleman, (Mr. Adclington)
had spoken mysteriously and probably he (s;r S.
Romilly) might have mistaken him. The bill, how-
ever, was nothing more than a preparation on our
part to drive from our shores such individuals as
night be driven by hapless necessity to seek some
freedom here, (hear, hear !) It had been said, that
in the two cases formerly discussed in the house,
the secretary of state had been influenced by a
foreign minister. Now unfortunately at the time
of these occurrences we hi ad no Dutch minister
here, which rendered the argument in defence of
the secretary of state completely abortive. [Hear.]
It was further said that 'the law had been mildly)
used. He '" ' ' .......
what was called a power of appeal— Perhaps ...._
individual knew not our language, and 'hough he
might find some of the lords of the privy council
who could taik French, he might belong to r>. coun-
try, the language of which was unknown to uov of
them. Such a case required not to be dwelt 'on;
it spoke for itself, rnd lie therefore though' k v.-is
better at once to strike out that clause ,
He was astonished that his honorable and iearned
friend had not remarked that the act established
every man a foreigner, and threw on l.im . t-
burden to prove that lie was not so. This pn.-of
it was in many cases diiiicuk to ailbrd. For instance,
if a person were naturalized by having resided
e did not deny that it had in general been ^ven years m a^British plantation, or it he had
ierately dispensed, but while he gave min- been born abro:id of.a B»l"h ^ject, how would
edit for this he would ask the house, what £*' m f1"? cases» be abie *° establish the fact ?
very moderately dispensed,
isters credit for this he wo
occasion there was for the bill bewg now passed,
when the removal of aliens from this country since
1793 to the present day was so rare ? Was it
owing to more danger being apprehended now
while in peace, than when the revolutionary phrenzy
in France was
Even when a man was a native of this country, it
was frequently a matter of the utmost possible dif-
ficulty to prove it. This provision of the act, there-
fore, was so repugnant to all justice, that he was
surprised his honorable and learned friend had not
noticed it. His honorable and learned friend had
and bring them against him. — This has been ably .
decided by lord Camdea in the well known case , nuillslerj| | msliV1 ilt
of Mr. Wilkes. The papers of :m alien were his Where Ang-eis ftar'd to uead/'
own, and were as sacred as the papers of a free born Every writer ou the iJiV.ish constitution had ex-
Briton. The country had indeed much degenerated patiated on vhe liberality with which ihe Brkish
from the care which was taken in delivering up per- j laws treated foreigners, Even in the duik ages of
sons belonging to other countries. This v/as well! our history this wise policy was prevalent. By a
exemplified at the peace of Amiens, where only three ;. statute of the "27 of Edu^s d ill. merchant-strangers
classes of characters, viz. murderers, bankrupts, and ! and others were liberally encouraged to vi.-ut Urn
persons convicted of forgeries, were given up. Let: country. An act of queen Anne, though not o'c
the house look back to the year 18u3, when 1700 'long duration, did naturalize all protestant foreign-
persons were ordered by his majesty's proclamation ers. In the commencement of the reign of Eliza-
to leave the country, and when they had gone, wereibeth, when circumstances induced a bitter spirit of
refused, admission to. Franc rs and had again to re- [hostility between this country and Spain, the same
394 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTEIt-SATtJRDAY, AUGUST 10, 1816.
liberal policy was evinced. Now, however, this
country it seemed was always to have an alien bill
in war, and an alien bill in peace, and on the propo-
sition for the latter to appeal to the former as the
standard of proper restraint on the subject; in com-
parison with which, if a milder measure were re-
commended in peace, it was maintained by the no-
ble lord and his friends, that it ought to be allowed
to pass without opposition.
Extract from lord Castler eagles speech.
In asking him (lord C.) whether he meant to make
the powers of the law instrumental to satisfy the
political vengeance of the French government, the
honorable and learned gentleman had raised a vi-
sionary supposition, in combatting- which he had
obtained an easy victory. But he would ask the ho-
norable and learned gentleman, if he would recom-
mend government and parliament to throw open
the country to all those spirits who assembled about
Bonaparte when he shook the government of France?
Would it be a wise policy to give unqualified and
V'llimited protection to all such aliens — to give urn
.restrained admission to all French subjects? If
the house were not prepared to go to that extent,
they must give to the executive government a dis-
cretion to use such measures as might be necessary
for the security of the empire. With respect to
the sentiments of other powers, he could easily re-
lieve the apprehension of the honorable and learned
gentleman, that British subjects would be treated
v/ith less liberality abroad, in consequence of the
indignation or ill will which the honorable and
learned gentleman imagined would be felt by fo-
reign states, if the proposed powers were vested in
the executive government. The powers of Europe
had expressed their opinion that they did not think
the undistinguishing admission of French subjects
into other countries, and especially into those coun-
tries bordering on France, desirable. Several states,
and among them the General Confederacy of Swit-
zerland, Lad acted on the principle of preventing
the promiscuous :iccess of French subjects. The
adoption of a similar policy, therefore, was not likely
to subject the British abroad to any inconveniences.
A system of precaution was more necessary now
than in 1814. In 1814 peace seeming to be secure,
the armies of the various powers were returning to
their respective countries. Now, however, an allied
force to the amount of 150,000 men was kept up in
France to secure the stability of the government,
and to prevent the recurrence of events calculated
to shake the peace of the world. When such un-
exampled measures of external precaution were
necessary, was it not evident that some measures of
internal precaution were not less so?
From Jl/r. Morner's speech.
Mr. Pitt's grounds were narrow, but they were
defined and intelligible. He introduced the bill as
a war measure — The noble lord had made his a
peace alien bill — [Hear, hear!] And for what? To
protect the essential interests of British policy
against the machinations of foreigners. — [Hear,
hear!] But what were those essential objects of Bri-
tish policy? Did Ihev consist in supporting the po-
licy of the assembled monarchs at Vienna, or in
affording secure and uneontroled sway to legiti-
mate sovereigns, or rather to sovereigns newly cre-
ated? Was it one essential object of British policy,
that a certain number of persons who had composed
the constituent assembly, who had so much enthu-
siasm as to think they could reform the constitution
of their country, should not have the power to re-
side in any other kingdom, than Russia, Prussia or
Austria? — [Hear, he:;:-!] These may be considered
:ssential objects of British policy by the noble lord,
but would the house sanction or approve them:1
Would they, by passing this bill, give to the crown
the power of banishing from our shores, the foreign
nerchant, mechanic or artist, whose exertions and
ndustry contribute so much to our commercial
wealth and national splendor. Would it invest the
loble lord with a power, which he might, in order
to protect the policy of Russia, Austria, France or
Spain, exert in sending- such persons to the wilds
of Siberia, or the dungeons of Ccuta? — [Hear, hear!]
He trusted, that before they gave such a power,
they would seriously consider the grounds on which
it had been conferred in 1793. In the act which
was then passed, what was the cause stated? Was
it the undefined term; "to protect the essential ob-
jects of British policy?" No, but to guard against
internal danger, not from supposed extreme cause,
but from danger — actually existing danger. [Hear!]
(Here the honorable and learned member read the
preamble to the alien bill of 1793, which stated,
that whereas an unusual number of persons, not
natural born subjects of his majesty, residing in the
kingdom; and whereas danger may arise, &c. &c.)
[Hear, hear! from lord Castlereagh.] The noble
lord may cheer, (continued Mr. Horner) but would
lie contend that any danger to this country was to
be dreaded from the foreigners who were now in it?
He (Mr. H.) did not call on the noble lord to shew
that danger may not exist; but if it did, it might
be to the Bourbons, not to this country. The hon,
and learned gentleman then adverting to the state-
ment of the solicitor general, that the crown pos-
sessed the power of sending aliens out of the
country, contended that such an opinion was erro-
neous, and observed that the loose opinion of Black-
stone on the subject was no authority, unsupported
as it was by any express act or by precedent. Ik-
observed, that if such a prerogative of the crown
was to be proved, it should be proved positively
and not negatively. In 1794, when such great re-
search was used, in order to prove this prerogative
was vested in the crown, the only instance of its
having ever been exercised, was found to have oc-
cured in the reign of Henry the Fourth. It had
been said, that thpugh the king had not the power
to deport an alien, he had a right to order him out
of the country by proclamation, and the person re-
fusing to obey such proclamation was liable to pu-
nishment. But what was the punishment prescrib-
ed in this case? A month's imprisonment and to be
sent out of the country. Undoubtedly obedience
should be paid to the lawful proclamation of the
king; but in this case the legality of such procla-
mation might be objected to, and it would not be
proved by the punishment of the offender against
the proclamation itself. The opinion of sir Edward
Northey, in support of this right, he (Mr. H.) con-
sidered in the same light as that of judge Black-
stone, it was not supported by authority.
The honorable and learned gentleman then con-
trasted the object of the war alien bill with that of
the one now proposed. The former, he observed,
was to preserve the external tranquil ity of the coun-
try, but the latter was intended to support foreign
tyranny. — [Hear, hear, hear!] It was in this view
which the noble lord viewed it, and it was for this
purpose he wished the house to sanction it. It was
an absurd argument in its favor, to say that it was not
likely to be abused; because, unless a strong case of
its necessity were made, such argument would go
for nothing. But he (Mr. Horner) contended it may
lie abused, and he would suppose three cases where
such- abuse might happen. The first was, suppose,
FILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-FOREIGN ARTICLES.
as was the fact, that Russia was indebted to Hol-
land a large sum of money, and that the Russian
minister here, afraid of being dunned by applica-
tion for its payment, might not such minister repre-
sent to the secretary of state the propriety of send-
ing- out of the country one or two honest Dutchmen,
who he suspected had come over for that purpose,
but who in reality had come over on their own pri-
vate business. Thus, under the name of protecting
the interest of British policy, might two industri-
ous men be banished from this country- The se-
cond case which he should suppose, was one which
•was connected with these "essential objects of Bri-
tish policy." The house would recollect, that one
of these objects was the support of the beloved
Ferdinand. — [hear, hear!] Suppose some South
American merchants, who may differ from the no-
ble lord (Castlereagh) in their view of Spanish po-
licy, were to come to this country with the inten-
tion of trade, was it not probable the Spanish minis-
ter, suspecting- their intentions by applying these
profits on their return to the support of the inde-
pendents, would complain to the British minister,
and procure a secret order for their departure?
The third case he should suppose WHS that of some
of the persecuted protestants of the south of France
flying1 to this country for protection, but who, at
the instance of a French ambassador, might receive
an order to leave our shores, where the wretched
have ever sought and found refuge, and be again
driven into the midst of their persecutors? These
were cases which he did not say would happen; but
he had supposed them all as possible, and the appli-
cations which might p
the known opinions of 1
reduce them probable, from
the noble lord on the "objects
of British policy." These were considerations,
which, in his opinion, should induce the noble lord
himself to oppose this bill, as without such power
as it Would confer, he might be able to answer the
applications of any foreign minister, by stating that
the laws were positive and put it out of his power
to grant their requests. He would not take up much
of the time of the house in viewing this bill as its
operation would be likely to affect our commercial
interests, but he contended that it would do so ma-
terially. It would also be a disgrace to every Eng-
lishman, and a reproach on the history of the times j two persons whom he had mentioned on a former
— that the government should, by such a measure, | evening. For those persons had come into this
what passed after the treaty of Amiens. This coun-
try had stipulated by that. "treaty to send back to
Prance all mur.'.crc-rs, forgers, and fraudulent bank-
rupts; yet even to fulfill this stipulation it had been
necessary to pass a specific act. But it Was neces-
sary to protest against this doctrine, or we might
soon see some practical effects of it — [Hear!] The'y
knew not how soon, if this power of the preroga-
tive were admitted, the ministers might send back
the Spanish liberales or the French emigrants to
their respective countries to perish at the stake, or
on the scaffold— [Hear!] It was surprising that
his learned friend (Mr. Serjeant Hest) could assert
that the powers granted to the ministers had never
been abused, in spite of the manv instances which
had been mentioned. It was absurd to talk of cal-
ling ministers to account fur the exercise of a power,
from the very nature of which no evidence of its
abuse could be brought forward.
Mr. C. Yorke supported the bill — lie thought it
justified by ancient usage, and saw no reason why this
country should be open indiscriminately to foreign,
ers, who might, criticise and grumble at the govern-
ment which protected then;. If thin rule ~eerc ad->pt-
ed in the United States, a goodly number of Mr. Yorke' >•
countrymen -would leave it.
Mr. C. Wynn denied the prerogative as ascribed,
as well as antiquity of the usage proposed. He tola
a story about "his gracious majesty" Ch;>: les H. who
was deprived of one his mistresses by a F.enchimn,
who insulted royalty by strutting aV the the (tires with
his strumpet; and that the king could not gel clear
him but by using his influence with the king rf
France to recal him. "As to the assertion of \\\".
learned gentleman (Mr. S. Best) that the liberty of
England was for the enjoyment of Englishmen only,
he cotdd not conceive upon what authority such an
opinion rested. For he (Mr. W.) had always been
taught to think that the moment any man, however
previously enslaved, touched British soil, he be-
came entitled to freedom. Such had been the doc-
trine of all constitutional writers, and such was his
decided opinion."
Mr. Baring asserted that the power with which
government was invested by the alien act, had been
grossly abused, and especially in the c;ise of the
lend itself to any foreign tyrant who might wish to
hunt down his subjects.
We have the speeches of several other members,
of which we take a brief notice to assist the reader
to a conclusion as to the nature and merits of this
bill:
Mr. John P. Grant stated that from Magna Charts
down to 1792, it had never occurred to any man to
pass such a bill. But even if it were necessary in
1792, the circumstances of the present times were
quite different. lie then lashed the bill severely.
country solely for commercial purposes, and yet tliey
were sent away in consequence of the suggestion of
the noble lord (Castlereagh) without any cause as-
signed even to this house. But what aggravated
the case was tins fact, tint one man was "sent out
of the country instead of another, who happened to
be of the same name — [Hear, hear, hear!] This fact
the honorable member stated his ability to prove,
by producing the man actually sent away through
that mistake, for he was now actually in London,
while the other was no more.
The house divided for the bill — for it 148, j<c;:uii.st
whole number of members is about 700.
Foreign Articles.
Mr. Sergeant Best quoted a good deal of law toj48; present 1% members—a very///// ho«se',-the
shew that the bill was lawful. He said that if a wll"!" ""-'-" -f «»«h— - »l™»t
minister abused his power under this bill he might
be brought to account for it — at which every body
laughed' He gave his opinion that foreigners were
not entitled to the benefit of habeas corpus, and so on. j Russia is the asylum of the oppressed subjects of
He said he believed there was not a state in the | Turkey. The grand scheme of Catlntrine will pro-
\vorltl in which the sovereign had not power over fo- j bably be realized at no very remote period. The
rei'Tiers. There is no poiver in the United States other \ people of Venice appear like a "troubled sea," and
than there is over citizens. \ are very unsettled. J/oscow has risen from its ashes,
Sir S. Romilly replied to Sergeant Best — lie said Cunning has been re-elected to Parliament from
— Blackstone stated, that the king had the power Liverpool. Some commercial heart-burnings arc
to send aliens back to their own country. [Hear, spoken of between England and Russia, because
hear!] That this was not law was evident from the hitter is pleased to prohibit tha import of mai\v
396 NILES' WEEKLY KEGISTEIi— SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, 1816.
of the goods of the former, and is also suspected
of enticing away her manufacturers. Napoleon's
sister, Eliza Bacciochi, is in a bad. way with her
claims to property in Italy. It would appear that
she may be made to give up from 3 to 8,000,000 at
Jjiicca, &c. This is very well — if the people get it; for
they must have been swindled in the monopolization
of such vast sums by her. Kosciosko is living at Ge-
neva. A body of the Stoiss are to be stationed at
Fontainbleau. Bavaria and Saxony keep up very
numerous armies, considering the population of
these states. Baden is disturbed by the nobility,
who have some disputes with the sovereign. De
mark is very strongly remonstrating against certain
proceedings of the British, as to trespasses on her
territory. Many Swedes, of the highest distinction,
are leaving their country and resorting to foreigi
courts — Bernadotte 's situation appears rather un-
pleasant and critical. The French are very busy in
arresting and imprisoning' "seditious" persons. A
JLomhn paper talks about "the designs of the Unitet
States upon the West-Indies!" — what "designs?" A
French marquis has obtained a patent, as inventoi
of steam-boats in France! A mob of peasants has
destroyed the rice felds near Bologno, in Italy, un-
der the idea that they poisoned the air — rice was
first cultivated here about 15 years ago. Some of
the streets of London are paving wilh iron flags
Spain is greatly agitated with real or pretended
plots and conspiracies, and many are put to deatl:
by the "adored" Ferdinand, in the "ancient and ve-
nerable" barbarian manner — with mutilations anc
tortures. In reply to an enquiry, by Mr. Brougham
in the house of commons, lord Castlereagh statec
that the government was not responsible for any o
the pecuniary engagements for tlie European pow
ers, by the treaty with Jllgiers. Didier was execut
eel at Lyons on the 10th of June — 28 persons hav
been arrested at Paris for an alleged conspirac}
against the lives of the royal family. Nine waggon
with specie, from France arrived at the Bank o
Vienna on the 28th May. The British people seem
.excessively delighted, thinking it very extraordi
nary, indeed, that, though a whole month had passec
since their marriage, the princess Charlotte and he
man still kept company with each other, and appeal
ed pleased with it! — IV hat stuff—If persons in pr>
wate life were otheneise, it might be worth talking
about. The report that the king of the JVetherlaud
had refused an asylum to the proscribed French, i
contradicted. Cardinal Fesche, Cambaceres an
Fonche have been struck from the list of gran
crosses of the legion of honor. The exchequers o
Great Britain and Ireland are to be consolidated —
but there is to be a vice-treasurer for the latter, wit
a salary of 3500/. per annum.
It is ridiculous, that at Cadiz, among the prepa
rations to honor the reception of the queen of Spuir
they have erected a temple, with Ferdinand's bus
in front, on which also are the figures of Justice
Conscience!,' Fame!.'! and Mercy.1!!.'
The British annual revenue from lotteries is offi
cially stated at 528,240Z.
Mr. I.yttleton moved in parliament, June 12, th
discontinuance of lotteries, on account of their im
moral tendency. The motion was negatived, ye:
24, nays 47. It was said, if British lotteries wer
stopped, foreign tickets would be sold in Englanc
It was proposed to have all the tickets sold at on
office, to prevent the puffing advertisements vvhic
arise from competition.
It is said orders have been sent from Calcutta 1
England to prevent any more missionaries from con
The expence of parliamentary printing during*
ic present session is about 100,000/.
In London, on an action for damages in the case
'being bitten by a ferocious dog, the plaintiffhas
ecovered 55/.
British papers state, that at the Easter Leipsic
ir, English cottons sold so very low as to defy all
ompetition by the native manufacturers.
Near Berlin, a soldier, distracted by rejected
ove, attempted to drown himself, but at tlie mo-
ent of perishing was saved, and afterwards put
icier guard to prevent his completing his intention;
ut he, in a short time, escaped, and ran towards
ve river. A comrade pujsued him, but found him-
elf distanced, and then called to the unfortunate,
nd threatened to shoot him if he did not return,
'he man immediately faced to the right about, the
ear of being killed overcoming the desire of being-
'ro-ivned !
The amount of revenue to the British government
i'om newspaper stamps in England for the year
nding Jan. 4, 1816 was 363,4147. 3 4. In Scotland
CL281/. 12 10. The amount paid by the London
Jonrier alone was 31,155/. 13 3 besides the duty
iaid on advertisements.
The British stocks are quoted June 15,3 per cts.
cc. 63-£ 7-8, 3 per cent. red. 62 7-8 73 Omnium
Reciprocity! In Cobbett's Register of June 8, it
s asserted "that Scotland devours, in places and
ensions, including officers, more than she pays in
axes,"
It is given as a reason (by their secretary) for
maintaining seven lords of the admiralty, that *there
s seldom more than one attends."
French funds June 12, 5 per cts. 59 6-100 bank
hares 1101^
Many "riotous assemblages" of the people dis-
urb the repose of England. At Suffolk, Brandon,
Norfolk, &c. the miserable populace are armed
ivith heavy sticks "studded with iron spikes," their
Bag inscribed with the terrible words "BREAD OK
ULOOD". — Some parties threatened to march for
London. The offenders are threatened with death.
At Biddeport, a mob was excited to prevent the
shipment of a parcel of potatoes, and three of the
"eaders of it seized and put into prison — on which
an immense number of persons, chiefly mechanics,
defeated the police and released the prisoners. At
Ely, the affair at which has been mentioned before,
the rioters fired on the troops; but they were soou
routed, with 2 killed and several wounded, and 104
prisoners. The troops are on the alert, and appear
to have hard service in keeping down the people.
The vast emigration from England causes consi-
derable alarm. Many persons of fortune are leav-
ing the land of taxation for France and other parts
of Europe, and the United States. The street in
which the French ambassador lives in London, is
crowded by people applying for passports, and
thousands have been issued. The state of trade
may be judged of by this — that "not fifty foreign
vessels are in the Thames" — and the London docks,
which used to employ 1500 persons, do not employ
Germany, in general, is in an unsettled and very
depressed state. France, it is intimated, will be
unable to meet the next payment to the allies foi'
her "deliverance."
lionaparte. The ITavanna frigate has arrived \\\
r,ivj,-land from St. Helena— the report is that Bona-
parte was in good health, but more dissatisfied thaii
ever with his situation, lie has sent by the Havan.
ua a string- of complaints, to. the prince regent, up.
NILES5 WEEKLY REGISTER— STATISTICAL ARTICLES.
397
irti the subject of the personal regulations to which
he has been compelled to conform.
Talleyrand, on a late visit of the king to Fon*
tainbleaM, rode in the same carriage with him.
Alexander of Russia has taken the title of Czar
king of Poland.
British manufactories. Letters from Liverpool
give us distressing accounts of their state — 20,000
hands are out of employ at Birmingham, alone, and
Mamhester is doing only half-work; so it is at Bris-
tol, Bolton, Colne, Gloucester, Worcester, London,
&c. Sec. There are daily failures of those of small
capital, and the most wealthy are hardly put to it
to keep up.
The British government expended 12,000^. in li-
quors, &c. to secure the re-election of Canning to
parliament for Liverpool.
London June 11. — The Duchess of Parma, Maria
Louisa, has an accredited envoy at Paris, although
her duchy is not recognised in the royal Almanack.
A very extensive scheme of forgery has lately
been executed by which the bankers in town, and
in different parts of England, have been defrauded
to a very great amount. The amount of bills thus
fabricated is differently stated, from £50,000 to
100,000, and some say to double the latter sum; but
the extent cannot yet be ascertained.
His majesty's store ship Tortoise, arrived on
Wednesday at Portsmouth from Dantzic, bringing
naval timber, as our proportionate part of prize
stores found in the arsenal of that city, at its surren-
der to the combined Russian and English forces.
Above 1500 houses have fallen down in the city
of Szeged en, Hungary, having been undermined by
the great rise of the river.
Old Bailey. — Last night, at a late hour, the recorder
passed sentence of death upon thirty two convicts.
A private letter dated Paris, the 7th "states, that
the wives of the crown Prince of Sweden and oi
Joseph Bonaparte, who are sistersr and whose
maiden names were Clary, who were still in this
capital, have received a notice to quit Paris as
belonging to the family of Bonaparte, according
the law of amnesty, which banishes the relations
of that family for ever from France.
A report prevailed in Paris on the 9th, that M
Laine will immediately retire from office, on ac
count of bad health, and that the Archbishop o
Rheims, who is charged with the concerns of the
Roman catholic church, has tendered his resignation
in consequence of the refusal of the king to adop
some changes which he has recommended, as con-
trary to the concordat, with which his majesty
considers himself bound to conform.
A petition is now preparing to the house of lords
by the numerous individuals confined in the Fleet
prison, under committals for contempt, praying
relief. The hard case of these individuals is worthy
of public notice — they are excluded from the benefi
of the insolvent act* and many of them have been
suffered to languish in a state of unmitigated confine
rnent from two years and upwards to thirty years ! .'
Ought not this to be enquired into ? Surely the l;u\
that can inflict so horrible an oppression on a Britisl
subject is worthy of revision in these enlightenec
ages of legislation. The crime of contempt appears
to consist in "an inability on the part of the individua
against whom a bill in Chancery is filed, to cowpl)
with the expensive forms of that court in answering
he few years allotted to man within the walls of a
>rison, most of them, it appears from the petition
n question, without any means of dependence but
he allowance from the country of three shilling and
ixpencc per week ! f ! — Statesman.
Court of Chancery. — The public will learn with
urprise, not unmixed with other sensations, that
imongst the numerous persons confined in the Fleet
jrison for contempt of court, is an old gentleman,
ipwards of 70, who has passed more than 30 years
n that miserable abode, and avows himself ignorant
f the crime laid to his charge ! — ib.
Paris, June 12. Didier's execution has taken
)lace. He endeavored, throughout his interroga-
tories and trial, to throw perplexity and dismay in-
o the minds of his judges and of government. He
itated that he was but one of 24 commissaries ap-
)ointed by a great power to promote the interest of
.he cause for* which he was about to suffer, and
which, better conducted by his surviving colleagues,
would ultimately prevail. After making this appa-
rent or real confession, which he observed to be not
dictated by any desire to court the clemency of the
king, which clemency could but little prolong a life
already so far advanced, he recommended to his
"udges the immediate execution of the sentence
awaiting him, lest, a short interval elapsing, such a
revolution in things might occur as to put him in
their places, and them in his. This frank avowal
lad the effect of suspending for a few days the se-
verity of government, and of inducing on their part
of every kind of offer to obtain from him the com-
pletion of his revelations on a plan, of which the
Late events, alarming as they we^e, would appeal-
to form an inconsiderable part. The power allud-
ed to by Didier is conjectured to be either Austria
or Bavaria. It is certain that the '"'"
ments and general di
particularly the latter, over which Prince Eugene
is known to have so decided an influence, are a sub-
ject of real uneasiness to the French court.
Vienna, June 1. The territorial claims of prince
Eugene Beauharnois in the papal dominions, are
now set aside by a convention concluded under the
mediation of the court of Bavaria. The prince re-
ceives his domains there upon an hereditary lease,
and pays for them, besides alandemium of 150,000
francs, an annual canon of 20,000 francs. The
yearly revenue is estimated at 850,000 francs, and
the capital value at 5 per cent, at 17 millions of
francs. The pope reserves to himself, for 9 years,
the right of redemption on payment of this capital.
Austria will also make an arrangement with prince
Eugene, on account of his domains in Lombardy,
and will purchase them back. If to these be add-
ed the indemnity which he expects from Naples, he
will certainly be one of the richest individuals in
i-tain that the military arrange-
spositions of those powers, but
Europe.
( 'Sardinia } 18th April
Notwithstand-
ing the arrangement made by lord Exmouth, with
the Barbary powers, in our favor, their cruizers
have, the day before yesterday, made a descent on
our coast, carried 88 persons of both sexes off with
them, and destroyed a great deal of property.
Statistical Articles.
POOR RATES. — If we rightly understand certain
statements which have just reached us, the poor
it." See the case of Mr. NKWHAM reported about! fates of Connecticut amount to about 15,000 dollars
ten days ago, who was committed under these cir- per annum— $7,755 being given as the cost of main-
*^. **.^<,v. ~^ ,r
cumstunces of hardship. We thus see the nature i ta
_ .
i taining the paupers for the six months (the -mnter
| being included) ending April 31, 1816, during
of the crime for which the petitioners alluded to
have beeadoom"!*. to rlrag- out so l:mre abortion of! v.i;:r.h the average number was only 200. And in
398 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, 1816.
Massachusetts, the maintenance of the poor cost tlxe
people of that state $57,909, for the hist year.
The united population of those states in 1810 was
862,287 souls— now not less than 950,000, although
the emigration from them has been so immense;
and the united amount for supporting the poor is
§72,909, equal to a little more (about the 10th of a
cent) than thirteen cents for every "tax contribut-
ing individual" — persons not paupers.
There is in this result a good deal to gratify the
editor of the WEEKIY REGISTER, as serving to shew
to his readers the care and reflection with which, in
the absence of documentary matter, he has advanced
some of his statistical facts.
In the laborious letter to Mr. Cobbett, inserted in
the last vloume, see the second part, page 229, we
stated, that the cost of maintaining the poor in the
United States, generally, was, for every other per-
son, about fourteen cents per annum. This sum was
put down from an average result of several counties
in the middle states, the facts belonging to which
were obtained with considerable trouble — regulat-
ed by a careful view of the condition of society; but
yet it was, in some degree, arbitrary. The above,
however, convinces us that we were as nearly right
as, perhaps, it was possible to be — and that the cost
of maintaining the poor is, to each other person in
the United States, (\bo\\\. fourteen cents a year.
A careful attention to such matters as this, is
worth volumes of speculations and essays on go-
vernment. Practice laughs at theory.
By referring to the letter above alluded to, the
following curious and important facts appear — that
the maintenance of a pauper in the United States
was supposed to cost the people about forty-Jive
dollars a year, while in England, such maintenance
appeared to cost only fourteen dollars, although the
price of bread and meat there, at the time the cal-
culation was made, was about equal to double its
average for the United States. They (in England)
must then have lived upon something cheaper than
bread and meat. Notwithstanding this severe eco'
noir.y, we had also this result — that while the people
of the United States were paying only fourteen ct'tils
each to keep their poor in a little comfort, the Eng-
lish were paying five hundred and sixty-nine cents,
each, merely to keep their poor from immediate
starvation.
TUB MISSISSIPPI. There are few that can look
at the map of Louisiana without an idea of shorten-
ing the length of the Mississippi, by discharging its
mighty waters on the right or left of its present val-
ley; and when we look at superjices only, the thing
seems very easy to accomplish; — but going deeper
into the subject, we immediately abandon the no-
tion. It appears practicable to throw oil' the excess
\vaters of the river, and thereby suve the country
from inundation; but to alter the course of the
minn stream — is another affair.
My enlightened friend Isaac Briggs, speaking to
iTic of this river, observed, that when he first ap-
proached it he felt uo little disappointment at ji.s
appearance. Of such vast extent, in idea, from the
map, there seemed something contemptible in its
expanse; but, added he, I took a bout, and with a
plummet found Me Mississippi as Iliad anticipated.
The notion of a cut occurred a few days since,
when I had the pleasure of a short, but very inte-
resting conversation, with Mr. J}arbtjt author "ofthe
map, &.c. noticed in our paper. In reply to my ques-
tions, lie referred me to the tttpogyaphiqai Account
which accompanies the map, and mui. io me the fol-
lowing paragraph from page 135, which. I copy for
the information of others:
"From actual and careful admeasurement, \he
depth ofthe Mississippi at Mr. Bringier's.nine miles
below the efflux of the Fourche, was from the ex-
treme high bank ofthe river, 153 feet. The depth
of Ponchartrain is about 18 or 20 feet; never much
less or more. The difference between the maximum
and minimum elevation at Mr. Hringier's is 23 feet.
The difference between the common level of Pon-
! chartrain and the low water level of the Mississippi,
! is about 8 or 10 feet. From those elements it re-
j suits, that if we subtract 23 from 153, we have 130
feet as the depth of the Mississippi. If we add 10
feet, the perpendicular fall from low water level in
the river, to 18 feet, the common depth of the lake,
and take the sum, 28, from 130, the remainder, 102
feet, is the least depth of the bottom of the Missis-
sippi, below that of lake Ponchartrain."
.Hank of the United States. Additional subscrip-
Itions— in Georgia, $1,200,000. In Kentucky, "up-
wards of a million." In Ohio, 470,000. At Ports-,
mouth, N. II. 120,000. Present known amount of
| subscriptions, 125,665,4000— deficiency 2,334,600.
' Vermont, Tennessee and Louisiana to be heard from.
EXCHANGE.
g « , 2 jl *, P- B £
?->
3 <-5 o> *•• S' W re
° ° g §
~- r" 3
o ^ 5
si S
<£>
'•O
«•
ii
Yor
st 3
Philadelph
July 26.
& g
(T'r'The price of specie, treasury notes and inland
bills' fTttCtWtefl almost every day, but seems, gene-
rall>, drawing towards a state of equality. Specie,
in Baltimore, since the date of the preceding, has
been sold as low as 10 per cent. ad. and commonly
at 12^. The above, we suppose, are the prices that
the brokers sell at. "We do not believe they can be
accepted, in extenso, as accurate; but may serve for
a general view, as being sufficiently correct, and
gratify future curiosity.
NKVEUSINK HIU.S. Dr. Mitchell, of New-York,
captain Partridge, of the U. S. military academy at
West Point, and some oilier gentlemen, recently
went frmii New York;in the U. S. revenue cutter, to
ascertain the heighth of the Neversink Hills, near
Sandy Hook, by the buromei.tr. The operation was
performed by captain Pur; ridge, and the highest
point which bore from the light house about S. dis-
tant two leagues, WHS elevated two hundred and se»
ventv-two feet above the level of the oce?.n. Tha-
NILES9 WEEKLY REGISTER— STATISTICAL ARTICLES.
399
nit is distinguished by having a sort of notcl
re-'k through the middle of it. The party namec
unitnit
or brc
it Mount Mitchell, under a salute from the cutter
and three cheers.
'LOOK UPON THIS PICTURE — ANTI ON THIS.
The
editor of the Albany Register, under this head, pub
Tbkes an extract from lord Nelson's official letter
dated off Algiers, January 14, 1804, and follows i
up by Decatur'' s account of his memorable ntgncio
iion with the dey, dated Bay of Algiers, July 4, 1815
The contrast is as gratifying to our national pride
as it is honorable to o«rhero.j
went to Algiers to DEMAND that a Mr. Fa
>iiouid again be received as consul there — t
DK.HAND that the Maltese vessels captured by the
dey's cruisers should be given up. Captain Keat
was sent ashore for the purpose, and presented th
lord's letter and remonstrance. The dey was "ver
violent and outrageous," and positively refused t
comply with cither of the denum
On the 17th of Jan. lord Nelson's fleet of ten sail o
the line came in sight of Algiers — Keats was sen
ashore again, but the "dey refused to see him," I)
ing employed at his batteries, though he "waitei
two hours'" for his highness' leisure. Upon whic
he returned to the ,'ieev and told what had passed —
and his lordship left Algiers exactly as he came b
fore it.
Decatur went to Algiers \viihfonrfrigates and o
sloop of war, with a treaty made out according
his own mind. He said it must be signed— the de
wished time to consider, for it gave up all claim
tribute, &c. &c. "not a minute" was the reply, am
the business v/as settled as Decatur dictated, on tl
quarterdeck if the Guerriere!
CKKIUUKS made their first in London this seaso
on the 7th Muy, in Covent Garden market. Th
were sold at two guineas and a half per Ib. [lit
great must be the poverty of the many — how u
equally must wealth be distributed, where such
price as this can be paid for a pound of cherries.]
A TURTLE— -of the species commonly called t
"leather tortoise," caught at Cedar creek, New-Je
sey, is exhibiting at Philadelphia, which is suppo
ed to weigh 10UO Ibs.
WILD PAHSXIP.— -A fine boy, about 12 years o
died after a very short but excruciating illness,
Mount Vernon, Ohio, in consequence of eating
the root of the wild parsnip. He was carried oi
in 40 minutes by this active poison.
CINCINNATI MANUFACTURES. — We are gratified
noticing the growing prosperity of manufactures
this town. A net/the and sickle manufactory has
ceutly gone into operation, and furnishes tlio.se a:
cles of H superior quality, ut §20 per dozen for t
former and $10 per dozen for the latter. <S'o
augurs are also made here, and sold at ten ce
per quarter inch, a less pri^e than those importec
A mustar+l manufactory is in successful operati
. f ['he Journal de Frankfort of the 18th May, gi
the treaty of lord Exmouth with the Barbufjf :;ta
to \vt;ich is subjoined the following paragraph
"Behold then the hopes that Europe conceived at
the congress, reduced to acknowledging itself u-i-
butary to some miserable pirates in the Mediterra-
nean'." England, which by a nod could make all
these thieves retire into their dens; England, which
possesses Malta and the Seven Islands, will never
Waah away the disgrace of having rivetied the chain*
f Europe. Let this treaty be compared with that
e price of which per pound bv the keg is one
ollar — three dollars per bushel given for mustard
•d
The proprietors of the Cincinnati oil mill wilt
lortly commence the manufacture of castor oil, and
\v give two dollars per bushel for the seed of the
hna dirit-:ti, castor oil or mole bean. We would re-
mmend the cultivation of this plant to our friends
e farmers, as it can be raised with but little
ouble, and effectually expels that pernicious ani-
al, the mole, from the farm on which it grows.
Gazette.
Lead. We noticed some time ago, that very rich,
ines of lead had been discovered at Prairi*
i Chein — large quantities of it are now arriving
. St. Louis for sale.
GRAND CROSS. In France all married men are
aid to belong to a "Legion of Honor." One who
las a scolding wife is said to bear a "Grand Cross."
WHALE FISHERY.— The sloop Sally, of Nan tucket,
nly 30 days out, was spoke on our coast, with sixty
>arrels of oil, and was then employed in increasing
ic quantity.
Ast of officers composing the general court martial ft*
the trial of major-general Gaines, at JVe-ar York, on
the 2J of September:
President — Major-general Scott.
Members — Brig. gen. Porter, brig. gen. Miller,
mg. gen. Swift, col. Atkinson, lieut. col. Ball, lieut.
ol. House, lieut col. Arbuckle, col. Brady, col.
Mitchell, lieut. col. Eustis, lieut. col. Lindsey, lieut.
ol. Towson.
Judge Advocate — R. H. Winder, esqr.
Supernumeraries — Lieut.col. Pinkney, major Hum-
phries, of the 6th inft. major Stockton, of the ar-
illery.
Adjutant and Inspector general's office,
August 1, 1816.
GENERAL ORDER. Promotions to fill vacancies in the-*
niiitary peace establishment of the United States,
which have occurred since the 17th of June, 1816.
Corps of artillery. 1st lieut. Milo Mason, to be
uptain, 17th May, 1316, vice Herriot declined.
2d Lieut. John W. Kincaid, 1st lieut. 17th May,
1816, vice Mason promoted.
2d Lieut. Robert Goode, 1st lieut. 15th July,
1816, vice Morgan, resigned.
2d Lieut. Richard H. Lee., 2d lieut. 17th May,
1816, vice Kincaid, promoted.
2d Lieut. Jesse M'llvam, 2d lieut. 15th July,
1816, vice Goode, promoted.
3d Lieut. William L. Boothe, 2d lieut 16th July,
1816, vice Whetmore, resigned.
5th Rcgi.ment of Infantry. 2d Lieut. Subael Butter-
field, to be 1st lieut. 3Jth June, 1816, vice Ciliy,
resigned.
7t'/i Regiment of Infantry. 2d Lieut. Jacob Tipton,
\o he 1st iicut. 5vh July, 1816, vice Hays.
?>th Regiment of Infantry. 2d Lieut. Russell B.
Hyde, to'be 1st 'lieut. 1st July, 1816, vice King,
resigned.
The officers above promoted will report Record-
concluded by the Americans with Algiers, and it
will be seen what there \vas
so powerful a mediator."
ingly, subject to the approval of the senate at their
next session. By order,
*D. PAKKEK, Adj. and Ins. gen.
Adjutant and Inspector general's office,
1st Augmt, 1816.
GENERAL onuEn. Preparatory to forming a list oF
the army, conformably to a resolution of congress,
passed April 27, 18 16^ the slu/e and county, in which
each commissioned uiiiccr w.is born will forthwith
from I be rr-nortrd to this
T>
Bv order —
400 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER-SATURDAY, AUGUST ZO, 181G.
CHROMIC IsFj. i and not being1 able to obtain it was remanded to pri
The United States' frigates Constellation and Ja- son-
va, and sloop Erie, were at Syracuse about the 27th
of' May.
By a decision in Pennsylvania, the child of a slave
born in that state is free.
Our fishermen to the eastward pursue their busi-
ness with extraordinary vigor and effect; and have
thereby much excited the jealousy of their British
rivals, who make many complaints about trespasses
on aieir coasts.
A si earn boat is shortly to leave New York for a
port in Russia, where she is under contract to be on
the 1st December. Capt. Bunker is to command
her. Air. Golden, an eminent practitioner of law at
New York, is
out in her. The Columbian ob-
serves: ''Tiiis grand undertaking", we understand, i
in fulfilment or acceptance of a contract offered to
Mr. Fuli-onby ihe emperor of Russia, allowing1 him
the exclusive navigation of steam boats in the Rus-
siua empire for 25 years. As the vessel is built as
Substantial and su-ong as a sloop of war, little doubt
is e'ltert.iined oy naval men of the practicability of
the attempt."
Tin? price of flour has fallen in Canada.
The great steam-boat Vesuvius, with a rich cargo,
bound up the Mississippi, has been destroyed by
fire off New-Orleans. Luckily she was anchored in
the river, whereby no other damage was suffered.
The people all saved— property lost estimated at
200,000 dollars!
'1 be London Courier says — that Mr. Randolph will
be the next president of the Uniied States.
The commissioners of the navy are advertising-
fur live oak and other timber for a ship of the line
and two frigates.
The infamous trade to Africa for slaves, is pursu-
ed with uncommon vigor from Ilavanna — the crews
of the vessels engaged in it, are made up of the peo-
ple of all nations, tempted by the want of other em-
ploy, and high wages.
The British vessels stationed on the coast of Afri-
ca have frequent battles with the slave traders, and
have captured several, under Spanish colors.
Jin eieplianl, recently exhibited as a show in the
Eastern states, was killed by some villain unknown,
ivith a musket, when travelling- through Alfred, Me.
It has much excited the public sensibility in that
quarter.
Emigration — A ship Ijas arrived at New-York from
France, with passengers, among whom is Mr. Lee,
late consul at Bordeaux, and fifty-two artists and
manufacturers of various descriptions, vine-dressers
and 'Husbandmen — 232 other persons arrived at New-
York, in one day, from Hull, Eng. and Waterford,
Ireland. Vessels are almost every day reaching
some of our ports with passengers, from England,
Ireland, France, Germany, &c. The Swiss, hereto-
fore spoken of, embarked in Holland, rjul sailed on
the lltli of .June. A Liverpool paper complain.1;,
that the spirit of emigration has reached "the me-
tropolis and the heart of the united kingdom;" and
•••cLi'.es that a vessel had been seizec1 in the Thames,
for atte raping to bring out 231 persons, instead of
174, all that slie was entitled to carry, by the law
allowing one to every two tons. Many vessels are
mentioned \\\ England as being engaged to bring
passengers to the United States.
Mrs. CarsMi, charged \viih being concerned in a
conspiracy to extort from gov. fjiiyder a pardon for
^ Jlmelia Island. It is reported that the Carthage-
nian privateers propose to take this island from the
Spaniards, and make it a depot for their prizes.—
The procedure would powerfully aid their cause.
Soiith America. The items of news we have from
South America are pleasing. We daily expect ma-
ny interesting particulars.
We have "nothing particular" from Mexico — but
many scraps of intelligence shew us that the patri-
ots maintain their ground. That they will ultimate-
ly succeed, we have not the least doubt. A convoy
of 7000 mules lately reached Vera Cruz from Mexi-
co, after being 7 months on the voyage; owing to
the continual harrassings of the patriots, who inter-
cepted many of the weaker convoys. They were
laden with specie, a good deal of which seem des-
tined for England the West India colonies.
Note from general Jackson, to the Editors of the
Nashville Whig.
For the information of the public, I enclose for
publication m your paper, an extract of a letter
eceived from col Meigs, of date 5th mstant. It
affords evidence, that the murder of Davis was an
act committed by a few disorderly Indians, who
have been promptly apprehended "by the nation,
and handed over 10 the civil authority for trial.
This is the best proof of the friendly intentions of
the great mass of the Cherokee nation towards the
citizens of the United States, and ought to be satis-
factory to every good citizen. A. JACKSON.
Nashville, J\^y 7, 1816.
ABUSTDS. — A few days since, Mr. Wm. Dole, near
Parker's river bridge, in Nevvbury, found a piece
of mineral substance in his garden, which appears,
by experiment, from its durability in fire, to be the
genuine Abestus.
Query. — Would not Abestus be useful for bank-
bill paper, as it is very durable and not combusti-
ble.— Netoburyport Herald,
The following Article from a Richmond paper, on the
same subject, is interesting:
"A Newburyport paper states, that Mr. Dole has
found, near Parker's river, in Newbury, a piece of
mineral substance, which appears by experiment,
from its durability in fire, to be the genuine Abes-
tos.* The editor of this paper (V. P.) well recol-
lects, in 1794, seing several large pieces of Abestos
on an island in Parker's river, called, he believes,
Kent Island (persons of that name then lived on the
sland) the filaments of winch were nearly three
nches in length. It was then said that the island
contained large quantities. In 1800, about fifteen
miles from BALTIMORE, Abestos was found, some of
which was nearly four inches in length. It was used
for the wick of a lamp in Baltimore ; but, though
unconsumed, the flame was much more dim than that
from a cotton wick. Pliny says, that cloth made of
it w:is used by the ancients for a shroud to the ashes
of the dead. A napkin 24 inches square cost in Chi-
na $170. The Royal Society in England has a piece
of this cloth, 12 inches by 0, which has been wash-
ed by burning it red hot. It lost in thus burning,
3 grains each time.
, a sort of native fossil stone, which may
be split into threads from one to ten inches long,
Smith, condemned to death at Philadelphia for muf- 1 very fine, silky, and of a greyish color — It is endow •
•ler, has been twice befor
judge, at Hurrisburg, * ed with tiie \v underfill property of being uncon-
a bail of £5000; I sumable hy fivr .
NILfSS' WEEKLY REGISTER.
BALTIMOtlE, SATURDAY, AIX.UST 17, 1816.
NO. 1 M>.
ilac olini meniinisse jnvubit. — VIUUIL.
AM) i'uii!.]sm;i) nr 11. MILKS, AT THE HEAD OF CIIKAPSID*:, AT ]§5 PKH
SPKCIK PAY.M I:\TS. — It is understood that the dele-
gates from the banks of New-York, Philadelphia and
JJaltitnore, that lately met at Philadelphia, re-solved
to withhold specie payments until the first Monday
of July next, 1817 — that they communicated the re-
sult of their determination "to the secretary of the
vreasury — who is said to have acquiesced in the ar-
rangement, in consideration that all those banks
would make a simultaneous resumption of specie
payments on the day stated.
The "foreign articles" contained in this paper, are,
f not important, at least, very interesting-. We spend
inuch labor on this department to preserve a his-
ory of things.
Emigration.
AVe have not exactly added up the amount of
'he passengers from Europe, who have reached
New- York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, for a week
past; but believe \ve shall not be far from the truth
when we estimate them at from 12 to 1500 persons;
of whom 410 are Swiss arrived at Philadelphia, via
Holland — the rest are from Ireland, Bngland and
France.
The current of emigration to the United States
has been very strong1 for the last six months; but
judging by what we see in the British and other
foreign papers, \ve can consider itashax'dly begun.
The people are preparing1, in many places, to leave
their country by neighborhoods or parishes, as it
were, and in the new world to possess and enjoy
the friends of their youth, by settling together.
The proceeding has excited much alarm in Eng-
land. The papers teem with paragraphs to check
the hope of the people to benefit by the change;
;md government is loudly called upon to interfere
to prevent this "ruinous drain of the most useful
part of the population of the united kingdom." —
They note, in detail, the arrivals at New York with
passengers, and on summing up the amount, which
was only 2-39 for the week stated, they say — "these
fj.cts certainly are serious; coupled with the senti-
ments which are now prevalent in America with re-
gard to England, and with respect to the avowed
probability of another war, at no distant period,
v/ith this country, they cannot fail to awaken reflec-
tions of the most gloomy kind to all who wish for
the peace and harmony of the world."
From this it would appear, that an increase of
strength ami prosperity to the United States is incom-
patible with the "peace and harmony of the -world.'"
t'his is a purely English sentiment. Our "danger-
ous example of successful rebellion" eternally
haunts the imagination of those who think they
ought yet to be, and lately hoped to have been, our
lords and masters But the time has gone by. —
Happy in our independence, we shall not interfere
with the disputes or attempt to direct the desti-
nies of other nations. We court peace, and reject
foreign alliances. We only desire "to manage our
own concerns in our own way." Why should our
prosperity excite the envy of England? If it had not
been for this base passion influencing her councils,
we might yet have been her colonists; and if, in the
natural course of events, a separation had taken
place, she might have avoided the late humiliations
of her sea and land forces. She fought us into in
dependence, in the first place, aiul fought us into a
military character in the second. It is her own do-
ing that we have a name among the nations of tin-
earth; and that an American, throughout theconti
nent of Europe, is looked upon as a sort of a prodigy,
exciting the admiration and gaze of the common-
ality. If she would pursue a correct policy, she will
follow the advice that a distinguished Frenchman
lately gave to one of her great men at Paris — " You.
fought the Americans too /«//,§•,'* said he, "and it ought
to he yow study to avoid a future war -with them. —
They are ignorant of their means and strength to re-
sist yon; andit should bey onr business to keep them so."
The Frenchman might have added, they also love
peace, and it is to your profit to cultivate that dispo-
sition.
Certainly, although there are few persons in the
United States who do not consider another war with
England as possible, growing out of her insolence
and pride,* directed by her flnvy, there are few, if
any, that would wish it. At any rate, although there
may be a general hostility of sentiment ta England,
from causes too numerous to detail, the sober reason
of all makes them heartily desire to lessen it — and
it will die away as the feelings that gave, rise to it
are blunted by time and future courtesy and justice.
As to emigration — is it a fault of our's tLat the
European prefers our country to his own — that lie
abandons the tombs of ancestors for the wild wood**
of America? Whence can come the imputation of
offence from this, but of envy — useless and impla-
cable? Does the fact that my neighbor has a bet-
ter house than I have, subject him to my just in-
j
dignation and hate? Ought I not rather to look u;>
to what he has done for my own emulation — and
profit by his experience in erecting a more com-
fortable habitation for myself?
Having recently treated of emigration so much at
length, I have little to add to the subject at present.
As a political economist, I am pleased that the cur-
rent sets so strong this way. There is -wealth and
safety in it. We have no 'reason to fear an excess
of labor for many years to come. Our cities are
crowded and business is dull, but the interior pre-
sents a vast and almost exhaustless field for indus-
try. Every man that arrives may be fairly consider-
ed as adding at least 300 dollars a year to the na-
tional wealth, while he also creates a ho?ne -market^
to the value of what he consumes; and increase*
the national safety by adding to the effective popu-
lation of the republic- Let them come. Good and
wholesome laws, with the avenues to wealth and
independence opened to honest industry, will tame,
even Mr. Peel's "untameubly fi-roduns" Irishmen; as
well as suppress English mobs, crying out for em-
ployment and bread, without tl.e use of the bayonet.
*See proceedings on lake Erie— page 416.
j-See several articles on this subject in the WEEK-
LY REGISTER.
VOL. X.
B B
102 KILES? WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, AUGUST 17, 1816.
Progvess of the United States.
DTK
by all
we are told that 5 1 lias been won by our arms and
perpetuated by our laws and institutions. Is this all
possible? What words are the that have cabalisti-
literature: and that, because the fostering care ot'
• -independence is recognized and boasted of| government has been extended to every thing else,
-we are told the day and hour of its birth;! lnere 1S ""room for literature to rise, and little
•'••-• - - prospect or its rising beyond its present condition.
The man who manufactures the most frivolous ar-
ticle of furniture 01- dress, feels secure, through
the guarantee of protecting duties, of meeting
some reward for his labor; but he who produces a
book can have no security, even in the highest
merit, for being rewarded at all. He must place his
work on the same footing with a thousand British
productions, which have overstocked the literary
market, and which booksellers can publish here
without leave or expence. If the proceeds allow the
publishers a sufficiency for their expected profit,
nothing further need be counted upon. There must
be a duty upon the American editions of all foreign
works in our language, or else the condition of our
native literature must still continue to be disrepu-
table to us. The love of literary amusement, or of
fume, will occasionally produce a heartless, faulter-
ing effort. There will float here and there over the
great stream of our nation d prosperity, diminutive
specks of ornament, as wretched specimens per-
haps of the talents that called them forth, as they
may be of that fund of powerful genius which our
country has, in all other departments, shewn itself
possessed of. What is the love of farae — I am afraid
and ashamed to name the feeling, fame, under
such circumstances, when the universal maxim is,
that nothing is honorable but what is profitable:
where even literary taste without hesitation, but
with profound regret, subscribes to the national
sentiment?
With regard to the fine arts it would seem that
they have made a progress disproportioned to our
national increase in wealth and numbers, and much
beyond our improvements in other respects. But
there is no general remark to be made concerning
them but what must naturally enter into, and form
a necessary part, of our account of ihtm — and as
such, must be deferred until the proper occasion.
On education there is a great deal to be said.
There has net been great progress, as from the na-
ture of things there could not be, but amidst great
legislative neglect, there has been much individual
attention paid to this subject.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROVINCE OF COHAU-
ILA, THE NEW KINGDOM OF LEON, NEW
SANTA XDER, AND TEXAS.
Collected from the memorial a f Don 3f. B. de .Im/^e.
(TRANSLATED FROM THE SPANISH.)
The public possess no other account of the beau-
tiful provinces abovementioned, than that given by
Arispe; so that even the government of Spain was
ignorant of this fine portion of their possessions un-
til his valuable document was presented to them.
These four provinces are situated on the north of
New Spain, and extend about 500 leagues in length
on the bay of Mexico, and about 250 leagues in
their greatest width. The division between them
and New Spain, is an elevated chain of mountains,
over which there is but one passage, that at Saltil-
la. The south-eastern part of this region is Cahau-
ila, which extends about 200 leagues in length and
100 in breadth. The chief part of it is elevated,
the climate is healthy, temperate, and in some parts
rather too cold, being sheltered by a range of
mountains from the north winds, so frequent and
intolerable along the coast. The rivers are Medi-
na, or Bravo del Norte (commonly called Rio
Grande) which divides it from Texas; and those of
.Mecillas, St., Doi-nintro, Nadadores, and St. Rosa. —
tal effect, like a decree from heaven, to change at
once the sentiments and condition of a whole peo
pit! We are very far from being independent; we
are not even as much so as some nations that are in
slavery. What we gain in war we lose again in
peace. We do not desire perfect independence; it
would be a savage uncomfortable state, utterly re-
p ignant to our habits : but a better share of it than
we possess, is as necessary for our national honor
<is freedom itself, and more necessary for our hap-
pi-H-ss and security. Or, if the idea seem too mud
Mvironiiiierci.il — be it tker. a well balanced depen-
dence, that c :n be relinquished at the call of dan-
ger, and this is all \ve wish it to be We intend to
make a regular enquiry into our national progress
with regard to knowledge and wealth, and ascer-
tain, if possible, whether or not we have been ap-
proaching the desirable point of true practical in-
dependence; whether the extension of internal sup-
ply has been equal to the extension of public de-
mum!. Whether amidst our positive acquirements
of territory, of numbers, of precarious wealth and
•permanent luxury, our national strength has in-
iveased in proportion to our growth.
We shall furnish a series of statements of the
condition of manufactures, literature and the fine
:u-ts in this countiy, antecedent, and subsequent, to
the revolution; with such brief notice of their pre-
sent condition as may be requisite to shew tha ex-
tent and peculiarities of our national improvement;
together wi'h the causes that have operated, and
those that now operate to retard it.
This appears to us to be the subject that of all
osiers, should most highly in erest the American
patriot. It presents to our view the causes of al-
most all our embarrassments, losses and dangers.
I kmr.v it is hackneyed as well as useless talk to
say, th:>t commerce occasioned our late war. Be it
so still, if still it must be, for we must have some
trade, and no fear of war will drive America from
the ocean, after having so nobly defended her
chaais to the use of it. But hereafter trade must be
conducted upon a new system; and to bring this
stbauv its own necessities are now in self-operation,
producing the desired change. The balance of trade
i.i i .11 :id to be no chimera when it is perceived that
its want of balance has wasted the means of its own
s..ppiy. Afier the regular currency «f the nation
has been dissipated, we are forced" to resort to a
system of universal credit, which has involved in
its operations an infinite series of dark frauds, to
which have been added a variety of alarming mis-
m mage'ments — a state of affairs incapable of con-
tinuance.
Those impolitic and unprincipled schemes, the
brood of a wasting- commerce, must be put down,
and that commerce, hitherto destructive of manu-
factures, must in the course of things become sub-
servient to them. It must assimilate itself with new-
plans of national policy; for it cannot now subject
vis to the pitiable precarious destinies of a province.
We shall be taught to look to ourselves.
Under the most disheartening measures and
events of the most disastrous times, still enterprize,
the first trait in our national character, has displayed
itself, as well in mechanical improvements and even
in poor reprobated manufactures, as in trade itself
— 1:1 every thing: but the production of a national
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTERS-PROVINCE OF COHAUILA, &c. 403
There are numerous mines of salt-petre, copperas,
allum, lead, tin and copper; besides silver in St. Ro-
sa and gold in the mountains of del Sacramento,,
On the west of this province lies the new king-
dom of Leon. Its climate is hot, as it lies within
the interior of the range of mountains abovemen-
tioned, and the parts adjacent to the mountains
are unhealthy. The rivers are very numerous, of
which the principal are Boca de Leones, Sulado, Sa-
vinas and Salinas. The beasts of prey abound in
the forests, and are extremely mischievous to the
cattle. It abounds in mines of saltpetre, sulphur,
lead, tin and silver. The mines of the latter, at
Iguana, caused an epoch in the annals of mining, as
no other such mines have ever been seen. There
they cut the silver out with chUsels, and are not
under the necessity of melting it, except to regu-
late the alloy and coin it. But as the territory has
been occupied by savages until lately, those trea-
sures have lain neglected.
New Santander lies on the north-east of those
abovementioued. It is 140 leagues from north to
south, and 70 from east to west. It lies on the gulf
of Mexico, and has the ports of Altamiro, Soto de
la Marina and Carboneras. The principal rivers
are Pilancita, Baranca, Real de Borbon, Altamos,
Meco, Hayas, Yera, Purification and St. Engracia,
besides many of lesser note. The climate of the
interior is cool; the rest of the province is hot, but
in general healthy, being refreshed by the sea bree-
zes, which never fail during the summer months. —
Its forests produce all the valuable kinds of Ame-
rican timber, and one kind peculiar, called the stone
tree, from the tendency its wood has to petrify in wa-
ter. Many parts abound with tea, indigo, wild cochi-
neal, sassaparilla, and a variety of valuable medici-
nal plants. The common metals are more plenti-
ful, than in any of the other provinces; besides, both
gold and silver are indicated, though on account
of the wretched management of the government
they are neglected.
Texas is above 300 leagues in length and 100 in
breadth. Its eastern boundary is the gulf of Mexi-
co and the Sabine river — the western boundary of
Louisiana state. The streams are very numerous,
of which the chief are the Nueces, Guadalupe, Co-
lorado, Brazos de Dios, Trinidad, N aches, Nacog-
doches, Sabine and Red river or Natchitoches, on
\vhose banks is situated the town of that name, the
first in Louisiana. From the Rio Grande north-
ward to the Trinidad, the country abounds with
pasturr.ge; but beyond the latter river commence
the great pine forests, whose soil is generally a
dry sand.
The climate of Texas is healthy, tapugh hot in
summer, and so cold in winter that they have SHOW.
The productions are nearly the same as in the other
provinces, except that it does not seem to contain
any of the precious metals or much of the useful
ones. The city of Chihuahua is th capital of Co-
hauila; and the chief towns are St. Jago de Sultillo,
which contains above 10,000 inhabitants; St. Maria
de la Parrus, about the same size; Montciovu, above
6,000; and a great number of smaller ones.
New Leon has the city of Monterry, which, in-
cluding the district, contains onlv about 9,000 souls
— and the city of Linares, somewhat smaller. Be-
sides; there are the towns of Cadereyta, Scrralvo,
und three or four others, with six or seven villages.
The province has about 70,OuO Spaniards.
In New Santander, is the city of Horcasitas: the
veales of Sun Nicolas and Santiago de Borbon, of
which the latter contains about 3000 inhabitants. —
There are reckoned 76 *o\vn«,» among whb'i is
Carlos, Huyos, Altumira and Agti:n o. The inhabi-
tants are estimated at 60,000, although it In-i'-.vi to
be settled only about the middle of the last ceiU-iry.
The principal towns of Texas are San Fernando,
Real Presidio de .st.n Antonio de Bi-jur, de In Bahia,
del Espiritu, Ifacogdochet, and S.m Josse.
The government of those provinces consists of a
mixture of civil and mi iutrv po'.vcr, wre'chullv ma-
naged. A commandant-general, independent of the
viceroy of Mexico, lias 'he direc-.iou of military mat-
ters in the two provinces of Cohauilu. and Texus. L'n-
der him are two governors, who have co£:ii/. nice of
all causes. But the police is reg-ila'.ed by the com-
mandant general, and financial matters by the intc-n-
dant of Sun Luis Potosi. Appeals in civil c;iU-;--s .vre
to the royal audience of New GaliicLi, 600 leagues
in tie commandant's residence.
New Leon and New Santander have each a mili-
tary and civil governor, possessing absolute power,
except that they are controlaMe in matters relative
to war a.ul police by the viceroy of Mexico, two
tumdred — and to some three hundred ie.iguc.s dis-
tant; and in matters of finance bv the intend:;!'.', cf
San Louis Potosi, with appeal to the supreme coun-
cil of Mexico.
Those uncontrolable governors, for practically
they all are so, are promoted from the rank of cap-
tain, major, or colonel at most: and of course are
scandalously ignorant of law, and of civil matters
generally; for in that country they begin their n.i-
litary education in boyhood, and neglect all other
kinds of learning. Tliei;- commissions can only be
procured by intrigue, bribery and viic humiliation;
and when procured, their salaries are not half ade-
quate to their support; they find themselves, there-
fore, on entering into the duties of their posts,
compelled to adopt the usual system of corruption,
or abandon the commissions for which probably .til
their wealth had been expended. They are oblig-
ed to become the tools of rich influential .scoun-
drels, and make a traffic of the forms of justice, or
else sink at once. Which alternative such men
will choose is easily imagined. There is no other
such government in the world, as this: the most
lawless chief tuin of a savage horde has some check
on his conduct — his power must depend upon the
acquiescence of the multitude or upon some autho-
rity tliat can correct: but here no one dare appeal
to the only powers that could afford redress for in-
juries. The tribunals of appeal arc from 100 to CJO
leagues from the people that would choose to re-
sort to them. "I have," says Arispe, in one p a-t
of his memorial, "many times known respectable
oud useful citizens suiter such scandalous vexations,
and even die broken hearted, finding it impossible
to vindicate their honor, or recover their property."
"1 have," says he ugnin, "seen the families of those
who have undertaken to' defend themselves totally
ruined in consequence."
There is a self-organizing1 power that pervades
every thing, tending every where to the production
of system. So here there is a necessary co-operation
among the possessors of power to retain vice mid
stupidity in every department, and ignorance and,
meanness among every portion of the people. Our
readers would be ti. ed and indignant were \ve to
attempt a detail of the many grievance* which de A-
rispe's work so fully exposes: it is sufficient just U>
say,thatas all power among them partakes of the mi-
litary diameter, all offices are filled by that class —
"captains of companies being perpetual judges, the
lieutenants sole regidores, mid the Serjeants attor-
neys-general; with the original provision, that the
rxwcis?. "-" those employments 1A\:<\\ fblkny the
MLES3 WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, AUGUST 17, 1816.
course provided by the military ordinances. Thus, CLAKE, that all men are born equally free and inri-r-
u seneant or a corpora' may become a judge in the pendent, and have ceriain natural, inherent ami
absence of their superiors. This is generally the unalterable riglits: among which are the enjoyment,
case, if not otherwise ordered by the governor, j and defending life and liberty, and of acquiring,
\vliich very seldom happens." possessing and protecting property, and pursuing
I'.ut the* worst sc
mercantile system.
a.
courge of these provinces is their [and obtaining happiness and safety.
. In the whole kingdom of Mex- Sec. 2 That all power is inherent in tlie people;
'
ico there is but one free port, La Vera
Cadiz, goods are received from England arid else-
where, at second-hand; in Vera Cruz at tlie third;
in .Mexico-, at Queretaro or Zacatecas, at the fourth,
in the great fair of Saltillo at tlie fifth, where .they
:ive distributed through these provinces; and, at
the towns where they are sold finally, at the sixth
hand! Hcsicles all the expences of such enormous-
ly circuitous carriage, together with freight, du-
ties, &c. there is a tax called alcavala paid on eve-
ry sale. The amount of this imposition varies from
2$ ti>rj per cent, and applies to every thing fo-
reign and domestic— even their garden stuffs are
not exempt. At the same time these provinces
have natural harbors of their own, better than Vera
f>uz: such tor instance areTamaigua.Tuspan, Tam-
pico, Altamir:i,Soto dela Marina, lirazo de Santia-
go and San Uernado. What must be the supply of
that country whose goods are carried a thousand
leagues and "subjected to an extortioning monopoly,
togvther with a frightful multiplication of charges.
\V'c are informed that this don M. 11. de Arispe, cu-
rate of Borhon, who dared to present to the Spanish
government a picture of the despotism under which
th se regions groaned, was expelled from the cortes,
of which hew-as a member, and outlawed by the still
more unprincipled government which has succeeded
ti at body: and that a return to those life native pro*
vince-i is precluded by the nature of his account of
the constituted authorities there: that no country re-
ina n to him, and therefore he is now a wanderer in
the United States. He is a- man of excellent talents
and all free governments are founded on their au-
tnority, and instituted for their, peace, safety and
happiness. For the advancement of these ends, they
have at all times an unalienable and indefeasible
right to alter or reform their government in such
manner as they may deem proper.
Sec. 3. That all men have a natural and indefea-
sible right to worship Almighty God according to
the dictates of their consciences, thut no man shall
be compelled to attend, erect or support any place
of worship, or to maintain any ministry against his
consent: that no human authority can, in any case
whatever, control or interfere with the rights of
conscience: awl that no preference shall ever be
given by law to any religious societies, or modes
of worship; and up religious test shall be required
as a qualification to any office of trust or profit.
See. 4. That elections shall be free :.nd eqiuti.
Sec. 5. That in all civil cases, where the value in
controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, and in ail
criminal cases, except in petit misdemeanors, which
shall be punishable by fine only, not exceeding-
three dollars, in such manner as the legislature may
prescribe by law, the right of trial by jury shall re-
main inviolate.
S-ec. 6. That no power of suspending the opera-
tion of the laws shall be exercised, except by the
legislature or its authority.
Sec. 7. That no man's particular services shall
be demanded, or property taken or applied to pub-
lic use, without the consent of his representatives,
or without a just compensation being made thcre-
i for.
and learning, but possessed an ardent love of coun- Ior-
try, unsuitable to the times and places in which he Sec- 8- The riglits of the people to be secure i
i*» i^i. • r> A j i • . ^ < tllCir DP.r^rM^x It/titcpu n'm^i-c oiirl n£Ff*/*tti ncrninc
then ibfortune to live.
Constitution of Indiana,
Adopted in convention at Corydon, on the 29th
day of June, 1816, and of the independence of
the United States the fortieth.
We, the representatives of the people of the ter-
ritory of Indiana, in convention met at Corydon, on
Monday the 10th day of June, in the year of our
Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixteen, and
of the independence of the United States, the for-
tieth, having the right of admission into the general
their persons, houses,, papers and effects, against
unreasonable searcaes and seizures shall not be vio-
ilated; and no warrant shall issue but upon probable
'cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and parti-
| cuhirly describing the place to be searched, and the
persons or things to be seized.
Sec. 9. That the printing presses shall be free-
to every person who undertakes to examine the.
proceedings of the legislature, or any branch of
government; and no law shall be made to restrain
the right thereof. The free communication of
thoughts and opinions is one of the invaluable rights
of man; and every ci'izen may freely speak, write
and print, on any subject, being responsible for the
government, as a nvember of the- union, consistent ! abuse of that liberty,
with the constitution of the United States, the or-1 Sec. 10. In prosecutions for the publication of
diiKuice of congress of one thousand seven hundred i papers investigating- the official conduct of officers
mid eighty stven, and the law of congress, entitled I or men in a public capacity, or where the matter
"an uci to" enable the people of Indiana territory to I published is proper for the public information, the
form a constitution and state government, and for 1 truth thereof may be given in evidence: and in all
the admission of such state into the union on an indictments for libels, the jury shall have a right.
footing with the original states," in order to
establish justice, promote tlie welfare, and secure
the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our poste-
rity, do ordain and establish the following- cons Litu.
to determine the law and
e jti:
the
facts, under the di-
rection of the court as in other
Sec. 11. That all courts shall be open, and every
person for an injury done him in his lands, goods,
lion or form of government; and do mutually agree J person or reputation, shall have remedy by the due
•with each othe to form ourselves into a free und i course of law: and right and justice administered,
independent state, by the name of the state of j without denial or delay.
Indiana. Sec. 12. That no person arrested or confined in
ARTICLE I. ijail shall be treated with unnecessary rigor, or be
Sec. 1. That the general, great, am! essential 'put to an:; ,\vr any criminal charge but by present-
principles of liberty and free government may be' ment, indictment or impeachment.
und unalterably established, wi;" T.E-J i-'cc. 1,3. That in all criminal prosecutions, the
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— IMPORTANT LAW CASE.
405
Accused hath a rig-lit to be heard by himself and iho state courts, to hear and determine CUSPS of
co n e to demand the ji tire ::iul cause of the nfractionsof the penal or rertnue laws of the Unit-
ncc s i^ion against him, and to nave a copy thereof:
to meei the witnesses f> ce to face, to have rompul-
sorv process for obtaining witnesses in his favor:
and in prosecutions by indictment or presentment,
A speedy public triil by an impartial jury of the
county or district in which the offence shall have
been committed? and shall not be compelled to
give evidence against himself, nor shall he twice
be put in jeopardy for the same offence.
Sec. 14. That all persons shall be bailable by
Sufficient sureties, unless for capital offences, when
the proof is evident, or the presumption great; and
the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not
be suspended, unless in case of rebellion or inva-
sion the public safety may require it.
Sec. 15. Excessive bail shall not be required, ex-
cessive fines shall not be imposed, noi* cruel and
wnu -iii-al punishments inflicted.
Sec. 16. All penalties shall be in proportion to
the nature of the offence.
Sec. 17. The person of a debtor, where there is
Flo* strong presumption of fraud, shall not be con-
tinued in prison after delivering up his estate for
the benefit of his creditor or creditors, in such
manner as shall be prescribed by law.
Sec. 18. No expost facto law, nor any law impair-
ing the validity of contracts, shall ever be made
and no conviction shall work corruption of blood,
nor ttie forfeiture of estate.
Sec. 19. That the people have a right to assem-
ble together in a peaceable manner, to consult for
common good, to instruct their representa-
tives, and to apply to the legislature for a redress
of grievances.
Sec. 20. That the people have a right to bear
£.rms for the defence of themselves and their state
and that the military shall be kept in strict subor
dination to the civil power.
Sec. 21. That no soldier shall in time of peace be
quartered in any house without the consent of the
owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to b
prescribed by law.
Sec. 22. The legislature shall not grant any title
of nobility, or hereditary distinctions, nor creat
any office, the appointment to which shall be for a
longer term than good behavior.
Sec. 23- That emigration from the state shal
not be prohibited.
Sec. 24. To guard against any encroachments or
the rights herein retained, we declare, that ever)
thing 'in this article is excepted out of the genera
powers of government, and shall forever remain
inviolable.
ARTICLE II.
The powers of the government of Indiana shall
be divided into three distinct departments, and _ _ ^ _ _ ^
each of them be confided to a separate body of! states prosecute for offences against their laws iu
magistracy, to wit: those which are legislative* to ! tjlejr stale courts ?
one; those which are executive, to another; and This will depend upon the constitution of the
, those which are judiciary, to another; and no per- 1 United states, and the constitution of this state.
son, or collection of persons, being of one of those | The stilte Of Ohio is a sovereign and independent
departments, shall exercise any power properly at- 1 state. not controlable by any earthly power in the
taclied to either of the others, except in the in-jfliakinir or administration of" its law's, except only
! States. The question was la e'.v in Virginia be-
ore the superior court of that commonw. alt ,, ..n.l
determination had adverse to the jurisdiction.
r '•€ question was raised in the last court of ro im O'\
>leas in this county, and a decision had adverse to
he jurisdiction. As this decision is upon a law
question of much importance to the whole country,
have requested a copy of judge Tappan's opinion,
nd herewith inclose it to you for publication in
he Herald. Yours, B.
United States vs. Jllexaniler
Information filed by 3. C. Wright, collector of
he revenue for the 6th collection district of Ohio,
igainst Alexander Campbell, for selling domestic
listitled spirits without a licence therefor from
the collector, contrary to the act of congress in
such case made and provided, and praying "that
the said Alexander Campbell may forfeit and p.iy
10 the said United States the sum of 150 dollars
penalty, and also the farther sum of 15 dollars duty,
by law imposed upon a licence to i-etuil," &c. "ac-
cording to the provisions of the acts of congress iii
such cases made and provided," ike.
The defendant filed the following exceptions to
the jurisdiction of this court.
"And the said Alexander Campbell says, that
the information filed against him by John C. Wright,
collector, contains no matter or thing to which he
the said Alexander is in this court boun:l to answer,
for that the retailing liquor by the q-iart is not an
offence against any of the laws of the stale of Ohio,
of offences against which laws only this court can
take jurisdiction — and for that also by the constitu-
tion of the state of Ohio no man can be held to
answer any offence in the courts of the said state
except upon indictment or presentment of a grand
jury; wherefore the said Alexander prays that he
may be discharged from answering said information,
and that the same may be quashed. — C. Hammond,
attorney for defendant."
This is a very important ques-
tion of jurisdiction, upon which", if I had doubts,
I would take further tiine to deliberate before
giving an opinion; as I have none, I will not delay
the cause by a continuance, but proceed to give
my opinion notwithstanding the pressure of business
may prevent my adverting to many of the reasons
and grounds whereon that opinion is founded.
There can be no hesitation in asserting that a
proceeding by information is a criminal prosecution,
and that it hat!) always been used as such— 4;b Bl.
Com. chap. 2.3d, the king vs. H^rchet and others,
1st Shower 106 — I refer to these uvvthqrities as fullv
supporting both propositions.
The first question will then be, can the United
stances herein expressly permitted.
(£/The remainder of the constitution defines the of tjiat sovereignty
powers, &c. of Uie thr-ee branches of the government. > fejerai constitution,.
in such particulars as it hath delegated a portion
to the United States by the
and as it hath limited itself
I in the exercise of power by the s;tme constitution.
The constitution of tbe United States creates ;;
distinct and separate government from the several
• state governments, and it delegates specific and
Important Law Case.
From the Western Hcrnld.
For some time since, doubts have been entertained limited powers u> the government so created. By
33 '.o th2 povrer of congress to vest jurisdiction jo! the 3d article, sections 1st and 2d, "The judicial
408 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, AUGUST 17, 1816.
power of the United States shall be vested in one
supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the
congress may from time to time order and esta-
blish"—and "The judicial power shall extend to
all cases in law and equity arising under this con-
stitnt ion, the laws of the United States, and treaties
made, or which shall be made, under their authority;
to all cases affecting1 ambassadors, other public
ministers, and consuls; to all cases of admiralty,
and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which
the United States shall be a
judicial power of the United States extends to
An opinion has been read, in which it is stated
that the 3d article of the constitution of the United
States vests in the government of the United States
a privil'je of having1 their causes determined in
their own courts, and that this privilege may be
waived by them — by the 1st art. of the constitu-
tion, the legislative powers of the United States
are vested in congress — by the 2d art. the executive
power of the United States is vested in a president.
I do not see \v~hy this doctrine of privilege and
&c. The j -waiver, may not with an much reason be applied
the
now before this court, and that power
to the legislative and executive as to the judicial
power, and so the whole government of the United
States -waived. This theory is new, it is beyond my
comprehension.
The second question raised in this case is, whe-
ther this court can sustain a criminal prosecution
by information under the constitution of this state.
By the 10th section of the 8th article of the
the state courts, or U> require the performance constitution of Ohio, it is declared, "That no per-
of any judicial duties of them; it cannot be said •, son arrested or confined in jail shall be put to an-
--" '-'--'--J ' swer any criminal charge but by presentment, indict-
is wholly vested in the United States' courts;
the supreme court of the United States hath an
appellate jurisdiction in all controversies to which
the United Slates shall be a party; there is no
cla'-se in the constitution of the United States
which authorises congress to give jurisdiction to
that congress hy their laws ordained and established
us acoui-f of the United States, for by the operation
of the 8th sect, of the 3d article of the constitu-
tion of this state, if such were the fact, we should
ment, or impeachment."
An information is as much a criminal prosecution
as an indictment; the same proccess issues on the
ce;:se to be a state court; and will it be imagined one as on the other, to bring the preson charged
r informed against before the court, and that
>rocess with us is a capias — the defendant hath
•een taken by a capias and is now holdento answer
his information.
I think that a fair construction of our constitu-
tion requires us to say, that the proceeding by
information is prohibited by it. If we examine the
listory of informations, we shall find that they
lave crept into use against the plain meaning of
Magna Charta; that although in England a series of
jrecedents support them, yet they are neither suited
o our principles of government nor countenanced
or permitted by the state constitution. Such is the
unanimous opinion of the court.
Treaty of Marriage,
Between her royal highness princess Charlotte Au-
gusta, and his serene highness Leopold George
Frederick, duke of Saxe, margrave of Meissen,
landgrave of Thuringuen, prince of Cobourg of
Saalfield, &c. Signed at London, March 18, 1816.
Presented to both houses of parliament, by com-
mand of his royal highness the prince regent.
IN THE NAME OT AlMTOHTY GOD,
Be it known unto all men, by these presents, that
whereas his royal highness the prince regent, act-
ing- in the name and on the behalf of his most sacred
mnjesty George the third, by the grace of God,
king of the united kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, has adjugecl it proper that an alliance should
be contracted between the family of his majesty and
that of his serene highness Leopold George PYede-
rick, duke of Saxe, margrave of Meifrsen, landgrave
of Thuringuen, prince of Cobourg of Saalfield, &c.
&c. and has, therefore, in the name and on the be-
half of his majesty, consented, with the full agree-
ment of the parties interested, that amarriage shall
be celebrated between the most high and illustrious
princess Charlotte Augusta, daughter of his royal
highness the prince of Wales, regent of the united
kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his se-
rene highness Leopold George Frederick, duke of
Saxe, margrave of Meissen, landgrave of Thurin-
guen, prince of Cobourg of Saalfield, &c. &c.
In order, therefore, to attain so desirable an end,
and to treat, conclude and confirm, the articles ot"
the said carriage, his royal highness the prince re-
that an Appeal cun be taken from this court to the
supreme court of the United States ? The powers
not delegated to the United States by the constitu-
tion nre expressly reserved to the states or to the
people; it follows necessarily and clearly to my mindj
that congress have no power to vest any jurisdiction
whatever in the state courts.
Tins is a criminal prosecution; it may well be
doubted whether one sovereign state can sue in
the municipal courts of another state; but waving
this point as not necessary to be here decided, 1
assume it to be a settled principle in jurisprudence,
that one sovereign stave cannot make use of the
municipal courts of another government, to enforce
its penal laws. No one would doubt for an instant,
if the government of Great Britain or France, or
even one of the other states of the Union, were
to attempt to maintain a criminal prosecution in
our courts, that it would not be permitted; and
yet, as to its judicial power, and its penal laws,
the government of the United States is as mucl
*n independent state and separate government, as
Great Britain, France, or either of the United States
It hath been urged, that the constitution gives
to congress the power to lay and collect taxes
duties, imposts, excises, &c. and to make all laws
which shall be necessary and proper for carrying
th.a power into execution; that to collect the ex
cise they have judged it necessary to vest a juris
diction in certain cases in the state courts. If the]
have judged it to be necessary, they have been
mistaken — convenience is not necessity — their own
tribunals are sufficient to enforce their laws. I
it be true, that congress, under this provision o
the constitution, may pass any laws they deem ne
ccssary, to carry their specific powers into execu
tion, and are themselves the sole judges of sucl
necessity, where are they to stop r Possessing
the sword and the purse of the whole confederacy
nothing more than the establishment of such a
principle is wanting to vest congress with absolute
powe\-, and to effect a complete consolidation o
*he states. We have seen that the constitution o
the United States doth not give congress the pow-
er of vesting jurisdiction in the state courts — tin
constitution and laws of Ohio do not give us juris
diction, nor can we sustain it on general princi
lav/,
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— TREATY OF MARRIAGE. 407
#ent, in the name arid on the behalf of his majesty, ai
well as his serene highness Leopold George Fredc
rick, duke of Saxe, margrave of Meissen, landgr:iv<
«*>f Thuringuen, prince ofCobourg of Saalfield, &c
Sec. have named, and authorised mutually, viz. —
His royal highness the prince regent, in the name
and on the behalf of his majesty, the most reverent
father in God, his right trusty and entirely beloved
counsellor, Charles Manners "Sutton, archbishop of
Canterbury, primate of all England, and metropoli
tan; his right trusty and well beloved John lord El
•don, chancellor of Great Britain; his right trusU
and \vell beloved couzin and counsellor Dudley, earl
of Harrowby, president of his majesty's council; his
right trusty and well beloved couzin and counsellor
Henry earl Butlmrst, one of his majesty's principal
secretaries of state; his right trusty and well be-
loved couzin and counsellor Robert Banks, earl o'
Liverpool, first commissioner of his majesty's trea
sury; his right trusty and well beloved counsellor
Robert Stewart, commonly called viscount Castle-
reagh, one of his majesty's principal secretaries of
state; his right trusty and well beloved counselioi
ilenry viscount Sidmoulh, one other of liis majesty's
principal secretaries of state; and his right trusty aiK
well beloved counsellor Nicholas Vansittart, c.han
ccllor and under treasurer of his majesty's exche-
quer.
And his said serene hign ess Leopold George Fre
dehck, duke of Saxe, margrave of Meissen, land-
grave of Thuringuen, prince ofCobourg of Saalfield,
&c. &c. 'William Augustus baron de Just, privy coun-
sellor of his majesty the king of Saxony, his envoy
extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to his
Britannic majesty, king of Hanover, and commander
of the order of civil merit of Saxony; who, by virtue
of their respective full powers, which they have mu-
tually communicated and exchanged, have conclud-
ed and agreed upon the following articles, viz. —
Article 1- It is concluded and agreed that the mar-
riage between her royal highness princess Charlotte
Augusta and his serene highness Leopold George
Frederick, duke of Saxe, margrave of Meissen, land-
grave of Thuringuen, prince of Cobourg of Saalfield,
£c. &c. shall be solemnized in that part of the unit-
ed kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, called
Great Britain, both being present, according to tl^
due tenor of the law of England, and the rights and
ceremonies of the church of the united kingdom,
as SOOK as the same may conveniently be done.
Article 2. His royal highness the prince regent,
acting in the name and on the behalf of his majesty,
the king of the united kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, promises to secure to her royal highness
princess Charlotte Augusta, and to his serene high-
ness Leopold George Frederick, duke of Saxe, mar-
grave of Meissen, landgrave of Thuringuen, prince
of Cobourg of Saalfield, &.c. &c. during their joint
lives, and to the survivor of them, the annual sums
hereinafter mentioned: tUat is to say, during their
joint lives, the annual sum of sixty thousand pounds,
to be paid quarterly; ten thousand pounds of which
annual sum, also to be paid quarterly, shall be grant-
ed unto commissioners, named for that purpose by
his royal highness the prince regent, acting as afore-
said, to be by them received for the sole and sepa-
rate use of the said princess, notwithstanding her
marriage state, and without his serene highness
Leopold George Frederick, duke of Saxe, margrave
of Meissen, landgrave of Thuringuen, prince of Co-
bourg of Saalfield, &c. &c. having any power over
the same, and which, annual sum of ten thousand
pounds, to be paid quarterfy, the saic1 princess shall
not have power, either separately or conjointly v.'ith
his serene highness Leopold George Frederick, duke
of Saxe, margrave of Meissen, landgrave of Thiu in-
guen, prince ofCobourg of Saul;
alienate, mortgage or receive, or direct to Lr p;i; 1
by way of anticipation, but the same »1
time to time, as the same shall bccouu- d>
and payable into the proper hands of the princess
alone, upon her own sole receipt, or to such ];
or persons to whom she shall, by writing, signed bv
herself alone, from time to time, us the •
become due, direct and order the same to be pui .!,
or otherwise to receive the s:;mc on her
lalf.
Article 3. Ills royal highness the prince :•' a
icting as aforesaid, engages to secure to her royal
highness princess Charlotte AuguMa, t!y> ar.n:i;.l
sum of sixty thousand pounds, to bo p.-:iu u> !HT
during her "life, in case her royal hi^'mrs.-;
survive his serene highness Leopold (Ji-ori^j I';e-
derick, dtike of S;,xe, margrave of Meissen, 1 <nd-
grave of Thuringuen, prince ofCobourg o*'S .aMieid,
&c. &c. such annual sum to commence in p.vi
from the death of hi* serene. 1 ;
George Frederick, duke of S«xc, v
sen, Landgrave of Thuriiigiifii, prince . ~
of Saalfield, &c. &C. in the lifetime of l.c-r :ovui
highness princess Charlotte Augusta, and to 're
paid quarterly; and the first quarterly payn.ent i.-i
to be made at the end of three calender" mon hs
after such his decease, when the said annuity, paya-
ble during their joint lives, is to determine.
And his royal highness the prhce regent, sn
acting as aforesaid, further engager, to sicuiv to
iiis serene highness Leopold George Frederic-:-:,
iuke of Saxe, margrave of Meissen, landgrave <•,'"
rhuringuen, prince of Cobourg of S.ulfield, kc. Sir
the annual sum of fifty thousand pounds, to be p d t
to him during his life, in case be shall survive 1.,-
royal highness princess Charlotte Augusta; sue.:.
cinnual sum to commence in payment fiom the <;
of her royal highness, in the" lifetime of his r<r, ..(
lighness, and to be paid quarterly, and the
quarterly payment to be made at the end of t}.iv«
calendar months after such her decease, when ii.i
said annuity, payable during their joint lives, is to
.letermiKie.
Article 4. The son or daughter, or aesccndu.v..
of the said marriage for the time being, next ,
succession to the crown of the united kingdom
G. Britain and Ireland after the princess Charip
Augusta, shall be brought up in such manner ,
majesty the king of the united kingdom of t
Britain and Ireland, or his successors, m:iy
pleased to direct, and no children of this mui-f
shall be allowed to marry without the consent •
majesty the king of the united kingdom of U
Britain and Ireland, or his successors fur the ;i ..-,.
eing.
Article 5. It is understood and agreed that h-, -
•oyal highness princess Charlotte Augusta
lot, at any time, leave the united kingdom wh
.he permission, in writing, of his majesty, <
he prince regent, acting in the name and on ii;
jehalf of his majesty, and without her royal hi"-:.>.-
less's own consent.'
And in the event of her royal highness f
ibsent from this country, in consequence of
lermission of his majesty, or of the prince re"
nd of her own consent, such residence abroad sh ,ii
,1 no case be protracted beyond the term appro-, ,
y his majesty, or the prince regent, anj consented
o by her royal highness. — And it shall be coin]; t
or her royal highness to return to this cowntrv ..
we the expiration of such term, either iu cbi
408 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTERS-SATURDAY* AUGUST 17, 1816,
qucnce of directions for that purpose, in writing1,
from his majesty, or from the prince regent, or at
he." o-.vn pleasure.
At- tick 6. This treaty shall be ratified by his royal
highness the prince regent on behalf of Ms majesty,
and by his said serene highness, and the ratifica-
tions shall be exchanged in ten days, or sooner, if
possible.
In witness whereof, the respective plenipoten-
tiaries have signed it, and have affixed thereunto the
seal'; of their arms.
Done at London, the thirteenth day of March, one
thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
(L. S.) C. CANTERBURY,
(L. S.) ELDON, C.
(L. S.) HARROVVHY, P.
(L, S.) BAT HURST,
(L. S.) LIVERPOOL,
(L. S.) CASTKREAGH,
(L. S.) SIDMOUTH,
(L. S.) N. VANSITTART,
(L. S.) Haron DE JUST.
Jldditiwhl crticte. It is hereby expressly declared,
tha no article or provision, conikined in the treaty
of marriage signed this dav, shall in any manner,
be taken, or deemed to affect, or prejudice am
right or prerogative of his majesty, his heirs or
successors, touching or concerning the education or
marriages of any of the children or descendants of
her royal highness princess Charlotte Augusta, or
the education or marriages of any of the royal fami-
ly or their descendants.
The present additional article shall have the same
force and effect, as if it were inserted, word for
word, in the trerty of marriage this day. It shall
be included in the ratification of the said treaty.
In witness whereof the respective plenipoten-
tiaries have signed the same, and have affixed
thereto the seals of their arms.
Done at London, the thirteenth day of March, one
thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
[Signed as above.]
mmmm^mK mmmm*
Emigration — General Distress.
Prom t/te Dublin Evening Past of June 8. — Great
alarm seems to be felt in England, on account of
the disposition to emigrate manifested by all ranks
of the community. The middling orders, endeavor-
ing to save something from the wreck of their for-
tunes, are collecting in various parts of the country
with a view to exportation,- nay, we have heard,
that three villages, or what we in Ireland, perhaps,
might call handsome country-towns, have had meet-
ings sufficiently open when the plan of emigration
was regularly discussed, and the practicability of
its accomplishment unanimously admitted. As they
were principally small farmers, agricultural pur-
suits were those which occurred to them; but as
they \vere aware of the extraordinary value of labor
in America, they felt this circumstance as a serious
impediment to their project It was then proposed
to article a certain number of laborers out of em-
ployment for two years, with their passage free, at
a reasonable salary. When it was known to the
common people, the difficulty was not in the en-
gagement but in the selection of objects. However,
determined to do nothing unadvisedly, they chose
two delegates, one of them being their curate, to
£o to the seat of the American government to make
the proper inquiries, and to pave the way for the
young colony. The deputies are now actually on
their voyage.
It is no wonder that such an event as this should
excite alarm. In itself, perhaps, it is of no great
consequence whether 800 or IGuO individuals re-
main or depart from the country; but it is its i».r-
ample. If it should become systematic, and while
distress and taxes continue, there is every danger
that it may become so — there is no conjecturing
where it will terminate. The trading towns, or wo
should have said, the towns which were once the
scenes of trade and business, will Assemble next —
and we feel persuaded that the only impediment
presented to the tide of population in its westerly
course, will be the difficulty of transportation, and
want of adequate means to support the intermedi-
ate period of the voyage.
We shall here insert a letter from our correspon-
dent, which we received yesterday. It is on this
very extraordinary impulse which the times U«ve
communicated to the people of England :
London— Howla;/ nigkt.
"We are sorry to learn, that the emigration from thi's country
to America rather increases than diminishes. The most of our
ships in the West-Indies, it is stated, have been deserted by tlie
seamen, who have been tempted to try their foi tunes in America,
insomuch that aU the ships that hav<- recently wiled for the West,-
Indii-s, have IK-HI almost doubly manmd, in order to fill up the
vacancies abroad, and to get to England the bomeward-bound
Ueet."
We say nothing of the sailors, for they are blame-
able in deserting their allegiance; but can the peo-
ple, as sorae shallow men pretend, be blamed for
flying from misery and destruction P \t is not tie-
lied' that the most horrible distress prevails in
England. "We shall give a few paragraphs from the
London papers of Monday, which, if proof were
wanted, affords most melancholy evidence of ths
fact :
"Several hundred persons have vecrr.tlv been discharged from
the iron works and mii.es. in the neighborhood of W.llinguHi,
Ketly, Coalpit. Bank, Ironhridge, &c. in consequence of the de~
pressed state of trade. At Wellington, in particular, the distress of
the lower order is very great. O: Sunday sen'night the town w;/s
literally crowded with persons out of employ, many of whom v«
vain applied to the recruiting parties."
Who can blame these men if they wish to go to
America, where they are sure of getting employ-
ment—of being well'paid for their labor— of sleep-
ing well, and of eating well? No one, surely, ex-
cept the inconsiderate. But, unfortunately, people
in the condition of these laborers, often leavf
their families behind them, a burden to the parish.
The following is an extract from a London journal
on the subject :
" Numbers of the laboring poor who have npplkd at the dif-
ferent sessions for certificates to tnalile them to go to America,
have been wicked enough to leave behind them \h< ir wives and
children to be supported by the parishes from which they hav •
fled."
" How hard this is upon the remaining occupants it is not rir
They can scarcely support themselves. It is tn
II provi
cial towns throughout
ctahle familes have
enormous weight
cessary to say. 1 bey can searc<
credible," says the Globe, "in the i
England, what a number of drcent and respect;
sunk through the distresses of the timi s, and the
of taxation, into bankruptcy and obscurity."
Sucli is the state of the country, and such are.
the people whom the well-fed hirelings blame for a
wish to change the glorious and expensive constitu-
tion of England, for the rude but plentiful democracy
of America.
But it is not to America alone that emigrants
betake themselves. By the following paragraph
it should seem, that the Russian government are
offering tempting baits to the wretched artisan.
" There is a report, of the accuracy of which we do not pr.teml
to judge, that measures have be< n taken to induce many of our
artisans to go to Hu«ia. Certainly ihe Russians hare recently
had extraordinary opportunities ol obtaining information respecting
every thing particular, both in the machinery and management of
British manufactures."
The Duchess of OLDENBURG, it is well known,
made it her particular business to attain a knowledge
of our arts, manufactures and institutions; and it is
said that there are at this moment some Russian
agents in various parts of the country. But Russia.
N1LES' \VKKKLV U KGlSTKKr- FOREIGN ARTICLK8.
409
ss not a tempting1 climate, nor is the government
qne that a man educated in liberal ideas should wish
to live under.
We have given the foregoing particulars, merely
as illustrations of the state of the country. We
shall now g-ive some general views, some totals of
distress, sufficient to startle the most insensible:
Bankruptcies in the London Gazette for the last
month, 218!!
Failures not in the Gazette, at least 20001'
Compositions cannot he under 10,000
Insolvents, who have no assets at all, innumerable.
Ho\v is it possible that this state of society can
Stand ?
We shall rw- ;• ivc the English commercial report:
" Trade of all kinds, domestic and foreign, is suspended in the
Biitish Islands. The custom-house of London has not lately had
tmployment fur iu clerks; and the want of for- ign trade, or Us
limitation to mere colonial produc. . has been telt by ev.'ry brunch, of
industry Nor are the mischiefs confined to merchants, nankers and
ruauufacturers; but retail r* and shopkeepers of every di'iiomina-
tion have suffered, and art- suffering, from the distr fses of th.-ir
customers, the farmers, or uf the land-owners who derive I their
income front the farmers. Our increasing list of !)anUrnptcie*
ail
\vill illustrate these statements; font the f
are to the bankruptcies at least as ten ;.
ures and compositions
one. There being no
currency but paper, ajid the bank of England issuii
only for creditable, bills, wnich are at present diminished for want
of real transactions of business; a scarcity even of paper curr ncy
has tended to nugin^nt, and, in many cas-.-s to create, tht- difficulties
uf the people. The remedy is happily within the /tower of government,
by reducing one hundred battalions of a useless army, and discon-
tinuing th. taxes raised to keep up the sinking fund and the price
of tli-.- stocks."
'!':-. e remedy within the power of the government !
Oh! no, Mr. Reporter; nor would your wise advice oi
of Tills transaction to the British ambassador
at Ma Tid.
The "legitimacy of sovereigns" and the "Divin
right of princes," is the order of t'no day in Europe.
Instead of the people, ministers and others in au-
thority, are charged to take care of kin en.
A German paper says — It is now well ascertained
th.it ihe diet of the Germanic body will not take
place; monarchy considering it too dangerous in tht.
present state of public opinion.
A statue of Napoleon, 13 feet high, lias arrived
at London from Paris.
Sweden has acceded to the "holy alliance." The
Polish diet is to be opened in September by Alexan-
der in person.
Sixteen steam-boats were plying1 on the Clyde.
There is one on the Rhine, another at Hamburg, &c.
Two frigate* are to be built at Plymouth to rate
50 guns, and carry 60 or upwards, long 3'2's and short
42's and 63's. The main decks are to be flush fore
and aft.
Mr. Sheridan was a.t the point of death.
Arrests are still making in France. But the
coun vy in general appears quiet.
A letter from Paris, published in London, state?
positively, that France will not meet her payment*
to the allies, being unable to raise the money. 1-
also intimates, and gives us reason to believe it i<
the fact, that the allied armies are about to arriv-f
in the neighborhood of that city, to enforce the
payment. The people seem in great alarm and un
disbanding one hundred battalions, and suspending [easiness — and appear most cordially to hate the Bri-
*u« ,.„„,.„+: c ,u,, _:_T,:A~ c.._i „!,„.. *i_ „<-„<„ tjs{1 as being. tne c\}[tf cavise of their degradation
Certainly, France is at the lowest ebb of debase-
ment.
On proroguing parliament, 2x1 July to Aug. 2-?
the priuce regent, in his speech, said, "The assur
;inces which I have received of the pacific and
tlie operation of the sinking fund, alter the state
of tilings. — You must touch more than the sinking
fund, JOHN BULL.
Foreign Articles.
The monopoly of tobacco in Poi,,nd, for
6 years,
has been sold by the emperor of Russia for the sum
,iff 800,000 Polish florins a year — something more
than 200,0<'0 dollars. As some may not exactly un-
derstand the nature of these contracts, we may
simply state, that the persons purchasing the mo-
nopoly of an article, h:\ve tlie exclusive right of
Jeulihg in that ;,ricle, within the territory and for
the time agreed ip'on. It is the most iniquitous and
oppi essive mode- o; raising a revenue ever yet adopt-
ed; and never can be permitted where the people
are other than slaves.
The Dutch have reinforced their squadron in the presents to the emperor. This ship belongs to the
Mediterranean with 2 ships of the line and 2
gates.
Some opinion may he formed of the magnificence
of the equestrian statue of Henry IV, now erecting
;xt Paris, when informed, th:it in the casting, Mr.
JLemot has melted 20,OUO wt. of brass, 12,000 of
yellow copper, and 28,000 of red Siberian copper
— making in the whole thirty tons.
It is reported that marshal Soult has sailed for
the United States.
12th of June.
lugerenu died at Paris on the
A British merchant at Malaga, in a letter dated
May 20, complains that the Spanish government
had demanded of him the sum of 500 rials veUon,
as his quota of a contribution of 600,000 which the
king had ordered to be levied, to continue his peace
\:<il!i the regency of JUgicrs. Having refused to com-
ply with tiie demand, as contrary to the treaty be-
tween the two countries, a file of soldiers was sent
"to his house who broke open his money chest, and
took the abovementioned sum with an additional sum
for expenses. Three other British merchants were
pacifi
friendly disposition of the powers engaged in thf
'. Le war, and of their resolution to execute invio-
lably the terms of the treaties which I announced
to you at the opening of the session, promise thf
continuance of the peace so essential to the inte-
rests of the world."
The Russian ship Suv/arrow, between two and three-
years absent on a voyage of discovery, &c. in tht
north Pacific ocean, has arrived in England on her
return to Petersburg. She has a cargo on board va-
lued at 100,t<00/. sterling, consisting of furs and Pe
ruvian products, and 14 rare animals, designed a
Russian E. I. company.
A fleet of French fishing vessels, containing 4600
seamen, with a small squadron of ships, was about
to sail from Bordeaux for J\li(jitdon
New troubles have broke out at Smyrna. The re-
port that Algiers had made war agaiwst England, is
contradicted. Thei'e lias been an insurrection at
Tunis — the Turkish soldiers seized and carried off
five vessels; but tranquility was restored on their
departure. At Bona, in Africa, also, the people
rose upon the foreigner*) employed in the coral
fishery; and on the 2/th of May, (Ascension day)
massacred them as they were returning from mass,
in all to the amount of 200 — among those killed,
was the English consul. The houses of all the
Franks were pillaged and destroyed. This event
had its origin in the discontent caused by lord Ex-,
mouth's treaty with Algiers. Another account says
— "A vessel from Bona, which arrived on the 26th
at Biserta, a small town on the coast of Africa, in
the regency of Tunis, conveyed the intelligence
that 60 Christians fell at Bona, and about nine him-
rved^ in the same way. I? enresentations had been jdred were thrown into irons and threatened .nth
NILBS' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, AUGUST 17, 1816.
death. They were, however, afterwards released,
as it would appear, by the exertions of the English
consul, who fortunately escaped the massacre, and
immediately on gaining their liberty, took tojflight.
LKGHOHX, June 10. — The following has been post-
ed up on Change :
"Port St. Charles, June 3. — A barque has just
arrived here from Bona, the master of which gives
the following particulars of the massacre at Bona
on the 25th May. The fort having fired a gun about
10 o'clock in the morning, a general rising took
pluce among the people, who threw ; themselves
upon the Christians massacreing them with small
arms and bayonets.- The fort also kept a fire of
chain-shot : move than 200 Christians fell a sacrifice.
Among the barques at anchor in the roads, were
100 Neapolitan, under the English flag, 27 Sicilian,
and 73 French. Of this natmber about 100 have
escaped. All accounts agree in stating, that the
English vice-consul perished on this occasion: his
brother escaped with difficulty."
The Roman Catholics in the British dominions
entertain confident expectations from recent de-
clarations by lord Castlereagh and Mr. Canning,
that they are" soon to enjoy all political privileges in
common with the protestants.
It is said the court of Brazil propose to cede its
European territories to Spain, in exchange for South
American territory.
It is indirectly stated that the prince regent's
[of England] wife will not be suffered any longer
to roam over Europe and Africa.
A London paper says — "The pope has stated in a
declaration, which letters from Rome assert his
holiness to have made, that the toleration of several
religions is contrary to the principles of the Ca-
tholic church.
The British parliament have addressed the prince
regent, requesting him to cause to be proclaimed
in all the West-India islands his royal highness'
displeasure at the daring insurrections; to unde-
ceive the blacks where they have erroneous im-
pressions; and to enjoin on the colonial authorities
to carry into effect every measure to promote the
moral, civil and religious improvement as well as
the comfort and happiness of the negroes, and to
make every necessarv provision against any viola-
tion of the laws against the slave trade.
The late massacre at liona, wherein many Eng-
lishmen were killed, with other proceedings of the
Algerines andExmouth's treaty, has excited a warm
and generous feeling in many of the old fashioned
English people — but the governing" party will not
suffer these things to disturb their tranquility. —
From what has fallen in parliament, it appears that
the prince regent had sent by lord Exmouth a very
kind and respectful letter to his "brother," the dey
of Algiers, accompanied by rich presents of velvet,
cloth, &c. and received in return a very loving epis-
tle, together with a fine Arabian horse. The Eng-
lish opposition papers most severely lash the minis-
ters for their huipility to the robbei-s — but from the
little lord Castlereagh said on the subject, it would
seem resolved that the "ancient and venerable insti-
tutions" of the Barbary states were not to be
touched.
But the London Courier thus speaks of lord Ex-
mouth's expedition — "Lord Exmouth arrived yes.
terday at Portsmouth with his fleet from the Medi-
terranean. Thither we must dispatch another —
These piratical practices can no longer be permit-
ted— No more treaties — "My voice is my sword."
Cj-The LORDS OF THE OCEAN cannot suffer
THEIH DOMAIN to be insulted with impunity."
It is stated that lord Exmouth is to proceed again
immediately to the Mediterranean, to chastise the
Algerine and Tunisian pirates. He is to hoist his
flag on board the Queen Charlotte. Lord Exmouth
Wf-.s in London.
The elder Minn, who succeeded the general of
that name, now in the United States, hi the com-
mand of the Spanish guerillas, with his companion,
count Toreno, has been released by Louis the 18th,
The following is a new trait of the insolence of
the Barbary states: The French bomb-vessel, the
Alexander, which left Smyrna on the 7th of May,
ind entered Marseilles on the 1 8th of June, was
met on the 8th, near cape Argente, by a xebec of
Tripoli, which carried off' its guns and some of its
provisions.
It ttppears that Savary and Lallemand, permitted
o leave Malta, have gone to Russia, via Constanti-
nople. Alexander is gathering round him all that is
iossible of skill in arms and the arts; and wonder-
ulchangts in the relations of his vast empire may
je expected.
The British ship owners complain most grevjous-
y of the want of freights. Their ports are blocked
ip with idle ships. They say that "the Dutch, the
Danes, the Swedes, and even the Americans" are
carrying away their trade, ire make the like com-
ilaints here against the British. The truth is, that
:rade is at a stand ; and those who expect in peace
the activity it had in war, must calculate strangely
Lord Wellington arrived in England July 1, which
produced considerable sensation. It Was supposed
)y some that this journey was on account of ill-
le.alth; but as he travelled remarkably fast, it was.
generally believed his visit was political.
Wellington's visit to England, if it be, not for po-
\tical purposes, convinces us that France is more
completely subjugated than we had apprehended,
although we knew that the people had been divest-
ed even of their fowling pieces.
The Tmlcs are actively fitting up their navy—-
whether to act for or against the .Barbary powers
seems doubtful.
Mrs. Jordan, the celebrated English comedian,
and so long the kept-mistress of prince William
Henry, had died at St. Cloud, [France] in conse-
quence of the rupture of a blood vessel.
The duke of Berri has been married with great
pomp at Paris. The festivities were suspended, by
order of the king, on the 18th of June — that day be-
':ng the anniversary of the battle of Waterloo.
When the people were directed to shout vive le
•oi! on account of the duke of Bern's marriage,
many cried out vive I'oie — live the goose!
The "entry of the duchess of Berri into Paris is
described as a very mournful affair — dull, heavy and
itupid, as the duke himself
If the disturbances existing in England were to
lappen in Ireland, they would afford us evidence
enough of the "untameuble ferocity" of the people.
At Honiton, Littleport, Yeovil, Halstcad, &c. vast
mobs have assembled to burn and destroy various
species of property — machines, manufactories, mills,
&c. A meeting was held at Muidstone to vote a
congratulatory address to the princess Charlotte on
her marriage; but the people hissed at and rejected
the resolution, crying "give us work — give us bread."
At Trowbridge, 3000 men were embodied, to burn
houses and factories, placing the civil authority at
defiance. The military at Bristol were called upon
to march against the insurgents, at 1 o'clock in the
morning. For the discovery of the persons engaged
in the destruction of a large factory at Longborough
by a "black fuced" mob, 500 guineas reward are
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—FOREIGN ARTICLES.
offered by gavernment. At Frome an "immense
mob" collected — they made battle with the cavalry,
and wounded the commanding officer and several
others — "but wereat last dispersed."
The rioters of Ely who had incurred the sentence
of capital punishment, have been executed. Under
the pretext of procuring the raising- of their wag-
es, they had plundered the houses of their masters,
8cc. &c.
The spirit of emigration makes a great uproar in
England. Cobbett says, "the hive is in commotion
— the beea seem resolved no longer to support the
droves and wasps." To check it many paragraphs
app<?*ir like the following from the Conner:
"Every thing is very dull in America. So great
is the stagnation of trade, that but very few of the
merchant vessels are employed. Our countrymen
who have emigrated, are in a" most deplorable state;
upwards of a thousand of them have applied to the
British consul at New-York to be sent home with
passports as distressed British subjects."
A letter from Shrewsbury of the 7th inst. men-
tions the distressing state of the iron trade. At
Kitely, Madeley, and other places, (says the com-
munication) many smelting furnaces have been ex-
tinguished and the workmen turned adrift. In the
adjoining county of Stafford, 43 furnaces have stop-
ped work, each of which employed from 200 to 250
men, and, including forgemen, it may be said that
each gave work to at least 300; so that not less
than 12,000 with their families, are thus rendered
destitute.
Extract of a letter from Nottingham: "Two o1
the frame-breakers, both of them notorious charac
ters, have be*n apprehended and positively swori
to. Mr. Wayman, who has already suffered from
the abominable conduct of these wretches, is ac-
tually selling off his property as expeditiously as
possibly, in order to leave this country for America
such is" his situation at present, that he conceives
not only his property, but his life also in danger, so
desperate and bloodthirsty are these villains.
A writer in an English provincial paper, states
that the skin of Marsh, the murderer, who was exe-
cuted a few weeks ag-o atllchester, was conveyed to
Wellington for the purpose of being tunned! — The
writer says that lie witnessed the fact.
Many counties in Ireland continue unsettled.
A London paper of June 25, says — Eleven house
of respectability in London stopped in the course o
last week, one for 350,000£. another for 230,000.
The Fei-moy bank has failed for 220,000/. and a
apparent deficit of 90,000/. Failures are frequen
all over the country.
A letter from Liverpool, says that the failure o
the banking house of Bruce, Simpson & co. witl
several others, and the general distress of trade
has affected the public stocks.
A London paper of July 2, says — "As a proof o
the stagnation of trade, we state, that one day las
week there was not a single entry for import o
• export at the custom house in this city; a cu-cum
stance without a parallel in the annals of that ox
tensive establishment."
[The London editor is mistaken — a like circum
stance occurred once before; or, at least, was s
stated in the papers a considerable time since.]
Motto for the new custom-house in Thair.es-stree
now nearly finished :
"Sacred to the memory of departed commerce.
A French house in London stopped payment o
the 18th of June, whose engagements are said t
exceed half a million sterling. Several others c
inor importance had failed, "and the greatest dis-
ust and alarm prevails throughout the city."
The prince regent, in his speech on the proroga-
on of parliament, speaks of his majesty's ill::'
anks them for their liberality tovfftrd? nij d-tngh-
r and her husband; says tliiit he h:.s r, ,<-., -uted
J the marriage of the princess Mary with the duke
'Gloucester; assures them of the continuance of
ie peace of Europe; says their supplies granted
ay be expected to have a happy effect in uphold-
g the public credit; expresses his pleasure at tlxe
onsolidation of the revenues of fireat Britain and
•eland, and concludes thus — "the measures to
hich I have been under the necessity of resorting
suppress those tumults and disorders which had
ifortunately occurred in some parts of the king-
om, have been productive of the most salutary con-
equences.
"I deeply regret the continuance of that pressure
id distress which the circumstances of the conn-
•y at the close of so long a war, have unavoidably
ntailed on many of his majesty's subjects.
"I feel fully convinced, however, that after tlie
many severe trials which they have undergone in
le course of the arduous contests in which we have
een engaged, and the ultimate success which has
Itended their glorious and persevering exertions,
may rely with perfect confidence on their public
pirit and fortitude in sustaining those difficulties
Thich will, I trust, be found to have arisen from
auses of a temporary nature, and which cannot fail
o be materially relieved by the progressive im-
rovement of public credit, and by the reduction
finch has already taken place in the burthens of
he people."
An attempt was made at Paris, June 23, to blow
p or set fire to the hotel of the duke of Welting-
on during a fete given by him, at which the Bour-
on princes were present. A smoke was perceived
ssuing from the cellar, which was found to proceed
rom a lighted rag besmeared with gun-powder,
ear which were a number of-ball cariouch.es, se-
eral pounds of gun-powder, and two barrel', of oil.
The fire was extinguished before it communicated
o the train, and no alarm was given to the corn-
any.
The Democratic Press says — By a gentleman from
it. Petersburg, we learn that there were nearly
00,000 troops in the vicinity of that city, which
fere frequently reviewed by the emperor of fttmsia,
ccompanied by his brother in law, the hereditary
irince of Orange, in June.
POOR LAWS. — Mr. Curwen, in the British house
of commons, introduced a proposal to revise and
mprove the poor laws, with an ingenious speech;
ic asked "what gave this country its pre-eminence?
Its free constitution. Should TIWKK MILLIONS
OF ENGLISHMEN then remain in tfie degraded
situation to which they were reduced under the
ooor laws? for such was the number receiving re-
ief from them at this moment. The burthen
of the poor's rate was oppressive to the rich,
but the industrious man was pressed down to the
rank of pauperism. As in the reign of William and
Mary badges had been adopted to stop the system
of pauperism, by the operation of shame, so in our
times the plan of poor houses had been adopted
with the same objects. It was impossible to look at
those establishments without grief and shame. The
poor man was torn from his cottage or his connec-
tions, and having no prospect but ot' ending his days
in this wretched state, a savage selfishness was
substituted to all the better feelings. In Ireland,
where there was no provision for the poor — th'~
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— SATURDAY, AUGUST 17, 181 G.
humanity of the lower classes to one another wasjthe Spanish sailors leaving their vessels when in
most praiseworthy. In Scotland, where the moral 'foreign ports, and entering into foreign service, and
-i- it-j.efore directing that every captain of a Spanish
essel shall, on is return to Spain, account for the
hole crew with which he sailed from home.
J,ondon, June 27. Price of stocks this day— Bank
ock 220 219; 3 per cent, red 63 1311 4884; 4
?r cents 78 35-43; Cons, for ace. 65 1-2, 65.
Emigration from Switzerland increases. It is at-
•ibutcd to want of employment among the poor,
consequence of the introduction of English ma-
linery into the manufactories.
There are accounts from Canada, in the city,
rhich state that the merchants at present give to
eir sailors about 35s per month. Five or six ves-
els have been left at Quebec and Montreal, with-
ut a single man on board, as government have of-
ered 4L 10s. for sailors to go to the hikes. A meet-
ig is proposed amongst the merchants whose ves-
els are thus left without hands; they at present
"link they shall want our government to explain
je hardship of their situation, the vessels being
liable to proceed to sea.
['jjrThis matter came before par'iament — lord
Wel-viOe said he could not account for the 90s. being
jiven except in the way of bounty, as the govern-
ment only allowed 45s. He was asked to what ex
ent and for what purpose these hands were' to be
•mplovcd; but hj.- declined answerim? The proceed-
rigs of the British on the hikes are really very im-
tleasant.]
The continued and increasing emigration from
his country to America becomes every day more-
ilarming. The immediate and earnest attention of
government to this serious drain of the most use-
'ul part of the population of the united kingdom,
:o the growing privation of its best hands in arts
ind manufactures, and to the almost daily accumu-
ating loss of the mechanical means of the coun-
character of the people was high, the benevolence of
the people was equal to all the claims on it. There
\vas a singular instance in a parish of Dumfrieshire,
in which ^'3000 had been lef; to the poor, of the
effects of the poor's rates. This parish had 800
inhabitants, and there was scarcely one who was
rot a pauper; but in an adjoining parish of 2500
inhabitants, where the people had to depend on
their own industry, there were but two paupers."
(Hear.)
War in Jtfriva.— Extract of a letter from Mr. H.
Milet, secretary to the government on the coast of
Guinea, written at the castle of St. George, Del-
mina, March 15th, 1816:— The war between ^the
Ashiantines and Fautines (Ashiantymen and Fau-
tymen,) who take the field with armies of fifiy
or sixty thousand men, becomes here terrible —
Within three or four days thousands of fugitive
Fautines, men, women and children, arrived here
The Ashiantines are already near Cape Cors, an
English fort, which lies in our sight, and are ene-
mies to the English. They arc a brave and warlike
nation, against whom, in our opinion, the Englisl
fort will not be able to hold out. This war doe'
oreat mischief here. — Jlms?crJiim Coin-ant, June 26
We are informed that the king of Sardinia has,
ordered the old French generals Chastel and l)u
pas, who had retired to Savoy, where they were
born, to remove from the places where they hac1
.ixed their residence. — Gazette da Francs.
SLAVE TRADE — During the month of February last
"no less than twelve slave ships entered the porto
Bahia, Brazil, from the coast of Africa, with ful
cargoes of men, women and children, to the grea
disgrace of all concerned." So British treaties wit!
.Portugal, (observes the ColumbianJ the boasted ac
tivity of British cruizers to prevent the traffic, am
*he famous declaration of the congress of Vienna
;>rove to be— nothing.
GRAND CANAL.— It is stated that no domestic que
tions have diverted the public mind in Sweden iron
~he canal which is to open the communication wit
the north sea and the Baltic.
London, June 18. — It was determined last night i
,he house of commons, by a majority of 149 to 111
that the new office of vice-treasurer of Irelan
should be allowed to sit in parliament, and that h
should be permitted to appoint a deputy, with
salary of 1000/. a year.
The private advices from Paris state, the utmos
difficulty is experienced in raising the contribution:
and that" some extraordinary explosion is expectc
iVom this and other causes. The foreign troops ar
said to be iu a very dissatisfied state.
The grand duke'of Tuscan)- lias concluded an a
mislice for three months with the dey of Tunis, du
ing which time negociations are going on for a fma
peace. The Italian newspapers complain bitter)
of the patched-up arrangement between the Barba
ry powers and lord Exmouth. They do not call '
peace, but an armistice, which cost impoverish^
Nap'.es u million of piasters, with which the pirate
•will strengthen their navy, and then recommenc
hostiU IPS with additional force.
An uri icle from Bologna of the 12th of May, give
a rnosi deplorable account of the disturbances i
ih.u neighborhood — on the 8th the peasants ro
and destroyed and were destroying even' thin
thai came in their wav — they assembled at
ing of bells.
Tlve kivig of Spai.i has issued a decree complain
'•.'}£ that the nuvul service suffers inconsequence o
try's prosperity, is imperiously directed.
It is stated that 1600 men, women and children
ind engaged passages in different vessels, at New-
ry, Dublin and Belfas% to cross the Atlantic; and
that emigration from Switzerland increased.
Protest against the rejection of the freehold estates b\Us
in the llniise of Lords.
Because it is highly inexpedient and unjust, that
persons who have contracted debts, and have the
means of paying them, should be allowed at their
deaths to transmit to their heirs, or to their devi-
sees, the secure enjoyment of their property, while
by the n on -performance of their engagements, the
unsatisfied creditors may be reduced to bankruptcy
and ruin — and this injustice is the more flagrant in
the cu.se of a trustee, who having employed the me-
ney entrusted to him in the purchase of real estates,
may transmit to his representatives the fruits of
liis violated trust; whilst the orphans, or others,
whom his conduct may have reduced to indigence,
are left, without remedv or resource.
(Signed) CU'.EV.
Jtomfy June 15. Our court is in a delicate posi-
tion with respect to that of England. The affairs
of the Irish Catholics are calculated to excite u live-
ly interest; and on the other hand we have a real
advantage in not displeasing the English goveru-
aient.
jYaples, June 16. — Yesterday 1he minister of fo-
reign affairs, it is said, read despatches from the
prince regent of England, relative to the prompt
arming o» the embodied troops, and the lev\, i
seamen to man ships of war, which are preparing to
put to sea to cruize against the Barbary pirates.
, (TrevetJ 6th April. Th«». cans" of Fro*
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER— STATISTICAL ARTICLES.
413
lessor Gorres (editor of the Rhenish Mercury, late-
ly suppressed) in which the commissary of tlie go-
V( rnment, Sack, was plaintiff, • a been finally decid-
ed in favor of the professor: this gives general sa-
tisfaction to the enlightened here, and will no doubt
be hailed as a good omen by all Germany.
Paris, June 25. A Royal ordinance, dated the
A person is here, calling himself a Persian am-
.s.iador, and is so received by the court; still he
is suspected by some to be an impostor.
A want of money is seriously felt by the go.
ment. One of the finance commissioners is for pa-
per money — another for the sale of the forest, a forc-
ed loan,
19th. June, contains the following: The emperor of Russia has abolished thevassal-
"Willing to mark by acts of beneficence, the! age of the peasants of Esthonica. The process
happy epoch of our dea'r and well beloved nephew I commences at once, but is to be gradual as to the
the duke of Berri, we have decreed, 8cc. 'complete enfranchisement, so as to be perfected ii;
'Every proceeding, every sequestration in cxe-j 14 years. An instantaneous entire change to free -
cution of decrees, or judgments pronouncing gene-
ral confiscations for any cause whatever, or having
for the object the recovery of fines, or expences of
dom might have had bad effects among people in
their condition. There are about 100,000 of then-.
The decimal divisions of money lias been adopt-
procce ii' i s in affairs relative to matters purely po-jedin Holland — it was proposed and much praised
litical, of which the evident object was to serve; in England — but there were impediments as to its
the royal cause, shall cease from the publication of introduction. This mode originated under the fer
deral government of the United States.
The funds experienced some depression this
our present ordinance.
"The immoveable property confiscated, and that
acquired by the affairs abovementioned, and which
are still possessed in consequence thereto, shall be
restored to their owners, or their heirs, retaining
only the expences of proceedings, &c."
June .4. Some disturbances took place at the re-
moval of the statues of Peace and Fame from the
triumphal arch on the Carousal The multitude
exclaimed, now their glory was gone, they little
cared for peace. A certain number were appre-
hended, but were rescued by the efforts of the po-
pulace.
Paris July 1. Delignier, one of the 28 conspira-
tors, has insisted in court that he has facts to com-
municate to the king— facts which will save France,
but he will only communicate tkem to the king in
pi-rson. — [ Official.]
Paris, July 2. General Marchand has been tried
before the council of war, and acquitted. A consi-
derable expedition is preparing at Constantinople.
tt is supposed to be destined against the dey of
Algiers, who has long disregarded the authority
of the Grand Seignior.
, June 28. The plot discovered here in-
morning, for which
causes were assigned;
one of which was that the duke of Wellington had
brought an account of some serious misunderstand*
ing with France. There is not the least foundation
for this, as the [regent's] speech sufficiently proves.
Statistical Articles.
COTTON".
A letter from Liverpool gives the following state-
ment of ihc imports of cotton into that port during
the first fivo months of 1815 and 1816:
From America,
Brazil and Lisbon,
Dutch colonies^
Other parts,
1815
28,2 GO bags
23,690 do.
10,370 do.
8,080 do.
1816
86,890 bags
36,760 do.
10,840 do.
8,730 do.
eludes a few inconsiderable persons. They had bul- j buca 2s. to 2s.
70,400 143,220
30,000 bales were also received in June. The
price of cotton has fallen very much. June 29, up-
land 16 to 18t/.; Orleans, 16 to 19</.; sea-island, no.
stained, 2s. Id. to 2s. 7d.\ Maranharo, 23d.-. Pernam-
PROGRESSIVE WEALTH.
The assessment valuation of property in Mary
land in 1798 was about 40 millions
In 1813, about 120 million?.
The proportion of the 2 million tax
in 1798 was $152,59%
The proportion of the 3 million tax
in 1813 was
gl51,000
letins printed, in which they stated that all France
was in arms against the king. One of the plotters
raves continually about Athens and Rome.
LATEST FHOSl EUROPE.
London dates to July 5. The failure of many banks
and many commercial houses is noticed.
The last letters from India prepare us to expect
a renewal of the Nepaul war. Instigated by the
Mahrattas, they refused to ratify the late treaty.
It is stated that in England, Scotland and Ireland,
there are still six millions of acres of land unculti-
vated.
Marshal Suchet has been put on active service
by the king of France.
Marshal Davoust has received orders to retire to
Flavigny.
Lt. general Gilly has been tried and found guilty.
The series of letters proposed to be published
in the Courier are said to relate to a divorce medi-iccnts on the $100 — and that part of the nine mil-
The rate of tax on 40 millions of dollars to raise
§152,598, the proportion of the tax for Maryland,
in 1798, was thirty-eight cents in the hundred dol-
lars.
The rate of tax on 120 millions to raise §151,000,
is t-uelvs and a half cents only in the hundred dol-
lars.
It follows then, that the
million tax of 1813 was
lighter by two-thirds than the 2 million tax of 1798.
The G million tax of 1814, was only twenty-five
tated in high life, (probably the prince of Wales and
l\is consort, "paired not matched.")
The duke of Wellington has come to England to
use the Cheltenham waters, on account of the liver
complaint.
A writer from Buenos Ayres, despairs of the in-
dependence of that country from the factions that
distract the revolutionists.
At Loughborough, at the lace manufactory of Mr.
Heathcote, a mob has destroyed machinery and pro-
perty to the amount of $65,00U, an^ killed a man.
liona, paid by Maryland to support the war, was less
by half a cent in the $100 of the valuation, than the
two million tax of 1798.
This vast difference, however, is not wholly a-
scribable to the mere increase of the value of pro-
perty— for, while the valuation itself shews an in-
creasy of 200 per cent, the amount called for gives
a comparative decrease of one-third — Maryland's
quota of the three million tax being less than her
quota of the two million tax was. As direct taxes
are proportioned to the representation in congress,
NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, AUGUST 17, 1816.
we observe in this, that Maryland has lost one-third
f the weight she had 1798 in the great council of of the lords of the committee of the council a)
the nation, by the greater rise of the population of
other states.
have the items from an interesting- arti-
cle in the Baltimore Patriot.
MADEIRA WINK. — II is stated, that seven years ago
there was usually produced at Madeira 25,000 pipes
COINS AND COINAGE. — We have a "report
pointed to take into consideration the state of the
tablishment
to his roval
coins of the kingdom, and present es
and constitution of his majesty's mint,
hjghness the prince regent, dated 21st May, 1816."
They state that a new mint has been erected and
finished in the most complete manner, and recom-
annu:illy, or upwards The last year only 6790 was mend an immediate and heavy coinage of gold and
entered at the custom-house. silver metals. They propose that gold coin alone
THE FISHERIES. — There arrived within a few days shall be the standard coin of the realm, and that the
at Beverly, SIXTEEN fishing vessels, with about {silver coins are bereafer to be considered merely
471,000 fish; nearly 30,000 for each, on an average, as representative coins, and to be a legal tender
d cat-fish was taken by a trout line, opposite Cin- "
cinnati, O. some time ago, the dimensions of which,
by actual admeasurement, were five feet and a half
oidy in payment of sums not exceeding two gui-
neas.* They propose to retain tire silver coins at
their present fineness, but to reduce their weight;
in length, four feet girth, twelve inches between I so that from a pound troy of silver there shall be
the eyes,andnineteen across the breast; weight, one
hundred and seventeen pounds.' Such was the power
of this fish that the men who took him were oblig-
ed to shoot him, in order to get him ashore.
IGNORANCE. — A London paper of the 20th of \pril,
has a long article abusing the United States— out
made sixty-six shillings instead of sixty-two In-
stead of the practice heretofore prevailing of de-
livering an T;qual weight of coin for bullion depo-
sited at the mint for coinage, they advise that the
rule in regard to gold shall be adhered to, but
that the four extra shillings to the pound of silver
we notice it only to shew the solid information those shall be retained for the "charge of brassage and
folks possess o"f the condition of our country. — seig-norage/' and the amount thereby produced be
Speaking of one of the reports of a committee of applied to the cost of the mint establishment. By
the house of representatives on manufactures, they this procedure they expect to prevent the melting
say — "The new manufactories on the banks of t/iei down of new silver coins. They think it would be
MISSISSIPPI find their brethren of MASSACHUSETTS advisable that a sum of notices than 2,500,000.?. in
silver coin should actually be coined, before any is-
sue of new coin should lake place, viz. 2,000,000=?.
for the use of Great Britain, and 500,OOU<£. for the
use of Ireland.
HYDROPHOBIA, OH CANINE MADNESS. — From the Co-
rjiil 110 longer but/ their goods %>oluntarilyt and they
therefore petition congress to compel them to do so."
The manufactories on the -Wssissi/'fji supplying the
people of Massachusetts with woolen and cotton
goods! If we were to say that New- Castle was sup-
plied with coals from London, how would these
wise men laugh at us? But they can do any thing—
make brigs of a peculiar construction to sail up the
falls of iViagara ! !
ATHENS, Ohio, promises to become .1 place of
considerable importance. By a law of congress
40,000 acres of land were appropriated Tor schools,
which are partially leased out. The funds already!
derived from these amount to 30,000 dollars per
annum, and the contracts are so made that the re-
venue will increase with the general rise of the
value of the property. A large stone college is now
erecting at Athens.
GREAT BRIDGE. — The new bridge at Providence,
H. I. is nearly completed — the foot walks occupy a
width of 32 feet, the carriage way 63; whole width
including the railing, 97— the length 130. It is said
to be the widest bridge known.
CANNON. — A six pounder camion has been cast by
Green & co. of Cincinnati — executed in a manner
that commands the approbation of all who have
seen it.
BOSTON. — From the Daily Advertiser. — The ave-
rage price brought by the nineteen lots of the New
Cornhill corporation, sold on Tuesday, was about
§12 20 per square foot. The highest price given
lor any lot was nearly 21 dollars per square foot, it
.being for one of the lots bordering 'on Cornhill.
fOr for a lot 20 feet by 100, g42,000.]
TEAM BOATS. — We have heard a great deal about
sleam boats — but team boats, for passing rivers and
going other short distances, appear likely to come
into common use. The Political Index, (published
at >iewburg, N. y.) of the 6th instant, says— "The
"" ' dl)e-
As every mean which affords a prospect
either of mitigating or preventing the symptoms
of this terrible disease is entitled to our considera-
tion and respect, we communicate the following
information for the benefit of suffering humanity —
in hope that by these means the knowledge may be
more generally diffused.
Dr Moseley, an English physician of unbounded
and "great respectability, has published a
work upon this subject, which in a few years has
gone through six editions. The means he employs
as a preventative, we are informed, has proved
infallible in hundreds of instances in which he has
used them; and even some cases where the symp-
toms of hydrophobia had already appeared, have
been cured by the same treatment.
In the first place he cauterises the bitten part
deeply and extensively with lapis infernalis, then
applies a poultioe to abate the inflammaiton and
promote suppuration. 2dly, He exhibits mercury
to the extent of affecting the gums, using calomel
internally, and in urgent cases, employs mercurial
frictions. For relieviug the spasm, he gives the
ammoniated tincture of valerian and camphor.
Such is a summary of the treatment, from which,
he informs us, "that for upwards of 30 years, and
in many hundred cases, he has never had one failure.
He condemns the practice of excision and amputa-
tion of. the bitten part as not only unnecessary, but
prejudicial and barbarous.
This information is the more valuable, as tin-
work referred to is very scarce in this country. Dr.
Mosely has had the politeness to forward two copies
to the editors of the Medical Repository, (Drs.
team boat of Messrs. Carpenter, Lawrence — -.-
mint went into operation last week— she is 62 feet Mitchiiland Pascalis) which, through their f
long and 42 feet wide, and propelled by eight horses, ship, we have had an opportunity of perusing.
She is capable of carrying ten loaded waggons at a
time, and will cross the river in ten or twelve
numites.
*Bank notes now are, and :«re likely tt) be for u
long- time to come, a "•'<
NILES5 WEEKLY REGISTER— CHRONIC LR.
CHRONICLE.
Th'e Washington 74 arrived at Gibraltar, all well
in 23 days from the Chesapeake. On anchoring, sin
fired a salute which was returned bv the garrison.
It is stated that the whole of our squadron in the
Mediterranean, was to rendezvous oft" Algiers, on
the 20th of June
The weather. On the 12th inst. it was so cold tha
fires were necessary, in the vicinity of Erie, Pa. Ye
the crops, except of grass and indian corn, were
promising — the harvest was much later than usual
During the week ending July 20, there arrived
at the "Port of Erie," 3 schooners, 1 sloop and 2
boats ; and cleared, 6 schooners. And in the week
ending with the 5th August, there arrived at Buf-
falo, 1 brig, 6 schooners and 2 sloops ; and cleared
4 schooners. A steam boat for lake Ontario, was
lately launched at Sackett's Harbor. It is delight-
ful to observe the progressive improvement of1 the
state of our country.
Among those who have lately reached our shores
from oppressed Europe, is the famous sculptor Cufte-
lano. The Columbian intimates, that his having
finished an elegant bust of Washington, with an
allegorical figure of America dictating a treaty al
Client, was among the causes of his persecution b)
the Bourbons, "the deputy governors of Castle-
reagh, &c. &c. in France."
The arniz,. It is positively stated in a western pa
per that the troops at Detroit, Michilimackinac, &c
have not received one dollar of their pittance of
pay for the last fifteen months. WE HOPE THI? is
NOT THUK. But the mere suspicion of such a thing
is degrading to the character of government, and
ought to be repelled.
Com. De.cahtr, passing through Petersburg, Va.
was entertained in great stile by its patriotic inha-
bitants— no less than 300 persons assembling and
dining together to honor him, at a very short notice.
The toasis drank on ihe occasion were elegantly
simply and expressive; among them were the fol-
lowing—
The constitution of the United States — While we
drink the waters of felicity, let us reverence the
fountain whence they flow— 3 guns.
The memories of Franklin and Washington — "The
lightnings of heaven could not withstand the sage,
the powers of earth could not corrupt the states-
man."
" Our country — In her intercourse with foreign
nations, may she be always in the right; but always
successful, right or wrong." — 3 guns — 6 cheers.
The President — with many of our living and de-
parted heroes, were "gratefully remembered." The
commodore's volunteer was— "The citizens of Pe
tersburg — They render honor to others, for services
which they themselves have exceeded."
lu accepting the invitation to dine with the' citi-
zens of Petersburg, com. Jiecatur said — "I accept,
with pleasure, the highly flattering invitation of the
citizen;; of Petersburg; :ind beg leave to assure vou,
that the approbation of a people so distinguished
for theiv patriotism, is most gratifying."
ll-nv must a man feel thus to receive the caress-
es of a whole people! We have, thank Heaven, no
stars and garters to reward those "who fill up the
measure of their country's glory," yet they do not
go uncompensfttfd.
Congress. — The next congress will be composed
of a very unusual number of new members. Neither
of the old members will be re-elected from Dela-
ware. The "compensation law" is doing wonders.
It is believed that the whole representation from Con-
•nrcUcnt and Vermont will also be changed.
Worth- Carolina election. — Samuel Dickens, (fed.)
U elected to congress from the district lately repre-
sented by Mr. Stanford, (fed.) deceased.
Kentucky election. — The returns received are yet
very partial and cannot lead us to correct conclu-
sions. In Fayette county, in which is Lexington,
Mr. Clay had 108 votes more than Mr. Pope. Mr.
Johnson beat Mr. Taylor 21 votes in Harrison. In
Bourbon, Mason and Nicholas, Mr. Deshahad 1079,
and Mr. Garrard 804 votes. These are all the re-
turns we have.
Joseph Bonaparte has purchased an elegant place
called Point Breeze, near Bordentown, N. J. where
he intends to reside.
Count Jteal, formerly prefect of the police of Pa-
ris, with his family, has arrived at New- York.
The Cherokee treaty. — It appears that measures
were taken, sometime ago, to ascertain the line of
the Cherokee boundary, as it existed before the late
war with the Creeks — with a view, we suppose, to
a revision of certain parts of the late treaty.
The rev. T. H. Gallaudet, who" has been in Eu-
rope some time to acquire a knowledge of the man-
ner of instructing deaf and dumb persons, has re-
turned to New York, having accomplished his ob-
ject, and will proceed immediately to superintend
the institution established at Hartford, Cun. The
Abbe Sicard was particularly zealous for the suc-
cess of this good work. Mr. G. is accompanied by
Mons. Laurent Clere, a gentleman deaf and dumb
from his infancy; one of the most distinguished pu-
pils of the abbe, and for 8 years past, one of the
principal assistants in the Asvlum at Paris.
Pction has been lately made president for lifely
a number of deputies of the different districts of
:hat part of Hayti under his command, convened
at Grand Go^ve, for the express purpose of revising
and amending the constitution.
Curthagenian privateers. — By a vessel from Ha-
vanna we learn that the coasts of Cuba are exceed-
ngly vexed by the patriot vessels, who have
shewn universal respect to the flag of the United
States. In consequence of the many captures made
y them, the Spanish authorities at Havanna had
purchased the late privateers Young Wasp, of Phi-
'aclclphia, Chasseur, of .Baltimore, jirindeer of Bos.
on and some other smaller vessels,, which hap-
lened to be in the port, to chase them awuv. Bi.t
10 progress had been made to equip them, though
he tonnage duty on foreign vessels had been
loubled for the purpose.
brig from Boston, is said to have been robbed
of 3 or 4000 dollars by a vessel under the Cartlia-
genian flag, off Bermuda. This is the first affair of
he kind that we have heard of, and we hope it may
>e the last.
Many slave ships with full cargoes of slaves, arc
irriving at Havanna from the coast of Africa.
Jltexico. The cause of liberty has not been ex-
inguished by the death of gen. Morelos, who so
ong and so successfully commanded the patriots
f Mexico. Succeeding1 chiefs carry on tue war
vith vigor and effect. Large bodies of republicans
re in the neighborhood of the city of Mexico, and
re said to have entered the suburb of San Lazaro-
'hey blockaded Vera Crux, and have lately gamed
a handsome victory in Uxaea, in v.hich the royalists
had 300 killed and lust ail their bagyigc. "['repa-
rations appeared to be making to/ some decisive
battles. The executive authority remains ut the
city of Tehuacon— the most of \iie provinces hue
elected their representatives to congrcai, und har-
mony was growing Htnongthe people.
General TOIKUO, v/lios? name io turalviar to cu;-
£16 NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER—SATURDAY, AUGUST If, 1816.
readers, as the leader of the • revoh.i y forces stiled from Detroit, bound to the port of Buffalo
in the Sp .nish provinces bordering on the United ,Cr ik, wrh a head wind and beat down the river.
States, passed through Washington on Sunday last, i A; 6 o'clock, P. M. in beating, the vessel grounded
He arrived at Alexandria in a vessel from Xew-Or-|near the head of Grose-Isle, about 8 miles distant
leans, and went northwardly. His object is not! from Detroit. Finding the vessel's boat not sufli-
known.
Video. A Portuguese force of 12 vessels,
cieiuly large to get her afloat, deponent sent to tho
U S garrison on Grose-Isle, and borrowed a boat ;
in all, among which is one 74 and 2 frigates, with and on the morning of the 24th the vessel Was got
3000 men, lias sailed .from the Brazils to attack off. The wind still being ahead, we continued beat-
Monte Video.
From Lima we learn that admiral Brown, as he is
Commonly called, from Buenos Ayres, with two
ing down the river, until we came nearly abreast of
the said garrison on Grose-Isle, when we sent two
, men to return the boat we had borrowed — being-
ships and a brig, was otf the coast of Peru, where then in sight of Amherstburgh, [Maiden.] \Ve soon
he had made six captures. Six merchant ships at ^ 1-
Lima, one of which is called " The Queen of Ingels"
had been armed to pursue him; thev carry 128 guns,
and ,,re manned by 824 sailors and 216 oldiers! We
are much mistaken if some of these vessels are not
added to Brown's list of prizes.
From .Austria. Extract of a letter from an Ame-
rican gentleman in Leghorn, to his friend in New-
York, dated May 30, 1816.
"I have lately received a letter from my friend maj .
Barney, in which he speaks of the pointed and high-
ly distinguished reception given him by the em-
peror of Austria, when on a late visit to Trieste. —
He gave him a private interview of an hour, in which
he spoke with much satisfaction of the American com-
merce to his ports, and said that every thing on his
part would be done to encourage it; he seemed to be
aware of its being of more value to him than that of
the English, which impression, the major did not of
course fail to strengthen, by pointing to the fact,
that we not only brought rich cargoes, but return-
ed ladened with the productions and manufactures
of the Austrian empire; the English on the contra-
ry took few of the former, and none of the latter.
On this visit, he says he found the anti-chamber
crowded with persons of distinction, and the con-
suls of other powers waiting for an audience. As
soon as he entered, he Was conducted into the roy-
ul presence, and was told, that it was the orders
PJ1
of the emperor to give the American consul imme-
diate admission. I am sure, you will participate in
the pleasure I felt in finding, in the sovereign of so
important a nation and with whom we had so little
intercourse, the manifestation of so friendly a dis-jlery were removed from the shore. Before they left
position towards our country." [Such .ire the ef- " -
&cts of the wars of 1812 and 1815.]
INTOLERABLE INSOLENCE From the protest made
after discovered a boat leave the last mentioned
place, with a number of men rowing in the same
direction with the boat we had sent to Grose-Isle.
They continued in the same direction until our boat
had approached near the U. S. garrison, when they
put about and came on board the Union. We found
it to be a six oared barge, with a British naval offi-
cer, in a midshipman's uniform, and 6 men, who im-
mediately came on deck, and enquired for the mas-
ter of the vessel. The deponent being pointed out to
them,the officer stated to this deponent that he came
to search his vessel for deserters. This deponent re-
plied that all his men were on deck, except those
who had gone ashore with the boat. The officer
then ordered the men under his command into the
hold and forecastle, to make search. Deponent pro-
tested against this unwarrantable procedure and
forbid it. The officer replied that he was ordered
to search, and that if he could not do it peaceably,
he should do it by force — at the same time saying,
"your government allow it, why should not you ?"-
There were at this time two pieces of artillery
drawn up on the Canadian shore, apparently well
armed not more than one hundred yards distant
from the Union. Deponent told the officer, that \.
he would search he must take charge of the vessel,
upon which said officer took the helm, ordered his
men to take in sail and briug the vessel to anchor;
which they accordingly did. They then searched the
vessel,and after their purpose was accomplished, the
officer told this deponent he might again take charge
of .iis vessel. They then took their boat and de-
parted, and at the same time the two pieces of artil-
the Union, this deponent demanded their authority
— when the officer declared that he acted under the
verbal orders of his commanding officer, and that
by capt. Beard, of the brig Union, of which the fol- : his name was Henry Brooks. JAMES BEARD.
lowing is a copy, the public will see with astonish- j Richard Smith was executed at Philadelphia on
ment, that the British are making the lakes a thea-j Saturday last, for the murder of captain Carson,
trefor renewing their old system of search and im-' The rarity of such exhibitions in our country, cans-
pressmcnt. It will be recollected that this is not led a great crowd of people; who- behaved in the
the only instance which has occured in this quarter, mast decorous, orderly and feeling manner. But
The British have stopped several vessels on lake! why this strange curiosity to see a fellow creature
Erie, this season, under the frivolous pretence of put to death?
searching for deserters. Their real design, we be-
lieve, is to insult our Hag and those who sail under
it, by the exercise of principles the most mvjusi
and tyrannical. We understand that a copy of this
protest has been forwarded to the secretary of the
navy, and we trust that the government will take
the most prompt and effectual measures to remedy
this growing cvil.— Biifulo Journal.
STATE or NEW-YOKK, }
Niagara county, 5 $S
Be it remembered that on the 3d clay of August,
A. D. 1816, personally appeared before me,
— '• , James Beard, master of the brig Union, of
Buffalo, who being duly sworn on the holy evange-
lists, doth depose, testify, and declare, that on ihe
?1d day of July, last past, near meridian, said brig
Boston, Aug. 9.— The Congress frigate, captain
Morris, now in this harbor, is undergoing a thorough
repair, the Constitution and Guerriere frigates are
to be hauled off, to give room for the Congress to
be hove down and coppered — after which she will
be refitted to proceed upon a long voyage, probably
for the N. W. Coast of America : during Which she
is expected to survey several coasts and harbors.
The U. S. sloop of war Prometheus, capt. Wads-
worth, is getting ready for sea. She is supposed
to be bound to Russia, to carry a messenger with
despatches.
A HOG. — A late Philadelphia paper says — On Mon-
day evening a man for a wager, at Vauxhall Gar-
dens, eat three dozen glasses ice cream and drank
three half gills of brandy in ten minutes.
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